PMID- 6540005 TI - [Diagnostic value of radioisotope methods of studying the thyroid of sheep]. AB - Studies were carried out on the diagnostic effectiveness of the 131I-captation test, the thyro-cap, thyro-con, res-o-mat method, and the scintigraphic method in the investigation of sheep with hypo- and hyperfunction of the thyroid gland. It was established that the first of these methods displayed negligible diagnostic capacity, embracing the changes in the inorganic phase of the iodine metabolism at hypo- and hyperfunction of the thyroid. The data obtained for the T-3, T-4, and FT-4 values on the basis of the radioimmune tests used reflected precisely and differentially the changes in the level of the hormone synthesis taking place in the thyroid at various physiologic conditions. Scintigraphic studies with 131I and 99mTc did not give account for the functional changes taking place in the parenchyma of the thyroid gland. PMID- 6540006 TI - Phosphate repression of phage protein synthesis during infection by choleraphage phi 149. AB - A synthetic medium for choleraphage phi 149 growth, in which the concentration of phosphate ions plays a significant role, has been defined. Upon infection, choleraphage phi 149 DNA binds to the cell membrane at three to four sites. The host macromolecular syntheses are shut off by 10 min after infection and the synthesis of phage-specific DNA is detectable after 20 min of infection. The phage utilizes primarily the host DNA degradation products for its own DNA synthesis. When added during the first 20 min of infection both nalidixic acid and novobiocin inhibit phage growth. The effects of these antibiotics are not pronounced when added late during infection. Pulse labeling of ultraviolet irradiated infected cells at different times during infection has allowed identification of about 50 phage-specific proteins of which 19 are structural proteins. These proteins appear during the infection cycle in two distinct phases, early and late. When infection is carried out in high-phosphate medium, none of the late proteins is synthesized. Eleven of the 26 early proteins detected are DNA-binding proteins. PMID- 6540007 TI - [DNA damage and reparative synthesis in various organs of the rat, induced by emotional-painful stress]. AB - Emotional-painful stress results in DNA single-strand breakage and repair synthesis activation in all the organs studied. The process is tissue-specific. PMID- 6540008 TI - [Enzymic and non-enzymic fibrinolysis during intravenous administration of trypsin]. AB - State of the anticoagulation system was studied after intravenous administration of trypsin at doses similar to the concentration of alpha-thrombin, activating chemoreceptors of vascular walls. Trypsin at doses 0.5 microM-3.7 microM did not affect the anticoagulation system as indicated by unaltered rate of nonenzymatic fibrinolysis. Occurrence of trypsin in blood led to generation of thrombin, which caused limited proteolysis of fibrinogen with subsequent increase in content of soluble fibrin, but did not stimulate the anticoagulation system. Distinct stimulation of the enzymatic fibrinolysis resulted from both liberation of plasmin due to direct proteolysis of plasminogen and unspecific release of the plasminogen activator after destruction of vascular endothelium. High doses of alpha-thrombin (70 NIH un per 1 ml of the preparation) did not activate the anticoagulation system but the total fibrinolytic activity was increased die to elevation in the ratio of enzymatic fibrinolytic activity. The data obtained suggest that the proteolytic activity of thrombin and trypsin is not responsible for the reflectory reaction of the anticoagulation system. High specificity of alpha-thrombin, caused by the presence in its structure of the recognizing sites of high molecular substrates, enables the enzyme to interact with chemoreceptors of vascular walls and to stimulate the anticoagulation system. PMID- 6540009 TI - Kawasaki disease. PMID- 6540010 TI - Prevention of kernicterus. PMID- 6540011 TI - [Cyathostoma variegatum (Creplin, 1849) Chapin, 1925 and Cyathostoma lari Blanchard, 1849 (Nematoda, Syngamidae) in Poland]. PMID- 6540012 TI - [Diagnosis of cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein]. AB - In 10 patients at the age of 17 to 59 years the diagnosis of a cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein primarily was made by sonography and was confirmed by computer tomography and angiography, respectively. These findings were seen by chance when an abdominal ultrasound was performed in order to clarify splenomegaly or esophageal varices. The characteristics of the disease are the positive proof of a convoluted agglomeration of racemose venous structures that have replaced the normal single portal vein and signs of portal hypertension. The sonographic figures are so typical that ultrasound is the decisive procedure in its diagnosis and that direct or indirect splenoportography is not necessary. The present results show that clinical manifestations of cavernomatous transformation of the portal vein are delayed sometimes in to adolescence and that invasive diagnostic methods are only necessary when shunt operation is planned. PMID- 6540013 TI - [Biochemical criteria of the sensitivity of patients with leukosis to 6 mercaptopurine and cytosar]. PMID- 6540014 TI - [Relation between the defensive behavior of altricial nestlings and the parameters of an alarm signal. Neuroethologic approach]. AB - The acoustic organization of the defensive behaviour was studied in Pied Flycatcher nestlings. Electrodes were chronically implanted into the field L and the neck muscles for auditory EPs and EMG recordings. A well developed defensive reaction which under natural conditions is elicited by species-specific alarm call, could be artificially provoked by monotonal 4.5-6 kHz bursts with repetition frequency of 4-0,8/s. The tone frequency was shown to be the critical acoustic parameter permitting the altricial nestlings to identify alarm vocalization and differentiate it from alimentary signals. The role of the burst repetition frequency is restricted to maintaining the tonic defensive activation in the course of the alarm signal presentation. Certain correlation was found between the time of regeneration of excitability in auditory structures and the burst repetition frequency in the species specific alarm signal. PMID- 6540015 TI - [Role of serotonin2 receptors in regulating aggressive behavior]. AB - Quipazine and pirenperone , the drugs interacting with serotonin2 -receptors, more readily displaced 3H-spiroperidol from its binding sites in the frontal cortex than in the striatum. Pirenperone (0,07-0,3 mg/kg), antagonist of serotonin2 -receptors, selectively decreased the intensity of apomorphine aggressiveness. The antiaggressive action of haloperidol (0,01-0,2 mg/kg) was in correlation with its antistereotypic activity. Long-term administration of naloxone (0,5; 15,0 mg/kg), together with apomorphine (0,5 mg/kg) reduced the number of head-twitches caused by quipazine (2,5 mg/kg). The administration of quipazine 48 hours after the last injection of naloxone and apomorphine caused spontaneous aggressiveness that did not differ from apomorphine aggressiveness. Intracerebroventricular injection of cholecystokinin tetrapeptide (CCK-4) markedly enhanced the foot-shock aggression. The same dose of CCK-4 also decreased the intensity of quipazine (2,5 mg/kg) head-twitches. Compared to haloperidol, pirenperone was a more selective antagonist of CCK-4. After long term apomorphine treatment (0,5 mg/kg during 10 days, twice daily), the effect of CCK-4 on aggressive behaviour was markedly enhanced. It is possible that two subtypes of serotonin2 -receptors exist in the brain and have opposite action on the aggressive behaviour. CCK-4 may play the role of an endogenous modulator of sensitivity of serotonin2 -receptors involved in the control of aggressiveness. PMID- 6540016 TI - [Relation between the level of conditioned reflex activity and concentration of serotonin in the blood of normal and neurotic dogs]. AB - Higher nervous activity of dogs was studied using Pavlovian method of alimentary salivary conditioned reflexes. Serotonin (5- hydroxytryptamine) content in the venous blood was defined by means of fluorescent spectrofluorimeter using orthophthalic dialdehyde. A high level of conditioned and unconditioned reflexes was accompanied by a low serotonin blood content, while a low level of reflexes was accompanied by a high serotonin content. Negative correlation is supposed to exist between the degree of activation of nervous processes and blood serotonin content. Blood serotonin content increased in dogs in experimental neurosis with expressed reduction of the level on alimentary conditioned and unconditioned reflexes. PMID- 6540017 TI - [Dynamics of the summary electrical activity of the dorsal hippocampus during development of experimental informational behavioral pathology]. AB - Dynamics of dorsal hippocampal EEG changes were traced in cats during the short term memory loads under conditions of the time deficit between the separate delayed reactions. Shortening the intervals between the tests from 3-5 min to 15 20 s led to an expressed ECoG desynchronization accompanied by an initial increase and later blockade of the hippocampal theta-rhythm. Hippocampal theta activity changes under conditions of the time deficit was a result of emotional stress. The long emotional stress impaired the short-term image memory, and this was manifested in hippocampal theta-rhythm disappearance. PMID- 6540018 TI - [Dynamics of spontaneous activity of hypothalamic neurons in the rat during emotional stress]. AB - Statistic parametres of discharges of separate cells in various hypothalamic nuclei were studied on Wistar rats in acute experiment under aethernembutal anesthesia. By logarithmic transformation of activity parameters a difference was established and some similar features of background firing of neurones in the frontal and posterior zones of the hypothalamus. Changes were shown in quantitative characteristics of impulse activity of hypothalamic neurones during development of emotional stress in conditions of long-term sexual conflict situations. PMID- 6540019 TI - [Inversion of sexual behavior in the female white rat during exposure to constant and prolonged illumination]. PMID- 6540020 TI - [Modified MLW resectoscope for use as a urethrotome in urethrotomia interna]. AB - Material, form, construction and use of a cutter by means of which an MLW resectoscope can be used as a urethrotome are described. PMID- 6540022 TI - Variation with age in the levels of sex-steroid-binding plasma protein as determined by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay for human sex-steroid-binding plasma protein (SBP) was developed. With this assay, SBP was determined in sera of 138 normal men and 169 non-pregnant women, ranging in age from 11 to 87 years. The results indicate that SBP levels in both sexes increase gradually with age up to mid-eighties, that the average levels in mid-eighties are approximately twice those in early twenties, and that the average levels in women are about twice as high as those in men of corresponding age. These results may also account for the discrepancies in the previous papers regarding the normal blood levels and sexual difference of SBP in adult men and women. PMID- 6540021 TI - [Antigenic properties of nitro aromatic derivatives of polyethylene glycol]. AB - The immunogenic properties of the dihapten and monohapten derivatives of polyethylene glycol with different nitroaromatic groupings were studied. 2,4 dinitrophenyl, 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenyl and trinitrophenyl-ethyl groupings were used as hapten groups. The injection of monohapten compounds was found to induce the accumulation of antibody-forming cells secreting antibodies to trinitrophenyl in the spleen of normal and athymic nude mice. As early as on day 3 the number of antibody-forming cells considerably exceeded their background level, the process of B-cell activation being, to a certain extent, thymus-independent. Dihapten compounds were not immunologically active. The effect rendered by the nitroaromatic derivatives of polyethylene glycol, revealed in this study, is linked with the known capacity of polyethylene glycol to adsorb on the surface of cell membranes. PMID- 6540023 TI - Multiple birth rates in Japan: further analysis. AB - The rates of MZ and DZ twin births and of triplet births slightly decreased in Japan in 1955-1967 and 1974, whereas that of trizygotic triplets tripled. The rates of triplet and quadruplet births were comparable to those of Caucasians. Although the sample size is small, Japan seems to be characterized by higher rates of triplets and quadruplets of polyembryonal origin and lower rates of those of polyovulational origin as compared to Caucasian populations. Stillbirth rates in both MZ and DZ twins gradually decreased in 1960-1967 and 1974. The rate was higher in MZ than DZ twins, and higher in males than females. The secular trends of stillbirth rates in like-sexed triplets was similar to that in twins, whereas the rate in unlike-sexed triplets remained almost constant for the entire period. The rate was higher in like-sexed than unlike-sexed triplets. PMID- 6540024 TI - Twinning rates and seasonal changes in Gorlitz, Germany, from 1611 to 1860. AB - Old-age twinning rates were evaluated over a period of 250 years (1611-1860), from 80,256 parish records of baptism in a church office in Gorlitz, East Germany. Two periods with high and two periods with low twinning rates were observed. Twinning rates were relatively stable in spring and fall, but varied greatly in winter and summer. PMID- 6540025 TI - Twinning rate by month of mother's birth in Japan. AB - Records of two hospitals and of an association of mothers of twins were analysed for the years 1924-1980, finding a total of 656,109 and 1185 twin births, respectively. Twinning rates were higher in summer or fall, in general, but these seasonal variations occasionally changed within a short period of years, as in 1973-75 in the Association group. The twinning rate was also affected by the month of mother's birth. It was low among the mothers born around May-July in maternities up to 1960, and these mothers did not show seasonal variation of twin births. The unlike-sexed twinning rate of the mothers born in May-July was also lower than that of the other mothers, and constantly low even at higher maternal ages. A possible explanation for these phenomena is discussed. PMID- 6540026 TI - Health characteristics of mothers of twins. AB - Mothers of twins, as compared with mothers of singletons, are taller, and for a given height are heavier; they have slightly earlier menarche and menopause. Our recent studies have shown that mothers of DZ twins are at greater risk of cancer of the pancreas (but not for cancers of other sites), as well as of death due to diabetes, other endocrine diseases, and allergies. These findings are consistent with the clinical and epidemiological literature. We have also found that singleton siblings of twins are slightly heavier at birth than children born into sibships consisting of singletons only. The need for further research on the characteristics and long-term health of mothers of twins is indicated. PMID- 6540027 TI - Congenital heart defects and twinning. AB - A preliminary analysis of twins or triplets with heart defects, ascertained in five centres, confirms earlier suggestions that monozygotic (MZ) twins are over represented among twins with heart defects, even after excluding persistent ductus arteriosus and conjoined twins. An MZ twin individual has a risk of cardiovascular malformation approximately twice that of DZ twins and singletons. It is suggested that the twinning process itself affects one of the pair. Disturbance of laterality ('mirror imaging') is probably a more important mechanism than twin-twin transfusion. Inappropriate use of the twin method in the past has caused the importance of genetic factors in the etiology of congenital heart defects to be underestimated. Nevertheless, twins do provide a useful illustration of the likely importance of epigenetic factors in heart development. PMID- 6540028 TI - Situs viscerum specularis in monozygotic twins. AB - A case is reported of a 14-year old male MZ twin pair, with only one partner affected by situs viscerum inversus, whereby the condition is termed situs viscerum specularis. The high degree of mirror imaging is seen as an abnormal variation of the biological time of the cleavage giving rise to MZ twinning. Electrocardiographic findings are presented and the biological implications of the condition are discussed. PMID- 6540029 TI - Enterotoxin production by Yersinia enterocolitica in food samples. AB - Milk and cold meat samples were contaminated with 7 various serogroups of Yersinia enterocolitica strains. The infected food samples were incubated under different conditions of growth, at different temperatures and for different periods of time, then the number of colony forming units was determined and enterotoxin production was assayed by the suckling mice test. The Y. enterocolitica strains multiplied well under varying conditions of growth, but enterotoxin production could be detected only in the meat samples when incubated under shaking at 25 degrees C for 48 h. It may be assumed that performed yersinia enterotoxin is absent from food stored under normal conditions. PMID- 6540030 TI - Treatment and prognosis of metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. AB - Three cases with metastasized choriocarcinoma are reported. The basic chemotherapeutic regimen was methotrexate and actinomycin D, combined with cyclophosphamide or vinblastine. Surgery was used in the treatment of both primary and metastatic lesions. The chief indications for hysterectomy arise when chemotherapy has obviously failed. Thoracotomy was performed for a pulmonary metastasis and nephrectomy for a metastasis of the kidney. Craniotomy was performed to control the brain hemorrhage. Aggressive multidrug chemotherapy is considered necessary as the primary treatment for high-risk cases of trophoblastic disease. PMID- 6540031 TI - Effects of two estradiol/norgestrel combinations on the ovulatory pattern and on sex hormone binding globulin capacity in women around forty years of age. AB - Thirteen women aged 36-46 years (mean 43) who were seeking contraceptive advice, were monitored for 3 months with basal body temperature (BBT) and were then treated for 3 months with CyclabilR (11 tablets of 2 mg estradiol valerate (E2) followed by 10 tablets of 2 mg E2 + 0.5 mg norgestrel). This treatment was immediately followed by another 3 months with CyclabilR + 2 mg E2. BBT revealed a spontaneous ovulatory rate of 89%. Cyclabil reduced the ovulatory rate, as measured with repeated serum progesterone analyses, to 37%, and Cyclabil + 2 mg E2 resulted in a marked reduction in the number of ovulations (3%). Both types of hormonal combination resulted in relatively small changes in Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Capacity. It is concluded that the addition of 2 mg E2 to CyclabilR causes a decrease in ovulation rate to such an extent that women using this combination run a relatively small risk of conceiving. One advantage over contraceptive steroids may be that the present combination contains a natural estrogen at a relatively low concentration. PMID- 6540032 TI - Vitamin A nutrition in the human foetus. A comparison of Sweden and Ethiopia. AB - The accumulation of vitamin A during foetal development was investigated post mortem in foetuses and newborn infants of well-defined socio-economic groups of Swedish and Ethiopian women. The median vitamin A concentration in the liver was 37.0 micrograms/g in the Swedish foetuses (n = 39) and 9.1 micrograms/g in the Ethiopian ones (n = 49) (p less than 0.001). The liver vitamin A concentration in the Swedish foetuses increased exponentially during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. This trend was not evident in the Ethiopian material. The mean serum concentration of retinol-binding protein was only slightly lower in the healthy Ethiopian newborns (18.6 mg/l; n = 70.) than in the Swedish newborns. This finding suggests that vitamin A is retained i the foetal circulation in preference to storage, much like the situation in a vitamin A deficiency state in the adult. PMID- 6540033 TI - Effect of different illumination conditions on circadian changes of Ca++ and Mg++ level in the cingulate gyrus of the limbic system of the mouse brain. AB - The effect of different illumination conditions on circadian changes of the Ca++ and Mg++ level in the cingulate gyrus of the mouse brain was investigated. The tissue was collected one and four weeks following the introduction of an altered illumination pattern at 4 h intervals. The ion level was assessed using the atomic absorption method. The control group (LD 12/12) revealed an ultradian rhythmicity of the ion concentration. In animals kept at LD 0.5/23.5 a marked disturbance of the rhythm was observed one and four weeks after introduction of the new illumination conditions. The photophase lasting 0.5 h also induced different responses of the organism when introduced at different times of the day. PMID- 6540034 TI - Dipeptides delay the onset of morphine withdrawal in the mouse. AB - The effect of dipeptides was studied on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal in the mouse. In accordance with previous data, s.c. treatment with Z-prolyl-D leucine delayed the onset of withdrawal jumpings . Replacement of L-proline by L glutamate or L-pyroglutamate resulted in dipeptides which were more potent in morphine withdrawal than was Z-prolyl-D-leucine. PMID- 6540035 TI - Skeletal muscle morphology, metabolism and function in smokers and non-smokers. A study on smoking-discordant monozygous twins. AB - Differences in skeletal muscle characteristics between smokers and non-smokers have been demonstrated in a previous study ( Orlander , J. et al. 1979, Acta Physiol Scand 107:39-46). In order to decide whether these differences had a genetical background, six pairs of smoking-discordant monozygous twins were studied with respect to muscle (vastus lateralis) morphology, metabolism and function. The percentage type I fibres was lower in the smokers, who also had smaller diameters of this fibre type. Cytochrome oxidase activity was decreased in the smokers. No differences were seen for other enzymes of energy metabolism, capillary density, isometric or dynamic strength, or short-term muscular endurance. The non-smokers tended to be more physically active. In four ex smoker/non-smoker pairs, no significant differences were found for the investigated parameters. It was concluded, that the difference in fibre type distribution is not due to a hereditary predisposition to take up smoking. Furthermore, the small difference in physical activity level is an unlikely cause. Thus, smoking per se appears to be the most plausible explanation for the difference in fibre type distribution and associated muscle characteristics. No definitive conclusion regarding the reversibility of the smoking-related differences can be drawn from the present results. PMID- 6540036 TI - Behavior troubles in nursery school children and their possible relationship to pregnancy or delivery difficulties. AB - Thirty four children, 3-5 year old, of 3 nursery schools, with emotional inhibition or temper tantrums detected by the nursery staff, were investigated on difficulties in pregnancy or delivery, by specifically asking their mothers. Compared to a matched control group, the mothers of probands reported more anxious pregnancies (.025), more somatic disturbed pregnancies (.005), experienced more foetal hypermotivity (.05), and their deliveries were more anomalous (.005). The vital conditions of their new-borns were affected by more distress (.025). Since there is an increasing amount of literature stressing on one hand on relationships between pregnancy and delivery difficulties and future biopsychological and social maladjustment, and on the other hand on childhood antecedents of adult mental diseases, an early detection and a correct causality are the first steps to right therapeutic interventions. PMID- 6540037 TI - Acute psychiatric admission related to the menstrual cycle. AB - A study of menstrual cycle phase on the day of acute admission to a psychiatric hospital for 121 women aged 20-39 showed an unequal distribution of admissions. More admissions than expected took place in the menstrual period, and correspondingly fewer intermenstrually. The difference was significant, and points to a certain degree of cyclicity in female psychiatric disturbance. This cyclicity was not significantly influenced by age, diagnosis, oral contraceptives or tendency for premenstrual symptoms. In the age group 20-39 one and a half times as many men as women are admitted to Danish psychiatric departments. Thus, in view of a common baseline, the most conspicuous feature is, that remarkably few women were admitted intermenstrually. PMID- 6540038 TI - A-band mass exceeds mass of its filament components by 30-45%. AB - We have measured filament lattice spacing in fibrils using X-ray diffraction, and find that STEM-determined mass/length values reported for myofilaments should give 13% w/v as the filament protein concentration in the lattice of the AO-band (filament overlap zone) of both insect flight muscle (IFM) and vertebrate skeletal muscle ( VSkM ). This is well below the actual mass concentration of AO bands as measured by immersion refractometry of detergent-washed rigor myofibrils under the phase microscope. This technique identifies an immersion fluid of suitable refractive index (RI) for matching out all image contrast between background and the selected cross-band. We used RI fluids in which the effective RI matching component is a large-particle solute (Percoll or hemocyanin) excluded by the filament lattice. The measured RI indicates that protein concentration in AO-bands is 16-17% in Lethocerus and other IFM fibrils including CAF-digested fibrils, and is 18-19% in rabbit VSkM fibrils. On IFM fibrils we also measured absolute buoyant density in Percoll as greater than or equal to 1.042; this supports the value for mass concentration as determined by RI. The mass discrepancy between fibrils and filaments does not seem to arise from faults in the methods used. We therefore accept the STEM-determined mass/length values for thick filaments which indicate 4 myosins/crown in IFM and 3 in VSkM , and we believe there is considerable extra nonfilament material (concentration: 30-50 mg/ml) between the filaments in fibrils. In stretched VSkM , it is the H-bands, not the I-bands, which have an excess over filament mass content. The extra mass has not been identified. PMID- 6540039 TI - Myofilament diameters: an ultrastructural re-evaluation. AB - In situ, ultrastructural measurements of diameters of contractile filaments in skeletal and heart muscle differ considerably from those previously reported. Past measurements have been made in thin, transverse epoxy sections that were non specifically stained with heavy metal salts to overcome background scattering of epoxy polymer. In our images from transverse de-embedded sections, the hexagonal lattice has some considerable differences from that seen in epoxy sections. Muscle samples from rat atrium and frog sartorius were fixed, dehydrated, embedded in polyethylene glycol, and sectioned. Sections were de-embedded in graded polyethylene glycol/ethanol, mounted on coated grids, critical point dried, and viewed in the electron microscope without staining. The backbone diameters of thick filaments were measured in the M band region and have an average value, after correction for shrinkage, of 25 nm. Thin filament diameters range from 6.5-9.5 nm. In regions of overlap of thin and thick filaments, the thick filament profiles varied from circular to asymmetric; diameters range up to 36 nm and yield eccentricity ratios varying from 1.5 to 1.0 (circular profiles). Portions of thick filaments touch or partially envelope neighboring thin filaments. The relative contributions of cytoskeletal components to these images of overlap regions remains to be determined, but the backbone diameters in glycerinated frog sartorius are not significantly different from control samples. The present results are consistent with those reported for rotary shadowed thick filaments; from recent experiments in muscles whose myofilament lattice is osmotically compressed; and with estimates of A band mass. This lattice geometry yields relatively low surface-to-surface distances between filaments. Steric considerations and their implications for cross bridge theory are discussed. PMID- 6540040 TI - Symmetry and self-assembly in vertebrate A-filaments. AB - The myosin-containing A-filaments of vertebrate skeletal muscle contain 294 myosin molecules packed to give overall 3-fold rotational symmetry, as illustrated by the fraying of the filament into 3 sub-filaments ( Maw and Rowe, 1980). Further studies on slightly frayed filaments are consistent with a highly linear arrangement of these sub-filaments, at least in the major part of the cross-bridge region where sub-filaments can be observed. Isolated filaments have an unusual hydrodynamic property in the form of an anomalous frictional increment. This property is as yet unexplained; it may possibly be related to flow-induced cyclic movements in the myosin heads. Self-assembly of A-filaments in vitro to correct length and width has yet to be achieved. We have found however that under certain exactly defined conditions a very accurate reconstruction of both filaments and A-band can be accomplished in situ. Solubilisation of the myosin in chloride-free medium and maintenance of a high local myosin concentration are absolute requirements. Reconstruction is either abolished or modified by preglycerolation or at longer sarcomere length. It is argued that these results suggest a role for the actin filament lattice in myosin assembly, and imply that myosin assembly in the M-line region may be separable from myosin assembly in the cross-bridge region. PMID- 6540041 TI - Force--sarcomere-length relation and filament length in rat extensor digitorum muscle. AB - Relations between sarcomere length (SL) and force (F) were studied in ten fiber bundles (six to twenty fibers) from rat extensor digitorum muscles. A bundle (60 micron by 200-300 microns) was mounted in a glass covered perfusion chamber containing modified Krebs Henseleit buffer at 25 degrees C, oxygenated with 95% O2, 5% CO2 and pancuronium bromide (8 mg/1). F ( Disa 51E 01 transducer) and SL (laser diffraction and light microscopy) were measured; the latter could be controlled by a servomotor system. 200-500 ms tetanic stimulus trains were applied via platinum electrodes parallel to the muscle with 20% above maximal intensity, 160 Hz frequency and 1 ms duration of pulses. Tetani were at 2 min intervals. F attained a steady value 100 ms after the start of the tetanus at 2.0 2.5 microns SL and 350 ms at 3.5 microns SL. Active force, measured during tetani in which sarcomere length was held constant, was maximal between SL = 2.15 microns and 2.65 microns and declined in linear fashion with SL to zero at SL = 3.90 microns. Active force at SL = 2.00 microns was 95% of maximal force. Passive force was manifest above SL = 3.10 microns and was 10% of maximal force at 3.80 microns. Eight similar bundles were processed conventionally for electron microscopy (Philips EM 201A ) while SL was measured during the processing steps. Measurements were made from micrographs of longitudinal sections. SL measured from the micrographs were consistent with the observed shrinkage (5%). Actin periodicity was 41.5 +/- 0.19 nm; twenty-seven periods per actin filament were found. Filament lengths were corrected for an assumed actin periodicity of 39 nm. Actin length was 1.13 +/- 0.013 micron; myosin length was 1.53 +/- 0.015 micron. Bare zone was 0.17 micron +/- 0.01 micron. These filament lengths would give optimum overlap at SL between 2.26 and 2.43 microns and a linear decrease to zero with increasing SL from 2.43 microns to 3.79 microns. Actual force was consistently higher than predicted by overlap and force was maintained to both the left and the right of the predicted plateau. PMID- 6540042 TI - Limulus striated muscle provides an unusual model for muscle contraction. AB - Although nearly two decades have passed since de Villafranca (1961) described A band shortening, controversy persists. Here we will review the data which has been amassed since de Villafranca 's description. We will conclude that A-bands and thick filaments shorten during sarcomere shortening in Limulus striated muscle. Further we will suggest that two machines operate in this muscle: a tension generating sliding filament system and a tension generating thick filament shortening system. Also we will suggest a mechanism of force generation of the filament shortening system and provide evidence for a cycling bridge mechanism for this muscle. PMID- 6540043 TI - Effect of lattice spacing on cross-bridge orientations in relaxed crab muscle. PMID- 6540044 TI - A proposed mechanism of contraction in which stepwise shortening is a basic feature. AB - A simple model is put forth as an initial attempt to account for the observation that the contractile process is discrete and synchronized over a large region of space. PMID- 6540045 TI - Structure of Limulus and other invertebrate thick filaments. AB - We have demonstrated remarkable similarity among the skeletal muscles of chelicerate arthropods with respect to the cross-bridge arrangement on the surface of their thick filaments. The latter, gently isolated from the muscles of three representative species (Limulus telson , tarantula leg and scorpion leg and tail) have been examined by electron microscopy and optical diffraction using both negatively stained and unidirectionally metal shadowed preparations. The filaments are highly periodic and produce clear and detailed diffraction patterns. The cross-bridge projections form integral surface helices, with an axial spacing of 14.5 nm between adjacent crowns and a major axial repeat every 43.5 nm. We have demonstrated previously that Limulus filaments are four-stranded and analysis of both electron micrographs and their transforms, as well as optical reconstructions of the arachnid filaments is consistent with their also having a four-start surface helix, which is right-handed in all cases. Of all those examined, thus far, only Limulus thick filaments have been demonstrated to change length under various conditions. Shortened Limulus filaments isolated from K+-stimulated fibers retain the 43.5 nm axial repeat periodicity and 14.5 nm axial spacing between crowns. In preliminary analysis of negatively stained and metal shadowed preparations, we see no systematic change with respect to screw or rotational symmetry in short as compared with long filaments. A few of the former have a very slightly increased diameter (3-4 nm) in the middle of each filament arm. This region often shows disorder on optical transforms. From our results we cannot rule out the possibility that disaggregation and reaggregation of thick filament proteins accompany the changes in length of Limulus thick filaments. PMID- 6540046 TI - Physical behaviour of glycolipids in bilayer membranes: distribution and accessibility. AB - A 3-dimensional scale drawing has been produced which purports to illustrate key features of glycolipid environment in the eukaryote plasma membrane. An attempt has been made to isolate two such features for separate study using bilayer model membranes. In particular, i) physical shielding of glycolipid headgroups by membrane-associated macromolecules has been investigated as a possible source of glycolipid crypticity; and ii) freeze-etch EM has been employed in an attempt to understand factors that control glycolipid receptor function and distribution. The first of these problems was approached by measuring sialic acid released (by the enzyme, neuraminidase) from gangliosides in lipid bilayers. The bilayers could be coated with a firmly attached layer of protein or high molecular weight polysaccharide in order to mimic the presence of macromolecules at a cell surface. In fact, surface coat material did not measurably reduce sialic acid release from gangliosides in fluid or rigid phosphatidylcholine membranes. The implication drawn is that non-specific shielding by surface glycoproteins is an unlikely source of glycolipid crypticity in cell membranes. The second problem was attacked by direct visualization of lectins and bilayer vesicles on the platinum-shadowed outer surface of large liposomes. To a first approximation bound lectins (and hence gangliosides) were equally distributed between coexisting fluid and rigid phospholipid domains. However the appearance was suggestive of a tendency for gangliosides to exist in small clusters. Lipid vesicles bearing lectin receptors were used to mark points of lectin-mediated membrane-membrane attachment on large liposomes. There was no obvious difference in the extent of such attachment to fluid and rigid domains. PMID- 6540047 TI - Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balances during very low calorie diets of soy or collagen protein in obese men: comparison to total fasting. AB - In 30 obese men, calcium, magnesium, and phosphate balances were measured for 40 days using one of four weight reducing regimens: 1) 400 kcal soy protein; 2) 400 kcal collagen protein; 3) total fasting with potassium; and 4) total fasting without potassium. Relationship of the minerals to each other and to nitrogen and to the QTc interval was also examined. All groups were in negative cumulative calcium balance but the protein-fed groups lost less calcium (soy, -3.0 +/- 2.1 g; collagen -4.9 +/- 3.2 g) than the total fasting groups (with potassium supplement, -9.2 +/- 3.4 g; without potassium supplement, -5.8 +/- 2.1 g) (p less than 0.01). The soy-fed group attained positive cumulative magnesium (0.7 +/- 0.5 g) and phosphate balances (6.9 +/- 3.9 g). The other three groups had significantly more negative magnesium (p less than 0.0005) and phosphate (p less than 0.0005) balances, (collagen, magnesium balance, -1.1 +/- 1.0 g, and phosphate balance, -7.6 +/- 3.7 g; total fasting without potassium, magnesium balance, -1.4 +/- 0.6 g, and phosphate balance, -5.4 +/- 2.7 g). Potassium supplementation during fasting increased urinary losses of calcium and fecal losses of magnesium. High phosphate intake reduced urinary calcium. Nitrogen losses predicted only magnesium losses. Serum mineral levels did not reflect tissue mineral status. Shortening in the QTc interval as an indicator of reduced myocardial instability was related to the increase in serum phosphate in the protein-fed subjects. PMID- 6540048 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced squamous carcinoma of the cervix: a phase I-II study of high-dose cisplatin and cyclophosphamide. A pilot study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group. AB - Sixteen patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin to determine a tolerable dose schedule, major adverse effects, and a general estimate of response rate and duration. Toxicity was substantial with a dose of cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m2 and cisplatin 100 mg/m2 given intravenously every 3 weeks. Renal, hematologic, and gastrointestinal toxicities were severe. Of the 12 patients with measurable disease, there were two complete responses and three partial responses for a response rate of 42%. The median duration of response was 24 weeks. Six patients remained stable during therapy and one patient had progression of disease. Use of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin in combination chemotherapy for recurrent carcinoma of the cervix was tolerable but associated with substantial toxicity. The responses seen in this study are encouraging and warrant further comparative trials with this combination of drugs. PMID- 6540049 TI - Fetus-in-fetu: report of a case. AB - A case of fetus-in- fetu is reported. It occurred in an 8-week-old Korean boy who had been born by cesarean section due to abdominal distension. The fetus-in- fetu was connected to the superior mesenteric artery and consisted of two masses, apparently representing two portions of an acardiac monster. There was an amniotic membrane covering both masses, and the umbilical cord clearly was identifiable. One mass included the brain, eye, trachea, salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas, spleen, etc., while the other mass contained extremity bones, vertebrae, testis, adrenals, and intestinal loops. This is probably a case of separated fetus-in- fetu that showed unusually well-developed internal organs. PMID- 6540050 TI - Changes in the term mouse placenta associated with maternal alcohol consumption and fetal growth deficits. AB - Primiparous mice were fed alcohol in their drinking water as 0%, 10%, 15%, 20% (v/v) solutions on days 11 through 18 of gestation. Based on blood alcohol levels and on locomotor and health impairments, these treatment groups represent situations of mild, moderate, and severe alcohol abuse. There were significant alcohol-related fetal growth deficits but no increase in fetal mortality or malformation. Placental weight was reduced with increasing alcohol intake. Histologic examination of the placenta revealed an increase in the frequency and severity of intravascular coagulation of maternal erythrocytes in the labyrinth and advanced degenerative changes in the basal zone of alcohol-exposed placentas. These observations suggest that both the vascular and the endocrine functions of the placenta are compromised in alcohol-consuming dams. PMID- 6540051 TI - Incipient hemangioblastoma of the optic disk. PMID- 6540052 TI - Effects of ammonium chloride on resorption of fetal rat bones in organ culture. AB - Ammonium chloride, a known inhibitor of lysosomal function, was found to be a rapid and potent inhibitor of 45Ca release from fetal rat bones in organ culture. The response to parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2 was inhibited in a dose related, reversible fashion. The activity of the lysosomal enzyme beta glucuronidase in the medium closely paralleled 45Ca release. Ammonium chloride may now be added to the list of antilysosomal agents that inhibit bone resorption in vitro. PMID- 6540053 TI - Prolactin profiles during estrous cycle and pregnancy in hamster as measured by homologous RIA. AB - The development of a homologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of serum hamster prolactin (PRL) has facilitated our studies on monitoring the secretion patterns of this hormone during different states of reproduction. Four salient findings emerge from the present studies. First, rapid cardiac puncture without anesthesia does not affect serum PRL levels during selected times in the estrous cycle or during pregnancy. Second, serum PRL levels during the estrous cycle describe a daily rhythm of PRL release with maximum serum concentrations each day occurring in the afternoon and the highest of these occurring on proestrus (day 4 of cycle). Third, PRL release during pregnancy is characterized by a single surge each day; although the time of maximum PRL release varies, levels increase during the hours of darkness and decline to basal during the light. Fourth, the amount of PRL released during pregnancy diminishes with time; on day 15 the total amount of PRL in the serum is less than 10% of that measured on day 5. PMID- 6540054 TI - Secretion of colonic isozyme of lysozyme in association with cecotrophy of rabbits. AB - The relation between the rabbit gastrointestinal (colonic) isozyme of lysozyme and the unique circadial coprophagic behavior of rabbits, termed "cecotrophy," was investigated. We found that lysozyme activity was very low in all segments of the rabbit gastrointestinal tract proximal to the fusus coli. However, the distal or nonsacculated colon, located distal to the fusus coli, had very high lysozyme activity throughout. It was determined, furthermore, that the lysozyme in the wall of the nonsacculated colon was secreted circadially into the colonic lumen in association with the circadial production of soft feces that were destined for reingestion by cecotrophy. The colonic lysozyme, therefore, was transferred to the stomach. These observations suggest that rabbit colonic lysozyme may have a possible function in the upper gastrointestinal tract and be analogous to ruminant abomasal-duodenal lysozyme. PMID- 6540055 TI - Effect of a purified atrial natriuretic factor on rat and rabbit vascular strips and vascular beds. AB - Rat atrium cardiocytes contain a powerful natriuretic and diuretic peptide that has been localized in the specific granules. This atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) produced a potent, dose-dependent relaxant effect on rabbit and rat arterial strips previously made to contract by application of either norepinephrine (NE) or angiotensin II. The effect was not seen if KCl was used as contractile agent or under any conditions with rabbit mesenteric strips. After the application of ANF the vascular strips were refractory to subsequent stimulation by either NE or angiotensin II. The infusion of ANF into a high-resistance isolated perfused rat kidney produced a rapid decrease (33 +/- 5 mmHg) in perfusion pressure that lasted for 18 +/- 3 min. This effect was not seen in the isolated rat mesenteric arterial preparation, even when the perfusion pressure was raised by the infusion of NE. These effects of ANF on vascular smooth muscle are not mediated by prostaglandins, by alpha- and beta-adrenergic and muscarinic receptors, or by an impairment of Ca2+ influx, but they are mimicked by sodium nitroprusside. A low- and a high-molecular-weight ANF produced the same effects. The existence of specific receptive sites for these peptides is suggested. PMID- 6540056 TI - [Follow-up of the changes in sexual disorders in men suffering from neuroses treated with Kremuchna Bania mineral waters at Velingrad health resort]. PMID- 6540057 TI - A simple micromethod for rapid kinetic analyses of yeast enzymes in situ. AB - A simple approach for rapid assay of enzymes in large numbers of samples of whole cells of yeast is described. The technique involves treatment of yeast cells with toluene dissolved in ethanol (1:4, v/v; TE), rendering them selectively permeable to small molecules, while letting the enzymes remain intracellular and catalytically active but accessible to exogenously added assay reagents. The permeated cell preparations permit rapid assay of nitrate reductase activity in situ [P. V. Choudary and G. Ramananda Rao (1976) Current Sci. 45, 324-327]. Investigation of enzyme kinetic parameters such as pH optima, temperature dependence, and substrate saturation, which involves several samples and needs to be investigated very rapidly and accurately, is greatly facilitated by permeated cells prepared from a very small culture of cells, eliminating the need for elaborate preparations of cell extracts. By using permeabilized cell preparations, the need to supplement the reaction mixture with expensive cofactors can also be obviated to a large extent. Further, the enzyme activity displays a broader range of tolerance in situ to variations in reaction conditions compared to that in vitro. Permeabilized cell preparations thus seem to present the enzymes in the form of relatively less disintegrated functional complexes, making them a valuable tool in biochemical and cell biological investigations, and facilitate the correlation of in vitro data with the in vivo phenomena more confidently. PMID- 6540058 TI - A miniature molecular-sieving column assay for cytoplasmic vitamin A-binding proteins. AB - Cytoplasmic vitamin A-binding proteins were measured by a method using centrifugation of gel-exclusion columns and compared to the sucrose gradient method. The gel-exclusion method analyzed 18 samples simultaneously on one table top centrifuge, while the sucrose gradient method required use of three ultracentrifuges to process 18 samples simultaneously. Multiple 2-min low-speed centrifugations of test cytosol applied to miniature molecular-sieving columns was a faster (1/2 the working time for 18 samples), more convenient, and more accurate method for measuring cytoplasmic vitamin A-binding proteins than was the sucrose gradient method. Using the same cytosol and [3H]retinoid preparations, the rapid gel-exclusion method results were only slightly lower than those obtained by radioimmunoassay but 50% higher than the values obtained by the sucrose gradient assay. The methodology described may be useful not only for cytoplasmic vitamin A-binding proteins but also for other similar binding protein assays. PMID- 6540059 TI - Glycoconjugates in the reproductive system of female rabbits in physiological estrogenic conditions. AB - Glycopeptide fractions were isolated from the uteri and oviducts of female rabbits in physiological estrogenic conditions. Both from the uterus and the oviduct considerably heterogeneous heteropolysaccharides were extracted, formed by hexoses, hexosamines, fucose, sialic acid, uronic acids and sulphates. During the estrus stage an increase is found in all glucide components, except for sialic acid, which, on the contrary, decreases. This decrease has been explained on the basis of histochemical data obtained in previous researches. PMID- 6540060 TI - Treatment of metritis with antibiotics or prostaglandin F2 alpha and influence of ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. AB - From 4 dairy herds with a high prevalence of metritis, 153 cows with clinical metritis diagnosed at 30 days after calving were allotted randomly to 3 groups: (1) intrauterine antibiotics (chloramphenicol, framycetin) given in 3 doses, 1 week between doses (n = 53); (2) prostaglandin F2 alpha given IM in 2 doses, 14 days between doses (n = 61); and (3) control cows given a placebo (n = 39). To further evaluate the efficiency of the treatments, uterine swabs were prepared from 59 of the cows; Corynebacterium pyogenes was isolated in 51% of the cows. All isolated bacteria were susceptible to chloramphenicol and 85% to neomycin and related antibiotics (framycetin). The overall clinical recovery rates, estimated by 60 days after parturition, were identical (49%) in the 2 treated groups vs 33% in controls. The mean interval from calving to conception was 147 days in the controls and was shortened by 16 days in group 1 and 24 days in group 2. The physiologic status, ie, ovarian cyclicity, was shown to exert a significant influence on the time required for recovery. On the average, anestrous cows recovered in 14 days and conceived 34 days later than did cycling cows. PMID- 6540061 TI - Comparison of uterine protein content and distribution of bacteria in the reproductive tract of mares after intrauterine inoculation of Haemophilus equigenitalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Two groups of 3 mares were inoculated with Haemophilus equigenitalis or Pseudomonas aeruginosa on the 1st day of estrus. Uterine flushing samples were recovered on day 3 of estrus and day 8 after ovulation for each cycle. Mares were killed 22, 25, and 30 days after inoculation with P aeruginosa and 45, 46, and 49 days after inoculation with H equigenitalis. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from the uterus of 2 mares 48 hours after inoculation. Although the initial flushing sample of 1 of these 2 mares had an increased total protein concentration, there appeared to be little difference between protein concentrations of other uterine flushing samples. Haemophilus equigenitalis was recovered from the uterus of each of the 3 mares at postmortem. One mare had a slight, purulent discharge from the vulva. Total protein values were not increased in flushing samples from this mare after inoculation with H equigenitalis. Total protein values decreased in the last flushing sample of each of the 2 remaining mares. Swabbing the uterus was more effective than was homogenizing the uterine mucosa in isolating H equigenitalis. PMID- 6540062 TI - Chemotactic properties and protein of equine uterine fluid. AB - Forty uterine fluid samples were obtained from 4 mares classified as resistant to uterine bacterial infection. The uterus of each mare was flushed with 50 ml of saline solution during estrus and diestrus of successive estrous cycles. Bacteria or fungi were isolated from 4 samples, and 7 additional samples were obtained from a mare with active intrauterine infection. Fluid volumes obtained during estrus (means = 40.3 +/- 11 ml) tended to be greater than those recovered during diestrus (means = 36.8 +/- 7.9 ml), but the difference was not significant. Concentrations and yields of protein in recovered fluid did not vary significantly with the day of the estrous cycle. Protein concentration was significantly increased in samples from the infected uterus (P = less than 0.001). The ability of uterine fluid samples to attract neutrophils was measured using chemotactic chambers. There was no significant difference between distances migrated by neutrophils toward fluids obtained during estrus or diestrus. Chemotaxis scores tended to be higher with samples from the infected uterus, and the difference was significant for samples from 2 mares. Chemotaxis was neither significantly correlated with protein concentration of uterine fluid, nor with serum estrogens or progesterone. PMID- 6540063 TI - Chronic macular edema in retinal branch vein occlusion: role of laser photocoagulation. AB - We used the monochromatic green argon laser to treat 41 eyes with retinal branch vein occlusion (RBVO) and decreased vision because of chronic macular edema of at least six months duration after the onset of RBVO. The average follow-up period after treatment was 19 months. Cystoid macular edema (CME) occurred in 34 eyes and noncystoid macular edema in seven eyes. In eyes with chronic CME we decreased intracapillary pressure in the portion of the macula drained by the occluded vein by segmental retinal arteriolar narrowing using photocoagulation to the retinal arterioles that perfused the involved portion of the macula. Partial or complete resolution of macular edema occurred in 27 eyes. Vision improved in 19 eyes and was stabilized in seven eyes. In eyes with chronic noncystoid macular edema treatment consisted of focal closure of leaking microaneurysms and retinal telangiectasias with photocoagulation. Closure of these leaking vessels associated with partial or complete resorption of hard exudates that had accumulated in the macula secondary to the leakage occurred in six of the seven photocoagulated eyes. Vision improved in four eyes and was stabilized in two eyes. PMID- 6540064 TI - Generalized seizure occurring with argon laser photocoagulation. AB - Ocular complications following laser therapy are well known. Systemic complications following laser treatment are rare. This article reports on a patient who had a generalized convulsive reaction at the time of laser therapy. The possible causative factors that may have contributed to his seizure are examined. Recommendations for anticipating this event are presented. PMID- 6540065 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation for posteriorly located perforating injuries. AB - The use of laser photocoagulation in the management of perforating scleral wounds with intraocular foreign body, is described along with the benefit of such treatment. PMID- 6540066 TI - Excessive twinning in a rural American genealogy. AB - A family record of 1693 descendants in rural Missouri exhibits a twinning rate of 2 X 2%. Weinberg's Differential Rule estimates the level of monozygosity in this twin sample at 61-83%, unlike previous results dominated by dizygosity . These historical data cannot directly support a genetic basis for monozygosity though. Clinical studies seem the best solution to the genetics of twinning. PMID- 6540067 TI - Effect of water activity and temperature on mycotoxin production by Alternaria alternata in culture and on wheat grain. AB - Both water activity (aW) and temperature affected the production of altenuene (AE), alternariol (AOH), and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) by Alternaria alternata on wheat extract agar and wheat grain. Greatest production of all three mycotoxins occurred at 0.98 aW and 25 degrees C on both substrates. At 0.98 aW and 25 degrees C, a single colony of A. alternata grown on wheat extract agar produced 807 micrograms of AOH, 603 micrograms of AME, and 169 micrograms of AE ml in 30 days. However, production of all three mycotoxins at 0.95 aW was less than 40% of these amounts. Little toxin was produced at 0.90 aW. Changing temperature and aW altered the relative amounts of the different toxins produced on agar. At 15 degrees C and 0.98 aW, maxima of 52 micrograms of AOH and 25 micrograms of AME per ml were produced after 15 and 30 days, respectively, whereas AE continued to increase and reached 57 micrograms/ml after 40 days. At 15 degrees C and 0.95 aW, production was, respectively, 62, 10, and 5 micrograms/ml after 40 days. All three metabolites were produced at 5 degrees C and 0.98 to 0.95 aW and at 30 degrees C and 0.98 to 0.90 aW. On wheat grain at 25 degrees C and 0.98 to 0.95 aW, more AME was produced than AOH or AE, but at 15 degrees C there was less AME than AOH or AE. Only trace amounts of AE, AOH, and AME were found at 15 to 25 degrees C and 0.90 aW, but production of AME was inhibited at 30 degrees C and 0.95 aW or less. PMID- 6540068 TI - Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean cells: elicitor induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mRNAs and correlation with phytoalexin accumulation. AB - A glucan elicitor from cell walls of the fungus Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, a pathogen of soybean (Glycine max), induced large and rapid increases in the activities of enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and of the flavonoid pathway, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and chalcone synthase, in suspension-cultured soybean cells. The changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase activities were correlated with corresponding changes in the mRNA activities encoding these enzymes, as determined by enzyme synthesis in vitro in a mRNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate. The time courses of the elicitor-induced changes in mRNA activities for both enzymes were very similar with respect to each other. Following the onset of induction, the two mRNA activities increased significantly at 3 h, reached highest levels at 5 to 7 h, and subsequently returned to low values at 10 h. Similar degrees of induction of mRNA activities and of the catalytic activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase were observed in response to three diverse microbial compounds, the glucan elicitor from P. megasperma, xanthan, an extracellular polysaccharide from Xanthomonas campestris, and endopolygalacturonase from Aspergillus niger. However, whereas the glucan elicitor induced the accumulation of large amounts of the phytoalexin, glyceollin, in soybean cells, endopolygalacturonase induced only low, albeit significant, amounts; xanthan did not enhance glyceollin accumulation under the conditions of this study. This result might imply that enzymes other than phenylalanine ammonia-lyase or chalcone synthase exert an important regulatory function in phytoalexin synthesis in soybean cells. PMID- 6540069 TI - [Influence of methylprednisolone on antitumor effect of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II)]. AB - To elucidate the influence of methylprednisolone (MPL) on the antitumor effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (CDDP), experimental chemotherapy of CDDP with or without MPL was performed. A human breast carcinoma, MX-1 serially transplanted into nude mice was treated with CDDP in doses of 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg in schedule of q4d X 3 ip. KKN-1, a syngeneic fibrosarcoma of BALB/c transplanted into BALB/c +/+ or BALB/c nu/nu mice, was treated with CDDP in doses of 3 or 6 mg/kg in schedule of qd X 1 ip. In the combination of MPL, 20 mg of MPL per kg was administered ip three hours before CDDP treatment. Although some decrease of antitumor effect of CDDP was observed by combination with MPL, no statistically significant difference was noted between group given CDDP alone and those given CDDP plus MPL. It was concluded that the use of MPL is reasonable to prevent the severe emesis caused by CDDP when this adverse effect is resistant to other antiemetic agents. PMID- 6540070 TI - [Extracorporeal systemic hyperthermia and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum for treatment of patients with advanced cancer]. AB - Extracorporeal systemic hyperthermia was effective in removing pleural effusion or ascites and for pain relief in patients with advanced cancer. The administration of cisplatin was combined with hyperthermia. Partial remission was noted in 18% of the cases. With the use of cisplatin dosage over 1 mg/kg, approximately 50% of cases showed effective results. Cisplatin dosage should be 1.6mg/kg or more when combined with hyperthermia. Renal failure was the most common complication. PMID- 6540071 TI - Long term follow up of newborns tested with the auditory response cradle. AB - The auditory response cradle is being used in a mass hearing screening project. Babies are assessed in the first week after birth by the fully automatic, microprocessor controlled cradle. The test, lasting from two to 10 minutes, compares physiological auditory responses to natural behaviour measured in control trials. More than 5000 babies have been tested and full follow up information at the age of 7 to 9 months is available from over two thirds of these. Less detailed information is available for 71% and 64% of those babies who have been followed up at 18 months and three years of age respectively. A total of 439 of 5553 neonates tested failed the first screening test. Eighty eight (1 X 6%) failed a second screening test while still in the maternity unit but 61 of these were subsequently shown to be normal, giving a false positive rate of 1 X 1%. The babies who failed the screening tests included 9 with sensorineural hearing loss, three with secretory otitis media, and three with abnormal auditory brain stem response tests. One child who passed the initial screening tests was found to have a moderately severe hearing loss at the age of 18 months. PMID- 6540072 TI - Effect of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate on saliva cortisol concentrations. AB - Serial saliva cortisol measurements were used to assess pituitary-adrenal function in a group of asthmatic children treated with beclomethasone dipropionate (400 micrograms daily). Asthmatic children who were not being treated with steroids and normal children were also studied for comparison. A diurnal cortisol rhythm was observed in all three groups. Early morning cortisol concentrations were significantly higher in the group treated with beclomethasone dipropionate than in the normal children; this may indicate a stress induced response to decreased morning peak expiratory flow. In both groups, plasma and salivary cortisol responses after adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation test were normal but peak cortisol concentrations showed a 7 fold increase over basal values in saliva compared with a three fold increase in plasma. Beclomethasone dipropionate does not suppress pituitary-adrenal function in children when used in recommended doses. Serial measurement of the salivary cortisol concentration is a simple, safe, and sensitive method for the routine monitoring of adrenal function in children treated with this steroid. Monitoring may be supplemented with an assessment of the adrenal response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone stimulation, if necessary. PMID- 6540073 TI - Experimental toxocariasis in mice and its effect on their behaviour. AB - When compared to uninfected controls, mice infected with second-stage larvae of Toxocara canis exhibited: (1) impaired motor performance, (2) increased ambulatory activity, (3) a greater relative preference for more exposed areas and (4) a greater overall preference for novel environments. The infected mice also appeared to show less approach-avoidance conflict and seemed less cautious when presented with novel stimuli. These behavioural differences were independent of measures of general health. Possible explanations for the observed behavioural deficits are discussed. Such alterations in behaviour may be implicated in the continuation of the life-cycle of this parasite by making mouse paratenic hosts more liable to capture and subsequent ingestion by canids, the definitive hosts of T. canis. PMID- 6540074 TI - [Bilateral galactocele in an infant]. AB - The authors report a case of a 2 month-old male baby with bilateral mammary gland swelling diagnosed as galactocele that resolved after simple puncture. Galactocele, or milk filled mammary gland cyst, is a possible complication of the neonatal genital crisis, but may also appear after the first months of life. This condition has been described only in males and was rarely noted in the literature. It should be considered as one of the possible causes of infantile gynecomastia. PMID- 6540075 TI - [Purulent pleurisy, esophagopleural fistula and presence of Torulopsis glabrata in the pleura]. AB - The authors report the simultaneous discovery of a septic pleural effusion and an esophagopleural fistula in a 4 year-old patient. The yeast Torulopsis glabrata found in the pleural effusion does not seem to behave as a pathogen but more likely as a witness of a fistula between the gastrointestinal tract and the pleura. PMID- 6540076 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in pregnancy. PMID- 6540077 TI - Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis syndrome: probable cause. PMID- 6540078 TI - Mastoid pneumatization. Evidence of the environmental theory. AB - Forty-one randomized, otherwise healthy children with tympanometry were observed from birth until the age of 6 years. At a total of 13 trials, tympanometry and otoscopy were performed. The tympanometric profile was correlated to the size of the mastoid air cell system, as determined by planimetric measurement of roentgenograms taken at age 6 years. There was a notable correlation between the size of the cell system and the tympanometric profile. Thus, the least affected ears with mostly normal or slightly abnormal tympanometry had considerably larger cell systems than the most affected ears with secretory otitis and tubal dysfunction. The findings support the environmental theory of pneumatization. PMID- 6540079 TI - Eustachian tube obstruction after provocative nasal antigen challenge. AB - To test if allergic rhinitis is associated with abnormal eustachian tube function (ET), juvenile rhesus monkeys were passively sensitized with serum samples from patients allergic to timothy grass or ragweed pollen. Tympanostomy tubes were inserted for direct measurement of ET function by inflation-deflation and forced response testing before and after provocative intranasal challenge. Intranasal challenge with pollen (antigen) resulted in rhinorrhea and nasal obstruction. Slight increases in passive ET function values and significantly impaired active ET function were observed after antigen challenge. No changes in nasal airway patency or active ET function resulted from control nonantigen pollen challenges. These data complement our studies in man and support the use of this model to evaluate the relationships among allergic rhinitis, ET function and middle ear disease. PMID- 6540080 TI - The clinico-pathology of a malignant catarrhal fever syndrome in the Indonesian swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AB - Between September 1979 and May 1982, 50 of 177 swamp buffaloes became sick and died 83 to 719 days (mean 271) after being transferred to a research facility and housed in quarters adjacent to where sheep and goats were kept. The major clinical signs were anorexia, fever, conjunctivitis, scleral hyperaemia, ocular discharge, hyperaemia of skin, enlargement of lymph nodes and depression. Postmortem and histopathological lesions were observed in most of the tissues and organs of the body. A vasculitis with adventitial mononuclear cell infiltration and lymphoreticular reactions suggested a relationship to malignant catarrhal fever. The occurrence of serofibrinous epicarditis and myocarditis, which was seen in buffaloes in all cases, has not been a common finding in ruminants with malignant catarrhal fever. PMID- 6540081 TI - Prevalence of congenital abnormalities in pigs. AB - The prevalence of congenital defects in piglets in a large intensive piggery was determined by autopsy examination of piglets dying in the first week of life and from records kept by the farm staff. A total of 1908 piglets was examined at autopsy and 14,535 were born over the period of the survey. The prevalence of defects on this farm was estimated to be 2.9% of all piglets born, and at least one piglet with a congenital defect was found in 17.4% of litters. Of the piglets dying in the first week 9.5% had a defect and of these 8% had multiple anomalies. The mean litter size at birth for litters with a malformed piglet was 10.9 compared with 9.9 for litters without a malformed piglet. The total preweaning loss in litters containing a malformed pig was higher (29.8%) than that in litters without malformations (17.4%). The antepartum and parturient deaths in litters with a malformed piglet were 35% higher than normal litters. Parturient and anteparturient deaths amounted to 7.5% of piglets born and the total preweaning mortality was 19.9%. Sixty-six per cent of these mortalities occurred within the first week of life. The litter size at birth increased with parity as did the prevalence of litters containing malformed piglets. Neonatal loss was about 2 pigs per litter for all parities. Litter size at birth in litters containing a malformed pig was consistently higher by one pig per litter from all parities, but parturient (7.1%) and anteparturient (1.4%) deaths were also higher in these litters than in litters without malformations (5.1% and 1.2% respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540082 TI - Observations on spiral deviation of the penis in beef bulls. AB - Premature spiral deviation of the penis was investigated in 1083 British breed beef bulls in 42 herds in Victoria (35) and Western Australia (7) by means of the serving capacity test. The herd prevalence was 60%. The prevalence of the defect at the initial test for all bulls was 10%. The prevalence in 635 polled bulls was 16% compared to a prevalence of 1% in 448 horned bulls. The breed prevalence and the number of bulls tested per breed was Red Poll 27% (15), Murray Grey 25% (4), Poll Shorthorn 21% (34), Angus 17% (415), Poll Hereford 10% (167) and Hereford 1% (448). The difference between the last 2 breed types was highly significant (P less than 0.001). The prevalence of the defect increased from 0 to 30% over 9 years in one Victorian herd. The age of affected bulls varied from 2 to 11 years with most affected bulls aged from 3 to 6 years. Common ancestry was found between affected bulls in Western Australia, providing circumstantial evidence that it may be an inherited defect. None of the 103 affected bulls examined in this study had suffered obvious injury to the penis or prepuce. Eighty per cent of 56 affected bulls from Victoria had low serving capacity. Four bulls (2 from each state) with moderate to severe spiral deviation of the penis attained pregnancy rates of 43%, 33%, 3% and 3% respectively, in single sire mating trials. Recommendations for culling defective bulls are presented, based on the herd prevalence and severity of the defect in individual bulls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540083 TI - The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on enzyme activities of the energy supplying metabolism and the alcohol-aldehyde oxidizing system in rat hearts. AB - We investigated in rat hearts if chronic alcohol consumption causes an enzymatic adaption of the energy-supplying metabolism and/or of the alcohol-aldehyde metabolizing system. 16 rats were pair-fed with a liquid diet for 10 weeks. Ethanol was added to this diet to amount for 35% of calories in eight rats and was isocalorically replaced by saccharose in the control group. Selected enzyme activities of the glycolysis, the glycogenolysis, the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, the citric acid cycle and the alcohol-aldehyde oxidizing system were determined in the supernatants of the homogenized hearts. The intracellular redox state was assessed by measurement of the myocardial nicotinamide coenzymes. Enzyme activities of the alcohol-aldehyde metabolizing system did not alter after chronic alcohol intake. As we found that the capacity to oxidize acetaldehyde was much higher than the ability to oxidize ethanol we must question the role of acetaldehyde in inducing alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Chronic ethanol treatment significantly increased the activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and decreased the activity of glycogen phosphorylase. The impairment of the hydroxyacylCoA dehydrogenase was not significant. The other measured enzyme activities did not alter, nor the intracellular redox state. The enzymatic adaption indicates an impaired glycogenolysis, an increased glycolysis, and probably a diminished beta-oxidation of fatty acids. We expect that the measurement of the responding enzyme activities in human endomyocardial biopsies should be a good tool to further classify cardiomyopathies according to biochemical criteria. PMID- 6540084 TI - Progesterone receptor characterized by photoaffinity labelling in the plasma membrane of Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - R 5020 (17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) is a synthetic analogue of progesterone, which is the physiological hormone that reinitiates germinal vesicle breakdown in Xenopus laevis oocytes. U.v.-driven photoaffinity labelling experiments were conducted with [3H]R 5020 in oocyte subcellular fractions, and covalently bound radioactivity was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. In P-10000 (the pellet sedimenting between 1000 and 10000 g and which contains plasma membrane), a major radioactive band migrating as a 30kDa peptide was found. Non-radioactive progesterone competed with the [3H]R 5020 labelling of this fraction, but not with the labelling of minor [3H]R 5020-binding fractions. It displayed the required characteristics of a specific progesterone-binding membrane 'receptor', postulated from previous studies with intact oocytes and with cell-free P-10000 preparations of membrane-bound adenylate cyclase. The apparent Ki of approx. 4 microM for progesterone was compatible with the active concentration of the hormone. Binding specificity, as determined in competition studies, was highly correlated with the germinal vesicle breakdown activity of the steroids and analogues tested. The receptor was not found in the vitelline envelope, in vitelline platelets, in melanosome-enriched or microsomal fractions, in cytosol, nor in germinal vesicles of oocytes. The properties of this membrane steroid receptor are different from those of the already known soluble intracellular steroid receptors, in particular regarding ligand binding specificity and subcellular distribution. PMID- 6540085 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. AB - The synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (8- 33AA ) inhibited adenylate cyclase activity in aorta washed particles, mesenteric artery, and renal artery homogenates in a concentration dependent manner with an apparent Ki between 0.1 to 1nM . The extent of inhibition of adenylate cyclase by ANF varied from tissue to tissue. The adenylate cyclase from mesenteric artery and renal artery was inhibited to a greater extent as compared to that from aorta. ANF was also able to inhibit the stimulatory effects of hormones on adenylate cyclase activity and of agents such as F- and forskolin which activate adenylate cyclase by receptor- independent mechanism. In addition, ANF showed an additive effect with the inhibitory response of angiotensin II on adenylate cyclase from rat aorta. These studies for the first time demonstrate that ANF is an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase of several systems. PMID- 6540086 TI - A pioneer synthesis of conjugates of a thymic peptide hormone and polyamines. AB - To synthesize peptidic derivatives of polyamines, sequential reactions were designed for the polyfunctional peptides and polyfunctional amines which utilize specific protection and deprotection. Utilizing these reactions, a thymic nonapeptide, a lymphocyte-differentiating hormone, was coupled with spermidine and spermine to yield, respectively: Glp-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn NH(CH2)3NH(CH2)4NH2; Glp-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-Gly-Ser-Asn-NH(CH2)3NH-(CH2)4NH(CH2) 3NH2. Both conjugates inhibited rather than stimulated incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA at levels 20-fold that of spermine. This activity is less than that based on the percent of the spermine moeity (ca. 20%) in the conjugate. PMID- 6540087 TI - Physico-chemical properties and stabilities of a new positive inotropic agent, 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl] -2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC 8212). AB - 3,4-Dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- qu inolinone ( OPC -8212), a new positive inotropic agent, was examined to clarify its physico chemical properties, i.e. elemental analysis, melting point, spectra (UV, IR, NMR, MS), X-ray diffraction pattern, thermal analysis, solubilities, pKa, partition coefficient and chromatography (HPLC, TLC). Some degradation products of OPC -8212 were identified in acidic and basis solutions. OPC -8212 was determined by nonaqueous titration. PMID- 6540088 TI - Effects of 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl] -2(1H) quinolinone (OPC-8212), a new inotropic agent, on cardiotonic activity and coronary hemodynamics. AB - Cardiotonic activity and chronotropic effect of a new positive inotropic agent, 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- qu inolinone ( OPC -8212), were studied in isolated canine hearts eliminating the secondary effect due to neurohumoral alterations. Positive inotropic action of OPC -8212 was dose-dependent and its potency was equivalent to about 1/10(5) of isoprenaline (isoproterenol). However, the duration of action was two to three times longer than that of isoprenaline, and arrhythmogenic activity was not observed at any dose studied. An index of inotropic state, Emax, was increased by this agent even under the blockade of beta-adrenoceptors, indicating that the positive inotropic effect of this agent is not due to a stimulation of beta adrenoceptors. the ventricular relaxation rate was enhanced dose-dependently in similar extent to the equivalent dose of isoprenaline. Effects of this agent on coronary blood flow (CBF) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) were also assessed in open chest dogs, eliminating secondary increases in these parameters due to an increase in mechanical load or heart rate. OPC -8212 increased MVO2 significantly even without significant alterations in heart rate and LV pressure. These increases both in CBF and MVO2 were similar to those of isoprenaline while arterio-venous difference in oxygen content was not affected by OPC -8212. Thus, we conclude that the efficiency of myocardial oxygenation of OPC -8212 is similar to that of isoprenaline and a direct coronary vasodilatory effect of this agent is minimal. PMID- 6540089 TI - Effects of a new positive inotropic agent, 3,4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quinolinone (OPC-8212) and its solvent sulfolane on isolated heart preparations of the rat, guinea pig, and dog. AB - 3,4-Dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- qu inolinone ( OPC -8212) has positive inotropic effects in guinea pig and dog isolated heart preparations. The rat heart ventricle does not respond to OPC -8212 but the atria do. OPC -8212 produces positive inotropic effects in the rat heart ventricle made hypodynamic by pretreatment with calcium entry blockers. Sulfolane , the solvent of OPC -8212, produced negative inotropic effects in most preparations. In isolated heart preparations of the rat and guinea pig, OPC -8212 produced increased coronary flow; sulfolane had only minor effects. PMID- 6540090 TI - Electro-mechanical effects of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1 piperazinyl]-2(1H)-qu inolinone (OPC-8212), a new positive inotropic agent. Isolated adult canine Purkinje strands and ventricular trabeculae. AB - The electrical and mechanical effects of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quin olinone ( OPC -8212), a new, non-glycosidic, positive inotropic agent, were examined in isolated adult canine purkinje strands and ventricular trabeculae. In isolated adult canine ventricular trabecular muscle, compound OPC -8212 increased force development in a concentration dependent manner. OPC -8212 produced a concurrent increase in trabecular muscle transmembrane action potential durations measured at both 50% and 90% of repolarization. In isolated adult canine Purkinje strand preparations, compound OPC -8212 did not exhibit a positive inotropic effect. Compound OPC -8212 did, however, produce a concentration-dependent increase in Purkinje fiber transmembrane action potential durations that was proportionally greater than that observed in the trabecular muscle preparations. The effects of OPC -8212 on adult canine isolated Purkinje fiber and ventricular muscle electrical and mechanical characteristics are unlike those that have been reported for other drugs that increase myocardial inotropy; i.e. cardiac glycosides, catecholamines, amrinone, or phosphodiesterase inhibitors. PMID- 6540091 TI - Effect of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)-qu inolinone (OPC-8212) on the membrane currents of rabbit sino-atrial node cells. AB - The effects of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quin olinone ( OPC -8212) (5-30 micrograms/ml) on membrane potential and currents were studied by the voltage clamp technique, using small rabbit sinoatrial node preparations. OPC -8212 induced only slight changes in the action potential configuration. A high dose decreased the amplitude and the duration of the action potential and slightly hyperpolarized the maximum diastolic potential. Sinus rate was decreased, but the change was statistically not significant. The maximum rate of rise of the action potential increased in a dose-dependent manner. In voltage clamp experiments, OPC -8212 increased the slow inward current (Is), but reduced the outward current (Ik) and the inward current activated by hyperpolarization (Ih). The degrees of the inactivation of Is (f infinity) and of the steady-state activation of Ik (p infinity) were unchanged against the voltage axis. These results suggest that the increase in Is caused by OPC -8212 could have been due to the increase in the conductance of Is, and the decrease in Ik, due to the reduction in the conductance of Ik. PMID- 6540092 TI - The effect of a new positive inotropic agent, 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)-qu inolinone (OPC-8212), on thin bundles of skinned fibers from cardiac muscle. AB - The effect of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quin olinone ( OPC -8212), a new positive inotropic agent, on the contractile system and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was examined by using thin bundles of chemically skinned fibers from ventricular trabeculae of the guinea pig and the African clawed toad. Sulfolane , the solvent of OPC -8212 used in the present experiments, slightly increased the Ca-sensitivity of the contractile system of cardiac skinned fibers, and decreased the maximum tension developed at high enough concentrations of Ca. OPC -8212 up to 300 mumol/l did not add any further effects. Initial rate of Ca uptake by the SR was not affected by 300 mummol /l OPC -8212 plus 0.6% sulfolane . The Ca-sensitivity of the Ca-induced Ca release mechanism in the SR was increased by 0.6% sulfolane but no further effect was observed by an addition of OPC -8212 up to 300 mumol/l. Thus, no direct effect of 300 mumol/l OPC -8212 per se was found on the contractile system or the SR. In view of these findings, the mechanism of positive inotropic action of OPC -8212 was discussed. PMID- 6540093 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1 piperazinyl]-2(1H)-qu inolinone (OPC-8212), a new positive inotropic drug. Enzyme activities and Ca2+ transport processes of sarcolemma and intracellular organelles. AB - 3,4-Dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quin olinone ( OPC 8212) is a new positive inotropic agent. In studies designed to elucidate information concerning its mechanism of action, its effect on Ca+ transport and related enzyme activities in sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were studied. OPC -8212 was found to have little or no effect on these processes. The mechanism of action therefore is clearly different from other known positive inotropic drugs. PMID- 6540094 TI - Positive inotropic effect of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoyl)-1 piperazinyl]-2(1H)-qu inolinone (OPC-8212) in the dog with experimentally-induced right-sided heart failure. AB - The efficacy of orally active 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1 piperazinyl]-2(1H)- quin olinone ( OPC -8212) as a positive inotropic agent was examined using model right-sided heart failure dogs and compared with those of dobutamine and amrinone. Heart failure was produced in beagle dogs by a combination of tricuspid insufficiency and pulmonary stenosis, and then drugs were administered intravenously or orally. Intravenous OPC -8212, 1 and 3 mg/kg, amrinone, 1 and 3 mg/kg, and dobutamine, 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg, increased the dP/dt of the right ventricular pressure for 5 to 10 min. These positive inotropic effects were accompanied by simultaneous increase in the heart rate in the cases of amrinone and dobutamine, and was accompanied by hypotension in the case of amrinone. However, OPC -8212 did not show such effects. This indicates that OPC 8212 has a relatively selective positive effect on cardiac contractility. Oral administration of OPC -8212, 10 to 100 mg/kg, and amrinone, 10 and 30 mg/kg, also showed a positive inotropic effect, appearing 1 h after administration and lasting up to the 5th h. Amrinone had about a 3 times stronger effect, but for similar positive inotropic effects, only amrinone showed positive chronotropic effect. The hypotensive effect of amrinone was also observed after oral administration, while such an effect was scarcely observed when using OPC -8212. PMID- 6540095 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a new positive inotropic agent, 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzoyl)-1-piperazinyl]-2(1H)-qu inolinone (OPC-8212), in the rat, rabbit, beagle dog and rhesus monkey. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 3, 4-dihydro-6-[4-(3,4- dimethoxybenzoyl )-1-piperazinyl] 2(1H)- quin olinone ( OPC -8212) were studied after the administration of 14C- OPC -8212 or OPC -8212 to animals of different species. After oral doses of 10 mg/kg of 14C- OPC -8212 to rats and beagle dogs, the Tmax, Cmax and T1/2 values of OPC -8212 were 4 h, 2995 ng eq/ml, and 3-4 h in rats and 1 h, 2244 ng eq/ml and 5-6 h in beagle dogs, respectively. After oral doses of 10 mg/kg of 14C- OPC 8212 to rats, the radioactivity was distributed comparatively widely in the tissues. However, there was no evidence of accumulation of radioactivity in the tissues due to repeated oral doses of 10 mg/kg of 14C- OPC -8212 once a day for 21 days. After oral doses of 10 mg/kg of 14C- OPC -8212, the amounts of radioactivity excreted in the urine and feces in the first 72 h accounted for 29.25% and 60.24% of the dose in rats and 35.53% and 63.18% of the dose in beagle dogs, respectively. There were no apparent changes in the urinary and fecal excretions of radioactivity due to repeated oral doses of 10 mg/kg of 14C- OPC 8212 once a day for 21 days in rats. Biliary excretion of radioactivity was 22.41% of the dose after oral doses of 10 mg/kg 14C- OPC -8212 in rats. Enterohepatic circulation was 22.04% of the dose after an intraduodenal dose in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540096 TI - The affinities of benzodiazepines to the transport protein of glucose in human erythrocytes. AB - By kinetic analysis we estimated that all the 16 benzodiazepines investigated are inhibitors of the glucose uptake in human erythrocytes; their affinities, however, differ remarkably. The individual KI values ranged over 2 orders, the partition coefficients in a mixture of octanol/water over 3 orders of magnitude. Thus, the lipophilities of the benzodiazepines differ considerably; they don't agree with the trend of the KI values with exception of structurally very similar preparations. The thermodynamic parameters delta F degree, delta H degree and delta S degree for the association of the benzodiazepines to the transport protein were mostly of negative sign. From the results we discussed the importance of the chemical groupings for the inhibitory effect of the benzodiazepines on the glucose uptake as well as the mode of interaction between the benzodiazepines and the transport protein. Some parallels between the affinities of the benzodiazepines to the transport protein, to the serum albumin and to the receptors of the central nervous system were considered. PMID- 6540097 TI - The importance of drug ionization for the action of calcium-antagonists and related compounds. AB - pK-Values of Ca-antagonists and related cardiodepressive drugs have been measured by means of potentiometric microtitration. The presumable active species for all compounds investigated is the protonated molecule except nifedipine. This drug must exert its action via the uncharged form. From these results it could be concluded that protonization of ionizable nitrogen is one molecular prerequisite for voltage- or frequency dependence of action. Drug ionization does not correlate with the negative inotropic potency of the compounds investigated. PMID- 6540098 TI - Pharmacological studies of a series of dermorphin related pentapeptides. AB - Pharmacological activity in vitro and in vivo of 17 pentapeptide analogs of dermorphin (opioid heptapeptide) are reported. Substitutions of the Tyr5 residue afford dermorphin related pentapeptides which are likely to discriminate between mu- and delta-receptors. PMID- 6540099 TI - [Animal experimental studies on the pharmacology of a new anti-arrhythmic of the imino-cycloheptane series, stirocainide]. AB - The action of 2- benzal -1-(2'-diisopropyl-amino-ethoxy-imino)- cycloheptane hydrogenfumarate ( Stirocainide , Th 494) has been investigated on isolated guinea-pig atria and papillary muscles and on the circulation of the anaesthetized and conscious cat. Th 494 is characterized as a Na+-inhibitory antiarrhythmic agent in isolated atria and papillary muscles. 1-10 mumol/l Th 494 induces only a small increase in action potential duration in both preparations, whereas no change in resting potential or amplitude of the action potential is observed. The action on the maximal rate of rise of the action potential (Vmax) depends on the rate of stimulation ("use-dependence"), this effect being somewhat smaller in atria as compared to papillary muscles. The increase in threshold of alternating current induced arrhythmias and in functional refractory period is also smaller in atria. Isometric force of contraction is reduced by Th 494 in guinea-pig atria and papillary muscles to a greater extent than in rabbit and cat. In the anaesthetized cat 2 mg/kg Th 494 i.v. induces a transient decrease in heart rate and a decrease in the maximal rise of left ventricular pressure. In addition, 4 mg/kg i.v. induces a transient decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure as well as a broadening of the QRS complex in the ECG. High doses of 4 and 8 mg/kg, respectively, lead to arrhythmias and apnoea, 8 mg/kg to exitus. Atropine does not influence the action of Th 494. 2 and 4 mg/kg Th 494 do not alter the action of norepinephrine on heart and circulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540100 TI - [Effect of plant glycosides on resistance and capacitance vessels]. AB - In the anaesthetized cat, SCOA ( Miroton ), a product which contains extracts from Scilla , Convallaria , Oleander and Adonis , displays not only its well known positive inotropic effect but has also constrictor effects on veins when applied in intravenous doses of 21.5-100 GPU /kg ( GPU = guinea-pig units, i.e. cardiotoxic equivalents related to 1 g body weight of guinea-pigs). The latter effect differs in that it is somewhat more prolonged. With intraduodenal administration the doses required to achieve equal peak effects as with intravenous injection are about 4 times larger and this suggests a relatively good enteral availability in the cat. SCOA constricts not only veins but also arteries. However, this latter effect is comparatively small and occurs only after intraarterial infusion of high doses (9.1 and 91 GPU /min, respectively).- The cardiac glycosides contained in the drug product primarily account for its vasoactive qualities. The venous constrictor effect correlates with the guinea pig units. In qualitative respects, the pure glycosides cymarin , convallatoxin , proscillaridin , and scillaren exert equal effects. There is, however, evidence that the correlation between the effect on veins and on the heart differs for the glycosides tested. Based on equal guinea-pig units, the adonis extract, for instance, acts on capacitance vessels about twice as much as scilla , oleander and convallaria extracts. Cymarin , too, has a stronger effect on veins than would be expected from its cardiotoxic effect. The action on arteries and veins are based on different mechanism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540101 TI - Cardiac and hemodynamic effects of the centrally acting analgesics tramadol and pentazocine in anaesthetized rabbits and isolated guinea-pig atria and papillary muscles. AB - Cardio-hemodynamic and direct cardiac effects of 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2 (dimethylaminomethyl)- cyclohexan -1-ol (tramadol, Tramal ), and pentazocine were investigated in anaesthetized rabbits and in isolated guinea-pig atria and papillary muscles. Tramadol in anaesthetized rabbits at 1 and 4.64 mg/kg i.v. slightly increased arterial blood pressure and heart rate and at 10 mg/kg i.v. transiently decreased blood pressure, LV dp/dtmax and cardiac output and increased LV enddiastolic pressure. Pentazocine at 1 mg/kg i.v. increased blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance, while with 2.15 and 4.64 mg/kg exerted dose-dependent cardiodepressive effects with initial fall of blood pressure, heart rate, LV dp/dtmax and cardiac output and increase of LV enddiastolic pressure. In spontaneously beating atria and electrically driven papillary muscles tramadol in the concentration range from 1 X 10(-6)-1 X 10(-4) mol/l showed concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects which where abolished and reversed to negative inotropic actions in catecholamine-depleted papillary muscles. In contrast, pentazocine in the same concentration range showed pure negative inotropic and negative chronotropic effects which were intensified in catecholamine-depleted papillary muscles. These in vitro results suggest that both tramadol and pentazocine interact with endogenous catecholamines in a way counteracting direct negative inotropic effects. While in the case of tramadol the sum of both properties leads to positive inotropic effects at least in vitro, with pentazocine negative inotropic action prevails. PMID- 6540102 TI - Distribution of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol in the gravid rat and in the feto-placental unit of rhesus monkeys following intragastric administration of norethisterone acetate in combination with ethinylestradiol. I. Direct determinations. AB - The time course of the concentration of the 14C- and 3H-labelled substances and of unchanged norethisterone was determined in maternal plasma and selected tissues of the feto-placental unit after intragastric administration of a combination of 14C-norethisterone acetate (NET-Ac) and 3H-ethinylestradiol (EE2), respective commercial formulation: Ostro - Primolut , to pregnant rats. When given intragastrically in doses of 1 mg NET-Ac/kg and 0.002 mg EE2/kg both synthetic steroids were rapidly and completely absorbed. Highest concentrations of 14C-labelled substances were measured 0.5 h p. admin . in maternal and fetal tissues. Only approximately 1% of total radioactivity in maternal plasma (= 30 ng NET/ml) corresponded to unchanged norethisterone. Less than 1% of the dose administered passed the placental barrier. The maximum NET-levels in the fetuses amounted to 4 ng NET/g tissue. The highest levels of EE2-metabolites in the fetuses were found 2-5 h after administration with 34 pg EE2-equiv./g corresponding to only 0.15% of the dose administered in total fetuses. 14C- and 3H-radioactivity was eliminated from the fetuses with a similar or only a slightly lower rate than from the maternal organism. When administered intragastrically the twofold dose (2 mg NET-Ac/kg plus 0.004 mg EE2/kg) to pregnant rhesus monkeys maximum NET plasma levels of 40 ng/ml were observed after 2 h. Thereafter the NET plasma levels decreased with a half-life of 1.4 hours. The time course of NET concentrations in ovary and pituitary mirrored plasma levels whereas that in placenta and amniotic fluid paralleled plasma levels at a 30-50% and 3-15% niveau , respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540103 TI - Blood and organ concentrations of tetracycline and doxycycline in female mice. Comparison to males. AB - In mice treated with 50 micrograms/g i.v. tetracycline (TC) or doxycycline (DC), respectively, drug concentrations have been measured in serum, whole blood, liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, skeletal muscle and bones. TC reached especially high concentrations in liver, kidneys and bones. DC was initially trapped by lung tissue and accumulated in liver and kidneys. Liver concentrations were higher for TC, kidney concentrations were higher for DC. In some tissues, e.g. liver and kidneys, TC and DC reached higher concentrations in females than in males. PMID- 6540104 TI - Pharmacological investigations on lonidamine. AB - The results of a broad pharmacological screening on 1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl) methyl] -1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid ( lonidamine ) a new antitumour agent which also possesses antispermatogenic and embryotoxic effects, are reported. Lonidamine does not affect general behaviour and autonomic functions and is devoid of anticonvulsant, anti-reserpine, anti-apomorphine, anti-amphetamine, antitremor , antipyretic, antiinflammatory and analgesic effects. It also lacks those side effects which are considered characteristic of different antitumour agents, such as thymus and spleen atrophy, delay in skin wound healing and damage to the gastrointestinal mucosa. At doses 40 times higher than that of hydrochlorothiazide, lonidamine produces diuretic effects. The practical importance of these findings in the current therapeutic use of lonidamine appears to be limited. The most typical signs of acute intoxication produced by high doses of lonidamine are salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea, ataxia, muscle rigidity and prostration with superimposed convulsions. PMID- 6540105 TI - The effects of hypolipidemic agents derived from procetofenic acid on the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and on malonyl dialdehyde production of rat liver. AB - Male and female rats were treated with hypolipidemic agents derived from procetofenic acid, namely fenofibrate ( procetofene ), cholestyrammonium alpha-(4 p-chlorobenzoyl-phenoxy)-isobutyrate (Alfa-1081) and alpha-(4-p-chlorobenzoyl phenoxy)-isobutyryl-taurine (35/ipo). A marked decrease of liver superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was observed in the male rats treated with fenofibrate. In this sample a significant increase of malonyl dialdehyde was also detected when the liver homogenates were subjected to a test of lipid peroxidation induced by active oxygen species. Alfa-1081 and 35/ipo produced no substantial changes of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and no significant increase of peroxidation products. These results, while providing an in vivo evidence for the role of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase as antioxidant enzymes, indicate that hypolipidemic agents can affect also enzymes not bound to membranes as they do with peroxisomal enzymes. The side effect presented here may be harmful, since it can lead to an augmented risk of lipid peroxidation in tissues. It is, however, clear that also within the same class of hypolipidemic drugs the effect is not always present. Peroxidative damage should therefore be considered as a key parameter in the characterization of hypolipidemic agents. PMID- 6540106 TI - Effect of 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-s-triazine maleate (MN-1695) on gastric ulcers and gastric secretion in experimental animals. AB - The effect of 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-s-triazine maleate (MN-1695) on various experimental gastric ulcers and gastric secretion in experimental animals was compared with that of cimetidine and cetraxate. MN-1695 significantly inhibited the formation of Shay, stress-induced, indomethacin-induced, and histamine-induced ulcers and significantly accelerated the healing of acetic acid induced gastric ulcers. MN-1695 was much more effective in suppressing stress- and acetic acid-induced ulcers than indomethacin-induced, histamine-induced or Shay ulcers. Cimetidine was effective in preventing stress- and acetic acid induced ulcers but had no significant effect on Shay, indomethacin-induced and histamine-induced ulcers. Cetraxate was effective in preventing only stress induced ulcers and had almost no effect on other experimental ulcers. MN-1695 inhibited secretion of gastric juice, acid and pepsin in Shay rats, but had no influence on basal and secretagogue-stimulated acid secretion in the perfused stomach of urethanized rats. These findings suggest that MN-1695 is a new type of anti-ulcer agent. PMID- 6540108 TI - Phase I study of 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-s-triazine maleate (MN-1695), a new anti-ulcer agent. AB - A phase I study of 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-s-triazine (MN-1695), which is expected to have an anti-ulcer effect, was performed in 14 healthy male subjects. The safety and pharmacokinetics were examined in single-dose oral administration of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/body and multiple-dose administration of 2 mg/body/day, once daily, for 28 consecutive days. As for the subjective symptoms, only light headache, general malaise and heart burn were observed in two out of 4 subjects in the 16-mg group. No abnormalities were found in blood pressure, pulse rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, body weight and ECG both in single- and multiple-dose studies. No abnormal changes attributed to this drug appeared in hematological and biochemical examinations and urinalysis. Times for reaching the maximum plasma concentration in the single-dose study were 3.5, 8 and 3.3 h in 4 , 8- and 16-mg groups, respectively. The elimination half-lives from the plasma were 152, 145 and 148 h for the 3 groups, respectively. The plasma concentration curves in the multiple-dose study were similar to those simulated with the pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in the single-dose study. The plasma concentration increased until the 14th day, as the administration continued, and reached steady state thereafter; there seemed to be no abnormal cumulation. The elimination patterns after multiple-dose administration were almost the same as those in the single-dose study; the half-life was about 170 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540107 TI - Effect of 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-s-triazine maleate (MN-1695) on gastric mucosal blood flow in dogs. AB - The effect of 2,4-diamino-6-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-s-triazine maleate (MN-1695) on gastric mucosal blood flow ( GMBF ) and on the changes of GMBF induced by catecholamines, tetragastrin, histamine and indomethacin were investigated in anesthetized dogs. MN-1695 at doses up to 1 mumol/kg i.v. showed only a slight but prolonged increase of GMBF . MN-1695 tended to inhibit the decreases of GMBF induced by norepinephrine and the increase of GMBF induced by tetragastrin. The later phase of decreased GMBF induced by histamine was suppressed by MN-1695. However, MN-1695 had almost no effect on the increase of GMBF induced by epinephrine. MN-1695 produced a marked increase of antral mucosal blood flow which was reduced by pretreatment with indomethacin. Systemic blood pressure, respiration and the pressor responses induced by catecholamines and gastric secretagogues were not affected by MN-1695. These results suggest that MN-1695 may possess selective effects on the gastric mucosal microcirculation and that suppressive effects of MN-1695 on the GMBF decrease induced by ulcerogenic stimuli may be responsible for its anti-ulcer activities in various types of experimental gastric ulcers. PMID- 6540109 TI - Verapamil disposition and effect on PQ-intervals after buccal, oral and intravenous administration. AB - The absorption, pharmacokinetics and effect on PQ-intervals of verapamil (Isoptin) administered as buccal tablet (20 mg), oral capsule (80-120 mg) and as an intravenous injection (5 mg) have been determined in 7 healthy subjects. Hysteresis plots of the percentage change in PQ-interval and serum concentration indicate that the efficacy of verapamil after buccal and intravenous application, as in earlier findings with sublingual verapamil tablets, was higher than after oral application. Thus the serum concentration-response curve after oral application is displaced towards the right reflecting lower potency. This phenomenon has been attributed by other workers to a stereospecific metabolism of the more active L-isomer during first pass through the liver, but competition at the receptor with metabolites cannot yet be ruled out. The rate of absorption, T1/2(alpha), terminal elimination half-life T1/2(gamma), and tmax of the buccal tablet was not significantly different from the oral capsule. The absolute bioavailability of the buccal preparation (37%) was slightly greater than the oral capsule (33%) and both had higher bioavailability than observed in earlier studies on verapamil dragees (10-20%). Thus, although the buccal tablet was alkalinised and had a rapid disintegration in vitro, characteristics thought to increase buccal uptake, the bioavailability is still much less then 100%. PMID- 6540110 TI - Pharmacokinetics and the antiarrhythmic effect of mexiletine in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias. AB - A new antiarrhythmic agent, 1-(2,6- dimethylphenoxy )-2-aminopropane (mexiletine), was investigated in 10 patients with chronic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) to evaluate the antiarrhythmic efficacy and the pharmacokinetics after single intravenous, single oral and repeated oral dosings of mexiletine 150 mg. Mexiletine was well absorbed from the intestinal tract. The relative bioavailability was 83.2 +/- 8.9% (mean +/- S.E.). The time concentration curve of mexiletine fitted in well with two-compartment open model. Elimination half-life, volume of distribution and plasma clearance were 10.54 +/- 0.26 h, 2.10 +/- 0.49 l/kg, 6.01 +/- 0.63 ml/min/kg, respectively. The computer simulated time-concentration curves of multiple oral dosings , which were based on the kinetic parameters from single oral dosing, conformed well with measured concentrations. This might be applied to predict the plasma level of mexiletine. The steady state of plasma mexiletine level was reached 4-5 days after 450 mg/day dosings and ranged 0.75-2.18 micrograms/ml. In 6 of 10 patients, the frequency of PVCs was suppressed more than 75% as compared with the pre-medication value. Mexiletine was well tolerated at a dose of 450 mg/day. However, of 4 patients with the dose increased to 600 mg/day, the administration was ceased in three patients due to gastrointestinal symptoms and tremor. All of these adverse reactions disappeared when the administration was stopped. These results suggest that mexiletine is effective against ventricular arrhythmias and the dosage should be carefully adjusted. The prediction of plasma level would be applied to the dosage regimen of mexiletine. PMID- 6540111 TI - Pharmacokinetics and body distribution of amiodarone in man. AB - The concentrations of amiodarone (Cordarone) and desethylamiodarone in plasma after single oral and intravenous and long-term oral dosing were determined in seven normal subjects and 106 patients with various cardiac arrhythmias, respectively, using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The decline in amiodarone plasma concentration after a single intravenous 400 mg dose was described by a triexponential decay equation, with a mean terminal half-life (t1/2) of 34.5 h. Model independent parameters were calculated from the fits. Mean values for clearance and apparent volume of distribution were 14.7 +/- 7.2 l/h and 376 +/- 372 l. Following single oral doses of 400 mg, amiodarone plasma concentration time data were fitted in a triexponential function. The mean terminal half-life for amiodarone after oral dosage was 31.6 +/- 21.3 h. Amiodarone peak concentrations of 0.37 +/- 0.22 micrograms/ml were attained in 4.8 +/- 1.5 h. The bioavailability of oral amiodarone was only 31 +/- 26%, in part due to first-pass metabolism. Desethylamiodarone , the major metabolite of amiodarone, was present in plasma in very low levels of about 10 ng/ml in several volunteers after single intravenous or oral administration of amiodarone. The mean plasma amiodarone and desethylamiodarone levels in 106 patients, using a mean oral daily maintenance dosage of 440 +/- 253 mg for a mean period of 9.1 months, were 1.85 +/- 1.17 micrograms/ml and 1.35 +/- 0.71 micrograms/ml, respectively. The relationship between the steady state amiodarone and desethylamiodarone plasma concentrations and daily amiodarone maintenance dose in mg in 106 patients was investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540112 TI - Plasma concentrations of theophylline and quinine in healthy volunteers following oral administration of a fixed drug combination. AB - Theophylline and quinine plasma concentrations were determined in 4 healthy volunteers following oral administration of two tablets of Limptar . According to the recommended dose schedule the second tablet was administered 3 h after the first tablet. Peak concentrations of theophylline and quinine in the plasma were observed at 5.4 h (theophylline) and 5.1 h (quinine), respectively, following administration of the first tablet. Half-life of theophylline ranged from 7.2 to 15.4 h (9.4 +/- 4.4 h; mean +/- SD) and that of quinine from 5.4 to 27.2 h (14.4 +/- 9.2 h). Peak concentrations of theophylline in the plasma (7.5 +/- 1.6 micrograms/ml) are below those which are thought to produce concentration dependent side effects. Besides the superior therapeutic efficacy of the combination of quinine and theophylline compared to that of quinine alone, this combination seems to be favourable also from a pharmacokinetic point of view. PMID- 6540113 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a common disease with a good prognosis. PMID- 6540114 TI - Transient asymmetric ventricular septal hypertrophy in the newborn unassociated with maternal diabetes. AB - Severe hypertrophy of the interventricular septum was found by echocardiography in a 15 day old infant without symptoms whose mother was not diabetic. The electrocardiogram showed pronounced intraventricular conduction disturbances. Both echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings showed no abnormality after 27 months, the explanation for which could be the spontaneous regression of an intracardiac rhabdomyoma. PMID- 6540115 TI - Acute anterior uveitis and hepatitis B virus infection. AB - The aetiology of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in the great majority of cases is unclear. Various infective agents have been postulated, however, as playing a direct or indirect part in the disease process, possibly via an immune-complex vasculitis. In an earlier study we concluded that, contrary to a previous report, hepatitis B virus (HBV) played only a small role, if any, in the pathogenesis of uveitis in Great Britain. Since we did not look for other markers of HBV infection other than hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), it is possible that some cases of recent HBV infection may have been missed. In the present study 49 patients with AAU were tested for markers of hepatitis B infection. Sera from all patients tested were found to be negative for HBsAg and for antibody to the HBV core (anti-HBc), excluding HBV as a significant cause of AAU in this country. Since the quest for an infective agent in AAU may remain unproductive, future research on the aetiopathogenesis of AAU should include the study of tissue 'vulnerability' and the local and systemic immunoregulatory factors which modulate inflammatory responses. PMID- 6540116 TI - Vitamin A metabolism in chick liver: some properties of the cytosolic lipid protein aggregate. AB - Incubation of hepatic microsomes with retinol resulted in formation of retinyl esters and glucuronides. The presence of the cytosolic lipid-protein aggregate (LPA) in the system in addition induced release of holo-retinol-binding protein from the microsomes. The extent of these reactions was influenced by the addition of coenzyme A and ATP, or uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid. Incubation of hepatic microsomes containing labelled retinyl esters with the LPA resulted in the appearance of the labelled retinyl esters in the LPA. Small amounts of retinoic acid were formed on incubation of retinol with microsomes (approximately 1% of added retinol); this was found to be associated with a protein of approximately 14 500 molecular weight, and less than 10% was associated with the LPA. This is in contrast to retinol, which was found to be almost completely associated with the LPA. The cytosolic LPA was associated both with carotene cleavage activity and alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (EC 1.1.1.71) activity. These findings lend some support to the concept of a specific role for hepatic LPA. PMID- 6540117 TI - Abomasal emptying in sheep as related to the amount of protein entering the abomasum. AB - In sheep, provided with re-entrant cannulas in the caudal duodenum and with an infusion tube into the abomasal fundus, emptying of the liquid phase of the abomasal contents was studied with [57Co]EDTA. Radioactivity was measured continuously with Geiger-Muller counters placed along the re-entrant cannulas. It appeared that first-order kinetics could be applied to the elimination of [57Co]EDTA from the abomasum. Mean retention time of this label in the abomasum was 40-50 min. Infusion of a suspension of soya-bean protein in saline (9 g sodium chloride/l) caused an initially decreased rate of abomasal emptying, but after 48 h an adaptation had occurred to the original rate of emptying producing an increased volume of abomasal contents and increased flow-rate of digesta into the duodenum. PMID- 6540118 TI - The voluntary food intake by growing pigs of diets containing 'treated' rapeseed meals or extracts of rapeseed meal. AB - The intake by growing pigs of a diet containing British rapeseed meal (Brsm) extracted once with water was greater than that of a similar diet containing untreated Brsm, and a diet containing Brsm extracted twice with water was eaten more readily than one containing Brsm extracted once with water. Treatment of Brsm with slaked lime increased slightly its acceptability by growing pigs. The addition of a water extract of Brsm to a soya-bean meal (Sbm) diet reduced voluntary intake compared with the voluntary intake of the same Sbm diet with water added. Addition to the diet of a water extract passed through an anion exchange column increased food intake but if a cation exchange column was used there was no effect on intake. Treated rapeseed meals and extracts were analysed for glucosinolates, sinapine and tannins; the results indicated that glucosinolates rather than sinapine or tannin were associated with low feed intake. PMID- 6540119 TI - Chromatofocussing and centrifugal reconstitution as tools for the separation and characterization of the Na+-cotransport systems of the brush-border membrane. AB - Chromatofocussing was used for the separation of brush-border membrane proteins from calf kidney into 4 or 5 fractions over the pH range 4.0 to 7.4. These fractions were reconstituted into proteoliposomes by gradient centrifugation. Determination of the sodium-dependent solute uptake by proteoliposomes reconstituted from different chromatofocussed fractions showed that the sodium-D glucose cotransport system was present in the fraction eluted between pH 5.3 and 5.8, and that the sodium-phosphate cotransport was present in fractions eluted between pH 4.6 and 5.3 and between pH 5.8 and 6.6, sodium-alanine cotransport could be detected in almost all fractions. Marker enzymes of the brush-border membrane, such as alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and aminopeptidase M etc. were also found to be eluted at pH 7.0-7.4, 4.0-4.1 and 5.6 5.8, respectively. These results suggest that chromatofocussing is a promising tool for the separation of membrane proteins and for pre-purification of the sodium-D-glucose cotransport system. It can be further concluded that the sodium dependent phosphate transport across the brush-border membrane is not dependent upon alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 6540120 TI - Phosphatidylcholine requirement for the N-glycosylation of synthetic peptides by detergent-solubilized oligosaccharyltransferase. AB - The ability of dolichyl-P-P-oligosaccharide:peptide oligosaccharyltransferase to use exogenous substrates (a previously labeled oligosaccharide lipid and an Asn-X Thr containing heptapeptide) is shown to require phospholipid. The enzyme was extracted from porcine thyroid rough microsomes using NaCl-Nonidet P-40. When measured at low concentration, in a neutral detergent-containing medium, it undergoes a rapid loss of activity, which renders impossible quantitative estimates in the range of 0-50 micrograms microsomal protein/50 microliters assay. We observed that inactivation could be prevented by supplementing the assay with a previously heat-treated suspension of microsomes in neutral detergent, or with the corresponding extract. Further investigation revealed that phospholipids are responsible for this enzyme stabilization, since phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C treatments were both able to abolish this effect. When individual phospholipids were compared for their protective efficiency, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine was found to be by far the most efficient. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine were only slightly effective, while phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine had no effect at all. Of those tested, partly unsaturated phosphatidylcholines with 16-18 carbon atom acyl chains were the most active, at an optimal concentration of 1-2 mM. Under these conditions a Km of 15 microM was measured for the acceptor, a synthetic ribonuclease heptapeptide, and a Km of 0.55 microM for the donor, dolichyl-P-P-GlcNAc2-Man9-Glc2-3. These findings were confirmed by subjecting a sodium deoxycholate extract to depletion of endogenous lipids by gel filtration. Enzyme activity was totally abolished and then restored (up to now only partially) by addition of phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6540121 TI - Plasma amino acids and glucose levels in the rat fetus and dam after chronic maternal alcohol consumption. AB - To evaluate the effect of chronic maternal alcohol consumption on plasma amino acid and glucose levels in both the fetus and the mother, female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 dietary treatment groups. Group 1 (alcohol) was fed ad libitum a stock diet plus 20% alcohol in drinking water for at least 4 weeks before mating and 30% alcohol during gestation. Group 2 was pair-fed the stock diet plus corn starch calorically equivalent to the amount of alcohol consumed by group 1 animals. Group 3 (control) received the stock diet and water ad libitum. On day 21 of gestation the fetuses of alcohol-treated dams weighed significantly less than those of the control and pair-fed groups. Fetal plasma glucose levels were significantly lower in the alcohol group when compared to those of the pair fed and control groups, while the maternal glucose levels were similar in all three treatment groups. Plasma amino acid concentrations showed no corresponding trends in mother and fetus. Only proline was significantly reduced and alpha amino-n-butyric acid elevated in the alcohol-treated dams when compared to the pair-fed and control rats. In the fetal plasma, only aspartic acid was significantly lower in the alcohol group when compared to the other two groups. A moderate degree of dehydration occurred in the alcohol-treated dams, but plasma albumin was within normal levels. It is concluded that the marked decrease in the concentration of plasma glucose in alcohol-exposed fetuses may be partially responsible for their retarded growth. PMID- 6540122 TI - Olfactory acuity to a pheromonal substance and psychotic illness. PMID- 6540123 TI - [Differences in the action of typical and atypical tranquilizers on the structure and function of mitochondria during emotional-painful stress]. AB - Experiments were made to study the effect of a typical (chlorodiasepoxide) and an atypical (lithonite) tranquilizers on the structure and function of mitochondria in emotional-painful stress. It was demonstrated that emotional-painful stress gives rise to the disturbance of the activity of mitochondrial enzymes responsible for tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. This is accompanied by an increase in the relative volume of the mitochondria, their swelling, diminution in the number of crysts and by their fragmentation. As shown by the data of fluorescent studies, the intermolecular relations of the mitochondrial membranes get disturbed, which is likely to be a reason for a change in the activity of mitochondrial enzymes. Lithonite made the activity of the enzymes and the structure of the mitochondria return to normal and stabilized membrane permeability. Chlorodiasepoxide did not exert any such action on the majority of indicators under study. PMID- 6540124 TI - [Self-stimulation characteristics and endogenous ethanol in rats of different sexes]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on rats that in females, the threshold of self stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus was 1.5-2 times higher than in males. Besides, the rate of self-stimulation with subthreshold currents was 57% higher in the estrus than in the diestrus. Measurement of the blood level of endogenous ethanol and animals' mass on daily self-stimulation for 8-10 weeks permitted making correlations with analogous parameters in rats of both sexes preferring ethanol to water for a long time. In both cases, the levels of endogenous ethanol, which were higher in females than in males, were lower than in intact animals. In addition, there was an increase in the body weight (only in males). The latter circumstance evidences a greater damaging action of prolonged self stimulation on the females' body. PMID- 6540125 TI - [Changes in the arterial pressure and evoked potential in the sensorimotor cortex induced by nalorphine injected in the hypothalamus during painful electric shock in rabbits]. AB - During the hypotensive phase of electronocuous shock in rabbits, injection of nalorphine to the hypothalamus provoked elevation in the blood pressure (BP), recovery of the evoked potential (EP) of the sensorimotor brain cortex in response to electrodermal stimulation (EDS) of the hind limb. Injection of the drug to the central gray of the midbrain resulted in an insignificant short-term elevation of the BP followed by its drop. It is concluded that the endogenous opioid system of the hypothalamus is of importance in the genesis of the hypotensive response and suppression of the EP of the rabbit sensorimotor brain cortex in response to EDS during electronocuous shock. PMID- 6540126 TI - [Ultrastructure of the contractile apparatus of renal podocytes in vertebrate phylogenesis]. AB - The evolution-determined ultrastructural characteristics were disclosed in the intracellular organization of the microfilaments of the contractile apparatus of renal podocytes in the lower (marine teleosts) and higher (dogs) vertebrates. In podocytes of the renal glomerules of the flounder and flying fish, the microfilaments 8-10 nm thick form dense bundles that make up an integral widely branched system, whereas in dogs, the microfilaments 4-7 nm thick are diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm, forming in essence its matrix. PMID- 6540127 TI - Specific and nonspecific mechanisms of action of immunoglobulin G in therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). AB - The efficacy of IgG infusion therapy in ITP is now established even in cases resistant to other forms of therapy. However, the mechanism of action is still speculative. We assume that a correction of the elevated thrombocyte clearance is brought about at several levels. First, antibodies specific for an inciting antigen (and for which the patient is deficient) may remove free antigen and/or immune complexes which adhere to platelet surfaces, thereby rendering platelets less susceptible to clearance. Second, IgG may act nonspecifically by protecting the platelet surface from becoming covered with immune complexes. Third, monomeric IgG may display a nonspecific inhibitory effect at the level of the interaction of immunologically altered platelets with Fc receptors of mononuclear phagocytes. For the latter effect, good in vivo evidence exists. However, it must be born in mind that interaction of antibodies with Fc receptors is but one mechanisms for triggering adherence and endocytosis. A variety of other receptors and binding sites exists which may interact with immunologically altered thrombocytes. These may either trigger phagocytes on their own or facilitate the interaction of antibodies and Fc receptors. How IgG infusion influences such interactions remains to be determined. PMID- 6540128 TI - A new concept for the effector mechanism of intravenous immunoglobulin in hemocytopenias. PMID- 6540129 TI - Interim evaluation of two cooperative studies assessing the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v. IgG) on childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP): I. Randomized study comparing i.v. IgG with oral corticosteroids in previously untreated acute ITP. II. Prospective study of i.v. IgG in acute and chronic ITP unresponsive to previous treatment. AB - Since in a pilot study i.v. IgG was shown to induce a rapid rise of thrombocytes in children with ITP two prospective multicenter ITP studies were started: one comparing i.v. IgG with oral corticosteroids in previously untreated acute ITP, the other investigating the response to i.v. IgG in pretreated acute or chronic ITP in childhood. In this report preliminary results of both studies are summarized. i.v. IgG treatment of acute and chronic ITP is at least as effective as corticosteroid therapy but is not associated with significant side effects. At least some patients with chronic ITP may benefit from i.v. IgG. Longer observation periods are required for further analysis. PMID- 6540130 TI - Fatal outcome of acute thrombocytopenic purpura associated with a viral infection in an 11-year-old child. AB - A case of fatal intracranial hemorrhage is reported in an eleven year old girl with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura following a viral infection. The patient was randomized to the IgG-arm of the ITP therapy study. Immunoglobulin administration was not followed by a raise of the thrombocyte count. Neither the IgG therapy nor intensive therapeutic measurements were able to prevent the fatal course of cerebral hemorrhage in this case. Pathological and immunological findings indicate that our patient suffered from a fulminant ITP which must be considered as a part of a still active viral disease. PMID- 6540131 TI - Treatment of refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin. AB - Three patients with a history of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura stretching back over 20 years are reported. Despite splenectomy and immunosuppressive therapy satisfactory control of their disease has not been achieved. They had remained refractory to all therapeutic manoeuvres with corticosteroids and immunosuppressives for years with thrombocyte counts between 5,000 and 25,000/microliters and the concommitant risk of bleeding. This report describes the treatment of bleeding complications in these patients with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin; the peripheral blood thrombocyte count increased in all three patients from subnormal towards normal, but 2 to 4 weeks later returned to its initial low value. During the therapeutically induced raised thrombocyte count a normal bleeding time and only a moderate inhibition of thrombocyte adhesion and aggregation was observed resulting in reasonable haemostasis. High dose intravenous immunoglobulin is therefore a practical method for the control of bleeding complications in patients with refractory chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A clear explanation for its mode of action has not been found - the lymphocyte subpopulations remained unchanged and immunoglobulin production in vitro during the course of treatment was only minimally decreased. PMID- 6540132 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in pregnancy and neonatal period. AB - In pregnancy and neonatal period both mother and child are endangered by bleeding complications due to maternal idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Obstetrical and perinatal management therefore must aim at increasing maternal and fetal platelet count. In our paper six patients in nine pregnancies are reported. Two of them (five pregnancies) were treated with corticosteroids, four of the patients were successfully treated with i.v. immunoglobulins (IgG). Longterm steroid application and splenectomy during pregnancy may be hazardous for mother and fetus. IgG i.v. administration in contrast offers a new and safe way to control maternal and fetal platelet counts during pregnancy, delivery and the neonatal period. PMID- 6540133 TI - Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: new aspects and outlook. AB - Experiences gathered while exploring the usefulness of intravenous immunoglobulin for children with idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) are reviewed in view of further investigations characterizing the effects of IgG i.v. in other immune diseases without detectable antibody deficiency. The most pertinent factors to be considered are i) the heterogeneity of an immune disease investigated; ii) the criteria used to evaluate the effects of the IgG therapy; iii) the IgG preparations used and i.v. dose-fractionation. Controlled, prospective clinical trials will be required to further explore the practical usefulness of IgG i.v. PMID- 6540134 TI - New possibilities of cytostatic drug testing on patient tumor cells by flow cytometry. AB - A new assay for cytostatic drug testing is described which can be automated. Pleural effusions and ascites are cultured as such for one week. Cells of solid tumors are cultured in the patients own serum for the same time. The cells are then stained with the esterase and intracellular pH-indicator dye 1,4-diacetoxy 2,3-dicyano-benzene (ADB) to label vital cells. They are simultaneously stained with propidium iodide (PI) as an indicator for dead cells. Monosized fluorescent latex particles are added as concentration, volume and fluorescence standard. Inflammatory cells can be distinguished in the assay from tumor cells because of their small cell volume. The number of dead and surviving cells is counted by the flow cytometer and a therapeutic index is calculated as ratio between the surviving inflammatory to surviving tumor cells. An important feature of the assay is that the DNA-distribution of the dead cells (e.g. aneuploidy) as well as the functional state of the surviving tumor cells and inflammatory cells can be judged from intracellular esterase activity and intracellular pH. PMID- 6540136 TI - Antagonistic and synergistic toxic effects of Pb and Cd in a simple foodchain: nematodes feeding on bacteria or fungi. PMID- 6540135 TI - Time course study of occurrence of anomalies in medaka's centrum by cadmium or fenitrothion emulsion. PMID- 6540137 TI - Coexistence of adenocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma in the sigmoid colon. AB - A rare case of a colon carcinoma that developed in a 50-year-old woman is documented. Histologically, the removed tumor was composed of two distinctive elements, i.e., well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma and choriocarcinoma. It was strongly suggested that the latter malignancy derived from the pre existing colonic carcinoma through metaplastic proliferation. A very high human chorionic gonadotropin level was noted in the patient's serum obtained at the preoperative stage. Autopsy materials revealed that metastatic foci in the liver, lungs, and lymph nodes were exclusively composed of choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6540138 TI - Squamous carcinoma of the foot arising in association with long-standing verrucous hyperplasia in a patient with congenital lymphedema. AB - A patient is reported with congenital lymphedema who developed a squamous cell carcinoma on his affected foot. Parallels are drawn between the development of a squamous cell carcinoma with condylomatous and spindle cell features arising in a setting of long-standing verrucous hyperplasia, as seen in this patient, and the well-recognized phenomenon of angiosarcoma occurring in areas of lymphangiomatous proliferation in patients with chronic lymphedema. The importance of a random genetic mutation occurring in hyperplastic tissue in an immunologically privileged site is discussed. Additional consideration is given, in the current case, to the possibility of viral oncogenesis and the role of ulceration as a promoter factor. PMID- 6540139 TI - Lymphadenopathic type of Kaposi's sarcoma presenting with generalized petechial hemorrhages. A case report from Taiwan. AB - An 8-year-old Taiwanese girl presenting with generalized petechial hemorrhages, severe thrombocytopenia and lymphadenopathy was found to have primary Kaposi's sarcoma of lymph node without cutaneous involvement. This patient is a first documented case of lymphadenopathic type of Kaposi's sarcoma in Taiwan. The associated severe thrombocytopenia resulting in generalized petechial hemorrhages as the initial manifestation is also unique in this case. PMID- 6540140 TI - Inhibition of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum secretion by the human kidney with probenecid. AB - The renal handling of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CP) was investigated by measuring the renal clearance of creatinine, inulin, and free platinum in ten cancer patients. Free platinum clearances exceeded the glomerular filtration rate in all time periods. For example, at 1 to 2 hr, the mean clearance of free platinum was 224 +/- 32 (S.E.) ml/min compared to a mean creatinine clearance of 94 +/- 15 ml/min or a mean inulin clearance of 94 +/- 17 ml/min (p less than 0.01), indicating secretion of CP or a metabolite. Seven additional cancer patients were treated with probenecid prior to CP. Fractional platinum clearances, calculated as a ratio of free platinum clearance to creatinine clearance, were reduced significantly in the probenecid-treated group (158 +/- 17%) compared to controls (270 +/- 57%) (p less than 0.03). Fractional platinum clearances, calculated as a ratio of free platinum clearance to inulin clearance, were also significantly reduced in the treated group (154 +/- 14%) compared to controls (271 +/- 47%) (p = 0.04). These results suggest that cisplatin is secreted by the human kidney, and this can be inhibited by probenecid. Such maneuvers may be helpful in improving the therapeutic index of this important chemotherapeutic agent. PMID- 6540141 TI - Metabolism and disposition of 3-amino-1,5-dihydro-5-methyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 1,4,5,6, 8-pentaazaacenaphthylene in the rat. AB - Tricyclic nucleoside (TCN, NSC 154020) is a 7-deazapurine nucleoside possessing antitumor activity towards certain tumor cell lines in vitro. In vivo, TCN is readily interconvertible with its 5'-monophosphate ester. The present study demonstrates that TCN is metabolized by rat liver microsomes to a ring-opened bicyclic metabolite with loss of cytotoxicity toward Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture. Metabolism is mediated by hydrogen peroxide generated by the rat liver microsomes but is not dependent on cytochrome P-450. Isolated hepatocytes prepared from rat do not form detectable amounts of the ring-opened bicyclic metabolite. Unchanged TCN and the ring-opened bicyclic metabolite are excreted in the bile of rats with a cannulated bile duct, comprising 42 and 12% of an i.v. dose of TCN in 8 hr, respectively. The ring-opened bicyclic metabolite is not formed by red blood cells in vitro and could not be detected in blood in vivo. The fact that the ring-opened bicyclic metabolite appears in bile suggests that liver cells not present or not active in isolated hepatocyte preparations might produce the metabolite. Alternatively, the metabolite might be formed directly from TCN in bile, perhaps by hydrogen peroxide excreted into bile. In vivo, 56% of radiolabel was found in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and the feces 24 hr after an i.p. or i.v. dose of 100 mg of [5-methyl-14C]TCN/sq m. Urinary excretion of radiolabel was 21% of the dose of [14C]TCN in 24 hr. Biliary excretion of radiolabel was 65% of the dose of [14C]TCN in 8 hr. The fraction of radioactivity undergoing enterohepatic cycling with reabsorption from the gastrointestinal tract after excretion in bile is 84%. PMID- 6540142 TI - Pharmacological and preclinical toxicological studies of 1,2 diaminocyclohexane(isocitrato)platinum(II). AB - The antitumor activity of a new highly water-soluble platinum derivative, (1,2 diaminocyclohexane)(isocitrato)platinum(II) (NSC 350602; PHIC), was studied in L1210 leukemia cells inoculated into mice. PHIC was found to be active for i.p. graft-i.p. treatment, i.p. graft-i.v. treatment, and i.v. graft-p.o. treatment. A significant activity was observed on early and advanced L1210 leukemia even when the treatment was delayed 6 days after the graft. A comparison between the activities of PHIC, cisplatin (NSC 119875), and (4-carboxyphthalato)(1,2 diaminocyclohexane)-platinum(II) (NSC 271674; DACCP) for i.p. graft-i.p. treatment indicated that the highest activity was observed for divided doses rather than single dose in the case of PHIC and DACCP and not for cisplatin. Under these conditions, PHIC gave larger treated versus control survival time values or a greater number of surviving animals than did cisplatin and DACCP. No cross-resistance between PHIC and cisplatin could be detected in L1210 leukemia cells resistant to cisplatin. Mutagenicity studies on Salmonella typhimurium revealed that PHIC is far less mutagenic than cisplatin on TA100 and TA98 strains. Other pharmacological parameters, such as growth inhibition rate of cultured L1210 cells, penetration, and DNA binding in L1210 cells inoculated in mice, were compared for PHIC and cisplatin together with their in vitro rates of hydrolysis and platinum:DNA adducts. No nephrotoxicity was detected with PHIC at the maximum nonlethal dose level in mice in contrast to results with cisplatin. A preclinical study was conducted in baboons at 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. No nephrotoxicity could be detected at a dose of 100 mg/kg without prehydration for six courses at 3-week intervals. At 200 mg/kg, an increase of blood creatinine was controlled by prehydration. Gastrointestinal toxicity was mild during the three regimens. Phase I clinical trials are under way. PMID- 6540143 TI - Organ specificity in the microsomal activation and toxicity of N nitrosomethylbenzylamine in various species. AB - The microsomal metabolism of the rat esophageal carcinogen N nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBZA) at the methylene carbon atom to yield benzaldehyde was studied in various organs of a number of species to determine the role of metabolic activation in the carcinogenicity or toxicity of the nitrosamine. In the Sprague-Dawley rat, NMBZA was metabolized by microsomes from liver, lung, and esophageal mucosa. In the F344 rat and rabbit, metabolic activity was present in both liver and esophageal mucosa, the only tissues studied in these species. In contrast, in the Syrian hamster and BALB/cByJ mouse, NMBZA debenzylation was undetectable in the esophagus but occurred at relatively high rates in liver, lung, and kidney. The forestomach mucosa exhibited undetectable levels of activity in the Sprague-Dawley rat and BALB/cByJ mouse, although in the hamster, it was present at a very low level. Administration of a dose of NMBZA acutely toxic to the rat (18 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in significant cellular damage only to the rat esophageal mucosa, no other tissues examined in the rat, hamster, or mouse being affected. These observations, together with the available data on carcinogenicity of the nitrosamine in the rat and rabbit, suggest that in the esophagus, at least, metabolic activation of NMBZA is necessary to elicit its toxic and/or carcinogenic effect. However, NMBZA is also metabolized at a high rate in the liver of all species but is not toxic or carcinogenic in this tissue, suggesting that other factors besides metabolic activation must be involved in the resistance of hepatocytes to the effects of the nitrosamine. Microsomes prepared from human esophageal mucosa from six patients metabolized NMBZA at rates that were either undetectable or approximately 70 times lower than in the Sprague-Dawley rat. PMID- 6540144 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus with single-agent cisplatin: final report on a Southwest Oncology Group study. PMID- 6540145 TI - Amelioration of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by the diuretic acetazolamide in F344 rats. AB - Renal toxicity following a single iv nonlethal dose (6 mg/kg) of cisplatin (CDDP) was investigated in male F344 rats pretreated with 20 mg/kg of acetazolamide (ACZ) sc 30 minutes before CDDP administration. There was a decrease in nephrotoxicity as indicated by a smaller elevation of BUN, a milder histopathologic lesion, and a more rapid recovery of BUN in ACZ-pretreated animals. Renal platinum content of rats receiving ACZ was significantly lower than that in animals treated with CDDP alone. There was no change in platinum level in the plasma or the liver but there was a decreased platinum excretion in urine during 24 hours after treatment. Reduction of platinum concentration in the kidney might account for protection against the renal toxicity. The diuretic ACZ might be useful in the hydration regimens used clinically to prevent renal toxicity from CDDP. PMID- 6540146 TI - A protein binds to a satellite DNA repeat at three specific sites that would be brought into mutual proximity by DNA folding in the nucleosome. AB - Using a generally applicable assay for specific DNA-binding proteins in crude extracts, we have detected and purified an HMG-like nuclear protein from African green monkey cells that preferentially binds to the 172 bp repeat of alpha satellite DNA (alpha-DNA). DNAase I footprinting with the purified protein detects three specific binding sites (I-III) per alpha-DNA repeat. Site II is 145 bp (one core nucleosome length) from site III on the adjacent alpha-DNA repeat, while site I lies midway between sites II and III. In the alpha-nucleosome phasing frame corresponding with this arrangement, sites I-III would be brought into mutual proximity by DNA folding in the nucleosome. This phasing frame is identical with the preferred frame detected previously in isolated chromatin. Our results suggest that this new and abundant protein recognizes a family of short, related nucleotide sequences found not only in alpha-DNA but also throughout the genome, and that functions of this protein are mediated through its nucleosome positioning activity. Such nucleosome-positioning proteins may underlie the sequence specificity of both nucleosome arrangements and higher order chromatin structures. PMID- 6540147 TI - The transcriptional regulation of Xenopus 5s RNA genes in chromatin: the roles of active stable transcription complexes and histone H1. AB - The properties of active and repressed 5S rna genes in somatic cell chromatin from Xenopus laevis cultured cells were studied by transcription in vitro. The somatic 5S RNA genes, which are active in vivo, are packaged in chromatin as active stable transcription complexes lacking only RNA polymerase III for transcription activity. The oocyte 5S RNA genes, which are inactive in somatic tissues, do not have transcription factors bound to them in purified chromatin and are prevented from binding these factors by a structure dependent on histone H1. In chromatin active stable transcription complexes protect 5S RNA genes from histone H1-mediated repression and H1 binding prevents the formation of stable active transcription complexes. PMID- 6540148 TI - The obstructive subaortic conus. AB - Eleven children are reported who had stenosis under a malposed aorta with gradients of 20 to 76 mm Hg between the right ventricle and aorta. The subaortic obstruction was caused by hypertrophy of the foreshortened infundibulum and malalignment of the infundibular septum relative to the remainder of the ventricular septum. Of these 11 patients, nine had a ventricular septal defect and seven had coarctation of the aorta. Rightward deviation of the infundibulum and aorta produced an unusually long left main coronary artery that was compressed by the stent of a bioprosthetic conduit valve in one patient. Serial cardiac catheterization studies in four patients showed progressive stenosis in each. Subaortic stenosis can develop in patients with malposition of the aorta and the frequency may be greater than 5% since milder forms are likely to occur. The obstruction can be progressive. The left coronary artery may be particularly vulnerable to compression after operative repair with an extracardiac conduit. PMID- 6540149 TI - Detection of antibodies to Chang liver cell in sera from patients with chronic liver diseases by 125I-labelled protein A binding assay and the effect of prednisolone and 6-mercaptopurine treatment on the level of the antibodies. AB - Antibody binding to living Chang liver cell was measured in sera from 71 patients with various chronic liver diseases using 125I-labelled protein A binding assay. The level of antibody binding to Chang liver cell was significantly elevated in sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and liver cirrhosis as compared to those from healthy donors, but not in sera from patients with fatty liver. There was no detectable antibody binding to HeLa cells in those sera. The antibody binding to Chang liver cell was blocked by a human liver specific protein (LSP) preparation. The levels of antibody binding to Chang liver cell were significantly higher in patients with CAH than patients with CPH. On the other hand, the level of antibody binding to Chang liver cell was significantly decreased in sera from patients with CAH after a treatment with prednisolone (PSL) for 2 months and a subsequent combined administration of 6MP and a maintenance dose of PSL for 1 month. These results suggest that antibodies to Chang liver cell are closely correlated with the activity of chronic liver disease and that PSL and 6MP treatment can reduce the level of the antibodies. PMID- 6540150 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in a normal population and a group of patients with myocardial hypertrophy. AB - In order to study left ventricular diastolic function, digitized M-mode echocardiograms of the free wall endocardium were analyzed. A population of 117 healthy individuals was compared with a group of 22 patients with myocardial hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis (AS), and a group of 21 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCMP). The time constant Te of endocardial retraction in normals (66 +/- 13 ms) differed significantly from Te in the patients (AS, 105 +/- 23 ms, p less than 0.001; HCMP, 113 +/- 31 ms, p less than 0.001). Peak velocity of endocardial retraction (peak neg. dEnd/dt, in the normals 8.6 +/- 2.7 s-1) did not differ between normals and patients (AS, 7.0 +/- 2.3 s-1; HCMP, 7.3 +/- 2.4 s 1). Fractional shortening (FS) of the internal diameter, a parameter of left ventricular systolic function, tended to be higher in the AS patients than in the normal group, but was on the average significantly increased in the group of HCMP. However, most patients in the hypertrophic groups had FS within normal limits +/- 2 SD. The discrepancy between normal or supernormal systolic function and a pathological prolonged time constant Te in myocardial hypertrophy demonstrates the importance of diastolic parameters in left ventricular characterization. Te is a useful parameter of left ventricular diastolic function which can be provided noninvasively from echocardiographic M-mode curves of the free wall endocardium. PMID- 6540151 TI - Acute myocarditis associated with transient marked myocardial thickening and complete atrioventricular block. AB - A 17-day-old male infant with acute myocarditis developed complete heart block and cardiogenic shock. In addition, extensive concentric thickening of the left ventricular walls and diminution of the ventricular cavity were demonstrated by serial echocardiography. The echocardiographic findings mimicked a nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, the wall thickness gradually returned to normal, coincident with clinical improvement. This unusual myocardial thickening may have resulted from myocardial edema or cellular infiltration. Its relationship to high-dose steroid therapy is unclear. PMID- 6540152 TI - Myoglobin release in patients with angina pectoris following short-term ischaemia by pacing to angina. AB - Thirteen patients with severe stable angina pectoris were studied by coronary sinus catheterization. In all patients, severe chest pains were produced by atrial pacing. The chest pains had disappeared within 10 min after pacing. Simultaneous arterial (a) and coronary sinus (cs) blood samples were taken before, during and after pacing and analyzed for myoglobin and lactate. The a-cs difference of myoglobin tended to become more negative after pacing, although the change was not significant. However, the change in negative direction post-pacing of the a-cs myoglobin difference was quantitatively correlated with the change in negative direction of the a-cs lactate difference during pacing in the individual patients. This suggests that short-term myocardial ischaemia without signs of established myocardial infarction may provoke myocardial myoglobin release. PMID- 6540154 TI - Comments to the recent papers by Palm, Nielsen and Lassen concerning measurements of filtration capacity. PMID- 6540153 TI - Sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve function in alcoholic neuropathy. AB - The peripheral sympathetic vasomotor nerve function was investigated in 18 male chronic alcoholics admitted for intellectual impairment or polyneuropathy. By means of the local 133Xenon washout technique, the sympathetic veno-arteriolar axon-reflex was studied. This normally is responsible for a 50% decrease in tissue blood flow, when the ankle is lowered 40 cm below heart level in the supine individual. The patients with moderate to severe polyneuropathy, taken as a group, did not differ significantly from the group of patients with no or only mild polyneuropathy, although a lesser response was seen (18% and 48% decrease respectively). However, in three patients with moderate neuropathy, and in one patient with no signs of neuropathy, this veno-arteriolar reflex was absent, indicating dysfunction of the peripheral sympathetic adrenergic nerve fibres. The three patients also showed a lesser degree of arteriolar constriction during 45 degrees passive head-up tilt, although none developed symptoms of orthostatic hypotension. Anhidrosis of the feet was found in only three patients. This study lends support to the view that individual differences in the susceptibility to the deleterious effect of alcohol comprise not only the peripheral sensory and motor nerve fibres, but also the thin pseudomotor and vasomotor nerves. PMID- 6540155 TI - Management of tuberculosis in elderly persons. PMID- 6540156 TI - Prepartum changes in maternal responsiveness and nest defense in Rattus norvegicus. AB - Changes in maternal responsiveness during late pregnancy were traced by exposing females to foster pups (15-30-min tests) under conditions favoring the rapid initiation of maternal behavior. Groups were tested when nonpregnant or on Days 17, 20, 21, or 22 of pregnancy (Day 22 = parturition). Nulliparous females were compared with primiparous and with "experienced breeders." Nest defense was observed by introducing unfamiliar males (2-min tests) on Day 22. Results focused attention on three periods: (a) Days 17-20, when maternal responsiveness was lower than in the nonpregnant condition, (b) Day 21, when maternal responsiveness returned to or rose above nonpregnant levels, and (c) on Day 22, the 3.5 hr prior to delivery, during which 90% of females almost immediately retrieved, gathered, and tended foster pups and during which 92% attacked the unfamiliar intruders. (Attacks were rare earlier.) Maternally experienced females were more responsive to pups than nulliparous females when nonpregnant and throughout late pregnancy, but both groups were equally likely to show prepartum aggression. PMID- 6540157 TI - Phototoxic dermatitis from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infected celery. PMID- 6540158 TI - Prospective payment and rising health costs. PMID- 6540159 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis as a cause of false-positive hepatobiliary scanning. PMID- 6540160 TI - [Cephalosporin C production by solid state fermentation with rice grains]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the production of cephalosporin C in solid state fermentation with rice as a basal substrate. Among the various grains as basal substrates tested, rice was the best one and the worst one was soyflour . Among the varieties of rice examined, Tsailai rice was the best. The proposed best formula for the fermentation medium on the basis of 10 g rice grain consists the following % of the ingredients, 0.65, peptone, 0.65, ammonium sulfate, 0.26, inositol, 1.3 (v/w), trace element solution, 0.65 calcium carbonate, 0.65 calcium sulfate, 0.065, potasium sulfate, 1.3, sucrose, 0.13, DL methionine and 2.6, methyl oleate. Of the strains of C. acremonium used, strain M8650 -R-3 was superior to strain ATCC 14553. The optimum inoculum density was 2.8 X 10(8) spores of C. acremonium M8650 -R-3 per g substrate. The initial moisture content of the medium at 49-51%, the water activity at 0.985, and the fermentation temperature at 25 degrees C were found as the optimun . After 7 days of fermentation, the maximum yield of cephalosporin C was 6420 micrograms per g substrate and the total cephalosporin C equivalent potency was 11,000 micrograms per g substrate. PMID- 6540161 TI - The morphological sequence of XY pairing in the Norway rat Rattus norvegicus. AB - The sequence of XY pairing at meiotic prophase in the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus, has been studied in spread preparations of spermatocytes obtained from pubertal males. As in most mammals, sex chromosome pairing is delayed in relation to that of the autosomes. At one stage in pachytene, the Y is fully paired in synaptonemal complex association with about one-third of the X. Observation in spread preparations at pachytene and diplotene and in air-dried metaphase I preparations indicates that the long arm of the Y pairs with the short arm of the X. Pairing of the Y with both ends of the X is seen in about 4% of pachytene spermatocytes. The possibility that XY pairing in the rat may be nonhomologous (Ashley 1983) is considered, and the view is expressed that the XY synaptonemal complex may be incomplete in fine structural detail, thus not providing for the effective pairing required in true reciprocal recombination. The same mechanism that excludes crossing over from heterochromatic regions of autosomes may also operate to minimize or prevent crossing over in the sex pair of mammals. PMID- 6540162 TI - [Bacteriologic study on gastric juice of patients with chronic gastritis in areas with high and low risk of stomach cancer--a preliminary report]. PMID- 6540163 TI - [The effect of verapamil on the left ventricular function in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6540164 TI - [Accreditation of educational programs and certification of laboratory and radiology technicians in the United States]. AB - A general view is given of the accreditation of education programs and the certification of laboratory and radiology technicians and of members of the health professions in general. In addition, the functions of the federal government and the professional societies are described in a organizational chart, and the work done by each group participating in the accreditation and certification process is explained. Although a structured academic education is ordinarily required for certification, the agencies charged with it offer different possibilities in which a limited number of academic requirements may be replaced by clinical experience or experience in the field in question. Also included are the requirements for admission to written examinations for certification in laboratory and radiology technology in the United States. Special attention is given to the interconnection between accreditation and certification in those two professional fields. PMID- 6540165 TI - Relationship between plasma somatomedin-C and liver somatogenic binding sites in neonatal rats during malnutrition and after short and long term refeeding. AB - To determine the mechanism(s) for the growth retardation associated with malnutrition early in life, the relationships among plasma somatomedin-C (SM-C), plasma GH, and hepatic bovine GH-binding sites were assessed in rat pups that were milk-deprived from birth until weaning (21 days). After this period of malnutrition, body weight, tail length, plasma SM-C, and liver GH-binding capacity of the malnourished animals were significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced below those of control, well fed rats [SM-C at 21 days, 0.06 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.04 U/ml (mean +/- SE); GH binding, 2.96 +/- 0.39 vs. 7.19 +/- 0.80 pmol/liver]. The number of GH-binding sites per mg DNA was also reduced (0.59 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.11 pmol/mg DNA; P less than 0.001). After 1 week of ad libitum refeeding (days 21-28), body weight and tail length of malnourished pups increased significantly but showed no signs of catching up with that of control pups. Plasma SM-C and liver GH-binding capacity in the malnourished rats also rose significantly (P less than 0.005) after refeeding, but remained as far below controls as at 21 days [SM-C on day 28, 0.19 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.53 +/- 0.02 U/ml (P less than 0.001); GH binding, 6.59 +/- 0.99 vs. 12.94 +/- 1.60 pmol/liver (P less than 0.005)]. After 7 weeks of refeeding (days 21-70), tail length but not body weight recovered, while plasma SM-C levels were normalized. The mean number of GH binding sites per mg DNA in the malnourished rats was not significantly different from that in controls and reached for the males and the females, respectively, 79% and 86% of control binding. When expressed per liver, GH binding followed a similar pattern; for the males, binding capacity returned to 73% of the control value (20.45 +/- 1.82 vs. 27.93 +/- 3.49 pmol/liver; P = NS), and for the females, it returned to 77% of the control value (36.42 +/- 1.76 vs. 47.42 +/- 4.13 pmol/liver; P less than 0.01). In the young rats up to day 28, liver GH binding capacities correlated with plasma SM-C concentrations (r = 0.81; P less than 0.01), while in the adult rats no correlation was present. During malnutrition and refeeding, there were no changes in the affinity constants of the hepatic GH-binding sites or in plasma GH concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6540166 TI - Effects of 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta, 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 alpha, and 4 hydroxyestrone on the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge in the rat: agonist and antagonist actions. AB - Four-day cycling rats equipped with intracardiac catheters were injected with 2 hydroxyestradiol-17 beta (2OHE2-17 beta) at 0800, 0900, 1000, and 1200 h on the morning of proestrus. The administration at 0800 and 0900 h resulted in abolition of the afternoon preovulatory LH surge in virtually all animals. Injections given at 1000 and 1200 h were ineffective in this respect. The isomeric catechol estrogen 4-hydroxyestrone effectively inhibited the LH surge when given at 0900 h, but not if injected at 1000 or 1200 h. In contrast, the nonestrogenic 2 hydroxyestradiol-17 alpha was effective in blocking the LH surge when given at 0900 or 1000 h. Rats treated with 2OHE2-17 beta at 1000 h responded normally to exogenous LHRH administration in the afternoon, indicating that the action of 2OHE2-17 beta is at the hypothalamic level. 2OHE2-17 beta and 4-hydroxyestrone, which are potent estrogens, may act in this instance first as estrogen agonists, advancing the "time window" when their catechol antagonist properties in blocking the LH surge can be functional. The nonuterotropic 2-hydroxyestradiol-17 alpha and 2-hydroxyestrone act solely as catechol estrogens and inhibit the preovulatory LH surge if administered at a time when they be present during this physiological window, which is thought to involve events at the estrogen catecholaminergic interphase. PMID- 6540167 TI - The effect of exteroceptive pup stimuli on the responsiveness of prolactin release mechanisms to suckling stimuli in the lactating rat. AB - In the lactating rat, the neural stimulus of suckling not only acutely releases PRL but also maintains the responsiveness of PRL regulatory mechanisms to subsequent nursing stimuli. Beginning near midlactation exteroceptive pup stimuli (ECS) can acutely release PRL. We have examined the capacity of this signal also to maintain the responsiveness of PRL release mechanisms to subsequent suckling stimuli. On day 14 postpartum lactating rats were either isolated from their young or exposed to ECS (without suckling) for approximately 24 h. When both groups were later nursed, plasma PRL of mothers earlier exposed to ECS rose significantly higher than that of subjects previously isolated from their young. Suckling produced a significant depletion in pituitary PRL and GH concentrations of ECS-exposed mothers; it did not produce a similar depletion in the pituitaries of the previously isolated group. When the pups were returned for suckling, ECS exposed mothers began to nurse their pups substantially faster than did females of the isolated group. During the 6 h after nursing, the mammary glands of ECS exposed mothers secreted milk at twice the rate of mammary glands of the isolated females. We conclude that ECS can maintain the capacity of neuroendocrine mechanisms to respond to galactopoetic hormone-releasing stimuli (consequently enhancing milk secretion) and support the maternal behavior pattern necessary for suckling to occur. As a result, ECS may become an important factor during later stages of lactation, compensating for the decline in suckling stimuli known to occur at that time. PMID- 6540168 TI - Preovulatory gonadotropin surge system of prepubertal female sheep is exquisitely sensitive to the stimulatory feedback action of estradiol. AB - The sensitivity of the LH surge mechanism to estradiol-positive feedback was examined in immature lambs (19 weeks of age) several weeks before first ovulation (31 weeks of age). To minimize differences in basal estradiol concentrations, lambs were pretreated with a low level of estradiol (2 pg/ml; Silastic capsule) for 4 days and were ovariectomized before they were challenged with one of five levels of estradiol (n = 5 lambs/level). The estradiol increments produced after insertion of the second set of estradiol implants ranged from 2-11 pg/ml. All estradiol increments, even those as low as 2 pg/ml, produced LH surges; in the absence of an estradiol increment (second implant not inserted; n = 5 lambs), a LH surge did not occur. The similarity of the dose-response curve for estradiol induced LH release in the lamb to that which we previously reported for the mature female indicates that the lamb is equally sensitive to estradiol stimulatory feedback action long before the age of first ovulation. This suggests that low estradiol secretion, rather than reduced sensitivity of the surge mechanism to estradiol-positive feedback, is responsible for the anovulatory condition of the immature female sheep. PMID- 6540169 TI - Binding of the glycosaminoglycan [3H]heparin to bovine granulosa cells varies with size and estrogen content of ovarian follicles. AB - Bovine ovarian follicles were individually aspirated to obtain granulosa cells and follicular fluid, and estrogen concentrations in fluid were measured with a radioimmunoassay. Granulosa membranes were harvested by centrifugation and were pooled from follicles containing statistically high or low estrogen. Granulosa cell concentrations were estimated by comparing their protein content to cell standards. Results showed that cell numbers increased with increasing follicle size, and follicles with high estrogen concentrations possessed more granulosa than follicles with low estrogen. Specific binding of [3H]heparin decreased with advancing follicle size and was higher to granulosa harvested from follicles containing low estrogen. PMID- 6540170 TI - Diurnal fluctuations in free and total steady-state plasma levels of carbamazepine and correlation with intermittent side effects. AB - The relationship between diurnal fluctuations in free (unbound) and total plasma carbamazepine levels and the appearance of intermittent side effects was investigated in nine epileptic patients receiving chronic therapy with carbamazepine, alone or in combination with phenobarbital. On a three-times-daily or four-times-daily dosing schedule, both total and free carbamazepine levels fluctuated considerably (on an average, 41 and 45%, respectively, around the mean). Side effects (particularly diplopia and nystagmus) were observed in five patients and showed an intermittent pattern in four. Side effects were never found at total carbamazepine levels less than 34 mumol/L but invariably appeared at levels greater than 38 mumol/L. At levels between 34 and 38 mumol/L adverse effects were inconsistently observed. The correlation between plasma carbamazepine levels and manifestations of toxicity was slightly stronger when free rather than total levels were considered. Side effects were always apparent at free levels greater than 7.2 mumol/L. These data underline the limitations of relying on a single drug level determination during the monitoring of carbamazepine therapy and emphasize the necessity of carefully adjusting the dosing schedule, to minimize the appearance of intermittent adverse effects. PMID- 6540171 TI - Reaction of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and DNA in B or Z conformation. AB - The nature of the adducts and the conformational changes produced in poly(dG m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC) by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisPt) have been studied. In the reaction of cisPt and B-DNA, the main adduct is bidentate and arises from an intrastrand cross-link between two guanine residues separated by a cytosine. This was deduced from the study of the compounds by t.l.c. after acid hydrolysis of the polymer. The platinated polymer is not digested by S1 nuclease. The antibodies to Z-DNA bind to the platinated polymer with a smaller affinity than to poly (dG-br5dC).poly(dG-br5dC). The c.d. spectrum differs from that of poly(dG-br5dC).poly(dG-br5dC) or poly(dG-m5dC).poly-(dG-m5dC) in Z conformation. It is concluded that the bidentate adduct induces a conformational change from the B form towards a distorted Z form. In the reaction of cisPt and Z-DNA, a monodentate adduct is formed. This adduct stabilizes the Z conformation as shown by c.d. and binding to the anti-Z-DNA antibodies. At room temperature, the second function of the drug can still react with small ligands such as NH4HCO3. By heating, the second function reacts with a guanine residue. A bidentate adduct is formed as in the reaction of cisPt and B-DNA and it induces a transition from the Z form to the distorted Z form. PMID- 6540172 TI - The three-dimensional structure of retinol-binding protein. AB - The complex of retinol with its carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP) has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure determined using X-ray crystallography. Its most striking feature is an eight-stranded up-and-down beta barrel core that completely encapsulates the retinol molecule. The retinol molecule lies along the axis of the barrel with the beta-ionone ring innermost and the tip of the isoprene tail close to the surface. PMID- 6540173 TI - Induction of phytoalexin synthesis in soybean. Stereospecific 3,9 dihydroxypterocarpan 6a-hydroxylase from elicitor-induced soybean cell cultures. AB - A microsomal preparation from elicitor-challenged soybean cell suspension cultures catalyzes an NADPH-dependent and dioxygen-dependent 6a-hydroxylation of 3,9-dihydroxypterocarpan to 3,6a,9-trihydroxypterocarpan. The latter is a precursor for the soybean phytoalexin glyceollin. No reaction is observed with NADH. The 6a-hydroxylase is inhibited by cytochrome c. Optical rotatory dispersion spectra of the enzymatic product formed from racemic dihydroxypterocarpan and of the remaining unreacted substrate proved that the product has the natural (6aS, 11aS)-configuration and that hydroxylation proceeds with retention of configuration. The 6a-hydroxylase was also found in elicitor challenged soybean seedlings. The results indicate that the 6a-hydroxylase is specifically involved in the biosynthesis of glyceollin. PMID- 6540174 TI - Potassium-39 and sodium-23 NMR studies of cation binding to phosvitin. AB - The binding of Na+ and K+ to hen egg-yolk phosvitin has been studied by 23Na and 39K NMR. A transition in the binding behaviour of these cations is shown to accompany deprotonation of the phosphate groups on this highly charged protein. At lower pH the data are well described by a purely mass-action binding model, whereas at higher pH significant polyelectrolyte effects are apparent. From single ion as well as competition experiments K+ is shown to bind more strongly to phosvitin than does Na+. The temperature and magnetic field strength dependences of the 23Na and 39K relaxation rates provide a picture of phosvitin as a highly flexible macromolecule. This work demonstrates the potential of 39K NMR as a useful tool in the study of protein-cation interactions. PMID- 6540175 TI - Lipoproteins from the blood and egg yolk of the hen. The transfer of very-low density lipoprotein to egg yolk and possible changes to apoprotein B. AB - As part of a study of the transfer of proteins and lipids from avian blood to egg yolk, some properties of lipoproteins from the blood of laying hens were compared with those of the low-density lipoprotein (YLP) from egg yolk of the same hens. Although it is known from previous work that particles of the very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) of blood are the most likely precursors of YLP, their apoprotein patterns are different, according to electrophoresis and chromatography, with only one protein in common. YLP has the more complicated pattern which does not, however, include apoprotein B (ApoB) the main apoprotein of VLDL. It is suggested that during the transfer of VLDL to yolk, ApoB is cleaved to give smaller yolk apoproteins, especially apovitellenins IV and VI. Some evidence for this suggestion from the similarity of protein digests is presented. PMID- 6540176 TI - The reproducibility of the Lukes-Collins classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in a retrospective reclassification. AB - In a retrospective reclassification of 148 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas the reproducibility of the Lukes-Collins classification used was tested by comparing a joint diagnosis with that of each author separately. Thirty-six percent of the lymphoma cases were follicular center cell lymphomas, the figure being clearly lower than that of materials published previously. The relatively high portions of small lymphocytic and mycosis fungoides lymphomas (20 and 10% respectively) were also deviant findings in comparison to formerly published retrospective materials. In this reproducibility study the cases of disagreement were usually proved to have happened within lymphoma groups with an equivalent prognosis. An exception was the relatively high disagreement rate between the subclasses of small lymphocytic and small non-cleaved lymphomas, and this represents the most important finding clinicopathologically. The results of the study indicate that the Lukes-Collins classification as such does not cover the whole spectrum of non Hodgkin's lymphomas. The studies published already give some clues as to the fact that distribution and cell types of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas vary in different areas of the world. PMID- 6540177 TI - Measurement of cellular DNA content as an adjunct to diagnostic cytology in malignant effusions. AB - We reviewed the final diagnosis and outcome of 119 patients who developed serous effusions. In addition to routine cytological examination, the cellular DNA content of fluid samples aspirated from the effusions was measured using flow cytometry in order to determine whether the detection of aneuploid cells could aid in diagnosis or serve as a guide to prognosis. The final diagnosis of 35 patients was non-malignant and a further 40 patients with biopsy-proven cancer had cytologically negative effusions. In all of these cases flow cytometry revealed the presence of diploid cells only. The effusions from 36 cancer patients were reported by cytology to contain a variable proportion of malignant cells, and aneuploid cells were detected in 23 of these samples, the remainder containing only diploid cells. Of 8 effusions where cytology was equivocal, one contained aneuploid cells and clinical outcome subsequently showed that all 8 were malignant. Median survival of patients with cancer was 3 months, and a positive cytology had no influence on survival. However, of the patients with positive cytology, those whose effusions contained aneuploid cells had a poorer short-term prognosis than those cases where only diploid cells could be detected (median survival 1.5 vs 4 months). Measurement of cellular DNA content using flow cytometry can occasionally confirm cancer in a cytologically equivocal effusion, but the negative results in 13 out of 36 (36.1%) effusions where cytology was reported as positive suggests that it has only a limited role in this clinical setting, using currently available techniques. PMID- 6540178 TI - Prognostic significance of residual cancer tissue after diagnostic biopsy in breast carcinoma. Three-year short-term results. AB - Among 3264 cases of breast carcinoma undergoing diagnostic biopsy and frozen section followed by one-stage mastectomy, the occurrence of residual cancer tissue (RCT) was evaluated as part of a prospective, nationwide trial in Denmark. RCT was defined by the presence of cancer left in relation to the biopsy cavity in the mastectomy specimen. A significantly higher cumulative recurrence rate within 3 yr was found in cases with residual cancer compared to cases without this finding. The difference was most pronounced in the premenopausal high-risk group. Therefore, RCT in the wall of the biopsy cavity is considered a prognostic hazard by itself. PMID- 6540179 TI - Mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer--a phase II study with special attention to cardiotoxicity. AB - Thirty-four patients with advanced breast cancer, who had not received previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease, were treated with mitoxantrone 14 mg/m2 i.v. every 21 days. Eleven of 33 evaluable patients (33%) achieved a partial response; there were no complete responders. Before commencing mitoxantrone, and 3-monthly thereafter, radionuclide assessment of ventricular performance was obtained at rest and in response to stress. Ten patients showed a deterioration in ejection fraction, two of whom developed congestive cardiac failure. Dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Nausea and vomiting were generally mild and transient. Alopecia was minimal in most patients. Mitoxantrone is an active, well tolerated new drug in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, but cardiotoxicity may occur in a proportion of patients. Further investigation is required to determine the precise nature, incidence and prognosis of cardiotoxicity encountered with mitoxantrone. PMID- 6540180 TI - Correlation between potency of calmodulin inhibitors and effects on cellular levels and cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin (adriamycin) in resistant P388 mouse leukemia cells. AB - The relationship between potency of phenothiazine and naphthalene-sulfonamide calmodulin inhibitors and their effects on cellular levels and cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin was evaluated using the doxorubicin-sensitive and greater than 100 fold doxorubicin-resistant P388 mouse leukemia model system. In cytotoxicity studies using cell counts based on proliferation following a 24-hr drug exposure and in survival based on colony formation in soft-agar after a 2-hr drug exposure, the calmodulin inhibitors significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in the resistant but not parent-sensitive P388 cells. However, survival in soft-agar (based on colony formation) following long-term drug exposure (approximately 120 hr) revealed that the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin were significantly increased by the calmodulin inhibitors in both sensitive and resistant P388 cells. Laser flow cytometry studies on single-cell doxorubicin levels indicated that treatment with doxorubicin in the presence of trifluoperazine had no effect on drug levels in sensitive cells but significantly enhanced cellular accumulation and retention of doxorubicin in resistant cells. Furthermore, unlike treatment with doxorubicin alone, in the presence of trifluoperazine, heterogeneity in cellular drug levels in the resistant P388 cells was not observed. Among the various calmodulin inhibitors effective in enhancing cellular levels and cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in the resistant P388 cells, chlorpromazine was approximately two-fold less potent than trifluoperazine or prochlorperazine and only N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2 naphthalenesulfonamide but not N-(4-aminobutyl)-2-naphthalenesulfonamide was active. PMID- 6540181 TI - The effect of tamoxifen on the growth of human malignant melanoma in vitro. AB - The effect of tamoxifen on the growth of malignant melanoma was investigated using human cell lines and single-cell suspensions prepared from patients' tumours cultured in soft agar. Tamoxifen stimulated both [3H]-thymidine incorporation and cell numbers in all of the cell lines tested. Cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor (ER) was detected in one of the responding lines and progesterone receptor (PR) in another. Tumour colony formation in soft agar culture was satisfactorily established from tumour cell suspensions from 13 of 21 patients, only one of which had detectable cytoplasmic ER. Greater than 50% reduction in colony formation with 5 X 10(-7) M tamoxifen occurred in two tumours, neither of which contained ER. These results indicate that tamoxifen has the potential to either retard or accelerate the growth of human malignant melanoma. PMID- 6540182 TI - Purification of a cancer-associated protein factor in serum of lung cancer patients. AB - The serum factor responsible for the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition (H LAI) reaction in lung cancer patients has been purified. It is precipitable by ammonium sulfate between 30-70% saturation. On DEAE ion exchange chromatography activity is eluted in the 0.12-0.2 M acetate fraction. The serum factor has affinity for Con A. This gives evidence for a glycoprotein nature of the factor. Electrophoresis indicates an apparent mol. wt of 71,000 dalton. The data suggest that the protein can be separated into subunits of 43,000 and 28,000 dalton under reducing conditions. Isoelectric focusing gives a mean pI of 4.5. The applied fractionation procedure gave a 1120-fold purification relative to lung cancer serum. Antiserum against the purified factor has been produced in rabbits. The factor can be demonstrated in high concentrations in serum of lung cancer patients, but is also found in smaller quantities in sera of other types of cancer. Minor quantities are present in normal serum. The results suggest that quantitation of the H-LAI factor can be used in cancer diagnosis. PMID- 6540183 TI - Estrone-induced, prolactin-secreting and dopamine-sensitive rat pituitary tumor. AB - Prolactin (PRL)-secreting rat pituitary tumors were induced in female Fisher 344/Lis rats by s.c. implants of estrone (E1) pellets. Tumor growth was relatively fast and reached about 100 mg within 2 months. Ovariectomy at the time of E1 implants seemed to accelerate the growth of the tumors. Tumor cells in primary culture produced mainly PRL, while growth hormone (GH) release was about 2% of PRL production and the release of some other pituitary hormones did not exceed 1% of PRL values. Tumor cells were found to have high-affinity dopamine (DA) receptors. The addition of DA in vitro at 10(-10) M concentration stimulated PRL release, while at 10(-6) M concentration it inhibited the release of the hormone by more than 50% of control values. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopical studies demonstrated the tumor to be composed mainly of maximally stimulated mammotrophs. PMID- 6540184 TI - Antineoplastic activity and toxicity of an organometallic complex of ruthenium(II) in comparison with cis-PDD in mice bearing solid malignant neoplasms. AB - The antineoplastic activity of an organometallic complex of ruthenium(II), [cis RuCl2(DMSO)4]o, has been examined in comparison with that of cis-PDD, using three metastasizing tumors of the mouse: Lewis lung carcinoma, B16 melanoma and MCa mammary carcinoma. [cis-RuCl2(DMSO)4]o significantly reduces primary tumor growth in all the tumors tested, and its activity is similarly pronounced at three different dosages in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. On the contrary, the survival time of animals having i.v. or i.m. tumor implants are only moderately increased, and also in the case of combined treatments with surgery. The antineoplastic activity of cis-PDD appears to be less pronounced than that of [cis-RuCl2(DMSO)4]o, and is limited to mice bearing B16 melanoma, which, among the three tumors used, appears to be naturally more responsive to cis-PDD and [cis-RuCl2(DMSO)4]o. The use of [cis-RuCl2(DMSO)4]o appears advantageous over that of cis-PDD since, unlike cis-PDD, its antineoplastic effects have been obtained at dosages with reduced host toxicity, indicated by the absence of significant hematological toxicity and toxicity for normal proliferating tissues. PMID- 6540185 TI - Changes of proliferation kinetics after X-irradiation of a human malignant melanoma grown in nude mice. AB - A human malignant melanoma grown in nude mice was exposed to single-dose X irradiation and the effect on the proliferation kinetics was investigated by two methods. Flow cytometric DNA analysis was performed on tumour tissue obtained by sequential fine-needle aspirations after the treatment to monitor the initial cell cycle distribution changes. The technique of labelled mitoses was used to examine the kinetics of the tumours during regrowth. The results showed that the treatment initially induced a partial synchronization of small fractions of cells accumulated in the G2 phase of the cell cycle and a dose-dependent decrease of the cell generation time due to a shortening of the G1 duration time during regrowth of the tumours. Furthermore, it was shown that the calculated values of growth fraction and cell loss factor became unreliable because the tumours contained a dose-related increasing proportion of radiation-inactivated tumour cells. PMID- 6540186 TI - The effect of time of administration of 5-fluorouracil on leucopenia in the rat. PMID- 6540187 TI - Therapy of Herpes zoster infections. PMID- 6540188 TI - Dibromodulcitol, mitomycin C and vinblastine (DMV) chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - A combination of dibromodulcitol 500 mg orally, mitomycin C 10 mg i.v. and vinblastine 10 mg i.v. all given on day 1 and repeated every 4 weeks was given to 40 patients with advanced breast cancer. All but one had received previous endocrine therapy. The response rate (CR + PR) in 24 previously untreated patients was 66% and was 37% in 16 previously treated patients. The survival of responders was significantly longer than non-responders. Thirty-two per cent of patients experienced nausea and vomiting. There was little myelosuppression or thrombocytopenia on the day of starting a new course of therapy but the haemoglobin dropped by 2 g/dl in 32% of patients during therapy. Thus DMV is a relatively non-toxic active regimen for patients with advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6540189 TI - Bone scintigraphy in patients with operable breast cancer stages I and II. Final conclusion after five-year follow-up. AB - A 5-yr follow-up study was performed in 90 patients with stage I and II breast cancer who had a routine preoperative bone scan. The percentage of positive preoperative scans was 3.4%. Twenty-four of the 90 patients died within 5 yr. In all patients except five a follow-up scan was obtained. The results of our first study were confirmed. In only one of the three patients with a positive preoperative scan suspicious for bone metastases did bone metastases develop in this 5-yr follow-up study. One patient with an equivocal preoperative scan developed bone metastases. In 14 of the 16 patients with bone metastases and a positive scan in the follow-up period the preoperative scan was negative. From the preoperative and follow-up scan results we conclude that in stage I and II breast cancer there is no value in preoperative bone scanning. Routine bone scanning in the follow-up period appears to have little value in the asymptomatic patient. PMID- 6540190 TI - Leucocyte adherence inhibition assay (LAI) in cancer of the oral cavity. AB - Antitumor immunity to oral cancer was assessed in 46 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity using a leucocyte adherence inhibition assay (LAI). The response shown by the leucocytes of oral cancer patients to the oral cancer antigen was compared to that shown by the leucocytes from 10 normal age- and sex-matched healthy controls and 43 patients suffering from other types of cancers. Seventy-six percent of the oral cancer patients showed a high degree of leucocyte adherence inhibition in the presence of the antigen. The specificity of this test was further assessed using combinations of the leucocytes from oral cancer patients with extracts from seven cancers occurring at various other sites and extracts of normal oral tissue. The test was highly specific and the leucocytes of oral cancer patients showed significant inhibition only in the presence of oral cancer extract. The inhibition was between 0 and 30% with most other cancer extracts except in the case of extract from cancer of the cervix, where 4/10 patients showed above 30% inhibition. Specific blocking of the LAI response was observed on addition of sera from oral cancer patients to leucocyte antigen mixtures from oral cancer patients. This effect was not observed on addition of these sera to specific leucocyte-antigen mixtures from other cancer patients. These observations point towards the usefulness of this test in monitoring antitumor immunity in oral cancer patients. PMID- 6540191 TI - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, a frequent complication of mitomycin therapy in cancer patients. AB - Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) has long been recognized as a rare complication in far-advanced malignant tumors. Recently several patients have been described in whom MAHA and renal insufficiency developed as a result of mitomycin therapy. We here describe another five such cases among 50 patients treated with mitomycin. All five cases were observed among the 14 patients who had received four or more doses of the drug. We conclude that MAHA is a frequent and potentially fatal complication of long-term mitomycin treatment. Careful monitoring for the early appearance of schistocytes is mandatory as the syndrome tends to be self-limited if this therapy is discontinued early. PMID- 6540192 TI - Pharmacokinetics of carminomycin in man: biweekly schedule vs single dose every three weeks. AB - Carminomycin was administered to five patients at a dose of 7.5 mg/m2 twice weekly. Plasma and urine samples were obtained during two subsequent 72-hr periods following drug administration, and assayed for carminomycin (C) and carminomycinol (Col) by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Distribution of carminomycin was rapid and drug levels decreased below the detection limit (5 X 10(-9)M) within 24 hr. Carminomycinol appeared very quickly and surpassed carminomycin levels in 10 min-4 hr, disappearing very slowly, with a half-life of 40-98 hr. No major differences in pharmacokinetic behavior were found when comparing the five patients in this study with patients who received 18 mg/m2, as described in a previous report. After the second dose of carminomycin in the 7.5 mg/m2 twice weekly schedule, however, carminomycin pharmacokinetics were found to be altered in comparison with the first dose, the most pronounced difference being an increase in the t1/2 for Col from 65 +/- 28 to 173 +/- 81 hr. PMID- 6540193 TI - Detection of heterogeneity in the chemosensitivity of 9L brain tumor cell lines to 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea by the sister chromatid exchange assay. AB - To investigate the potential use of the sister chromatid exchange assay to analyze the heterogeneity of drug response among tumor cell subpopulations, mixtures of 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea-sensitive (9L) and -resistant (9L2) rat brain tumor cells were treated in vitro with 2 microM 1,3-bis (2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. When data were plotted as histograms representing the number of cells vs sister chromatid exchanges/metaphase, two regions corresponding to the 9L and 9L2 populations were obtained. The approximate percentages of 9L and 9L2 in each mixture could be predicted from these histograms. While these results were obtained with a limited model chosen for its simplicity, they suggest that the sister chromatid exchange assay may be useful in the analysis of heterogeneity in drug sensitivity among cell subpopulations in a tumor. PMID- 6540194 TI - The use of human cancer cell lines as a primary screening system for antineoplastic compounds. AB - Exponentially growing cells of human cancer lines have been utilized to investigate the cytotoxic activity of antineoplastic agents. Different cancer cell lines differ greatly in their responsiveness to both clinical and experimental cytotoxic drugs. For example, sensitivities to 5-fluorouracil and cytosine arabinoside ranged over 15- and 30-fold respectively. Cell lines derived from carcinomas were more sensitive to 5-fluorouracil and less sensitive to cytosine arabinoside than was a leukaemic cell line. In general, colon carcinoma lines were most resistant to DNA-intercalating drugs, and a breast carcinoma and leukaemia line most sensitive. In a congeneric series of amsacrine analogues, in vitro patterns of activity against different lines were shown to correlate with activity against the Lewis lung mouse carcinoma in vivo. Results suggest that established cell lines manifest responsiveness to anticancer drugs consistent with that expected from their tumours of origin. This assay is economical, reproducible and convenient, and could be used to complement the human tumour stem cell assay in drug development studies. PMID- 6540195 TI - Hemostasis and mechanism of action of selective antimetastatic drugs in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The selective antimetastatic agents p-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)benzoic acid potassium salt (DM-COOK), 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and (+/-)1,2-di(3,5-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)propane (ICRF-159) have been shown to markedly depress the formation of spontaneous hematogenous metastases in mice bearing s.c. Lewis lung carcinoma, with a mechanism unrelated to cytotoxicity for tumor cells. The effects on hemostasis of DM-COOK, DTIC and ICRF-159 have thus been examined in comparison with those of a purely cytotoxic agent, cyclophosphamide, in mice bearing i.m. Lewis lung carcinoma. The parameters considered are the number of platelets and their aggregability, prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, plasma fibrinogen concentration and tumor cell procoagulant activity. Slight variations are caused by drug treatment in tumor bearing mice as compared with untreated tumor-bearing controls; the pattern of effects of the selective antimetastatic agents does not differ from that of the reference cytotoxic compound used, cyclophosphamide. These data thus indicate that the effects on hemostasis of the drugs examined can contribute only marginally to their antimetastatic action, since more pronounced effects on hemostasis have been shown to be required to significantly affect metastasis formation. PMID- 6540196 TI - Forskolin stimulates adenylate cyclase in human colonic crypts: interaction with VIP. AB - Forskolin in the 10(-8)-10(-4) M concentration range (ED50 2 microM) strongly stimulated the cyclic AMP production of epithelial crypts isolated from the human colon. At a maximal dose, production increased up to 500 and 700 times the basal cyclic AMP levels at 15 and 37 degrees C, respectively. Forskolin was thus much more efficient than VIP, which is the physiological regulator of this system. Forskolin (ED50 7 microM) also stimulated colonic membrane adenylate cyclase. The stimulation was immediate, did not require guanyl nucleotides and was inhibited by calcium (10(-5)-10(-3) M). In the concentration range between 10(-9) and 10( 5) M (ED50 0.04 microM), forskolin strongly potentiated the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by VIP. We conclude that: (1) forskolin exerts a double dose dependent action on cyclic AMP production in human colonic crypts, i.e. direct activation of basal adenylate cyclase activity and potentiation of VIP effect; (2) forskolin may be a unique pharmacological tool to investigate the cyclic AMP dependent processes in human intestine. PMID- 6540197 TI - The effect of alkyl-lysophospholipids on tritiated thymidine incorporation and clonogenicity in vitro of normal and leukemic human cells. AB - Alkyl-lysophospholipids are analogues of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine which have been reported to have selective antitumor activity. A survey of the in vitro activity of racemic 1-octadecyl-2-methoxy-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine on in vitro clonogenicity in soft agar and tritiated thymidine incorporation was conducted on bone marrow specimens from a series of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) and hematologically normal individuals. A dose- and time-dependent inhibition of colony formation and thymidine incorporation was observed in the normal and leukemic specimens. No selective effect of the compound could be demonstrated under the conditions employed in these studies. PMID- 6540198 TI - The control of rapid limb movement in the cat. IV. Updating of ongoing isometric responses. AB - In cats trained to track a moving display by making rapid, isometric force adjustments, responses are characterized by extremely short reaction times (60-70 ms) and a stereotyped temporal configuration. The animal uses early derivatives of display movement to scale force responses to target stimuli of different sizes according to a learned relationship between initial display motion and required force (Ghez and Vicario 1978a, 1978b). In the present study we altered that relationship by using double stimulation and delayed feedback to assess the animals' ability to update their responses. In experiments where a second target stimulus followed the first after a controlled interval (15-120 ms) on random trials, the animal modified its response in the appropriate direction with little or no increase in reaction time. When the second stimulus called for a return to baseline, the animal aborted the ongoing response. When the second stimulus called for a doubling of force, the animal increased its phasic force output; however, this increase was not sufficient to reach the new target level and late responses were emitted. The control response which followed each experimental double stimulation trial showed consistent differences from other controls in the amplitude of both peak force and peak dF/dt. Control responses following trials calling for a return were reduced in size; those following stimuli requiring response doubling were increased. We concluded that the experimental trials not only elicited modification of ongoing responses but also caused the animal to alter its internalized gain function relating initial display derivatives to required force. In experiments where feedback was delayed after giving a first target stimulus such that the compensatory display failed to reflect the animal's initial response, the animal emitted a new updated response 70-80 ms after the first. The display trajectory which caused the cat to update its response on delayed feedback trial was identical to that of control trials with long reaction times. In this case, however, the information eliciting response updating had to be derived as a difference between the actual display trajectory and that expected by the animal, based on its experience with the tracking task. This suggests that the animal develops an internal model of display properties which is used to determine when a new response is required. PMID- 6540199 TI - Morphine responsiveness and seizure proneness. AB - Previous research demonstrated that following amygdala kindling, animals showed a heightened sensitivity to morphine's convulsive effects and an exaggerated Straub tail response. These effects were evident to 3 months after their last convulsion and could be blocked by naloxone pretreatment. The present paper extends these findings by demonstrating that animals given metrazol or electroshock (ECS) convulsions also showed an enhanced morphine response that was blocked by naltrexone. Both metrazol- and ECS-treated animals convulsed in response to doses of morphine that produced little or no effect in control animals. In addition, it was shown that brain damage induced by electrode implantation or neocortex penetration by skull screws also increased an animal's sensitivity to morphine even in the absence of prior convulsions. This effect, however, could not be blocked by naltrexone. Finally, as opiate receptors vary with the diurnal rhythm, we determined that following amygdala kindling, animals are more sensitive to morphine's convulsive action during their dark phase when receptor number and sensitivity are highest. The results indicated that seizure proneness, whether induced by a history of prior convulsions or brain damage, increased sensitivity to morphine. This effect may be due to a change in opiate receptors only when prior convulsions have occurred. PMID- 6540200 TI - Stereochemical course of pheromone biosynthesis in the arctiid moth, Creatonotos transiens. AB - The biosynthetic conversion of a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (heliotrine, IV) to a male moth pheromone (hydroxydanaidal, III) is found to proceed with inversion of configuration at the remaining asymmetric center (C-7). PMID- 6540201 TI - Melatonin in the plasma of growing sheep subjected to short and skeleton long photoperiods. AB - The levels of melatonin in plasma were measured at hourly intervals for 24 h in 8 sheep, 4 under 8L:16D (short day) and 4 under 7L:10D:1L:6D (skeleton long day) after 38 days of exposure. Mean concentrations did not differ significantly between treatments (52 pg/ml under short days; 91 pg/ml for skeleton long days), but the levels were more stable during 24 h in the SD treatment. Under skeleton long days there were 3 peaks during the 10D scotophase, with low levels during the 6D scotophase and the 7L photophase. PMID- 6540202 TI - Can postictal suppression of the perforant path - fascia dentata responses account for the ECS-induced anterograde amnesia in rats? AB - Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) decreases fascia dentata responses to entorhinal stimulation by 50% in unanesthetized rats. Synaptic potentials and population spikes return to pre-ECS level during 1 h and 3 h, respectively. This recovery rate is compared with the dynamics of ECS-induced anterograde amnesia. PMID- 6540203 TI - Inhibition of testosterone biosynthesis by ethanol: relation to the pregnenolone to-testosterone pathway. AB - The concentrations of metabolites in the pregnenolone in equilibrium testosterone pathway were determined in freeze-stopped testes in control rats and during ethanol intoxication (2 h after injection of 1.5 g ethanol/kg body wt). Ethanol lowered the mean testicular concentrations of testosterone (by 63-74%), androstenedione (49-81%), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (60-76%), progesterone (29-67%) and pregnenolone (12-25%). 4-Methylpyrazole had no effect on the ethanol-induced changes. The present results reveal no inhibition at the 17-hydroxyprogesterone-- -androstenedione----testosterone steps, but do not exclude inhibition before the step yielding pregnenolone and at the pregnenolone----progesterone----17 hydroxyprogesterone steps. PMID- 6540204 TI - Biosynthesis of intestinal microvillar proteins. Rapid expression of cytoskeletal components in microvilli of pig small intestinal mucosal explants. AB - Using alkaline extraction to separate cytoskeletal and membrane proteins of intestinal microvilli, the kinetics of assembly of these two microvillar protein compartments was studied by pulse-chase labelling of pig small intestinal mucosal explants, kept in organ culture. Following a 10 min pulse of [35S]methionine, the membrane proteins did not appear in the microvillar fraction until after 40-60 min of chase. In contrast, the cytoskeletal components, of which the 110-kDa protein and villin were immunologically identified, were expressed in the microvillar fraction immediately after the 10 min pulse. These different kinetics of appearance indicate that the two microvillar protein compartments have separate mechanisms of biosynthesis and microvillar expression. PMID- 6540205 TI - Binding of actin to chromaffin granules and mitochondrial fractions of adrenal medulla. AB - Binding of actin to chromaffin granules was confirmed and shown to be salt dependent and eliminated by prior trypsin treatment of the granules. However, purified granules bind less actin than do crude granules. A mitochondria-enriched fraction was found to bind substantially more actin per mg protein than did the secretory vesicle fraction. Binding of actin by the secretory vesicles therefore is not a good indication that actin plays an active role in exocytosis. PMID- 6540206 TI - Evidence for the presence of tropomyosin in the cytoskeletons of ADP- and thrombin-stimulated blood platelets. AB - Stimulation of porcine platelets with ADP or thrombin and subsequent analyses of their cytoskeletons by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have shown the presence of a 30.5-kDa polypeptide in the cytoskeletons of activated as well as aggregated platelets. This polypeptide comigrates with pure porcine platelet tropomyosin in SDS gels, their mobilities being similarly and markedly decreased in the presence of 6 M urea. One-dimensional peptide mapping after limited proteolysis by Staphylococcus aureus protease gives the same pattern for pure tropomyosin and the 30.5-kDa polypeptide. This latter may thus be identified as the porcine platelet tropomyosin subunit, the role of which may not be solely structural. PMID- 6540207 TI - Inner and outer complexes of Pt-coordination compounds with DNA probed by SERS spectroscopy. AB - Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been used to study the interfacial behaviour of DNA modified by cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2, (cis-DDP) and [Pt (dien)Cl]Cl bidentate and monodentate platinum coordination compounds, respectively. Two stereochemical configurations of Pt-DNA complexes can be deduced from the adsorption behaviour of the Pt adducts. The antitumoral inactive [Pt-(dien)Cl] Cl forms an outer complex whereas the antitumoral active cis-DDP favours an inner complex. PMID- 6540208 TI - Effects of VIP and forskolin on alanine metabolism in isolated hepatocytes. AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and of forskolin on alanine metabolism in hepatocytes isolated from fed and fasted rats were examined. VIP and 17 microM forskolin stimulated glucose production, gluconeogenesis from alanine, and ureagenesis, and inhibited glyconeogenesis to comparable degrees. However, combination of 17 microM forskolin with a maximal dose of VIP significantly augmented only the inhibition of glyconeogenesis. At 100 microM, forskolin induced metabolic responses comparable to those induced by glucagon, but similarly, in combination with maximal doses of VIP or glucagon, augmented only inhibition of glycogen synthesis. In addition to demonstrating modulation of alanine metabolism by VIP and forskolin, these results raise questions about the nature of the coupling between VIP receptor occupancy and metabolic response. PMID- 6540209 TI - Measurement of urinary estrogen level with the urinary estrogen micrometry method in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer therapy. AB - We have evaluated a new micrometering kit using hemagglutination inhibition reaction for determination of total estrogens in urine of normal fertile women and women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The micrometering kit was sensitive enough to monitor follicular maturation, and its technique was simple and rapid. Results were obtained in 2.5 hours. By the analysis of the individual estrogen levels in urine collected every 4 hours from 20 IVF-ET patients, the following results were found, with a few exceptions: once the level had exceeded 60 ng/ml, the onset of the luteinizing hormone surge was induced within the next 72 hours; when the level had been under 60 ng/ml, the onset was not induced within the next 24 hours PMID- 6540210 TI - Peritoneal fluid and serum steroids in infertility patients. AB - Peritoneal fluid and serum were collected from 78 patients at the time of laparoscopy. Twenty-two were fertile controls (CTL), and 56 were infertility patients, who were subdivided into three main groups: endometriosis (EMS), pelvic adhesions (ADH), and ovarian dysfunction (OvDF). Based on control group data, biochemical criteria indicative of the presence of a stigma, S(+), were established: (1) serum progesterone (P) greater than or equal to 2 ng/ml, (2) peritoneal fluid P greater than or equal to 50 ng/ml, and (3) peritoneal fluid/serum ratio of P greater than or equal to 3. Direct visualization by laparoscopy showed that 21% CTL, 75% EMS, 69% ADH, and 56% OvDF subjects had luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome. Biochemical criteria, however, demonstrated only 7% CTL, 37% EMS, 23% ADH, and 56% OvDF subjects had LUF. Peritoneal fluid estradiol (E2) and P concentrations and total content were significantly lower in LUF than in non-LUF patients, whereas serum E2 and P concentrations were not different between the two groups. Values for testosterone and androstenedione in peritoneal fluid and serum were similar between these two groups. Endometrial dating in LUF versus non-LUF patients were also similar. The usual indicators of ovulation, i.e., serum P, endometrial dating, and basal body temperature, failed to identify LUF. The diagnosis of LUF can be best made by P assay of peritoneal fluid and serum. PMID- 6540211 TI - A study of the wear characteristics of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene sliding against glass. PMID- 6540212 TI - The bond strength and ageing of plasma-sprayed coatings of alumina on metal substrates. PMID- 6540213 TI - Cancellous bone strength measurements with the osteopenetrometer. PMID- 6540214 TI - Wear tests on alumina for application in heart valve prostheses. PMID- 6540215 TI - Some time dependent properties of the intervertebral joint when under compression. PMID- 6540216 TI - The measurement of broadband ultrasonic attenuation in cancellous bone. PMID- 6540217 TI - [Pedigree in which multiple pregnancy is combined with sterility]. AB - A case of simultaneous hereditary transmission of twinning and sterility in a jewish family from Novosibirsk is described. The both characters are transmitted by male and female. It is suggested that twinning and sterility are connected with the action of one dominant mutation with multiple pleiotropic action on propagation system. The action of two alleles in homozygotes is additive. The importance of special search for and study of similar situations for understanding mechanisms of twinning and sterility occurrence in man is discussed. PMID- 6540218 TI - [Effect of induced chromosomal rearrangements on the fertility and viability of Anopheles atroparvus]. AB - Partial sterility in 3 strains of malarial mosquito Anopheles atroparvus with heterozygous chromosomal rearrangements In2(R;L) 1+In2L1; In3(R;L) 1+D3R1; T(2R;3R)1 was studied. Fertility of these lines was decreased 2.5 to 5 times, as compared with the control. No homozygotes for rearrangements were detected. Causes for partial sterility of insects with heterozygous insertions, translocations and the significance of constructing homozygous strains are discussed. PMID- 6540219 TI - [Neuromuscular dysfunction of the lower urinary tract in women]. PMID- 6540220 TI - [Case of circular resection of the thoracic segment of the trachea for angiofibrosarcoma in an 8-year-old child]. PMID- 6540221 TI - Weekly cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II as induction chemotherapy in recurrent carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Twenty-four evaluable patients with recurrent carcinoma of the cervix after previous pelvic irradiation were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II (cis-DDP). Of the 14 patients who received low-dose (1 mg/kg) weekly induction cis-DDP, 10 (71%) responded, 6 (43%) of which were complete responses. Four (40%) of the ten patients who received high-dose (100 mg/m2) monthly cis-DDP responded, two of which were complete responses. Maintenance of these responses by combination chemotherapy which includes cis-DDP remains a significant problem. PMID- 6540222 TI - Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose corticosteroids and droperidol in cisplatin induced emesis: a controlled trial with droperidol and metoclopramide. AB - The nausea and vomiting associated with cisplatin chemotherapy make care of the patient more difficult for nurses and physicians, can cause severe metabolic and pathologic sequelae, and preclude further courses of chemotherapy. Current reports suggest that the two most efficacious agents for antiemetic prophylaxis are metoclopramide and corticosteroids. These two agents in combination with droperidol have been compared in a randomized controlled prospective fashion. Patients had less nausea and vomiting on the steroidal regimen than the nonsteroidal regimen (P less than 0.05), and the duration of nausea and vomiting was significantly less on the steroidal regimen (P less than 0.05). Patients expressed a preference for the steroidal regimen over the nonsteroidal one and the steroidal regimen retained its antiemetic effectiveness through repeated courses of chemotherapy. The results of the study suggest that corticosteroids and droperidol are superior antiemetic agents for cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6540223 TI - Effect of some abiotic factors on the survival of dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs in laboratory conditions. AB - In the present work the results obtained from the study of the effect of temperature, RH, UV radiation and day-night thermal variations, in controlled laboratory conditions, on the survival of D. dendriticum eggs in sheep faeces are described. Mortality was seen to be maximum with a RH of 75-80% and temperatures higher than 18 degrees C. The results are compared with those obtained in natural conditions. It is suggested that the final cause of the mortality of the eggs both in laboratory and natural conditions could be the action of some microorganisms. PMID- 6540224 TI - [Morphine tolerance and dependence liability in NRGC-destructed rats]. AB - The nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (NRGC), including the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis (NRPG), of male Sprague Dawley rats was destructed bilaterally by DC 0.5 mA for 40 sec (D-rats). Morphine analgesia estimated by the tail pinch method in 4 and 10 days morphine treated sham operated rats (S-rats), of which the test doses were 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, was equal to or smaller than the analgesia by 5 mg/kg in non treated S-rats. Morphine analgesia at 5 mg/kg in non-treated D-rats was weaker than that in S-rats. Morphine analgesia in 4 and 10 days morphine treated D-rats, of which the test doses were 40 and 80 mg/kg, respectively, was stronger than the analgesia by 5 mg/kg but weaker than that by 20 mg/kg in non-treated D-rats. These results indicate development of morphine tolerance in S- and D-rats. Reverse of diurnal variation in body weight and disappearance of diurnal variation in body temperature and in plasma corticosterone concentration (Pcs) were observed similarly in S- and D-rats during morphine treatment. Body weight loss, increase in Pcs and plasma ACTH concentration, and increase in adrenal weight were elicited by morphine withdrawal in both morphine treated S- and D rats. These signs during morphine treatment and after morphine abstinence indicate the development of morphine dependence in D-rats. These results suggest that the NRGC participates in development of morphine analgesia, but does not participate in development of morphine tolerance and dependence. PMID- 6540225 TI - [Antihyperlipidemic effect of iodine egg: search for active ingredients and their iodine contents]. AB - Active fractions that possess the hypocholesterolemic effect of iodine egg yolk lipid fraction have been investigated with male Wistar strain rats fed on a cholesterol-rich diet. Iodine egg yolk lipid was extracted by Folch's (chloroform: methanol) method and was refractionated into a neutral lipid (IEY NL) fraction and a polar lipid (IEY-PL) fraction. The iodine content in each fraction was determined. The animals were kept on the cholesterol-rich diet for 5 days, and then they were fed the fractions in addition to the above diet for 10 more days. The hypocholesterolemic effect was seen most significantly with the IEY-NL fraction. The serum total cholesterol level in rats receiving this fraction was 70% as compared with that of the Ch group (fed on the cholesterol diet). However, the liver total cholesterol level was not affected or rather increased by the IEY-NL fraction. Another fraction (IEY-PL) showed no such effect. Iodine content in the IEY-NL fraction was quite low (0.2 ppm) compared with the other fractions. The daily dose in terms of iodine in the IEY-NL fraction was only the amount equivalent to 1/50 of the reported daily requirement for the rat. The IEY-NL fraction induced the hypocholesterolemic effect, though it contained only a trace of iodine. PMID- 6540226 TI - Effects of sorbic acid and its salts on chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and gene mutations in cultured Chinese hamster cells. AB - The ability of sorbic acid and its potassium and sodium salts to induce chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and gene mutations in cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells was examined. Sodium sorbate caused significant induction of chromosome aberrations and SCE, and also induced 6 thioguanine-resistant mutations in a dose-dependent manner. The clastogenic potency of sodium sorbate was found to be less than one hundredth of that of the potent clastogen N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The induction of SCE by sodium sorbate was twice the control level, whereas that by methyl methanesulphonate, a potent inducer of SCE, was 14 times the control level. The mutagenic potency of sodium sorbate was less than one-tenth that of ethyl methanesulphonate, a potent inducer of mutation, when compared at an equitoxic level. Sorbic acid and its potassium salt induced chromosome aberrations, but only at the highest doses tested. These compounds also induced 1.2 times the control level of SCE, but neither compound induced 6-thioguanine-resistant mutations. The cytogenetic activity of sodium sorbate was concluded not to be due to the effect of osmotic pressure or an impurity. These results indicate that sodium sorbate is a genotoxic agent, although its potency seems to be weak, and that sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are less genotoxic than the sodium salt. PMID- 6540227 TI - Teratogenicity of thiabendazole in ICR mice. AB - Thiabendazole (TBZ) was tested for teratogenicity using Jcl:ICR mice. TBZ suspended in olive oil was given orally to pregnant mice at different stages of organogenesis. All foetuses were removed from the uterus on day 18 of gestation, and were examined for external and skeletal anomalies. In mice given 700, 1300 or 2400 mg TBZ/kg body weight/day on days 7-15 of gestation, dose-dependent external and skeletal anomalies, especially cleft palate and fusion of vertebrae, were observed. In mice given a single dose of TBZ (2400 mg/kg) on any one of days 6 13, an increased number of malformations was observed. Various types of malformation occurred, especially in the mice treated on day 9. Reduction deformity of limbs was found in mice given TBZ on days 9-12, a change that has not previously been observed to occur spontaneously in normal ICR mice in our laboratory. In order to determine a dose-response relationship, groups of mice were given one of 17 doses of TBZ (30-2400 mg/kg) on day 9 of gestation. The number of litters having foetuses with reduction deformity of limbs and of those having foetuses with skeletal fusion increased in proportion to the dose of TBZ. The regression lines of Y (probit response) on X (log dose) for reduction deformity of limbs and for skeletal fusion were Y = 2.47X - 3.65 and Y = 1.54X + 0.48, respectively. The effective doses (ED1) for the two malformations were 362.0 and 26.4 mg/kg, respectively. PMID- 6540228 TI - [Biotransformation of monolinuron (N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-methyl-N'methoxyurea) in isolated perfused chicken liver]. AB - The biotransformation of radioactively labelled monolinuron (N-(4-chloro[U 14C]phenyl)-N'-methyl-N'-methoxyurea) was studied in the isolated perfused liver of the chicken. After a 4-hr perfusion, 83.1% of the added radioactivity was recovered, 56.6% in the perfusion medium and 26.5% in the liver and bile. The fraction of radioactivity extractable from the perfusion medium into ethyl acetate amounted to 47.8% of the added dose. In addition to monolinuron, five breakdown products were identified in this extract, namely N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N' hydroxymethyl-N'-methoxyurea, N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-methoxyurea, N-(4 chlorophenyl)-N'-methylurea, 4-chlorophenylurea and 4-chloroacetanilide. Of particular interest was the absence of arylhydroxylated monolinuron derivatives, since in monolinuron-metabolism studies in the laying hen 2-hydroxy-4 chlorophenylurea and 3-hydroxy-4-chlorophenylurea were both detected. This differing metabolism corresponds to earlier findings in the rat, in which arylhydroxylated breakdown products were detected only in in vivo studies and not in rat-liver perfusion. Possible reasons for the differing metabolism of monolinuron in vivo and in vitro are discussed. PMID- 6540229 TI - Quantitative evaluation of sensory irritating and neurobehavioural properties of aliphatic ketones in mice. AB - A decrease in respiratory rate resulting from irritation of upper airways and a decrease in duration of immobility in a 'behavioural despair' swimming test occurred in mice during and following short-term inhalation exposures to some commonly used aliphatic ketones. Linear concentration-effect relationships were obtained that allowed two different median active levels (MALs) to be calculated. MALs that produced a 50% decrease in respiratory rate (RD50) were calculated as indicators of the sensory irritation potency of diisobutyl ketone, mesityl oxide, methyl amyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone and methyl propyl ketone. MALs that produced a 50% decrease in immobility (ID50) were determined for acetone, isophorone, mesityl oxide, methyl amyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and methyl propyl ketone. The systematic determination of MALs permits classification of ketones in terms of their relative potencies for eliciting a given effect. The lowest MAL indicates the primary manifestation of toxicity, against which protection should be taken. MALs associated with such critical responses may be useful in the establishment of safe levels of occupational exposure to ketones, a conclusion supported by the linear relationship that was found to exist between MALs and occupational standards. PMID- 6540230 TI - Evaluation of histological changes in the kidneys of the alloxan diabetic rat by means of factor analysis. AB - Renal histopathology data, obtained in a 3-month feeding study of the effects of different carbohydrates and polyols in the alloxan diabetic rat, have been subjected to factor analysis. The results indicate a primary and a secondary effect of the diabetic state on the kidney of the rat. The primary effect, the 'diabetes factor', was associated with hyperglycaemia and was responsible for dilatation of proximal and distal tubules in the cortex and the formation of dilated distal tubules with coarsely vacuolated, glycogen-containing epithelial cells. The secondary effect, named the 'individual response factor', was associated with inflammatory processes. In both males and females it included a 'degeneration factor' which manifested itself in an increased number of basophilic tubules and a thickening of basal laminae in the Bowman's capsules. In males it also involved a 'protein factor', which caused expansion of the mesangial matrix and the appearance of proximal tubules filled with eosinophilic material and lined with vacuolated epithelial cells. The analysis indicates that the kidneys of alloxan diabetic rats fed diets containing polyols were affected less than those of rats fed diets containing carbohydrates. PMID- 6540231 TI - Principal components analysis of haematological data from F344 rats with bladder cancer fed N-(ethyl)-all-trans-retinamide. AB - Several multivariate statistical methods are available which can alleviate the problems of analysing the large volumes of data generated from toxicological experiments. One such technique, principal components analysis, provides a method for exploring the relationships between a number of variables (such as blood parameters) and for eliminating redundant data if strong correlations exist between the characters. It also provides a method for clustering individuals, which may reveal similarities between animals in a treatment group or highlight individual 'outliers'. The application of principal components analysis to a set of haematological data from a trial evaluating the efficacy of a synthetic retinoid against carcinogen-induced bladder cancer in the rat has clearly shown, in two bivariate plots, that while some animals in the carcinogen-treated groups were normal, others were anaemic and that animals fed the synthetic retinoid and killed at 1 year had a microcytic anaemia. A full exploration of the data using conventional univariate statistical analysis would have involved at least 28 graphic representations of the data, as well as the interpretation of more than 130 means and SDs. Principal components analysis provides a valuable additional tool for the statistical analysis and exploration of toxicological data, but it must be used in conjunction with univariate or other multivariate methods if hypothesis testing is required. The use of multivariate techniques in toxicology may best be assessed by their practical application to toxicological data, and this paper presents such an evaluation with the aim of encouraging further exploration of the usefulness of principal components analysis. The raw data on which most analyses have been carried out are given. PMID- 6540232 TI - Elimination of toxicity from diets containing alfalfa seeds. AB - Cynomolgus macaques were fed autoclaved alfalfa seeds for up to 1 yr. There were no humoral signs of a syndrome resembling systemic lupus erythematosus. The data are in contrast to those previously reported in monkeys fed raw alfalfa seeds, in which a systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome was induced in a shorter interval. The autoclaved seeds retained antihypercholesterolaemic effects. PMID- 6540233 TI - [The major histocompatibility system in man and systemic lupus erythematosus. (SLE). II. HLA antigens in SLE in the Slovak population]. PMID- 6540234 TI - [Personality factors in patients with diseases of the locomotor system]. PMID- 6540235 TI - [Tietze's syndrome as a manifestation of the metastasis of Grawitz's adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6540236 TI - [A new concept of Forestiere's disease--senile ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine]. PMID- 6540238 TI - External physical examination of stillborns. PMID- 6540237 TI - Phenotyping of canine lymphoma with monoclonal antibodies directed at cell surface antigens: classification, morphology, clinical presentation and response to chemotherapy. AB - Forty cases of naturally occurring canine lymphoma were studied using a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies which identify defined subsets of normal canine lymphocytes. The distribution of phenotypes was similar to that which is seen in man in that the majority (78 per cent) of canine lymphomas were of B-cell origin but a definite minority were phenotypically of T-cell (10 per cent) or non-B, non T-cell (12 per cent) origin. The expression of Ia-like antigens was restricted to B-cell neoplasms. Within each histologic subgroup of canine lymphomas there was considerable heterogeneity of cell surface marker expression. Immunophenotype appeared to correlate with clinical presentation. Finally, the reactivity of lymphoma cells with murine monoclonal antibody DLy-6, an antibody which appears to react with a differentiation antigen on canine B and T cells, strongly predicted the outcome of initial induction chemotherapy in that all ten evaluable dogs with DLy-6-tumors achieved complete responses to initial chemotherapy while only four of 11 dogs with DLy-6+ tumors responded completely. PMID- 6540239 TI - Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: an ultrastructural study. AB - The fine structures of three fibrous hamartomas of infancy were studied. All three components of these lesions were examined. The principal cells in the fibrous and myxoid areas were fibroblasts. Cells with stellate cytoplasmic projections were more prominent in myxoid areas. Myofibroblasts were abundant in two cases and not in the other. The adipose tissue component was formed by lipocytes and occasional preadipose fibroblasts. Blood vessels were more numerous in myxoid areas. Larger vessels were accompanied by smaller vessels and by clusters of cells with primitive junctions, suggesting early blood vessel formation. Some small vessels were surrounded by concentric layers of mesenchymal cells, as if attempting to form media. Electron microscopy seems to confirm the hamartomatous nature of fibrous hamartomas of infancy. The lesion appears to recapitulate the formation of blood vessels and fat, as seen in fetal tissues. Cellular myxoid areas showed prominent vasoformative proliferation, which decreased in the adipose tissue and was least prominent in the dense fibrous component. The latter may represent the end stage of the fibrous proliferation. PMID- 6540240 TI - Primary choriocarcinoma of the urinary bladder in association with undifferentiated carcinoma. AB - A carcinoma of the urinary bladder with a distinct choriocarcinomatous component that developed in a postmenopausal woman was associated with high titers of circulating chorionic gonadotropin. The diagnosis was supported by histochemical demonstration of human chorionic gonadotropin in syncytial tumor giant cells and electron microscopic features consistent with syncytiotrophoblastic cell differentiation. PMID- 6540241 TI - Y-dependent polypeptides identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of monozygotic X0 and XY fibroblasts. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of X0 and XY fibroblasts from a monozygotic twin pair reveals two Y-dependent polypeptides. The polypeptides have molecular weights and isoelectric points of 38,000/6.3 and 30,000/5.4 and are designated as Y-38 and Y-30. PMID- 6540242 TI - Identical twins with deletion 16q syndrome: evidence that 16q12.2-q13 is the critical band region. AB - An interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 16 has been identified in identical twins. These patients are strikingly similar phenotypically to previously reported cases of deletion 16q syndrome but differ chromosomally in that their deletion involves the 16q12.2-q13 rather than the 16q21. We propose that the 16q12.2-q13 is the "critical region" in the production of this rare but distinctive phenotype. PMID- 6540243 TI - Immunoglobulin-containing cells and the origin of immunoglobulins in the respiratory tract of sheep. AB - The amounts of immunoglobulins formed in the respiratory tract of sheep were investigated by comparing the distribution of radiolabelled immunoglobulin between plasma and lymph from the caudal mediastinal lymph node efferent duct which drains 50-70% of lung lymph. In addition, immunoglobulin-containing cells in the lymph node lymph and in the respiratory mucosa were counted by immunofluorescence. Whereas 91.6 +/- 5.92% and 67.73 +/- 10.07% of IgG1 and IgG2 respectively were plasma-derived, only 35.89 +/- 7.09% of IgA was plasma-derived. IgM and albumin were wholly plasma-derived. There was no evidence for selective transport of any immunoglobulins from plasma into lymph. It was estimated that mediastinal lymph node lymph contributed 0.12 g IgA to the circulation daily, the bulk of this being of local origin. There were only few cells expressing IgA in the caudal mediastinal lymph node and its efferent lymph indicating that, unlike gut-associated lymphoid tissue, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in sheep is not a major site of IgA cell precursor production. Despite this finding, IgA was the most frequent isotype of Ig-expressing cells in the respiratory mucosa and it is concluded that the locally formed IgA in lymph node lymph originated from mucosal plasma cells. IgM- and IgG-expressing cells were much less numerous than IgA-cells in the mucosa, but were the predominant isotype in the caudal mediastinal lymph node and regional lymph nodes and in mediastinal lymph node efferent lymph. These experiments have established that the respiratory tract of sheep is qualitatively similar to the intestine with respect to immunoglobulin synthesis in that the bulk of IgA is locally derived and a smaller but significant local contribution of IgG1 and IgG2 occurs, but that it is a poor source of IgA cell precursors. This implies that the IgA plasma cell population in the respiratory mucosa probably originates from distant mucosal sites. PMID- 6540244 TI - Immunostimulatory effect of cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (II). AB - Cis-diamine dichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) injected i.p. or i.v. at the dosage of 0.83 mg/kg to BALB/c mice on days 0, 7 and 14 elicited antibodies against proteins (RSA, BGG) and haptens (TNP, FITC) detectable by ELISA or by passive haemagglutination. Significant increase in antibody production was observed with either route of DDP application. A similar set of antibodies against antigens which do not cross-react with the immunizing proteins was observed when mice were immunized with complexes formed by an in vitro incubation of RSA and BGG with DDP. Thus, proteins modified in vivo or in vitro by DDP may stimulate the production of antibodies of unexpected specificities. PMID- 6540245 TI - Studies on polycystic ovaries of neonatally androgenized rats. PMID- 6540246 TI - Effects of cis-platinum on embryonal carcinoma cell lines in vitro. AB - Human and mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells lines were compared with several cell lines of a more differentiated phenotype for their relative sensitivities to the cytotoxic effects of cis-platinum (cis-diamine-dichloroplatinum; CDDP); EC lines were among the most sensitive. Furthermore, several markers of EC cell differentiation were not induced by CDDP, irrespective of the concentration of the drug used. These data provide an explanation for the relative sensitivity of the EC cells in non-seminomatous germ-cell tumors to cis-platinum therapy. PMID- 6540247 TI - Enhancement of lung-colonizing ability of cloned low-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cells by treatment with highly polar compounds. AB - Treatment of low-metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma cells (P-29) with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in vitro enhanced their lung-colonizing ability. The effects of other highly polar compounds on the lung-colonizing ability of P-29 cells were examined. The following compounds were found to enhance the lung colonizing ability of the cells: acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, piperidone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide. Treatment of P-29 cells with DMSO or other polar compounds resulted in increases in activities of degradative enzymes, such as cathepsin B and plasminogen activator. The increases in cathepsin B and plasminogen activator activities were apparent after a 24 h treatment with DMSO and were suppressed by simultaneous treatment with cycloheximide, which suggested that they were due to syntheses of new proteins. DMSO-treated P-29 cells degraded [3H]leucine-labelled subendothelial matrix much more than did untreated cells. P-29 cells treated with DMSO or other polar compounds became attached to culture dishes more rapidly and were more resistant to detachment by trypsin treatment than untreated cells. A significant correlation was found between the degrees of adhesiveness of P-29 cells treated with various polar compounds and their lung-colonizing abilities. PMID- 6540248 TI - Bacterial endocarditis of the aortic valve associated with diaphragmatic sub aortic stenosis--account of two operated cases. AB - We report two cases of subvalvular aortic stenosis associated with a postendocarditic aortic valvular insufficiency. Although the aortic valvular disease had been diagnosed preoperatively, only the direct intraoperative observation and the histological examination of the removed valve revealed evidence of the endocarditis. Because of the seriously altered condition of the valvular tissue, treatment in both cases consisted of implantation of a mechanical prosthesis. Follow-up revealed no evidence of septic relapse. PMID- 6540249 TI - Effect of the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor Dazoxiben (UK 37-248) on the metabolism of antipyrine in patients with enhanced platelet aggregation. AB - The effect of the imidazole derivative Dazoxiben (400 mg daily for 1 week) on antipyrine metabolism was examined in six patients with enhanced platelet aggregation. No significant change in antipyrine saliva pharmacokinetics occurred before or after Dazoxiben treatment. The rate of formation of the three main oxidative antipyrine metabolites was similar before and after Dazoxiben. Although Dazoxiben belongs chemically to the imidazole derivatives, which exhibit inhibitory activity on drug metabolism, no influence on antipyrine disposition could be detected. PMID- 6540250 TI - Darier's disease in twins. PMID- 6540251 TI - Argon laser treatment of hemangiomas in children. AB - Argon laser photocoagulation has become the treatment of choice for vascular cutaneous lesions of the head and neck. In children under age 12 years the results have been poor in more than 50% of cases. This is the result of limited response and increased risk of hypertrophic scarring. Except for infants with complications of capillary hemangiomas of infancy we would not recommend argon laser treatment in children under the age of 12. PMID- 6540252 TI - Eustachian tube closing failure in children with persistent middle ear effusion. AB - One important role of the Eustachian tube is to protect the middle ear from the extensive physiological pressure variations that take place in the nasopharynx, for example on sniffing. In a previous investigation in 50 children with persistent middle ear effusion a surprisingly high percentage of ears were evacuated by sniffing. The present study was undertaken in a second series of children, and results were found to be reproducible. In total 156 ears in 100 children have been investigated. In 63% of ears (73% of subjects) evacuation of the middle ear took place on sniffing. Results show that Eustachian tube malfunction in these subjects is characterized by a reduced protective function; a condition denoted "Eustachian tube closing failure". PMID- 6540253 TI - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) gastric tissue levels in the rat after truncal vagotomy and/or pre-hepatic portal hypertension. AB - Three groups of female Wistar rats were considered to study the pathophysiologic changes induced by truncal vagotomy and/or prehepatic portal hypertension. The first group was subjected to transabdominal bilateral truncal vagotomy (T.V.) and Heinecke-Mikulicz pyloroplasty, the second group to main portal vein partial stenosis (P.P.S.), and the third one simultaneously to T.V. plus P.P.S. The rats were sacrificed and the stomach homogenized. The separation and simultaneous measurement of gastric prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) resulted from high performance liquid chromatography (H.P.L.C.). Mass spectrometry (M.S.) was used for identification of several gastric PGE1 samples in purified extracts. Control rats were also sacrificed and examined. With regard to PGE1 gastric contents, the following results are reported: 1.2405 +/- 0.1356 micrograms/g (control rats), 0.786 +/- 0.1296 micrograms/g (T.V. rats), 1.8495 +/- 0.3433 micrograms/g (P.P.S. rats), and 1.2754 +/- 0.1154 micrograms/g (T.V. + P.P.S. rats). The interpretation of results is made at the moment on a hypothetical basis. PMID- 6540254 TI - [Primary anal herpes]. AB - A case of primary anal herpes is documented. Therapy with intravenous acyclovir is demonstrated. PMID- 6540255 TI - Antimicrobial studies of the essential oil of the berries of Juniperus macropoda Boiss. PMID- 6540256 TI - Hypertropic cardiomyopathy and hyperthyroidism in the cat. AB - In a 21/2-year period, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found at necropsy of 23 cats that died (13 cats) or were euthanatized (10) because of problems associated with hyperthyroidism. Of these, 4 (17%) also had evidence of cardiac failure (pulmonary edema or pleural effusion). The mean body weight of the cats with hyperthyroidism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was significantly less (P less than 0.001) than that of clinically normal cats and cats with primary cardiomyopathy (congestive or restrictive) or excessive moderator band cardiomyopathy. In addition, the ratio of heart weight to body weight was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in the 23 hyperthyroid cats than in the normal cats and cats with primary cardiomyopathy. Twenty (87%) of the cats had symmetric hypertrophy of the ventricular septum and left ventricular free wall, whereas the remaining 3 cats had disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum, compared with the free wall, similar to what is found in cats with asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Histologic cardiac abnormalities included large, hyperchromatic nuclei, interstitial fibrosis, endocardial fibroplasia, fibrosis of the atrioventricular node, and marked disorganization of cardiac muscle cells. The study showed that hypertrophic cardiomyopathy develops in most hyperthyroid cats, some of which also develop congestive heart failure. Although the signs of heart disease in primary myocardial disease and thyrotoxic disease are similar, the characteristic signalment and clinical signs of hyperthyroidism should lead one to suspect the association of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with the hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6540257 TI - Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity in dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus. AB - Plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was measured by radioimmunoassay in 45 dogs with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) were found in dogs with acute GDV and in the fasted state after surgical treatment and recovery. The data suggested that dogs that have had GDV may have preexisting high plasma gastrin immunoreactivity. In dogs with acute GDV, plasma gastrin immunoreactivity was not found to be helpful in formulating prognosis. Circumcostal gastropexy did not affect plasma gastrin immunoreactivity. PMID- 6540258 TI - Postnatal litter size effects on growth and reproduction in rats. AB - The effects of postnatal litter size on pre- and postweaning growth, daughter's litter size and rebreeding performance of the dam were examined in rats that had undergone 14 generations of selection for rate (LG) or efficiency (LE) of postweaning protein gain followed by relaxed selection, and in a randomly selected control line (C). Data came from generations 23 to 24 (standardized litters) and 25 to 26 (unstandardized litters). Generation 25 dams were remated at weaning for two additional parities. Regressions of average pup weight on average postnatal litter size were negative and increased in magnitude from birth to weaning, but decreased with parity number. Average litter size from birth to weaning (3 wk) affected postweaning weights at 5 and 7 wk, but compensatory growth occurred, especially during wk 3 to 5. The effect of dam's litter size (the litter in which the daughter was born) on daughter's weight was still negative and significant at mating and affected litter size of daughters. This negative maternal effect on daughter's litter size was larger when the dam's litter was not standardized. Litter size weaned also affected rebreeding interval of females. PMID- 6540259 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of the plant estrogens coumestrol and isoflavones in animal feed. AB - A simplified procedure is described for the cleanup and determination of the 5 main plant estrogens in animal feed: coumestrol, genistein, biochanin A, daidzein, and formononetin. The estrogens are extracted with ethanol and purified on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. All 5 plant estrogens are separated in an isocratic liquid chromatographic system and quantitated by UV and fluorescence responses. The method is sensitive to about 2.5 ppm coumestrol and 10 ppm of the isoflavones. PMID- 6540260 TI - Survey of fresh vegetables for nematodes, amoebae, and Salmonella. AB - Contamination by nematodes, amoebae, and bacteria of the genus Salmonella was estimated in a 2-year survey of salad vegetables obtained from wholesale and retail sources. The vegetables examined were cucumbers, cabbage, lettuce, celery, carrots, radishes, tomatoes, mushrooms, cauliflower, and spinach. Nematode eggs and larvae were recovered by the Nacconol-ether centrifugation method. Some nematode eggs were identified as parasitic Ascaris sp.; the majority of larval nematodes were thought to be soil-dwelling species. Amoebae were recovered by rinsing the vegetables with distilled water, centrifuging the rinse water, and transferring the sediment to agar plates on which a bacterial lawn had previously been grown; trophozoites identified as the potentially pathogenic species- Acanthamoeba polyphaga, A. rhysodes, and A. castellanii--were the most common amoebae recovered on the plates. Salmonella spp. were grown from 4 of 50 samples. PMID- 6540261 TI - On the relationship between epidemiological and clinical samples. PMID- 6540262 TI - Possible antidepressant effect of oral contraceptives: case report. AB - An oral contraceptive was used successfully to treat recurrent premenstrual depressions and a subsequent major depressive episode in a 20-year-old woman. The relationship between premenstrual and major depressions is explored and the overlapping CNS effects of gonadal steroids and classical antidepressants are discussed. PMID- 6540263 TI - Properties of the adenovirus DNA polymerase. AB - The 140,000-Da adenovirus-encoded DNA polymerase (Ad Pol) is required for viral DNA replication both in vitro and in vivo. The polymerase co-purifies in a complex with the 80,000-Da precursor (pTP) of the terminal protein (TP) found covalently attached to the 5' ends of adenovirus DNA. To better understand their function in DNA replication, we have examined the properties of the Ad Pol and the pTP X Ad Pol complex on natural and synthetic DNA templates. The pTP X Ad Pol complex utilizes a variety of homopolymer template-primer combinations including poly(dC) X oligo(dG), poly(dA) X oligo(dT), poly(dT) X oligo(dA), and poly(dT) X oligo(rA). With poly(dT) as template and oligo(rA) or oligo(dA) as primer, DNA synthesis by the pTP X Ad Pol complex is stimulated as much as 100-fold by the 59,000-Da adenovirus DNA-binding protein (Ad DBP). ATP (4 mM) can further increase the rate of DNA synthesis 3- to 10-fold. The Ad DBP does not stimulate the activity of host (HeLa cell) DNA polymerase alpha with poly(dT) X oligo(dA) (or oligo(rA)) as the template-primer, and Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA binding protein cannot substitute for the Ad DBP in the stimulation of the Ad Pol activity. Under optimal conditions, poly(dA) chains 30,000 nucleotides in length are formed indicating that the Ad Pol can be a highly processive enzyme. An exonuclease activity co-sediments with the pTP X Ad Pol complex during glycerol gradient centrifugation, and co-purifies with the 140,000-Da Ad Pol after dissociation of the pTP X Ad Pol complex with urea. The Ad Pol-associated nuclease hydrolyzes single-stranded DNA in a 3'----5' direction and is at least 10-fold more active on single-stranded DNA than on duplex DNA. The Ad Pol has no detectable endonuclease activity on single-stranded DNA or duplex circular DNA. Analysis of the products of the nuclease activity showed that 5'-deoxynucleoside monophosphates were released during the hydrolysis of single-stranded DNA. The Ad DBP inhibits the hydrolysis of DNA by the polymerase-associated nuclease activity. PMID- 6540264 TI - Epithelial structure revealed by chemical dissection and unembedded electron microscopy. AB - Cytoskeletal structures obtained after extraction of Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cell monolayers with Triton X-100 were examined in transmission electron micrographs of cell whole mounts and unembedded thick sections. The cytoskeleton, an ordered structure consisting of a peripheral plasma lamina, a complex network of filaments, and chromatin-containing nuclei, was revealed after extraction of intact cells with a nearly physiological buffer containing Triton X 100. The cytoskeleton was further fractionated by extraction with (NH4)2SO4, which left a structure enriched in intermediate filaments and desmosomes around the nuclei. A further digestion with nuclease and elution with (NH4)2SO4 removed the chromatin. The stable structure that remained after this procedure retained much of the epithelial morphology and contained essentially all of the cytokeratin filaments and desmosomes and the chromatin-depleted nuclear matrices. This structural network may serve as a scaffold for epithelial organization. The cytoskeleton and the underlying nuclear matrix intermediate filament scaffold, when examined in both conventional embedded thin sections and in unembedded whole mounts and thick sections, showed the retention of many of the detailed morphological aspects of the intact cells, which suggests a structural continuum linking the nuclear matrix, the intermediate filament network, and the intercellular desmosomal junctions. Most importantly, the protein composition of each of the four fractions obtained by this sequential procedure was essentially unique. Thus, the proteins constituting the soluble fraction, the cytoskeleton, the chromatin fraction, and the underlying nuclear matrix-intermediate filament scaffold are biochemically distinct. PMID- 6540265 TI - Cytoskeleton and integration of cellular function in cells of higher plants. PMID- 6540266 TI - Observations on how actin filaments become organized in cells. PMID- 6540267 TI - An antibody that inhibits fibronectin-independent adhesion of fibroblasts to extracellular matrix material. AB - Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) fibroblasts adhere to the extracellular matrix by both fibronectin-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Harper and Juliano, 1981a,b). Previous studies have suggested that a trypsin-sensitive, 265,000 dalton membrane glycoprotein (gp265) is involved in the fibronectin-independent adhesion process. Using a polyclonal antibody against soluble products obtained from trypsin-treated CHO cells, we have been able to further analyze this involvement. This antibody immunoprecipitates a trypsin-sensitive 265,000-dalton protein from detergent-solubilized cells. Incubation of AdvF11, a variant cell line that does not utilize fibronectin for adhesion, with this antibody blocks their adhesion to extracellular matrix material (ECM). The immunoglobulin fraction will also partially block adhesion of the parental cell line to ECM particularly when the ECM is first treated with an antifibronectin antibody. Taken together these results add support for the involvement of gp265 in fibronectin-independent adhesion and provide a methodology for further characterization. PMID- 6540268 TI - The apical structure in Perophora annectens (tunicate) spermatozoa: fine structure, differentiation and possible role in fertilization. AB - The apical structure in Perophora annectens spermatozoa is approximately 4 micron in length and it is helically coiled. Its major component is a striated structure, which may be analogous to a perforatorium. The plasmalemma enclosing the anterior quarter of the apical structure is covered by extracellular materials, the anterior ornaments. During spermiogenesis, the apical structure is first recognized as a small blister of the plasmalemma at the apex of the young spermatid. It develops into a conical protrusion and then into a finger-like process (approximately 1 micron in length). This process is transformed into an elongated process (approximately 4 micron in length) with electron-dense material in its core. Finally, the elongated process is helically coiled to form an apical structure in which electron-dense material forms dense striations. Vesicles (50 70 nm in diameter), presumably derived from the Golgi apparatus, have been recognized in the blisters of younger spermatids, and can be followed through to the finger-like process. In the finger-like process these vesicles are transformed into smaller vesicles (20-30 nm in diameter), which probably fuse with the anterior plasmalemma of the finger-like process. This suggests that chorion lysin(s) is associated with the anterior membrane enclosing the apical structure in these spermatozoa. PMID- 6540269 TI - Activity and stability of centrosomes in Chinese hamster ovary cells in nucleation of microtubules in vitro. AB - Mitotic centrosomes were prepared from Chinese hamster ovary cells and their capacity to nucleate microtubules in vitro was demonstrated by incubation with exogenous brain microtubule protein. The number of microtubules polymerized onto centrosomes was directly counted by electron microscopy of whole-mount preparations. This simple and accurate quantitative assay has permitted characterization of the microtubule nucleating activity of centrosomes in vitro. The number of microtubules polymerized onto centrosomes varied according to the structure of the centrosome. The activity was roughly proportional to the centriole number. The number and length of microtubules nucleated by centrosomes depended both on the concentration of tubulin and the incubation time with tubulin. Under saturating conditions, an average of 200-250 microtubules were initiated by single centrosomes. Centrosomal activity is unstable (t 1/2 = 8 h) and could easily be irreversibly disrupted by a medium of high ionic strength. The activity is stabilized by the addition of glycerol. Centrosomes can be stored at -80 degrees C. The optimum pH for microtubule nucleation is 6.8. Activity is sensitive to protease digestion, but neither DNase or RNase affected the nucleating activity of centrosomes. The activity is temperature-sensitive, but addition of phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) induces thermal stability. At an optimal concentration of 0.5 mg/ml, this drug increased the half-life of the activity (t 1/2 = 95 h) and made it resistant to salt extraction. Protease inhibitors other than PMSF or dansyl fluoride did not have any stabilizing effect on the activity. The difference between the centrosomal structure of polymerized microtubules in vivo and in vitro is discussed. PMID- 6540270 TI - The presence and location of sporopollenin in fruiting bodies of the cellular slime moulds. AB - The presence of an acetolysis-resistant polymer (sporopollenin) in the cellular slime moulds is demonstrated. This polymer is located on the stalk sheath of fruiting bodies as a bundle of fine fibrils (4-5 nm diameter). The location and structure of sporopollenin in spores are shown to vary considerably, depending upon the species. In Polysphondylium violaceum spores, sporopollenin is composed of fine spicules (4-5 nm in diameter, 25-50 nm long) that cover both the outermost layer of spore wall and the inner surface of the cell membrane. The sporopollenin of Dictyostelium discoideum spores is located preferentially close to the inner surface of the cell membrane, forming a mass of electron-opaque fine granules (4-5 nm in diameter). D. mucoroides spores, however, appear not to possess a tight network of sporopollenin, since they were less resistant to acetolysis than those of the other species. The biological significance of the results is discussed with special reference to fruiting body formation. PMID- 6540271 TI - Intermediate filaments in the cytoskeletons of fish chromatophores. AB - When fish pigment cells (melanophores, erythrophores) are lysed by a modified Kleinschmidt method on a buffer-air interface and examined by electron microscopy, large numbers of intermediate filaments are observed. The intermediate filament networks are distinct from actin and tubulin, and entrap the pigment as determined by stereo viewing of freeze-dried rotary-shadowed specimens. During lysis, under conditions that do not preserve actin filaments or microtubules, the area covered by dispersed pigment granules reaches a maximum size and remains stable for many minutes, suggesting that intermediate filaments are responsible for holding the pigment in position and preventing further cytoplasmic dispersion. These observations demonstrate that fish pigment cells contain large numbers of intermediate filaments and suggest that they may be important for coordinating pigment granule movement. PMID- 6540272 TI - Organization of actin cytoskeleton during early endothelial regeneration in vitro. AB - The pattern of early cell movement after an experimental 'wound' and the organization of actin in stationary and moving cultured endothelial cells have been studied by means of: time-lapse photography; indirect immunofluorescence using anti-actin antibodies with and without pretreatment with the actin destabilizing factor present in human plasma; and differential centrifugation and densitometric analysis of stained sodium dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gels in order to evaluate the total and relative amounts of G and F-actin. Up to 5 h after a single scratch, movement consists of a coordinate spreading and translocation of a band of about 10 cells from the wound edge. Compared to stationary cells, moving endothelial cells show: no significant changes in the intensity and distribution of immunofluorescent staining with anti-actin antibodies, but an increased sensitivity of cytoplasmic actin, including stress fibres, to the actin-destabilizing factor purified from human plasma; and no significant change in the total amount of actin, but a decreased relative amount of F-actin and a corresponding increased relative amount of G-actin. We conclude that endothelial cell movement in vitro is accompanied by a rapid change in the state of actin organization characterized by an overall decrease in cytoplasmic F actin. PMID- 6540273 TI - Reorganization of hydrated collagen lattices by human skin fibroblasts. AB - Fibroblasts were cultured on top of or at the bottom of hydrated collagen lattices. Shortly after initially interacting with the collagen lattices, fibroblasts appeared to attach to individual collagen fibrils and in many cases cell processes were found wrapped around clusters of collagen fibrils. Tension generated by cells during spreading resulted in proximal collagen fibrils becoming aligned distal in the plane of spreading and more densely packed. During subsequent culture, the collagen fibrils to the cells underwent a similar reorganization and the lattice thinned to one-tenth of its original thickness. The rate of thinning was similar regardless of whether the cells were originally above or at the bottom of the lattices. The presence of cells distributed throughout the lattice was unnecessary for lattice reorganization to occur. When the lattices were allowed to come off the underlying substratum, compaction of the collagen gels was observed, and the resulting matrix had the typical appearance of dermis as observed by both light and electron microscopy. Collagen fibrils associated with the cell surface often appeared to be under tension and, in regions of close fibril binding, there was a prominent reorganization of submembranous microfilaments. It is suggested that reorganization of the collagen lattice by fibroblasts may depend upon secreted cell factors as well as physical forces generated by the cells. PMID- 6540274 TI - The cellular program for the formation and dissolution of the synaptonemal complex in Coprinus. AB - Inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide on processes in meiosis was used to probe the cellular program for the formation and dissolution of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in the synchronous meiotic system of Coprinus cinereus. The pathway for the synthesis and assembly of the synaptonemal complex is proposed to be as follows: (1) synthesis and assembly of lateral components on the chromosomes; (2) synthesis and assembly of the central components in the nucleolus; (3) the lateral components of the homologous chromosomes are brought together to pair when the homologous pairing occurs at zygotene; (4) the transport of the central components from the nucleolus to join the paired lateral components and thus complete the synaptonemal complex. Continued protein synthesis is required for all steps. Step (1) is nearly complete 2 h after the onset of karyogamy, because continued assembly is possible in the presence of cycloheximide. The transition point for step (2) is 4 h after the onset of karyogamy, as inhibition at this point results in accumulation of central components in the nucleolar dense body. The paired lateral components of step (3) are deprived of the central component. The transition point for step (4) is 5 h after the onset of karyogamy, for inhibition at this point no longer prevents transport. Two steps are proposed for dissociation and dissolution of the SC at the end of pachytene. Protein synthesis is required for the dissolution of SC. Inhibition at this point causes accumulation of polycomplexes. Mutations in various organisms from the literature relating to the SC support the validity of the proposed pathway. PMID- 6540275 TI - Therapeutic effects of an imposed foraging task in disturbed monkeys. AB - A group of twelve bonnet macaques (Macaca radiata) raised in partial social isolation from birth to adulthood expressed moderate-to-severe behavioral disturbance as a function of their early rearing environments. The range of these behavioral function of their early rearing environments. The range of these behavioral abnormalities in this species are described for the first time. In order to assess the role of the current environment on their behavior, the animals as a group were required to obtain all of their food from a foraging device presenting two levels of difficulty. The therapeutic effect of the imposed foraging task was dependent upon the individual's status in the dominance hierarchy. Low- and high-ranking animals responded positively and became more social (338% above baseline levels) and showed lower levels of specific abnormal behaviors (nearly 75% lower). Mid-ranking animals responded negatively and became less social (89% lower), while their levels of abnormal behavior dramatically increased (200% higher). PMID- 6540276 TI - Differences in protocols of craniofacial development related to twinship and zygosity. AB - Using 56 adult dental diameters as a subsystem model for craniofacial development, we show that monozygotic (MZ), dizygotic (DZ), and singleton groups differ significantly in developmental relationships assessed by multivariate statistical methods under commonly accepted assumptions. Given the differences observed, we suggest that any assumption of developmental equivalence between MZ and DZ twins, or between twins of either group and singletons, for variables of craniofacial or behavioral development, may be subject to serious doubt. Implications for twin study theory and methodology, and for study of early human development, are discussed. PMID- 6540277 TI - Simple and reliable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with monoclonal antibodies for detection of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins. AB - We have developed a sensitive and specific competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins consisting of methanol-soluble, suckling mouse active peptides with similar core sequences (STa) by using monoclonal antibodies prepared against STa purified from a human isolate. The assay can detect 3 to 20 pg of purified STa, depending on the monoclonal antibody used in the assay. The assay is rapid, requiring ca. 1 h to complete. With this competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we measured STa production by enterotoxigenic E. coli directly in Casamino Acid-yeast extract culture supernatants. The assay was suitable for measuring STa in culture supernatants from human, bovine, and porcine E. coli isolates. No cross reactivity was observed with heat-labile enterotoxin, cholera toxin, or heat stable enterotoxin STb, which is a methanol-insoluble peptide(s) active in the ligated pig jejunal loop test. A 100% correlation of toxin production was found by comparing the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the previously established radioimmunoassay for STa and with suckling mouse activity. PMID- 6540278 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia in association with a vascular malformation. AB - A unique case is presented in which a lesion of angiolymphoid hyperplasia occurs in association with a vascular malformation. The skin and the intravascular lesion showed, on microscopic examination, angiolymphoid hyperplasia, which to my understanding, is a reactive process. The nodule represents, in my view, satellite lesions of the A-V malformation--in other words a skin manifestation of the intravascular process. The same phenomenon has been reported in some pyogenic granulomas and hemangiomas. PMID- 6540279 TI - [Retinal detachments caused by giant tear]. AB - 52 eyes in 50 patients have been treated for a retinal detachment with a giant tear extending over at least 70 degrees. 27 eyes had an inverted posterior retinal flap covering the posterior pole. Conventional extraocular surgery was performed on 20 eyes. There was no success in 6 folded cases and a 42,85% success rate in 14 non-folded retinas. Endocular surgery by vitrectomy plus internal tamponade using air or silicone oil was done on 32 eyes with an 87,50% success rate at the end of surgery. Post-operative retinal retraction reduced the success rates to 45,45% for non-folded cases and 52,38% with folded retinas. There is no question in our mind about the value of endocular surgery for folded retinas. We think that endocular surgery is also the best choice for non folded retinas because of the excellent initial results. Secondary retraction phenomena are caused by endocular cellular proliferation and membrane formation and contraction. We presently try to minimize these by avoiding excess cryopexy, performing a vitrectomy as complete as possible and treating the reattached retina as soon as possible by argon laser photocoagulation. An efficient and safe antiproliferative drug is definitely needed. PMID- 6540280 TI - A comparative study on esterases from three species of Raillietina. AB - The multiplicity of soluble esterases in Raillietina tetragona, R. echinobothrida and R. cesticillus was studied by use of slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Five fractions of esterase activity were observed in R. tetragona, seven in R. echinobothrida and three in R. cesticillus. The various fractions of esterase activity of closely related species of Raillietina showed differential behaviour towards various chemicals. Based on the inhibitory effect of inhibitors p-CMB, EDTA, malathion, silver nitrate and eserine sulphate, the various esterases have been classified into arylesterase, carboxylesterase, acetylesterase and cholinesterase. PMID- 6540281 TI - Microfilarial periodicity in Mastomys natalensis. AB - The microfilarial level in the peripheral blood of Mastomys natalensis infected with the filarial parasites, Litomosoides carinii, Brugia pahangi, B. malayi and Dipetalonema viteae was monitored at two-hour intervals for 24 hours. The microfilariae of B. pahangi and B. malayi exhibited nocturnal and diurnal subperiodicity, respectively; no such periodicity was seen in L. carinii and D. viteae infections. The level of B. pahangi and D. viteae microfilariae in peripheral blood was significantly increased when the host was anaesthetized with diethylether or pentothal sodium. Ether-induced anaesthesia had no effect on the level of B. malayi microfilariae but pentothal was most effective. The peripheral blood count of L. carinii microfilariae tended to decrease in the anaesthetized animals but the reduction was not statistically significant. PMID- 6540282 TI - Immune responses and immunoregulation in relation to human schistosomiasis in Egypt. II. Cimetidine reversal of histamine-mediated suppression of antigen induced blastogenesis. AB - The effect of histamine on cell-mediated immune responses of chronic schistosomiasis patients was tested by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMN) reactions to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) and soluble schistosomal antigenic preparations derived from eggs (SEA) or adult worms (SWAP). PBMN responses to PHA were suppressed by exogenous histamine (10(-5)M), and the addition of cimetidine (CIM) (10(-4)M), an H2-receptor antagonist, reversed this suppressive effect. Histamine primarily suppressed PBMN responses to suboptimal and optimal PHA concentrations. Exogenous histamine (10(-5)M) also suppressed PBMN responses of 27 schistosomiasis patients to SEA and SWAP, respectively. The addition of CIM (10(-4)M) to suppressed cultures reversed the effect of exogenous histamine. Most importantly, the addition of CIM to schistosomal antigen-induced cultures, without exogenous histamine, significantly increased patients' PBMN responses to SEA and SWAP. The mean optimal increase in SEA responses of 19 patients was 390%. With SWAP-induced responses of 21 patients this increase was 165%. The use of 10( 4)M diphenhydramine (DPH), an H1-receptor antagonist, resulted in general suppression of both PHA-induced and schistosomal antigen-induced PBMN responses. Lower concentrations of DPH lead to variable responses but did not result in consistent abrogation of the histamine-induced suppression. These data imply that an histamine-induced, H2-receptor-mediated suppressor circuit often helps modulate antigen-specific responsiveness of PBMN from patients with chronic schistosomiasis. PMID- 6540283 TI - The effects of erythrocyte contamination on pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin synthesis in man. AB - Red blood cell (RBC) contamination of cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells does not suppress pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced immunoglobulin synthesis. At supra-optimal doses of PWM immunoglobulin production is enhanced in the presence of RBCs. The degree of RBC contamination is a factor to be considered in interpreting the results obtained with PWM induced Ig synthesis in disease. PMID- 6540285 TI - [Pregnancy toxemias--concepts and classification: a committee report]. PMID- 6540284 TI - [Surgical repair of cardiac defects in identical twins with Ellis-van Creveld syndrome]. PMID- 6540286 TI - [Establishment of methotrexate-resistant human choriocarcinoma cell lines]. PMID- 6540287 TI - Current status of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. PMID- 6540288 TI - Seasonal differences in ovarian activity in cows. AB - The plasma concentrations of LH and prolactin and various parameters of ovarian function were examined in cows on known days of the oestrous cycle during May and June (autumn and winter) and during October (spring). Luteinizing hormone peak frequency and plasma prolactin concentrations were significantly higher in October than during the May-June period (LH, P less than 0.05; prolactin, P less than 0.01). The mean diameters of large healthy follicles (greater than or equal to 8 mm diameter) and the dominant oestrogen-secreting follicles were significantly larger (P less than 0.01 for both follicle types) and each follicle contained more granulosa cells (both P less than 0.01) in May-June than in October. The LH responsiveness of theca interna with respect to androstenedione production and the levels of aromatase activity in granulosa cells did not differ with time of year. The corpora lutea were heavier (P less than 0.05) and secreted more progesterone (P less than 0.01) in May-June than in October. It is concluded that seasonal differences in ovarian activity exist in cows and that these differences are probably the consequence of seasonal differences in gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 6540289 TI - Experimental analyses of cytoplasmic rearrangements which follow fertilization and accompany symmetrization of inverted Xenopus eggs. AB - Cytoplasmic rearrangements which follow fertilization were monitored in inverted eggs. A set of yolk compartments was resolved by cytological analyses of both normally oriented and inverted eggs. Those compartments were characterized by their yolk platelet compositions and movement during egg inversion. In addition to the major yolk masses which contain either small, intermediate or large platelets, minor cytoplasmic compartments which line the egg cortex were also identified. During egg inversion the yolk compartments shift. Those yolk mass shifts occurred only after the inverted egg was activated (by sperm, electrical or cold shock). The direction of shift of the major yolk components, rather than the sperm entrance site (as in normal orientation eggs), determines the dorsal/ventral polarity of the inverted egg. Among different spawnings the rate of shift varied. Eggs that displayed the fastest rate of shift exhibited the highest frequency of developmental abnormalities during organogenesis. Isopycnic density gradient analysis of yolk platelets and blastula blastomeres showed that isolated yolk platelets and mid-blastula blastomeres are not of uniform buoyant density. Three major yolk platelet density bands were resolved. Large, intermediate, and small yolk platelets were found in all bands. The high density band had the largest proportion of the large yolk platelets and the low density fraction showed the largest proportion of the small yolk platelets. Interpretation of novel observations on cytoplasmic organization provided criticisms of some earlier models. A new 'Density Compartment Model' was developed and presented as a coherent way to view the organization of the egg cytoplasm and the development of bilateral symmetry. PMID- 6540290 TI - The physiology of wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta. I. Temporal organization and the influence of the internal and external environments. AB - A stereotyped series of behavioural changes occurs in preparation for pupation in Manduca sexta. Feeding declines over an 8-h period, after which the larva coats its body with a labial gland secretion. The animal then begins a 10- to 30-h wandering behaviour during which it constructs a pupation chamber underground. Wandering behaviour starts during a specific temporal gate which is determined by an internal circadian timer. The scotophase of the day prior to wandering has the major influence on the timing of internal processes which activate the behaviour. Wandering duration is correlated with larval size, reflecting a possible influence of juvenile hormone. The larva appears to be irrevocably committed to begin wandering by an event that occurs about 15 h previously, a time that corresponds to the second of three prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) pulses and the accompanying elevation of ecdysteroids as measured by Gilbert et al. (1981). We conclude that both the initiation and duration of wandering behaviour are governed primarily by processes which are internal to the larva. PMID- 6540291 TI - Calcium metabolism in embryos of the oviparous snake Coluber constrictor. AB - Total calcium in embryos of an oviparous, colubrid snake (Coluber constrictor L.) rises rapidly during the last half of incubation as the embryos increase in size. Although most of this calcium is drawn from stores in the yolk, hatchlings contain more calcium than was present in yolk of eggs at oviposition. Because shells from eggs incubated to hatching contain less calcium than do shells from freshly-laid eggs, the extra calcium appears to be drawn from the eggshell. Indeed, approximately 20% of the calcium required for development in this snake is obtained from the eggshell, with the remainder coming from the yolk. Thus, embryos of oviparous snakes, like embryonic chelonians, crocodilians and birds, withdraw calcium from their eggshells and do not rely exclusively on calcium supplied in their yolk for support of growth and development. PMID- 6540292 TI - Uncontrollable shock proactively increases sensitivity to response-reinforcer independence in rats. AB - Learned helplessness theory predicts that animals exposed to inescapable shock acquire an expectancy of response-reinforcer independence, which proactively interferes with learning of response-reinforcer dependence. The theory also predicts that this expectancy can increase sensitivity to subsequent instances of response-reinforcer independence. These experiments test the latter prediction in a paradigm that minimizes the confounding effects of shock-induced activity deficits. Rats were trained to respond for food, then given either escapable, inescapable, or no shock. Subsequently, they received two sessions of response contingent food followed by sessions of noncontingent food deliveries. During this phase, inescapably shocked animals decreased responding faster than did controls. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with a different schedule of food delivery and a procedure that more directly minimized the possibility that the outcome is due to either direct or indirect shock-induced activity changes. These results support the prediction that uncontrollable aversive events can increase an animal's sensitivity to noncontingent response-reinforcer relationships. PMID- 6540293 TI - Microscopical discrimination of twins' head hair. AB - Twin populations are ideal for studying human variation; a study of twin's hair, therefore, provided a better understanding of the value of hair comparisons. Duplicate head hair samples from 17 pairs of twins and one set of identical triplets were compared in a verified blind study. In addition to the direct comparison of all twins, random samples of two or three hairs were compared with randomly selected groups of known samples in a second blind study, to better simulate an ordinary forensic science case. Features commonly used by forensic hair examiners were adequate to distinguish hair samples from each twin from all other samples, illustrating the power of microscopical comparison when numerous questioned hairs are available in evidence. When two or three hairs were compared with randomly selected known samples, several were indistinguishable from hair samples other than the true source, proving once again that a human hair can never be associated with one person to the exclusion of all others. PMID- 6540294 TI - Hantaan virus: identification of virion proteins. AB - SDS-PAGE and immunoprecipitation analyses were carried out on the virion and cell associated proteins of Hantaan virus, the causative agent of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Purified virions have a density of 1.17 g/ml in sucrose, and contain four proteins with molecular weights of 45 000 (45K), 56K, 72K and 200K, confirming recent evidence that the virus is a member of the family Bunyaviridae. Detergent treatment of virions indicates that the 45K protein is the virus nucleoprotein. Both the 72K and the 56K proteins were labelled with [3H]glucosamine and were removed from virions by bromelain treatment, indicating that they are envelope glycoproteins. The 200K protein was found only in [35S]methionine-labelled preparations. By analogy to prototype viruses of the family Bunyaviridae, these proteins were designated N, G1, G2, and L respectively. Three virus-specific proteins (N, G1, G2) were detected in virus infected cells. These proteins were precipitable by human convalescent serum and by serum of a Rattus norvegicus trapped in the United States. No additional virus proteins were detected in infected cells. These results confirm recent morphological and RNA studies that Hantaan virus is a member of the family Bunyaviridae. Our results also support the suggestion that Hantaan virus be placed in a new genus of Bunyaviridae. PMID- 6540295 TI - Characterization of an early temperature-sensitive and cytocidal double mutant of adenovirus type 2. AB - Human adenovirus type 2 mutant, H2 ts 111, presented a double phenotype: temperature-sensitive (ts) for initiation and elongation of DNA synthesis, and cytocidal (cyt) by its large-plaque formation and the nucleolytic cleavage of both viral and cellular DNAs. Both characters were recessive since they were efficiently complemented by wild-type or other DNA-negative ts mutants. H2 ts 111 DNA--terminal protein complex formed at 33 degrees C and chased at 39.5 degrees C showed a decreased affinity for glass fibre filters, concurrently with the loss of protein-linked DNA ends. H2 ts 111 DNA breakdown occurring upon shift-up to 39.5 degrees C therefore appeared to start in close proximity to the genome extremities. Marker rescue experiments showed that the ts character was abolished by co-infection with plasmid recombinants containing whole or part of the E2A region, encoding for the 72K DNA-binding protein. The N-terminal domain of this 72K protein has been assigned between 0 and 200 amino acids, and is supposed to have a function in late transcription control. Since H2 ts 111 mapped between 0 and 300 residues (63.6 to 65.9 map units), its mutation was most likely located between 200 and 300 amino acids, namely in the C-terminal domain of the protein, which is involved in DNA replication. Recombination between H2 ts 111 and H5 dl 313 mutant revealed that the cyt function was localized in the E1B zone, between 3.8 and 11.3 map units. The nucleolytic and cytocidal effects were complemented by HEK 293 cells, an H5-transformed cell line expressing the left-most 12.5% of the viral genome. H2 ts 111 appeared, therefore, as a double ts-cyt mutant. The gene product rendered temperature-sensitive by the H2 ts 111 mutation was found to act stoichiometrically, and not catalytically, a result compatible with a lesion in the 72K protein. Although inactive at the non-permissive temperature, the early 72K protein was normally synthesized and stable in H2 ts 111-infected cells at 39.5 degrees C. Assymetric complementation obtained with the DNA defective H5 ts 36 implied a certain degree of type specificity in the DNA binding protein function. PMID- 6540296 TI - Haloperidol and cerebral metabolism in the conscious rat: relation to pharmacokinetics. AB - The time course and distribution of alterations in cerebral metabolic activity after haloperidol administration were evaluated in relation to the pharmacokinetics of haloperidol and the topography of the dopaminergic system in the brain. Local cerebral glucose utilization was measured, using the 2 deoxyglucose technique, in awake rats after i.p. administration of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol (0.5 or 1 mg/kg). Haloperidol significantly reduced glucose utilization in 60% of 59 brain regions examined, but produced a large increase in the lateral habenula. The regional distribution of changes in glucose utilization was not closely related to the known anatomy of the brain dopaminergic system. The time course of the effect of haloperidol on cerebral metabolism was different for the two doses studied (0.5 and 1 mg/kg), and was not simply related to estimated brain concentrations of haloperidol. However, a linear relation between the metabolic effect and the time-integrated brain concentration was demonstrated. These results show that haloperidol has an effect on CNS metabolic activity that is more widespread than would be predicted from the topography of the dopaminergic system; this may be due to indirect propagation of the primary effects of haloperidol. The metabolic response to haloperidol depends on brain concentration and duration of exposure to the drug. PMID- 6540297 TI - The effects of carbon dioxide- and neodymium-YAG lasers on the central and peripheral nervous systems, and cerebral blood vessels. AB - The morphological reaction of brain and peripheral nerve tissue and of cerebral blood vessels to the application of two types of laser-beams is described. Lasers as cutting instruments produce smoother cut surfaces and provoke less bleeding than conventional techniques. There is almost no focal oedema. Their effects are limited to clearly determinable zones. Scar formation after laser cutting is minimised. With defocused laser-beams a photo-coagulation of tumours, for example, highly vascularised tumours or pituitary adenomas, is possible. Small arteries may be cut without bleeding. Peripheral nerves cut by use of lasers do not develop neuromas. The results of the laser technique are compared with those of conventional methods. PMID- 6540298 TI - Isolated facial palsy in chickenpox. PMID- 6540299 TI - Gestational undernutrition and the development of obesity in rats. AB - The effects of early gestational undernutrition and subsequent refeeding patterns on offspring food intake, body weight and adiposity were examined. Pregnant rats were food restricted to 50% of their preconception intake levels during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy and were then either returned to ad libitum feeding or pair fed to nonrestricted control rats. Male and female offspring of previously deprived, ad libitum refed mothers gained significantly more weight when fed a standard low fat, high carbohydrate diet than did control offspring. When the maintenance diet was changed at 140 days of age to a high fat diet, both groups of previously deprived male offspring gained weight at greater than control rates. In contrast, the three groups of female rats gained weight at comparable rates after the diet change. Adipocyte hypertrophy and elevated carcass lipid content were seen in high fat-fed male but not female offspring of previously deprived mothers. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was unaffected by these manipulations. PMID- 6540300 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome, malignancies, and zinc deficiency. PMID- 6540301 TI - Neonatal sepsis screening re hemolytic disease. PMID- 6540302 TI - Effect of selenite on renal toxicity and antitumor activity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum in mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumor cell. AB - Effect of sodium selenite on renal toxicity and antitumor activity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin; CDDP) repeatedly administered to mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were examined. Simultaneous repeated administration of selenite with CDDP markedly improved the growth depression, the renal toxicity indicated by blood urea nitrogen value and the diarrhea caused by CDDP, and inhibited the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells cooperatively with CDDP. This results suggest that selenium compounds are useful for prevention of the toxic side effects of CDDP. PMID- 6540303 TI - Effects of amine pretreatment on ketamine catatonia in pinealectomized or hypophysectomized animals. AB - The present studies were designed to clarify the role of catecholamines and pineal idolamines on ketamine-induced catatonia in the intact, pinealectomized or hypophysectomized chick and rat. In the pinealectomized chick, pretreatment with dopamine increased the duration of catatonia (DOC) after ketamine, but pretreatment with norepinephrine did not. The pineal indolamines exhibited mixed actions. Serotonin and N-acetyl serotonin which augmented ketamine DOC, did not do so in the absence of the pineal gland, whereas melatonin potentiated the ketamine DOC in both the intact and pinealectomized chick. Ketamine was more potent in the hypophysectomized chick and the circadian rhythm noted in the intact chick was absent; furthermore, melatonin did not augment the ketamine DOC whereas dopamine continued to do so. This study did not demonstrate a species difference regarding the role of the amines on the pineal in spite of the immature blood-brain barrier in the young chick and the intact barrier in the rat. In addition, these data indicate a direct role of the pituitary in the augmentation of ketamine DOC induced by melatonin. Furthermore, dopamine appeared to act on systems more closely involved with the induction of ketamine catatonia rather than directly on the pituitary. PMID- 6540304 TI - Behavioral dependence produced by continuous phencyclidine infusion in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of continuous i.v. phencyclidine (PCP) infusion and withdrawal on operant behavior were studied in rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were trained to lever press under a fixed-ratio 100 schedule of food presentation. They responded under this schedule during four daily 30-min periods conducted every 6 hr. After at least 5 days of continuous saline infusion through indwelling i.v. catheters, the subjects received 10 days of continuous infusion of 0.05 mg/kg/hr of PCP. During chronic PCP, rates of responding increased above saline control values. When saline was substituted for PCP, responding was suppressed markedly. This suppression of responding occurred within 8 hr of saline substitution and lasted several days. Mild signs of withdrawal were seen within 3 hr after saline substitution and dissipated by 48 hr. These signs included muscle tremors, oculomotor hyperactivity and increased aggressiveness. After responding during saline infusion had returned to control levels, continuous PCP infusion was resumed. Withdrawal effects on behavior decreased in intensity after repeated withdrawals and it was necessary to raise the infusion dose to produce consistent withdrawal disruption of behavior. Withdrawal-induced disruption in responding was reversed by acute pretreatment with PCP (0.01-0.3 mg/kg i.m.) in a dose related fashion. Presession administration of naloxone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg i.m.) during chronic PCP infusion failed to precipitate withdrawal signs or disrupt operant responding, suggesting that PCP dependence is not of the opioid type. The results of this study indicate that operant behavior is disrupted during withdrawal from chronic PCP and can be used as evidence of behavioral dependence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540305 TI - Feed-back control of milk secretion in the goat by a chemical in milk. AB - In order to investigate the nature of the inhibition of milk secretion during a long milking interval, goats were treated in three possible ways: (i) milked twice daily at 08.00 h and 16.00 h or (ii) milked thrice daily at 00.00 h, 08.00 h and 16.00 h, or (iii) milked thrice daily at 00.00 h, 08.00 h and 16.00 h, but at 00.00 h the milk removed was replaced with an equal volume of isosmotic sucrose solution. The latter treatment was carried out in order to subject the gland to a degree of physical distension equivalent to that on treatment (i). On either thrice-daily milking or thrice-daily milking with sucrose replacement, milk secretion rate over the 16.00-08.00 h period was significantly higher (by about 10% in both cases) than on twice-daily milking. Secretion rates of lactose, milk protein, citrate and calcium during the 00.00-08.00 h period were similar on either thrice-daily milking or thrice-daily milking with sucrose replacement; the secretion rate of fat was significantly higher on thrice-daily milking with sucrose replacement. Secretion rates of Na+, K+ and Cl- were significantly higher on thrice-daily milking with sucrose replacement. In the case of Na+, the increased Na+ secretion rate was sufficient to create a normal Na+ concentration in the milk/sucrose mixture removed at the next milking. In the cases of K+ and Cl-, their secretion rates were not sufficient to restore their concentrations to normal by the next milking.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540306 TI - A possible role for potassium and pyruvate in the modulation of sperm motility in the rabbit oviducal isthmus. AB - Spermatozoa were recovered from the isthmus of the rabbit oviduct at 4 and 11 h post coitum using several defined flushing media. The motility of spermatozoa in the isthmic flushings was subsequently analysed from video recordings. There was little sperm movement in the native isthmic fluid, but vigorous flagellar activity and hyperactivated movement were induced by flushing the isthmus with 0.25 M-sucrose, apparently an effect of dilution. Flushing with a complex culture medium resulted in similar stimulation of sperm movement. When pyruvate was present in the medium, hyperactivated flagellar bending was stimulated, whereas these movements were virtually absent when glucose alone was present. The stimulating effect of dilution was less pronounced when the flushing medium contained 50 mM-potassium. When the isthmus was flushed with media containing 50 mM-K+ and the K+ concentration was lowered to 5 mM during a washing procedure, large-amplitude flagellar movements were sequentially suppressed and restored. The restoration of large-amplitude movements was enhanced when pyruvate was present in the 5 mM-K+ washing medium. These results suggest that alterations in the concentration of both K+ and pyruvate may have a role in regulating the motility of rabbit spermatozoa in the oviducal isthmus, K+ being inhibitory and pyruvate stimulatory. PMID- 6540307 TI - Seminal plasma androgen-binding protein activity in turkeys with normal white or abnormal yellow semen. AB - Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) binding activity of normal white and abnormal yellow turkey semen was quantitated by disc-gel electrophoresis in the presence of [3H]DHT. White seminal plasma had three peaks of activity (Rf = 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8). Yellow seminal plasma had a greater protein concentration and [3H]DHT binding activity averaging 32.5 +/- 7.93 pmol DHT/ml compared with 1.45 +/- 0.3 pmol DHT/ml for white seminal plasma. The majority of [3H]DHT binding was localized at Rf = 0.5 for the yellow seminal plasma. When labelled samples were separated by electrophoresis on unlabelled gels, the only peak of activity was at Rf = 0.5. Blood serum contained 3 peaks of activity (Rf = 0.4, 0.5, and 0.8). We conclude that a seminal plasma androgen-binding protein is present in the domestic turkey, and in males with yellow semen syndrome androgen-binding activity is increased. PMID- 6540308 TI - Mouse Leydig cell bioassay shows lack of LH in the bovine preimplantation conceptus. AB - A mouse Leydig cell bioassay was established and validated to determine whether the bovine conceptus (age: 16-20 days after oestrus) synthesized and secreted a substance having luteinizing hormone (LH) activity. The response measured was testosterone production after incubating Leydig cells with various doses of LH. The assay was specific for LH as compared to other protein hormones, precise (an interassay CV of 21%) and sensitive (minimal detectable level 15.5 pg NIH-LH B4/ml). The application of this assay to bovine conceptus homogenates or media in which similar conceptuses had been cultured for 0.5 to 20 h resulted in no LH activity being detected. Furthermore, concentrating the conceptus homogenate or culture media by freeze-drying and reconstitution in a minimum amount of buffer resulted in a similar finding. Because this bioassay is more specific and sensitive to the presence of LH-like activity than are other assays, and yet no activity was detected when conceptuses were manipulated in several ways, it is concluded that the bovine conceptus probably does not produce an LH-like substance at this stage of development. PMID- 6540309 TI - Pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins, ovarian steroids and ovarian oxytocin during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle in the cow. AB - All hormones were determined in blood samples collected simultaneously from the caudal vena cava and jugular vein at 20-min intervals for 12 h during the early (Day 4) and mid- (approximately Day 11) luteal phases of the oestrous cycle in 7 cows. Mean concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone and oxytocin were greater (P less than 0.01) in the vena cava than in the jugular vein. Pulses of these hormones were also more easily identifiable in the vena cava. The frequency of LH pulses was higher (P less than 0.01) during the early luteal than during the mid luteal phase (8.0 versus 3.6 pulses/12 h). During both phases, 90-96% of all LH pulses were followed within 60 min by a pulse of oestradiol. Basal concentration and amplitude of oestradiol pulses were greater (P less than 0.05) during the early than during the mid-luteal phase. The frequency of FSH pulses was similar to that of LH during the early luteal phase (8.5 and 8.0 pulses/12 h) but was greater (P less than 0.01) than that of LH during the mid-luteal phase (6.3 versus 3.6 pulses/12 h). Thus, 41% more (P less than 0.01) FSH pulses than LH pulses were observed during the mid-luteal phase. However, the separate FSH pulses were associated with low-amplitude short-duration pulses of LH as clarified by an additional study (in 3 cows) using 5-min sampling intervals: 90 100% of all LH/FSH pulses and separate FSH pulses were secreted either concomitantly with or followed by a pulse of progesterone. However, no separate FSH pulses were associated with a pulse of oestradiol. Basal concentration and amplitude of progesterone were greater (P less than 0.01) during the mid-luteal than during the early luteal phase. The frequency of oxytocin pulses was similar to that of progesterone during the mid-luteal but not during the early luteal phase. During the mid-luteal phase 97% of all oxytocin pulses were associated with a pulse of progesterone. It is concluded that (1) separate FSH pulses are secreted in addition to parallel LH and FSH pulses during the mid-luteal phase; therefore, the frequency of secretion of LH may be modulated to a greater extent by ovarian steroids than is FSH pulse frequency; (2) pulses of progesterone are probably a result of stimulation by pulses of FSH and/or LH whereas pulses of oestradiol are caused by LH pulses; (3) ovarian oxytocin and progesterone are secreted concomitantly during the mid-luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. PMID- 6540310 TI - Pulsatile secretion of gonadotrophins, ovarian steroids and ovarian oxytocin during prostaglandin-induced regression of the corpus luteum in the cow. AB - A luteolytic dose (500 micrograms) of cloprostenol was given on Day 12 of the oestrous cycle to 5 heifers. Blood samples were collected simultaneously from the caudal vena cava and jugular vein at 5-20-min intervals from -6 to 0 (control period), 0 to 12 and 24 to 36 h after PG injection. Pulses of LH were secreted concomitantly with pulses of FSH during all sampling periods. However, during the control period separate FSH pulses were detected resulting in a shorter (P less than 0.01) interpulse interval for FSH than LH (93 versus 248 min). LH and FSH pulse frequencies increased (P less than 0.01) beginning 1-3 h after PG to interpulse intervals of 59 and 63 min, respectively, and continued to be maintained 24-36 h after PG. Concomitantly there was a 2-3-fold increase (P less than 0.01) in basal concentrations and pulse amplitude for LH (but not FSH). FSH basal concentrations and pulse amplitudes decreased (P less than 0.05) in 3 heifers 24-36 h after PG. Pulsatile secretion of oestradiol was observed at frequencies similar to LH during the periods 4-12 h (3 heifers) and 24-36 h (2 heifers) after PG, respectively, resulting in higher (P less than 0.05) mean oestradiol concentrations. Progesterone concentrations in the vena cava increased (P less than 0.01) 5-10 min after PG but decreased (P less than 0.01) 67% by 20 min after PG. This decrease was followed by a rise (P less than 0.05) beginning 2 3 h after PG and lasting for an average of 3.3 h.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6540311 TI - Preovulatory LH characteristics and time of ovulation in the prolific Booroola Merino ewe. AB - In 4 separate experiments involving 133 ewes the timing of the onset of the LH discharge relative to the onset of oestrus was compared in prolific Booroola Merinos and in other Merinos of low ('C' and 'O' genotypes) and medium ('T' genotype) prolificacy. Despite different average ovulation rates of 3.05, 1.85, 1.18 and 1.37 for Booroola, 'T', 'O' and 'C' ewes, respectively, there were no consistent differences in the time of the LH discharge which occurred on average 4.5 h after the onset of oestrus. Time of ovulation was studied, in two experiments involving 430 Booroola, 'T', 'O' and 'C' ewes, by laparoscopic ovarian examination of subsamples of ewes at 20, 24, 28 or 32 h after onset of oestrus. Ovulation occurred significantly (P less than 0.001) earlier (7.5 h) in Booroola ewes than in those of the other genotypes. PMID- 6540312 TI - Syntheses and anthelmintic activity of alkyl 5(6)-(substituted-carbamoyl)- and 5(6)-(disubstituted-carbamoyl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates and related compounds. AB - A number of alkyl 5(6)-(substituted-carbamoyl)- and 5(6)-(disubstituted carbamoyl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates and related compounds have been synthesized, and their anthelmintic activity against various intestinal helminths of experimental animals have been evaluated. A large percentage of the compounds synthesized showed noteworthy activity against Ancylostoma ceylanicum and at higher doses against Hymenolepsis nana infections. Compared to the alkyl 5(6) (substituted-carbamoyl)benzimidazole-2-carbamates, the disubstituted carbamoyl analogues were found to exhibit better anthelmintic activity. The most active compound of the series, namely, methyl 5(6)-[(N-2 pyridylpiperazino)carbamoyl]benzimidazole-2-carbamate (90), has been screened against intestinal helminths in higher animals and as a micro- and macrofilaricidal agent. Compound 90 has been identified as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic agent. Compound 90 has been identified as a broad-spectrum anthelmintic in view of its efficacy against A. ceylanicum (hamsters and dogs), H. nana (rats), Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (rats), Syphacia obvelata (mice), A. tubaeformis (cat), Toxocara spp. (cat), and Litomosoides carinii (cotton rat). PMID- 6540313 TI - 6-Methylangelicins: a new series of potential photochemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of psoriasis. AB - The possible presence of methylpsoralens as undesired inquinants in synthetic methylangelicins has been avoided through a synthetic pathway starting from umbelliferones carrying a methyl group in the 6-position. The new 6 methylangelicins show a high affinity toward DNA, forming in the dark a molecular complex; the complexed angelicins under UV-A irradiation photobind effectively to the macromolecule, forming only monoadducts. The new compounds show an evident antiproliferative activity by inhibiting DNA synthesis on Ehrlich cells; great differences, however, can be seen between the various compounds. All the compounds are lacking of skin erythemogenic activity. Some of the new 6 methylangelicins, evaluated in terms of mutagenic activity, demonstrate to be less effective than 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), used for a comparison. On the basis of antiproliferative activity, lack of skin phototoxicity, and low mutagenicity, two compounds have been chosen for clinical evaluation. The compounds tested on seven psoriatic patients by topical application and UV-A irradiation proved to be more effective than 8-MOP, used in the same conditions. PMID- 6540314 TI - Molecular organization of paramyosin in the core of molluscan thick filaments. AB - An arrangement of paramyosin molecules in the polar part of molluscan thick filaments is proposed which accounts for the X-ray diffraction pattern of the smooth adductor muscle (other than the part ascribed to actin) and for the appearance of separated filaments in the electron microscope. The proposed structure is based on the PI arrangement of Cohen et al. (1971), and contains sets of parallel, equidistant molecules with successive molecules displaced along the molecular axis by 72 nm, which we call PI sheets. Every molecule belongs to two PI sheets which are nearly perpendicular. This array is not propagated throughout the filament, but is sheared periodically in the direction of the molecular (filament) axis by 2/5 X 72 nm. The shear occurs along parallel equidistant planes which are inclined to the PI sheets. The analysis of the X-ray data has been made possible by concentrating on those patterns from filaments in which the two sets of PI sheets appear to be mutually perpendicular, a condition brought about by bathing the muscle in aqueous acetone. In one set, there are four intermolecular spaces between shear planes (this appears to be true at least for the smooth adductors of Ostrea edulis, Crassostrea angulata and Mercenaria mercenaria). In the other set, the number varies with species and probably lies between eight and ten in the first two and appears to be six in the last named species. The known paracrystalline nature of paramyosin filaments suggests that this number, though dominant in one species, is not exactly constant. PMID- 6540315 TI - Possible vasopressin role in premenstrual syndrome? PMID- 6540316 TI - Transmission of herpes simplex. PMID- 6540317 TI - Changes in plasma somatomedin-C in response to ingestion of diets with variable protein and energy content. AB - We have attempted to determine the relative importance of dietary intake of protein and energy in restoring plasma immunoreactive somatomedin-C (Sm-C) concentrations after fasting. Ten healthy human volunteers were fasted for 5 days, then divided into two refeeding groups. One group (variable energy) was refed 1.0 g protein/kg ideal body weight, and in 9-day sequences, 11, 18 and 25 kcal of energy/kg. The other group (variable protein) was given 35 kcal energy/kg, and in 9-day sequences, 0.2, 0.4, and 1.0 g protein/kg. When subjects were refed the variable energy diets there was no significant increase in Sm-C at 11 kcal/kg (0.47 +/- 0.13 to 0.45 +/- 0.12 U/ml), suggesting that there is a threshold energy requirement below which optimal protein intake is not sufficient to raise the Sm-C. When subjects were refed 18 and 25 kcal/kg, it became apparent that the more energy added to the diet, the greater the absolute concentration of Sm-C attained (0.66 U/ml on 18 kcal/kg and 0.97 U/ml on 25 kcal/kg). Sm-C correlated with nitrogen balance (r = 0.58) during refeeding with the variable energy diets and was a good indicator of acute directional change in nitrogen balance. However, Sm-C was not a reliable indicator of nitrogen repletion, since it rose almost to control levels on the 25 kcal/kg diet while nitrogen balance remained slightly negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540318 TI - Stability of folic acid in 25% dextrose, 3.5% amino acids, and multivitamin solution. AB - The chemical stability of folic acid in 25% dextrose, 3.5% amino acids, and multivitamin solution was investigated. Solutions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/liter of folic acid admixed in the study solution were prepared. Solutions were stored in light-room temperature, light-refrigeration, dark-room temperature, or dark-refrigeration. Samples were drawn to determine folic acid concentration and again at 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 hr after admixture. Folic acid concentration was determined by competitive binding radioassay, and results are expressed as percent of initial folic acid concentration. Folic acid was stable for 48 hr with each tested concentration and stability was found to be independent of temperature or light storage effects. Folic acid admixed in the study solution is chemically stable for up to 48 hr after initial admixture under normal total parenteral nutrition storage conditions. PMID- 6540319 TI - In vitro flow rates of enteral solutions through nasoenteric tubes. AB - Enteral solutions must flow freely through nasoenteric tubes selected for gravity drip administration particularly in outpatients receiving nutritional support. This study determined in vitro flow rates of solutions with intact protein and hydrolyzed protein sources with various caloric densities. Each solution was infused through silicone rubber and polyurethane tubes of various lengths and bore sizes. Flow rates were measured five times at 25 degrees C using formula bags and drip sets hung at a uniform height and tubes uniformly positioned in a collecting vessel. Data are presented for tubes and formulas tested. Recommendations for selection of tubes for gravity drip administration are made based on flow rate data, patient comfort, administration convenience, and patient tolerance to osmolality. PMID- 6540320 TI - Comparison of direct and indirect calorimetry. PMID- 6540321 TI - Obstructive acute renal failure in association with thrombocytopenic purpura and ovarian cyst. PMID- 6540322 TI - Natural variations in brain phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity during different phases of the oestrous cycle: effect of chronic dexamethasone treatment. AB - The activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) was studied in the hypothalamus, hypophysis, striatum and the rest of the brain during the four different phases of the oestrous cycle of the rat. The oestrous phase was marked by high level of enzyme activity in all the regions except the hypophysis. The hypophysis showed maximum increase in activity at the metoestrous phase of the oestrous cycle. Chronic treatment of rats with dexamethasone for 10 days led to decreased level of PNMT activity in the hypophysis, hypothalamus and the rest of brain. These decreases were important in the hypothalamus and the hypophysis which represented only 25 and 20% of the control activity after dexamethasone administration. PMID- 6540323 TI - The role of the catecholaminergic mechanism in foot shock (FS) stress- and immobilized-water immersion (IW) stress-induced analgesia in mice. AB - Involvement of the catecholaminergic mechanism in foot shock (FS)- and immobilized-water immersion (IW)-stress-induced analgesia (SIA) and in the development of tolerance to the effect were investigated in mice. With daily treatment with clonidine or daily exposure to stresses, tolerance developed rapidly to the analgesic effect. Clonidine-induced analgesia, which could not be antagonized by naloxone, was potentiated in the animals rendered tolerant to FS stress, and it was attenuated in the animals tolerant to IW-SIA. On the other hand, animals tolerant to clonidine failed to show the attenuation of FS- and IW SIA. The analgesic effect of clonidine and the development of tolerance to the effect were not influenced by reserpine. However, reserpine pretreatment completely suppressed the analgesic effect induced by FS- and IW-stresses on the 1st day; but with daily exposure to the stress, the analgesic effect gradually appeared and returned to the control level on the 5th day. These results indicate not only the differences between clonidine analgesia and SIAs but also those between each SIA. Thus, the central catecholaminergic mechanisms play an important role in these SIAs and also in the development of tolerance to the effect, although the degree of participation of these mechanisms seems to be somewhat different between FS- and IW-SIA, as indicated by the cross-tolerance between clonidine analgesia and each SIA. PMID- 6540324 TI - [Problems in the clinical evaluation of chemotherapy for hormonally-unresponsive carcinoma of the prostate]. PMID- 6540325 TI - A case of astrocytoma in an aged rat. PMID- 6540326 TI - [Prevention of disorders of myocardial contractile function under stress by the preliminary adaptation of animals to physical load]. AB - Rats adapted to exercise (daily swimming for one hour over 30 days) and control animals were subjected to emotional-painful stress (EPS) according to the pattern of anxiety neurosis. It has been established that EPS decreases the amplitude as well as the rate of contractions and relaxations of the isolated papillary muscles of animals by 2-3 times and also reduces the resistance of the contractile function of the myocardium to the excess of Na+ and H+ ions, ousting Ca2+ from the sites of its binding in the sarcolemma. Adaptation to exercise exerts an opposite effect. The preliminary adaptation of animals prior to EPS prevents or limits the stress-related depression of the contractility of the myocardium and the diminution of its resistance to the factors replacing Ca2+. The preliminary adaptation to exercise may be used for preventing stress-related disorders of cardiac contractility. PMID- 6540327 TI - [Treatment of patients with angiosarcoma]. PMID- 6540328 TI - [Operability criteria in extra-organ retroperitoneal tumors of the pelvis]. PMID- 6540329 TI - [Postoperative local treatment of patients with destructive forms of mastitis]. PMID- 6540330 TI - Coprophagy in iron-deficient rats: II. 2 novel methods of prevention. AB - 2 novel methods of coprophagy prevention were used in iron-deficient rats to measure their effect on haemoglobin regeneration during the feeding of ferrous sulphate or several soya proteins. Neck collars produced considerable weight loss and depression in food intake compared to aluminium anal cups which were tolerated well. Both methods of coprophagy prevention reduced iron availability from a range of soya proteins and ferrous sulphate and it is suggested that the practice of coprophagy in iron-deficient and possibly iron-replete rats may overestimate iron (and possibly other mineral) absorption (retention) studies. PMID- 6540331 TI - Recommendations for the housing of macaque monkeys. AB - A multidisciplinary working group was formed to make recommendations for housing of macaques under laboratory conditions in the Netherlands. The group concluded that long-term individual caging leads to persistent abnormal behaviour. Therefore, individual housing is regarded as acceptable only for special reasons which counter-balance the adverse effects of isolation. Guidelines are given for developing more satisfactory social housing systems. Cages used in individual as well as social housing should meet certain spatial and other requirements to ensure a certain amount of diversion, freedom of movement and safety. Since the recommendations represent the opinion of experts in certain aspects of animal husbandry, the report can be used as a legal reference under the Animal Experiments Act. PMID- 6540332 TI - The influence of litter size and favourable conditions on mortality and weaning weights in rats. AB - Litters of 12 pups produced the optimum results for survival (P less than 0.005) and for weaning weights (P less than 0.05) when compared with litters of 8 and 10 pups. This number is similar to the normal litter size and normal number of teats in rats. In our study, the normal litter size was means = 12.5. Our results were obtained under favourable conditions without disturbing the animals and facilitating access to food and water for the mothers and pups. PMID- 6540333 TI - Choriocarcinoma xenografts in the nude rat. AB - The transplantation of a human choriocarcinoma xenograft (CC3) in the nude rat is reported. The tumours grew progressively for up to 5 weeks but subsequently regressed. Our preliminary results suggest that regression of the tumours appears to be dependent on host age. PMID- 6540334 TI - Effects of single- and mixed-sex caging on postweaning development in the rabbit. AB - Postweaning development was monitored in domesticated rabbits reared in single- or mixed-sex groups at a commercial farm. The results suggest that sex composition of cage groups had no significant effect on weight gain, feed intake or mortality rates from weaning (35 days) to marketing (93 days). On sacrifice at 93 days, females from single- and mixed-sex groups showed no significant differences in plasma gonadotropin levels (LH and FSH) or weights of paunched carcase, ovaries, uterus, adrenals, kidneys or kidney fat. Evidence for within cage dominance hierarchies was found at 63 days of age when 46% of the rabbits inspected showed signs of aggressive attack. PMID- 6540335 TI - A comparison of two conditioning procedures in the use of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA). AB - This study compared the effects of two conditioning procedures in the use of visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) with 1- and 2-year-old high-risk infants. One conditioning procedure used a relatively soft initial stimulus presentation level (30 dB HL) and only two conditioning trials prior to minimum-response-level (MRL) exploration. The other procedure used a 60-dB HL initial presentation level and five conditioning trials prior to MRL exploration. Results indicated no significant differences between conditioning procedures in regard to obtained MRLs, number of stimulus presentations required to establish MRL (discounting conditioning trials), and number of false-positive responses observed during control trials. Age was a significant factor only in regard to the number of stimulus presentations required to establish MRL. 2-year-olds required fewer presentations than 1-year-olds. Results are discussed in relation to the auditory stimulus used to obtain responses and in regard to individual clinical circumstances which may dictate the use of one procedure over the other. PMID- 6540336 TI - Fragile X syndrome: its relations to speech and language disorders. PMID- 6540337 TI - Time-dependent inhibition of aromatase in trophoblastic tumor cells in tissue culture. AB - Human choriocarcinoma trophoblast cells (JAr line) were utilized as whole cell preparations in tissue culture to evaluate the effects of mechanism-based inactivation or "suicide inhibition" of estrogen biosynthesis. A C-19 acetylenic analog (MDL 18,962) of the substrate, androstenedione, was evaluated in competitive and time-dependent assays. Product formation was determined by accumulation of 3H2O resulting from the stereo-specific elimination of 1 beta tritium from the androgen substrate. Trophoblast cells exhibited initial linear kinetics for at least 3 h following addition of [1-3H]androstenedione. The Km for androstenedione was 35.1 nM with Vmax of 3.7 pmol/h/10(6) trophoblast cells. Kinetic analysis of time-dependent inhibition of aromatase in trophoblast cells revealed an apparent Ki of 0.6 nM for MDL 18,962 and at t 1/2 of inactivation of 26 min at infinite inhibitor concentration. These studies suggest that a suicide aromatase inhibitor can cause irreversible inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis in intact trophoblast cells. In the presence of 1 nM or 10 nM MDL 18,962, trophoblast cells exhibited initial linear kinetics for estrogen biosynthesis during the first hour following co-incubation with inhibitor and 33 nM substrate. During the subsequent 30 min the rate of estrogen biosynthesis precipitously declined from 104 +/- 24 fmol/min/10(6) cells in control cells to 24 +/- 13 and 8 +/- 4 fmol/min/10(6) trophoblasts treated with 1 or 10 nM MDL 18,962, respectively. This significant decrease in aromatase activity (P less than or equal to 0.01) implied irreversible inactivation, which was supported by prolonged inhibition of aromatase activity in trophoblast cells incubated for 6 48 h following removal of medium containing 3 nM or 30 nM MDL 18,962. PMID- 6540338 TI - Plasma concentrations of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone around luteolysis in goats and their behavioural effects after ovariectomy. AB - In non-pregnant goats, increased peripheral plasma concentrations of testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) occurred at the start of luteal regression and before the day of oestrus. Intramuscular injections of testosterone (10 mg) in arachis oil to progesterone-primed ovariectomized goats induced oestrous behaviour; similar injections of DHT failed to do so. It is suggested that conversion of testosterone to oestrogens by aromatization induces oestrous behaviour in the goat while reduction of testosterone to DHT does not. PMID- 6540339 TI - Characterization of an unusual sex steroid binding component from the chicken oviduct. AB - In addition to the classical estrogen receptor, chick oviduct cytosol contains a sex steroid binding component (SSB) with specificity for steroidal estrogens, androgens and progestins. We have optimized the measurement of SSB and have further characterized this protein. It was possible to quantitate [3H]estradiol binding to SSB by performing the measurements in the presence of excess diethylstilbestrol, which saturates the estrogen receptor and does not bind to SSB, and by using excess progesterone to determine nonspecific binding. Since SSB appears to be quite unstable with rapid hormone dissociation kinetics, we determined that short incubation times (usually 2 h) at 0 degrees C with 20-30% glycerol in the buffer gave optimal SSB measurements. The affinity of SSB for estradiol (Kd = 20 nM) is about 5% that of the estrogen receptor. In addition to estradiol, several androgens and progestins bind to SSB. However, the nonsteroidal antiestrogen, H1285 does not bind to SSB even though it binds well to the avian estrogen receptor. The tissue content of SSB is about 15-fold greater than for estrogen receptor and is stimulated by estrogen treatment. Whereas labeled SSB cannot be readily resolved by ion-exchange chromatography due to rapid dissociation of hormone from SSB, post-labeling experiments yield binding activity eluting with 0.2 M KCl indicating that SSB is an acidic protein having a chromatography behavior similar to that of estrogen receptor. SSB binding was dramatically reduced by the chaotropic salt, NaSCN, whereas binding to the estrogen receptor was not disrupted. SSB is stabilized by sodium molybdate, a property which is characteristic of steroid receptors. Although the role of SSB in the chick oviduct is yet to be determined, an understanding of its properties is essential for accurate determinations of the estrogen receptor. PMID- 6540340 TI - Diurnal variations of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and adenosine content in the rat pineal gland. AB - S-adenosylmethionine and adenosine levels in the rat pineal gland were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography after fractionation of the pineal extracts. The concentration of S-adenosylmethionine follows a circadian rhythm and is about three times higher during the day (2.5 nmol/gland) than the night (1.1 nmol/gland). The variations in the level of adenosine are apparently more complex. Over the 24 hours period there are two maxima at 03.00 (120 pmol/gland) and 15.00 hrs (100 pmol/gland) and one minimum at 09.00 hrs (50 pmol/gland). In addition, only an ultradian rhythm with a period of 12 hrs and an acrophase of 3 hrs can be evinced by computer analysis. PMID- 6540341 TI - Derivation, validation and application of an MMPI-based system for classifying criminal offenders. PMID- 6540342 TI - Toward two models of psychopathic violence. PMID- 6540343 TI - The assessment of dangerous sexual behavior in males. PMID- 6540344 TI - Problems with the assessment of dangerousness in England and Wales. PMID- 6540345 TI - The fitness interview test: a semi-structured instrument for assessing competency to stand trial, with a proposal for its implementation. PMID- 6540346 TI - Psychological test evidence in the criminal courts. A case study. PMID- 6540347 TI - Criminal fire-setting: a review and some case studies. PMID- 6540348 TI - Child pedestrian accidents, epidemiology and law. PMID- 6540349 TI - Forensic hypnosis: caveats and proposals. PMID- 6540350 TI - Regulating, psychosurgery: ethical, social and scientific considerations. PMID- 6540351 TI - Can abortion be legally justified? PMID- 6540352 TI - Transfer trauma: medicological issues. PMID- 6540353 TI - Psychiatric liability in patient-suicide. PMID- 6540354 TI - Informed consent: the problem of causation. PMID- 6540355 TI - Truth-telling to patients. PMID- 6540356 TI - The drug problem among the Moluccan population in The Netherlands. PMID- 6540357 TI - The Nova Scotia Commission on Drug Dependency: public involvement in a public health problem. PMID- 6540358 TI - Recent developments in the Canadian law of insanity: progression, regression or repression? PMID- 6540359 TI - Forensic science assistance in investigating road accidents. PMID- 6540360 TI - Wrong medical treatment and the "no fault" law. PMID- 6540361 TI - [Pentastomiasis in rodents in the State of Bahia. Report of the findings on Armillifer moniliformis (Diesing, 1835) Sambon, 1922]. PMID- 6540362 TI - Lasers in ophthalmology. PMID- 6540363 TI - Adolescent pregnancy in Tasmania. AB - The obstetric performance of 1719 pregnancies in mothers aged less than 18 years was compared to that of the rest of the obstetric population. There was a significantly poorer outcome in the adolescents in the mean birthweight, the prevalence of birthweight below 2500 g and of gestation period below 28 weeks, Apgar score, perinatal mortality and the occurrence of hypertension in pregnancy. When the primiparous adolescent group (1607) was compared with primiparas aged 18 34 years (16 220), these differences were less marked. The two groups (adolescent and adult primiparas) were matched by marital status and socioeconomic class, and no significant differences were found in these parameters. It is concluded that biological age per se does not confer an increased risk in pregnancy. The high proportion of primiparas in the adolescent group (93%), and the associated increased prevalence of high-risk factors in this group (single marital status, low socioeconomic class, and smoking) would explain the poorer obstetric outcome in comparison with that of the total adult group. PMID- 6540364 TI - [Cerebral distress in the newborn infant at term. Initial classification and results at mid term]. PMID- 6540365 TI - Isomeric mononitrobenzo[a]pyrenes: synthesis, identification and mutagenic activities. PMID- 6540366 TI - Paecilomycosis of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 6540367 TI - Induction of ornithine decarboxylase in Leptomonas seymouri. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase, the initial enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, was induced in vitro in Leptomonas seymouri, a parasite of Diptera, by resuspending stationary phase cells with fresh medium. Induction was biphasic with peaks at 2 and 8 h. Activity increased about 20-fold over 22 h under control conditions. Induction was completely blocked by cycloheximide and was suppressed by actinomycin D, alpha-amanitin, putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The enzyme half-life was 45 min in cells treated with cycloheximide 24 h post induction. These observations suggest the presence of a highly sensitive mechanism for regulation of ornithine decarboxylase as found in mammalian and other eukaryotic cells. PMID- 6540368 TI - Vinca-loaded platelets. PMID- 6540369 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of rigor insect flight muscle from tilted thin sections. AB - Rigor cross-bridges show two conformations paired within each 38.7-nm axial repeat. The two forms may express two stages of the cross-bridge cycle during contraction. Differing numbers of myosin heads per cross-bridge and associated helical changes in the thin filament distinguish the two forms and suggest that both myosin heads usually bind to a single thin filament. PMID- 6540370 TI - 3-A resolution structure of a protein with histone-like properties in prokaryotes. AB - The 3-A structure of DNA-binding protein II, which exhibits histone-like properties in bacteria, has been determined. The molecule is dimeric and appears to bind to the phosphate backbone of DNA through two symmetry-related arms. A mechanism by which the protein induces DNA supercoiling is proposed. PMID- 6540371 TI - [Ear drum grommets and swimming]. PMID- 6540372 TI - [Pituitary enlargement with primary hypothyroidism. Report of a case with hyperprolactinemia]. AB - A thirty-nine-year-old house-wife having two children manifested amenorrhea and galactorrhea, since two years before admission. At the same time, she also showed hypothyroidism with high level of serum TSH, which was very sensitive to TRH. Contrast enhanced CT revealed intrasellar mass. Transsphenoidal operation was performed, which revealed a soft, suckable and hypovascularized pituitary mass. The border between the mass and normal pituitary was not clear. Histological diagnosis was pituitary hyperplasia under light and electron microscopy. Before surgery, we were not sure whether this case was primary pituitary tumor or secondary pituitary mass due to hypothyroidism, because we had not been doing thyroid replacement before operation. In this paper, we stress that first choice of treatment for this type of tumor should be thyroid replacement therapy and that, if that replacement therapy failed, pituitary surgery should be the second choice. PMID- 6540373 TI - [A case of prolactinoma with galactorrhea in man]. AB - A 28-year-old man was admitted to the Kyushu University Hospital with an episode of severe headache. When driving a car, he suddenly developed severe headache and this was followed by nausea and vomiting. he had been quite well except for slightly decreased libido before this episode. On admission, he showed galactorrhea. The pubic and axillary hairs appeared normal and the development of the external genital organs seemed normal. However, the movement of the sperma was decreased. Ophthalmologic examination was negative. Endocrinological studies revealed hyperprolactinemia of 697 ng/ml, and the serum prolactin level was suppressed by bromocriptine and L-DOPA loading test. The serum testosterone level was 282 ng/dl. Growth hormone and gonadotropin levels were normal. Plain films of the skull and tomograms of the sella showed double floor and slight ballooning. CT scan showed an isodensity mass in and above the sella, and this mass was slightly enhanced with contrast media. The suprasellar extension was better demonstrated by metrizamide cisternography and CT. The diagnosis of prolactinoma was made, and a radical removal of the tumor was done through the transsphenoidal route. During surgery, dark reddish fluid was aspirated in an amount of 1.8 ml. Histologically the tumor was chromophobe adenoma, and immunohistochemical stain revealed prolactin granules in the majority of the tumor cells. Postoperative serum prolactin level decreased to 150 ng/ml and finally returned to normal by administration of 2.5 mg of bromocriptine. The serum testosterone level was slightly elevated. The movement of the sperma showed no improvement. There were no postoperative complications such as hypopituitarism and CSF rhinorrhea. The usefulness of combination therapy of operation and medication with bromocriptine was suggested. PMID- 6540374 TI - Evidence for the role of alpha-MSH in the induction of pseudopregnancy in the rat. AB - In a previous study we have demonstrated that cervical stimulation (CS) induces alpha-MSH release. The present experiments were undertaken to (1) examine the pattern of serum alpha-MSH during CS-induced pseudopregnancy (PSP) and (2) assess the possibility that alpha-MSH contributes to the induction and maintenance of PSP. Throughout PSP serum alpha-MSH fluctuated in a cyclic manner demonstrating two daily surges which occurred between 12.00 and 13.00 h (diurnal surge) and between 24.00 and 04.00 h (nocturnal surge). Chronic exposure of animals to alpha MSH administered via minipumps (24 micrograms/day, starting on the morning of estrus), induced PSP as determined by deciduoma formation and persistence of a characteristic diestrous vaginal cytology. Furthermore, insertion of an alpha-MSH containing minipump at diestrus 1 (D1) resulted in progesterone and prolactin (PRL) levels on the afternoon of diestrus 2 (D2) similar to those levels found on day 2 of PSP. Uterine weight was significantly decreased in alpha-MSH-treated rats and pseudopregnant rats as compared with cyclic D2 controls. alpha-MSH was found to release PRL indirectly, through stimulation of adrenal progesterone. This effect, however, necessitates the presence of the ovaries as a source of estradiol (EB) since it is demonstrable in intact and acutely ovariectomized rats, but not in chronically ovariectomized animals. EB treatment of chronically ovariectomized rats is capable of restoring the sequence. These results indicate that, as demonstrated for PRL, cervical stimulation initiates rhythmic daily surges of alpha-MSH secretion which are maintained through PSP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540375 TI - Progesterone-like effects of estradiol on reproductive behavior and hypothalamic progestin receptors in the female rat. AB - During the rat estrous cycle, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) synergize to activate reproductive behavior. However, receptivity and proceptivity can be elicited by E2 alone in ovariectomized (OVX) animals, particularly when E2 doses are high. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuroendocrine mechanism by which E2 elicits P-dependent reproductive behavior. Adult OVX females received estrogen treatment for 72 h, which consisted of 5 mm Silastic capsules containing 100% E2 or 10% E2, or of 3 injections of estradiol benzoate (EB; 20 micrograms daily). At 72 h, animals were sacrificed for nuclear progestin receptor (NPR) measurements, while others were tested for reproductive behavior. The remaining animals received 1-mg injections of E2, P, moxestrol (Mox) or oil, and either were sacrificed 2 h later for NPR measurements or were tested 4 h later for reproductive behavior. A subset of the animals receiving 1 mg E2 received concurrent administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin (ANI; 100 mg/kg). Acute administration of 1 mg of E2 or P significantly elevated proceptivity, receptivity and NPRs in the mediobasal hypothalamus-preoptic area (MBH-POA) and pituitary (PIT) in females primed with 100% E2. An equivalent dose of Mox was without effect. ANI blocked the acute activation of feminine reproductive behavior by 1 mg of E2. In the absence of acute steroid administration, animals primed for 72 h with EB showed higher levels of reproductive behavior than animals primed with 100% E2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540377 TI - Neuropeptides related to neurohypophyseal hormones interfere with apomorphine induced behavioral changes. AB - The interaction between peptides related to neurohypophyseal hormones and brain dopaminergic systems was studied by investigating in rats the effect of these peptides on behavioral changes induced by graded doses of the specific dopamine agonist apomorphine. Low doses of this drug induce hypoactivity of the animals, while higher doses result in hyperactivity and stereotyped sniffing. Desglycinamide9[Arg8]vasopressin (DG-AVP), prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) and oxytocin did not interfere with the behavioral responses induced by the higher doses of apomorphine. Peptide treatment made the rats more sensitive to apomorphine with respect to the drug induced hypoactivity. PLG and especially DG AVP were more effective than oxytocin. It is concluded that these peptides may have a selective action on distinct dopaminergic receptor systems in the brain, that are presumably located presynaptically in the nucleus accumbens area. PMID- 6540376 TI - Alterations in different populations of striatal dopamine receptors produced by 18 months continuous administration of cis- or trans-flupenthixol to rats. AB - Administration of cis-flupenthixol (0.8-1.2 mg/kg per day) for 18 months enhanced stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine, bromocriptine and lergotrile, but not that induced by amphetamine or lisuride. Catalepsy induced by acute administration of haloperidol, trifluoperazine or cis-flupenthixol was reduced by continuous chronic intake of cis-flupenthixol. The number (Bmax) and dissociation constant (KD) of specific [3H]spiperone binding sites on striatal membranes was increased by chronic administration of cis-flupenthixol, but not trans flupenthixol. In contrast, the Bmax and KD for specific binding of [3H]N,n propylnorapomorphine were decreased by administration of cis-flupenthixol compared to the effect of the trans-isomer. Specific binding of [3H]piflutixol was unaffected by chronic administration of cis- or trans-flupenthixol, but chronic administration of cis-flupenthixol enhanced stimulation by dopamine of the activity of striatal adenylate cyclase. As a result of chronic continuous administration of cis-flupenthixol dopamine receptors in the striatum appeared to be supersensitive to most dopamine agonists but sub-sensitive to dopamine antagonists. This was reflected by increased numbers of D-2 antagonist receptor sites of decreased affinity, but by a decreased number of agonist sites of higher affinity. The D-1 recognition sites appeared to be unaltered, but activity of adenylate cyclase stimulated by dopamine was enhanced, suggesting post-junctional changes. The D-2 receptors appear to be primarily concerned with altered function of dopamine receptors. PMID- 6540378 TI - Training increases [3H]fucose incorporation in chick brain only if followed by memory storage. AB - Incorporation of [3H]fucose into glycoproteins is increased in the forebrain base and anterior forebrain roof of day-old chicks following passive avoidance training. In chicks trained but rendered apparently amnestic by immediate transcranial electroshock, the increased incorporation by comparison with untrained-shocked birds was abolished. If the electroshock was delayed by 10 min, the chicks showed recall for the task and fucose incorporation was increased by comparison with untrained but shocked or trained and immediate-shocked birds. We conclude that the increased incorporation of [3H]fucose is not a result of any concomitant of training but is directly associated with engram formation. PMID- 6540379 TI - Histologic evidence for death of cortical neurons after spinal cord transection. AB - Dying cortical neurons, identified by standard histologic criteria, were observed in the rat sensory/motor cortex after spinal cord transection. The peak incidence of these changes was 10 weeks after injury. At that time, spinal-cord-injured animals showed 10 times as many abnormal cells as were found in matched controls (p less than or equal to 0.05). Dying cells were found in the same anatomic location as corticospinal neurons axotomized by the experimental injury, and at the expected time after injury. The survival of corticospinal neurons in these young adult rats may be dependent on obtaining a crucial input from an appropriate target cell (neuron). PMID- 6540380 TI - Chiasmal apoplexy: hemorrhage from a cryptic vascular malformation in the optic chiasm. AB - We describe three patients with acute chiasmal visual field loss caused by hemorrhage within an intrachiasmal arteriovenous malformation. One patient had five episodes; vision improved three times without treatment and twice after surgical decompression. Surgical intervention restored vision in two of the three patients. The role for surgery is indefinite, but may be indicated if the visual defect remains static for 1 week or progresses. Decompression is likely to be most effective if done early. The approach to the optic chiasm should be transcranial, not transsphenoidal. A radiologically normal sella turcica favors the diagnosis of chiasmal apoplexy in the acute chiasmal syndrome. PMID- 6540381 TI - Steady state kinetics of pyridostigmine in myasthenia gravis. AB - We measured the fluctuations in plasma pyridostigmine concentration from day to day on 3 consecutive days and hour to hour during 1 day in 11 myasthenic patients, by studying their usual dosage regime. Plasma pyridostigmine was measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The intraindividual day-to-day variation in plasma pyridostigmine levels was small. A highly significant relationship was found between the oral pyridostigmine dose and the area under the plasma concentration/time curve. The bioavailability of oral pyridostigmine was 3.6%, estimated by replacing one dose with an intravenous dose amounting to 1/30 of the oral dose. The relatively stable kinetic behavior of pyridostigmine is in contrast to the interpatient variability in dose requirement, indicating that monitoring of plasma pyridostigmine levels should be reserved for special cases. PMID- 6540382 TI - Conduction studies of the long thoracic nerve in serratus anterior palsy of different etiology. AB - We studied nerve conduction in 24 patients with serratus anterior palsy of different etiology. On the unaffected control side, the latency of the evoked motor responses after stimulation of the long thoracic nerve in the supraclavicular fossa increased 0.2 msec per 10-mm increase in conduction distance, corresponding to a velocity of 67m-s. The method was valuable in determining whether the lesion was partial or complete and in revealing regeneration after wallerian degeneration. PMID- 6540383 TI - Reading: selective sparing of closed-class words in Wernicke's aphasia. AB - One aspect of Broca's aphasia, induced by anterior perisylvian lesions, is an inability to read closed-class words (eg, articles, prepositions) with a preserved ability to read open-class words (eg, nouns, verbs). We examined a man with profound Wernicke's aphasia induced by an infarct of the posterior portion of the superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke's area). He could not read substantive words or pronounceable nonwords but could read closed-class words. These observations suggest that the reading of closed- and open-class words is mediated by separable systems. Whereas the anterior perisylvian region appears to be important in reading functional words, the posterior perisylvian region is important in reading substantive words. PMID- 6540384 TI - Small bowel resection with vitamin E deficiency and progressive spinocerebellar syndrome. AB - A 27-year-old woman who had undergone extensive small bowel resection at age 14 months developed kyphoscoliosis, ocular palsies, constricted visual fields, retinitis pigmentosa, progressive ataxia, muscular weakness, nearly absent vibration and impaired position sense, areflexia, extensor plantar responses, and macrocytic anemia. Her condition closely resembled Bassen-Kornzweig disease, but lipoprotein electrophoresis was normal. Mild fat malabsorption, lactic acidosis, and severe deficiency of vitamins A and E and carotene were documented. Serum B12 and folic acid levels were normal. During vitamin A and E therapy sufficient to elevate serum levels to the normal range, there was improvement of visual fields and visual acuity in dim light, lactic acidosis, and red cell volume. Progression of symptoms was halted during vitamin replacement therapy, and her gait improved. This syndrome is the human counterpart to vitamin E deficiency in experimental animals. PMID- 6540385 TI - Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in the management of patients with achondroplasia. AB - Twenty-three patients with achondroplasia were evaluated using short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of median and peroneal nerves. Abnormal studies were found in 61%. All patients with neurologic signs or symptoms had abnormal SEPs, with good correlation between SEP results and the level of the lesion determined clinically and radiographically. SEPs were abnormal in 44% of neurologically intact achondroplasts, several of whom had CTs confirming significant foramen magnum stenosis. SEPs are an important noninvasive means of evaluating patients with achondroplasia and are particularly valuable in children to document neurologic compromise before significant and perhaps irreversible clinical impairment develops. PMID- 6540386 TI - CT criteria of hemisphere asymmetry fail to predict language laterality. AB - We compared CT measures of the left and right cerebral hemispheres for two groups of right-handed aphasic adults: those who were left-hemisphere language dominant (n = 89) and those who were right-hemisphere language dominant (n = 15). The distribution of linear CT measures of anterior and posterior widths and lengths did not differ significantly in the two groups. These findings fail to support the hypothesis that CT criteria of hemisphere asymmetry predict language laterality. PMID- 6540387 TI - Unusual spontaneous movements in brain-dead patients. AB - Striking arm movements are described in five brain-dead patients. The arms flex quickly to the chest from the patient's side, the shoulders adduct, and in some patients, the hands cross or oppose just below the chin. The limbs then return to the patient's side, sometimes asymmetrically. These movements are precipitated after several minutes by hypoxia or ischemia when the ventilator is removed terminally, or during apnea testing. Families of brain-dead patients should be dissuaded from remaining in the room with the patient after the ventilator is turned off. PMID- 6540388 TI - IgG subclass distribution of myasthenia gravis thymoma-associated antiskeletal muscle antibodies. AB - Myasthenia gravis patients with thymoma often have serum antibodies directed against human skeletal muscle. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to investigate the subclass distribution of these antibodies. Five thymoma patients all had IgG4 antibodies, whereas a patient who developed myasthenia gravis after bone-marrow transplantation had only IgG1 antibodies. The data suggest that IgG1 is the first subclass to appear in the autoantibody response against skeletal muscle. PMID- 6540389 TI - EEG frequency analysis in metrizamide radiography. AB - Computerized frequency analysis was used to quantitate the EEG effects of intrathecal metrizamide in 22 patients undergoing radiographic procedures. In comparison to baseline recordings, no changes were found immediately after the procedure, but a significant (p less than 0.001) shift to lower frequencies was seen at 16 to 26 hours. Individually significant changes were infrequent with lumbar myelograms or low-dose cisternograms and were most prominent in patients who had the combination of high metrizamide dose, cervical level, and a complex procedure with prolonged supine positioning. PMID- 6540390 TI - Altered pharmacokinetics of L-dopa metabolism in rat striatum deprived of dopaminergic innervation. AB - Rats with unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra were treated with L-dopa 25 mg/kg subcutaneously 30 minutes after treatment with carbidopa 25 mg/kg intraperitoneally. In the ipsilateral striatum, dopamine levels achieved a peak of 1.57 +/- 0.63 micrograms/g (control 0.19 +/- 0.05 micrograms/g) at 20 minutes and did not differ from controls by 90 minutes after L-dopa administration. Dopamine levels peaked in the contralateral striatum at 45 minutes (11.96 +/- 0.14 micrograms/g, where control levels were 7.74 +/- 0.22 micrograms/g) and returned to control values by 180 minutes. These data suggest that in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, L-dopa administration results in a smaller increase and a shorter duration of elevation in striatal dopamine concentration than in controls. These observations support the hypothesis that the "wearing off" phenomenon that occurs during the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease occurs as a consequence of a reduction in the rate of conversion of L dopa to dopamine and perhaps diminished capacity for the storage of dopamine. PMID- 6540391 TI - Cysticercosis presenting as a subdural hematoma. AB - We describe a patient with a history of cerebral cysticercosis who presented with signs and symptoms of increased intracranial pressure; CT showed what seemed to be a subdural hematoma. At operation, the "hematoma" proved to be a subdural collection of multiple cysticercal cysts. This is the first report of this complication. PMID- 6540392 TI - Extrapyramidal signs in Alzheimer's disease. AB - The occurrence and type of extrapyramidal signs were investigated in 143 patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Only 8% of the patients were free of extrapyramidal signs. The most common type of extrapyramidal involvement was a rigid, hypokinetic, and hypomimic pattern. Resting tremor was rarely encountered. Dyskinetic signs, mostly orofacial, were seen in 17%. These observations suggest that in most patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease, there is a striatal dopaminergic hypofunction, appearing clinically as hypokinesia and rigidity. However, some patients exhibit predominantly dyskinetic signs, implying more complex basal ganglia dysfunction. PMID- 6540393 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction to methylprednisolone pulsed therapy for multiple sclerosis. AB - A further case of anaphylactoid reaction to methylprednisolone is reported. The occurrence of allergic reactions to steroids is reviewed, and suggestions for management of pulsed IV methylprednisolone therapy are made. PMID- 6540395 TI - Indications for angiography in stroke. PMID- 6540394 TI - Metastatic hemiballism again. PMID- 6540396 TI - Low-dose CU 32-085 (mesulergine) in previously untreated Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6540397 TI - Chronic low-dose levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease: an argument for delaying levodopa therapy. AB - Levodopa is the most useful drug for treatment of Parkinson's disease today. But after continued use for several years, the effectiveness declines, and the undesirable side effects become more frequent, leading to unsatisfactory control. Once the treatment failure emerges, further management is difficult and often unsuccessful. One alternative for preventing side effects and treatment failure is to use a low dose. We are reporting our 12-year experience on uninterrupted treatment with levodopa, 3 grams (approximate) daily. The improvement was comparable with the best reports on higher dosage, and the side effects were significantly less frequent. The frequency of dyskinesia and on-off phenomena showed a strong correlation with duration of treatment. Psychiatric side effects were more common on treatment, but frequency of dementia did not correlate with duration of therapy. Improvement reached a peak after 6 months and remained statistically significant for 3.5 years. By the end of 5 years, the disability profile in the group was similar to that prior to levodopa treatment. So far, there is no satisfactory method for preventing treatment failure. From our observations, low dosage of levodopa is a desirable alternative, but not the answer to therapeutic failure. We recommend that levodopa use be delayed until the patient has a functional and/or psychological handicap that cannot be satisfactorily controlled with less potent antiparkinsonian agents. PMID- 6540398 TI - Schizencephaly: a clinical and CT study. AB - Schizencephaly is a primary developmental defect of the brain, presumably caused by failure of formation of the cerebral mantle in the regions of the cerebral fissures. Identification has usually been at autopsy, in association with severe neurologic abnormalities. We identified the characteristic features of schizencephaly on CTs in 11 patients. Age at detection ranged from an infant at 8 months to a 30-year-old adult. Clinical abnormalities varied from mild to severe, including developmental delays and retardation, microcephaly, focal or generalized motor abnormalities, and seizures. CT findings included cerebral clefts, infolding of cortical gray matter along the clefts, an abnormal ventricular system, and other associated cerebral anomalies. PMID- 6540399 TI - Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa. AB - In 10 parkinsonian patients with severe, chaotic clinical response fluctuations, oral levodopa treatment was replaced by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa (with orally administered benserazide). Four patients were also given levodopa infusions in addition to their usual oral treatment. All patients remained continuously mobile and ambulant during the infusions. Side effects were minimal, except in two patients with diphasic dyskinesias whose abnormal movements were consistently suppressed by a further increase in the rate of levodopa administration, only to return after an interval. If a soluble nonacidic dopamine replacement drug can be developed for continuous subcutaneous infusion, "brittle" parkinsonians may be chronically controlled by portable, minipump technology. PMID- 6540400 TI - Multiple sclerosis and age at exposure to childhood diseases and animals: cases and their friends. AB - Eighty-eight multiple sclerosis case-friend pairs were interviewed by telephone to elicit information about early-life exposures. Available mothers were also interviewed. Risk factors included childhood diseases, exposures to animals, and residence. We found a positive association between MS and having measles at a later than usual age. Analysis of the data in the literature showed that this was the third statistically significant association between MS and later age for measles. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of MS includes an age-dependent host response to measles. PMID- 6540401 TI - Multiple sclerosis unrelated to dog exposure. AB - We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the possible association between exposure to dogs and MS. Seventy cases were compared with 70 age- and sex-matched neighborhood controls and 57 cases with 57 age- and sex-matched clinic controls. No association was found, by age groups or by time periods before onset of MS, between MS and presence of any dog, a small dog, a medium or large dog, or an indoor dog in the household. There was a significant negative association between MS and presence of cats in the household and MS and presence of medium and large dogs in the household, and a significant positive association, for several age groups and time periods, between MS and a history of canine distemper in a household dog. The basis for these significant associations is not clear. This study adds weight to the evidence against an association between exposure to small or indoor dogs and MS. PMID- 6540402 TI - The fate of severed corticospinal axons. AB - The potential for regeneration of severed corticospinal axons was examined by labeling these axons with horseradish peroxidase following thoracic spinal cord transections in mice. Shortly after severance, the proximal ends of corticospinal axons formed terminal bulbs that persisted for weeks and were associated with axonal retraction. There were few signs of corticospinal axonal sprouting or elongation. By 2 months after injury, corticospinal axons near the transection site showed an increased number of probable labeled terminals in the adjacent gray matter. These new terminals may contribute to the persistence of many corticospinal axons near the injury site long after a spinal cord transection. PMID- 6540403 TI - Intraluminal clot of the carotid artery detected radiographically. AB - Nine patients had intraluminal filling defects identifiable as clot within the internal carotid artery at angiography. Thrombus was unilateral in eight, bilateral in one. Eight of the 10 clots were attached to atheromatous plaques. Three patients had serious concurrent illness: pancreatic cancer, rheumatoid arthritis with arteritis, and chronic pulmonary disease with polycythemia. In three patients, the clot was related to severe atherosclerosis. In three other patients, all young, the carotid thrombi remained unexplained though two of these patients had coagulation abnormalities. No patient had a new stroke after surgical or anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6540404 TI - CSF silicon in dementia: a prospective study. AB - We designed a prospective study to determine whether CSF silicon elevation is specific for Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD) and whether it is related to the severity of cognitive or functional impairment. We found elevated CSF silicon in 30% of 23 ATD patients but in only 1 of the 23 age-matched nondemented controls. In all ATD patients with elevated CSF silicon, symptoms began after age 65. Thirty-four percent of 29 patients with other types of dementia also had elevated CSF silicon. Therefore, elevated CSF silicon concentrations are not specific for ATD, but they correlate with age and severity of functional impairment in late onset ATD. PMID- 6540405 TI - Western Norway, a high-risk area for multiple sclerosis: a prevalence/incidence study in the county of Hordaland. AB - Prevalence studies and investigations based on death certificates and disability assistance have shown that western Norway has been a medium-frequency area for MS. The prevalence of definite/probable MS on January 1, 1963 was 20.1/100,000. Based on the same diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of definite/probable MS had increased to 59.8/100,000 on January 1, 1983 in the county of Hordaland. We consider this increase of MS cases in the population to be due to real biologic changes, although factors affecting the figures were found. Most important was a reduction in the interval from onset to diagnosis. The rise in prevalence was also supported by an increase in the annual incidence of the disease. The incidence rate averaging 2 per 100,000 in the period 1953 to 1962 rose to 3.5 for 1968 to 1977. This marked rise in prevalence/incidence supports the concept that an exogenous factor is important in the pathogenesis of MS. PMID- 6540406 TI - Chronic levodopa or pergolide administration induces down-regulation of dopamine receptors in denervated striatum. AB - Refractory response to dopamine (DA) agonists is a common problem in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In rats with unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra, denervation induced significant increases in striatal 3(H) spiperone binding sites ipsilateral to the lesion. Chronic treatment with levodopa or with pergolide mesylate significantly decreased the number of 3(H) spiperone striatal binding sites. Agonist-induced decreases were approximately equivalent in intact and denervated striata and did not appear to be affected by lesions. These results suggest that the poor response to DA agonist in certain parkinsonian patients with chronic drug exposure may be mediated by drug-induced DA receptor down-regulation. PMID- 6540407 TI - Familial multisystem atrophy with possible thalamic dementia. AB - We studied a family with progressive dementia, optic atrophy, and spastic paraparesis. Autopsy of one family member revealed multisystem atrophy with widespread degeneration of the thalamus and marked attenuation of hemispheric white matter to account for the dementia. This family may suffer from a unique disorder, but the findings overlap with other reported cases of thalamic dementia or familial spastic paraparesis. PMID- 6540408 TI - Estimating physician requirements for neurology: a needs-based approach. AB - Applying the adjusted needs-based model developed by the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC), physician requirements in neurology were estimated for the year 1990. A Delphi panel of physician experts estimated appropriate patterns of treatment for 56 neurologic conditions. Their median estimates implied a need for 14,500 neurologists in 1990, suggesting a shortage relative to the projected supply. An advisory panel of former GMENAC members reviewed those estimates and recommended certain adjustments to ensure internal consistency and compatibility with those for other specialties. Adoption of these adjustments significantly reduces requirements, implying a total need for 8,400 neurologists--a figure in near balance with the projected supply of 8,650. The difference between the Delphi and Advisory Panel estimates reflects divergent views, apparent as well among the Delphi panelists, of the appropriate role of neurologists--consultants versus principal care providers. PMID- 6540409 TI - National need for neurologists: commentary on the GMENAC report: (Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee). AB - In an incomplete study, the Government Medical Education National Advisory Committee in 1980 suggested that there would be an oversupply of neurologists by 1990. A subsequent Advisory Committee undertook an in-depth evaluation, concluding that neurology would be in near balance by 1990. Several factors that were not used by the Advisory Committee could alter these conclusions, depending on the weight given to these factors separately or collectively. We do not have enough evidence to justify any action now to control the growth of neurology. PMID- 6540410 TI - Serum-mediated Schwann cell cytotoxicity in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - To study the anti-Schwann cell activity of serum from patients with Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS), we used a 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assay. Specific release of 51Cr mediated by GBS serum did not differ from that with normals or disease controls. Heating sera from GBS patients or controls at 56 or 50 degrees C for 30 minutes markedly decreased 51Cr specific release, which could not be restored by addition of either 10% guinea pig serum or normal human serum. Thus, both GBS and control serum contain heat-labile serum factors that can induce cytotoxic reactions by Schwann cells. PMID- 6540411 TI - Diabetes insipidus accompanying brain death in children. AB - Diabetes insipidus (DI) developed in 14 of 16 children who satisfied criteria for brain death. The occurrence of DI after an hypoxic/ischemic insult may represent midbrain death and seems to be a clinically useful sign in the diagnosis of brain death in children. In two patients, DI resolved spontaneously; these patients and children without DI may have had small areas of residual cerebral blood flow and brain function. The onset or cessation of DI was temporally associated with the use of dopamine in three patients. PMID- 6540412 TI - Phenylalanine and phenylacetate adversely affect developing mammalian brain neurons. AB - Myelin alteration is thought to be the primary pathologic characteristic of phenylketonuria. Clinical symptoms and histologic changes in brain suggest that neuronal insult also may be important. We evaluated the effects of chronic exposure of phenylalanine (0.6 mM) and phenylacetate (0.6 mM) on immature mammalian cortical neuronal cultures. Observations after exposure suggested neuronal drop out. 125I-tetanus toxin binding, choline acetyltransferase activity, high-affinity 3H-GABA uptake, and glutamic acid decarboxylase activity decreased in the presence of either metabolite. Neither substance was a more potent cause of adverse effects. Chronic exposure to either phenylalanine or phenylacetate had a detrimental effect on cultured cortical neurons, both cholinergic and GABAergic. PMID- 6540413 TI - Interpretation of serum phenytoin concentrations in uremia is assay-dependent. AB - A 25-year-old man with sickle cell disease and chronic renal insufficiency had tonic-clonic seizures treated with phenytoin. Serum phenytoin concentrations, total and free, measured by two homogeneous enzyme immunoassays (EMIT, CAC) were reported to be within the therapeutic range, yet the patient experienced seizures. Values on discharge exceeded the therapeutic range but were not associated with signs or symptoms of toxicity. Reanalysis of serum samples by a more specific, high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method revealed the previous values were spurious, apparently due to phenytoin metabolite cross reactivity. Values by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (TDX) correlated well with those by HPLC, as well as with the patient's clinical course. PMID- 6540414 TI - Therapeutic plasma levels of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine: individual variation in relation to seizure frequency and type. AB - The range and clinical features that influence the individual variation of the therapeutic plasma concentration of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine were studied in 84 epileptic patients on single-drug therapy. Complete cessation of seizures was observed at plasma concentrations of 17.9 (3 to 50) micrograms/ml phenytoin, 24.5 (3 to 43) micrograms/ml phenobarbital, and 6.5 (4.8 to 9.7) micrograms/ml carbamazepine. Fifty-one percent of the 53 patients receiving phenytoin were completely controlled at either below or above the 10 to 20 micrograms/ml range, suggesting that individual dosage adjustment is preferably based on clinical judgment rather than numerical limits of published therapeutic ranges. Fifty patients with therapeutic plasma concentrations of or above 15 micrograms/ml phenytoin, 25 micrograms/ml plasma concentrations of or above 15 micrograms/ml phenytoin, 25 micrograms/ml phenobarbital, or 6 micrograms/ml carbamazepine more often had partial epilepsies, complex partial seizures and, most markedly, a higher number of seizures in the first year of epilepsy and during the year prior to the present drug therapy, when compared with 34 patients with lower therapeutic plasma concentrations. The variation in therapeutic plasma concentration is primarily related to the type and to the severity of the individual epilepsy, as indicated by the seizure frequency at the onset of the epilepsy or prior to the treatment. PMID- 6540415 TI - Treatment of seizures with medroxyprogesterone acetate: preliminary report. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), a synthetic progesterone, was added to the antiepileptic drug regimen of 14 women who had uncontrolled seizures. Of the 11 women who developed amenorrhea, 7 reported fewer seizures during MPA therapy. Overall reductions in seizure frequency averaged 30% (n = 11), declining from a baseline 8.3 +/- 5.8 seizures per month to 5.1 +/- 4.1 seizures per month (p = 0.02). No serious side effects were encountered, but spotting was common. These preliminary data suggest further evaluation of MPA for catamenial seizures. PMID- 6540416 TI - Tinnitus from intracranial hypertension. AB - Five patients had unilateral tinnitus from increased intracranial pressure of different etiologies. In each case, the tinnitus was produced by a venous bruit and could be decreased by Valsalva's maneuver, head turning to the ipsilateral side, or by light pressure over the ipsilateral jugular vein. Correction of the increased intracranial pressure obliterated the tinnitus. Turbulence, created as blood flows from the hypertensive intracranial portion into the low pressure of the jugular bulb, is proposed as the mechanism producing the tinnitus. PMID- 6540417 TI - Aphasia with a left frontal interhemispheric hematoma. AB - We studied a patient with transcortical motor aphasia resulting from a traumatic interhemispheric left frontal hematoma. The aphasia was caused by compression exerted by the hematoma on the left supplementary motor area, which is known to have a function in speech. This cause of a transcortical motor aphasia has not been described earlier. PMID- 6540418 TI - Monocular elevation paresis caused by an ipsilateral lesion. AB - A 52-year-old woman presented with a paresis of elevation of the right eye, equally severe in abduction and adduction (monocular elevation paresis). CT demonstrated a small, right-sided tumor of the mesodiencephalic junction. Monocular elevation paresis has been attributed to lesions of the contralateral pretectum, although proof has been lacking. Now, with documentation of an ipsilateral brainstem etiology, we can postulate a lesion affecting the upgaze efferents from the ipsilateral rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus. PMID- 6540419 TI - Localization of complex partial seizures by depth electrodes. PMID- 6540421 TI - The function of dreaming. PMID- 6540420 TI - Nonhemorrhagic infarction of the thalamus. PMID- 6540422 TI - [Use of a new apex cardiographic index in the evaluation of left ventricular compliance in subjects with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6540423 TI - [The Kasabach-Merrit syndrome]. PMID- 6540424 TI - [Anatomo-pathologic evaluation of ovarian tumors. Practical and theoretical aspects]. PMID- 6540425 TI - [Adjuvant chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 6540426 TI - Treatment of urinary incontinence after radical hysterectomy. AB - The results of therapy of eight previously untreated women without urinary fistulas who had been severely incontinent for three to eight years after radical hysterectomy are presented and the principles of management discussed. Radiologic and urodynamic studies are required to assess the bladder pressure response to filling, proximal urethral pressures, bladder neck closure at rest, and mobility of the bladder neck, to determine the mechanism responsible for the urine loss and to select appropriate therapy. Augmentation of proximal urethral pressures by medical or surgical means is required if the bladder neck is open at rest. All such patients improved dramatically on ephedrine, but tachyphylaxis developed in cases of total sphincter failure. Retropubic urethropexy did not relieve the incontinence in these cases, whereas a sling operation restored complete continence. If an incremental bladder pressure response to filling is present, operations to increase bladder outlet resistance are contraindicated. Treatment with anticholinergic medications was unsuccessful in these cases. PMID- 6540427 TI - Why the OSMA should not bid to become Ohio's utilization and quality control peer review organization (PRO). PMID- 6540428 TI - Histopathologic studies on transscleral argon-krypton photocoagulation with an exolaser probe. AB - We performed argon and krypton laser photocoagulation of the retina and ciliary body on rabbit and monkey eyes using an exolaser probe. Clinically, transscleral retinal lesions produced a white circumscribed reaction. Histologically, we observed necrosis of the retina and choroid. Chronic lesions showed disorganization of the retina and formation of chorioretinal scars. Transciliary body laser coagulation damaged the ciliary body and its processes. The intraocular pressure was reduced in rabbits for one week and in monkeys for two weeks after 360 degrees transciliary laser coagulation. Scleral involvement was a common finding in transscleral laser coagulation. PMID- 6540429 TI - Trabecular meshwork cell culture in glaucoma research: evaluation of biological activity and structural properties of human trabecular cells in vitro. AB - The propagation of human trabecular cells in culture allows the study of the structural and functional properties of this distinct cell type under reproducible experimental conditions. Human trabecular cells can be effectively grown from dissected explants of trabecullar tissue, and the cultured cells can maintain the distinctive ultrastructural features of uncultured trabecular cells through at least five passages in vitro. The trabecular cell possesses a wide range of biochemical and structural properties that may be important for the maintenance of the aqueous outflow pathway. These properties include the growth of trabecular cells as an endothelial monolayer with a nonthrombogenic cell surface, the production of plasminogen activator, avid phagocytosis, and the ability to synthesize glycosaminoglycans, collagen, fibronectin, and other connective tissue elements. The presence of hyaluronidase and other lysosomal enzymes emphasizes that human trabecular cells are capable of metabolizing hyaluronic acid and other extracellular materials. Potential mechanisms of trabecular cell damage in vitro are examined by evaluating the effects of extended passage, peroxide exposure, and laser treatment on cellular morphology. PMID- 6540430 TI - Fluctuations in the glucose level of cow's milk from normal and subclinically diseased udders. AB - Individual quarter samples from some 19 cows on average were investigated monthly over 12 months for determining the udder health status of cows and the glucose concentrations of foremilk and strippings. Foremilk showed a mean 0,1311 mM concentration of glucose which remained fairly stable during the period of investigation and lactation. A fluctuating mean value of 0,2037 mM was determined in strippings in which glucose levels were consistently and appreciably higher than those of foremilk. Foremilk from completely normal quarters and others affected by non-specific cellular reaction, relevant or irrelevant teat canal infection and aseptic or septic subclinical mastitis, showed mean glucose concentrations of 0,1410; 0,1392; 0,1337; 0,1417; 0,1262 and 0,1248 mM, respectively. Strippings from the same quarters showed corresponding values of 0,2056; 0,2861; 0,2100; 0,1733; 0,1661 and 0,1617 mM glucose. PMID- 6540431 TI - A prospective epidemiological investigation of secretory otitis media and tubal dysfunction in children attending day-care centers. Serial tympanometry with an interval of two weeks. AB - The present investigation included 373 children aged 9 months to 7 years, cared for in nine kindergartens and one nursery home. Serial tympanometries were carried out at 2-week intervals. A Madsen Electronics ZS 330 tympanoscope was used for the measurements. To identify A, C1, C2 and B tympanograms, middle ear pressure, compliance and stapedial reflex were measured. After correction for age and other factors which could influence the prevalence of B and C2 tympanograms (number of siblings and parental smoking, which was included in an investigation of the indoor environment of the same children), no significant difference was found in the prevalence of these types of tympanograms, even though the number of children attending the different day-care centers ranged from 19 to 72. No significant difference was found in the prevalence of the A, C1, C2 and B tympanograms between right and left ears, but there was a significant difference in the prevalence of the A tympanograms in boys and girls, but not in C1, C2 and B tympanograms. The maximum prevalence of B tympanograms was found in 1-year-old children, decreasing to the age of 7 years. PMID- 6540432 TI - [Effect of human plasma infusion in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6540433 TI - Urodynamic practice in neuro-urological patients: techniques and clinical value. AB - During the last decade a variety of urodynamic techniques have been developed. Despite this there is a tendency to be somewhat inflexible in the application of urodynamics; as soon as the investigator becomes familiar with one method he tends to use it for all his urodynamic evaluations. A short survey gives information about the most popular urodynamic methods with their combinations, as well as their clinical value for paraplegics. The type and number of urodynamic techniques used at the Rehabilitation Centre Bad Haring during the last 6 years demonstrate that extensive facilities are desirable. This gives the flexibility to choose the proper technique, giving maximal information for the individual patient with minimal costs. The combination of cystometry with X-ray videography (the simplest form of videourodynamics), is the most frequent method used, whereas the time consuming combined pressure-flow-EMG-X-ray-video-studies are only used for special indications (approximately 10 per cent of all our urodynamic studies). In order to obtain information of clinical value sometimes a compromise is necessary in order to find the method somewhere between what we would like to measure and the disturbance caused to the patient. PMID- 6540434 TI - Urodynamic studies in evaluating detrusor sphincter dyssynergia and their effects on the treatment. AB - One of the most frequent difficulties in the rehabilitation of the hyperreflexic bladder in patients with spinal cord injuries is vesico-sphincter-dyssynergia. Comprehensive urodynamic investigations of bladder pressure, abdominal pressure, urethral sphincter electromyography, cystometry and urethral flow were performed. In patients with vesico-sphincter-dyssynergia two methods of treatment were applied: conservative, by alpha-blocking agents, and surgical by incision of the urethral sphincter or bladder neck. In 80 per cent conservative measures were successful in early cases, whereas this figure fell to 50 per cent when undertaken at a later stage. Ten per cent required surgical measures, usually incision of the external urethral sphincter. Sometimes in difficult cases monitoring micturition cysto-urethrography was performed. PMID- 6540435 TI - Alveolar macrophages in perinatal infants. AB - The presence of alveolar macrophages in the neonatal lung at the time of autopsy is correlated with the presence of pulmonary lesions and with the duration of postnatal life. Alveolar macrophages were noted at 20 weeks of gestation in infants with congenital pneumonia, but were not present in most full-term infants who were stillborn. They were found in nearly all infants who survived for 48 hours irrespective of pulmonary lesions or gestational age. PMID- 6540436 TI - Cholesteatoma medial to an intact tympanic membrane in 34 young children. AB - Thirty-five cholesteatomas medial to intact eardrums were treated in 34 children between 1976 and 1982. Six (18%) children had never had a documented episode of otitis media. Seventeen (50%) children, in whom the lesion was diagnosed at an early stage, underwent simple excision of the cholesteatoma without the need for extensive middle ear surgery. Findings from postoperative audiograms were normal for all such children. Cholesteatoma has recurred in eight (23%) children to date. Most recurrences were diagnosed 15 months or less after surgery. Routine careful otoscopic examination is essential in order to discover cholesteatoma at an early stage and to avoid hearing loss and the need for extensive otomastoid surgery. In order to perform an accurate examination of the eardrum, a halogen illuminated otoscope and pneumo-otoscopy should be used by the pediatrician routinely. Particular attention should be paid to the posterior-superior quadrant of the tympanic membrane where a cholesteatoma is usually located. PMID- 6540437 TI - Otitis media with effusion during the first three years of life and development of speech and language. AB - To determine the association between time spent with middle ear effusion and development of speech and language, 205 three-year-old children were studied. Each child had been followed prospectively from birth to record the number of episodes of middle ear disease and to document time spent with middle ear effusion. Standardized tests of speech and language were administered at age 3 years to children who had spent much time with middle ear effusion and to children who had spent little or no time with middle ear effusion. Children who had spent prolonged periods of time with middle ear effusion had significantly lower scores when compared with those who had spent little time with middle ear disease. The correlation was strongest in children from higher socioeconomic strata. Time spent with middle ear effusion in the first 6 to 12 months of life was most strongly associated with poor scores. PMID- 6540438 TI - The attack on the tympanic membrane. PMID- 6540439 TI - A novel soybean mitochondrial transcript resulting from a DNA rearrangement involving the 5S rRNA gene. AB - A tissue culture line of soybean cells (SB-1) is shown to have an unusual arrangement of mitochondrial genes. Fusion of the mitochondrial 5S gene to the distal end of an unidentified gene results in the abundant expression of an 800 nucleotide RNA with the 5S rRNA at its 5' end. Since only the fused 5S rRNA gene is found in this cell line, the functional 5S rRNA must arise by processing of the 800 nucleotide RNA or by intermittent termination of transcription. The 800 nucleotide transcript and its DNA arrangement are not detected at comparable levels in other soybean sources, including the parent plant of the SB-1 tissue culture line. The role of recombination in the origin of this gene fusion and in plant mitochondrial DNA in general is discussed. PMID- 6540440 TI - Immunological and spectroscopic studies of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) modified by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). AB - The conformational changes induced by the binding of cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) to poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) have been studied by reaction with specific antibodies, by circular dichroism and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to Z-DNA bind to platinated poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) at low and high ionic strength. Antibodies elicited in rabbits immunized with the platinated polynucleotide bind to double stranded polynucleotides known to adopt the Z-conformation. At low and high ionic strength the circular dichroism spectrum of platinated poly(dG-dC).poly(dG- dC) does not resemble that of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) (B or Z conformation). At low ionic strength, the characteristic 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the Z form is not detected. It appears only at high ionic strength, as a component of a more complex spectrum. PMID- 6540441 TI - Prostaglandin E1 responsive ductus at 11 months of age. AB - An 11-month-old boy with congestive heart failure and an intermittently closing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is presented. During cardiac catheterization, the ductus proved responsive to prostaglandin E1. Permanent closure of the PDA could not be attained with indomethacin. The infant underwent surgical ligation of the PDA. PMID- 6540442 TI - Effect of naloxone on apomorphine-induced changes in locomotor activity of stress exposed rats. AB - Acute and subacute effects of naloxone (10 mg/kg), apomorphine (0.125 mg/kg; 5 mg/kg) and stressful stimuli (immobilization, cold and sound) on locomotor activity were examined. In both acute and subacute (8 days) treatments, the lower dose of apomorphine decreased locomotor activity and the higher dose of apomorphine increased it. In the acute treatment, naloxone enhanced significantly the depressant effect of the lower dose of apomorphine on locomotor activity. Stress seemed to have no effect on apomorphine induced changes in locomotor activity of rats either in acute or in subacute treatment. PMID- 6540443 TI - [Hydrolysis of streptococcal polysaccharides by micromycete dextranases]. AB - The effect of dextranase enzyme preparations obtained from Penicillium piscarium BIM G-102, Penicillium funiculosum, Aspergillus insuetus G-116 and Aspergillus ustus on polysaccharides synthesized by cariesogenic Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis was being studied. According to the data obtained dextranases from P. piscarium, P. funiculosum and Asp. ustus can be considered as a promising anticarious agent. PMID- 6540444 TI - The effects of intrahypothalamic hemicholinium-3 on muricide, irritability and feeding. AB - Male Long-Evans rats that consistently killed mice when food deprived were injected unilaterally in the lateral hypothalamus with 20 micrograms and 30 micrograms of the acetylcholine synthesis inhibitor hemicholinium-3 (HC-3) and saline in a counterbalanced order. Rats were evaluated 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours post-injection for effects on muricide, irritability and feeding. HC-3 suppressed muricide and feeding and produced a trend toward reduced irritability during the first three hours post-injection. These data indicate that modulation of cholinergic systems in the lateral hypothalamus influences several behaviors and not any one behavior specifically. PMID- 6540445 TI - Effects of ethyl alcohol on hypothalamic affective defense in the cat. AB - Hypothalamic stimulation was used to elicit affective defense in the cat. The behavior was recorded by direct observation and a video tape recorder, and different components thereof were evaluated on a rating scale. The effect of ethyl alcohol, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg body weight, on behavior was studied. Doses of 0.25 and 0.5 g/kg had no clear effect; 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg depressed the majority of the rated components. PMID- 6540446 TI - Behavioral effects of d-amphetamine and apomorphine in the hamster. AB - The effects of d-amphetamine sulfate (0-50 mg/kg) and apomorphine HCl (0-12 mg/kg) on several hamster behaviors were studied. Gnawing, grooming, sniffing, locomoting, circling, rearing, and back arching were measured by direct observation during the period 25-44 min after drug injection. Large doses of d amphetamine produced significant decreases in grooming and rearing, but significantly increased circling; back arching, sniffing, or gnawing were not affected. Large doses of apomorphine produced significant increases in gnawing and decreases in sniffing, but did not affect grooming, rearing, circling, or back arching. In general, response to either drug was highly variable. The results are discussed in comparison with published data from rats. PMID- 6540447 TI - Spontaneous motor activity increases after portacaval anastomosis in rats. AB - Spontaneous motor activity was monitored in rats at various times, up to 14 weeks, after portacaval anastomosis (PCA) or sham operation. Total 24 hour activity scores rose significantly after PCA and remained significantly higher than those of sham operated rats for twelve weeks. After PCA, activity during the twelve hour lighted period was greatly increased, whereas dark period activity was unchanged. Increased activity in the light period was found to be well correlated with the degree of elevation in brain concentrations of tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine and glutamine. These results are consistent with previously reported EEG studies and suggest that motor-activity measurement may facilitate the correlation of biochemical changes with behaviour in rats with portal systemic shunting. PMID- 6540448 TI - Adrenalectomy reduces alcohol-stimulated activity: blood and brain alcohol content. AB - It has been shown that adrenal glucocorticoids have a permissive role in some of the actions of alcohol. To determine if an intact adrenal was necessary for the stimulation of locomotor activity, 24 female C3H mice were tested for open field activity with ethanol or saline. Two weeks after adrenalectomy or sham surgery, animals were tested for activity again with ethanol or saline. One week later, alcohol disappearance curves were generated for blood and brain. Adrenalectomy reduced but did not abolish the alcohol-stimulated locomotor activity. In addition, adrenalectomy significantly reduced estimated peak alcohol levels in blood and brain but significantly reduced the disappearance rate for alcohol only in brain. These data suggest that adrenalectomy significantly changes alcohol distribution, with greater impact on brain alcohol levels than on blood levels, and that this may be responsible, at least in part, for the reduction in stimulated locomotor activity. PMID- 6540449 TI - Prenatal exposure to morphine in mice: enhanced responsiveness to morphine and stress. AB - Some behavioral effects of prenatal morphine administration were studied in CD1 mice. Two sets of experiments were carried out. In a first set, which was performed during development: (a) measures of postnatal reflexes revealed only a light deficit in tests involving motor control, (b) activity measures showed a significant reduction of spontaneous activity which was evident only in the course of the first postnatal days. In a second set of experiments, in which adult mice were tested for activity, analgesia and passive avoidance learning: (a) no difference was observed, in baseline conditions, between the performances of the mice prenatally exposed to saline and those preexposed to morphine, (b) as compared with controls, enhanced responsiveness to morphine administration (for the activity and passive avoidance measures), and to morphine and stress (for the analgesic measures) were found. PMID- 6540450 TI - Adrenal and urinary catecholamines during and after severe ethanol intoxication in rats: a profile of changes. AB - Adrenal and urinary levels of adrenaline and noradrenaline were determined in rats subjected to severe ethanol intoxication for periods of up to 96 hours, in rats undergoing withdrawal and in a post-withdrawal period, and in controls. Adrenaline and noradrenaline content of adrenal glands fell markedly to less than eight and twenty percent, respectively, after four days of intoxication. Noradrenaline content, but not adrenaline content, had recovered after a subsequent four day period of recovery. The depletion in adrenal catecholamine levels was coincident with increases in urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline levels over the first 48 hours of intoxication. Urinary catecholamine levels remained higher than control values for the next 48 hours of intoxication. Adrenal glands were larger after 12 hours of intoxication, although there was no increase in dry weight. At later times adrenal enlargement was associated with increased dry weight and protein content. This increase in mass was found to be of cortical origin. These results demonstrate that severe ethanol intoxication promotes an intense stimulation of the rat adrenal gland with enhanced synthesis and release of catecholamines, and cortical hypertrophy. PMID- 6540451 TI - Dissociation of prey killing and prey eating by naloxone in the rat. AB - Mouse killing rats matched for killing latency and prey eating were injected (IP) with 0.5, 2.0, or 5.0 mg/kg naloxone or 0.9% saline. Naloxone did not significantly inhibit prey killing or alter prey killing latency at any dose but did reduce prey eating by 50% at the two higher doses. The dissociation of prey killing and prey eating by naloxone is consistent with other evidence that these two behaviors are separate components of predation in rats. PMID- 6540452 TI - Opposite locomotor asymmetries elicited from the medial and lateral SN by modulation of SN DA receptors. AB - In combination with systemic d-amphetamine (1 mg/kg), apomorphine or alpha flupenthixol were unilaterally injected into either the medial or lateral substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) of adult male hooded rats. Direction and magnitude of circling were measured. Alpha-flupenthixol (5 and 15 micrograms) injected into the medial SNC caused rats to circle contraversive to the injected side while laterally placed injections produced ipsiversive circling. Apomorphine (5 and 15 micrograms) induced ipsiversive circling when injected into the medial SNC but had no effect in the lateral SNC. The results show that nigrostriatal mediated circling can be induced by modulation of dopamine (DA) receptors in the SNC. Furthermore, the findings support the notion that lateral SNC DA neurons are functionally antagonistic to medial SNC DA neurons with respect to circling. The results also suggest that there may be medial-lateral SNC differences in the type of DA receptors. PMID- 6540453 TI - The effect of apomorphine on the open-field behavior of rats: alone and in pairs. AB - Male rats were observed in the open-field while alone and while in pairs in an alternating series of trials. The trials extended over a 78 min session following injections of either saline (0.9%) or apomorphine (5.0 mg/kg, IP) into the observed member of each pair. Contrary to the literature on apomorphine stereotypy, apomorphine did not induce continuous sniffing of the environment and continuous gnawing in most rats. Sniffing of the environment remained at normal levels but there was an increase in nodding the head in the vertical plane while keeping the snout close to the floor. Apomorphine-induced hyperactivity was attributed to two factors: a sustained increase in the duration of bouts of locomotion and a failure of the frequency of bouts of locomotion to habituate to novelty. Apomorphine eliminated all social behavior directed toward the other rat, however apomorphine rats showed they were sensible to the presence of the other by increasing their locomotion and rearing when the partner was introduced. PMID- 6540454 TI - Self-injurious behavior in rats produced by intranigral microinjection of GABA agonists. AB - Bilateral injection of the GABA agonist muscimol (10-300 ng) into the caudal substantia nigra (pars reticulata) of rats produced dose-dependent stereotyped gnawing and self-biting. Limiting the opportunity to gnaw on inanimate objects shifted the dose-response curve for muscimol-induced self-injurious behavior (SIB) to the left and increased the maximum incidence of SIB. Microinjection of muscimol (30 ng) into the rostral and caudal regions of the substantia nigra were equally effective in producing SIB, though the incidence of SIB decreased sharply when muscimol was injected 1 mm rostral or caudal to the substantia nigra. Bilateral intranigral injection of THIP (100-1000 ng) and (+/-)baclofen (100-1000 ng) induced a low incidence of SIB. However, neither IP administration of picrotoxin (5 mg/kg) or simultaneous microinjection of (+)bicuculline methiodide (BMI; 300 or 1000 ng) along with muscimol (30 ng) blocked muscimol-induced SIB. In fact, (+)BMI increased the occurrence of self-biting and reduced the latency to onset of SIB. The involvement of GABAergic mechanisms in muscimol-induced SIB is discussed. PMID- 6540455 TI - Atypical neuroleptics clozapine and thioridazine enhance amphetamine-induced stereotypy. AB - The effects of the atypical neuroleptics clozapine and thioridazine and the typical neuroleptic pimozide on amphetamine-induced behavior were examined. Pimozide, as expected, blocked both amphetamine-induced locomotion and stereotypy. Thioridazine and clozapine antagonized the increases in locomotion produced by amphetamine, but produced increases in amphetamine-induced stereotypy and lowered the threshold dose for stereotypy. It is suggested that the increased stereotypy might partly account for the decreased locomotion, and that this might be a primary effect of these atypical neuroleptics. The data would also suggest that the use of amphetamine-induced stereotypy as a model for psychosis is inappropriate, as clozapine and thioridazine, which enhance stereotypy, are antipsychotic. PMID- 6540456 TI - Structure-activity relationships for dermorphin-related tetrapeptides. AB - The opiate-like activity of six newly synthesized dermorphin-related tetrapeptides was determined in guinea pig ileum, mouse vas deferens and mouse tail-flick tests. Naloxone was a powerful antagonist of all compounds. Moreover, the biological activities of the compounds under examination were correlated in a statistically significant way to the lipophilic character of the C-terminal substituents and to an indicator variable taking into account the presence of an amidic group at the C-terminus. PMID- 6540457 TI - Dissociation of stimulation-bound feeding and apomorphine-induced gnawing by lesions of superior colliculus. AB - The intense stereotyped gnawing induced by high doses of apomorphine is almost abolished by large bilateral lesions of the superior colliculus. It has been argued that the feeding produced by electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamic area is closely related to dopamine-mediated oral stereotypies; if so, it might be expected that lesions of the superior colliculus would also disrupt stimulation-bound feeding. Feeding was obtained from 14 hypothalamic electrodes in 8 hooded Lister rats. Subsequent electrolytic lesions of the superior colliculus had no overall effect on this behaviour from 13 of the 14 electrodes, even though the lesions reduced the gnawing induced by 8-20 mg/kg apomorphine to less than 10% of its preoperative intensity. It is concluded that stimulation-bound feeding and apomorphine-induced gnawing are not dependent on identical neural circuitry, and therefore stimulation-bound feeding is probably not mediated by the nigrotectal pathway. PMID- 6540458 TI - Changes in responsiveness to newborn pups in pregnant, nulliparous golden hamsters. AB - Virgin female hamsters were mated and tested once daily for maternal retrieving behavior beginning on days 0, 5, 9, 13, 15, of the 16 day gestation period to determine if responsiveness toward newborn pups changes as pregnancy proceeds. Upon initial exposure to 3 newborn pups, only a small percentage of early-to-mid pregnant females exhibited maternal retrieving behavior spontaneously. In contrast, over half of the 15 day pregnant females displayed retrieving during the first test. Despite the high frequency of initial pup-directed aggression and cannibalism, maternal retrieval was induced in the majority of the females in all groups by repeated daily exposure to 3 newborn pups. However, no significant differences were observed in the number of pup exposure periods required to induce maternal retrieving in 0, 5, and 9 day pregnant females. It is concluded that the high level of maternal responsiveness observed in the parturient hamster develops somewhat abruptly during late pregnancy. In this respect, the pattern observed in the hamster differs from the more gradual increase in maternal responsiveness reported in mid-to-late-pregnant mice and rats. PMID- 6540459 TI - Different test situations for measuring offensive aggression in male rats do not result in the same wound pattern. AB - It has been reported by the Blanchards, that the attacks of offensively motivated rats produce a very characteristic wound distribution on the body of opponents, the back region being the most prominent target area. We now report that the distribution of wounds on male intruders produced by male resident Wistar rats in a resident-intruder paradigm, depends on the experimental situation used. Rats solitarily housed in small cages (0.1 m2), produced most wounds (57%) on the upper back, about 14% on the lower back, whereas head and belly were much less bitten. Rats housed in larger cages (0.52 m2) with a female ("territorial situation") produced about 39% of the wounds on the back, equally divided over the anterior and posterior parts. In this situation the head (21%) and the belly (23%) were more frequently bitten than in the other test situations. In a large colony (5.7 m2), practically all wounds were situated dorsally (81%), the majority (58.5%) on the lower part of the back. It was concluded that the distribution of wounds over the body of the intruder was at least partly determined by the possibility of escape. PMID- 6540460 TI - The bladder flap for urethral reconstruction in total phalloplasty. AB - At the University of Virginia Hospital we have developed a new technique of urethroplasty utilizing a full-thickness flap of bladder wall. Tubing and transfer of the flap may be completed in two stages. The bladder flap is approximately 28 X 4 cm in size. Strictures have not occurred with this technique, but special care is needed in placing the tube to avoid kinking of the new urethra at the angle where the penile urethra passes anterior to the pubic bone. In conjunction with modern methods of phalloplasty, a two-stage reconstruction of the entire phallus, including a functioning urethra, can be performed by combining the bladder wall flap with a modern (axial vessel) abdominal or groin skin flap. This will allow a patient to have satisfactory intercourse and permit orthostatic micturition with a minimum number of operative procedures. PMID- 6540461 TI - Inflammation and silicone prostheses. PMID- 6540462 TI - Effect of glycerol and low pH on heat-induced cell killing and loss of cellular DNA polymerase activities in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - A whole-cell assay technique for DNA polymerase alpha and beta was used to measure the activities of both enzymes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells after hyperthermic treatment of 42.2 - 45.5 degrees C in acidic or basic environment and in the presence or absence of 5% glycerol. Cell survival was measured at the same time, and the DNA polymerase activities were correlated with survival. The results show a positive correlation between cell killing by heat and loss of DNA polymerase beta activity, both when cells were sensitized to heat by treatment at pH 6.7 with or without glycerol and when cells were protected from heat by treatment with 5% glycerol at pH 7.4 or 6.7. The results show a poor correlation between loss of DNA polymerase alpha activity and cell survival; i.e., compared to cell killing, the loss of DNA polymerase alpha activity was sensitized to heat more by acidic treatment without glycerol and was protected less from heat by glycerol treatment at normal physiological pH (pH 7.4). However, cell killing and loss of polymerase alpha activity did correlate well for sensitization to heat by acidic treatment in the presence of glycerol and for protection from heat by glycerol treatment at low pH. These results considered with other hyperthermia polymerase studies suggest that heat effects on membranes can apparently result in changes in environmental conditions within the cell (secondary effects), which can in turn alter polymerase activities and/or the direct or secondary effect of heat on the polymerase enzymes. Furthermore, loss of polymerase beta activity serves as a better index of thermal damage resulting in cell death than loss of alpha activity. PMID- 6540463 TI - Cardiac imaging with a high-speed Cine-CT Scanner: preliminary results. AB - CT scans were obtained with a Cine-CT Scanner that uses a rapidly moving focused electron beam. The 50-msec CT scans were obtained at two transverse levels simultaneously through the hearts of a series of four normal dogs and six patients, four with coronary artery disease and two with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two scanning mode options were chosen. Myocardial wall thickening and motion were studied by obtaining ten 50-msec CT exposures during one heart beat within less than one second (cine-CT mode). Regional myocardial blood flow was assessed by obtaining approximately 20 scans at the same level of the left ventricle; each 50-msec exposure was gated to the same phase of 20 sequential heartbeats after intravenous administration of contrast medium (dynamic mode). These initial studies show the feasibility of defining regional and global myocardial contraction using the cine-CT mode, and the considerable potential for measuring regional myocardial perfusion using the flow (dynamic) mode. PMID- 6540464 TI - The use of water ingestion to distinguish the gallbladder and duodenum on cholescintigrams. AB - Cholescintigraphic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis requires accurate assessment of gallbladder nonvisualization. Confusion may occur when the gallbladder overlies the duodenal sweep or when labeled bile pools in the duodenum. Gallbladder activity could not be differentiated from duodenal activity in 21 patients. The oral ingestion of 225 ml of water permitted successful differentiation of the gallbladder from the duodenum. In 25 control subjects, it was demonstrated that that volume of water did not have a cholecystokinetic effect. PMID- 6540465 TI - Cost reduction opportunities in radiology departments. AB - The recent institution of prospective methods of hospital reimbursement has created a strong incentive to reduce costs. Significant savings were achieved in the cardiovascular-interventional radiology section of our hospital by obtaining competitive bids, purchasing in bulk, purchasing certain comparable but less expensive supplies, reducing film use, and altering patterns of use of some supplies. PMID- 6540466 TI - [Place of VEP's and ERG in neonatal encephalopathies and impaired visual maturation in the infant and young child]. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) induced by brief flashes and electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded in 15 infants (9 prematures and 6 babies with perinatal cerebral injuries) suffering from important disturbances in their visual behavior (abnormal fixation, cortical blindness). The parallel evolution of the visual symptoms and the electrophysiological signs were studied and a good correlation was observed between these clinical and electrical signs. The authors insist on the clinical and prognostic value of the VEP in this category of infants. PMID- 6540467 TI - [Effect of ethanol in the pre-ovulatory period on the ovarian cycle, progesterone and estradiol in the rat]. AB - The effect of high doses of ethanol (2 and 4 g/kg) administered to rats in pre ovulatory periods (18th hour of diestrus) was studied. Plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone were measured at 10 hours of oestrus and changes in the ovarian cycle and the number of mature follicles were recorded. Compared with the control group, the receptive phase of estrus of the treated animals was longer lasting over 2 to 3 days. There was also an increase in the number of mature follicles as well as an increase in the plasma level of estradiol on the morning of estrus. Progesterone values showed no significant variations. Ethanol administered at the 18th hour of diestrus inhibits ovulation but not follicle development and allows the maintenance of high levels of estrogens on the morning of estrus. As a result the keratinization of the vaginal epithelium and the estrus phase are prolonged by 2 or 3 days. PMID- 6540468 TI - A low-cost contact lens for green-only argon-laser photocoagulation. AB - Filtration of argon laser light to eliminate the blue wavelengths and create a green-only light may be clinically useful in treating macular lesions. To that end, an inexpensive, easy method of modifying a posterior pole contact lens for use with any ophthalmic argon laser to allow only green, not blue, laser light to be used for macular photocoagulation is described. PMID- 6540469 TI - Contact lenses for Nd:YAG application in the vitreous. AB - A set of convex-surfaced contact lenses with radii of 12.5 mm, 18 mm, and 25 mm has been developed for Nd:YAG laser work in the vitreous cavity. The lenses reduce the energy threshold for plasma formation and increase the safety of intraocular YAG laser use. PMID- 6540470 TI - [Evolution of perinatal mortality in 4 maternal health centers in the Walloon region from 1977 to 1982]. PMID- 6540471 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura occurring in a patient with mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 6540472 TI - The role of fibrinolytic enzymes in inflammation and paranasal mucous membrane. AB - The distribution and role of tissue plasminogen activator (TA) and proactivator (PA) in various diseases of the nasal and paranasal cavity were investigated. The stronger the inflammatory and proliferative response of the paranasal mucous membrane, the weaker was the fibrinolytic activity of TA. The fibrinolytic activity of PA tended to be stronger than TA activity. It is considered that PA may play an important role in inflammatory enlargement and proliferation of the paranasal mucous membrane, but does not play an important role in carcinogenic enlargement and proliferation of the nasal and paranasal mucous membrane. PMID- 6540473 TI - [Incidence of inter-estrus follicles in cattle]. PMID- 6540474 TI - Urethral fistulae of tuberculous origin. PMID- 6540475 TI - Resolution of prostaglandin-induced cortical hyperostosis in an infant. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has been used to preserve patency of the ductus arteriosus in various forms of congenital heart disease. Long-term PGE1 therapy often leads to the roentgenographic findings of cortical hyperostosis, similar to those seen in infectious or metabolic diseases. These periosteal reactions regress after cessation of PGE1 therapy and should not prompt further diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 6540476 TI - Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy occurring with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - A 33-year-old homosexual man with symptoms and signs of a focal brain process was subsequently found to have an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with biopsy-proven progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. This report reemphasizes the association of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with AIDS and probably is best viewed as another example of an opportunistic CNS infection complicating deficient cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6540477 TI - Prognostic factors for splenectomy response in adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The prognostic factors for splenectomy response were evaluated in 40 adult patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). We defined the corticosteroid response on the basis of the platelet count after seven to ten days of therapy, rather than at some time after discontinuing corticosteroid agents, as previously reported in the literature. Initial corticosteroid response was statistically significant in predicting splenectomy response; age and sex were marginally significant; duration of symptoms and spleen weight were not predictive. Of 30 patients with a minor or complete response to corticosteroids, 28 (93%) responded to splenectomy; of ten patients unresponsive to corticosteroids only four (40%) responded to splenectomy (P less than .001). Eighty-two percent of the patients in the complete responder group are projected to be continually relapse-free at 96 months. Only one of the patients in this group died; the nonresponders to splenectomy had a median survival of only ten months. PMID- 6540478 TI - Development of narcotic addiction, tolerance and cross-tolerance. PMID- 6540479 TI - Exercise-related death in subjects with coexistent hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease. Case reports. AB - Autopsy findings in 3 White men who died suddenly during or after exercise are described. Two were well conditioned marathon runners who had recently completed a 90 km ultramarathon, while the third was active in sports other than running. At autopsy all had significant coronary artery disease (CAD) involving the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries and macroscopic or histological features diagnostic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Although CAD and HCM are well-established causes of sudden death in athletes, the combination is uncommon. The absence of symptoms prior to death in 2 of the subjects indicates that the possibility of antemortem diagnosis (particularly of HCM) was unlikely. PMID- 6540480 TI - Prevalence of Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam in the intestinal tract of an insectivorous bat, Rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei Gray, in Delhi. AB - The prevalance of Basidiobolus ranarum Eidam is reported from the intestinal contents of 14 (7%) of 200 bats belonging to Rhinopoma hardwickei hardwickei Gray ('the lesser rat-tailed bat'), an insectivorous species captured from Delhi area. Eleven of the positive bats were captured during August/September whereas the remaining three came from collections made during November or April. No macroscopic or microscopic lesions were found in the intestine of the bats yielding B. ranarum. This is believed to be the first report on the association of B. ranarum with bats. A more extensive sampling of bat species including their guano is indicated to elucidate the role of Chiroptera in the biological cycle of B. ranarum. PMID- 6540481 TI - The relationship of Cladosporium carrionii to Cladophialophora ajelloi. AB - Twelve of 21 isolates of Cladosporium carrionii, when grown on nutritionally deficient media such as lactrimel agar, hay infusion agar, diluted corn meal dextrose agar, and water agar, produced urniform phialides and phialoconidia identical with those produced by two isolates of Cladophialophora ajelloi. All isolates of C. carrionii and Cph. ajelloi hydrolyzed urea in 7 days, but failed to liquefy gelatin. The decomposition of casein, xanthine, hypoxanthine, and tyrosine was found to be of no diagnostic value because of the variable results given by the isolates of C. carrionii. None of the C. bantianum isolates or commonly encountered saprophytic species of Cladosporium, such as C. cladosporioides and C. herbarum, showed the ability to form phialides on any of the media tested. Because of the identical nature of the two synanamorphs of Cph. ajelloi, namely the Cladosporium-type and the Phialophora-type, with those of C. carionii, Cph. ajelloi is considered to be a later synonym of C. carrionii. The Latin description of C. carrionii is emended to include the Phialophora anamorph. PMID- 6540482 TI - Suprasellar hemangioblastoma. AB - A case of suprasellar hemangioblastoma attached to the pituitary stalk is reviewed. The patient presented with amenorrhea-galactorrhea and a highly vascularized suprasellar lesion. Though the exact diagnosis was not made before the operation, the authors emphasize the importance of angiography, which had significant features regarding the diagnosis. PMID- 6540483 TI - Macular edema secondary to occlusion of the retinal veins. AB - Occlusion of the central and branch retinal veins causes macular edema by provoking increased venous pressure which is transmitted to the perifoveal capillaries. Damage to the perifoveal capillary endothelium results in leakage with macular edema. The severity of the retinal findings (i.e., macular hemorrhages, macular edema, etc.) is determined by the location, completeness, duration, and evolution of the obstruction (i.e., recanalization of a thrombus). Spontaneous remission of macular edema secondary to either a partial central or branch occlusion carries a relative good visual prognosis. Chronic macular edema secondary to occlusion of either central or branch veins is associated with a relatively poor visual prognosis. In selected cases, paramacular photocoagulation can reverse chronic macular edema and result in visual improvement. PMID- 6540484 TI - [Idiopathic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pregnancy]. PMID- 6540485 TI - The rapid separation and assay of previously unreported plasminogen activators in human euglobulin fractions. The effect of venous occlusion. AB - Euglobulins were prepared from pre and post venous occlusion plasma by acidification and dilution at pH 5.9. It is shown by isoelectrofocussing that there are several plasminogen activators with differing pI's in euglobulin fractions. Activators with pI's 8.9/9.0, and 9.4 are the major activators responsible for the increase in post occlusion plasminogen activator activity. Fibrin was necessary for the induction of the vascular occlusion response. PMID- 6540486 TI - [Protocol for perinatal postmortem examination]. PMID- 6540487 TI - [Erythema multiforme major (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) caused by orf virus infection]. PMID- 6540488 TI - [The decision to replace dairy cows in case of difficult-to-achieve pregnancy: an economic evaluation]. AB - The question approached is, 'How long will it be profitable to continue breeding dairy cattle in cases of poor reproductive performance, differing in age and milk production potential, until it has to be decided to cull them?' This question was expressed in an economic replacement model for dairy cattle. The essence of the model is a comparison of anticipated incomes from a cow present in the herd an a replacement cow. For herd cows, the critical production level (expressed as a percentage of the herd level, after correction for age and stage of lactation) below which it is no longer profitable to breed empty cows was calculated. This was done at ten stages in each lactation. It was found to be profitable to continue breeding cows with poor reproductive performance for a long period: even up to 8-9 months after calving in young cows showing an average production level or higher. The most important factor affecting the calculated critical production levels was found to be the repeatability of an unduly long calving interval of the cow concerned: if problems regarding reproductive performance are also expected in future lactations, breeding should be stopped earlier in lactation. PMID- 6540489 TI - [The use of linear-array real-time echography in veterinary obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - For the past few years, two-dimensional diagnostic ultrasound methods have become available to veterinary medicine. In particular, linear-array real-time ultrasound would appear to be a very suitable diagnostic tool in the examination of the female genital organs of domestic mammals. The principles of this technique and the equipment available are described, and particular attention is paid to the method by which a diagnosis of pregnancy may be established in various animal species. In dogs and goats shaving will have to be done before the sound-transmitting/receiving transducer can be placed on the abdominal skin. This is not required in pigs and sheep, in which the skin of the inguinal area usually is bare. In mares and cows, the transducer can be introduced into the rectum, thereby minimizing the distance to the genital organs. Personal preliminary observations and the published experience reported by other investigators suggest that linear-array real-time ultrasound can be used: in (early) pregnancy diagnosis, early confirmation of non-pregnancy, prediction of the number of foetuses (mare, cow, sheep and goat), determination and quantification of embryonic/foetal mortality, to assess the viability of a foetus before/during parturition, to diagnose the possible presence of other foetuses on the completion of delivery (bitch, cat, sow), in the diagnosis of an enlarged, though non-pregnant, uterus and in the diagnosis of the ovaries. It can be expected that more quantitative information will come available for each of these uses within the next few years. PMID- 6540490 TI - Intracisternal tubules and intramitochondrial filaments in cells of a snail, Limnaea. AB - Epithelial and peritubular cells associated with the reproductive tract of the snail, Limnaea stagnalis, contain an extensive system of endoplasmic reticulum that is often dilated with many closely packed intracisternal tubules. The intracisternal tubules are approximately 24-28 nm in diameter and they are often hexagonally packed. They have a two-layered wall, possess fine interconnections, and extend linearly for considerable distances, but angular bends in the tubules also occur. Mitochondria in the peritubular cells contain solid, filamentous structures 9-12 nm in diameter and triangular-shaped structures when sectioned in the mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 6540491 TI - The liquid crystalline nature of the cytoskeleton in epidermal cells of the chaetognath Sagitta. AB - The chaetognaths have a multilayered epidermis, which is not covered by cuticle, except in the head region. Two kinds of cells are found in the epidermis: the filament-rich cells, adjacent to the basement membrane, and superficial cells, which are filament poor. The filament-rich cells, which are linked by gap junctions and columnar junctions, are highly developed in the collarette region, which joins the head and the trunk. As elsewhere in the epidermis these cells are covered by the filament poor cells which are linked by zonulae adhaerentes, gap junctions and septate junctions. The filaments present in the inner cells of the collarette form a twisted fibrous arrangement, which shows parallel series of nested arcs when observed in oblique section. Such systems are well known in numerous skeletal materials and correspond to polymerized analogues of certain liquid crystals. The amount of connective tissue is extremely reduced in Sagitta. One can hypothesize that filament-rich cells are abundant in regions which undergo strong deformations. This is the case in the collarette, in contact with the basement membrane of the epidermis (which in turn is in contact with a myotendinous system), in a region where ingested prey must go through the general cavity where there is high internal pressure. PMID- 6540492 TI - Partial characterization of bone marrow hemopoiesis in mice after cisplatin administration. AB - After cessation of cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum) chemotherapy, selective recovery of certain cell lineages occurs during bone marrow hemopoiesis. To further investigate the process of selective hemopoiesis, we combined the use of buoyant density gradient separation, morphology, and lymphocyte function assays to characterize changes in the hemopoiesis of immature and mature marrow cells after exposure to cisplatin. A single, cytotoxic dose of cisplatin was administered to B6D2F1 male mice, and marrow cell suspensions were taken from these mice 3 and 7 days later to characterize hemopoietic recovery. Morphology and buoyant density separation of marrow cells revealed that the most significant changes in cellular composition occurred at Day 3. At this time, there was an increase in immature white blood cells (WBCs) and immature polymorphoneutrophils (PMNs) with a concomitant reduction in immature red blood cells (RBCs). By Day 7, the normal proportion of immature RBCs, immature WBCs, and PMNs was restored; however, the buoyant distribution patterns for PMNs indicated that a greater proportion of immature PMNs was still present relative to marrow suspensions from normal mice. Fewer lymphocytes were also observed in marrows from the Day 7 group when compared with controls. Lymphocyte function tests indicated reduced mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes from both Day 3 and Day 7; however, more immature lymphocytes were present after 7 days than were seen with either normal or Day 3 marrow suspensions. Overall, the results indicated that hemopoiesis proceeded through a specific hierarchy which began with the restoration of the erythrocyte line followed by the leukocyte cell lines. Lymphocyte recovery lagged behind the restoration of all the cell lineages examined. PMID- 6540493 TI - Hepatic mixed function oxygenase activity and glutathione S-transferase activity in mice following ethanol consumption and withdrawal. AB - The effect of an 8 day liquid diet containing 7% v/v ethanol and the effect of ethanol withdrawal on several drug metabolizing enzyme activities, cytochrome P 450 content and glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) has been studied in male C57/BL mice. After treatment, hepatic microsomal activities toward benzphetamine (BNZ), biphenyl (BPH) and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and cytosolic GST activity towards 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) were determined. Ethanol treatment caused a differential time dependent increase in the metabolism of the 4 xenobiotics. Increased BPH-4-hydroxylase activity correlated most closely with that of the increased concentration of hepatic P-450. That is, both values were increased (5.8-fold) over controls after 8 days of ethanol treatment. Ethanol withdrawal (24 h) resulted in a 46% reduction in the P-450 content and a 26% reduction in BPH-4-hydroxylase activity compared to the elevated values at day 8. By 48 h, the values were no different from controls. DNA-N-demethylase, BNZ-N demethylase and GST activities all increased after 4 days of ethanol treatment and remained the same at 8 days. However, ethanol withdrawal resulted in differential time dependent changes in the activities towards BNZ, DMN, and CDNB. While DMN-N-demethylase activity returned to control activity within 24 h, BNZ-N demethylase activity did not change for the first 24 h of withdrawal, but returned to control activity by 48 h. GST activity had not decreased by 48 h of withdrawal. These data suggest that ethanol induces several cytochrome P-450 isozymes that have a time difference in induction by ethanol and reduction following ethanol withdrawal. Furthermore, ethanol induction of GSTs occurs quickly (4 days) and remains elevated at least 48 h after ethanol withdrawal. PMID- 6540494 TI - Thrombocytopathic purpura associated with eosinophilia. AB - An acquired bleeding syndrome associated with eosinophilia occurs in South-east Asia, mainly in children. Bleeding is known to result from impaired platelet function. This paper reports seven previously healthy young adults from Singapore who exhibited this syndrome. Bleeding was confined mainly to the skin and mucosal surfaces; no unusual clinical findings were noted. The bleeding tendency was transient. Intestinal helminths were found in four cases; five were mildly thrombocytopenic at onset. Platelet aggregation abnormalities were transient and the pattern suggested storage pool disease; this is discussed in relation to recent studies of the syndrome. The possible pathogenic role of eosinophilia and parasitism is also discussed. PMID- 6540495 TI - Optically clear endometrial nuclei. AB - The ultrastructure of optically clear endometrial nuclei is presented. These nuclear alterations have been found in spontaneous abortion, term pregnancy, endometriosis, and uterine choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6540496 TI - Ureteral stent in management of fungal pyonephrosis due to Torulopsis glabrata. AB - An indwelling ureteral stent was successfully used to relieve an obstructive uropathy with secondary fungal pyonephrosis caused by Torulopsis glabrata. PMID- 6540498 TI - Veterinarians as ATB livestock trainers. PMID- 6540497 TI - Combined bladder and urethral drainage catheter. PMID- 6540499 TI - Plasma concentrations of PGFM in two cows with and in two cows without post partum endometritis. PMID- 6540500 TI - Tail painting technique as an aid to oestrus detection in cattle. AB - The value of heat detection by tail painting was assessed by simultaneous visual observation and regular plasma progesterone assay in grazing animals; 88.1 per cent of all heats were accompanied by a positive tail paint record and 30.1 per cent of positive tail paint records occurred in dioestrous animals. Conception rates to the first insemination were 57.6 per cent and 57.9 per cent for heifers and cows, respectively. Of seven animals which showed behavioural oestrus but had intact tail paint, three conceived following insemination. These results suggest that tail paint may be a useful aid in heat detection. PMID- 6540501 TI - Relationship between oestrous behaviour and frequency of visits made by dairy cows to out-of-parlour concentrate dispensers. AB - Sixty-five oestruses in 38 cows were confirmed either by using progesterone concentration determined in milk or by conception to a service on the same day. The cows were fed concentrates through variable-time out-of-parlour dispensers and the number of visits made by each cow to the dispensers was automatically recorded daily and a 10-day running mean calculated. A significant increase or decrease in visits was recorded when the number of visits on one day differed from the mean number of visits during the previous 10 days by at least two standard deviations. Ninety-three increases and 40 decreases in visits occurred within +/- 10 days of the 65 confirmed oestruses. There were significantly more (16) than the expected number of increases on the day before oestrus (P less than 0.001) but at no other time. Recording increased visits to out-of-parlour concentrate dispensers may help to identify oestrus in dairy cows. PMID- 6540502 TI - A case report of Nerium oleander poisoning in cattle. AB - Nerium oleander leaves caused the death within 36 hours of 7 of 17 cattle which had access to boughs of the plant. Arrhythmia and auriculo-ventricular block at ECG were found in three cattle surviving on day 4. In one animal which died on day 4, postmortem examination revealed subendocardial and abomasal hemorrhages. Epidermic tissues of the leaves of N oleander were found in the rumen content. Recovery occurred in the three animals with marked cardiac signs. PMID- 6540503 TI - [Nephrological examination during Platidiam therapy]. PMID- 6540504 TI - [Etiology of cerebral infarcts caused by emboli--subacute bacterial endocarditis]. AB - Bacterial endocarditis is a rare cause of brain infarction. Prediposing factors are frequently valvular defects secondary to rheumatic conditions. A slowly progressive course and atypical symptoms of the disease can mask the condition to such an extent that the correct diagnosis is obtained only through the work up of secondary embolic complications. Modern antibiotic combinations therapy yields a cure in 98% of the cases. The problems obtaining the diagnosis and the course of the disease with antibiotic therapy will be demonstrated in a case of embolic brain infarction secondary to bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 6540505 TI - Mucormycosis: a fatal case by Saksenaea vasiformis. PMID- 6540506 TI - [Ultrastructural findings in Arndt-Gottron's scleromyxedema]. AB - The ultrastructure of a skin biopsy taken from a 64-year-old patient with clinically typical scleromyxedema has been studied. Histologically, the disease is characterized by dermal depositions of acid mucopolysaccharides, as well as an increased number of fibroblasts and tissue mast cells. Electron microscopically, the collagen microfibrils exhibited irregularities of their shapes and widths. In addition, the elastic fibres were unevenly contrasted with small defective areas of the matrix, and there was loss of fibrils. We also encountered a substantial number of highly active "dendritic" fibroblasts that frequently contained phagolysomal cytoplasmic inclusions. Probably these cells are responsible for the increased deposition of newly formed collagen fibres and elastic material. Furthermore, peculiar variants of fibroblasts are described, the cytoplasms of which were replete with heterolysosomal and autolysosomal inclusions. Finally, the tissue mast cells showed unusually large specific granules, so that these cells may also take part in the pathological process. PMID- 6540507 TI - [Electron microscopic-morphometric and biochemical studies of the kidney of male rats following castration and treatment with an anabolic steroid]. PMID- 6540508 TI - [Medico-genetic consultation and clinico-social prognosis of epileptics]. AB - The results of the clinical-genetic examinations of 291 families of the general population are discussed. The authors present tables of empirical risk of recurrent epilepsy and lesser epileptic manifestations (epileptoid psychopathy, childhood convulsions) among the relatives of probands with regard to the degree of kinship, the familial (above all parenthood) identical and non-identical aggravated heridity, clinical polymorphism of the disease and populational characteristics. The questions of the clinical and social prognosis of epilepsy in specific clinical-genetic familial situations are also outlined. The deontologic aspects of the medical-genetic counselling of patients with a familial history of epilepsy are discussed. Groups with high and very high risk of recurrent epilepsy are identified. The findings presented make it possible to improve the medical-genetic counselling as well as clinical and social prognosis in specific familial-genetic situations in epilepsy. PMID- 6540509 TI - Cell proliferation in the dog (beagle) ovary during proestrus and early estrus. AB - Cell proliferation in the ovaries of 5 Beagle dogs was studied by autoradiography after pulse labelling with (3H)-thymidine during different periods of proestrus and early estrus. Indices of labelling and of necrosis were determined for different follicle types grouped according to their stages of atresia. Cell proliferation became most obvious during early proestrus in antral and in Graafian follicles, and during the periovulatory period in preantral follicles. By contrast, low labelling indices appeared in all follicle types during the middle of proestrus. All follicle types demonstrated a continuous decrease in labelling from early to late atresia with the exception of the granulosal layer of antral follicles during the periovulatory period. While many necrotic granulosal cells were found in antral follicles during the first 6 days of proestrus, there were few during the periovulatory period. Even Graafian follicles displayed necrotic granulosal cells now and then. It may be concluded that (1) intact ovarian follicles can show subtle changes indicating the beginning of atresia, and (2) during the proliferative phase of a long estrous cycle cell replication in the ovary is characterized by two bursts at the beginning and at the end of this period. PMID- 6540510 TI - Experimental long-term tubal occlusion in cats. A quantitative histopathological study. AB - Unilateral tubal occlusion was performed in 10 cats, which were sacrificed 26-44 months later. During the observation period repeated bilateral tympanometry and auditory nerve response were recorded. Paracentesis with evacuation of effusion was performed up to eight times and the effusion was examined by viscometry. After sacrifice, quantitative histopathology of the bulla with determination of goblet cell density was carried out. In three ears having glue at the last paracentesis, the histopathologic changes were more pronounced than in the four ears having thin effusion. Three ears were dry at sacrifice with normal tympanometry, the histopathological changes evidently demonstrate the the normalization of the middle ear mucosa. The experiments demonstrate the great importance of tubal patency or function in prognosis of the disease. In ears with anatomically occluded tubes, no recovery occurred, whereas in ears with normalized tubal function, the middle ear mucosa and goblet cell density also normalized. Pathogenic and etiological aspects of secretory otitis are discussed. PMID- 6540511 TI - Mastoid pneumatization in secretory otitis. Further support for the environmental theory. AB - A cohort of 222 randomized healthy children was followed with 7 repetitive tympanometries from the age of 4 to the age of 7 years. At the age of 8, the size of the mastoid air cell system in 17 children with normal tympanometric profiles and in 27 children with pathological tympanometric profiles, indicating secretory otitis, was examined by planimetry. The air cell system was significantly larger in the normal group than in the abnormal group, strongly indicating the validity of the environmental theory of pneumatization. PMID- 6540512 TI - The effect of intrauterine malnutrition on the term infant. A 14-year progressive study. AB - The developmental outcome of 33 newborn infants with clinical intrauterine malnutrition at birth and 13 clinically well nourished infants from a middle to high socio-economic population have been followed from birth to 12-14 years of age. Psychometric studies revealed a lowering of the IQ score in malnourished infants compared to well nourished infants (104 +/- 15 compared to 121 +/- 13, p less than 0.05) and a need for special education (p less than 0.03). Forty-five percent of the malnourished infants' birth weights were above the 10th percentile on the Colorado Intrauterine Growth Grid. The Full Scale IQ of malnourished infants with BW greater and less than 10th percentile on the Colorado Intrauterine Growth Grid were comparable. Malnourished infants with birth weights greater than 10th percentile had lower IQ scores than well nourished infants (101 +/- 13 compared to 121 +/- 13, p less than 0.006). Thirty-nine percent of the infants with handicaps would have been missed if only infants with birth weights less than 10th percentile were considered high risk. PMID- 6540513 TI - Disposition of ethanol and its effect on rectal temperature in morphine dependent, morphine-abstinent and morphine-naive rats. AB - Rats were treated chronically with twice daily injections of morphine hydrochloride in gradually increasing doses from 20 to 200 mg/kg for 22 consecutive days. Rats in a control group were injected with 0.9% NaCl. At 1 hour after the last injection of morphine (dependent state) and at 3 and 16 days after abrupt withdrawal (abstinent state) the animals were injected intraperitoneally with 2.0 g/kg ethanol. Blood ethanol concentrations (tail blood) and rectal temperatures were determined at 30-60 min. intervals for up to 7 hours. The absorption of ethanol was slower in rats treated with morphine and the time taken to reach the end of the blood concentration curve was increased. This implies a slower turnover of ethanol in morphine-dependent and abstinent rats. At 16 days after withdrawal, the blood ethanol profiles were the same as in control rats not exposed to morphine. Injection of morphine (200 mg/kg) intolerant animals caused a pronounced hyperthermia which lasted for about 4 hours. Ethanol treatment rapidly counteracted the rise in body temperature. Morphine abstinent rats showed a hypothermic response to ethanol. The altered disposition of ethanol in acute withdrawal may result from physiological disturbances such as impaired fluid balance, dehydration, altered peripheral blood flow and poor nutritional status. There was no evidence for a faster rate of ethanol metabolism in the hypermetabolic state associated with morphine tolerance and dependence. PMID- 6540514 TI - Prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - One hundred thirty-six patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were followed up for 1 to 17 years. Twenty-one patients had died, 14 of them suddenly, two from heart failure, two from cerebral embolism, and three from noncardiac causes. Life table analysis revealed that sudden death was significantly associated with young age less than 20 years (relative risk [rr] = 8.63, when compared with those greater than 40 years) and with positive Master's single two-step test (rr = 3.55). Heart failure was more frequent in patients with positive Master's single test (rr = 4.27) and with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure greater than 20 mm Hg (rr = 2.58). Atrial fibrillation, observed in 15 patients, was a poor prognostic sign, resulting in five cardiac deaths and seven heart failures. In contrast, prognosis was favorable in patients with apical hypertrophy with giant negative T wave. Thus Japanese patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy showed a prognosis consistent with Western patients, except for excellent outcome of apical hypertrophy. PMID- 6540515 TI - Studies of marginal zinc deprivation in rhesus monkeys. III. Effects on vitamin A metabolism. AB - The relationship between dietary zinc, vitamin A, and retinol-binding protein (RBP) was studied in pregnant rhesus monkeys. Beginning on day 0 of gestation, monkeys were divided into three groups; 1) eight ad libitum-fed controls (AL) fed a diet containing 100 micrograms/g zinc, 2) 15 zinc-deprived (ZD) fed a diet containing 4 micrograms/g zinc, 3) 11 pair-fed controls (PF) fed the 100 micrograms/g control diet in amounts equal to those consumed by ZD animals. ZD monkeys had lower plasma zinc levels than did the AL and PF groups at day 135 of gestation, and at 1 and 3 months gestation. A positive correlation between plasma vitamin A and plasma zinc was observed (r = 0.5150, p less than 0.05) and between RBP and zinc (r = 0.883, p less than 0.001) in the ZD group at day 135 of pregnancy. By 3 months postpartum, plasma zinc levels increased in all groups; a positive correlation between zinc and vitamin A was observed in the ZD group (r = 0.5162, p less than 0.05) and in the PF group (r = 0.6353, p less than 0.05); however, no correlation between zinc and RBP was observed. In ZD monkeys, the ratio of RBP to vitamin A was higher (p less than 0.05) than in controls at day 135 of pregnancy. Polynomial regression of the interaction between plasma vitamin A and zinc, and the RBP/vitamin A and zinc, indicated a curvilinear relationship between plasma zinc and these two parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540516 TI - Paecilomyces javanicus endocarditis of native and prosthetic aortic valve. AB - A 41-year-old diabetic woman developed endocarditis of the aortic valve caused by Paecilomyces javanicus six years after insertion of a porcine mitral valve heterograft. The patient died shortly after aortic valve replacement. Autopsy revealed vegetations of the aortic heterograft, valve ring abscess and ascending aortitis due to Paecilomyces. There was no involvement of the mitral valve heterograft. Lesions due to mycotic emboli were found in the kidneys, spleen, and brain. Cultures of the surgically removed aortic valve and of the kidney at autopsy produced rapid growth of P. javanicus. The gross and microscopic pathologic and cultural characteristics of this organism are described with a review of the literature. Previously reported cases of Paecilomyces endocarditis occurred only in prosthetic heart valves. This is the first known report of P. javanicus endocarditis of a native valve and its prosthetic heart valve heterograft. PMID- 6540517 TI - Subcutaneous hyphomycosis caused by Scytalidium hyalinum. AB - Scytalidium hyalinum is a hyaline species of the genus Scytalidium. It first was described as a cause of skin and nail infection in humans. In this report, the authors describe the first case of subcutaneous hyphomycosis with multiple cyst formation caused by this fungus. The patient is a 54-year old man who has Reiter's syndrome, liver cirrhosis, and coronary artery disease. He was receiving azathioprine and prednisone for arthritis. The pathology, mycology, and clinical course are discussed. PMID- 6540518 TI - Cholescintigraphy in acute acalculous cholecystitis. AB - Acute acalculous cholecystitis is a relatively rare but potentially lethal condition if not treated promptly. Since stones are not present, diagnostic procedures such as ultrasound or other radiological procedures are frequently not helpful. Tc-99m iminodiacetic acid scan results were analyzed in 11 proven cases of acute acalculous cholecystitis. All had positive tests with nonvisualization of the gallbladder giving a sensitivity of 100%. Tc-99m iminodiacetic acid cholescintigraphy is a highly reliable test and is easily performed even in acutely ill patients and should be the test of choice in all patients predisposed to and suspected of acute acalculous cholecystitis. PMID- 6540519 TI - Control of antibiotic-resistant bacteria: memorandum from a WHO meeting. World Health Organization Scientific Working Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. AB - A memorandum based on the report of the World Health Organization Working Group on Antimicrobial Resistance is presented. National and international surveillance of antibiotic resistance is needed for improvement of antibiotic prescribing, for formulation of government policy on antibiotic use in humans and animals, and for encouraging responsible marketing and promotion by antibiotic manufacturers. Surveillance should include sensitivity tests of human pathogens and periodic monitoring of fecal flora of healthy persons. Guidelines for rational antibiotic use in hospitals include basing antibiotic selection on tested or expected sensitivity, using an agent with as narrow a spectrum as possible, choosing appropriate dosage and route, and use of the drug for the shortest possible time. Both therapeutic and prophylactic antibiotic use are addressed in the guidelines. Use of a limited formulary and use of pharmacy records to monitor antibiotic consumption are recommended. Hospital regulation of contact between pharmaceutical industry representatives and physicians is suggested. Areas are identified for bacteriologic, clinical, epidemiologic, and health-services research to improve antibiotic use. Surveillance of bacterial resistance should be coordinated worldwide. National formularies for antibiotics should be developed, and nonphysicians who distribute antibiotics should be trained in their proper use. PMID- 6540520 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia. AB - A fetus at risk for asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia was studied with ultrasound examination at 16, 18, and 23 weeks of pregnancy. Definite shortness of fetal femora was observed. Radiographic and histologic examinations after pregnancy termination confirmed the diagnosis. Asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia appears to be one of an increasing number of skeletal dysplasias that can be diagnosed prenatally with ultrasound. PMID- 6540521 TI - Vascular plasminogen activator levels and thromboembolic disease in patients with gynecologic malignancies. AB - Vascular plasminogen activator levels were measured preoperatively in 66 women with gynecologic malignancies. These levels were compared to levels in a matched control group of 84 women and to the incidence of postoperative venous thromboembolic disease in the patient group. Significantly lower levels of plasminogen activator were measured in patients who developed thrombotic complications (p = 0.0014). When results were stratified according to tumor location, patients with ovarian carcinoma had significantly higher activator levels than those found in control subjects (p = 0.0072), and significantly lower levels were associated with endometrial malignancy (p = 0.0140). Measurement of releasable plasminogen activator before operation may be an effective, noninvasive means of identifying patients potentially at risk for venous thromboembolic disease. Postoperative measurement of plasminogen activator may eventually find a role in monitoring tumor therapy and recurrence. PMID- 6540522 TI - The effect of maternal age, parity, and prenatal care on perinatal outcome in adolescent mothers. AB - Maternal age and prenatal care were found to influence the risk for having a small-for-gestational age infant in white adolescent mothers who had both one and two previous live births. However, poor care exerted a relatively stronger affect than young age for primiparous mothers, while the reverse was found for multiparous mothers. Moreover, for women with first births, there was an interaction between variables in that early prenatal care promoted better pregnancy outcome for younger teenagers than for older teens or adults. These results indicate that the perinatal risks of adolescent pregnancy are affected by both physiologic factors and prenatal care. PMID- 6540524 TI - A family study of anthropometric traits in a Punjabi community: II. An investigation of familial transmission. AB - Path analysis is used to characterize family resemblance for anthropometrics in twins and nuclear families from the Punjabi population of India. Significant positive assortative mating exists with respect to many body measurements, but not for cranial or facial variables. Evidence of a maternal effect for five measurements of bone diameter is reported. Twin resemblance is increased by a component not found in other pairs of relatives for all variables except nasal height, facial length, ear length, and head breadth. Although all variables have significant transmissible components, many have parameter estimates which are not consistent with strictly polygenic inheritance. Some form of cultural transmission is implicated for such variables, especially for those related to fatness levels. PMID- 6540523 TI - The response of the macaque tracheobronchial epithelium to acute ozone injury. A quantitative ultrastructural and autoradiographic study. AB - The tracheal epithelium of a variety of laboratory species is widely used as a model system in studies of epithelial biology and respiratory carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of the tracheal epithelium to cytotoxic injury in a primate species that may have an epithelium more representative of that in man than smaller laboratory species. This study evaluated changes in the light-microscopic, surface, and ultrastructural appearance of the tracheobronchial epithelium of bonnet monkeys exposed for 3 or 7 days to 0.64 ppm ozone. Population densities, epithelial volumetric densities, and thymidine labeling indexes were determined for cells from posterior membranous and anterior cartilaginous trachea and mainstem bronchus. Ozone induced epithelial changes were characterized by decreased numbers of ciliated cells, loss of cilia, and necrosis of ciliated cells. There were alterations in mucous (goblet) cell granules. There was an increase in extracellular space and focal epithelial stratification that was associated with increased numbers of small mucous granule cells and the presence of an epithelial cell type not seen in control animals (intermediate cells). There was an increase in cytoplasmic filaments and desmosomal attachments in basal cells, small mucous granule cells, and intermediate cells. Regional differences in lesion distribution were demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Longitudinal streaks of ciliary loss were evident in posterior membranous trachea, but ciliary loss in the ventral trachea was most prominent over the posterior border of the cartilaginous rings. The thymidine labeling index and numbers of necrotic ciliated cells were greater after 3 days than after 7 days of continuous exposure. Foci of stratification were often associated with increased numbers of labeled nuclei in the suprabasal region of the epithelium. The results of this study suggest that small mucous granule cells and intermediate cells are important participants in the repair of chemically injured airway epithelium; stratification and increased amounts of cytoplasmic filament bundles and desmosomal attachments, rather than being evidence of squamous metaplasia or dysplastic change, might be stereotypic responses of airway epithelium to injury; and the ciliated cell population becomes less susceptible to ozone-induced necrosis with continuing exposure. PMID- 6540525 TI - Are membrane properties essential for the circadian rhythm of Gonyaulax? AB - Membrane properties of whole cells of Gonyaulax polyedra were measured by fluorescence polarization. Circadian changes of fluorescence polarization exist in exponentially growing cultures. They show an amplitude larger than that of stationary cultures, indicating that a part of the change is due to or amplified by an ongoing cell cycle. Measurements of parameters of the circadian glow rhythm were analyzed for possible correlation with the membrane data. Considerable differences (Q10 = 2.5-3.0) in fluorescence polarization were found in cultures kept at different temperatures ranging from 15 to 27.5 degrees C. The free running period length at different temperatures, on the other hand, differed only slightly (Q10 = 0.9-1.1). Stationary cultures showed higher fluorescence polarization compared with growing cultures, whereas the free-running period lengths did not differ in cultures of various densities and growth rates. Temperature steps of different sign changed the fluorescence polarization slightly in different directions. The phase shift of 4-h pulses (-5, -9, +7 degrees C) resulted in maximal phase advances of 4, 6, and 2 h, respectively. The phasing of the phase-response curves was identical in all these experiments, a finding not to be expected if the pulses act via the measured membrane properties. Pulses of drugs that change the fluorescence polarization (e.g., chlorpromazine and lidocaine) did not or only slightly phase-shift the circadian rhythm. PMID- 6540526 TI - Epidermal taurine transport in marine mussels. AB - We examined the structural specificity and kinetic characteristics of epidermal taurine transport in the marine mussels Mytilus edulis and M. californianus. The gill was the primary site of taurine uptake in both species, responsible for 70% of the accumulation of radioactively labeled substrate. Taurine transport was inhibited by short-chain beta-amino acids, including beta-alanine and beta aminobutyric acid (beta-ABA), and by gamma-ABA; alpha-neutral, acidic, and basic amino acids had no effect on this transport. The uptake process was clearly a saturable phenomenon and was adequately described by Michaelis-Menten-type kinetics in both intact animals and isolated preparations of gill. The maximal rates of taurine uptake, expressed per gram of gill tissue, were 8.4 and 3.2 mumol X g-1 X h-1 for M. edulis and M. californianus, respectively. In intact mussels the half-saturation constant for both species ranged from 5 to 8 microM. A mathematical model was developed that describes the epidermal transport of taurine in the gill of the actively pumping mussel. The model takes into account the geometry and pattern of water flow in the gill. Calculations based on this model indicate that because of the convective movement of water through the gill, the actual Michaelis constant of the taurine transporter must be much lower (i.e., 0.5-2.5 microM) than the half-saturation constants determined with intact animals and isolated gills. The model also predicts that the presence of the transporter in the gill can result in a significant reaccumulation of taurine lost from the gill by passive diffusion. We suggest that epidermal taurine transport is involved with maintenance of the high concentrations of this compound commonly associated with gill tissue in mussels. PMID- 6540527 TI - Surgical treatment of giant hemangioma of the liver. AB - During a 5 year period, we treated 5 patients with giant hemangioma of the liver. There were 4 women and 1 man who ranged in age from 34 to 51 years with an average age of 43.8 years. The symptoms were an abdominal mass with Kasabach Merritt syndrome in 2 patients, an uncomfortable sensation in the upper abdomen in two patients, and pain in the right upper quadrant in one patient. All five patients underwent surgical treatment with a successful outcome. Three of the patients underwent hepatic lobectomy, one patient underwent left lateral segmentectomy with ligation of the right hepatic artery, and one patient had ligation of the left hepatic artery with radiation. In two of the patients, Kasabach-Merritt syndrome was cured promptly after hepatic lobectomy. We believe that a symptomatic giant hemangioma within one lobe should be treated by hepatectomy, but if it involves both lobes, ligation of the hepatic artery, with or without radiation, should be considered. PMID- 6540528 TI - [Use of bromocriptine in diseases of the breast]. PMID- 6540529 TI - [Use of parlodel in puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 6540530 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. The case for management without corticosteroids. AB - Acute ITP in children under 13 years of age is generally a benign, self-limited condition with spontaneous recovery occurring within a matter of days or weeks. Our analysis of platelet data indicate no advantage in terms of rate of recovery when steroids are used. In fact, the median of 3 weeks and mean of 3 1/2 weeks from onset to recovery in the nonsteroid-treated children were significantly better than the corresponding figures in the steroid-treated group. In addition, while reducing the risk of intracranial hemorrhage is generally given as the chief therapeutic rationale for using steroids, we have not seen a single case of ICH among 465 consecutive cases of acute ITP in children, the majority (93%) of whom did not receive steroids. On the other hand, adolescents, as adults, with ITP often have the autoimmune (chronic) form of the disease. In this group, corticosteroids may be of at least transient benefit and should be used. PMID- 6540531 TI - Prednisone treatment of acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura of childhood. Advantages. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), an acquired hemorrhagic disorder, is characterized by the abrupt onset of thrombocytopenia despite normal megakaryocytic productivity. An accumulating body of evidence, including the recent demonstration of elevated levels of platelet-associated IgG, points to an immune etiology of acute childhood ITP. Although spontaneous recovery occurs in 80-90% of patients within 4 months of diagnosis, hemorrhagic complications may occur. Considerable evidence exists which suggests the efficacy of corticosteroid use in this disorder. Several clinical studies have shown that steroids may shorten the time to platelet count recovery, thus reducing the time at risk for hemorrhagic complications. The authors conclude with treatment recommendations for childhood ITP which include a brief course of prednisone. PMID- 6540532 TI - Steroid treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. Preliminary results of a randomized cooperative study. AB - Preliminary data from a prospective randomized study of the use of a short course of adrenocorticosteroids in 73 children with ITP demonstrates a significant advantage of moderate dose (60 mg/m2/day p.o. X 21 days) prednisolone therapy in decreasing the duration of severe thrombocytopenia in most patients. The period of risk for serious bleeding, as reflected in the Rumpel-Leede test, was also significantly reduced. The number of children who developed chronic thrombocytopenia, although small in both groups, appeared to be uninfluenced by steroid therapy. No side effects or serious complications were noted in this trial. PMID- 6540533 TI - Variability in different strains of Cladosporium herbarum with special attention to carbohydrates and contents of two important allergens (Ag-32 and Ag-54). AB - Ten different strains of Cladosporium herbarum cultivated and extracted under identical experimental conditions were compared with respect to: 1) carbohydrates quantified by methanolysis and gas-liquid chromatography, 2) contents of two important Cladosporium allergens Ag-32 and Ag-54 estimated by rocket radioimmunoelectrophoresis, 3) protein content determined by the Lowry and Bradford methods, respectively, and 4) allergenic activity as measured by RAST. The allergen extracts contained 45-73% carbohydrate material which mainly consisted of mannose, galactose and glucose. The Ag-54 content increased with increasing mannose and decreasing glucose concentration. No linear correlation between carbohydrate content and allergenic activity was found. The strains differed extensively in immunological composition. One of the strains totally lacked Ag-32 and Ag-54. To be clinically relevant, allergen preparations of C. herbarum should be based on a representative pool of several C. herbarum strains. PMID- 6540534 TI - [Seromucous otitis]. PMID- 6540535 TI - New evidence for monozygotic twins in the mouse: twinning initiated in the late blastocyst can account for mirror image asymmetries. AB - The 11.5-day twin mice reported here support one of the classically described mechanisms for mammalian monozygotic twinning: subdivision of the blastocyst inner cell mass at the stage of proamnion cavitation. This particular method for monozygotic twinning has the attraction of providing a hypothesis for mirror image translocation of asymmetric traits. Monozygotic twins in laboratory rodents at or near parturition have not been identified and only two prior descriptions, for 7.5- and 9.5-day mouse embryos, have been found in the literature. Experimentally induced twins having identical heredity, i.e., clones, would enable study of heritable and environmental regulation of the components of discordance. A set of twin mouse embryos at 11.5 days of gestation within a common yolk sac, and with shared vitelline and allantoic circulations, provides direct evidence that monozygotic twin mice can survive rotation within the common yolk sac and suggests a reasonable probability that they can survive to term. PMID- 6540536 TI - Ejaculatory failure after chemical sympathectomy. PMID- 6540537 TI - Use of spinal anesthesia in patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6540538 TI - Red cell flexibility and platelet aggregation in patients with chronic obstructive vascular disease (COAD) and study of therapeutic approaches. AB - The red blood cell flexibility was studied in the blood of twenty patients with severe peripheral vascular disease and twenty matched controls. Patients exhibited significantly less red cell flexibility than controls. In both groups there was an inverse relationship between age and red cell flexibility. No correlation was found between red cell flexibility and sex or smoking history. Pentoxifylline, a xanthine derivative which inhibits phosphodiesterases and platelet aggregation, was found to increase red cell flexibility. This effect of the drug was greater on red cells with imparied flexibility than on normal cells. Various prostaglandins by contrast were found to decrease red cell flexibility, this could be compensated for by pentoxifylline. Forty patients with COAD were treated intravenously with PgE1. Significant inhibition of platelet aggregation and clinical improvement was noticed. It is suggested that combinations of PgE1 and pentoxifylline should be explored in clinical studies. PMID- 6540539 TI - Studies of the clinical pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy of pentoxifylline in peripheral obstructive arterial disease. AB - Studies were carried out to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on various hemorheological (whole blood, plasma and serum viscosity, erythrocyte filtrability, hematocrit), hemostasiological (blood coagulation and fibrinolysis: euglobulin lysis time, fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1 antitrypsin, antiplasmin; platelet function: beta-thromboglobulin), and hemodynamic factors (limb perfusion: rest and peak flow, time to peak flow; systemic blood pressure, heart rate). In addition, clinical efficacy was monitored in patients with claudication by assessing walking capacity under placebo controlled double blind cross over conditions. The investigations disclosed the positive influence of acute and chronic pentoxifylline administration on hemorheological, hemostasiological and perfusion parameters, most of the changes recorded being statistically significant. The clinical benefit of pentoxifylline (Trental 400) treatment was demonstrated by the significantly superior increase in walking capacity in comparison to placebo in the controlled study. PMID- 6540540 TI - Insensitivity of platelet adenylate cyclase to prostaglandin E1 in patients with hypokalemic diseases. PMID- 6540541 TI - [Effect of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and testosterone on Dipetalonema vitae parasitosis in the castrated female golden hamster Cricetus auratus]. AB - In Dipetalonema viteae filariasis of Cricetus auratus, it seems that the natural estrogenic hormon, the 17 beta-estradiol as well as the progesterone have a part in the protection observed in the females. PMID- 6540542 TI - Submaximal power output in adopted and biological siblings. AB - Submaximal power output was determined in relative steady state on a bicycle ergometer at a heart rate of 150 beats per minute (PWC150). PWC150 was measured in 880 individuals, 9 to 26 years of age, belonging to 46 sibships of adopted sibs, 66 sibships of unrelated individuals including adoptees, 33 sibships of first-degree cousins, 225 sibships of biological sibs, 56 sibships of DZ twins and 54 sibships of MZ twins. PWC150, PWC150/kg of body weight, PWC150/kg lean body mass, PWC150/cm of height and PWC150/m2 of body surface area were submitted to analysis of variance and correlation analysis after statistical control over age and sex of subjects. Few significant resemblances were found in PWC measurements for adoptive siblings, unrelated sibs and cousins. Sibling resemblance was, however, significant for the sibships of biological sibs, and of DZ and MZ twins. Interclass correlations reached significance only in pairs of biological brothers and sisters, and in pairs of DZ and MZ twins. Estimates of total genetic effect in PWC150/kg in a population of free-living children, adolescents and young adults vary from 0.30 to 0.48. It is concluded that submaximal power output is only moderately affected by the genotype. PMID- 6540543 TI - Body size and shape in 46,XX males: an anthropometric investigation. AB - Anthropometric measurements of four 46,XX males are compared with those of their first degree male relatives, control males, and a sample of 47,XXY males. Most dimensions of 46,XX males are smaller than those of normal males. 46,XX males are also shorter and smaller than 47,XXY males. The present results support the earlier suggestion that there is a gene(s) in the Y chromosome with a general size-increasing effect and that the Y chromosome has an active role in the development of sex dimorphism in many body dimensions. These four 46,XX males may possess the Y chromosomal gene which sets the later timing of development in males. PMID- 6540544 TI - The evaluation of heparin in control of metastasis of Nb rat androgen-insensitive prostate carcinoma. AB - The Nb rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model has served as an animal model for testing various chemotherapeutic agents. This model has two tumor types: androgen sensitive and androgen-insensitive. Herein, the androgen-insensitive tumor A.I. II was evaluated in 52 animals, with heparin, heparan, 5-Fu, and cis-platinum for their effects on incidence of metastatic disease. Multiple experiments were previously carried out utilizing this tumor, which consistently has had an incidence of metastatic disease in 40-50% of the animals so implanted. Heparin at both doses and heparan significantly reduced metastasis in this study; however, they were not significant in reducing final tumor volumes as compared to the controls. 5-Fluorouracil at the dose evaluated neither significantly altered tumor volume nor altered metastatic disease. On the other hand, cis-platinum was significantly effective in lowering both metastatic disease and tumor volume (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6540545 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid base composition and taxonomy of Moniliella and allied genera. AB - DNA base compositions of representative (type) strains of Moniliella, Trichosporonoides and Hyalodendron were determined. Within Trichosporonoides over 16% variance was found. Most species separated well, but M. suaveolens showed considerable heterogeneity. The standard 2% G + C differences for species distinction is probably not applicable to these yeasts. The new combination M. pollinis is proposed for M. tomentosa var. pollinis on the basis of slight ecological, morphological and physiological differences, supported by a marked difference in % G + C. PMID- 6540546 TI - Phialophora cyanescens sp. nov. with Phaeosclera-like synanamorph, causing white grain mycetoma in man. AB - The human-pathogenic fungus, Phialophora cyanescens sp. nov. is characterized by the abundant production of chlamydospore-like cell aggregates resembling the form genus Phaeosclera Sigler et al., and by elongate phialides with ellipsoidal conidia. A brown pigment and a blue, acid-labile pigment may be present. PMID- 6540547 TI - Ketone body synthesis from leucine by adipose tissue from different sites in the rat. AB - Leucine is catabolized to ketone bodies in adipose tissue, but the contribution of this output to overall ketone metabolism is not known. The intent of the present study was to determine the capacity of different adipose tissues to synthesize ketone bodies from leucine. The amino acid was readily converted into acetoacetate in epididymal, perirenal, and omental fat tissues. In rats fed ad libitum, the rate of acetoacetate synthesis in omental fat (about 2 mumol g tissue-1h-1) was at least 8 times higher than in epididymal or perirenal fat. In omental fat, the rates of acetoacetate formation from alpha-ketoisocaproic acid were 47-55% lower than from leucine at all concentrations examined. There was no significant synthesis of beta-hydroxybutyrate from leucine or alpha ketoisocaproic acid. After oxidative decarboxylation, a greater proportion (about three-fourths) of leucine in omental fat was metabolized to acetoacetate than to CO2 production through the Krebs cycle. Although addition of glucose, pyruvate, or carnitine did not affect the production of acetoacetate, fasting for 24 h stimulated acetoacetate synthesis from leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproic acid in omental fat. The high rate of leucine conversion to acetoacetate in omental fat was related to high activities of leucine aminotransferase and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. Moreover, protein content and cytochrome c oxidase activity of omental mitochondria were, respectively, 13 and 12 times higher than in epididymal mitochondria. In contrast, fat content of epididymal adipose tissue was 21 times that of omental adipose tissue. Epididymal depot consisted of 2.0% protein and 75.8% fat, whereas omental depot contains 17.2% protein and 3.6% fat, resembling that of liver and muscle. The results suggest that the high ketogenic capacity of omental fat stems in part from an augmented mitochondrial mass and high activity of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. PMID- 6540548 TI - Evidence for a radical mechanism of halogenation of monochlorodimedone catalyzed by chloroperoxidase. AB - A radical species of monochlorodimedone has been characterized by its high reactivity with molecular O2. Horseradish peroxidase greatly accelerated O2 uptake by acidic solutions of this substrate; the enzymatic reaction required exogenous H2O2 only with freshly prepared substrate solutions, and the total substrate oxidized was equal to the sum of H2O2 added and O2 consumed. However, with excess Br- and horseradish peroxidase, or high Br- or Cl- and chloroperoxidase, a 1:1 stoichiometry between H2O2 and substrate was observed. In the absence of halide, the stoichiometry of the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of monochlorodimedone changed to two molecules of the organic donor per H2O2. Moreover, in the absence of halide, at substrate:H2O2 ratios greater than 2.0, chloroperoxidase catalyzed significant O2 uptake; this enzyme-dependent autoxidation of monochlorodimedone also occurred in the presence of Cl- or Br-, when H2O2 was limiting. These data, and recent evidence from this laboratory for free hypohalous acid as the first product of chloroperoxidase-catalyzed halide oxidation [B. W. Griffin (1983) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 116, 873-879], strongly support a mixed enzymatic/nonenzymatic radical chain process as the mechanism for halogenation of monochlorodimedone by chloroperoxidase. Both horseradish peroxidase and chloroperoxidase can catalyze either bromination or oxidation of this substrate, depending on the experimental conditions. Implications of these results for the mechanism of HOCl formation catalyzed by chloroperoxidase are considered. PMID- 6540549 TI - Glucagon and fasting do not activate peroxisomal fatty acid beta-oxidation in rat liver. AB - In a study of the endocrine control of peroxisomes, the effects of acute glucagon treatment and fasting on hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation in rats have been investigated. The activity of the rate-limiting peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme, fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, was measured to determine whether activation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation could account for the increase in total hepatic fatty acid oxidation following acute glucagon exposure. Catalase, a peroxisomal enzyme not directly involved in beta-oxidation, was also measured as a control for total peroxisomal activity. No changes with acute glucagon treatment of intact animals were observed with either activity as measured in liver homogenates or partially purified peroxisomal fractions. These observations indicate the lack of acute control by glucagon of peroxisomal function at the level of total enzyme activity. Previous work on the effects of fasting on hepatic fatty acid beta oxidation [H. Ishii, S. Horie, and T. Suga (1980) J. Biochem. 87, 1855-1858] suggested an enhanced role for the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway during starvation. It was found that the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system, as measured by fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity, does increase with duration of fast when expressed on a per gram wet weight liver basis. However, when this activity is expressed as total liver capacity, a decline in activity with increasing duration of fast is observed. Furthermore, this decline in peroxisomal capacity parallels the decline in total liver capacity for citrate synthase, a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, and total liver protein. These data indicate that peroxisomal beta oxidation activity is neither stimulated nor even preferentially spared from proteolysis during fasting. PMID- 6540550 TI - Hypoplastic optic nerves and pituitary dysfunction. PMID- 6540551 TI - Apicoaortic valved conduits for complex left ventricular outflow obstruction: technical considerations and current status. AB - The surgical considerations, clinical follow-up, and hemodynamic data for 23 patients (age range, 4 months to 80 years) who underwent insertion of a porcinevalved apicoaortic conduit between December, 1976, and June, 1983, are reviewed. All patients had complex forms of left ventricular outflow obstruction. All were symptomatic, and 18 had had 23 prior attempts at surgical relief of the obstruction. There was a total of 6 deaths (26%); 2 were in small children with other complex cardiac malformations, and 2 others in patients who required emergency operation for acute cardiac decompensation. Sixteen patients have had cardiac catheterization 1 to 1.5 years postoperatively, and a reduction in the resting left ventricular-aortic gradient from 91 +/- 30 to 13 +/- 8 mm Hg was demonstrated (p less than 0.001). None of the patients is taking anticoagulants, and no thromboembolic events have occurred. Four of the 17 survivors have undergone a subsequent operation 1.5 to 4.0 years postoperatively with conduit removal, aortoventriculoplasty, and conduit valve replacement in 1, 1, and 2 patients, respectively. These data demonstrate that the apicoaortic conduit is effective in relieving complex left ventricular outflow obstruction and improving left ventricular performance with acceptable long-term results. Increasing the durability of the conduit valve will greatly improve the late results with this technique. PMID- 6540552 TI - [Coronary circulation in asymmetrical hypertrophy of the interventricular septum. On a new pathogenic hypothesis]. AB - Thirty-four patients with left ventricular hypertrophy were studied. In all cases the following parameters were analyzed: 1) Echocardiography:left ventricular diastolic and systolic diameters, ejection fraction, thickness and movement of interventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle (LV) 2) Electrocardiography: R wave voltaje in precordial leads V2, V3 and V5 and electrical axis in frontal plane 3) Catheterization: intracavitary pressures in LV and aortic pressures 4) Left ventriculography: areas of altered contractility 5) Coronariography: distribution pattern of coronary arteries and number of first order branches of circumflex (CA) and anterior descending coronary arteries (ADCA). The population was divided into 2 groups. Group A (GA) was made up of 22 patients with concentric hypertrophy (CH) of the LV (15 with systemic hypertensive heart disease, 6 with aortic valvular stenosis and 1 idiopathic). Echocardiographic findings included posterior wall thickness (PWT) or septal thickness of 1.1. cm or more and interventricular septum-posterior wall thickness ratio (S/PW) of less than 1.3. Group B (GB) included 12 patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), idiopathic in 5, systemic hypertensive heart disease in 4 and aortic valvular stenosis in 3. In these patients the S/PW thickness ratio was greater than 1.3 and the thickness of either wall greater than 1.1. cm. When the data of the two groups were compared there were significant differences in relation to the presence of septal hypertrophy. The R wave voltage in V2, interventricular thickness and S/PW were greater in GB. In addition, septal movement was less in GB than in Group A (0.47 +/- 0.26 cm vs. 0.74 +/- 0.37 cm; P less than 0.05). PWT was also less in Group B than in A (B: 1.01 +/- 0.1 cm, A: 1.2 +/- 0.2 cm; P less than 0.001). The CA in Group B divided into fewer than 4 first order branches to the upper two thirds of the posterior and lateral walls of the LV in 91.6%. This distribution of circumflex branches was found in 31.8% of the patients in Group A (P less than 0.05). In Group B, the ADCA divided into septal branches with no more than 2 diagonal branches. The posterior descending artery dominated septal distribution in 100% of these cases (GA: 31.8%; P less than 0.05). The sum of the first order branches of the CA and the ADCA was 5.6 +/ 0.9 in Group A and 2.7 +/- 0.9 branches in Group B (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6540553 TI - [Phenocopy of trisomy 13, early gestational hyperthermia and folate deficiency]. PMID- 6540554 TI - Relationships among intravaginal pressure, orgasmic function, parity factors, and urinary leakage. AB - Women's ability to contract pelvic musculature voluntarily was related to reports of ability to have orgasm, parity, and urinary leakage problems. Data collected from 92 women presenting for routine pelvic examinations provided no evidence of a general relationship between strength of voluntary pelvic muscle contractions and orgasmic function. There were negative relationships between strength of voluntary pelvic muscle contractions and parity, weight of the largest baby, and a woman's age. PMID- 6540555 TI - [Content of essential amino acids in prematurely weaned piglets after a qualitatively and quantitatively variable protein diet]. AB - A total of 60 piglets of German Landrace weaned at the age of 2 weeks were fed ad libitum with isoenergetic diets of different proteins (casein + dried skim milk, soybean protein + dried skim milk, only soybean protein) and different protein levels in the diet (20, 27, 34, 40% in D.M.). After 4 weeks the piglets were homogenized and examined for their content of essential amino acids in the whole body mass by ion exchange chromatography. On the fresh and dried material the contents of Thr, Val, Ile, Leu, Lys and Ser increased both with higher supply of protein and milk instead of soybean protein in the diet. The contents of Phe and Arg were only insignificantly changed by protein quality. Referred to the concentration of Met and Cys there were found higher standard deviations and interactions between protein supply and quality. The content of essential amino acids also was influenced by the protein quality of the diet, when related to the whole body protein. On the other hand a significant effect of increasing protein supply only took place if soybean protein was the single protein ingredient of the diet. Related to Lys the contents of Thr and Cys nearly were constant, whereas the amino acid/lysine proportion in the case of Met, Ile and Arg changed considerably. PMID- 6540556 TI - The substitution of soybean meal for urea: the effect on the ammonia content of the rumen fluid, the N flow in the duodenum, the nitrogen and energy balances and the milk production. AB - In different experiments, the nutritive value of maize silage associated with urea was compared with that of the same forage associated with soybean meal. The ammonia concentration in the rumen fluid was measured with two dry cows fitted with a permanent rumen cannula. Urea gave rise to much higher NH3 concentrations compared with soybean meal. The duodenal N flow was measured with two dry cows fitted with a re-entrant cannula at 10 cm from the pylorus. Adding increasing amounts of either of the two N supplements to the maize silage showed that they were equivalent with low N intakes. However, clearly more N reached the intestine with soybean meal than with urea when the N intake increased. With 33 cows in the second part of lactation, the substitution of soybean meal for urea decreased the urinary N loss. At the same time, it significantly increased the mammary protein secretion and the milk production. The increase of the dietary metabolizable energy density noted under these feeding conditions corresponded to about two thirds of the increase of the milk production. Milk composition was only slightly affected. PMID- 6540557 TI - [Ultrastructure of human embryonal liposarcoma]. AB - Human embryonal liposarcoma and embryonal fat have been studied histologically, in semithin sections, and electronmicroscopically. Specific ultrastructural features of embryonal liposarcomas allowing them to distinguish from other tumours are as follows: the presence of lipid vacuoles varying in size, number and structure, small mitochondria with dense matrix, specific filamentous apparatus, basal-like material in plasma cell membrane and in the intercellular space cytoplasmic sprouts forming peculiar "pockets" and general cell architectonics. Similarities and differences in the ultrastructure of embryonal liposarcomas and embryonal fat are found. PMID- 6540558 TI - Tick-paralysis toxoid: an effective immunizing agent against the toxin of Ixodes holocyclus. AB - Glutaraldehyde treatment of the toxin of the Australian paralysis tick Ixodes holocyclus produced a potent, immunogenic toxoid. Three subcutaneous injections (2 to 4 weeks apart) into rabbits produced very high antitoxin titres in their serum, although circulating antitoxin titres declined in the absence of stimulation. Twenty weeks later, immunized rabbits were unaffected by lethal doses of toxin injected subcutaneously. PMID- 6540559 TI - Home monitoring for infants at risk of the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - This study evaluates the effectiveness and social implications of home monitoring of 31 infants at risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Thirteen siblings of children dying of SIDS, nine near miss SIDS infants and nine preterm infants with apnoea persisting beyond 40 weeks post conceptual age were monitored from a mean age of 15 days to a mean of 10 months. Chest movement detection monitors were used in 27 and thoracic impedance monitors in four. Genuine apnoeic episodes were reported by 21 families, and 13 infants required resuscitation. Apnoeic episodes occurred in all nine preterm infants but in only five (38%) of the siblings of SIDS (P less than 0.05). Troublesome false alarms were a major problem occurring with 61% of the infants and were more common with the preterm infants than the siblings of SIDS. All but two couples stated that the monitor decreased anxiety and improved their quality of life. Most parents accepted that the social restrictions imposed by the monitor were part of the caring process but four couples were highly resentful of the changes imposed on their lifestyle. The monitors used were far from ideal with malfunction occurring in 17, necessitating replacement in six, repair in six and cessation of monitoring in three. The parents became ingenious in modifying the monitors to their own individual requirements. Although none of these 31 'at risk' infants died the study sample was far too small to conclude whether home monitoring prevented any cases of SIDS. PMID- 6540560 TI - Progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation in a Chinese family. AB - Two children in a Chinese family with progressive dystonia with marked diurnal variation in symptoms are described. Treatment with L-dopa resulted in complete disappearance of symptoms in one patient and marked improvement in the other patient. PMID- 6540561 TI - Effect of apomorphine on retention of a brightness discrimination in dopamine supersensitive rats. AB - Apomorphine is known to improve the retention performance of a brightness discrimination task after post-training intrahippocampal application to rats. The present study shows that the retention performance of dopamine supersensitive rats was improved by a low dose of apomorphine which was still ineffective in control animals. Dopamine supersensitivity by itself had no effect on acquisition and retention parameters of brightness discrimination. The result further supports the assumption that dopamine receptors in rat hippocampus can modulate the formation of memory. PMID- 6540562 TI - Flow cytometric detection of membrane potential changes in murine lymphocytes induced by concanavalin A. AB - The effect of the mitogenic lectin concanavalin A on the membrane potential of murine lymphocytes was investigated by observing the fluorescence of cells stained with carbocyanine and oxonol dyes. We describe a rapid and reliable method for detecting lectin-induced membrane potential changes in individual cells by flow cytometric analysis of oxonol fluorescence. By 10 min after addition of lectin to suspensions of isolated cells from lymph node, 7-15% of the cells have responded by releasing oxonol dye, indicating a membrane hyperpolarization. The dose onset of this response is similar to that for mitogenesis, which was assessed by measuring [3H]thymidine incorporation. The effect is abolished by alpha-methyl mannoside (100mM), which prevents concanavalin A from binding to the cells, but not by fucose (100mM). When cells are treated with lectin in medium from which Ca2+ has been omitted or to which quinine (0.5mM) has been added, a membrane depolarization is observed. Since these are conditions under which activation of plasma membrane Ca2+-dependent K+ channels is prevented, these findings support the view that the early hyperpolarization of these cells is brought about by an increase in intracellular free [Ca2+]. PMID- 6540563 TI - Identification of a 58,000 daltons phosphoprotein with tyrosine protein kinase activity in a murine lymphoma cell line. AB - A very high level of tyrosine protein kinase (TPK) activity has been recently detected in a murine lymphoma, induced by Moloney murine leukemia virus. A major endogenous substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation in vitro is a protein of Mr 55 60,000 (p58) associated with the detergent insoluble matrix of LSTRA cells; in the present work p58 was solubilized, isolated by anion exchange chromatography and then precipitated by antiphosphotyrosine antibodies. Through these steps of isolation, TPK activity was measured by the use of a simplified gastrin phosphorylation assay. It is demonstrated that the TPK activity copurifies with p58, which leads to the conclusion that p58 bears itself the enzymatic activity. Although functionally similar to other enzymes of this group, this newly characterized TPK does not seem to be closely related to one of the previously documented TPK. This suggests either that this protein is the product of a so far unrecognized cellular TPK gene or that it derives from a rearrangement of one of the previously described TPK genes. PMID- 6540565 TI - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-independent toxicity of azathioprine in human lymphoblasts. PMID- 6540564 TI - Interaction of ethanol with acetaminophen metabolism in the baboon. AB - To evaluate the effects of ethanol on acetaminophen metabolism and toxicity, twelve female baboons were studied using three experimental designs. In the first one, animals fed ethanol chronically and their pair-fed controls received acetaminophen intravenously (40 mg/kg), and drug metabolism was studied for 6 hr in blood and urine. Elimination of acetaminophen from plasma was accelerated significantly in baboons fed alcohol chronically, and urinary excretion of mercapturic acid conjugate was increased. In the second, the experiments were repeated with the addition of ethanol infusion (120-160 mg/kg/hr). During ethanol infusion, elimination of acetaminophen from plasma was still accelerated significantly in baboons fed alcohol chronically. In the third experimental design, four pairs of baboons fed an alcohol or an isocaloric control liquid diet received, in addition, acetaminophen (85 mg/kg/day) in their respective liquid diets for 2 weeks. Liver histology was studied before and after acetaminophen feeding; SGPT, SGOT, SGDH, acetaminophen blood levels and acetaminophen urinary metabolites were also assessed. No morphological or functional liver alterations were found after chronic acetaminophen treatment, and urinary excretion of mercapturic acid conjugate was not increased in baboons fed alcohol chronically. Thus, our results in primates confirm that chronic ethanol consumption increases, whereas acute ethanol administration decreases, the excretion of mercapturic acid conjugate. When acute and chronic ethanol administration were combined, the effects tended to cancel each other out. A dose of acetaminophen which maintained blood levels similar to those recommended for humans did not produce deleterious effects in baboons drinking alcohol. PMID- 6540566 TI - [2-(Guanidino)-anilides and related compounds. Synthesis and anthelmintic effect. 3. Anthelmintics]. AB - Anilides bearing a guanidino, thioallophanato, isothioallophanato or amidino group in the ortho position were synthesised (6) for investigations of their anthelmintic effects, and tested against sheep trichostrongylides. The most active anilides are those containing a 5-alkylthio, 5-alkylsulphinyl (alkyl = C3H7, C4H9), 5-phenylthio, 5-phenylsulphinyl or 4-phenylsulphonyloxy group, and a guanidino group substituted at both nitrogen atoms by a methoxycarbonyl group. The most active anthelmintic anilides are the form-, propion-, butyr- and methoxy acetanilides (e.g. 60, 61, 66, 95, 100, 110). Of the guanidines unsubstituted at N' and N", the 2-guanidino-5-phenylthio-2-methoxyacetanilide (123) and the 2 guanidino-5-phenylsulphinyl-2-methoxyacetanilide (152) were more active than parbendazole. From the class of bismethoxycarbonylguanidines (6 alpha), which are also the most interesting products in terms of stability, febantel (110, Rintal) has been introduced into veterinary practice for the treatment of nematode infections in horses, cattle, sheep and swine. PMID- 6540567 TI - Investigation of the antitumor activity of new epoxide derivatives. Part I: s Triazinetrione derivatives. AB - The noteworthy cytostatic activity of triglycidyl-s-triazinetrione and the planned clinical testing of this new active substance induced us to subject this class of substances to closer examination. By chemical reaction of one of the three glycidyl groups present it was possible to introduce wide variations in the properties of the compounds, whilst still retaining the active principle. A number of these substances possessed very high antitumor activity as revealed in the leukemia screening test (P 388; mouse). The influence of other substituents within the glycidyl groups affecting the reactivity of the epoxides groups was also examined. PMID- 6540568 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of sulfinpyrazone and its metabolites in plasma. AB - A specific sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) and five of its metabolites (p-hydroxy-sulfinpyrazone, p-hydroxy-sulfone, sulfone, p-hydroxy sulfide, and sulfide) in plasma is described. The compounds were extracted from plasma, back-extracted, re-extracted and separated on a 10-micron muBondapak C18 column using 10 mmol/l orthophosphoric acid-acetonitrile-ethanol as the mobile phase. Phenylbutazone was used as internal standard, which was totally separated from all other compounds. The lower limit of sensitivity for sulfinpyrazone, sulfone, p-hydroxy-sulfide and sulfide is 30 ng/ml, and 100 ng/ml for p-hydroxy sulfinpyrazone and p-hydroxy-sulfone. Concentrations of sulfinpyrazone between 0.5 and 25 micrograms/ml were measured with an average coefficient of variation of 5.1%. Examples of application of this assay are given. PMID- 6540569 TI - Stability indicating HPLC-method for the determination of econazole nitrate in cream and lotion formulations. AB - A simple, fast HPLC-method for the determination of econazole nitrate in cream (Pevaryl, Pevisone) and lotion formulations (based on polyethylenic oleic glycerides and mono/di-stearic esters of ethylene- and polyethylene glycol) is described. The method is stability indicating as well as linear (range 5-15 mg econazole nitrate/g) and shows a good recovery (98.7-100.2%) and a good reproducibility (cv less than 1%, n = 10). The chromatographic separation is achieved on a RP-18 column using methanol/aqueous ammoniumcarbonate solution/tetrahydrofurane as the mobile phase. Quantification of the chromatograms is done by internal standard method using peak areas. PMID- 6540571 TI - Uptake and metabolism of polyene phosphatidylcholine in rat brain. AB - The rate and mechanism of incorporation of polyene phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine into rat brain have been studied with double labelled substrates administered intravenously. It was found that both substances could be taken up into the brain with transfer velocities of the order: lysophosphatidylcholine much greater than phosphatidylcholine greater than glycerophosphocholine. Similarities between the 3H/14C ratios of the substrates and the brain phosphatidylcholine, together with retention of the label in the original acyl moieties, as demonstrated by phospholipase A2 hydrolysis, gave conclusive proof that both PPC and lysophosphatidylcholine are taken up intact into the brain. PMID- 6540570 TI - Antimycotic activity of some amino acids against dermatophytes. AB - 20 amino acids were assayed at 1% concentration for their toxicity against the mycelial growth of two dermatophytes viz., Microsporum gypseum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. L-Cysteine hydrochloride exhibited absolute toxicity against both the test pathogens while DL-aspartic acid was found active against Microsporum gypseum only. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of L-cysteine hydrochloride was found to be 0.5 and 0.4% against M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes, respectively, at which it showed mycostatic nature. However, the amino acid exhibited mycocidal activity at 0.9 and 0.8% against M. gypseum T. mentagrophytes, respectively. The spectrum of L-cysteine hydrochloride was studied at 1 and 0.5% concentrations against 24 human and animal pathogenic fungi and it was found to possess broad range of activity. The mycotoxicity of amino acid remained unaltered at high temperature, on autoclaving and against high inoculum density. Besides, it showed stronger activity in comparison to four antimycotic drugs viz., griseofulvin, 5-bromosalicyl-4-chloranilidine, acidum undecylenicum and nystatin. PMID- 6540572 TI - Antiarrhythmic effects of stirocainide in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Ventricular arrhythmias, especially ventricular fibrillation, are assumed to be a main cause of sudden death during the first 24 h of acute myocardial infarction. Effective prophylaxis and acute suppression of these life-threatening rhythm disturbances are a major therapeutic problem. The present study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of the new antiarrhythmic compound stirocainide (2-(1 benzylidene)cycloheptenimino-oxyethyl-diisopropylamine -2-butenedionate, Th 494) in suppressing "2nd phase arrhythmias" arising from large anteroseptal myocardial infarctions using a standardized experimental canine preparation. Our results demonstrate that "2nd phase arrhythmias"--i.e. frequent ventricular ectopics, tachycardias, salvos, and R-on-T phenomena--are reduced by 80-90% (sometimes even completely abolished) by stirocainide (dose: 4 mg/kg within 3 min, followed by 300 micrograms/kg X min over a 20-min period). The administration of the drug at the dose used does not produce severe cardiodepression, but intraventricular conduction time is significantly prolonged. Thus, Th 494 is a highly effective antiarrhythmic agent in acute myocardial infarction, and further experimental and clinical investigations on its antiarrhythmic and antifibrillatory properties may lead to beneficial therapeutic results. PMID- 6540573 TI - Cardiovascular actions of the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist nimodipine in the dog. AB - When injected i.v. into anaesthetized, open-chest dogs, isopropyl (2 methoxyethyl)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-3, 5 pyridinedicarboxylate (nimodipine, Bay e 9736) (0.3-10 micrograms/kg) produced an increase in coronary sinus outflow and decreases in mean arterial blood pressure, coronary resistance, arterio-venous oxygen difference and heart rate in a dose dependent manner, but virtually no change in myocardial oxygen consumption. At 3 micrograms/kg i.v. of the drug coronary resistance fell nearly to half the pre drug value, coronary sinus outflow nearly doubled and heart rate decreased by about 10 beats/min. Myocardial oxygen consumption was slightly reduced at 30 micrograms/kg i.v. and atrioventricular (AV) conduction time was slightly increased at 10 and 30 micrograms/kg i.v. of the drugs. When the coronary vascular and cardiac effects of nimodipine were assessed in isolated, blood perfused dog heart preparations, i.e., sinoatrial node, AV node and papillary muscle preparations, by intra-arterial administration, the following was revealed. In nearly twice the dose doubling coronary arterial blood flow, nimodipine produced a 15% decrease in sinus rate and a 15% increase in AV conduction time. However, in reducing the force of contraction of the papillary muscle by half the pre-drug value was needed nearly 17 times the dose of nimodipine doubling coronary arterial blood flow. Suppression of AV conduction by large doses of nimodipine was evident only when it was injected into the artery supplying the AV node but not into the artery supplying the His-Purkinje ventricular system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540574 TI - Experimental myocardial infarction: effects of a lipid peroxide, 13-hydroperoxy linoleic acid on coronary circulation in rats. AB - Effects of 13-hydroperoxy linoleic acid on coronary circulation and vasculature were investigated using an electrocardiographic (ECG) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. After the intra left ventricular injection of 13 hydroperoxy linoleic acid to rats the ischemic ECG changes, i.e., elevations of the ST segment and T wave, were observed with the reduction of systemic blood pressure and heart rate. By the SEM examination, the endothelial injuries were found with the platelet aggregation in the blood flow and the adherence of leukocytes. Thus it was clearly found that 13-hydroperoxy linoleic acid caused the various endothelial injuries and thrombus formation leading to coronary arterial occlusion. These results suggest that lipid peroxide may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases especially in coronary vascular bed and take part in the generation of the severe myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6540575 TI - Comparison of the inotropic effects of some 5 alpha-cardenolides on guinea pig left atria. AB - The inotropic activity of eleven 5 alpha-cardenolides and six 5 beta-cardenolides was determined using guinea pig left atria and the results were compared with published data obtained from cat toxicity studies. The guinea pig atrial studies showed that the configuration of the A/B ring junction did not influence significantly the cardiotonic potency of digitoxigenin and its 5 alpha-epimer, uzarigenin, but was of significance with respect to the influence of substituent groups. Glucosidation decreased the potency of uzarigenin but increased that of digitoxigenin. By contrast, conjugation with rhamnose increased the activity of both uzarigenin and digitoxigenin. Cat toxicity data did not correlate well with that obtained using guinea pig atria, possibly because of the variable influence of pharmacokinetic factors applicable to the cat toxicity studies. PMID- 6540576 TI - Mechanism of smooth muscle relaxation by rociverine. AB - Experiments were carried out in vitro on a new antispasmodic drug, 2 (diethylamino)-1-methylethyl-cis-1-hydroxy[bicyclohexyl] -2-carboxylate (rociverine), to elucidate further the mechanism of its smooth-muscle relaxation. On the furtrethonium contractions of rat jejunum rociverine exerts both a competitive antagonism, about 3000 times less than that of atropine, and a noncompetitive antagonism equal to that of papaverine. Both on rat vas deferens and on rabbit aorta rociverine at low doses slightly potentiates the response to norepinephrine (unrelated to any inhibition of uptakes), whereas at higher doses it depresses the maximum effect, 10 times more on the vas deferens than on the aorta. Against calcium in the same preparations rociverine behaves as a competitive antagonist with 10 times less potency than verapamil on the vas deferens and 300 times less on the aorta. In negative inotropic and chronotropic action on guinea-pig atria rociverine is 300 and 100 times, respectively, less potent than verapamil and in negative inotropic action on KCl-depolarized guinea pig ventricular strips, whose contractility is restored by histamine, it is 70 times less potent than verapamil. In sum, the smooth-muscle relaxant action of rociverine depends on a modest antimuscarinic action and a direct myolytic action, the latter probably being due to an inhibitory action on the transmembrane fluxes of Ca2+. The potency ratio relative to verapamil indicates that the anti-Ca2+ action of rociverine is greater on the visceral smooth muscle than on cardiac and vascular muscle. PMID- 6540577 TI - Distribution of norethisterone and ethinylestradiol in the gravid rat and in the feto-placental unit of rhesus monkeys following intragastric administration of norethisterone acetate in combination with ethinylestradiol. II. Autoradiography. AB - The tissue distribution of 14C- and 3H-radioactivity was studied in pregnant rats and in fetuses of rhesus monkeys after intragastric administration of a combination of 14C-norethisterone acetate (14C-NET-Ac; 1 mg/kg rat, 2 mg/kg rhesus monkey) and of 3H-ethinyl-estradiol (3H-EE2; 2 micrograms/kg rat, 10 micrograms/kg rhesus monkey), respective commercial formulation: Ostro-Primolut, by means of autoradiographic methodology. The results of these present investigations confirm quantitative studies of a low, transitory passage of 14C NET-Ac and 3H-EE2 into the fetuses. Within the fetuses the highest concentrations of 14C-radioactivity were found in the liver, in the vertebra, in heart and brain. No 3H-radioactivity could be observed within the fetuses. The autoradiographic studies do not indicate any specific enrichment of NET-Ac or EE2 and their metabolites in fetal organs and tissues. PMID- 6540578 TI - Studies on the anti-inflammatory activity and ulcerogenic adverse effect of thiazole derivatives, especially 2-amino-thiazoleacetic acid derivatives. AB - A series of derivatives of 4-arylthiazole acetic acid and 2-aminothiazole were studied with respect of their antiinflammatory effect in rat carrageenin edema. Some active compounds were found, which suppressed the paw edema formation strongly, and two compounds were selected, 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2 phenylaminothiazole acetic acid (Compd. 29) and 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2 diethylaminothiazole acetic acid (Compd. 71) for further detailed studies. These compounds (Compd. 29 and Compd. 71) moderately inhibited the denaturation of albumin with heat-treatment. Hyperthermic lysis of erythrocytes were strongly inhibited with both Compds. 29 and 71 in the wide range of concentrations (5 X 10(-5) mol/l-5 X 10(-4) mol/l), while their related compound, Compd. 2 (fentiazac) and the reference drugs, ibuprofen, phenylbutazone and flufenamic acid, were either ineffective or stimulatory at the higher concentration. Compds. 29 and 71 inhibited strongly both trypsin and chymotrypsin activities, which differed from the above reference drugs qualitatively and quantitatively. The adverse effect on the gastrointestinal membrane was less with Compd. 29 and Compd. 71 compared with fentiazac and ibuprofen. Compd. 29 especially gave the preferable results with almost no gastric damage at the higher dosage together with its good anti-edematous activity. The characteristics of Compds. 29 and 71 are discussed in terms of the correlation between anti-inflammatory effect and ulcerogenic effect and also of the clinical application. PMID- 6540579 TI - Plasma levels of opioid analgesics determined by radioreceptor assay. AB - Plasma levels of opioid drugs, Mr 1268 MS (3-(2-methyl-3-furylmethyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6 hexahydro-6 alpha,11 alpha-dimetyl-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol methane sulfonate), Mr 2033 CL ( [2 alpha, 3(S*), 6 alpha, 11 R*]-(+/-)-1,2,3,4,5,6 hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl) methyl]-2,6-methano-3 benzazocin-8-ol hydrochloride), MRZ 2549 BR ( (2-methoxypropyl)-1,2,3,4,5,6 hexahydro-6 alpha, 11 alpha-dimethyl-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol hydrobromide), and pentazocine, have been determined by a radioreceptor assay after enteral and parenteral administration to human volunteers as well as to laboratory animals (monkeys and dogs), using [3H]dihydromorphine as radioligand and freshly prepared membrane homogenates of rat brains. The concentration of parent compound drug has been evaluated after a specific extraction from plasma. The method described presents a universal possibility for the determination of opioid drugs of different structures in plasma and other body fluids. PMID- 6540580 TI - Clinical efficacy of niludipine in the treatment of angina pectoris. AB - Some Ca2+-antagonists are used for the treatment of angina pectoris. In the present study niludipine (Bay a 7168) was assessed in various types of angina pectoris cases. Niludipine, a Ca2+-antagonist of the dihydropyridine derivatives, was administered to 50 patients, 27 with effort angina pectoris, 4 with rest angina, 7 with effort plus rest angina, 4 with variant angina, 8 with angina following myocardial infarction in the doses of 60 mg/day or 120 mg/day for 4 weeks and the changes of subjective symptoms and objective findings were evaluated. Improvement was found by 69.6% for effort angina, by 75% (3/4) for rest angina, and side effects by 6% but mild degree--no facial flash, headache, hypotension were observed. The results suggest that niludipine is a safe antianginal Ca2+-antagonist with broad effectiveness for various types of angina pectoris. PMID- 6540581 TI - [Hypotensive properties of nisoldipine. Comparative study in essential, renal and renovascular hypertension]. AB - Calcium antagonists are increasingly used in the treatment of primary and secondary hypertension. A new substance of this group, isobutyl methyl 1,4 dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridinecarboxylate (nisoldipine, Bay k 5552) inhibits the calcium-induced contraction of arteries and veins in concentrations 5-20 times lower compared to those of nifedipine in vitro. The effect of nisoldipine (10 mg orally) on blood pressure and heart rate in supine and upright position, on serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+) and on serum aldosterone and serum hydrocortisone (cortisol) was comparatively studied in patients with essential hypertension (n = 6, 57 +/- 7 years), in patients with hypertension and chronic renal failure (n = 6, 46 +/- 4 years, serum creatinine 2.1 +/- 0.5 mg/100 ml) and in 6 patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis. In patients with essential hypertension, systolic blood pressure (BP) dropped by 26 mmHg; diastolic BP was lowered by 17 mmHg after 150 min compared to placebo. In patients with chronic renal failure, decrement in BP was 25/16 mmHg (systolic and diastolic BP, respectively). In patients with renal artery stenosis, blood pressure declined by 31/18 mmHg after nisoldipine. Serum electrolytes (Na+, K+ and Ca2+) and serum aldosterone as well as serum hydrocortisone remained unchanged. The hypotensive action of nisoldipine seems to be independent of the type of hypertension. However, the hypotensive activity correlates with the level of the baseline blood pressure. PMID- 6540582 TI - [Bioavailability of metoclopramide in a sustained-release preparation]. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetical behaviour of metoclopramide of Gastronetron retard capsules after a single administration to 8 healthy male volunteers. Determinations of the concentration of metoclopramide in the serum were made up to 24 h p.a. The calculation of the serum concentration curves was based on an open 2-compartment model. It has been proved that already 30 min after oral administration effective serum concentrations could be reached, which are maintained over about 24 h. An approximate value of 71% was obtained for the bioavailability of metoclopramide of Gastronerton retard capsules. The action achieved by the administration of 1 capsule Gastronerton retard per day can be considered equal to that of 3 single administrations of the conventional oral pharmaceutical form. PMID- 6540583 TI - Synthesis and characterization of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-aryl-1,5-benzodiazepines. AB - Four benzodiazepine derivatives, reported earlier by other authors, were resynthesized and characterized by NMR, IR, GC/MS and elemental analysis. Three of the four compounds have melting points different from those initially reported by 35-70 degrees C. The differences in melting point along with the discrepancies in IR spectra between our samples and those previously reported suggest that at least three of the eight compounds reported to be 1,5-benzodiazepines have incorrect structural assignments. PMID- 6540584 TI - [Nemaline myopathy in childhood. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6540585 TI - A comparative study of aggression related changes in brain serotonin in CBA, C57BL, and DBA mice. AB - Spontaneous aggression was induced in 3 strains of male mice (CBA, C57BL, and DBA) by a new technique of socially intermixing them for 14 days and daily measuring the amount of scarring each received. In all strains, serotonin (5-HT) was lower in the ventromedial (VMH) and supraoptic (SO) hypothalamic areas and amygdala in the more aggressive as compared to the controls or less aggressive animals. The correlation coefficients between the amount of physical scarring and brain 5-HT in these areas ranged from 0.50 to 0.91 (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01). Hippocampal (HPC) 5-HT was also lower in the more aggressive animals in CBA mice. Also the most aggressive strain (CBA) tended to have the lowest SO, VMH, and amygdala 5-HT concentration. In all 3 strains the concentration of brain 5-HT from lowest to highest was: frontal cortex less than HPC less than amygdala less than VMH less than SO. The data suggest that there is an inverse relationship between hypothalamic and limbic 5-HT and aggressiveness. Also the data suggest that the technique of intermixing 3 strains of mice successfully induced spontaneous aggression which peaked around 14 days and was reliable and could be quantified. PMID- 6540586 TI - Locomotor and electric displays associated with electrolocation during exploratory behavior in mormyrid fish. AB - In the presence of a novel stimulus such as an aluminum or a plastic rod mormyrid fish (Marcusenius cyprinoides and Gnathonemus petersii) exhibit characteristic motor probing acts (PMAs): 'chin probing', 'radial' and 'lateral va-et-vient', 'lateral probing', 'tangential probing', and 'stationary probing'. During the display of these PMAs the fish maintain characteristic probing distances from the object which were 4.5 cm for the metal and 2.5-3.7 cm for the plastic stimulus. G. petersii with their electric organ rendered inoperative ('silent fish') no longer exhibited 'radial' and 'lateral va-et-vient'. Regardless of the nature of the stimulus the probing distances were shorter in 'silent' fish and ranged from 1.8 to 2.6 cm. During the display of PMAs intact fish changed their variable electric organ discharge rate to a unique and stable, regularized rate, with the interdischarge interval maintained at 28-30 ms. The fish's electric and non electric (motor) probing behavior in the presence of novel objects (and following their removal during phantom PMAs) is discussed in light of theories on exploratory behavior. PMID- 6540587 TI - Modulation of turning preferences by learning. AB - Rats were trained, using water reinforcement, to turn in circles (rotation) during 1 h daily test sessions. Different groups of rats were reinforced for turning either in the same or opposite direction as that elicited previously by D amphetamine. All rats (n = 14) trained in the 'same' direction readily acquired the task whereas only 13 of 33 rats trained in the 'opposite' direction showed evidence of learning. Two days after cessation of training, the effect of D amphetamine was greater in rats trained in the 'same' direction and decreased or reversed in rats successfully trained in the 'opposite' direction - these changes were transient, mostly disappearing a week later. PMID- 6540588 TI - Taste agnosia following gustatory neocortex ablation: dissociation from odor and generality across taste qualities. AB - In Experiment 1, rats trained to avoid drinking in the presence of a compound odor (benzyl acetate) and taste (sucrose) conditional stimulus (CS) lost the taste habit but retained the odor habit following gustatory neocortex (GN) ablation. Conversely, olfactory bulb ablation resulted in loss of the odor habit but retention of the taste habit. In Experiment 2, rats lacking GN did not retain preoperatively instated learned aversions to a suprathreshold quinine hydrochloride (bitter) taste solution which had been employed as a CS. However, rats with GN lesions that were virtually identical to those of the bitter-trained group retained a preoperatively learned aversion to a hydrochloric acid (sour) CS. Experiment 3 demonstrated that reliable agnosia for an acid CS could be produced by lesions that extended more deeply into perirhinal areas near the claustrum at the level of the GN. It is concluded that the agnosia following GN ablation is relatively specific to gustation and that agnosia for preoperatively acquired taste aversion habits occurs for all four basic gustatory stimuli following anterolateral cortex ablations centered on the GN. PMID- 6540589 TI - Sodium depletion enhances salt palatability in rats. AB - Sterotyped fixed action patterns (FAPs) are elicited in rats by oral infusions of taste solutions. These taste-elicited FAPs can be classified as either ingestive or aversive. They reflect the palatability of the taste and can be modified by learning and by the physiological state of the animal. These studies demonstrated that when the physiological state of the rat is altered by sodium depletion, the pattern of FAPs elicited by oral infusions of 0.5 M NaCl shifts from a mixture of ingestive and aversive components (while sodium replete) to exclusively ingestive ones (while sodium deplete). This shift in taste reactivity occurred the first time the rats were made sodium deplete. A similar shift was not observed to accompany infusions of 0.01 M HCl, a taste solution that also elicited mixed ingestive and aversive FAPs. This result suggests that the shift in response to NaCl is not due to a general change in ingestive bias or to a general taste deficit. On the basis of the change in FAPs, it is concluded that the palatability of highly concentrated salt solutions increases in sodium-deplete rats. Such a shift in salt palatability may be instrumental in directing the appetitive behavior of the animal. PMID- 6540590 TI - Effects of naltrexone and signaling inescapable electric shock on nociception and gastric lesions in rats. AB - The antinociceptive effects of signaled shock and its physiological underpinnings were examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1, rats were exposed to one of three shock conditions: no shock, unsignaled shock, and signaled (by a 10-s, 1000 Hz tone) shock. In each condition the rats were tested hourly in the absence of tones for nociception, with vocalization to shock used as the behavioral measure. Rats receiving signaled shocks had stomach ulcer scores intermediate between those of no-shock and unsignaled shock animals. The signaled shock rats also displayed a pronounced vocalization antinociception effect. This suggested that signaled shock may be less aversive. Experiment 2 was designed to investigate a possible role of endogenous opiate peptides in these effects. In Experiment 2, animals received hourly injections of either the opiate antagonist naltrexone (7 mg/kg, ip) or saline. There were no significant effects of naltrexone on either stomach pathology or nociception scores. The same effects of signaled shock were obtained as in Experiment 1. It is concluded that the role of endogenous opiates in the effects of signaled shock seen here is minimal. PMID- 6540591 TI - Effect of lesion location within the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum on maternal and male sexual behaviors in female rats. AB - Lesions of the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH) are known to disrupt both maternal behavior and male sexual behavior in the rat. In order to test the hypothesis that the two behaviors involve different neural systems in the MPOA-AH, small bilateral lesions were made in different anterior posterior locations in the MPOA-AH of maternal-sensitized, testosterone-treated female rats, and the effects of these lesions on maternal and male sexual behaviors were assessed. Lesions centering in the MPOA disrupted maternal behavior (pup retrieval, nest building, and nursing), with anterior MPOA lesions being more effective (on pup retrieval and nest building) than posterior MPOA lesions. Lesions centering in the AH had little or no effect on maternal behavior. By contrast, male sexual behavior (mounting) was strongly disrupted by lesions in either the MPOA or the AH, with lesions in the rostral AH being most effective. PMID- 6540592 TI - Diurnal variation and reproducibility of predischarge submaximal exercise testing after myocardial infarction. AB - Diurnal variation and reproducibility of abnormalities occurring during predischarge postinfarction treadmill exercise testing were investigated in 41 patients. Each patient was exercised using a limited Naughton protocol before 0800 and after 1800 h on two consecutive days. No complications arose. Individual ischaemic abnormalities were poorly reproducible in any patient. No abnormality and no patient showed significant diurnal variation. When the presence of any one of three ischaemic abnormalities (ST segment depression or elevation and angina) was analysed the reproducibility of an ischaemic result in the two morning and the two evening tests was 72% and 95% respectively with no significant difference between the two. The reproducibility of an ischaemic result in all four tests was 66%. The reproducibility of the test for either the presence or absence of an ischaemic result was 71%. No training effect could be shown either for the group as a whole or for any individual patient. There were no appreciable differences in either the heart rates or systolic blood pressures during exercise among those patients with non-reproducible ischaemic test results. Thus it is concluded that an assessment of any one of three ischaemic abnormalities improves the reproducibility of the result of submaximal exercise testing after infarction. Mechanisms other than increased myocardial oxygen consumption related to increased heart rate and systolic blood pressure at submaximal exercise tolerance are needed to explain non-reproducible ischaemic test results. PMID- 6540593 TI - Cardiomyopathy in western Denmark. AB - A retrospective study was carried out to assess the incidence of cardiomyopathy in western Denmark (Jutland and Funen) (population 2 798 000) during a two year period (1980-81). The WHO/ISCF classification was strictly followed, and rigid criteria for exclusion and inclusion of patients were adopted. Thus cases in which specific heart muscle disorders (myocarditis, alcoholic heart disease, hypertension etc) were merely suspected were excluded. Forty one patients had dilated cardiomyopathy (overall incidence 7.3/10(6) population/year) and 20 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (overall incidence 3.6/10(6) population/year). In men aged 40-59 years the occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy was 23.4/10(6) population/year. Only one case of Loffler's endomyocardial disease was diagnosed during the study period. Since the investigation was retrospective and was a study of diseased persons and not a population, and since a specific set of criteria for exclusion and inclusion was rigidly applied, the results represent the minimum frequency of these diseases. PMID- 6540594 TI - Ovarian carcinoma cells in culture: assessment of drug sensitivity by clonogenic assay. AB - Ovarian tumours were cultured by clonogenic assay and drug sensitivity profiles obtained for cis-platinum, adriamycin and phosphoramide mustard. Results were correlated with clinical outcome. Two hundred samples were received from 106 patients and 115/167 with malignant cytology (69%) were cultured successfully. Drug results were obtained on 71 samples and in untreated patients 60% of samples (48% of patients) were markedly sensitive to cis-platinum and 87% of samples (76% of patients) were sensitive to adriamycin. Eighty-one percent of cases sensitive to adriamycin were also sensitive to cis-platinum. Two of 7 samples were sensitive to phosphoramide mustard; the remainder were resistant. Eighty percent of samples from treated patients were resistant in vitro to drugs already received. Seventy-one samples from 57 patients were suitable for drug study. Forty-eight patients received chemotherapy, but only 23 received the drugs tested. Clinical correlations showed that in vitro sensitivity to cis-platinum and adriamycin was related to a good clinical response. No correlations were observed between cis-platinum and adriamycin resistance in vitro and clinical outcome. Unexpected relationships, however, were observed between cis-platinum resistance and failure to respond to other alkylating agents received singly. No such relationship has been demonstrated for adriamycin. PMID- 6540596 TI - The effect of serum calcium levels on the rate of epidermal renewal in the rat. AB - The growth and differentiation of epidermal cells in vitro show a marked dependence on the calcium concentration of the medium. In this study the effect of experimentally produced hyper- and hypocalcaemia on the rat epidermis in vivo has been investigated. Hypercalcaemia, induced by injections of calcium chloride, produced a decrease in epidermal labelling index and some epidermal thinning. On the other hand hypocalcaemia, induced by calcitonin, failed to lead to changes in these measurements. The diurnal variation in epidermal labelling index and serum calcium levels was also measured. Whilst the labelling index decreased considerably over the period 09.00 hours to 18.00 hours, no significant changes were observed in serum calcium. These results suggest that while, under certain circumstances in vivo, the epidermal cell shows the same sensitivity to calcium as it does in vitro, calcium is not a major regulator of epidermopoiesis. PMID- 6540595 TI - Endocrine and clinical consequences of combination tamoxifen-aminoglutethimide in postmenopausal breast cancer. AB - By analogy with combination chemotherapy, endocrine agents with different mechanisms of action have been combined in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer. The clinical use of tamoxifen+aminoglutethimide+hydrocortisone showed no clinical benefit over the individual use of tamoxifen or aminoglutethimide+hydrocortisone. The endocrine changes occurring in postmenopausal patients as a consequence of their treatment with tamoxifen+aminoglutethimide+hydrocortisone have been examined. Suppression of gonadotrophin and oestrogen levels and increased levels of sex hormone binding globulin were observed. These changes might be expected to be of benefit in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, and do not explain the lack of clinical benefit in combining the treatments. Non-responders to this combination therapy had higher levels of oestrone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate whilst on treatment than responders, confirming previous observations in patients treated with aminoglutethimide+hydrocortisone. PMID- 6540597 TI - The radiology of stillbirths and neonatal deaths. AB - Whole body radiographs were made in a consecutive series of 488 infants who were either stillborn or died within the first month of life; autopsies were done in 378. The radiographs were considered to have been useful, or diagnostic in 16% overall, in 100% of infants with dwarfism, in 40% where there were external malformations; and in 9% where there were no external malformations. PMID- 6540598 TI - A rapid method of reconstituting human erythrocyte sugar transport proteins. AB - A rapid reconstitution procedure for human erythrocyte hexose transfer activity is described. The procedure (reverse-phase evaporation) avoids exposure of the isolated proteins to detergent, organic solvent, sonication, or freeze-thaw steps during insertion into synthetic membranes and may be effected within 15 min. The so-formed vesicles are unilamellar structures with a large encapsulated volume, narrow size range, and low passive permeabilities. Contamination by carry-through of endogenous (red cell) lipids is less than 1%. Reconstituted hexose transfer activity was examined by using unfractionated proteins (bands 3, 4.5, and 6) and purified proteins (bands 4.5 and 3). With unfractionated proteins, hexose transport activity is low [0.34 mumol X (mg of protein)-1 X min-1], is inhibited by cytochalasin B, and increases monotonically with protein concentration. Kinetic analysis indicates that Vmax values for both influx and efflux of D glucose are identical. Reconstitution of the cytochalasin B binding protein (band 4.5) results in hexose transport with high specific activity [5 mumol X (mg of protein)-1 X min-1] and symmetry in transfer kinetics. Band 3 proteins also appear to mediate cytochalasin B sensitive D-glucose transport activity. PMID- 6540599 TI - Modulation of membrane fusion by ionotropic and thermotropic phase transitions. AB - We have studied the relationship of ionotropic and thermotropic phase transitions to divalent cation induced fusion of large unilamellar phospholipid vesicles. Fusion was monitored by the Tb/dipicolinic acid fluorescence assay for the intermixing of internal aqueous contents of vesicles. The phase behavior of the membranes was followed by differential scanning calorimetry. (1) Sr2+ and Ba2+ shifted the phase transition temperature (Tc) of bovine brain phosphatidylserine vesicles from 6 to 27 and 31.5 degrees C, respectively. These cations induced vesicle fusion at temperatures above or below the Tc of that cation/phospholipid complex, indicating that an isothermal phase change from the liquid-crystalline to the gel phase is not a requirement for membrane fusion. (2) The temperature dependence of the initial rate of fusion of phosphatidylserine/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (1:1) vesicles in the presence of Ca2+ exhibited a pronounced maximum at 17 degrees C, at the lower part of the broad phase transition endotherm whose Tc was about 25 degrees C; fusion was inhibited completely at 30 degrees C when the membrane was in the liquid crystalline state. These observations suggest that molecular clusters rich in phosphatidylserine, formed when the membrane is in the phase transition region, allow the vesicles to fuse. (3) The fusion of phosphatidylserine/dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (1:1) vesicles, whose Tc was also around 25 degrees C, had a different temperature dependence in that the initial rate increased sharply above the Tc, with a local maximum within the transition region. Phase separation of dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine was induced by Ca2+ but not by Mg2+, although both ions induced fusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540600 TI - Identification of a Na+,K+, Cl--cotransport protein of Mr 34 000 from kidney by photolabeling with [3H]bumethanide. The protein is associated with cytoskeleton components. AB - A polypeptide of Mr 34 000 is photolabeled with [3H]bumethanide after binding of this drug to membranes from the outer renal medulla and irradiation at 345 nm, a wavelength where bumethanide has an absorption maximum. Our data show that the polypeptide of Mr 34 000 is a component of the Na+/K+/Cl--cotransport system. The [3H]bumethanide binding protein is not extracted by concentrations of the nonionic detergent C12E8 that solubilizes 67% of the protein of the membranes including (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. This step increases the capacity for binding of [3H]bumethanide to 681 pmol/mg protein. Extraction of the binding protein requires high ionic strength suggesting that the Na+/K+/Cl--cotransport protein is associated with cytoskeleton components. This association may be important for control of the entry of NaCl into the cytoplasm and for cellular regulation of the rate of active transport of NaCl across the tubule cells in the thick ascending limb of Henles loop. PMID- 6540601 TI - Partial characterization of the glucose transport activity in the Golgi-rich fraction of fat cells. AB - The glucose transport activity solubilized from the basal and plus insulin forms of the Golgi-rich fraction of adipocytes was partially characterized, and the results were compared with those of the activity obtained from the plus insulin form of the plasma membrane-rich fraction. The transport activity was determined in a cell-free, reconstituted, system. Prior to reconstitution, the activities in the three preparations were all (a) stable at 0 degrees C for at least 4 h, but not at 37 degrees C or above; (b) most stable at pH 7-9, and (c) less stable in Tes than in Tris buffer. After reconstitution, the three activities were all (d) stable at 0 degrees C, (e) most active at pH 5.5, (f) mildly stimulated by divalent cations, (g) unaffected by insulin or 1 mM of several SH-blocking agents, (h) inhibited by heavy metal ions, 10-100 mM of monovalent salts, organic solvents, several sugar isomers, and specific sugar-transport inhibitors. The rates of D-glucose uptake by the three liposome preparations were all inhibited more strongly by 2-deoxy-D-glucose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose than by D-glucose. These data indicate that the general properties of the glucose transport activity in the Golgi-rich fraction are similar to those of the activity in the plasma membrane-rich fraction. PMID- 6540602 TI - Molecular species of plant phosphatidylinositol with selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. AB - The molecular species of highly purified phosphatidylinositol from soybeans were determined as an aid in the investigation of the mechanism of their reported selective cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. Unlike the animal phosphatidylinositol, which contains predominantly stearic acid in the sn-1 and arachidonic in the sn-2 position (18:0 20:4), the soybean phosphatidylinositol was found to contain mainly linoleic acid in the sn-2 position and palmitic (16:0 18:2), stearic (18:0 18:2) and linoleic (18:2 18:2) acids in the sn-1 position of its molecular species. PMID- 6540603 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the myocardial resistance of animals with hereditary hypertension and normal arterial pressure to the damaging action of stress]. AB - In normotensive WKY and August rats the 6-hour immobilized stress has been shown to result in decrease of heart muscle extensibility, in depression of developed tension and reduction of myocardial resistance to hypoxic and calcium contractures. This complex does not develope the post-stress disturbances of miocardial function in spontaneously hepertensive rats (SHR) which heart muscle is characterized by reduced adrenoreactivity. The heart adrenoreactivity is supposed to be one of the important factors determining its resistance to stress damage in animals of different strains. PMID- 6540604 TI - [Ethological analysis of monkey behavior in biomedical research]. AB - The importance of ethological analysis of primates behaviour during the medicobiologic research has been shown. The concrete examples of methods of differentiation and registration of behavioral patterns in the models of psychoemotional stress in primates are given. The systemic approach to the study of behaviour allows to determine the behavioral data of the individual state--the composition of functional spheres, the number of elements, the frequency of their appearance, the system of domination-subjection characteristics of the sequences of behavioral acts and to find out their dynamics in different stages of experiment. The comparison of these data with physiologicobiochemical data is necessary to obtain the integral picture of individual reaction to the experimental factors. PMID- 6540605 TI - Stathmokinetic analysis of granulosa cell proliferation in antral follicles of cyclic rats. AB - On Day 1 of the estrous cycle (estrus), most of the largest follicles in the ovaries of rats appear to be healthy. By the following day, however, nearly one third of all antral follicles show clear signs of atresia. The remaining healthy follicles are presumably those which will go on to ovulate. The object of this study was to distinguish between two possibilities: 1) that all of the largest follicles in the ovary on Day 1 subsequently undergo atresia on Day 2, and a new cohort of healthy follicles arises to replace them, or 2) that one single cohort of follicles on Day 1 is the source of both the healthy and atretic follicles seen on Day 2. For this purpose, the rate of granulosa cell proliferation was determined on each day of the 4-day estrous cycle using a metaphase arrest technique. Follicles grew most slowly on Day 4; small follicles (181-646 cells in the largest cross section) had a mitotic index (MI) of 8.1% after a 4-h block. In contrast, on Day 1 granulosa cells were proliferating rapidly; small follicles had an MI of 15.9%. This high rate of cell proliferation was also characteristic of large follicles. Estimated growth rates predict that, in healthy follicles, the number of granulosa cells should have almost doubled in the 24 h between Days 1 and 2. However, while the largest antral follicles in the ovaries on Day 1 had an average of 1064 cells in the largest cross section, the largest healthy follicles on Day 2 had only 1252 cells, rather than the expected 1763 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540606 TI - Studies of the male-originating pheromones involved in the Whitten effect and Bruce effect in mice. AB - Experiments were designed to elucidate the mode of transmission of the male originating pheromones involved in the induction of estrus (the Whitten effect) and in implantation failure (the Bruce effect) in mice. The Whitten effect was induced in unisexually grouped females by exposure to corralled males, and also by corralled males housed within a perforated cage (which prevented physical contact of the females with the male-originating pheromone). The results suggest that the pheromone involved in the Whitten effect is volatile (airborne). Implantation failure occurred in a significantly high proportion of newly inseminated females when they were individually confined in corrals and housed below corralled alien males. By contrast, implantation failure was significantly reduced when corralled females were housed above corralled alien males. The results indicate that the male-originating pheromone involved in the Bruce effect is nonvolatile and acts on the females through contact. It is suggested that the pheromone involved in the Whitten effect is distinct from the one involved in the Bruce effect. PMID- 6540607 TI - [Intracellular Ca2+ transport in the dog myocardium during experimental informational neurosis]. AB - Intracellular calcium transport in the myocardium has been studied in dogs with experimental informational neurosis. It has been shown that in such dogs, the Ca accumulating ability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria was significantly reduced. At the same time the content of endogenous Ca2+ in the intracellular structures under consideration remained unchanged. PMID- 6540608 TI - [Changes in cardiac contractile function in the dynamics of emotional-pain stress]. AB - Emotional painful stress provokes phasic disorders of heart contractile function, the time course of which corresponds to the temporary parameters of the phasic development and to the recovery of the metabolism and structure of the heart. PMID- 6540609 TI - [Phenomenon of post-stress rigidity in the left ventricular myocardium]. AB - The effect of emotional painful stress on myocardial distensibility and contractility was studied on an isolated papillary muscle of the rat left ventricle. The EPS resulted in decreased distensibility and depressed amplitude of papillary muscle contraction. These disturbances are suggested to play the main role in the development of heart insufficiency under stressful situations. PMID- 6540610 TI - [Stimulant of antibody producers isolated from the supernatants of cell cultures of normal human bone marrow and in various diseases]. AB - The biological activity of a stimulant of antibody producers (SAP) isolated from normal human bone marrow was studied and compared with that of a stimulant of antibody producers from the bone marrow of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, and multiple myeloma. The activity of the SAP from human bone marrow in health was similar to that of analogous transmitters from the bone marrow of other species of the mammals and birds. The activity of the SAP in patients with multiple myeloma was elevated, whereas in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia, it was lowered. PMID- 6540611 TI - High-dose intravenous IgG for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults. AB - Sixteen adult patients of mean age 48 years with chronic ITP were studied for platelet response to high-dose (0.4 g/kg body weight per day for five consecutive days) intravenous polyvalent intact IgG in the absence of any concurrent treatment. The platelet count returned to normal values in nine patients, a partial response (rise in the platelet count between 50 and 150 X 10(9)/1) was observed in three cases. One patient refractory to any other treatment went into a sustained remission. In the other responsive patients the response was only transient. Among seven splenectomised patients only three responded to IgG infusions versus nine in the non-splenectomised group. The length of ITP history appeared as a more critical factor for the response to IgG than previous splenectomy. PMID- 6540612 TI - The effect of feeding melatonin during late summer on the onset of the breeding season of sheep. PMID- 6540613 TI - A reinvestigation of the analgesic effects induced by stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter in the rat. I. The production of behavioral side effects together with analgesia. AB - It has been shown that stimulation-produced-analgesia (SPA) in the cat elicited from the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) is obtained from sites located in the ventral part, particularly the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). These data contrast with the numerous studies performed in the rat in which efficient sites seem widely distributed throughout the PAG. These discrepancies led us to reinvestigate SPA from PAG and adjacent structures in the rat. Central stimulation was delivered through bipolar concentric electrodes (one for each animal). Analgesia was evaluated (before and during central stimulation) by measuring the modification in the vocalization threshold induced by electrical tail shocks or by considering the reaction of the animal to pinch. In contrast with the majority of previous studies, these experiments were performed on the totally freely-moving rat. The most striking result was that, in order to obtain analgesia from all regions of the PAG, it was necessary to apply intensities of central stimulation which also triggered other strong behavioral reactions. With intensities of PAG stimulation which did not induce such side effects, very few effective analgesic sites were found (21/129 sites of which 14/83 were strictly located in the PAG). However, it was possible to define two 'pure analgesic regions', both located in the ventral PAG: one centered on the dorsomedial part of the DRN and the other one situated in the ventrolateral PAG. No modification of nociceptive thresholds was observed when stimulating the dorsal and dorsolateral parts of the PAG as well as structures adjacent to these regions; in some rats, an increase in pain reactivity was even noted. When the intensity of central stimulation (applied to the various parts of the PAG) was increased, some stereotyped 'behavioral responses' occurred depending on the location of the stimulation site: motor effects (gnawing, rotation or tremor) in the ventral PAG and aversive effects (flight, jumping and on occasions, distress vocalizations) in the dorsal, dorsolateral PAG and in the ventral region just surrounding the cerebral aqueduct. Under these conditions, analgesia was obtained from practically the entire PAG, the vocalization threshold being increased dramatically on occasions. It must be emphasized that antinociceptive effects associated with other obvious behavioral manifestations (aversive ones) were also obtained from sites located outside the PAG (colliculi and tectum adjacent to the dorsal and dorsolateral PAG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6540614 TI - Correlation of dose-dependent effects of acute amphetamine administration on behavior and local cerebral metabolism in rats. AB - Rates of local cerebral glucose utilization were measured by means of the quantitative autoradiographic 2-[14C]deoxyglucose technique in conscious rats following the acute administration of D-amphetamine (0.2-5.0 mg/kg, i.v.). Changes in locomotor and stereotypic behavior in similarly treated rats were examined as well. Administration of low doses (0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg) of amphetamine resulted in increased locomotor activity, accompanied by elevations in glucose utilization limited mainly to the nucleus accumbens. A moderate dose of D amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) produced locomotion and stereotypic sniffing. Metabolic activity at this dose was increased in the nucleus accumbens, throughout neocortical areas, and in components of the extrapyramidal system. A high dose of amphetamine (5.0 mg/kg) produced stereotypic gnawing and licking and was associated with significant increases in glucose utilization in the extrapyramidal system, most prominently in the subthalamic nucleus. These data demonstrate that the acute administration of D-amphetamine produces effects on local cerebral glucose utilization and on behavior that differ with dose. The results also show a strong coupling between locomotion and the level of metabolic activity in the nucleus accumbens and demonstrate that the different forms of stereotypic behavior elicited by high and moderate doses of amphetamine are correlated with distinct patterns of distribution of local cerebral glucose utilization, indicating mediation by different neuronal circuits. PMID- 6540615 TI - Deoxyglucose uptake and choline acetyltransferase activity in cerebral cortex following lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. AB - The uptake of [3H]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) into various brain regions of rats with unilateral or bilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nBM) was measured. The activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in these brain regions was also determined. Lesions of the nBM caused a significant decrease in cortical ChAT activity but had no effect on 2-DG accumulation. Pentobarbital treatment reduced 2-DG accumulation in all brain areas examined and these reductions were not influenced by the nBM lesions. The results indicate that a decrease in the cholinergic innervation of the cortex does not influence cortical glucose utilization. It appears unlikely, therefore, that the reported decrease in cortical glucose utilization in Alzheimer's disease is related to degeneration of the nBM-cortical cholinergic projection. PMID- 6540616 TI - Role of mesencephalic reticular formation in cholinergic-induced catalepsy and anticholinergic reversal of neuroleptic-induced catalepsy. AB - The present experiments investigate the brain sites involved in the elicitation of catalepsy by cholinergic agonists and neuroleptics. Microinjection of acetylcholine chloride (50 micrograms) in combination with eserine (2.5 micrograms) into the ventral mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) elicited catalepsy. Microinjection of atropine sulfate (5 micrograms) into the same sites reversed the catalepsy of rats treated with haloperidol (1.5 mg/kg) 2 h earlier, but did not reverse morphine-induced (30 mg/kg, 1 h) catalepsy. Haloperidol (25 micrograms) injected into the nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) resulted in catalepsy as severe as that caused by an identical injection into the caudate nucleus. Catalepsy caused by intraNAS haloperidol occurred with a shorter latency than that resulting from intracaudate haloperidol, and was reversed by systemic scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg). On the basis of these results it is suggested that the ventral MRF is a site for the elicitation of catalepsy by cholinergic agonists and for the reversal of neuroleptic-induced catalepsy by anticholinergics, and that neuroleptic-induced catalepsy involves blockade of dopamine receptors in both the NAS and caudate nucleus. PMID- 6540617 TI - Disruption of ongoing maternal responsiveness in rats by central administration of morphine sulfate. AB - The ability of central morphine administration to disrupt established maternal responsiveness in rats was examined. Studies focused on the direct administration of morphine sulfate (M) to the preoptic area (POA), a region known to be involved in the expression of maternal behavior in this species. In the first experiment, crystalline M was administered via bilateral 28 g cannulae to the POA or ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of 31 ovariectomized, estrogen-primed, nulliparous, pup-induced, maternal females. All subjects were tested twice for maternal responsiveness; once after M-filled cannulae and once after blank inserts were lowered into place. Behavioral tests lasted for 1 h after foster young were introduced into the test cage, and retrieval, grouping and crouching responses were recorded. Thirteen of 14 females with cannulae placements in the POA showed disruption of maternal responsiveness following morphine treatment. In contrast, only 4 of 17 females with VMH implants showed some deficit in maternal behavior following opiate administration. Results of a second experiment established that M-filled implants placed in the POA of lactating females were capable of disrupting the responsiveness of nursing females toward their own young. Finally, the specificity of morphine's central effects were examined in a third experiment in which lactating females received bilateral POA infusions of morphine (0.5 microgram, n = 7), dextrorphan (an inactive stereoisomer of an active opioid compound; 1.0 microgram, n = 7) or saline alone (n = 6). Whereas maternal behavior was disrupted in all morphine-treated subjects, infusions of dextrorphan or saline had no effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540618 TI - Pervasive hyperactivity and long-term learning impairments in rats with induced micrencephaly from prenatal exposure to methylazoxymethanol. AB - Pregnant Long-Evans rats were given a single i.p. injection of 30 mg/kg of methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate or saline on day 14 of gestation (vaginal plug = day 0). All litters were reduced to 8 at birth and were reared by their biological dams. Between 49-192 days of age all offspring were examined on open field, figure-8 (at two different ages), and hole-board tests of activity, as well as passive avoidance and Biel water maze tests of learning (also at two different ages). The MAM offspring showed no increase in mortality, but weighed less than controls, a difference that remained relatively constant throughout the experiment. At 204-215 days of age the MAM offspring were confirmed to be micrencephalic, a known effect of this drug at this dose and exposure period. On all tests of activity the MAM offspring were markedly hyperactive. The female progeny also exhibited a pronounced impairment of normal activity habituation patterns. The MAM males, however, showed a marked impairment of passive avoidance performance, while the females did not. At 2 months of age the MAM offspring also showed a pronounced deficit in learning a water maze. This maze deficit had not abated when tested again at 6 months of age. The MAM induced brain and behavioral abnormalities provide a potentially useful animal model of congenital micrencephaly and associated mental retardation. PMID- 6540619 TI - [New findings in cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6540620 TI - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in childhood. AB - Routine morphologic and cytochemical study of the leukemic cells of a 13-month old child did not permit definitive determination of either a lymphoid or a myeloid cell origin. However, ultrastructural cytochemical analysis revealed platelet peroxidase (PPO) reactivity. The malignant cells expressed PPO in both unfixed and fixed preparations. PPO was observed in the perinuclear space and reticulum but not in the Golgi saccules. In a 1% glutaraldehyde, 1% formaldehyde solution known to inhibit PPO but not myeloperoxidase, no reaction product was observed. The demonstration of PPO activity in these undifferentiated cells established their megakaryoblastic lineage. Further studies including DNA flow cytometry confirmed that these cells were megakaryoblasts. This study demonstrates that megakaryoblastic malignancy may occur as an acute leukemia of childhood and emphasizes the value of ultrastructural cytochemistry in cases of acute leukemia which defy routine classification. Abnormalities of chromosome 21 were present in our patient as in four previous cases of megakaryoblastic leukemia in childhood. The nonrandomness of chromosome 21 involvement in this disease should therefore be considered. PMID- 6540621 TI - Functional and morphological characteristics of transplantable rat pituitary tumors established in nude mice. AB - Two strains of transplantable rat pituitary tumors, MtT SA5 and MtT SA6, have been established in female nude mice from a single original pituitary tumor which had spontaneously occurred in a female Wistar rat at 759 days of age. MtT SA5 tumor produces prolactin (PRL), growth hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, and MtT SA6 tumor secretes PRL and growth hormone. Additionally, both tumors induce severe nephropathy and promote pathogenicity of murine hepatitis virus, resulting in hepatic necrosis. Electron micrographs of MtT SA5 and MtT SA6 tumors revealed three and two types of cells, respectively, in reference to secretory granules. The tumors seem to consist of mixed population, each cell secreting each hormone. Since marked adrenal enlargement and relatively low serum corticosterone levels were found in MtT SA5-bearing rats, it is suggested that MtT SA5 tumor secretes adrenocorticotropic hormone and/or its related peptides which induce adrenal hyperplasia with little or no stimulation of corticoid production. In nude mice bearing MtT SA5 tumor, concentrations of growth hormone in serum and tumor tissue were exceedingly higher than those of PRL, while they were in the same magnitude in MtT SA6-bearing nude mice. We also found that PRL levels in serum and tumor tissue of MtT SA5-bearing nude mice were much higher in males than females, although those of MtT SA5-bearing rats were not significantly different in both sexes. PMID- 6540622 TI - Reproduction and sexual development in a freshwater gastrotrich. 2. Kinetics and fine structure of postparthenogenic sperm formation. AB - Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in Lepidodermella squammata are confined to the postparthenogenic phase of the life cycle and coincide with developmental changes in the bilateral female gonads. Male stages are bilateral but asynchronous, in the lateral abdomen anterior to the female gonads. Maximum observed sperm production is two packets per side, or 64 sperm. Sperm formation occurs more rapidly at 27 degrees C than at 20 degrees C (p less than 0.001), requiring as little as 1 day. Two spermatogonial mitotic divisions produce a clone of four primary spermatocytes connected by bridges (stage 1). Centrioles are absent. Development occurs within a cyst. Meiotic divisions produce 16 spermatids (stage 2), each containing a dense, elongate, tapered nucleus. Cytoplasmic membranes enclose one end of the nuclear rod, excluding all other organelles. Completion of this process results in stage 3, a packet of 16 sperm associated with one dense sphere, a modified 'residual body' containing cytoplasmic debris. The residual body then disappears, leaving the sperm packet of stage 4. Each mature sperm is a dense nuclear rod with surrounding membranes, lacking acrosome, mitochondrion, centrioles, and flagellum. Function of sperm has not been demonstrated. The spermatozoa are of a reduced type not previously described. PMID- 6540623 TI - Reproduction and sexual development in a freshwater gastrotrich. 3. Postparthenogenic development of primary oocytes and the X-body. AB - Six small cells are present in each of the bilateral gonads of parthenogenically reproductive Lepidodermella squammata. Early in the extended postparthenogenic phase of the life history, these cells undergo limited proliferation followed by differentiation. Primary oocytes of three types are present 0.3 days after deposition of the final parthenogenic egg: small oocytes with presynaptic nuclei; intermediate oocytes with nuclei containing synaptonemal complexes; and larger oocytes with a germinal vesicle. Oocytes persist without further development at least until day four of the postparthenogenic phase. Older isolated animals may contain and even deposit an enlarged egg, but successful progeny does not result. Oocytes are located at the anterior pole of each of the bilateral gonads, adjacent to developing male tissues producing sperm. More posterior cells in the gonad are initially undifferentiated in the postparthenogenic phase. Dorsal and central cells first show specialization for secretory activity, and by day four contain peripheral layers of RER and central accumulations of polymorphic secretion droplets. The posterior and ventral cells produce secretion droplets that aggregate into an enlarging bilobed structure called the X-body. Two or three cells in each gonad contribute secretions to the X-body, which is intracellular in a secondary syncytium formed by the contributing cells. Functions for the postparthenogenic gametes and for the X-body are not yet demonstrated. PMID- 6540624 TI - Relationships between annulate lamellae and filament bundles in oocytes of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio. AB - Bundles of filaments have been observed in the vitellogenic oocyte of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio; and these filaments illustrate a close spatial and structural relationship to annulate lamellae. The filaments range from 6-8 nm in diameter, and the annulate lamellae may cap both rounded ends of the bundle as well as extend parallel to the surface of the filament bundles. The ends of the filaments can be observed to exhibit an apparent termination in close relation to pore margins of the annulate lamellae, the membrane of the interpore regions of the annulate lamellae, as well as many nearby polyribosomes. The possible functional significance of this unique relationship is discussed in reference to a recent hypothesis regarding the function of annulate lamellae. PMID- 6540625 TI - Substituting an alpha-helix switches the sequence-specific DNA interactions of a repressor. AB - It has been suggested that many DNA-binding proteins use an alpha-helix for specific sequence recognition. We have used amino acid sequence homologies to identify the presumptive DNA-recognition helices in two related proteins whose structures are unknown--the repressor and cro protein of bacteriophage 434. The 434 repressor and cro protein each bind to three similar sites in the rightward phage 434 operator, OR, and they make different contacts in each binding site, as revealed by the chemical probe dimethyl sulfate. We substituted the putative recognition alpha-helix of 434 repressor with the putative recognition alpha helix of 434 cro protein to create a hybrid protein named repressor*. The specific DNA contacts made by repressor* are like those of 434 cro protein. PMID- 6540626 TI - Assembly of transcriptionally active chromatin in Xenopus oocytes requires specific DNA binding factors. AB - Active minichromosomes assembled on injected 5S RNA gene clones are stable in Xenopus oocytes; endogenous 5S DNA specific factor(s) are required for their assembly. When somatic-type and oocyte-type 5S RNA gene clones are coinjected, the somatic genes are assembled into active minichromosomes, while most of the oocyte genes are assembled into inactive ones. The differential 5S RNA gene expression, which mimics that in somatic cells, appears to result from titration of 5S DNA specific factor(s) by the competing somatic 5S DNA, followed by histone mediated assembly of inactive chromatin on the oocyte 5S DNA. Stable minichromosomes are also assembled on a cloned histone H4 gene; again, intragenic DNA rearrangements affect the efficiency of assembly of active chromatin and differential gene expression occurs after coinjection of two or more H4 DNA constructs. We suggest that the H4 DNA molecules also compete for limiting quantities of specific DNA binding factor(s) required for the assembly of active H4 gene chromatin. PMID- 6540628 TI - Synthesis of 3-acylamino-4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-1-sulfoazetidines and related compounds. PMID- 6540627 TI - Theophylline does not reverse DNA replicon initiation inhibition in human cells resistant to alkylating agent-theophylline killing synergism. AB - The human Burkitt's lymphoma cell line BHM fails to show synergistic killing by alkylating agents in the presence of theophylline. Nitrosoureas (BCNU and CNU), a mustard agent (L-phenylalanine mustard), and a platinum coordination complex (cis diamminedichloroplatinum-II) did not show increased cytotoxicity when cells were treated in the presence of theophylline. Despite varying abilities of the drugs to induce DNA damage in BHM cells (no DNA interstrand cross-linking with nitrosoureas or platinum and significant interstrand cross-linking following L PAM treatment) theophylline did not alter the pattern of DNA damage. DNA interstrand cross-linking following treatment by L-PAM with theophylline was slightly decreased from that seen with L-PAM alone. All three drugs induced DNA replicon initiation inhibition in BHM cells as measured both by alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation and pH step alkaline elution. As opposed to cell lines where methylxanthines increase alkylating agent cytotoxicity, theophylline and caffeine failed to reverse the drug-induced replicon initiation inhibition seen in BHM cells. These findings support the hypothesis that the synergistic killing seen in some cell lines with alkylating agents and methylxanthines is due to the reversal of replicon initiation inhibition by the methylxanthines. PMID- 6540629 TI - Effects of soyasaponin on experimental disseminated intravascular coagulation. I. PMID- 6540630 TI - High-dose adriamycin (ADM) and cis-platinum (DDP) in advanced soft-tissue sarcomas and invasive thymomas. A pilot study. AB - Eighteen previously untreated patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) and two patients with locally invasive thymoma were treated with a combination of adriamycin (ADM) 80 mg/m2 on day 1 and cis-platinum (DDP) 120 mg/m2 on day 1. The regimen was repeated at 4-weeks intervals. In STS the overall remission rate was 44%, with 21% complete remissions. The overall survival was 15 months (3-35+), responders surviving a median of 20 months (3 35+) and nonresponders, a median of 9 months (3-20+). Tumor responses lasted a median of 8 months (3-35+). Two patients with liposarcoma have now survived disease-free for at least 2 years and are potentially cured. The two patients with thymoma experienced complete remission lasting 4+ and 20+ months. Substantial hematologic toxicity was prominent, due to the high-doses used in this combination regimen. PMID- 6540631 TI - Sodium thiosulfate inhibits cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) activity. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (DDP) toxicity by its antidote sodium thiosulfate (STS), we studied the effects of STS on plasma concentrations of platinum (Pt) in vivo, binding of Pt to serum protein in vitro, and uptake of Pt by bacterial cells (E. coli, WP 2 uvrA strain) or cultured mouse tumor cells (FM3A) in vitro. STS did not significantly affect either plasma levels of total Pt or non-protein-bound Pt in vivo, but did inhibit binding of Pt to serum protein and cellular uptake of Pt in vitro. These results suggest that when DDP is given in combination with STS in vivo, the binding to macromolecules and entry of DDP into the cells are prevented due to formation of the Pt-thiosulfate complex in the extracellular fluid. PMID- 6540632 TI - Mutagenicity of smoke condensate of bidi--an indigenous cigarette of India. AB - The possible mutagenicity of bidi smoke condensate (BSC), an indigenous form of an Indian cigarette has been studied using three short-term test systems. It was seen that BSC caused frame-shift mutations in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98 and TA 1538 and required metabolic activation. In the mammalian test systems, BSC induced 8 azaguanine resistant mutations in V79 Chinese hamster cells in the presence of S9 mixture and induced elevated frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes in the bone marrow of Swiss mice. PMID- 6540633 TI - Altered distribution profiles of endoplasmic reticulum subfractions after incubation of Krebs II ascites cells with different concentrations of cytochalasin B. AB - Information on the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes and components of the skeletal network of the cell was gained by treating cells with the antimicrofilament agent cytochalasin B prior to cell disruption by nitrogen cavitation. Treatment of Krebs II ascites cells with cytochalasin B (5-10 micrograms ml-1) resulted in an increased yield of three ER membrane subfractions -heavy rough (HR), light rough (LR) and smooth (S) membranes, as judged by 3H choline incorporation in gradient fractions following discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The major increase was observed in the HR fraction. These results indicate that the actual yield of the respective ER membrane subfractions after cell disruption is dependent on the degree of direct and/or indirect interaction between individual ER membranes and actin containing filaments of the cytoskeleton in the intact cell. PMID- 6540634 TI - Diurnal prolactin changes in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Eight adult male patients suffering from hydrocephalus of differing aetiologies were investigated in order to detect the existence of diurnal variations of prolactin (PRL) concentration in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Blood and ventricular CSF samples were taken every 2 h during the day (0800-2200 h) and every hour during the night (2300-0700 h). CSF mean PRL levels showed significant nyctohemeral variations with low levels (2.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) during day-time and higher levels at night (3.3 +/- 0.1 ng/ml), similar to that observed in serum (PRL values: 16.4 +/- 5.2 and 24.8 +/- 4.3 ng/ml during day and night periods respectively). The presence of a 24 h CSF PRL secretory profile similar to that in serum was shown in six patients with normal 24 h mean PRL values and normal diurnal changes in serum. In two patients with an altered serum 24 h secretory pattern no significant nyctohemeral variations in CSF PRL levels were found. Present data show the existence in man of nyctohemeral variations in CSF PRL content related to the 24 h changes of PRL levels in serum. PMID- 6540636 TI - [Comparison of diurnal fluctuations between serum myoglobin level and creatine kinase activities in neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 6540635 TI - Dizziness in childhood. AB - Dizziness in childhood is not an infrequent symptom. Accurate history taking and close co-operation between otologist, paediatrician and neurologist are necessary in the approach to the dizzy child. Most cases of childhood dizziness settle in time and investigations should be carefully selected; those with severe and persistent dizziness or ataxia should be thoroughly investigated including: EEG, ENG, calorics and CT scan. The conditions causing dizziness in children are discussed and are illustrated with case histories from our series of 27 children. Dizziness of unknown aetiology, serous otitis media and benign paroxysmal vertigo were the most common diagnostic labels applied to our patients. Treatment is rarely necessary but dimenhydrinate or a labyrinthine sedative in those with troublesome vertigo, or the adjustment of the medical regime in those epileptics on phenytoin, may be beneficial. Surgical intervention is only required in those with an operable lesion. PMID- 6540637 TI - Use of glucagon in cholescintigraphy. AB - A case is presented in which intravenous administration of glucagon, presumably by relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, facilitated the transit of a hepatobiliary radiopharmaceutical from the gallbladder into the bowel. This approach is likely more feasible than food intake and at least theoretically safer than cholecystokinin administration. Further studies are needed to assess the actual usefulness of this intervention. PMID- 6540638 TI - Hepatic adenoma. Demonstration of discordant uptake with Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m DISIDA. PMID- 6540639 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor: sodium transport in human erythrocytes. AB - The effect of partially purified rate atrial natriuretic factor on sodium efflux from sodium-loaded human erythrocytes was studied. High molecular weight (10 000 30 000) and low molecular weight (3000-10 000) fractions of atrial extract were prepared by gel filtration; they had natriuretic activity in rats. Neither fraction affected sodium efflux in erythrocytes. The results suggest that atrial natriuretic factor acts in the kidney by mechanisms other than through inhibition of the Na+-K+ exchange pump or the Na+-K+ cotransport system. PMID- 6540640 TI - Circadian rhythms of serum thyrotrophin and body temperature in euthyroid individuals and their responses to warming. AB - The diurnal rhythms of body temperature and serum thyrotrophin (TSH) levels in euthyroid individuals behaved inversely to one another. An artificially induced rise in the body temperature of these individuals was accompanied by a fall in serum thyrotrophin levels, the amplitudes of their respective rhythms decreasing simultaneously. There was a marked correlation between the degrees of change in body temperature and circulating thyrotrophin levels respectively during warming. In normal subjects manipulation of the diurnal rhythm of body temperature brings about inverse alterations in the thyrotrophin rhythm. PMID- 6540641 TI - PMS: the total picture. PMID- 6540642 TI - Interstitial colloid osmotic and hydrostatic pressures in human subcutaneous tissue during early stages of heart failure. AB - Subcutaneous oedema is a common finding in heart failure. However, some patients have reduced cardiac pump function without oedema. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local mechanisms in subcutaneous tissue contribute to oedema prevention. A reduction in interstitial colloid osmotic pressure (pii) and a rise in interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (Pi) will both counteract a rise in capillary filtration caused by heart failure. Cardiac catheterization was done in 22 angina pectoris patients without visible oedema. Two days later pii was measured with a wick method and Pi was measured with a wick-in-needle method. Both parameters were measured in subcutaneous tissue on thorax at heart level and on the ankle. Plasma volume was determined by 125I-albumin and extracellular volume measured with 35SO4. Parameters of cardiac pump function ranged from normal to clearly pathological values. Mean pii was 13.0 mmHg on thorax and 8.3 mmHg on the ankle. Pi averaged -2.1 mmHg on thorax and -1.5 mmHg on the ankle. Statistically significant (P less than 0.05) correlations were found between pii on thorax and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (rs -0.40) and pii on thorax and cardiac index (rs 0.42). Pi was positively correlated to right atrial pressure (rs 0.50). Body fluid volumes were normal or moderately reduced. The study shows that a reduction in cardiac pump function is associated with a reduction in pii and a rise in Pi. These changes may help to prevent oedema formation in the early stages of heart failure. PMID- 6540643 TI - Subcutaneous measurements of 133Xe disappearance with portable CdTe(Cl) detectors: elimination of interference from combined convection and diffusion. AB - Portable, solid state, cadmium telluride [CdTe(C1)] detectors were used for measurements of 133Xe-disappearance rate constants as a measure of subcutaneous (s.c.) blood flow. To eliminate the disturbance on the measurements from combined local convection and diffusion of xenon in the s.c. tissue, two methods were demonstrated to be feasible in both control persons and anaesthetized rabbits. A small volume (50-80 microliters) was injected into the s.c. tissue at a depth of 5 mm and the CdTe(C1) detector elevated 20 mm above the skin surface. In this situation identical disappearance rate constants were recorded by the CdTe(C1) detector and the NaI(T1) reference detector at 15-20 cm from the depot. Similiar results were obtained when either a large volume (greater than or equal to 800 microliters of Xe in humans) was injected into the s.c. tissue or the labelling was performed with a smaller volume in an atraumatic uniform manner to obtain a constant Xe concentration exceeding the field of view of the CdTe(C1) detector, which in these cases was attached directly to the skin surface. The coefficients of variation (CV) of the disappearance rate constants measured by the CdTe(C1) detector were 9% and 11%, and these values did not differ significantly from each other (P greater than 0.2), or from CV-values calculated from measurements with NaI(T1) detectors. PMID- 6540644 TI - Forefoot capillary filtration rate measured during lowering in normal subjects and in patients with occlusive arterial disease before and after arterial reconstruction. AB - Capillary filtration rate (CFR) was measured by a mercury-in-silastic strain gauge around the forefoot when the forefoot was lowered 40 cm below heart level. In seven normal limbs, CFR was 0.061 (0.049-0.086) ml (100 g min)-1 against 0.049 (0.016-0.071) ml (100 g min)-1 in 24 limbs with occlusive arterial disease (P = 0.01). About 8 days after arterial reconstruction CFR decreased to 0.039 (0.018 0.071) ml (100 g min)-1, but before 3 months after reconstruction CFR increased to normal values 0.061 (0.037-0.071) ml (100 g min)-1. The explanation offered for the reduced CFR before and immediately after arterial reconstruction is temporary thrombosis in the smallest distributing arteries and in the arterioles resulting in heterogeneous flow distribution and decreased fluid filtration in poorly perfused segments of the capillary bed. The results speak against increased capillary filtration as the aetiology of the post-reconstructive oedema. PMID- 6540645 TI - Impedance pneumography for long-term monitoring of respiration during sleep in adult males. AB - Impedance pneumography is based on the relationship between respired volume (delta V) and changes of transthoracic impedance (delta/Z/) during breathing. The impedance signal, the relationship between delta V and delta/Z/ and the success rate during long-term recording was studied in 11 healthy adult males, aged 21 46, by a portable tape recorder (Oxford Medilog 4-24). The signals from the tape recorder (delta/Z/), and from a spirometer (delta V) were recorded simultaneously on a mingograph during normal breathing, apnoea, deep sighs, and coughs. The relationship between delta V and delta/Z/ was also analysed on an X-Y recorder. Delta/Z/ was delayed in relation to delta V and during one respiratory cycle the relationship was not linear. The time constant of delta/Z/ was 6 s. A significant correlation was found between peak values of delta V and delta/Z/ for 0 less than delta V less than 2.5 litres. Long-term recording of delta/Z/ during one night's sleep resulted in a success rate of 63-100%, mean 90%. Invalidation of the impedance signal was caused by overloading (81%) and interference (19%). It is concluded that the Medilog respiratory recorder enables determination of respiratory frequency, periods of apnoea and a semiquantitative estimate of volume, but artifacts may invalidate the signal. PMID- 6540646 TI - Total body bone mineral in vivo by dual photon absorptiometry. I. Measurement procedures. AB - A dual photon scanner using a 1 Ci 153Gd source, a NaI detector, traditional electronics and a desktop computer, was constructed. Software for the computation of the total body bone mineral (TBBM) was developed. Non-linear influences such as deadtime due to high count rates, patient scatter and Compton effects were investigated and correction algorithms were introduced in order to obtain exponential attenuation. System precision was measured on a bone-aluminium standard (CV = 2.6%) and system linearity was assessed on aluminium pieces (r = 0.999, SEE = 3.0%). Short-term precision in vivo was tested on 15 healthy subjects scanned twice with a 2-month interval (CV = 2.4%). Long-term reproducibility in vivo was tested on two healthy subjects scanned eight times with 1-month intervals (CV = 1.9% and 3.2%). The influence of patient orientation was investigated on two skeletons. No significant difference was found between anatomical and random orientation. It was concluded that the precision errors were small, therefore making the method applicable not only in cross-sectional studies but also in longitudinal studies designed to investigate the loss or gain of total bone mass in patients suffering from calcium metabolic disorders. PMID- 6540648 TI - Syllogistic inference. PMID- 6540647 TI - Total body bone mineral in vivo by dual photon absorptiometry. II. Accuracy. AB - We investigated the accuracy of total body mineral (TBBM) measured by dual photon absorptiometry (1 Ci 153Gd source, 44 and 100 KeV) using skeletons, soft tissue equivalent materials and whole cadaver extremities. The accuracy was assessed on five skeletons (r = 0.99, SEE = 1.5%). The influence of the soft tissue composition on the TBBM measurement was investigated in the same five skeletons. They were scanned in a 16 cm thickness of ethanol solutions of different concentration (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100% ethanol) and only a 2% difference (non significant) was found between measuring 100% ethanol and 100% water. Furthermore, seven whole cadaver extremities were scanned before and after removal of the soft tissues (r = 0.995, SEE = 6.3%). The slope was not different from one and the intercept not different from zero. Equipment at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, and at Glostrup Hospital, Denmark, was compared by measuring the same healthy subjects and skeletons on both scanners. The Glostrup and Madison TBBM values correlated well (r = 0.99, SEE = 5.8%) and the intercept (345 Glostrup arbitrary units) was not significantly different from zero (P greater than 0.05). The TBBM results were calibrated into total body calcium (TBCa) and no significant difference was found between Glostrup and Madison TBCa values (P greater than 0.20). PMID- 6540649 TI - Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempt on President Reagan. PMID- 6540650 TI - Vivid memories. PMID- 6540651 TI - On the importance of identifying the correct 'problem space'. PMID- 6540652 TI - Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins. PMID- 6540653 TI - A comparative study of the histones isolated from sperm of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger. AB - The five main histones were isolated from mature sperm of the sea urchin Tetrapygus niger. The electrophoretic mobility and amino acid composition of these proteins were compared with data from the literature on histones from sperms of other species of sea urchins. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that H1, H2A, H2B and H3 migrate as a single protein; but different from other species, H4 was resolved into two variants. The amino acid composition of the nucleosomal core histones differed markedly from the analogous fractions of other species; the most important of these differences are a lower content in lysine and arginine and a higher amount of glutamic acid and serine residues. In contrast with the nucleosomal core histones, sperm H1 histone is highly conserved among the different species of sea urchins, suggesting that this histone might be involved in the maintenance of the higher order structure of sperm chromatin. PMID- 6540654 TI - Candida tropicalis endocarditis in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6540655 TI - [Fischer's fetal heart rate monitoring scoring system--clinical analysis of 300 fetal heart rate tracings]. PMID- 6540656 TI - [Coulometric microtitration of arsenic in crab eggs]. PMID- 6540657 TI - [Direct vision internal urethrotomy in the treatment of complete traumatic urethral obstruction and stricture: report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6540658 TI - Procidentia in identical twins. Report of cases and analysis of treatment options. AB - Within a six-week interval, adult identical twin brothers presented with third degree complete rectal prolapse. Since no other predisposing factors were evident, contribution of an inherited predisposition is implied. Evaluation of alternatives supports use of presacral rectal mobilization with subtotal anterior resection and reanastamosis of sigmoid colon and rectum as the curative procedure. PMID- 6540659 TI - [The X chromosome and language disability in males]. PMID- 6540660 TI - [Allergic alveolitis in a mushroom-farm worker]. PMID- 6540661 TI - Management of non-neoplastic stenoses of the GI-tract--a further indication for Nd-YAG laser application. AB - Four non-tumoral stenoses - 2 peptic in the esophagus, and 2 postoperative in the rectosigmoid colon - have been successfully treated with Nd YAG laser without any complications. This new therapeutic technique represents a new approach to curative management and is basically capable of replacing surgical treatment. PMID- 6540662 TI - Women are not from Lilliput or Bedlam. PMID- 6540663 TI - Cardiovascular responses to heat stress and blood volume displacements during exercise in man. AB - Subjects exercised in the upright position at approximately 50% of maximal oxygen consumption in four situations: in 25 degrees C air, in 45 degrees C air [mean skin temperature (Tsk) 35 degrees C], in 35 degrees C water immersed to the level of the xiphoid process, and finally wearing a suit perfused with 35 degrees C water. The water immersion prevented gravitational shifts of blood volume to the legs. In this situation the forearm blood flow (FBF) rose continually with increasing core temperature (Tes) in contrast to the attenuation in rise above 38 degrees C Tes in 45 degrees C air. The differences were significant above 38.6 degrees C Tes in experiments in eight subjects. The effects of immersion on cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) were studied in five of the subjects in relation to Tes, since the rate of rise of Tes was different in the four situations. CO and SV tended to be higher during both rest and exercise in the water than in the other three conditions, while HR rose in the same manner with increasing core temperature, except that it was lower in 25 degrees C air, where Tsk was lower. Thus, the prevention of hydrostatic shifts of peripheral venous volume permitted the maintenance of a higher SV and peripheral blood flow, and enhanced the ability of the circulation to deal with the combined exercise and heat stress. PMID- 6540664 TI - Performance and circadian rhythms. AB - Physiological studies frequently neglect effects due to individual differences, thus inflating the error variance term. Psychological determinants of endogenous arousal are examined in association with somatic functioning and circadian rhythms. Frontalis EMG and heart rate did not appear to display clear phasic circadian rhythms. The subjective perception of activation displayed a cubic trend, independent of sex, exhibiting two peaks, at 08.00-11.00 and 17.00-20.00. Peak performance on a choice reaction time task depended very much on whether it was executed in a free response or experimenter determined tempo condition, indicating the importance of stipulating the task demand characteristics. There was a certain stability in extraverts (cortically less aroused) across periods throughout the day with respect to physiological measures; the same was not true for introverts, who exhibited a complex interaction with time of day - stable introverts possessing higher cardiac rates than unstables in the earlier part of the day, the position reversing itself in the late evening. Personality variables can exercise moderating influences on physiological activity associated with performance. PMID- 6540665 TI - The growth of lung volumes affected by physical performance capacity in boys and girls during childhood and adolescence. AB - The paper concerns a longitudinal study of the relationship between growth in lung functions in terms of forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and the development of maximal aerobic power during the age span from 8-18 years of age. The growth curves of anatomical dimensions for boys and girls were similar to those previously established for Northern European children. The growth in lung volume ended later than the growth in body height. It was found that the growth in lung volume was entirely due to growth in body dimensions, with no additional effect of changes in the development of physical performance capacity. PMID- 6540667 TI - Biomechanical characteristics of human ankle-joint muscles. AB - Equivalent biomechanical characteristics of human ankle-joint muscles have been determined by impact and vibration tests. The estimate of the stiffness and damping coefficients has yielded, respectively, (2.67 +/- 0.48) X 10(4) N X m-1 and (811.58 +/- 201.3) N X s X m-1 by impact actions, n = 126; (1.49 +/- 0.35) X 10(4) N X m-1 and (430.1 +/- 36.1) N X s X m-1 -by vibration actions, n = 7. The characteristics of the ankle-joint muscles of subjects representing different kinds of sports have proved to be different. PMID- 6540666 TI - Circulo-respiratory responses to different muscular exercises. AB - Six muscular exercises, i.e., pedalling sitting (PS), cranking sitting (CS), pedalling and cranking (PCC), cranking standing (CST), pedalling reclining (PR), and pedalling with back support (PBS) were compared to see the relationship between work patterns and bodily reactions. Five young males volunteered in the study. CST, CS, PR, PS, and PBS yielded 76, 72, 72, 87, and 97% of Vo2 max (PCC) respectively. Power output in arm work was about 70% of leg work. The ratio of VE/Vo2 in PS and PCC varied only between 22-24, while in CST, CS, PR, and PBS the ventilation equivalent decreased with the severity of exercise. At 40% Vo2 max (CST, CS, PR, and PBS) and 70% Vo2 max (CST, PR, and PS) the heart rates were about 145 beats X min-1 and 155 beats X min-1 respectively. Blood pressure was less in arm work than in leg work. PCC had a compensatory mechanism in lowering systolic blood pressure. At Vo2 max (PBS), the O2 debt was 8.911, and 3.96 and 6.48 l respectively at 40 and 70% Vo2 max (PBS); next highest values were observed in PR and CS, indicating inclusion of more isometric work component in CS, PR, and PBS. Slow component of the recovery Vo2 contributed largely to the total O2 debt. The net mechanical efficiency in most exercises ranged within 14 21%. At 40% Vo2 max the efficiency was high followed by a fall at 70% Vo2 max and again at Vo2 max a marginal improvement in efficiency was noted. Arm and leg work were better performed in upright sitting posture. PCC was beneficial to improve Vo2 max and to balance the physiological reactions. PMID- 6540668 TI - Iowa anatomical position system. A method of assessing posture. AB - A computerized method for assessing standing posture was described and evaluated. As experimentally determined, the precision of the method was to the nearest millimeter. The accuracy (measurement error) of the system was 1.0% for the X direction, 3% for the Y direction, and 2.6% for the Z direction. Using 32 subjects the intraday and interday reliability was good. The validity of the method was satisfactory for acquiring measurements of the spinal column. PMID- 6540670 TI - Intermittent claudication. The effect of physical training on walking tolerance and venous lactate concentration. AB - Twenty-one patients with intermittent claudication underwent a physical exercise program lasting 8 weeks. The patients were classified on the basis of maximal walking tolerance (MWT) and diagnosis at the initial examination. Seven of the patients had a MWT less than 1,000 m and no symptoms of chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD) or angina (group A), seven had a MWT less than 1,000 m plus angina and/or COAD (group B) and seven had an unlimited (greater than 1,250 m) MWT (group C). At the completion of the training program all three groups showed a significant improvement in walking distance to pain and stress test capacity. During the post-training walking tolerance test, the venous lactate concentrations in group A were lower after 2 min and 4 min of exercise, and at exhaustion (P less than 0.05). Group A patients showed a significant correlation between an increase in MWT after training and a decrease in maximum lactate concentration measured during walking. Although the patients in group B had a significant increase in MWT, blood lactate concentrations in this group were not always decreased by physical training. Group C lactate concentrations were lower after 8 min, 15 min, and 30 min of walking (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that a physical training program increases walking tolerance in different categories of claudicants, and possible mechanisms for the improvement are discussed. PMID- 6540669 TI - Effects of iron deficiency and exercise on myoglobin in rats. AB - The effects of iron deficiency and endurance training on muscle myoglobin (Mb), body weights, and blood lactic acid concentration were studied in rats. Fifty animals were divided into four groups: anemic trained (AT), normal trained (NT), anemic sedentary (AS), and normal sedentary (NS). Following 5 weeks of dietary control, the mean hemoglobin values for the AT and AS rats were 0.013 +/- 0.002 mmol X l-1 (8.7 +/- 1.4 g X dl-1) and 0.014 +/- 0.003 mmol X l-1 (9.2 +/- 1.7 g X dl-1) respectively, and did not significantly change throughout the study. AT and NT rats were run on a motor driven treadmill 4 days/week for 6 weeks up to a pre established time of 90 min. Following the training, body weights of the AT (157 +/- 13 g) and NT (153 +/- 13 g) rats were lower than their respective sedentary groups AS (172 +/- 9 g) and NS (176 +/- 15 g). Resting blood lactic acid concentration following training was lower in both trained groups, AT (3.3 +/- 2.0 mM) and NT (2.3 +/- 1.9 mM) compared to AS (8.2 +/- 2.6 mM) and NS (3.8 +/- 1.6 mM). Training increased Mb concentration in hearts of both the anemic and normal trained groups (AT, 0.66 +/- 0.13 mg X g-1; NT, 0.95 +/- 0.08 mg X g-1) compared to the sedentary groups (AS, 0.44 +/- 0.08 mg X g-1; NS, 0.70 +/- 0.13 mg X g-1). Only the AT rats showed an increase in skeletal muscle Mb. This study provides evidence that myoglobin may limit aerobic metabolism. PMID- 6540671 TI - Leisure time sport activities and maximal aerobic power during late adolescence. AB - The pattern of leisure time sport activity was estimated by retrospective recalls and expressed in terms of an annual sport activity score. The activity score was related to the development of maximal aerobic power during the period of late adolescence in German children. Both girls and boys reduced their activity pattern from 14 to 18 years of age, boys more than girls. At each age boys were more active than girls. A slight tendency towards better fitness with increased habitual physical activity was noticed, but many sedentary children exhibited a good performance capacity and some children with a high level of leisure time sport activity were characterized by a low level of maximal aerobic power. A statistical analysis revealed that the observed tendency to better fitness with increased habitual physical activity could be explained by an age factor with no additional effect of variation in sport activity score. PMID- 6540672 TI - Urinary dopamine in physical and mental effort. AB - Dopamine in urine was investigated during three levels of physical stress (at 35%, 50%, and 75% VO2 max.) and three kinds of mental stress (delayed auditory feedback, vigilance task and arithmetic task). A statistically significant increase in excretion of dopamine was found in response to physical exercise and the delayed auditory feedback test. The response patterns (ratios noradrenaline/dopamine and adrenaline/dopamine) after physical and mental stress differed. The data presented support the possibility of using dopamine excretion and the above ratios to differentiate between mental and physical effort. PMID- 6540674 TI - Sex differences in endurance capacity and metabolic response to prolonged, heavy exercise. AB - In order to test for possible sex differences in endurance capacity, groups of young, physically active women (n = 6) and men (n = 7) performed bicycle ergometer exercise at 80% and 90% of their maximal oxygen uptakes (VO2 max). The groups were matched for age and physical activity habits. At 80% VO2 max the women performed significantly longer (P less than 0.05), 53.8 +/- 12.7 min vs 36.8 +/- 12.2 min, respectively (means +/- SD). Mid-exercise and terminal respiratory exchange ratio (R) values were significantly lower in women, suggesting a later occurrence of muscle glycogen depletion as a factor in their enhanced endurance. At 90% VO2 max the endurance times were similar for men and women, 21.2 +/- 10.3 min and 22.0 +/- 5.0 min, respectively. The blood lactate levels reached in these experiments were only marginally lower (mean differences 1.5 to 2 mmol X l-1) than those obtained at VO2 max, suggesting high lactate levels as a factor in exhaustion. The changes in body weight during the 80% experiments and the degree of hemoconcentration were not significantly different between men and women. PMID- 6540673 TI - Blood lactate accumulation during arm exercise in world class kayak paddlers and strength trained athletes. AB - Blood lactate accumulation was studied during progressive arm exercise in male and female world class kayak paddlers (K male, K female, n = 11), weight-/power lifters (WL/PL, n = 6), bodybuilders (BB, n = 8) and non-athletes (NA, n = 6). The heavy resistance trained athletes exhibited greater upper-body muscle volume than the other subject groups. During low submaximal exercise intensities, blood lactate concentrations were significantly lower both in male and female kayakers compared with WL/PL, BB, and NA. Mean values at 120 W were 1.9 (K male), 2.1 (K female), 4.8 (WL/PL), 4.5 (BB), and 5.1 (NA) mmol X l-1. At higher power outputs the difference between females and non-kayakers diminished, while the difference between K male and all other groups increased. Exercise tolerance was greatest in K male and was equal among the other groups. Our results suggest that factors other than the muscle mass per se involved in exercise are responsible for the blood lactate response during this kind of work. Moreover, the physiological response observed in kayakers probably represents the upper limit of man's ability to perform continuous progressive arm-cranking exercise. PMID- 6540675 TI - Ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia in well-trained judo athletes. AB - Twenty-four active judo athletes were examined by an isocapnic progressive hypoxia test. The results of ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypoxia were analyzed by the hyperbolic equations, VE = VO + AVE/(PETO2 - CVE) and HR = HRO + AHR/(PETO2 - CHR), respectively, where VE and HR are observed ventilation and heart rate, VO and HRO the horizontal asymptote in ventilation and heart rate for infinite end-tidal PO2 (PETO2), AVE and AHR the slope constant indicating the magnitude of hypoxic sensitivity, and CVE and CHR the vertical asymptote in PETO2 for infinite ventilation and heart rate. AVE was further re-calculated after VE was normalized for a 70 kg body mass, using an allometric coefficient, and was defined as AVEN. 1) AVE and AVEN significantly increased with increasing body weight (BW) as has been reported previously, but no such correlation was found between AHR and BW. 2) VO2 at rest was found to be positively correlated with AVE and AVEN but not with AHR. 3) The relationship between AVE and AHR was not significant. Thus, the characteristic feature seen in hypoxic ventilatory activity was not accompanied by a similar trend in heart rate response. PMID- 6540676 TI - Are young female gymnasts malnourished? An anthropometric, electrophysiological, and histological study. AB - Competitive rhythmic sportive gymnastics have been accused of promoting an unphysiologic weight reduction which may progress to manifest anorexia nervosa. In this study, eight young female gymnasts who represented Norway in the European Championships in Rhythmic Sportive Gymnastics 1982 were examined for evidence of malnutrition. Ten girls, matched for age and height, served as controls. The examination included registration of anthropometric data (height, weight, and body-mass index), motor and sensory neurography and biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle with exact measurements of muscle fibre areas on sections stained for myofibrillar ATPase activity. The mean body weight of the gymnasts did not differ from that of the control group or of a large series of age matched Norwegian females. This finding excludes the possibility of general malnutrition among the examined gymnasts. Muscle fibres of both types 1 and 2 were found to be smaller in the gymnasts than in the controls, with values of 3,404 microns2 vs 3,811 microns2 for type-1 fibres and 2,985 microns2 vs 3,942 microns2 for type-2 fibres respectively. Although contradictory to most previous reports, this finding suggests that the reduction in fibre size among the gymnasts might be an effect of physical training. There were some differences in neurographic parameters between the groups, but the mean values were all within normal ranges. The motor nerve conduction velocity in the proximal segments of the median and ulnar nerves was significantly slower in the gymnasts and, as a possible consequence of smaller muscle fibres, the motor responses were generally less in this group. PMID- 6540677 TI - Skeletal muscle metabolism of sea-level natives following short-term high altitude residence. AB - The influence of short-term high-altitude (HA) residence on intramuscular pH and skeletal muscle enzyme activity of sea-level (SL) residents was investigated. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained by biopsy from rested subjects (n = 5) at SL (50 m) and on the 18th day of HA residence (4,300 m) for determination of glycogen phosphorylase, hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase, and total lactate dehydrogenase activities. A second group of subjects (n = 6) performed cycle exercise of the same absolute intensity (mean +/- SE = 195 +/- 5 W) at SL and on the 15th day of residence at HA. Before and immediately after exercise, vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained for the determination of intramuscular pH, and venous blood was obtained for determination of lactate concentration. The first group of subjects showed no significant changes in skeletal muscle enzyme activity after 18 days at HA. The second group of subjects were instructed to exercise for exactly 30 min, and all but one could complete the entire bout at SL. However, at HA, none could continue 30 min, and time to exhaustion (mean +/- SE) was 11.9 +/- 1.6 min. Resting intramuscular pH was not significantly different after HA residence as compared to SL. The fall in intramuscular pH was less with exercise on day 15 at HA than during SL exercise. Likewise, the increase in blood lactate concentration with exercise at HA was less than at SL. These data indicate that, after 15-18 days of HA residence, limitations in exercise performance are not due to inordinate intramuscular acidosis or to changes in the activity of glycolytic and oxidative enzymes. PMID- 6540678 TI - The "water-ida": a simple means to separate duodenal from gallbladder activity on cholescintigraphic studies. AB - In some 99mTc-iminodiacetic acid studies, separation of the gallbladder from the duodenum can be difficult, despite multiple views. When faced with this problem, we have had the patient ingest 250 cc of tap water. This ingestion clears the duodenum of activity and has allowed us to see the residual activity in the gallbladder. This "water-ida" view may be a useful addition in difficult to interpret hepatobiliary studies. PMID- 6540679 TI - Activity of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase in a case of X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets. AB - In 1974, a 2-year-old boy was diagnosed as having X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (XLH) because of severe rickets and hypophosphataemia. The vitamin D metabolite concentrations, blood and urine chemistry and renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3)-1 alpha-hydroxylase were measured in 1982 (about 2 weeks after withdrawal of medication). 1 alpha-hydroxylase was 392 pg/mg tissue/20 min in the patient, which was high compared with aged-matched controls (69.7 +/- 28.5 pg/mg tissue/20 min, mean +/- SD, n = 7). Our present studies showed that the 1 alpha hydroxylase activity in the patient with XLH was elevated. Therefore, the normal or low 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) concentrations in XLH patients could be due to accelerated catabolism of 1,25-(OH)2D3 or abnormally regulated 25OHD3-1 alpha-hydroxylase in response to hypophosphataemia, although significantly elevated above that in normal controls. PMID- 6540680 TI - Pierre Robin sequence and hyperphalangy--a genetic entity (Catel-Manzke syndrome). AB - Since the first description by Catel and Manzke of hyperphalangy and clinodactyly of the index finger associated with Robin malformation sequence, seven further cases have been published. In two families more than one case occurred. Another family is presented with possibly two affected boys showing variable features of the syndrome. It is proposed that the trait is X-chromosomal, recessively inherited. PMID- 6540681 TI - Cardiac involvement in juvenile ceroid lipofuscinosis of the Spielmeyer-Vogt Sjogren type: prospective noninvasive findings in two siblings. AB - The results of prospective noninvasive cardiologic investigations, including echocardiography and Holter monitoring are described in 2 siblings with juvenile ceroid lipofuscinosis of the Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren type. In the elder patient, echocardiography revealed ventricular hypertrophy with slowed ventricular relaxation. Holter monitoring showed not only bradycardia but also slow and fast ectopic atrial rhythms, sinus arrests and complex ventricular ectopic activity including ventricular tachycardia. In the younger patient the findings were less severe. These functional disturbances due to cardiac involvement, never reported before in this disease, are discussed. PMID- 6540682 TI - Role of antimicrobial synergism in infected granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 6540683 TI - Concordance and discordance of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in sequential biopsies of patients with advanced breast cancer: relation to survival. AB - In 75 patients with advanced breast cancer, sequential biopsies were analyzed for estrogen receptor (ER). In 50 of these patients progesterone receptor (PgR) was also measured. All pairs of biopsies met the following criteria: (i) interval between the two biopsies: at least 6 weeks; (ii) biopsies performed at least 6 weeks after stopping endocrine therapy; and (iii) concordant histology. Discordance in ER was found in 14 of 75 patients (18.7%); PgR was discordant in 14 of 50 patients (28.0%). No significant differences were found between concordant and discordant groups of patients in age at first diagnosis, menopausal state, diameter of the primary tumor, time interval between the two biopsies and intervening therapy. The initial ER level in patients whose ER changed from positive to negative was significantly lower than in patients whose ER remained positive. PgR levels exhibited a rise only when ER rose at the same time. Sequential assays have increased the prognostic significance of ER and as a consequence the estimated survival time for patients whose tumors were ER negative in both biopsies was significantly shorter than for patients whose tumors were ER-negative in only one of the two biopsies. We found no prognostic significance for PgR in either single measurements or repeated biopsies. PMID- 6540684 TI - Bone metastases in primary operable breast cancer. The role of serial scintigraphy. AB - In 1978 and 1979, 1060 Danish patients with primary operable breast cancer were bone-scanned for osseous metastases before entering a nationwide therapeutical trial. A re-reading group interpreted the scans produced in 12 participating hospitals. As a consequence standardized guide-lines for interpretation were agreed upon from 1979. The frequency of positive bone scans suggesting bone metastases fell abruptly from 1978 to 1979, as read both locally and by the re reading group. As measured statistically the difference between the interpretation of the local and the re-reading groups remained unchanged. Of the 1060 patients 760 were followed by repeated pre-scheduled scans 6 and 12 months after surgery until any kind of recurrence was diagnosed. Only 37 of the 760 patients (4.9%) developed bone metastases verified by radiology or autopsy during the first 2 yr after surgery. A single positive scan, especially performed 6 or 12 months after surgery, as well as two or three scans repeatedly staying or becoming positive increase significantly the risk of developing bone metastases within 12 months after the latest scan. In 13 of the 37 patients with otherwise subsequently proven bone metastases the latest scan(s) were negative. It is concluded that a fixed schedule of repeated bone scans in patients with breast cancer is not warranted. PMID- 6540685 TI - Vindesine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy compared with vindesine as a single agent in the management of non-small cell lung cancer: a randomized study. AB - One hundred and five patients with inoperable non-small cell lung cancer were included in a randomized trial comparing the activity of vindesine as a single agent with the combination of vindesine and cisplatin. All patients were previously untreated and the majority (70%) had squamous carcinoma. The overall partial response rates in 88 evaluable patients were 7% for vindesine alone and 33% for the combined regime. There were no complete responders in either arm. The median survival of patients treated with vindesine and cisplatin was 11 months, compared with 4 months in those treated with vindesine alone (P = 0.008). Patients showing a partial or complete response to vindesine and cisplatin survived a median duration of 13 months, compared with 7 months for non responders (P = 0.03). This survival benefit associated with the combination was particularly apparent for patients with ECOG performance status 0 or 1 (median survival greater than 18 months and 13 months respectively), locoregional disease (median survival 14 months) and squamous cell histology (median survival 13 months). Myelo-suppression was greater with the combination but was not a major treatment problem. Neurotoxicity, which was frequently dose-limiting, was of similar severity in both treatment groups. The results indicate that the combination of vindesine and cisplatin is superior to vindesine alone for remission induction in non-small cell lung cancer and confers a significant survival advantage compared with vindesine alone in patients with favourable prognostic factors. PMID- 6540686 TI - Timed sequential chemotherapy following drug-induced kinetic recruitment in refractory ovarian cancer. AB - Kinetic recruitment of cancer cells can seldom be monitored in human solid tumors. Repeated tumor sampling in ascitic ovarian cancer has been exploited to study tumor cell kinetic recruitment following treatment with the alkylating agent iphosphamide (IFX). The treatment schedule of the study was designed to administer the antimetabolic agents MTX-5FU at the time of the recruitment peak. Kinetic studies by the labelling index (LI) assay could be performed during and after the IFX treatment in four out of eight patients because of sampling difficulties. Experimental results showed that the IFX effectiveness reduced the proliferating cells, followed by cell kinetic recruitment from the resting pool. The antimetabolic treatment in concomitance with the proliferative peak (day 12) has been reduced with respect to the original schedule due to the heavy leukopenia occurring to the patients. It is likely that the reduced drug dosage might have contributed to the poor clinical response. However, the recruited cells exhibited an increased in vitro chemosensitivity to adriamycin in comparison to tumor cells studied before the IFX treatment. PMID- 6540687 TI - The epidemiology of ovarian cancer in Greece: a case-control study. AB - One hundred and fifty women with common malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary (cases) and 250 comparison women hospitalized for various orthopedic conditions were interviewed regarding demographic, reproductive, socio-economic and biomedical characteristics, including their use of coffee, tobacco, alcohol, drugs and exogenous estrogens. The data were analyzed with standard X2 procedures and by modelling relative risk (r) through multiple logistic regression. The main results are as follows: women with ovarian cancer had fewer liveborn children (one-tailed, P congruent to 0.13, for women with 4+ children, r = 0.6) and later menarche (P congruent to 0.02, for women with age at menarche 15+, r = 1.9) and menopause (P congruent to 0.07, for women with age at menopause 50+, r = 1.5); they were slightly taller and heavier (P congruent to 0.15 and 0.30 respectively); they belonged to smaller sibships (P congruent to 0.05); they reported more frequently than controls familial occurrence of ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer (P less than 0.05 in each instance); they were regular consumers of alcoholic beverages more frequently than controls, and the excess was both statistically significant (P congruent to 0.02) and dose-related; they were regular users of coffee slightly more frequently than controls (r = 1.2) but the excess was small and it was neither statistically significant nor dose-related (P congruent to 0.27); and they reported less frequently than controls the use of oral contraceptives (relative risk for users, 0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-1.1). PMID- 6540689 TI - Inhibition of DNA synthesis by cytosine arabinoside: relation to response of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia to remission induction therapy and to stage of the disease. AB - The sensitivity of leukemic marrow cell DNA synthesis to cytosine arabinoside (araC) exposure in vitro was studied in specimens obtained from patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. Cells from patients who had been treated with araC in the past were more likely to be resistant to the effect of araC on DNA synthesis than cells obtained from patients who had not been so-treated previously. Resistance to the effects of araC on DNA synthesis was associated with the failure of high-dose araC therapy to induce remissions in relapsed patients, whereas remission induction failure in previously untreated patients was not associated with araC resistance. PMID- 6540688 TI - Human monoclonal antibody to ganglioside GD2-inhibited human melanoma xenograft. AB - A human IgM monoclonal antibody was produced in vitro against OFA-I-2, a human tumor membrane antigen. This antigen is expressed on tumors of neuroectodermal origin, and has been identified as the ganglioside GD2. This study examines the anti-tumor effect of the monoclonal antibody against a GD2-positive human melanoma cell line, M14, inoculated subcutaneously into athymic CD-1 nude mice. Tumor-free survival was prolonged markedly when the monoclonal antibody and M14 cells were inoculated simultaneously. When antibody and complement were also injected into established tumor nodules, M14 tumor growth was suppressed. However, intraperitoneal injection of the antibody did not alter the growth of the subcutaneously inoculated M14 cells. The antibody has no effect on the growth of a GD2-negative melanoma cell line, M24. These results indicate that the human monoclonal antibody to GD2 may be useful for the suppression of GD2-positive tumor cells in cancer patients if the tumor can be directly exposed to the antibody and complement. PMID- 6540690 TI - Production of systemic hyperthermia in the rat. AB - The design of clinical trials employing whole-body hyperthermia in cancer therapy has been hampered due to lack of a suitable animal model. We describe a technique for reproducibly and efficiently inducing whole-body hyperthermia in Sprague Dawley rats, using halothane and oxygen anesthesia and immersion in a hot water bath. Core body temperatures of between 41.5 and 43 degrees C were induced and maintained for periods of up to 200 min and survival curves were determined. The time of exposure at a given temperature that resulted in death in 50% of the animals within 24 hr after heating (LD50/24 hr) was calculated by linear logistic regression analysis. LD50 24 hr values of 115, 61, 57, 25 and 16 min were obtained for temperatures of 41.75, 42.0, 42.25, 42.5 and 42.75 degrees C respectively. This heating technique is compared to several more toxic methods for inducing whole-body hyperthermia with respect to possible pharmacological and physiological differences. PMID- 6540691 TI - The treatment of intravenously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma with two sustained release forms of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - Liposomes have been used in recent years as carriers for drugs and molecules of biological importance. In cancer chemotherapy, however, the advantages of liposome encapsulation of antitumor drugs remain uncertain, with the possible exception of the usefulness of encapsulated 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-cytosine (ara-C), an antitumor drug of a very short half-life. Liposome-encapsulated ara-C has been shown by others to enhance significantly the survival time of mice bearing leukemia, and the enhancement may be attributable to the role of liposomes as a slow release system for ara-C. We now further explore the advantages of two sustained release systems for ara-C, namely the liposome encapsulated ara-C and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-diphosphate-L-1,2 dipalmitin (ara-CDP-L-dipalmitin, a prodrug of ara-C). Intravenously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma is used as a solid tumor model. The therapeutic effectiveness of the two slow release forms of ara-C given by either i.v. or i.p. injections is examined. Viable tumor cells (1.0 X 10(5) cells/mouse) were inoculated i.v. and treatment was initiated 24 hr later using three schedules of multiple treatments for liposomal ara-C and single or multiple injections of ara CDP-L-dipalmitin. Liposomal ara-C given by the i.p. route consistently increased the number of cures (greater than 120 days survival). For example, when nine small doses (10 mg/kg) were given on consecutive days by i.p. injections, 50% of mice given liposomal ara-C were cured, compared with 10% cures in the group given ara-C liposomes by i.v. and no cures in mice receiving free ara-C given according to the same schedules. On the other hand, ara-CDP-L-dipalmitin given at a single dose is more effective than an equal dose divided in five injections. However, no cures have been obtained by treatments with ara-CDP-L-dipalmitin. These results have further demonstrated the advantage of liposomes as carriers for antitumor drugs of short half-life. PMID- 6540692 TI - Bronchodilating activity of forskolin in vitro and in vivo. AB - The effect of forskolin, a receptor-independent adenylate cyclase activator on acetylcholine (ACh)-, histamine- and leukotriene D4 (LTD4)-induced contractions in isolated tracheal spirals was investigated. Forskolin reduced the contraction due to these agonists (IC50S: ACh 5.8 X 10(-6) M; histamine 4 X 10(-7) M; LTD4 3.1 X 10(-6) M). Forskolin was also effective against ACh- and histamine-induced contraction when added during contraction. In ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs, intravenously and intraduodenally administered forskolin significantly reduced the bronchospasm due to aerosol administration of ovalbumin. These results suggest that forskolin could prove useful in delineating the role of cyclic nucleotides in pulmonary smooth muscle responses. PMID- 6540693 TI - Forskolin mimics slow synaptic excitation in myenteric neurons. PMID- 6540694 TI - Postnatal development of kidney function in rats receiving thyroid hormones. AB - In immature rats, renal excretion of p-aminohippurate (PAH) can be increased by daily pretreatment with triiodothyronine (T3) or tetraiodothyronine (T4) beginning on the 2nd day after birth (10 micrograms/100 g b.wt. i.p.). The increase of PAH excretion is nearly of the same extent, if 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-, 50 , and 105-day-old rats were pretreated with thyroid hormones (10 micrograms/100 g b.wt. i.p., 3 days, once daily). There is no strongly dose dependent renal effect of T3 and T4, respectively. The time course of stimulation of renal PAH excretion was also characterized in rats of different ages. Simultaneous pretreatment of young and adult rats with cyclopenthiazide and T3 is not distinctly more effective as both components given alone. Particularly the low degree of stimulation in young rats receiving cyclopenthiazide cannot be pronounced by additional T3 administration. Inhibitors of protein biosynthesis (azauracil, neomycin) can antagonize the stimulation of renal p-amino-hippurate excretion in rats receiving T3. The presented data indicate that T3 is effective in young rats. Furthermore, T4 can be converted to T3 in young rats, too. The importance of an intact protein synthesis seems to be a prerequisite to stimulate the kidney function by T3 pretreatment. PMID- 6540695 TI - Levels of vasopressin and oxytocin in neurohypophysis and plasma of the postnatally developing rat and the influence of hypothyroidism on rat fetuses. AB - Arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) were measured simultaneously by radioimmunoassay in neurohypophyses of rats immediately before birth (fetal day 22) onward to day 50 of life. The neurohypophysial content of AVP exceeded that of OXT by factor 17 at fetal day 22, by 20 immediately post natum, and by 2 at day 21 of life, respectively. As compared to day 0, the content at day 21 is considerably higher (AVP 24 fold, OXT 270 fold). The poor correlation between neurohypophysial AVP and OXT content suggests the possibility of a different onto genetic development of both neuropeptide systems. Both AVP and OXT were detected in pooled rat plasma at various postnatal stages. Hypo- and hyperthyroidism induced experimentally during gestation did not result in a significant change in neuropeptide content of fetal neural lobes. PMID- 6540696 TI - Serum T4, T3, r-T3, TSH and Tg levels in cord blood and maternal circulation at the time of delivery. AB - The concentrations of T4, T3, r-T3, TSH and Tg were determined in parallel in maternal serum at the time of delivery and in cord blood. The serum T3 concentration in cord blood was significantly lower than that in the serum of the mother. However contrary to T3, r-T3 in cord serum was significantly higher than in maternal serum. Also, the level of TSH in cord blood was considerably higher than in maternal serum. The concentrations of total T4 in maternal and cord serum did not differ markedly, even though the values (mean and individual) were somewhat lower in the cord serum. The concentrations of Tg in cord and maternal serum varied widely, although the mean value for Tg in cord serum was somewhat higher than in maternal serum. No correlation was found between Tg concentration and TSH level in cord or maternal serum. PMID- 6540698 TI - Effect of 1-(2, 4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (DICA) on the sex organs of the male laboratory mouse. AB - Oral administration (50 mg/kg body weight/day, for 28 days) of 1-(2,4 dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (DICA) induced significant reduction in testicular weight with suppression of spermatogenesis. The seminiferous tubules were devoid of spermatozoa and contained only Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and several multinucleated giant cells. The Leydig cells, however, remained unaffected in treated animals. The drug also induced significant decrease in the levels of testicular RNA and protein; DNA level, however, remained unaltered. Epididymis in DICA-treated mice presented normal histology except that the lumen contained sperm debris; cauda epididymidal spermatozoa were immotile and often fragmented. DICA treatment caused no change in the level of fructose in the seminal vesicle. DICA-induced alterations were reversible and within 56 days of drug withdrawal the reproductive organs returned to their normal state. PMID- 6540697 TI - Serum levels of testosterone precursors, testosterone and estradiol in 10 animal species. AB - Blood levels of testosterone precursors, i.e. pregnenolone, progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, androstendione, DHEA, and delta 5-androstendiol as well as testosterone and estradiol are measured in 10 animals each of 10 different species. The determination is done by radioimmunoassay with steroidspecific antibodies. Precursors of the delta 5-pathway (DHEA, androstendiol) are low in the red deer, dog, cat, rat and guinea pig. Precursors of the delta 4-pathway (progesterone, 17-hydroxprogesterone, androstendione) are lower in the bull, boar, ram, stallion and rabbit thus indicating a predominance of different pathways in the animal species studied herein. Pregnenolone concentrations are of equal height in all animals, testosterone is lowest in the cat and stallion. In the latter species the estradiol/testosterone ratio is spectacular high. PMID- 6540699 TI - Are the amygdaloid projections to the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus involved in estrous rhythm regulation in the female rat? AB - The aim of this investigation was to determine whether the corticomedial amygdaloid nucleus (CMA) and its projections to the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) were involved in the regulation of estrous rhythm by the VMN in the rat. It is known (Carrer et al., 1973-1974) that partial VMN lesions caused the occurrence of either 5-day or alternate 4- or 5-day cycles in about 50% of 4-day cyclic female rats and that large lesions induced cycle prolongation in most of the operated animals while hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) lesions left estrous rhythm unmodified. CMA lesions in 4-day cyclic female rats caused the occurrence of either 5-day or alternate cycles with sequence of 4, 5, 4 days, more frequently than in their sham operated counterparts (15/20 vs 3/20). Stria terminalis (ST) lesions placed at its emergence from the CMA or at its horizontal course over the internal capsule induced a higher proportion (10/14 and 9/16, respectively) of females to display changes in cycle duration than did sham operated and unoperated controls as well (10/32 and 7/29, respectively). Combined partial VMN and ST lesions resulted in a 24 hours cycle prolongation or alternate 4- and 5-day cycles in a greater number of females than in those bearing small VMN lesions only (15/18 vs 22/40). A noticeable proportion of CMA, ST and ST + small VMN lesioned females offered more or less prolonged diestrous periods immediately following surgery before resuming estrous cyclicity. It was suggested that the CMA neurons which project fibers to the VMN via the ST are implicated in estrous rhythm regulation in the rat. PMID- 6540700 TI - The activity of the bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion in premenopausal and postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Estrogen deficiency might increase responsiveness of bone to circulating endogenous parathormone. To explore a possible relationship between parathormone action on bone and estrogens we studied the activity of the bone isoenzyme of serum alkaline phosphatase and the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline in 16 premenopausal and 24 postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism with hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy. The postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism had the B-ALP 4.30 +/- 0.54 mukat/l, the urinary hydroxyproline excretion 205.2 +/- 22.2 mmol/mol creatinine and urinary calcium excretion 8.9 +/- 0.5 mmol/24 hours, significantly increased in comparison with the group of women with menstrual cycle and primary hyperparathyroidism who had B ALP 2.12 +/- 0.43 mukat/l, the urinary hydroxyproline excretion 119.0 +/- 14.9 mmol/mol creatinine and urinary calcium excretion 7.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/24 hours. Evidence supporting that estrogen deficiency might increase responsiveness of bone to circulating endogenous parathormone was provided by the demonstration that postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism had increased bone turnover assessed by urinary hydroxyproline excretion and bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase in comparison with the group of premenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6540701 TI - Human neurophysins--isolation by high performance liquid chromatography from different extracts. AB - Different extraction methods, incomplete data on their amino acid composition and different designations according to their electrophoretic mobility result in a still somewhat unclear picture of the human neurophysins. In respect to the limited amount of human material we compared the traditional extraction method with extraction procedures after removal of either HGH or of the proopiocortin peptides. The purification of these extracts by high performance liquid chromatography resulted in an identical pattern of six neurophysin peaks. They all showed the typical characteristics of the neurophysins. According to their amino acid composition they represent two groups of neurophysins. The analysis of the peaks 4--6 is similar to the amino acid composition of neurophysin I; the main compositional characteristics of the peaks 1--3 are those of neurophysin II. However, sequencing work is needed, before the picture in the human neurophysins will be clarified. PMID- 6540702 TI - The effect of prolactin on estradiol-17 beta and testosterone plus 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone secretion by porcine luteal cells in vitro. AB - Prolactin (1, 5, 10 micrograms/ml) inhibited 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) secretion by luteal cells isolated from porcine corpus luteum on the 13th day of the estrous cycle. The effect of prolactin upon luteal cells on the 5th and 17th day of the cycle was different. Inhibition of DHT, T and E2 secretion in luteal cells on the 5th day of the cycle occurred only after 6 hours of incubation, at prolactin doses of 5 and 10 micrograms/ml of the medium. Luteal cells obtained from corpora lutea with considerable physiological luteolysis (17th day of the cycle) did not react to the presence of prolactin in the incubation medium. The results showed that the effect of prolactin upon luteal cells depended on the intensity of steroidogenesis. Luteal cells on the 5th day of the estrous cycle produced progesterone in the amounts 34 +/- 9.1 ng/ml, on the 13th day: 62 +/- 11.5, and on the 17th day: 7.9 +/- 1.9. The effect of prolactin was most pronounced in case of cells on the 13th day of the cycle. These cells were characterized by the highest production of progesterone. The in vitro observations suggest the role of prolactin in inhibiting synthesis or release of DHT, T and E2 from luteal cells. PMID- 6540704 TI - TSH response to 30 min stay in sauna in the morning and during evening hours. AB - The response of plasma TSH to 30 min stay in sauna was compared in the morning and in the evening. Both in the morning and in the evening plasma TSH was significantly elevated after sauna, with more prolonged response in the evening. This difference resembles the different reactivity of TSH to exogenous TRH administration in various times of day. PMID- 6540703 TI - Effect of some selected anti-inflammatory steroids on elastin content in liver of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. AB - Hepatic fibrosis was induced in rats by poisoning them with carbon tetrachloride. The influence of anti-inflammatory steroids (hydrocortisone, prednisone, dexamathasone) upon elastin content in liver was investigated in healthy and CCl4 intoxicated rats. An increase of liver elastin content was observed in animals with CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis Opposite results were obtained in normal rats after treating them with glucocorticosteroids. A decrease of elastin content after steroid treatment was also found in rats with injured liver, as compared to animals receiving CCl4 only. Presumable mechanisms of the results are discussed. PMID- 6540705 TI - Serum cholesterol and thyroxine in young women during mental stress. AB - In nine female medical students we found an increase of 20 percent in mean cholesterol level during an important examination. A decrease in thyroxine was found but there was no correlation with cholesterol changes. PMID- 6540706 TI - Vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma of conscious rabbits- circadian variations. AB - Determination of AVP in the CSF and plasma of conscious, freely moving and normally hydrated rabbits yielded in the CSF a value three times higher than in plasma, while revealing opposite rhythmic daily patterns for both compartments. PMID- 6540707 TI - Increased organization of cytoskeleton accompanying the aging of human fibroblasts in vitro. AB - Fibroblastic cells of human origin have a limited lifespan in culture. One of the senescence-associated phenotypic changes is an increase in the abundance of cytoplasmic filaments. Human skin fibroblasts (strain 0011), derived from an 8 week-old male fetus, were passaged according to a predetermined schedule and examined at successive population doubling levels. In young rapidly growing cultures, fluorescence microscopy with NBD-Phallacidin shows a normal organization of the actin-containing fibers, microtubules and intermediate filaments, as has been described previously. At stages close to the end of the in vitro lifespan of the cell strain, large flat fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in culture. These large senescent fibroblasts contain numerous prominent actin fibers traversing the entire long axis of the cytoplasm. The fibers are often located adjacent to each other and appear to form a sheet on the ventral side of the cytoplasm. Staining of senescent cells with anti-tubulin antibody reveals an increase in the abundance of microtubules per cell and the distribution pattern is altered through the increase in the number of organization centers. Intermediate filaments are also more abundant and display tightly packed fibrillar sheets or bundles. Electron microscopic studies have confirmed the increased organization of microfilaments into bundles in senescent cells. These results suggest that during in vitro senescence, the increase in cell size is correlated with increased organization of the cytoskeleton. The presence of a rigid cytoskeletal structure may contribute in part to the inability of the senescent cell to replicate. PMID- 6540708 TI - In situ localization of S1-labeled actin filaments in chick lens epithelial cells. AB - The actin filaments in the lens epithelial cells of three-day and eight-day post hatched chicks have been labeled in situ with myosin subfragment 1 (S1). Labeling was accomplished by injuring the lens transcorneally with an ultramicroneedle 5 min or 24 hr before detergent treatment and incubation in S1. A band of filaments found at the epithelio-fiber junction in normal, uninjured chick lens is labeled in the 5 min and 24 hr injury. A subcapsular labeled band is found only in the 24 hr injury, and may be the result of a healing process. PMID- 6540709 TI - Perioral biting reflex and turning after intranigral injection of a GABA- or metenkephalin-agonist: role of the thalamus and superior colliculus. AB - Unilateral destruction of the ventromedial thalamus (VMT) with a radiofrequency lesion attenuated turning induced by injection of muscimol (40 ng/0.4 microliter) but not of a metenkephalin-analogue (DAME; 2.5 micrograms/0.4 microliter) into the substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNR). Unilateral lesions in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (DLSC) attenuated both muscimol- and DAME induced turning. Lesions in the DLSC but not in the VMT blocked the sensitization of the perioral biting reflex by injection of muscimol or DAME into the SNR on the same side of the lesion. When injected with apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg) all rats with lesions turned ipsiversive to the lesion side and reacted to tactile stimulation of the perioral area on both sides with orienting towards and then biting into the stimulus probe. PMID- 6540710 TI - Electrophysiological properties of rat pinealocytes: evidence for circadian and ultradian rhythms. AB - Extracellular single-unit recordings were made during day- and night-time in the pineal gland of urethane-anesthetized adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. All cells exhibiting spontaneous electrical activity had firing frequencies from less than 1 Hz to about 100 Hz, and their discharge patterns were characterized as regular, irregular or bursting. While most of the spontaneously active cells (n = 163) showed a uniform activity level throughout the recording period (30-120 min), a group of 9 cells exhibited oscillatory rhythms with periods of 4-8 min. In addition, long-term recordings across day- and night-time from five cells revealed increasing activity during night-time in three cells, while the remaining two units showed constant activity throughout the recording time (8-20 h). Comparison of day- and night-data in general indicated an overall higher level of activity at night. PMID- 6540711 TI - Effects of As-deficiency on skeletal muscle, myocardium and liver. A histochemical and ultrastructural study. PMID- 6540712 TI - Effects of orally-administered ethanol on mammary gland morphology and functional efficiency in lactating rats. AB - The effect of ethanol on mammary gland morphology and functional efficiency in lactating rats was examined. When ethanol was orally administered from parturition throughout lactation, no effects were observed. When alcohol was administered from day 11 of gestation and throughout lactation, lower mammary gland weight and length, and pup weights were observed. Definite histological changes in the mammary gland were noted, especially at days 11 and 22 of lactation. It is speculated that ethanol disturbs the balance of the endocrine system relative to mammary gland development. PMID- 6540713 TI - Diabetic myocardial alterations in ultrastructure and function. AB - Myocardial samples taken from six healthy and six alloxan-diabetic dogs by means of percutaneous needle-biopsy were investigated electronmicroscopically. Specific increase in the number of collagen fibers and that of mitochondria were demonstrated beside the widening of Z bands. In the same experimental animals, a close, inverse correlation was detected (y = 0.0068x + 0.1680; r = 0.8648; F = 29.6705; n = 12) between the values of the left ventricular passive elastic modulus and those of the plasma glucose disappearance rate determined immediately before the haemodynamic investigation. On the basis of the ultrastructural findings, the proliferation of collagen fibers can be made also responsible for functional disorder of the diabetic myocardium. PMID- 6540714 TI - The potential oncogenic activity of influenza A virus in lungs of mice. AB - Adult male CD1 mice were inoculated with chicken egg-propagated influenza type A/PR8/34 virus. Fully developed pulmonary pneumonia was found 7 d after the infection. In addition to the pneumatic condition, pronounced thickening of the bronchiolar epithelium denoting hyperplastic and dysplastic transformation of the epithelial cells were also observed. By 11 d of the experiment, extensive papillomatous proliferation of the bronchiolar epithelial cells could be demonstrated. Furthermore, invasive growth of these epithelial cells through the basement membrane and muscularis layer into the alveolar tissues were evident. Such invasive transgression of transformed epithelial cells strongly suggested malignant growth of these cells. Detailed histopathological survey of all the virus-infected lungs revealed tumorous nodule formations in over 80% of the specimens examined. Our present investigation not only confirmed previous claims that cellular transformations (hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia) can be induced with influenza type A virus but also for the first time successfully demonstrated invasive growth and tumorous formation in lungs of infected animals. Our study further reaffirms the oncogenic potential of influenza type A virus. PMID- 6540715 TI - Experimental infection with Mycobacterium kansasii in athymic nude mice. AB - Subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium kansasii did not cause mortality in athymic nu/nu and control nu/+ mice. It had a stimulatory activity comparable to obligatory mycobacterial pathogens: thymus-dependent lymphatic tissues areas were populated during the infection by lymphocytes also in nu/nu mice in which a low degree of migration inhibition factor production could be seen. In both models of chief site of mycobacterial trapping and phagocytosis was the hyperplastic interdigitating cell mesh in the thymus-dependent areas of lymph nodes. A detailed morphological description of the organ changes is given. PMID- 6540716 TI - Morphometric-interferometric investigations of neurons in the medial thalamic nucleus of newborn rats following maternal treatment with ethanol. AB - The nucleus and cell size, as well as the dry weight and protein contents of neurons in the medial thalamic nucleus of newborn rats, exposed to ethanol in utero, were examined on the first day of postnatal life. Comparison was made with a control group of animals, not exposed to ethanol. No significant changes in the protein content and dry weight values were observed. The perikarya of neurons from animals exposed to ethanol were significantly larger than those of the controls. The findings indicate that the nucleus and perikaryon are affected differently by alcohol, following intrauterine exposure. PMID- 6540717 TI - Phospholipids, vitamin A and ubiquinone of the Golgi apparatus subfractions from rat liver after acute ethanol intoxication. AB - Previous investigations from our laboratory have shown that during acute ethanol intoxication the Golgi apparatus seems involved in impaired dismission of lipoproteins. In the present paper the phospholipid distributions of Golgi subfractions have been analyzed in livers of normal and ethanol intoxicated rats. No significant differences in the phospholipid classes have been observed in this study. On the contrary, a decrease of vitamin A and ubiquinone in Golgi subfractions is evident. The results are briefly discussed in view of the role played by these endogenous antioxidants in the Golgi membranes and in the pathogenesis of ethanol induced fatty liver. PMID- 6540718 TI - The motor of leukocytes. AB - The movements of leukocytes involve extension, flow, and contraction of a margin of organelle-excluding cytoplasm. Actin is the principal structural component of this region. This paper reviews evidence that the expansion of cortical cytoplasm can result from the growth of actin polymers into an orthogonal network in which actin fibers branch perpendicularly under the influence of actin-binding protein. Flow occurs when actin filaments are disassembled and severed. The assembly and fragmentation of actin are regulated by actin-modulating proteins such as profilin, which sequesters actin monomers, acumentin, which binds to the slow growing end of actin fibers, and gelsolin, a calcium-regulated protein that binds to the fast-growing end of actin polymers and severs actin filaments. Contraction of the actin network is caused by myosin, the assembly and activity of which are regulated by its state of phosphorylation, which is in turn controlled by phosphorylating and dephosphorylating enzymes and by calmodulin and calcium. Present information leads to the prediction that intracellular calcium gradients guide cytoplasmic movement and that the direction of actin assembly and therefore of cytoplasmic extension is toward regions of low cytoplasmic free calcium. PMID- 6540719 TI - Human in vitro fertilization and the law. AB - Physicians who intend to perform in vitro fertilization--or the newer alternative, in vivo fertilization and embryo transfer--should be aware of the plethora of laws that potentially cover their work. In perhaps no other area of medicine are there so many separate statutes and regulations that potentially apply. State fetal research laws, abortion statutes, human subject protection laws, and specific in vitro fertilization statutes can determine whether and how the procedure can be undertaken. When donor gametes or a surrogate carrier is used, additional laws governing artificial insemination, paternity, or adoption may come into play to determine the child's legal status and its relationship to the parties involved. This article is designed to guide physicians through the legal maze. PMID- 6540720 TI - Immunologic infertility and in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6540721 TI - [Experimental model of the formation of body dependence on ethanol]. PMID- 6540722 TI - Dopaminergic inhibition of adenylate cyclase correlates with high affinity agonist binding to anterior pituitary D2 dopamine receptors. AB - Dopamine (DA) and the dopaminergic agonists n-propylnorapomorphine (NPA), 2-amino 6,7-dihydroxytetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN) and apomorphine (APO) inhibit forskolin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in a dose-dependent fashion by more than 40% in membrane preparations of the porcine anterior pituitary gland. These agonists exhibit apparent dissociation constants that follow an expected dopaminergic order of potency (NPA greater than ADTN greater than or equal to APO greater than DA). The inhibition is dependent on guanine nucleotides and is reversible by dopaminergic antagonists (spiroperidol greater than (+)-butaclamol much greater than (-)-butaclamol). The potencies of these agonists in inhibiting forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity correlate with the agonist dissociation constants (KH) for binding to the high affinity receptor state (RH) in porcine anterior pituitary membranes (De Lean et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 1982, 22, 290-297) and the EC50 for inhibition of prolactin release from rat anterior pituitary cells in culture (Caron et al., J. Biol. Chem. 1978, 253, 2244-2253). Furthermore, the intrinsic activities of dopamine and the other agonists for inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase are similar and correlate well with the ability of these agents to induce a comparable proportion (50%) of the receptor in a high affinity state. Together these data provide additional support for the physiological relevance of the high affinity agonist binding state of the D2 receptor in mediating the decrease in prolactin secretion via attenuation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6540723 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1 on bile flow in the rat. AB - The effect of intravenous administration of prostaglandin E1 on bile flow in the rat was investigated. PGE1 infused at concentrations of 4.5, 7.5 and 15 micrograms/kg body weight/min caused an initial increase in bile acid-independent bile flow rate which peaked within 30 min and was followed by a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) below the control value. However, PGE1 administered intravenously at an infusion rate of 15 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in bile acid-dependent bile flow rate. PMID- 6540724 TI - [Contribution of computerized radioisotope angiocardiography to the diagnosis of arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle]. AB - Radionuclide angiography phase analysis was performed in two patients presenting with recurrent right-sided ventricular tachycardia without angiographic evidence of valvular or ischemic heart disease. A dilated, poorly contracting (EF = 20%) right ventricle with localized dyskinetic areas was found in contrast with normal left ventricular function. The suggested diagnosis of Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia was confirmed by right ventricular angiography performed in one patient. The diagnostic interest of radionuclide angiography phase analysis in patients with Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia is stressed. PMID- 6540725 TI - Enhancement of antiproliferation activity of vincristine and adriamycin by interferon. AB - Vincristine (VCR) combined with interferon (IFN)-beta suppressed H.Ep #2 cell proliferation more than additively, whereas 6-mercaptopurine combined with IFN beta suppressed it less than additively. Factors associated with the more-than additive effect were examined. The enhanced antiproliferation was achieved in HeLa cells as well as H.Ep #2 cells but not in Daudi or M-14 cells, indicating cell dependency of the enhancement. This enhancement was not dependent on the IFN species, including IFN-beta, IFN-alpha (leukocyte), and IFN-alpha (lymphoblastoid), although the cells were variably sensitive to these IFN species. In contrast, the enhance antiproliferation was critically dependent on the species of antineoplastic agents, and was selective to VCR and adriamycin among those tested under the present experimental conditions. The sequential exposure of H.Ep #2 cells to IFN and VCR induced the enhancement but exposure to VCR followed by IFN did not, suggesting that IFN-induced cell modification made the cells more sensitive to VCR. Either IFN or VCR was successfully replaced by colchicine, an antimicrotubule agent, but not by cytochalasin D, an antimicrofilament agent, suggesting the involvement of microtubule modification in the enhanced antiproliferation observed with IFN and VCR. PMID- 6540726 TI - [Bacteriocinogenic plasmids of Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - When strains of Bacillus thuringiensis v. morrisoni or v. darmstadiensis were plated on solid medium, the appearance of oligosporogenic (Ospo) mutants and bacteriocin non-producing clones (Thc-) was observed. The comparative analysis of the plasmid content of original and mutant strains revealed that the appearance of Ospo and Thc- phenotypes correlated with the loss of certain plasmids. PMID- 6540727 TI - [Genetic characteristics of Chinese hamster cell resistance to colchicine, actinomycin D and ethidium bromide]. AB - We have tried to study genetics of Chinese hamster cellular drug resistance to colchicine, actinomycin D and ethidium bromide. Resistant variants arising at a frequency 10(-5) to 10(-7) were selected from a sensitive population. Pretreatment with MNNG increased this frequency 106, 9-15, 12-26 times for colchicine, actinomycin D and ethidium bromide, respectively. Fluctuation test analysis allows to suppose that phenotypic expression of drug resistance is genetically determined and resulted from random genetical events. Significant values of particular correlation coefficients for selecting resistant variants in a set of independently originated subpopulations suggest the genetical identity of the majority of variants selected by colchicine and actinomycin D. At the same time, the significant portion of colchicine-resistant cells may be selected using ethidium bromide. It is not unlikely that under above experimental conditions, each selective agent reveals genetically different resistant variants. The possible genetic mechanisms of resistance to the drugs used are discussed. PMID- 6540728 TI - [Fusion of cultured Djungarian hamster tumor cells with the host cells in vivo and the characteristics of the hybrids obtained]. AB - Tumor Djungarian hamster cells resistant to 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU) were inoculated to newborn hamsters. Tumors occurred in animals and were seeded into HAT medium in vitro. This procedure permitted to select hybrids between tumor and normal cells established in vivo. Hybrid nature of cell cultures was confirmed by karyological analysis. Hybrid cells were tested for their ability to grow progressively in newborn Djungarian hamsters and to form colonies in soft agar. The hybrid cells were less malignant than 5-BrdU-resistant tumor cells, but they could grow in soft agar with the efficiency of the parental tumor cells. Chromosomal constitution of the hybrid tumors indicate that as a rule, the expression of malignancy correlates with elimination of the morphologically normal chromosome pairs No 1, 4, 6, 8. Our data suggest that at least two genes located on different chromosomes of the normal cell are needed for suppression of malignancy in somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 6540729 TI - [Assortative mating in the population of a modern city]. AB - An investigation of the population of modern Siberian city Angarsk was carried out. The sample consisted of 13746 individuals in the age interval from 21 to 60 years old. The population comprises more than 40 nationalities. The percentage of Russians, Ukrainians, Buryats, Byelorussians and Tatars in this population is 86.37, 5.35, 1.91, 1.65 and 1.46, respectively. The incidence of other nationalities does not exceed 1%. Analysis of the distances of birth places for married couples demonstrated the predominance of those in which husband and wife had come from different administrative regions of the country. This implies a significant impact of migration on formation of the new city population. A new qualitative approach to the assessing of assortative mating considering the nationality is presented and it is discovered that assortative mating on the basis of national belonging takes place in all the nationalities taken into analysis: in Russians, Ukrainians, Buryats, Byelorussians and Tatars. PMID- 6540730 TI - [Fetal movements and uterine contractions in the third trimester of pregnancy. II. Prenatal mortality and morbidity]. PMID- 6540731 TI - [Labor induction at various times in a 24-hour-period]. PMID- 6540732 TI - The uniformity of growth within the litter of the marsupial, Isoodon macrourus. AB - The amount of information concerning reproduction in eutherian mammals differs markedly with that available for marsupials. There is at present a good understanding of growth in the eutherian litter after birth but the respective information for litter bearing marsupials has still to be obtained. In this study the growth of the young bandicoot after leaving the pouch was examined. Each of the monitored young, 38 females and 12 males, was weighed weekly and a growth rate estimated for the ages 65 to 105 days. Although these growth rates varied from 3.80 to 9.50 g/days and large variations in growth rate were observed between litters, the findings suggest that development within a pouch, in contrast to uterine development, gives rise to a litter which is more uniform in size. PMID- 6540733 TI - [Simultaneous correction of subvalvular stenosis of the aorta and accompanying multiple congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6540735 TI - [Activity of the dying fetus]. PMID- 6540734 TI - Coeliac disease in monozygotic twin girls. Synchronous presentation. AB - A pair of monozygotic twin girls with coeliac disease is reported. The diagnosis was made on clinical and biochemical evidence of malabsorption, characteristic histological findings, and clinical, biochemical, and histological response to gluten elimination. Monozygosity was established on finding a single placenta at birth, exact similarity of physical appearance, similar blood group, and histocompatibility antigens, and negative reaction in mixed lymphocyte culture. This is one of six well documented cases of coeliac disease in monozygotic twins and may throw light on the importance of genetic and environmental factors in the causation and expression of the disease. PMID- 6540736 TI - [Gastric mucosal lesions in rats induced by the communication box paradigm: experimental conditions, endoscopic observation, and effect of vagotomy]. AB - A communication box paradigm which can eliminate the influence of the physical noxious stimuli such as electrical foot-shock from the conditioned emotional stimuli has recently been developed for producing gastric mucosal lesions (GML) in mice. In this situation, the unshocked animals (NE group) were exposed to affective stimuli such as visual, auditory and olfactory sensations from the shocked conspecifics (E group). The present study was conducted to investigate an experimental procedure that can be applied to rats. When the communication box paradigm was applied to rats, the incidence of GML was very low: E group (38%) and NE group (13%). Marked augmentation of the incidence of GML was obtained in both E and NE groups by reserpine pretreatment at the dose of 1 mg/kg which did not produce GML. Various kinds of GML were defined endoscopically using a narrow fibre scope. The manifestation of the GML in both E and NE groups was completely suppressed by vagotomy, whereas pyloroplasty was ineffective. The procedure for eliciting GML in rats was established by a combination of the communication box paradigm with reserpine pretreatment. The endoscopic technique may provide a clue for investigating the time-dependent healing process of GML, especially for evaluating the therapeutic effect of a drug. PMID- 6540737 TI - A sulphite oxidase-deficient rat model: reproductive toxicology of sulphite in the female. AB - The reproductive toxicology of sulphite was investigated in female rats with induced deficiencies of sulphite oxidase. Induction of sulphite oxidase deficiency was accomplished by administration of a diet with a high tungsten to molybdenum ratio. This animal model was chosen because it enables exposure of tissues to high systemic sulphite concentrations without debilitating side effects. The reproductive performance of female sulphite oxidase-deficient rats, exposed continuously to sulphite from about 3 wk before mating until the experiment was terminated on day 20 of gestation, was compared to that of unexposed rats with normal sulphite oxidase activity. There was no treatment related trend in any of the parameters observed, including mating and pregnancy rates, gestational weight gain, pre-implantation loss, resorbed and dead foetuses, litter size, foetal weight and malformations. Of the spectrum of malformations observed in control and treated animals, only anophthalmia may have been treatment related. From these experiments, performed in an animal model that is a conservative metabolic analogue for man, we have concluded that there is no evidence to indicate that exposure of females to sulphite poses a significant reproductive hazard. PMID- 6540738 TI - Determination of free and protein-bound N-nitrosoproline in nitrite-cured meat products. AB - Levels of nitrosoproline (NPRO) in the urine of subjects on a Western-style free choice diet typically ranged from 1 to 2 ng/ml. Higher levels of NPRO in the urine were associated with the consumption of nitrite-cured meat products. The elevation in NPRO excretion after the consumption of cured meats was not diminished by the concurrent consumption of the nitrosation inhibitor ascorbic acid, indicating the presence of preformed NPRO or some NPRO precursor in the meat. Cured meat samples were analysed for NPRO using methanolic extraction, followed by gas chromatography and nitrosamine quantification by means of a thermal energy analyzer. Levels of NPRO detected in meats were less than those indicated by the amount of NPRO excreted when the same meat was eaten. Digestion of meat samples by proteolytic enzymes sharply increased the amount of NPRO detectable by chemical analysis. Nitrite-cured meat products contained 39-3900 ng total NPRO/g product. Of this amount of NPRO, 3-93% was protein-associated and only detectable after proteolytic digestion. Protein-associated NPRO may represent nitrosated N-terminal proline in proteins or peptides. Such NPRO would not be detectable as free NPRO on direct chemical analysis, but would be released by proteolysis in the digestive tract when the meat is eaten. PMID- 6540740 TI - Intestinal distribution, absorption and secretion of dimethylamine and its biliary and urinary excretion in rats. AB - In the gastro-intestinal tract of male Wistar rats fed a commercial diet containing 23.6 ppm dimethylamine (DMA), the concentration of DMA was highest (11.2 +/- 2.1 ppm) in the stomach and declined towards the lower regions. In contrast, the highest DMA concentration (6.6 +/- 2.5 ppm) was observed in the upper small intestine in rats fed a diet containing only 1.0 ppm DMA. DMA was absorbed in the intestines, and the disappearance curves were monoexponential. The t1/2 values for DMA in the ligated stomach, upper and lower small intestine, caecum and large intestine were 198, 8.3, 11.6, 31.5 and 11.0 min, respectively. The DMA concentration in the blood had increased to 3.0 +/- 1.0 ppm (from a pre injection level of 0.28 +/- 0.06 ppm) 5 min after the injection of 250 micrograms DMA into the ligated upper small intestine. The disappearance curve for DMA in the blood was monoexponential and the t1/2 for the initial 15 min was 12.5 min when 250 micrograms DMA was injected into a femoral vein. The peak concentrations of DMA in the intestine and bile, respectively, were 15.6 +/- 12.6 ppm (at 15 min) and 3.7 +/- 1.9 ppm (at 30 min after the iv injection of DMA). In this 30 min period, urinary DMA increased from 17.3 +/- 9.4 to 139 +/- 23 ppm. These results show that, following ingestion, DMA is absorbed from the intestine into the blood, from which it disappears rapidly, the major part being excreted in the urine while a small proportion is excreted in the bile or secreted into the intestine, where it may be reabsorbed. PMID- 6540739 TI - Inhibition of bovine platelet function by T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol. AB - The aggregation of bovine platelets suspended in homologous plasma is inhibited in the presence of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) or deoxynivalenol (DON) when either collagen or ADP is used as the stimulatory agent for aggregation. For each of the mycotoxins the degree of inhibition is dependent on the amount of trichothecene present in the platelet suspension but is not dependent on the time of exposure of the platelets to the toxin. For both ADP- and collagen-stimulated platelets, the order of potency of inhibition is T-2 toxin greater than HT-2 toxin greater than DAS greater than DON. A significant (P less than 0.01) dose-dependent decrease was also observed in the amount of the thromboxane B2 released from collagen-stimulated platelets in the presence of each of the mycotoxins. PMID- 6540742 TI - A method for determining the maximum tolerated dose for acute in vivo cytogenetic studies. AB - A method for establishing a maximum tolerated dose for use in in vivo cytogenetic studies is proposed. Probit analyses were performed on acute (ip and po) LD50 studies for triethylenemelamine, chlorambucil, methyl methanesulphonate, glycidol, phenol, Triton X-15, and dimethylsulphoxide. The concentrations corresponding to the calculated LD30, LD10 and LD1 values were given both ip and po to groups of female and male rats. Half of the animals in each group were killed about 20 hr after treatment for bone marrow cytogenetic analyses, and body weights were recorded for 10 days for the other half. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) LD50 values and consequently the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) values differ for males and females; (2) the mitotic index is not a reliable indicator of toxicity; (3) the LD1 value approximates the MTD for these compounds; (4) this value and hence the MTD is not a fixed percentage of the LD50 value; (5) body-weight changes appear to be an accurate parameter for determining whether or not an animal received an MTD level. PMID- 6540741 TI - [Relation between the toxicity of molecules of industrial value and their physico chemical properties: test of upper airway irritation applied to 4 chemical groups]. AB - Correlations between molecular structure and a given biological activity have not, as yet, been widely applied to industrial toxicology. After a brief outline of the chief characteristics of the Hansch model and a definition of the selected physico-chemical parameters, this paper presents a study of the quantitative relationship between these parameters and upper-respiratory-tract irritation (determination of the RD50) for four chemical groups: ketones, alcohols, acetates and benzene derivatives. PMID- 6540743 TI - Different oestrogenic responses of ICR, B6D2F1 and B6C3F1 mice given diethylstilboestrol orally. AB - Immature female ICR, B6D2F1 and B6C3F1 mice were each given a total of 0.1 microgram diethylstilboestrol (DES) by stomach intubation over 4 days. Using uterine weight as a measure of oestrogenic response, it was found that the two inbred strains were significantly more sensitive than the ICR mice to DES. PMID- 6540744 TI - Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of four commercial mixtures of insecticides. AB - Male mice (Q strain) were given a single ip injection at the maximum tolerated dose of one of four commercial mixtures of insecticides: Luxan Tue-Taons (150 g dimethoate and 150 g fenitrothion/litre), Metadipterex (210 g trichlorfon and 270 g methyldemeton/litre), Dynafos (155 g malathion, 60 g dichlorvos and 75 g carbaryl/litre) and Phosan Plus (95 g dimethoate, 100 g malathion and 100 g methoxychlor/litre). At the maximum tolerated doses, Luxan Tue-Taons (60 mg/kg), Metadipterex (15 mg/kg), Dynafos (50 mg/kg) and Phosan Plus (100 mg/kg) did not induce chromosome aberrations in bone-marrow cells, spermatogonia or primary spermatocytes of the mice. No evidence of potential genetic effects was obtained in a dominant lethal mutation assay. PMID- 6540745 TI - [Analysis of the effects of meteorological conditions on the subjective complaints of cardiac patients]. PMID- 6540746 TI - [A concept of spa therapy of multiple cerebrospinal sclerosis]. PMID- 6540747 TI - [The incidence of mycobacteria in spa swimming pools]. PMID- 6540748 TI - [Biological aspects of mites in house dust and their significance in allergies to house dust. III]. PMID- 6540749 TI - [Natural therapeutic springs of the Kynzvart Spa]. PMID- 6540750 TI - Hospitals, HCFA clash over PRO quotas. PMID- 6540751 TI - Special section: PPS after the 1st year. PMID- 6540752 TI - Genetic polymorphism of G6PD in a Bulgarian population. AB - Considerable genetic heterogeneity in G6PD was found in the Bulgarian population 14 G6PD variants isolated from 117 hemizygous carriers of G6PD deficiency. Of these, G6PD Mediterranean type was a polymorphic variant and G6PD Corinth occurred with high frequency. Two new variants were identified-G6PD Rudosem and G6PD Nedelino. In a selected group of 78 subjects with clinical manifestations, four variants were established: G6PD Mediterranian, G6PD Corinth, G6PD Seattle and G6PD Ohut II. PMID- 6540753 TI - Breast-feeding and child spacing. PMID- 6540754 TI - Birth weight and natural selection. AB - Differential mortality as a function of birth weight was studied in newborns up to the 1st week of life in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (India). It was found that both selection intensity and selective deaths were higher than in other studies. Furthermore, in the present study the values obtained were higher for female than for male newborns. PMID- 6540756 TI - A surface protein expressed during the transformation of zygotes of Plasmodium gallinaceum is a target of transmission-blocking antibodies. AB - Antibodies against gametes of malarial parasites (Plasmodium spp.) have previously been shown to block infectivity of the parasites to mosquitoes by preventing fertilization of the parasites in the insect midgut. These antibodies did not have any effect on the development of fertilized parasites. We now report that a surface protein of Mr 26,000 synthesized by zygotes of P. gallinaceum is the target of antibodies which block infectivity of the fertilized parasites to mosquitoes. Identification of this target antigen offers a new stage of the parasite against which a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine could be developed. PMID- 6540755 TI - Selection of monoclonal antibody to hCG which localizes in human choriocarcinoma growing in the Syrian hamster cheek pouch. AB - Six different monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) were evaluated for radioimmunodetection in Golden Syrian Hamsters bearing a human choriocarcinoma in the cheek pouch (188-516 mIU of hCG/g). The affinity of three antibodies when determined were high and five of the antibodies were of IgG1 subclass. After i.v. injection of Staphylococcus Protein A (SPA) affinity purified radioiodinated antibodies, tissue distribution studies demonstrated that antibody 061 had higher target-to-nontarget ratios than the other five antibodies. The mean tumor:muscle ratio of 131I-MAb 061 was 27.5 in four animals, where the mean tumor:muscle ratio of four animals injected with 131I-labeled control monoclonal IgG1 Kappa from MOPC-21 murine myeloma (MOPC-21) was only 2.2. Sharp images of the cheek pouch tumor were obtained at five days following a tracer dose of 131I-061 MAb, but not with the same dose of a 131I-MOPC-21. PMID- 6540757 TI - Immunotherapy of murine leukemia. XI. differential susceptibility of spleen cells from serum-protected mice to the in vitro immunosuppressive effects of Friend leukemia virus-infected splenocytes. AB - It has previously been shown that DBA/2 mice protected against the development of Friend leukemia virus (FLV)4-induced disease by the passive administration of heterologous antisera directed against disrupted virions or the major viral envelope glycoprotein (gp71) fail to undergo the generalized immunosuppression which characterizes FLV leukemogenesis. In the present studies, the susceptibility of spleen cells from serum-protected mice to the immunosuppressive effects of FLV-infected spleen cells has been examined by means of in vitro assays of antibody production and of natural killing (NK). In contrast to the parallel suppression of both functions in FLV-infected mice and their lack of suppression in serum-protected animals, a dichotomy was observed in the in vitro susceptibility of these activities of spleen cells from serum-protected mice to the suppressive effects of virus-infected splenocytes, implying that more than one mechanism of suppression is operative. Thus, the antibody-producing capability of serum-protected splenocytes was not suppressed by FLV-infected spleen cells, this suppression reflecting the activity of infectious virus, while the NK effector function of serum-protected spleen cells was as susceptible as that of normal splenocytes to suppression by virus-infected spleen cells. This suppression of NK activity is mediated by virus-induced suppressor cells and does not involve free infectious virus, in contrast to suppression of antibody production. These results thus indicate that, while serum therapy inhibits the development of the virus-induced NK suppressor cells found in the spleens of progressively infected mice, splenic NK effectors, which are present, demonstrate full susceptibility to the suppressive effects of such independently generated virus-induced suppressor cells. Preliminary attempts at characterizing these NK suppressors in the spleens of FLV-infected mice indicate that they are not eliminated by treatment with antisera directed against T cells, B cells, macrophages or FLV gp71. However, Percoll fractionation of spleen cells from infected mice has revealed the presence of an expanded (as compared to normal spleen cells) population of cells of density 1.077 which demonstrates high in vitro NK suppressor activity, presumably representing the virus-induced suppressor cells measured in this assay. At the present time, the mechanism of the resistance of serum-protected spleen cells' antibody production to suppression by FLV-infected splenocytes (i.e., by FLV itself) remains undefined. PMID- 6540758 TI - Transient electromechanical dissociation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - We describe a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who experienced several episodes of syncopal attacks, in whom the mechanism was transient electromechanical dissociation. PMID- 6540759 TI - Granulomatous hypersensitivity and antibody production in response to antigens of Capillaria hepatica eggs. PMID- 6540760 TI - Choroidal microvascular repair after argon laser photocoagulation. Ultrastructural observations. AB - Acute laser injury to the tapetum of the feline retina produces thrombosis of the choriocapillaris. Early changes are characterized by the appearance of platelet fibrin thrombi within capillary loops and disruption of endothelial integrity. By 4 days, thrombi have disappeared, and the endothelium shows regenerative changes. No endothelial cell mitotic activity is seen. The endothelial cytoplasm becomes plump, and there is a loss of the fenestrations adjacent to Bruch's membrane. By 10-20 days, the capillary structure shows gradual restoration. At 30 days, endothelial cell fenestrae are clearly evident adjacent to Bruch's membrane. The reparative process in this model appears to evolve as a result of thrombolysis and endothelial cell activation. PMID- 6540762 TI - [The possibilities of separating spermatozoa]. AB - Some methods for the separation of spermatozoa are described, with the aim of: 1. Increasing the "quality" of seminal parameters in subfertile men 2. Separating spermatozoa containing X and Y chromosomes 3. Deleting spermatozoa containing certain genetic information. Mainly gravimetric methods were used and concentration of motile spermatozoa was obtained, but the sperm density was always diminished. None of the methods used so far has been able to increase the fertility index or change the sex proportion of children born after artificial insemination. PMID- 6540761 TI - Identification of synergistic combinations of spirogermanium with 5-fluorouracil or cisplatin using a range of human tumour cell lines in vitro. AB - A series of continuous human tumour cell lines, derived from various tumour types, were used to establish whether the combination of spirogermanium (SP) with other 'standard' antitumour drugs proved superior to these as single agents in reducing cell survival in vitro. A non-cytotoxic concentration of SP was selected and when combined with a range of concentrations of cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), definite synergistic cell kill was noted in all lines tested. In contrast, the combination of SP with various other antitumor drugs, including adriamycin, methotrexate and the vinca alkaloids and with X-irradiation did not enhance cytotoxicity. These pre-clinical in vitro studies suggest that benefit may accrue from combining SP with either 5-FU or cisplatin and provide a basis for their clinical evaluation in colo-rectal tumours or transitional cell cancer of the bladder, respectively. PMID- 6540763 TI - A phase II study of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and 5-fluorouracil in advanced upper aerodigestive neoplasms. AB - Thirty patients with advanced head and neck cancer of diverse histologies received the combination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) (100 mg/m2) and 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) (1,000 mg/m2/24 hours X 4 days) at 3-4 week intervals. Among all study participants, the median time to progression was 3.9 months and the median survival was 7.2 months. Among 20 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, we observed five objective regressions (25%). None of the responders had prior chemotherapy; four had extensive prior radiation therapy. Among 10 patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma neoplasms, we detected three objective responses (30%). Histopathology of the responding patients included poorly differentiated sarcoma, anaplastic carcinoma, and malignant mixed parotid tumor. Significant gastrointestinal toxicities included moderate-to-severe nausea (60%), vomiting (43%), and stomatitis (57%). Leukopenia (less than 4,000 cells/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (less than 130,000 cells/mm3) affected 78% and 41% of patients, respectively, without sepsis or hemorrhage. PMID- 6540764 TI - Misonidazole-glutathione conjugates in CHO cells. AB - Misonidazole, after reduction to the hydroxylamine derivative, reacts with glutathione (GSH) under physiological conditions. The reaction product has been identified as a mixture of two isomeric conjugates. When water soluble extracts of CHO cells exposed to misonidazole under hypoxic conditions are subjected to HPLC analysis, misonidazole derivatives, having the same chromatographic properties as the GSH-MISO conjugates, were detected. The identity of the synthetic and cellular products was further confirmed by identification of the amine derivative of misonidazole after desulfurization with Raney Nickel. When CHO cells were incubated with misonidazole in the presence of added GSH, a substantial increase in the amount of the conjugate was detected. When extracts of CHO cells exposed to misonidazole under hypoxia were subsequently exposed to GSH, an increased formation of the conjugate was observed. A rearrangement product of the hydroxylamine derivative of misonidazole is postulated as the reactive intermediate responsible for the formation of the conjugate. PMID- 6540765 TI - Role of the adenylate energy charge in the response of Chinese hamster ovary cells to radiation. AB - Steady-state modification of the adenylate energy charge (EC; ATP + 1/2ADP/ATP + ADP + AMP) in aerobic Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was achieved with a combination of rotenone and 2-deoxy glucose (2dG). Neither agent significantly affected the EC by itself. All incubations were in Eagle's minimum essential medium containing 15% fetal bovine serum. The radiation response of these cells was not significantly affected by this treatment when cells were irradiated either one or three hours after addition of the drugs, and held in the presence of the inhibitors for one hour after irradiation. The ability of cells to repair radiation-induced single-strand breaks was studied by the alkaline elution method. Energy depleted cells repaired single-strand breaks at a slightly slower rate than the controls. However, thymidine incorporation was also inhibited, suggesting that repair may still have preceded events leading to the fixation of that damage (e.g., DNA replication). PMID- 6540766 TI - Radiosensitization by diamide at low radiation doses. AB - In vitro studies in this laboratory indicated that at low radiation doses (0-3 Gy), sensitization by misonidazole diminishes. We have suggested that this results from a failure of misonidazole to enhance effectively the single-hit or alpha component of cell inactivation. Our low dose assay uses a partially automated microscopic analysis procedure which scores both surviving and killed cells. If enough cells are scored, this assay provides much better accuracy at low doses than the conventional assay. Recently, we have applied our low dose assay to a study of sensitization by diamide. This was done, in part, as a test of our assay system, since many investigators have shown that diamide substantially reduces the shoulder of the hypoxic cell survival curve. At high doses (D = 6.5 to 10 Gy, S = 0.1 to 0.01) we obtained for 150 microM diamide an enhancement ratio (ER) of 2.6 for hypoxic cells and 1.1 for aerobic cells. At low doses, 0-2.5 Gy, diamide still sensitized hypoxic cells well; with 150 microM diamide, the ER at 1 Gy (S = 0.8) was 2.0, about equal to the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) at this dose. The fact that diamide shows good sensitization at low doses with our assay adds to the credibility of the assay and reduces the likelihood that our observations with misonidazole are an artifact of our system. PMID- 6540767 TI - The effect of combination treatment with cis-platinum and low dose rate 125I radiation in a murine brachytherapy model. AB - We studied the effect of combination treatment with cis-platinum during low dose rate irradiation from 125I sources in the RIF-1 murine flank tumor model. Cell survival measured with a colony forming efficiency assay was used as the experimental endpoint. Sources implanted into tumors delivered 25 Gy of radiation to isodosed annuli of tissue at a dose rate of 1.3 Gy/hr. When 3 mg/kg of cis platinum was administered 24, 12, and 1 hr before or 0, 12 and 24 hr after irradiation, the effect on cell kill was additive. Thus in the RIF-1 model there is no particular advantage gained by treatment with the combinations of cis platinum and 125I radiation used in these studies. PMID- 6540769 TI - Hepatoencephalopathy associated with patent ductus venosus in a cat. PMID- 6540768 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies to confirm vaccine-induced rabies in ten dogs, two cats, and one fox. AB - A panel of 8 monoclonal antibodies to rabies glycoprotein antigen was used to characterize the modified-live virus vaccines marketed in the United States during the last 10 years. Thirteen of 14 rabies virus isolates from 11 dogs, 2 cats, and 1 fox suspected of developing vaccine-induced rabies were shown to have reactivity patterns that were identical to the vaccine administered. Reactivity patterns for 20 rabies isolates from human beings, wild animals, or domestic animals with no history of recent vaccination with modified-live virus rabies vaccine were different from those obtained for vaccines. PMID- 6540770 TI - A prospective study of the relationship between semen quality and fertility in cases of unexplained infertility. AB - The male partners of 68 couples exhibiting 5.1 +/- 0.3 (SEM) years of unexplained infertility were assessed using the conventional criteria of semen quality, the movement characteristics of the spermatozoa and the outcome of the zona-free hamster egg penetration test. After a follow-up period of 2.3 +/- 0.06 (SEM) years, 25 (37%) of these patients were found to have initiated a pregnancy, thereby permitting an analysis of those aspects of semen quality which most accurately predicted their subsequent fertility. A multivariate discriminant analysis revealed that the conventional semen profile, per se, was not of significant value in discriminating the incidence of pregnancy. However, significant discrimination (P = 0.0173) was obtained when the postcapacitation movement characteristics of the spermatozoa were incorporated into the analysis. The accuracy of this prognosis was further increased if either the duration of infertility or the outcome of the zona-free hamster egg penetration test was taken into consideration. Overall classifications of fertility were then 76.3% and 76.5% accurate, respectively. These results suggest that in vitro assessments of human sperm function are of significant value in evaluating male fertility. PMID- 6540771 TI - In-vitro susceptibility of salmonellae to antimicrobial agents. AB - The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of various antimicrobial drugs, for 667 strains of Salmonella, isolated in three different continents of the world, were determined: 17 antibiotics were tested against 506 randomly selected and 161 chloramphenicol-resistant strains. The activity of the monobactam aztreonam against these organisms was in general equal or superior to that observed with the third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime and ceftazidime. Furthermore aztreonam and cefotaxime exhibited uniform and high activity against all the salmonella strains tested, irrespective of their chloramphenicol resistance. Ceftazidime was found to have higher geometric mean MICs only for non-typhi salmonellae from Peru. PMID- 6540772 TI - Cerulenin resistance in a cerulenin-producing fungus. III. Studies on active-site peptides of fatty acid synthetase from Cephalosporium caerulens. AB - Active-site peptides of acetyl transferase, condensing enzyme and acyl carrier protein in the neighborhood of the prosthetic group, 4'-phosphopantetheine, of Cephalosporium caerulens fatty acid synthetase were investigated. The enzyme was reacted with [14C]acetyl-CoA or [14C]iodoacetamide. 14C-Labeled enzyme was digested with pepsin, trypsin or both. 14C-Labeled peptides were isolated by several purification procedures. The amino acid sequence of the active site of condensing enzyme was determined to be Tyr-Gln-Val-Glu-Ser-Cys-Pro-Ile-Leu-Glu Gly-Lys and that of acetyl transferase was Phe-Ser-Gly-Ala-Thr-Gly-His-Ser-Gln Gly. The amino acid composition around the 4'-phosphopantetheine-carrying serine was determined to be Asx2, Thr, Ser, Glx3, Gly2, Ala, Ile, Leu3, and Lys. When these active-site peptides were compared with those of Saccharomyces cerevisiae synthetase, a high degree of homology was observed in the active-site peptides of the acetyl transferase and acyl carrier protein domains. However, that of the condensing enzyme domain gave lower homology. These findings may support the assumption that the low reactivity of cerulenin with C. caerulens synthetase is a consequence of the structure of the condensing enzyme domain. PMID- 6540773 TI - Diurnal rhythm of rat liver mRNAs encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Correlation of functional and total mRNA levels with enzyme activity and protein. AB - Rat liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase exhibits a diurnal rhythm of activity which coincides with a diurnal rhythm of reductase protein and reductase mRNA levels. This diurnal rhythm of reductase activity, polypeptide mass, and mRNA exists in rats fed a normal diet (unsupplemented rat chow) and in rats fed a diet supplemented with cholestyramine plus or minus mevinolin. Levels of reductase protein were determined by 8 M urea/sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Reductase mRNA was measured by in vitro translation or blot hybridization of liver RNA. Functional reductase mRNA levels in rats fed a normal diet were approximately 10-fold higher during the middle of the dark cycle than during the middle of the light cycle. Maximum induction of functional reductase mRNA was observed in rats fed cholestyramine and mevinolin. This latter level was 157-fold higher than the level measured at the diurnal low point in rats fed a normal diet. Blot hybridization of liver RNA showed two predominant mRNAs of 4.6 and 4.2 kilobase pairs and a minor species at 6.9 kilobase pairs. These mRNAs exhibited a diurnal rhythm for rats on all three diets and reached peak levels during the 12-h dark period. These data indicate that the diurnal rhythm of reductase mass and activity is closely paralleled by the level of its mRNA. PMID- 6540774 TI - Steady state length distribution of F-actin under controlled fragmentation and mechanism of length redistribution following fragmentation. AB - Under controlled levels of fragmentation by sonication in the presence of ATP, actin filaments reached different length distributions corresponding to different steady states of polymerization. When the sonication was interrupted, a spontaneous decrease in the number of filaments and corresponding increase in length was observed. The kinetics of the process of length redistribution subsequent to fragmentation was studied for the simpler case of F-actin filaments at equilibrium in the presence of ADP. Analysis of the data shows that a diffusion-like random walk mechanism of length redistribution quantitatively accounts for the observations much better than the previously proposed end-to-end reannealing of filaments. The involvement of this process in the kinetics of actin polymerization and in establishing the length distribution at steady state is discussed. PMID- 6540775 TI - Photochemical cross-linking of the Escherichia coli single-stranded DNA-binding protein to oligodeoxynucleotides. Identification of phenylalanine 60 as the site of cross-linking. AB - The single-stranded DNA-binding proteins from bacteriophage T4, F plasmid, Escherichia coli, and calf thymus can all be covalently cross-linked in vitro to thymine oligonucleotides by irradiating the respective protein-oligonucleotide complexes with ultraviolet light. More extensive studies on the E. coli single stranded DNA-binding protein (SSB) indicate that this reaction is dependent upon both the length of the oligonucleotide and the dose of ultraviolet irradiation. Using anion-exchange and reverse-phase ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography we have isolated a specific cross-linked tryptic peptide comprising residues 57-62 of the SSB protein with the sequence valine-valine leucine-phenylalanine-glycine-lysine. Solid-phase sequence analysis of the covalent [32P] p(dT)8-peptide complex indicates that phenylalanine 60 is the site of cross-linking. This amino acid is located within the general region of SSB (residues 1-115) that has previously been shown to contain the DNA-binding site (Williams, K. R., Spicer, E. K., LoPresti, M. B., Guggenheimer, R. A., and Chase, J. W. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3346-3355). The high-performance liquid chromatography purification procedure we have devised to isolate cross-linked peptide-oligonucleotide complexes should be of general applicability and should facilitate future structure/function studies on other nucleic acid-binding proteins. PMID- 6540776 TI - An isoelectric variant of the 150,000-dalton neurofilament polypeptide. Evidence that phosphorylation state affects its association with the filament. AB - A soluble isoelectric variant of the 150,000-dalton neurofilament protein was isolated from bovine brain by treating a partially purified filament preparation with a low-ionic-strength high-pH buffer. The protein (S150) had similar peptide maps to the neurofilament component of the same molecular weight (NF150) and was recognized by a polyclonal antibody made against the NF150 polypeptide. However, only half the anti-NF150 activity could be removed with the S150 protein. In addition, the S150 protein had a higher isoelectric point than the NF150 protein. Phosphate analysis indicated that the S150 protein was considerably lessened in phosphate content, which could account for the higher isoelectric point of the protein. It appears, therefore, that the S150 protein may be a precursor of NF150 or the result of phosphatase activity during the isolation procedure. Assembly studies showed that the S150 protein, unlike the NF150 protein, could not assemble with the 70-kDa neurofilament protein, indicating that the phosphate groups which were removed are important in the association of this protein to the neurofilament. When filaments containing all three triplet neurofilament polypeptides or those composed of the 70- and 150-kDa neurofilament proteins were subjected to acid phosphatase, a soluble fraction was obtained, which contained isoelectric variants with higher pI values than the NF150 polypeptide. Only unmodified NF150 protein was found in the insoluble fraction. These results support the argument that removal of phosphate groups results in the dissociation of this protein from the filament. PMID- 6540777 TI - The Chinese hamster ovary glycosylation mutants LEC11 and LEC12 express two novel GDP-fucose:N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase enzymes. AB - Evidence is presented that the GDP-fucose:N-acetyl-glucosaminide 3-alpha-L fucosyltransferase activities of two Chinese hamster ovary glycosylation mutants, LEC11 and LEC12, are structurally distinct enzymes. The alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase in LEC12 cell extracts binds to GDP-hexanolamine Sepharose and is unaffected by 3 mM N-ethylmaleimide. In contrast, the alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase activity in LEC11 cells does not bind readily to GDP hexanolamine-Sepharose and is completely inhibited by 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide. The LEC11 and LEC12 alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferases also differ in the degree to which they are stimulated by divalent cations as well as in their abilities to fucosylate a variety of exogenous substrates. Of particular interest is the finding that the LEC11 alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase adds fucose to certain sialylated glycoproteins, whereas the LEC12 enzyme is essentially unable to fucosylate these acceptors, although it is very active with their desialylated derivatives. The combined evidence shows that the LEC11 and LEC12 alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase enzymes are different molecules and presumably, therefore, the products of distinct genes. In addition, neither of the enzymes appears identical to any of the previously described alpha(1,3)fucosyltransferase activities from other sources. PMID- 6540778 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a beta-glucan fragment that elicits phytoalexin accumulation in soybean. AB - The synthesis of phytoalexins (antibiotics) in plant cells is induced by molecules called elicitors. Partial acid hydrolysis of mycelial walls of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea solubilized a multicomponent mixture of elicitor-active and elicitor-inactive oligoglucosides. One elicitor-active and seven elicitor-inactive hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitols were purified by gel-filtration, normal-phase partition, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography after reduction with NaBH4. The elicitor-active and all but one of the elicitor inactive hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitols consisted of 3-, 6-, and 3,6 linked glucopyranosyl residues. The eighth hexa (beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D glucitol consisted of beta-4-linked glucopyranosyl residues. The similarity of the structural characteristics of six of the elicitor-inactive hexa(beta-D glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitols to the elicitor-active hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D glucitol suggested that a highly specific carbohydrate structure was required for elicitor activity. PMID- 6540779 TI - Synthesis of a glucoheptaose and a glucooctaose that elicit phytoalexin accumulation in soybean. AB - The glucoheptaose 1 and the glucooctaose 2 have been synthesized using unambiguous methods. The former is identical with an elicitor-active heptasaccharide obtained from partially hydrolyzed mycelium of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. The octasaccharide is also elicitor active, although to a lesser extent than the heptasaccharide. 1:R = H; 2:R = beta-D-Glcp. (Formula: see text) PMID- 6540780 TI - Sectional analysis of tumor colony growth in the soft-agar assay: effects of oxygen. AB - Soft-agar clonogenicity of L1210 mouse leukemia cells and of xenografts of a human melanoma and a carcinoma of the cervix was studied sectionally by the sizes of the colonies grown under hypoxic gradients and aerobic condition. Soft-agar plating efficiency was increased in cultured L1210 cells with decreasing oxygen concentrations. The growth of both cultured L1210 cells and their BDF1 ascites was better in 5% oxygen than in 20% oxygen. Although soft-agar colony development of both melanoma and cervical carcinoma was significantly better in 5% oxygen, the former has a secondary preference for a hypoxic atmosphere and the latter, for an aerobic condition. PMID- 6540781 TI - Study of retinol-binding protein in pancreatic cancer. AB - Serum RBP, prealbumin, and zinc were evaluated in normal subjects and patients with pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. A significant decrease of RPB was found in pancreatic cancer patients compared with controls. A concomitant reduction of prealbumin and zinc was also observed. Multiple regression analysis suggested that the modification of RBP serum levels might be accounted for mainly by diminished prealbumin levels, while the direct role of zinc is negligible. PMID- 6540782 TI - Immunologic response to the treatment of Ehrlich ascites tumor with titanocene dichloride. AB - After treatment of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) with titanocene dichloride, it could be shown (a) that all cured animals were able to reject EAT cells implanted subsequently and (b) that in the serum of these animals the contents of gamma-globulins was markedly increased, whereas after treatment with cis-platinum both the ability to reject EAT cells and the increase of gamma globulins were less pronounced. It is supposed that the observed increase of gamma-globulins is due to a stimulated production of antibodies against EAT. PMID- 6540783 TI - Polymerization of ADP-actin. AB - Using hexokinase, glucose, and ATP to vary reversibly the concentrations of ADP and ATP in solution and bound to Acanthamoeba actin, I measured the relative critical concentrations and elongation rate constants for ATP-actin and ADP-actin in 50 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1 mM EGTA, 0.1 mM nucleotide, 0.1 mM CaCl2, 10 mM imidazole, pH 7. By both steady-state and elongation rate methods, the critical concentrations are 0.1 microM for ATP-actin and 5 microM for ADP-actin. Consequently, a 5 microM solution of actin can be polymerized, depolymerized, and repolymerized by simply cycling from ATP to ADP and back to ATP. The critical concentrations differ, because the association rate constant is 10 times higher and the dissociation rate constant is five times lower for ATP-actin than ADP actin. These results show that ATP-actin occupies both ends of actin filaments growing in ATP. The bound ATP must be split on internal subunits and the number of terminal subunits with bound ATP probably depends on the rate of growth. PMID- 6540784 TI - A 45,000-mol-wt protein from unfertilized sea urchin eggs severs actin filaments in a calcium-dependent manner and increases the steady-state concentration of nonfilamentous actin. AB - A 45,000-mol-wt protein has been purified from unfertilized sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) eggs. The isolation scheme includes DEAE cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The homogeneity of the isolated protein is greater than 90% by SDS PAGE. The 45,000-mol-wt protein reduces the viscosity of actin filaments in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The free calcium concentration required for the activity of this protein is in the micromolar range. Electron microscopic studies reveal that the formation of short filaments parallels the decrease in viscosity. Energy transfer and sedimentation experiments indicate a net disassembly of actin filaments and an increase in the steady-state nonfilamentous actin concentration in the presence of Ca2+ ions and the 45,000-mol-wt protein. The increase in the steady-state nonfilamentous actin concentration is proportional to the amount of 45,000-mol-wt protein added. The actin molecules disassembled by the addition of the 45,000-mol-wt protein are capable of polymerization. PMID- 6540785 TI - Interaction of fluorescently-labeled contractile proteins with the cytoskeleton in cell models. AB - To determine if a living cell is necessary for the incorporation of actin, alpha actinin, and tropomyosin into the cytoskeleton, we have exposed cell models to fluorescently labeled contractile proteins. In this in vitro system, lissamine rhodamine-labeled actin bound to attachment plaques, ruffles, cleavage furrows and stress fibers, and the binding could not be blocked by prior exposure to unlabeled actin. Fluorescently labeled alpha-actinin also bound to ruffles, attachment plaques, cleavage furrows, and stress fibers. The periodicity of fluorescent alpha-actinin along stress fibers was wider in gerbil fibroma cells than it was in PtK2 cells. The fluorescent alpha-actinin binding in cell models could not be blocked by the prior addition of unlabeled alpha-actinin suggesting that alpha-actinin was binding to itself. While there was only slight binding of fluorescent tropomyosin to the cytoskeleton of interphase cells, there was stronger binding in furrow regions of models of dividing cells. The binding of fluorescently labeled tropomyosin could be blocked by prior exposure of the cell models to unlabeled tropomyosin. If unlabeled actin was permitted to polymerize in the stress fibers in cell models, fluorescently labeled tropomyosin stained the fibers. In contrast to the labeled contractile proteins, fluorescently labeled ovalbumin and BSA did not stain any elements of the cytoskeleton. Our results are discussed in terms of the structure and assembly of stress fibers and cleavage furrows. PMID- 6540786 TI - Decreased cortical glucose utilization after ibotenate lesion of the rat ventromedial globus pallidus. AB - Rats received unilateral injections of ibotenic acid (12 micrograms) or vehicle in the ventromedial globus pallidus to lesion the primary source of cortical cholinergic innervation. At 3 or 28-32 days postinjection, the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (rCMRglu) was measured by the 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose technique in nine cortical areas, the anterior thalamus, and the dorsal hippocampus. Effects of oxotremorine (0.1 mg/kg i.p.) on rCMRglu in these areas were assessed in ibotenic acid-lesioned and sham-treated rats. Significant effects of ibotenic acid injections and hemispheric asymmetries in rCMRglu were observed in all cortical areas (p less than or equal to 0.05), but not in the anterior thalamus or hippocampus. Cortical rCMRglu generally was lower in the lesioned hemisphere 3 days after ibotenic acid injections, but not after sham treatments. Hemispheric asymmetries were not apparent 28-32 days after pallidal lesions. Oxotremorine produced significant effects in the frontoparietal cortex and anterior thalamic nuclei. In the frontoparietal cortex, rCMRglu was 32% lower in the ibotenate-lesioned hemisphere as compared with the contralateral hemisphere. Oxotremorine did not eliminate hemispheric asymmetry, but increased rCMRglu in the lesioned frontoparietal cortex by 38%. Results support the views that cortical metabolic decrements in Alzheimer's disease are due in part to loss of subcortical cholinergic innervation and that muscarinic agonists may partially reverse these decrements. PMID- 6540787 TI - Haemorrheological effects of prostaglandin E1 infusion in Raynaud's syndrome. AB - Eighteen patients with severe Raynaud's syndrome had impaired deformability of erythrocytes, as measured by filtration through 5 micron diameter pores, compared with 19 healthy controls. The patients were given prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) or placebo by intravenous infusion for 72 h to assess the haemorrheological action of PGE1. Contrary to a previous report, PGE1 did not improve erythrocyte filterability. Infusion of PGE1 did, however, evoke an acute phase response with hyperproteinaemia and a leucocytosis and is a potentially important mediator of this stress response in patients with vascular disease. PMID- 6540789 TI - Plasma zinc and copper levels of infants fed different milk formulas. AB - The plasma zinc and copper levels of 32 full-term healthy infants, aged 3-4 months, using different infant formulas, were measured. The plasma zinc levels of infants using soy formula (45.1 +/- 19.1 micrograms/dl) and iron-fortified cow's milk formula (61.6 +/- 12.9 micrograms/dl) were significantly lower than those of the infants using cow's milk formula not fortified with iron (77.5 +/- 13.4 micrograms/dl). The plasma copper levels of the infants using the different formulas were not significantly different from each other. Fortification of infant formulas with high levels of iron may reduce the zinc absorption from such formulas. PMID- 6540788 TI - Consumption of fibrinolytic proteins in menstrual fluid from women with normal menstrual blood loss. AB - Fibrinolytic proteins in menstrual fluid collected from women with normal menstrual blood loss (less than 80 ml) were found to be completely exhausted. High levels of tissue plasminogen activator, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, and plasmin-inhibitor complexes were present, but little fibrinolytically active plasmin remained. No difference was observed between days 1 and 2 of menstruation. PMID- 6540790 TI - [Senile macular degeneration and its treatment]. PMID- 6540791 TI - Influence of photoperiodism on testicular function and sebaceous glands in Syrian hamster. AB - The photoperiod (i.e., the daylight fraction of the 24-h day and its seasonal changes) influences the annual cycle of many mammalian species. Especially the Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), which is an appropriate animal model to investigate the sebaceous gland activity, shows a strong photoperiodism controlling the sexual development as well as the function of androgen-controlled organs such as sebaceous glands. Short photoperiods with accompanying long dark periods lead to a sexual regression while long photoperiods stimulate the recrudescence. In light-physiologic studies Syrian hamsters were exposed to different light schedules. The daily light exposure was increased from 8 to 12, 13, 14, and 16 h. Sebaceous gland areas, weight of testes and accessory glands, tubular areas, and plasma levels of testosterone were determined. Syrian hamsters are sexually stimulated at a daily light exposure of 14 h. Below this light threshold the sexual regression begins. At a light schedule of 8 h the testes shrink, plasma testosterone levels and sebaceous gland areas show a significant reduction ("photoperiodic castration"). Therefore, in experiments of androgen controlled organs of the Syrian hamster a minimum daily light period of 14 or 16 h is necessary for a sufficient testicular function and therefore for an effective stimulation of the sebaceous gland activity. Control animals of the same age and the same light schedule should be required to avoid pitfalls of photoperiodic effects. PMID- 6540792 TI - Erythromycin in the treatment of otitis media with effusion (OME). AB - Previous studies have shown erythromycin to penetrate into both the middle-ear effusion and the adenoid tissue in children with Otitis Media with Effusion (OME). The levels obtained were similar to the plasma levels. Cultures in long standing cases of OME have yielded respiratory pathogens--Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Branhamella catarrhalis--in the nasopharynx in 79 per cent and in the middle-ear effusion in 18 per cent. In the present investigation a group of children with OME of more than three months' duration were given erythromycin (Abboticin) in standard dosage for the last 10 days prior to scheduled operation (paracentesis or tympanostomy). Resolution was determined as normalization of the middle ear status, and this led to cancellation of surgery. The rate of resolution--12/26 (45 per cent)--was significantly higher than in a similar group of children not treated with erythromycin--11/72 (15 per cent). There are thus rational reasons for using erythromycin in OME, in many cases as an alternative to tympanostomy. PMID- 6540793 TI - Water sodium, urinary electrolytes, and blood pressure of adolescents. AB - Blood pressure measurements were made on children in their fourth year at secondary schools in parts of Scunthorpe Health District supplied with drinking water of varying sodium content. Of the 3131 children, 2740 were examined (1394 boys and 1346 girls). Boys had slightly higher systolic pressures and slightly lower diastolic pressures than the girls. There was no difference between the blood pressure distributions of children in areas supplied with water containing 105 mg/l sodium, 50 mg/l sodium, or less than 15 mg/l sodium. Small differences were found in the weights of children in these areas, and slightly more of the children in the area supplied with water containing more than 105 mg/l sodium had relatives who had been treated for hypertension. Standardisation for these factors did not show any relation between water salinity and either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Studies of the urinary sodium, potassium, and the ratios of these to creatinine on a sample of 769 boys showed no correlation with assessments of usual sodium intake, but urinary sodium correlated well with salt and fluid intake at the meal immediately preceding examination. The relation between median blood pressure and urinary sodium concentration and lack of a clear relation with sodium creatinine ratio supports the hypothesis that it may be the ratio of salt to fluid intake rather than total dietary sodium that is relevant to the regulation of blood pressure. PMID- 6540794 TI - Structural basis of the activation wave in the egg of Xenopus laevis. AB - A series of changes in the surface of activated Xenopus eggs was observed. Within a few seconds of prick activation a light area appears near the pricking point and expands as a circular light zone (light wave). Some 60 s later this is followed by a dark area expanding as a circular dark zone (dark wave). Both waves travel at a rate of about 9 micron/s at 21 degrees C. In the light zone, cortical granules are breaking down, microvilli are elongating, and the egg surface is expanded. On the other hand, the elongated microvilli are reshortening to become globular and the egg surface is contracted in the dark zone. PMID- 6540795 TI - Changes in actin distribution during fertilization of the mouse egg. AB - Unfertilized mouse oocytes and eggs 1-8 h after fertilization in vitro were examined at the light microscope level for structural changes, distribution of actin (as assessed by both antiactin antibodies and NBD-phallicidin), surface binding of concanavalin A (Con A) and chromosomal distribution and condensation. The influence of cytochalasin D on these events was also assessed. Changes in actin distribution were associated with rotation of the second anaphase spindle, formation of the second polar body, the events following incorporation of the sperm nucleus, and formation and migration of the pronuclei. Cytochalasin D prevented spindle rotation, polar body formation, pronuclear migration and the restoration of Con A binding over the site of sperm entry and the site of polar body formation, but did not affect sperm fusion and entry, the loss of Con A binding at the site of sperm entry and pronuclear formation. PMID- 6540796 TI - [Detection of seromucous otitis in school by tympanometry. What should be considered?]. PMID- 6540797 TI - The molecular length of measles virus RNA and the structural organization of measles nucleocapsids. AB - Full-length measles virus RNA molecules isolated from purified virions or nucleocapsids and examined by electron microscopy were 5.12(+/- 0.12) micron in length, corresponding to a molecular weight of 5.2 (+/- 0.1) X 10(6). Purified virions examined by negative staining in the electron microscope exhibited a pleomorphic range of particle sizes varying in diameter between 300 nm and 1000 nm. Purified nucleocapsids had dimensions of 21 nm (diameter) X 1254(+/- 7) nm (length) and a central core of diameter about 5 nm. Full-length nucleocapsids were composed of 204 (+/- 3) protein discs. The pitch of the nucleocapsid helix was calculated to be 6.1 nm and the helix angle, alpha, to be 8 degrees 16'. Approximate volume calculations indicate that each enveloped virus particle contains multiple nucleocapsids. PMID- 6540798 TI - Actin-based gelation of cytoplasmic extracts from brain tissue. AB - Incubation of rat brain cytoplasmic extracts under the conditions described in this paper results in the formation of three-dimensional gels. Ultrastructurally, these gels correspond to complex supramolecular structures formed by single microfilaments and by microfilament bundles. Analysis of protein composition indicates that cytoplasmic gels are composed of actin and several associated proteins. Among the latter class of components, we have identified polypeptides with molecular weights of 55,000 (55K), 140,000 (140K), and a set of two or three polypeptides with molecular weights in the range of 235,000-245,000 (235-245K). The 55K and 140K components do not seem to correspond to any previously identified actin-associated proteins, while the 235-245K polypeptides may correspond to the protein known as fodrin. PMID- 6540799 TI - Fine structural observations of neurofilamentous changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Twenty-two of 32 sporadic cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis had argyrophilic spheroids, 20 micrometers or larger, in the anterior horns of the spinal cords. The fine structure of these spherical bodies was characterized by interwoven, small bundles of 10 nm neurofilaments. Scattered mitochondria, vesicles and fragments of smooth endoplasmic reticulum were commonly found among the bundles of neurofilaments. The spheroids were present not only in the myelinated axons, but also in the perikarya of the anterior horn cells. In anterior horn neurons occasional fragments of rough endoplasmic reticulum, lipofuscin and even nuclei were found among the neurofilaments, in addition to the other components. Rarely, some filamentous accumulations contained unusual features such as paracrystalline arrays, polyglucosan bodies and honeycomb-like structures. Linear densities, associated with ribosome-like particles, were found scattered within focal collections of randomly arranged neurofilaments in some perikarya of two cases. Occasional mitochondria with regularly arranged short protrusions on the outer membrane were observed in the myelinated axons in one case. PMID- 6540800 TI - Fine structural study of neurofibrillary changes in a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions in the soma and swollen, cord-like cell processes are characteristic alterations of the anterior horn cells in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with posterior column and spinocerebellar tract involvement. A fine structural analysis of these two structures has been performed in two brothers from a family ("C" family) previously described by Kurland and Mulder in 1955. The perikaryal hyaline inclusions consisted of accumulations of randomly oriented neurofilaments interspersed with thick linear densities associated with granular material. Some of the accumulations showed a central condensation. Cord-like, swollen neuronal processes were composed, for the most part, of numerous neurofilaments arranged parallel to the long axes. Dense structures were sometimes observed within the large bundles of filaments. They were composed of ill-defined dense, granular and fibrillar material associated with scattered vesicles and mitochondria. These dense areas were sometimes surrounded by various amounts of fine filaments, approximately 5 nm in diameter. PMID- 6540801 TI - Postoperative evaluation of penetrating hepatic trauma and complications. AB - Postoperative hepatobiliary scintigraphy is recommended in selected cases of hepatic trauma to evaluate the integrity and patency of the biliary system. We present a patient with a traumatic hematoma that eventuated in a biloma with spontaneous biliary-cutaneous fistula. Repeat study demonstrated biliary obstruction at the canalicular level, which by more invasive imaging was found secondary to total obstruction of the common hepatic duct. The precise anatomical level and cause of his obstruction were defined by the findings of endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the pancreas, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, and surgery. PMID- 6540802 TI - Visualization of hepatic adenoma with Tc-99m di-isopropyl IDA. AB - A case of hepatic adenoma is reported, presenting as a defect on sulfur colloid liver image and visualized on a biliary scintigram. Although biliary imaging in the evaluation of sulfur colloid defects may be of value in selected patients, combination imaging in this case could not distinguish a benign from a malignant process. PMID- 6540803 TI - Observation of an intraoval precipitin (IOP) reaction in Schistosoma mansoni eggs. PMID- 6540804 TI - Fetal razor: an aid for scalp sampling. AB - Scalp sampling to evaluate fetal acid-base status was introduced 20 years ago. In most instances, adequate samples may be obtained without difficulty. Occasionally, however, a region of scalp free of hair cannot be found. As a result, the sample either diffuses along the hairs that are present or clots. Although a "fetal razor" has been incorporated into the kits that are utilized to apply pO2 electrodes to the fetal scalp, none has been devised for routine fetal scalp sampling. We report the modification of a single or double-edged razor for this specific purpose. PMID- 6540805 TI - [Quantitative determination of soyasaponins in soybeans of various origins and soybean products by means of high performance liquid chromatography]. PMID- 6540806 TI - Cardiac electrophysiologic actions of KB-944 (Fostedil), a new calcium antagonist, in the anesthetized dog. AB - The cardiac electrophysiologic actions of a novel calcium antagonist, KB-944 [Fostedil, Abbott-53986, diethyl 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl) benzylphosphonate], were examined in anesthetized dogs. Cumulative doses of 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg i.v. produced dose-dependent increases in atrioventricular (AV) nodal refractoriness and conduction time (AH interval), although failing to alter atrial or ventricular refractoriness. Intra-atrial, infranodal and intraventricular conduction (PA, HV and H-EG intervals, respectively) were unchanged. In three of nine dogs, 2.5 to 12.5 mg/kg of KB-944 produced third degree AV blockade. Pretreatment with propranolol (0.1 mg/kg) was accompanied by sinoatrial blockade in three of five dogs who later received 12.5 mg/kg of KB-944. Glucagon (4 micrograms/kg) reversed the electrophysiologic changes associated with administration of KB-944 alone or in conjunction with propranolol. An examination of the temporal profiles of the cardiac electrophysiologic effects of KB-944 indicated selective alterations in AV nodal conduction and refractoriness for durations of approximately 60, 120 and 180 to 240 min after administration of 0.3, 1.0 or 3.0 mg/kg i.v. These results suggest that KB-944 may be an effective agent for treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias via selective depression of the AV nodal conduction system. PMID- 6540807 TI - Changes in plasma concentrations of LH, progesterone and oestradiol in relation to the occurrence of luteolysis, oestrus and time of ovulation in the Shiba goat (Capra hircus). AB - Luteolysis in Shiba goats was spontaneous (N = 5) or induced by prostaglandin F-2 alpha (N = 5). Blood sampling and the test for oestrous behaviour were carried out at 2-h intervals, and the time of follicular rupture (ovulation) was determined by culdoscopic observations performed every 2 h around the periovulatory period. In both groups plasma LH concentrations showed a temporary but significant increase during the abrupt fall in plasma progesterone concentrations at luteolysis. This LH rise may be responsible for the preovulatory development of antral follicles and the increase in oestradiol secretion from them. The total number of antral follicles (spontaneous luteolysis 3.6 +/- 0.6, induced luteolysis 4.2 +/- 0.7; mean +/- s.e.m.) and the number of ovulations (1.8 +/- 0.4, 2.4 +/- 0.2) did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in the timing of oestrus, LH surge and ovulation following the two modes of luteolysis. The interval from luteolysis to the peak of the LH surge averaged 65 h (range 56-72 h). The period of oestrous behaviour coincided with the acrophase of the LH surge and lasted for 22 h (12-28 h). Ovulations occurred 21 (16-24) h after the LH peak and 7 (2-12) h after the end of oestrus. PMID- 6540808 TI - Some aspects of thecal and granulosa cell function during follicular development in the bovine ovary. AB - The patterns of ovarian follicular development and the steroidogenic properties of individual follicles (greater than or equal to 2 mm diam.) were assessed in Angus cows from Day - 5 until Day + 1 of the oestrous cycle (oestrus = Day 0). Individual follicles were judged to be healthy or atretic using a new classification system incorporating assessments of thecal vascularity and colour, the number of granulosa cells, the presence or absence of debris in follicular fluid and the status of the oocyte. The results suggest that the theca interna of small antral follicles (less than 5 mm diam.) responds to LH and synthesizes androstenedione before the granulosa cells develop an appreciable ability to metabolize androgen to oestrogen. Regardless of follicle size, the output of thecal androstenedione per unit mass of tissue remained unchanged in healthy but not in atretic follicles. On a per cell basis, aromatase activity increased in granulosa cells from healthy but not from atretic follicles with increasing follicle size. Peak levels of aromatizing activity were consistently observed in dominant oestrogen-enriched follicles on Day 0 although similar activity was also observed in some healthy follicles (greater than or equal to 8 mm diam.) on other days of the cycle. Early atresia in bovine follicles was characterized by an absence or lowering of aromatase activity in granulosa cells which always preceded any reduction in the thecal steroidogenic response to LH. It was estimated that between 20 and 60 antral follicles (greater than or equal to 2 mm diam.) per cow may respond to LH by synthesizing androgen whereas only 1-3 follicles (greater than 5 mm diam.) have granulosa cells capable of metabolizing androstenedione or testosterone to oestradiol. PMID- 6540809 TI - Pyruvate and glucose uptake by mouse ova and preimplantation embryos. AB - A method has been devised to measure the uptake of nutrients by small numbers of mouse ova and preimplantation embryos. The 1-5 embryos were incubated as a group at 37 degrees C in a small volume (at least 20 nl/embryo) of culture medium on siliconized microscope slides under mineral oil. Serial 4 nl samples were taken at 30-min intervals for 3 h and assayed for their content of glucose and pyruvate using an ultramicrofluorometric technique. Pyruvate uptake exceeded that of glucose in unfertilized and fertilized ova and in the developmental stages up to the blastocyst, when glucose became the predominant substrate. A component of the uptake of pyruvate by unfertilized ova was probably mediated by a carrier. PMID- 6540810 TI - Structure of the myosin projections on native thick filaments from vertebrate skeletal muscle. AB - Rabbit psoas muscle filaments, isolated in relaxing buffer from non-glycerinated muscle, have been applied to hydrophilic carbon films and stained with uranyl acetate. Electron micrographs were obtained under low-dose conditions to minimize specimen damage. Surrounding the filament backbone, except in the bare zone, is a fringe of clearly identifiable myosin heads. Frequently, both heads of individual myosin molecules are seen, and sometimes a section of the tail can be seen connecting the heads to the backbone. About half the expected number of heads can be counted, and they are uniformly distributed along the filament. The majority of heads appear curved. The remainder could be curved heads viewed from another aspect. Three times as many heads curve in a clockwise sense than in an anticlockwise sense, suggesting a preferential binding of one side of the head to the carbon film. The two heads of myosin molecules exhibit all the possible combinations of clockwise, anticlockwise and straight heads, and analysis of their relative frequencies suggests that the heads rotate freely and independently. The heads also adopt a wide range of angles of attachment to the tail. The lengths of heads cover a range of 14 to 26 nm, with a peak at 19 nm. The average maximum width is 6.5 nm. Both measurements are in excellent agreement with values for shadowed molecules. Since our data are from heads adsorbed to the film in relaxing conditions and the shadowed molecules were free of nucleotide, gross shape changes are not likely to be produced by nucleotide binding. The length of the link between the heads and the backbone was found to vary between 10 nm and 52 nm, with a broad peak at about 25 nm. Thus, the hinge point detected in the tail of isolated molecules was not usually the point from which the crossbridges swung out from the filament surface. The angle made by the link to the filament axis was between 20 degrees and 80 degrees, with a broad maximum around 45 degrees. These lengths and angles concur with our observation of an average limit of the crossbridges from the filament surface of 30 nm. This is sufficient to enable heads in the myofibril lattice to reach out beyond the nearest thin filament and should allow considerable flexibility for stereospecific binding to actin in active muscle. PMID- 6540811 TI - Effects of highly purified maitotoxin extracted from dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus on action potential of isolated rat heart. AB - Maitotoxin is a substance extracted from a dinoflagellate and certain tropical poisonous fish. It is considered as the most potent marine toxin (50 times more potent than tetrodotoxin). In isolated mammalian atria, maitotoxin produces at low doses a positive inotropic effect not modified by reserpine pretreatment and suppressed by Mn2+ ions. In the anaesthetized cat, it induces cardiac arrhythmias and tachycardia leading to cardiac failure. On the other hand, maitotoxin strongly inhibits Na+-K+ ATP-ase from microsomes of cat and human kidneys. In a rat pheochromocytoma cell line, it has been shown to promote a norepinephrine release and an increase in Ca2+ influx. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of maitotoxin on action potential of isolated perfused rat heart to check the existence of a direct effect on the myocardium. PMID- 6540812 TI - Urethrovaginal fistula: a review of the surgical management. AB - Urethrovaginal fistulas may occur after external or surgical trauma and result commonly in urinary incontinence. Various repair procedures have been suggested. However, it appears that the Martius operation with labial fat pad interposition between the repaired urethra and vagina is as satisfactory as any. PMID- 6540813 TI - Vesicoureteral reflux in triplets. AB - During an investigation for urinary tract infections in 3-month-old triplets similar patterns of vesicoureteral reflux were noted. To our knowledge, this is the first report of vesicoureteral reflux in triplets. The patterns of inheritance in vesicoureteral reflux and the need for sibling evaluation are discussed. PMID- 6540814 TI - Conventional and high dose cis-platinum in urological cancer. PMID- 6540815 TI - Treatment of girls with urethral prolapse. AB - During the last 19 years 40 girls with urethral prolapse have been seen at our medical center. Treatment has ranged from nonoperative approaches to excision of the prolapsed urethra. A comparison of the treatment modalities indicates that patients undergoing early local excision of the prolapse have the lowest complication rate and shortest hospital stay. PMID- 6540816 TI - Further studies on the effect of chronic alpha-methyldopa administration upon the central nervous system and sexual function in male rats. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that alpha-methyldopa, a potent inhibitor of catecholamine synthesis, reduced both libido and erectile function in sexually mature male rats as it does in humans. In this report, those studies were extended to identify the drug's effect upon catecholamine content in the brain, spinal cord and penile erectile tissue in mature male rats. Because many men report that the adverse effects of alpha-methyldopa upon their sexual performance continue after withdrawal from the drug, a 2nd group of animals was retested after the drug was stopped. Results of the group I study showed diminished copulatory and erectile activity as well as penile and brain norepinephrine content. In the group II rats there was a continued significant reduction in erectile and copulatory activity. At the same time, brain, spinal cord and penile tissue content of norepinephrine returned to normal levels. In another experiment an alpha 2-receptor antagonist was administered with alpha methyldopa and no inhibition of the effects of alpha-methyldopa was observed. These findings imply that the effect of alpha-methyldopa on sexual function is mediated in the central nervous system as an abnormality of receptor function. PMID- 6540817 TI - The synergistic effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy on murine transitional cell carcinoma. AB - The in vivo effect of hyperthermia and chemotherapy was studied in a murine transitional cell carcinoma model. Localized hyperthermia (43.5C) of 60 and 90 minutes duration was combined with systemic doxorubicin hydrochloride, cis platinum, cyclophosphamide or mitomycin to treat tumors implanted into the hind legs of C3H mice. The data were compared to the results obtained from the application of hyperthermia or chemotherapy alone as well as to the natural growth rate of untreated tumors. Untreated tumors grew with an exponential rate and had a doubling time of 4 +/- 1.5 days. Animals bearing such tumors survived for 25 +/- 7 days. When treated with hyperthermia alone, there was no significant reduction in the growth rate and no improvement was noted in the survival time. Treatment with doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide or mitomycin administered alone was likewise not effective. Cis-platinum alone was able to induce a minimal decrease in the growth rate. When the administration of chemotherapy was accompanied by hyperthermia, significant synergistic effect was noted for doxorubicin hydrochloride, cis-platinum and cyclophosphamide (p less than .01); only the mitomycin and hyperthermia combination failed to improve survival and decrease the growth rate. The duration of the hyperthermia exposure influenced the degree of tumor response. Hyperthermia of 90 minutes duration resulted in consistently greater decrease in tumor growth rate with doxorubicin hydrochloride, cis-platinum or cyclophosphamide than 60 minutes of hyperthermia combined with the same agents. These results indicate that local hyperthermia combined with doxorubicin hydrochloride, cis-platinum or cyclophosphamide can induce tumor regression, increase tumor doubling time and improve the survival of the tumor-bearing animal. Only the hyperthermia-mitomycin combination did not result in significant improvement from the baseline values. Thus, hyperthermia combined with selected chemotherapeutic agents can have an adjuvant effect in the treatment of established, implanted mouse bladder tumors. PMID- 6540818 TI - [Anesthesia for neonates and young infants with ductus dependent cardiac malformations treated with prostaglandin E1]. PMID- 6540819 TI - [Histological evaluation of cancer chemotherapy on rat ovarian cancer]. AB - To evaluate the effect of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP), the drug-induced changes of tumor tissue were observed morphologically on a primary ovarian cancer in rat. In order to avoid artificial damages of the tissue, trans-aortic perfused fixation was demanded for light microscopy. The results obtained were as follows; 1) various degrees of cancer cell damages, presumably caused from different sensitivities of the each cell and vascularization, were observed 2) vascular networks were affected to decrease by the cytotoxic agent 3) the tumor size was occasionally decided by a proliferation of connective tissues in which survived cancer cells were found 4) an increase of histiocytes played a notable role to sweep out the damaged cells. A histologic examination at second look surgery in a clinical case reflected these results. PMID- 6540820 TI - [Gastrointestinal disturbance by cancer chemotherapy--recent progress in antiemetic regimens]. AB - Antiemetic procedure is now an indispensable supportive care for cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy. During the past several years, many efforts have been done to establish the effective antiemetic regimen for cisplatin-induced emesis. We report here that effective protection of cisplatin-induced emesis by the combination of moderate dose of steroid and domperidone. Taking account of reports by others, we can conclude that multiple combination of antiemetic drugs including steroid, over 200 mg of hydrocortisone, seems to be the most effective procedure to protect emesis induced cisplatin. The second problem of gastrointestinal disturbance induced chemotherapy in anorexia lasting several days. As for this problem little is known at present. PMID- 6540821 TI - [Vinblastine-loaded platelet therapy in adult patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6540822 TI - [A case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) associated with intracranial hemorrhage and hyperthyroidism successfully treated by splenectomy]. PMID- 6540823 TI - [Studies on the platelet volume in children with thrombocytopenia]. PMID- 6540824 TI - [Treatment of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6540825 TI - [IgE-anisakis antibody in the sera of patients with acute gastric anisakiasis]. PMID- 6540826 TI - Uptake and metabolism of cisplatin by rat kidney. AB - Cisplatin, an effective antineoplastic agent, is toxic to the kidney. Since the kidney's vulnerability to cisplatin may originate in its ability to accumulate and retain platinum to a greater degree than other organs, we studied the characteristics of the renal accumulation of platinum and investigated the nature of intracellular platinum. Cisplatin and ethylenediamminedichloroplatinum, nephrotoxic and antineoplastic liganded platinum compounds, were concentrated in rat renal cortical slices fivefold above medium concentration. Platinum uptake was energy- and temperature-dependent and could be inhibited by drugs which inhibit base transport. The organic anions para-aminohippurate and pyrazinoate did not reduce renal slice platinum uptake. Unbound platinum in the blood and urine was predominantly cisplatin but unbound platinum in kidney cytosol was not. This latter compound, in contrast to cisplatin, was not active as a mutagen. These studies suggest that the kidney accumulates platinum in part by transport or specific binding to the base transport system in the kidney and biotransforms it intracellularly. Unbound platinum in the cell is not cisplatin and may no longer be toxic. PMID- 6540827 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of sexual function disorders among men with aorto-iliac occlusions]. PMID- 6540828 TI - [Testing of the carcinogenicity and teratogenicity of the Bulgarian tissue adhesive kanokonlit-B]. PMID- 6540829 TI - [Hypersensitivity to VM-26]. AB - Life-threatening anaphylactic reactions to VM-26 are rare. In this report two patients with anaphylactic reactions after the first VM-26 applications in the German neuroblastoma therapy protocol GPO-NB-82 are described. After combination of VM-26 with dexamethasone, repetition of these reactions did not occur any more. PMID- 6540830 TI - The in vitro effect of grandiflorenic acid and zoapatle aqueous crude extract upon spontaneous contractility of the rat uterus during oestrus cycle. AB - Montanoa tomentosa (zoapatle) is a Mexican plant popularly used for antifertility purposes and with promising characteristics for the development of a new oral contraceptive agent with uteroevacuant properties. In a previous pharmacological report we established the ambivalent myometrial response to zoapatle leaves aqueous extract (ZACE) depending on the animal species used and on the existence or absence of pregnancy. This fact could be useful in determining an appropriate medical use of zoapatle and suggests an interesting possible hormonal dependence in its mechanism of action. To elucidate the ZACE effect upon the pattern of uterine contractility in different hormonal stages, the rat uterus in vitro during oestrus cycle was studied. The aqueous crude extract of Montanoa tomentosa leaves produced different (or even opposite), effects on uterine motility during the distinct phases of the oestrus cycle in the rat. Furthermore, pure grandiflorenic acid (GA), obtained from the phytochemical work up of this plant reproduced the uterine responses induced by ZACE. The action of zoapatle is discussed in relation to hormonal stage and to a probable adrenergic mechanism involved. PMID- 6540831 TI - Alteration of vimentin intermediate filaments expression during differentiation of HL60 and U937 human leukemic cell lines. AB - We have studied the alterations of vimentin intermediate filaments in uninduced or differentiated HL60 and U937 human leukemic cell lines. Whereas uninduced lines exhibited only a discrete reseau of vimentin, TPA treated cells acquire a very rich vimentin network similar to that of normal monocytes. On the other hand, DMSO treated HL60 cells differentiate to polymorphonuclears without modification of the IF network. These findings indicate that leukemic cells retain the expression of vimentin and exhibit an IF network similar to that of their normal counterpart. PMID- 6540832 TI - Angiosarcoma in primary lymphedema of the lower extremity--Stewart-Treves syndrome. AB - After a 20-year latent period an angiosarcoma developed in the edematous leg of a 74-year-old woman with primary lymphedema. A deep venous thrombosis of the leg which further aggravated tissue swelling preceded the appearance of angiosarcoma. Histogenetic classification of the tumor as hemangiosarcoma rather than lymphangiosarcoma was favored by positive immunohistochemical staining for Factor VIII. Despite high amputation and isolated perfusion with hyperthermal cytostatic infusion, she developed local recurrence and distant metastases and died 16 months after operation. Patients with chronic primary or secondary lymphedema are susceptible to angiosarcoma although the overall risk is small. PMID- 6540833 TI - Determination of functionally-relevant serum levels of MJ 13859-1 in the dog: relationship to blockade of amphetamine stereotypy. AB - The ability of drugs to block dopamine-agonist induced stereotypy in animals has proven to be a reliable in vivo predictor of antipsychotic efficacy in man. Assessment of a drug's potency at displacing [3H]spiperone from rat striatal membranes is an in vitro test which also has predictive validity for antipsychotic actions. Methods are described for assessing stereotyped behavior in the dog, and for measuring the ability of serum samples taken from treated animals at behaviorally interesting time points, to displace [3H]spiperone from washed synaptic membranes of rat striata. In these studies, oral administration of the potential antipsychotic agent MJ 13859-1 blocked amphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior in the dog for 6 hours. This behavioral effect was accompanied by sustained serum levels of [3H]spiperone displacing moieties derived from MJ 13859-1. PMID- 6540834 TI - Interception of lymphatic drainage by Nd:YAG laser irradiation in rat urinary bladder. AB - Lymphatic drainage can be demonstrated by colloidal indian ink injection. A small intramural indian ink spot in the bladder dome is separated from the rest of the rat urinary bladder by encircling transmural Neodymium-YAG (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation. In untreated animals there is an ink flow via the lymphatic vessels to the regional lymph nodes within several hours. In treated animals, after laser irradiation, the indian ink remains in the bladder dome and a penetration of the irradiated area cannot be found by macroscopic and histologic examination. Indian ink will be found in the regional lymph nodes after the ninth day of absorption of the coagulation necrosis and recanalisation of the intercepted lymphatics. Evidence for the interception of the lymphatic drainage is demonstrated by the distinctly delayed ink flow and the injected ink's remaining in the irradiated area. From this, we conclude that Nd:YAG laser irradiation is especially suitable for tumor coagulation, since simultaneous interception of lymphatic drainage will inhibit the spreading of tumor cells. PMID- 6540835 TI - Sex steroid modulation of the serotonin behavioral syndrome. AB - The sex difference observed in frequency of rats exhibiting the serotonin behavioral syndrome induced by pargyline/1-tryptophan depends on hormonal state. Castration eliminated the sex difference in drug response in adult and prepubertal males, whereas ovariectomy had little effect. Dihydrotestosterone administration to males (10-30 days) reinstated the sex difference, but had little effect in females. Testicular feminized mutants (Tfm/y), deficient in androgen receptors, respond like females. Estrogen administration has no effect in either sex. Manipulation of the hormonal environment on postnatal days 0-7 (blockade of aromatization in males or estradiol administration to females) has no effect on the expression of the sex difference when the animals were tested as adults. Therefore, androgens acting via androgen receptors appear to mediate this subsensitivity of male rats to the drug challenge. The results of these experiments indicate that sex and hormonal environment are important variables in determining the experimental and perhaps clinical responses to drugs. PMID- 6540836 TI - Channeled coverage for liability new hospital/physician development. PMID- 6540837 TI - [X-linked ectodermal dysplasia. Presentation of 2 cases]. PMID- 6540838 TI - Neonatal herpes virus infections. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Part 1. PMID- 6540839 TI - [Two variants of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the mouse liver. The nature of enzyme induction]. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse liver is predominantly located in the cell nuclei. After injection of some inducing agents (thioacetamide, diethylnitrosamine, hydrocortisone) the enzyme leaves the nucleus for cytosol. A circadian rhythm of ornithine decarboxylase activity has been observed in nucleus and cytosol, the decrease of enzyme activity in the nucleus being accompanied by its increase in cytosol. The enzyme obtained from intact mice with a minimal level of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the cytosol differs in ion-exchange properties, pH-optimum and Km for ornithine from the thioacetamide stimulated (nucleus enzyme). PMID- 6540840 TI - Analysis of spontaneous early embryonic lethality in mice. AB - The incidence of spontaneously occurring deciduomata is considerably higher in T stock than in (C3H X C57BL)F1 females. The basis for this difference was studied in vivo, by means of embryo transplantation procedure, and in vitro, by means of short-term embryo culture. Both studies indicate that strain differences in the incidence of spontaneous deciduomata may be largely, if not wholly, accounted for by genetic differences between embryos themselves expressed in terms of the rate of development during the preimplantation period and in the ability to survive the preimplantation and early implantation environment. PMID- 6540841 TI - On the mechanism of thrombocytopenic purpura in sexually active homosexual men. AB - Thrombocytopenic purpura has recently been noted in sexually active homosexual men. To elucidate the pathogenesis of thrombocytopenic purpura in this population, we compared the disorder in 33 homosexual men with that in 23 patients (15 women and 8 men) thought to have classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. The homosexual group had 3.8-fold higher levels of platelet-bound IgG and 4.2-fold higher levels of platelet-bound complement than the patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Eluates from the platelets of only 1 of 10 homosexual patients reacted in vitro with normal platelets, as compared with those from the platelets of 12 of 15 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Twenty-one of 24 homosexual patients (88 per cent) had elevated serum levels of immune complexes that were capable of binding to platelets, whereas none of 5 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura had circulating immune complexes. The IgG fraction of positive serum samples from three homosexual patients did not bind to normal platelets, whereas that from the positive serum of two patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and one woman in whom isoimmune antiplatelet antibody developed during pregnancy (studied as a positive control) did bind to normal platelets. We conclude that, whereas classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura involves antiplatelet IgG directed against platelet antigenic determinants, the thrombocytopenic purpura that occurs in sexually active homosexual men is usually caused not by antiplatelet IgG but probably by the nonspecific deposition of complement and immune complexes on platelets. PMID- 6540842 TI - Opiates and sexual function. PMID- 6540843 TI - Hypervitaminosis A: a contributing factor to anemia in regular dialysis patients. AB - In order to evaluate the toxicity of hypervitaminosis A in regular dialysis patients, the relationships between the plasma levels of vitamin A, retinol binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA), and biochemical parameters were studied in 47 patients. Plasma vitamin A levels were inversely correlated with hematocrit (r = -0.5), which was also significantly correlated with RBP/vitamin A ratio (r = 0.61). Immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (i-PTH) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were inversely related to RBP/vitamin A and RBP/PA ratios. These findings suggest that a raised plasma vitamin A level in regular dialysis patients contributes to anemia and hypervitaminosis A toxicity. PMID- 6540844 TI - Effect of age on behavioral responses and tissue levels of apomorphine in the rat. AB - Rats of several ages between 2 and 24 months were tested for stereotyped behavioral responses to R(-)apomorphine-HCl (APO), a potent and selective dopamine agonist. Between 2 and 24 months, the ED50 for apomorphine decreased 2.5 fold (0.14-0.06 mg/kg, i.p.), as assessed by a microcomputer-assisted technique. Not only were older rats more sensitive to apomorphine, but the duration of the behavioral effects increased with age and showed a greater change at doses which were greater than the ED50. When levels of apomorphine in brain were assayed by liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection, there was a progressive increase in peak levels of the agent in the tissue as well as a delay in its elimination from brain, with increasing age. Moreover, there was a highly significant correlation between increased behavioral effect and the level of apomorphine in brain with increasing age (r greater than 0.8). These results indicate that increased levels in brain or decreased elimination of apomorphine may be an important factor contributing to a marked increase in behavioral sensitivity to apomorphine with age in the rat. PMID- 6540845 TI - Hemangioblastoma of the third ventricle. AB - A case of intraventricular hemangioblastoma not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease is presented. Only one other case of intraventricular hemangioblastoma has been reported. The literature on supratentorial hemangioblastomas is reviewed, and the problems of histological identification of such lesions are discussed. PMID- 6540846 TI - [Churg-Strauss syndrome. Apropos of a clinical case]. AB - A case of Churg-Strauss allergic vasculitis in a 32-yr-old woman treated with phenylhydantoin for 9 yr for a form of post-traumatic epilepsy is described. The clinical overture consisted of asthmatic bronchitis, followed by the discovery of bronchopneumonic infiltrates and skin and heart lesions. Repeated biopsies revealed evidence of vasculitis involving small-calibre vessels, and extravascular infiltrates composed of eosinophilic granulocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells, sometimes surrounding necrotic areas. Treatment of this condition is primarily based on cortisone, combined with azathioprine or cyclophosphamide in some cases. PMID- 6540847 TI - [Role of H2 receptors in controlling prolactin release. Decreased response to cimetidine in patients with prolactin-secreting adenoma and idiopathic hyperprolactinemia]. PMID- 6540848 TI - The possible participation of a dopaminergic system in mutilating behavior in rats with forelimb deafferentation. AB - Partial rhizotomy (section of dorsal roots C5 to Th 1 included) leads to abnormal mutilating behavior in the rat, presumably due to pain sensation in the deafferented limb. As dopamine (DA) has been shown to play a role in analgesia, destruction and stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) were used to check whether they induced an increase or a decrease in the mutilating behavior respectively. Destruction of DA neurons located in the VTA was performed by local administration of 6-hydroxydopamine whereas activation was achieved either by imposed electrical stimulation or by chronic oral administration of D-amphetamine sulfate. These 3 treatments accelerated the onset of the mutilating behavior and induced an extension of the mutilating wounds, D-amphetamine sulfate producing the most pronounced acceleration in their development. The results obtained after destruction of DA-VTA neurons fit well with the working hypothesis. The increase of the mutilating behavior rather than a decrease subsequent to the other treatments could have been caused by the hyperactivity and increase of chewing behavior induced by the less specific stimulating techniques. PMID- 6540849 TI - Primary amenorrhea and virilization in a true hermaphrodite with a rare dicentric Y chromosome. AB - A 24-year-old woman was evaluated for primary amenorrhea and virilization. Karyotyping revealed a rare dicentric Y chromosome with complex mosaicism. Subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy/bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy demonstrated true hermaphroditism manifested by a right ovotestis, a left streak gonad, and Mullerian structures on the right despite the presence of testicular tissue. With the exception of short stature, Turner stigmata were not present despite the predominance of a 45,X cell line. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 6540850 TI - Labial adhesions presenting as urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women. AB - Most discussion on labial adhesions is about the pediatric group. A case is presented of a postmenopausal woman whose main complaint was urinary incontinence. Etiology, symptoms, signs, and diagnosis are discussed. Guidelines for treatment and prevention are proposed. Because the number of postmenopausal women is steadily increasing, it is important to draw attention to this condition. PMID- 6540851 TI - Sling operation for total incontinence following radical vulvectomy. AB - A case of total incontinence that developed after radical vulvectomy and subtotal urethrectomy is presented. Complete relief of the incontinence was obtained after an Aldridge sling operation. The rationale for selecting this operation is discussed. PMID- 6540853 TI - Combination chemotherapy of early and advanced murine P388 leukaemia with bouvardin, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and vincristine. AB - A comparative study of cytostatic combinations was carried out in early and advanced murine leukaemia P388 by using the new protein synthesis inhibitor bouvardin (BVD) along with the known anticancer drugs vincristine (VCR) and cis diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP). The results indicate that the combination of BVD with DDP enhances the antineoplastic activity in comparison with single-agent therapy in early leukaemia. However, BVD could not indicate its superiority by way of tumour cell killing in three drug combinations, when administered with VCR and/or DDP, against advanced leukaemia. PMID- 6540852 TI - Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and cell growth by antifolates in a methotrexate-resistant cell line. AB - The structural features and lipid solubility of four different classes of antifolate compounds were compared for their inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and growth in a normal and methotrexate (MTX)-resistant 3T6 mouse cell line. All of the compounds have been shown previously to have antifolate activity. The resistant cell line has a 7-fold increase in DHFR activity with normal transport, but an altered affinity for MTX. All the antifolates were equally effective in inhibiting DHFR and growth in the parent cell line. Inhibition of partially purified DHFR from the resistant cells increased with changes in lipid solubility and structure of the compounds, compared to the parent DHFR. These data demonstrate that the resistant cells may be more sensitive to the structurally dissimilar antifolates than to MTX and lend importance to further development of this type of antifolate. These results suggest that these compounds may be useful in circumventing antifolate resistance due to alterations in target enzyme concentration and drug-enzyme affinity, as well as drug transport. PMID- 6540854 TI - Staff meetings communicate, educate. PMID- 6540855 TI - Distribution of malignant melanoma cases. PMID- 6540856 TI - An antitrust primer for physicians. PMID- 6540857 TI - [Behavioral characteristics of young rats during neurotization]. PMID- 6540858 TI - [Effect of a modulated UHF field on the behavior and hormone level of female rats under emotional stress]. PMID- 6540859 TI - [Methodological problems in the study of the experimental pathology of higher nervous activity]. PMID- 6540860 TI - Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice: in vitro comparison of light sources. AB - Phototherapy results in the conversion of bilirubin to more water-soluble isomers. Six clinically used phototherapy lamps which differ in their emission spectra have been compared in their ability to produce configurational and structural isomers of bilirubin in vitro. For all of the lamps, the initial rate of configurational isomerization was highly correlated (r = 0.969) with the intensity of irradiation falling within the bilirubin absorption band. The percentage of the total bilirubin converted to the configurational isomer at equilibrium was dependent upon the spectral distribution of the lamp, and was greatest (26.2 +/- 1.3%) with the special blue lamp, which has a narrow spectral output centered at 445 nm. The rate of formation of the structural isomer, lumirubin, was generally dependent upon the intensity of irradiation within the bilirubin absorption band. PMID- 6540861 TI - Metabolic consequences of intrauterine growth retardation in very low birthweight infants. AB - By the combination of energy and macronutrient balances, continuous open circuit computerized indirect calorimetry, and anthropometry, we have compared small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) very low birthweight infants with respect to metabolizable energy intake (mean +/- SE: 125.9 +/- 2.5 versus 130.4 +/- 3.5 kcal/kg X day), energy expenditure (67.4 +/- 1.3 versus 62.6 +/- 0.9 kcal/kg X day), storage of energy and macronutrients and growth. Fourteen studies in six SGA infants (gestational age, 33.1 +/- 0.3 weeks; birthweight, 1120 +/- 30 g) and 22 studies in 13 AGA infants (gestational age, 29.3 +/- 0.4 weeks; birthweight, 1155 +/- 40 g) were performed. The SGA infants had a lower absorption of fat (68.7 +/- 3.2 versus 79.7 +/- 1.7%) and protein (69.1 +/- 3.2 versus 83.4 +/- 1.5%) and hence increased (P less than 0.001) energy loss in excreta (29.9 +/- 2.8 versus 18.2 +/- 1.5 kcal/kg X day). The significant hypermetabolism of SGA infants by 4.8 kcal/kg X day was associated with an increased fat oxidation. Despite lower energy storage, SGA infants were gaining weight (19.4 +/- 0.9 g/kg X day), length (1.25 +/- 0.14 cm/week), and head circumference (1.16 +/- 0.9 cm/week) at higher rates than the AGA group. The energy storage per g weight gain was lower (P less than 0.001) in the SGA group (3.0 +/- 0.14 versus 4.26 +/- 0.26 kcal) reflecting higher water, lower fat (22.2 +/- 1.8 versus 33.8 +/- 2.5%; P less than 0.001) and lower protein (7.7 +/- 0.5 versus 12.5 +/- 0.8%; P less than 0.001) contents of weight gain in the SGA group. PMID- 6540862 TI - Food protein-induced enterocolitis: altered antibody response to ingested antigen. AB - To evaluate the role of immunologic mechanisms in one specific syndrome of food intolerance in infants, food protein-induced enterocolitis, we measured class specific serum antibodies to three food proteins, ovalbumin, soy, and cow milk, prior to diagnostic food challenges in 18 infants suspected to have this syndrome. Infants with positive challenge reactions to egg, soy, or cow milk had 5-10 times higher levels of IgA antibody directed against that food than did the infants with negative challenges. Levels of IgG antibody to soy and egg were also significantly higher (greater than 10-fold) in infants with positive challenge responses. There was no significant difference in levels of IgM food antibodies between the two groups. IgA anti-soy antibody levels rose in all 12 infants tested 2-10 weeks after a single soy feeding (challenge). However, IgM anti-soy antibody increased in the five infants who had a negative response to the challenge feeding and decreased in those seven with a positive response. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). Some correlation existed (r = -0.68) between the increase in IgA anti-soy antibody and the decrease in IgM anti-soy antibody for infants with positive soy challenges. Although a pathogenic role for these antibodies is not proven, the findings suggest an altered immunologic response to ingestion of food antigens in infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis. PMID- 6540863 TI - [124 cases of hemolytic diseases in newborn infants other than ABO and Rhesus D observed in the Blood Transfusion Center of Lyon between 1970 and 1982]. AB - Between 1970 and 1982, 124 cases of hemolytic diseases of the newborn due to antigens other than A, B and Rhesus-D were observed in the Blood Bank of Lyon (France). These cases represent 10,3% of all the hemolytic diseases of the newborn (ABO excluded). This percentage has raised during this period: 2,1% in 1970 until 39,2% in 1982. The variation is due both to the fall of the Rhesus-D hemolytic diseases and to the raise of non Rhesus-D hemolytic diseases. The alloantibody titer is not a good criteria in order to predict the anemia level of the newborn but the amniotic fluid delta OD 450 is satisfactory whatever the alloimmunisation is. PMID- 6540865 TI - Steroid-induced hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an infant. AB - This report describes a 14-month-old boy receiving high-dose steroids for hypsarrhythmia and infantile spasms in whom the echocardiographic diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was made. Family studies were negative for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but positive for mitral valve prolapse. The steroid dosage was progressively decreased and finally discontinued; the echo was normal within 12 months. In infants receiving long-term steroid therapy, echocardiograms should be performed to monitor myocardial structure and function. PMID- 6540866 TI - Double-outlet right ventricle associated with discrete subaortic stenosis. PMID- 6540864 TI - Secretin-induced changes in rate, contractility and adenylate cyclase activity in rat heart atria. AB - Secretin stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in crude membrane preparations from right and left rat atria, when tested in the presence of the potentiating activator forskolin. Its maximal effect on adenylate cyclase activity was greater in the right atrium than in the left atrium but the peptide efficiency was lower, in both atria, than that of D,L-isoproterenol. Secretin stimulated the rate of contraction of the spontaneously beating right atrium, but less efficiently than D,L-isoproterenol. Although this positive chronotropic action of secretin was inhibited by D,L-propranolol, it was probably not mediated by the release of endogenous catecholamines as: a) the inhibitory effects of D- and L-propranolol were similar and b) the efficiency of secretin on the in vitro beating of right atrium was the same in control and reserpinized rats. Secretin stimulated the force of contraction of spontaneously beating right atrium, even in the presence of propranolol, i.e. when the chronotropic effect of secretin was abolished. The hormone exerted also a positive inotropic effect on the electrically stimulated rat atrium. This effect was blocked neither by tetrodotoxin nor by propranolol. When comparing the dose-effect curves of secretin and D,L-isoproterenol on adenylate cyclase activation on the one hand, and on the stimulation of rate and contractility on the other hand, it is tempting to suggest that cyclic AMP might be involved in the modulation by secretin of the mechanical properties of rat atria. PMID- 6540867 TI - The use of acyclovir in children. AB - Acyclovir represents a significant advance in the treatment of herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infections and appears to be safe and well-tolerated. Physicians now have several drugs to choose from in the treatment of these infections. Hopefully there will be other antiviral chemotherapeutic agents that will be effective for therapy of cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus infections. Coincident with the development of antivirals, continued progress in the area of rapid viral diagnosis is critical for early institution of therapy. Direct diagnosis of HSV or VZV from clinical specimens or lesions using monoclonal antibodies, enzyme-linked immunoassays or DNA probes are promising techniques for the future. Investigation into improved rapid diagnosis for neonatal and maternal HSV infections and HSV encephalitis should further improve outcome with antiviral therapy. PMID- 6540868 TI - Current concepts of pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6540869 TI - Changing trends in the microbiology of otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6540870 TI - Antimicrobial therapy for acute otitis media. AB - The management of acute otitis media is made more rational by consideration of the in vitro susceptibilities of the common pathogens, penetration of drug into middle ear fluid and results of comparative clinical efficacy trials. The emergence of beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus strains and the finding that B. catarrhalis is a frequently encountered beta-lactamase-producing organism in some areas of the country emphasize the importance of delineating the cause of disease in children with acute otitis media. Because of the many variables that confound the response to therapy, each patient must be carefully followed and the regimen altered if the clinical response is unsatisfactory. PMID- 6540871 TI - Surgical management of otitis media. AB - In summary there are four surgical procedures commonly used for treatment of otitis media. Myringotomy and aspiration of the middle ear effusion is indicated for acute otitis media: (1) when a child has persistent or recurrent symptoms while on appropriate antimicrobial therapy; (2) if there is severe otalgia initially requiring immediate relief; (3) when a suppurative complication is present, such as facial paralysis; or (4) whenever a diagnostic tympanocentesis (for microbiology) is indicated, such as for the critically ill child, the neonate or a child who is immunologically compromised. In addition the potential benefit from more liberal use of the procedure initially might decrease the persistence and recurrence. Myringotomy without tympanostomy tube insertion is a reasonable treatment option for infants and children with chronic otitis media with effusion that is unresponsive to antimicrobial therapy if the procedure can be performed without the administration of a general anesthetic; however, if not, then a tympanostomy tube should be inserted since the recurrence rate is high. In addition to chronic otitis media with effusion, myringotomy with tympanostomy tube insertion is indicated for: (1) recurrent acute otitis media, especially if unresponsive to prophylactic antimicrobial therapy; (2) eustachian tube dysfunction, in which one or more of the following is present--otalgia, significant and symptomatic hearing loss, vertigo or tinnitus; (3) severe retraction pocket of the tympanic membrane; (4) suppurative complication to maintain adequate drainage; and (5) at the time of repair of a tympanic membrane defect, i.e. tympanoplasty, when the eustachian tube function is poor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540872 TI - Panel discussion: management of children with recurrent or chronic otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6540873 TI - Amastatin potentiates the behavioral effects of vasopressin and oxytocin in mice. AB - Vasopressin and oxytocin cause behavioral excitation after intracerebroventricular injection in mice. This effect is short-lasting, suggesting that the peptides are rapidly inactivated in the brain. Co-injection of microgram amounts of amastatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor, prolonged the effect of both vasopressin and oxytocin. Amastatin did not induce large vasopressin-like behavioral effects by itself, nor did it significantly potentiate the action of 1-deamino[1,6-dicarba, 8-arginine] vasopressin (Asu AVP), an analog that lacks the N-terminal amino group. The effect of Asu-AVP, but not that of vasopressin, was potentiated by phosphoramidon, an inhibitor of neutral metalloendopeptidase ("enkephalinase A"). These results support previous suggestions that vasopressin and oxytocin are inactivated mainly by aminopeptidase action following intracerebroventricular injection. PMID- 6540874 TI - [Evaluation of the results of laboratory-controlled treatment of vaginal mycoses]. PMID- 6540875 TI - [Diurnal changes in serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations in patients with autonomous "hot" thyroid nodules]. PMID- 6540876 TI - Galactorrhoea following hypophysectomy in a boy with a prolactinoma. AB - An 18-year-old boy with delayed puberty was found to have a large prolactinoma. Hypophysectomy led to a fall in serum prolactin concentration, although it remained markedly elevated. The introduction of replacement therapy, including testosterone, resulted in painful swelling of the breasts and galactorrhoea. Bromocriptine therapy resulted in a cessation of galactorrhoea and normalization of serum prolactin concentrations. The absence of galactorrhoea in association with an astronomical concentration of prolactin, and its onset in association with diminished prolactin concentrations following hypophysectomy and the introduction of testosterone therapy, indicate that galactorrhoea requires the presence of high prolactin concentrations to act on mature breast tissue. This would account for the rarity of galactorrhoea in prepubertal children with prolactinomas. PMID- 6540877 TI - Endogenous lectins of the developing chick embryo. PMID- 6540878 TI - Membrane-associated contractile proteins in cell adhesion. PMID- 6540879 TI - The interaction of extracellular matrix with the basal cell surface of embryonic corneal epithelia. PMID- 6540880 TI - Combined radiation and chemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer. PMID- 6540881 TI - Effects of the withdrawal of solid food on maternal milk intake and the development of young rats. AB - Young rats deprived of solid food will survive on mother's milk only for about seven weeks but their development will become arrested completely. As soon as they receive solid food their development recommences immediately at the same rate as that of control infant rats. However, young rats still continue to take maternal milk for about one more week, which is the result of the gradual extinction of the sucking reflex depending the maturity of the young rats. PMID- 6540882 TI - Lack of relationship between estrus cycle and effect of ethanol in mice. PMID- 6540883 TI - Effects of small medial preoptic lesions on estrous cycles and receptivity in female rats. AB - The effects of small lesions in the preoptic area (POA) of female rats on estrous cycles, LH responsiveness, and receptivity were studied. Regularly cycling rats received lesions confined to either the periventricular portion or the ventral portion of the rostral preoptic area, or a combination of these two sites. Nine animals showed persistent vaginal cornification (PVC) following lesion placement. All of these had lesions in the periventricular preoptic area. In contrast, five of six animals which showed repeated periods of pseudopregnancy (RPP) had lesions in the most ventral portion of the preoptic area. Lesions which damaged both the periventricular POA and the ventral POA gave mixed results. Following ovariectomy and estrogen and progesterone stimulation, the RPP animals had higher levels of LH 6 hr after the P injection than did the control animals or PVC animals. In three different tests for female sexual behavior--with estrogen alone, estrogen plus progesterone, and low estrogen priming and repetitive sexual stimulation- the PVC animals had consistently lower receptivity than the controls. The RPP animals were more receptive than the controls in all but the estrogen plus progesterone tests. The decreased levels of receptivity of the PVC animals could be related to a disruption of the LHRH system, while the RPP group responses could reflect a hypersensitivity of remaining neurons to estrogen. PMID- 6540884 TI - Hypothesis for the etiology of schizophrenia: a genetic perspective. PMID- 6540885 TI - Influence of nutrient and energy deprivation on cellular response to single and fractionated heat treatments. AB - The effect of hypoglycemia and hypoxia on cell survival following single and fractionated 44 degrees C heat treatments was investigated. These studies show that short-term glucose deprivation or oxygen deprivation does not increase sensitivity to single or fractionated heat treatments compared to normal nutrient conditions. However, simultaneous hypoglycemia and hypoxia leads to an increased sensitivity to single heat treatments, and to an even greater increase in sensitivity to fractionated heat treatments. Sensitivity to heat treatment under nutrient-deprived conditions correlates with intracellular ATP levels at the time of treatment. These data indicate that it is not nutrient concentration per se, but rather the effect of nutrient level on intracellular ATP concentration that affects thermal sensitivity. PMID- 6540886 TI - Sonography of the fetal duplex kidney. AB - The sonographic features of the fetal duplex kidney are reviewed in five cases. Four cases had proven obstruction of either an upper (3 cases) or lower pole (1 case) moiety. Identification of two separate collecting systems may be difficult in utero. Therefore, the key to the sonographic diagnosis is recognition of asymmetric hydronephrosis between the dilated and nondilated moieties. PMID- 6540887 TI - Ovarian cancer: contribution of radiation therapy to patient management. Erskine memorial lecture, 1983. AB - Ovarian cancer may be treated with radiation therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination. To evaluate the contribution of radiation therapy to patient management the cure rate must be estimated; data are presented suggesting that the 5-year survival rate provides a reasonable estimate of the cure rate. Multiple prognostic factors have been shown to affect outcome. A study of patients treated since 1971 showed that stage and postoperative residuum could be used to divide patients into two subgroups, a "poor prognosis" group and a "good prognosis" group; a multifactorial grouping of patients in the good prognosis group who were treated postoperatively with radiation therapy only was further able to divide patients into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups. Studies of radiation therapy for different subgroups are discussed; abdominopelvic irradiation has been shown to improve survival for approximately one-third of patients with cancer of the ovary. PMID- 6540888 TI - [Fetal alcohol syndrome as a cause of preventable mental retardation]. PMID- 6540889 TI - Effects of natriuretic fractions of human urine on the isolated anococcygeus muscle of the rat. AB - Freeze-dried samples of human urine were reconstituted and chromatographed on Sephadex G-25 columns. Fractions possessing natriuretic activity were eluted after the salts. Application of aliquots of these fractions, after further freeze drying and reconstitution, to the isolated anococcygeus muscle of the rat produced dose-dependent contractions of this smooth muscle. The potency of these samples in causing contractions was positively correlated with their ability to cause natriuresis in water-loaded conscious rats. Use of selective antagonists of possible agonistic agents showed that the ability of the samples to contract smooth muscle was not due to catecholamines, acetylcholine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin E and angiotensin II. PMID- 6540890 TI - [Effects of prostaglandin E1 on pulmonary circulation and oxygen delivery in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6540891 TI - Analysis of lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharide by chemical methods and nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Modifications were introduced in established chemical methods in an attempt to develop reliable means of analysis of lipid A from Salmonella minnesota R595 lipopolysaccharide. Modified hydrolysis conditions led to an estimate of glucosamine content that was significantly higher than established values. This estimate is consistent with the amount of amide-linked fatty acid determined from kinetic studies of fatty acid release and with the presently accepted number of 3 deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid residues. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to provide independent absolute estimates of the phosphorus to-glucosamine ratio and of the level of total phosphate and fatty acids; these estimates were consistent with those obtained from chemical methods. PMID- 6540892 TI - Postprandial response and diurnal variation of serum cationic trypsin-like immunoreactivity in man. AB - In eight healthy volunteers a standard test meal caused an early, transient, but significant increase in serum cationic trypsin-like immunoreactivity (CTLI). Serum CTLI was studied for 24 h in another six healthy volunteers who had four regular meals and performed their usual activities. It showed a diurnal variation with significantly higher values in the late evening and early night than the initial morning value. PMID- 6540893 TI - Evidence for genetic effects on variation in plasma unsaturated transcobalamin II and cobalamin (vitamin B12). AB - Unsaturated plasma transcobalamin II (UTC II) and cobalamin were measured in two selected age-groups of like-sexed mono- and dizygotic twins. For UTC II, a higher mean level was found in women than in men, and in the older (57 to 61 years) than in the younger (33 to 39 years) age group. Testing of genetic-environmental models revealed that variation in plasma levels of UTC II is almost exclusively genetically determined. More than 50% of the variation in cobalamin levels was accounted for by genes, the remainder being due to person-specific environmental factors (for older males no model gave a good fit). A negative correlation was noted between UTC II and cobalamin levels. The correlation coefficient was low, and the variation in UTC II accounted for only about 4% of the variation in the cobalamin level. This finding suggests that a pathologically high value of one of the variables may have clinical significance, regardless of the value of the other variable. For 22 patients studied longitudinally, a clear tendency to maintain plasma levels at constant levels over long periods of time was found, suggesting that certain degrees of deviation from these levels may have clinical relevance. PMID- 6540894 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura using high-dose intravenous gammaglobulins. Experience with 12 patients]. PMID- 6540896 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura following recovery from a benzol-induced bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 6540895 TI - [Sugar deficiency of the platelet membrane in Glanzmann's thromboasthenia]. PMID- 6540897 TI - A rapid, quantitative in vivo assay for narcotic antagonists. AB - Tail skin temperature (TST) response of morphine-dependent rats was evaluated as a potential in vivo assay for the activity of narcotic antagonists. Dependency was produced in rats by repeated subcutaneous implantation of morphine-containing pellets and TST was evaluated by thermistor probes attached to the dorsal surface of the tail. TST was determined prior to and following administration of either naloxone (NAL: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight); naltrexone (NALT: 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02 or 0.1 mg/kg body weight); or 6-Desoxy-6 methylenenaltrexone (DM-NALT: 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02 or 0.1 mg/kg body weight). Each of the narcotic antagonists caused a dose-dependent increase in tail skin temperature in morphine dependent rats. The initial TST increase was observed by 5 minutes and the maximal TST response occurred 15 to 25 minutes after drug administration. For each drug evaluated, a linear relationship was observed between the dose and maximal change in TST and between the dose and the area under the TST response curve. Determination of ED50 for the TST response revealed the expected relative potency for the narcotic antagonists evaluated: DM-NALT greater than NALT greater than NAL. Thus, the TST-response test is a rapid and quantitative bioassay for the evaluation of compounds for narcotic antagonistic activity. PMID- 6540899 TI - [Thrombopenic purpura after insect bite in a patient with Roch-Leri syndrome]. PMID- 6540898 TI - Physical dependence produced by long duration, low dose chronic barbital treatment. AB - Barbiturate physical dependence was produced by twice-daily administration of Na barbital to cats according to the "low" dose barbiturate protocol (Okamoto et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 207: 906, 1978). The duration of treatment was 1, 2, 3, 5, 9 or 14 weeks. Pharmacodynamic tolerance was assessed by relating the degree of neurofunctional impairment to the blood barbital concentration at the time when the functional test was performed. Evaluation of withdrawal was based on whole-animal observation and subjective assessment of overt withdrawal signs. Motor activity and withdrawal convulsions were monitored continuously by an activity recording device. It was found that the pharmacodynamic tolerance and physical dependence continued to develop throughout the treatment period and no apparent ceiling on these phenomena was observed. The "low" level chronic dosing merely prolonged the time required to develop physical dependence of severity comparable to that produced by shorter durations of "high" level chronic dosing. PMID- 6540900 TI - [New hallucinogenic mushrooms in Norway]. PMID- 6540901 TI - Effect of cigarette smoking on hepatic biotransformations in rats. AB - Adult male rats were nose-only exposed to cigarette smoke for 20 min each day for 6 months. Smoke inhalation was confirmed by urinary excretion of nicotine (4.5 micrograms/rat/day) and elevated blood carboxyhemoglobin (13.3%). Phenobarbital- and 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats were included as positive controls for assessing hepatic enzyme induction. Cigarette smoke did not induce statistically significant alterations in hepatic enzyme activity when measured in vivo (pentobarbital sleep time and zoxazolamine paralysis time) or in vitro (oxidation, hydrolysis, glucuronidation, and glutathione conjugation). In some cases, the smoke-exposed rats did exhibit higher microsomal enzyme activity than did the controls, but this increase was also evident in the sham-control group. Therefore, these increases were attributed to stress and not to smoking per se. Additional evidence of stress associated with manipulation of the animals was the smaller percentage weight gains of the smoke-exposed and sham control rats over the 6-month period as compared to the controls (12, 35, and 50%, respectively). Smoking reduced hepatic glutathione by as much as 15%, but the glutathione transferase activity was not affected. These studies showed that chronic exposure of rats to cigarette smoke did not alter hepatic biotransformation processes, but do suggest that smokers may be less efficient than nonsmokers in the deactivation of xenobiotics by glutathione conjugation mechanisms. PMID- 6540902 TI - The effect of a single administration of phencyclidine on behavior in the rat over a 21-day period. AB - The effects of phencyclidine (PCP) (7.0, 11.7, 19.5, 32.6, and 54.4 mg/kg) on locomotor activity, stereotyped behavior (circling, backing up, and weaving frequency), and rotarod performance were evaluated. In addition, the frequency of other PCP-induced abnormal behaviors (head in corner, arched back, and cataleptic freeze) was determined. All doses of PCP produced a significant increase in locomotor activity and stereotyped behavior as well as an impairment of rotarod performance. Both the duration and the time to peak effects (with the exception of rotarod performance) of these PCP-induced behavioral changes appeared to be dose dependent. The delay in attaining peak effects for locomotor activity and stereotypy was attributed to PCP-induced gross motor ataxia, which became more severe and long lasting with increasing dose. Although the longest period of time that significant changes were seen in locomotor activity, stereotyped behavior, and rotarod performance was 12 hr, sporadic recurrences of stereotypy and a significant increase in cataleptic freeze were observed in the high-dose groups (19.5, 32.6, and 54.4 mg/kg) up to 21 days postadministration. These persistent behaviors (stereotypy and cataleptic freeze) are not unlike certain of the prolonged behaviors seen in man with PCP overdose (catatonic stupor along with repetitive orofacial and limb movements). PMID- 6540903 TI - The effect of fluoride on fertilized eggs of a freshwater fish, Catla catla (Hamilton). AB - The eggs of Catla catla were exposed to 2 fluoride media, (1) effluent dilutions containing 1.86, 3.21, 7.12, 9.56, and 16.23 ppm fluoride, and (2) fluoride (NaF) solutions containing 1.86, 3.56, 7.34, 10.01, and 16.68 ppm fluoride. The eggs exposed to 1.86 ppm fluoride (in both media) hatched at the end of 6 h, while in rest of the fluoride concentrations hatching was delayed by 1-2 h. The eggs showed decreases in water and protein and increase in fluoride contents. Toxicity of fluoride to eggs was more related to the availability of fluoride ions, than to the total fluoride in the media. PMID- 6540904 TI - Deltamethrin as a potential ovicidal pyrethroid against Plutella xylostella L. AB - The effect of deltamethrin on the hatching of eggs of two strains, susceptible (S) and resistant (R), of Plutella xylostella was investigated. Daily observations were made on the development of the embryos, hatching and larval mortality after treatment with different dosages of deltamethrin. This compound exhibited a dosage-mortality response against the S-strain eggs. The hatching of the R-strain eggs was also affected by deltamethrin but to a lesser extent. At least 50% of the S-strain larvae that hatched from the treated eggs died within a few hours, but the larvae of the R strain were more resistant. Seedlings treated with different dosages also showed a drop in egg hatching and less damage on the leaves. Deltamethrin had no effect on embryonic development. PMID- 6540905 TI - Towards an alignment of the actin molecule within the actin filament. AB - Electron micrographs of negatively stained actin filament paracrystals and single layered filament rafts showing different interfilament spacings have been studied and three-dimensional reconstructions have been computed from them. Lateral ordering of the filaments in rafts was lost when interfilament spacings exceeded 8.5 nm, suggesting this distance as an upper limit for the filament diameter. Further, all reconstructions showed the same structural features at the 3 nm resolution level, except that the filaments from ordered single-layered rafts appeared 10-20% wider than those from multi-layered paracrystals. A comparison between electron microscopical and X-ray filament data, and synthetic filaments generated using different tentative molecular models and/or orientations for actin did not allow a single best model to be selected. PMID- 6540906 TI - Specimen preparative methods for electron crystallography of soluble proteins. AB - Technical factors which influence the choice of specimen preparation method for electron crystallographic study of thin crystals of soluble proteins are discussed. Ice embedding appears to be the most desirable choice of preparation method. However, in terms of the yield of major structural information, we conclude that negative stain remains a useful method for low resolution and glucose embedding for high resolution. PMID- 6540907 TI - Lateral deconvolution of ultrasonic beams. AB - A number of papers have appeared recently describing methods of lateral resolution improvement in ultrasonic images by deconvolution of the amplitude detected cross-beam characteristic. It is the intention of this paper to demonstrate that such methods of resolution improvement are appropriate only for a limited class of targets. In general, the effect of interference between the r.f. signals from multiple targets at differing distances is such that the amplitude beam width obtained for these targets cannot be considered as the linear combination of shifted replicas of the amplitude beam width for an individual target. This is a consequence of the non-linear character of the detection process. In these cases the method of deconvolving the detected responses, although capable of giving reduced spot sizes, makes errors in the position of the images and is susceptible to false images and sidelobes . The phenomenon is demonstrated with computer and experimental data on point targets. PMID- 6540908 TI - Inverse scattering solutions by a sinc basis, multiple source, moment method- Part III: Fast algorithms. AB - olving the inverse scattering problem for the Helmholtz wave equation without employing the Born or Rytov approximations is a challenging problem, but some slow iterative methods have been proposed. One such method suggested by us is based on solving systems of nonlinear algebraic equations that are derived by applying the method of moments to a sinc basis function expansion of the fields and scattering potential. In the past, we have solved these equations for a 2-D object of n by n pixels in a time proportional to n5. In the present paper, we demonstrate a new method based on FFT convolution and the concept of backprojection which solves these equations in time proportional to n3 X log(n). Several numerical examples are given for images up to 7 by 7 pixels in size. Analogous algorithms to solve the Riccati wave equation in n3 X log(n) time are also suggested, but not verified. A method is suggested for interpolating measurements from one detector geometry to a new perturbed detector geometry whose measurement points fall on a FFT accessible, rectangular grid and thereby render many detector geometrics compatible for use by our fast methods. PMID- 6540909 TI - Estimation of ultrasonic attenuation and mean backscatterer size via digital signal processing. AB - The backscattered rf signals from the lungs of fetal sheep during their last trimester of development were digitized and processed in an attempt to correlate ultrasonic parameters with measured functional parameters related to lung maturation. The broadband, post- TGC , rf signal of a commercial B-mode ultrasonic scanner was digitized at a sampling rate of 25 MHz. Sorting excluded data from regions of rib shadowing and other nonlung structures from analysis. The sorted data were used to estimate the slope of the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient with respect to frequency via linear regression on the average difference of the logarithm of power spectra from separated data segments. The power spectra were also corrected for attenuation, averaged and used to compute the power cepstrum of the backscattered signal which can be related to mean backscatterer radius. Results are presented for eight fetal sheep. PMID- 6540910 TI - Characterization of tongue shape. AB - Mathematical techniques are described for analyzing tongue shapes obtained with ultrasound images. The surface of the mid-sagittal section of the tongue was approximated by discrete points. In turn, these points were used to approximate position, slope and curvature of the tongue surface at a fixed time during speech. Two approaches were employed. The first method involved the use of finite difference approximations to derivatives of the function of tongue position. The second utilized a curve fit. Both methods were examined for reliability. Results of these analyses on a simple, single speech sound are discussed. PMID- 6540911 TI - Computerized three-dimensional finite element reconstruction of the left ventricle from cross-sectional echocardiograms. AB - A computerized method for the generation of a three-dimensional finite element mesh of left ventricular geometry is presented. The technique employs two dimensional echocardiographic images of the left ventricle. The echocardiographic transducer is attached to an articulated, computer-assisted, position registration arm with six degrees-of-freedom. These six degrees-of-freedom record the location and orientation of the transducer, when images are obtained, referenced to an external point. Hence, the images are digitized and aligned relative to one another, then several interpolation and curve fitting steps are used to reconstruct a three-dimensional finite element model of the left ventricle. The finite element model can be used for volume determination, stress analysis, material property identification, and other applications. PMID- 6540912 TI - Scattering of ultrasound by tissues. AB - Scattering of ultrasound by biological tissues (continuous-inhomogeneous media) is discussed. An analytical expression for the attenuation due to scattering (alpha Tsc) and backscatter coefficients (sigma T) of tissues are obtained. The results explain the variation of alpha Tsc and sigma T with frequency for a number of tissues. The study also provides two statistical parameters, velocity fluctuation coefficient and correlation length, in terms of which the scattering of tissues can be defined quantitatively. PMID- 6540913 TI - Diffraction tomography using beam waves: z-average reconstruction. AB - This paper discusses the problem of diffraction tomography, when a general beam wave is used as the excitation and the three-dimensional structure of the object is considered. The special case of a zero-order beam wave with measurements of the average of the scattered field in the z direction is detailed. It is shown that in this case a reconstruction algorithm identical to the two-dimensional geometry yields a z-averaged tomogram of the inhomogeneity. PMID- 6540914 TI - [Principles of drug therapy in urogenital tuberculosis]. AB - Every case of tuberculosis must be treated with drugs, especially before and after operative interventions. The therapeutic regimen consists of four different drugs, always including Isoniazid and Rifampicin. The length of treatment should be 7-12 months depending on the type of medication used. Most important for a successful treatment is the isolation of the mycobacterium before starting therapy according to the sensitivity testing. The effectiveness of therapy has to be controlled monthly by bacteriologic examinations. During the whole period regular examinations of the patient are necessary for the early detection of side effects. PMID- 6540915 TI - [Surgical therapy of urogenital tuberculosis]. AB - The surgical therapy of genitourinary tuberculosis is important as adjuvant treatment besides an appropriate anti-tuberculous drug therapy. During the years 1966-1983 surgical treatment was necessary in 46.1% (330 cases) of 715 patients. Cases, not treated properly for a long time, still have a high incidence of nephrectomy. Since 1976 more reconstructive operations and partial kidney resections have been carried out, resulting in a 5,6% rate of secondary nephrectomy. In up to 92.3% of the patients with these operations, renal function was not reduced or had improved. In cases with progressive tuberculosis of the upper urinary tract reconstructive surgical treatment is also recommended with good late results. PMID- 6540916 TI - [A new concept for detailed measuring of the excretory function of the kidney]. AB - A new method to investigate renal function in detail without use of catheters is demonstrated. This method combines the advantages of two techniques, the physiological clearance measurement technique and the isotope nephrogram technique. The function of each kidney is quantitated in terms of the velocity of renal blood flow, the velocity of filtration and secretion and the velocity of urine flow to the bladder. The new concept is illustrated by two clinical examples. PMID- 6540917 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of venous tumor thrombi in kidney cancer. A prospective study]. AB - In a controlled prospective study 65 patients with renal tumors were evaluated by sonography prior to surgery in order to detect venous tumor extension. Tumor thrombi in the inferior vena cava (IVC) occurred in 12.3% and in the main renal vein (RV) in 16.9% of the patients. It was possible to visualize the entire retrohepatic IVC by ultrasound in 62%, as well as the RV of the tumor-bearing kidney along its length or in the proximity of the IVC in 85% of the cases. Among the assessable caval sonograms (60 of 65), endoluminal tumor thrombin were recognized in all 8 cases (accuracy 100%; sensitivity and specificity 100%). Among the assessable sonograms of the RV (55 of 65), venous tumor extension was identified in 10 of 11 cases (accuracy 98%, sensitivity 91%; specificity 100%). Compared with the results of transfemoral cavography, sonography apparently provides more information on endoluminal venous tumor extension. PMID- 6540918 TI - [Familial pheochromocytoma]. AB - A familial pheochromocytoma disease is described on the basis of two siblings and a cousin. The main symptoms consisted of troubles with the eyes, inclination to perspire and high blood pressure. Special in this family disease was the marriage between relatives. The method of surgery consisted in a transverse upper abdominal incision with excellent surgical exposure. PMID- 6540919 TI - [Ureterocalicostomy--reserved for special cases]. AB - Uretero calicostomy is a valuable technique in patients with uretero-pelvic obstruction, if a reconstruction to obtain anatomical drainage cannot be achieved. Ten cases of inferior and one of superior uretero-calicostomy, in a total of ten patients, are reported. The operation was performed eight times as a primary and three times as a secondary procedure. Good drainage of the kidney was achieved in eight of the 11 cases. The indication for ureterocalicostomy is discussed. It is rare especially in cases of malignancy. PMID- 6540920 TI - [Distension treatment of the urinary bladder]. AB - Three patients were treated with hydrostatic pressure therapy (bladder distension) for different pathology, two with success, and one without effect. On the basis of preliminary results authors suggest the procedure in selected cases. PMID- 6540921 TI - [The interprostatic "partial catheter" (urologic spiral) II]. AB - The intraprostatic partial catheter or the so-called "Urological Spiral" (US) is a novel development which was first used and tested with suitable urological patients in May 1978. - The "Urological Spiral" which is made of coiled rust proof steel and can be used for implantation purposes can give unimpaired spontaneous miction back to patients where an operative removal of the prostatic urethra occlusion (caused by prostate adenoma or prostate carcinoma) has not been feasible by the therapeutic methods known so far. With inlying US the physiological valve function of the urethra makes a spontaneous healing up of an ascending bladder infection possible caused by ascension. The patency of the prostatic urethra is optimally secured by the shape und the elastic construction of the US. Judging from the experiences gained so far there are no essential contra-indications and the complication rates are very low. Insertion and removal of the US can be carried out by common urological instruments as e.g. urethroscope and elastic foreign-body removing forceps. There is no danger for the patient. The inserting and the removing of the US take place under local anaesthesia of the bladder and cause no discomfort to the patient.- This treatise ist the first to report on the experiences of the regular use of the intraprostatic partial catheter (US) on a larger number of patients and it is the first to give a critical assessment. The present construction has been considerably improved compared to the first prototypes of 1978.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6540922 TI - [Histamine in the urogenital tract]. AB - Tissue histamine determination in the urogenital tract showed that there are significant differences concerning tissue histamine content between intraoperative and postmortem tissue samples. The difference appeared to be most significant in the case of renal pelvis samples, where the decrease was about 90% in the autopsie material compared to intraoperative tissues. In comparing tissue histamine content in special organs of different animal species we discovered considerable differences; e.g. in the ureter of the dog we measured 30 micrograms/g tissue - where as against the values in man amounted to only 6 micrograms/g tissue. The physiological meaning of the different tissue histamine levels is unknown. PMID- 6540923 TI - [Crossed dystopia of the kidney and an ectopic ureteral orifice]. AB - We report on a case of crossed renal ectopia with fusion and a refluxing single ectopic ureteral orifice in the prostatic urethra in a renal transplant recipient. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a chronic urinary tract infection and a refluxing ectopic ureteral stump. Crossed ectopia with fusion was found intraoperatively. Nephroureterectomy cured the urinary tract infection. PMID- 6540924 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the testis]. AB - A very rare case of epidermoid cyst of the testis is being reported; the tumor was enucleated and the testicle preserved after evaluating the patient's history, clinical and especially ultrasonographic data. The literature is also being reviewed. PMID- 6540925 TI - Optical urethrotomy as ambulatory procedure. AB - Optical urethrotomy is a relatively new means of treating urethral stricture. We performed the procedure on 100 ambulatory patients using only topical anesthesia and sedation in some. The patients were followed a minimum of one year. Our success rate for cure following one procedure was 66 per cent; however, those patients not cured required less frequent dilations after urethrotomy. We believe that this is a safe and effective means of treating urethral strictures in the outpatient setting with little morbidity and discomfort and with considerable economic savings. PMID- 6540926 TI - [Experimento-clinical basis for using papain in purulent surgery]. AB - Experimental injections of a home-made proteolytic enzyme of vegetative origin- papain--in doses 5 to 36 mg/kg have not provoked any toxic effect upon the body and the serous membranes. The clinical use of 0.2-0.5% papain solution for the local treatment of purulent processes has proved its high proteolytic activity and its ability to shorten the first phase of the wound process. The preparation does not cause any local or general complications and can be successfully used in purulent surgery in hospital and in out-patient practice. PMID- 6540927 TI - [Surgical treatment of tuberculosis of non-pulmonary localization]. AB - Experiments in 86 rabbits and observation of 360 patients have shown the antibacterial therapy to be of limited use for the treatment of non-pulmonary tuberculosis. It was found that the antibacterial therapy failed to result in healing the caseous-destructive foci and to cure turebculosis of kidneys, bones, joints, female genitals and lymph nodes. It is considered to be a reason for surgical procedures according to principles of the focal surgery on non-pulmonary tuberculosis elaborated by P. G. Kornev and his school. PMID- 6540928 TI - Economics of mastitis control. AB - Mastitis control is a continuing process that should be applied to all herds without relaxation. Programs likely to achieve widespread adoption must emphasize control of all pathogens rather than eradication of specific pathogens. Although none of the methods available at this time provide complete protection, the devastating losses from mastitis can be minimized with current technology in the vast majority of dairy herds. A control method similar to the Five-Point Program of Mastitis Control just discussed has the greatest utility. The program is not dependent upon examination by specialists, can be applied to any herd, is effective against common pathogens, results in a profit of $3 to $5 for each dollar invested, reduces clinical mastitis, and is flexible to permit refinement as additional knowledge becomes available. Failure of the Five-Point Plan of Mastitis Control in a small number of herds that seemingly are well managed is often due to failure of the farmer to apply the methods properly. In some instances, the farmer may perceive that he is following the full control program when, in reality, he is following only a part of the program. Overlapping and complementary components are of greatest value. Control methods that aim at a particular organism are highly dependent upon advisory personnel and supporting laboratories and have little chance of reaching a majority of dairy herds. Not only will the conscientious application of the Five-Point Program of Mastitis Control return 300 to 500 per cent on investment, but the quality of milk ultimately reaching the consuming public will be improved and the dairy farmer will, in effect, be helping to protect his present and future market. Herds with a high level of infection obviously stand to realize greater increase in profits from initiating a mastitis control program. This is because herds with a low level are already reaping the benefits. Nevertheless, implementing or continuing an effective mastitis control program is a wise and prudent decision for all dairy farmers. PMID- 6540929 TI - The cellular IgE response of rodents to infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, Trichinella spiralis and Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The IgE response at the cellular level to helminthic infection was studied in BALB/c mice inoculated with the infective larvae of the nematodes Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) or Trichinella spiralis (Ts) or with the cercariae of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni (Sm). Changes in mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cell number, cell surface(s) IgD, IgM, IgE and Thy-1.2 and intracytoplasmic (c) IgE were recorded. In addition, a comparable study was conducted in rats infected with Nb. At 11 days after infection (DAI) of mice with Nb or Ts, or rats with Nb, there was a 3-fold increase in cell number in the MNL. There was a marked increase in cell number in the MLN of mice infected with Sm at 7 weeks after infection (WAI) and in the spleens of Sm-infected mice at 4 WAI. The percentage of cIgE+ cells increased from undetectable levels in uninfected mice and rats to as high as 0.5-1.3% in the MLN of helminth-infected mice and rats. Analysis of cell surface molecules with a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) showed that Nb and Ts infection induced slight increases in the percentages of B cells and slight decreases in the percentage of T cells. More remarkably, the percentage of sIgE+ cells in the MLN of both Nb- and Ts-infected mice rose from undetectable levels in uninfected mice to 33 and 27%, respectively, at 15 DAI. This rise was stimulated in Ts-infected mice predominantly by adult Ts. In the MLN of Nb-infected rats, the percentage of cells that were sIgE+ was greater than 50% at 15 DAI. However, there was no detectable increase in sIgE+ cells in the spleen and MLN of Sm-infected mice until 5 WAI; peak levels of approximately 20% sIgE+ cells were reached at 8 WAI. Treatment of MLN cells from mice infected with Nb, Ts or Sm and rats infected with Nb, with pH 4.0 acetate buffer for 1 min (acid treatment) removed all detectable sIgE from greater than 90% of the sIgE+ cells, but did not remove sIgD or sIgM from cells with these surface isotypes. The effect of acid treatment on sIgE was similar even after a secondary infection of mice or rats with nematode larvae. These data show that helminthic infection, in general, is a potent stimulator of the IgE system at the cellular level and that almost all of the sIgE+ cells that arise have acquired cytophilic sIgE. PMID- 6540930 TI - [High-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of terminal cancer patients]. AB - High-dose corticoid therapy was assessed in 36 patients with end-stage cancer of various different types. These patients were compared with a control group of patients with terminal cancer on a conventional palliative regimen without corticoid therapy. Euphoria, a decrease in the required dose of analgetic and psychopharmacological drugs and an anti-inflammatory effect in cases with peritumorous oedema were observed in 27 patients. PMID- 6540931 TI - [Determination of the bioavailability of cadmium in mushrooms in a feeding experiment with rats; relevance for man]. AB - A pulverized mixture of Agaricus species known to accumulate cadmium, mixed 15:85 with standard rat diet, was fed to a group of growing rats. The mixture contained 3.87 micrograms Cd/g dry weight. A control group received the standard rat diet alone (0.08 microgram Cd/g). During the feeding period of 6 weeks the animals of both groups excreted about 90% of the ingested cadmium in the faeces. In comparison to the control group, the experimental group accumulated much more cadmium in liver, kidneys, and remaining carcass. While it is concluded that the bioavailability of cadmium contained in mushrooms is not less than that of cadmium contained in other feeds and foods, most mushroom species do not contain more cadmium than other vegetables. In humans the average cadmium intake from the total diet is considerably below the tolerable level. Generalized warnings against consumption of mushrooms are therefore not considered necessary. PMID- 6540932 TI - [Fetal arrhythmia]. AB - Our present knowledge of fetal arrhythmias is described with reference to the literature and to the authors' personal experience. Most types of arrhythmia are harmless. Fetal tachyarrhythmias are of clinical importance, because of the danger of fetal cardiac insufficiency, and atrioventricular blocks because they are closely associated with infantile heart defects and maternal collagen disease. Problems of diagnosis and management are discussed. PMID- 6540933 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies of the HPL concentration in the mature human placenta]. AB - The differences of HPL-concentration in different sections of the placenton are shown in twenty placentas by means of immunocytochemistry. The less mature villi of the plascenton centre demonstrate a lower concentration of HPL as the placenton periphery. The X-cells of the basal plate are recognised of fetal origin because of their HPL content. PMID- 6540934 TI - [Pregnancy in adolescence]. AB - The retrospective study compares the pregnancy, labour, lying-in period and the newborn of adolescents with corresponding data for a group of mothers aged 21 to 30. Both groups were the same size. Menarche had been 6-7 months earlier on average for the pregnant adolescents. Pregnancy was complicated in the teenage group by a markedly higher incidence of gestosis, greater frequency of pregnancy anaemia, and a tendency to deliver prematurely. Medical care during pregnancy was found to have been much more inadequate for this group. With onset of labour more often spontaneous, shorter labour, and the rate of spontaneous delivery increased, labour and delivery could be rated as free from complications and low risk. There was no evidence that morbidity during the lying-in period was greater for the juveniles. The newborn was found to be at greater risk in the adolescent group, with perinatal mortality predominantly linked to the incidence of premature births. PMID- 6540935 TI - [Obstruction of the fetal urinary system caused by a urethral valve--a case report]. AB - On a routine sonography in the 33rd week of pregnancy a massively dilated urinary tract was discovered in the fetus. Therapy consisted in Caesarean section and in bilateral percutaneous nephrostomy. The diagnostic and therapeutic problems in fetal urinary tract obstruction are discussed. PMID- 6540936 TI - [Diagnosis of feto-maternal macrotransfusion--a case report]. AB - Fetal heart rate monitoring traces showing sinusoidal pattern associated with a feto-maternal macrotransfusion of about 200 ml blood are described. PMID- 6540937 TI - [Individual features of rat behavior: manifestations of anxiety]. AB - Motor agitation developing in some white rats during painful stimulation of other individual decreases under the action of phenasepam (the most effective drug used in clinic in cases of neurotic alarm). This effect is accompanied by strengthening of tendency to reside in closed space. After phenasepam injection, increased not goal-directed motor activity developing against the background of reduced alimentary reactions also decreases in a part of grey rats selected by their ability to extrapolate, while their alimentary behaviour intensifies. Thus, initial peculiarities of behaviour i.e. enhanced motor activity not directed to fulfillment of the above forms of inborn behaviour (residing in closed space and eating) may be considered as a manifestation of anxiety. In this case, these forms of behaviour have a defensive function. PMID- 6540939 TI - [Alimentary and defensive reactions in rabbit in response to intraventricular administration of 8-azaguanine and pentagastrin]. PMID- 6540938 TI - [Electrical activity of the rat brain following antenatal hypoxia]. AB - EEG and EPs in the visual and parietal neocortical areas and the hippocampus were studied in freely behaving rats at the age of two-three months after antenatal hypoxia. Increase of spectral power in delta and theta bands and its decrease in alpha and beta bands in the background EEG and in responses to a protracted light stimulation were observed in experimental animals in comparison to control ones. The most pronounced changes were observed in the parietal cortex and hippocampus. The character of changes in latencies and the share of individual EP components recorded point to an accelerated excitation reverberation in neuronal networks in response to afferent stimuli and to a prolongation of after-discharges in the parietal cortex and hippocampus testifying to peculiarity of information processing in these brain structures. On the basis of other authors' data, certain parallelism is supposed to exist between the electrophysiological parameters in experimental animals and some groups of children with mental retardation. PMID- 6540941 TI - The phase relation between a circadian rhythm of the rabbit and different light: dark time ratios. PMID- 6540940 TI - [Interraction of alimentary and defensive reactions induced by stimulation of the hypothalamus]. PMID- 6540942 TI - [Microsurgery of the fallopian tube]. AB - 9 per cent of all patients with female sterility are indicated to be operated on. After discussing the conditions for microsurgery the indications like salpingolysis, ovariolysis, fimbrioplasty, salpingoneostomia, anastomosis, conservative operations of ectopic pregnancy and endometriosis are argued in detail. Microsurgery improves pregnancy rates about 20 per cent. The principles of microsurgery should have a wider entrance in gynecologic operations. PMID- 6540943 TI - [Characteristics of the brain lesion in experimental alcoholism in young animals]. AB - Morphohistochemical changes in the cortical structures were studied comparatively in 56 adult and young rats during two-month alcoholization and after its discontinuation. It was demonstrated that in young animals, both compensatory processes and signs of damage were more pronounced, with various cerebral components reacting differently. Thus, the neuronal bodies displayed little change while there were marked impairments in their axons. Young animals exhibited greater vascular damage whereas their glial reaction was on the contrary more adequate to experimental conditions. Nevertheless, young animals in our model experiments showed no irreversible impairments in their cerebral cortex which could be indicative of the malignancy of juvenile alcoholism. In short-term temporary alcohol intoxication, the morphofunctional resources of the cortex can recover completely following ethanol withdrawal. Evaluating the alterations detected in the cortical nerve tissue, it appears reasonable to classify them as a manifestation of the morphohistochemical constituent of the multi-level protective compensatory syndrome in alcoholism. PMID- 6540944 TI - Changes in serum somatomedin and growth hormone concentrations after 3 weeks oestrogen substitution in post-menopausal women; a pilot study. AB - Oestrogens have a preventive effect on bone loss in post-menopausal women; however, little is known about their mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in somatomedins (SM) and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in serum in post-menopausal women after 3 weeks of substitution with 20 micrograms ethinyloestradiol. A significant decrease was observed in the mean serum levels of SM, measured by bioassay (0.66 +/- 0.07 vs 0.38 +/- 0.07, P less than 0.01), radioimmunoassay (0.62 +/- 0.08 vs 0.34 +/- 0.03, P less than 0.01) and radioreceptorassay (1.14 +/- 0.11 vs 0.90 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.01). The mean serum GH concentration increased (9.4 +/- 3.2 vs 16.5 +/- 4.6, P less than 0.01). A positive role of SM and GH in the changes of bone metabolism after oestrogen substitution in post-menopausal women is discussed. PMID- 6540945 TI - Twin research 4. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Twin Studies. London: 28 June-1 July 1983. Part B: Twin psychology and behavior genetics. PMID- 6540946 TI - Twins and chronogenetics: correlated pathways of development. AB - Developmental processes in infant twins are considered from the standpoint of how closely synchronized the twins are for growth spurts and lags, and whether the course of mental development follows the same trajectory as physical growth. The episodes of acceleration and lag may be independent for the two domains, so than an infant who is precocious in physical growth may not necessarily be advanced in mental development. The phasing of maturational episodes appears to depend upon timed gene-action systems which unfold in sequential order, and which promote new behavioral capabilities as well as physical growth. Data are reported from a large sample of MZ twins that were followed from 3 months to 6 years of age, with measures made of height and mental development. The measures were analyzed separately for the degree of twin concordance over ages, as an indicator of how closely the twins' growth spurts were synchronized. Then the measures were correlated to determine whether the episodes of acceleration and lag occurred at the same time for height and mental development, or were out of phase. The results showed only a low-order correlation among measures, indicating that the episodes of rapid growth and lag were essentially independent for the two domains. By contrast, the twin concordance was very high for each measure separately. The results are interpreted in the broader context of timed gene action systems of extraordinary precision which initiate and regulate the episodes of growth. PMID- 6540947 TI - Within-pair differences in newborn twins: effects of gender and gestational age on behavior. AB - The behavior of 120 full term and 160 preterm newborn twins was assessed in several key areas: Irritability, soothability, reactivity, reinforcement value, and activity level. Infants were assessed during various situations so that aggregate, or summary, scores representing each behavioral area could be obtained. Evaluations were made during a feeding period, an active sleep period, an awake alert period during which orienting and interactional behaviors were observed, a quiet period during which reactivity to stress was observed, and any fussy periods during which irritability and soothability were assessed. Significant within-twin-pair concordance of behavior was obtained for each of the areas of behavior, suggesting the influence of constitutional variables on neonatal behavior. Analysis of these data by sex resulted in significant within pair concordance of behavior for same-sex but not for opposite-sex twins. The actual ratings on these behaviors differentiated between full term and preterm infants. Increased behavioral deviance was observed with increasing prematurity in the areas of soothability and activity level. The results are discussed in terms of increased risk factors for preterm twins. PMID- 6540948 TI - Features of interaction in infant twins. AB - Twins, more than any other home reared infants, experience intimate and usually continuous interaction with an age-mate from early infancy. The effects of this situation are examined and its implications for both the emotional and cognitive development are discussed in the light of evidence from two studies in which play sessions were video-recorded and subsequently analysed into behavioural categories. The first was a longitudinal study of a single pair of twins, while the second was a short-term study of interaction and cooperation in infants in the 9 to 20 months range. Five pairs of twins, 5 pairs of familiar peers, and the children's mothers were observed playing a structured cooperative game. The hypothesis is advanced that twins enjoy more emotional support but less intellectual stimulation than singletons and it is suggested that social enrichment of the environment of twins could foster social and cognitive development. PMID- 6540949 TI - Childhood sex-role behaviors: similarities and differences in twins. AB - Parents of 702 twin pairs, ages 4 through 12, completed a sex-role behavioral preference questionnaire for each cotwin. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of gender, zygosity, and age on behavioral similarities and differences between cotwins. Among same-sex cotwins, male MZ pairs were reported to behave the most similarly. Girl-boy pairs were the most dissimilar. Sex and zygosity contributed significantly to cotwin behavioral differences, with female pairs varying more on sex-typed behaviors than male pairs and DZ pairs varying more than MZ pairs. Age of twins was not a major source of differences within twin pairs. PMID- 6540950 TI - Twin similarity in the developmental transformations of infant temperament as measured in a multi-method, longitudinal study. AB - In the Louisville Twin Study, laboratory observations of twin infants' temperament at 12, 18, and 24 months were linked with parental ratings from temperament questionnaires. Core dimensions of temperament were extracted by factor analysis applied to each set of measures at each age. The laboratory temperament dimension was recurrently represented by emotional tone, social orientation, attentiveness, and reaction to restraint. The questionnaire temperament dimension was recurrently represented by mood, approach/withdrawal and adaptability. The laboratory and questionnaire dimensions were found to be correlated at each age (convergent correlations: 0.38 to 0.52) and to be stable across ages (stability correlations 0.37 to 0.66). The temperament dimensions were used to demonstrate that temperament profiles were more concordant for identical than for fraternal twin pairs. The results demonstrate the genetic influences on the primary dimensions of temperament and the developmental transformations of temperament. PMID- 6540951 TI - The role of parental attitudes in the development of temperament in twins at home, school and in test situations. AB - In the La Trobe Twin Study, data are collected on temperament and social development in 3-15 year old twins and singletons from four different sources: questionnaires to parents covering development from birth to the present plus the Bristol Social Adjustment Guide completed by the teacher, Sattler's Behavior and Attitude Checklist completed by the tester, and the Qualitative Score on the Porteus Maze Test. Particular stresses are identified which the parents perceive as distinguishing a multiple from a singleton birth. Whereas they perceive no differences between the first and second-born in birth complications, the second born is judged less favourably particularly in MZ pairs. The distinction continues in the later assessments by the teacher and tester, where in addition the male twins are seen as being different from other children both in cognition and in temperament. It is proposed that social and cognitive development of twins are interrelated and have two unique components, one related to the greater problems accompanying a multiple birth and the other to comparisons between cotwins. PMID- 6540952 TI - Self- and teacher-rated school adjustment in MZ and DZ twins. AB - In a Swedish longitudinal twin study, teacher ratings of school adjustment were collected in grades 3 and 6 for approximately 80 pairs of MZ twins, 100 pairs of DZ like-sex twins, and 70 pairs of opposite-sex twins. These same groups of twins then rated their own school adjustment in grades 4 and 6 as seen by the home, the school, their classmates, and themselves. A comparison of within-pair similarity for the different types of self-ratings tends to show more consistency and a higher concordance for MZ compared to DZ in grade 6 than in grade 4. The teacher ratings tend to show a larger and more consistent difference between MZ and DZ than the twins' own ratings. The results reported have certain implications for heritability estimates based on different types of ratings. Ratings by others thus seem to give the highest intraclass correlations, probably due to a certain halo effect. Self ratings, on the other hand, tend to fluctuate more over time at least for children before and at puberty. Also the construction of items seems to influence the magnitude of the correlations. PMID- 6540953 TI - Similarities in test scores and profiles of kibbutz twins and singletons. AB - Resemblances on five cognitive tests were compared in fifty quartets of school children. Each quartet consisted of a twin pair (MZ or DZ) and a matched singleton pair from the same kibbutz peer group. Similarities of MZs and DZs on test scores essentially replicate those reported previously in other studies. The median correlation for singleton control pairs is 0.29, as compared with that of 0.26 reported in the Texas Adoption Study for unrelated children raised in the same home. In the two spatial tests, control pairs were as similar as the DZ pairs. This suggests a more powerful influence on shared environment in aspects of perceptual performance. A new structural analysis (POSAC) of individual profiles of test scores is presented. Comparison of space diagrams of MZ, DZ, and singleton pair profiles shows systematic differences in structure among the three groups, in accordance with the predicted levels of genetic influences. Such structural differences transcend mere differences in size of correlation, and may give more stringent evidence for the respective roles of genetics and environment. PMID- 6540954 TI - Does a special twin situation contribute to similarity for abilities in MZ and DZ twins? AB - Evidence for and against the validity of the assumption of equal environments for MZ and DZ twins is reviewed, and the consequences of possible violations of the assumption are considered. Further methods of testing the validity of the assumption, as well as possible means of correcting in part for violations, are suggested. PMID- 6540955 TI - The high incidence of reading disability in twin boys and its implications for genetic analyses. AB - In 1975 the Australian Council of Educational Research (ACER) conducted a nationwide survey of literacy and numeracy in 10- to 14-year olds. A total of 297 of the 12875 children involved were twins. By age 14, only 42% of the twin boys achieved adequate standards of literacy compared with 71% of single-born boys. The deficit in twin girls was much less and twins of both sexes were only moderately behind in numeracy. A survey of 9-13-year-old twin boys in the La Trobe Twin Study (LTS) produced similar results with 75% being below average in reading skills and 23% behind by 18 months or more, despite above average IQs. The ACER data are corroborated by teachers' reports obtained in the same survey, which indicate also how few of the twins with problems are receiving remediation and the high incidence of classroom problems in spelling and reading reversals. The pattern of mistakes twins make on specific items in the ACER survey can be explained as resulting either from specific cognitive deficits or from problems in concentration. The same factors influence performance on different tasks, so that literacy and numeracy are much more closely interrelated in twins than in singletons, and also correlate more with a measure of verbal intelligence. Implications for genetic analysis of scholastic achievement are examined, centering around the different factor structure of abilities in twins and common family environmental effects which are unique to twins. PMID- 6540956 TI - Blood uric acid level and IQ: a study in twin families. AB - Applying newly devised model, heritability (VA/VP) of plasma uric acid level, corrected for age and sex and standardized, was estimated at 0.8 in families consisting of twin parents, spouses and children. Correlation between spouses due to common genotype (rho) was approximately 0.1, and variance due to common familial environment (VEC/VP) was -0.3. Analysis of families of selected twin children and their parents resulted in two estimates of heritability: approximately 0.7 and 0.3, rho being 0.34 and 0.04, and VEC/VP being 0.04 and 0.34, respectively. Regression of IQ (y) on corrected and standardized plasma uric acid level (x) in the twin children was y = 5.56x + 123, correlation being 0.334 (p less than 0.025). The result indicates a genetic basis of blood uric acid level, which may have resulted from polymorphisms in purine metabolism pathway, end product of which is uric acid in man. The significant correlation between plasma uric acid level and IQ suggests a contribution of partly common gene loci to the two quantitative traits. PMID- 6540957 TI - Swedish early separated twins: identification and characterization. AB - A sample of twins separated early in life has been identified in the Swedish Twin Registry. When the registry was compiled in 1961 (old cohort) and 1973 (young cohort), one or both members of 961 pairs indicated that they were separated by the age of 10. In May 1979, both members of 698 pairs were alive and were sent a questionnaire concerning the circumstances of separation. Items included reasons and timing of separation, biological relatedness of rearing parents, degree of contact after separation (including whether they lived in the same area, attended the same school, or lived together again), rough measures of selective placement, and current frequency of contact. An attempt was then made to categorize the pairs based on degree of separation. A total of 257 pairs met the criteria: rearing parents of one twin biologically unrelated to rearing parents of the cotwin, twins not living together again after separation, and contact after separation a few times a year or less. As much as 50% were separated by their first birthday, and 80% by the age of five. Various data from the twin registry are presented describing the entire sample of early separated twins as compared to a matched sample of twins reared together. PMID- 6540958 TI - Finnish twins reared apart. II: Validation of zygosity, environmental dissimilarity and weight and height. AB - Within the Finnish Twin Cohort of like-sexed adult twin pairs, a subgroup of pairs separated at an early age has been identified. In 165 pairs, both cotwins responded to questionnaires in 1975 and 1979. An environmental dissimilarity score was formed which consists of items on whether the twins had lived after separation in the same community, attended the same school, were on the same grade at school, how often the cotwins met, how often they met common friends and relatives and whether they attended the same clubs etc, or not. To validate the zygosity diagnosis obtained by questionnaire in 1975, those pairs whose zygosity was unknown as well as those with the least contact after separation were contacted for blood sampling (11 bloodgroups). Of 15 pairs with no zygosity diagnosis, 10 responded (1 no address,2 abroad,2 refused). Six pairs were classified MZ and 4 DZ. In 12 MZ and 8 DZ pairs undergoing bloodgroup determination, the classification of only one pair changed from DZ to MZ. The following intraclass correlations for height and weight were found. PMID- 6540959 TI - Finnish twins reared apart. III: Personality factors. AB - This study is based on data from 165 adult twin pairs separated at 10 years or less. Information on personality factors: extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N) (EPI scale short from), life satisfaction (LS) (Allardt) and stress of daily activities (SDA) was obtained as part of the questionnaire study carried out in the entire Finnish Twin Cohort in 1975. Later in 1979 a questionnaire sent to the twins reared apart yielded a scale (range 7-30 points) measuring the environmental dissimilarities after separation (reliability 0.83). The effect of separation on personality factors by analysis of variance of individual data was studied. Sex, zygosity and age-at-separation were included in the models. The overall explanatory rates were low (2.1-4.4%). The definitive study group was formed by selecting those pairs with a dissimilarity score greater than 15. The following intraclass correlations were obtained. PMID- 6540960 TI - Altruism and genetics. AB - Three questionnaires measuring altruistic tendencies were completed by 573 adult twin pairs from the University of London Institute of Psychiatry Volunteer Twin Register. The questionnaires consisted of a 20-item Self-Report Altruism Scale, a 33-item Empathy Scale, and a 16-item Nurturance Scale, all of which had previously been shown to have construct validity. For the three scales, the intra class correlations for the 296 MZ pairs were 0.53, 0.54, and 0.49, and for the 179 same-sex DZ pairs were 0.25, 020, and 0.14, giving rough estimates of broad heritability of 56%, 68%, and 72%, respectively. Maximum-likelihood model-fitting revealed about 50% of the variance on each scale to be associated with genetic effects, virtually 0% to be due to the twins' common environment, and the remaining 50% to be due to each twins' specific environment and/or error associated with the test. PMID- 6540961 TI - A bivariate path analysis of fear data on twins and their parents. AB - A simple path model applicable to twins and their parents and involving both cultural and genetic transmission in the presence of phenotypic assortative mating was extended to cover the bivariate case. The model allows for cross assortative mating as well as cross cultural transmission. It was applied to two correlated measures derived from a fear survey questionnaire given to 1000 subjects. In allowing for the impact of more than one variable, the model allows for a much more realistic picture of cultural transmission than provided by the univariate model. The logic of the model and an application are outlined. (The authors are indebted to Professor R.J. Rose for providing the illustrative data.) PMID- 6540962 TI - Detecting sex-associated variation with the families of MZ and DZ twins. AB - Phenotypic variation in human population may contain contributions from a number of different sex-associated genetic influences. These influences include maternal effects, the effects of sex-linked loci, and the effects of sex-limited autosomally linked loci. The families produced by MZ and DZ twins provide statistics which permit the detection and estimation of these effects. In particular, they provide statistics derived from various types of age-matched half-sibs and cousins in addition to those derived from the more usually studied full-sib or parent-offspring relationships. Specific models for genetic maternal effects, sex-linkage and sex-limitation are used to explore the use of extended twin design for the detection of and the discrimination between various sex associated effects. The sample sizes required to detect maternal effects and sex linkage were considered for some simple cases and it is concluded that comparison derived from the progeny of twins will often provide better tests for these effects than those derived from parent-offspring comparison. PMID- 6540963 TI - Behavioural genetics of early childhood: fears, restlessness, motion sickness and enuresis. AB - Seventy-nine pairs of same-sex twins were examined at the age of three years at a municipal clinic and their mothers were interviewed to assess the twins' current and past behaviours. The zygosity was determined after the interview by fingerprints and/or bloodtyping in the majority of cases. The following significant differences in concordance between monozygotic and dizygotic twins were found: fear of strangers during observation at the clinic; marked fear of strangers in the first year of life; whether or not the child was startled by sudden noises during infancy; whether or not the child was able to sleep alone at three years without a parent sitting nearby; susceptibility to motion sickness; nocturnal enuresis; short attention span or restlessness during the test. PMID- 6540964 TI - Health related psychosocial correlates of neuroticism: a study of adult male twins in Finland. AB - Some health related psychosocial correlates of the Eysenck neuroticism scale were examined in a questionnaire study of 1501 monozygotic (MZ) and 3455 dizygotic (DZ) male twin pairs representing the adult male twin population in Finland. In analyses of the individuals, 34% of the variance in neuroticism was associated to: psychological variables (stress of daily activities, life satisfaction, quality of sleep, and extroversion - the explanatory rate of this variable set was 30%), psychotropic drugs (5%), alcohol use (4%), and smoking (2%). Neuroticism was also associated to social, life change, and medical variables. In pairwise analyses, the heritability estimate (h2) was 0.54 for pairs living together and 0.39 for pairs living apart. It seems that heritability estimates are confounded by the closer intrapair relationship between members of MZ than DZ pairs. In pairwise analyses, 23% of the intrapair difference of neuroticism in MZ pairs was associated to intrapair differences in the aforementioned variables. The following explanatory rates were found: psychological variables, 21%; psychotropic drugs, 2%; alcohol use, 2%; and smoking, 1%. Neuroticism of pairs discordant for background variables showed similar intrapair differences as between individuals in the following variables: service vs farming work, use of alcohol, use of antacids, hypertension, heavy physical work, quality of sleep, changes of workplace for negative reasons, smoking, and use of tranquillizers. It appears that in Finland environmental factors explain at least 61% of the variability in neuroticism, and that factors determining neuroticism are also associated to health related behavior such as smoking, use of alcohol and psychotropic drugs. PMID- 6540965 TI - Psychiatric hospitalization in twins. AB - Hospitalization rates of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs in Finland were compared for schizophrenia, neuroses, and alcoholism. Record-linkage of hospital records and death certificates for the years 1972-1979 was carried out for persons in the Finnish Twin Cohort (16,649 like-sexed twin pairs). The ratio of the number of observed vs that of expected concordant pairs and the ratio of concordance rates between MZ and DZ pairs were greater among males than females, and greater among young (40 years old or less) than among older pairs. The highest difference was found in schizophrenia and the lowest in neuroses. Pairwise concordance rates for schizophrenia (11.0% for MZ and 1.8% for DZ) seem to indicate great environmental influence (high proportion of discordant pairs) with apparent genetic liability (6.1-fold ratio in concordance between MZ and DZ pairs). In neurotic disorders, the difference of pairwise concordance rates between MZ and DZ pairs (6.8% vs 4.0%) was quite low, not strongly supporting a genetic hypothesis. Of the MZ pairs concordant for psychiatric hospitalization, 47% had lived together for their whole life time; of those discordant, 16% lived together. The corresponding figures for DZ pairs were 18% and 15%. The effect of intrapair relationships in disease-concordant pairs should be taken into account when evaluating the effect of genetic and environmental factors in psychiatric disorders. PMID- 6540966 TI - Depression, criminality and psychopathology associated with alcoholism: evidence from a twin study. AB - A study of 74 twin pairs with alcoholic probands from the Maudsley Hospital is reported. Pairwise concordance for alcoholism as categorised by the SADS-L Research Diagnostic Criteria is similar in MZ twins (29%, 8/22) and DZ twins (33%, 13/39). Concordance for all diagnoses other than alcoholism is however significantly greater in MZ twins (48%, 13/27) than DZ twins (21%, 8/39, P less than 0.001). Concordance in MZ and DZ twins for all diagnoses other than alcoholism, including depression, did not coincide with concordance for alcoholism. Data on criminality revealed that 21% (32/148) of the twin sample had non-alcohol, non-traffic offences on record at the UK Home Office. Of the 32 with criminal records, 28 were alcoholic probands and pairwise concordance for criminality was found in only 1 MZ and 2 DZ pairs. PMID- 6540967 TI - [Complete remission in a patient with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6540968 TI - Influence of repeated exposure of male rats to oestrous odour on their subsequent sexual behaviour. AB - Adult and sexually naive male rats were individually, in repeated sessions, put into a box the floor of which had beforehand been scent-marked by oestrous females. The males of the control group were put into a box which had not been scent-marked. Although the males exposed to scent-marks showed, in two performed tests, significantly more precopulatory activities towards the passively receptive female, they were not able to initiating copulation with her. They initiated copulatory behaviour only in the test when their partner was a female exhibiting ritualized dartings. PMID- 6540969 TI - Ultrastructural study of enriched fractions of "tangles" from human patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Enriched fractions of "tangles" obtained from cases of Alzheimer's disease have been observed by negative staining and platinum: iridium shadowing, and also after treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. Abnormal filaments with a 80-nm periodic constriction exhibited a substructure consisting of six protofilaments. They also showed a periodic right-handed twist. Some fibrils with a 160-nm periodic constriction were made up of four protofilaments. These features are discussed in view of known fibrous protein models, especially neurofilaments. PMID- 6540970 TI - [The YAG-neodymium laser in the treatment of bladder tumors. Critical bases of its use]. PMID- 6540971 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of intravesical cisplatin in superficial bladder tumors]. PMID- 6540972 TI - The use of synthetic peptides for defining the specificity of tyrosine protein kinases. AB - The tyrosine protein kinases are a large family of enzymes that may be involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation. An important property of these enzymes is their substrate specificity. Defining the specificity of these enzymes will contribute to a greater understanding of their biological functions. Synthetic peptides provide a useful means for studying the specificities of protein kinases. The utility of synthetic peptides for specificity studies is exemplified by the results obtained with the cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. A large number of synthetic peptides have been tested as substrates for these enzymes. There are three important conclusions from this work. First, in terms of primary sequence, the two cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases both require the presence of a pair of basic residues on the N-terminal side of the phosphorylatable residue. Second, recognition of a specific secondary structure in the substrate is an equally important factor in the substrate specificities of these enzymes. Third, the specificities of the two cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases are remarkably similar in terms of both primary and secondary structure recognition. Sequences at the sites of tyrosine phosphorylation often show the presence of numerous acidic residues on the N terminal side of the tyrosine. This result led to the suggestion that these acidic residues might be important for the recognition of these sites by the tyrosine protein kinases. Specificity studies using synthetic peptides have provided some experimental verification of this concept. In the case of four tyrosine protein kinases, LSTRA cell tyrosine protein kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, insulin receptor kinase and pp60gag-yes tyrosine protein kinase, the presence of acidic residues on the N-terminal side of the tyrosine in a synthetic peptide was a favorable determinant. In the case of a fifth member of the tyrosine protein kinase family, namely pp60src kinase, the data are less clear that the presence of acidic residues is involved in substrate recognition. This enzyme readily phosphorylated several peptides that did not have acidic residues on the N-terminal side of the tyrosine. Although there is some indication that the presence of acidic residues on the N-terminal side of the tyrosine is a factor in substrate recognition by several of the tyrosine protein kinases, the changes in kinetic parameters with the various peptide substrates were rather small. In addition, some sites phosphorylated in proteins do not have any acidic residues on the N-terminal side of the phosphorylated tyrosine residue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6540974 TI - [Forskolin inhibits phagocytosis of latex particles by cultured chick retinal pigment epithelial cells]. PMID- 6540975 TI - Cardiac failure in the elderly. AB - Cardiac failure in the elderly is caused by many of the same factors that produce cardiac failure in younger individuals. However, cardiac decompensation may be attributable to certain abnormalities that occur predominantly or exclusively in the geriatric age group and certain physiologic alterations that are caused by the process of aging. Management incorporates most of the therapeutic measures used in younger individuals, with alterations designed to accommodate decreased renal function and enhance compliance. PMID- 6540973 TI - Effects of FPL-52694, a new mast cell stabilizer, on gastric secretion and various acute gastric lesions in rats. AB - Oral FPL-52694 [5-(2-hydroxypropoxy)-8-propyl-4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid Na], a new mast cell stabilizer, dose-dependently inhibited gastric acid secretion but increased the volume and pepsin output in pylorus-ligated rats. Intraduodenal FPL-52694 significantly inhibited all of the volume, acidity, acid output and pepsin output. Concerning the acidity, oral administration of the agent showed much more potent inhibition than intraduodenal administration. Oral FPL-52694 markedly inhibited the development of pylorus-ligated ulcers, water immersion stress- and aspirin-induced gastric erosions and moderately inhibited the formation of reserpine-induced gastric erosions in rats. Intraduodenal FPL 52694 also inhibited pylorus-ligated ulcers whereas it had no effect on aspirin induced gastric erosions. Histamine-induced gastric erosions were not affected by oral FPL-52694. These effects of FPL-52694 were almost the same as those of cimetidine, except that cimetidine tended to inhibit histamine-induced gastric erosions. Although the precise mechanism of action of FPL-52694 remains unknown, oral FPL-52694 appears to be a promising agent for the treatment of peptic ulcers. PMID- 6540976 TI - Therapeutic strategies for chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6540977 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in complete transposition of the great arteries. AB - Subpulmonic stenosis in complete d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) is a frequently associated malformation, the precise diagnosis of which is essential for optimal medical and surgical treatment. Sixteen patients with d-TGA and subpulmonic stenosis have been studied by M-mode and two-dimensional (2DE) echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Dynamic obstruction was found in six patients and fixed stenosis in 10. Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve without fixed obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) was present in patients with dynamic stenosis. Measurements of left ventricular end diastolic posterior wall thickness to minor semiaxis ratio correlated well (p less than 0.001) with the pressure gradient across the LVOT. Various types of anatomic fixed obstruction are described. M-mode echocardiography provides assessment of dynamic obstruction but does not allow quantitative evaluation of the length of the narrowed segment. The latter can be achieved by 2DE, which offers improved definition of different anatomic types. PMID- 6540978 TI - Combined hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with coronary arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 6540979 TI - The relative effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption from soy-based and milk based infant formulas. AB - The effect of varying concentrations of ascorbic acid on the absorption of iron from a soy-based infant milk formula containing 6 mg iron/100 g was examined in 64 adult Indian females using the extrinsic radioactive tag method. The corrected geometric mean absorption from the basic soy formula was only 1.8%. Addition of ascorbic acid in a concentration of 40 mg/100 g, did not significantly increase absorption (3.3%; t = 1.8, p greater than 0.07) but raising the concentration to 80 mg/100 g did so (6.9%; t = 2.4, p less than 0.02). No further significant increase was noted when the concentration of ascorbic acid was increased to 160 mg/100 g (7.7%; t = 0.4, p greater than 0.7). The inhibitory effect of soy on iron absorption was further demonstrated by a direct comparison between the soy based formula and a similar product based on cows' milk. The comparison was made at two concentrations of ascorbic acid. At 40 mg/100 g the geometric mean iron absorption from the soy formula was 2.4% compared with 5.3% from the milk formula (t = 2.8, p less than 0.02), while the corresponding values at 80 mg ascorbic acid/100 g were 7.2 and 19.5%, respectively (t = 3.4, p less than 0.02). The present results confirm the marked inhibitory effect of soy protein on iron absorption and calculations from the absorption figures suggest that such formulas should contain at least 12 mg/100 g iron together with ascorbic acid in a molar ratio of approximately 4:1 if they are to be adequate in terms of iron nutrition. PMID- 6540980 TI - Diet-induced thermogenesis measured over a whole day in obese and nonobese women. AB - The overall thermogenic response to food intake measured over a whole day in 20 young nondiabetic obese women (body fat mean +/- SEM: 38.6 +/- 0.7%), was compared with that obtained in eight nonobese control women (body fat: 24.7 +/- 0.9%). The energy expenditure of the subjects was continuously measured over 24 h with a respiration chamber, and the spontaneous activity was assessed by a radar system. A new approach was used to obtain the integrated thermogenic response to the three meals ingested over the day (from 8:30 AM to 10:30 PM). This method allows to subtract the energy expended for physical activity from total energy expenditure and to calculate the integrated dietary-induced thermogenesis as the difference between the energy expended without physical activity and basal metabolic rate. The thermogenic response to the three meals (expressed in percentage of the total energy ingested) was found to be blunted in obese women (8.7 +/- 0.8%) as compared with that of controls (14.8 +/- 1.1%). There was an inverse correlation between the percentage body fat and the diet-induced thermogenesis (r = -0.61, p less than 0.001). In addition, the relative increase in diurnal urinary norepinephrine excretion was lower in obese than in the control subjects. It is concluded that a low overall thermogenic response to feeding may be a contributing factor for energy storage in some obese subjects; a blunted response of the sympathetic nervous system could explain this low thermogenic response. PMID- 6540981 TI - Torulopsis glabrata sepsis appearing as necrotizing enterocolitis and endophthalmitis. AB - Torulopsis glabrata causes an increasingly frequent infection in immunocompromised adults. In a 1,910-g, 36-week, small-for-gestational-age neonate, T glabrata caused necrotizing enterocolitis and endophthalmitis. The fungus was not grown from cultures obtained from four blood specimens but was seen microscopically in methenamine silver-stained sections of resected bowel. PMID- 6540982 TI - Zinc absorption from human milk: need for zinc supplementation. PMID- 6540983 TI - Transient tachypnea of the newborn. An analysis of neonatal and obstetric risk factors. AB - Clinical data from 100 neonates with transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and 100 well neonates were compared for the relative incidence of various neonatal and obstetric factors. The incidences of male sex and macrosomia were substantially higher in infants with TTN. Obstetric histories of mothers of neonates with TTN were characterized by longer labor intervals and a higher incidence of failure to progress in labor leading to cesarean delivery. Excessive maternal sedation, perinatal asphyxia, and elective cesarean delivery without preceding labor were not seen more frequently when TTN developed. PMID- 6540984 TI - Risk factors for benign breast disease: a case-control study of discordant twins. AB - The influences of potential risk factors for benign breast disease were assessed using women twins in a matched pair design. Two groups of cases from the Kaiser Permanente Twin Registry were considered: 1) 90 pairs of female twins in which one twin reported a history of benign breast disease confirmed by biopsy and her twin reported no history of benign breast disease, and 2) 48 pairs of female twins in which the case had clinically diagnosed fibrocystic benign breast disease and her twin was free of disease at examination and reported no history of the disease. Results were similar in these two samples. A significant positive association was found between benign breast disease and coffee consumption. Oral contraceptive use and greater body mass were inversely associated with benign breast disease after controlling for possible confounding variables by matched pairs multiple logistic analysis. All associations were stronger for monozygotic than for dizygotic pairs. Twin pairs discordant for disease provide an excellent sample in which to assess the importance of potential risk factors while controlling for early environmental and genetic backgrounds. PMID- 6540985 TI - The cell surface antigen locus, MIC2X, escapes X-inactivation. AB - Recently, it was shown that the cell surface antigen defined by the monoclonal antibody 12E7 is expressed by both the human X and Y chromosomes; the gene loci on the X and Y chromosomes are referred to as MIC2X and MIC2Y, respectively. It was also shown that MIC2X is located in the region Xp22.3----Xpter and MIC2Y is in the region Ypter-Yq1.1. Here, we show that MIC2X escapes X-inactivation on structurally normal and abnormal inactive human X chromosomes. PMID- 6540986 TI - Controlled double-blind trial of dazoxiben and nifedipine in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - The prostaglandin thromboxane A2 causes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction and may be important in the pathogenesis of Raynaud's phenomenon. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to assess the effectiveness of dazoxiben, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and to compare it with nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker. Twenty-two subjects who had at least one episode of Raynaud's phenomenon per day entered the study. Three patients withdrew from the study because of side effects while taking nifedipine. There was no difference among the subjects' subjective evaluation of the three treatments. Seven of 19 (44 percent) reported a moderate to marked improvement while taking placebo compared with 12 of 19 (63 percent) taking nifedipine and five of 19 (26 percent) taking dazoxiben (p = NS). Similarly, there was no difference in the mean two-week episode rate among the three treatments: placebo 30.4 +/- 4.5, nifedipine 24.7 +/ 5.6, dazoxiben 32.0 +/- 4.9 (p = NS). Twelve of 22 subjects experienced side effects while taking nifedipine as compared with two of 21 taking placebo and eight of 21 taking dazoxiben (p less than 0.005). These data show that dazoxiben is not effective in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon and suggest that thromboxane does not cause the vasoconstriction that characterizes this disorder. PMID- 6540987 TI - Increased releasable vascular plasminogen activator and a bleeding diathesis. AB - A 66-year-old man with metastatic prostatic carcinoma treated with high-dose (5 mg) diethylstilbestrol therapy underwent orchiectomy to allow discontinuation of estrogen. An extensive ecchymosis developed postoperatively in an area covered by elastic dressing tape; subsequently, it was learned that the patient had a recent history of frequent ecchymoses with mild trauma that proceeded to vesiculation. His alpha2-antiplasmin level was 132 percent, fibrin split products 4 micrograms/ml, and fibrinogen 293 mg/dl; routine coagulation results were normal. However, the level of releasable vascular plasminogen activator in a specimen drawn prior to surgery was 3.6 CTA units/ml, the highest value ever reported in this laboratory. PMID- 6540988 TI - Immune thrombocytopenia and Gaucher's disease. AB - A 35-year-old Ashkenazi woman with Gaucher's disease was evaluated for persistent thrombocytopenia. The diagnosis of Gaucher's disease was made by bone marrow aspiration and confirmed by the determination of glucocerebrosidase levels in leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. Studies of platelet-associated IgG and in vivo platelet survival demonstrated immune-mediated destruction of platelets consistent with immune thrombocytopenic purpura. A trial of prednisone had no effect on the platelet count. Total splenectomy resulted in a complete and prolonged remission. The clinical implications of Gaucher's disease and concurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura are discussed. PMID- 6540989 TI - A digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in preeclampsia. AB - A study has been undertaken of levels of an endogenous substance which immunologically cross reacts with digoxin and may be the putative natriuretic hormone. The possibility that this substance may play a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia has been studied by measuring the plasma concentrations in clinically healthy and preeclamptic pregnant patients. A significant difference (p less than 0.001) between these two groups has been found. PMID- 6540990 TI - Premenstrual syndrome: weight, abdominal swelling, and perceived body image. AB - One hundred forty-eight menstrual cycles were studied in 52 women, and in each cycle various parameters were measured to determine an objective means of assessing the syndrome. Daily mood assessment, body weight, plasma 17 beta estradiol levels, and plasma progesterone levels were measured. The abdominal dimensions were measured in the lateral and anteroposterior diameters at the level of the umbilicus and 10 cm below; at the same time the same dimensions were measured as perceived by the patient. Mood score showed a marked increase during the premenstrual phase of each cycle. The symptom of bloatedness was marked during the premenstrual phase of the cycle. Despite these highly elevated scores for bloatedness there was no increase in body weight or the measured body dimensions in any plane. However, the patient's perception of body size did increase, and the discrepancy between the perceived body size and the actual body size (perception error) was significant. PMID- 6540991 TI - Corneal endothelial changes after argon laser iridotomy. AB - We used a continuous-wave argon laser to produce iridotomies in 28 eyes of 17 patients (12 women and five men ranging in age from 44 to 84 years) with angle closure glaucoma. We photographed the central corneal endothelium with a contact specular microscope before and after the laser iridotomy was produced. The mean number of cells before treatment was 2,516 cells/mm2 and the mean number after treatment was 2,391 cells/mm2. The mean decrease, therefore, was 125 cells/mm2. This decrease was not statistically significant (P = .09). Retrogression analysis failed to show a correlation between the amount of energy necessary to produce the iridotomy and a decrease in endothelial cell density. Retrogression analysis also failed to show a correlation between the change in endothelial cell density and the time between the laser iridotomy and the performance of postoperative specular microscopy (one to 41 weeks). PMID- 6540994 TI - Age-related macular degeneration. The Macular Photocoagulation Study. PMID- 6540993 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation for macular edema in branch vein occlusion. PMID- 6540992 TI - Reopening filtration fistulas with transconjunctival argon laser photocoagulation. AB - Three patients (a 15-year-old girl, a 45-year-old woman, and a 61-year-old woman) with previously successful full-thickness filtering procedures developed pigmented tissue in the fistula sites and uncontrolled intraocular pressures despite maximum tolerable medical therapy. The filtering procedures in the first and second patients spontaneously failed two and four years after surgery. The filtration bleb of the third patient, after successfully controlling intraocular pressure for six years, failed two months after cataract extraction. Argon laser therapy was applied through the conjunctiva to treat visible subconjunctival pigmented tissue within the sites of the previous surgical filtration blebs. In all three cases, there was an immediate and significant decrease in intraocular pressure associated with reestablishment of the filtration bleb (from 44 to 16 mm Hg in Case 1, from 40 to 15 mm Hg in Case 2, and from 25 to 12 mm Hg in Case 3). Long-term follow-up showed well controlled intraocular pressures without glaucoma medications (Case 1, 5 mm Hg after 18 months; Case 2, 17 mm Hg after one year; and Case 3, 9 mm Hg after five months). PMID- 6540995 TI - Vitreous changes after neodymium-YAG laser irradiation of the posterior lens capsule or mid-vitreous. PMID- 6540996 TI - Otitis media: the middle ear effusion total white cell count. AB - The middle ear effusion (MEE) total white cell count (TWCC) was correlated with clinical and bacteriologic data in 184 MEEs from 125 patients diagnosed as having acute primary and recurrent otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion. The MEE total white cell count was classified as high, low, or acellular. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes predominate in the MEE having a high TWCC. The overall incidence of culture-positive MEE was 62.5 percent. A cellular component was found in 81 percent of the MEEs, 63 percent having a neutrophilic-predominant high TWCC. In very young children (up to 2 years old) a neutrophilic-predominant high TWCC was found in 80 percent of MEEs as compared with 28 percent in patients over 5 years old. According to the MEE type, neutrophilic-predominant high TWCCs were found in 89 percent of the purulent effusions, 46 percent of the mucoid, and 35 percent of the serous effusions. The incidence of neutrophilic-predominant high TWCC was 78 percent in acute primary 76 percent in recurrent otitis media and 18 percent in chronic otitis media with effusion. The impact of age on the MEE cellularity was shown to be independent of the chronicity of the disease. The incidence of neutrophilic-predominant high TWCC in MEE in which Streptococcus Pneumoniae or Hemophilus influenzae was identified was 85 percent and 92 percent respectively. The diagnostic value of a high TWCC in predicting a culture positive MEE was shown by a sensitivity of 83 percent, false positivity of 25 percent, and false negativity of 27.5 percent. PMID- 6540997 TI - Effects of X chromosome on size and shape of body: an anthropometric investigation in 47,XXY males. AB - The effects of an extra X chromosome on size and shape of body and head were studied in 47,XXY males; 25 anthropometric measurements were recorded from 29 adult 47,XXY males and compared with those of male relatives and control males. In stature, arm length, leg length, triceps skinfold, and subscapular skinfold 47,XXY males were larger and in biacromial diameter, bideltoid breadth, wrist breadth, and in most head dimensions smaller than normal males. Arm length was increased less than leg length. Increase in stature seemed to be caused solely by increased leg length, and the somewhat feminine proportions in trunk were caused by decrease in biacromial diameter. Correlations of the body and head dimensions between 47,XXY males and their male relatives were found to be normal. The present findings support the earlier proposals that X chromosome carries genes which influence linear growth. It is suggested that the reduction in biacromial diameter is caused by lowered plasma testosterone level which may also have affected sitting height. The control of body and head dimensions seems to be maintained relatively normal. PMID- 6540998 TI - Tail raising by baboon mothers toward immigrant males. AB - Behavioral responses of adult females to recently immigrated adult males were examined in two groups of chacma baboons in the Moremi Wildlife Reserve, Botswana. Mothers carrying infants respond negatively by raising their tails, avoiding, and screaming when in proximity to immigrant males. These responses are not given by mothers when their infants are away from them or by females who do not have infants. Also, the negative responses by mothers carrying infants are given only to immigrant males and not to long-term resident males. These observations are in concordance with the growing evidence of infanticide in savanna baboon societies: mothers would be expected to show negative responses to potentially aggressive males, particularly immigrants. There was evidence to suggest that mothers respond negatively to immigrants only insofar as these males could not have sired their infants. If confirmed by subsequent observations, this result would lend support to the sexual selection model of infanticide. PMID- 6540999 TI - Body hair growth in women: normal or hirsute. AB - The distribution and density of terminal hair growth in 19 different body regions in 113 women of fertile age complaining of embarrassing hair growth (group A) are compared with the findings in 100 normal women of comparable age (group B). Apart from three regions the former group demonstrated significantly more frequent and heavier hair growth than the latter. A stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the best separation between the two groups could be obtained by assessing the hair growth in the lip, chin, and public region. With this set of variables, four women from group A were incorrectly classified as belonging to group B and one woman from group B was classified as belonging to group A. The serum concentration of testosterone was significantly higher and the serum concentration of TeBG significantly lower in group A than in group B (P less than 0.001). Menstrual pattern, body weight, and hereditary factors in group A vs. group B support the impression that the increased terminal hair growth found in group A is due to physiological factors. From the present data it can be concluded that appraisal of the facial and public terminal hair growth should in most cases be sufficient for separating possible hirsutism from normal hair growth in women. PMID- 6541000 TI - [Current problems of clinical neonatology]. PMID- 6541001 TI - [Diagnosis of intrauterine fetal distress by assessing its respiratory and motor activity]. PMID- 6541002 TI - [Dynamics of the omega potential in newborn infants with a history of hypoxia at birth]. PMID- 6541003 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of various hemodynamic indicators in women in different physiological conditions]. PMID- 6541004 TI - [Apropos of a case for deductions and conclusions in gynecologic practice]. PMID- 6541006 TI - Lymph node involvement in a humoral immune response. AB - Mice were primed subcutaneously in the hind footpads with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and boosted intravenously 10 weeks later. The appearance of cells with cytoplasmic anti-HRP antibody was studied in several lymph nodes. It appeared that following intravenous boosting antibody-forming cells appeared in significant numbers in the popliteal, the lumbar, and (in some animals) the sciatic lymph nodes exclusively. In the other lymph nodes examined specific antibody-forming cells were observed only occasionally. By subcutaneous injection of Evans blue in the hind footpads it was shown that the subcutis of the hind footpads of these animals is drained by the popliteal lymph nodes, the lumbar lymph nodes, and (to a lesser degree) the sciatic lymph nodes. The presence of trapped immune complexes within lymph node germinal centers was confined to these three nodes. Based on these findings, it is concluded that specific antibody forming cells during the secondary response in these mice are induced exclusively in the lymph nodes draining the site of primary immunization. PMID- 6541005 TI - Ultrastructure of the cumulus cell mass surrounding a human egg in the pronuclear stage. AB - The cumulus cell mass enclosing a penetrated human egg was studied. The egg, recovered from the Fallopian tube approximately 80 h after luteinizing hormone peak and 35 h after insemination, was surrounded by a large, expanded and dissociated cumulus. Dispersions of the outermost cumulus cell layers occurred during processing, the innermost cell layers remained attached enclosing the egg. The photomicrographs showed that the follicular cells were embedded in an intercellular matrix and contact via gap-junction-like structures between neighboring cells existed. Cumulus cell processes traversing the zona pellucida were not found. Two types of follicular cells coexisted within the cumulus, light and dark cells. These cellular types, were different in morphology and size. Light cells displayed cytoplasmic organelles normally associated with protein synthesis and steroidogenesis. Dark cells with long cytoplasmic processes were involved in sperm phagocytosis. It is suggested from the characteristics of the cytoplasmic organelles that dark cells seem to be modified light follicular cells. PMID- 6541007 TI - Determination of sex hormone-binding globulin in human semen by selective ammonium sulphate precipitation. AB - A simple method was developed to measure the SHBG capacities of human serum, semen and sperm cells. After suitable dilution, disintegration and addition of labelled dihydrotestosterone-1,2-3 H or testosterone-1,2-3 H, the SHBG was precipitated by the addition of saturated ammonium sulphate in a final concentration of 42.3%. The precipitate was centrifuged and the activity of the non-bound, labelled steroid was counted in an aliquot of the supernatant. Subtraction of this result from the total activity yielded the SHBG-bound steroid in microgram/100 ml or nmol/l. Examination of 52 males gave normal values of means = 13.91 nmol/l (S.E.M. = 0,746) dihydrotestosterone binding globulin (DHTBG) and means = 11.67 nmol/l (S.E.M. = 0.555) testosterone binding globulin (TBG) in serum, while the concentrations in the seminal plasma were means = 10.89 nmol/l (S.E.M. = 0,723) DHTBG and means = 8.93 nmol/l (S.E.M. = 0.625) TBG. means = 5.57 ng/mg protein (S.E.M. = 0.516) DHTBG and means = 4.91 ng/mg protein (S.E.M. = 0.440) TBG were found in the disintegrated sperm cells. PMID- 6541008 TI - [Assay of urinary homovanillic acid by gas phase chromatography with a capillary tube]. AB - A sensitive and specific method for the determination of urinary homovanillic acid by gas chromatography with a capillary silica fused flexible column, WCOT, SE 30 phase, is described. Homovanillyl alcohol is used as internal standard. OH and COOH functions are derivatized in a one step reaction with the mixture heptafluorobutyric anhydride - trifluoroethanol (4:1). A linear response of the detector (FID) is obtained with injected amounts of HVA ranging from 0 to more than 1000 ng (standard injected = 400 ng). The smallest detectable level of HVA is about 1 ng, corresponding to urinary levels near 0.1 mg/24 h, or 0.5 micromole/24 h. Correlations between this method and a fluorimetric determination of HVA are studied. Usual values in normal subjects are given. PMID- 6541009 TI - [Surgery and circulating antiprothrombinase-type anticoagulant in the Soulier Boffa syndrome]. AB - A case is reported of a young female patient with a circulating lupus anticoagulant. The illness, associated with several spontaneous abortions, is characterized as a "Soulier and Boffa syndrome". No severe bleeding occurred when she underwent several major operations. The clinical picture of lupus anticoagulant is discussed, as well as the perioperative management of such patients. The presence of a lupus anticoagulant, if not associated with other hemostatic defects, is not a contraindication to surgery. The risks and benefits of postoperative heparinization are recalled. Thrombin time seems to be the best coagulation test for adapting heparin doses. PMID- 6541010 TI - Intensification of milk somatic cell response to intramammary device. AB - Treatments consisting of copper-impregnated polyethylene intramammary device (PIMD-Cu), PIMD-Cu which had been abraded to ensure exposure of surface copper (APIMD-Cu), PIMD which had been abraded in an identical manner (APIMD), and an untreated control were established in mammary quarters of 2 cows. Quarters selected were bacteria free and had milk somatic cell counts (MSCC) in strippings of less than 240 X 10(3) ml. Milk somatic cell counts were determined from strippings immediately after milking and 6 hours later. Cows were monitored for 4 weeks after devices were inserted. Milk samples (250 ml) were collected and analyzed for free fatty acids, a measure of hydrolytic rancidity, at 14 days. The devices were removed from mammary quarters after 4 weeks and examined with a scanning electron microscope. Surfaces of the devices were assessed for plaque buildup and presence of leukocytes. Immediately after and 6 hours later, geometric mean MSCC for APIMD, APIMD-Cu, PIMD-Cu, and control quarters average 946/1,556, 1,479/2,882, 512/1,148, and 161/190 X 10(3) ml, respectively. There was no difference in free fatty acid values of samples from treated and control quarters. Plaque formation was observed over the entire surface of APIMD. Numerous leukocytes were found associated with plaque and appeared to initiate development of plaque. Smaller amounts of plaque were found on APIMD-Cu, and minimal amounts were found on PIMD-Cu. Results indicate that modification of PIMD by abrading or addition of copper will increase MSCC to concentrations (greater than 900 X 10(3) ml) that should be protective against establishment of infection by mastitis pathogens. PMID- 6541012 TI - Vinca alkaloids and platelet function. PMID- 6541011 TI - Serum somatomedin C concentrations following pneumonectomy. AB - Because a somatomedinlike substance appears in rabbit serum 9 days after pneumonectomy, which has the capacity to make cultured type II cells incorporate 3H thymidine into DNA, we measured serum immunoreactive somatomedin C concentrations following pneumonectomy, nephrectomy, and sham operation (thoracotomy). We found no striking differences in somatomedin C levels between the 3 groups at 5, 9, 13, 17, and 21 days postsurgery, indicating that somatomedin-C and the serum postpneumonectomy factor are unlikely to be the same. Serum somatomedin-C concentrations, however, rose following surgery in all groups, suggesting that serum somatomedin-C responds to surgical wounding. We speculate that the increase in serum somatomedin-C reflects production of somatomedin-C by the healing tissue. PMID- 6541013 TI - [Primary choriocarcinoma of the mediastinum]. PMID- 6541014 TI - [Tuberculosis of the male breast. Description of a case]. PMID- 6541015 TI - [Perinatal mortality in the Obstetro-Gynecologic Clinic of the University of Verona in the years 1977-1982]. PMID- 6541016 TI - [Treatment of serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary by a protocol consisting of 1st surgery, polychemotherapy with cisplatin as base, surgical reoperation for control, and radiotherapy and/or maintenance chemotherapy. Study of a series of 56 cases. Thoughts and prospects]. PMID- 6541017 TI - The effects of inheritance on constituents of plasma: a twin study on some biochemical variables. AB - Heritability and within-person repeatability of thirteen constituents of plasma were assessed in a study of 206 pairs of male and female twins. Repeat measurements were available on 44 pairs. For bilirubin, calcium, creatinine, phosphate and potassium, the individuality of these characteristics was genetic in origin. Total protein, albumin and globulin showed significant heritability but considerable variation between occasions, while bicarbonate, chloride, iron, sodium and urea showed mainly environmental effects. PMID- 6541018 TI - Decreased axon caliber and neurofilaments in hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type I. AB - The axons of large- and intermediate-diameter myelinated fibers of sural nerves of patients with hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, type I (HMSN-I), were previously found to be attenuated relative to their myelin spiral length. We inferred that axonal atrophy might account for secondary segmental demyelination and remyelination. To assess whether the observed axonal atrophy could be explained by a decrease in neurofilaments, we have evaluated the number of neurofilaments, microtubules, and other axon organelles in sural nerves of patients with HMSN-I. Whereas the density per square micrometer of neurofilaments or microtubules in diseased nerves was not significantly different from that in control specimens, the number of neurofilaments per axon as related to myelin spiral length was significantly less for intermediate and large myelinated fibers in HMSN-I nerves. The regression lines for the number of microtubules per axon on myelin spiral lengths were also less steep in HMSN-I, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. These results indicate that the number of neurofilaments is proportional to axon diameter but significantly below that expected considering myelin spiral length. Decreased neurofilament synthesis, assembly, or transport may underlie the axonal atrophy in HMSN-I. PMID- 6541019 TI - [Combination chemotherapy of advanced transitional cell carcinoma with cis platinum, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5-fluorouracil (CISCAF)]. AB - Ten patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma were treated with the combination chemotherapy (CISCAF) consisting of cis-platinum (CDDP), cyclophosphamide (CPM), adriamycin (ADM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). There were 8 males and 2 females with a median age of 57 years (range 33-76). Prior to this chemotherapy, all primary lesions were resected surgically; one patient received irradiation, one interferon. CDDP (15 mg/m2) with mannitol diuresis and ADM (7 mg/m2) were given daily for 5 days. CPM (200-300 mg/m2) was given on day one, and 5-FU (200-300 mg/m2) on day 2. Courses were repeated every 3-4 weeks for 3 courses and later every 2 months. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 9 for response. There were 3 (33%) partial and 2 minor responses. Survival difference between responders (PR + MR) vs non-responders (NC + PD) was significant during the 30-120 days of observation, but not significant throughout the whole period (generalized Wilcoxon test). The overall toxicity due to chemotherapy was generally mild, except for one irreversible nephrotoxicity and one gastric hemorrhage treated surgically. PMID- 6541021 TI - [Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) CDDP in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer]. AB - The effect of CDDP was evaluated in 44 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (squamous cell ca. 11 cases, adeno-large cell ca. 33 cases). Administered dosage of CDDP was in the range of 60-100 mg/m2 (60 mg/m2, 80 mg/m2, 100 mg/m2 per individual). 23 cases were treated with CDDP chemotherapy alone while the other 21 cases were combined with Vindesine (VDS). Three cases out of 18 receiving the CDDP monochemotherapy achieved partial response and the response rate was 16.7%. Six cases out of 15 receiving the CDDP + VDS cases achieved partial response and the response rate was 40.0%. Because of slow shrinkage of the lesion as revealed by chest X-ray film, evaluation of CDDP efficacy could only be done after two administrations at 3-4 week intervals. Values of serum creatine and BUN were transiently elevated with a dose-dependent tendency in the monochemotherapy cases. In combination chemotherapy cases bone marrow toxicity was the main dose limiting factor. This regimen was tolerable and it was concluded that CDDP is a useful agent for combination chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 6541020 TI - [Chemotherapy of advanced bone and soft tissue sarcoma]. AB - The primary site of metastasis of bone and soft tissue sarcoma is the lung. Control of these sarcomas depends upon the prevention and treatment of their pulmonary metastasis. The introduction of a chemotherapy consisting mainly of Adriamycin and high-dose methotrexate dramatically improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma. However the effectiveness of chemotherapy has not yet been duplicated in soft tissue sarcomas except some childhood sarcomas. We analyzed the clinical data for pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas. Based on these analyses, we tried to clarify the nature of pulmonary metastasis of these sarcomas and to evaluate its response to treatment, that this would yield clues to future treatment of these sarcomas. PMID- 6541022 TI - [Specific in vitro effects of methotrexate entrapped into liposomes bearing antibody fragments against human chorionic gonadotropin on cell growth of cultured human choriocarcinoma cells]. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) was entrapped into liposomes, to which rabbit antibody fragments (Fab') against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) had been coupled covalently, using N-[4-(p-maleimidophenyl) butyryl] phosphatidyl ethanolamine. By this system, The resulting molar ratio in the prepared liposomes was 15 MTX per Fab', and the activities of both MTX and the antibody were well preserved. The inhibitory effects of MTX entrapped in liposomes bearing anti-hCG Fab' (Lip[MTX, anti-hCG]) on the growth of choriocarcinoma cells (BeWo) in vitro were examined. The 50% inhibitory concentration of Lip[MTX, anti-hCG] was found to be 1 X 10(-3) micrograms MTX/ml, which was significantly lower than the concentrations of control groups, free MTX (2.5 X 10(-3) micrograms/ml) or MTX entrapped in liposomes bearing no antibody (Lip [MTX], 1.3 X 10(-2) micrograms/ml). The effect of the coupling of the specific antibody was more clearly demonstrated by a short time incubation (60 min) experiment. Lip [MTX, anti-hCG] exhibited marked inhibition on cell growth, compared to MTX entrapped in liposomes bearing non immunized Fab' (Lip[MTX, non-immunized Fab']). On the other hand, free MTX showed no effect in this experiment. We may conclude that Lip [MTX, anti-hCG] has a specific inhibitory effect on the growth of choriocarcinoma cells in vitro, which suggests the possibility of a specific immunochemotherapy for this disease, using the specific antibody to this tumor coupled to liposomes. PMID- 6541023 TI - [Effects of infusion of cis-platinum into the bronchial artery in lung cancer]. AB - 5 patients with histologically and/or cytologically confirmed lung cancer were treated with Cis-platinum (CDDP) infused into the bronchial artery (BAI). 2 patients with squamous cell carcinoma disclosed hypervascular type and 3 patients with adenocarcinoma demonstrated avascular or hypovascular type on bronchial arterial angiography. All patients showed more than 20% shrinkage of the tumor shadow on chest X-ray taken 2 weeks after BAI and were evaluated to be radiologically effective by Takeuchi's criteria. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma who underwent lobectomy after BAI with 100 mg of CDDP showed grade III histological effects by Shimosato's criteria. The other patient had superior vena cava syndrome and showed regression of a tumor which occluded the orifice of the right upper and showed lobe after BAI with 100 mg of CDDP. By of contrast, only 1 out of the 3 patients with adenocarcinoma who under went resection showed a grade IIa histological effect after BAI with 50 mg of CDDP. Side effects included mild gastrointestinal toxicity in 1 out of the 5 patients. In conclusion, BAI with CDDP was shown to be sufficiently useful as a chemotherapeutic modality for lung cancer, especially for patients with squamous cell carcinoma, because higher local doses can be delivered without systemic toxicity. PMID- 6541024 TI - [Antitumor activity of cisplatin in human plasma]. PMID- 6541025 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura--where do we stand? PMID- 6541026 TI - Diurnal variation in blood 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations in untreated congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Blood spot 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were measured serially over 24 hours in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency before they started treatment with glucocorticoids, and the development of diurnal rhythm in pituitary-adrenal activity was studied. Five infants aged 2 to 26 days showed an intradiem variation of 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations within the diagnostic range but without a characteristic diurnal pattern. Blood spot 17-hydroxyprogesterone values in a further eight patients aged 3 months to 6.5 years showed a diurnal rhythm, with high concentrations in the morning and a nadir in the evening. The results suggest that a diurnal rhythm in pituitary-adrenal activity may develop as early as the third month of life in those infants with an increased endogenous concentration of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. PMID- 6541027 TI - Epidermoid metaplasia in apocrine cystadenoma of the penis. An ultrastructural analysis. AB - Two cystadenomas occurring near the frenulum of the penis revealed a predominantly secretory pseudostratified columnar epithelium with PAS-reactive dome-shaped cytoplasmic protrusions at the luminal cellular parts. The content of secretory vacuoles was discharged into the cyst lumen by an exocytotic (eccrine) and ballooning type of extrusion. There were no indications of a real apocrine extrusion mechanism. No histogenetic derivation of these penile cystadenomas from apocrine sweat glands could be proved. An antennalike filamentous fuzzy coat on the luminal cytoplasmic membrane was most remarkable. Regionally, an epidermoid differentiation had developed. Morphologically, this process had begun just above the basal cell layer which had remained unchanged and led to the establishment of a stratified epithelium. Hyalin lamellarlike flattened cells at the luminal part displayed necrobiotic features and resembled periderm cells. There was no keratin pattern. Luminal cells of epidermoid differentiation still revealed a filamentous fuzzy coat which indicated that the undifferentiated cuboidal basal cells basically had a prospective secretory meaning and probably represented the target cells in the process of metaplasia. PMID- 6541029 TI - Couples with repeat spontaneous abortions: chromosome abnormalities. PMID- 6541028 TI - [Evaluation of the mental and psychomotor development of 30 pairs of twins born at the Hospital Clinico of Madrid]. PMID- 6541030 TI - Reflexes of the external urethral sphincter in children. AB - The electromyographic responses in the external urethral sphincter to electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve and stretch of the external sphincter were analyzed in a pediatric population; the population included a group with recurrent urinary tract infections and a group with complete or almost complete upper spinal cord lesions. Electrical stimulation produced a response of reflex nature mediated in the sacral spinal cord, frequently beginning with two components that could be individually characterized and that behaved similarly to a flexor reflex. The response produced by stretch appeared to be similar to that produced by electrical stimulation. PMID- 6541031 TI - Myasthenia gravis in monozygotic twins. Clinical follow-up nine years after thymectomy. AB - Genetically proved monozygotic female twins in whom myasthenia gravis developed in their 20s initially had their disease well controlled with anticholinesterase medication. Because of increasing resistance to medication, twin 1 had her thymus removed, after which the symptoms decreased. Predicated on the improvement in her sister and the need for increasing medication to allay symptoms, and after proof of monozygosity, twin 2 also underwent thymectomy, with subsequent symptomatic improvement. The twins were followed up nine and six years after thymectomy, respectively. Monozygotic twins with myasthenia gravis are generally young women, with onset of disease in one occurring within one to three years of the other. Reports of only one affected twin may be misleading because of inadequate documentation of monozygosity, absence of long-term observation, or both. Serial investigations of the "uninvolved" twin in a monozygous pair and proof of monozygosity should be obtained to aid in early diagnosis and treatment of this illness, as well as to study the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis prior to symptom onset. PMID- 6541032 TI - Cyanoacrylate adhesive used to stop CSF leaks during orbital surgery. AB - Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl Blue) tissue adhesive successfully sealed three cases of CSF leaks encountered during orbital surgery. The application of tissue adhesive was followed by prompt cessation of leak. We have found this tissue adhesive to be a valuable technical adjunct in the intraoperative management of this difficult problem and have not seen any general or local toxic reaction to the material. PMID- 6541033 TI - Gonadoblastoma-dysgerminoma in streak ovaries in a 46 XY individual. PMID- 6541034 TI - On the immunopharmacology of cancer chemotherapeutics. AB - This paper discusses a number of aspects having possible clinical relevance regarding the immunopharmacology of the chemical agents commonly employed in anticancer treatment. After describing results obtained examining the effects exerted by such drugs on cells such as NK, macrophages and suppressor elements, the following conclusions are discussed: a) that cancer chemotherapeutics even when having similar modes of cytotoxic action and possessing close structural analogies, can markedly vary in their immunological activity; b) that immunocytes exhibit an at least operational hierarchy in their sensitivity to the effect of a given drug. Experimental data on the possibility that anticancer chemicals may differentially affect given types of immune cell when present in various anatomical districts are also presented. Examples of the possible practical implications of such findings on the immunomodulatory activity of cancer chemotherapy agents are lastly discussed. PMID- 6541035 TI - Monoclonal antibodies for successful tumour imaging. AB - The monoclonal antibody HMFG-2 which is directed to an oligosaccharide determinant on a large molecular weight mucin-like molecule found in the human milk fat globule reacts positively with breast and ovarian carcinomas. The purified antibody, labelled with 123I has been used successfully to locate ovarian tumours and their metastases in 20 out of 22 patients tested. Here we discuss those features of a) the antibody, b) the antigenic site it reacts with, c) the radioactive label and d) the scanning technique, which have contributed to the successful application of HMFG-2 to the effective imaging of ovarian tumours. PMID- 6541036 TI - Chromatin condensation patterns of spermatozoa during epididymal passage in a normal and a chimeric bull. AB - Cytochemical parameters have been used to investigate the physico-chemical state of chromatin in testicular, epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa in a subfertile chimeric bull, carrier of a Robertsonian translocation 25/27. The data show a lesser degree of chromatin condensation in comparison with findings obtained in a control fertile bull. PMID- 6541038 TI - [Behavior of fallow deer in agricultural preserves]. PMID- 6541037 TI - [Demonstration of mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas in the bovine genital tract]. PMID- 6541039 TI - Isolation and identification of ecdysteroid phosphates and acetylecdysteroid phosphates from developing eggs of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria. AB - Maturing eggs of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, contain a variety of ecdysteroid (insect moulting hormone) conjugates and metabolites, four of which have been previously isolated from polar extracts and identified as ecdysonoic acid, 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid, 3-acetylecdysone 2-phosphate and ecdysone 2 phosphate. In the present study we have isolated eight additional ecdysteroids from similar late-stage eggs by high-performance liquid chromatography. The 22 phosphate esters of ecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-deoxy-20 hydroxyecdysone, all of which were first identified as ecdysteroid components of newly-laid eggs of S. gregaria, were identified by co-chromatography with authentic compounds and by physicochemical techniques. The remaining compounds were identified as 3-acetyl-20-hydroxyecdysone 2-phosphate, 3-epi-2-deoxyecdysone 3-phosphate, 3-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate and 2-acetylecdysone 22-phosphate by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, p.m.r. spectroscopy and analysis of the steroid moieties after enzymic hydrolysis. The latter two compounds, after isolation, are susceptible to nonenzymic acetyl migration and deacetylation to give mixtures of ecdysone 22-phosphate and its 2- and 3-acetate derivatives. The possible role and significance of these ecdysteroid conjugates with respect to the control of hormone titres in insect eggs is discussed. PMID- 6541040 TI - Rapid elevation of plasminogen activator activity in rat tissues by prolactin. AB - Administration of ovine prolactin resulted in a rapid and significant induction of plasminogen activator activity within two hours in the rat adrenal gland, heart, aorta and liver. Prolactin exposure reduced baseline proteolytic activity in lung and skeletal muscle at 6-8 hours following hormonal challenge. This was coincident with a return toward baseline levels in enzyme activity demonstrated in other tissues. Pretreatment with actinomycin D or cycloheximide ameliorated the enzymic induction in the liver and adrenal and partially inhibited the aortic response. These data suggest that prolactin exposure leads to increased proteolytic activity through de novo biosynthesis in a variety of solid organs. In addition, pro-enzyme activation may also occur in vascular tissue. PMID- 6541041 TI - Effect of lipid composition changes on carbocyanine dye fluorescent response. AB - Egg yolk phosphatidyl choline liposomes containing variable amounts of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol or phosphatidyl serine demonstrated important variations in the fluorescence of 3.3' dipropylthiodicarbocyanine. When the membrane contained no cholesterol, fluorescence was not correlated with membrane fluidity as measured by diphenyl hexatriene polarization. Increasing cholesterol concentration in valinomycin containing liposome membranes decreased the potassium induced apparent membrane potential and prevented sorption of dye to the membrane. Discontinuity in the apparent potential occurred at 30 mol% cholesterol but could not be correlated with changes in microviscosity. These results indicate that great care should be taken when correlating rapid variations of fluorescence to changes in membrane potential. We propose that changes in phospholipid metabolism could well explain fluorescent changes when monitoring the fluorescence of cyanine dye molecules sorbed to biological membranes. PMID- 6541042 TI - Effects of calmodulin antagonists on human ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vitro. AB - Examined were effects of calmodulin antagonists (W-5 and W-7) on proliferation of two kinds of human cell lines, designated HR and KF, derived from serous cystadecarcinoma of the ovary. Although both W-5 and W-7 inhibited their cell proliferation in vitro, the degree of inhibition was more marked with W-5 rather than with W-7. HR cells had higher sensitivity to cisplatinum than KF cells, while KF cells had higher sensitivity to adriamycin. Combinations of calmodulin antagonists and anti-cancer drugs resulted in adjuvant effects with regard to the inhibition of their cell proliferation in vitro. PMID- 6541043 TI - Evidence that aldolase and D-arabinose 5-phosphate are components of pentose pathway reactions in liver in vitro. AB - An immunochemical procedure involving the reaction of liver aldolase antibody and rat liver enzyme preparation shows that conversion of ribose 5-P to hexose 6-P by reactions of the non-oxidative pentose pathway fails to occur in the absence of aldolase activity. Radioautography of pentose pathway products formed by liver enzyme catalysis of [U-14C] arabinose 5-P and unlabelled ribose 5-P illustrates the incorporation of 14C into ketopentose, sedoheptulose, fructose and glucose phosphates. There is approximate congruity of the mole specific radioactivity of the pentose and hexose phosphates. These findings are consistent with the proposal that L-pentose pathway reactions constitute the non-oxidative segment of the pathway in liver. PMID- 6541044 TI - Isolation and structures of the third major type of carbohydrate units in polysialoglycoproteins from rainbow trout eggs. AB - The structures of the third major type of oligosialyloligosaccharides obtained by alkali-borohydride treatment of polysialoglycoproteins of the unfertilized eggs of rainbow trout have been determined to be: alpha-L-fucosyl-(1----3)-beta-N acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(1----3)-beta-D- galactosyl-(1----4)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1 ---3)-[[(----8)-alpha-N- glycolylneuraminyl-(2----)]n-(----6)]-N-acetyl-D galactosaminitol with n = 1 to 4. The proportion of the fucose-containing units in 3 major carbohydrate units present in fish egg polysialoglycoproteins was found to be highly species-specific and only 6% in the eggs of rainbow trout. PMID- 6541045 TI - Cytoxicity of erythrocyte ghosts loaded with ribosome-inactivating proteins following fusion with CHO cells. AB - The ribosome-inactivating proteins gelonin, Momordica charantia inhibitor, pokeweed antiviral protein, and one from Saponaria officinalis were enclosed in human erythrocyte ghosts. The proteins once trapped in ghosts and fused with CHO cells inhibited colony formation at concentrations of approximately 1 ng/ml (3 X 10(-11) M), whereas the free proteins only had an effect at concentrations of greater than 1 microgram/ml. PMID- 6541046 TI - Cytochalasin B does not serve as a marker of glucose transport in rabbit erythrocytes. AB - Glucose inhibitable cytochalasin B binding to erythrocyte membranes has been used as a marker of the glucose transporter. Glucose transport and cytochalasin B binding in rabbit erythrocytes differ from those activities found in human erythrocytes. We evaluated the uptake of 3-0-methylglucose and found similar Km (4.81 +/- 1.20 mM (SEM) and 6.59 +/- 0.72 mM) though significantly different Vmax (5.2 +/- 0.7 nM . min-1/10(9) cells and 234 +/- 13 nM X min -1/10(9) cells, p less than 0.001) for rabbit and human erythrocytes, respectively. Equilibrium binding of cytochalasin B to human erythrocyte membranes demonstrates a high affinity cytochalasin B binding site (Kd 38.6 +/- 22.7 nM) which is displaced by glucose. No comparable glucose inhibitable cytochalasin B site exists for rabbit erythrocyte membranes. Photoaffinity labeling of cytochalasin B confirms the presence of a glucose inhibitable cytochalasin B binding site in human, but not rabbit erythrocyte membranes. Cytochalasin B binding is a useful method in the identification of the glucose transporter in human cells, but the technique may be less useful in other species. PMID- 6541047 TI - Differential effect of chronic ethanol consumption by the rat on microsomal oxidation of hepatocarcinogens and their activation to mutagens. AB - The effect of chronic ethanol consumption by rats on hepatic microsomal activation of the hepatocarcinogens dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and 2 acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) was investigated. There was a marked increase in the rate of the oxidative demethylation of DMN and its activation to a mutagen by microsomes following ethanol intake. N- and C-hydroxylation of 2-AAF were measured at substrate concentrations ranging from 2 to 70 microM. The ratio of formation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene to C-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorenes increased with decreasing substrate concentration, suggesting enhanced carcinogenic potential of 2-AAF with diminishing levels of carcinogen. Kinetic analysis indicated that N-hydroxylation as well as 7-, 5- and 3-hydroxylation of 2-AAF do not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In contrast to the marked inductive effect of ethanol consumption on the metabolic activation of DMN, only a minimal random effect on the N-hydroxylation of 2-AAF was demonstrable in two separate experiments. Furthermore, N-hydroxylation of 2-AAF by microsomes from control and ethanol-treated rats followed similar kinetics. While ethanol consumption enhanced the mutagenic activation of DMN by hepatic microsomes, no such effect of ethanol consumption on the conversion of 2-AAF to a mutagen was observed. The data indicate that chronic ethanol consumption does not have a general inductive effect on the microsomal activation of hepatocarcinogens. PMID- 6541048 TI - The effect of dietary casein and soy protein on cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein metabolism in the rat. AB - Rats fed a high-cholesterol semipurified diet containing casein developed higher levels of serum cholesterol than soy-fed animals. The hypercholesterolaemia of casein-fed rats was due to accumulation of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), as measured by increased concentrations of serum VLDL cholesterol, protein and apoprotein B. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was similar for the two dietary groups. Cholesterol absorption, as measured by the dual isotope ratio method and by direct measurement of cholesterol secretion into thoracic duct lymph, did not differ between the two groups. Cholesterol kinetics were derived from plasma cholesterol specific radioactivity curves and the casein-fed rats had a similar rate of plasma cholesterol production, but a significantly lower plasma cholesterol fractional catabolic rate (FCR) compared with the soy-fed rats. Kinetics of plasma VLDL apoprotein B, derived from analysis of reinjected 125I labelled VLDL protein, also showed a lower fractional catabolic rate with casein feeding. This suggests that the accumulation of VLDL in the plasma of rats fed dietary casein is not due to excess VLDL production but to deficient VLDL removal. The hypercholesterolaemia appears to be a consequence of diminished VLDL catabolism. PMID- 6541049 TI - [Poisoning by methylene blue in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6541050 TI - Impairment in T-maze reinforced alternation performance following nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions in rats. AB - Rats were trained on a reinforced alternation paradigm using an elevated T-maze. After pre-surgical training subjects received either ibotenic acid (4 micrograms/0.4 microliter) or vehicle (pH 7.4, 0.4 microliter) bilaterally into the region of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis--an important source of neocortical acetylcholine projections. Acetylcholinesterase staining of sectioned brains revealed a loss of neocortical, but not hippocampal staining in lesioned animals. On the T-maze task, lesioned rats showed significantly impaired choice performance relative to controls. They also demonstrated significant side biases, the degree of which was correlated with choice performance deficit. PMID- 6541051 TI - Chronic haemolytic anaemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - A patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was found to have a chronic intravascular haemolytic anaemia. After investigation this was attributed to the abnormal haemodynamics of the cardiac disease. Treatment with propranolol was associated with an improvement in the anaemia. No further cases of haemolytic anaemia were found in 37 other patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. It is concluded that haemolytic anaemia is a very rare feature of the condition. PMID- 6541052 TI - Hendersonula toruloidea and Scytalidium hyalinum infections in Tobago. PMID- 6541053 TI - Identification of plasminogen activator releasing activity in the neurohypophysis. AB - Vasopressin (AVP) and some of its synthetic analogues, for example 1 desamino 8-D AVP (DDAVP), induce plasminogen activator (PA) release in vivo. It has been proposed that this occurs via the release from the central nervous system of a plasminogen activator releasing hormone (PARH). The present study shows that a crude extract of bovine posterior pituitary, but not of the anterior pituitary or of the hypothalamus, induces a marked increase of circulating PA in anaesthetized rats. PA release appears to be caused by AVP because no other PA releasing activities could be identified in or isolated from the extract. In addition, no PA-releasing activity was found in extracts of pituitary glands of rats congenitally deficient in vasopressin. The following experiments did not reveal central nervous system involvement in the PA-release caused by AVP or DDAVP. Perfusion of isolated organs (rat heart and rat liver) with AVP resulted in PA release. In squirrel monkeys, comparable PA levels were found in the venous return following intrafemoral or intracarotid injection of AVP. Moreover, when plasma obtained 2 min following AVP or DDAVP injection was transfused to a receiving animal no PA release was observed. Thus our present findings do not support the hypothesis that the fibrinolytic response to AVP is mediated by the release of a specific peptide hormone from the central nervous system. PMID- 6541054 TI - The effect of abomasal infusion of casein on acetate, palmitate and glucose kinetics in cows during early lactation. AB - Four mature Friesian cows were used in a Latin square design experiment to measure the effects of abomasal casein infusion on milk production and the kinetics of glucose, acetate and palmitate in jugular venous blood. The basal ration contained 110 g crude protein/kg dry matter and was offered at the rate of 4 kg hay, 3 kg alkali-treated straw cubes plus 9 kg concentrates/d. Treatments were infusion of casein into the abomasum at the rate of 0, 240 or 460 g/d. The experiment started 1 week post partum. Experimental periods lasted 21 d. [6 3H]glucose, [9, 10-3H]palmitate and [U-14C]acetate were continuously infused into one jugular vein for measurements of whole-body flux rates. The yield of milk protein was increased significantly (P less than 0.05) by the first increment of casein infusion, with no further increases. Casein infusion had no effect on blood concentrations of glucose, acetate, palmitate or growth hormone. Mean flux rate of glucose increased with each increment of casein. The effect at 460 g/d was higher (P less than 0.1) than with no infusion. Flux rates of palmitate and acetate were increased (P less than 0.1) by the first increment of casein. The proportion of blood bicarbonate derived from acetate increased (P less than 0.05) with the first increment of casein. Protein status of cows early in lactation influences the dynamics of glucose and fatty acid metabolism. PMID- 6541055 TI - Proteolytic cleavages of cytochalasin B binding components of band 4.5 proteins of the human red blood cell membrane. AB - The putative hexose transport component of Band 4.5 protein of the human erythrocyte membrane was covalently photolabelled with [3H]cytochalasin B. Its transmembrane topology was investigated by electrophoretically monitoring the effect of proteinases applied to intact erythrocytes, unsealed ghosts, and a reconstituted system. Band 4.5 was resistant to proteolytic digestion at the extracellular face of the membrane in intact cells at both high and low ionic strengths. Proteolysis at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane in ghosts or reconstituted vesicles resulted in cleavage of the transporter into two membrane bound fragments, a peptide of about 30 kDa that contained its carbohydrate moiety, and a 20 000 kDa nonglycosylated peptide that bore the cytochalasin B label. Because it is produced by a cleavage at the cytoplasmic face and because the carbohydrate moiety is known to be exposed to the outside, the larger fragment must cross the bilayer. It has been reported that the Band 4.5 sugar transporter may be derived from Band 3 peptides by endogenous proteolysis, but the cleavage pattern found in the present study differs markedly from that previously reported for Band 3. Minimization of endogenous proteolysis by use of fresh cells, proteinase inhibitors, immediate use of ghosts and omission of the alkaline wash resulted in no change in the incorporation of [3H]cytochalasin B into Band 4.5, and no labelling of Band 3 polypeptides. These results suggest that the cytochalasin B binding component of Band 4.5 is not the product of proteolytic degradation of a Band 3 component. PMID- 6541057 TI - Oxidation of lipids. 7. Oxidation of phosphatidylcholines in homogeneous solution and in water dispersion. AB - The rates and products of the oxidations of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) in organic homogeneous solutions and as multilamellar liposomes in an aqueous dispersion were studied at 50 degrees C initiated by oil-soluble and water-soluble azo compounds and with the aim primarily of elucidating the effect of substrate and the reaction medium. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were oxidized exclusively among the fatty acids in PC. The product distribution was determined by the number of double bonds: in the oxidation of methyl linoleate and dilinoleoyl PC, the conjugated diene hydroperoxides were formed almost quantitatively, whereas in the oxidation of PC and polyunsaturated fatty acids having three or more double bonds, cyclic peroxides were also formed. The oxidizability of PC was dependent on the content of doubly allylic hydrogens and their reactivities were suggested to be similar, independent of parent substrate and reaction medium, although the oxidizability of PC in nonpolar organic solvents is markedly enhanced by the formation of reverse-phase micelles. PMID- 6541056 TI - Acetylcholinesterase of Schistosoma mansoni. Molecular forms of the solubilized enzyme. AB - Several molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase were obtained from Schistosoma mansoni homogenates by extraction in either low-salt buffer, high-salt buffer or detergent buffer. The low-salt soluble form amounts to 25% of the total activity. By contrast, the extract obtained in the presence of Triton X-100 possessed almost almost 3-fold higher enzymatic activity, most of it (86%) being retained in the soluble extract (100 000 X g). High-salt concentration (1 M NaCl) also has a solubilizing effect, but to a lesser extent (50%). Acetylcholinesterase can also be solubilized by treatment with a solution of 1% methylmannoside (40%). In the presence of non-ionic detergents, the enzyme behaves as monodisperse 8 S form. In the absence of detergent the low-salt soluble extract is polydisperse: it contains a 10 S and a 32 S component, the latter could represent high polymers. The molecular form released from tissue homogenate by treatment with alpha-methylmannoside is polydisperse: it contains a major 10 S and a minor 32 S component. Differences in sedimentation coefficient were observed among the enzymes extracted with detergent from the various life cycle stages of the parasite. The enzyme from the cercarial stage sediments as a single 8 S peak. The adult worm exhibits an additional acetylcholinesterase peak of 18 S representing approx. 30% of the total enzymatic activity. The molecular weight of the major 8 S species, as determined by gel filtration, is 450 000. PMID- 6541058 TI - Evidence for the presence of two different fibrinolytic inhibitors in human endothelial cell conditioned medium. AB - In human umbilical artery and vein endothelial cell conditioned medium fibrinolytic inhibitors have been detected by two different techniques. A fast acting inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and urokinase has been detected and quantified by its capacity to neutralize the above-mentioned plasminogen activators in a kinetic assay. By reverse fibrin autography after SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a fibrinolytic inhibitor can be detected with a molecular mass of 52 kDa. The mutual relationship between these two inhibitors was studied. Neutralization of the fast-acting inhibitor by t-PA results in the formation of a complex with a molecular mass of 100 kDa. The t-PA added to endothelial cell conditioned medium in excess of the fast-acting inhibitor is fully stable. However, the inhibitor that is detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse fibrin autography is not affected by complete neutralization of the fast-acting inhibitor, and removal of the formed complexes by immune adsorption with immobilized anti-t-PA IgG. This suggests that the inhibitor that is detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse fibrin autography does not react with t-PA. Moreover, endothelial cell conditioned medium that is depleted of the fast-acting inhibitor does not show lysis resistance when directly applied to the reverse fibrin autography indicator gel (without previous electrophoresis), although the inhibitor is still present in the zymogram after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This suggests that the inhibitor is induced by the SDS treatment. Heating the endothelial cell conditioned medium for 15 min at 70 degrees C fully destroys the fast-acting inhibitory activity, but leaves the inhibitor that is detected by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse fibrin autography unaffected. Moreover, at least one additional fibrinolytic inhibitor is detected in the zymogram after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We conclude that the fast acting inhibitor is not the same as the inhibitor that is detected by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reverse fibrin autography; the latter inhibitor is not operational in endothelial cell conditioned medium, but is induced by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6541059 TI - Chemical modification of islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin. Essential role of free amino groups in its lymphocytosis-promoting activity. AB - Chemical modification of amino groups in the molecule of islet-activating protein (IAP), pertussis toxin, resulted in differential modification of biological activities of the toxin estimated in vivo with rats. Acetamidination of epsilon amino groups of 50% (or more) of lysine residues in the IAP molecule totally abolished the lymphocytosis-promoting activity, but exerted no effects on the epinephrine-hyperglycemia inhibitory activity, of the toxin. Both activities were abolished by acylation of 50% or more of the amino groups probably due to the destruction of the toxin's quarternary structure. In contrast, the subunit assembly of IAP was maintained after exhaustive acetamidination of its lysine residues. The ADP-ribosyltransferase (or NAD-glycohydrolase) activity of the A promoter (the biggest subunit) of IAP, which is responsible for the principal action of the toxin, enhancing insulin secretory responses and thereby inhibiting epinephrine hyperglycemia, was not affected by acetamindination of lysine residues. Thus, the A-protomer moiety of IAP is not directly involved in, but the amino groups of lysine residues in other subunits are selectively essential for, the development of the toxin-induced lymphocytosis. PMID- 6541060 TI - Effect of cytochalasins on surfactant release from alveolar type II cells. AB - Cytochalasins enhanced surfactant secretion from primary cultures of [3H]choline labeled type II epithelial cells from the rat. Cytochalasins A, B, C, D and dihydrocytochalasin B enhanced secretion of phosphatidyl-[3H]choline [(3H]PC) in a dose-dependent manner with EC50 values of 1, 2, 0.5, 0.1 and 1 microM for cytochalasins A, B, C, D and dihydrocytochalasin B, respectively. Only cytochalasin A caused significant cytotoxicity as determined by release of the intracellular enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.17). Dose responses of surfactant release induced by cytochalasins B, C and D were biphasic; maximal release was observed between 0.1-1.0 microM for cytochalasins C and D between 1 and 10 microM for cytochalasin B. Secretion decreased toward control levels at concentrations of cytochalasin above these maximal concentrations. Increased rates of [3H]PC release were noted between 1 and 3 h after exposure to cytochalasin D. Increased rates of surfactant release induced by cytochalasin D were additive to release induced by the beta-adrenergic agonist, terbutaline, or forskolin, although cytochalasin D had no direct effect on cytosolic cyclic AMP levels. Changes in cell shape and microfilament organization were observed by phase-contrast microscopy and fluorescence microscopy using rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin after exposure of the isolated type II cells to cytochalasin D. Disruption of microfilaments associated with lamellar bodies of the purified type II cells occurred after treatment with cytochalasin D. Cytochalasin D augmented surfactant release from purified type II cells and disrupted the microfilament structure of those cells, supporting the hypothesis that alterations in microfilaments are associated with surfactant release. PMID- 6541062 TI - Patterns of follicular growth during the four-day estrous cycle of the rat. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laporatomy during metestrus at 70 to 75 days of age or remained untreated to study the effects of surgical stress on follicular growth. Groups of rats were killed on each day of a 4-day estrous cycle, serial sections of the ovaries were prepared histologically and the number and size of follicles with one or more complete layers of cuboidal granulosa cells were determined. Since no differences due to surgery were found, the data were pooled by day of the estrous cycle (17 or 18 rats/day of cycle) for characterization and comparison of size distribution of follicles on different days of the estrous cycle. Follicles were classified as atretic or healthy and divided into groups by increments of 20 micron of diameter for graphing. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and least squares means. Significant differences were found in the distribution of both healthy and atretic follicles among days of the estrous cycle. At least 21 follicles/ovary were recruited from less than 260 micron into greater than 260 micron in diameter between proestrus and estrus, and the follicles for ovulation were selected by diestrus. A greater number of growing follicles of 70 to 100 micron in diameter were present at diestrus. From the disappearance of follicles greater than 260 micron between estrus and proestrus, it appears that atresia is a very rapid process. PMID- 6541061 TI - Clearance, metabolic fate and tissue distribution of an injected bolus of photoaffinity-labeled rat androgen binding protein. AB - An injected bolus of tritiated photolabeled rat androgen binding protein (ABP) is cleared from the circulation in a biphasic manner. The rapid component of the clearance curve indicates a clearance half time (t1/2) of 4.24 +/- 0.20 h and the slow component indicates a t1/2 of 13.27 +/- 2.92 h. After injection, photolabeled ABP is rapidly degraded as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. This method dissociates ABP into subunits of approximately 48,000 daltons. One-half hour after injection of photolabeled ABP, 90% of the radioactivity migrates as a 20,000- rather than as a 48,000-dalton moiety; at the 24-h point only 20,000- and 16,000-dalton species were detectable. Chromatography of plasma on Sephadex G-150 indicated that, under nondenaturing conditions, radioactivity was still associated with proteins having a molecular weight similar to the native ABP dimer. These results suggest that the dimer is substrate for the proteolytic processes affecting ABP. Small (congruent to 7000 dalton) fragments of ABP could be detected in urine by G 150 chromatography 2 h after injection. The control protein [3H] bovine serum albumin (BSA) was cleared from the blood with a time course identical to that of photolabeled ABP (t1/2's 4.69 +/- 0.09 h and 13.56 +/- 1.03 h). [3H] BSA was degraded to peptides that were similar in size to those formed from photolabeled ABP. The uptake of photolabeled ABP and [3H] BSA by potential target tissues (testis, epididymis and ventral prostate) was equivalent, suggesting that the uptake of ABP was a nonspecific phenomenon rather than a receptor-mediated event. The liver and kidneys contained more radioactivity that did the other tissues and there was a differential uptake and clearance of photolabeled ABP and [3H] BSA by these organs. Whether this difference is related to specific uptake processes or to differences in the size and/or structure of the proteins or other factors remains to be determined. PMID- 6541063 TI - Cellular regulation of plasminogen activator secretion during spermatogenesis. AB - The secretion of plasminogen activator (PA) has been found to be highly stage specific during rat spermatogenesis. It is maximal in Stages VII and VIII of the cycle. At these stages, seminiferous tubules contain primitive type A1 spermatogonia, preleptotene and midpachytene primary spermatocytes, round and maturation-phase spermatids and Sertoli cells. The last cell types are the most likely sources of PA. To investigate which cell type might be involved in the regulation of PA secretion, we have sequentially isolated 1-mm segments of rat seminiferous tubules from Stages VI-IX with transillumination-assisted microdissection and measured PA secretion using 125I-labeled fibrinogen as substrate. In another experiment, spermatogenia were killed by 300 rads of x-rays and PA secretion was analyzed during the absence of desired germ cell classes. The results support the idea that upon their detachment from the basal lamina, preleptotene-stage primary spermatocytes have the major stimulatory action on the PA secretion of the seminiferous tubules. Other phenomena such as spermiation, phagocytosis of residual bodies or opening up of the Sertoli cell junctions seem to influence PA secretion to a lesser extent. PMID- 6541064 TI - Effect of estrogen and progesterone on the development of endometrial hyperplasia in the Fischer rat. AB - The effect of changing endocrine status on the uterine endometrium of the female Fischer rat was observed in vivo after neonatal androgenization, after aging, after estrogen (E) implant in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and in vitro after progesterone (P) addition to monolayer cultures of uterine tumor cells. Neonatal androgenization produced cystic ovarian follicles and persistent vaginal cornification for 10-14 mo, indicative of an anovulatory, persistent E status. The constant estrous (CE) state, induced by androgenization, uniformly produced focal glandular hyperplasia of the endometrium at 9 mo of age. Focal glandular hyperplasia, which was absent in the cycling 6-mo-old estrous endometrium, was also apparent in the 12-mo-old rats which had ceased cycling and entered natural CE. Subcutaneous estradiol-17 beta (E2) implants in 12-mo-old OVX rats induced early cystic and adenomatous changes in the foci of hyperplasia. Acyclic control rats, 21 mo old, in persistent diestrus (PD) exhibited a 3-fold elevation of serum P associated with glandular atrophy of the endometrium. Ten nM P also inhibited proliferation of endometrial cells in cultures prepared from tumors of 21-mo-old rats. On the other hand, adenomatous hyperplasia was observed in 29-mo old PD rats, despite the presence of low serum E and elevated serum P. These results indicate that either induced or natural constant E status leads to focal glandular hyperplasia in the Fischer rat. E2 implants in the 12-mo-old OVX Fischer rat induced early cystic and adenomatous changes in the focal hyperplasia. Inhibition of these focal hyperplasias was associated with elevated serum P at 21 mo. The development of adenomatous hyperplasia in the aged endometrium, on the other hand, occurred despite elevated serum P at 29 mo. PMID- 6541065 TI - Osmotic control of bilayer fusion. AB - We have used photography and capacitance measurement to monitor the steps in the interaction and eventual fusion of optically black lipid bilayers (BLMs), hydrostatically bulged to approximately hemispherical shape and pushed together mechanically. A necessary first step is drainage of aqueous solution from between the bilayers to allow close contact of the bilayers. The drainage can be controlled by varying the osmotic difference across the bilayers. If the differences are such as to remove water from between the bilayers, fusion occurs after a time that depends on the net osmotic difference and the area of contact. If there is an osmotic flow of water into the space between the bilayers, fusion never occurs. In the fusion process, a single central bilayer forms from the original apposed pair of bilayers. The central bilayer may later burst to allow mixing of the two volumes originally bounded by the separate bilayer; the topological equivalent of exocytosis. PMID- 6541066 TI - Structure determination of the adduct formed between the signal nucleotide diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]. PMID- 6541067 TI - Comparison between diurnal changes and changes induced by hydrocortisone and epinephrine in circulating myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in man. AB - A significant increase from 8 AM to 3 PM was found in both myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-GM) and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) blood concentration in 45 normal subjects. Diurnal blood (CFU-GM and PMN changes were significantly correlated. Spontaneous diurnal changes in blood CFU-GM levels and in PMN were compared with the changes induced by i. v. administration of hydrocortisone (16 normal volunteers) and of epinephrine (10 normal volunteers). Diurnal changes in CFU-GM and PMN seem to follow a pattern similar to that induced by epinephrine administration. These findings suggest that diurnal changes in CFU-GM reflect mainly a shift of these cells between different blood compartments. PMID- 6541068 TI - Triclopyr triethylamine salt toxicity to life stages of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque). PMID- 6541069 TI - The management of acute cholecystitis in the elderly. AB - This paper assesses the value of hepatobiliary scanning and surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis in patients above the age of 60 years over a 3 year period (1980-1982). During this period 382 cholecystectomies for biliary disease were performed in 257 women and 125 men with mean ages of 55 X 6 and 61 X 1 years respectively. Of the 382, 208 were older than 60, with a female to male ratio of 1 . 3:1. Acute cholecystitis occurred in 74 of the 208 patients; they were subjected to early cholecystectomy. Biliary tract imaging using 99 m technetium labelled diisopropyl-IDA (DISIDA) proved valuable in confirming the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Of 85 patients over 60 years who underwent hepatobiliary scanning with a presumptive diagnosis of acute cholecystitis, 74 had positive scans and acute cholecystitis was confirmed at subsequent operation in these cases. There were two false positive and nine negative scans showing that biliary scintigraphy proved to be a rapid non-invasive and sensitive method of diagnosing acute cholecystitis. The advent of hepatobiliary scanning has strengthened our surgical strategy in the management of acute cholecystitis in the elderly and allows early elective surgery with an acceptable morbidity and in this series no mortality. PMID- 6541070 TI - Decreased catalepsy response to haloperidol in the genetically dystonic (dt) rat. AB - The rat mutant dystonic displays an autosomal recessive neurological disease characterized by slow, twisting movements of the limbs and trunk. Rats displaying clinical signs also show a decreased behavioral response to the dopaminergic blocker, haloperidol. Investigation of the development of the cataleptic response to haloperidol in the dystonic (dt) rat indicated that the response of the dt rat in the bar test is similar to that of normal littermates until after the appearance of clinical symptoms in the mutants on postnatal day 10. Mutant rats did not differ from their normal littermates in response to another cataleptic agent, morphine. Assessment of the integrity of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system did not indicate the presence of any degenerative process or of any alterations in DA metabolism. No reliable differences were found between normal and dt rats in striatal DA levels or turnover rates; in DA levels in response to gamma-hydroxybutyrolactone; or in the number and affinity of striatal DA muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Nor did qualitative light microscopic examination of Golgi-impregnated tissue from dt rats indicate the presence of any morphological abnormalities in the striatum. These findings suggest that dystonic symptoms can occur in the absence of an alteration in striatal DA metabolism and that the dt rat may have a defect in a pathway efferent to the striatum. PMID- 6541071 TI - Impairment of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus following chronic ethanol treatment. AB - The effect of chronic ethanol treatment on long-term potentiation (LTP), a possible substrate for memory, was studied in rats using the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation. Rats were provided ad libitum access to an ethanol-containing or control liquid diet. One group of animals received the diet for a total period of 9 months before testing, while a second group received the diet for 7 months and was allowed a 2 month ethanol-free period before testing. LTP was induced in the CA1 region by orthodromic stimulation of the stratum radiatum with 4 stimulus trains of 200 pulses each at 25, 50, 100 and 200 Hz separated by 10 min intervals. The number of slices with potentiation greater than 15% was significantly smaller in the ethanol-fed animals both before and following the 2 month withdrawal period. However, the average percent increase in the amplitude of the population spike was significantly decreased in the ethanol-fed animals when tested before withdrawal but no significant difference was detected following the 2 month withdrawal period, suggesting some recovery. The possible mechanisms mediating the chronic ethanol-induced depression of LTP are discussed. PMID- 6541073 TI - Remodeling of the cerebellar glomeruli after long-term alcohol consumption in the adult rat. AB - The morphological effects of the prolonged alcohol consumption on the cerebellar glomeruli of adult rats were studied in groups of controls and animals fed alcohol for 1, 3, 6, 12 and 18 months, by applying qualitative and quantitative ultrastructural methods. Following 6 months of alcohol consumption degenerated granule cell dendritic profiles were randomly dispersed over the granular layer surrounding mossy fiber terminals. In 12- and 18-month alcohol-fed groups, some glomeruli appeared with an atrophic design owing to the lack of their post synaptic targets while others presented a remodeled organization, with Golgi cell dendrites replacing the missing granule cell digits. An extensive glial reaction was seen investing both types of glomeruli. The total number of synapses per glomerulus remained unchanged in all groups. This is due to an increase of the mossy fiber terminal--Golgi cell dendrite synapses, which compensate the decrease of the mossy fiber terminal--granule cell dendrite synapses. It is suggested that the morphological remodeling of the cerebellar glomeruli after long-term alcohol consumption can lead to changes in the balance of the excitatory-inhibitory activities of the cerebellar circuitry. This could be related to the important functional changes observed in the cerebellum under these circumstances. PMID- 6541072 TI - Brain myelination in the offspring of ethanol-treated rats: in utero versus lactational exposure by crossfostering offspring of control, pairfed and ethanol treated dams. AB - Pregnant Long-Evans rats were received on day 5 of gestation and divided into 4 treatment groups: (1) 27% calories provided as ethanol in a liquid diet; (2) pairfed i.e., isocaloric liquid diet restricted to match group (1); (3) liquid diet provided ad libitum; and (4) laboratory chow and water provided ad libitum. Litters were culled to 8 pups at birth and crossfostered across dams in all 4 groups to provide offspring falling into 16 different experimental groups, including some exposed to ethanol in utero only and some exposed only during lactation. At birth, blood alcohol levels of dams, culled pups and alcohol levels in the stomach contents of culled pups were measured. All pups were weaned and fed laboratory chow and water ad libitum from 21 days onward. At ages 16, 21, 30 and 52 days, pups were sacrificed, and organ/body weight ratios and brain myelin concentrations were determined. Ethanol treated dams had longer gestational periods. The offspring of ethanol treated dams which were crossfostered to pairfed and well nourished dams during lactation had delayed eye opening, persistent lag in body growth and slightly lower brain myelin concentrations. Offspring of dams which were either pairfed or well nourished during gestation, but crossfostered during lactation to ethanol treated dams, had abnormal organ weights, abnormal brain weights and severely depressed brain myelin concentrations persisting through 52 days of age. Thus, lactational ethanol effects on brain myelin were more severe than gestational effects; body growth was affected more severely by gestational exposure, and gestational effects were generally less severe with adequate nutrition. PMID- 6541074 TI - The relation between axon diameter and axonal conduction velocity of Y, X and W cells in the cat retina. AB - Axon diameters of ganglion cells were measured electronmicroscopically from the cross-sections of the optic nerve fiber layer in the cat retina. The diameter distribution revealed 3 well-separated groups which correspond to axons of Y, X and W cells. Mean intraretinal axonal conduction velocities were estimated physiologically for the 3 classes. Between the means of axon diameter (D, micron) and conduction velocity (V, m/s) the following positive correlations were obtained: V = 3.85 square root D-2.3 when short axes of cross-sections were measured, and V = 3.33 square root D-2.3 when long axes were measured. PMID- 6541075 TI - A functional role for opioid peptides in the differential secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin. AB - The presence of opioid peptides and opiate receptors in the hypothalamo neurohypophysial system, as well as the inhibitory effects of enkephalins and beta-endorphin on release of oxytocin and vasopressin have been well documented. The physiological importance of opioid peptides in this classical neurosecretory system, however, has remained illusive. In the present study we tested the effects of naltrexone on the plasma concentrations of oxytocin and vasopressin during dehydration, hemorrhage and suckling in the conscious rat. We obtained evidence supporting the hypothesis that opioid peptides inhibit oxytocin release and thereby promote the preferential secretion of vasopressin when it is of functional importance to maintain homeostasis during dehydration and hemorrhage. Our data support the concept that the coexistence of a neuromodulator and a neurohormone in the same neuron, as demonstrated for vasopressin with dynorphin or leucine-enkephalin, serves to regulate the differential release of two biologically different, yet evolutionarily-related, neurohormones, e.g. oxytocin and vasopressin, from the same neuroendocrine system. PMID- 6541076 TI - Synapse formation and disappearance in adult rat supraoptic nucleus during different hydration states. AB - Activation of the adult rat supraoptic nucleus by a chronic stimulus (10 days of drinking 2% NaCl instead of tap water) brought about the appearance of newly formed specialized synapses onto the magnocellular neurosecretory cells. The increase in these synapses was reversed when the animals were allowed to rehydrate by drinking tap water. The apparent retraction and reinsertion of the thin glial processes from between the neurosecretory cell somata, which results in significant changes in soma-somatic direct membrane appositions, is most likely involved in the formation and elimination of these synapses. PMID- 6541077 TI - Hippocampal kindling: corticosterone modulation of induced seizures. AB - The effect of adrenalectomy (ADX) and corticosterone replacement was studied on seizures induced by hippocampal kindling. A complex series of changes occurred in after-discharge (AD) and behavioural depression (BD) during the immediate hours after ADX, culminating at day 1 in markedly decreased AD and BD, which returned to normal over the next several days. These changes were normalized after replacement of the ADX group with low doses of corticosterone. It is concluded that the expression and maintenance of hippocampal kindled seizures is under short-term control of corticosterone. PMID- 6541078 TI - The effect of in utero ethanol exposure on hippocampal mossy fibers: an HRP study. AB - Adult rats, exposed to ethanol in utero exhibit aberrant mossy fiber-like Timm staining in the distal infrapyramidal region of the hippocampus at midtemporal levels. The present study utilized the anterograde transport of HRP to verify that the aberrant pattern of Timm staining represented a terminal field of the dentate granule cells. One or more HRP-labeled mossy fiber bundles were shown to cross to the infrapyramidal side of the pyramidal cell layer primarily, but not exclusively, at the same septotemporal level where the aberrant terminal field was located. PMID- 6541079 TI - Brain serotonin receptors as a target for the putative anxiolytic TVX Q 7821. AB - In animal behavioral tests of anxiolytic efficacy, TVX Q 7821 was active and equipotent with diazepam, but did not produce muscle relaxation or anti convulsant effects. The high affinity, specific binding of 3H-TVX Q 7821 to calf hippocampal membranes was displaced by serotonin (5-HT) but not by diazepam. Similarly, unlabeled TVX Q 7821 displaced 3H-5-HT but not 3H-flunitrazepam binding. Since ketanserin (a putative 5-HT2 ligand) was equally weak in displacing labeled 5-HT or TVX Q 7821, TVX Q 7821 may preferentially bind to 5 HT1, receptors. PMID- 6541080 TI - Effect of adaptation to handling on the circulating corticosterone concentration of laying hens. AB - Single Comb White Leghorn hens were used to determine the effects of adaptation to handling on circulating corticosterone concentrations. Blood samples were collected either by brachial venipuncture (BVP) or by brachial vein cannula (BVC). Half of the birds in each group were first adapted for 1 week to the handling procedure. Adaptation to handling resulted in reduced plasma corticosterone concentrations. PMID- 6541081 TI - Violence in families of adolescent runaways. AB - Adolescents who run away from home frequently give many reasons for their behavior, but rarely has an examination of physical maltreatment as a precipitating factor for leaving home been carefully conducted. The Conflict Tactics Scale, a measure of how families resolve conflicts, was completed by 199 adolescents who ran away to a youth shelter. Some 78% of the adolescents self reported significant physical violence directed toward themselves by a parent in the one year prior to their running away. There were no significant effects of age or sex on the amount of physical violence. A comparison between runaway adolescents and adolescents labeled abused reveals no significant differences in at-risk child abuse scores. An argument is presented for crisis counselors and youth shelter workers to more carefully examine and treat family violence in adolescents who run. PMID- 6541082 TI - The Kansas Family and Children's Trust Fund: funding prevention programs in the eighties. AB - The Kansas Family and Children's Trust Fund is an innovative approach to developing funding for community-based family violence prevention programs. Using a legislated trust fund which generates money from marriage license fees, the program has been developed based on three assumptions. First, funding at the federal level for programs to prevent family violence has probably reached its peak and has never been sufficiently secure as to allow for continuity in prevention programs from year to year. Second, there is a trend toward allowing local communities to assume a greater portion of the responsibility for developing social welfare programming. Third, in the long run more can be accomplished with a small amount of money given to a community-based organization which efficiently uses volunteer time than a larger amount of money given to an agency which has a large infrastructure to support. Information on the procedure utilized to enable passage of the Trust Fund legislation is included as well as a discussion of issues that arose in the legislation process. In addition, an explanation of the current funding procedures for accessing Trust Fund moneys is given along with examples of the types of programs that have received funding. Finally, examples are provided of similar approaches that have been used in other states as well as a call for additional innovative approaches to providing funding for child abuse prevention programs. PMID- 6541083 TI - Child abuse by siblings. AB - The case histories of five children who inflicted serious injuries on their younger siblings are described in detail. The children shared several experiences in common: They had been physically abused themselves; their families were undergoing crises, which accentuated their maternal deprivation and rejection; they were burdened with excessive caretaking for the target sibling, who was perceived as the favorite; they had also experienced the recent loss of their father or paternal caretaker. The psychodynamics associated with sibling abuse represented an intensification of "normal" sibling rivalry due to the abuser's own maltreatment and deprivation. Pent-up rage towards the mother was displaced onto the sibling rival. The abusers made use of identification with the aggressor as a prominent mechanism of defense. The sibling attacks were adaptive for the abusers in the following ways: (a) They afforded them a measure of revenge against the more highly regarded sibling rival; (b) they served as an outlet for rage directed towards the mother; (c) they were used as an attention getting device; (d) they provided a sense of mastery over the trauma of their own abuse; and (e) were used to "educate" the abusing parent. PMID- 6541084 TI - [Violence and negligence to children and adolescents in institutions]. AB - Institutional abuse comprises a structural aspect directly bound to the institutional area itself as well as direct abuses of all kinds which are committed by members of the staff. Such direct abuses can be felt by those who enact them or by observers as being legal in their context or as illicit and therefore concealed. Information about violence in institutions is rarely found in scientific literature. Some books, usually underground, and newspapers deal with the problem. Testimony from professionals working within institutions may not be justified or may be flawed by ulterior motive. However, when correctly decyphered and interpreted, it is absolutely necessary. Enquiries are difficult and not always conclusive. The paper presents a typology of "violent" institutions and proposes some recommendations to make this problem better known. PMID- 6541085 TI - Government leadership to protect children from foster care "drift". AB - In the United States public concern about foster care drift is widespread. "Drift" means lengthy placement away from the natural family, without a clear goal to return the child or find some other permanent home. Concern is focused on the negative effect of lengthy foster care on the psychological health of the child, and also on the increasing cost of such placement. Recently, the federal government, in response to extensive testimony about these issues, passed landmark legislation designed to reduce foster care drift, the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Funding Act of 1980. Thus the government has now become a leader in child welfare planning. The law requires a reporting and tracking system so that no child already in placement becomes "lost in the system." In addition, all proposed foster placements are now hedged with requirements that there be clear purposes and goals to be achieved by such placements. In effect placements must be defended, tracked, and reviewed periodically. The new requirements pose a rebuke to the professions serving children which have failed to stem the increase in foster care, and to control and place a time limit on such interventions in the family. Federal leadership has created a political climate in child welfare planning. The regulations issued to implement the law in the Carter presidency differ from those of the current administration. The current policy of the government of the United States is to provide protection of the family from excessive foster care placements by child welfare agencies. This is support for greater autonomy for the family, a more conservative approach.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541086 TI - Toronto multiagency child abuse research project: the abused and the abuser. AB - Information from 422 cases of child mistreatment in Toronto was gathered from the files of a child welfare agency and a children's hospital. These data were compared to patterns reported in previous studies and clinical writings on child mistreatment to investigate similarities and differences in families whose children have been abused in Canada, England, and the United States. Findings from the present study were similar to others in many respects. The differences were primarily in the area of lower incidences of such problems as perinatal difficulties in the children and intellectual limitations and social isolation in the parents; however, there was a higher incidence of single-parent families. The results suggest that clinicians should bear in mind that child mistreatment cannot be ruled out on the grounds that no serious problems have been noted for the child or the family. PMID- 6541087 TI - Multidisciplinary team functioning. AB - This paper advocates the need to move beyond interdisciplinary team composition as a minimum criterion for multidisciplinary functioning in child abuse treatment. Recent developments within the field reflect the practice of shared professional responsibility for detection, case management and treatment. Adherence to this particular model for intervention requires cooperative service planning and implementation as task related functions. Implicitly, this model also carries the potential to incorporate the supportive functioning essential to effective group process. However, explicit attention to the dynamics and process of small groups has been neglected in prescriptive accounts of multidisciplinary child abuse team organization. The present paper therefore focuses upon the maintenance and enhancement aspects of multidisciplinary group functioning. First, the development and philosophy of service for the Alberta Children's Hospital Child Abuse Program are reviewed. Second, composition of the team, it's mandate for service, and the population it serves are briefly described. Third, the conceptual framework within which the program functions is outlined. Strategies for effective group functioning are presented and the difficulties encountered with this model are highlighted. Finally, recommendations are offered for planning and implementing a multidisciplinary child abuse team and for maintaining its effective group functioning. PMID- 6541088 TI - Child abuse treatment and follow-up: can the pediatrician help improve outcome? AB - The pediatric role in the management of child abuse and neglect has been largely limited to detecting and reporting cases, with little involvement in long-term treatment and follow-up. A review of published clinical experience indicates that customary protective services' "treatment" strategies are all too often ineffective at preventing reabuse, improving child health and developmental status, and improving family functioning. When foster care is used as a treatment modality, children run the added risk of never returning home, nor being freed for adoption, and they may suffer the emotional harm of repeated foster placements. This situation is likely to worsen, in the light of recent cutbacks in social service programs, at a time of rising reports of maltreatment. The pediatrician is widely recognized as an expert in children's health and development, and he can effectively use his position to influence the management of cases and thereby the outcome, by actively participating in treatment decision making and providing close follow-up in a limited but important way. In order to do this, he must first become acquainted with the effects of maltreatment upon children's health and development and with the general principles and available modalities of treatment. He must be sympathetic and supportive of the difficult role of the protective service worker who must make treatment decisions. His role is to assist the worker by making medical resources available in order to adequately define the child's needs and the capacity of the family to meet those needs. Essential to answering these questions is the availability of a child development clinic and mental health resources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541090 TI - Incidence of sexual abuse in the United States. PMID- 6541089 TI - Factors affecting delayed walking skill in malnourished children. AB - This research examined children between 13 and 23 months of age with developmental delays in walking. Children in the experimental group received intensive infant stimulation and, subsequently approximately 71% were able to walk by themselves. In contrast, 32% of those children receiving only verbal instruction were able to achieve this important milestone. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the control and experimental group in acquiring walking skills. Mothers' lack of awareness about infant stimulation and lack of supervision on the part of health workers are the major contributing factors to delayed walking skill in these children. The study highlights the importance of taking health care to the home of clients, the most neglected aspect of primary health in this part of the world. PMID- 6541091 TI - Failure to thrive in the contented breast-fed baby. AB - This paper describes nine babies who appeared contented yet failed to thrive while being exclusively breast-fed. In each case the mother felt that her child was satisfied with the feedings. Following appropriate management all the infants were above the 80th percentile for both weight and weight for length. Five infants had achieved 110% to 120% and three more than 120% of the expected weight for length. This tendency to become overweight might be explained by inactivity or a defect in appetite control. PMID- 6541092 TI - Retroperitoneal malignancies several years after initial treatment of germ cell cancer of the testis. AB - Three patients (aged 56, 40, and 38 years, respectively) presenting with large retroperitoneal masses 10 to 18 years after prior orchiectomy for testicular neoplasms (seminoma and embryonal carcinoma) are presented. Despite aggressive chemotherapy in all three patients and surgical excision of the tumor in two, two of the men subsequently died 11 to 16 months after initial diagnosis of the retroperitoneal tumors, and one is living with the disease. Theoretic etiologic mechanisms for the development of late retroperitoneal tumors in these men are discussed, including (1) metastatic disease from a second primary tumor in the remaining testicle, (2) a primary extragonadal retroperitoneal tumor, and (3) delayed transformation of metastatic teratomatous retroperitoneal tumor from the original primary into malignant neoplasm. PMID- 6541093 TI - The relationship of colonic carcinogenesis and hepatic vascular tumors induced by subcutaneously injected-1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride in specific pathogen free mice. AB - 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH) is one of the most reliable carcinogens for experimental colonic carcinogenesis. In order to evaluate the biological significances of target organ specificity of DMH-induced carcinogenesis, specific pathogen free (SPF) BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with DMH for 30 weeks, and were studied pathologically for tumor development of various organs. The data showed that colon tumor developed only at 2% of these mice. However, it produced 100% incidence of malignant endotheliomas and angiosarcomas of blood vessels and these tumors selectively appeared in the liver. There were no overt foci of primary vascular tumors in the heart, lung, kidney, muscle as well as spleen. This tumor model may reveal that the organ specificity of the carcinogenic activity with DMH could be converted, possibly depending upon the bacterial flora in the intestines, and very suitable for the investigation of implications of intestinal bacteria on the colonic and vascular tumorigenesis. PMID- 6541094 TI - Phase I clinical evaluation of cytarabine and cisplatin in patients with advanced cancer. AB - Studies in cell culture systems and tumor-bearing animals have demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity of cytarabine (ara-C) and cisplatin. We have conducted a phase I trial to assess the toxic effects and tolerable doses of these drugs in patients with advanced cancer. Forty-five such patients were treated with varying dosages of ara-C infused continuously during Days 1-3 of a 28-day cycle. Cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m2 was administered on Day 2 of the cycle. Using this schedule, the maximally tolerated dose of ara-C in previously untreated patients was 60 mg/m2/day (180 mg/m2). Hematologic toxicity was dose-limiting with median wbc and granulocyte count nadirs of 1800 and 168/mm3, respectively. Reduction of the cisplatin dose while maintaining the ara-C dose at 60 mg/m2/day resulted in less myelosuppression, suggesting that these drugs may have synergistic effects on the bone marrow. Objective responses were seen in six of 41 evaluable patients, including five of 12 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The severe bone marrow toxicity observed at relatively low drug doses and the 42% response rate in patients with non-small cell lung cancer suggest that the combination of ara-C and cisplatin has substantial clinical activity. Phase II trials are warranted in non-small cell lung cancer and other tumors. PMID- 6541095 TI - Doxorubicin and cisplatin for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - Thirty-six patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were treated with doxorubicin and cisplatin. The overall response rate (complete + partial) was 30%, with a median duration of response of 4 months. Median survival durations for responders and nonresponders were 15 and 4 months, respectively. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia were common. Neither grade 4 myelosuppression nor irreversible renal failure was observed. PMID- 6541096 TI - Murine leukemia L1210 cell lines with different patterns of resistance to platinum coordination complexes. AB - A murine leukemia L1210 cell line has been developed that exhibits 30-fold resistance to 1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II) analogs but retains sensitivity to cisplatin. This contrasts existing cell lines which exhibit the opposite pattern of resistance. Both cell lines retain their sensitivity to melphalan. PMID- 6541097 TI - Transendothelial channels in fenestrated endometrial blood capillaries of rats. AB - Three types of transendothelial channels are described in the endothelium of blood capillaries in the endometrium of the rat. It is postulated that they may function as pores draining interstitial fluid to the venous blood. PMID- 6541098 TI - Symposium on intracellular Ca2+ regulation: abstracts of lectures and posters. Satellite symposium to the 9th International Congress of Pharmacology, Ulm/Neu Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany, August 6th-8th 1984. PMID- 6541099 TI - Cell coupling junctions. PMID- 6541100 TI - Actin and actin-associated proteins. PMID- 6541101 TI - [Specific medicinal treatment of bladder cancers]. PMID- 6541102 TI - Long-term survival after prehospital cardiac arrest: analysis of outcome during an 8 year study. AB - We analyzed long-term follow-up data accumulated during an 8 year study of survivors of prehospital cardiac arrest. All patients included in this study were primary entrants via community-based rescue systems; patients who were tertiary referrals (survivors of cardiac arrest from other hospitals) were not included in this analysis. In the group of 61 patients entering our study between 1975 and 1980, with a follow-up to 1983, there have been a total of 24 deaths (39%). Sixteen of the 24 deaths were the result of recurrent cardiac arrest; eight were nonsudden cardiac deaths or noncardiac deaths. The mean duration from entry to death in the nonsurvivors was 27.5 +/- 19.7 months, and the time from the index event to last follow-up in the long-term survivors was 59.9 +/- 19.4 months. Life table analysis demonstrated a 10% rate of recurrence of cardiac arrest in the first year, with a 5% per year rate in each of the subsequent 3 years. Left ventricular ejection fractions at entry were not significantly different between survivors (mean = 45.3 +/- 13.6%) and nonsurvivors (mean = 37.6 +/- 12.6%), and the severity of ejection fraction abnormality at entry did not correlate with time to death in the nonsurvivors. However, ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients who died from causes other than recurrent cardiac arrest than in those who died of cardiac arrest (24.5 +/- 9.1% vs 42.7 +/- 9.2%; p less than .002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541103 TI - Coronary thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - The thrombolytic potency and myocardial infarct--sparing potential of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) were studied in electrocardiographically monitored, open-chest, anesthetized dogs. Localized coronary thrombosis was produced in the left anterior descending artery by endothelial injury and instillation of thrombin and fresh blood. After 2 hr of stable thrombotic occlusion, rt-PA was infused intravenously. At a dose of 4.3 micrograms/kg/min, time to reperfusion was greater than 40 min (n = 3). However, at higher infusion rates a linear, dose-dependent time to coronary reperfusion was obtained (r = .88): at 10 micrograms/kg/min reperfusion occurred after 31 +/- 2 min (n = 3), at 15 micrograms/kg/min it was at 26 +/- 7 min (n = 4), and at 25 micrograms/kg/min, lysis was accomplished within 13 +/- 3 min (n = 3). Thrombolysis was not associated with alterations in either plasma hemostatic factors (fibrinogen, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin) or in systemic blood pressures. Epicardial electrographic measurements revealed a significant reduction in ST elevation in all reperfused hearts. A randomized, blinded study was also carried out with 15 micrograms/kg/min of rt-PA saline in 18 dogs with 30 min of coronary thrombosis. Reperfusion in the treated group occurred after 28 +/ 3 min. No evidence of thrombolysis was noted in the saline-treated group within 240 min. Size of myocardial infarction was determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining and planimetry. Infarction involved 2.5 +/- 0.5% of the left ventricular wall in the group receiving rt-PA, but 16 +/- 3% of the left ventricle in the saline-treated group (p = .001). It is concluded that intravenous infusion of rt-PA results in rapid, dose-dependent coronary thrombolysis without systemic fibrinolytic activation and that early lysis of coronary thrombi is associated with substantial salvage of myocardial tissue. PMID- 6541104 TI - Sources of interindividual variations in acetaminophen and antipyrine metabolism. AB - Our goal was to compare and contrast in the same normal twins the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to large interindividual variations in the metabolism of acetaminophen (APAP) and antipyrine. These drugs were selected because they are biotransformed by different mechanisms. A single oral dose of APAP (10 mg/kg) was given to six sets of monozygotic (MZ) and six sets of dizygotic (DZ) twins. All were normal, nonsmoking, nonmedicated, and male. Among these 24 subjects, there were 300% interindividual variations in rate constants for formation of the sulfate and glucuronide conjugates, as well as in the overall rate constant for APAP elimination. Intratwin variations for each measurement were as large within MZ as within DZ twinships, suggesting that predominantly environmental rather than genetic factors maintained interindividual variations. Two other observations support this conclusion: Intraindividual variations were frequently as large as interindividual variations, and regardless of zygosity for twins living together, intratwin correlation coefficients were almost twice those of twins living apart. Quite different results were obtained when these twins received antipyrine. After a single oral dose of antipyrine (18 mg/kg), 500% interindividual variations in rate constants for formation of the three main oxidative metabolites of antipyrine appeared to be mainly under genetic control. Also for antipyrine and its principal metabolites, intraindividual variations were much smaller than interindividual variations. In contrast to the results with APAP, regardless of zygosity, intratwin correlation coefficients for antipyrine were similar for twins living apart and twins living together. This comparison between APAP and antipyrine metabolism in the same carefully selected normal twins under apparently uniform environmental conditions reveals that interindividual variations in APAP metabolism arise from certain unidentified environmental factors, whereas genetic factors cause the large interindividual variations that occur in antipyrine disposition. PMID- 6541105 TI - Spatial knowledge in a young blind child. PMID- 6541106 TI - The acquisition of the dative alternation: unlearning overgeneralizations. PMID- 6541107 TI - Integration of melody and text in memory for songs. PMID- 6541108 TI - Learning theory and natural language. PMID- 6541109 TI - Psychology and social control. PMID- 6541110 TI - The structure of coordination in first language acquisition of Mandarin Chinese: evidence for a universal. PMID- 6541111 TI - Linking words and things: basic processes and individual variation. PMID- 6541112 TI - Berwick and Weinberg on linguistics and computational psychology. PMID- 6541113 TI - On "syllogistic inference'. PMID- 6541114 TI - Acquisition of cognitive compiling. PMID- 6541115 TI - Intrasexual interactions among female golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) over the estrous cycle. AB - Social interactions of cycling female golden hamsters paired with ovariectomized animals in large enclosures were primarily agonistic over the 4-day estrous cycle. These aggressive interactions were intense as indicated by frequent occurrences of chase and flight behavior. Dominant and subordinate social ranks were established in the majority of pairs (96%) tested, and even females in sexual heat were capable of attacking and dominating their rivals. Furthermore, cycling females exhibited significantly more aggressive acts than ovariectomized opponents 1 day prior to sexual receptivity. No differences in fighting patterns were found between animals on the other 3 days of the estrous cycle. Additional analyses revealed clear differences in agonistic elements, including flank marking, between dominant and subordinate females regardless of whether they were gonadectomized or intact. These analyses also showed that dominant individuals frequently chased and bit opponents during encounters within their nesting area. The data are examined for implications on the adaptive organization of female hamster agonistic behavior and the neuroendocrine regulation of species-typical behavior over the estrous cycle. PMID- 6541116 TI - The effects of pressure and hepatocellular damage in biliary tract obstruction. PMID- 6541117 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in babesiosis. AB - A patient is described who contracted transfusion-induced babesiosis, and later developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a fatal complication. ARDS has been reported in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but to our knowledge has not been observed as a complication of babesiosis. PMID- 6541118 TI - Investigating the myopathic effects of 6-mercaptopurine on developing skeletal muscle cells in vitro. AB - 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) is an adenine antagonist which has been shown to cause skeletal muscle atrophy in neonatal rats. To investigate the effects of 6-MP on developing muscles, pure populations of myoblasts and myotubes in vitro were treated with 6-MP (5-50 micrograms/ml). The viability and protein content of myotubes, but not myoblasts, was decreased by 6-MP. Microscopic examination of the 6-MP-treated (50 micrograms/ml) myotubes demonstrated that severe degenerative changes had occurred, including extensive necrosis, inhibition of myotube formation, and the appearance of intracellular vacuoles. However, 6-MP treatment decreased the incorporation of radiolabeled leucine and thymidine by myoblasts, but not myotubes. These findings indicate that 6-MP exerted a selective toxicity on myotubes but not myoblasts. PMID- 6541119 TI - The influence of blinding, olfactory bulbectomy, and pinealectomy on twenty four hour plasma prolactin levels in normal and neonatally androgenized female rats. AB - The influence of blinding (BLD), olfactory bulbectomy (ANOS), and pinealectomy (PX) on 24-h plasma PRL levels was examined in normal and neonatally androgenized (NA) female rats. NA pups were treated at 3 days of age with 1.25 mg testosterone propionate. Surgery was performed on both NA and normal animals at 22-25 days of age. At 10 weeks of age, animals were vaginally smeared, and at 15 weeks, they were ovariectomized, injected with 0.5 mg polyestradiol phosphate, and fitted with atrial catheters for blood sampling. At 16 weeks of age, blood samples were taken over a 24-h period. In normal animals, BLD plus ANOS resulted in half of the animals exhibiting a diestrous vaginal smear, while the other half exhibited at least one vaginal estrus during the 7-day period when vaginal smears were obtained. Ovarian, oviductal, and uterine weights for blinded (BLD) plus olfactory bulbectomized (ANOS) animals exhibiting diestrous smears were significantly less than those of BLD plus ANOS animals exhibiting periodic vaginal estrus. Plasma PRL levels were lower in both animal groups compared with those in sham controls, but BLD plus ANOS animals with small ovaries had significantly lower plasma PRL and BLD plus ANOS animals with large ovaries. PX of BLD plus ANOS animals resulted in endocrine organ weights comparable to those in controls and elevated the plasma PRL levels to those observed in BLD plus ANOS animals with large ovaries. The PRL levels in BLD, ANOS, and pinealectomized animals, however, were still below those in sham control animals. Sensory deprived animals had peak PRL values at various times of day, and regrouping of the data from the peak PRL time for each animal suggested the presence of a free running plasma PRL rhythm. In NA animals, a decrease was also observed in endocrine organ weights and plasma PRL for BLD plus ANOS animals similar to that observed for normal BLD plus ANOS animals. However, all animals in the NA BLD plus ANOS group responded with a constant diestrous smear, small ovaries, and low plasma PRL values. PX prevented the decrease in endocrine organ weights and plasma PRL observed in BLD plus ANOS animals. As in normal animals, NA animals also exhibited a free-running PRL rhythm when sensory deprived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6541120 TI - Corticosterone concentrations in the serum and milk of lactating rats: parallel changes after induced stress. AB - Transfer of corticosterone from serum to milk was studied in lactating rats after ether and pentobarbital anesthesia. Two minutes after the onset of anesthesia stress, total serum and milk corticosterone concentrations were not significantly different. By 30 min, corticosterone concentrations in serum increased to a peak and plateaued at about this level during the 2-h experimental period, while concentrations in milk reached a maximal plateau only at 50 min poststress. The peak corticosterone concentrations in serum and milk were 76 +/- 6 and 36 +/- 4 micrograms/dl, respectively. By centrifugal ultrafiltration dialysis, the percentages of free corticosterone in serum and milk were not significantly different at the maximal concentrations; thus, free corticosterone in serum was about 200% of that in milk. In contrast, anesthesia stress had no effect on serum and milk corticosteroid-binding globulin concentrations; the serum to milk ratio was approximately 10:1. No accumulation of corticosterone in milk was observed after repeated ether stress. Decreases in milk corticosterone levels after recovery from ether stress paralleled that of its serum counterpart. These results indicate that corticosterone concentrations in milk increase rapidly after ether stress, but are limited to a level significantly lower than that in serum. The possible effects of corticosterone in milk on the development of infant rats remains to be defined. PMID- 6541121 TI - The effect of D- and L-thyroxine on sex hormone-binding globulin in rabbits. AB - Serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentration is increased in patients with thyrotoxicosis. SHBG is also present in rabbit serum, although it does not bind estradiol-17 beta (E2). Studies were carried out in female rabbits to determine the effects of thyroid hormone on SHBG. Serum concentrations of L-T4 cholesterol, E2, progesterone, free and total testosterone (T), and SHBG were measured in immature female rabbits (8-10 weeks of age). Rabbits were ovariectomized or subjected to sham surgery at puberty (age, 14-16 weeks) and restudied 6 weeks later. Values for serum T4, T, percent free T, free T, E2, progesterone and cholesterol were similar in ovariectomized and sham treated rabbits. Serum SHBG concentration progressively decreased in all rabbits from immaturity to age 20-22 weeks and values remained constant thereafter. Ovariectomy did not affect this age-related decrease in serum SHBG concentration. The 20- to 22-week-old ovariectomized and sham-operated rabbits were treated daily with either 30 micrograms/kg L-T4 or 150 micrograms/kg D-T4 for 2 weeks. This dose of L-T4 induced a 10-25% loss of BW, whereas D-T4 treatment did not, strongly suggesting that the L-T4 but not the D-T4-treated rabbits were hypermetabolic. D-T4 and L-T4 induced similar increases in serum SHBG (D-T4, delta 132 nM; L-T4, delta 146 nM). The increase in serum SHBG activity in response to D-T4 or L-T4 was reversible, since serum SHBG concentration returned to pretreatment values 5 weeks after thyroid hormone therapy was discontinued. The 27- to 29-week-old rabbits were then treated for 2 weeks with D-T4 (150 micrograms kg-1 day-1). Serum SHBG concentration significantly increased, and there were negative correlations between the thyroid hormone-induced increase in SHBG activity and both the percent free T and free T (P less than 0.01). D-T4 administration significantly lowered the serum cholesterol concentration without altering BW. PMID- 6541122 TI - Do testicular opiates regulate Leydig cell function? AB - beta-Endorphin is believed to be synthesized in testicular Leydig cells. To gain more information about the role of this and other endogenous opioid peptides in the testis, opiate antagonists (naloxone and nalmefene, 100 micrograms/testis) were administered intratesticularly to hemicastrated adult rats. Leydig cell function was evaluated by measurement of serum testosterone and testosterone production in vitro. Estimation of androgen binding protein (rABP) was used as an index of Sertoli cell function. Serum testosterone was reduced significantly by intratesticular administration of naloxone and nalmefene in treated animals. Systemic administration of these antagonists had no effect at the doses used. Testes from treated animals incubated in vitro with or without hCG produced significantly less testosterone than vehicle-treated control testes. Hemicastration reduced rABP synthesis and secretion; however, treatment with opiate antagonists did not alter the amount of this protein in the serum or epididymides of these rats. These observations suggest that endogenous testicular opiates modulate testosterone secretion by Leydig cells. PMID- 6541123 TI - Apparent correlation between structure and carcinogenicity of phenylenediamines and related compounds. AB - The carcinogenicity of 23 phenylenediamines and related compounds was reviewed. An extensive analysis of the methods used indicated that the bioassays were conducted well. The data suggest that the carcinogenicity of 4-substituted 1,3 phenylenediamines is reduced substantially or eliminated completely by oxidation of one or both amine groups or by N-substitution. Oxidation of a methyl substituent on nitroaniline to a carboxyl group eliminated all carcinogenic activity. It required dichlorination to make ring-substtuted 1,4-phenylenediamine carcinogenic whereas only one chlorine atom was needed to make 1,2- and 1,3 phenylenediamine carcinogenic. While the available data suggest that as a class, 4-substituted 1,3-phenylenediamines are carcinogenic more often than ring substituted 1,4-phenylenediamines, the type of added substituent and its position on the benzene ring also are important in exerting carcinogenic activity. PMID- 6541124 TI - The in vitro differentiation of a bipotential glial progenitor cell. AB - We have studied the properties of a glial progenitor cell from 7-day-old rat optic nerve that differentiates in vitro into an oligodendrocyte if cultured in serum-free medium and into an astrocyte if cultured in foetal calf serum (FCS). Using galactocerebroside as a marker of oligodendrocyte differentiation and glial fibrillary acidic protein as a marker of astrocyte differentiation, we show that the acquisition of these marker molecules occurs rapidly in culture and requires both RNA and protein synthesis. We provide evidence that the effect of FCS on the development of the glial progenitor cell is not due to its influence on cell substrate adherence or actin filament organization and is not mimicked by an increase in intracellular cyclic AMP, cyclic GMP or pH. The progenitor cell contains vimentin filaments and retains them on becoming an astrocyte but loses them on becoming an oligodendrocyte. Most importantly, we show that the choice of developmental pathway taken by the bipotential glial progenitor cells in culture is reversible for 1-2 days and then becomes fixed, at least under the conditions we studied. PMID- 6541125 TI - A major heat-shock protein defined by a monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody reacts with a polypeptide of 68 000 mol. wt. (p68) that accumulates to high levels during heat shock. The intracellular distribution of this antigen in normal and heat-shocked cells has been studied. It is a major component of non-stressed cells, where it is located predominantly in the cytoplasm, but also occurs in the nucleus. The nuclear accumulation is growth regulated, in that exponentially growing cells have strong nuclear immunofluorescence and confluent cells little. It is concentrated at the leading edge of motile fibroblasts and co-distributes with actin-containing microfilaments. Heat shock causes cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation and there is new deposition in the periphery of cells. In normal cells the antigen in the nucleus is located in the nuclear lamina and matrix which increases during heat shock. The distribution of this molecule and the structures with which it interacts suggests that it is important in mediating the effects of heat shock. PMID- 6541127 TI - Clinical profile of acute renal failure in an Addis Ababa referral hospital. PMID- 6541128 TI - Monoclonal antibodies that block cell adhesion in Polysphondylium pallidum: reaction with L-fucose, a terminal sugar in cell-surface glycoproteins. AB - By permethylation analysis the linkages of L-fucose and D-mannose in the oligosaccharide residues of cell surface glycoproteins of Polysphondylium pallidum were determined. Mannose was found in terminal positions, in 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,6-intra-chain linkages, and at branch points. Fucose was exclusively located at nonreducing ends. Fab of a monoclonal antibody, mAb 293, has been previously shown to inhibit cell adhesion in P. pallidum completely. Binding of this antibody to glycoprotein was blocked by L-fucose, and at very high concentrations also by D-mannose. The dissociation constant for the antibody fucose complex was Kd = 70 microM, which was two orders of magnitude higher than estimated for the natural oligosaccharide. Antibody-glycoprotein complexes dissociated in the presence of 100 mM L-fucose with a half-time of about 56 s. The blockage by L-fucose is taken as evidence that the adhesion-blocking antibody binds to oligosaccharide end groups containing L-fucose as the terminal sugar. PMID- 6541126 TI - Tumor promoter PMA stimulates the synthesis and secretion of mouse pro-urokinase in MSV-transformed 3T3 cells: this is mediated by an increase in urokinase mRNA content. AB - In mouse MSV-3T3 cells the synthesis of the urokinase form of plasminogen activator was increased 10-fold after addition of the tumor promoter phorbol-12 myristate-13-acetate (PMA). PMA also stimulated the secretion of the protein into the culture medium, mostly in the form of enzymatically inactive pro-urokinase. When assayed by injecting RNA into Xenopus laevis oocytes, the concentration of functional urokinase mRNA was found to be 6- to 10-fold higher in the PMA-treated cells; a similar increase in urokinase mRNA content was measured by hybridisation with a mouse urokinase cDNA probe. Thus, the induction of plasminogen activator by PMA in MSV-3T3 cells is accounted for by an increased content of urokinase mRNA. PMID- 6541129 TI - Differentiation of algal chemoreceptors. A comparative receptor study with two seaweed pairs: Cutleria multifida/Syringoderma phinneyi and Desmarestia aculeata/Ectocarpus siliculosus (Phacophyceae). AB - Gamete encounter in the reproduction of brown algae is supported by lures produced by the female cells. These signals are low-molecular-mass, volatile, olefinic hydrocarbons. Specific receptors on the motile male gametes recognize the pheromones at threshold concentrations as low as 6.5 pmol/l. The pheromones are possibly bound by dispersion and dipolar interactions. Tight fitting has to compensate for these weak contact forces. This causes strong chiral discrimination (relative affinities to enantiomeric lures 1:100). Structurally related messengers with identical substitution patterns and overall space filling are mutually distinguished in several species by means of altered topologies in their receptor mould. Responses to systematically varied synthetic bis-alkenyl cyclopentene pheromones showed that the sensors of Syringoderma and Cutleria androgametes consist of a mosaic of attachment sites individually adapted to specific structural elements in the messenger molecule. They may be permutated to afford optimal binding. An alternative strategy: distinct reading of electron density combined with variation of sensitivity, brings about 'fidelity' in signal transmission by the alkylated cycloheptadiene pheromones in two species of Desmarestia and Ectocarpus. Inhibition of chemotaxis by ectocarpene is observed in Ectocarpus males in the presence of desmarestene, the lure of Desmarestia, and related parapheromones. This indicates complex interactions between different species of algae sharing a common habitat, in their defense of living space. PMID- 6541130 TI - Cytoplasmic filaments in fetal and neonatal pig testis. AB - Leydig cells in developing fetal pig testis contained during the fetal regressive phase large accumulations of intermediate filaments. Before and after this period these filaments were arranged in a criss-cross fashion. In the pig as well as in the dog testis these filaments have been characterized as vimentin. Within the vimentin aggregates occasionally a weak positive actin reaction was seen in pig but not in dog Leydig cells. Microfilaments were hardly observed. Most Sertoli cells contained a layer of actin microfilaments close to the basal cell membrane. In the lower cell compartment and around the nucleus (intermediate) vimentin filaments could be observed in a criss-cross configuration. PMID- 6541131 TI - Diurnal variation of urine composition in calcium oxalate stone disease during treatment with bendroflumethiazide. AB - Urine samples, collected hourly between 6.00 and 23.00 h and in one single night fraction, were analyzed for calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) before and during daily administration of 5 mg bendroflumethiazide to 13 Ca-oxalate (CaOx) stone formers. In some of them urinary oxalate (Ox), citrate and sodium were analyzed as well. Bendroflumethiazide was administered in divided doses to 7 and in a single dose to 6 patients. After 4-8 weeks of treatment urinary Ca decreased by approximately 25% in both groups and the reduction was evenly distributed over the day. The reduction of the Ca/Mg quotient and the CaOx risk index was most pronounced following meals. The AP(CaOx) index, an estimate of the CaOx ion activity product, was favorably reduced. No important differences were recorded for the different types of bendroflumethiazide administration and thus one single dose might be equally as efficient as two divided doses. PMID- 6541132 TI - Test this patient's leukemic stem cells in a non-clonogenic chemosensitivity assay, treat according to standard protocols. PMID- 6541133 TI - Abnormal cellular DNA content as a marker of neoplasia. PMID- 6541134 TI - Volume, staging and grading of gastro-intestinal carcinoma--a population-based study. AB - All cases of the Regional Cancer Registry, North Baden who developed a gastro intestinal cancer during the period 1975-1980 were re-examined according to the following parameters: tumor volume, pT stage, pN stage, grading. In the period considered, 8424 cases out of 14,061 cases with histologically proven gastrointestinal cancer could be grouped according to the pT stage. Most of the cases were operated at the pT2 or pT3 stage. Remarkable differences in the different tumor localizations were obtained. Stomach carcinoma had the highest percentage of the pT4 stage (36.2%), rectum carcinoma the lowest (7%). In all primaries a close coherence of tumor volume and pT stage was noted. Carcinoma at the pT1 stage measured 20 cm3 on average, those at the pT4 stage 170 cm3. No coherence of staging and age of the patients could be obtained. Younger patients showed a higher percentage of undifferentiated carcinoma than older patients. Survival data could not be obtained due to the data protection law. PMID- 6541135 TI - Mitoxantrone for the treatment of advanced breast cancer: single-agent therapy in previously untreated patients. AB - Mitoxantrone (dihydroxyanthracenedione) is a substituted anthraquinone with a similar spectrum of activity to adriamycin in experimental tumours. One hundred and thirty-four patients with advanced breast cancer and no prior chemotherapy for advanced disease were treated with mitoxantrone (14 mg/m2 i.v. q 3 weeks), of whom 99 are presently evaluable for response and all for toxicity. Six patients achieved a complete response and 29 a partial response, the overall response rate being 35% (95% confidence limits, 25-45%). Median time to treatment failure was greater than 46 weeks. Mitoxantrone was well tolerated, myelosuppression being the dose-limiting toxicity. The most frequent nonhaematological toxicities were nausea and vomiting (40%), but these were rarely severe. Total alopecia occurred in only 6 patients. Four patients developed clinically significant evidence of cardiotoxicity after cumulative mitoxantrone doses of 174-256 mg/m2. Mitoxantrone offers comparable efficacy and less acute toxicity than the most active currently available single agents in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6541136 TI - Female sex is a risk factor for satellite and in-transit recurrences from cutaneous melanoma. AB - The presence of satellite and in-transit (SIT) metastases was investigated in 388 patients with cutaneous melanoma of the extremities, registered between 1956 and 1980. Out of 99 males 20 showed evidence of SIT lesions at the time of diagnosis or during follow-up, compared with 78 out of 289 females (P less than 0.05, allowed for clinical stage). The difference is even more striking if we consider that female patients had more favourable prognostic tumour characteristics than males. PMID- 6541137 TI - Purification of melanoma-associated oncofetal antigen gp87 from spent medium and cell homogenate of cultured human melanoma cells. AB - A melanoma-associated glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 87,000 daltons (gp87) defined by the monoclonal antibody 140.240 has been purified from the spent medium and from cell homogenates of cultured human melanoma cells through a three-step purification procedure. The procedure involves a DEAE Sephadex A-25 ion-exchange column, SephacrylS-200 gel filtration and antibody Sepharose-4B-affinity chromatography. By this approach we achieved a 1205-fold increase in specific activity with a 42% antigen recovery from spent medium concentrate, and a 3366-fold increase in specific activity with a 29% antigen recovery from the cell homogenate. The antigen was purified from these two sources of starting material with a high degree of purity as visualized in a single protein band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thus these procedures described offer an efficient approach to the purification of gp87 molecules for further biochemical studies. PMID- 6541138 TI - Characterization of the activity of alpha/beta-triglycidylurazol (TGU; NSC 332488): a new antineoplastic compound. AB - The antitumour properties of alpha/beta-triglycidylurazol (TGU) were investigated on various transplantable mouse tumour systems. A high rate of cures of P388 and L1210 leukaemias was obtained with this compound. TGU also had an antitumour effect against B16 melanoma, the colon 38 tumour and the advanced RC renal carcinoma, producing a total regression of the tumour. Finally, the marked in vivo activity of TGU against a subline of P388 leukaemia totally resistant to cyclophosphamide (CP), its good water-solubility (7%) and its stability in neutral pH are further elements warranting clinical studies with this agent. PMID- 6541139 TI - Determination of serum retinol in cancer studies. PMID- 6541140 TI - Vasodilator profile of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor. AB - The vasodilator profile of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) was characterized using isolated vascular preparations. Nanomolar concentrations of ANF relaxed rabbit aortic rings contracted by serotonin, histamine, methoxamine or angiotensin II. The synthetic peptide was most effective (IC50 = 1.3 X 10(-10) M) in relaxing the tonic, intrinsic contractions of the rabbit facial vein. ANF was poorly active against K+-contracted aortic rings or the phasic contractions of the rat portal vein. A similar vasodilator profile was obtained for sodium nitroprusside but not papaverine, hydralazine, adenosine or nifedipine. This first demonstration of the vascular activity of synthetic ANF depicts this substance as a nonselective vasodilator of agonist-induced contractions. The observed similarities in the vasodilator activity of ANF and sodium nitroprusside suggest a common mechanism of action. PMID- 6541141 TI - Potentiation of physical dependence by conjugation at the 6-position of nalorphine. AB - The experiments concerned the effects of glucuronate or sulfate conjugation at the 6-position of nalorphine on the analgesic and antagonistic activities and also on the development of tolerance and physical dependence. Nalorphine-3-and 6 sulfate ester were synthesized for the first time. The analgesic effect of nalorphine-6-sulfate and -glucuronide was higher than that of nalorphine when assessed in the acetic acid writhing test. However, these 6-conjugates exhibited less potent agonistic activity in the test with guinea-pig ileum muscle strip and revealed no analgesic effect in the tail pinch test. The antagonistic activity of these 6-conjugates to morphine analgesia was lower on their s.c. injection, but higher on i.c.v. injection than that of nalorphine. The development of tolerance to the analgesia caused by nalorphine was not affected by the 6-modifications. Frequent withdrawal signs were seen in mice treated chronically with anlorphine-6 conjugates by challenging with naloxone while mice treated with nalorphine showed no such signs. This potent enhancing effect of 6-conjugation on the development of physical dependence was suggested to be also the case with morphine. These changes of potency due to conjugation were interpreted as due to the altered interaction with multiple opioid receptors. PMID- 6541142 TI - Tolerance to the behavioral effects of bromocriptine in cats. AB - Repeated daily administration of LSD and related hallucinogens produces tolerance to their behavioral effects. The objective was to test whether repeated administration of bromocriptine (BC) produced behavioral tolerance. Experiments began after 4 weeks of habituation and baseline measurements. Cats were then injected daily with BC (10 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days. The frequency of 40 different behaviors and neurological signs were scored for 60 min after one h post injection. There was a rapid tolerance to the 'emergent' behavior induced by BC. In the case of hallucinatory-like behavior/escape, tolerance to a second dose of BC one day after a first dose was virtually complete. A substantial tolerance to BC effects such as abortive grooming, increased investigatory-play behavior and grooming occurred within one day. The decrease in sleep produced by BC was absent at the fourth day. Limb flicks and body shakes decreased but persisted until the seventh day. There was also tolerance to emotional behavior (irritability, rage, threat, flight) but motor effects (circling, ataxia, hypokinesia) remained throughout the week. Autonomic reactions were unaffected by BC. The results indicated that the psychotomimetic effects (but not the motor or autonomic) of BC showed rapid and long-lasting tolerance. These studies suggest that BC-induced alterations in cats parallel parameters of action of hallucinogens in humans. PMID- 6541143 TI - Effect of flutamide on the testis and accessory sex glands of the musk shrew, Suncus murinus L. AB - Administration (100 mg/kg body weight/day, for 14 and 21 days) of flutamide induced duration-dependent regressive changes in the male reproductive organs. The seminiferous tubules in drug-treated shrews exhibited marked regressive changes with suppression of spermatogenesis; the tubules were devoid of spermatozoa and contained Sertoli cells and spermatogonia. However, there was no change in testicular weight, Leydig cell appearance and the concentrations of testicular protein, RNA and DNA in drug-treated animals. Epididymal spermatozoa from drug-treated shrews were immotile and fragmented. The drug also induced regressive histological changes in the ampullary gland and prostate accompanied by significant decrease in the weight; the level of fructose in the ampullary gland was also significantly reduced. Flutamide-induced alterations in the reproductive organs were reversible; by 56 days after drug withdrawal the organs returned to their normal state. PMID- 6541144 TI - Binding of cytoplasmic testosterone-receptor complex to nucleic from male rat livers. AB - A crude cytoplasmic androgen receptor preparation of rat livers or its partially purified one by a 30% ammonium sulfate precipitation was prelabeled with [3H] testosterone ([3H]T) and then incubated with nuclei from rat livers at 30 degrees C for 30 min. The formations of the [3H]T-cytosol receptor complex and its nuclear bound complex were determined. The formation of testosterone-cytosol receptor complex was a prerequisite for the nuclear binding of testosterone. Nuclear fraction, when incubated with the prelabeled crude cytosol, bound [3H]T receptor complex as much as when incubated with the prelabeled partially purified cytosol. The addition of unlabeled crude cytosol to the prelabeled partially purified cytosol increased the nuclear binding of the receptor. The presence of a thermostable, low molecular inhibitor and a thermolabile, macromolecular activator in the crude cytosol preparation was suggested by dialysis, heating and gel chromatography. PMID- 6541145 TI - Cholesterol biosynthesis in chicken liver: effect of triiodothyronine. AB - The effect of a single injection of L-triiodothyronine (T3) on the levels of liver cholesterol and liver 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) has been studied in chicken. A minimal dose of 8 micrograms/animal produces its maximal effects after 12 h. T3 enhances both HMGR activity and cholesterol levels in liver. Both effects are suppressed when protein synthesis inhibitors (actinomycin D or cycloheximide) are administered along with the hormone. Solubilized and membrane-bound HMGR activities are equally influenced by the hormone. The in vitro addition of T3 does not affect the HMGR activity. It is concluded that T3 increases cholesterol biosynthesis in chicken liver through the activation of de novo protein synthesis. PMID- 6541146 TI - Depletion and reaccumulation of follicular thyroglobulin (TG) in guinea-pig thyroid gland after short- and long-term administration of thyrotropin (TSH). AB - The relationships among the content and composition of soluble iodoproteins in thyroid gland, the serum Tg concentration and the morphological structure of gland were investigated in guinea-pigs during short-term and long-term TSH administration (2 I.U. per day for 1 to 28 days). A significant decrease in the content of Tg in the gland (from 6.50 mg to 1.32 mg/100 mg tissue), disappearance of 12 S iodoprotein, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the follicular cells were observed in guinea-pigs treated with TSH up to 7 days. Later on, after depletion of follicular colloid, reaccumulation of colloid in the preexisting and newformed follicles (a marked increase of Tg and 12 S protein) and partial involution of the structural changes occurred. The serum Tg concentration increased during the whole period of TSH treatment (mean values from 100 to 500 micrograms/l). A marked positive correlation between serum Tg concentration and thyroid weight was found. Serum T3 and T4 concentrations increased transiently with maximal values on the 1st day (T3, from 0.86 to 3.26 nmol/l, T4, from 44 to 138 nmol/l) and decreased thereafter. The results imply that different regulatory mechanisms exist which control thyroid hormone secretion and transfer of Tg from the gland into blood circulation. The serum Tg level is directly dependent on the total bulk of thyroid tissue, but is considerably less dependent on the structure of the gland. The reaccumulation of colloid (Tg) in thyroid follicles of guinea-pigs treated with TSH is a result of the reduction of the stimulatory effect of TSH on the process of Tg degradation during chronic hormone application. Several different factors may be responsible for the appearance of refractoriness or desensitization of the thyroid to prolonged exogenous TSH stimulation. PMID- 6541147 TI - Changes in cell-substratum adhesion and nuclear-cytoskeletal anchorage during cytodifferentiation of BeWo choriocarcinoma cells. AB - Changes in the substratum anchorage of cells and nuclei were examined during methotrexate (MTX)-induced cytodifferentiation of BeWo human choriocarcinoma cells. During this process cytotrophoblast-like cells (CTLs) transform into giant mono- and multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast-like cells (STLs). Cells treated with MTX for 24 h exhibited significantly faster rates of substratum detachment by EDTA, trypsin-EDTA, EDTA-glycine, and DMSO than did uninduced controls. The decrease in cell-substratum adhesiveness occurred prior to the onset of morphological transformation. By 48 h, when morphological transformation was first observed, there had occurred a marked change in nuclear-cytoskeletal anchorage to the substratum, as evidenced by a difference in sensitivity of Triton-extracted STL and CTL monolayers to detachment by KI. STL monolayers were completely detached within 5 min of exposure to 0.3 M KI, while CTL monolayers remained firmly attached to the substratum for at least 3 h. KI-extracted residues were examined by electron microscopy and found to consist of nuclear shells attached to intermediate filaments. When cytoskeletal residues and KI extracted proteins of STL and CTL cells were compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), qualitative and quantitative differences were seen in a number of minor components. Thus the sensitivity of STL nuclear-cytoskeletal monolayers to removal by KI, an effective actin depolymerizing agent, may involve changes in the organization, stability, or interactions of actin with other components of the cytoskeletal framework. PMID- 6541148 TI - Control of cell shape and locomotion by external calcium. AB - Dependence of locomotion of Xenopus laevis epidermal cells on calcium influx from the external medium was investigated. Inhibition of Ca2+ influx by 2 mM La3+ or 4 mM Tb3+ in the culture medium causes an immediate stop to locomotion and a loss of motion at the outer margin of the lamella; microcolliculi disappear and the entire lamella becomes flat and very thin. The cell body region enlarges by spreading into the lamella to an extent approximately coincident with the distribution of myosin. The increase in thickness of this area is the result. The cytoskeletal elements actin, alpha-actinin and myosin become homogeneously distributed throughout the cell and a great number of straight microtubules extend to the margin after 20 min in La3+-containing media. Prekeratin distribution does not change. Reduction of calcium concentration in the external medium by EGTA leads to cessation of cell locomotion. Sr2+ (1-4 mM) is also able to replace calcium for triggering locomotion. These findings point to a control of Ca2+-activated contractions of actomyosin by influx of external Ca2+. According to our model of cell locomotion [14] the contractions generate a hydrostatic pressure extending the lamella by flow of hyaloplasm towards the margin. Small swellings (microcolliculi) appearing thereby will be dislocated by a calcium-dependent sol-gel transformation in this area, which contains actin but not myosin. PMID- 6541149 TI - Culture shock. Synthesis of heat-shock-like proteins in fresh primary cell cultures. AB - The isolation of Xenopus liver, lung and testis cells by collagenase digestion of the tissue, followed by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, was characterized by the preferential synthesis of two proteins whose size and charge were similar to 70 and 85 kD heat-shock proteins. The synthesis of these two heat shock-like proteins, relative to that of total protein, declined gradually in the first 3-4 days after the cells were plated out for primary culture. In fresh primary cultures of liver parenchymal cells albumin mRNA concentration declined rapidly and plateaued at 3-4 days of culture. Freshly isolated male Xenopus hepatocytes were refractory to induction by estrogen of vitellogenin gene transcription but they reacquired hormonal response during the first 3 days of culture. Both of these differentiated phenotypic functions of the Xenopus hepatocytes were quantitatively associated with the decline in synthesis of hsp like proteins in freshly prepared primary cell cultures. Freshly isolated or heat shocked hepatocytes exhibited a rounded shape with little intercellular contacts, whereas during the recovery period of 3 days they acquired a flattened shape with a high degree of intercellular and cell-substratum interaction. These results present the first evidence for the preferential synthesis of heat-shock-like proteins by procedures for establishing primary cell cultures. They emphasize the necessity of monitoring normal and heat-shock protein synthesis and cell morphology before using primary cell cultures for studying normal regulatory and developmental processes. PMID- 6541150 TI - Combined effect of forskolin and acetazolamide on intraocular pressure and aqueous flow in rabbit eyes. AB - Forskolin, a diterpene, a potent and direct stimulator of the catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase, can reduce intraocular pressure when administered topically to rabbit eyes in a 1% suspension. Using an intravitreal plant of fluorescein dextran, aqueous flow was measured by a modification of the method of Maurice. Forskolin reduces net aqueous flow by 51% compared to the controls. Acetazolamide (25 mg kg-1) administered intravenously reduces net aqueous flow by 45%. Forskolin and acetazolamide together reduce net aqueous flow by 72%, an important additive effect undoubtedly produced by different pathways. PMID- 6541151 TI - Acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride. Different liver lobes response in rats with portal branch ligation. AB - Portal branch ligation (PBL) leads to atrophy of the corresponding lobe (AL) and hypertrophy of the non ligated lobes (HL). Liver architecture of AL is preserved. In this model we assessed in rats, one month after PBL, the acute hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) given i.p. or i.v. Grading of necrosis, steatosis and ballooning demonstrated that at 24 and 48 h, AL were less severely damaged than HL and lobes of sham operated rats. Changes in hepatic blood flow, drug metabolism and/or in sinusoidal cells may represent causes involved in the partial hepato-protection. PMID- 6541152 TI - Experimental brain tumors and edema in rats. II. Tumor edema. AB - Experimentally induced brain tumors in rats with the morphological characteristics of low differentiated gliomas were investigated with special consideration of the distribution of extravasated serum proteins within the tumor itself. Protein extravasation across tumor vessels occurs by pinocytotic vesicles which enclose serum proteins at the luminal surface of the endothelial cells. These vesicles move to the abluminal cell surface where proteins are released after fusion between vesicles and the cell membrane. Serum proteins then spread through the extracellular space from where they are taken up in tumor cells by pinocytosis. They are then transmitted to and digested by lysosomes in which acid phosphatase activity could be demonstrated. Tracer studies (human serum albumin, horseradish peroxidase) revealed that proteins reach the lysosomes 15 min after systemic application. The cellular content of tracers is variable even when systemic circulation has lasted 120 min. PMID- 6541153 TI - Neoplastic surface changes in urothelium of rats after portacaval anastomosis. A combined light and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The development of preneoplastic and neoplastic alterations in the urinary tract was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy in rats after portacaval anastomosis. The changes consisted of slight hyperplasia to papillary hyperplasia after 24 weeks. Carcinomas were present in all animals after 52 weeks. Surface characteristics can be correlated with the sequence of changes in urothelial cells. Short uniform microvilli appear in moderate hyperplasia and a cobblestone formation of the cells is typical of papillary hyperplasia. In transitional cell carcinomas the cells varied in shape and size and they were densely covered with pleomorphic microvilli. Although the cause of tumour induction after portacaval anastomosis is not clearly understood, possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6541154 TI - Blood histamine level in rats with hydralazine-induced collagen-like syndrome. Short communication. AB - LE-positive collagen-like syndrome was produced in rats with chronic hydralazine treatment. An increase in histamine level in total blood and serum was found in the hydralazine-treated animals. PMID- 6541155 TI - Studies on quantitative morphology. X. Determination of thyroid follicle size. AB - Although thyroid follicles mostly have irregular shapes, the correlation between the more accurate planimetrical data and values, which are obtained by calculations via the diameters after the formula for an ellipse, often show high coefficients. PMID- 6541156 TI - Nephrocalcinosis and diets containing alkali- and non-alkali-treated soy protein. AB - Diets containing alkali-treated soy protein have been shown to cause nephrocalcinosis in rats. In order to determine if alkali-treated soy protein is the dietary component that induces nephrocalcinosis, the effects of a purified diet containing 20% alpha-protein (an alkali-treated soy protein) were compared with the effects of the same diet containing 20% promine-D (a non-alkali-treated soy protein) on renal morphology and renal calcium and phosphorus metabolism. After a 9-week feeding trial, light and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the animals fed either the alpha-protein or promine-D diet developed nephrocalcinosis. In fact, the type of nephrocalcinosis was the same in both groups of animals. Moreover, quantitative determinations of total renal calcium and phosphorus showed that the severity of nephrocalcinosis was also the same in the two groups. No signs of nephrocalcinosis were detected in rats fed a standard commercial laboratory diet. Since nephrocalcinosis was present in the animals fed the promine-D diet, and that it was identical to that found in the animals fed the alpha-protein diet, it appears that alkali-treated soy protein is not the factor responsible for nephrocalcinosis in rats fed a diet containing the protein. PMID- 6541157 TI - [Antiamnestic properties of pyrazole dicarboxylic acid derivatives in rats]. AB - Eight derivatives of pyrazole dicarboxylic acid (IEM-565, IEM-476, IEM-1332, IEM 474, IEM-373, IEM-440, IEM-1333, IEM-439) have been studied in rats for the ability to abolish the amnesia of passive avoidance behavior induced by electroconvulsive shock IEM-476, IEM-373 and IEM-439 have proved to be the most efficacious. PMID- 6541158 TI - [Neuropharmacological aspects of the regulation of body functions under acoustic stress]. AB - Experiments on white rats were made to study the actions of aminazine, haloperidol, nitrazepam, barbamyl and other substances on the acid-base equilibrium, the blood content of lactic acid, sugar, urea, ATP and nonesterified fatty acids under acoustic stress. All the substances under study were discovered to normalize, to one/or another degree, the glycolytic and energy-forming processes in the body, which were markedly altered as a result of exposure to acoustic stress. PMID- 6541159 TI - The effect of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine on lipid synthesis in ethanol intoxicated cultured rat hepatocytes. AB - Rat liver cells in primary culture have been used to study the influence of ethanol and of a polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine preparation from soybean lecithin on glycerol incorporation into lipids. Ethanol decreases the incorporation of glycerol into choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and increases that into diglyceride, either when added to the incubation medium or when administered to rats prior to hepatocyte preparation. The addition of the polyunsaturated lipid material (EPL) is able to counteract the effect of ethanol modifying the labeling of glycerol in favour of phospholipids. PMID- 6541160 TI - [Substances with central nervous system activity. Derivatives of octahydro-1,4 dihydroxypyrrolo(1,2-a)pyrazine-6-carboxylic acids]. AB - Compounds with potential activity on the Central Nervous System were prepared starting either from 2,5-diethoxycarbonylpyrrolidine or from N-benzyloxycarbonyl 2,5-pyrrolidinedicarboxylic acid anhydride. By the Arndt-Eistert reaction it was possible to obtain chain lengthening at position 6. The carboxy group was also successfully reduced to a hydroxymethyl group. The synthetic work was completed with the synthesis of some derivatives having a phenyl ring condensed at position 7 and 8. Some pharmacological data on the Central Nervous System depressant activity of the prepared compounds are also reported. PMID- 6541161 TI - The primary structure of the DNA-binding protein II from Clostridium pasteurianum. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the Clostridium pasteurianum DNA-binding protein II (DNAb-II) has been determined. The molecule contains 91 amino acid residues and has an Mr of 10 133. Sequence data were obtained from manual Edman degradation, using the DABITC/PITC double-coupling of the tryptic, peptic, chymotryptic and Staphylococcus protease peptides. A comparison of the amino acid sequence of the C. pasteurianum DNAb-II with those of the DNAb-II from Escherichia coli, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Thermoplasma acidophilum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows that the C. pasteurianum protein is more homologous to that of B. stearothermophilus (60%) than to that of E. coli (45%). All DNAb-II proteins have identical sequences Gly-Phe-Gly-X-Phe at positions 46-50 and Arg Asn-Pro-X-Thr at positions 61-65. PMID- 6541162 TI - Protection of ovarian function by continuous light in alloxan diabetic rats. PMID- 6541163 TI - Lipid composition of serum lipoproteins in relation to gonadal hormones during the normal menstrual cycle. AB - Twenty-two normally menstruating women were studied during one menstrual cycle. Blood was collected on 4 occasions and was analysed for free and total cholesterol and triglycerides and phospholipids in the lipoprotein fractions, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Fluctuations in lipid parameters were correlated to serum levels of estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Elevated concentrations of SHBG and HDL cholesterol and a suppression of LDL-cholesterol were found during the luteal compared to the follicular phase and these findings were interpreted as an estrogenic influence. Consequently the ratio LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol was depressed during the luteal phase. Triglycerides in serum and VLDL reached a peak at midcycle. When effects on lipid metabolism induced by endogenous steroids were compared to lipoprotein fluctuations exerted by exogenous hormones a parallelism was found in certain variables. However, obvious discrepancies were also found in effects on lipid metabolism, especially for hormones with androgenic properties. The present data underline the necessity of defining in which menstrual phase blood has been collected when lipid metabolism is studied in women of fertile age. Knowledge about metabolic events induced by exogenous sex steroids does not allow conclusions concerning the effects exerted by corresponding endogenous hormones. PMID- 6541164 TI - Cyclical or continuous treatment of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) with bromocriptine. AB - Two hundred and sixty-eight women suffering from premenstrual symptoms, particularly breast symptoms, were treated with bromocriptine (Parlodel) continuously (1.25 mg twice daily) or cyclically (1.25 mg once daily from cycle day 11 to 13, and 1.25 mg twice daily from cycle day 14 until menstruation) for three cycles. The treatment was most effective in relieving breast symptoms, and cyclical treatment was more effective than continuous treatment with regard to swelling and pain of the breasts. Side-effects considered to be caused by bromocriptine occurred in 43% of the patients, and 21% interrupted the treatment. As regards the frequency of side-effects, no differences were observed between continuous and cyclical treatment. Thus, the continuous treatment schedule did not prove superior to the commonly used cyclical schedule. Seventy percent of the patients considered the bromocriptine treatment good or fairly good for the relief of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMID- 6541165 TI - Effects of glucocorticoids on glioma cells in culture. Minireview on cancer research. AB - In vitro studies have shown that glucocorticoids have a cytostatic effect on glioma cells at high cell densities but enhance cell survival and proliferation at low cell densities. The cytostatic effect is not cytotoxic and may be mediated via a membrane modification altering cell-cell interaction. Cell interaction is also implicated in differentiation in glial cells and the inducing effect of glucocorticoids may be mediated in part by their effect on cell interaction. Induction of differentiation by glucocorticoids is accompanied by a reduction in malignancy-associated properties and the possibility has emerged that glucocorticoids may be an essential component in attempts to modify the malignant behaviour of glioma cells. PMID- 6541166 TI - The mitochondrial cloud of Xenopus oocytes: the source of germinal granule material. AB - The mitochondrial cloud is a prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes of Xenopus laevis. It is shown here that the cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM). Using a combination of light microscopical, fluorescence, time-lapse filming, and electron microscopical techniques, the ontogeny of these components is reported and their fate is studied. It was found that the cloud is stationary in previtellogenic stages and fragments into islands of mitochondria and GFM during stage II (using the staging system of J. N. Dumont [1972) J. Morphol. 136, 153 180). These islands become localized in the peripheral cytoplasm at one pole of the stage III oocyte. By studying successive stages, GFM was followed through oogenesis and it was found localized only at the vegetal pole of stage IV and V oocytes. Furthermore, it was found that it bears a striking resemblance in position, appearance, and associations with mitochondria to the "germinal granules" of unfertilized eggs. Germinal granules have been shown by others to become incorporated into germ-line cells. It is concluded that the GFM is the precursor of this material and that the mitochondrial cloud is the site of its accumulation and localization in the previtellogenic oocyte. PMID- 6541167 TI - Acceleration of puberty in female mice by a urinary chemosignal from pregnant or lactating females: timing and duration of stimulation. AB - Six experiments were designed to test the acceleration of puberty in young female mice treated with urine from pregnant or lactating females. Manipulations involved varying the age of onset for and duration of treatment with urine. For both urine sources the findings were similar: 1 day of treatment was insufficient to accelerate puberty, but a minimum of about 3 consecutive days of urine exposure begun before the mice were 30 days of age did hasten the onset of first vaginal estrus. PMID- 6541168 TI - Swimming behavior of X and Y human sperm. AB - A laminar-flow fractionation method, developed primarily for removing dead sperm from human semen, was successfully modified to enrich X and Y sperm to 80% purity, and to characterize each enriched fraction for individual swimming behavior. Y-sperm fractions were rapidly detected by fluorescent cytogenetic staining. Subsequently, the degree of enrichment was quantitated with DNA extracted from each sperm fraction probed with a human male-specific recombinant DNA clone. In stationary fluid, X and Y sperm swam in circles with the same average speed. However, in a flowstream, X sperm shifted to a nearly straight path of movement in a significantly decreased angular velocity. This shift was four times more pronounced in X sperm than in Y sperm, especially after the initial transition from stationary fluid to flow. The velocity gradient across the flow axis was essential for separating X and Y sperm; uniform flow velocity did not separate them effectively. PMID- 6541169 TI - Phenotype modulation in primary cultures of arterial smooth-muscle cells. Dual effect of prostaglandin E1. AB - The effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the phenotypic state of enzymatically isolated arterial smooth-muscle cells in primary culture were studied by transmission electron microscopy, thymidine autoradiography, and cell counting. Early in culture (day 0-2), PGE1 stimulated conversion of the cells from contractile (less euchromatic nucleus and cytoplasm dominated by myofilament bundles) to synthetic state (more euchromatic nucleus and cytoplasm dominated by cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a large Golgi complex). The rate of entrance of the cells into DNA synthesis and mitosis was also increased at this time. Later on (day 3-6), when the majority of the cells had entered synthetic state, PGE1 inhibited DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation. These observations indicate that the effect of prostaglandins on arterial smooth muscle is dual in nature and dependent on the state of differentiation of the cells. PMID- 6541170 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: distribution of the hypertrophy evaluated by bidimensional echocardiography and observations on the genesis of the obstruction]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography (2-DE) was performed in 38 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in order to study the distribution of hypertrophy. Its importance in the genesis of the obstruction was evaluated in 26 of these patients who also underwent cardiac catheterization. The hypertrophy was confined to the septum only in 14 patients (37%) and involved both septum and free wall in 24 patients (63%). In the 26 patients who underwent cardiac catheterization, extensive hypertrophy (septum + free wall) was found in 16 of 18 patients with a pressure gradient and in 3 of 8 patients without a pressure gradient. Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve (SAM) was present in all patients with extensive hypertrophy and a pressure gradient. Three patients without a pressure gradient had systolic anterior motion of mitral valve. The two dimensional echocardiographic finding of systolic cavity elimination was present in 7 of 18 patients with pressure gradient and in none of the patients without. We conclude that in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Septal hypertrophy is always present and also involves the free wall in a high percentage of the patients (63%). The data are in agreement with previous observation, apart from isolated free wall hypertrophy which was not seen in our series. The presence of extensive hypertrophy involving the free wall seems to be an essential determinant of a gradient. Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve seems to be the most sensitive (sensitivity = 89%) and cavity elimination the most specific (specificity = 100%) echocardiographic sign of outflow pressure gradient. PMID- 6541171 TI - Influence of morphine tolerance and withdrawal on intestinal salt and water transport in the rat in vivo and in vitro. AB - Intestinal water and electrolyte transport was investigated in vivo and in vitro in rats made tolerant to morphine and subsequently withdrawn with naloxone. Rats were rendered tolerant by injection of a slow-release emulsion containing morphine (75 mg/rat over 48 h), and when challenged with naloxone, they exhibited a characteristic withdrawal syndrome that included acute diarrhea. Morphine tolerance did not influence water absorption from ileal or colonic loops in vivo but naloxone-induced withdrawal provoked a rapid and sustained reduction in absorption. Naloxone did not affect absorption in control animals. In further experiments, sodium and chloride fluxes were measured in isolated stripped ileal mucosa derived from animals made tolerant to morphine and withdrawn with naloxone. Net sodium and chloride absorption was markedly reduced in mucosa derived from withdrawn animals compared with that derived from tolerant animals (Na+: 1.12 +/- 0.76 vs. 5.52 +/- 0.46, and Cl-: 0.60 +/- 0.52 vs. 4.70 +/- 0.80 microEq/cm2 X h, in withdrawn and tolerant animals, respectively; n = 8; p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.005). When an attempt was made to induce withdrawal by adding naloxone in vitro to isolated mucosa derived from tolerant animals, no effect on transport was detected whether the mucosa was stripped of muscle layers or not. Thus naloxone had to be given in vivo to produce withdrawal effects in mucosa studied subsequently in vitro. Naloxone also had an effect in control rats when a 50% reduction in net chloride absorption was observed in isolated ileal mucosa derived from these animals. Net sodium absorption was unaffected. These data support a role for endogenous opiates in the control of intestinal transport and provide a mechanism for the diarrhea associated with opiate withdrawal. PMID- 6541172 TI - [Thrombocytopenic syndrome in the postoperative period in breast cancer patients]. PMID- 6541173 TI - Plasma progesterone levels and corpus luteum morphology in the female prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus). AB - Plasma progesterone levels in female prairie dogs were determined by a radioimmunoassay specific for progesterone. Plasma progesterone levels were determined in samples taken before estrus, at estrus, during the luteal phase, and during anestrus from females maintained all year in the laboratory. Progesterone levels were also determined in plasma samples taken in the laboratory from two pregnant and three postparturient females captured in the field. Progesterone levels were low before estrus and continued low during estrus. They rose on the first week after estrus to 0.8 ng/ml or above and continued at or above this level for 9-14 weeks following estrus. Gestation in prairie dogs is 35 days in this species. Progesterone levels of three postparturient females were above 1.0 ng/ml for 7 weeks after their arrival in the laboratory. These females all had uterine scars showing that they had delivered their litters before they were captured. Two females were determined to be pregnant at the time of their capture. These females later reabsorbed their fetuses (determined by laparotomy). Progesterone values of samples from these females were all above 1.0 ng/ml except for one low value in one female which occurred 3 weeks after her capture and after reabsorption of her fetuses was in progress. The cells of the corpus lutea (CL) of nonpregnant, pregnant, and postparturient females had well-developed rings of cytoplasmic basophilia but as the CL regressed this pattern became disorganized and disappeared. The function of this basophilia is not known. The long luteal phase found in female prairie dogs is compared to those found in other species of mammals. This is the first annually breeding rodent reported to have a longer luteal phase that the period of gestation. PMID- 6541174 TI - Drug-induced sexual dysfunction in older men. PMID- 6541175 TI - [Expanded evaluation of endocrine-induced sterility]. PMID- 6541176 TI - Degree of female stress urinary incontinence: an objective classification by simultaneous urethrocystometry. AB - Urodynamic examinations carried out on 45 patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and 17 women without a history of incontinence using simultaneous microtransducer urethrocystometry were examined in order to develop an objective indicator of the severity of the condition. Five urethral pressure profiles (UPP) with stress were recorded, maintaining a constant coughing strength as seen in the bladder pressure rises. The coughing strength was increased stepwise for successive profiles. Zero urethral closure pressure, indicating genuine SUI, appeared with bladder pressure rises of less than 50, 75 and 100 mm Hg and of 100 mm Hg or more in 7, 27, 45 and 67% of the 45 symptomatic patients, respectively. 33% had a positive closure pressure in every UPP. 2 women without symptomatic incontinence had negative urethral closure pressures. The lowest bladder pressure rise needed for zero urethral closure pressure showed a significant negative correlation with the clinical grade of SUI and the degrees of social restriction experienced. We suggest that SUI can be classified urodynamically into minimal (lowest bladder pressure rise producing zero urethral closure pressure 100 mm Hg or more), mild (75-99 mm Hg), moderate (50-74 mm Hg) and severe forms (less than 50 mm Hg). PMID- 6541177 TI - Variations in urinary levels of free 6 beta-hydroxycortisol, cortisol, and estrogens in late pregnancy. AB - The urinary excretion of 6 beta-hydroxycortisol (6 beta-OHF), free cortisol, and estriol was studied at 4-hourly intervals in 9 subjects between the 36th and 38th week of pregnancy. The ratio of 6 beta-OHF to creatinine showed a significant diurnal rhythm with a 40% fall from a peak at 06.00-10.00 h to a trough at 22.00 02.00 h. There was a significant positive correlation between the excretion of 6 beta-OHF and free cortisol. Estrogen excretion showed no diurnal variation. No increase was observed in the 6 beta-OHF:creatinine ratio in early morning urine samples from 5 subjects followed daily prior to the onset of spontaneous labour at term. Normal nonpregnant females were also found to excrete significant quantities of 6 beta-OHF. These findings suggest that the clinical significance of 6 beta-OHF levels measured in a single void sample of urine has to be reassessed in the face of such a marked diurnal variation. PMID- 6541178 TI - Seasonal activity of adult ticks Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch. in the eastern part of the Russian Plain. AB - In the TBE focal region in the eastern part of the Russian Plain the beginning of the adult I. persulcatus activity is usually registered in the last ten days of April, when the upper soil layers get warmed thoroughly up to +5 or 10 degrees C. The period of activity is dissimilar in different years, varying between 65 and 95 days. The duration of the activity period is associated with the tick number and weather of the season. The most favourable years for the activity of adult I. persulcatus are those whose climatic data correspond with mean long-term data. The temperature deviations of each year from the mean long-term values cause the change of the seasonal tick activity. The diurnal rhythm of adult I. persulcatus activity changes during the season. PMID- 6541179 TI - [Influence of the factors altering the electrophoretic migration of the alpha 2 Gc globulin in the diagram of iso-electric focusing of the Gc type]. AB - In the present study, it is shown that the pattern of the isoelectric focusing with immunofixation changes markedly in the presence of substances such as platelet extract, trypsin, chymotrypsin, vitamin D3 and neuraminidase. It has been recently found that the factor of platelet extract is actin (K. Shinomiya et al., Jpn. J. Legal Med., 36 (1982) 542-549; J. Biochem., 92 (1982) 1163-1171), and Gc globulin is bound by actin (H. Van Baelen et al., J. Biol. Chem., 255 (1980) 2270-2272). The Gc-actin complex appeared as supplementary bands of Gc globulin near by the anode band of Gc1F-1F or Gc1S-1S. As to the Gc2-2, the supplementary band of Gc-actin complex appeared on the cathode side of the original anode band of Gc1F-1F or Gc1S-1S. Concerning Gc1F-1F (or Gc1S-1S), two supplementary bands of Gc-actin complex appeared on the anode side of the original band. Each product originated from the digestion of Gc-globulins of common phenotypes by trypsin appeared as four characteristic bands on the anode side of the original band. On the other hand, each product obtained by treatment of Gc-globulins of common phenotypes with chymotrypsin appeared as two characteristic bands on the anode side near the anode band of Gc1F-1F. The results obtained in this study give useful information to distinguish the pattern between original and supplementary bands which were altered by the action of factors. PMID- 6541180 TI - [Clinical use of a laser coagulator in detachment microsurgery]. PMID- 6541181 TI - [Dosing of retinal coagulation in diabetic retinopathy? Oscillatory retinal potentials as an indicator of stabilized retinal function]. PMID- 6541182 TI - [Zonula Zinii: new biochemical studies]. PMID- 6541183 TI - [Tissue mechanical in vitro studies of zonula fibers of cattle]. PMID- 6541184 TI - [Severe eye lesions in a hyperendemic onchocerciasis area of the Savanna (Upper Volta)]. PMID- 6541185 TI - [Allergic dermatoses. 4: Hemorrhagic allergic exanthemas]. PMID- 6541186 TI - State programs expect to keep PPS waivers. PMID- 6541187 TI - PPS/DRG scoreboard for insurers. PMID- 6541188 TI - Operational efficiency and time of day. PMID- 6541189 TI - Gc subtyping in south Indian tribal and caste populations. AB - Seven tribal (Konda Kammara - 2 samples; Koya Dora - 3 samples; Lambadi) and caste (Madiga) populations from Andhra Pradesh (South India) have been analyzed for the distribution of Gc subtypes. The observed heterogeneity in the distribution of Gc1F, Gc1S and Gc2 alleles was found to be statistically significant. Comparisons are made with North Indian populations as well as with those of other racial affiliation. The anthropological impact of the Gc subtype polymorphism is discussed. PMID- 6541190 TI - Quantitative and genetic features of epidermal ridge minutiae on the palm of twins. AB - The total minutia count (TMC) and fork index (FI), i.e., the proportion of forks in total minutiae, were examined in palm prints of 20 pairs each of monozygotic and dizygotic Japanese twins. No bilateral difference was found in either trait. The mean of the TMC was higher in males than in females, but the FI showed no sex difference. Both traits presented relatively high intraclass correlation coefficients between monozygotic twins, and genetic control of these traits is suggested. However, no correlation was observed between these two traits. A slight correlation was observed between the TMC and the total palmar interdigital ridge count. Some methodological problems concerned with classification criteria were discussed. PMID- 6541191 TI - Inhalation toxicity of a smoke containing Solvent Yellow 33, Disperse Red 9 and Solvent Green 3 in laboratory animals. AB - The repeated-dose inhalation toxicity of a smoke containing a mixture of three dyes was tested in female mice, rats and guinea pigs. The green component dye (Solvent Green 3) was retained in the lungs. Particularly in the rats marked collections of alveolar macrophages were found. In the same species several other adverse findings were noted: these included adenocarcinomas of the breast in the high-dose group and a dose-related incidence of biliary hyperplasia. Fatty change was noted in the livers of the test-group mice. A large proportion of the high dose guinea pigs died during the exposure period, for which reason exposure was stopped early in that group, otherwise the guinea pigs were little affected. However, all test groups of all species showed reductions in growth during the exposure period. PMID- 6541192 TI - Role of bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lymphokine in the regulation of macrophage activation: correlates between secretion of plasminogen activator and tumor lysis. AB - The effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lymphokine (LK) upon the activation of murine C57BL/6 peritoneal macrophages (M phi) were studied. Enhancement of the secretion of plasminogen activator (PA) by lymphokine did not require, nor was significantly boosted by LPS. In contrast, lysis of tumor target cells required LPS in addition to lymphokine confirming prior studies (1-3). Once macrophages were induced to secrete PA, LPS suppressed its release but did not directly interfere with fibrinolysis. These findings are consistent with the concept that induction of PA secretion may represent an earlier step in activation than the acquisition of cytolytic potential (4, 5) and that LPS is important both in the regulation of macrophage proteases and mediation of tumor cell lysis (2, 6). PMID- 6541194 TI - Effect of metoclopramide pretreatment on apomorphine induced cage climbing behaviour. PMID- 6541193 TI - Effect of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on morphine withdrawal induced aversion to saccharin drinking in rats. PMID- 6541195 TI - Maternal and cord serum C3 level. PMID- 6541196 TI - Incidence of double minutes, cytogenetic equivalents of gene amplification, in human carcinoma cells. AB - Screening of the occurrence of double minutes (DM) was performed in more than 1,000 metaphases obtained from a total of 22 solid human breast tumours and more than 3,600 metaphases from a total of 55 malignant effusions (45 patients with different types of carcinomas). DM were observed in 15 of these breast tumor cases and in 34 of the effusions (obtained from 29 cancer patients). The percentage of cells exhibiting DM as well as the number of DM per respective cell varied widely. It could be seen that metastatic cells from malignant effusions exhibited on the average more DM per cell than did cells of primary breast carcinomas. Differences in the incidence of DM could be observed between different carcinomas as well as between different age groups. In addition, it did not appear that DM could be induced by mutagenic tumor therapy. DM are thus not a rare finding in human solid tumors but, as cytogenetic equivalents of gene amplification, they rather represent a fundamental biological characteristic of tumor development. PMID- 6541197 TI - Defective fibrinolysis in survivors of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6541199 TI - Serum zinc levels in subtypes of leprosy. AB - Serum zinc levels were estimated in 146 patients with different types of leprosy and 40 control subjects. Tuberculoid patients were found to have normal serum zinc levels. A gradual reduction in serum zinc levels was observed from TT to LL. Serum zinc levels were not significantly higher in patients treated with dapsone for approximately 18 months. The cause of hypozincemia is not clear, but the findings suggest that there are correlations among bacillary load, immune status, and serum zinc. Zinc deficiency could be one of the factors involved in the nonspecific suppression of cell-mediated immunity in lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6541198 TI - Comparative study of two regimens of combined chemotherapy of one year duration in multibacillary leprosy. Results after four and five years' follow-up. AB - Two therapeutic regimens of one-year duration were administered to two groups of 20 previously untreated multibacillary leprosy patients. Regimen A was rifampin 600 mg twice weekly, prothionamide 500 mg, and dapsone (DDS) 100 mg daily for six months, followed by 100 mg DDS daily for another six months. Regimen B was identical to Regimen A but without prothionamide. Follow-up was for 4 1/2 and 5 years in 15 and 14 patients, respectively. Clinical improvement was rapid, and the bacterial index (BI) of the patients diminished by one unit per year after stopping treatment. Five patients were skin-smear negative at 54 months. The BI in the nasal mucosa became negative after 48 months. There were many attacks of erythema nodosum leprosum between month 3 of treatment until 13 and 21 months. Up to now no relapses have been observed. These results have confidence limits of 20% and 23%, respectively. However, when the results of the two regimens are added, the confidence limit for six months' twice weekly rifampin together with DDS and followed by six months of DDS and 4 1/2 years follow-up is 12%. PMID- 6541201 TI - Hansen's disease and olfaction. AB - The sense of smell was assessed in a group of 50 leprosy patients. It was found that 40% of the patients showed a mild to complete impairment of the smell sense (anosmia) which was related to the systemic clinical state and to the severity of nasal lesions. Possible reasons for anosmia in leprosy patients are discussed. It has been observed that anosmia may be the presenting feature of leprosy. Most leprosy patients are not aware of olfactory disturbances, and anosmia may be missed unless specifically looked for. It is emphasized that leprosy should be considered an important cause of anosmia, at least in endemic areas, and in an anosmic patient leprosy should be always excluded. PMID- 6541200 TI - Oral zinc as an adjunct to dapsone in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Oral zinc was tried in 15 cases of multibacillary leprosy as an immunostimulant in addition to conventional antileprosy drugs. Results were compared with those in ten similar cases treated with dapsone alone. Cases treated with zinc showed faster clinical improvement, regrowth of eyebrows, rapid fall in the bacterial index (BI) and in the bacterial index in the granuloma (BIG), early and greater influx in lymphocytes in the granuloma, and neovascularization. Upgrading occurred in 6 out of 15 patients taking zinc, but in only 1 out of 10 patients in the control group. Five out of six patients who showed upgrading in the treated group became lepromin positive. Only one patient (BL) showed lepromin conversion in the control group. PMID- 6541202 TI - Salivary immunoglobulins and antibody activities in leprosy. AB - The technics of immunodiffusion and the fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (FLA-ABS) test were used to determine the levels of immunoglobulins and their antibody activities against Mycobacterium leprae in the serum and the saliva collected from a total of 110 patients with leprosy (50 lepromatous, 24 borderline, and 36 tuberculoid). The average levels of serum IgG, IgM, and IgA were not significantly different among these patients. In saliva, however, IgM was detected in only two cases with lepromatous leprosy and three tuberculoid cases. Salivary IgG and IgA levels and their ratios to those in the sera were not significantly different according to the classification of leprosy. The percentages of positive FLA-ABS tests in the sera and saliva were compared by using fluorescent antibodies specific for IgG, IgM, and IgA, respectively. The results indicated that M. leprae-specific antibodies in the serum were mainly found in IgG and IgM and, less frequently, in IgA. IgG antibodies were found more frequently in lepromatous and borderline patients than in tuberculoid cases. On the other hand, salivary IgA antibodies against M. leprae were found in a significant number of specimens; whereas IgG and IgM antibodies were scarcely found. However, the percentage of positive FLA-ABS tests caused by salivary IgA antibodies was higher in the patients with tuberculoid or borderline leprosy than in those with lepromatous leprosy. A significant number of patients with tuberculoid or borderline leprosy secreted M. leprae-specific IgA antibodies into saliva without detection of circulating IgA antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541204 TI - Attempts to breed the nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) in captivity- a preliminary report. AB - Three pairs of nine-banded armadillos were successfully kept in wire-fenced pens in natural surroundings with light, temperature, and weather as in the farms of Louisiana, a natural habitat of armadillos. One female delivered quadruplets after being in the experimental pen for 10 months and 11 days. It is possible that in this experiment breeding of nine-banded armadillos in captivity has been achieved under controlled conditions for the first time. PMID- 6541203 TI - Immunization of highly susceptible C3H mice with ultrasonicated Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) bacilli facilitates the development of increased resistance during MLM infection. AB - C3H mice were immunized subcutaneously with water soluble antigens of ultrasonicated Mycobacterium lepraemurium bacilli (MLMSon-S) in Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and challenged with 1 X 10(6)-1.25 X 10(8) live MLM bacilli inoculated into the foot pad. No swelling of the infected foot pad and no differences in bacillary multiplication and dissemination between the immunized mice and the control animals were observed in the first nine weeks. From nine weeks on, a small foot pad swelling developed in the immunized mice. Twenty weeks after inoculation, the number of bacilli in the foot pad, the popliteal lymph node, and the spleen was significantly lower in the immunized mice than in the normal controls after challenge with the lowest bacillary doses. Cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreatment did not increase the effect of immunization. The addition of MLM cell wall fragments to the emulsion used for immunization tended to increase the difference between immunized and normal animals, while no further increase of the immunization effect was obtained by the use of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). A tendency toward a plateau phenomenon for the multiplication of MLM bacilli was observed in the normal mice. In nonimmunized mice, CY treatment caused some reduction in bacillary numbers in the foot pads, and reinfection experiments suggested that a small reduction in susceptibility had been induced by the priming infection. Although unable to prevent a progressive course of the infection, genetically low-resistant C3H mice were able to modify the development of the infection by mechanisms that were activated by the infection itself. Similar mechanisms were facilitated by immunization with MLMSon-S. PMID- 6541205 TI - Pathological findings on peripheral nerves, lymph nodes, and visceral organs of leprosy. AB - Pathological findings in a) 103 autopsies, b) biopsy material of peripheral nerve tissue from 210 tuberculoid patients, and c) inguinal lymph nodes from 106 leprosy cases are presented. Overall, lesions in peripheral nerves were most common in the ulnar (85.7% in the TT type, 98.3% in LL), peroneal (77.8% in TT, 97.9% in LL), median (80% in TT, 90.2% in LL), radial (66.6% in TT, 82% in LL), and the great auricular, tibial and supraorbital nerves. The ratio of bilateral nerve involvement in the same nerve was higher than unilateral involvement (approximately 5:1). Lesions of the peripheral nerve ganglion were seen in the LL type (22 cases, 61.1%) and the TT type (8 cases, 53.3%). These have seldom been mentioned in past literature. Superficial lymph nodes were most commonly affected in all types of leprosy. Lymph nodes in the hepatic and splenic portal areas were sometimes involved in lepromatous or borderline cases. Between the two polar types of leprosy, the lesions in the lymph nodes showed gradual transitions in a spectrum-like pattern which were similar to the changes in the lesions in the skin. In lepromatous leprosy, lesions could be found in 85.3% of the cases in the liver, 41.1% in the spleen, 86.7% in the testes, approximately 50% in the upper respiratory tract (including 36.4% in the nasopharynx), and 34.4% in the adrenal gland. Three cases had ophthalmologic lesions. In borderline leprosy, biphasic lesions of leprosy were found in various internal organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541207 TI - Rationale of the multidrug regimens recommended by a World Health Organization Study Group on Chemotherapy of Leprosy for Control Programs. PMID- 6541206 TI - Exacerbation reactions in hyperactive lepromatous leprosy. AB - Exacerbation reactions (ER) are acute reactions occurring locally in histoid or other highly active lepromatous lesions with an exceptionally heavy bacterial load. Clinically, they are almost silent although they may cause ulceration and the release of viable bacilli. Histologically, the influx of polymorph neutrophils and coincident macrophage degeneration mimic erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). Later, the signs of increased permeability or necrosis of small blood vessels and mast cell degranulation are differential features. The predominant immunoglobulin is IgE, and the main complement component is C1q, C3 being mostly undetectable. The reactions appear to be mediated in part by reagins (although eosinophils are not seen). Immune complexes probably form at antigen excess. Of equal importance may be the release from highly activated macrophages and neutrophils of hydrolases and proteases, which are capable of degrading connective tissue and other cell surfaces. This report is based on a histopathological and an immunocytological study of 13 exacerbation reactions in comparison with nonreacting hyperactive lesions and with ENL. The results support the view that the essential feature of histoid lesions is their hyperactivity. PMID- 6541208 TI - Models for leprosy. An appraisal of graphic representations of the "spectrum" concept as models and a suggestion for a catastrophe theory model for leprosy. AB - Graphic representations of the spectrum concept of leprosy are examined in some detail as models for this disease. This reveals that this concept is somewhat inadequate and that the spectrum metaphor may itself be inappropriate because, by its very linearity of logic, it may not be able to depict the nonlinear behavior of leprosy properly. The assumptions underlying this concept and their logical consequences, brought out by the graphic representations, include an invariable relation between CMI and BI, identity of one type of leprosy with one specific level of CMI, a fixed sequence of types, and the consequent impossibility of skipping the sequence. However, our experience with leprosy does not bear out these assumptions. Further, development and progress of leprosy from a normal (nonleprous) state cannot be represented in these models. A search for alternative conceptual models therefore appears reasonable and even necessary. The catastrophe theory (a branch of topology in mathematics) describes a number of models for explaining how continuous causes could produce sudden or discontinuous changes. Of the various catastrophe theory models available, the relatively simple "cusp" model appears capable of application to leprosy. This model, as applied here, requires two control factors (identified tentatively as the amount of dead bacilli and the amount of living bacilli or their indicators) and one pattern of behavior, identified as progress towards limited or extensive disease. This model suggests under what conditions leprosy will change from one type to another and whether that will happen gradually or suddenly. It also suggests that for certain values of control factors the disease may manifest in one of two forms of borderline leprosy, and that lesions very similar to start with can progress to quite different states under similar conditions of change. The behavior of leprosy agrees more or less with that suggested by this model. The cusp model thus seems to: a) provide an insight into the behavior of leprosy, enabling us to understand the dynamics of the disease; b) explain some of its intriguing manifestations; c) ask meaningful questions; and d) plan new therapeutic approaches. Although this is a highly speculative and probably too simple a model, this attempt shows that it is possible to view leprosy outside the framework of the concepts of spectrum scale and polar types of leprosy, the conceptual models which dominate all of our current thinking about the disease. PMID- 6541209 TI - Venous involvement in nonlepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6541210 TI - Cutaneous angiosarcoma in a site of healed herpes zoster. AB - A 57-year-old woman presented with an erythematous plaque of the left postauricular area that was diagnosed as metastatic carcinoma on clinical and histologic bases. It was revealed that herpes zoster had been diagnosed in the same dermatomal distribution 10 years previously. The lesion recurred 2 years after irradiation, and angiosarcoma was diagnosed. Recent evidence linking viral infection and vascular tumors is examined as it might apply to the pathogenesis of angiosarcoma. Repeat biopsy, reticulum stain, and electronmicroscopic examination of a lesion of the head and neck region that histologically suggests metastatic carcinoma are recommended if no primary malignancy is discovered. PMID- 6541211 TI - Tympanosclerosis of the ear drum in children. AB - Tympanosclerosis of the ear drum in children is associated with secretory otitis media. The tympanosclerotic changes affect the pars tensa and seem to be a dynamic process of new formation together with regress and restoration to normal tissue. Our study includes 90 cleft palate children followed for 7.8 years with a total of 2068 examinations. During the observation period 59% of the ear drums were affected by tympanosclerosis, while only 42% had tympanosclerosis at the last examination. The tympanosclerotic lesion of the ear drum disappeared completely in 30%, seemed stable in 40% and tended to grow steadily in 30% of the ear drums affected. The pathogenesis of tympanosclerosis is not clear, although the inflammation known to exist in secretory otitis media probably plays an important part. PMID- 6541212 TI - Prenatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) treatment given through the mother's diet causes behavioral deficits in rat offspring. AB - The present study reports various developmental and behavioral changes in the offspring of rat dams that received monosodium glutamate (MSG) in the drinking water all through the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Three main effects were observed in the MSG exposed offspring: (1) juvenile obesity; (2) reduced general activity levels; (3) a specific type of learning disability in discrimination learning involving choice between simultaneously present positive and negative stimuli. PMID- 6541214 TI - Raccoon ascarid larvae (Baylisascaris procyonis) as a cause of ocular larva migrans. AB - Larvae of the common raccoon roundworm, Baylisascaris procyonis, are known causes of visceral larva migrans and CNS disease in animals and human beings. In the present experiments we examined the ability of B. procyonis to cause ocular larva migrans (OLM) in subhuman primates, as an indication of its possible ocular zoonotic importance. Squirrel monkeys given 5,000 or 10,000 infective B. procyonis eggs per os and cynomolgus monkeys given 20,000 eggs had clinical and histologic evidence of OLM, beginning 7 days after inoculation. Clinically, multifocal retinal hemorrhages, white spots, chorioretinitis, inflammatory tracks, vascular sheathing, diffuse retinal degeneration, and motile intraretinal larvae were seen. Histologically, primarily subretinal larvae caused varying degrees of retinal disruption, degeneration and necrosis, retinitis, vasculitis, and perivascular sheathing, primarily with eosinophils. Larvae were also present in choroidal granulomas. It was concluded that B. procyonis larvae have marked ability to produce OLM in subhuman primates following oral infection and should be considered as a possible etiology in human ocular disease. PMID- 6541213 TI - Effects of morphine on: spontaneous, dorsal raphe, spinal tract of trigeminal nucleus, medial lemniscus and reticular lateral magnocellular evoked responses of hypothalamic units, in naive and morphine physically dependent rats. AB - The spontaneous activity and the inputs to the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) following dorsal raphe (DR), spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve (SpV), medial lemniscus (ML), reticular lateral magnocellular nucleus ( RLM ) and acoustic (Ac) stimulation and the effects of morphine and the opioid antagonist, naloxone, on these inputs, were investigated in morphine-naive and morphine-dependent animals. The observations were obtained in freely behaving animals previously implanted with permanent electrodes. The spontaneous activity of MBH neurons exhibits heterogenic spontaneous firing rates. This spontaneous activity is affected by acute and chronic morphine treatment. The MBH neuronal population exhibits neurophysiological patterns of tolerance of morphine dependence and withdrawal. The central input exerts a marked influence on MBH neurons in both naive and morphine-dependent animals. These inputs are modified by morphine challenge dose in both preparations, i.e., in morphine-naive and morphine-dependent animals, and are reversed by naloxone. The DR and Ac inputs affect the MBH neuronal activity differently from that observed following SpV, ML and RLM stimuli. The effects of morphine and naloxone on the DR and Ac input in morphine-naive and morphine dependent animals differ from those observed following SpV, ML and RLM inputs. The MBH neurons exhibited a high percentage of convergence to Ac, DR, SpV, ML and RLM stimulation. PMID- 6541215 TI - Effect of topically applied forskolin on aqueous humor dynamics in cynomolgus monkey. AB - Topical administration of a 1% forskolin suspension significantly reduced intraocular pressure in cynomolgus monkey eyes. The fall in intraocular pressure was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in aqueous humor flow measured by a fluorophotometric technique. No significant change was found in tonographic outflow facility or pupillary diameter. A loss of effect on intraocular pressure to subsequent doses of 1% forskolin suspension occurred in cynomolgus monkeys by the third day of twice-a-day treatment. PMID- 6541216 TI - Modification of alkylating agent cytotoxicity by cisplatin. AB - The effect of cisplatin on the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents in the RIF-1 tumor both in vivo and in vitro was investigated. A single dose of cisplatin (1 mg/kg) enhanced the in vivo tumor killing by melphalan (L-PAM; 8 mg/kg). The effect was maximal when cisplatin was given between 3 hours before and 1 hour after injecting L-PAM; the enhancement was lost as the time interval increased. Similar results were obtained with cyclophosphamide (CYT; 75 mg/kg) and CCNU (50 mg/kg) although the enhancement was much less than that seen with L-PAM. The enhancement by cisplatin was constant at all L-PAM doses as measured by both cloning assay and regrowth delay. Measurements of white blood cell counts four days after drug administration suggests that a therapeutic gain can be achieved. Exponential and plateau phase RIF-1 cells grown in monolayer culture were also exposed to various L-PAM doses. A 1 hour pre-exposure to cisplatin (0.5 micrograms/ml) under aerobic conditions increased the cell killing by L-PAM. The results are discussed with reference to the possible reasons for the therapeutic gain. PMID- 6541217 TI - Sand-induced diarrhea in a foal. AB - A diagnosis of sand enteropathy was made in a 3 1/2-month-old Quarter Horse filly. Clinical signs included diarrhea and weight loss of 2 1/2 months' duration. Abdominal radiographs were useful in diagnosis of the condition and in evaluating response to therapy. The filly responded to treatment with psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid although full recovery took 2 months. Diagnosis and treatment of sand enteropathy is discussed. PMID- 6541218 TI - Narcolepsy in a Brahman bull. AB - Behavioral, electrophysiologic, and pharmacologic tests were performed on a 2 1/2 year-old Brahman bull suspected of having narcolepsy. Placement on a tilt table or electroejaculation induced apparent sleep and cataplexy. Electrophysiologic recordings during the episodes revealed the low-voltage, high-frequency electroencephalogram, reduced electromyogram amplitude, and rapid eye movements in the electrooculogram associated with rapid eye movements sleep. Physostigmine salicylate appeared to elicit and potentiate the episodes, whereas atropine sulfate and imipramine reduced or blocked them. The combined results of the tests supported the diagnosis of narcolepsy. PMID- 6541219 TI - Electrically-evoked responses in animals with progressive spiral ganglion degeneration. AB - The deafness (dn/dn) mouse has an hereditary cochlear dysfunction throughout its development, and spiral ganglion cell density decreases progressively over the three age groups we examined. We have used this mutant to examine inferior colliculus evoked responses to modiolar electrical stimulation as a function of spiral ganglion degeneration. No differences were found between mutants and control mice or between ages in either threshold for detection of the response or latency of the response. However, peak-to-peak amplitudes of the response were larger in the mutants than in the controls in the young and intermediate age groups. There was a poor correlation between spiral ganglion degeneration and size of the evoked response: for example, mutants in the old age group had similar amplitudes of response as controls while spiral ganglion cell density was reduced to 21% of the value in young mice, and mutants in the intermediate age group with 50% spiral ganglion degeneration showed response amplitudes more than double that in controls. These data may be relevant to the significant numbers of people with hereditary deafness among the hearing-impaired human population. PMID- 6541220 TI - A comparison of Dorset and Finnish Landrace crossbred ewes. AB - Data from 644 exposures and 552 lambings were used to analyze reproductive traits of 1/2-Finnish Landrace, 1/2-Dorset ewes (1/2 Finn); 1/4-Finnish Landrace, 3/4 Dorset ewes, (1/4 Finn) and Dorset ewes. Ewes were exposed to Hampshire or Suffolk rams for spring lambing from 1973 to 1978. The analytical model included fixed effects of ewe birth year (EBY), ewe breed (BR), lambing year within EBY and EBY X BR interaction and random effects of ewe within EBY and BR. Conception rate differed (P less than .01) for 1/2-Finn (.94), 1/4-Finn (.88) and Dorset (.80) ewes. Litter size was highest (P less than .01) for 1/2-Finns (1.97), followed by 1/4-Finns (1.74) and Dorsets (1.44). The 1/2-Finn ewes ranked first for number and weight of lambs weaned, and for number and weight marketed as feeder lambs. Birth weights were heavier (P less than .001) for lambs with Dorset dams (3.88 kg) than for lambs with 1/4-Finn (3.24 kg) or 1/2-Finn (3.08 kg) dams. Preweaning average daily gains and adjusted 90-d weights were also larger (P less than .001) for lambs with Dorset dams (.26 kg/d and 28.3 kg, respectively) than for lambs with 1/4-Finn (.24 kg/d and 25.4 kg) or 1/2-Finn (.24 kg/d and 25.1 kg) dams. However, Dorset ewes lambed an average of 10.5 d later than Finn-cross ewes, and actual weaning weights (unadjusted for age) did not differ significantly among lambs from Dorset (27.2 kg), 1/4-Finn (26.9 kg) and 1/2-Finn ewes (26.7 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541221 TI - Purification of human tissue plasminogen activator with Erythrina trypsin inhibitor. AB - Seeds of the legume Erythrina latissima contain a 20,000-dalton, single-chain protein that has been shown to inhibit the amidolytic activity of trypsin and tissue plasminogen activator. It had no comparable effect on urokinase. IC50 values of 1.1 X 10(-7) M for tissue plasminogen activator and 6.9 X 10(-10) M for trypsin were determined by titration. When coupled to agarose, the Erythrina inhibitor provided an effective reagent for affinity purification of tissue plasminogen activator from melanoma cell-conditioned tissue culture medium. Using this as a single-step procedure, 270-fold purified enzyme was reproducibly obtained with yields of 90% or greater. Both one- and two-chain forms of tissue plasminogen activator were purified. The enzyme migrated, in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as a predominant 72,000-dalton doublet with lesser amounts of immunochemically similar, 115,000- and 68,000 dalton components. PMID- 6541222 TI - Decoration with myosin subfragment-1 disrupts contacts between microfilaments and the cell membrane in isolated Dictyostelium cortices. AB - We used isolated cortices from ameboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum to examine the structural nature of attachments between microfilaments and the cell membrane and to determine the effect of myosin subfragment-1 (S-1) on such contacts. By varying several parameters in our previously described isolation procedure (Condeelis, J., 1979. J. Cell Biol., 80:751-758), we have improved this procedure and have been able to isolate stable cortices. In this paper we identify two types of contact sites between microfilaments and the cell membrane similar to those seen in the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells: (a) an end-on attachment between the barbed end of actin filaments and the cell membrane; and (b) a lateral attachment mediated by rod-shaped bridges measuring approximately 6 X 15 nm. The spacing between bridges averages 36 nm, which suggests that the helical twist of the actin filament influences bridge location. Together these contacts account for an average of approximately 25,000 attachments per cell. Incubation of cortices with concentrations of S-1 sufficient to saturate binding sites on the microfilaments caused disruption of the contacts. This observation was confirmed by quantitative morphometry to show a threefold loss in the number of contact sites following S-1 decoration. These results indicate that S-1 decoration should be used with caution when information about the precise location of microfilaments and their attachment to the membrane is required. PMID- 6541223 TI - Reorganization of actin filament bundles in living fibroblasts. AB - We investigated how actin bundles assemble, disassemble, and reorganize during cell movement. Living chick embryonic fibroblasts were microinjected with actin molecules that had been fluorescently labeled with tetramethylrhodamine. We found that the fluorescent analogue of actin can be used successfully by both existing and newly formed cellular structures. Using time-lapse photography coupled to image-intensified fluorescence microscopy, we were able to detect various patterns of reorganization in motile cells. Assembly of stress fibers occurred near both the leading and the trailing ends of the cell. The initial structure appeared as discrete spots that subsequently extended into stress fibers. The extension occurred unidirectionally. The site of initiation near the leading edge remained stationary relative to the substrate during subsequent cell advancement. However, the orientation of the fiber could change according to the direction of cell movement. In addition, existing stress fibers could merge or fragment. The shortening of stress fibers can occur from either end of the fiber. Shortening from the proximal end (centrifugal shortening) was accompanied by a decrease in fluorescence intensity, as if the bundle were disassembling, and usually led to the total disappearance of the bundle. Shortening from the distal end (centripetal shortening), on the other hand, is usually accompanied by an increase in fluorescence intensity at the distal end of the bundle, as if this end had pulled loose from its attachment and retracted toward the center of the cell. Besides stress fibers, arc-like actin bundles have also been detected in spreading cells. These observations can explain how the organization of actin bundles coordinates with cell movement, and how stress fibers reach a highly regular pattern in static cells. PMID- 6541224 TI - The organization of microfilaments in spreading platelets: a comparison with fibroblasts and glial cells. AB - Platelets respond to stimulatory agents in general by the formation of long spikelike surface projections built up of tightly bundled microfilaments. During contact stimulation this is followed by a second phase when thin membrane lamellae grow out between the projections. This behaviour resembles that seen for instance in fibroblasts and glial cells, sending out microspikes and lamellipodia as a step in their advancement over solid substrata. Conditions, designed earlier for the preservation and visualization of the fragile organization of microfilaments and microtubules in the peripheral, highly motile parts (leading lamellae) of such cells (Hoglund et al. (1980) J. Musc. Res. Cell Motility, 1:127 146), were used here to produce high-resolution images of the ultrastructural organization of platelets spreading on a solid substratum. This revealed an unexpected arrangement of actin filaments running parallel to the advancing edge, and small tufts of microfilaments on the outside of this edge-bundle. Cytochalasin D caused a regression of the spikelike projections as well as of both types of structures in the advancing platelet lamella and led to the appearance of a dense filamentous mat in juxtaposition to the plasma membrane. Analysis of the actin pools using the DNAase inhibition assay showed that the dramatic reorganizations of actin seen during the two phases of contact stimulation was reflected in a shift in the G/F-actin ratio only during the early phase. PMID- 6541225 TI - Determination of morphine in biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Evidence for persistent tissue binding in rats twenty-two days post withdrawal. AB - Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with capillary and packed column gas chromatography and a deuterium-labelled internal standard was used to determine morphine in biological specimens from rats 22 days after abrupt withdrawal. Morphine was extracted from urine and body organs at pH 9 and the pentafluoropropionyl derivatives were made for analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The stationary phase was OV-17 and the mass spectrometer was focused on m/z 414 for morphine and m/z 417 for the internal standard, [NC2H3]morphine. With fused-silica capillary columns, the sensitivity of the assay was increased about ten-fold over packed columns. Urinary excretion of total morphine (free + conjugated) was 22 ng/h (range 11-51 ng/h, n = 8) at 22 days post-withdrawal. Free morphine was mainly detected in the lung (1.8-6.5 ng/g, n = 7), kidney (1.5-4.0 ng/g, n = 7) and liver (1.8-4.6 ng/g, n = 4). Traces of morphine were also detected in brain of some rats. Treatment with the opiate antagonist naltrexone, 10 mg/kg on four consecutive days before death, failed to change the urinary excretion pattern or the concentration of free morphine in body organs. The biological significance of the residual morphine, if any, remains to be determined. PMID- 6541226 TI - A novel method for the quantitation of 6-mercaptopurine in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6541227 TI - Role of change in vitamin D metabolism with age in calcium and phosphorus metabolism in normal human subjects. AB - This study describes the age-related changes of vitamin D metabolism and its related hormones, immunoreactive PTH (iPTH) and calcitonin (CT) in normal human subjects. The objective was to assess their roles in the changes in metabolism of calcium and phosphorus with age. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels declined linearly with age from newborn infants to older adults (r = -0.385, P less than 0.01; r = -0.568, P less than 0.01). The serum calcium and phosphorus levels in adults of 51 yr of age or more were significantly lower than those in children and younger adults of 50 yr of age or less (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.01), whereas the calcium and phosphorus levels in cord blood were significantly higher than those in children and younger adults (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.01). The serum concentration of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha,25-(OH)2-Vit D) did not change in children and younger adults, being 42.0 +/- 1.4 (SE) pg/ml, but it significantly decreased to 31.4 +/- 1.9 pg/ml in older adults (P less than 0.01). There were no significant age-related changes in the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, or vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) among children, younger adults and older adults. The concentrations of all vitamin D metabolites and DBP in cord serum were significantly lower than those in children and younger adults (P less than 0.01). Serum iPTH levels were higher in older adults (P less than 0.05) and lower in cord blood (P less than 0.1), compared with those in children and younger adults, whereas the serum CT level was higher in cord serum (P less than 0.01). No sex differences were found in the serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D metabolites, DBP, iPTH, and CT. The serum concentration of calcium or phosphorus did not correlate significantly with that of 1 alpha 25-(OH)2-Vit D by simple correlation analysis. Multivariate analysis, however, showed that the change in the serum concentration of 1 alpha,25-(OH)2-Vit D, as well as iPTH and CT, contributed to their correlation with the change in the serum concentrations of calcium and phosphorus. These data indicate that change in vitamin D metabolism might play some role in the age-related change of serum calcium and phosphorus levels in children and adults, but that calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the fetus might be regulated by some mechanisms other than vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 6541228 TI - The structure and disposition of crossbridges in deep-etched fish muscle. AB - Deep-etching and rotary-shadowing techniques were used to describe crossbridges in fish (Chanda ranga) muscle, relaxed and in iodoacetate rigor conditions. Three major fracture planes from rigor muscle were studied using stereomicroscopy and Fourier image analysis. The 1,0 plane reveals alternating thick and thin filaments with the thick filaments frontmost in the fracture and the thin filaments in the recessed plane. All crossbridges coming from the frontmost thick filaments are visible on actin filaments in the 1,0 plane. Fourier transforms of digitized images from these fracture planes exhibit axial periodicities of 14 and 36 nm. The actin layer, a fracture plane just below the myosin filaments in the 1,0 plane, shows end-on views of crossbridges projecting out of the fracture plane and limited transverse alignment of crossbridges. Actin layer Fourier transforms demonstrate a 14 nm reflection associated with the attachment of crossbridges with a mean axial periodicity determined by their myosin origins. The 1,1 lattice direction shows pairs of thin filaments alternated with single thick filaments. In this view, all crossbridges coming from three adjacent myosins are visible. In all fracture planes, decoration of individual thin filaments by crossbridges is variable, but usually one (singlet) or two (doublet) closely spaced crossbridges mark each actin target zone, at intervals of 35-38 nm. Counts of crossbridges decorating actin filaments give an average of four every three target zones. The anticipated stagger of target zones for crossbridges from two adjacent myosin filaments is observed. Alignment of actin target zones across the sarcomere is good. We can distinguish two distinct shapes for rigor crossbridges: a narrow, straight bridge and a wider bridge with a triangular shape. We interpret these as being the appearance of crossbridges with one or two S1 subfragments (single and double headed) respectively. Comparison between rigor and relaxed structures indicates attachment of all crossbridges in rigor. PMID- 6541229 TI - Extracellular superoxide dismutase in human tissues and human cell lines. AB - Extracellular-superoxide dismutase is a tetrameric copper-containing glycoprotein that previously has been demonstrated to be the major superoxide dismutase of human extracellular fluids. The occurrence of this enzyme in various human tissues that were removed from two accidental death victims and in 19 different human cultured cell lines was determined. All investigated tissues were found to contain extracellular-superoxide dismutase. There was a larger variation between tissues in the concentration of this enzyme than in CuZn superoxide dismutase and Mn superoxide dismutase. No relation could be demonstrated between the content of extracellular-superoxide dismutase and the content of the other superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in the various tissues. In uterus there was more extracellular-superoxide dismutase than Mn superoxide dismutase, but in all other tissues the content of extracellular-superoxide dismutase was lower than the content of the other isoenzymes. The concentration of extracellular-superoxide dismutase was higher in all investigated human tissues than in human plasma. 19 human cultured cell lines were found to be devoid of or to contain very little extracellular-superoxide dismutase. Most tissues contained more extracellular superoxide dismutase than did the investigated cell lines. PMID- 6541230 TI - Effect of lactation on diurnal temperature patterns of dairy cattle in hot environments. AB - Vaginal temperature patterns were obtained from 15 Holstein cows through radiotelemetry. Animals were divided into three groups with five animals per group: 1) cows in early lactation, less than 100 days postpartum, 2) cows in late lactation, greater than 240 days postpartum, and 3) dry cows. Animal temperatures, dry bulb, wet bulb, and black globe temperatures were monitored every 15 min for 17 days. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference for daily mean vaginal temperature between lactation groups. However, on hotter days, lactating cows had higher temperatures than dry cows. Daily mean vaginal temperatures of cows in early lactation were correlated with daily mean dry bulb temperature, black globe temperature, and relative humidity. Comparison of group temperature patterns isolated differences to specific times of day. In groups with early and late lactations, temperatures were lower in either group after milking. Vaginal temperatures were higher in lactating cows than in dry cows through most of the day. Results were 1) diurnal temperature patterns differ among groups; 2) lactating cows are sensitive to environmental changes; and 3) animal management can affect patterns of animal temperature. PMID- 6541231 TI - Ovarian activity of Holstein and Jersey cows of diverse transmitting abilities for milk. AB - The relationship between ovarian activity and milk yield was studied in 35 daughters of 24 Holstein sires and 17 daughters of 14 Jersey sires in the same herd. Ovulations and length of estrous cycles were determined by progesterone concentration in postmilking strippings three times per week, by weekly palpation per rectum, and by twice daily estrus detection. Transmitting abilities were for 4% fat-corrected milk of cows and their sires. Yields of 4% fat-corrected milk were estimated for 60, 90, 120, and 305 days in lactation. Postpartum intervals to first ovulation averaged 22 and 20 days for Holsteins and Jerseys, but the interval to first standing estrus was shorter for Jersey than for Holstein. Postpartum intervals to each of the first three ovulations and length of estrous cycles were unrelated to actual yield or transmitting ability for yield of 4% fat corrected milk in either breed. The percentage of cows observed in standing estrus at each of the first three ovulations increased from 23 to 43%. PMID- 6541232 TI - Onset of estrus in dairy cows maintained indoors year-round. AB - During 6 mo two active testosterone-treated females fitted with chin-ball markers and paint were used to ascertain the time of onset of estrus in 56 cows of three genetic lines and at various stages of lactation. The two treated females were rotated every 24 h, and two colors of paint were used, one color for night, 1800 to 0600 h, and the other for day, 0600 to 1800 h. The incidence of behavioral signs of estrus, standing, mounting activity, and mucus discharge, also was recorded. More cows (65%) came into estrus during the night, and only 78% of the total marked cows, assumed to be in estrus, were observed standing by the herdsman, indicating that 22% of the cows would not have been observed in estrus by early morning and late afternoon observation by the herdsman. Similarly, of the marked cows a mucus discharge was observed for 60% and mounting activity by 62%. Neither parity nor days postpartum affected either time of onset of estrus or other overt signs of estrus. Differences among the genetic lines for standing and mounting activity were unexplained. PMID- 6541233 TI - Surgical repair of univentricular heart (double inlet left ventricle) with obstructed anterior subaortic outlet chamber. AB - The results of operation in all patients with univentricular heart and an obstructed anterior subaortic outlet chamber who were operated on utilizing extracorporeal circulation at the Mayo Clinic from 1973 through 1983 were reviewed. Ten of the 18 patients died during the immediate postoperative period and there was one late death. Factors significantly related to operative and immediate postoperative mortality were age at operation, cardiothoracic ratio on X-ray examination, degree of ST depression on electrocardiogram and pressure gradient across the outlet foramen at catheterization. Autopsy in eight cases revealed significant hypertrophy of ventricular myocardium and a small outlet foramen that was considered stenotic relative to either body surface area or aortic root area. The ventricular myocardium showed histologic changes of chronic ischemia that predated the surgical procedure. PMID- 6541234 TI - Acute care hospitals providing elderly and long-term care services: a survey of the Massachusetts experience. AB - To assess the involvement of hospitals in geriatric, community and long-term care services, a survey was undertaken of the 104 acute care hospitals in Massachusetts. Results show that hospitals (N = 81) are adding geriatric expertise but as yet have taken on community services and long-term care only to a small extent. Hospitals perceive major deficiencies in physician service to nursing homes (89 per cent) and in availability of inpatient geriatric units (94 per cent). Responding hospitals have targeted for development by 1985 geriatric inpatient units (17 per cent), respite care (16 per cent), and hospice care (16 per cent). The financial implications of the survey results are discussed with respect to prospective reimbursement and public health implications. PMID- 6541235 TI - Steep corneal curvature: a fetal alcohol syndrome landmark. AB - Keratometry was performed on 30 fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effect (FAE) children. Horizontal keratometric measurements that are 46.00 diopters or greater appear to be an objective landmark of FAS. Keratometry is recommended as a routine test in evaluating suspected FAS children and appears to have value in screening the general school population for FAS. PMID- 6541236 TI - Idiopathic non-puerperal galactorrhoea. PMID- 6541238 TI - Acquired zinc deficiency in a low birth weight infant. PMID- 6541237 TI - Acute inhibition of hepatic lipase and increase in plasma lipoproteins after alcohol intake. AB - Chronic alcohol intake is associated with an increase in fasting plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL). To study alcohol's acute effects on plasma lipoproteins, we measured plasma lipoprotein concentrations and activities of postheparin plasma lipases in nine normolipemic males after ingestion of 40 g of ethanol (as whiskey). After alcohol there was no change in lipoprotein lipase activity but hepatic lipase was decreased to 67% of baseline at 6 hr. There were associated increases in HDL phospholipids (12 mg/dl) and cholesterol (10 mg/dl) resulting in prominence of larger, lipid-enriched HDL particles. Changes were most pronounced in the HDL3 and HDL2a subclasses. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) phospholipids and cholesterol were also increased by 13 and 9 mg/dl, respectively, with no significant change in triglycerides. Changes in lipoproteins and lipase were largely reversed 10 hr after alcohol intake. The transient increases in VLDL and HDL lipids after alcohol may result in part from acute inhibition of hepatic lipase activity. The results suggest a role of hepatic lipase in the catabolism of phospholipids of VLDL and possibly HDL. PMID- 6541240 TI - Oxytocin secretion during milking in dairy cows with regard to the variation and importance of a threshold level for milk removal. AB - Oxytocin secretion in dairy cows was measured during milking by means of a specific radioimmunoassay. Basal oxytocin concentrations before milking recorded from 147 milkings from 21 cows, where an assay method with enhanced sensitivity was employed, were 1.5 +/- 0.6 pmol/l and there was no evidence for any conditioned release of oxytocin. A 1-min manual stimulation before milking evoked a variable but distinct increase in oxytocin concentrations in 188 out of 195 milkings performed using 29 cows. Despite the high variation in absolute concentrations five types of typical secretion pattern could be distinguished. There was no obvious relationship between patterns or absolute concentrations of oxytocin and milk-flow characteristics. Evidence is given that milk ejection seems to follow the threshold principle in that small releases of oxytocin up to a range of 3-5 pmol/l plasma are sufficient to evoke maximum milk ejection. PMID- 6541239 TI - Further study of oestrous cycles that follow interruption of spontaneous persistent oestrus in middle-aged rats. AB - Spontaneous persistent oestrus in certain middle-aged rats, when interrupted by an injection of LH, is usually followed by one or more short ovulatory cycles. A previous study disclosed that brief treatment with bromocriptine early in dioestrus blocks completion of the initial cycle whereupon persistent oestrus promptly returns, indirect evidence that the cycles are sustained through low grade activation of the corpora lutea by prolactin. Further evidence of this is now presented by demonstration that administration of extrinsic prolactin at the time of the bromocriptine injection overcomes the blockage, apparently rescuing the corpora lutea and allowing completion of the cycle with renewed luteinization. Whereas bromocriptine treatment shortens the current dioestrus, the added prolactin restores the duration to at least that shown by 'LH-only' controls. In a related experiment, when persistent oestrus was interrupted by an injection of phenobarbitone (without corpus luteum formation), most of the rats remained dioestrous for only 2 days. In a few rats, this was followed by spontaneous completion of an ovulatory 4-day cycle. Hence, in the 'LH-only' group the small number of 4-day cycles may actually have gone to completion without dependence on the original set of corpora lutea. In some of the 'LH-only' group, a possible relationship was examined between the prolactin level at the time of LH injection and the subsequent ability of the rat to sustain multiple cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541241 TI - Trophectoderm cell subpopulations in the periimplantation mouse blastocyst. AB - Trophectoderm of the preimplantation mouse blastocyst is composed of two cell subpopulations relative to their proximity to the inner cell mass. The polar trophectoderm overlying the inner cell mass proliferates to form the ectoplacental cone, and the mural trophectoderm endoreplicates and gives rise to giant cells. We examined specific differences in the two trophectoderm cell populations using a lectin (Dolichos biflorus) to detect cell surface characteristics and a simple sugar (D-Gal) to detect differences in incorporation. During the first day of delayed implantation, the mural trophectoderm presented twice as many lectin binding sites as did the polar trophectoderm. The mural trophectoderm of both nondelaying and delayed implantation blastocysts showed a greater rate of incorporation of the tritiated sugar by presenting more reduced silver grains in radioautograms. These results indicate that the mural trophectoderm and polar trophectoderm are two distinct cell types in the periimplantation blastocyst. PMID- 6541242 TI - Effects of physical activity and other types of stress on catecholamine metabolism in various animal species. AB - The investigation of catecholamine (CA) metabolism in animals subjected to various types of stress (different pain syndromes; cranial trauma; immobilization; cooling) and physical exercise shows considerable similarity among species in the sequence of changes, leading from the activation to the depletion of the sympathoadrenal system. The changes caused by physical exercise tend to be more pronounced in individuals with a genetic predisposition to greater stress responses. Stress adaption, induced by special training or by long duration exposure to hypoxia, can substantially prevent the changes caused by physical exercise. Trained rats at rest show accelerated CA turnover, and after exercise, adaptive hypometabolic changes. Physical exercise causes both unspecific changes in CA metabolism, similar to those seen after other types of stress, and more specific ones, i.e., suppression of tissue CA synthesis and nonresponsiveness to exogenous L-tyrosine or L-DOPA. Adrenal CA synthesis could be restored in such animals by treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclic-AMP (c AMP). The depression of CA synthesis after hard physical activity may be a mechanism for protecting the body from the injurious effect of the excessive CA release that would occur under stress. PMID- 6541243 TI - Activation of peritoneal lymphocyte cytotoxicity in patients with ovarian cancer by intraperitoneal treatment with Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Following an intensive course of combination chemotherapy, patients with minimal residual ovarian cancer were treated with increasing concentrations of intraperitoneal Corynebacterium parvum to assess whether or not natural killer (NK) cells could be activated. Immunotherapy was administered every 2 weeks, initially with a dose of 250 micrograms/m2, which was progressively escalated as tolerated. Each treatment induced a peritoneal cellular exudate which consisted primarily of neutrophils 48h after injection and of lymphocytes and macrophages at 7 and 14 days after injection. Peritoneal NK cytotoxicity increased during treatment in six of nine patients tested. NK precursor cells susceptible to in vitro activation with either C. parvum or interferon became detectable during treatment in all five patients tested. In four of these five, precursors were detected prior to the development of enhanced spontaneous NK activity. In four patients serially studied, peripheral blood NK activity increased during therapy. These results indicate that regional intraperitoneal therapy with C. parvum can enhance nonspecific antitumor cytotoxic mechanisms within the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6541244 TI - Primary central nervous system tumors in stillborns and infants. Epidemiological considerations. AB - An epidemiologic investigation of true neoplasms of the central nervous system in fetuses and infants in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was undertaken. Since all fetal deaths and all deaths in the first year of life are subject to a full postmortem examination and since all cancer cases or deaths are reported to a central registry, the prerequisites for a valid assessment of the incidence of these tumors are present. During the years 1960-1979, 55 histopathologically verified tumors of the central nervous system were identified in the GDR, a frequency of approximately 1.1 per 100 000 births. Unexpectedly, medulloblastoma (13 cases) was the most frequent tumor type. PMID- 6541245 TI - Sexual behavior and aggression in male mice: involvement of the vomeronasal system. AB - Recent observations have implicated the vomeronasal (accessory olfactory) system in the chemosensory control of rodent social behaviors. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of peripheral vomeronasal organ extirpation on sexual behavior, aggression, and urine marking in male mice. Relative to sham-operated control animals, mice lacking vomeronasal organs displayed significantly reduced levels of copulatory behavior and intermale aggression. Urine marking rates were not reduced. The peripheral removal of the vomeronasal organ resulted in complete bilateral deafferentation of the accessory olfactory bulbs but spared the peripheral input to the main olfactory bulbs as evidenced by the lack of anterograde vomeronasal nerve transport but normal anterograde olfactory nerve transport of intranasally applied horseradish peroxidase. Neither body weights, paired testes weights, nor seminal vesicle weights of mice with vomeronasal system lesions differed significantly from those of control animals. Thus, an intact vomeronasal organ is important for the normal display of sexual behavior and aggression in male mice, and the reductions in these androgen-dependent behaviors following peripheral deafferentation of the vomeronasal system cannot be attributed to a chronic reduction of gonadal hormone secretion. PMID- 6541247 TI - [Electron-microscopic study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in head and neck- classification and prognosis]. PMID- 6541246 TI - The role of feedback from the vocal organ. I. Maintenance of stereotypical vocalizations by adult zebra finches. AB - The stereotypical vocal patterns of adult male zebra finches (Poephila guttata) were examined before and after elimination of auditory feedback and/or feedback from the vocal organ (the syrinx). Elimination of auditory feedback was accomplished via bilateral removal of the cochleae, whereas feedback from the syrinx was eliminated by cutting hypoglossal afferent fibers while leaving hypoglossal efferents intact. Very little or no disruption of song was observed in birds which underwent deafening as well as unilateral deafferentation of the syrinx. Control experiments showed that the minor deficits observed were not attributable to lesion of pulmonary fibers in the descending branch of the vagus. There was also little deficit in song behavior of birds that were deafened and subjected to bilateral deafferentation of the syrinx. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that stable song patterns in adult passerine birds are not dependent on peripheral sources of feedback, but may be governed by a learned central control program. PMID- 6541248 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity in middle ear effusions]. PMID- 6541249 TI - Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients versus the Neonatal Pulmonary Insufficiency Index for prediction of mortality in ECMO candidates. AB - Current selection criteria necessary for intelligent application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in hypoxic neonates remains controversial. Both the Neonatal Pulmonary Insufficiency Index (NPII) and serial alveolar-arterial oxygenation gradient measurements (A-a)Do2 have been recommended. Accordingly, an analysis of 50 consecutive severely hypoxic neonates was undertaken to assess the predictive value of (A-a)Do2 determinations and NPII in discriminating survivors from non-survivors. These infants with meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), or persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) required maximum mechanical ventilation for hypoxia. Pharmacologic manipulation of pulmonary vascular resistance was attempted in 83%. If postductal (A-a)Do2 remained greater than or equal to 620 torr despite 12 hours of maximum medical therapy, mortality was 100%; however, 35% of nonsurvivors were unfortunately excluded. (A-a)Do2 greater than or equal to 600 torr for 12 hours demonstrated 93.8% mortality, and only 12% of all mortalities were thus excluded. Among nonsurvivors successfully hyperventilated, the NPII could not predict mortality. Ideal selection criteria must exclude those who would otherwise survive without ECMO, yet allow early accurate identification of the neonate certain to die. It would appear that serial (A-a)Do2 determinations best permit this identification and thus orderly application of ECMO. PMID- 6541250 TI - Non-familial male hermaphrodite uterine hernia syndrome (a case report). PMID- 6541251 TI - A clinical trial of the beta blocker propranolol in premature ejaculation. AB - Twelve male patients, with a primary complaint of premature ejaculation in a setting of chronic anxiety with prominent somatic manifestations, participated in a double-blind trial: propranolol against placebo. The study consisted of 5 X 4 week phases: run-in, propranolol or placebo--120 mg/day allocated randomly, wash out; placebo or propranolol and run-out, in a balanced design. Anxiety was rated initially, and every 2 weeks, throughout the trial using the Hamilton Rating Scale. Sitting blood pressure and pulse were also noted. The time to coital ejaculation (every 3 days) was recorded using a stopwatch, and subjects were also required to rate "overall coital satisfaction" and "quality of erection". Neither prematurity nor other signs/symptoms of anxiety improved on the preparations, which were statistically equivalent. Moderate beta-blockade was achieved with propranolol as evidenced by a median reduction in pulse rate of 5 beats/min. PMID- 6541252 TI - Coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis: difficulties encountered in the differential diagnosis of common manifestations. AB - Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and sarcoidosis illustrate the dilemmas posed by their coexistence in the same patient. The first patient with classical RA developed iridocyclitis, interstitial lung disease and cranial neuropathies, initially attributed to extraarticular rheumatoid disease. Subsequent lung and skin biopsy revealed many granulomas consistent with sarcoidosis whereas synovium revealed changes typical for RA. In the second patient with cutaneous and pulmonary sarcoidosis development of persistent erosive polyarthritis and a subcutaneous nodule with typical pathology permitted the diagnosis of coexistent RA. These cases emphasize that uveitis alone or multiple cranial neuropathies are not features of RA and symptomatic interstitial lung disease in patients with RA warrants further investigation. PMID- 6541253 TI - Urethral overdilatation in females with lower urinary tract symptoms. AB - The long-term results of using the Otis urethrotome as a dilator only in females with lower urinary tract symptoms are reported. Out of 103 patients, 80% were symptomatically improved or cured at initial follow up and this was maintained at 18 months in 62% of cases. Optimal, long-term results (78% improvement or cure) were obtained in the subgroup of patients who had recurrent urinary tract infections. The results compare favourably with those reported following urethrotomy. The advantages of urethral overdilatation are discussed. PMID- 6541254 TI - Factors affecting the extrusion rates of ventilation tubes. AB - A survey in which 939 ventilation tubes of 8 different patterns were inserted and reviewed (up to a maximum of 2 1/4 years) is analysed. Various factors determining the rate of extrusion are discussed. The Sheehy Collar Button tube remained functional for a longer period than any of the other tubes included in the survey. PMID- 6541255 TI - Tympanic epithelium: an ultrastructural, experimental and clinical study. AB - Ultrastructural studies of the guinea pig tympanic membrane failed to reveal specific morphological features that could be associated with migration. A staining method was used to study epithelial migration on 68 normal guinea pig tympanic membranes. A very predictable migratory pattern emerged which was neither influenced by perforation or ventilating tube insertion. Clinical studies in children on 61 normal tympanic membranes revealed a rapid migration which was unchanged by middle ear effusion. A centrifugal pattern of migration was observed in relation to the 23 chronic perforations studied. The kinetics of epithelium in relation to 41 ventilating tubes and in 23 retraction pockets is described. PMID- 6541256 TI - Latent inhibitors of aldehyde dehydrogenase as alcohol deterrent agents. AB - A series of compounds structurally related to pargyline (N-methyl-N propargylbenzylamine, 4) were synthesized with the propargyl group replaced by a cyclopropyl, allyl, or 2,2,2-trichloroethyl group and, additionally in several cases, with the methyl group replaced by H. The rationale for their preparation was based on the expectation that, like pargyline, which gives rise to propiolaldehyde, oxidative metabolism of the above compounds by the hepatic cytochrome P-450 enzymes would lead to the generation in vivo of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (AlDH) inhibitors, cyclopropanone, acrolein, or chloral. These compounds were evaluated for inhibition of liver AlDH in vivo by measuring the elevation of ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde in rats and in vitro by the rate of oxidation of acetaldehyde by intact and osmotically disrupted liver mitochondria. Administration of N-methyl-N-cyclopropylbenzylamine (5) and its nor methyl analogue (8) to rats raised blood acetaldehyde levels significantly over controls at 2 h. This effect was more pronounced at 9 h, with blood acetaldehyde levels reaching 19 to 27 times control values and approaching the values induced by pargyline. Other compounds elicited significant elevations in ethanol-derived blood acetaldehyde only at 9 h. We suggest that latent inhibitors of AlDH such as 5 or 8 might be useful as alcohol deterrent agents. PMID- 6541257 TI - Activity of novel aminocannabinoids in baboons. AB - The axial and equatorial isomers of 7-(methylamino)hexahydrocannabinol (1 and 2) and 7-(dimethylamino)hexahydrocannabinol (3 and 4) were prepared by reductive amination of the corresponding cannabinoid aldehydes. The amines caused some tranquility in baboons but did not evoke the typical cannabimimetic syndrome caused by psychoactive cannabinoids. However the axial amines (1 and 3) but not the equatorial ones (2 and 4) caused bouts of scratching and yawning. The latter is a rare pharmacological effect hitherto not observed with other cannabinoids. PMID- 6541258 TI - MFMC and peer review under PRO: what changes can you expect? PMID- 6541259 TI - The functional characteristics of cultured rat mesangial cell. AB - Glomerular mesangial cells were isolated from explants of normal rat whole glomeruli according to the differential growth capacities of the cultured cells. The cultured mesangial cells comprised almost all of the grown cells on day 21 of the primary culture when the subculture could be performed. They contained abundant cytoplasmic microfilaments and actin. The contractile response to vasoactive hormone of both primarily cultured and subcultured mesangial cells was quantified as a decrease in cell surface area. The maximum decrease in surface area in response to 1 nM of angiotensin II was about 30%. This magnitude of contraction is consistent with that observed in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. The mesangial cells did not phagocytose horse-radish peroxidase or sensitized sheep red blood cells, nor did they have binding capacities for Fc or C3b, while the cells derived from explanted glomerulus and probably of blood-born monocyte origin did. We conclude that the most important function of the glomerular mesangial cell is the control of glomerular blood flow and filtration by contraction. PMID- 6541260 TI - [Clinical study of cis-platinum in the chemotherapy for malignant gastrointestinal disease: arterial infusion and intraperitoneal administration]. AB - We studied the antitumor effects and the side effects of CDDP in the main cancer chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer. CDDP (100mg) was administered through the hepatic artery, systemic vein and peritoneal cavity. The administration period was four weeks. In the cases of the hepatic arterial infusion, the size of metastatic liver tumors and CEA level decreased markedly. In those of the intraperitoneal administration, ascites decreased and performance status was well maintained. There was no bone marrow depression or nephropathy. Nausea and vomiting were the main side effects, being associated with 29 administrations (52%). Acute intrahepatic biliary stasis was found in the case of hepatic arterial administration of 300mg of CDDP. PMID- 6541261 TI - [Computed tomography of amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome]. PMID- 6541262 TI - A study on the fibrinolytic activity of cadaveric blood: isolation and characterization of plasminogen activator from cadaveric plasma after sudden death. PMID- 6541263 TI - Enhancement of behavioral effect and acute toxicity of methamphetamine by quinine in rats. AB - The behavioral effect and acute toxicity of methamphetamine were tested alone and in combination with quinine in rats. Quinine prolonged and increased the effect of methamphetamine. The enhancement of methamphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior was very marked when quinine was given prior to or simultaneously with methamphetamine. However, the time for onset of methamphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior was not affected by quinine. The mortality of methamphetamine was also potentiated markedly by quinine. The enhancement of the behavioral effect and the toxicity of methamphetamine may be due to inhibition of the metabolism of methamphetamine by quinine. PMID- 6541264 TI - Changes in the incorporating activity of 35S-sulfate into gastric sulfated glycoproteins in the rat with erosions by restraint and water immersion stress. AB - The synthetic activity of rat gastric sulfated glycoproteins (SGP) in vitro was investigated at various time intervals after water immersion stress using 35S sulfate as a precursor. More than 90 percent of the total radioactivity was incorporated into mucosal SGP, and the rest was incorporated into glycosaminoglycans in the gastric muscular layer. The incorporation of 35S sulfate into SGP increased at 2 hr and decreased at 6 hr after the onset of stress. The incorporating activity again increased markedly at 12 hr and then recovered to the normal level at 24 hr after the onset of stress. An anti-ulcer agent, N-(N-acetyl-beta-alanyl)-L-histidine aluminum complex (AAHA), significantly increased the SGP synthetic activity at 12 hr and at 24 hr after the onset of stress. It was indicated from the elution patterns on the DEAE cellulose column that AAHA increased the amount of highly sulfated glycoproteins compared with the stress control at 12 hr after the onset of stress. The uronic acid content in the gastric muscular layer of the rat was unchanged with stress. These results in the in vitro experiment indicate that the SGP synthetic activity does not decrease with stress load, but rather increases at 2 hr and at 12 hr after the onset of stress when a sufficient amount of 35S-sulfate is supplied. Accordingly, it is suggested that SGP facilitates the restoration of the gastric mucosal damage caused by stress. PMID- 6541265 TI - Behavioral effects of brotizolam, a new thienotriazolodiazepine derivative. AB - The behavioral effect of brotizolam was investigated in mice and rats, in comparison with those of diazepam, nitrazepam and estazolam. Locomotor activity of rats in an open field situation was slightly increased with smaller doses of brotizolam and estazolam and with larger doses of nitrazepam, while it was decreased with large doses of brotizolam and estazolam. The anticonflict effect of brotizolam in rats was approximately as potent as that of diazepam and was augmented following chronic administration for 10 days. In suppressing hyperemotionality and muricide of olfactory bulbectomized rats, brotizolam was more potent than diazepam, being approximately equipotent to nitrazepam and estazolam. Brotizolam, diazepam, nitrazepam and estazolam prevented both maximal electroshock and pentetrazol convulsions in mice, the effects on the latter being much more potent than those on the former. In impairing rotarod performance, brotizolam was as potent as estazolam and nitrazepam and was much more potent than diazepam in mice, but was less potent than estazolam and nitrazepam in rats. These results indicate that brotizolam possesses pharmacological properties characteristic to benzodiazepines and that the activity is more potent than that of diazepam and approximately as potent as those of nitrazepam and estazolam. PMID- 6541266 TI - [A study of urodynamics. XI-2. The response of urethral pressure to phentolamine and the damage of the pelvic plexus after radical hysterectomy]. PMID- 6541267 TI - Histopathologic studies on mucosal and cutaneous lesions in contagious papular dermatitis of Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus). PMID- 6541268 TI - Electron microscopy on mucosal and cutaneous lesions in contagious papular dermatitis of Japanese Serow (Capricornis crispus). PMID- 6541269 TI - [New laser instruments in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6541270 TI - [Experimental studies of the tensile strength of laser adhesions]. AB - This paper presents results of measurements of laser adhesions in rabbit eyes. A circular area of the retina 2.5 mm in diameter was covered with laser burns (diameter of laser beam 200 microns). The strength of the adhesion was measured on the 8th and 22nd days after coagulation. The adhesive area consisted of 60-65 laser scars. The measuring technique was described by Zauberman and Berman in 1969. The group of 60-65 laser scars produced with a laser beam 200 microns in diameter and distributed over a retinal area 2.5 mm in diameter withstood traction of 90-280 mg after one week and 140-330 mg after three weeks. PMID- 6541271 TI - [Climatotherapy in chronic inflammations of the uvea]. AB - Treatment of uveitis depends on the inhibition of the inflammatory reaction by corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents. "Climatotherapy" remains a controversial subject and is generally not accepted. To test its efficacy a pilot study was undertaken. Children with chronic iridocyclitis or intermediate uveitis were sent to Israel for 3 weeks. During the follow-up period of 26 months there was an initial regression of the inflammatory reaction in most cases, followed by varied courses depending on the severity of the disease. Although no definite conclusions can be drawn owing to the small number of patients (5) there might been a beneficial effect. It seems very difficult to prove the efficacy of such "treatment", since not only the climate but also many other environmental factors were changed. PMID- 6541273 TI - Influence of nicotine on DNA metabolism. AB - We investigated the influence of nicotine and its metabolites on semiconservative DNA synthesis, DNA repair processes, and the rejoining of DNA strand breaks. Using a combined treatment with nicotine and gamma irradiation and counting the number of sister chromatid exchanges, we evaluated the action of nicotine on the whole DNA repair process, especially examining the possibility that DNA is damaged by the action of nicotine. All tests were performed on HeLa cells and verified with human lung fibroblasts. Liver microsomes of aroclor-treated rats were used as the metabolizing agent. Our findings showed that nicotine and its metabolites at concentrations below 1 mmol/l are not toxic in the cell lines used and within this subtoxic range they have no effect on DNA metabolism. Neither was DNA repair obstructed after gamma irradiation nor did the number of sister chromatid exchanges increase. PMID- 6541272 TI - [Antithrombin III changes following myocardial infarct]. AB - The antithrombin III (AT III) activity and the AT III concentration were investigated in 62 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To identify the reactant pattern of AT III in postaggressive situations, we also determined labile and acute phase proteins. Firstly, 29 patients were nourished orally and then 33 patients were fed by i.v. hyperalimentation (additional caloric intake of approximately 1,000 cal). AT III activities and concentrations as well as prealbumin and retinol-binding protein decreased concomittantly and significantly whereas haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen increased significantly after AMI. The changes cannot be interpreted as being alterations of the haematocrit. The alterations of AT III correlated significantly with the changes of labile proteins but not with the acute phase reactant proteins. The AT III decrease in the postinfarctional phase may promote a prethrombotic state. In addition it can be concluded from our results that AT III reacts as (nutritive dependent) labile protein, which is lowered in postaggressive situation and does not increase as an acute phase reactant. This is in accordance with results from recent animal experiments. PMID- 6541274 TI - Microcirculatory effects of nicotine and related alkaloids. AB - To determine the effects of nicotine alkaloids on the microcirculation of a variety of tissues, we infused equimolar concentrations (10(-4)-10(-1) M) of 1 nicotine (N), nor-nicotine (NN), dihydro-metanicotine (DHN) in the skeletal muscle, in a skin flap chamber, and in a saline-perfused mesentery preparation of the rat (WistHan). The qualitative and quantitative responses to these equimolar concentrations were measured by modern microcirculatory techniques. Our data showed that 1-nicotine and its alkaloids differ significantly in dose-dependency, maximal vasoactivity, tissue specificity, and microvascular localization. In conclusion, the small differences in the chemical structure of the pyridine ring which distinguishes the alkaloids cause significantly different microvascular effects. PMID- 6541275 TI - Radiochemical determination of estrogen receptors in cryostat sections of target tissues. AB - A radioreceptor assay on unfixed cryostat sections has been developed. Mounted and dried sections were incubated with radiolabeled estradiol in the absence and presence of an excess of diethylstilbestrol and washed with buffer. Binding of radiolabel to sections was measured by direct liquid scintillation counting. Also protein-bound radioactivity which eluted from the sections was determined with a dextran-coated charcoal assay. Parallel sections were used for histological staining and protein determination. Scatchard analysis showed the presence of specific saturable binding sites for estradiol with dissociation constants in the 0.1-1.5 nM range. It is concluded that these high affinity and limited capacity (type I) binding sites represent estrogen receptors. The ligand-binding activity of section-bound estrogen receptors did not decrease upon dry storage up to 20 h at 4 or 23 degrees C prior to assay. During aqueous incubation a significant amount of receptor, representing about 40-60% of the total tissue content, elutes from the sections. Steroid specificity was proven by incubation with excess androgen, progestogen or corticoid instead of diethylstilbestrol or estradiol. With these ligands no significant competition was found. Tissue specificity was demonstrated by a very low level of specific estradiol binding to cryostat sections of rat skeletal muscle, spleen and intestine and by a moderate level in rat liver. PMID- 6541276 TI - Binding of estradiol-17 beta and estriol in cytosolic and nuclear fractions from urogenital tissues. AB - This report describes the measurement and partial characterization of the specific binding of estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3) in the cytosols and nuclear fractions from uterus, vagina, urethra and urinary bladder of the rabbit. Fractions from uterine and vaginal tissues showed the highest binding with both E2 and E3 approx 300 fmol/mg protein. The levels of specifically bound E3 were about 70% of the corresponding values for E2. In the sedimentation analysis the cytosolic receptors for both E2 and E3 exhibited 2 major forms, 3 S and 8 S, in addition to the heavy aggregates. Sephacryl S-200 chromatography showed major and minor components corresponding to mol. wt of 250.000 and 20.000-40.000 respectively. No noteworthy differences in the cytosolic receptors from different tissues could be observed in the above analyses. Whereas the uterine nuclear E2 receptor sedimented at 4.3 S the vaginal receptor distributed in two peaks, 2.5 S and 4.3 S. The receptor from both urethra and urinary bladder sedimented at 2.5 S. Nuclear E3 receptor, however, showed a major peak at 3.5 S in all cases. Some differences in tissue nuclear receptor were also observed in their chromatographic behaviour. The results confirm the existence of estrogen receptor in both urethra and urinary bladder, and the data of the limited physiochemical analysis indicate that the receptors in these tissues are essentially similar to those in the uterus or vagina. PMID- 6541277 TI - Relative cellular distribution of particulate androgen binding between Sertoli and germ cells in rat testis. AB - An androgen binding activity with characteristics similar to ABP is present in a particulate fraction (105,000 g pellet) obtained by differential centrifugation of seminiferous tubules, impure Sertoli cells and impure germ cells homogenates. Purification of germ cells through albumin gradients, results in almost a complete loss of androgen binding activity in the purified germ cell suspensions. Furthermore, Sertoli cell enriched testes from 22-, 32- and 40-day old rats showed increases in particulate androgen binding, when compared to matched controls, parallel to increments in the activity of a Sertoli cell marker enzyme (beta-glucuronidase). These results suggest that particulate androgen binding activity is only present in Sertoli cells and this protein may play a role in the compartmentalization of androgens in the testis. PMID- 6541278 TI - Non-narcotic orally effective, centrally acting analgesic from an Ayurvedic drug. AB - Embelin, a p-quinone, is derived from Embelia ribes Burm. The analgesic effect of potassium embelate has been studied in rats and mice. The test drug was found to be effective by oral, i.m. and i.c.v. routes and the results compared well with morphine. Although potassium embelate acts centrally to produce analgesia, its effect is not antagonized by naloxone indicating a different central site of action. There is no precipitation of abstinence syndrome as observed with morphine. Peripheral site of action of the drug is ruled out as it lacks any demonstrable anti-inflammatory action. It can be concluded that high oral efficacy and non-narcotic properties of the test drug make it more acceptable than morphine. In addition, lack of any adverse effects, high therapeutic index and absence of abstinence syndrome confers a long term safety on potassium embelate for use as an analgesic. PMID- 6541279 TI - Magnesium sulfate in the treatment of variant angina. AB - 41 episodes of anginal attacks were promptly terminated by a bolus of Mg sulfate administered intravenously in 15 patients with variant angina. Pretreatment with parenterally administered Mg sulfate in four of these patients prevented further attacks. PMID- 6541280 TI - [Tonsillitis caused by Torulopsis glabrata]. PMID- 6541281 TI - Interactions between Ca2+-antagonist binding sites in rat adenohypophysis: dependence on estrous cycle. AB - The Ca2+ antagonist [3H]-nitrendipine [( 3H]-NDP) displayed high affinity binding in a saturable manner to a homogeneous population of sites when measured in rat adenohypophysis homogenates prepared from males or from females at the proestrous and estrous stages. Kd values were 0.7 +/- 0.1 nM, 0.75 +/- 0.08 nM and 1.1 +/- 0.1 nM, respectively. Maximal binding capacities (Bmax) were 11 +/- 1 fmole/mg protein for males and 20 +/- 1 fmole/mg protein for females at proestrus and 23 +/- 2 fmole/mg protein at estrus. In none of these preparations was the binding of [3H]-NDP dependent on the presence of Ca2+. The Ca2+ antagonist methoxy verapamil (also known as D-600), which belongs to a class of Ca2+-antagonists different from that of [3H]-NDP, could displace [3H]-NDP in a pattern suggesting possible allosteric interactions between the sites of these two antagonists. The displacement of [3H]-NDP by D-600 was affected by the presence of Ca2+ and varied with the estrous cycle. Our results suggest the existence of interactions between binding sites for NDP and for D-600. These interactions are affected by Ca2+, which might exert its effect through binding to a site of its own. In female adenohypophysis the interactions between these systems vary with the estrous cycle, suggesting that the coupling between them is modulated during this cycle. PMID- 6541282 TI - Distinct effects of two stresses on the behavioral response to apomorphine. AB - Isolation and intermittent oscillation produced distinct effects on the subsequent stereotypic response to apomorphine in rats. These effects also differed from the effects of intermittent apomorphine and chronic haloperidol pre treatment. Varying the frequency of oscillation stress changed the magnitude but not the type of the effect. Thus, different types of stress may effect the dopaminergic neurochemical system uniquely. PMID- 6541283 TI - Effect of corticosterone on the prolactin response to psychological and physical stress in rats. AB - Both corticosterone and prolactin (PRL) levels increase in response to stress. In these studies we examined the effect of corticosterone on the PRL response to both physical (footshock) and psychological (novel environment) stress. Three groups of rats were used: sham adrenalectomized (SHAM), adrenalectomized (ADX), and adrenalectomized with corticosterone replacement (ADX+CORT). The corticosterone-treated animals received 80 micrograms corticosterone/ml drinking water. Blood samples were drawn via an indwelling cannula and PRL values determined using radioimmunoassay. ADX rats showed a consistently greater PRL response to being placed on a platform above water (novel environment) or when receiving intermittant footshock than did ADX+CORT rats. The PRL response of the latter group was similar to that of the SHAM animals. These findings indicate that corticosterone levels of an animal can significantly attenuate the magnitude of the PRL response to both physical and psychological stress. These findings further emphasize that the PRL response to stress is dependent not only upon the immediate action of the stressor, but also the prior stress history of the animal. PMID- 6541284 TI - Light intensities required to suppress nocturnal melatonin secretion in albino and pigmented rats. AB - Sprague-Dawley albino rats or Long-Evans pigmented rats were exposed during the dark phase of the daily light:dark cycle to various intensities of a sunlight stimulating white fluorescent light (0.022, 0.044, 0.110, 0.220, 0.440 or 2.200 microW/cm2) for 30 min; pineal glands and trunk blood samples were then collected and assayed for melatonin by radioimmunoassay. Albino rats exposed to irradiances of 0.110 microW/cm2 or less had pineal melatonin levels that were not significantly different from those of unexposed animals; higher irradiances significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced melatonin levels. In contrast, as little as 0.022 microW/cm2 significantly (P less than 0.02) reduced pineal and serum melatonin levels in the pigmented rats. These results suggest that something other than the simple presence or absence of eye pigmentation is the critical factor in determining the sensitivity of the rat's pineal to retinal mediated photic suppression of melatonin synthesis. PMID- 6541285 TI - [Comparative value of egg size and larval morphology in the diagnosis of species of ancylostomids. Existence of abnormal larvae]. AB - The values of eggs mensuration and results of coproculture have been compared for the identification of species of ancylostomia infestations. Results are confirming the necessity of coproculture for this diagnosis when the size of eggs is not inferior to 61 mu or superior to 72 mu. One case of morphological anomaly of some strongyloid larvae of Necator americanus has been related. PMID- 6541286 TI - [Biosynthesis of protein and reserve substances by yeasts growing on different substrates with limited sources of mineral nutrition]. AB - The content of protein and reserve compounds was studied in yeast cells growing on glucose, hexadecane and ethanol in a complete medium and in media limited with a source of nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur. It was shown that the proportion between these components characterises the direction of biosynthetic processes in the cell depending on cultivation conditions. This is strongly shifted towards protein synthesis in the period of exponential growth when constructive processes are active. When the growth is limited with the sources of mineral nutrition, the content of protein drops down abruptly while that of the reserve compounds, lipids and carbohydrates, rises. Glycogen prevails in cells grown on glucose whereas lipids are the major component of cells cultivated on hexadecane. Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur deficiency causes quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of free and bound amino acids in yeast biomass. The degree of these changes depends on the nature of the growth--limiting factor. PMID- 6541287 TI - [Growth and biotin synthesis of Sporobolomyces pararoseus and Rhizopus delemar under different substrate ratios]. AB - Biotin synthesis by the yeast Sporobolomyces pararoseus and the microscopic fungus Rhizopus delemar was studied in batch cultures at different substrate ratios in the medium. The overall (exocellular + endocellular) biotin content in the yeast was 4.5-6.0 micrograms per 1 g of biomass on different media and did not depend on the growth phase. The content of biotin in the fungus was 7.5-9.0 micrograms per 1 g of biomass and depended neither on the growth phase nor on the quantitative ratio between components of the growth medium. In contrast to the yeast, the content of exocellular biotin per 1 g of the mycelium increased with the fungal growth, and the yield of biotin was maximal (25-29 micrograms/g) at the stationary growth phase. The maximal rate of biotin synthesis by the both organisms coincided in time with their maximal growth rate. PMID- 6541288 TI - [Genital herpes in the female]. PMID- 6541289 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of rare human helminthiases (rat-borne hymenolepiasis and dipylidiasis)]. PMID- 6541290 TI - Slaughter weight loss attributable to pregnancy in feedlot heifers. AB - Slaughter weight loss attributable to pregnancy in feedlot heifers was determined by immediate postmortem weighing of uteri and uterine contents of pregnant heifers. For each 10% pregnant animals within a group of slaughter heifers, the dressing percentage was reduced for the entire group by 0.66%. PMID- 6541291 TI - Perineal urethrostomy in cats. A pictorial essay. PMID- 6541292 TI - Hormonal inhibition of adenylate cyclase. A crucial role for Mg2+. AB - In several adenylate cyclase systems (anterior pituitary gland, human platelets, adipocytes, rat liver membranes), inhibitory hormones were shown to reduce basal adenylate cyclase activity by decreasing the "apparent affinity" of those systems for Mg2+ activation, without modifying the Vmax of the reaction. In the absence of hormones, the Mg2+ dose-activation curves were monophasic, whereas in the presence of hormones a clear heterogeneity was revealed. Therefore, inhibitory hormones induced a right-hand shift in the Mg2+ dose-activation curve. This hormonal effect was concentration-dependent. In human platelets, the inhibition of prostaglandin E1-stimulated adenylate cyclase by norepinephrine was also due to a decrease in the apparent affinity for Mg2+. In anterior pituitary gland, when Mg2+ was substituted by Mn2+, similar results were obtained. Thus, dopamine produced its inhibition by decreasing the apparent affinity for Mn2+ both under basal and vasoactive intestinal peptide-stimulated conditions. At Mg2+ or Mn2+ concentrations high enough to obtain saturation of the low apparent affinity state, hormone-induced inhibition was not observed. In anterior pituitary gland and in human platelet membranes, Na+ was not required in order to observe adenylate cyclase inhibition by catecholamines. In adipocytes and rat liver membranes, however, Na+ was required. In both systems, GTP was able to transform adenylate cyclase to a low Mg2+ apparent affinity state. Na+ was able to reverse (in a dose-dependent manner) the system to a high Mg2+ apparent affinity state. Once in this state, hormones were shown to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity by reverting the enzyme to a low apparent affinity state for Mg2+. PMID- 6541294 TI - Mating type of Trichophyton tonsurans. PMID- 6541293 TI - Estrogen-stimulated prolactin synthesis in vitro. Classification of agonist, partial agonist, and antagonist actions based on structure. AB - An in vitro assay that depends upon the synthesis of prolactin by primary cultures of dispersed cells from immature rat pituitary cells was used to study the structural requirement for estrogen action. Two categories of estrogens were identified: full estrogens (agonists) and partial estrogens (partial agonists) with antiestrogenic actions against the effects of 0.1 nM estradiol (E2). All of the agonists [diethylstilbestrol (DES), dimethylstilbestrol (DMS), R2858, and RU16117] produced a dose-related increase in prolactin synthesis equivalent to E2, although potencies were different: E2 = DES = R2858 greater than RU16117 greater than DMS. Partial agonists [ICI 3188, tri(4-hydroxyphenyl)chloroethylene, and bisphenol] each had bis(4-hydroxyphenol) substitutions at the ethylene double bond and stimulated prolactin synthesis only to about 50% of the maximal response observed with E2. Trianisylchloroethylene was weakly active as a partial agonist, but at high concentration (10 microM) was able to decrease prolactin synthesis produced by 0.1 nM E2. Previous studies from these laboratories showed that triphenylethylene derivatives with a strategically located alkyl aminoethoxyside chain are complete E2 antagonists with no agonist activity. Two series of novel compounds were assayed to determine whether their structures would predict biological activity. LN2299, the cis geometric isomer of a triphenylbromethylene, was a full agonist with activity equivalent to zuclomiphene, the cis geometric isomer of clomiphene. Cyclofenyl was a partial agonist, but deacetylation to the diphenol increased partial agonist activity and potency. However, introduction of a single pyrrolidinoethylside chain into the deacetylated cyclofenyl increased antiestrogenic potency and completely suppressed the expression of agonist activity. Finally, LN2833, with a novel C(OH)CH3 side chain in the position normally occupied by the alkylaminoethoxyside chain of most antiestrogens, produced antiestrogen activity with no estrogen properties. Antiestrogenic potency was increased in LN2839 by a phenol in the triphenylethylene in a position equivalent to the 3-phenolic hydroxyl of E2. In general, the potency and biological properties could be predicted by reference to the structure of the molecule. Potent estrogens or antiestrogens have a phenolic hydroxyl in a position that would be equivalent to the 3-phenolic hydroxyl of E2. Partial agonist action is predicted by a 4-hydroxyphenol attached to the same carbon as the phenyl ring equivalent to the A-ring of E2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6541295 TI - Spaetlese lung. PMID- 6541296 TI - Reduction of the minimal sequence for initiation of DNA synthesis by qualitative or quantitative changes of an initiator protein. AB - Initiation of DNA synthesis at an origin of DNA replication involves complex protein-DNA interactions that are still poorly understood. Some of these interactions are highly specific and involve proteins (initiator proteins) thought to be essential for regulation of the initiation process because of their rate-limiting activity. We show here that both qualitative and quantitative changes in one of these proteins have profound effects on protein-DNA interactions at an origin of DNA replication, and are sufficient to reduce to less than one-third the minimal sequence required for initiation. The general implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6541297 TI - Differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells after transfer of c-fos proto oncogenes. AB - Transfer of mouse or human c-fos proto-oncogenes into F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells results in expression of c-fos mRNA and protein. This is accompanied by the appearance of morphologically altered cells which express several specific markers characteristic of differentiated cells, suggesting that c-fos plays a role in cellular differentiation. PMID- 6541298 TI - [Vascular disorders of the eye in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6541299 TI - Screening for middle ear fluid in an urban pre-school population. PMID- 6541300 TI - Cerebral ischemia and atrial fibrillation: prospective study. AB - The frequency of recurrent cerebral ischemia and death was determined prospectively in 36 patients who presented with ischemic stroke and had atrial fibrillation. Patients were followed an average of 2.3 months (range, 3 weeks to 9 months). The recurrence rate for cerebral ischemia was 33%, and the mortality rate was 22%. A beneficial effect of anticoagulation, given nonrandomly, was observed when we compared treated versus untreated patients followed for a similar length of time. Nine patients (25%), however, had CT evidence of hemorrhage associated with cerebral embolic infarction. PMID- 6541301 TI - Thermographic changes in cluster headache. AB - Eleven patients were examined thermographically during spontaneous cluster headaches and 22 during attacks induced by nitroglycerin or alcohol. In cluster headache, heat loss increased from the affected orbital region, and in some patients, this spread above and below the eye, down the nose, and to the affected temple. Inhalation of 100% oxygen reduced or abolished cluster pain in 22 of 25 instances, and asymmetry of heat loss then disappeared. Since the unilateral increase in blood flow usually followed the onset of pain in affected areas, the vascular changes of cluster headache are probably secondary phenomena, initiated by a vasodilator pathway, with the trigeminal nerve as the afferent and the greater superficial petrosal nerve as the efferent limb. PMID- 6541302 TI - Fetal frontal cortex transplant (14C) 2-deoxyglucose uptake and histology: survival in cavities of host rat brain motor cortex. AB - Fetal frontal neocortex from 18-day-old rat embryonic brain was transplanted into cavities in 30-day-old host motor cortex. Sixty days after transplantation, 5 of 15 transplanted rats had surviving fetal transplants. The fetal cortex transplants were physically attached to the host brain, completely filled the original cavity, and had numerous surviving cells including pyramidal neurons. Cell lamination within the fetal transplant was abnormal. The (14C) 2 deoxyglucose uptake of all five of the fetal neocortex transplants was less than adjacent cortex and contralateral host motor-sensory cortex, but more than adjacent corpus callosum white matter. The results indicate that fetal frontal neocortex can be transplanted into damaged rat motor cortex. The metabolic rate of the transplants suggests they could be partially functional. PMID- 6541303 TI - Duchenne dystrophy: reduced density of orthogonal array subunit particles in muscle plasma membrane. AB - Using freeze-fracture, we analyzed the density of orthogonal arrays and subunit particles in muscle plasma membrane of six patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and six control boys. The group median density of orthogonal arrays per 1 micron2 and the group mean density of orthogonal array subunit particles per one orthogonal array were significantly lower in Duchenne plasma membrane. The results suggested the possible impairment of orthogonal array function in the muscle plasma membrane of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6541304 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked potential and blink reflex in multiple sclerosis. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and blink reflex (BR) were abnormal in 40% and 26% of 130 patients with MS. Overall, BR was affected in 53% of patients with abnormal BAEP involving I-III and 41% of those involving III-V interval. In 23 patients with unilateral BR involvement, BAEP was affected ipsilaterally in 10, contralaterally in 0 and bilaterally in 8. In 12 patients with bilateral BR abnormalities, BAEP was involved unilaterally in 1 and bilaterally in 8. We conclude: (1) pontine lesions may prolong either I-III or III-V interwave latency of BAEP, and (2) unilateral abnormalities of BAEP tend to implicate the uncrossed auditory pathways. PMID- 6541305 TI - Treatment of Lambert-Eaton syndrome: 3,4-diaminopyridine and pyridostigmine. AB - We used a new drug, 3,4-diaminopyridine, to treat five patients with the Lambert Eaton syndrome, one with a carcinoma and four cryptogenic. The effects of intravenous, oral, and rectal administration were evaluated clinically and electrophysiologically after single doses and during continuous treatment for up to 21 months. 3,4-Diaminopyridine effectively ameliorated the neuromuscular and autonomic nervous system disorders without severe side effects. Anticholinesterase drugs strongly potentiated the benefit of 3,4-diaminopyridine. PMID- 6541307 TI - The low concordance rate for Parkinson's disease in twins: a possible explanation. PMID- 6541306 TI - An illness severity score for multiple sclerosis. AB - A single score is desirable for evaluating progression in clinical trials of MS therapy. Our objective was to develop a more sensitive scoring that would reflect clinical assessment of relative severity of disability. An Illness Severity Score (ISS) was developed as a sum of weights corresponding to ratings of Kurtzke Disability Status Scale and Functional Systems Scales and phase of illness. Weights were computed from clinical comparison of pairs of patients. The score was standardized to have mean 50 and standard deviation 10 in a single clinic population. Score reproducibility (correlation = 0.93) was evaluated by two independent scorings of several patients. The ISS was satisfactory as the primary assessment in a small-scale clinical trial. PMID- 6541308 TI - Outcome following microsurgical vascular decompression or partial sensory rhizotomy in 125 cases of trigeminal neuralgia. AB - Microsurgical vascular decompression (MVD) was used for 92 patients with trigeminal root entry zone (REZ) compression. In 2 patients, abnormal nerve roots were sectioned; 5 had extra-axial tumors, and 26 with no apparent REZ pathology had partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR). Mean follow-up was 26 months; 105 patients, including those with tumors, are pain-free. Nine have infrequent discomfort, requiring no medication. Eleven patients had recurrence, 9 within 1 year; 4 on medication and 3 after reoperation are pain-free. Complications were few. No patient died. Although PSR and MVD had equal efficacy, MVD is favored to relieve trigeminal neuralgia without sensory loss. PMID- 6541309 TI - Locked-in state with bilateral internal capsule infarcts. AB - A posttraumatic patient was tetraplegic and mute (locked-in), but he retained consciousness and communicated by eye movements. CT showed bilateral internal capsule (IC) infarcts involving the posterior limb and caudal part of the genu, sparing the ventral brainstem. This is the first report of the locked-in state caused by infarcts in both IC. PMID- 6541310 TI - Distinguishing between extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscle weakness in unilateral hypoglossal palsy. AB - A 53-year-old man presented with multiple right cranial nerve palsies that included the tongue. When the tongue was protruded, it deviated to the right. However, when the tongue was not protruded, he could readily turn the tip of the tongue to the left, but not to the right. Protrusion of the tongue requires the action of extrinsic tongue muscles, but lateral movements of the nonprotruded tongue are accomplished by intrinsic tongue muscles. PMID- 6541311 TI - A neurologic rating scale (NRS) for use in multiple sclerosis. AB - A neurologic rating scale (NRS) has been developed for clinical assessment of MS patients. The scale has been tested on 250 MS patients. Assignment of the NRS score is based on assessment of each component of the neurologic examination and accurately reflects overall neurologic function. Clinical exacerbations are evident as significant deviations from baseline scores. There was close interexaminer correlation, with the range of variability no greater than 2.6%. The NRS is a simple, reliable, and sensitive scale that can be used with other objective measurements of neurologic function, such as neurophysiologic studies, in the clinical assessment of MS patients. PMID- 6541312 TI - Transient cataplexy after removal of a craniopharyngioma. AB - We studied a patient with cataplexy secondary to a surgical lesion that involved the perichiasmal hypothalamus. We believe that this lesion interfered with the hypothalamic mechanism for timing sleep and wakefulness, whereas the pontine mechanism for generating sleep cycles remained relatively intact. PMID- 6541313 TI - Chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Mononeuritis multiplex and acute demyelinating polyneuropathy (Guillain-Barre syndrome) are well known in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Chronic acquired demyelinating polyneuropathy has been reported rarely in SLE. Two young women had monophasic progressive weakness, areflexia, elevated CSF protein, and slow nerve conduction velocities as the first manifestation of SLE. Sural nerve biopsy in one patient revealed mild loss of myelinated fibers and an increased number of thinly myelinated fibers. Steroid therapy led to improvement in both patients. These patients demonstrate that chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy can be an unusual presentation of SLE, even preceding characteristic systemic disease by months. PMID- 6541314 TI - Extra- and intrathecal production of antinerve and antibrain antibodies in Guillain-Barre syndrome: evaluation by an antibody index. AB - In serum and CSF samples from 19 patients with the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), we assayed complement-fixing autoantibodies that react with peripheral and central nervous tissue. About two thirds of the serum and CSF samples reacted with preparations of one or both tissues. The distribution of antibodies, evaluated by the antibody index (CSF/serum titer divided by CSF/serum albumin), suggested predominantly extrathecal production in most patients, but an intrathecal contribution was also seen. Thus, the possible pathogenic effects of antineural antibodies in GBS may be exerted on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6541315 TI - Pseudocataplexy: gelastic-atonic seizures. AB - Gelastic-atonic seizures are characterized by laughing and then loss of muscle tone. They are difficult to differentiate from laughter-induced cataplexy and may be indicative of Niemann-Pick disease Type C or variants. We studied an 11-year old girl who had gelastic-atonic seizures that were triggered by laughing. The nature of her attacks was established by ictal EEG ambulatory recordings at home. There was no evidence of Niemann-Pick disease. PMID- 6541317 TI - Temporal lobe epilepsy: an extrahypothalamic pathogenesis for polycystic ovarian syndrome? AB - In a random sample of 20 women with temporal lobe epilepsy (complex partial seizures, CPS), we found 5 women with the polycystic ovarian syndrome. This finding in a small sample suggests a fivefold overrepresentation of polycystic ovarian syndrome among women with CPS. Clinical and experimental data support the notion that CPS and polycystic ovarian syndrome either favor a mutual development or are parallel effects of a common pathogenesis. PMID- 6541316 TI - Effects of carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite on amygdala-kindled seizures in rats. AB - Fourteen animals with stable generalized kindled seizures received three doses of carbamazepine and its epoxide (12.5 to 50 mg/kg IP) in a crossover design. Both compounds suppressed the secondarily generalized convulsion but only affected the partial seizure from the amygdala to a limited extent. The parent drug and the metabolite were equipotent against both seizure types. The results confirm the belief that carbamazepine epoxide has anticonvulsant properties and suggest that it may exert a major therapeutic effect in humans. PMID- 6541318 TI - CT in cerebral cysticercosis. PMID- 6541319 TI - Eosinophilic meningitis. PMID- 6541320 TI - Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with no ophthalmoplegia. PMID- 6541321 TI - Selective recording mandatory in determining conduction velocity in human muscle fibers. PMID- 6541323 TI - Lumbar puncture and CT in SAH. PMID- 6541322 TI - Paternal preponderance in familial Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6541324 TI - Myelin in the senile rat brain. Preliminary report. PMID- 6541325 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions in pediatrics capable of inducing pathology in the adult]. PMID- 6541326 TI - Neuronal histamine inhibits methamphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity in mice. AB - Whether central histaminergic (HAergic) neurons mediate the regulation of methamphetamine (MAMP)-induced hyperactivity was clarified. L-histidine (HIS; 500 and 1000 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the locomotor hyperactivity induced by MAMP (1 mg/kg i.p.) in mice, and the effect was significant only at 1000 mg/kg. HIS significantly elevated brain histamine (HA) levels, in both doses, whereas telemethylhistamine (t-MH) levels were elevated only at 1000 mg/kg. Pretreatment with alpha-fluoromethylhistidine, a histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, suppressed both behavioral and biochemical effects of HIS. Metoprine, a HA-N methyltransferase inhibitor, increased brain HA levels, decreased t-MH levels and suppressed the MAMP-induced locomotor hyperactivity. It is concluded that central HAergic systems may play an inhibitory role on the MAMP-induced locomotor hyperactivity. PMID- 6541327 TI - Hyperprolactinemia in women with paternal deprivation during childhood. AB - It was reported that most females with prolactinoma, idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, or euprolactinemic galactorrhea were reared either without their father or with an alcoholic, violent father. To gain further insight into this association, a group of sisters of patients with prolactinoma (generally exposed to the same environment as the patients') and a control group were studied. Women with paternal deprivation during childhood differed from the women who had normal childhoods in that they had: 1) higher mean serum prolactin concentration (14.7 versus 9.4 ng/mL; P less than .001); 2) higher incidence of hyperprolactinemia (12 of 50 versus three of 59; P less than .005); and 3) higher incidence of galactorrhea (14 of 50 versus seven of 59: P less than .03). These observations support the contention that paternal deprivation during childhood is associated, in a minority of women, with a predisposition to develop hyperprolactinemia and presumably, prolactinoma later in life. A hypothesis on the possible mechanisms of a casual relationship is presented. PMID- 6541328 TI - Fallopian tube carcinoma. AB - Seventy-one cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain, abnormal uterine bleeding, and vaginal discharge. The most common physical finding was a palpable abdominal or pelvic mass. The preoperative diagnosis was correct for two patients. Initial therapy consisted of surgery alone, surgery plus radiation therapy, surgery plus chemotherapy, and a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in 10, 32, 21, and eight cases, respectively. The median survival for patients in these treatment groups was 33, 22, 27, and 22 months, respectively; the median survival for all patients was 23 months. No statistically significant differences emerged among the survival curves of patients treated with each of the above regimens. PMID- 6541329 TI - Immunoglobulin concentrations in newborn infants associated with intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 6541330 TI - Evaluation of the ocular safety of verapamil. Scheimpflug photography with densitometric image analysis of lens transparency in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy subjected to long-term therapy with high doses of verapamil. AB - The ophthalmic examination of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy treated with high doses of verapamil over a considerable period of time showed no evidence of a side effect of the drug, thus proving its ocular safety. This could be verified by densitometric image analysis of Scheimpflug photographs of the eyes. The data were used for statistical tests on lens transparency. Changes in lens transparency, i.e. a probable drug-induced cataract were found in none of the patients. PMID- 6541331 TI - Prospective epidemiological investigation of secretory otitis media in children attending day-care centers. AB - Screening tympanometries were performed at 2-week intervals in 373 children (mean age 4 1/4 years) cared for in 10 day-care centers in order to evaluate the incidence of secretory otitis media (SOM). The incidence was found to depend on the age of the children and the maximum level was at the age of 1 (0.36/child/month); the mean incidence was 0.16/child/month. The highest incidence and the largest number of children with prolonged SOM were both found in the 1-year-olds. The overall morbidity of SOM in the 373 children was 56%. PMID- 6541332 TI - [Wide bladder neck anomaly in girls]. PMID- 6541333 TI - [Cure of idiopathic (immune) thrombocytopenia after thymectomy]. PMID- 6541334 TI - [A rare complication of infectious mononucleosis: thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6541335 TI - Evaluation of diseases associated with cardiac enlargement using principal component analysis of plain chest x-ray films. PMID- 6541336 TI - [CT evaluation of spleno-renal shunt; detection of patency in distal spleno-renal shunt]. PMID- 6541337 TI - [Laryngeal papilloma--10 years' therapeutic experience at the Warsaw Otolaryngological Clinic 1974-1983]. PMID- 6541338 TI - Hodgkin's disease presenting as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A case of Hodgkin's disease presenting as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a 23-year-old male is reported. This is a rare presentation of Hodgkin's disease having been previously described in only two cases. PMID- 6541339 TI - Ethanol-ascorbate interrelationship in acute and chronic alcoholism in the guinea pig. AB - The effects of low (200 ppm) and of high (2000 ppm) ascorbic acid, in a nutritionally adequate diet, on blood ethanol levels have been studied in permanently carotid-cannulated, ethanol-infused, unanesthetized guinea pigs. In the acute study, the postinfusion rate of ethanol decline in the blood of animals treated with ascorbic acid was significantly higher when compared with animals treated with fructose, and the rate in the two treated groups was significantly higher than in untreated controls. In the chronic study, animals were infused with sublethal doses of ethanol (30% of the total caloric intake) for 8 weeks. Blood ethanol levels monitored throughout this period showed, at 3 hr postinfusion, a lower concentration in the group on a high ascorbic acid diet. Both experimental groups receiving ethanol lost significantly more body weight in the second week of dieting; but, while the group on high ascorbic acid regained weight steadily thereafter, the group on low ascorbic acid was still 50 g below the controls at the end of the experiment. Liver, kidney, and adrenal ascorbic acid concentrations were lower in the ethanol-treated groups compared to controls. Examination of the liver revealed more fatty metamorphosis or steatosis in the low ascorbic acid group, but there was no evidence of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. These results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the guinea pig for the study of the biochemical and morphological sequelae of alcoholism. They further support the contention that a diet which is nutritionally adequate may no longer be so in the presence of high ethanol intake, and that supplemental vitamin C ingestion may afford protection against ethanol toxicity. PMID- 6541340 TI - A murine model for bladder cancer. AB - Growth characteristics, survival time, and various other parameters such as chromosome studies and DNA synthesis were evaluated in a transplantable transitional cell mouse bladder tumor induced by N-[4-5-nitro-2-furyl)-2 thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT). When the tumor was implanted subcutaneously, the mice were observed to survive mean 43 + 7 days (mean +/- SEM) with an average tumor burden of mean 8.45 +/- 0.60 gm (mean +/- SEM) of solid tumor tissue. In the tumor control animals, lung metastasis was noted in 3 animals at 42-49 days post implantation. The histological appearance of the primary tumor and the lung metastasis presented an undifferentiated anaplastic tumor with many spindle cells. The modal number of chromosome is 65 with several markers identifiable as abnormal in morphology. A significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in DNA synthesis was noted between 13 days and 20 days post implantation. In the evaluation of chemotherapy drugs, Cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-iso propylamine platinum IV (CHIP), Cis-diaminedichloroplatinum II (DDP), Cyclophosphamide (CTX) and Methotrexate (MTX) tumor growth was significantly retarded (p less than 0.005) in the DDP treated groups, however survival was not improved. Survival was significantly improved in the CTX treated group (p less than 0.001), although no significant decrease was noted in tumor growth. Lung metastasis was noted in all groups. This model has certain characteristics which make it a good model to study locally invasive bladder cancer. PMID- 6541341 TI - Effects of chronic administration of antidepressants on mouse-killing behavior (muricide) in olfactory bulbectomized rats. AB - Two forms of drug administration, i.e., systemic subcutaneous administration and microinjection into the medial amygdala were employed to examine the effect of chronic administration of psychotropic drugs on muricide in olfactory bulbectomized rats. Muricide inhibition induced by the systemic doses of chlorpromazine (CPZ) 10 mg/kg and diazepam 10 mg/kg was reduced with chronic administration, while that by desipramine (DMI) 10 mg/kg and amitriptyline 30 mg/kg was augmented with chronic administration. Muricide inhibition induced by microinjection of CPZ was also reduced, while that by DMI was augmented. These results indicate that muricide by olfactory bulbectomized rats is a useful animal model for evaluating antidepressants and that a potential site of action of antidepressants is located in the medial amygdala. PMID- 6541342 TI - Systematic comparison of apomorphine-induced behavioral changes in two mouse strains with inherited differences in brain dopamine receptors. AB - Dosage and time dependencies of apomorphine-induced changes in stereotyped behaviors (climbing, gnawing and sniffing), locomotor activity and rearing activity were compared in young adult male mice of two inbred strains, DBA/2 and C57BL/6. These two strains are known to differ in their genetically specified brain dopamine receptor number. Apomorphine administered intraperitoneally at dosages of 0.5-20 mg/kg failed to induced stereotyped climbing in DBA/2 at any of the doses tested but markedly increased climbing in C57BL/6 at higher dosages. Apomorphine-induced stereotyped gnawing occurred in both strains at higher dosages although the latency was shorter and maximal effect greater in C57BL/6. Stereotyped sniffing was induced in both strains to a comparable degree at doses greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/kg, and the duration of this stereotypy was indistinguishable between strains. Locomotor activity was inhibited maximally in DBA/2 at an apomorphine dosage of 2 mg/kg and was inhibited to a greater extent than was C57BL/6. Rearing was inhibited in both strains by doses of apomorphine greater than or equal to 0.5 mg/kg; however the duration of the effect was considerably greater in DBA/2 than in C57BL/6. These data suggest that genetically determined differences in central dopamine receptors may have profound and selective effects on behaviors mediated by dopamine pathways; that complex behavioral patterns, e.g., apomorphine-induced stereotypy, may be dissected in to individual components by identifying neuropharmaco genetic differences between strains; that marked strain-specific, inherited differences in dopamine agonist-induced behavioral changes do occur among inbred, non-mutant mouse strains and that their occurrence in other mammalian species including man should be considered. PMID- 6541343 TI - Anti-muricide mechanisms of chlorpromazine and imipramine in OB rats: adrenoceptors and hypothalamic functions. AB - Chlorpromazine (CPZ) microinjected into the posterior part of the lateral hypothalamus (p-LH) and the lateral preoptic area (1-POA) of OB rats shows anti muricide and cataleptogenic effects as well as a drowsy pattern in cortical EEG, while imipramine (IMP) injected into p-LH shows anti-muricide and cataleptogenic effects without change of cortical EEG. The present study examined the effects of drugs injected into p-LH and 1-POA on muricide, catalepsy and cortical and limbic EEG. CPZ (20, 50 micrograms) suppressed muricide and induced catalepsy and an EEG drowsy pattern in the two regions. The effects of CPZ in p-LH were similar to those of propranolol (PRO). In 1-POA, the anti-muricide effect of CPZ was similar to that of phenoxybenzamine, whereas the cataleptogenic and EEG effects were similar to those of PRO. IMP (10, 20 micrograms) in p-LH showed anti-muricide and cataleptogenic effects and induced a slight drowsy pattern in limbic EEG. The effects were similar to those of atropine. Lidocaine did not show any effects in the two regions. The cataleptogenic effects of CPZ and IMP did not appear related with the anti-muricide effects. The results suggest that the anti-muricide effect of CPZ in the hypothalamus depends on its adrenoceptor blockage, while that of IMP relates to its anticholinergic effect. In addition, beta-receptors in the hypothalamus appear related to the arousal system and dopaminergic functions. PMID- 6541345 TI - Disappearance of the decrease in biting behavior induced by clenbuterol, a beta adrenergic agonist, after chronic administration. AB - The beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol decreased interest in food in starved mice, 30 minutes after administration. This effect disappeared after repeated treatment with clenbuterol (0.25 mg/kg, twice daily). Three chronic injections were sufficient to prevent the effect of an acute dose of clenbuterol (0.125 mg/kg) up to 45 hours after treatment. PMID- 6541344 TI - Muscarinic and nicotinic effects on yawning and tongue protruding in the rat. AB - Physostigmine, an anticholinesterase agent, elicited yawning with a marked protrusion of the tongue and teeth chattering. Yawning and chattering were also observed after pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist predominantly acting upon muscarinic receptors. Apomorphine at low doses (0.1-0.5 mg/kg), which preferentially activates presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, elicited yawning, whereas at high doses (1-2 mg/kg) it produced stereotypy. Yawning induced by both cholinergic agonists and apomorphine was inhibited by scopolamine, a muscarinic receptor blocking agent, but not by methylscopolamine, a peripheral anticholinergic agent and mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor blocking agent. Low dose (0.02 mg/kg) of haloperidol, which has been reported to block presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, inhibited apomorphine-induced yawning but did not affect cholinergic agonist-induced yawning. Physostigmine-elicited tongue protruding was inhibited by mecamylamine. The results imply that yawning behavior is essentially associated with the stimulation of central muscarinic receptors, and that physostigmine also induces tongue protruding by activating the central nicotinic receptors. PMID- 6541346 TI - Lysis of egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes by singlet oxygen generated in the gas phase. PMID- 6541347 TI - Improved discrimination of normal and malignant tissue using 1H NMR relaxation time measurements at 2.18 MHz. AB - The 1H NMR spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), spin-spin relaxation time (T2), and spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1rho) were determined for Novikoff hepatoma, Walker-256 Carcinosarcoma, Sarcoma-180 and Ehrlich Ascites tumor as well as for 7 normal tissues in the rat at 2.18 MHz. T1 values yielded improved discrimination of normal and malignant tissue compared to previous results at higher frequencies. PMID- 6541348 TI - Conspecific urine marking in male-female pairs of laboratory rats. AB - Male-female pairs of rats were observed during social interactions for conspecific markings where an animal deposits urine on the body of a second animal. Injections of sodium fluorescein were used to change urinary color and provide a visible mark on the back of a conspecific. The general hypothesis tested in the three experiments was that a female would mark males differently dependent upon her hormonal status and upon the relative hormonal integrity of the males. Results of Experiment 1 were that males marked females more frequently than vice versa and female marking decreased during her estrus. Moreover, a diestrous female marked an aggressive male more than she marked a non-aggressive male (Experiment 2), and a diestrous female marked a castrated male receiving 800 micrograms testosterone propionate (TP) injections more copiously than she marked a castrated male receiving 200 micrograms TP injections (Experiment 3). Finally, aggressive and non-aggressive males marked females similarly, though the 800 micrograms TP males marked females more than the 200 micrograms TP males. These data were compared with findings from research on environmental marking in rodents, and an hypothesis was suggested that female rats use conspecific marking to identify and select males with preferred behavioral and endocrine characteristics. PMID- 6541349 TI - An empirical study of the structure of the patrol/marking motivational system in the rat. AB - The existence and structure of an hypothesized motivational system of patrol/marking was supported and elucidated by a behavioral study on untrained highly inbred laboratory rats. One rat (the "runner") was placed into a test chamber containing a wire-mesh running wheel flanked by two chambers, one of which contained another rat (the "target"). Four conditions of runners (socially isolated males, socially-housed males, non-estrous females, and estrous females) were exposed to four types of targets (socially-housed males, non-estrous females, estrous females, and blank targets consisting of any empty target chamber). Also placed in the chamber was a Petri dish containing scent-markings of the target rat. The experiment was designed in a counterbalanced way with 10 replications and repeated two times in two separate years. As predicted from the hypothesis, scent-marking, sniffing the dish, locomotion (number of wheel revolutions), and approach (differential running towards the target) were all correlated with each other and varied in the same way as a function of the hormonal and experiential condition of the runner and the type of target. They were interpreted to reflect motor patterns of a single unitary patrol/marking motivational system. Grooming, on the other hand, did not correlate with the other behaviors and facial gland secretion was, therefore, rejected as a motor pattern of patrol/marking. PMID- 6541350 TI - The corticomedial amygdala and learning in an agonistic situation in the rat. AB - Social agonistic behaviour of intact male rats is strongly reduced by the experience of defeat by a dominant male conspecific. Small electrolytic lesions in the corticomedial amygdala strongly affected this behavioural change due to defeat. No effects of the lesions were observed before and during the defeat. Some learning is still possible in corticomedial amygdala lesioned animals. A comparison of the effects of lesions made before the defeat with lesions made after the defeat revealed that the lesions primarily produce a retention deficit in social learning. PMID- 6541351 TI - Social complexity and hormonal influences on sexual behavior in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Rhesus females in multi-animal groups mate only during the mid-follicular and periovulatory portions of their ovarian cycle, whereas females in pair-tests often mate at all cycle phases. We investigated the influence of social context on hormonal mediation of rhesus sexual behavior by observing the same males and females in both pair-tests and in single male/multi-female group-tests. Five intact adult female rhesus were tested with each of four males during their follicular, periovulatory, and luteal cycle phases as verified by steroid radioimmunoassay. Male initiated behaviors of approach, hiptouch, mount, and ejaculation were significantly above luteal levels during periovulatory group tests, with periovulatory approach and hiptouch frequencies also significantly above follicular levels. Approach did not vary with the female's cycle phase in pair-tests and both follicular and periovulatory frequencies of hiptouch, mount, and ejaculation were higher than luteal levels. Pair-test frequencies were greater than group-test frequencies at all cycle phases, except for male approach, where the difference depended upon female cycle phase. When group tested, females approached the male, presented, and handslapped most frequently during periovulatory tests. In pair-tests, females approached and handslapped equally during follicular and periovulatory tests and lower luteally, but presents did not vary cyclically. Females approached males significantly more frequently during pair- than group-tests, but there were no consistent differences between the two social conditions for present and handslap. In group tests, periovulatory females were approached and threatened by other group females significantly more often that they were at other cycle phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541352 TI - The effect of olfactory bulb lesions on agonistic, locomotory and social behavior in mice housed in aggregate. AB - Eleven Dublin ICR mice sustaining nearly complete bilateral aspiration lesions of the olfactory bulbs were compared to 16 sham-operated mice on the frequency of agonistic, locomotory, social, and maintenance behaviors. The animals were housed in aggregate with two cages of bulbectomized mice and two cages of shams. A time sampling technique was used to quantify the frequency of the various behaviors three times per week during one preoperative and four postoperative weeks. During the first two postoperative weeks the bulbectomized mice were observed to make frequent single bites of the head incision and tail of mice passing directly in front of them, with the bites resulting in mild to severe lesions. Following surgery, the bulbectomized mice also showed a temporary increase in locomotory responses and permanent suppression of social responses. PMID- 6541353 TI - Pharmacological influence of nutmeg and nutmeg constituents on rabbit platelet function. PMID- 6541354 TI - [Intelligence and school success in 16-year-old risk children and in a control group]. AB - Report about part--results of a longterm follow-up--study with 123 sixteenged risk--children, which were treated with an exchange transfusion because of hemolytic disease in newborn age. The control group was paralleled to social- demographic criteria. Before all biological and social factors of influence the parental education and qualification level was the most influential social determinant on the development of intelligence and school-achievement. 33,3% of the risk group and 15,5% of the control group did not reach the 10th form of the polytechnical school according to their age. PMID- 6541356 TI - Serotonin levels and turnover in different brain areas of isolated aggressive or non-aggressive strains of mice. AB - After eight weeks of individual housing DBA/2 but not C57 B1/6 (C57) mice showed high levels of aggressive responses in comparison with grouped mice. Social isolation did not modify serotonin (5-HT) levels in either strain of mice, while it produced a decrease of turnover rate in amygdala, lateral hypothalamus and pons in C57 mice and in lateral hypothalamus and pons of DBA mice. When isolated mice of both C57 and DBA strains are compared, no differences in turnover rate in amygdala and pons are evident, while isolated DBA mice show significant lower turnover values in lateral hypothalamus in comparison with isolated C57 mice. A possible suggestion emerging from our results is that aggressive responses exhibited by isolated DBA mice but not by isolated C57 mice may be related to lower 5-HT turnover rate in lateral hypothalamus. PMID- 6541355 TI - Cerebral magnetic resonance: comparison of high and low field strength imaging. AB - Low field strength (0.12 Tesla resistive) and high field strength (1.0, 1.4, or 1.5 Tesla superconductive) magnetic resonance imagers were compared for their ability to detect central nervous system lesions. Sixteen adult patients with known lesions and three normal volunteers were studied. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography was used as the standard. The data demonstrate that imaging at high magnetic field strength is superior to low field strength imaging for the detection and delineation of lesions. This finding can be explained by the superior signal-to-noise ratio achievable at the higher magnetic field strengths. High field MR imaging was also found to outperform CT in demonstrating anatomic details and relationships. It is predicted that the use of low saturation (e.g., long TR spin echo technique) will make the gain in contrast-to-noise ratio even more significant. PMID- 6541357 TI - Psychopharmacological profile of diphenylhydantoin in mice. AB - The pharmacological profile of diphenylhydantoin has some common features with that of classical antidepressants: it decreases motor activity in mice it shortens the period of immobility of mice in the "behavioral despair" test it antagonizes palpebral ptosis induced by reserpine in mice. PMID- 6541358 TI - Dose-related influence of arginine-vasopressin on a passive avoidance behavior: effect of rearing conditions. AB - The present experiment was conducted in order to determine what effects administration of arginine-vasopressine (AVP) would have on post weaned male rats, reared for 44 days either in relative social isolation or in group and tested in a cross-through passive avoidance task. AVP (0.0; 0.1 and 1.0 micrograms/rat) was injected subcutaneously immediately after the application of the electric footshock (0.3 mA for 2 sec). The individual post-weaning housing significantly impaired the passive avoidance performance in rats treated with saline (0.0 micrograms) and in rats treated with 1.0 micrograms AVP. No difference, however, was observed between isolated and group-reared rats injected with 0.1 micrograms AVP. It was concluded that AVP acts upon the passive avoidance performance by changing the animal's state of arousal in a non monotonic dose-dependent manner. PMID- 6541359 TI - Preliminary report of a new rodent separation model of depression. AB - Phodopus sungorus, the Siberian dwarf hamster, exhibits an unusual set of behavioral changes when the members of a male-female pair bond are separated. Quantification of these behaviors reveals a significant increase in body weight, decrease in social interactions, and decrease in exploratory behaviors, predominantly in separated males. Preliminary data on antidepressant treatments to reverse the separation syndrome, and on neurochemical changes during the separation period, are presented. Separation of pair-bonded Siberian dwarf hamsters may provide a new animal model for depression, incorporating the practical advantages of a rodent model with the conceptual advantages of a naturalistic life event precipitant. PMID- 6541360 TI - Luteolytic potency in a novel prostaglandin analogue. AB - Estrus induction in cycling sows with exogenous prostaglandin is hindered by the extended refractory period and resistance of swine to the luteolytic action of PG's. The luteolytic potency of a novel PGF2 alpha analogue, Schering ZK 71677, was assessed at four different dosages in chronically cannulated cycling swine. Dosages totalling 1, 1.5, 3 and 10 mg of ZK 71677 were split into two injections given intramuscularly on day 13 of the estrous cycle. Onset of behavioural estrus and serum levels of progesterone and PGF metabolite were monitored. The three lowest doses did not advance estrus but did cause a transitory decline in serum progesterone concentration on day 13. The 10 mg level advanced estrus in three of four sows although the overall mean cycle length did not differ from pretreatment cycles (18.5 +/- 1.3 vs 21.3 +/- 0.6 days). Progesterone values dropped steadily in all four sows in the 10 mg treatment group. No level of ZK 71677 affected serum levels of PGF metabolite. The highest level tested of PGF2 alpha analogue ZK 71677 elicited an uninterrupted decline in serum progesterone concentrations but was inconsistent in its ability to promote early onset of behavioural estrus in swine. PMID- 6541361 TI - Effects of fornix transection upon associative memory in monkeys: role of the hippocampus in learned action. PMID- 6541362 TI - Reversal learning by fornix-transected monkeys. PMID- 6541363 TI - Sperm transport into the oviducts of heifers mated early in oestrus. AB - An estimate has been made of the time required for a population of spermatozoa capable of fertilizing the egg to be established in the oviducts of heifers mated early in oestrus. During a general or local anaesthetic, the caudal isthmus of the oviduct was ligated and sectioned 6, 8, 10 or 12 hr after mating. The proportion of eggs fertilized as judged 2-4 days later was very low if ligation was carried out after 6 hr (1 of 11) and only approached normal levels of 85% or more following ligation at 12 hr (7 of 10). These results suggest that the population of spermatozoa capable of fertilisation is established in the oviduct over a period of not less than 6 hours and probably more than 12 hr. These results contrast with reports of rapid transport of spermatozoa to the oviduct in a period of minutes. PMID- 6541364 TI - Sleep-related electrodermal activity patterns in impotent patients. AB - The etiology of erectile failure is not always clear despite the fact that recordings of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) are used to detect patients with a significant organic component to their complaint. We recorded electrodermal activity in addition to NPT in 60 impotent patients. Normally more electrodermal activity occurs in stage 2 than in stage REM sleep. Despite a similar total amount of electrodermal activity, organically impotent patients tended to have less electrodermal activity in stage 2 and more in stage REM sleep than those with normal NPT. This difference was due to a subgroup of 15 organically impotent patients with less electrodermal activity in stage 2 than in stage REM sleep. Because of this difference in the pattern of electrodermal activity in relation to sleep stages, the results suggest a central nervous system change is related to impaired erectile capability and abnormal NPT in these cases. PMID- 6541365 TI - [Detection of saponins in soy bean products used in the food-processing industry]. PMID- 6541366 TI - [Biochemical evaluation of magnesium metabolism in infants and children. II. Magnesium level in 24-hour urine and hair]. PMID- 6541367 TI - Determination of tissue plasminogen activator in plasma samples by means of a radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid phase double antibody radioimmunoassay for measuring tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in human plasma is described using purified human melanoma cell t-PA and specific goat anti-t-PA IgG. The concentration of t-PA antigen in citrated human plasma sampled at rest was 4.4 +/- 1.3 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) for healthy individuals (n = 20). After 10 min of venous occlusion the level of t PA antigen was increased to 13.9 +/- 6.2 micrograms/l. The accuracy was monitored by recovery experiments using plasma from nine healthy individuals and nine patients to which was added low (5 micrograms/l) and high (25 micrograms/l) levels of purified t-PA. The detection limit of the method was estimated as 0.08 micrograms/l. An excellent correlation was found on comparing the t-PA antigen increase with the t-PA activity increase obtained during venous occlusion. In plasma collected prior to venous stasis, the total concentration of detectable t PA antigen is found mainly in an inactive form. In contrast the t-PA antigen released upon venous occlusion seems to be largely in an active form. PMID- 6541368 TI - The potential role of photoelectron microscopy in the analysis of biological surfaces. AB - The photoelectric effect provides the basis for an imaging technique useful for the study of biological surfaces. The photoelectron microscope (PEM) employs a UV lamp to photoeject electrons from the specimen surface. The electrons are then accelerated and imaged using electron optics. Photoelectron micrographs often resemble scanning electron micrographs, but the origin of contrast is different and these two techniques are complementary. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is unsurpassed in applications where specimens have pronounced relief or where elemental analysis is required. The advantages of PEM are a new origin of contrast, high sensitivity to fine topographical detail, short depth of information, and low specimen conductivity requirements. Photoelectron images of model systems, cell surfaces and cytoskeletal elements have been obtained. PMID- 6541369 TI - Development of surface polarity in mouse eggs. AB - Investigations were carried out to determine what effects components of the cytoskeletal system and meiotic spindle have on the development and maintenance of surface polarity in mouse ova. The surface of the mature egg possessed numerous microvilli except for a region (microvillus-free area) adjacent to the meiotic spindle. In contrast, the surface of the immature oocyte was covered uniformly with a dense population of microvilli. When cultured in vitro immature oocytes spontaneously underwent maturation; a meiotic spindle formed in the center of the ovum which then moved to the cortex. Coincident with the cortical localization of the meiotic spindle was the formation of a microvillus-free area and subjacent layer of microfilaments. A microvillus-free area did not form when meiotic maturation was inhibited with dibutyryl cyclic AMP or chloroquine. If immature oocytes were incubated in cytochalasin B a meiotic spindle developed, but it did not become localized to the egg cortex and a microvillus-free area failed to form. Oocytes incubated in colchicine underwent germinal vesicle breakdown and chromosome condensation, a meiotic spindle did not form but the chromosomes became localized to the ovum cortex where a microvillus-free area developed. These results and observations of mature ova treated with cytochalasin B or colchicine indicate that mechanisms involving the movement of the meiotic spindle to the oocyte cortex and development and maintenance of surface polarity are cytochalasin B sensitive. Cortical localization of meiotic chromosomes brings about the formation of a microvillus-free area. PMID- 6541370 TI - The catch mechanism of molluscan smooth muscles. AB - We have examined the arrangements of the thick and thin filaments of the smooth muscle of the adductor of the bivalve Cristaria plicata, Leach, in the catch state induced by acetylcholine, both in ultrathin sections and in separate filaments. The thick filaments are heavily bent and entangled and the thin filaments irregularly arranged. One thin filament may be attached to several thick filaments. When the muscle is in the relaxed state, the two kinds of filaments are seen to be in parallel. However, no difference could be observed in the periodic structure of the paramyosin core of the thick filaments in the relaxed state or in catch. Both cross-striated and checkerboard types coexist. It seems that phase transition is not directly related to catch. We propose that the disordered arrangements of the thick and thin filaments and the formation of three-dimensional anastomosed networks are the structural basis for catch, with a consequent loss of the capability of directional sliding of the filaments and requiring time to restore orderliness. PMID- 6541371 TI - Identification of benzo[a]pyrene quinone in soybean leaves. AB - Soybean seeds (Glycine max) were grown in soil containing 10 ppm of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). After 76 days growth, three kinds of quinones, namely BaP 1,6-, 3,6- and 6,12-quinones, were isolated and identified. However, the formative mechanism of the quinones in leaves has yet to be determined. PMID- 6541372 TI - Is it anxiety or depression? AB - Physicians are often confronted with the problem of differentiating between depression and anxiety. In accumulated data on 500 patients with subsequent diagnosis and successful treatment of primary depression, only a few had had a tentative diagnosis of depression rather than anxiety. Failure to differentiate between depression and anxiety results in inappropriate and ineffective treatment. PMID- 6541373 TI - Sudden death of a champion athlete. Autopsy findings. AB - We report the autopsy findings after the sudden death of a champion swimmer. The athlete was asymptomatic and had only recently retired from a sport in which he had been the South African captain for 4 years and the national record holder in the 400 m medley event. He died suddenly shortly after returning from a 5 km run. At autopsy there was histological evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6541374 TI - A sensitive assay for tissue plasminogen activator activity in plasma, using adsorption on lysine-sepharose. AB - Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in plasma was separated from inhibitors by adsorption on lysine-Sepharose. It was then determined indirectly by measuring the plasmin generated from plasminogen with poly-lysine as stimulator, in a chromogenic, parabolic rate assay. The reaction proceeded with tissue plasminogen activator and plasmin(ogen) adsorbed on the gel, and followed the kinetics described for similar parabolic rate assays in soluble systems. The assay was standardized against melanoma plasminogen activator (m-PA) and had the sensitivity range of 0.001-0.020 IU (4-80 pg). Anti-m-PA IgG quenched the activity generated in plasma on venous occlusion and part of the activity in pre occlusion plasma. The method was sensitive to purified urokinase. The basic plasma values in resting normal individuals were: mean 0.08, range 0.01-0.26 X 10(3) IU/l (n = 19), and after 20 min of venous occlusion: mean 2.48, range 0.24 4.34 X 10(3) IU/l (n = 10). The assay correlates well with a fibrin plate method, r = 0.96. PMID- 6541375 TI - [Metranidazole and breast feeding. Should a mother breast-feed her child while under metranidazole therapy for puerperal infections?]. PMID- 6541376 TI - [Normo- and pathocyclia in the female dog. Diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6541377 TI - Age differences in cisplatinum nephrotoxicity. AB - Male and female Wistar rats (5-105-day-old) were administered 3 different doses of cisplatinum (CP) (0.15, 0.3 or 0.6 mg/100 g body wt, intraperitoneally) After 3 days the renal excretory functions were investigated. There were no sex differences in nephrotoxicity. In rats of all age groups a dose dependent decrease in body weight appeared. In 5- and 33-105-day-old rats the 2 lower doses did not or only mildly influence renal function. 0.6 mg CP/100 g body wt in these age groups lead to a significant reduction in urine volume. The excretion of osmotically active substances and p-aminohippurate were reduced. There is a statistically significant proteinuria. In 10- and 15-day-old rats the 2 lower doses were without any pathologic consequences, but 0.6 mg CP/100 g body wt was followed by a significant increase in the protein excretion of 15-day-old rats. Consequently, regarding the parameters measured 10-15-day-old rats seemed to be less susceptible to CP-nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6541378 TI - [Changes in the ethanol concentration in the organs of carcasses buried in the summer]. PMID- 6541379 TI - The stage-, strain- and species-specificity of a Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen fraction (CEF6) with serodiagnostic potential. AB - The immunological properties of CEF6, a cationic fraction of Schistosoma mansoni egg homogenate (SEA) containing two antigens, omega 1 and alpha 1, have been further investigated in two assays, immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). Although precipitating antibodies to antigen omega 1 were amongst the first to appear in mice with patient infections, IgG reactivity against CEF6 in ELISA trailed somewhat behind that of IgG activity against unfractionated SEA. Specificity of the two antigens in CEF6 to the egg stage of the parasite life-cycle was demonstrated by the failure of immunizations with cercarial or worm antigens to induce antibodies which reacted against either alpha 1 or omega 1 in IEP, or against CEF6 in ELISA. Mice infected with S. mansoni strains derived from geographically distinct areas, including the Caribbean, South America and Africa, produced antibodies which were reactive against CEF6 prepared from eggs of a Puerto Rican S. mansoni strain that had been maintained in the laboratory for many years. Of the different precipitating anti SEA antibody species induced by the various S. mansoni strains in mice, those reactive against antigen omega 1 appeared to be present in highest titre. Sera from mice chronically infected with S. japonicum and S. haematobium failed to precipitate CEF6 in IEP and were less reactive with CEF6 than with S. mansoni SEA in ELISA. However, similar degrees of ELISA reactivity against S. mansoni CEF6 and SEA were given by sera from mice infected with S. bovis. The results support the notion that the antigens in CEF6 may be useful in the serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni infections. PMID- 6541380 TI - Immune response in a symptomatic case of Tetrapetalonema perstans infection. AB - The immune response in a 49-year-old Italian nun affected by Tetrapetalomena (Dipetalonema) perstans following an eight-year stay in Cameroon is reported. On admission the patient presented with polyarthralgia, conjunctival pruritus and irritation, oedema of the limbs, generalized itching, hypereosinophilia and low total IgE titre. During diethylcarbamazine treatment and, subsequently, during mebendazole administration, an exacerbation of her symptoms was observed. At the same time, activation of the alternative complement pathway and the appearance of circulating immune complexes were noted, suggesting a type III hypersensitivity reaction. Circulating immune complexes and diethylcarbamazine-induced release of parasitic antigens may also be considered responsible for the decrease of OKT3 and OKT4 positive lymphocytes. PMID- 6541381 TI - Misleading direct antiglobulin test and phenotype in newborn patients following intrauterine transfusion. PMID- 6541383 TI - [Capillary hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum and Von Hippel-Lindau disease]. PMID- 6541382 TI - Performance of Canadian Holstein-Friesian cattle in the humid forest zone of Ghana. I. Milk production. AB - One hundred and three calving records of 35 Canadian Holstein-Friesian cattle introduced in 1974 into Ashanti constituted the data for this study. Age, year, lactation number, season and age X season effects on 305-day yield, lactation length and components of the lactation curve were estimated from 84 complete lactation records. Analysis of variance by General Linear Models Procedure showed significant effect of age and year on all traits studied. Age, year, lactation number, season, concentrate fed and season X age accounted for 61.1, 64.6, 66.9, 68.5 and 38.1% of the variation in 305-day yield, 300-day yield, monthly peak yield, persistency index and lactation length respectively. Age and year significantly affected all traits except lactation length. Lactation number only significantly affected 305-day yield of the traits studied. Season was not an important factor affecting any of the traits. The productive life span of the animals was up to five calvings (eight years). The mean life time milk production was 16,186 kg. Unadjusted means of the 103 records were: 305-day yield 3,878 +/- 93.7 kg; actual 305-yield 4,451 +/- 102.7 kg; total yield 4,225 +/- 160.6 kg; lactation length 332 +/- 14.5 days; days dry 96 +/- 5.9 and total yield per day of calving interval 10.6 +/- 0.33 kg. Performance of Holsteins in Ashanti was better than in most tropical areas. PMID- 6541384 TI - [Intrauterine devices: current status in Canada]. PMID- 6541385 TI - [Perinatal mortality in Quebec from 1967 to 1980]. PMID- 6541386 TI - [Initial chemotherapy of advanced cancer of the ovary. Comparison of the results obtained using the combination of adriamycin and cisplatin and the earlier therapeutic modalities]. PMID- 6541387 TI - Urethral sphincteric insufficiency in postmenopausal females: treatment with phenylpropanolamine and estriol separately and in combination. A urodynamic and clinical evaluation. AB - A randomized open comparative cross-over trial was carried out in 20 postmenopausal women, mean age 69 years, suffering from urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincteric insufficiency. They were treated with phenylpropanolamine (PPA) 50 mg p.o. twice daily or estriol vaginal suppositories 1 mg daily separately and in combination for periods of 4 weeks. Urodynamic investigations were carried out before and after each period of treatment. Both PPA and estriol increased the maximal urethral closure pressure and the continence area significantly compared to the initial values, but combined treatment was substantially more effective. The functional urethral length increased significantly while on estriol. No significant change was registered in the bladder pressure or in the pressure transmission ratio. PPA was clinically more effective than estriol, but not sufficient to obtain complete continence. With combined treatment 8 patients became completely continent, 9 were considerably improved and only 1 patient remained unchanged. 2 patients dropped out of the study because of side effects. Combined treatment with PPA and estriol represents a recommendable treatment to postmenopausal women with urinary incontinence due to urethral sphincteric insufficiency. PMID- 6541388 TI - Acute renal failure following intraperitoneal injection of cis diamminedichloroplatinum. AB - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP) has been used intravenously as a good anticancer agent despite its nephrotoxicity, but local administration may also cause nephrotoxic side effects. We used intraperitoneal injection of cis-DDP into male Wistar rats as a model of the long-term effect of local administration of cis-DDP. 20 rats were injected (1.5 mg/kg) every 2 days for a period of 5 weeks and compared to a control group of 5 rats that did not receive injection. In the control group, body weight increased gradually to 338.3 +/- 25.1 g by the end of week 5. In contrast, the experimental group's body weight decreased continually to 179.5 +/- 23.6 from an average initial weight of 218.0 +/- 4.0 g. While the control group had steady values, the experimental rats showed sharp increases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, potassium and sodium, but a decrease in hematocrit. On histological examination at autopsy, edema and necrosis of the renal tubules were evident. Intraperitoneal injection of cis-DDP in rats causes nephrotoxic side effects similar to the effects caused by intravenous injection. PMID- 6541389 TI - Endoscopic vesicourethropexy. Experience and complications. AB - Thirty-one patients with stress urinary incontinence were treated with the optical vesicourethropexy. Of these patients, 70.9 per cent had previous pelvic or vaginal operations, of which 59 per cent also had failed stress incontinence procedures. In 90 per cent of the cases, cure or improvement was obtained. However, the procedure is not free of complications (38%). Aside from the problems reported by others, vaginal bleeding or discomfort due to erosion of the mucosa by the Dacron pledget was observed. We also had a case complicated by an obstruction of the small bowel secondary to fixation of a jejunal loop to the retropubic area. We believe that excellent results may be obtained with this technique in patients with previous pelvic surgery or concomitant medical problems. Remarks in the evaluation of these patients and technical aspects of the procedure are presented. PMID- 6541390 TI - Torulopsis glabrata fungal cystitis. AB - The finding of Torulopsis glabrata fungal cystitis has become increasingly evident. The presence of indwelling urinary catheters, diabetes mellitus, and prior antibiotic therapy are significant risk factors in its development. Three cases are presented exemplifying the presentation of this disease. A discussion of its diagnosis and a protocol for its management are outlined. PMID- 6541391 TI - Use of pacifier in female urethral evaluation. PMID- 6541392 TI - Acquired immunity to Eimeria tenella in lasalocid-treated chickens. AB - The effect of restricted medication with lasalocid sodium on the development of acquired immunity against Eimeria tenella was evaluated. The medication was allowed for all or part of 6-day test period (one day before until 4 days after infection). The parameters used for such evaluations were lesion score, caecal, bursal and splenic weights. The optimum treatment time for the drug was clearly indicated by lesion score which was very low when the medication was initiated 1 day before until 1 day after inoculation, but only partly effective if given on Day 2 post-inoculation. The challenge with higher doses on 14th day of immunizing infection revealed a reverse picture where the higher lesions were recorded by the groups where medication was started earlier than the delayed treatment groups. This indicates partial interference with the development of immunity in the earlier treatment groups. Birds treated on Day 4 p.i. were not significantly different (P less than 0.05) from the infected unmedicated control group, suggesting no interference in acquired immunity. A correlation was noticed between day of treatment, the lesion score and weight gain of the caecum as well as the spleen. After both immunizing and challenge infections, the bursa did not show any significant variation in weight, whereas the weight of the spleen did vary. The infected unmedicated group and the delayed-treatment groups had a comparatively higher splenic weight than the uninfected unmedicated group of birds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541393 TI - Histopathology of the duodenum and rumen of goats during experimental infections with Paramphistomum cervi. AB - On microscopic examination after experimental infection with Paramphistomum cervi, tissue reactions in the duodenum were more pronounced during early stages of the infection (20th day post-infection (DPI)). Immature parasites were seen migrating to the muscularis layer, and focal infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes was observed in the lamina propria and in the interstitial tissue of Brunner's gland. At places, there was cystic dilatation of Brunner's gland. At 40 DPI, the parasite was not present in the duodenal sections, and cellular infiltration was more diffuse and consistent. With the passage of time, the tissue reactions and cellular infiltration in the duodenum became less pronounced, but at 80 days parasites were attached to the villi of the rumen. Infiltration of mononuclear cells in the supporting connective tissue of the rumen was also observed. Thus, it is concluded that the immature forms of Paramphistomum cervi caused more severe damage in the duodenal tissue, whereas the adult form inflicted mild tissue damage in the rumen of the experimental kids. PMID- 6541394 TI - Seasonal changes in the abomasal nematodes of naturally infected ewes in Moulay Bouazza (Morocco). AB - The nematode populations of 93 abomasa of ewes from Middle-Atlas (Morocco) were studied over a period of 3 years. The main species present were Ostertagia circumcincta, Marshallagia marshalli, Trichostrongylus axei and T. vitrinus; less frequent species were O. ostertagi and O. trifurcata. Two peaks of infection were recorded, 1 at the end of winter or the beginning of spring (February--March), and another in autumn (September). The first population peak consisted mostly of O. circumcincta and T. axei, and the second population peak, in autumn, had a high prevalence of M. marshalli and T. vitrinus. PMID- 6541395 TI - Development of Hyalomma lusitanicum under laboratory conditions. AB - At the constant temperature of 25 degrees C and relative humidity (RH) of 84%, the average pre-oviposition period of Hyalomma lusitanicum was 47 days, the oviposition lasted an average of 26 days and the total egg production was an average of 6320 per female. At 16 degrees C the females did not lay eggs at all, but those which survived for 1 year and were transferred thereafter to 25 degrees C and 84% RH laid viable eggs. At 35 degrees C, the oviposition was identical at all levels of RH tested (25, 62 and 93%). At 25 degrees C, the pre-oviposition period was shorter at 93% RH, and the number of eggs laid was fewer at 25% RH. The eggs hatched in 32-40 days, the hatching percentage being lower in batches of eggs laid at the beginning and at the end of the oviposition period. The larval and nymphal moultings were not influenced by the type of host. As the temperature increased, the pre-moult period became shorter. The engorged larvae were more sensitive to the low RH than the engorged nymphs, whose moulting percentage was always greater than 72 in all regimes. Low temperature and high humidity had a favourable effect on the survival of unfed nymphs. The female-to-male ratio was 1:2. Hyalomma lusitanicum always behaved as a 3-host tick. The adults did not engorge on rabbits. The female ticks engorged on calves weighed an average 543 mg. Ticks maintained at 25 degrees C and 84% RH and engorged on calves completed the life cycle in 138-196 days, which does not include the period of chitinization of about 30 days. More than half of this period was spent in egg laying and hatching. PMID- 6541396 TI - Cutaneous responses of cattle to extracts from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae. AB - A component of an extract from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larval ticks induced an immediate hypersensitivity reaction in sensitized cattle when intra-dermally inoculated. Generally, the magnitude of the cutaneous reaction depended upon the duration of exposure of the cattle to tick infestation. The skin reaction was absent in steers not previously fed on by ticks. Field trials, using the extract in the Narok District of Kenya (Masailand), showed that the skin swelling thus induced was biggest in adult cattle and those over 9 months, moderate in the 6 month age-group and barely palpable in the less-than-1-month age-group. PMID- 6541397 TI - Toxicity of avocado (Persea americana (Guatamalan var)) leaves: review and preliminary report. PMID- 6541398 TI - [Experimental study of various aspects of immunogenic and allergic properties of soy bean proteins]. AB - Some aspects of the immune response were studied in experimental animals fed a soybean protein isolate. The relationship was discovered between the time-course of the humoral immune response and the protein dosage and feeding duration. Soybean protein feeding resulted in guinea-pig sensitization to soybean proteins. PMID- 6541400 TI - Global distribution of schistosomiasis: CEGET/WHO atlas. PMID- 6541399 TI - Interaction of dopamine agonists with disrupted mesolimbic pathways implications for mental health. PMID- 6541401 TI - [Disorders of the fetal oxygen supply during labor--retrospect and prospect of diagnostic possibilities]. AB - Uterine blood flow decreases during uterine contractions. Under physiological conditions there is however an uterine hemodynamic buffer mechanism to guarantee a sufficient oxygen supply to the fetus even during uterine contractions. Heart rate decelerations occur therefore not during the period of cervical dilation but in the second stage of labor. In disorders of pregnancy uterine blood flow is primarily reduced and the slightest uterine contraction exhibits signs of fetal hypoxia, i.e. deceleration of fetal heart rate. Heart rate decelerations signify the possibility of the deterioration of the fetal acid base status. But the degree of fetal acidosis can be estimated only by fetal scalp blood sampling. A valuable tool to predict fetal hazard is to measure the transcutaneous PO2. Numerous hypoxic episodes decrease not only the arterial PO2 but also the skin blood flow which demonstrates a reduced peripheral circulation. This, however, is an indication of severe fetal stress in utero. PMID- 6541402 TI - [Determination of gestational age using crown-rump length and the biparietal diameter in the 1st half of pregnancy--comparison of 2 methods]. AB - In the first half of pregnancy ultrasound investigations was made on women with known gestational age by regular menstruation or conception. In 221 cases of single pregnancies fetal crownrump length was measured. Biparietal cephalometry was performed in 198 single fetuses. All examinations were done with a Kranzbuhler Linearscanner using an ADR 3.5 MHZ transducer. Growth curves and the velocity of growth from biparietal diameter and from crown-rump length were determined and compared. The accuracy of the estimation of gestational age was observed to be +/- 10 days (2 SD) with both methods. A difference in accuracy could not be found. Even if the first half of pregnancy was separated in an early and a late part there wasn't any improvement of accuracy. PMID- 6541403 TI - [Management of twin pregnancies currently--a prospective study]. AB - On the basis of our own earlier studies, the progress of 80 twin pregnancies is followed in a prospective investigation. Early diagnosis makes possible numerous measures for prevention of premature birth--the central problem of twin pregnancies. A cerclage was carried out in 51 cases (63.75%). Tocolytics were administered only in demonstrated uterine contractions. 54 women with a twin pregnancy (= 67.5%) reached the 37th week of pregnancy. A surgical termination of labor was necessary in 51.9% of twin pregnancies, and the frequency of cesarian section was 33.75%. Only 17.5% of the twins were under the critical weight limit of 2000 g. The perinatal mortality is 3.75%. Five out of the six babies who died weighed less than 2000 g. Finally, the individual points of our intensive care program for twin pregnancies are discussed in detail taking the recent literature into consideration. PMID- 6541404 TI - [Accessory adrenal cortex tissue in the placenta]. AB - The first Description of heterotopie adrenocortical tissue within a placenta was made by Cox and Chavrier in 1980. By means of an orther case report we try to determine the period when corpora interrenalia accessoria are layed down in embryonic life. PMID- 6541406 TI - [Giant aneurysms of the intracranial arteries in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6541405 TI - [Risk of stress-induced ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - 200 exercise tests in 106 patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 45 exercise tests in 30 patients with hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM), primarily performed to assess the hemodynamic impairment during stepwise increased maximal exercise, were analysed with respect to incidence and severeness of ventricular arrhythmias by evaluating the continuously recorded ECG. The exercise tests were subdivided in 4 phases: 1. introduction of a Swan-Ganz pulmonary wedge catheter; 2. resting phase until constant hemodynamic basal values were reached; duration 5 to 51, mean 18 +/- 8 min; 3. exercise phase; bicycle ergometer exercise in supine position; increase in work load by steps of 25 Watts to the maximum which was defined by onset of angina pectoris, dyspnea or exhaustion; total duration 6 to 41, mean 18 +/- 6 min; 4. resting phase after exercise, duration 1 to 30, mean 5 +/- 3 min. Ventricular arrhythmias were classified in a modified Lown classification: 1. no ventricular ectopic beats (VEB); 2. single VEB, less than 0.5/min; 3. single VEB, more than 0.5/min; 4. ventricular pairs; 5. ventricular salvos or tachycardias (3 or more QRS complexes). In the total series of 200 exercise tests in patients with HOCM, the highest incidence of ventricular arrhythmias was found during insertion of the pulmonary wedge catheter, i.e., in 75% of the cases. In nearly 20% of the cases, ventricular pairs or tachycardias were observed. The longest tachycardia consisted of 17 QRS complexes. All tachycardias terminated spontaneously. During the following resting phase, ventricular arrhythmias were documented in 52% of the cases, with ventricular pairs, however, in only 11 (5.5%) and ventricular tachycardias in only 5 (2.5%) tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541407 TI - [Angiosarcoma in primary lymphedema of the lower extremity--Stewart-Treves syndrome]. PMID- 6541408 TI - [Cadmium and copper concentrations in feces, urine and blood after ingestion of wild mushrooms]. AB - Because of concern about possible long-term accumulation of cadmium caused by the ingestion of wild mushrooms of the agaricus species we collected feces, urine and blood of eight subjects who had eaten meals of wild (agaricus) mushrooms. The anticipation of high concentrations of fecal cadmium after the diet was confirmed, whereas no increase was found in the levels of cadmium in blood and urine. These results suggest that due to the chitinous nature of fungi there may be no relevant absorption of cadmium from mushrooms in humans. PMID- 6541409 TI - Group-specific component subtypes along the Italian Peninsula. AB - Nine areas in Italy were analyzed for the frequencies of the Gc system (group specific component). No significant discrepancy was found among their frequencies as they resulted after isoelectric focusing (IEF). When more accurately analyzed, gene frequencies revealed a microheterogeneity affecting one sample (city of Bari) against eight tightly clustered values. PMID- 6541410 TI - The effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the fine structure of the rat myocardium. AB - The subcellular effects of bilateral adrenalectomy on the rat myocardium were examined on 50 male rats. The animals, divided into groups of ten, were killed 3, 17, 18, 19 and 21 after adrenalectomy. The early changes consisted of moderate intracellular edema of many cardiac muscle cells and disarrangement of their myofibrils. The late changes consisted of prominent intracellular edema of many cardiac muscle cells, destruction of numerous myofibrils, dilatation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and accumulation of numerous irregular mitochondria in subsarcolemma areas of the sarcoplasm. The lipofuscin granules seemed to be increased in number. Many endothelial cells were edematous and platelet aggregations filled the lumen of some small vessels. PMID- 6541411 TI - [Ultrastructural findings in testicular feminization]. AB - On the basis of light and electron microscopic findings problems of the morphology of gonads in testicular feminization syndrome (TF) are discussed. Within the tubules 3 cell types (light, dark, intermediate) can be distinguished which are regarded as different functional forms of Sertoli cells. Germ cells were not observed definitely. There are, however, remarkable difficulties in morphological distinction between undifferentiated Sertoli and germ cells. It is underlined that fine structure of gonads and cellular composition of tubules as well as the amount of interstitial cells depend on the age of the individuum and on the form of TF (complete and incomplete). PMID- 6541412 TI - [Tabulated comparison of some parameters of androgen metabolism in the male and female]. AB - Some parameters about the metabolism of androgens in men and women taken from other papers have been compiled in five tables. Most of the female figures are completed by estimations for pregnant women. The transport proteins for androgens in plasma are also regarded. PMID- 6541413 TI - Function of carbohydrate moiety in acid phosphatase of Rhodotorula glutinis. AB - The properties of native and partially deglycosylated forms of acid phosphatase from Rhodotorula glutinis were compared. The removal of carbohydrate moiety resulted in higher thermostability and resistance to proteolysis whereas specific activity, pH optimum and Km value with p-nitrophenyl phosphate remained unchanged. The role of carbohydrate moiety in stabilization of the enzyme structure and protection against proteolysis is suggested. PMID- 6541414 TI - [Chronic recurrent subareolar abscess formation]. AB - Chronic recurrent subareolar abcedation. Chronic recurrent subareolar breast abscess is an unfrequent disease of the breast. The surgeon must be acquainted with the syndrome, otherwise it may lead to unnecessary mutilation. The condition usually develops in younger women, but has no relation with lactation. Inverted nipples are a constant finding. The evolution is a chronical one, with acute exacerbations. Small abscesses rupture spontaneously or necessitate surgical drainage or disappear with antibiotics. The basic pathological factor is squamous metaplasia of the lining epithelium of the milksinus. The ampulla is plugged with keratine debris and leads to abscess formation in the retroareolar space. Chronic recurrent subareolar abscesses have to be distinguished from commedomastitis, also called ductal ectasia. The treatment is different for acute and chronical forms. In the acute form antibiotics are administered and eventually incision and drainage of the abscess are performed. In the chronical form excision of the diseased milksinus and fibrotic tissue with the nipple is mandatory. We do not hesitate to excise the majority of the milksinuses. PMID- 6541415 TI - Sympatho-adrenal activity and metabolic adjustment during the first 12 hours after birth in infants of diabetic mothers. AB - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations at birth were the same in infants of diabetic mothers and controls after both vaginal and abdominal delivery. The infants delivered vaginally had significantly higher noradrenaline concentrations than those delivered by caesarean section. During the first 12 postnatal hours, the concentration of noradrenaline decreased to levels similar to those found in newborn infants with minor respiratory problems. No hypoglycemic values were recorded in infants of diabetic mothers at birth nor during the first twelve hours after birth. The C-peptide concentrations at birth were significantly lower in infants of diabetic mothers delivered vaginally as compared to those delivered by caesarean section. The FFA concentrations increased after birth possibly as a result of the lipolytic action of catecholamines released during labour and delivery. We have not been able to confirm the increased sympatho-adrenal activity previously reported in infants of diabetic mothers. We suggest that the difference is due to better metabolic control in the diabetic mothers during pregnancy and delivery in this study. PMID- 6541416 TI - Primary nongestational choriocarcinoma of submental region. AB - A case of a 47-year-old man with choriocarcinoma is reported. This case is quite unique in that the primary tumor presented in the submental region. Multiple remote metastases developed within a few weeks after the tumor extirpation, resulting in a fatal outcome. The neoplasm revealed the features of pure choriocarcinoma. By the immunoperoxidase method, it was demonstrated that both cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts produced HCG. PMID- 6541417 TI - [Microbiological testing of uva ursi species (Formulaes Normales V)]. PMID- 6541418 TI - On the food favoritism of twins. AB - In the present study, there is a continuation of the authors' earlier investigations concerning food preference/refusal patterns in a group of Hungarian adult MZ and DZ twin pairs. A "Food Like/Dislike Chart" (FLDC), adapted to local nutritional habits, was applied. In order to characterize the degree of intra-pair concordance referring to the food favoritism, the concept of the "Taste Concordance Point" (TCP) was introduced. On the basis of the comparison of the TCP values obtained for the MZ and DZ pairs the conclusion can be drawn that gustatory habits are presumably influenced also by genetic factors. The results allow the possibility of applying TCP to testing zygosity. PMID- 6541419 TI - Taste perception for phenylthiocarbamide and food choice--a Hungarian twin study. AB - A total of 98 MZ and 67 like sexed DZ adult twin pairs were studied for taste sensitivity to P.T.C. The MZ pairs were also tested for their food favoritism. A P.T.C. screening test showed a concordance in "tasting" or "non-tasting", within the MZ versus the DZ pairs. For the comparison of food choices of the P.T.C. tasters and non-tasters (members of MZ pairs) a quantity called "Tastership Test Point" (TTP) was constructed. Based on an analysis of the TTP values it may be suggested that taste sensitivity to P.T.C. and food preferences are not completely unrelated characters. These results serve as a contribution to the authors' previous findings obtained in Hungarian adolescents. PMID- 6541420 TI - Nocturnal variation in plasma levels of gastrin and somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in man. AB - Somatostatin and gastrin-like immunoreactivity was measured in peripheral venous plasma at 22, 24, 02, 04 and 06 hours in 10 experiments performed on 6 healthy volunteers. In five of the experiments the subjects had been pretreated with propranolol 20-40 mg three times daily for one week. At 22 h gastrin and somatostatin levels averaged 153 and 143 pg/ml without treatment with beta blockers and 93 and 74 with such treatment. Gastrin and somatostatin levels fell during the course of the night to approximately 10 and 60% of the 22 h value, respectively. Somatostatin levels reached their lowest value at 02 h (50%) of the 22 h value. Treatment with beta-blockers tended to decrease gastrin as well as somatostatin levels over the whole experimental period, but did not influence the gradual decline of gastrin and somatostatin levels occurring during the night or the 02 h dip in somatostatin levels. It is suggested that the nocturnal dip in somatostatin secretion is vagally mediated and that the peak in acid output occurring at this hour is due to the decreased output of gastric somatostatin. The fact that the nightly dip in somatostatin secretion coincides with the peak output of the pituitary hormones prolactin and growth hormone is discussed. PMID- 6541422 TI - Subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--the inconspicuous rump of the iceberg. PMID- 6541421 TI - Hypertonic KCI, NaCl and capsaicin intracamerally causes release of substance P like immunoreactive material into the aqueous humor in rabbits. AB - We have investigated release of substance P-like immunoreactivity (SPLI) into the anterior chamber of the rabbit eye evoked by stimuli which cause non-cholinergic miosis. In a recent study such miosis was reported to be blocked by the substance P analogue (D-Arg1, D-Pro2, D-Trp7,9, Leu11)-SP. Mechanical intracranial antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation caused marked SPLI release presumably from primary sensory nerve endings in the anterior part of the eye. Intermittent stimulation for 20 min was not more effective than stimulation for 10 min. Intracameral injection of either 20 microliters 4.65 M KCI, 20 microliters 4.65 M NaCl or 100 micrograms capsaicin also caused SPLI release. Intracameral injection of 70 microliters 150 mM KCI, 28 micrograms prostaglandin E1 or 200 micrograms of compound 48/80 did not cause detectable SPLI release. PMID- 6541423 TI - [ATP yield from yeasts of the genera Candida and Torulopsis cultured in a chemostat on a methanol medium]. PMID- 6541424 TI - [Lipolytic activity of Candida utilis in relation to different substrates]. PMID- 6541426 TI - [Chemotherapy of advanced seminoma]. AB - Seminoma is one of the most radiosensitive of the solid tumors. Radiotherapy provides a high cure rate for patients with stage I and II seminoma, but the survival rate of the patients with clinically advanced stage III seminoma is only about 30% in the literature. Our case of advanced metastatic seminoma was treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine and bleomycin. Metastatic tumors in the lung disappeared after chemotherapy but recurred shortly. Then regional radiation was given and the tumors disappeared completely. Subsequent prophylactic chemotherapy was given. In view of the observed chemosensitivity of seminoma, it appears that all patients who present initially with metastatic or bulky retroperitoneal disease should be treated with multiple drug chemotherapy including cis-platinum. Residual tumors can be treated by radiation and surgical resection, which will improve the cure rate of advanced metastatic seminoma. PMID- 6541425 TI - Poisoning after overdose with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6541427 TI - [Retrovesical sarcoma (rhabdomyosarcoma): report of a case and a review of 46 cases in Japan]. AB - The patient was a 2-year-old boy, who was brought to our clinic with the chief symptom of urinary retention. We suspected retrovesical tumor by digital examination, intravenous pyelography and retrograde cystography. Surgery was performed and the bladder and prostate including the tumor were removed. Ureterocutaneostomy was constructed on both sides. The pathohistological diagnosis was rhabdomyosarcoma (embryonal type). Thereafter, chemotherapy and irradiation were applied, but the patient died of cachexia which was clinically caused by a local recurrence, fourteen months after the operation. Forty-six cases of retrovesical sarcoma were collected from the recent Japanese literature, and reviewed. PMID- 6541428 TI - Prostaglandin E1 infusion in unstable angina: effects on anginal frequency and cardiac function. AB - Intermittent vasospasm and/or platelet aggregation may play an important role in producing transient coronary artery obstruction leading to an unstable ischemic syndrome. To determine whether intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) a known coronary vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation, produces salutary effects in unstable angina, we evaluated its effects in 19 patients with an unstable acute ischemic syndrome. PGE1 produced a significant decrease in the number of episodes of rest angina (p less than 0.001) and eliminated the need for intravenous nitroglycerin and morphine in 10 patients. These salutary clinical effects were associated with a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and the double product, without a reduction in the endocardial perfusion gradient (aortic diastolic blood pressure--mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure). Adverse effects were generally minor and easily controlled. Thus PGE1 infusion may be of value in the treatment of acute unstable ischemic syndromes. PMID- 6541429 TI - Amiodarone for long-term management of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Fifty-three patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who had serious arrhythmias (45 patients), refractory chest pain (5 patients) or a high risk of sudden death (3 patients) received amiodarone for 6 to 96 months (median 18) after completion of a loading and an initial maintenance period. The dose of amiodarone was altered by 50 to 200 mg/day at 3- to 6-month intervals, guided by electrocardiographic monitoring, plasma drug level measurements and side-effect questionnaires. Ventricular tachycardia was suppressed in 24 patients (92%) with doses of 100 to 400 mg/day (median 300); none died suddenly during a mean follow up of 27 months. Although symptomatic episodes of frequent or prolonged supraventricular tachycardia or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter were abolished in 8 of 9 patients on 100 to 600 mg/day (median 300), in 1 patient incessant atrial flutter developed that was relatively refractory to direct current cardioversion. In 11 patients with atrial fibrillation, sinus rhythm was restored in 7 (after direct-current cardioversion in 3) with doses of 100 to 600 mg/day (median 300) and has been maintained in 5 with associated improvement in symptoms. Despite discontinuation of beta-blocker therapy, chest pain was unchanged in 17 patients, was impaired in 11 and was worse in only 2. Amiodarone was discontinued in 3 patients; in 1 because of hair loss, in 1 because of neurologic symptoms and in 1 because of facial discoloration; in the latter 2 patients, amiodarone was restarted after 1 and 14 months, and was tolerated and effective at the lower dosage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541430 TI - The use of hypnosis in the treatment of herpes simplex II. PMID- 6541431 TI - Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for colon cancer. Selected biochemical parameters in blood and urine. AB - Selected biochemical parameters (serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, total retinol-binding protein, vitamins A and E, total carotenoids, and urinary urea and creatinine) were determined in healthy, free-living vegetarian and nonvegetarian subjects. The groups studied were composed of Seventh-day Adventist pure vegetarians, Seventh-day Adventist lacto-ovo vegetarians, Seventh-day Adventist nonvegetarians, and general population nonvegetarians. No values indicative of nutritional deficiencies were observed in any of the subjects. Serum carotenoid levels were significantly higher in Seventh-day Adventist pure vegetarians than in members of the other groups. Mean values for serum vitamin A showed no differences between the dietary groups, although 41% of general population nonvegetarian subjects (the group considered at highest risk for colon cancer) had serum vitamin A levels in the upper quartile of the distribution. From these data no conclusions can be drawn relating to the role of dietary habits as determinants of colon cancer risk. PMID- 6541432 TI - Somatomedin C response to growth hormone in psychosocial growth retardation. AB - Three children with psychosocial growth retardation increased their serum somatomedin C levels from 0.20 +/- .02 to 0.81 +/- 0.2 U/ml in response to exogenous growth hormone. The pattern of somatomedin C response to growth hormone was no different from that seen in 11 prepubertal children with growth hormone deficiency who received growth hormone according to the same acute treatment regimen. This result suggests that the poor growth response of children with psychosocial growth retardation to exogenous growth hormone is not due to an inability to synthesize somatomedin C, and that it may represent a degree of resistance to the actions of somatomedin C. PMID- 6541433 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura mimicking toxemia of pregnancy. PMID- 6541434 TI - The effects of intravenous miconazole on fungal keratitis. AB - Two patients, a 44-year-old man and a 53-year-old man, with fungal keratitis were successfully treated with intravenously infused miconazole, a synthetic imidazole derivative. In these cases healing and regression of the corneal ulcer began four or five days after initiation of miconazole treatment. The clinical evidence of corneal infection disappeared completely after four weeks and visual acuities improved markedly (from 20/500 to 20/20 in Case 1 and from 20/400 to 20/40 in Case 2). Aside from a transient increase of serum triglycerides and beta lipoproteins, the drug appeared to be well tolerated. PMID- 6541435 TI - Low-grade ocular infections. PMID- 6541436 TI - Barriers to dissemination of Venezuelan encephalitis viruses in the Middle American enzootic vector mosquito, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus. AB - Barriers to dissemination of Middle American epizootic hemagglutination inhibition subtype I-AB, and enzootic, subtype IE, Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) viruses were examined in a colony of the enzootic vector mosquito, Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus. This species is highly susceptible to oral infection with enzootic, but not epizootic, virus strains. Adult female mosquitoes were intrathoracically inoculated with epizootic virus suspensions to ascertain whether a mesenteron infection barrier exists to these subtype I-AB strains. All inoculated mosquitoes became infected, including those receiving only 10 chick embryo cell culture plaque-forming units (CEC pfu). This confirmed that a mesenteron infection barrier exists to epizootic, but not enzootic Middle American VE strains. Mosquitoes were also given high titer hamster bloodmeals of epizootic viruses and dissected at 2-day intervals to determine the location of virus in the few infected individuals. With mean bloodmeal titers of up to 10(5.3) CEC pfu, only 20% or less of the mosquitoes became infected, and virus replication was confined to the mesenteron. This indicated that a mesenteron escape barrier to epizootic VE viruses exists in this mosquito. Mosquitoes were also given large and small oral doses of enzootic virus strains to compare viral replication patterns. With high titer bloodmeals, virus disseminated from the mesenteron within 4 days of infection, and titers in mosquitoes peaked 7-9 days after infection. All mosquitoes that ingested large doses became infected. Mosquitoes receiving small oral doses of enzootic viruses showed a different pattern of virus replication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541437 TI - [Role of the anterior hypothalamus in the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of acupuncture-reflexotherapy]. PMID- 6541438 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of primary amenorrhea in girls]. PMID- 6541439 TI - [Psychotherapeutic treatment of psychogenic vaginismus]. PMID- 6541440 TI - Functional morphology of the pineal gland in young chickens. AB - One and two-month-old chickens were killed at mid light and mid dark under the experimental photoperiod (LD 12: 12). The pineal glands of the young chickens are composed of parenchymal cells and large follicles, presenting a tubulofollicular arrangement. The sensory-like pinealocytes are pear-shaped and have a cilium with 9 + 0 axial configuration projecting into the lumen. Their cytoplasm has cell organelles, small granulated vesicles about 100 nm in diameter and synaptic ribbons. The concentric lamellar complexes like myelin sheaths are frequently observed in the follicular lumen. The secretory-like supporting cells have irregular-shaped microvilli and some granulated vesicles about 200 nm in diameter in the vicinity of the apical surfaces. Occasionally, a few nerve cells are found in the pineal parenchyma. It was found that the sensory-like pinealocytes of the young chickens have many mitochondria, well-developed Golgi complexes and large lysosomes in solid type in the light period, whereas they have a few cell organelles and somewhat smaller rod-like lysosomes with some vacuoles in the dark period. On the other hand, the sensory-like pinealocytes have more synaptic ribbons in the dark period than in the light period. PMID- 6541441 TI - Cytoskeleton ultrastructure of podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells in man and in the rat. AB - The ultrastructural organization of the cytoskeleton of normal podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells was studied in man (adults and children) and in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. In podocytes of both species, cytoplasmic microtubules (MT) were observed in the cell body close to the Golgi apparatus and along the main axis of the major processes where they formed bundles. A network of intermediate filaments (IF) was observed in the cell body and in the major processes where they sometimes formed bundles parallel to MT, especially in man. Numerous clustered microfilaments (MF) were noticed in the foot processes close to the plasma membrane. In glomerular endothelial cells from both species, networks of MT and IF were observed in the cell body, whereas MF surrounded the endothelial fenestrations. The high degree of organization of the cytoskeleton suggests that it may play an important role in several functions of both cell types. PMID- 6541442 TI - Postmastectomy angiosarcoma. AB - Six cases of postmastectomy angiosarcoma of the upper extremity have been treated at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital/Wake Forest University Medical Center over the past 25 years. Five patients had typical ductal carcinoma; one patient had mammary Paget's disease. Two patients, including the patient with Paget's disease, had bilateral mastectomies. The five patients with ductal carcinoma had received postoperative radiation therapy. The mean interval between mastectomy and the appearance of angiosarcoma was 17.5 years. Significant lymphedema of the upper extremity preceded the appearance of angiosarcoma in all six patients, and it appears important that special care be taken during mastectomy to preserve the integrity of the lymphatic system. The patient treated with interscapulothoracic amputation is alive at 2 years postamputation; the five patients whose angiosarcomas were treated with wide excision or radiotherapy died an average of 4.5 years later. Interscapulothoracic amputation is recommended as the initial treatment of postmastectomy angiosarcoma of the upper extremity. PMID- 6541443 TI - [1st observations of the pathogenicity of Ichthyophonus in birds. 2 cases of natural infection]. AB - Two cases of ichthyophoniasis (ichthyosporidiosis) are reported for the first time in fish-eating birds, heron and herring gull. The lesions were mainly in the heart, liver, spleen and kidney. The fungus was isolated from them, cultivated and found identical to a strain previously obtained from a sea-fish. It was able to grow at 40 degrees C. Attention is drawn on the potential hazard for human health resulting from the ingestion of raw fish. PMID- 6541444 TI - Non-random distribution of udder infections among cows. Evaluation of some contributing factors. AB - Bovine udder infections were recorded in three herds throughout a lactation period with bacteriological examinations at 3 week intervals. For analysis, each cow was taken into account at the time when the greatest number of its quarters were infected. Distributions of cows having 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 infected quarters, either by major or minor pathogens, differed significantly (P less than 0.01) from the random binomial distribution: the number of cows with 3 or 4 infected quarters was much higher than expected. As the two types of pathogens behave similarly, they were not distinguished and data were pooled. Distributions of infections among cows within each of the three herds were not random. Cross infections (from a quarter to another of the same cow) could have given rise to less than one-third of the new infections. A greater proportion of cows became multi-infected with increasing age. This process was delayed in the herd with the lowest new infection rate. In the three most highly represented lactation ages (1, 2, and 4), differences between actual and theoretical distributions were all significant (P less than 0.01). Results suggested that together with the major contribution of concentration of infections in the older cows and the less important contribution of cross-infections, individual susceptibility played a part in the non-random distribution. Nevertheless the resistance of the less susceptible cows seemed to have been easily overcome when measures for control of new infections were not used. PMID- 6541445 TI - [Heat-stable coli bacterial enterotoxin of bovine origin is similar to those of porcine and human origin]. AB - The heat-stable enterotoxins produced by strains S126A and 510 of bovine origin have been purified to homogeneity. Their amino acid sequences are identical and correspond to that of the heat stable enterotoxin isolated from porcine origin: Asn-Thr-Phe-Thr-Cys-Cys-Glu-Leu-Cys-Cys-Asn-Pro-Ala-Cys-Ala-Gly-Cys-Tyr. PMID- 6541446 TI - Motor activity of pregnant tethered sows. AB - Continuous recording of body postures (standing or lying) using photocells connected to an event recorder was carried out on 125 pregnant sows tethered either by a thoracic girth or by a neck harness in six different farms, at different times of the year. Standing activity occupied an average of 250 min per day. This position occurred mainly during daytime, with amount of standing during the night (10 p.m. to 6 p.m.) averaging less than 2% of the total time. This mean value was found in 4 farms out of 6. However, on one farm, standing postures lasted 390 min and this hyperactivity was associated with stereotypes. In another farm, time spent standing did not exceed 180 min. In all cases, multiparous sows spent about 60% more time standing than first or second litter sows. Time spent standing was dependent on other animal characteristics such as physical condition and foot condition, and also on environmental factors. Activity rhythms were synchronized by food distribution. These results are discussed together with the potential of using motor activity to characterize adaptability of sows to tethering. PMID- 6541447 TI - An analysis of stereotyped behaviour in tethered sows. AB - The behaviour of 36 Yorkshire X Netherlands Landrace sows was individually and continuously recorded during eleven, 5-min periods commencing at 10.00 h. The sows were neck tethered in partial stalls in the dry sow accomodation of a 250 sow, commercial herd. The recorded behaviour data were analysed for cycles of repetitive behaviour which appeared to be non-functional. Four classes of stereotyped behaviour were recognized: fixed complete routines, fixed subroutines, transitory and loose. They were performed during 25.8, 12.9, 4.9 and 2.7% of the observation time, respectively. Some aspects of the two fixed-class stereotypes were found to be related to stage of pregnancy, that is, time spent tethered in the current pregnancy. The proportion of observation time that sows performed fixed stereotypes, and the number of fixed stereotypes, increased per sow with increase in stage of pregnancy, although in the former instance, less time was spent performing the stereotypes after day 80 of pregnancy. Considerable variability was recorded in the stereotypes in terms of use of particular elements, duration of element use, etc., suggesting that the classical definition of stereotyped behaviour may only hold in situations where the environment is totally unchanging. The use of a quantitative approach to measure stereotypes in tethered sows provides the basis for investigation of cause and function of these behaviours, and therefore the interpretation of stereotypes in terms of sow welfare. PMID- 6541448 TI - Study of neonatal seizures. PMID- 6541450 TI - Distribution of [14C]aztreonam in rat tissue. AB - [14C]aztreonam was administered intramuscularly (50 mg/kg) to male and female rats. Groups of 10 rats (five male and five female) were sacrificed at 0.25, 2, 6, and 24 h after dosing. Blood and various tissues were removed from six rats (three male and three female) in each group for determination of total radioactivity and unchanged aztreonam by liquid scintillation counting and thin layer radiochromatography. The remaining rats were prepared for whole-body autoradiography. Radioactivity was distributed rapidly to most tissues and was rapidly eliminated from blood into urine and bile. Concentrations of total radioactivity in kidney, liver, small and large intestines and their contents, and urinary bladder were higher than those in serum at all the times examined. Concentrations of unchanged aztreonam in serum, kidney, liver, and lung declined at about the same rate as did that of total radioactivity in the same tissues. The results of whole-body autoradiography essentially confirmed the results of the distribution of [14C]aztreonam as determined by liquid scintillation counting. No major differences between males and females were observed when concentrations in organs common to both were compared. PMID- 6541449 TI - Disposition of [14C]aztreonam in rats, dogs, and monkeys. AB - [14C]aztreonam was administered as single 25-mg/kg doses to dogs (intravenously and subcutaneously) and monkeys (intramuscularly and intravenously) and as single 50-mg/kg doses (intramuscularly and intravenously) to rats. In rats and dogs, radioactive moieties were excreted primarily in urine; in monkeys, they were excreted about equally in urine and feces. Unchanged aztreonam accounted for 77 to 86% of the radioactivity excreted in the urine of rats, dogs, and monkeys; SQ 26,992, the metabolite resulting from hydrolysis of the monobactam ring, accounted for 10 to 15%; and minor, unidentified metabolites accounted for the remainder. In rats with cannulated bile ducts, about 15% of an intramuscular dose was excreted in bile in 24 h; the bile contained a greater percentage of metabolites than that found in urine. In dogs, the apparent elimination half-life of aztreonam in serum was 0.7 h after intravenous administration. Aztreonam and SQ 26,992 accounted for most of the radioactivity in the sera of dogs and monkeys. Serum protein binding of aztreonam and its metabolites ranged from 28 to 35% in dogs and from 49 to 59% in monkeys. In the three species studied, aztreonam was most extensively metabolized in monkeys; SQ 26,992 and other minor metabolites from monkey urine were tested and found to be devoid of any significant antimicrobial activity. PMID- 6541451 TI - Distribution of aztreonam into fetuses and milk of rats. AB - Subcutaneous administration of [14C]aztreonam (150 mg/kg) to pregnant rats was followed by the appearance of radioactive moieties in fetuses and amniotic fluid. Concentrations of both total radioactivity and unchanged aztreonam in maternal serum declined more rapidly than those in fetuses and amniotic fluid. [14C]aztreonam (150 mg/kg) was also administered subcutaneously to lactating rats. Radioactivity and unchanged aztreonam were found in the suckling pups and in the serum and milk of the dam. Results obtained by whole-body autoradiography were generally consistent with these obtained by measuring radioactivity present in the excised tissues. Autoradiographs of the pups showed detectable amounts of radioactivity in the brain; since no radioactivity was detectable in the brain of the dam, it appears that the blood-brain barrier was not fully developed in 7-day old pups. PMID- 6541452 TI - Single-dose pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in pediatric patients. AB - Single intravenous doses (30 mg/kg) of aztreonam, a novel monobactam antibiotic, were administered to 29 children from 2 days to 11 years old. Serum, urine, and, when possible, cerebrospinal fluid samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiological methods. The concentration of aztreonam in serum 15 min after drug administration was approximately 100 micrograms/ml in all age groups. The elimination half-life varied inversely, and the clearance from serum varied directly, with age. Aztreonam pharmacokinetics in 2- to 12-year-olds were similar to those in adults. The concentration in urine was high and prolonged, with potentially therapeutic concentrations still present 12 to 24 h after infusion in all age groups. Penetration into cerebrospinal fluid averaged 17.3% in children with inflamed meninges. Standard clinical and laboratory measurements revealed no untoward reactions. The 30-mg/kg dose of aztreonam produced potentially therapeutic concentrations in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid. A dosage schedule of every 6 to 8 h in older children and every 8 to 12 h in neonates is suggested for multiple-dose clinical trials. PMID- 6541453 TI - Evaluation of aztreonam in difficult-to-treat infections with prolonged posttreatment follow-up. AB - Aztreonam at doses of 1 or 2 g given intramuscularly or intravenously every 8 h for 7 to 42 days was given to 55 patients, most of them suffering from difficult to-treat infections either because the isolated pathogens were multiresistant or because of the location of the infection. Infections included: urinary tract (23 cases), deep soft tissue phlegmon (12 cases), chronic osteomyelitis in exacerbation (7 cases), abscesses (7 cases), pneumonia (4 cases), and external otitis (2 cases). In culture specimens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 isolates) and various Enterobacteriaceae species (37 isolates) were isolated with MICs ranging from 0.25 to 16 micrograms/ml. Clinically, at the completion of treatment and after a 6-week posttreatment follow-up, 45 (81.6%) patients were cured, 4 (7.2%) improved, 3 (5.6%) relapsed, and 3 (5.6%) failed to respond to therapy. Bacteriologically, at the end of treatment, the pathogen was eradicated in 50 patients (91%) and persisted in 5 (9%). After a 6-week follow-up, cultures remained sterile in 33 patients (60.0%), 16 (29.1%) relapsed, in 6 (10.9%) bacteria persisted, and superinfection was reported in 4 (7.3%) patients. No appreciable adverse effects or toxicity was observed. From the reported results, it is concluded that aztreonam is a valuable addition to the field of antimicrobial chemotherapy that can be used effectively and safely in the treatment of a variety of gram-negative infections. PMID- 6541454 TI - Enterococcal superinfection and colonization with aztreonam therapy. AB - Patients were given aztreonam (SQ 26,776) parenterally for the treatment of various gram-negative infections. During or shortly after therapy, 8 (17.8%) of 45 patients became infected with or colonized by enterococcus. These eight cases included eight urinary tract isolates; one of these cases subsequently developed bacteremia. Five patients required further antimicrobial therapy directed against enterococcus. Patients receiving aztreonam are at risk for the development of enterococcal superinfection or colonization. PMID- 6541455 TI - Inhibition of human and woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA polymerase by the triphosphates of acyclovir, 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5 iodocytosine and E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - The triphosphates of acyclovir (ACV), 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) and E-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVdU) have been examined for their inhibitory effects on the endogenous DNA polymerase reactions of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). All three triphosphates (ACVTP, FIACTP and BVdUTP) inhibited the HBV and WHV DNA polymerases by competing with the corresponding natural substrates. FIACTP was the most potent inhibitor of HBV and WHV DNA polymerase while ACVTP was the least effective inhibitor. The inhibitory properties of these compounds were compared with those of the 5'-triphosphates of 1-beta-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (ara-CTP) and 1-beta-arabinofuranosylthymine (ara-TTP). The 50% inhibitory doses for HBV and WHV DNA polymerases were in the following order: FIACTP less than BVdUTP less than ara-TTP less than ACVTP less than ara-CTP. BVdUTP appeared to be an efficient alternate substrate to dTTP for HBV DNA polymerase while FIACTP was much less efficient when substituted for dCTP. ACVTP did not act as an alternate substrate to dGTP and appeared to prevent DNA chain elongation. PMID- 6541456 TI - Candida lignophila sp. nov., a new basidiomycetous yeast anamorph from rotting wood of Drimys winteri. AB - Two strains of an undescribed Candida species were isolated from samples of a rotting trunk of Drimys winteri collected on the isle of Chiloe in South Chile. A description of the new species Candida lignophila is given and its relationship to other species is discussed with particular emphasis on its typical basidiomycetous properties as well as on its ecological habitat. PMID- 6541457 TI - The induction of mycelial development in Aureobasidium pullulans (IMI 45533) by yeast extract. AB - Germ tube and subsequent mycelial development from yeast-like and swollen cells of Aureobasidium pullulans (IMI 45533) was induced by yeast extract in defined liquid medium. This morphogenetic transition was dependent on inoculum size; pH effects were not involved and once mycelial development was induced in the cells it continued even in the absence of yeast extract. The progeny of mycelium and future generations were unaffected by yeast extract. Cessation of germination was not due to any obvious medium changes but appeared to be partly due to the production of a germination inhibitor, which could also be produced by control cells grown in the absence of yeast extract. PMID- 6541458 TI - pH kinetic studies of the N-demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline catalyzed by chloroperoxidase. AB - The effect of pH on the kinetic parameters for the chloroperoxidase-catalyzed N demethylation of N,N-dimethylaniline supported by ethyl hydroperoxide was investigated from pH 3.0 to 7.0. Chloroperoxidase was found to be stable throughout the pH range studied. Initial rate conditions were determined throughout the pH range. The Vmax for the demethylation reaction exhibited a pH optimum at approximately 4.5. The Km for N,N-dimethylaniline increased with decreasing pH, while the Km for ethyl hydroperoxide varied in a manner paralleling Vmax. Comparison of the Vmax/Km values for N,N-dimethylaniline and ethyl hydroperoxide indicated that the interaction of N,N-dimethylaniline with chloroperoxidase compound I was rate-limiting below pH 4.5, while compound I formation was rate-limiting above pH 4.5. The log of the Vmax/Km for ethyl hydroperoxide was independent of pH, indicating that chloroperoxidase compound I formation is not affected by ionizations in this pH range. The plot of the log of the Vmax/Km for N,N-dimethylaniline versus pH indicated an ionization on compound I with a pK of approximately 6.8. The plot of the log of the Vmax versus pH indicated an ionization on the compound I-N,N-dimethylaniline complex, with a pK of approximately 3.1. The results show that chloroperoxidase can demethylate both the protonated and neutral forms of N,N-dimethylaniline (pK approximately 5.0), suggesting that hydrophobic binding of the arylamine substrate is more important in catalysis than ionic bonding of the amine moiety. For optimal catalysis, a residue in the chloroperoxidase compound I-N,N-dimethylaniline complex with a pK of approximately 3.1 must be deprotonated, while a residue in compound I with a pK of approximately 6.8 must be protonated. PMID- 6541459 TI - Mode of action of natural inactivator proteins from corn and rice on a purified assimilatory nitrate reductase. AB - The molecular basis for the action of two natural inactivator proteins, isolated from rice and corn, on a purified assimilatory nitrate reductase has been examined by several physical techniques. Incubation of purified Chlorella nitrate reductase with either rice inactivator protein or corn inactivator protein results in a loss of NADH:nitrate reductase and the associated partial activity, NADH:cytochrome c reductase, but no loss in nitrate-reducing activity with reduced methyl viologen as the electron donor. The molecular weight of the reduced methyl viologen:nitrate reductase species, determined by sedimentation equilibrium in the Beckman airfuge after complete inactivation with rice inactivator protein or with corn inactivator protein, was 595,000 and 283,000, respectively, compared to a molecular weight of 376,000 for the untreated control determined under the same conditions. Two protein peaks were observed after molecular-sieve chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 of nitrate reductase inactivated by corn inactivator protein. The Stokes radii of these fragments were 68 and 24 A, compared to a value of 81 A for untreated nitrate reductase. The large fragment contained molybdenum and heme but no flavin, and had nitrate reducing activity with reduced methyl viologen as electron donor. The small fragment contained FAD but had no NADH:cytochrome c reductase or nitrate-reducing activities. Molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis were 67,000 and 28,000 for the large and small fragments, respectively, compared to a subunit molecular weight of 99,000 determined for the untreated control. No change in subunit molecular weight of nitrate reductase after inactivation by rice inactivator protein was observed. These results indicate that rice inactivator protein acts by binding to nitrate reductase. The stoichiometry of binding is 1-2 molecules of rice inactivator protein to one tetrameric molecule of nitrate reductase. Corn inactivator protein, in contrast, acts by cleavage of a Mr 30,000 fragment from nitrate reductase which is associated with FAD. The remaining fragment is a tetramer of Mr 70,000 subunits which retains nitrate-reducing activity and contains molybdenum and heme but has no NADH:dehydrogenase activity. The action of rice inactivator protein was partially prevented by NADH and completely prevented by a combination of NADH and cyanide, while the action of corn inactivator protein was not significantly affected by these effectors. PMID- 6541461 TI - 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine induces placental alkaline phosphatase biosynthesis in cultured choriocarcinoma cells. AB - 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) stimulated the biosynthesis and hence increased the activity of placental alkaline phosphatase in choriocarcinoma cells. While BrdUrd had no effect on the rate of degradation or processing of placental alkaline phosphatase, it increased the rate of phosphatase synthesis. The stimulation of enzyme activity could be completely accounted for by the increase in alkaline phosphatase protein. Both control and BrdUrd-induced cells contained polypeptides of 61,500 and 64,500 Da, identified as the precursor and fully processed forms of placental alkaline phosphatase monomer. The half-life of this enzyme monomer in both control and BrdUrd-treated cells was estimated to be 36 h. BrdUrd induced a specific increase in the placental alkaline phosphatase mRNA leading to the observed enhancement of biosynthesis. The continued rise in alkaline phosphatase biosynthesis in BrdUrd-induced cells following BrdUrd removal indicated that this analog acted by incorporation into DNA. PMID- 6541460 TI - Effect of sulfhydryl reagents on nucleoside transport in cultured mammalian cells. AB - Incubation of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells; mouse L929, P388 and L1210 cells; and Chinese hamster ovary cells with sulfhydryl reagents, such as p hydroxymercuribenzoate or p-hydroxymercuribenzenesulfonate, reduced the zero trans influx of uridine in a concentration-dependent manner. The sensitivity of uridine transport to inhibition varied somewhat for the cell lines, Chinese hamster ovary cells being the most sensitive. Maximum inhibition by p hydroxymercuribenzoate occurred in 10-20 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, and was associated with a decrease in maximum transport velocity without significant change in substrate affinity of the carrier. The development of inhibition of uridine influx correlated with binding of [14C]p-hydroxymercuribenzoate to the cells. Inhibition of transport also roughly correlated with a decreased binding of 6-nitrobenzylthioinosine to high-affinity binding sites on the cells (presumably representing the nucleoside transporter) without affecting binding affinity. Treatment of cells with p-hydroxymercuribenzenesulfonate reduced uridine influx and efflux to a similar extent. Inhibition of uridine transport and binding of [14C]p-hydroxymercuribenzoate were readily reversed by incubation of the cells with dithiothreitol. The results indicate that sulfhydryl groups are essential for the functioning of the nucleoside transporter, perhaps for the binding of substrate. Blockage of the sulfhydryl groups results in a reversible inactivation of the carrier. Treatment of the cells with the sulfhydryl reagents also caused a concentration-dependent increase in cell volume, which was readily reversed by incubation of the cells with dithiothreitol but seemed unrelated to the inhibition of nucleoside transport. PMID- 6541462 TI - [Bioassay of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) by human tumor clonogenic assay]. PMID- 6541463 TI - Preterm milk as a source of protein for low birthweight infants. AB - A total of 588 samples of 24 hour collections of preterm milk obtained during the first month of lactation from 58 mothers of low birthweight infants have been analysed for total nitrogen content. In addition to the expected decline in milk protein content (total nitrogen X 6 X 38) seen with postnatal age, a strong negative correlation between milk protein and milk volume output has been shown. Thus, the greater the volume produced, the smaller the chance that preterm milk contains a sufficiently high protein concentration to meet the calculated requirements of low birthweight infants (given the constraints on the infant's volume intake). Postnatal age and the infant's body weight are identified as additional factors which influence the likelihood that theoretical protein needs will be met. It is speculated that the high protein content seen in preterm milk may not necessarily reflect a unique secretory ability of the mammary gland in mothers delivering preterm but may relate more to the low volume of milk produced by many donors. PMID- 6541465 TI - Some factors affecting the eggs of Taenia multiceps: their transmission onto pasture and their viability. PMID- 6541464 TI - Diurnal variation in asthma. PMID- 6541466 TI - In vitro screening of potential ovicides. PMID- 6541467 TI - Investigations of the influence of the content of plant crude protein in the ration on the utilisation of urea in dairy cattle. 5. 15N-fractions in the blood of lactating cows given 15N-urea intraruminantly. AB - The incorporation of urea-15N (given as an intraruminal drench or infusion) into plasma urea and protein of dairy cows fed isoenergetic rations with different levels of plant protein (9, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 17% in DM) was investigated. A nonlinear and asymptotic dependence between the plasma concentration of urea and protein level in the ration was stated. The availability of dietary urea-15N for plasma urea for 48 hours after administration was lowest in cows fed with low protein rations (9 and 11% of plant protein). On the contrary the highest incorporation of urea-15N into plasma protein of these animals was observed. The possible explanation of these results is presented. PMID- 6541468 TI - Surgical management of peripheral fungal keratitis (keratomycosis). AB - Keratomycosis often follows ocular trauma caused by vegetable matter. Medical management sometimes is unsuccessful, and surgical intervention is required. Debridement, penetrating keratoplasty, and lamellar keratoplasty in conjunction with an inlay conjunctival flap have all been proved effective. Three case reports illustrate the usefulness of lamellar keratoplasty and conjunctival flaps in the management of peripheral corneal fungal ulcers. PMID- 6541469 TI - Olfactory neuroblastoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for extensive disease. AB - A patient with olfactory neuroblastoma had extensive involvement of the nasopharynx, sinuses and orbit, and cervical metastasis. After surgical biopsy and excision of metastatic disease, she was treated with chemotherapy: three cycles of high-dose cisplatin (100 mg/sq m) and infusion of fluorouracil (1 g/sq m/day for five days). Subsequent treatment included definitive radiation therapy followed by three additional cycles of chemotherapy. The patient is free of disease three years after initiating therapy. This case report demonstrates the potential efficacy of planned combined modality therapy, including early chemotherapy in the control of locally advanced, unresectable olfactory neuroblastoma. PMID- 6541470 TI - Identifying problems. A position paper of the AMA/ACHS Peer Review Resource Centre. PMID- 6541471 TI - AMA/ACHS Peer Review Resource Centre strategy for 1984. PMID- 6541472 TI - Vitrectomy and photocoagulation in the management of serous detachment associated with optic nerve pits. AB - Two cases of serous detachment of the retina associated with congenital pits of the optic nerve were successfully treated with photocoagulation, vitrectomy and gas tamponade. The rationale of management and the results are discussed. It is suggested that this treatment deserves further study to see if early intervention will favourably affect the return of macular function, particularly in cases of optic nerve pits where the serous detachment is of short duration and fixed structural changes at the macula have not occurred. PMID- 6541473 TI - Zygomycosis in the duck. AB - The fungal disease zygomycosis was diagnosed in the thoracic cavity of two 7 weeks-old ducks. In the first case, the diagnosis was based on examination of granulomas that were found to contain fungal hyphae characteristics of zygomycetes. The second case was diagnosed using similar criteria along with the subsequent culture of Mucor sp. from the lesion. To attain a definitive diagnosis of zygomycosis, the fungal hyphae found during histologic examination must be differentiated from Aspergillus sp. and Dactylaria gallopava. PMID- 6541474 TI - Handling from weaning to adulthood does not prevent hyperdefensiveness induced by septal, medial accumbens, or medial hypothalamic lesions. AB - Weanling male hooded rats were handled or not handled for 10 min each day, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. At the end of this time all animals received one of the following: a septal lesion, a medial accumbens lesion, a medial hypothalamic lesion, or a sham lesion. The animals were tested for defensiveness toward the experimenter on Days 3, 7, and 14 postoperatively. All behavioral testing was done blind. Each of the three lesions increased defensiveness toward the experimenter. However, with each lesion, there was no difference in the defensiveness scores of preoperatively handled and nonhandled animals at any of the postoperative test sessions while those of animals with medial hypothalamic lesions did not. These results are consistent with observations that hyperdefensiveness occurs in human subjects following tumors in each of these brain areas in spite of their familiarity with the situation in which they are observed. They contrast with observations that mouse killing induced by septal lesions is readily prevented by preoperative exposure to a mouse. PMID- 6541475 TI - Subacute apomorphine injections in rats: effects on components of behavioral stereotypy. AB - This study was aimed at documenting the changes in the frequency and duration of bouts of behavior of Sprague-Dawley male rats in the open-field following each of four injections of apomorphine (Apo, 5 mg/kg, sc, immediate), or normal saline, delivered at 3-day intervals. Independent quantification of locomotion, sniffing, rearing, grooming, inactivity, gnawing, nodding, and jumping was obtained continuously throughout the 78-min sessions. Apo eliminated grooming and inactivity on all sessions. The large increases in locomotion and sniffing seen in the Apo rats compared to the saline rats on the first session were sustained throughout subsequent sessions. However, the Apo-induced potentiation of nodding of the head and gnawing, seen acutely, declined across sessions. These observations reconcile inconsistencies in the literature on subacute Apo effects. Finally, the individual differences in behavioral scores of Apo-treated rats were more stable than were those of saline-treated rats. This finding supports evidence in the literature that individual differences in neurochemistry are more likely to be predicted from the behavioral scores of Apo-challenged rats than from the scores of untreated rats. PMID- 6541476 TI - Karyotype and intermale aggression in wild house mice: ecology and speciation. PMID- 6541477 TI - Ethanol dependence in mice: direct and correlated responses to ten generations of selective breeding. PMID- 6541478 TI - The disulphide bridges in a cellobiohydrolase and an endoglucanase from Trichoderma reesei. AB - The positions of the disulphide bridges of the 1,4-beta-glucan cellobiohydrolase (CBH I) of the fungus Trichoderma reesei have been investigated. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) The enzyme contains 12 disulphide bridges and no free cysteine residues. (2) The location of six disulphide bridges have been determined experimentally. (3) The bonding patterns of the two disulphide bridges in the C-terminal region is suggested on the basis of internal homology. (4) The remaining four disulphide bridges are put into two groups, each containing four half-cystine residues where two are adjacent. (5) A repeating bonding pattern is observed along the peptide chain and a non-local disulphide bond with an unusually long separation distance links the N-terminal and the C-terminal region. (6) The disulphide-bonded CNBr peptides of a 1,4-beta-glucan glucanohydrolase (endoglucanase II) from T. reesei have been isolated and a disulphide bonding pattern is suggested on the basis of the sequence homology between the two enzymes. PMID- 6541479 TI - Stereochemistry of the incorporation of valine methyl groups into methylene groups in cephalosporin C. AB - 'Chiral methyl valines', i.e. samples of valine labelled stereospecifically in the methyl groups with 2H and 3H, were incorporated into cephalosporin C by a suspension of washed cells of Cephalosporium acremonium. Analysis by 3H n.m.r. of the cephalosporin C produced showed that the conversion of the 3-pro-S-methyl group of valine into the acetoxymethyl side-chain was a highly stereospecific process. By contrast, conversion of the 3-pro-R-methyl group into the endocyclic methylene group of the dihydrothiazine ring was shown to proceed by a non stereospecific process. PMID- 6541480 TI - Rat atrial natriuretic factor: isolation, structure and biological activities of four major peptides. AB - Four peptides possessing both natriuretic activity and smooth muscle relaxant activity were isolated from rat atrium and their amino acid sequences determined. The four peptides designated ANF-I, ANF-II, ANF-III and ANF-IV containing 35, 31, 30 and 25 amino acid residues, respectively, were obtained in a molar ratio of 4:60:20:16. The predominant species ANF-II, which may represent the native form of ANF, has the following sequence: (H2N)-G-P-R-S-L-R-R-S-S-C-F-G-G-R-I-D-R-I-G-A Q-S-G-L-G-C-N-S-F-R-Y-(COO H) in which Cys-10 and Cys-26 are disulfide linked. Cleavage of the aspartyl linkage at position 16 by staphylococcal protease caused complete inactivation, indicating that the ring conformation is essential. The dose-response relationships determined for the four peptides in relaxing norepinephrine-induced contraction of rabbit thoracic aorta showed half-maximum relaxation at concentrations ranging from 1.5 X 10(-9) to 2.5 X 10(-9) M. Comparable dose-response relationships were observed in relaxation of carbacol induced contraction of chick rectum strips as tested with ANF-II and ANF-IV. PMID- 6541481 TI - Thyrotropin regulation of plasminogen activator activity in primary cultures of ovine thyroid cells. AB - In primary cultures of ovine thyroid cells, a high level of plasminogen activator (PA) activity was detected in the culture media. This level is much higher than in primary cultures of Sertoli cells, granulosa cells, and pituitary cells. PA activity increased with time in culture and was regulated by TSH and insulin. Activity gel analysis of the culture media revealed a major band of 43,000 daltons and a minor one of 70,000 daltons, suggesting the presence of both of the urokinase-type and the tissue-type PA in the media. PMID- 6541482 TI - Cisplatin metabolites in plasma, a study of their pharmacokinetics and importance in the nephrotoxic and antitumour activity of cisplatin. AB - For rats dosed with cisplatin the rate of appearance in plasma of ultrafilterable metabolites containing platinum has been investigated using HPLC. At least seven species containing platinum in addition to cisplatin are present 15 min following injection i.p. of 15 mg kg-1. Unchanged cisplatin has been almost completely eliminated from the plasma within 3 hr of dosing; however, metabolite species are still present. The same metabolite species form when cisplatin is incubated in vitro with plasma although in different proportions. After incubation for 24 hr at 37 degrees a mixture of metabolites is produced which contains less than 4% cisplatin. This mixture, when injected i.p. into rats, is nephrotoxic at doses of platinum at which cisplatin is not. The mixture of metabolites has considerably less antitumour activity than cisplatin when tested against the mouse L1210 leukemia assay. Although no metabolite species has been unequivocally identified we present evidence which suggests that amongst the principle metabolite species are an hydrolysis product and methionine substitution products of cisplatin. A mixture of cisplatin methionine substitution complexes showed neither antitumour nor nephrotoxic properties. However, an hydrolysis product was shown to be nephrotoxic at a dose of platinum at which cisplatin is not. The work reported here is the first direct experimental demonstration that cisplatin metabolites are more nephrotoxic but less effective antitumour agents than the parent compound. PMID- 6541483 TI - Contribution to the understanding of oxicam ionization constants. AB - Determinations of the pKa-values by the spectrophotometric method indicate significant differences in the acidic behaviour between piroxicam and tenoxicam on the one hand and isoxicam on the other. In the case of the first named 2 pyridyl-substituted substances the two measurable and due to the UV-shift individually assignable pKa-values might be explained by the existence of zwitterionic species. In contrast to this isoxicam exhibits only one pKa-value for the enole-enolate system in the pH-range 1-14. PMID- 6541484 TI - [Immunostimulant action of polysaccharides (heteroglycans) from higher plants. Preliminary communication]. AB - From the water or alcaline-water extracts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench and angustifolia DC., Eupatorium cannabinum L. and -perfoliatum L., Chamomilla recutita (L.) (Rauscher), Calendula officinalis L., Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R.B., Achyrocline satureoides DC., Arnica montana L., Sabal serrulata Roem et Schult. and Eleutherococcus senticosus Maxim. polysaccharide fractions with molecular weights in the range of 25 000 to 500 000 and higher have been isolated, which, according to the granulocytes- and carbon clearance tests, showed significant immunostimulating activities. The isolated compounds belong to the group of water soluble, acidic heteroglycanes. The linkages in the different polysaccharides do not represent a uniform structure type. PMID- 6541485 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of alkyltriazenopyrazoles. AB - The chemical synthesis of certain mono- and bis-dialkyltriazenopyrazoles is described. In antitumor studies it was found that none of the compounds produced increase in life span (ILS) of L 1210 bearing mice or inhibition of adenocarcinoma 755 growth above the criteria established. The introduction of a second triazenogroup increases the toxicity of the compounds tested. PMID- 6541486 TI - Investigation of the antitumor activity of new epoxide derivatives. Part II: N glycidylated oxo-nitrogen heterocycles. AB - A number of N-glycidyl compounds derived from oxo-substituted nitrogen heterocycles such as diazines, triazines, diazoles, triazoles as well as condensed ring systems containing these units have been synthesised. All products were tested for their antitumor activity against leukaemia in the mouse. Almost all of the approx. 50 di- and triglycidyl compounds showed activity, whereby 5 of them exhibited an increase of lifespan of 200% and more. The most active compound was 1,2,4-triglycidyl-urazol. PMID- 6541487 TI - Effect of enzyme induction on the disposition of lorcainide in rats following intravenous and oral administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a single dose of lorcainide (4.5 mg/kg) was studied in rats pretreated with phenobarbital following intravenous and oral administration of lorcainide. In control rats, the total blood clearance of lorcainide was 30 ml/kg/min and the bioavailability was 14%. Pretreatment with phenobarbital increased the apparent oral clearance and reduced the bioavailability about 2fold. However, the pretreatment had a negligible effect on the systemic clearance following intravenous administration. Thus, enzyme induction increases the first-pass metabolism of lorcainide but does not alter the metabolism of drug which is in the systemic circulation. PMID- 6541488 TI - Oxyfedrine and propranolol. A comparative experimental approach to protect myocardium against isoprenaline-induced myocardial necrosis. AB - Myocardial necrosis was produced in rats by isoprenaline (ISP) administration (85 mg X kg-1 s.c.) for two consecutive days. Rats sacrificed at 12, 24, 30, 36 and 48 h, respectively, after the last injection of ISP showed a marked increase in serum enzymes, viz. creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and tissue content of lactate. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the glycogen content of myocardium and the activity of enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) was changed in biphasic fashion, i.e. initial enhancement of activity was followed by a persistent fall. All these changes were present along with typical infarct-like necrosis as seen microscopically. Both oxyfedrine (OXF, 2, 4 and 8 mg X kg-1 i.m.) and propranolol (PROP, 1, 2 and 4 mg X kg-1 i.m.) administered for 5 days before and two days during ISP administration were effective in providing protection. However, with 8 mg X kg-1 dose of PROP sporadic high mortality was observed. Serum AST and CPK levels in OXF (4 and 8 mg X kg-1) and PROP (2 and 4 mg X kg-1) pretreated animals returned back to the range of controls. Unlike OXF, the LDH level in PROP pretreated rats, though reduced significantly, remained always higher than the control values. The beneficial effect of OXF on myocardial glycolytic flux was dose-dependent. 8 mg X kg-1 of OXF increased (31%) the glycogen content significantly (p less than 0.01) and the activity of enzyme PFK and tissue lactate content were brought back to normal. PROP did not exhibit dose-dependent reduction in the lactate content of the myocardium and it was never restored back to the range of control values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541489 TI - The amplification of the anticonvulsant effect of vinyl GABA (4-aminohexenoic acid) by esters of glycine. AB - The synergistic amplification of the anticonvulsant effects of direct and indirect GABA agonists by glycine has previously been demonstrated. We show in the present report that the anticonvulsant effect of vinyl GABA, a GABA-T (4 aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase) inhibitor with antiepileptic efficacy, can be amplified by esters of glycine. Among the compounds studied glycine tert. butylester was the most promising. It was effective at a lower dose and had a considerably longer duration of action than glycine. From the observed glycine and glycine tert. butylester levels it is evident that glycine tert. butylester is rapidly hydrolysed within brain and other tissues. It is therefore a pro-drug of glycine, capable of enhancing central glycinergic activity. PMID- 6541490 TI - [The effect of a nonspecific immunostimulant on the phagocytosis of erythrocytes and ink by the reticulohistiocyte system in the isolated, perfused liver of rats of various ages]. AB - By the help of the isolated perfused rat liver the influence of a non-specific immune stimulant on the phagocytic activity of Kupffer cells was tested. It was shown that the phagocytosis of colloidal ink is not influenced. The phagocytosis of erythrocytes is improved significantly by the treatment in young as well as in aged animals independent whether they were pretreated or not. These data, together with the behaviour of the liver function parameters, indicate a positive influence of the plant immunstimulant on the receptor- or immunoglobulin dependent first phase of phagocytosis and, because of the redox quotients, an activation of the second phase of phagocytosis. PMID- 6541491 TI - Cytogenetic effects of psychotropic drug haloperidol on human lymphocytes. AB - Haloperidol is used for long-term therapy of psychiatric disorders. The cytogenetic effect of this drug was studied on human chromosomes in lymphocyte cultures in vitro and in vivo. There was no increase in the chromosomal aberration frequency in vitro with haloperidol at concentrations equivalent to plasma level and slightly higher than plasma level. However, a significant increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations was seen in patients on therapeutic doses of haloperidol as compared to the two types of controls: 1. Psychiatric patients before starting the drug therapy and 2. normal healthy individuals from the general population. The most frequently observed aberrations were chromatid gaps and breaks. Our study indicates that haloperidol is not clastogenic in vitro at plasma concentration but significantly clastogenic in vivo. PMID- 6541492 TI - [Automatic finger plethysmography as a human pharmacologic research tool. A methodologic study]. AB - In view of the use of an electronically processed digital plethysmography as a noninvasive pharmacological tool - particularly to measure effects of organic nitrates - 9 healthy young volunteers were examined. The purpose of the investigation was to study baseline recordings and to assess the effects of several well defined exogenous influences. The electronic processor calculated the D/H-ratio of each plethysmographic pulse wave, where D represents the depth of the dicrotic minimum measured from the apex of the systolic maximum and H the total hight of the plethysmographic wave. The D/H-ratio was not significantly influenced by a hot beverage, but fell after a cold drink. In undisturbed volunteers the D/H-ratio had a tendency to fall slightly during a 3-h period of observation. This tendency could be eliminated by small doses of pindolol or dihydroergotamine, but individual fluctuations of the curves were still visible. It appears therefore that a fully automated evaluation of plethysmographic recordings yields best results if the findings in a group of volunteers are averaged. PMID- 6541493 TI - [Bioequivalence of phenylbutazone preparations following a single intramuscular administration]. AB - Bioequivalence was estimated in 6 resp. 7 male volunteers for two combination drugs of phenylbutazone (Neuro-Elmedal, Sigma Elmedal) after intramuscular administration using a monopreparation as a standard. Plasma levels of phenylbutazone were assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography. With respect to rate and extent both combination drugs were identical to the mono drug. PMID- 6541494 TI - Effects of ethyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-4-oxazole acetate (Y-9738) on the serum lipids of patients with hyperlipidemia and/or hypo-HDL-emia. AB - With the view of examining the serum lipid metabolism-improving action of a new compound, ethyl-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-4-oxazole acetate (Y-9738), 900 mg was administered to 47 patients with various diseases associated with hyperlipidemia and/or hypo-HDL (high density lipoprotein)-emia for successive 16 weeks. Serum HDL-cholesterol increased significantly 4 weeks after the administration (mean 11.8%, p less than 0.01). In the patients with hypo-HDL-emia who showed the initial level of 50 mg/dl or less, the degree of increase was more remarkable (mean 16,4%, p less than 0.01), and a significant increase was noted until 12 weeks later. Further, a similar change was noted in respect to serum HDL phospholipid. The main apoprotein of HDL, apoprotein A (I + II) began to increase significantly 4 weeks after the institution of the administration. At the end of the trial, it increased by mean 31% (p less than 0.01). Y-9738 did not exert any significant effect on serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid, but it caused a reduction in so-called atherogenic indexes. PMID- 6541495 TI - [The effect of cimetidine on the metabolism and effects of alcohol]. AB - This study was designed to show if therapeutic doses of cimetidine (Tagamet 400 Oblong-Filmtabletten; 400 mg b.i.d. and 400 mg t.i.d.) influence the elimination of alcohol. Following controlled alcohol doses to eight healthy volunteers without cimetidine and after three days cimetidine in the two dosage regimens, blood alcohol concentrations were determined and the degree of intoxication was recorded subjectively on a 100 mm scale. Statistical evaluation showed that the elimination and effects of the alcohol were similar on all three study days. One can conclude that, under these study conditions, cimetidine had no effect on the alcohol metabolism and blood concentration. Correlation between blood alcohol levels and degree of intoxication showed a significant linear relationship. PMID- 6541496 TI - Sex and strain related effects of melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophol on open field behaviour in paired mice. AB - The effects of two methoxyindoles, melatonin (MEL) and 5-methoxytryptophol (5 MTL), on partner investigation and other aspects of pair behaviour in the open field, were observed on male and female mice of the albino TO, and the pigmented C57BL/6 strains. Both indole derivatives are major secretory products of rodent (and human) pineal glands. They were administered by i.p. injection (100 micrograms/kg) to both members of the pair 1 h before each 10 min open field exposure. The testing took place on 3 consecutive days. There were no significant differences in behaviour over days, and group means were used in subsequent data analysis (MANOVA and Dunnet's test). Males, more socially active than the females in both strains, responded to MEL by a reduction in contact time; 5-MTL had the same effect on C57 males (TO males showed no change). Females, on the other hand, did not respond to MEL, and increased their social contact seeking after 5-MTL. There was no consistent effect of either indole on locomotion, and erratic (TO strain only) effects on defaecation. The data are discussed in terms of possible actions of pineal indoles on determinants of social behaviour. PMID- 6541497 TI - Alleviation of response suppression to conditioned aversive stimuli by lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. AB - Rats with neurotoxic lesions of the dorsal ascending noradrenergic bundle (DB) were compared with sham-operated (SH) controls on the acquisition, steady state and extinction of response suppression maintained by a classical (conditioned suppression) or an instrumental (discriminated punishment) contingency. DB lesions interfered neither with the acquisition of the reference response of sucrose-rewarded barpressing nor with unconditioned responding to the overhead flashing light subsequently used as a signal of shock. The acquisition of discriminated response suppression was also unaffected by the lesion under both types of contingency. However, once discriminated suppression had stabilized, both the conditioned and the discriminative stimulus used were significantly less effective in maintaining suppression in DB animals than in SH controls provided that low intensity footshock (0.2 mA) was used as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Upon increase of UCS intensity (to 0.5 mA) normal suppression was observed in the DB group under both contingencies. Extinction of the classical contingency reinstated the difference between DB and SH performance: DB lesion resulted in significantly faster extinction of fear. In contrast, extinction of the discriminated punishment contingency was unaffected by the lesion, although generalized response suppression dissipated faster in the DB than in the SH animals trained under this condition. Our results offer no support for the reinforcement hypothesis of DB function (normal acquisition of barpressing and of discriminated suppression of barpressing); mixed support (greater initial generalization of suppression in DB animals) and contradiction (more rapid extinction of conditioned suppression in DB animals) for the attentional hypothesis; and weak support (reduced suppression and more rapid extinction of suppression in DB animals, but only within limited experimental parameters) for the anxiety hypothesis of DB function. Hence none of the extant theories of DB function offer a ready explanation of the pattern of results presented here. A simple interpretation which conforms with the sparsity of positive behavioural findings in the literature on DB lesions is that forebrain noradrenaline contributes to the detection and utilization of conditioned stimuli; but that this contribution is critical only for the detection of stimuli with low associative strength. PMID- 6541498 TI - An early and a late developing system for learning and retention in infant monkeys. AB - On the evidence that memory formation and habit formation represent two qualitatively different learning processes based on separate neural mechanisms, the functional development of these two processes was followed ontogenetically. Separate groups of rhesus monkeys of different ages were tested in delayed nonmatching-to-sample and 24-hr concurrent discrimination learning, considered to be measures of recognition memory and discrimination habit formation, respectively. The youngest group of infant monkeys failed to learn the nonmatching task until they were approximately 4 months old. With further maturation, learning ability on this task gradually improved, yet it did not reach adult levels of proficiency even at 1 year of age. Postlearning evaluation with long delays and lists confirmed this slow ontogenetic development of recognition memory to adult levels of function. By contrast, infant monkeys 3-4 months old learned to discriminate long lists of object-pairs about as quickly as adult monkeys despite the use of 24-hr intertrial intervals. This striking dissociation in the ability of infants on the two tasks closely resembles the dissociation first found in adult monkeys rendered amnesic by limbic lesions. The results suggest that whereas the nonlimbic habit system matures early in infancy, the limbic-dependent memory system develops only slowly. PMID- 6541499 TI - Exposure to uncontrollable stress alters withdrawal from morphine. AB - Prior exposure to uncontrollable stress potentiates morphine analgesia. This study was designed to examine the influence of the controllability/uncontrollability of shock as a stressor on the severity of subsequent morphine withdrawal. In Experiment 1, rats that received two daily sessions of 80 yoked-inescapable shocks, in contrast to those given 80 escapable shocks or restrained without shock, showed an enhanced series of correlated withdrawal behaviors (i.e., mouthing, teeth chattering, and head/body shakes) 24 hr later when injected with morphine (5 mg/kg) followed by a naloxone (5 mg/kg) challenge. In Experiment 2, this finding was replicated with escape-yoked restrained groups of rats given saline injections during the pretreatment phase, but the impact that only inescapable shock had on later precipitated withdrawal was completely blocked when subjects were administered naltrexone (14 mg/kg) before each shock session. These findings are discussed in terms of the capability of inescapable shock to activate an endogenous opiate system(s) and thereby lead to a sensitization of release or receptor processes which could potentiate later morphine withdrawal. PMID- 6541500 TI - Behavioral thermoregulation, core temperature, and motor activity: simultaneous quantitative assessment in rats after dopamine and prostaglandin E1. AB - These studies were designed to determine the dose-response autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory effects and the motor effects of dopamine (DA) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) injected into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rats. These studies were made possible with a computer-controlled thermocline that permits freely moving rats to select preferred ambient temperatures ranging between 7 and 39 degrees C. All rats were studied with the thermocline gradient both on and off to control for nonspecific effects. PGE1 (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 micrograms) produced a dose-related increase in core temperature and produced a dose-related selection of warmer ambient temperatures. Dopamine (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 micrograms) produced a dose-related hypothermia and cold-seeking behavior. Without the gradient, DA-injected rats did not become as hypothermic as in the gradient-on condition. When the gradient was available, rats showed a significant rebound increase in core temperature 50-80 min after DA which did not occur when the gradient was off. Overall, DA induced increases in motor activity, but, during the first 10 min after injection while the gradient was on, the rats made stable selections of cool ambient temperatures and showed reduced activity. Conversely, the behavioral effect of PGE1 did not facilitate the autonomically mediated heat gain. These results emphasize the necessity of creating behavioral options for animals in order to fully evaluate drug effects on thermoregulation. PMID- 6541501 TI - Emergence of displacement activities in the male rat following thwarting of sexual behavior. AB - The present study revealed the emergence of displacement drinking and hindlimb scratching in noncopulating castrated male rats and in rats with medial preoptic (mPOA) lesions in tests with sexually attractive stimulus females. By contrast, sexually quiescent rats in the postejaculatory refractory period showed no evidence of displacement activity, and anestrous female rats displayed only moderate increments in drinking and scratching, compared with copulating estrous females. In both castrated and mPOA-lesion males, the amount of displacement activity was inversely related to strength of masculine sexual behavior, and in the former, displacement behavior was entirely suppressed by the subcutaneous implantation of a testosterone-filled Silastic capsule. When no stimulus female was present, no difference in drinking and scratching by control, castrated, and mPOA-lesion individuals could be discerned. Sexually inactive females elicited less displacement activity in castrated rats than did females in estrus. On the other hand, unreceptive stimulus females frequently elicited displacement behaviors in normal sexually active males. The results are discussed in relation to current concepts of the psychological organization of masculine sexual behavior, and it is suggested that the emergence of displacement behavior in castrated and mPOA-lesion males, and in normal males paired with anestrous females, may be due to the thwarting of sexual motivation. PMID- 6541502 TI - Home nebulizers in severe chronic asthma. AB - Twenty-four outpatients who continued to have severe chronic asthma despite attending a chest clinic were studied. All were already using inhaled beta agonists from a pressurized aerosol and regular inhaled corticosteroids. Nineteen were on long-term oral corticosteroids. Comparison was made between their symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) during 4 weeks on their usual treatment and the following month when they were also given 5 mg terbutaline night and morning by nebulizer. During the second month the symptom score for nocturnal asthma improved by 30% (P less than 0.01), for daytime wheeze by 23% (P less than 0.025) and shortness of breath by 15% (P less than 0.01). The prebronchodilator morning and evening PEFR increased by 8% (P less than 0.025) and 10% (P less than 0.01) respectively. A dose-response study with inhaled terbutaline in six patients before and after 4 weeks of nebulizer treatment showed no evidence of a decline in response. Home nebulizers produced considerable overall improvement. Because of variations in individual responses a monitored trial of the type which we have used is desirable before a decision is made on long-term treatment. PMID- 6541503 TI - Serum levels of unbound 17 beta-oestradiol during oral and percutaneous postmenopausal replacement therapy. AB - The metabolic effects of oestrogen therapy are influenced by the route of administration. Compared with oral treatment, percutaneous administration may have theoretical advantages with respect to liver metabolism, but there are also potential disadvantages related to the specific kinetics of this route. The increase of SHBG binding capacity is much less pronounced, which might result in excess amounts of unbound, biologically-active steroid during therapy. The serum concentrations of unbound 17 beta-oestradiol were calculated in two groups of postmenopausal women during replacement therapy with equivalent amounts of oral and percutaneous oestrogen. A highly significant and quite similar increase of the free fraction as well as in total 17 beta-oestradiol was found in both groups of women, in spite of the fact that SHBG binding capacity was unchanged during percutaneous therapy. Albumin binding and the total serum concentration of 17 beta-oestradiol were found to be more important for the regulation of unbound steroid concentration than variations in SHBG binding capacity. In conclusion, there was no evidence that percutaneous administration per se would carry an increased risk of over-treatment. PMID- 6541504 TI - Homology of the gamma subunit of phosphorylase b kinase with cAMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the catalytic subunit (gamma subunit) of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase b kinase was determined. The gamma subunit was purified by gel filtration in acidic 8 M urea after reduction and S carboxymethylation in 7 M guanidine hydrochloride. Cleavage of the gamma subunit at arginyl bonds gave a complete set of nonoverlapping peptides. Overlapping peptides were obtained by cleavage at methionyl, tryptophanyl, or glutamyl bonds and by selected subdigestion of two large peptides obtained by cleavage at methionyl bonds. Sequence analysis established that the protein contains 386 residues corresponding to a molecular weight (Mr) of 44673. Comparison of the gamma subunit with the catalytic subunit of bovine cAMP-dependent protein kinase and with tyrosine-specific kinases of viral origin revealed a significant degree of sequence identity among all of these proteins. These data suggest that calcium dependent protein kinases may share a common ancestral gene and a common structural basis for catalytic function with a wide variety of other protein kinases which respond to different signals and control quite different processes. PMID- 6541505 TI - Characterization and solubilization of the cytochalasin B binding component from human placental microsomes. AB - Human placental microsomes exhibit uptake of D-[3H]glucose which is sensitive to inhibition by cytochalasin B (apparent Ki = 0.78 microM). Characterization of [3H]cytochalasin B binding to these membranes reveals a glucose-sensitive site, inhibited by D-glucose with an ED50 = 40 mM. The glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding site is found to have a Kd = 0.15 microM by analysis according to Scatchard. Solubilization with octylglucoside extracts 60-70% of the glucose sensitive binding component. Equilibrium dialysis binding of [3H]cytochalasin B to the soluble protein displays a pattern of inhibition by D-glucose similar to that observed for intact membranes, and the measurement of an ED50 = 37.5 mM D glucose confirms the presence of the cytochalasin B binding component, putatively assigned as the glucose transporter. Further evidence is attained by photoaffinity labelling; ultraviolet-sensitive [3H]cytochalasin B incorporation into soluble protein (Mr range 42000-68000) is prevented by the presence of D glucose. An identical photolabelling pattern is observed for incorporation of [3H]cytochalasin B into intact membrane protein, confirming the usefulness of this approach as a means of identifying the presence of the glucose transport protein under several conditions. PMID- 6541506 TI - The gelation kinetics of platelet extracts. AB - The kinetics of the gelation process that occurs upon warming cold platelet extracts were studied using a sensitive rheometer. At micromolar or less free Ca2+ concentrations and in the presence of 1 mM ATP, the gel rigidity curves showed several peaks, indicating that platelet extract proteins went through network assembling/disassembling cycles during gelation. The gelation kinetics were accelerated by increasing the free Ca2+ concentration up to about 2 microM. At 4-15 microM free Ca2+, the gelation cycles were completely abolished except for the first peak. The gelation process became one of monotonically increasing elastic modulus at millimolar free Ca2+ concentrations. Trifluoperazine (50 microM), a calmodulin inhibitor, did not affect gelation at micromolar free Ca2+ concentrations. Except for the first gelation step, which was completed within 5 min after warming, the rest of the gelation process was found to be affected by K+, ATP, cytochalasin E and colchicine. K+ at concentrations higher than 10 mM retarded the gelation kinetics. Extracts prepared with low (0.1 mM) ATP content showed impaired gelation, and this was partially reversed by adding 1 mM ATP, but not 1 mM adenylylimidodiphosphate (p[NH]ppA). Both cytochalasin E (1 microM) and colchicine (1 mM) interfered with the gelation process. PMID- 6541507 TI - Conservation and variation of ribosomal proteins in several species of the cellular slime molds Dictyostelium and Polysphondylium. AB - Genus- and species-specific composition of ribosomal proteins was investigated in four species of the genus Dictyostelium (D. discoideum, D. purpureum, D. murcoroides and D. giganteum) and two species of the genus Polysphondylium (P. pallidum and P. violaceum). Ribosomal proteins were resolved by a high resolution, two-dimensional gel method. In general, the numbers and distributions for the majority of ribosomal proteins were similar within the species of each genus, although some differences were detected. More differences were observed between Dictyostelium and Polysphondylium than among the individual species within each genus. Stage-specific ribosomal proteins previously demonstrated in D. discoideum were found to be developmentally regulated in other Dictyostelium species, and in both Polysphondylium species. The study shows that ribosomal proteins may be a potentially useful new biochemical parameter for the molecular taxonomy of the cellular slime molds. PMID- 6541508 TI - Longitudinal studies of estrous cyclicity in aging C57BL/6J mice: II. Cessation of cyclicity and the duration of persistent vaginal cornification. AB - The of onset of acyclicity and the duration of persistent vaginal cornification (PVC), the predominant postcyclic anovulatory condition, were measured in five cohorts of virgin mice staggered across a 6-yr interval. The average age of cessation of cyclicity varied significantly among cohorts, ranging from 11 to 16 mo of age. Seventy-five percent of the mice entered PVC after ceasing to cycle, the remainder entered directly into a persistent diestrous condition. The duration of PVC, which averaged between 2 and 4 mo, varied markedly among individuals and was inversely related to the age of onset of acyclicity. Consequently, the variance associated with the cessation of cyclicity was about 4 fold greater than that associated with the cessation of PVC. These differing variances suggest that the factors governing ovulatory failure and PVC cessation may differ. PMID- 6541509 TI - Leydig cell function in the absence of an intact Y chromosome. AB - Sex-reversed mice (X/X Sxr) provide a unique opportunity to study Leydig cell function in the absence of an intact Y chromosome. We determined the impact that the absence of an intact Y chromosome has on Leydig cell function by comparing the steroid secretion profiles of in vitro perfused testes from X/X Sxr and X/Y mice. All the testes were maximally stimulated with luteinizing hormone (LH). Nine steroids were extracted from the venous effluent of the in vitro perfused testes and quantified by capillary gas chromatography. A radioimmunoassay was employed to determine the estradiol secretion rate. Secretion rates (ng/h . testis) of seven steroids, including testosterone, did not differ significantly. Testes from X/X Sxr mice secreted more (P less than 0.05) dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione than X/Y mouse testes. Importantly, X/X Sxr and X/Y mouse testes secreted the same total amount of steroids, although X/X Sxr mouse testes weigh 17 mg while X/Y mouse testes weigh 110 mg. Histological studies established an increase in the relative mass of Leydig cells and the complete absence of germ cells in X/X Sxr mouse testes. The results suggest that the normal differentiation of steroidogenic pathways occurs in X/X Sxr mouse tests in the absence of an intact Y chromosome. PMID- 6541510 TI - Genetic and morphometric studies of the heterogeneity in the testicular defect of the Hre rat and the interaction between the Hre and grc genes. AB - This study was undertaken to examine further the behavior of the Hre gene and its interaction with the growth and reproduction complex genes (grc) in the (Hre x BN)F2, Hre x (Hre x BN)F1 and (BIL/1 x Hre) F2 crosses. The blaze characteristic of rats carrying the Hre gene was linked to testicular weight but not to the body weight or to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The Hre defect was genetically unrelated to the testicular defect caused by the grc. The Hre gene had a variable effect on the testes of the rats in different crosses, and it could be categorized into three distinct stages of progressively greater severity. In the cross in which the parents carried the Hre/+ and grc/grc genes, respectively, there was a decreased litter size, an increased male:female ratio in the offspring and poor reproductive performance when compared to a similar cross in which the Hre/+ gene alone was segregating. There was, however, no effect on the severity of the testicular defect. Thus, the grc can interact with the Hre gene to cause embryonic death, which appears to be selective for females, but not to influence the severity of the testicular defect. PMID- 6541511 TI - Some opportunities for biometry in promoting child health in the Third World. AB - The achievement of 'Health for all by the year 2000' will depend on the attention which is given to improving the health of children growing up in the Third-World countries. This paper explores some of the major areas of concern in this field- infant mortality, low birth weight, infant-feeding practices, disease and malnutrition--and indicates some opportunities for the biometrician to contribute to progress towards the target set for the year 2000. PMID- 6541512 TI - Comparison of two enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid preparations by monitoring steady-state levels of salicylic acid and its metabolites in plasma and urine. AB - In a randomized three-way crossover study, 12 healthy male volunteers were given multiple oral doses, i.e. 1.5 g b.i.d. for 7 days, of two different types of enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) preparations, one being a conventional enteric-coated tablet (ET) and the other enteric-coated granules (EG) in a capsule; conventional ASA tablets were used as a reference. Plasma levels and excretion of salicylic acid and some of its metabolites were investigated under steady-state conditions. Plasma salicylic acid (SA) and salicyluric acid (SUA) levels were determined using a liquid chromatographic method. Two separate analyses were done to quantitate the metabolites in urine. SA, SUA, and gentisic acid were each assayed by the method used for plasma. Total salicylate was also determined. There was no significant difference in urinary excretion of total salicylate between the three formulations. A diurnal variation in the excretion of SUA and SA in urine was found. The two enteric-coated formulations provided significantly higher morning plasma concentrations than the conventional aspirin. The AUC was found to be significantly higher for ET than for the other two formulations. EG gave more uniform plasma levels during the studied 12-h intervals and also less inter- and intra-individual variations than ET, indicating that a b.i.d. regimen may be suitable for EG. PMID- 6541513 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the biogenic amine level of the brain and the ethanol kinetics in the blood of inbred C57B1/6 and CBA mice]. AB - The kinetics of ethanol in blood and the levels of serotonin, noradrenaline, and dopamine in the cortex of cerebral hemispheres, hypothalamus, thalamus, and brain stem were studied in male C57C1/6 and CBA mice characterized by predisposition and non-predisposition to the development of experimental alcoholism. C57B1/6 mice characterized by predisposition to the development of experimental alcoholism demonstrated a high level of serotonin and noradrenaline in the hypothalamus and brain stem and high rate of ethanol elimination from the blood. CBA mice non-predisposed to the development of experimental alcoholism were characterized by a low level of serotonin and noradrenaline in the hypothalamus and brain stem and by low rate of ethanol elimination from blood. PMID- 6541514 TI - [Effect of isolation stress on ethanol pharmacodynamics in the blood of rats]. AB - Head space chromatography was used to study the rate of ethanol excretion as criterion of the activity of the ethanol-oxidizing enzymatic system. Isolational stress was shown to be one of the factors determining induction of the ethanol oxidizing erzymatic systems. The isolation-induced activity of these systems was reduced by diazepam administration. This fact may evidence the existence of central regulation of the activity of the enzymatic systems that metabolize ethanol. PMID- 6541515 TI - [Chemotherapy for medullary cancer of the thyroid. Phase II trials with adriamycin and cis-platinum administered as monochemotherapy]. AB - Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare tumor, and patients with distant metastases have a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy efficacity is not well established and we have conducted a phase II trial of monochemotherapy with Adriamycin (ADR) and Cis-platinum (CDDP) in 18 patients. Fourteen MTC have been treated by ADR, the dose was 60 mg/m2 every 4 weeks. The mean number of administration has been 5.3. The results have been: 1 complete response (6 months), 1 partial response (36 months), 1 minor response, 4 stabilisations and 6 failures. The overall responses rate has been 15 per cent and the toxicity has been low. Fourteen MTC have been treated by CDDP. Ten patients had been treated before with ADR. The dose of CDDP was 90 mg/m2 in two hours perfusion with hyperhydration administered every 4 weeks. The mean number of treatment has been 5. The results have been: 1 complete response (9 months), 2 partial responses (16 and 48 months), 4 stabilisations and 7 failures. The overall responses rate has been 21 per cent. In conclusion, ADR and CDDP have some, but limited, efficiency in treatment of metastatic MTC. The effect of their association must be evaluated. PMID- 6541516 TI - Effects of reduced pH on three life stages of Sunapee char Salvelinus alpinus. PMID- 6541517 TI - Effect of pertussis toxin on normorphine-dependence and on acute inhibitory effects of normorphine and clonidine in guinea-pig isolated ileum. AB - In guinea-pig isolated ileum from animals pretreated with Pertussis toxin, the acute inhibitory effects of normorphine and clonidine on electrically induced contractions were markedly attenuated whilst responses to acetylcholine and electrical stimulation were unaltered. Pertussis toxin treatment also reduced naloxone-precipitated withdrawal contractures in normorphine-dependent tissues. These results suggest that the acute and chronic effects of normorphine are mediated by the same mechanism, namely that of adenylate cyclase inhibition. PMID- 6541518 TI - Effects of shearing on the reproductive activity and plasma prolactin levels of Dorset ewes. PMID- 6541519 TI - Reproductive activity of poll Dorset ewes following shearing in January. PMID- 6541521 TI - Unusual side effects of clomipramine associated with yawning. PMID- 6541520 TI - An analysis of the mechanisms underlying septal area control of hypothalamically elicited aggression in the cat. AB - This experiment was performed in order to examine several of the underlying mechanisms by which the septal area and adjacent regions regulate quiet biting attack behavior elicited from electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus in the cat. The results clearly indicate that stimulation of the septal area and anterior cingulate gyrus increased the latency for the occurrence of quiet biting attack behavior. Those sites within the septal area from which inhibition of attack can be produced are linked to sensory mechanisms associated with trigeminal reflexes activated during hypothalamic stimulation. Stimulation of these septal area sites decreased the lateral extent of the 'effective sensory fields' of the lipline established during hypothalamic stimulation, but did not appear to have any affect upon the latency of the hypothalamically elicited jaw opening response. Deoxyglucose autoradiography revealed that the inhibition resulting from stimulation of the lateral septal area may be due to either the monosynaptic activation of the lateral hypothalamus or the disynaptic activation of this area utilizing a circuit involving the nuclei of the diagonal band of Broca. PMID- 6541522 TI - Re: R. H. Earhart et al. Improvement in the therapeutic index of cisplatin (NSC 119875) by pharmacologically induced chloruresis in the rat. PMID- 6541523 TI - [Thoughts on the prevention of cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6541524 TI - Protein substrate specificity of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase isolated from bovine heart. AB - The protein substrate specificity of a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity from the cytosolic fraction of bovine heart was examined. Prior to the experiments, the kinase activity was purified more than 50-fold with a recovery of greater than 10% of the homogenate activity. Two endogenous protein substrates of molecular weight 57,000 and 73,000 were phosphorylated in these kinase preparations. The kinase preparation was also able to phosphorylate exogenous synapsin, phospholamban, glycogen synthase, MAP-2, myelin basic proteins and kappa-casein, but not tubulin, pyruvate kinase, the regulatory subunit of cAMP protein kinase II, myosin light chain or phosphorylase b. High levels of calmodulin were required for activation of the kinase activity toward the 57,000 and 73,000 molecular weight endogenous substrates (K0.5 = 93 +/- 5 nM), glycogen synthase (K0.5 = 127 +/- 10 nM), and kappa-casein (K0.5 = 321 +/- 107 nM). The kinase possessed a high affinity for glycogen synthase (half maximal activity at 0.9 +/- 0.4 microM) but a low affinity for kappa-casein (21 +/- 2 microM). Sucrose density gradient centrifugation separated the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity into two fractions with apparent molecular weights of approximately 900,000 and 100,000. Both fractions phosphorylated the endogenous 57,000 molecular weight substrate and glycogen synthase similarly. These results indicate that cardiac calmodulin-dependent protein kinase previously observed to phosphorylate endogenous protein substrate possesses a wide range of substrate specificity. PMID- 6541525 TI - Does calmodulin play a role in the regulation of cardiac sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase activity? AB - The recent suggestion that calmodulin (CaM) could mediate calcium inhibition of cardiac adenylate cyclase (AC) has been reassessed. Using a purified sarcolemmal preparation (SL), the influence of different concentrations of free Ca2+ (obtained using Ca2+-EGTA solutions) was studied on dog heart AC. From 10(-9) M to 10(-3) M Ca2+ reduced basal activity, as well as epinephrine (10(-4) M)- and trypsin (1.0 microgram/mL)-stimulated activities with, in the three cases, an identical IC50 of 10(-8) M. The amount of endogenous CaM in the SL, measured using a radioimmunoassay technique, was found to be 7.5 ng/mg protein. The resulting concentration of CaM in the final AC incubation medium was lower than 50 pM, indicating the lack of a significant role for endogenous CaM in the inhibition observed. The addition of exogenous CaM to the AC assay at a concentration sufficient to stimulate other CaM-dependent systems did not modify the Ca2+ inhibitory curves for basal, epinephrine (10(-4) M)-stimulated, or trypsin (1 microgram/mL)-stimulated activities. These results indicate that CaM does not play a significant role in the Ca2+ inhibition of cardiac AC and that trypsin stimulation of cardiac AC is not mediated through a CaM-dependent process. PMID- 6541526 TI - Affinity and distribution of subpopulations of antibody-producing cells in protein-restricted C57BL/6 mice. AB - To study the effect of protein restriction on the affinity of antibodies produced by plaque-forming cells (PFC), C57BL/6 mice were fed diets containing 4% (R4%), 8% (R8%), or 27% (N) casein for 2 (short-term) or 12 (long-term) weeks and immunized with dinitrophenyl (DNP) bovine gamma-globulin in complete Freund's adjuvant. Affinity was assessed by inhibition of plaque formation in the presence of free hapten. Anti-DNP PFC per 10(7) spleen cells were not diminished in short- and long-term R8% mice, and were increased in the former group at certain times after immunization. Affinity of indirect PFC was increased at Days 14 and 21 after immunization in short-term R8% mice and at Day 7 in R4% mice, and was similar in long-term R8% and N animals. No limitation in the heterogeneity of PFC affinities was observed in the restricted groups. Short-term restricted mice showed a rise of the high-affinity PFC subpopulation. The number of mice with hapten-augmentable PFC was diminished in the short-term R8% group at 7 days after immunization and in long-term restricted mice at 14 days, suggesting depressed levels of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies in protein restriction. PMID- 6541527 TI - Angiotensin II stimulation of granuloma macrophage phagocytosis and actin polymerization in murine schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - In murine schistosomiasis, components of the renin-angiotensin system are present in isolated liver granulomas. Furthermore, granuloma macrophages have receptors for angiotensin II (AII). These observations with other evidence suggest that angiotensins function in immunoregulation. Since AII can stimulate actin-myosin interactions and since macrophages have contractile proteins, it was determined whether AII could alter the phagocytic activity of granuloma macrophages. AII, at concentrations which saturate AII receptors, enhanced phagocytic activity for both unopsonized and opsonized sheep red blood cells (RBC). Using a DNase inhibitory assay, it was also shown that similar concentrations of AII stimulated intracellular actin polymerization. Cytochalasin B, which impedes actin filament interactions, inhibited AII-stimulated phagocytosis. AII analogs, with little known agonist activity, blocked AII-stimulated actin polymerization and phagocytosis of RBC and RBC opsonized with IgG. These data support the contention that AII binds to AII receptors on the macrophage and stimulates phagocytosis possibly through polymerization of intracellular actin. PMID- 6541528 TI - [Incidence and clinical study of dysfunctional bleeding in the preclimacteric and climacteric]. PMID- 6541529 TI - [Comprehensive therapy of choriocarcinomas]. PMID- 6541530 TI - Reactivity of lectin from Xenopus laevis eggs towards tumor cells and human erythrocytes. PMID- 6541531 TI - [Adiaspiromycosis in small wild mammals caught in Tunisia]. AB - The authors examine the lungs of 125 small mammals caught in different provinces of Tunisia and belonging to 12 species; 4 Apodemus sylvaticus, 1 Mus spretus and 1 Crocidura russula possess one adiaspore of Emmonsia crescens = Chrysosporium parvum or more hundred. They find adiaspiromycosis only in damp biotopes. PMID- 6541532 TI - Methotrexate-related deaths in patients previously treated with cis diamminedichloride platinum. AB - Among 106 patients treated with conventional-dose methotrexate (MTX) following prior therapy with cis-diamminedichloride platinum (CDDP), six died with clinical manifestations of MTX toxicity. Death occurred 6-13 days after the administration of 20-50 mg/m2 MTX. Toxicity included severe stomatitis and myelosuppression, which appeared in all six patients, skin rash in five, and diarrhea in four. Renal failure appeared in five cases and hepatic toxicity in four. All these patients had received MTX earlier without developing any serious toxicity. At the time of the last MTX administration, all had normal blood counts and also normal kidney and liver function tests. Prior therapy with CDDP may be responsible for this relatively high incidence of MTX-related deaths. PMID- 6541533 TI - Improved control of cisplatin-induced emesis with a metoclopramide-dexamethasone combination. AB - Twenty-four patients receiving combination chemotherapy including cisplatin at a dosage of 50 mg/m2 were entered on this antiemetic randomized open cross-over study. High-dose dexamethasone (DXM) (regimen A) was compared with the combination of DXM and high doses of metoclopramide (MCP) (regimen B). Five patients (20%) treated with regimen A and 13 (54%) treated with regimen B suffered neither nausea nor vomiting (P less than 0.05). Regimen B was found to be significantly more effective than regimen A for all the parameters of evaluation considered. No severe side-effects were observed. PMID- 6541534 TI - Two direct (nonchromatographic) assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D. AB - We describe direct, nonchromatographic assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in which we use either rat vitamin D-binding protein or rabbit antibodies to 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-3-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin as binding protein. Nonspecific interferences in serum could be eliminated by an appropriate extraction method or in obtaining data for the calibration curve, by using vitamin D-free human serum. The latter is prepared by affinity chromatography with use of immobilized antibodies against human vitamin D-binding protein. Values obtained by the direct assays and those obtained by two different chromatographic methods correlated well (r greater than 0.95). The direct competitive protein-binding assay overestimated the true 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 concentration by about 20%, but this percentage was constant from 5 to 600 micrograms/L. Overestimation by the direct radioimmunoassay was less than 10%. These two direct assays for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 allow reliable, rapid, and simple screening for vitamin D deficiency or excess. PMID- 6541535 TI - Concentrations of transthyretin (prealbumin) and retinol-binding protein in alcoholics during alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 6541536 TI - A simple spectrophotometric assay of plasminogen activator: comparison with the fibrinolytic method. AB - We describe a simple assay of plasminogen activator in which the enzyme reacts with a mixture of plasminogen and H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-lysine-p-nitroanilide for 1 h at 37 degrees C after which the absorbance is measured at 405 nm. The method detects as little as 2 CTA milliunits of activator and is linear over a 100-fold range of enzyme concentration. The new procedure has been used successfully for the assay of activator in breast tumor cytosols, cell culture supernatants, and pleural or ascitic fluids. Thirty-two biological samples have been assayed for plasminogen activator activity with both the spectrophotometric method and a classical fibrinolytic technique using radiolabeled fibrin. Although the two series of results are significantly correlated, the activities measured with the former assay are significantly different from those determined with the latter. It is shown that the spectrophotometric method is, in many respects, superior to the fibrinolytic procedure. PMID- 6541537 TI - Medical management of chronic mucosal otitis media. PMID- 6541538 TI - Detection of a diurnal rhythm in arterial blood pressure in the evaluation of 24 hour antihypertensive therapy. AB - Uncertainty in defining hypertensive disease makes a prolonged study of blood pressure pattern necessary, using continuous or semicontinuous blood pressure recordings. Its pathophysiological meaning involves data sufficiently indicative of blood pressure profile with reference to the continuous stimulations of different intensity and duration, which are met by subjects both in their daily activities and in the passage from an active life to sleep. Such a parameter is, in fact, an indispensable premise for a correct course of therapy. The aim of our work was at first the detection of a diurnal rhythm in blood pressure, using data obtained in a 24-h ambulatory monitoring away from the conditioning of different activities and daily routine. We have employed three groups of 34 males each. The first group consisted of hypertensive outpatients, while hospitalized subjects comprised the second group. The third group was composed of normal subjects. Furthermore, after finding this system productive, we started studying whether this rhythm of blood pressure could be modified under the influence of a single administered drug dose, and whether information obtained could be easily interpreted. We studied 12 male patients with essential hypertension, which had been untreated. Each patient underwent three 24-h blood pressure ambulatory monitorings. Two different doses of nifedipine (10 and 20 mg) were randomly administered to each of the patients at the beginning of the second and third readings. We observed a significant fall in systolic blood pressure and a minor decrease in diastolic blood pressure after administration of a single 10 mg nifedipine tablet. PMID- 6541539 TI - Risk factors associated with the occurrence of preterm birth. AB - Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated associations between preterm birth and several biologic, behavioral, and social factors. However, preterm birth as a phenomenon has not changed very much over time, and the differences between populations are not as great as one would expect, if one takes into account the vast differences in the occurrence of the known risk factors. The implication is that knowledge about some of the most significant risk variables is still lacking. Hence, there is a need to collect more detailed information, particularly on behavioral and social variables, which may indicate new risk factors. In addition, well-designed intervention studies may provide new insights into cause-and-effect relationships with regard to preterm birth. A number of such studies have recently been designed and have begun collecting data. An increased understanding of the etiology of preterm birth will undoubtedly result from these clinical trials and related research efforts. The development of some effective means to prevent or reduce the occurrence of preterm delivery with its associated high risk for perinatal mortality will depend upon the successful conduct and completion of these intervention studies. PMID- 6541540 TI - Delivery room management of the low birth weight infant. PMID- 6541541 TI - Sexual function and the menopause. PMID- 6541542 TI - Subcapsular bile leak following percutaneous drainage. AB - The authors describe the scintigraphic appearance of a case of subcapsular biliary leak. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals is employed primarily for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and for the demonstration of biliary tract patentcy. This procedure can also provide functional and morphologic information for evaluation of biliary tract trauma. PMID- 6541543 TI - Emergence of resistance to aztreonam. PMID- 6541544 TI - Metoclopramide-induced hypertensive crisis. PMID- 6541545 TI - Diabetic microangiopathy, a factor enhancing the functional significance of peripheral occlusive arteriosclerotic disease. PMID- 6541546 TI - Respiratory and circulatory adaptation to isometric and dynamic exercise in chronic lung disease. AB - Changes at the beginning of isometric and dynamic low level exercise were studied in 23 patients with chronic lung disease. Ventilation, oxygen consumption and vascular pressures in systemic and pulmonary circulation were continuously monitored, and cardiac output was measured by thermodilution every minute. Circulatory changes took place suddenly at the beginning of isometric exercise and gradually during dynamic exercise. Ventilatory changes followed almost the same progressive pattern in both types of exercise. Ventilation increase in relation to oxygen uptake was slightly smaller during isometric exercise. Pulmonary artery pressure showed no further increase after the initial change, although ventilation was still rising. PMID- 6541547 TI - Ventilatory effects of biceps vibration during leg exercise in healthy humans. AB - The ventilatory effects of biceps tendon vibration were studied in healthy human subjects at rest and at two levels of light leg exercise. This was performed with intent to add the ventilatory effects of selective stimulation of muscle spindles to nervous and humoral respiratory inputs from contracting muscles. Tendon vibration performed in individuals at rest elicited a marked increase in respiratory frequency and in the ratio between inspiratory time and total breath duration with variable changes in tidal volume; this was in agreement with previous results (Jammes et al., 1981). When stimulation of biceps proprioceptors was performed during steady state exercise, the changes in ventilatory timing were attenuated, but variations in tidal volume often occurred. These results suggest that, when respiratory centers are being entrained by performance of work, further activation of muscle receptors exerts complex effects on the breathing pattern with a lack of facilitatory influences in ventilation and gas exchange. PMID- 6541548 TI - Pedal blood flow and transcutaneous PO2 in normal subjects and in patients suffering from severe arterial occlusive disease. AB - Pedal transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (tcPO2) has been measured by polarographic method, heating the skin at 44 degrees C. In 50 normal subjects, mean tcPO2 measured 54.5 +/- 7 mmHg. Among 43 patients suffering from chronic ischaemia of lower limbs, mean tcPO2 measured 40.8 +/- 8 mmHg in patients with from claudication and 16.1 +/- 15 mmHg in patients suffering from rest pain and/or gangrene. The variability of repeated tcPO2 measurements, expressed as 1 SD of the mean, was 4.5 mmHg in normal subjects and 2.9 mmHg in patients. The relationships between pedal subcutaneous blood flow measured in xenon-133 clearance method and pedal tcPO2 have been studied in nine normal subjects and in five patients suffering from severe chronic ischaemia of lower limbs (rest pain and/or gangrene). There was a positive correlation between blood flow and tcPO2 in normal subjects (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001). In patients suffering from severe ischaemia, there was no correlation between these two parameters, but measured blood flow was sometimes very high in areas where tcPO2 was low. It is likely that 133Xe clearance method considerably overestimates local blood flow in these patients, because there is considerably less fat in subcutaneous tissue of chronic severely ischaemic areas. Thus, partition coefficient should be determined in each patient. However, tcPO2 may constitute an index of nutritional circulation, while 133Xe clearance actually measures total subcutaneous blood flow. PMID- 6541549 TI - A simplified evaluation of vital capillary microscopy for predicting skin viability in patients with severe arterial insufficiency. AB - In the present study the predictive value of a simplified VCM (Vital Capillary Microscopy) classification in assessing the development of skin necrosis was investigated in 69 patients with severe peripheral arterial obliterative disease (AOD) of the leg. The arterial circulation of the foot was evaluated by systolic blood pressure (SBPt). The structure and blood filling of the skin capillaries of all toes and forefeet were evaluated by an ordinary stereo-microscope at a magnification of 10 to 40 times. A three stage classification was used for evaluating the nutritive skin capillaries: Stage A, B and C. The individual patient was classified according to the worst stage found in the foot. The predictive value for the SBPt measurements with regard to the development of skin necrosis was for the best group (21-30 mmHg) 6%, for the middle group (11-20 mmHg) 58% and for the worst group (0-10 mmHg) 56%. The predictive values for the VCM Stages A, B and C were 5, 16 and 93% respectively. The sensitivity with the borderline between Stage A and B + C was 97% and the specificity 53%. With the borderline between stage A + B and C the sensitivity and specificity became 87% and 95% respectively. It may be concluded that the VCM classification with three stages used in the present study seems to be very useful for predicting the risk of skin necrosis in patients with severe AOD. PMID- 6541550 TI - Evaluation of the transcutaneous oxygen method used at 37 degrees C for measurement of reactive hyperaemia in the skin. AB - The transcutaneous oxygen electrode used at an electrode temperature of 35-37 degrees C measures changes in PO2 at the skin surface that are mainly determined by changes in skin blood flow. Simultaneously, information about tissue PO2 in a defined skin area can be obtained by calculation. The reproducibility of this new application of the transcutaneous PO2 technique and factors influencing the recordings were analysed. Reactive hyperaemia was best recorded at 37 degrees C, where the coefficient of variation (CV) was 14% and the correlation coefficient was 0.90 between duplicate measurements within 15 min (n = 57). The day-to-day variation was greater (CV 19-28%). No significant spatial differences in reactive hyperaemia were noted when the distance between the electrodes was no more than 3 cm on the same forearm. A slightly lower reactive hyperaemia was noted when the arm with the electrode was elevated above the level of the heart, as compared with a lower position. Age and sex had significant influence, children (n = 34) exhibiting a greater postocclusive peak tcPO2 response than adults (n = 67). In adults, females (n = 30) showed significantly higher peak tcPO2 values during reactive hyperaemia than males. This method is a new application of the tcPO2 technique and can be used as a noninvasive tool for simultaneous blood flow and tissue PO2 studies in microcirculatory research. PMID- 6541551 TI - Myocardial glutamate and alanine exchanges related to carbohydrate metabolism in patients with normal and stenotic coronary arteries. AB - Myocardial exchanges of glutamate, alanine, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids (FFA) and oxygen in resting state were determined in nine subjects (controls) without and in 28 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAD showed increased myocardial glutamate uptake (2.51 +/- 0.60 mumol/min) and alanine release (1.25 +/- 0.60 mumol/min) compared to controls (glutamate uptake: 1.66 +/- 0.79 mumol/min; alanine release: 0.63 +/- 0.41 mumol/min). Myocardial glucose and lactate uptake was augmented in CAD patients, whereas FFA arteriovenous differences were decreased in patients with three-vessel-disease. The amount of glutamate taken up by the heart correlated positively to lactate uptake in all subjects (r = 0.84) and to external glucose utilization in patients with CAD (r = 0.72). Myocardial alanine release was positively related to glucose and lactate uptake in controls and in patients with only moderate CAD (one-vessel disease). Glucose and FFA uptake correlated inversely in controls (r = 0.84), but not in CAD patients. A tight relation between exchanges of glutamate/alanine and carbohydrate metabolism in human heart is demonstrated. The data suggest altered myocardial substrate exchange towards augmented carbohydrate utilization in CAD patients in resting state. The results agree with in vitro and animal studies suggesting extraction of glutamate from the circulation to be of importance for maintaining carbohydrate consumption in chronic ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6541552 TI - Response of plasma arginine vasopressin levels to rapid changes in altitude. AB - Plasma arginine vasopressin levels were studied in 15 normal working men exposed at 4-day intervals to a rapid increase or decrease in altitude of 2000 m. Plasma arginine vasopressin levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) at the higher altitude though plasma osmolality did not change. It is concluded that the important diuresis known to physiologically occur in response to high altitude may be related to a decrease in antidiuretic hormone release. PMID- 6541553 TI - Effect of two different preparations of somatostatin on intra-portal pressure in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - Somatostatin has been found by most authors to reduce splanchnic blood flow and hepatic venous wedge pressure. High success rates in treating oesophageal varicose bleeding have been reported by some authors, while others have been unable to confirm these findings. A reason for the discrepancies might be that different preparations of somatostatin were used. Consequently, two preparations of somatostatin were administered to three cirrhotic patients as 60-min infusions at a dosage of 250 micrograms/h. The intra-portal pressure was measured before and during the infusions and found to be unaffected by both preparations. The findings suggest that previously demonstrated reductions in portal pressure may have been of brief duration, possibly due to vascular autoregulation. PMID- 6541554 TI - Distribution of hypertrophy in obstructive and non-obstructive types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - 70 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined by one-dimensional, two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography. According to the degree and distribution of hypertrophy in left ventricular (LV) short axis views, the findings were divided into 5 types. In type I, hypertrophy affected only the interventricular septum (10 patients, i.e. 14.2%). In type II, hypertrophy involved besides the septum, also the LV anterior wall (type IIa-26 patients; 37.1%) or lateral wall (type IIb-21 patients; 30.0%). Type III included patients with hypertrophy of the LV posterior wall (3 patients; 4.3%). Six patients (8.5%) had a distinct hypertrophy of the whole apical part of the LV and septum (type IV). Type V was represented by concentric hypertrophy of the LV and septum (4 patients; 5.7%). Hypertrophy of the right ventricular myocardium was found in 6 patients. PMID- 6541555 TI - Plasma lipid levels and heart lipoprotein lipase activity in mice under social stress. AB - The study was conducted in mice in order to elucidate whether psycho-social stimulation produced in an interconnecting box system was able to induce alterations in some circulating lipid fractions and in heart lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Two groups of male mice were studied: A--a group isolated in glass jars from weaning to the age of 12-13 weeks and then transferred to the interconnecting box system with a reduced number of female mice, to 26 weeks of age; B--a second group isolated from weaning to 26 weeks of age, as an extremely opposite situation to group A. Control mice were kept in standard cages from weaning to the end of the experiment. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined in blood plasma, and heart LPL activity was determined in small portions of the ventricles. Cholesterol decreased significantly in group A (p less than 0.002) and in group B (p less than 0.05) vs. controls. No alterations were observed either in plasma triglycerides or in LPL activity in either of the two groups. PMID- 6541556 TI - Polygonal arrays of microfilaments in epithelial cells of the intact lens. AB - Polygonal arrays of microfilaments have been discovered to line the inner apical plasma membrane of anterior epithelial cells of the intact rabbit lens. When tangential sections are studied with the electron microscope, the polygonal arrays are seen to consist of central vertices interconnected by rays of filaments. The rays near the cell periphery insert into the lateral plasma membrane. The vertices are spaced about 1 micron apart and appear to be attached to the apical plasma membrane. The polygonal arrays have little depth as judged by stereo-pairs and are incorporated within the dense band of microfilaments seen in cross-section at the epithelio-fiber junction. The diameter of the filaments and their similarity to actin-containing polygonal arrays described by other investigators in cultured cells suggest that these structures contain actin in lens epithelial cells. The function of the polygonal arrays in relation to maintenance of lens shape or to changes in lens shape in accommodation is discussed. PMID- 6541557 TI - The spectrum of cutaneous pseudomalignancy. PMID- 6541558 TI - A twin study of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes following carcinogen exposure and DNA repair incubation. AB - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analyzed in peripheral lymphocytes obtained from nine healthy monozygotic (MZ) and nine healthy dizygotic (DZ) pairs of male twins. In addition, increases in SCE rates following in vitro treatment of whole blood with 100 microM N-acetoxy-2-acethylaminofluorene (NA-AAF), and after an 18-h DNA repair incubation period, were analyzed in the same twins. There was no significant intrapair difference in the variance of SCE frequencies among MZ and DZ twins at the baseline level, after NA-AAF treatment, or after a DNA repair incubation period. It was concluded that genetic factors probably do not contribute significantly to the individual variation that has been observed in baseline or NA-AAF-induced SCE rates. Thus, any observed alterations in SCE frequencies are probably caused by environmental influences. PMID- 6541559 TI - Temporal changes in chromosome abnormality rate in human spontaneous abortions: evidence for an association between sex-chromosome monosomy and trisomy 16. AB - As part of a cytogenetic survey of human spontaneous abortions, the relative frequencies of different categories of chromosome abnormalities were evaluated for possible temporal changes. Three classes of chromosome abnormalities showed significant linear trends; sex-chromosome monosomy and tetraploidy decreased over the study period, while trisomy increased. The increase in trisomy was largely attributable to trisomy 16, which showed a two-fold increase over the duration of the study. The linear increase in trisomy 16 was inversely related to sex chromosome monosomy. This effect was restricted to women over 30 yr of age and was most pronounced among Oriental women. PMID- 6541560 TI - Influence of social variables on the biobehavioral response to separation in rhesus monkey infants. AB - Effects of social stimuli on behavioral and physiological responses to separation were examined in 4-month-old rhesus monkeys. Infants were removed from their social group under 3 counterbalanced conditions: (1) infant totally isolated from its familiar physical and social environment and placed alone in a cage for 4 days; (2) "mother in"--housing the infant in a single cage in front of its social group with mother remaining in the group; (3) "mother out"--similar situation, except that mother was removed from the group during separation. Infant behavior was recorded, and, at selected times during separation, a blood sample was obtained for analysis of plasma cortisol. Infants rarely vocalized when totally isolated, but showed high vocalization and movement in the presence of their social groups. Vocalization was transiently higher in mother-out condition than in mother-in condition. Infants never showed signs of depression. Plasma cortisol response did not differentiate between groups. Animals showed significantly high levels of plasma cortisol 3 hours following separation. These data indicate that the responses of the infant following separation are attempts to produce effective coping responses. The concepts of "protest" and "despair" are discussed as they relate to behavioral differences observed following different separation paradigms. PMID- 6541561 TI - Role of vision in social development in monkeys. AB - 8 stump-tailed macaques were reared individually and either given all of their daily social experience in darkness (dark group) or given half their social experience in the dark and half in the light (controls). The dark group showed almost no aggressive behavior and less play than controls. Later, when all were tested in the light, the dark group were still less aggressive. Controls were less aggressive in the dark than in the light. There was no difference between the two groups in the form of the dominance hierarchy or the strength of preferences for social partners. This suggests that vision is especially important in the maintenance of assertive behaviors and in the instigation and the direction of aggressive behaviors, but relatively less important in other areas of social development. PMID- 6541562 TI - [Participation of microfilaments in oocyte maturation in the clawed toad]. PMID- 6541563 TI - [Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the structure of high-density lipoproteins]. PMID- 6541564 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiogram in the diagnosis of subaortic annular stenosis- report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6541565 TI - Mastoidectomy for chronic serous otitis media. PMID- 6541566 TI - Smokeless tobacco: a risk factor in oral cancer. PMID- 6541567 TI - Reproductive senescence in female C57BL/6J mice: ovarian impairments and neuroendocrine impairments that are partially reversible and delayable by ovariectomy. AB - Ovarian and neuroendocrine impairments were examined before and after the age correlated loss of estrous cycles in C57BL/6J female mice. The role of ovarian secretions in inducing neuroendocrine impairments before and after the loss of estrous cycles was also examined by determining neuroendocrine impairments after prolonged ovariectomy. Young (6-month-old) cycling, middle-aged (12-, 14-, and 16 month-old) cycling or acyclic, and old (18-month-old) acyclic mice were used. Ovarian impairments were assessed by grafting old ovaries into young hosts. Neuroendocrine impairments were assessed by grafting young ovaries into middle aged and old hosts, ovariectomized either at grafting or 2 months before, and by inducing a LH surge in mice that had been ovariectomized for 4 days, 1 month, or 2 months. One group of 16-month-old and one group of 18-month-old mice were also ovariectomized at 6 months of age; these groups were used to examine the steroid induced LH surge. The LH surge was induced by inserting sc a single priming estradiol (E2) implant, followed by two more (surge-inducing) implants 6 days later; 33 h after the second implantation, mice were decapitated (1800 h). The number of estrous cycles supported by middle-aged and old ovaries grafted into young hosts was reduced by more than 90% compared with that in young ovaries. The number of estrous cycles supported by middle-aged and old hosts given young ovarian grafts was reduced by 60% and 90%, respectively, compared with that in young hosts. Middle-aged and old hosts also had progressively longer estrous cycles than young hosts. Levels of the E2-induced LH surge in middle-aged and old mice were also reduced by 60% and 90%, respectively, compared with levels in young mice. In old acyclic mice, ovariectomy for 2 months partially reversed impairments in the LH surge and partially restored the ability to support cycles with young grafts; these functions, normally 90% impaired in old mice, were only 60% impaired after prolonged ovariectomy. Moreover, ovariectomy 2 months before grafting in old hosts resulted in shorter estrous cycles and 60% fewer pituitary adenomas. In middle-aged cycling mice, ovariectomy for 2 months did not affect impairments in the LH surge or in the ability to support estrous cycles with young grafts; these functions remained 60% impaired in middle-aged mice ovariectomized for 2 months. If mice were ovariectomized when young, the age correlated impairments of the E2-induced LH surge at 16 months were largely prevented.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6541568 TI - Effect of frontal hypothalamic deafferentation on photoperiod-induced changes in the secretion of prolactin in the ewe. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to determine the effect of frontal hypothalamic deafferentation (FHD) between the suprachiasmatic-preoptic region and the mediobasal hypothalamus on diurnal, seasonal, and photoperiod-induced changes in PRL secretion in ewes. In Exp 1, intact cycling ewes were subjected to either FHD or sham FHD. They were kept outdoors, and sequential hourly blood samples were taken for either 24 or 36 h during two breeding seasons and one nonbreeding season. Mean plasma PRL concentrations were higher (P less than 0.01) during the nonbreeding season than during the breeding season in both FHD and sham FHD ewes. Although FHD did not block the seasonal changes, it reduced (P less than 0.05) the 24-h mean concentration and diurnal peak concentration during the nonbreeding season. During the breeding seasons, there was no consistent diurnal pattern of PRL concentrations. In Exp 2, ovariectomized ewes were placed in a photochamber. After adaptation to an 8-h light, 16-h dark (8L:16D) photoperiod, they were subjected to either FHD or sham FHD. Sequential hourly blood samples were collected on the last day of exposure to each of three sequential lighting periods (120 days 8L:16D, 90 days 16L:8D, and 90 days 8L:16D). The 24-h mean plasma PRL concentrations were higher (P less than 0.01) after exposure to 16L:8D than after exposure to 8L:16D in both FHD and sham FHD ewes. FHD did not affect the 24-h mean concentrations. In both groups, there was a distinct diurnal pattern of plasma PRL after exposure to 16L:8D, but not after exposure to 8L:16D. FHD did not alter the diurnal pattern, but significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the magnitude of the nocturnal elevation under 16L:8D. In summary, FHD reduced, but did not block, seasonal changes in PRL secretion in intact ewes and did not alter photoperiod-induced changes in 24-h patterns and 24 h mean concentrations of plasma PRL in ovariectomized ewes. These results suggest that direct neural pathways between the supra-chiasmatic-preoptic region and the mediobasal hypothalamus play a relatively minor role in mediating photoperiod induced changes in PRL secretion in sheep. PMID- 6541569 TI - Influence of forskolin on the parathyroid hormone dependent adenylate cyclase system of canine kidney: evidence for noncatalytic effects of forskolin. AB - The present studies examined the effects of forskolin on the PTH responsive adenylate cyclase system of canine basolateral renal cortical membranes. This agent is a potent activator of adenylate cyclase in a wide variety of intact cells and broken cell preparations. Initially forskolin was believed to activate adenylate cyclase by direct stimulation of the catalytic unit of the enzyme. Several observations, however, have suggested that there may be additional noncatalytic sites of action. In the present studies, forskolin was found to increase PTH-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by 4-fold associated with a 2 fold decrease in the Kact for PTH (dose of PTH required for half-maximal enzyme stimulation). Studies of the interaction of forskolin with magnesium revealed that forskolin resulted in a dose dependent increase in the affinity of adenylate cyclase for magnesium. A short lag was observed in the onset of enzyme activation by forskolin. The lag was decreased as Mg++ concentration was increased. The forskolin-induced increase in the affinity for Mg++ was similar to that produced by other activators of adenylate cyclase such as NaF and GTP, which interact with the nucleotide regulatory protein. Magnesium also markedly affected the affinity of the enzyme system for forskolin. Kact for forskolin was reduced from 10 microM to 0.1 microM as Mg++ concentration was raised from 0.5 mM to 40 mM. Since previous studies have shown that the allosteric effects of Mg++ are at, or closely related to, the nucleotide regulatory protein, these findings suggest that forskolin may also affect this site. In summary, in basolateral renal cortical membrane of canine kidney the effects of forskolin to increase the affinity of adenylate cyclase for PTH and to alter the allosteric effects of Mg++ on enzyme activity are indicative of noncatalytic effects of forskolin. The interpretation of action of forskolin on adenylate cyclase activity should not be restricted to direct stimulation of the catalytic unit. PMID- 6541570 TI - Progesterone secretion as affected by 17 beta-estradiol after hysterectomy in the pig. AB - Serum levels of progesterone in hysterectomized gilts were determined to evaluate the effects of exogenous 17 beta-estradiol (17 beta-E2) on the secretory activity of aging corpora lutea. Gilts were hysterectomized on day 6 of the estrous cycle and given im injections of 17 beta-E2 to mimic blood levels of endogenous estrogen during normal pregnancy. Serum progesterone was determined every third or sixth day, and estrone and 17 beta-E2 were measured at 12-day intervals from days 42-192. Progesterone decreased (P less than 0.01) after day 104 in hysterectomized gilts given sesame oil. Exogenous estrogen consistently decreased (P less than 0.02) progesterone secretion during an extended period (days 45-108) in aging corpora lutea of hysterectomized gilts. Abrupt decreases in estrone, 17 beta-E2, and progesterone levels occurred after termination of estrogen injections on day 114. The decrease in the secretion of these steroids in hysterectomized gilts was similar to that observed in previous studies at parturition and during the early postpartum period. Estrogen treatment beyond day 114 inhibits follicular growth and suppresses ovulation, but behavioral estrus was induced during the terminal stages of luteal activity. In the absence of the uterus, aging corpora lutea respond to exogenous estrogen by decreased progesterone secretion, which is similar to that observed during normal pregnancy in the pig. PMID- 6541572 TI - Morphological changes and depressed phagocytic efficiency in Dictyostelium amoebae treated with toxic concentrations of cadmium. AB - The morphology and phagocytic efficiency of Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae exposed to cadmium was investigated at two Cd concentrations: a low toxic concentration--7 X 10(-5) M, and a high toxic concentration--2 X 10(-4) M. Both concentrations inhibited growth completely; however, only in the culture containing a high toxic concentration of cadmium were severe ultrastructural anomalies observed, notably, nucleolar changes and autophagic vacuolar formation. Using biological indices we conclude that the high concentration of cadmium was lethal and that morphological changes associated with this dose of cadmium may be secondary to cell death. In contrast, amoebae treated with a low toxic but nonlethal concentration of Cd showed an altered size distribution of cytoplasmic vacuoles and a decreased phagocytic efficiency. Cultures whose growth was completely inhibited with cobalt were also examined, as were untreated control cultures. By 24 hr Cd-treated amoebae showed a 20% decrease in the cytoplasmic mean-vacuolar diameter and a 69% decrease in phagocytic efficiency whereas Co and untreated controls showed no significant decrease in the cytoplasmic mean vacuolar diameter. Phagocytic efficiency was only slightly diminished by Co. Changes in vacuolar profiles had been shown earlier to be related to membrane utilization in Dictyostelium amoebae. Cd at low toxic concentrations affects membrane function in Dictyostelium amoebae. PMID- 6541571 TI - On the androgen microenvironment of maturing spermatozoa. AB - Adult anesthetized male rats were submitted to in vivo micropuncture of the seminiferous and epididymal tubules and reproductive tract vasculature to obtain fluids for analysis of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and androgen binding protein (ABP). Androgen and ABP concentrations were determined by RIA. The highest concentrations of testosterone (73.14 +/- 5.12 ng/ml) were in testicular interstitial fluid. A significant downhill concentration gradient exists between testosterone concentrations in testicular interstitial fluid and seminiferous tubule fluid (50.24 +/- 2.26 ng/ml); another significant decrease occurs between seminiferous tubule fluid and rete testis fluid (17.85 +/- 2.11 ng/ml). 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone concentrations were highest in intraluminal caput epididymidal fluids (58.73 +/- 6.48 ng/ml) as were ABP concentrations (33.30 +/- 2.40 mu leq/microliter). Intraluminal sperm concentrations were also determined, and from these data, fluid reabsorption by the efferent ducts and epididymal tubules were calculated. Eighty-nine percent of the fluid leaving the testis is reabsorbed between the rete testis and caput epididymidis, and 96% is reabsorbed between rete and cauda. It was calculated that large losses of androgen and ABP also occur from the lumen of the excurrent duct system. These losses may be due to metabolism, diffusion from the lumen, or uptake by cells. PMID- 6541573 TI - Modeling studies of the concurrent growth and neutralization of sulfuric acid aerosols under conditions in the human airways. AB - A kinetic model of coupled droplet growth, gas uptake, and chemical reaction has been used to examine the possible changes to sulfuric acid aerosols as a result of exposure to respiratory ammonia under the conditions in the human airways. Results for a wide range of initial droplet sizes and concentrations spanning the extremes of likely atmospheric conditions are presented. It is predicted that gas phase reactions of SO2 will not significantly affect the neutralizing capability of airways ammonia. The effects of physical and chemical parameters on aerosol neutralization and growth are discussed and in particular, predictions of neutralization in typical inhalation times for aerosols characteristic of severe persistent London fogs and modern urban conditions are compared. The analysis supports the suggestion that the London fog episodes were unique in the relationship of the acid droplets formed to the neutralizing capability of ammonia in the human airways and that simple extrapolation of mortality and morbidity data from such episodes to modern conditions is unlikely to be valid. PMID- 6541574 TI - Micronema deletrix infection in a Shetland pony stallion. PMID- 6541575 TI - Preparation of red-cell-membrane cytoskeletal constituents and characterisation of protein 4.1. AB - A new and rapid method is described for the preparation of protein 4.1, the protein which modulates the interaction between spectrin and actin in the membrane cytoskeleton of the red cell. The method is based on the dissociation of purified membrane cytoskeletons in concentrated Tris at neutral pH, followed by gel filtration in the same medium. This procedure also yields spectrin and actin, as well as the fourth cytoskeletal constituent, protein 4.9, in relatively pure form, and ankyrin. Protein 4.1 is monomeric under our conditions of solvent and protein concentration, with a relative molecular mass, as determined from sedimentation equilibrium, of about 78 000; its sedimentation coefficient and Stokes' radius are those of a globular, though somewhat asymmetric or flexible molecule. It forms a strong complex with F-actin and spectrin. Protein 4.9 is also recovered in active form, and will bind strongly to F-actin. PMID- 6541576 TI - Mauriac's syndrome revisited. AB - A 22 year follow-up of a female with Mauriac syndrome is presented. Despite incomplete growth she had normal, though delayed, sexual development with two successful pregnancies. There is no clinical evidence of degenerative complications. PMID- 6541577 TI - Arteriovenous malformations as a cause of congestive heart failure in the newborn and infant. Three cases with different haemodynamic mechanisms. AB - Three cases of congestive heart failure are presented caused by a cerebral arteriovenous aneurysm, a pulmonary arteriovenous aneurysm and a placental angioma respectively. Such conditions should be borne in mind in otherwise unexplained heart failure in the neonatal period and in infants. The haemodynamic influence of the malformation depends on its anatomy, giving rise to various clinical pictures. PMID- 6541578 TI - Chronic haloperidol administration enhances the gamma-aminobutyric acid level in the rat striatum without altering the glutamate level. AB - A dose-dependent elevation of striatal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level was found under chronic treatment with haloperidol, a classical neuroleptic drug. The unaltered GABA level in the substantia nigra is compatible with the existence of GABAergic interneurons in the striatum, which are inhibited by the afferent dopaminergic innervation to the striatum. The glutamate levels of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and different brain regions investigated were not significantly changed by haloperidol. By contrast, we found in an earlier investigation with sulpiride, an atypical neuroleptic drug, a changed glutamate level in the striatum and the CSF and an unaltered GABA level. These findings may correspond to the different clinical effects of classical and atypical neuroleptics. PMID- 6541580 TI - Do we need new chemosensitive experimental models? PMID- 6541579 TI - [Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system. A clinical study]. AB - In a survey of 46 patients with haemagioblastoma of the CNS (Neurology Dept. University Hamburg, 1950-1980) most (n = 40) were found to have angioblastomas of the cerebellum (Lindau tumors). Of these patients 21 were re-examined in 1983. Headache was the most frequent initial symptom (43%), and within this group one third (10%-15%) had dizziness, sensorymotor deficits and cerebellar gait disturbances. Signs of elevated intracranial pressure much more often led to the correct diagnosis than dizziness or dystaxia. After the introduction of CCT to the diagnostic procedure the combined evaluation of angiography of the vertebral arteries and CCT always permitted the correct diagnosis. The low neurosurgical mortality rate (13.5%) has decreased to 0% within the last decade. No relapses were found in 21 re-examinations including CCT and EOG compared to a frequency of 9.7% in all 46 cases. Significantly less often than expected from other data we found: signs of possible hereditary influence (0%), multiple tumor localization combined with angiomatosis retinae (0%), polyglobulia (10.8%). Psychopathologically relevant signs (45.6%) were, in all cases, combined with signs of increased intracranial pressure. The results of our re-examination demonstrate that late postoperative deficits as well as possible relapses are earlier and more precisely evaluated by the combined use of clinical examination, CCT and EOG. PMID- 6541581 TI - Vindesine in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. AB - Thirty-five patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer refractory to prior chemotherapy were treated with vindesine given at a fixed dose as a continuous 5 day infusion of 1.5 mg/day every 4 weeks. All patients were considered evaluable, and there were four patients with partial responses for more than 3 months (11%) and 13 patients with stable disease (37%). Two of the four responders had had disease progression on other vinca alkaloids. None of the responders had proven doxorubicin resistance. Side-effects included myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, nausea, stomatitis and fever, but these were seldom dose-limiting. The results- together with the results of other single-agent studies of vindesine summarized in the paper--indicate that the drug is an active agent in advanced breast cancer. However, the optimum way of administering vindesine and its inclusion in first-line therapy needs further study. PMID- 6541582 TI - Mitoxantrone in advanced renal cancer: a phase II study in previously untreated patients from the EORTC Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Cooperative Group. AB - Mitoxantrone at a dose of 15 mg/m2 i.v. q 3 weeks failed to produce responses in 29 adequately treated patients with measurable advanced renal cell carcinoma. The side-effects observed in this group of patients with a good performance status were generally mild. On the basis of this negative result, the application of mitoxantrone in this disease is not recommended. PMID- 6541583 TI - Flow cytofluorometric analysis of serial biopsies of tumours of the uterine cervix. AB - The technique of flow cytofluorometry has been employed to assess, by means of cell suspensions prepared from serial biopsies, the radioresponsiveness of tumours of the uterine cervix. This enables DNA profiles and content of proliferating cells to be determined prior to treatment and during external beam and intracavitary therapy. Results show that elimination of hyperdiploid and hypertetraploid cells and reduction in the proliferating fraction of cells can readily be monitored by this method during therapy. This information, quickly available during treatment, may assist in estimating radioresponsiveness of the tumour and possible prognosis for the patient. Dose fractionation schedules may also be adjusted according to tumour response to therapy. Our results, however, show no relationship between histopathological classification of a tumour (WHO) and its ploidy state. The advanced stages of the disease (II and III) do, however, show an increased content of hypertetraploid cells in the tumour biopsies. PMID- 6541584 TI - Reduction of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum-induced cell inactivation by benzaldehyde. AB - The inactivating effect of a combined treatment of human cells (NHIK 3025) in culture with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis-DDP) and the protein synthesis inhibitor benzaldehyde was tested. Cell inactivation was measured as loss of colony-forming ability following drug treatment. While 3.2 mM benzaldehyde had no effect on the cell survival when given alone, it reduced the effect of 10 microM cis-DDP significantly when the two drugs were added simultaneously. Scheduling experiments indicate that benzaldehyde must be present immediately before addition of, or simultaneously with, cis-DDP for optimal reduction of cell inactivation. Benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol or the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide did not reduce the inactivating effect of cis-DDP. Cells synchronized by mitotic selection were used to determine the variation in the responses throughout the cell cycle. It was found that concomitant 2-hr treatment of synchronized cells with 3.2 mM benzaldehyde and 10 microM cis-DDP at various times during the cell cycle resulted in a consistently greater surviving fraction of cells than 10 microM cis-DDP alone. Benzaldehyde thus reduced the inactivating effect of cis-DDP in all phases of the cell cycle. The effect of benzaldehyde in combination with two alkylating agents, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and nitrogen mustard (HN2), was also studied. Benzaldehyde was not found to influence the effects on cell survival induced by these drugs. PMID- 6541585 TI - Tumour growth delay, cell inactivation and vascular damage following hyperthermic treatment of a human melanoma xenograft. AB - The effect of hyperthermia at 42.5 degrees C on a human melanoma xenograft in athymic mice was studied. The tumours were heated in vivo in a water-bath. Tumour growth delay and single-cell survival in vitro were used as endpoints. Qualitative information regarding heat-induced vascular damage was obtained from microangiographic analysis. Tumour growth delay after a given treatment was considerably longer than that expected from the cell survival measured in vitro immediately after treatment. Experiments in which removal of the tumours was delayed revealed that tumour cells were continuously dying for at least 24 hr after heat treatment. The volume of the tumour vasculature was considerably reduced after treatment, suggesting that the delayed cell death was attributed to vascular occlusion which resulted in an insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients and an increased tumour acidity. The present work indicates that at least two mechanisms may be involved in heat-induced cell inactivation in our xenograft: firstly, direct cytotoxic effect of heat; secondly, indirect effect following heat-induced vascular damage. PMID- 6541586 TI - Hormone levels in prostatic fluid from healthy finns and prostate cancer patients. PMID- 6541587 TI - Malignant melanoma mortality in Italy: 1955-1978. PMID- 6541588 TI - A comparison of dopamine agonist action to inhibit locomotor activity and to induce stereotyped behaviour in the mouse. AB - 51 purported dopamine agonists from the phenylethylamine, tetralin, octahydrobenzo(f)- and (g)quinoline, benzocycloheptene, aporphine and ergoline series were tested in the mouse for ability to cause motor inhibition at low doses and stereotyped responding (motor facilitation) at higher doses. Motor inhibition was characterised either by a freezing akinesia (spiroperidol sensitive) or by sedation (resistant to spiroperidol). Agents potent to induce the freezing response could, if the dose was raised sufficiently (at least 10 fold), cause stereotypy. Within all series tested N-n-propyl substitution generally conferred greatest selectivity of motor inhibitory action. Radioligand binding assays using [3H]ADTN as ligand and rat striatal tissue showed correlations between abilities to associate with the dopamine receptor and to cause motor inhibition or facilitation, but discrepancies were apparent, particularly within the tetralin series. It is concluded that whilst there exists clear potency differences to inhibit locomotor activity and to induce stereotyped behaviour, it is difficult to demonstrate unequivocally an absolute selectivity of dopamine agonist action for the motor inhibitory dopamine system. PMID- 6541589 TI - Synthesis of novel calcium-dependent proteins associated with mammary epithelial cell migration and differentiation. AB - A class of proteins from mouse mammary epithelial cells has been isolated which, like the calcium-binding protein calmodulin (CaM), binds to phenothiazine in a calcium-dependent manner. These proteins do not bind to phenothiazine through binding to CaM; we infer that they are calcium-binding proteins, and that they may be related to the similarly isolated 'calcimedins' of Moore, P D & Dedman, J, J biol chem 257 (1982) 9663 [8]. In primary cultures of mouse mammary cells on collagen gels, synthesis of certain of these proteins is associated with the spreading of cells to form monolayers; failure of cells to spread and differentiate, through omission of serum from culture medium, results in the inhibition of calcium-binding protein synthesis, with the exception of CaM and a 15 kD species. The CaM/15 kD pair are prominent during all phases of culture, and are secreted during the secretory differentiation phase of culture (floating gels). We propose that these calcium-binding proteins play a specific role in the motility of mammary epithelial cells and that they may also be involved in mammary secretory differentiation. PMID- 6541590 TI - Role of cytoskeletal elements in the retractile activity of human skin fibroblasts. AB - Giant axonal neuropathy skin fibroblasts, which are characterized by a selective and partial disorganization of vimentin filaments [1] exhibited, when compared with normal skin fibroblasts, less fibrin clot retractile (FCR) activity and spreading within the fibrin clot both during active growth and resting stage. Skin fibroblasts derived from patients affected with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum, which display a disorganized actin network [2], exhibited reduced FCR activity and spreading within the fibrin clot only during resting stage. FCR inhibition was also obtained by treating the cells with colcemid, cytochalasin B (CB) and dihydrocytochalasin B. The data suggest that FCR activity is under the control of different cytoskeletal structures. For the first time, a direct involvement of intermediate-sized filaments could be demonstrated in the interaction between fibroblasts and an organic substratum. PMID- 6541591 TI - Response of C3H/10T1/2 fibroblasts to an external steady electric field stimulation. Reorientation, shape change, ConA receptor and intramembranous particle distribution and cytoskeleton reorganization. AB - C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts were stimulated by a steady electric field ranging up to 15 V/cm. The percentage of spindle-shaped cells increased with the field strength and duration of the stimulation. These cells oriented preferentially with their long axis perpendicular to the field direction. A small percentage of the cells were found to move slightly toward the cathode during the course of electric stimulation. Although no apparent field-induced redistribution of fluorescent-labelled concanavalin A (conA) receptor along the cell periphery was observed, the bright perinuclear area appeared preferentially on the anode side. Correlative fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed no difference in the density of conA-gold microsphere labels on either side of the cell. The density of intramembranous particles on the E-face of the plasma membrane was 54% higher on the anode side than on the cathode side of the cell. The microfilament bundles were observed to be disrupted after 30 min of 10 V/cm stimulation by rhodamine phalloidin labelling of F-actin. The cell sensitivity to electric field-induced reorientation and cell shape changes was reduced by pretreatment with conA, and to a lesser extent, with succinyl conA or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). ConA pretreatment alone also reduced the prominence of microfilament bundles. However, post-field lectin binding to the cell has no effect on cell recovery. It is possible that the generally flat 10T1/2 cells retract and realign in order to minimize the disruption of their membrane potential. The conA binding-mediated receptor-cytoskeletal linkage temporarily immobilizes the cell and inhibits subsequent field-induced shape changes. PMID- 6541592 TI - Diurnal and seasonal variations in intraocular pressure in the rabbit. AB - The diurnal variations in intraocular pressure in the rabbit were measured during a period of 12 months in a cross-sectional study. The average intraocular pressure of all the measurements taken during the year was 19.6 +/- 2.0 mmHg (mean +/- S.D.; n = 1957). The daily curve showed a continuous rise during the day from 18.2 +/- 1.7 mmHg (n = 175) at 0800 hr to 20.6 +/- 1.8 mmHg (n = 167) at 1700 hr. During the month of June, when the measurements were extended until midnight, this rise in intraocular pressure continued until 2200 hr, reached a level of 22.5 +/- 1.6 (n = 16), and started to decline. A similar daily pattern was observed throughout the year. The annual curve showed two peaks, during the summer and winter seasons, with a daily average of 20.2 +/- 2.1 (n = 404) and 20.2 +/- 2.0 (n = 638) respectively. The lowest average daily IOP value was obtained during the spring and was 18.8 +/- 2.0 (n = 509). An intermediate level between the summer/winter and the spring values was obtained during the autumn and was 19.4 +/- 1.7 (n = 406). PMID- 6541593 TI - Evidence for similar structural changes on binding of platinum anti-tumor agents to DNA and nucleosomes. AB - The influence of Pt(II) compounds on the 31P NMR spectra of natural DNA, synthetic polynucleotides, and nucleosomes was investigated. With Pt complexes which are anti-tumor agents, a new peak or shoulder centered at approximately 1.2 ppm downfield from the untreated DNA signal was observed. When Pt compounds known not to be anti-tumor agents were studied, no such new signal was observed. The most reasonable explanation for the downfield resonance is that it is a consequence of a structural change induced in the DNA by the anti-tumor agent. Since the effect of the Pt compounds on nucleosomes was similar, the same structural change is probably occurring in DNA in solution and in nucleosomes. A nonalternating dG . dC polymer, but not alternating G . C or any A . T polymers, exhibited a similar spectral change and this finding suggests that the structural change in the DNA arises primarily from reaction of Pt anti-tumor agents with adjacent G residues. PMID- 6541594 TI - A phosphorus NMR study of the reaction products of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) with a double-helical oligonucleotide and with DNA. AB - The structural distortion of oligonucleotides upon cis-PtCl2(NH3)2[d(T-C-T-C-G-G T-C-T-C)-N7(5), N7(6)] reveals shifting of 4 phosphorus resonances due to platination. 3 Resonances could be assigned by selective 31P-irradiation, showing P(6) (P between the two Gs) to be shifted 1.5 ppm to low field. In the concomitant double strands P(6) is shifted 0.9 ppm to lower field. A similar peak has been observed in platinated salmon sperm DNA (37 degrees C), indicating that Pt-binding to GpG-fragments in DNA is similar to that found for the decanucleotide, so the distortion of DNA might be comparable. PMID- 6541595 TI - Prognosis of fertility in women with unexplained infertility and sperm agglutinins in the serum. AB - From 1967 to 1973 serum samples of 1709 infertile women were tested for antispermatozoal antibodies with the gelatin agglutination test. In 110 cases sperm agglutinins were demonstrated in titers ranging from 4 to 1024. The clinical data of 99 couples were evaluable, and in 65 there appeared to be unexplained infertility. Out of these 65 women, 44 became pregnant in the posttesting follow-up period of 6 to 13.5 years (median, 10 years). With increasing titers there was a significant decrease in the probability of becoming pregnant. Of the women who became pregnant, in general, those with higher titers had to wait longer for their pregnancy than those with lower titers. Moreover, with increasing titers there was a tendency toward a longer duration of infertility before the serum was tested. This latter observation supports the contention that the agglutinin titer influences the fecundability rate. The titers of those becoming pregnant and those remaining infertile, however, showed considerable overlap. Favorable results in the postcoital test were associated with a better prognosis, but this was independent of the titers. PMID- 6541596 TI - Lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: possible implications for an increased risk of coronary heart disease. AB - This study reports values of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and the relative fatty acid composition of lecithin and cholesterol ester in 20 women with typical polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO). These values were compared with values of 22 regularly menstruating women without clinical evidence of androgen excess. Higher levels of triglycerides in serum (P less than 0.05) and very low-density lipoproteins (P less than 0.01) and lower concentrations of free cholesterol in low-density lipoproteins (P less than 0.05) were found in the PCO women. In serum lecithin the PCO patients had higher palmitic and lower stearic acid levels compared with those of the normal women. This finding was interpreted as a reduction of the excretory capacity of the liver in the PCO group. No correlations between lipids and sex hormones were found. Body weights and blood pressures were higher in the PCO group. The results indicate that PCO women could be at increased risk for coronary heart disease, because an increased serum triglyceride level, body weight, and blood pressure are considered to be risk factors of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6541597 TI - Estradiol and progesterone nuclear and cytosol receptors of hydrosalpinx. AB - Hydrosalpinx is usually associated with a low intrauterine pregnancy rate following restoration of tubal patency by microsurgery. The biochemical evaluation of pathologic tubes from 11 infertile patients showed the presence of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) receptors at the cytosol and nuclear levels. The binding constants (Kd) for these specific proteins for E2 and Promegestone (R5020) were of the same magnitude as observed in normal tissue. Mean levels of E2 cytosolic and nuclear receptors and cytosolic P receptors of hydrosalpinx were significantly lower than those of a normal fallopian tube (P less than 0.05). No correlation between the severity of the histologic appearance of the tissue and the subcellular distribution of receptors was observed. We conclude that the decrease in the steroid receptor population of these damaged tubes could be counted as another factor to be considered in the poor intrauterine rate of the salpingoneostomy. PMID- 6541598 TI - Retrograde ejaculation: etiology and treatment via the use of a new noninvasive method. AB - Retrograde ejaculation (RE) is not a common infertility problem, but has increased in incidence recently due to surgical aggressiveness in pelvic and genital malignancies. However, RE is the most common cause of aspermia, or absence of ejaculate at orgasm. Meanwhile, surgical or drug therapy methods have not been very promising in regaining normal antegrade ejaculation. As yet, the standard procedures for treatment of RE involve the artificial insemination of either nonprocessed or processed (via centrifugation and resuspension) postcoital voided bladder contents. RE specimens in this study were collected after postcoital voiding into a TEST buffer and resuspended in TEST-yolk buffer. The urine effects on the voided spermatozoa were studied. The technique employed in this study assists in the recovery and reconstitution of RE fit for artificial insemination. PMID- 6541599 TI - The use of phenoxybenzamine treatment in premature ejaculation. PMID- 6541601 TI - IIIrd International Symposium on Brucellosis. Algiers, Algeria, April 18-20,1983. PMID- 6541600 TI - A sex-determining gene, fem-1, required for both male and hermaphrodite development in Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Sex in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is normally determined by the X chromosome to autosome (X:A) ratio, with XX hermaphrodites and XO males. Previous work has shown that a set of at least four autosomal genes (her-1, tra-2, tra-3, and tra-1) is signaled by the X:A ratio and appears to act in a regulatory pathway to determine sex. Twenty-one new recessive alleles of the gene fem-1(IV) (formerly isx-1) have been isolated. Seven of these may be null alleles; one of these is an amber mutation. The other 14 alleles are temperature sensitive. The putative null mutations cause both XO and XX animals to develop as females when the mother as well as the zygote is fem-1(-). Therefore, fem-1(+) is required (a) for the development of the male body and (b) for spermatogenesis in males and hermaphrodites. In addition, fem-1 shows a maternal effect: wild-type fem-1 product partially rescues the development of fem-1(-) progeny. By analyzing double mutants it has been shown that fem-1(+) is part of the sex-determination pathway and has two distinct functions: (1) in the soma it prevents the action of tra-1, thereby allowing male development to occur, and (2) in the germline it is necessary for spermatogenesis in both sexes. PMID- 6541602 TI - [Use of vaccine H 38 in preventing bovine and ovine brucellosis in France]. PMID- 6541603 TI - [Thrombopenic purpura and hepatitis B: arguments favoring peripheral destruction of blood platelets]. PMID- 6541604 TI - Cytoskeleton of intestinal goblet cells in rabbit and monkey. The theca. AB - The ultrastructure and function of the cytoskeleton in intestinal goblet cells was investigated in colonic mucosa from rabbits and monkeys. This exocrine cell is unusual in that its secretory granules are stored as a compact apical mass limited by a dense, cup-shaped layer of cytoplasm called the "theca." Ultrastructural analysis of this cytoplasmic layer in rabbit goblet cells permeabilized with Triton X-100, treated with S4 fragments of heavy meromyosin, and fixed in the presence of tannic acid revealed that it contains an orderly arrangement of microtubules and intermediate filaments, but no detectable actin filaments. Microtubules are arranged vertically, like barrel staves, along the inner aspect of the theca. Intermediate filaments are arranged in two contiguous layers: an inner, basket-like network and an outer series of circumferential bundles resembling the hoops of a barrel. Autoradiography of [3H]glucosamine labeled human and rabbit cells maintained in organ culture without secretagogues had provided preliminary data suggesting that labeled secretory granules migrate preferentially along the periphery of the apical granule mass, adjacent to the theca, toward the luminal cell surface. In this study, we confirm this observation and show that colchicine inhibits this movement. Cholinergic secretagogues induce rapid release of mucin by compound exocytosis of the granules stored in the theca. This secretory activity is not inhibited by colchicine, presumably because it does not require granule movement. The cuplike shape of the theca is unaltered during rapid release of stored granules. Because the shape is unaltered after 6 h of colchicine treatment, it appears to be maintained by the intermediate filament layers. PMID- 6541605 TI - Effects of apomorphine administration on rearing activity of control and experimental rats withdrawn from long-term haloperidol treatment. AB - Rats were administered increasing doses of haloperidol or control solution for 25 days. 72 hr after drug withdrawal they were observed for rearing activity in an open field with or without apomorphine treatment. Rearing frequency was higher in haloperidol withdrawn rats. In control rats rearing frequency decreased 15 min after apomorphine administration in a dose-dependent way. In haloperidol withdrawn animals the apomorphine effects were dual, first an increase in rearing frequency induced by the smaller apomorphine doses (0.025-0.1 mg/kg) was observed and secondly a progressive and dose-dependent decrease was scored. Apomorphine also induced different motor effects not necessarily similar in control and experimental rats. Supersensitivity of dopaminergic receptors induced by the long term neuroleptic administration was considered to be involved with the difference observed. PMID- 6541606 TI - In vitro conversion of androgen to estrogen in amphioxus gonadal tissues. AB - The ability to convert androgen to estrogen (aromatization) is a constant feature of gonadal and neural tissues in all major vertebrate groups. In experiments reported here, the existence of this pathway was investigated in the protochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma lanceolatum). Following incubation with [3H]19-hydroxyandrostenedione, gonadal homogenates contained authentic estrone and estradiol-17 beta, as determined by derivative formation and recrystallization to constant specific activity. Cephalic ("brain") and other segments were aromatase negative. The results indicate that a potential for estrogen biosynthesis in the gonads predates that in other tissues and arises prior to the evolution of true vertebrates. PMID- 6541607 TI - Hormonal regulation of ovarian ecdysteroid production in the autogenous mosquito, Aedes atropalpus. AB - The effects of juvenile hormone (JH) and egg development neurosecretory hormone (EDNH) on ovarian ecdysteroid production during vitellogenesis in the autogenous mosquito, Aedes atropalpus, were investigated using in vitro techniques coupled with radioimmunoassay (RIA) and high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Normal females were characterized by quantitative, qualitative, and temporal patterns of in vitro ovarian ecdysteroid production. Females decapitated at emergence showed little ovarian ecdysteroid production and did not undergo vitellogenesis. A 500-ng dose of JH-I applied topically to decapitated females restored normal patterns of ecdysteroid production. In both normal and experimental females, ecdysone constituted the major portion of the ecdysteroids secreted by the ovaries in vitro. However, significant amounts of other RIA active materials were detected, one of which was probably 20-OH-ecdysone. Fat body incubations indicated that these tissues produce little RIA-active material during the peak of vitellogenesis. During that period, the ovaries were the major source of ecdysteroid. Various doses of JH-I, applied to abdomens isolated at emergence, enhanced ovarian responsiveness to subsequent applications of head extracts containing EDNH both in vivo and in vitro. A 500-ng dose of JH-I, applied topically to blood-fed, decapitated Aedes aegypti, stimulated a significant increase in in vitro ovarian ecdysteroid production. Similarities between these data and those demonstrating prothoracicotropic effects of JH in the Lepidoptera are discussed. PMID- 6541608 TI - [Hybrid analysis of adrenocortical function in laboratory rats]. AB - The adrenocortical function in two inbred strains of rats, Wistar (WAG) and August (AUG), and their F1, F2 and backcross hybrids was studied. The parental strains differed by the adrenal weight, plasma corticosterone level and in vitro adrenal secretion rate. Additive-dominant model of Mather and Jinks for the data analysis was applied. It was shown that genetic determination of the adrenocortical function was characterized by both intra- and inter-loci nonadditive and partly additive interactions. A genotype-environment interaction and a high environmental variance for some traits have been found. Under a stressful stimulation, the most significant additive genetic variance for plasma corticosterone level was revealed. This result completely coincides with our early conclusion about the role of the stress in manifestation of genetic variability. It may be concluded that the genotype integrity is a very important factor in determining the adrenocortical function of laboratory rats. PMID- 6541609 TI - [Choice of mouse lines for the testing of chemical mutagens]. AB - The effect of five chemical mutagens--cyclophosphamide, ethyleneimine, ethylmetanesulfonate, cytozar and captan in bone marrow cells of mouse strains TPS, WR, 101/HY, C57BL/6JY, CBA/LacY was studied. The effect was estimated by a frequency of cells with chromosome damages on preparations made 24 hours after the treatment of mice. The strains differentiate by sensitivity to mutagens and reveal specificity which can not be predicted before the experiment. The data obtained demonstrate that testing mutagenicity of chemical compounds gives more reliable results when using a set of mouse strains. PMID- 6541610 TI - [Genetic analysis of the susceptibility to neurological manifestations in spinal osteochondrosis]. AB - Complex genetic-mathematical analysis (component decomposition of the phenotype variance, segregation analysis, estimation of penetrance parameters) of 324 probands' families with neurologic manifestation of spinal osteochondrosis (3437 relatives of I-III degree) has been carried out is shown that the structure of liability to the disease studied is better approximated by semi-continuous phenotype model within the limits of which contribution of genetic factors reaches 80% (63-66% owing to autosomes and 14-17% owing to gonosomes) under considerable influence (20%) of environmental force (14% accidental and 6% systematic). PMID- 6541611 TI - Localization of four genes for three tRNALeu's on the physical map of the soybean (Glycine max L.) chloroplast genome. AB - Three tRNAsLeu from soybean chloroplasts were isolated and hybridized to restriction fragments of soybean chloroplast DNA. Based on the hybridization pattern, the locations of four genes coding for tRNA1Leu, tRNA2Leu (two genes tRNA2aLeu and tRNA2bLeu, are present in the inverted repeat region) and tRNA3Leu were determined on the physical map of the soybean chloroplast genome. PMID- 6541612 TI - Combination cisplatin and dichloromethotrexate in patients with advanced or recurrent cervical cancer: a preliminary report. AB - The chemotherapy combination of cisplatin and dichloromethotrexate was administered to 14 patients with measurable cervical cancer. Six (46%) have had a complete response for 6+, 7, 11, 14, 15, and 21 months. Four (30%) have had a partial response for 1, 6, 10, and 11 months. Two patients (15%) have had stable disease for 6 and 11 months. Only one patient failed to respond to this combination. In six of these patients, the measurable mass was located in a previously radiated area. This combination was well tolerated with only three instances of severe toxicity. No irreversible renal dysfunction was seen in any patient. PMID- 6541613 TI - Surgery following chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the cervix. AB - Ten patients with advanced squamous carcinoma of the cervix have been treated with both radiotherapy and monthly cyclical chemotherapy. All patients have subsequently undergone a simple hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with para-aortic and pelvic node biopsy. Six patients were found to be histologically free of disease, 2 patients had residual cervical disease completely excised, and 2 patients had persistent intra-abdominal disease. Eight patients have survived 24-43 months one of whom has recurrent disease. The addition of chemotherapy to standard radiotherapy appears to have improved the results of treatment, however, in view of the high complication rate (50%) it is considered that surgical assessment of response is not justified and that surgery should only be undertaken where there is good evidence of persistent but operable disease. PMID- 6541614 TI - [Assessment of morphine-type physical dependence liability in mice using the drug admixed food method]. AB - Physical dependence on morphine-type drugs (morphine, codeine and pethidine) in mice were examined by the drug-admixed food method. Mice were treated with drug admixed food of increasing concentration (1, 2 and 3 mg/g food) every third day for 9 days. Morphine- and codeine-treated mice showed withdrawal signs when they were given naloxone (5 mg/kg, s.c.), while pethidine-treated mice did not show the withdrawal signs. However, mice treated with pethidine-admixed food (1-6 mg/g food) for 28 days showed naloxone precipitated withdrawal signs. Thus, the data obtained with mice indicate that pethidine produces a weak physical dependence. On the other hand, codeine (40 mg/kg, s.c.) and pethidine (100 mg/kg, s.c.) administration suppressed the abrupt withdrawal signs of morphine-dependent mice that were treated with morphine-admixed food, while the withdrawal signs were completely suppressed in mice administered only 5 mg/kg morphine. These results suggest that the physical dependence liability of morphine type drugs can be predicted by the drug-admixed food method. PMID- 6541615 TI - [Pharmaco-ethological analysis of agonistic behavior between resident and intruder mice: effects of psychotropic drugs]. AB - The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of psychotropic drugs on agonistic behavior between resident and intruder mice. The effects of four doses of the following drugs were assessed in either resident or group-housed intruder mice: chlordiazepoxide (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (0, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, i.p.). Residents and intruders were drugged on alternate test days, and all animals received different sequences of each of the drug conditions according to a random schedule. The injection-test interval was 30 min. When resident mice were treated with chlordiazepoxide the resident's aggressive episodes (sideways posture, attack bite, tail rattle) were significantly suppressed. Both haloperidol and imipramine also showed a similar suppressive effect on the resident's aggressive episodes, but haloperidol significantly suppressed locomotor activity at all doses. When intruder mice were treated with chlordiazepoxide, attack bites by untreated residents were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, and the frequency of defensive upright posture displayed by intruder animals were significantly decreased. Haloperidol and imipramine did not alter resident's behavior and intruder's upright posture when intruders were drugged. The results suggest that chlordiazepoxide has specific effects on both the hostility of the resident and the anxiety of the intruder, differing from haloperidol and imipramine. PMID- 6541616 TI - Distribution of liver macrophages in laboratory animal and in man. PMID- 6541618 TI - Investigation of coffee in sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus tests in vivo. AB - Administration of a single oral dose of instant coffee to Chinese hamsters at levels up to 2.5 g/kg body weight did not increase the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. Furthermore, five consecutive daily oral doses of instant coffee given to Swiss OF-1 mice up to 3 g/kg/day did not induce increases in micronuclei above spontaneous levels. Similarly, no effect was observed in the micronucleus test after mice received two oral doses of coffee aroma of up to 50 ml/kg. PMID- 6541617 TI - The pharmacology of dietary nitrate and the origin of urinary nitrate. AB - From results of nitrate balance studies and analysis of ileostomy fluid it is concluded that, in man, ingested nitrate is absorbed from the upper digestive tract and is secreted in saliva and sweat. The nitrate concentrations in saliva and sweat reach maximum values within 1 hr of nitrate ingestion and return to almost zero within a further 5 hr. Urinary nitrate reaches a maximum concentration 4-6 hr after nitrate challenge and returns to the baseline value within 24 hr. Approximately 65-70% of a challenge dose of nitrate is excreted in urine in the following 24 hr and less than 1% is excreted in faeces; the remainder of the challenge dose is secreted in sweat or is degraded in the saliva or other digestive secretions by bacterial action. It is concluded that the urinary nitrate found when volunteers eat a 'nitrate-free' diet is likely to be due to undetected dietary nitrate rather than to endogenous nitrate synthesis. PMID- 6541619 TI - Long-term toxicity and carcinogenicity study of sodium o-phenylphenate in B6C3F1 mice. AB - Sodium o-phenylphenate (OPP-Na) was given at dietary levels of O (control), 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% to groups of 50 male and 50 female mice for 96 wk, and all the animals were maintained without OPP-Na for a further 8 wk. Both sexes given 2% OPP-Na and females given 0.5% and 1% OPP-Na showed growth retardation. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity in OPP-Na treated females was significantly increased in a dose-related manner. There were no treatment-related effects on clinical signs, mortality, urinalyses, haematology or organ weights. The incidences of several non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions achieved statistical significance but none was considered to be related to treatment. There were increased incidences of haemangiosarcomas of the liver in males given 1% and of hepatocellular carcinomas in 1 and 2% males, and haemangiomas and leiomyomas of the uterus, present in the controls, were absent or decreased in all treated females. Therefore, this study did not demonstrate any clear carcinogenic effect of OPP-Na on mice at dietary levels of up to 2%. PMID- 6541620 TI - Prevention of TCDD toxicity in laboratory rodents by addition of charcoal or cholic acids to chow. AB - The mortalities of mice, rats and guinea-pigs given a single lethal dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were substantially reduced by feeding them with chows containing 2.5 or 5% activated charcoal, which presumably enhances elimination of the toxic agent from the organism. Chows with 0.25 or 0.5% cholic acid and dehydrocholic acid added had a similar protective action on mice intoxicated with TCDD. Since no treatment is currently available for this type of poisoning, charcoal-whose safe clinical use is well established-is worth considering in view of its potential benefit to humans acutely exposed to TCDD. PMID- 6541623 TI - Metabolism of anethole. II. Influence of dose size on the route of metabolism of trans-anethole in the rat and mouse. AB - The effect of dose size on the metabolism of trans-anethole was investigated in rodents over the dose range 0.05-1500 mg/kg. trans-[methoxy-14C]Anethole was administered to female Wistar rats by gavage and to male CD-1 mice by ip injection. Urine, faeces and 14CO2 in expired air were collected and their 14C content was measured. Urinary metabolites were separated as described by Sangster et al. (Fd Chem. Toxic. 1984, 22, 695) and quantitated by radioHPLC and TLC. The major route of metabolism of trans-anethole in rodents is via oxidative O demethylation and the importance of this route was found to decrease with increasing dose from 56 and 72% of the dose at 0.05 mg/kg to 32 and 35% of the dose at 1500 mg/kg in rats and mice, respectively. Over this dose range the elimination of 14C-labelled urinary metabolites increased significantly in both species. There was a species-specific regioselectivity in the side-chain oxidation of anethole. The rat favoured the epoxidation route, resulting in the elimination in the urine of two 1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol isomers, elimination of which together rose from 2 to 15% of the dose over the dose range studied. In contrast the mouse favoured omega-oxidation, yielding cinnamyl compounds and 4-methoxybenzoic and 4-methoxyhippuric acids, the elimination of the latter two rising from 10 to 42% of the dose over the dose range studied. The species differences in metabolism, and the significance of the effect of increasing dose on the metabolic route are discussed with reference to the guidance these results could give in the assessment of the risk to man from dietary exposure to trans-anethole and related compounds. PMID- 6541621 TI - Neurophysiological and psychological disorders and occupational exposure to organic solvents. AB - A number of reports, particularly from Scandinavian countries, claim that painters and workers in other trades in which prolonged occupational exposure to organic solvents may occur develop a type of mental illness characterized principally by impairment of memory and co-ordination and some deterioration of personality. The condition, called 'organic solvent disease', is recognized as a cause of premature retirement and is classed as an occupational disease in certain countries. The conclusions of these reports have been contested and the existence of such a disease entity has been questioned. The publications reporting adverse neurological, neurophysiological and psychological disorders in solvent-exposed workers, and the methods used to determine adverse effects, have therefore been evaluated. In addition, data from animal behavioural studies have been examined but were found to have little or no to have little or no relevance to the reported human disease. The human data indicate that, of the solvents studied, only CS2 provided clear evidence of neurotoxic damage detectable by clinical and pathological examination as well as by neurophysiological measurements (e.g. nerve conduction velocity and nerve action potentials) or neuropsychological techniques (e.g. Rorschach inkblot test and WAIS intelligence tests). In the case of several other solvents and mixtures of solvents commonly used in industry, the evidence of CNS impairment, based principally on the response to questionnaires and the results of neuropsychological and neurophysiological examinations was questionable. A critical evaluation of the reliability of these methods in detecting minor deviations from normal and of their ability to provide acceptable evidence of CNS dysfunction or damage leaves little doubt that these methods are of value in investigating personality, intelligence and memory in the clinical examination of individual patients. However, evidence indicates that they are not suitable for use in epidemiological studies, principally because the variability of response in normal individuals is ill-defined and insufficiently investigated. The same conclusion was arrived at in evaluating the contribution of electroencephalography, computerized axial tomography scanning and other electrophysiological examinations to the diagnosis of brain changes in groups of solvent-exposed and unexposed workers. Furthermore, the personality changes identified (by neuropsychological tests) in painters and other workers exposed to solvents could well be produced by ageing, exposure to lead or mercury, excessive alcohol intake, psychoactive drugs or the ordinary stresses of everyday life.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6541622 TI - Metabolism of anethole. I. Pathways of metabolism in the rat and mouse. AB - The metabolic fate of the naturally occurring food flavouring trans-anethole has been investigated in rats and mice. A single 50-mg/kg dose of trans-[methoxy 14C]anethole was given orally to female Wistar albino rats and by ip injection to male CD-1 mice. The major routes of elimination of 14C were the urine and expired air (as 14CO2). Excretion of 14C in the faeces and as volatile compounds in the expired air was very low (total less than 2% of the dose). Urinary metabolites were separated by solvent extraction, TLC and HPLC and were characterized by MS and GC-MS directly and following methylation or trimethylsilylation, the results being compared where possible with authentic standards. Eleven 14C-containing urinary metabolites were identified in the rat and ten in the mouse. These compounds arose from side-chain oxidation, side-chain cleavage and various conjugations. The major urinary metabolites were two isomers of 1-(4' methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-diol, 2-hydroxy-1-methylthio-1-(4' methoxyphenyl)propane and 4-methoxyhippuric acid, the first three all being excreted as glucuronides. In addition to these 14C-labelled metabolites, 4 hydroxypropenylbenzene, the unlabelled product of oxidative O-demethylation of trans-[14C]anethole, was excreted extensively in urine as the glucuronide. PMID- 6541624 TI - Induction of tumours in rats by feeding nitrosatable amines together with sodium nitrite. AB - Feed containing 0.2% allantoin or diphenhydramine (as the hydrochloride) or 0.1% chlorpheniramine (as the maleate), with or without 0.2% sodium nitrite, was given ad lib. to groups of 20 or 24 male and 20 or 24 female F344 rats for 106 wk. Groups of 24 male and 24 female F344 rats were given drinking-water that contained N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide at a concentration of 0.1%, with or without 0.2% sodium nitrite, for 93 wk. Control rats were given untreated feed or drinking-water and nitrite-treated controls were given sodium nitrite at a concentration of 0.2% in feed or drinking-water. At the end of the treatment period the rats were given untreated feed and water and observed until death. There was little or no life-shortening effect in any treatment group. None of the four amines administered alone induced an increase in the incidence of any tumour in comparison with the untreated control groups. In the male rats given diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine or N,N-dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide concurrently with nitrite there was a significant increase in the incidence of liver neoplasms (hepatocellular carcinomas and neoplastic nodules). In the groups given untreated feed or drinking-water there were, respectively, five and three male rats that had liver tumours. In contrast the number of male rats with liver tumours was ten in the group given dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide plus nitrite, 11 in that given diphenhydramine plus nitrite and 14 (eight with carcinomas) in the group given chlorpheniramine plus nitrite. These results suggest that the ingestion of dimethyldodecylamine-N-oxide, diphenhydramine hydrochloride or chlorpheniramine under conditions when they could be nitrosated with nitrite in the stomach might present an increased carcinogenic risk. PMID- 6541625 TI - Survey of human milk for volatile N-nitrosamines and the influence of diet on their formation. AB - Human milk was analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines and the influence of diet on their possible presence and formation was assessed. 175 samples were obtained from 16 different nursing women. Analysis of samples collected at random, to ascertain baseline levels, indicated that 76.5% of the human milk samples contained less than 0.2 ppb N-nitrosodimethylamine (minimum level of reliable measurement). No other volatile nitrosamines were detected. Expressed milk was collected from volunteers over a 6-hr period after eating meals which included bacon (a source of performed nitrosamines) and at times a vegetable high in nitrate. Eating a meal containing bacon did not result in increased nitrosamine levels in milk. In certain individuals, eating a meal of bacon and a vegetable high in nitrate occasionally resulted in higher levels of N-nitrosodimethylamine in their milk. PMID- 6541626 TI - The maternal-foetal distribution of thiabendazole administered in two different vehicles to pregnant mice. AB - We have compared the effects of two vehicles on the maternal-foetal distribution of 14C-thiabendazole ([14C]TBZ) given orally to Jcl: ICR mice on day 9 or 16 of gestation. TBZ, either suspended in olive oil (TBZ-O) or in a 0.5% aqueous solution of gum arabic (TBZ-G), was given orally on day 9 of gestation at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight (1 microCi/mouse). The mice were killed 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 or 72 hr later. In mice treated with TBZ-O maximum levels of radioactivity in plasma and conceptuses were observed at 0.5 hr, whereas in those treated with TBZ G maximum 14C levels were observed at 6 hr. The uptake of radioactivity from TBZ O into the plasma and conceptuses was significantly higher than that from TBZ-G. Only trace levels of radioactivity were detected at 72 hr in both treatment groups. The placental transfer of [14C]TBZ was examined in mice treated with doses of 1 g/kg body weight (1 microCi/mouse) given as TBZ-O or TBZ-G on day 16 of gestation. The radioactivity in foetuses, placentas and maternal plasma was higher in mice treated with TBZ-O than those given TBZ-G. The placental transfer of [14C]TBZ was also examined by whole-body autoradiography in mice treated on day 16 of gestation. PMID- 6541627 TI - Transfer of additives from plastics materials into foodstuffs and into food simulants--a comparison. AB - The transfer of stearyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate from high and low-density polyethylenes and polypropylene as well as that of n-butyl stearate from high-impact polystyrene into several foodstuffs and into different food simulants under normal storage conditions was determined radioanalytically. Additionally, the transfer of these additives into the food simulants under the standard conditions usually requested by the authorities was determined. From these figures 'correction factors' were calculated, relating the amounts of additives transferred from the plastics materials into the foodstuffs under normal conditions of storage to the transfer of these additives from the test specimens into food simulants (e.g. olive oil and HB 307) under the standard test condition of exposure at 40 degrees C for 10 days. PMID- 6541629 TI - Eye spy--the alternatives. PMID- 6541628 TI - Renal pelvic and ureteral dilatation in male rats ingesting trisodium nitrilotriacetate. AB - Renal pelvic and proximal ureteral dilatation has been observed in male Charles River (CD) and Fischer 344 rats ingesting comparable doses of Na3NTA X H2O. Ureteral dilatation is accompanied by epithelial surface ulceration and erosion. Taken together with previous work (Anderson, Alden & Merski, Fd Chem. Toxic. 1982, 20, 105), these findings demonstrate that the ingestion of high doses of NTA results in similar effects on the transitional epithelium throughout the urinary tract. PMID- 6541630 TI - Payment systems, cost management, and malpractice. PMID- 6541631 TI - Factors related to the frequency of twinning in the State of Nuevo Leon, Mexico during 1977 and 1978. PMID- 6541632 TI - Population genetics of the vitamin D binding protein (GC) subtypes in the Asian Pacific area: description of new alleles at the GC locus. AB - Isoelectric focussing (IEF) in thin layer polyacrylamide gels pH range 4-6.5 has been used to analyse the GC phenotypes of 4233 individuals from 28 different population groups in the Asian, Pacific, and Australian area. Because this technique reveals subtypes of the common GC*1 allele, there is almost a two-fold increase in the mean heterozygosity at the GC locus using IEF compared with conventional electrophoresis. The highest frequency (above 50%) of the GC*1S allele was encountered in Indian populations, reflecting genetic affinities with Europeans. By comparison, east and south east Asians are unique offing maximum values of the GC*1F allele (50%). With the exception of a few Pacific populations which show similar frequencies to east Asians, all other groups in the Pacific area, including Australia, have values of GC*1F similar to GC*1S ranging from 27% to 40%. The GC*2 frequency in most populations varies from 20% to 30%. However, some Polynesian groups have values up to 40% and Australian Aborigines less than 10%. Among other alleles, GC*1A1 is found to be widely distributed among Australian Aborigines and Melanesians and occurs sporadically in Polynesians, Micronesians, and in the Lesser Sunda Islands. Four new alleles, GC*1C24, GC*1C35 Aborigine, GC*1A21, and GC*1A22 are described. The gene frequency data at the GC locus has been used to calculate Nei genetic distances between the populations studied. PMID- 6541633 TI - On the development of a standard two-dimensional polypeptide map of the human X chromosome. AB - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of a rodent-human somatic cell hybrid containing the X as the only human chromosome reveals three polypeptides that are absent in the parental cell line. The presence of these spots in human female fibroblasts indicates their human origin. The polypeptides have molecular weights and isoelectric points of 30,000/5.8,37,000/5.4, and 57,000/4.7 and are designated as PFHG 1, PFHG 2, and PFHG 3. Comparison of their molecular characteristics with those of polypeptides assigned to the human X in two other investigations shows that some but not all polypeptides are similar. Factors are discussed that might interfere with the rapid development of a standardized polypeptide map of the human X. PMID- 6541635 TI - Uteroglobin synthesis by rabbit uterine endometrial explants. PMID- 6541634 TI - Angiosarcoma of the heart. PMID- 6541636 TI - An improved method for isolation of retinol-binding protein from goat serum. PMID- 6541638 TI - Iowa medicine enters the PRO era. PMID- 6541637 TI - Plasma exchange and concomitant therapy in TTP. AB - Since plasma exchange was introduced in the management of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) in 1977, patient survival rate has increased from 10 to 80%. However, approximately 50 subsequent case reports in the literature provide no consensus as to the optimal therapy. We review here 4 episodes of TTP in 3 patients. In all cases, treatment was started with intensive FFP plasma exchange combined with administration of antiplatelet agents and corticosteroids. Remission was achieved in 3 out of 4 episodes although all required individualization of the medication regimen. In the remaining patient, cytotoxic therapy (vincristine) and ultimately splenectomy were required to achieve stable remission. The variable clinical response to these therapeutic protocols indicates that TTP may not represent a single homogeneous disease entity but rather may involve various underlying pathologies. We conclude that the most effective present therapy for the management of TTP is daily plasma exchange with fresh frozen plasma infusions combined with antiplatelet agents and steroids. Vincristine and splenectomy should only be employed if this protocol proves ineffective. PMID- 6541639 TI - The relationships of calculated percent body fat, sports participation, age, and place of residence on menstrual patterns in healthy adolescent girls at an independent New England high school. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to determine normal menstrual patterns in healthy girls in an independent high school and assess the effects of exercise (type and hours per day), age (chronologic and gynecologic), calculated estimate of body fat, and place of residence (boarding and day students) on menstrual function. Three hundred twenty-seven girls (means age 15.5 +/- 1.1 years) answered a questionnaire on menstrual history; 306 (93.6%) were postmenarchal and 21 (6.4%) premenarchal. Calculated estimate of percent body fat was significantly lower in premenarchal than postmenarchal girls (22.4% versus 27.3% p less than 0.0001). Ninety-three percent of adolescents reported flow lasting 4-7 days; 59.7% dysmenorrhea; and 63% premenstrual symptoms. There was no correlation between estimated body fat or hours per day of exercise and the regularity of menses, duration of flow, or dysmenorrhea. With the exception of gymnastics and dancing, sports participation had little or no impact on menstrual patterns. Follow up questionnaires and menstrual calendars were obtained from 87 girls eight to fifteen months after the initial questionnaires. All girls whose cycles had changed from regular to irregular were boarding students, confirming previous anecdotal reports that separation from home may be a significant stress for adolescents. PMID- 6541640 TI - Galactorrhea secondary to chest wall surgery in an adolescent. AB - Although nonpuerperal galactorrhea in youth may be a sign of pituitary prolactinoma, the etiology may be benign and extensive neurologic or endocrinologic evaluation and treatment may be unnecessary. An 18-year-old female with an unusual but benign form of transient galactorrhea due to chest wall surgery is reported. It is hypothesized that the sectioning of the intercostal nerves may result in reflex stimulation of hypothalamic centers controlling lactation through the same neural pathways involved in puerperal lactation. The patient experienced galactorrhea for two months and transient amenorrhea. She is asymptomatic without galactorrhea at nine months follow up. PMID- 6541641 TI - Canine idiopathic thrombocytopenia: clinical observations and long-term follow-up in 54 cases. AB - Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) was diagnosed in 54 dogs. Bleeding was associated with platelet counts less than or equal to 30,000/mm3, and occurred most frequently at mucosal surfaces and in the skin. Other hematologic changes were variable, the most common being regenerative anemia with leukocytosis. Bone marrow examination revealed variable megakaryocyte numbers, but hyperplasia was most commonly observed. Results of the platelet factor 3 test were positive in only 7 of 25 dogs so tested. Treatment included various combinations of corticosteroid, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and splenectomy. The dogs could be classified into 4 groups on the basis of the course of disease: (1) 14 dogs that died or were euthanatized during the first episode of thrombocytopenia, (2) 17 dogs that recovered after a single episode of thrombocytopenia (acute ITP), (3) 8 dogs in which thrombocytopenia recurred over a period of up to 8 months before recovering (acute, recurrent ITP), and (4) 15 dogs that experienced repeated episodes of ITP for periods of up to 8 years (chronic ITP). PMID- 6541642 TI - Disseminated cutaneous hemangiosarcoma in a young dog. PMID- 6541643 TI - Hemangiosarcoma in a cow. AB - A 4-year-old cow initially examined because of hindlimb lameness had a waxing and waning course of illness for 31 weeks. Signs included lameness, swelling of the affected limb, and intermittent fever, and anorexia. Radiography and bacterial culturing suggested osteomyelitis. Terminally, there was peracute anemia and dyspnea. The final diagnosis was hemangiosarcoma of the metatarsus, with metastasis to the lungs. PMID- 6541644 TI - Are there diurnal fluctuations in crypt length and crypt cell birth rate in the intestines of normal and carcinogen-treated rats? AB - At eight time points over a period of 24 hours, crypt length (in cells) and crypt cell birth rate were measured by the stathmokinetic method with vincristine and evaluated at two sites in the small intestine and two in the colon in Wistar Porton rats. Normal animals were compared with animals which had received 24 injections, at weekly intervals, of the intestinal carcinogen 1,2 dimethylhydrazine. In the treated animals, crypts were significantly longer at sites prone to tumour formation but not at those sites known to be resistant to the effects of the carcinogen. In neither group of animals was there any significant fluctuation in mean crypt length over a 24 hours period. Crypt cell birth rates showed a considerable fluctuation. No difference was noted between normal animals and those treated with dimethylhydrazine and statistical analysis failed to confirm the presence of any true periodic fluctuation. PMID- 6541645 TI - Direct and maternal genetic differences between lines of mice selected for body weight and litter size: traits of dams. AB - Genetic differences in performance of dams were estimated by linear contrasts using means of two selected lines of mice and reciprocal F1's, F2's and backcrosses. The lines were selected for increased 6-wk body weight (W) or increased litter size (L). Genetic differences estimated were direct average (gD), direct heterosis (hD), maternal average (gM), progeny average (gP), and progeny heterosis (hP). For dam weight and feed consumption from 12 to 21 d postpartum (pp), gD was the largest genetic difference and favored line W. For litter size, litter weight at birth, litter efficiency (litter weight gain/dam feed consumption) from birth to 12 d pp and within litter mortality from 1 to 21 d pp, gD favored L and, except for hD in litter efficiency, was the most important genetic difference for these traits. Direct heterosis was the only significant difference for litter weight at 21 d pp, litter efficiency from 12 to 21 d pp and within litter mortality at parturition. The gM were larger in W than in L for dam weight and feed consumption, and for litter size and weight at birth, but they were usually of smaller magnitude than gD. The gP were significant only in litter traits measured before 12 d pp and favored W. For no trait measured was hP of consequence. Line differences in dam and litter weight accounted for genetic differences in dam feed consumption. Genetic differences in litter size at birth were not due to line differences in dam weight. The lower mortality within litters nursed by crossbred dams was responsible for hD on litter weight and litter efficiency. Within but not among lines, higher mortality rates were associated with larger litters. PMID- 6541646 TI - Toxic effects of selenium on growing swine fed corn-soybean meal diets. AB - A total of 96 crossbred pigs received various levels of sodium selenite to determine the effect of dietary selenium (Se) on growing swine fed corn-soybean meal diets. Levels of supplemental Se were 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 micrograms/g. There were linear decreases (P less than .01) in both gain and feed intake with increasing levels of dietary Se. Feed/gain increased numerically as dietary Se increased. Hair Se increased quadratically (P less than .01) and blood Se increased linearly (P less than .01) with increasing level of dietary Se. Cell volume and hemoglobin were not affected by dietary treatment. Increasing dietary Se significantly increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT). and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT). External signs of selenosis were noted in some pigs fed 12 or 20 micrograms/g of Se. The toxic level of Se in a corn-soybean meal diet for crossbred pigs appears to be between 4 and 8 micrograms/g. Of variables studied, growth rate was the most sensitive indicator of chronic selenosis in swine. PMID- 6541647 TI - Oral and topical treatment of experimental HSV-1 genital herpes with (E)-5-(2 bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - A genital infection was induced in guinea pigs by intravaginal inoculation with herpes simplex virus type 1 and used to assess the efficacy of BVDU administered either orally or topically. Twice daily oral treatment with BVDU was effective in preventing or reducing the severity of disease if therapy was initiated 6 or 24 h post-infection, but was ineffective if compound was first administered 48 h post infection. BVDU was also effective topically as 2% or 5% ointments but ineffective at 1%. Topical treatment with 5% ointment was beneficial when treatment was started within 24 h of infection but not effective if initiation of treatment was delayed further. PMID- 6541648 TI - Baculovirus replication: effects of inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. AB - A number of inhibitors of DNA, RNA, protein and polyamine synthesis have been used to elucidate the mode of replication of baculoviruses. An overview of the viruses, the antimicrobial inhibitors used, and the effects of the drugs are presented. Although certain inhibitors of protein synthesis and DNA synthesis are useful in determining the program of expression of the viral genome into immediate early, delayed early, late and very late phases of synthesis, few drugs have proved useful as antimicrobial agents. Bromovinyldeoxyuridine (BVDU) is a potent inhibitor of baculovirus replication inhibiting viral DNA synthesis by blocking the virus induced DNA polymerase. Preliminary experiments suggest that BVDU suppresses baculovirus disease in insect larvae. PMID- 6541649 TI - The cost of surviving thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: case report. AB - The neuropsychiatric sequelae of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) have not been discussed previously since most patients did not survive. The affective disorder, personality change, and cognitive deficits which resulted from TTP in a 55-year-old man who had already survived stage IIIB Hodgkin's disease are described. The neurologic and psychiatric residua did not indicate a chronic form of the disease. PMID- 6541650 TI - Isolation and characterization of a lectin from edible mushroom, Volvariella volvacea. AB - A lectin was purified from edible mushroom, Volvariella volvacea by extraction with 5% cold acetic acid in the presence of 0.1% 2-mercaptoethanol, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and DEAE-C-52 and CM-C-52 column chromatographies. The molecular weight was measured to be 26,000, and the lectin consisted of two non-identical subunits as demonstrated by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lectin does not contain half-cystine, methionine, or histidine. The LD50 of the lectin is 17.5 mg per kg body weight of mice. The lectin has a moderate inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cells. PMID- 6541651 TI - The generation of a hyperporphyrin spectrum upon thiol binding to ferric chloroperoxidase. Further evidence of endogenous thiolate ligation to the ferric enzyme. AB - In spite of numerous spectroscopic similarities between chloroperoxidase and cytochrome P-450 (P-450) which suggest endogenous cysteinate axial ligation in chloroperoxidase as has been established for P-450, assignment of the endogenous axial ligand of chloroperoxidase has remained controversial since no available free sulfhydryl groups have been detected in chemical studies of chloroperoxidase. To help clarify this problem, we have carried out extensive studies of thiol-binding properties of native ferric chloroperoxidase and have compared our new results with those previously obtained in our laboratory on thiol adducts of P-450. We have found that the ligation of exogenous thiols to the heme iron of chloroperoxidase generates hyperporphyrin (split Soret) spectra (lambda max = approximately 372 and approximately 455 nm), consistent with the formation of bisthiolate low-spin ferric heme adducts as has been established for P-450 and its heme models. However, in contrast to the results with P-450, thiols not only coordinate to the ferric heme iron of chloroperoxidase in the thiolate form in competition with cyanide but also bind, presumably in the thiol form, to a site in the heme vicinity other than the heme iron without competition with cyanide. The thiol acidity (pK alpha greater than 7) or medium pH (pH 3-7) have little effect on the spectral and equilibrium properties of the adducts. Thiol binding to the latter site, which is presumably the organic substrate-binding site, causes a red shift of the Soret peak (339 vector approximately 420 nm) of the high-spin ferric enzyme; the resulting thiol adducts are still predominantly high spin. Similar spectral changes are also observed upon binding of other neutral sulfur (sulfides and disulfide) and oxygen (alcohols and ketones) donor ligands to native ferric chloroperoxidase. In conclusion, the generation of hyperporphyrin spectra upon exogenous thiol binding to native ferric chloroperoxidase provides considerable support for the presence of an endogenous thiolate ligand to the heme of the enzyme in its ferric state. PMID- 6541652 TI - The amino acid sequence of the A2B1a subunit of glycinin. AB - The amino acid sequences of the acidic and basic components of the A2B1a subunit of glycinin, the major seed reserve protein of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), were determined. They contain 278 and 180 amino acids, respectively, and have molecular weights of 31,600 +/- 100 and 19,900 +/- 100. The molecular weight of the acidic component is considerably less than that estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis (37,000). Sequence heterogeneity was detected at several positions scattered throughout the primary structures of both components, indicating that the preparation sequenced was composed of several nearly identical polypeptides. These data, in conjunction with a recently determined nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal two-thirds of the analogous glycinin subunit gene, illustrate the complexity of the gene family responsible for synthesis of glycinin subunits. PMID- 6541653 TI - Identification of the cystines which link the acidic and basic components of the glycinin subunits. AB - The half-cystine residues involved in linking the acidic and basic polypeptides were determined for several glycinin subunits. The cystines were localized with specific cyanogen bromide fragments either by comparing the electrophoretic mobility of nonreduced and reduced fragments, or by co-purifying and then determining the NH2-terminal sequence of the covalently linked fragments. Residues involved in the disulfides were further identified by labeling them with [3H] iodoacetic acid. Only 1 cystine was found to be involved in linking the acidic and basic components of each subunit, and they were in analogous positions in each of the subunits studied. Potential sites for intrapolypeptide cystines were also identified. PMID- 6541654 TI - Cellular retinol-binding protein. Quantitation and distribution. AB - The distribution of cellular retinol-binding protein was localized in three tissues involved in the transport of vitamin A using the peroxidase antiperoxidase technique. In addition, a sensitive radioimmunoassay was developed to quantitate cellular retinol-binding protein in various tissues. In liver, the protein was found in the hepatocytes and in the perisinusoidal fat-storing cells. The columnar epithelial cells of the jejunum and the cells of the proximal tubuli also exhibit high concentrations of cellular retinol-binding protein. Estimations of the content of the protein in various tissues from normal and retinol deficient rats showed that the retinol status did not affect the tissue levels or the subcellular distribution. The appearance of high amounts of this protein in cells involved in the dietary uptake, storage, mobilization, and resorption of vitamin A suggest that one function of the cellular retinol-binding protein is to act as a vehicle in the intracellular transport of retinol through these organs. PMID- 6541655 TI - The cytoskeleton of the apical border of the lateral cells of freshwater mussel gill: structural integration of microtubule and actin filament-based organelles. AB - The coexistence of densely packed microtubule- and microfilament-based elements in the apex of ciliated epithelial cells, such as the lateral (L) cells of freshwater mussel gill, suggests that with this system it may be possible to define structural connections and interactions that permit integrated cytoskeletal responses to known physiological stimuli. In this study we examine the structure of the L cell apex in detail. The central elements of the elaborate cytoskeleton of the cortex are the basal bodies whose specialized accessory processes are points of integration and the focus of cortical microtubule and microfilament networks. Each basal body supports a cilium and interacts with adjacent basal bodies and with the cell periphery via a dual set of fibre containing flat trabeculae, both of which are attached to a special organizing centre, the basal foot cap. The distal trabecula is composed of microtubules and the proximal of microfilaments. Connecting the trabeculae, at vertices in the filamentous grids, are core bundles of microfilaments from apical microvilli. In this way, a zig-zag pattern that characterizes microvillar organization at the cell surface is generated. At the cell periphery, the microfilaments from basal foot caps join a peripheral band of microfilaments that underlies the cell border and is associated with four special sites, one in each corner of the cell. Mussel gill epithelial cells contain a polypeptide that resembles actin in its mobility in sodium dodecyl sulphate/10% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels and its affinity for DNase I. Decoration with heavy meromyosin demonstrates that many microfilaments of the L cell apex contain actin, including the microvillar core and peripheral band microfilaments. Actin-associated proteins are also present in these epithelial cells. The actin filaments of the peripheral band are organized to support contraction of the cell border, which would also affect each element of the cortex. This structural complexity, combined with the limited number of modes of interaction between various elements, suggests that the L cell apical cytoskeleton endows the cell with significant positional and morphogenetic information that could be used to compute organellar and cytoskeletal lengths, spacing and changes upon stimulation. PMID- 6541656 TI - Ectodermal fragments from normal frog gastrulae condition substrata to support normal and hybrid mesodermal cell migration in vitro. AB - Using time-lapse cinemicrography and scanning electron microscopy, we have shown that normal Rana embryos and gastrulating hybrid embryos have extracellular fibrils on the inner surface of the ectodermal layer. These fibrils are absent prior to gastrulation and appear in increasing numbers during gastrulation. They can also be deposited in vitro where they condition substrata in such a way that normal presumptive mesodermal cells placed on them show extensive attachment and unoriented cell movement. These fibrils are also present in some arrested hybrid embryos, but in reduced numbers, or are lacking in other arrested hybrid embryos. Explanted ectodermal fragments from arrested hybrid embryos fail both to condition culture substrata by the deposition of fibrils and to promote cell attachment and translocation. In contrast, ectodermal fragments from normal embryos can condition culture substrata so as to promote moderate cell attachment and, for one particular gamete combination, even cell translocation of presumptive mesodermal cells taken from arrested hybrid embryos. These results provide new evidence to support the hypothesis that extracellular fibrils represent a system that promotes mesodermal cell migration in amphibian embryos. Differences in the fibrillar system in urodele and anuran embryos are discussed in relation to fundamental differences in the mode of mesodermal cell migration in these two classes of Amphibia. PMID- 6541657 TI - Microfilament organization and total actin content are decreased in hybrids derived from the fusion of HeLa cells with human fibroblasts. AB - The organization of the microfilaments and the actin content of matched pairs of tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic HeLa/fibroblast hybrid cells was compared. Each pair consisted of a hybrid cell line with suppressed tumorigenicity and a segregant tumorigenic cell line derived from it. The tumorigenic HeLa parent cell line and a non-tumorigenic human fibroblast line were also included in the comparison. Microfilament organization of the cell lines was assessed by fluorescence microscopy using NBD-phallacidin, a probe that specifically binds to actin filaments. The re-expression of tumorigenicity is associated with a loss of microfilament organization. The actin content, as measured by the DNase I inhibition assay, was significantly lower in the tumorigenic hybrids and the HeLa parent than in the non-tumorigenic cells. The comparison was significant when the actin concentration was expressed either per cell or per protein. Despite this reduced level of total actin in tumorigenic cells, the ratio of monomeric to total actin remained constant in all cell lines tested. PMID- 6541658 TI - Inhibition of aromatization stimulates luteinizing hormone and testosterone secretion in adult male rhesus monkeys. AB - Experiments were conducted to examine the role of aromatization in the control of LH and testosterone secretion in adult male rhesus monkeys. Treatment of male monkeys (n = 7) with sc Silastic packets containing the aromatase inhibitor 1,4,6 androstatriene-3,17-dione (ATD) resulted in 1.5- to 3-fold elevations in serum LH and testosterone concentrations in six of seven animals. Concurrent treatment of ATD-treated monkeys with small quantities of estradiol-17 beta (n = 4) abolished the stimulatory effect of ATD. During ATD treatment, peripheral estradiol levels were reduced by 30% and hypothalamic aromatase activity, as determined in vitro, was reduced 80-90%. The lack of androgenic or antiandrogenic activity of ATD was demonstrated by its inactivity in either a mouse seminal vesicle bioassay or a highly sensitive penile spine bioassay. Furthermore, ATD did not react with rat prostatic or hypothalamic cytosol androgen receptors. 1,4,6-Androstatriene-17-ol 3-one, a possible metabolite of ATD in vivo, did react with prostatic and hypothalamic androgen receptors, but possessed no antiandrogenic activity in either bioassay. Thus, treatment of adult males with an aromatase inhibitor that inhibits both peripheral and central aromatization, and which has no apparent antiandrogenic activity, results in stimulation of LH and testosterone secretion. These data demonstrate that aromatization of androgens to estrogens plays an important role in negative feedback regulation of LH secretion and maintenance of normal testosterone levels in adult male primates. PMID- 6541659 TI - Acantholysis produced in vitro with pemphigus serum: hydrocortisone inhibits acantholysis, while dapsone and 6-mercaptopurine do not inhibit acantholysis. AB - Many studies have shown that human skin in organ cultures containing pemphigus antibody undergoes acantholysis, the histologic hallmark of pemphigus vulgaris. This in vitro organ culture system provides a good model to determine if drugs used to treat pemphigus inhibit the effect of pemphigus antibody after it is produced. In this study we determined if hydrocortisone, dapsone, and 6 mercaptopurine (6-MP) could inhibit acantholysis observed in human skin organ cultures containing high constant levels of pemphigus plasma. In six experiments we demonstrated that hydrocortisone (10(-3) and 5 X 10(-4) M) present at the start of organ culture inhibited acantholysis induced by pemphigus sera. Thus, this study raises the possibility that the large doses of steroids used to treat acute pemphigus could act directly on the skin, inhibiting acantholysis in the presence of high titers of pemphigus antibody. Other effective immunosuppressive drugs, such as dapsone and 6-MP, probably do not act directly on the skin. PMID- 6541660 TI - Infection of the olecranon bursa by Anthopsis deltoidea. AB - Anthopsis deltoidea was found to be the cause of an olecranon bursitis in a 79 year-old golfer. Serial histological sections of the olecranon bursa showed faintly stained, brown-walled, septate, hyphal elements in the centers of the necrotic debris. The combination of bursectomy and flucytosine treatment cured the infection. PMID- 6541661 TI - Taxonomic and nomenclatural evaluation of the genera Candida and Torulopsis. AB - It is concluded that the validly published genera Candida and Torulopsis are taxonomically distinct. The recently proposed merger of these two yeast genera is rejected. PMID- 6541662 TI - Nitrocellulose filter blots for species identification of Mobiluncus curtisii and Mobiluncus mulieris. AB - Seventy strains of Mobiluncus, motile curved anaerobic bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis, were correctly identified to species level by using bacteria fixed to nitrocellulose and hybridized with 32P-labeled DNA. PMID- 6541663 TI - Immunological comparison between human and rat plasminogen activators in blood and the vessel wall. AB - To evaluate the rat as an experimental model for plasminogen activator research, the ability of antibodies specific for human tissue type plasminogen activator and urokinase to suppress the plasminogen activator activity in whole plasma and in the vessel wall was studied in both rat and man. Plasminogen activator activity in plasma was assayed on fibrin plates containing plasminogen. Plasminogen activator in the vessel wall was shown by the fibrin side technique. Antibodies against human tissue type melanoma cell activator and urokinase were raised in goats and mixed into the fibrin film or the fibrin plates. In both species antibodies to melanoma cell activator were able to suppress the plasminogen activator activity completely in plasma and in the vessel wall. Anti urokinase, however, had no suppressing effect. In rat plasma the inhibitory effect on the fibrinolytic activity was seen only with high concentrations of antibodies against melanoma cell activator, which suggests that rat plasminogen activator in plasma and vessel walls is similar to, but not identical with, human tissue type plasminogen activator. PMID- 6541664 TI - Milk production and nitrogen utilization by dairy cows infused postruminally with sodium caseinate, soybean meal, or cottonseed meal. AB - Four Holstein cows with fistulated rumens were in a 4 X 4 Latin square design for us to determine effects of administering different sources of protein postruminally on milk production, milk composition, and efficiency of nitrogen utilization. Treatments consisted of postruminal infusion of 1) water, 2) sodium caseinate, 3) soybean meal, or 4) cottonseed meal. Milk yield (kg/day) and milk protein production (g/day) for the four treatments were: 1) 30.6, 1043; 2) 32.7, 1146; 3) 32.1, 1102; and 4) 31.1, 1087. Synthesis of milk protein increased during postruminal infusions of protein as indicated by the increased casein nitrogen fraction in milk. All protein infusions improved efficiency of use of absorbed nitrogen for synthesis of milk protein. Milk fat percentage and daily production of milk fat were not affected by treatments. PMID- 6541665 TI - Effects of particle size and formaldehyde treatment of soybean meal on milk production and composition for dairy cows. AB - Twenty-four lactating dairy cattle were used to study the effects of formaldehyde treatment and reduction of particle size of soybean meal on milk production and composition. Cows were fed diets containing one of the following soybean meals: 1) untreated, coarse; 2) untreated, fine; 3) formaldehyde-treated, fine. Formaldehyde reduced the solubility of soybean meal protein from 22.7 to 2.9%. Grinding soybean meal reduced particle size from 842 to 249 micron. Formaldehyde treatment did not affect intake or milk production but resulted in higher efficiency of milk production (1.43 versus 1.46 kg fat-corrected milk/kg dry matter intake). Milk protein (3.08 versus 2.85%) and solids-not-fat (8.51 versus 8.35%) contents were reduced by formaldehyde. Cows fed fine soybean meal had higher dry matter intakes (22.0 versus 20.8 kg dry matter/day) and gained more body weight; however, milk production was not affected by particle size. Grinding soybean meal reduced production efficiency (1.47 versus 1.42 kg milk/kg dry matter intake) and milk fat (3.70 versus 3.33%). Lack of production response and reduced milk protein from formaldehyde treatment suggests possible overprotection of protein. Fine grinding of soybean meal appeared to favor body weight gain rather than milk production. PMID- 6541666 TI - Phenotypic and genetic statistics of components of milk and two measures of somatic cell concentration. AB - Heritabilities, genotypic and phenotypic correlations for milk, fat, and protein yields, and two traits related to somatic cell concentration (cumulative lactation score and lactational somatic cell concentration) were estimated. A total of 18,416 first lactations of Holstein cows were analyzed by a new procedure for estimating variance components. Heritabilities were .21, .23, .19, .17, and .61 for milk, fat, and protein yields, cumulative lactation score, and lactational somatic cell concentration. Addition of protein yields to the current selection for two traits with nil economic value for protein would improve genetic gains for fat and milk yields in the northeastern United States. If cumulative lactation score and lactational somatic cell concentration were incorporated in current selection for two traits, restricted selection indexes should be used to avoid reduction in genetic gains for milk and fat yields. PMID- 6541667 TI - Cryotherapy for lentigo maligna. PMID- 6541668 TI - [Treatment of diabetic cystoid macular edema by argon laser photocoagulation]. AB - Diabetic maculopathy remains the main cause of poor visual acuity in diabetic retinopathy either proliferative or non proliferative. Although photocoagulation in the macular area is known to be effective in treatment of exudates, results in treatment of cystoid macular edema (CME) are still questionable. 36 eyes with diabetic CME and non ischaemic capillary bed were treated with argon laser photocoagulation in the macular area. Two groups of patients were studied. Group I consisted of 16 eyes with CME and with circinate exudates in the paramacular area. Mild argon burns (50-200) were applied on the microvascular abnormalities and on the pigment epithelium in the center of the circinate exudates. The macula (1500 of diameter) was not treated in this group. As expected, results on the exudates rings were good. CME disappeared in 43% of the cases, and regressed in 23% of the cases. Nevertheless 3 years after treatment the mean visual acuity was found to be slightly worse than before the treatment. Group II consisted of 20 eyes with CME, exudates were absent or scattered. Mild argon burns were applied on the area of macular cysts avoiding only the foveal avascular zone (500 of diameter). Exudates when present disappeared in all cases. CME disappeared in 80% of the cases and regressed in 15% of the cases. Three years after treatment mean visual acuity remained identical. Extensive review of the literature concerning the treatment of diabetic maculopathy shows a wide range of techniques and evaluation procedures. We propose the following method of treatment: when exudate rings are present with CME, treatment should be aimed first towards focal microvascular abnormalities avoiding the macular area. When exudates are absent or in cases of unchanged CME after extramacular photocoagulation, treatment should be aimed towards the microcystic area avoiding the foveal avascular zone, if visual acuity is less than 0,5. PMID- 6541669 TI - Cardiotoxicity in yellow oleander seed poisoning. PMID- 6541670 TI - [Open plasties of the urethra after internal urethrotomy by Sachse's procedure. Evaluation in 18 patients]. AB - Eighteen patients required repeat surgery for urethral stenosis after internal urethrotomy. A single operation had been performed in 11 cases, 7 had had two operations and 1 patient had undergone 4 consecutive internal urethrotomies. Stenosis was iatrogenic in origin in 66% of cases (urethral catheter or endoscopy). The length of the urethral stenotic complication was measured in each case, and results showed that recurrent stenosis after internal urethrotomy was longer than the initial lesion in 50% of cases. These findings provide a supplementary argument for practising a surgical urethroplasty after failure of an internal urethrotomy. An increased length of stenosis following recurrence after urethrotomy is therefore an indication for surgery and not for a repeat internal urethrotomy. PMID- 6541671 TI - Establishment of genital tract infection in the CF-1 mouse by intravaginal inoculation of a human oculogenital isolate of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - A human oculogenital strain of Chlamydia trachomatis was instilled intravaginally in the outbred CF-1 mouse to establish cervical infection. The mice were neither hormonally nor immunologically manipulated before inoculation. Duration of chlamydial excretion varied from two to ten days. In the culture-positive animals, IgG and IgM antibody titers were elevated in 38% and 17%, respectively. Neither intracytoplasmic inclusions nor elementary bodies of C. trachomatis were detected in genital tissues. Infection was limited primarily to the cervix and only rarely extended into the uterus. Chlamydial infection could only be established during specific periods of the estrus cycle (metestrus-2, diestrus, and proestrus; P less than .001), stages when leukocytes are present in the vaginal smear. Thus, chlamydial infection of the cervix is cycle-dependent in the mouse. In summary, infection of the cervix of the mouse has been established with a human oculogenital strain of C. trachomatis and may be useful as a model of human chlamydial cervicitis. PMID- 6541672 TI - Treatment of serious gram-negative infections with aztreonam. AB - Aztreonam (SQ 26,776) is the first parenteral monobactam agent to be used in patient trials. The agent has significant activity in vitro against facultative aerobic gram-negative bacteria but not against gram-positive or anaerobic bacteria. Aztreonam was used for a year to treat 106 hospitalized patients with a total of 131 documented gram-negative infections. Important exclusion criteria included granulocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, meningitis, patients less than 13 years of age, pregnancy, and history of anaphylaxis to penicillin. In this study of 35 men and 71 women, there were 67 cases of pyelonephritis (25% bacteremic), 19 of pneumonia (16% bacteremic), 10 of skin or soft-tissue infections, 9 cases of osteomyelitis, and 6 cases of postpartum endometritis. During the study period, 159 facultative aerobic gram-negative bacteria were tested for aztreonam susceptibility, and 144 (91%) were found to be susceptible. Eighty percent of infections were cured by both clinical and microbiological criteria and each of the other 26 infections showed clinical improvement. Eradication of the infecting organism was achieved in 89% of infections without adverse reaction or drug toxicity. PMID- 6541673 TI - The intrarenal distribution of aztreonam in healthy and diseased kidneys: clinical therapeutic implications. AB - Using a healthy canine model, we evaluated the influence of renal physiological activity on the stability, intrarenal distribution, and clearance of aztreonam and compared the results with the concentrations of aztreonam that can be achieved in the scarred devitalized renal tissues of patients with end-stage kidney disease. Renal physiological activity significantly modulates the intrarenal distribution of aztreonam. During the production of maximally acid concentrated urine, urinary aztreonam levels, clearance rates, and inner zone renal tissue concentrations are increased. Aztreonam concentrations in the parenchyma of severely diseased kidneys are significantly reduced in comparison with healthy tissues; nonetheless, the values are similar to concurrent serum drug levels, a result suggesting that treatment may provide adequate coverage for aztreonam-susceptible organisms. PMID- 6541674 TI - Selective decontamination of the digestive tract with aztreonam: a study of 10 healthy volunteers. AB - Aztreonam, a minimally absorbable monobactam antibiotic that is active primarily against gram-negative bacilli, was given orally to 10 healthy volunteers in three regimens: 60 mg, 300 mg, and 1,500 mg daily for five days. The regimens were administered at least two weeks apart so that the flora could return to normal. Aztreonam had no effect on oropharyngeal flora cultured every other day. Fecal cultures from volunteers receiving the 300-mg regimen yielded no gram-negative bacilli after an average of 4.4 days of treatment. Administration of the highest dose gave similar results, albeit after a shorter interval (3.0 days). None of the regimens appreciably influenced total microscopic (anaerobic) bacterial counts in the feces. However, during administration of the 1,500-mg regimen, fecal counts of enterococci increased from an average of approximately 10(4)/g to greater than 10(7)/g, and fecal counts of yeasts tended to increase by the end of the five-day treatment period. Fecal concentrations of aztreonam increased as the dose increased in eight volunteers. No aztreonam was recovered from the feces of two volunteers, perhaps because of drug inactivation. PMID- 6541675 TI - [Application of monoclonal antibodies to sperm and egg antigens for analysis of fertilization mechanism]. PMID- 6541676 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor and multiplication-stimulating activity II, but not multiplication-stimulating activity III-2, stimulate [3H]thymidine and [35S]sulphate incorporation by fetal rat costal cartilage in vitro. AB - The actions of partially purified porcine platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and highly purified multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) II and MSA III-2, which are somatomedins, were investigated on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [35S]sulphate by fetal rat costal cartilage in vitro. This was compared with their effects in the presence of 1% fetal calf serum (FCS) on the uptake of thymidine by growth-arrested fetal rat fibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor at concentrations of 0.21-21 micrograms/l enhanced the incorporation of both isotopes by fetal cartilage in the presence of 1% FCS, but had an inconsistent action on thymidine uptake and no significant action on sulphate uptake in serum-free medium. Platelet-derived growth factor promoted thymidine uptake by growth-arrested, isolated fetal rat fibroblasts. Multiplication stimulating activity II (10-100 micrograms/l) stimulated the uptake of thymidine and sulphate by fetal cartilage in medium containing 1% FCS but had no consistent action in serum-free medium, although MSA II and PDGF had a synergistic effect on thymidine uptake in the absence of serum. Multiplication-stimulating activity III 2 had no consistent action on thymidine or sulphate incorporation by fetal cartilage in either serum-free or serum-supplemented medium. However, the same preparation of MSA III-2 stimulated the uptake of [3H]thymidine into fetal rat fibroblasts with a half-maximal response at a concentration of 5-10 micrograms/l. The results identify PDGF as a possible mitogenic agent for fetal rat connective tissues in vitro and show a differential sensitivity of fetal cartilage to MSA peptides. PMID- 6541677 TI - The biological function of Pavlovian conditioning: the best defense is a good offense. AB - Signaled presentations of a rival male produce an aggressive conditional response in several species of fish. Although conditioning of such species-specific display behavior has been described previously, the biological function of this learning phenomenon has remained unknown. I present experimental evidence that signaled territorial intrusion enables a male blue gourami to defend his territory more aggressively than when the intruder is unsignaled. In Experiment 1, pairs of territorial males, with different conditioning histories, confronted one another for the first time. One member of the pair previously had received Pavlovian conditioning, whereas the other pair member had received explicitly unpaired presentations of the same signal--conditional stimulus (CS)--and rival male--unconditional stimulus (US). In the subsequent encounter, which was signaled by CS presentation, Pavlovian males delivered significantly more bites and tailbeatings than did their control group opponents. Experiment 2 relied upon a different control procedure, a US-only condition, but, again, Pavlovian males enjoyed a significant aggressive advantage. These results suggest an important ecological role for Pavlovian conditioning. PMID- 6541678 TI - High resolution isoelectric focusing in a narrow pH interval for the phenotyping of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc-globulin). AB - A routine method for the analysis of Vitamin D-binding protein (Gc-globulin) phenotypes has been developed. The assay is based on isoelectric focusing in a narrow pH interval (4.5-5.4) using Agarose IEF (1%) or polyacrylamide (T5% C3%) gels, followed by immunofixation. When focused in this pH gradient the anodal and cathodal bands of the phenotype Gc 1-2 are separately by 16-18 mm. The "fast" and "slow" bands of the phenotype Gc 1-1 can also be easily distinguished from each other. The isoelectric focusing technique which has been developed resolves the Vitamin D-binding protein phenotypes in a fast, convenient and reproducible manner. Since agarose gels are so easy to cast and process, Agarose IEF is recommended as the matrix of choice. PMID- 6541679 TI - Immunoassays for measles virus nucleocapsid antigen: effect of antigen-antibody complexes. AB - An inhibition radioimmunoassay and a two-site immunoradiometric (four-layer) assay for the quantification of measles virus nucleocapsid antigen were established and their sensitivities compared. Both assays exhibited threshold sensitivities of from 1 to 10 ng nucleocapsid antigen per ml. Concentrations of reagents used in the assays were shown to be an important factor determining the sensitivities of the assays. Purified mumps or parainfluenza 2 virus nucleocapsids did not compete with measles virus nucleocapsids in the inhibition assay but some degree of cross-reactivity with canine distemper virus nucleocapsid was observed. Pretreatment of virus-infected cells with detergent had a significant effect on the amount of antigen detectable by the assays. SDS greatly decreased the reactivity of measles virus nucleocapsid but Triton X-100 and, to a larger degree, sodium deoxycholate released antigen from the cells in quantities greater than that detected when no detergent pretreatment was employed. Complexing of antibodies to measles virus nucleocapsids in vitro decreased dramatically the threshold sensitivity of the nucleocapsid assays. The antigen-antibody complexes could be disrupted and the components separated but the conditions employed destroyed 90% of the antigenic reactivity of the nucleocapsid and also had a deleterious effect on the antibody. Nucleocapsid antigen was readily detected in brains from hamsters with acute measles encephalitis. The assays, however, were not sensitive enough for routine detection of antigen in brains from hamsters with chronic measles encephalitis. PMID- 6541680 TI - Promotion of microtubule assembly by neurofilament-associated microtubule associated proteins. AB - Intact neurofilaments (NF) purified from mammalian brain and spinal cord promote the assembly of microtubules in solutions of pure phosphocellulose (PC)-purified tubulin. This assembly is temperature-dependent and is inhibited by mitotic spindle inhibitors. The ability of NF to induce microtubule formation is 20% of that of purified microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), whereas MAPs comprise less than 5% of the protein in the NF preparations. The inducing activity of NF is rapidly lost on boiling. When intact NF are incubated with PC-tubulin and then centrifuged, tubulin is sedimented together with the filaments. This association is inhibited by colchicine and podophyllotoxin and is cold-sensitive. NF purified to homogeneity under denaturing conditions and then reassembled completely lack the ability to promote the assembly of PC-tubulin or to bind tubulin on a centrifugation assay. No MAPs are present in these preparations, though these filaments have the ability to bind exogenous MAPs. While these experiments do not rule out an intrinsic microtubule-assembly-promoting activity, they suggest that this activity is due to nontriplet proteins in the preparation, most likely filament-associated MAPs. PMID- 6541681 TI - The isolation and identification of trichothecene metabolites from a plant pathogenic strain of Myrothecium roridum. PMID- 6541682 TI - Hemangioblastoma presenting with intraparenchymatous hemorrhage. AB - The authors report six cases of hemangioblastoma presenting with apoplectic symptoms but with no history related to the tumor. In each case, computerized tomography disclosed an intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, which was located supratentorially in four and in the cerebellum in the remaining two. Angiography revealed an abnormal vascular blush in two cases, but no abnormal vessels or tumor blush in the other four. In all cases, a solid tumor with abnormal vessels, such as red veins and feeding arteries, was found within or adjacent to the hemorrhage at surgery. The possibility of hemangioblastoma should be kept in mind as a cause of intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, particularly subcortical. Evacuation of the hematoma should be carefully carried out, and the whole hematoma wall should be thoroughly investigated for abnormal vessels or a solid mass. PMID- 6541683 TI - Ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in monkey (Macaca fascicularis) knee joint capsule. AB - Ultrastructural studies of sensory endings in monkey posterior medial knee joint capsule were undertaken. Three distinct sensory nerve endings have been identified: free nerve endings, Ruffini corpuscles, and Pacinian corpuscles. The free nerve endings are present in all layers of the joint capsule excluding the synovium. Two types of Ruffini corpuscles have been found in the fibrous layer. The first type is characterized by a thin perineurial capsule, the second type by a thicker perineurial capsule and extensive intra-capsular space. Both types of Ruffini corpuscles are innervated by approximately one to four myelinated axons which lose their sheaths as they course through the corpuscle. They terminate on collagen fiber bundles as distinct swellings with spiny membrane projections that are covered by a thin basal lamina. These terminals contain abundant mitochondria, agranular vesicles, and irregularly arranged neurofilaments and neurotubules. Two types of Pacinian corpuscles were occasionally observed. The first was a small, typically laminated structure with an inner core at the layer between the synovium and the fibrous layer and between the fibrous layer and muscle/ligament; larger Vater-Pacinian corpuscles were noted only at the boundary between the fibrous layer and the muscle/ligament layer. PMID- 6541684 TI - [Carrageenins-induced otitis media in animal]. PMID- 6541685 TI - [Histopathological analyses of experimentally induced otitis media with effusion]. PMID- 6541686 TI - [Ultracytochemical studies on the filaments of myoepithelial cell in the human salivary gland]. PMID- 6541687 TI - [Protective effect of fosfomycin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats]. PMID- 6541688 TI - Hatching, chemokinesis, and transformation of miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Hatching, chemokinesis, and transformation of miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni were examined with a light microscope equipped with a video recording system. Saline, linearly and reversibly, inhibited miracidial hatching and swimming. Both hatching and swimming were inhibited at 4 C and 12 C and accelerated at 34 C relative to rates at 22 C. Hatching was an explosive event that began with ciliary beating when the egg was placed in artificial pond water (APW) and culminated in the parasite's escape from the shell in 100 to 300 msec. Broken egg shells had sharp, complementary edges. Neither miracidia nor eggs swelled prior to hatching. Accumulation of miracidia in a spot of snail conditioned water (SCW) occurred rapidly due to a 60-75% decrease in the exit rate from the spot, rather than by an increase in the entry rate. The turning rate in SCW increased tenfold and the time spent in the spot was 6 times that of controls. Eserine sulfate inhibited miracidial turning and accumulation in SCW. Parasites accumulated in a spot of serotonin by increasing their rate of turning. Miracidia transformed to sporocysts in either complex media containing serum, RPMI-1640, Hanks' salts or phosphate buffered saline, but not in amino acids or vitamins. Transformation was inhibited when miracidia were incubated with serotonin or when miracidia had not been exposed previously to APW. PMID- 6541689 TI - Comparison of the rhythmic emergence of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae from Biomphalaria glabrata in different lighting regimens. PMID- 6541690 TI - Further indication of viability of larvae of the hookworm (Uncinaria lucasi) for several years in tissues of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). PMID- 6541691 TI - Progress in perinatal medicine III. 3rd International Berlin Meeting of Perinatal Medicine. 10th and 11th November 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6541692 TI - Hydrolytic deactivation of kyotorphin by the rodent brain homogenates and sera. AB - A simple analytical assay method for kyotorphin was developed by the use of amino acid analyzer and the deactivation of kyotorphin in biological media was studied with this method. Kyotorphin was hydrolyzed rapidly by enzymes in serum and brain of rat and mouse, but L-tyrosyl-D-arginine was not. The hydrolysis activity was much higher in brain than in serum. The apparent Michaelis' constants, Km, were of the order of 10(-5) for brain and 10(-4) M for serum in both species. The hydrolysis of kyotorphin was strongly inhibited by bestatin (Ki = 0.1 microM). Thus the hydrolysis might be attributed to aminopeptidase(s). A dose of 50 micrograms of bestatin administered intracisternally potentiated the analgesic activity of kyotorphin by 4.8 times or so. Thus kyotorphin seems to be deactivated by bestatin-sensitive aminopeptidase(s) in brain. PMID- 6541693 TI - Biological properties of human tissue-type plasminogen activator obtained by expression of recombinant DNA in mammalian cells. AB - Human tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), obtained by expression in mammalian cells of recombinant DNA coding for the entire sequence of t-PA (rt PA), was compared with natural activator from melanoma cell culture (mt-PA). In an in vitro system, composed of [125I]fibrinogen-labeled plasma clot suspended in circulating human plasma, rt-PA and mt-PA caused a very similar dose-related degree of fibrinolysis without causing extensive fibrinolytic activation and fibrinogen breakdown in the surrounding plasma. Urokinase only induced fibrinolysis at a 5- to 10-fold higher concentration and in association with extensive fibrinogenolysis. Intravenous injection of mixtures of labeled (0.4 microCi/kg) and unlabeled (2000 I.U./kg) mt-PA or rt-PA resulted in a rapid but similar disappearance of activity from plasma (T1/2 of 3 min) and specific accumulation of tracer in the liver. In rabbits with experimental jugular vein thrombosis, rt-PA and mt-PA caused a very similar dose-dependent thrombolysis without causing substantial systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system and fibrinogenolysis. Urokinase induced significant thrombolysis only at a 10-fold higher dose and this was associated with systemic fibrinolytic activation. Infusion of 96,000 I.U./kg (approximately equal to 1 mg/kg) of mt-PA or rt-PA over 4 hr induced approximately 70% lysis, whereas a 10-fold higher dose of urokinase yielded 35 to 40% lysis. Two subfractions of rt-PA differing in the extent of glycosylation had very similar thrombolytic properties. It is concluded that the potentially more readily available rt-PA could constitute a specific, fibrin-selective thrombolytic agent. PMID- 6541695 TI - Premenstrual tension. PMID- 6541694 TI - Pentazocine-tripelennamine ("T's and Blues") substitution studies in morphine dependent rodents. AB - Tripelennamine, pentazocine and various pentazocine-tripelennamine combinations were tested for their ability to substitute for morphine in morphine-dependent rodents. Rats and mice were rendered physically dependent on morphine by the Drug Admixed Food Method. Pentazocine produced a dose-related partial suppression of morphine withdrawal signs in mice, as well as in both mildly and severely dependent rats. Tripelennamine did not suppress morphine withdrawal signs, but rather aggravated them. Furthermore, tripelennamine did not potentiate the ability of pentazocine to suppress morphine withdrawal signs. It is concluded that the primary reason for the reported "street" abuse of the tripelennamine pentazocine combinations is not related to any remarkable ability of the combination to effectively suppress the discomfort of heroin withdrawal. PMID- 6541696 TI - Chestnut explosion injury to mouth. PMID- 6541697 TI - Cesarean section. Assessment of the convenience factor. AB - To assess the potential input of physician convenience on the performance of cesarean sections (C-sections), analysis of C-sections by time of day and day of the week was undertaken at four Chicago-area hospitals. The primary C-section rate at the University of Chicago Chicago Lying-In Hospital, with a relatively high-risk patient population and a full-time salaried resident and faculty staff, was lower than at three other hospitals staffed predominantly by private practitioners. Indications for primary C-sections were classified as "acute," "semiacute" or "nonacute." Acute and semiacute C-sections were performed without demonstrated time biases in regard to the time of day or the day of the week at all four hospitals. Nonacute C-sections (70% cephalopelvic disproportion) were not performed as frequently at night (12-8 A.M.) as at other times at three of the four hospitals, but there were no differences in the individual characteristics of the outcomes of such deliveries between day and night. There was also no Friday afternoon or Monday morning frequency increase. The data failed to reveal significant variations in the performance of acute C-sections but did show day-night variability in C-sections done for non-acute indications. PMID- 6541698 TI - Disproval of an apparent goat x sheep hybrid. AB - Samples of whole blood of a Boergoat buck (60,XY), and ewe (54,XX) and her heterosexual twins were cytogenetically examined. The female offspring had hair and seemed to be a cross between the two animals. However, both twins possessed 54 chromosomes, including 6 large submetacentric autosomes, whose R- and G banding patterns were identical to those of the ewe. PMID- 6541699 TI - Bionomics and vector potential of Leptoconops foulki and L. knowltoni (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in the lower desert of southern California, USA. PMID- 6541700 TI - Observations on adult bionomics and larval ecology of Leptoconops torrens (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) during an outbreak in the Coachella Valley of southern California, USA. PMID- 6541701 TI - Immunologic and inflammatory responses during pregnancy. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis commonly improves markedly during pregnancy, and it has been suggested that this reflects a decrease in immunological or inflammatory effector mechanisms. We elicited a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to Burro RBC, by injection of primed lymphocytes and antigen into murine footpads. The swelling induced in footpads of pregnant mice was not significantly different from that seen in controls, nor was the response to a non-immunologic inflammatory stimulus, carrageenan, decreased in pregnant mice. On the other hand, a defect in the priming or induction phase of a primary DTH response was impaired in pregnancy, but whether this is relevant to the pregnancy induced remission of rheumatoid arthritis remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 6541703 TI - Stereological estimation of average cell volume in monolayer culture by combined light and electron microscopy. AB - In order to convert stereological ratio estimates into 'absolute' values ('per cell' values) the average cell volume must be estimated. The present paper describes a stereological method based on well-known point counting procedures for the estimation of average cell volumes in monolayer cultures fixed in situ. This method involves estimation of the average attachment area per cell by light microscopy combined with estimation of the attachment membrane surface density by electron microscopy. There is no need for any assumption as to cellular or nuclear shape. The method has been tested on an established cell line, NHIK 3025, and shows a good accuracy. It has also been used to analyse the volume changes that take place in human monocytes during monolayer culture, demonstrating a 28 fold increase of the average cell volume over 10 days. PMID- 6541704 TI - Crystallization of human plasma apo-retinol-binding protein. AB - Crystals of three forms of human plasma apo-retinol-binding protein have been obtained using the procedure described for the holoprotein. The apoprotein was prepared by a novel method, which uses hydrophobic interaction and immobilized dye chromatography. The three forms were separated by fast protein liquid chromatography. All of the crystals are isomorphous and diffract to 2.5 A resolution. These crystals will be useful for studies of the mechanism of binding of retinol to its carrier using X-ray diffraction techniques. PMID- 6541702 TI - Histidyl residues at the active site of the Na/succinate co-transporter in rabbit renal brush borders. AB - Mono-, dicarboxylic acid-, and D-glucose transport were measured in brush border vesicles from renal cortex after treatment with reagents known to modify terminal amino, lysyl, epsilon-amino, guanidino, serine/threonine, histidyl, tyrosyl, tryptophanyl and carboxylic residues. All three sodium-coupled co-transport systems proved to possess sulfhydryl (and maybe tryptophanyl sulfhydryl, disulfide, thioether and tyrosyl) residues but not at the substrate site or at the allosteric cavity for the Na co-ion. Histidyl groups seem to be located in the active site of the dicarboxylic transporter in that the simultaneous presence of Na and succinate protects the transporter against the histidyl specific reagent diethylpyrocarbonate. Lithium, which specifically competes for sodium sites in the dicarboxylic acid transporter, substantially blocked the protective effect of Na and succinate. Hydroxylamine specifically reversed the covalent binding of diethylpyrocarbonate to the succinate binding site. The pH dependence of the Na/succinate cotransport is consistent with an involvement of histidyl and sulfhydryl residues. We conclude that a histidyl residue is at, or is close to, the active site of the dicarboxylate transporter in renal brush border membranes. PMID- 6541705 TI - Arrangement of protofilaments in two forms of tubulin crystal induced by vinblastine. AB - Tubulin crystals produced by incubation with vinblastine sulphate have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and density measurement. The results show that crystals produced in vitro from bovine brain tubulin are made of packed helices, each consisting of a single continuous protofilament, whereas crystals produced in vivo in sea urchin eggs are built from pairs of such helices. The symmetry, cell dimensions, percentage protein and composition of the crystals are consistent with either 24 or 30 tubulin monomers per turn of the helix. The sea urchin egg crystals are more highly ordered and thus more suitable for further analysis. PMID- 6541706 TI - Effects on the development of offspring of female mice exposed to platinum sulfate or sodium hexachloroplatinate during pregnancy or lactation. AB - On d 7 or 12 of gestation or on d 2 postpartum, Swiss ICR dams were administered either (1) a single intragastric dose of Pt(SO4) at the LD1 level or dilute H2SO4 at an equivalent volume, pH, and sulfate content, or (2) a single subcutaneous dose of Na2PtCl6 or phosphate-buffered saline at an equivalent volume and pH. To differentiate prenatal from postnatal effects of the compounds on the offspring, a full cross-fostering design was employed. Rate of growth (as a function of weight gain) and gross activity of the neonates were assessed on d 8 or 13 postpartum. On d 60-65 postpartum, open-field behavior (ambulations and rearings), rotarod performance, and passive avoidance learning of the adult offspring were investigated. Exposure to Pt(SO4)2 resulted in reduced offspring weight from d 8 to 45 postpartum, whereas the major effect of Na2PtCl6 was a reduction in activity level of the offspring of mothers exposed on d 12 of gestation. PMID- 6541707 TI - Dietary treatment of acute diarrhea: comparison between cow's milk and a soy formula without disaccharides. PMID- 6541708 TI - Continuous quantification of urethral competence with a new tube-foil sleeve catheter. AB - Increasing urethral occlusion pressures were created with an artificial sphincter in bladder-urethra specimens of adult female pigs. Antegrade urethral perfusion pressures, at 19.5 ml./min. through a flexible F8 urethral catheter with an F12 outflow sleeve of tube-foil, closely approximated the associated intravesical pressures at which leakage from the noncatheterized urethra starts. With this new technique, leakage pressure and thus urethral competence can be measured accurately and continuously, almost independently from bladder pressure and pelvic floor movement. PMID- 6541709 TI - Algorithm for the determination of projected urethral lumen cross-sections and shape functions. AB - A method used to obtain computer graphic representations of projected urethral lumen cross-sections is described. The cross-sectional area of the lumen is measured accurately at all stages of voiding. Two methods of background subtraction are considered, direct subtraction from nonvoiding x-rays and subtraction from a least squares regression line. The projected cross-sections are described by simple shape functions. These shape descriptors increase the technique's potential application by providing a quantitative measure of the projected cross-sections. PMID- 6541710 TI - Conservative treatment of female stress incontinence with imipramine. AB - The results of a clinical study of conservative treatment of women with stress incontinence are presented. A daily dose of 75 mg. imipramine hydrochloride was given for 4 weeks. Special attention was paid to the effects of imipramine on the functional urethral length and maximum urethral closure pressure. A total of 21 women (71 per cent) stated that they were continent after treatment with imipramine, while 9 (29 per cent) did not improve and treatment was stopped. According to our results, imipramine extended the functional urethral length and made it independent of stress factors in women who were continent after treatment with imipramine. In patients with persistent incontinence the functional urethral length was extended significantly but was shortened with stress despite imipramine therapy. We believe that imipramine could be an alternative treatment in selected cases with stress incontinence. PMID- 6541711 TI - Management of recurrent urinary stress incontinence by the Marshall-Marchetti Krantz vesicourethropexy. AB - We studied 114 women who underwent the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz vesicourethropexy as a secondary procedure for recurrent stress incontinence. Of 99 patients for whom data were available the first operation consisted of vaginal procedures only in 57 (group 1) and suprapubic procedures somewhat related to our method of vesicourethropexy in 42 (group 2). The success rate for group 1 was 80 per cent, while it was 90 per cent for group 2. Cured and improved rates were similar (95 to 96 per cent, respectively). Significant complications occurred in 12.6 per cent of the patients. The high success rate combined with a reasonably long followup indicates that a repeat Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz vesicourethropexy certainly is warranted and can be expected to provide a good result in at least 90 per cent of the cases. PMID- 6541712 TI - Malignant catarrhal fever in a Shira's moose (Alces alces shirasi Nelson). PMID- 6541713 TI - Snuff-induced hypertension in pheochromocytoma. AB - The dipping of snuff provoked paroxysmal hypertension that induced myocardial ischemia in a 69-year-old woman with pheochromocytoma. The diagnosis of her tumor was delayed by a report of a falsely low urine metanephrine level, resulting from interference with the metanephrine assay by meglumine present in the urine because of contrast coronary angiography performed on the day of urine collection. PMID- 6541714 TI - A prospective randomized trial of central venous catheter removal versus intravenous amphotericin B in febrile neutropenic patients. AB - Empiric amphotericin B therapy was compared to central venous catheter Githdrawal in a prospective randomized trial. Of 32 febrile, neutropenic patients with indwelling Broviac catheters and without documented infection, 14 had persistent fever while receiving broad spectrum antibacterial drugs. Six patients were randomized to catheter removal and eight patients received amphotericin B empirically. None of six patients responded to catheter removal and six of eight defervesced after receiving antifungal therapy (p less than 0.01). Of the six patients in whom catheters were removed, two later became afebrile while on subsequent therapy with amphotericin B. Culture and histologic evaluation of the removed catheters failed to implicate the prosthesis as an infectious source. Central venous catheters in a persistently febrile neutropenic host need not be removed, unless local difficulties or bacteremia with skin commensal organisms occur. Amphotericin B can be infused through a central venous catheter in febrile, neutropenic patients unresponsive to empiric antibacterial drugs, with many patients becoming afebrile as a result of this therapy. PMID- 6541715 TI - An evaluation of peripheral essential amino acid infusion following major surgery. AB - To assess postoperative progress 43 patients undergoing major abdominal procedures were randomized to be given normal postoperative electrolyte solutions alone or with the addition of 400 ml of essential amino acids. Postoperative measurements confirmed a nitrogen retention significant at 0.1%. Decreased breakdown of muscle was also shown by measuring the upper arm muscle circumference and by following the grip strength. Those treated had no significant muscle loss postoperatively but there was significant loss in those not receiving amino acids. The intravenous cannulae survived equally well in both groups. There was no demonstrable difference in the overall clinical progress. PMID- 6541716 TI - Reference values for arm muscle area, arm fat area, subscapular skinfold thickness, and sum of skinfold thicknesses for American adults. AB - Reference values for the mid-upper arm muscle area, mid-upper arm fat area, subscapular skinfold thickness, and sum of triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses of American adults were developed from data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics during the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971 to 1974. The reference values were compared to other reference values derived from a similarly conducted cross-sectional survey of the American population, the Health Examination Survey of 1960 to 1962. These comparisons revealed that arm muscle area and subscapular skinfold thickness of men and arm muscle area of women continuously increase with aging from 18 to 74 yr; arm fat area and sum of skinfold thicknesses of men increase with aging from 18 to 34 yr but stabilize or decrease with further aging; and arm fat area, subscapular skinfold thickness, and sum of skinfold thicknesses of women increase with aging from 18 to 64 yr but decrease thereafter. As these parameters frequently change more than 20% over the period of a single decade, it is important that age be considered in nutritional evaluations based on anthropometric measurements. Changes in these four parameters with successive generations are also frequently large. Consequently, it is imperative that the reference values used in nutritional assessment protocols be updated at regular intervals. PMID- 6541717 TI - Delayed pneumothorax: a complication of subclavian vein catheterization. AB - Subclavian catheterization is a reliable, well-described technique of central venous access for a variety of indications. Significant complications are associated with the procedure. Detection of the majority of complications is afforded by the postinsertion chest x-ray. Delayed pneumothorax, a relatively unrecognized complication of subclavian catheterization, is caused by a slow pleural air leak which appears to be associated with the "difficult" insertion as illustrated by three case reports. A repeat or "delayed" chest roentgenogram should be considered in the following situations: Difficult subclavian insertions requiring multiple attempts. Suspicion of pleural injury such as aspiration of air during insertion or subcutaneous emphysema with a normal postinsertion chest x-ray. The presence of another major complication. If the patient complains of persistent pleuritic or back pain after insertion. Preoperatively after previous difficult insertion of a central venous line. Postoperatively when a subclavian catheter is inserted intraoperatively. PMID- 6541718 TI - Air embolism caused by rupture of a silicone central venous catheter. PMID- 6541719 TI - Bacterial contamination of the feeding bag during catheter jejunostomy: exogenous or endogenous Origin? PMID- 6541720 TI - Indirect calorimetry system for assessment of resting energy expenditure. PMID- 6541721 TI - Improved fine needle catheter introducing set for safer central vein cannulation. PMID- 6541722 TI - Thermoelastic effect in chemically skinned frog skeletal muscle in rigor. AB - The thermoelasticity in rigor muscle was investigated using chemically skinned frog sartorius muscles. The use of chemically skinned muscles enabled us to study the thermoelasticity under various intracellular circumstances. Effects on the thermoelasticity of the presence or the absence of Ca and the lowering of pH in the rigor solution were investigated. All values of the thermoelastic heat: tension ratios obtained under various circumstances were within the range reported for active muscles. In rigor state, the cross-bridges are fixed on the thin filaments and head can no longer rotate. Hence the present results indicate that the thermoelasticity in active muscles originates from the thermoelasticity of the myofilaments or the cross-bridges. PMID- 6541724 TI - [Results of the treatment for pure seminoma of the testis]. PMID- 6541723 TI - [Effective combined therapy of selective beta 1-adrenergic antagonist and selective beta 2-adrenergic agonist in a patient with bronchial asthma and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6541725 TI - [Study of functional roles played by the sacral cord and pons on micturition]. PMID- 6541728 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis]. PMID- 6541726 TI - [Morphologic indicators of right-ventricular diastolic capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6541727 TI - [Noninvasive studies of the systolic phase and left-ventricular myocardial contractility in primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6541729 TI - [Clinico-morphologic features of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis]. PMID- 6541730 TI - [Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: analysis of the basic echocardiographic signs by means of uni- and 2-dimensional studies]. AB - Forty patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortal stenosis were examined using one- and two-dimensional echocardiography. The two-dimensional method was found to be more informative in assessing the major symptoms of the disease. Two dimensional examination allows a more accurate evaluation of the condition of the ventricular septum and the forward systolic movement of the mitral valve, thus helping to avoid the hyperdiagnosis of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortal stenosis. PMID- 6541731 TI - [Cortisol secretion in patients with hyperprolactinemia syndrome]. PMID- 6541732 TI - Correlation of hepatic cytosolic androgen binding proteins with androgen induction of hepatic microsomal ethylmorphine N-demethylase in the rat. AB - Previous reports have demonstrated the presence of moderate to high affinity binding for androgens in the cytosol of livers from male rats. This binding was significantly lower in female rats or in immature rats of either sex. The hepatic androgen binding protein, which sedimented at approx. 4 S on sucrose density gradients, has been called a receptor which mediates the actions of androgens in the liver. The experiments in the present study were designed to evaluate the hepatic androgen binding protein for characteristics which have been attributed to receptors in other tissues and to correlate the presence of androgen binding with androgen induction of hepatic drug metabolism. In the current studies, we have shown that cytosol from the livers of male rats bound [3H]dihydrotestosterone [( 3H]DHT) and translocated this steroid ligand to the nucleus in a time and temperature dependent manner. Cytosol prelabeled with [3H]DHT, when passed over a column of denatured DNA cellulose, eluted in three radioactive peaks. Two of these peaks were absent when cytosol from livers of female or hypophysectomized males was used. In addition, the presence of high concentrations of hepatic androgen binding correlated well with the ability of androgen to induce ethylmorphine N-demethylase, a marker of microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolism. Values for both parameters were higher in males than in either females or hypophysectomized males. Testosterone treatment induced both parameters in ovariectomized females and 17 beta-estradiol repressed both in males. However, testosterone treatment failed to induce hepatic androgen binding in hypophysectomized males and immature males, both of which are also unresponsive to androgen induction of drug metabolism. The results suggest that one or more hepatic cytosolic androgen binding proteins possess several characteristics associated with steroid receptors in reproductive tract tissue. Furthermore, this binding may be implicated as a mediator for the androgen induction of at least one component of hepatic drug metabolism. PMID- 6541733 TI - Oxidoreductive and hydroxylating metabolism of progesterone in rat liver epithelial cell lines. AB - Mechanisms and sequences of reduction and hydroxylation of progesterone into 6 hydroxypregnanolones were studied in proliferating rat liver epithelial cell cultures. These cell lines had an intense metabolic activity and all the metabolites were unconjugated. The formation of 3 alpha,6 alpha- and 3 beta,6 alpha-dihydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one was observed when the cells were incubated with progesterone, 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3 alpha- or 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one and 6 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione but not with 6 alpha- or 6 beta-hydroxyprogesterone, 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3 alpha- or 3 beta-hydroxy-5 beta-pregnan-20-one. These findings indicate that the potential precursors of the 6 alpha-hydroxypregnanolones have a 5 alpha-configuration. The reduction of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione at C-3 followed by a 6 alpha hydroxylation can be postulated as the major, if not the only, metabolic pathway. However, the possibility that 6 alpha-hydroxylation may occur prior to reduction of the C-3 oxo group cannot be entirely ruled out. The stereospecificity of reduction at C-5 and hydroxylation at C-6 are discussed and compared with 6 hydroxylated progesterone metabolites found in man and some other mammals during pregnancy and the neonatal period. PMID- 6541734 TI - Energy transformation and entropy production in living systems I. Applications to embryonic growth. AB - Generalized material and energy balances are presented for biological systems that experience negligible kinetic, elastic, and potential energy changes. The balances are used to characterize the mass changes and energy transformations that occur in the developing avian embryo, using as an example a consistent set of data for the chicken egg. It is shown that the rate of total chemical energy turnover by the embryo is a quantity of interest and that this rate is not necessarily equivalent to the metabolic rate that is predicted from heat transfer measurements or oxygen consumption rates. The energy required for evaporative water loss is accounted for in the overall energy balance. Using the results of the energy calculations and a generalized expression for the rates of internal and total entropy production, the Prigogine-Wiame hypothesis is examined for the developing embryo with two different assumptions regarding the efficiency of biomass conversion. An order of magnitude analysis of the internal heat conduction term is performed to show that the chemical reaction term dominates the entropy production relation. The constant efficiency case is shown to be in agreement with the Prigogine-Wiame hypothesis for the data used in the analysis. PMID- 6541735 TI - Effect of ten different target tissues on nerve fibre outgrowth from rat sympathetic ganglia in organotypic co-cultures. AB - Sympathetic thoracic chain ganglia of 3-day-old rats were cultured in collagen gel medium for 24 hours together with explants from heart atrium, liver, kidney, cornea, iris, lung, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, skeletal muscle, or vas deferens. The extent of nerve fibre growth was estimated by counting the number of fibres crossing each arc of a sector drawn in the ocular. The various tissues stimulated nerve fibre growth to distinctly different extents. The increase in the nerve fibre outgrowth induced by atrium and iris was statistically highly significant. Kidney, liver, vas deferens, lung, and adrenal cortex had, in that order, a decreasingly stimulatory influence on sympathetic chain ganglia. Yet they all caused a significant increase in nerve fibre growth. Skeletal muscle, cornea and adrenal medulla had no stimulatory effect. Since the significant effects of the tissue explants were abolished by antiserum to nerve growth factor (NGF), it is concluded that the observed effects were due to NGF produced by the explants. The only exception was vas deferens, the stimulatory action of which proved to be partially NGF-independent. PMID- 6541736 TI - Effects of caffeine on aggressive behavior and avoidance learning of rats with isolation syndrome. AB - Caffeine at a dose of 40 mg/kg i.p. administered 60 min before testing for aggressive mouse-killing behavior in Wistar rats with isolation syndrome inhibited mouse-killing response in 48 per cent of the aggressive rats. When injected 60 min before two-way active avoidance training caffeine improved learning in grouped rats, did not facilitate it in isolated non-aggressive rats and significantly improved avoidance behavior in isolated aggressive rats. The antiaggressive effect of caffeine is most probably due to its inhibitory action on phosphodiesterase and the resulting increase of brain cAMP, to the provoked increase of brain 5-HT and to its binding to brain benzodiazepine receptors. The positive effect of caffeine on avoidance learning of isolated aggressive rats is likely due to its indirect stimulant action on the brain dopaminergic system. PMID- 6541738 TI - [Prostaglandin treatment of ductus-dependent congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6541737 TI - [Genital wart virus infections--clinical aspects]. PMID- 6541739 TI - Specific ethanol withdrawal seizures in genetically selected mice. AB - We are selectively breeding mice prone (WSP) and resistant (WSR) to ethanol withdrawal seizures assessed by handling induced convulsions (HIC). The possibility that differences between the lines in HIC scores are a result of differences in general CNS excitability not specific to ethanol withdrawal was examined. Using treatments which produce generalized seizures (electroconvulsive shock, strychnine, and flurothyl) and gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) antagonists (picrotoxin, bicuculline, and pentylentetrazol), the ED50 for seizures was determined in the selected lines. In addition, the sensitivity of WSP and WSR mice to the anticonvulsant actions of ethanol against each treatment was determined. Neither the convulsant amperage 50 (CA50) for ECS nor the ED50 for any drug treatment differed for the selected lines. When ethanol (1.5 g/kg) was administered prior to ECS, there was a dramatic differential suppression of ECS in the lines: the CA50 of WSR mice was elevated 5-fold, whereas the CA50 of WSP mice increased only two fold. Ethanol pretreatment also elevated the ED50 for strychnine and flurothyl in WSR mice significantly more than WSP mice, but the line difference was smaller than for the anticonvulsant effect against ECS. The ED50s for the GABA antagonists were not different between the WSR and WSP lines after ethanol pretreatment. We conclude that genetic selection is producing lines of mice that differ specifically in the degree of seizure severity caused by withdrawal from ethanol physical dependence and not in generalized CNS excitability. An increased sensitivity to the anticonvulsant effects of ethanol against some convulsant treatments has appeared as a correlated response to selection in the WSR line. PMID- 6541740 TI - Increased acidic phospholipids in rat brain membranes after chronic ethanol administration. AB - Two types of plasma membranes isolated from rat brain cortex were used to study the membrane-perturbing properties of ethanol. Rats administered ethanol in the form of a liquid diet showed an increase in levels of phosphatidylserines, phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidic acids as compared to controls. The results present evidence that chronic ethanol treatment results in an increase in the acidic phospholipids in brain membranes. This type of membrane modification may have important implications for the function of membrane transport enzymes such as (Na+, K+)-ATPase, which also increases in activity upon chronic ethanol administration. PMID- 6541742 TI - The definition of euthanasia. PMID- 6541741 TI - Withdrawal and withholding of life-support in terminally ill patients. Part I. PMID- 6541743 TI - A physician's liability for experimental procedures. PMID- 6541744 TI - Legal problems of medical technology in German law. PMID- 6541745 TI - Sterilization of the mentally retarded. PMID- 6541746 TI - An introduction to problems of dental ethics. PMID- 6541747 TI - Antismoking intervention and results on longevity. An international study. PMID- 6541748 TI - Under-estimation of problem drinking through the survey method. PMID- 6541749 TI - The rights of the mental patient in Israel. PMID- 6541750 TI - Cis-platinum-induced renal sodium wasting. AB - A 10-year-old girl with a malignant ovarian germ cell tumor was treated with cis platinum-based chemotherapy. During the third and fourth courses of therapy, the patient developed hyponatremia, hypomagnesemia, and hypocalcemia. Renal sodium wasting was documented to be the cause of the hyponatremia. Despite normalization of serum electrolytes, hyponatremia again occurred during a period of stress following cessation of cis-platinum. Prior work has documented that cis-platinum induced hypomagnesemia is related to renal tubular dysfunction with resulting magnesium wasting. A similar etiology for cis-platinum-induced hyponatremia and renal sodium wasting is proposed. PMID- 6541751 TI - Influence of dietary sodium on the natriuretic activity of atrial tissue. AB - Natriuretic activity of atrial myocardial extracts was determined by bioassay in rats. An extract from rats fed low Na chow for 3 weeks contained significantly greater (P less than 0.01) natriuretic activity than extracts from controls. Extracts from rats fed low Na chow for 1 week or from rats fed normal chow with saline to drink for 1 or 3 weeks did not have significantly different natriuretic activities compared to controls. However, the atrial natriuretic activity of the 3-week saline group was significantly greater (p less than 0.05) than the 1-week saline group. These results indicate that changes in dietary sodium intake are associated with changes in atrial natriuretic activity. However, the precise role of atrial natriuretic factor in sodium homeostasis remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6541752 TI - Progesterone inhibition of Xenopus oocyte adenylate cyclase is not mediated via the Bordetella pertussis toxin substrate. AB - Preincubation of intact Xenopus laevis oocytes with islet-activating protein (IAP) stimulates plasma membrane adenylate cyclase activity measured in the presence of either GTP or 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate. The toxin appears to act by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of a 41,000-D protein in the oocyte plasma membrane that is distinct from the 45,000- and 52,000-D proteins labeled by cholera toxin. Preincubation of intact oocytes with IAP for 2.5 hr inhibits 80% of the ADP-ribosylation of oocyte membranes subsequently prepared and treated in vitro with IAP in the presence of [alpha-32P]NAD. The abilities of progesterone and the P site agonist, 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, to inhibit plasma membrane adenylate cyclase are not inhibited by IAP treatment, but IAP pretreatment abolishes inhibition by acetylcholine. In addition, IAP pretreatment of oocytes slows the time course of germinal vesicle breakdown induced by suboptimal concentrations of progesterone. This effect of toxin upon oocyte maturation is apparently due to its effect upon basal cyclase activity, since IAP has no effect upon the time course of maturation induced by 10 microM progesterone. These results indicate that, even though the oocyte adenylate cyclase does contain a functional Ni subunit, inhibition of Xenopus oocyte adenylate cyclase by progesterone or 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine is not mediated via the Bordetella pertussis toxin substrate. PMID- 6541753 TI - Comparison of DNA-repair synthesis, chromosome aberrations and induction of micronuclei in cultured human fibroblasts, Chinese hamster ovary and central mudminnow (Umbra limi) cells exposed to chemical mutagens. AB - In mammalian cells it has previously been observed that low DNA-repair activity is correlated with high chromosome-aberration frequency. Since fish cells typically express comparatively low amounts of DNA repair, the chromosome aberration test holds potential as a sensitive fish genotoxicity assay. A comparison of in vitro DNA-repair activity showed HF greater than CHO greater than Ul-H = Ul-F following exposure to MNNG and 4NQO. Although peak chromosome aberration frequency varied CHO greater than Ul-H greater than HF, at comparable mutagen concentrations the relationship was Ul-H greater than HF greater than CHO following 4NQO exposure and Ul-H greater than HF = CHO after MNNG exposure. Analyzing for chromosome aberrations at high mutagen concentrations was not possible due to mitotic inhibition/toxicity which varied according to the mutagen and cell line. Micronuclei frequency varied CHO greater than Ul-H greater than HF = Ul-F. In CHO and Ul-H, a 10-15-fold increase over controls compares with only a 2-3-fold increase for HF and Ul-F. These differences are likely related, in part, to the cell-division rate of each line and the coincident repair of the damaged DNA. Reasons for the lack of negative correlation between DNA repair and chromosomal damage in fish cells are discussed. PMID- 6541754 TI - Evaluation of genotoxic potential of vincristine from multiple parameters. AB - The genotoxic potential of vincristine is assessed by in vivo and in vitro cytogenetic assays on two test systems using multiple parameters. In in vivo experiments it was administered intraperitoneally to Swiss albino mice at doses computed on a surface area basis to lie within the therapeutic range. The parameters employed include screening of chromosome mutational activity in bone marrow and meiotic cells for periods covering one spermatogenetic cycle, in vivo SCE analysis and sperm head abnormality assay. In vitro studies included conventional scoring for chromosome mutations from human leucocyte cultures following administration of the drug at doses within the therapeutic range on the basis of blood volume. Strict controls were employed in both test systems. The data were treated by appropriate statistical tests to evaluate their validity. The results of in vivo experiments on somatic as well as meiotic test systems reveal a lack of clastogenic action of the compound. Both sexes respond in an identical fashion regarding this activity. The SCE analysis supports the in vivo nonclastogenic action of vincristine. Total univalents significantly seen with the highest dose after 1 and 2 weeks must be considered as being important as they can lead to aneuploidy. Evidence is adduced from sperm head abnormality assay that the drug induces point mutations. The results from in vitro test system indicate a positive chromosome mutational property. This is substantiated by results of in vitro SCE analysis. A comparison of data from in vivo and in vitro test systems suggests that a metabolic conversion of the compound in the former might render it innocuous for expressing the chromosome mutational activity. They also point out that vincristine evokes a differential clastogenic response in the two test systems despite bringing about an anaphase arrest commonly in both by acting on cytokinesis. PMID- 6541755 TI - Mutagenicity of antiepileptic drugs. II. Phenytoin, primidone and phenobarbital. AB - The antiepileptic drugs, phenytoin, primidone and phenobarbital, were tested in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for their ability to induce sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and structural chromosomal aberrations (CAs), with and without metabolic activation. SCEs and CAs were analyzed in the same cell population. The results are negative. PMID- 6541756 TI - Theophylline reversal of alkylator-induced replicon initiation inhibition: no correlation with DDP-induced cytotoxicity. AB - The synergistic cytotoxic activity exhibited by bifunctional alkylating agents in the presence of methylxanthines has been associated with methylxanthine-induced reversal of alkylator-induced DNA replicon initiation inhibition. This has also been seen with methylxanthines and ionizing irradiation. Methylxanthines do not appear exacerbate drug or ionizing radiation-induced damage. We report here a situation in which methylxanthine-induced reversal of DNA replicon initiation inhibition is not associated with increased cytotoxicity of the alkylator. Murine L1210 leukemia cells were assayed for cytotoxicity following treatment with either L-PAM or cis-DDP in the presence or absence of theophylline. Theophylline increased the cytotoxicity seen after L-PAM treatment but failed to increase the cis-DDP induced cytotoxicity. Analysis of pulse-labeled DNA on alkaline sucrose gradients revealed the expected decrease in DNA replicon initiation in L1210 cells treated with either L-PAM or cis-DDP. Theophylline had no effect on replicon initiation in untreated cells. Theophylline reversed the replicon initiation inhibition in cells treated with either L-PAM or cis-DDP. The reason for the apparent lack of added toxicity of the replicon initiation inhibition reversal in L1210 cells treated with theophylline and DDP is unknown. PMID- 6541757 TI - [Anaerobic lumen and mucosal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - With the model of one-egg twins the importance of the genotype for the development of an individual constant composition of the anaerobic and total microflora of the gut has been shown. Individual characteristics of the mucosal flora have been proved by experimental results of rectum mucosal microflora on normal conditions as well as with appendicitis. In individuals the microflora of the lumen corresponds with that of the mucosa. PMID- 6541758 TI - Acceleration of cerebral noradrenaline turnover after morphine withdrawal and its retardation by acute morphine administration in rats. AB - To clarify the effects of withdrawal from chronic morphine treatment on cerebral noradrenaline (NA) turnover, we have measured the alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MT)-induced depletion of NA in five brain areas of male Wistar rats given morphine twice daily for 40 or 60 days. After the last morphine dose (50 or 70 mg/kg) the rats were withdrawn for 1, 2 or 4 days. In order to study the development of tolerance a challenge dose of 10 mg/kg of morphine was given to some of the rats. Withdrawal of morphine accelerated the alpha MT-induced NA depletion clearly in the hemispheres and the lower brain stem and slightly in the diencephalon. The acceleration was more pronounced in the brains of rats treated for 60 days than of those treated for 40 days. In the hemispheres the acceleration of NA depletion occurred at 1 and 2 days, in the diencephalon at 2 days, and in the lower brain stem at 2 and 4 days after morphine withdrawal. The most pronounced acceleration of NA depletion coincided with the maximum withdrawal-induced weight loss. The challenge dose of morphine clearly retarded the alpha MT-induced NA depletion in the hemispheres of control rats treated chronically with saline. This retardation was even more pronounced in rats withdrawn from chronic morphine treatment for 1 or 2 days. The challenge dose slightly accelerated the alpha MT-induced NA depletion in the lower brain stem of control rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541760 TI - Prolactin plasma levels and its size heterogeneity in acutely uremic rats. AB - The size distribution pattern of circulating rPRL was studied in intact control (C) rats and in three uremic models, namely urine autoinfusion (UA), bilateral ureteral ligation (BUL), and bilateral nephrectomy (BNx). Plasmas were chromatographed by gel filtration in Sephadex G-100. Rat PRL was measured by RIA. The rPRL levels as well as the size distribution pattern of UA were similar to that of C. BUL and BNx showed a similar degree of hyperprolactinemia which corresponded to an increase in little rPRL. The results suggest that acute uremic hyperprolactinemia seems to be the result of accumulation of little rPRL. Acute uremia by itself does not increase rPRL plasma levels nor does it seem to affect the size distribution pattern of circulating rPRL. PMID- 6541761 TI - Tolerance for the decrease in nerve conduction velocity and for the motor impairment produced by ethanol in mice: differential development during chronic ethanol consumption. AB - C57BL/6J/BOM mice were given 15% (w/v) ethanol solution as their sole drinking fluid. Nerve conduction velocities (NCV) and motor coordination (ataxia) of the unanesthetized animals were examined after a single IP injection of 3.0 g ethanol/kg body weight at 6, and 9 months after the start of drinking and after 3 months of abstinence. During chronic consumption of ethanol, tolerance for relative conduction time (RCT) change developed in six months. This tolerance was not observed after 9 months of ethanol treatment. The tolerance for ataxia persisted throughout the period of ethanol treatment. After a three month's abstinence, no differences between the controls and the animals previously on ethanol were observed regarding responses to acute ethanol administration. These observations suggest that different mechanisms underlie the development of tolerance for the effect of ethanol on peripheral nerve conductance and for the ataxia from ethanol in the central nervous system. PMID- 6541759 TI - Retardation of cerebral dopamine turnover after morphine withdrawal and its enhanced acceleration by acute morphine administration in rats. AB - To clarify the effects of withdrawal from chronic morphine treatment on cerebral dopamine (DA) turnover, we have measured the alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (alpha MT) induced depletion of DA in five brain areas of male Wistar rats given morphine twice daily for 40 or 60 days. After the last morphine dose (50 or 70 mg/kg) the rats were withdrawn for 1, 2 or 4 days. In order to study the development of tolerance some of the rats were challenged with 10 mg/kg of morphine. Withdrawal of morphine retarded the alpha MT-induced DA depletion in the limbic forebrain and after long enough chronic treatment in the striatum, too. The challenge dose of morphine accelerated the cerebral DA depletion slightly less in rats withdrawn for 1 day from 60-day chronic morphine treatment than in rats treated chronically with saline, but it enhanced the DA depletion more in rats withdrawn from morphine for 2 and 4 days than in chronic saline rats. This enhancement was clearest in rats withdrawn for 4 days from 60-day treatment. Thus withdrawal from morphine seems to sensitize the rats to the DA depletion accelerating effect of morphine. Our results show that repeated administration of morphine creates no marked tolerance to the DA depletion accelerating effect of morphine. In contrast, the dopaminergic neurones of the chronically treated rats seem to depend on continuous morphine administration for their normal functioning. Furthermore, the retarded DA turnover after discontinuation of morphine treatment seems to sensitize the dopaminergic neurones to the DA depletion accelerating effect of morphine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541763 TI - Aging and daily rhythms of analgesia in mice: effects of natural illumination and twilight. AB - Day-night rhythms in aversive thresholds and morphine-induced analgesia were assessed in young (1-3 months) and old (22-30 months) male mice exposed to natural summer (43 degrees N lat.) lighting using a hot-plate technique. In both age groups peak aversive thresholds and morphine-induced analgesia were present at night, with significantly reduced response times in the day. Response times increased during the course of the day with maximum increases in aversive thresholds and analgesia occurring during the decreasing light levels of dusk. Maximum decreases in the nocturnal response times occurred during the increasing light levels of dawn. The old mice displayed significantly lower nocturnal aversive thresholds and morphine-induced analgesia, as well as less pronounced patterns of change in response times during the dawn and dusk twilight lighting transitions. No significant effects of age were evident during the day-time. PMID- 6541762 TI - Behavioural and neurochemical changes in offspring of rats exposed to methyl mercury during gestation. AB - On day 8 of gestation, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were intubated with 8 mg/kg of methyl mercury (MM). At 15 days of age, stereotyped sniffing was elicited by a challenge dose of apomorphine (1 mg/kg) only in pups prenatally exposed to MM; furthermore, at 22 days of age, the stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine (0.5-1 mg/kg) was significantly potentiated in MM-pretreated animals. Neurochemical data showed that at 22 days of age there was a significant increase of 3H-spiroperidol binding sites in striatal membranes of MM-pretreated rats. At 40 and 60 days of age, these behavioural and neurochemical changes were absent. On the other hand, prenatal exposure to MM influenced neither the effects of a challenge dose of clonidine (0.025 mg/kg) on locomotor activity nor the affinity and the density of alpha-2 adreno-receptors in cortex of 15, 22, 40 and 60 day old rats. The behavioural alterations in the response to apomorphine presumably result from an enhancement of dopamine binding sites induced by MM. Finally, our data further confirm that prenatal MM induces long lasting behavioural alterations which can be accurately displayed by using passive avoidance procedures. PMID- 6541764 TI - Developmental changes of cerebral phenylalanine uptake from severely elevated blood levels. AB - Brain phenylalanine concentrations at plasma levels raised to that in phenylketonuric subjects were studied in rats from fetal through postnatal life. Suppression of the hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase with alpha methylphenylalanine, and injections of age-adjusted doses of phenylalanine on the next day, assured the persistence of the same elevation of plasma levels for at least four hours prior to assay. The net phenylalanine uptake determined under these conditions underwent several-fold decreases between the fourth day and the end of the suckling period, and by about the age of 30 days it was as low as in adulthood. The development of transport properties studied here could contribute to the change with age in the vulnerability of the brain to the same degree of hyperphenylalaninemia and, since the cerebral phenylalanine uptake may decrease to non-damaging levels during childhood, it is pertinent to defining the age at which the rigorous diet of phenylketonurics might be safely relaxed. PMID- 6541765 TI - Primary intracranial choriocarcinoma: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. AB - Among 848 cases of primary intracranial malignancy seen during a 63-year period at a pediatric hospital, there were 2 cases of primary pineal choriocarcinoma. The clinical and laboratory findings of these 2 cases were similar to those of 33 cases of intracranial choriocarcinoma reported in the literature. In 1 patient with precocious puberty, the diagnosis was confirmed by labeling human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) within the tumor, which had been stored for 25 years. In the other patient, who is alive and well 18 months after diagnosis, the response to cranial irradiation and intensive chemotherapy was monitored with serial measurements of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and urinary HCG and with computed tomography. We conclude that intensive chemotherapy, radiation, and tumor resection, if feasible, offer the best chance of curing this otherwise fatal disease. PMID- 6541766 TI - Gamma radiation produced performance decrement in rat as assessed with the accelerod. AB - Early transient incapacitation (ETI) and/or performance decrement (PD) is a reduction in performance during the first 30 min after exposure to a relatively high, rapidly delivered dose of ionizing radiation. The accelerod provides a sensitive measure of functional impairment in neurotoxic evaluations of chemical agents and demonstrates that the motor performance of gamma-radiation-exposed Sprague-Dawley rats was significantly different from that of sham-radiated controls. PMID- 6541768 TI - Retinochoroidectomy ab interno. AB - We evaluated the possibility of using an internal approach to surgically remove a part of the retina and choroid. Preoperative photocoagulation and the use of an endolaser and the vitrophage enabled us to perform retinochoroidectomy ab interno successfully in experimental animals. PMID- 6541767 TI - Enhancement of stereotypy induced by nomifensine in rats during continuous chronic haloperidol treatment. AB - Stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine (0.125 mg/kg s.c.) was inhibited in rats treated continuously for 20 months with haloperidol (1.4-1.6 mg/kg/day) while that induced by a higher dose of apomorphine (1.0 mg/kg s.c.) was enhanced. Stereotypy induced by nomifensine (3.125-25.0 mg/kg i.p.) was not inhibited at any dosage level in haloperidol-treated rats, and was enhanced by higher doses of nomifensine. The results indicate that the behavioural effects of endogenously released dopamine may not remain inhibited in rats undergoing chronic neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 6541769 TI - Foveal photocoagulation from laser iridotomy. AB - Acute and permanent loss of vision has resulted from foveal photocoagulation during argon laser iridotomy. This complication can occur when the laser beam passes through the iridotomy nearly parallel to the visual axis. This is most likely to happen during enlargement of the iridotomy. A retinal burn of the macular region through a peripheral iridotomy was produced experimentally, and the mechanism of this complication is explained. PMID- 6541770 TI - Effects of the CW YAG laser on the human iris and retina. AB - A CW YAG laser was used to coagulate retina and to produce an optical iridotomy in a human eye that was to be enucleated for malignant melanoma at the optic nerve head. Moderate coagulation with the CW YAG laser produced a deep choroidal reaction involving the outer portion of the retina. The inner structure of the fovea remained relatively unaffected. The nerve fiber over the coagulated vessels was unchanged. An optical iridotomy also was produced with the CW YAG. At least ten times more energy was needed to produce retinal photocoagulation with the CW YAG than is generally needed with the argon laser. Retrobulbar anesthesia should be used to prevent pain if extensive coagulation is done. PMID- 6541772 TI - More action due on emergency services. PMID- 6541771 TI - Argon laser destruction of anterior chamber implantation cysts. AB - Five patients with anterior chamber implantation cysts underwent argon laser therapy. Three cysts were eradicated and one shrunk to a small stable remnant within 1 to 5 treatment sessions. One cyst re-formed repeatedly, prompting iridocyclectomy. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 38 months. PMID- 6541773 TI - No hot water! PMID- 6541774 TI - Diagnosing multiple personality disorder. PMID- 6541775 TI - Physicians will feel effects of 1984 tax changes. PMID- 6541776 TI - [Effect of immunosuppressive, anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory agents on experimental glomerulonephritis. V. Purinethol, leukeran, encorton and curantyl]. PMID- 6541777 TI - Immobility reactions: a modified classification. AB - This theoretical paper sets the stage for subsequent experimental reports on mobility and immobility in the Arkansas Line of Nervous Pointer dogs as contrasted with kennel mates of the normal line. Exactly opposite to the normal animals, the nervous dogs show marked inhibition of heart rate and musculoskeletal responses to man, including reduced ambulation and durable immobility following inversion and brief manual restraint in an open sling. The sling immobility of the nervous dogs (which may not differ basically from their freezing in upright position) might be designated as "tonic immobility" (TI). We hypothesize that such immobility, common in laboratory and natural conditions in many species, should be divided into two classes: hypotonic (cataleptic) and hypertonic (catatonic). We provide examples of such behaviors, particularly in man and dog, and cursorily review TI studies of other species. Neurophysiologic and neurochemical studies which bear on possible immobility mechanisms are briefly noted. We suggest that inconsistencies in reported concommitants of TI might result from failure to discriminate between types of behavioral responses. PMID- 6541778 TI - Prenatal maternal stress: differential effects upon male and female offspring responses to restraint stress as adults. AB - Pregnant primiparous rats were subjected to four days of light restraint stress on postconception days 7 through 10, inclusive, coincident with the development of the fetal gastrointestinal system. Twenty male and twenty female offspring from prenatally stressed and nonstressed rats were then subjected to two hours of supine cold-restraint as adults. Eighty percent of nonprenatally stressed offspring developed gastric lesions, while 47.5% of offspring of prenatally stressed mothers displayed lesions. A significant sex-stress interaction was detected, indicating that male offspring from prenatally stressed mothers display less severe gastric lesions in response to restraint stress as adults than do male offspring from nonprenatally stressed mothers. Female offspring from both prenatal stress conditions showed similar levels of stress-induced lesions. PMID- 6541779 TI - [Organ specificity of emotional-vegetative disorders and the activity of the adrenergic system]. PMID- 6541780 TI - [Activity of the adrenergic system in children with psychogenic headache]. PMID- 6541781 TI - Changes in auditory brainstem responses in hyperbilirubinemic infants before and after exchange transfusion. AB - Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were evoked, before and after exchange transfusion, in an effort to determine whether hyperbilirubinemia is associated with acute effects on brainstem function of neonates. Nine full-term infants with hemolytic disease received exchange transfusion for conventional serum bilirubin concentration indications (mean 22.3 +/- 1.4 mg/dL). In three infants, wave absence before exchange transfusion was followed by appearance of the waves after exchange transfusion. Other significant alterations observed in the group after exchange transfusion were increase of wave amplitudes and reduction of interpeak latencies (brainstem transmission time 5.80 +/- 0.36 ms after exchange transfusion compared with 6.25 +/- 0.30 ms before exchange transfusion, P less than 0.001). These improvements are considered to have been brought about by removal of bilirubin from the body and from the brainstem during exchange transfusion. Acute brainstem toxicity appears to occur in a percentage of infants with hyperbilirubinemia at serum levels commonly seen in clinical practice. These changes appear to be rapidly reversible with exchange transfusion. PMID- 6541782 TI - Otitis media. AB - Earache, a common symptom in children, causes many parents to seek medical attention. Aside from trauma and the discomfort that often accompanies viral infections of the upper respiratory tract, acute otitis media with effusion is the commonest cause of otalgia in infants and children. Proper management requires a team effort between the physician and the child's parents or caretaker. The physician must transmit to the parents a concise but thorough overview of the problem and a plan for management. This should include information on the pathophysiology of ear disease, its incidence, therapy and the potential adverse effects, and any measures that the parents may take to prevent recurrence. The primary responsibility for transmittal of this information lies with the physician. Ancillary medical personnel and communication aids (videotapes, computers, printed materials) should be utilized, if available, to reinforce the physician's "message." PMID- 6541783 TI - The effect of a PMSG/HCG preparation in anoestrous sows and gilts. AB - In a field trial the effect of a commercial preparation containing 400 IU PMSG/200 IU HCG per dose (Suigonan vet) was studied in 20 anoestrous gilts and 39 anoestrous sows. Immediately before the hormone treatment blood samples were taken for determination of the plasma progesterone level. The correlation between the pretreatment plasma level of progesterone and the response to the hormone treatment was analysed. The mean number of litters per sow at treatment was 3.0 and the mean lactation period 38 days. The mean period from weaning until treatment was 21 days. The average age of the gilts at treatment was 263 days. In 38.5% of the sows and 35% of the gilts the plasma progesterone level was greater than 3 nmol/l, indicating that these animals had corpora lutea in the ovaries. In the sows a total of 79.5% showed oestrus, but only 56.4% within 7 days after treatment. The mean progesterone level for the sows showing oestrus within 7 days was low, 1.5 nmol/l. Sows showing oestrus more than 7 days after treatment (23.1%; mean 18 days) or not showing oestrus (20.5%) had a high mean progesterone level of 48.9 nmol/l and 23.6 nmol/l at treatment, respectively. A total of 75% of the gilts showed oestrus, 60% within 7 days after treatment, the latter with a mean plasma progesterone level of 2.4 nmol/l at treatment. Fifteen per cent showed oestrus more than 7 days after treatment (mean 32.3 days) and in 25% no oestrus was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541784 TI - Casomorphins reduce separation distress in chicks. AB - Intraventricular administration of various chain length casomorphins (CM) reliably reduced separation induced distress vocalizations (DVs) in young domestic chicks. At a dose of 50 nanomoles, CM-5 was more potent than either CM-4 or CM-7, but for each the duration of action was approximately half an hour, with CM-7 having a somewhat longer effect. This suppression of DVs was partially antagonized by naloxone (1 mg/kg). PMID- 6541785 TI - [Fibrinolytic activity of the gastric mucosa in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6541786 TI - [Incidence of developmental anomalies and inflammatory conditions in the urinary tract of children with nocturnal enuresis]. PMID- 6541787 TI - Benign neonatal eruptive hemangiomatosis in identical twins. AB - Two cases of neonatal hemangiomatosis occurred in identical twins. Work-up for internal hemangiomas were performed on both infants and were negative. Twin no. 1, with extensive lesions, is currently taking oral prednisone, 2 mg/kg/day, with gradual resolution of the lesions. So far, no new hemangiomas have developed in twin no. 2. PMID- 6541788 TI - Egg shell quality, medullary bone ash, intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption, and calcium-binding protein in phosphorus-deficient hens. AB - The effect of dietary phosphorus deficiency on the performance and on various parameters of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D metabolism was studied in laying hens. Phosphorus deficiency resulted in a decline in rate of production and egg weight, probably through appetite depression. The latter, or any secondary calcium deficiency, does not appear to cause the observed reduction in shell quality due to the deficiency. Similar to the response in the chick, phosphorus deficiency resulted in an increase in calcium-binding protein in intestine and kidney, there was no change in the activity of kidney 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3-1 hydroxylase. Percentages of calcium and phosphorus absorption were also higher during phosphorus deficiency. Medullary bone ash, decreased during phosphorus deficiency, was probably due to a reduction in the rate of bone formation. PMID- 6541789 TI - Development of an animal model for the study of antihypertensive agents. PMID- 6541790 TI - Acute & chronic opiate action in NG108-15 hybrid cells cultured in serum-free medium. PMID- 6541791 TI - Prenatal exposure to ethanol alters responding in a "behavioral despair" paradigm. PMID- 6541792 TI - Drugs affecting brain dopamine interfere with the effect of Z-prolyl-D-leucine on morphine withdrawal. AB - The dipeptide Z-prolyl-D-leucine (Z-Pro-D-Leu) has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of tolerance to and dependence on morphine in the mouse. Since the dipeptide affects dopamine (DA) utilization in the terminal regions of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal DA-ergic projections, the question has been studied of whether DA-ergic mechanisms are involved in the action of Z-Pro-D-Leu on morphine withdrawal. Both inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-methyl-p tyrosine (alpha-MPT) and inhibition of DA receptors by pimozide interfere with the effect of Z-Pro-D-Leu on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal. Inhibition of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis by DL-p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), on the other hand, does not modify the effect of the dipeptide. The results argue for a role of DA-ergic mechanisms in the effect of Z-Pro-D-Leu on the development of morphine dependence. PMID- 6541793 TI - Effects of intrastriatal and intracortical scopolamine on behavior in rats. AB - The anticholinergic drug scopolamine (20 micrograms, 30 micrograms, 40 micrograms) or its vehicle was injected unilaterally into the dorsal anterior striatum or overlying rostral neocortex in rats in order to examine the role of each region in contralateral postural deviation and stereotyped rearing. Scopolamine-induced contralateral deviation was observed in all subjects with striatal injections (p less than 0.01), and was of the same magnitude at all dose levels. Intracortical scopolamine did not induce contralateral deviation. However, stereotyped rearing was elicited from both the striatum and neocortex (p less than 0.01) at the two highest dose levels of scopolamine. Thus the mechanisms for contralateral deviation and stereotyped rearing differ both with respect to brain region and drug sensitivity. PMID- 6541794 TI - Estrous synchrony: modulation of ovarian cycle length by female pheromones. AB - Airborne chemosignals from different phases of the rat's estrous cycle had opposing effects on the timing of the estrous cycle which were consistent with a coupled oscillator model of ovarian synchrony. Preovulatory odors shortened or phase advanced the ovarian cycle, whereas ovulatory odors lengthened or phase delayed the cycle. PMID- 6541795 TI - Estradiol and progesterone suppress feeding induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - The feeding response to 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) was measured in gonadally intact females (NORM) during estrus (EST) or diestrus (DIES) and in ovariectomized (OVEX) rats following injections of estradiol benzoate and progesterone (HORM) or oil (OIL). In both groups the response to 2DG under conditions of EST or HORM was significantly suppressed relative to DIES or OIL. The suppressant effect of hormones on 2DG feeding was not accounted for by the suppressant effects of ovarian hormones on ad lib feeding or a function of the body weight of the subject. The results are discussed in the context of ovarian hormonal effects on glucostatic control of feeding. PMID- 6541796 TI - Influence of castration and brain GABA levels in three strains of mice on aggression towards lactating intruders. AB - This study examined the relationship among aggression towards lactating intruders, castration and brain GABA levels in three strains of mice (C57, C3H and CBA). Both C57 and C3H (but not CBA) animals showed reduced attack latencies following castration. C57 mice showed the highest intensity of this behavior and the response was almost absent in the CBA strain. Considerable strain differences in brain GABA levels were observed. In particular the most aggressive C57 castrates had significantly higher levels of GABA in the hypothalamus, the olfactory bulbs and the amygdala. Such changes are not recorded in C3H or CBA strains of mice, which are both characterized by low levels of baseline aggression towards lactating intruders. PMID- 6541797 TI - Acute endocrine correlates of attack by lactating females in male mice: effects on plasma prolactin, luteinizing hormone and corticosterone levels. AB - Immediately following defeat inflicted by lactating Rockland-Swiss (R-S) albino mice, adult R-S male mice exhibited significant reductions in circulating prolactin (PRL) and luteinizing hormone (LH), but not corticosterone (CORT). These results suggest that acute neuroendocrine responses to intersex competition may be as dramatic as those previously reported for intermale encounters. PMID- 6541798 TI - Effect of bilateral olfactory bulbectomy on discrimination avoidance conditioning in rats. AB - Studies were made with the two-way shuttle box method on the acquisition of discrimination avoidance learning by olfactory bulbectomized rats in relation to changes in emotional behavior. Bulbectomized rats showed a marked increase in locomotor activity, with accompanying augmentation of the reactivity and the appearance of muricidal behavior. Initially, the bulbectomized rats showed elevated conditioned avoidance responses to both the CS+ and the CS-. In later stages, there was a continued slow increase in responses to the CS+ accompanied by a decrease in responses to the CS-, until responses to both stimuli were only slightly elevated above the levels shown by control rats. This result suggests that olfactory bulbectomy does not affect discrimination ability itself, but the impairment of discrimination during the initial stages is resulted from hyperemotionality induced by olfactory bulbectomy. PMID- 6541799 TI - The relationship between heat abbreviation and neural progestin receptors in female rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in the levels of neural progestin receptors are associated with mating-induced heat abbreviation in the rat. Mating caused a decrease, 8-10 hr after stimulation, in the duration of sexual receptivity. No difference in the concentration of cytosol progestin receptors was found between mated and nonmated animals 8-10 hr after treatment. Mating caused a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of nuclear progestin receptors at that time. However, this difference was probably not related to heat abbreviation, because no difference in nuclear progestin receptor levels was found between animals mated with vaginal masks and animals mated without masks, while mated-masked animals were found to exhibit significantly higher levels of sexual receptivity than mated-nonmasked animals after treatment. In addition, mating either with or without masks caused a statistically significant increase in serum progesterone levels relative to that measured in nonmated animals. Therefore, it is suggested that mating, even in the absence of cervical-vaginal stimulation, may cause the release of adrenal progestins which, in turn, may influence the rate at which neural progestin receptors accumulate and are processed within cell nuclei. The results of the present study suggest that mating-induced heat abbreviation in the rat is not associated with decreased levels of neural cytosol or nuclear progestin receptors. PMID- 6541800 TI - Effect of ovarian hormones on conflict behavior. AB - We injected ovariectomized female rats with estrogen and progesterone. Some of the injection regimens used are known to induce estrus, while other do not. The effects of these treatments on operant behavior were evaluated. Operant behavior was maintained under a reinforcement schedule, one segment of which involved experimentally induced conflict. Such behaviors previously have been shown to be modified by anti-anxiety drugs. Those hormone treatments effective in inducing estrus had behavioral effects similar to the effects observed for established anti-anxiety agents. Hormone-injection regimens not capable of inducing estrus were without effect on operant behavior. Our findings suggest that the reproductive cycles of female rats are associated with behavioral changes which may be indicative of changing anxiety levels mediated in part by changing titers of ovarian hormones. We suggest that the evaluation of hormonal influences on operant behaviors sensitive to tranquilizers should be a useful model system for studying possible mechanisms underlying emotional changes associated with reproductive cycles. PMID- 6541801 TI - Amphotericin-induced delirium. PMID- 6541802 TI - Neutralization of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum II and nitrogen mustard by thiols. PMID- 6541803 TI - [Acute effect of prostaglandin E1 in severe heart failure--effects on hemodynamics, blood gases and metabolic responses]. PMID- 6541804 TI - Targeting of liposomes: monoclonal antibodies coupled to phospholipid vesicles provide selective transfer of trapped reagents into cultured cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were incorporated in small unilamellar vesicles by means of ultrasonic irradiation. In order to increase the incorporation efficiency, the immunoglobulins were previously treated at low pH (pH 2), following recent suggestions on the existence of a lipid soluble conformational isomer for serum IgG. The lipid to protein ratios obtained were comparable to the values obtained by other authors using covalent coupling of the antibody to the lipid matrix. Liposome-incorporated monoclonal antibodies directed towards carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) provided increased transfer of the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein from liposomes into cultured human colon carcinoma cells. Another independent experiment was performed on the drug-resistant CHO cell line B30, using a monoclonal antibody to a cell surface marker of drug resistance. Selective liposome mediate drug killing was observed following incubation of the cells with liposomes containing the antitumor agent drug, daunorubicin. PMID- 6541805 TI - Lung retention of antimony and arsenic in hamsters after the intratracheal instillation of industrial dust. AB - Airborne factory dust (with a volume median diameter of 5.0 micron and a geometric standard deviation of 2.1 micron) from a Swedish copper smeltery contained antimony (Sb) (1.6 weight %) and arsenic (As) (19 weight %). The dust was neutron activated and intratracheally instilled in hamsters. In vivo measurements of lung clearance were undertaken of the radionuclides 76As, 122Sb, and 124Sb. Comparison was made with pure substances of antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) and arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Two phases were recognized in the clearance curves. The approximate half-time for the initial phase was 13 h for As2O3, 20 h for arsenic dust, about 40 h for Sb2O3, and about 30 h for antimony dust. The second phase had an approximate half-time of 20-40 d for Sb2O3 and antimony dust. Because of the short physical half-life of 76As, the second phase of the lung clearance was not possible to follow for AS2O3 and arsenic dust. The observed differences in clearance were primarily related to the solubility of the dust particles in saline, while particle size seemed to be less important in this instillation experiment. The low solubility of antimony in factory dust combined with a long biological half-time may be of importance in explaining the observed lung accumulation of antimony in exposed workers. The greater solubility and shorter biological half-time restricted the lung retention of arsenic. PMID- 6541806 TI - A conformationally constrained vasopressin analog with antidiuretic antagonistic activity. AB - Application of information derived from a three-dimensional model of vasopressin bound to its antidiuretic receptor resulted in the design and synthesis of a bicyclic vasopressin analog, [5,8-cyclo(1-beta-mercaptopropionic acid,2 phenylalanine,5-aspartic acid,8-lysine)]vasopressin. The analog acts as an antagonist of the antidiuretic activity of vasopressin. PMID- 6541807 TI - Separation of morphine analgesia from physical dependence. AB - Intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate in rats for 24 hours produced marked opioid dependence, manifested by a series of well-documented signs appearing after injection of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Treatment of rats with naloxonazine significantly reduced the analgesia associated with the morphine infusions for more than 24 hours. Furthermore, 14 of 16 withdrawal signs observed in naloxonazine-treated rats were virtually identical to those in rats that received morphine alone. These results raise the possibility that different receptor mechanisms mediate morphine analgesia and many of the withdrawal signs associated with morphine dependence. PMID- 6541808 TI - Primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma in a man with an abnormal chromosome. AB - We have described a case of primary choriocarcinoma of the mediastinum and reported the results of electron microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. In the past, the prognosis of this tumor was poor, despite aggressive chemotherapy. Results of the recently developed protocol using intensive therapy with cisplatin containing agents are promising. PMID- 6541809 TI - Hypertrophic non-obstructive apical cardiomyopathy. A case presentation and review of the literature. AB - A 20-year-old Coloured man gave a history of atypical chest pain, palpitations after strenuous exercise and a single episode of post-exertional presyncope. The diagnosis of hypertrophic non-obstructive apical cardiomyopathy (HNOAC) was established by means of electrocardiography, echocardiography (both M-mode and two-dimensional) and left ventricular cineangiography. This variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is most unusual and has been encountered most frequently in Japan, although a few cases have been diagnosed in the USA. The present case is the second reported from the Republic of South Africa. Important aspects of HNOAC are reviewed. PMID- 6541810 TI - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy in surgical patients. AB - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy as an investigative procedure has a definite role in the investigation of the surgical patient with various biliary problems. As it outlines the functional anatomy of the biliary tract, it has been employed for some time in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. In addition, it has a place in the investigation of patients with chronic cholecystitis, common bile duct obstruction and biliary leaks and in evaluating the integrity of biliary bypass procedures. PMID- 6541811 TI - Prevalence of rickets at the age of 12 months. A study of appropriately developed for gestational age but premature infants. AB - A prospective study to determine the prevalence rates of rickets, as determined by clinical, biochemical and radiological examinations performed at the age of 12 months in preterm infants of low birth weight and full-term control infants of mothers in lower socio-economic classes, was carried out. Clinical rickets was suspected in 5 cases. Biochemical and/or radiological evidence of rickets was not evident in any of the infants studied, although 4 infants showed radiological evidence of osteopenia. Serum alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels showed significant seasonal variations. Serum zinc and copper levels were within normal ranges for age. The true prevalence rate of rickets during infancy among the prematurely born or full-term infants in Cape Town is not known. The findings of our study show that as long as the mother utilizes the available community health services her infant should not develop nutritional rickets by the age of 12 months. PMID- 6541812 TI - Multiple spinal hemangioblastomas in a case of Lindau's disease. AB - A 32-year-old man with Lindau's syndrome is presented. After an initial operation for cerebellar hemangioblastoma and laser coagulation of retinal tumors, other retinal tumors, a second cerebellar tumor, and four spinal hemangioblastomas occurred 10 years later; cystic lesions of both kidneys and of the pancreas could also be shown. There is no family history. Consequences for further diagnostic procedures in patients with hemangioblastomas are discussed. PMID- 6541813 TI - Interactions of salicylate, dietary zinc, and genetic strain in teratogenesis in rats. AB - The influence of dietary zinc concentration on salicylate teratogenesis was studied in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. Females were fed purified diets containing 0.4, 4.5, 9, 100, or 1,000 micrograms zinc/gm diet, or a stock diet (Purina Rat Chow) from day zero to day 21 of gestation, when they were killed and the fetuses were examined. On day 9, rats were given saline or 250, 500, or 750 mg sodium salicylate/kg body weight by gavage. Increasing drug dose caused increased frequency of malformed or resorbed fetuses, while increasing dietary zinc reduced the teratogenic effects of salicylate, but in different patterns in the two strains. The teratogenic effect of zinc deficiency also varied by strain. Statistical analysis showed that the frequency of malformed fetuses was significantly affected by levels of dietary zinc or salicylate dose, and interactions of zinc X salicylate and genetic strain X zinc. Frequency of resorption was affected by strain, zinc, salicylate, and interactions of strain X salicylate, zinc X salicylate, and strain X zinc X salicylate. Frequency of abnormal sites (malformed or resorbed) was affected by strain, zinc, salicylate, and interactions of strain X salicylate, zinc X salicylate, and strain X zinc X salicylate. The results suggest that marginal zinc deficiency in certain pregnant women might increase the possibility of salicylate teratogenicity. PMID- 6541814 TI - Primary angiosarcoma of the heart mimicking a left atrial myxoma. PMID- 6541815 TI - Interactions between dipyridamole and prostaglandin E1 with ADP-induced aggregation of rat platelet in whole blood. PMID- 6541816 TI - The effects of administration of ethyl alcohol to mice on megakaryocyte and platelet development. AB - The effects of administration to laboratory mice of 5-20% ethyl alcohol (v:v) as drinking water on megakaryocyte and platelet development were studied and compared with data on controls given tap water. In two separate experiments, mice given 5-15% ethyl alcohol (v:v) for 13 or 11 weeks showed decreases in platelet counts and platelet 35S uptake when compared to the control groups. Mice fed 5 20% alcohol for five weeks showed platelet counts, bone marrow megakaryocyte numbers and diameters that were significantly reduced to 72% (P less than 0.001), 45% (P less than 0.001), and 71% (P less than 0.01), respectively. The data implied that ethyl alcohol ingestion had a direct inhibitory effect on megakaryocyte and platelet development in mice, which resulted in a marked reduction in the levels of circulating platelets. PMID- 6541818 TI - [Laser treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 6541817 TI - Biological and thrombolytic properties of proenzyme and active forms of human urokinase--III. Thrombolytic properties of natural and recombinant urokinase in rabbits with experimental jugular vein thrombosis. AB - The thrombolytic properties of recombinant pro-urokinase (Rec-pro-UK), recombinant active urokinase (Rec-UK) and natural urinary urokinase (Nat-UK) were compared with those of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) in rabbits with a radiolabeled thrombus in the jugular vein. The thrombolytic agents were infused intravenously over a time period of 4 hr and the extent of thrombolysis measured two hours later. In control animals the extent of thrombolysis was 11 +/- 2% (n = 8) after 6 hr. Nat-UK and Rec-UK had very similar thrombolytic properties. Significant thrombolysis was only obtained with infusion of 240,000 IU per kg (41 +/- 2%, n = 4 for Nat-UK and 37 +/- 4%, n = 4 for Rec-UK) and this was associated with a marked systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system, as evidenced by consumption of plasminogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin and fibrinogen breakdown. Infusion of Rec-pro-UK induced thrombolysis at a dose of 60,000 IU per kg (44 +/- 8%, n = 3) but without associated systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system. In this respect the properties of Rec-pro-UK were similar to those of t-PA, which, however, had a 2- to 4-fold higher specific thrombolytic activity (30,000 IU/kg yielding 48 +/- 1% lysis, n = 4). It is concluded that Rec-UK has very similar thrombolytic properties as Nat-UK and that Rec-pro-UK has a better thrombus-selectivity and less systemic side effects than the active enzymes. PMID- 6541819 TI - [Intersexuality in the horse. Morphologic, hormone analytic and cytogenetic studies in an Arabohaflinger horse]. AB - A case of intersexuality in an arabo-haflinger horse is described. The external genitalia consisted of mammary gland, vulva and hypertrophic clitoris; the inner genitalia of rudimental testes. The sexual behaviour was typically male-like. The chromosome analysis showed the female karyotype 64,XX. The presence of testes in a genetically female animal is explained by translocation of an Y-chromosome fragment bearing the gene for the H-Y-antigen. PMID- 6541820 TI - [Effect of removal of serum from the culture medium and sublethal roentgen irradiation on microvilli and invaginations of the cell membrane of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in monolayer cultures]. AB - In order to find out modifications of microvilli and invaginations, the cellular surfaces of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in monolayer culture (basal medium of Eagle + 10% fetal calf serum) were investigated with the aid of electron microscopic cross-sections. The tumor cells had been cultured without serum 24 hours prior to investigation or irradiated with 2 Gy. Morphometric evaluation after cell culture in a serum-free medium showed a reduced number ob microvilli and a diminution of sections of microvilli. As already described before, a reduction of cell proliferation, of the microtubule-microfilament system, and of the endocytosis activity occurs under these serum-free conditions. The number of invaginations (related to a constant membrane part) was reduced by nearly 50% after serum extraction. Similarly to serum extraction, sublethal X-ray irradiation reduced the sections of microvilli, whereas the number of microvilli increased slightly. Contrary to the effect of serum extraction, the irradiated cells showed twice as many invaginations as the non-irradiated control cells. These differences in the surface structures are interpreted as a result of modified growth stimulations (+/- serum) and radiogenic reparation processes. PMID- 6541821 TI - Modifications of the structures of the rat lymph nodes by neonatal thymectomy. AB - Until recently, the deep cortex of the lymph node was thought to exist as a layer completely underlying the peripheral cortex. It was known, moreover, that through neonatal thymectomy, the lymphocyte population of the deep cortex could be depleted. Through our current research, however, we have demonstrated that the deep cortex actually consists of hemispherical 'units'. Each unit is centered under an opening of an afferent lymphatic and comprises a center and a periphery with different morphological features and functions. In the light of this new knowledge, we felt it appropriate to reexamine the influence of neonatal thymectomy on node histology. Rats were thymectomized 5 h after birth. When they were 8 weeks old, nodes from various anatomical sites were submitted for morphological analysis. The resulting observations were compared to those made with nodes of nude as well as normal rats. It was found that the histological changes induced by neonatal thymectomy were comparable to those resulting from the congenital athymic state, but with marked differences. Differences were also observed in the nodes of thymectomized and semi-thymectomized rats. The discussion deals with these differences and presents new observations. PMID- 6541822 TI - Studies on nodules and adult Onchocerca volvulus during a nodulectomy trial in hyperendemic villages in Liberia and Upper Volta. II. Comparison of the macrofilaria population in adult nodule carriers. AB - In the Liberian rain-forest and the savanna of Upper Volta 189 adult nodule carriers were operated on. From 2231 extirpated nodules 3327 male and 5713 female macrofilariae were isolated. About 98% of the male worms and 88% of the female worms were found alive. The sex ratio of the live male and female worms was 1:1.5 in Liberia and 1:1.6 in Upper Volta. Less than 1% of all live macrofilariae were immature in both countries. 22% of the live male worms in Liberia were regarded as old. The percentage of old male and female worms in Upper Volta and that of the old female worms in Liberia were similar (5-7%). The portion of old worms was independent of the age of the patients in Liberia. Dead worms were found in 66% of the Liberians and in 85% of the Voltaics. The percentage of patients with dead worms increased with the age. About 0.5% of all male and 8% of all female worms were calcified. In Liberia the percentage of calcified worms increased with the age of the patients. In both countries the highest number of live and dead worms were found on the pelvic girdle. On the thorax many more macrofilariae were found in Upper Volta than in Liberia. This may contribute to the severe eye lesions in this savanna area. The presented findings provide some basic information for the planning and performance of trials with macrofilaricidal drugs in hyperendemic areas of West Africa. However, the striking differences between individual worm burdens have to be considered. PMID- 6541823 TI - Protein kinases in different life stages of Brugia malayi and other filarial worms. AB - The investigation of protein kinase activity in different life stages of a few filarial worms indicates the presence of different protein kinases and of dissimilarities between the distribution pattern of these enzymes during the development. Phosvitin turned out to be the preferred exogenous acceptor protein, when homogenates of adults of Brugia malayi, Dipetalonema viteae, Setaria cervi and Litomosoides carinii were used as source of enzyme. In contrast to adults the L3-larval and the microfilarial stages demonstrated much lower phosvitin phosphorylating activity and the preference for acidic and basic proteins as phosphate acceptors was about equal. The occurrence of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was established for adults of B. malayi. PMID- 6541824 TI - [Characteristic features of the function of the NAD+- and NADP+-dehydrogenase systems in the milk of cows with different levels of milk production]. AB - The lactate[NAD]-, malate[NAD and NADP], glutamate[NAD]-, isocitrate [NADP]- and glucose-6-phosphate[NADP]dehydrogenase activity is determined to be directly proportional to the level of milk productivity in cows. NADP-dependent dehydrogenases have a more apparent positive correlation with the level of milk productivity in cows. This conclusion is confirmed by the analysis of a number of oxidizing and reducing substances of these enzymes in milk as well as by values of the [NAD+]/[NADH] and [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio in it. PMID- 6541825 TI - Nonsurgical management of patients with stage D1 adenocarcinoma of prostate: risks vs benefits. AB - Within two years of diagnosis, 50 per cent of patients with Stage D1 prostatic adenocarcinoma will have clinically overt metastatic disease. Any purely local therapy (e.g., radical prostatectomy) appears to offer little in terms of the risk:benefit ratio. However, some form of local therapy is appropriate, since the untreated primary may continue to act as a source of metastases. 125I implantation with concomitant systemic therapy is an excellent therapeutic option for the majority of these patients. If one accepts the premise that local therapy is of limited value in metastatic disease, systemic treatment at the time of initial diagnosis should be considered. According to the data presented by the Mayo Clinic Group, immediate orchiectomy may be the best form of therapy. An alternative to orchiectomy is estrogen therapy or the more recently introduced GnRH analogues. Finally, the issue of identifiable tumor characteristics is addressed. The course of treatment may well be influenced by the identification of biologically aggressive tumors, using indicators such as elevated acid phosphatase. It is still undetermined whether stereology or flow cytometric analysis will further identify slower growing tumors from the more aggressive ones. PMID- 6541826 TI - [Histamine and the acid-secreting function of the stomach in patients with duodenal ulcer after organ-sparing operations]. AB - Under study were 120 patients. It was established that the concentration of histamine in the blood of patients with the ulcer disease of the duodenum was not dissimilar of that in healthy people and could not be responsible for secretory disorders. Organ-preserving operations were found to considerably change the secretory function of the stomach without being followed by changes of the histamine concentration in blood. The histamine stimulation used for diagnostic purposes in ulcer disease of the duodenum is thought to be not expedient. PMID- 6541827 TI - Strategy for marketing preventive medicine. PMID- 6541828 TI - Long term effectiveness of graded doses of copper oxide needles in suckler cows. PMID- 6541829 TI - Productivity in sheep treated with diamphenethide at different times after infection with Fasciola hepatica. AB - Sheep with potentially fatal Fasciola hepatica burdens were treated with diamphenethide 4, 8 or 12 weeks after infection. Specific effects of fluke on growth rate and wool growth over and above any anorectic effects were measured by including a pair fed group to each infected group. After drenching, feed intakes returned to that of the uninfected control group. With the exception of sheep drenched in Week 4 after infection, all sheep had significantly lower production after drenching than the control sheep. No compensatory growth was observed and productivity remained depressed for the duration of the trial (26 weeks). PMID- 6541830 TI - The use of haemoglobin, packed-cell volume and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase as indicators of the development of fascioliasis in sheep. AB - Haemoglobin, packed-cell volume and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were studied in 8 groups of 3 Corriedale weaner wethers artificially infected with a range of fluke burdens. Data from haemoglobin and packed-cell volume measurements were analysed using regression procedures. All parasitised groups exhibited a decrease in haemoglobin and packed-cell volume compared with the control group. The rate of this decrease was approximately linear, and dependent on the size of the fluke burden. Prediction equations for the rates of decrease of haemoglobin and packed-cell volume in fluke-infected sheep are presented. Death occurred when haemoglobin fell below 5 g 100 ml-1, and packed-cell volume to 15%. Anaemia became profound in sheep infected with more than 346 flukes and these sheep died 56-63 days after infection. Serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity exhibited several peaks, before and after Week 12 post-infection, when flukes should have been present in the bile ducts. Reason for the activity later than Week 12 was not clear, although stress or immune responses may contribute. Haemoglobin and packed-cell volume may be useful in predicting the size of fluke burdens when the duration of the infection is known, and may indicate that time of death of infected sheep. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is an unreliable indicator of the size or the duration of fluke burdens. PMID- 6541831 TI - Negative interactions between Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora in calves. AB - The interactions between Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora were studied in calves by concurrent and sequential infections. A reciprocal negative interaction between the 2 species was found in sequential, but not in concurrent infections. This result was supported by the finding of serological cross reactions. It is suggested that the negative interaction is immunologically mediated. The depression of weight gain found after infection was similar for O. ostertagi- and C. oncophora-infected calves. PMID- 6541832 TI - Experimental infection of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Sarcoptes scabiei var. vulpes. AB - Two of 3 red foxes became experimentally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei v. vulpes isolated from a naturally infected wild fox. The first clinical sign was seen after 10 days. After 30 days hairless patches were observed on the back of one of the foxes while general hair loss continued slowly. On the other fox the only macroscopical changes was tangling of the hair. The foxes died after 67 and 94 days, respectively. Both foxes were anaemic and in very poor condition. Scratching was seen in only 1 of the foxes. PMID- 6541833 TI - The protective effect of pretreatment with killed Corynebacterium parvum against acute babesiosis in calves. AB - Yearling calves were pre-treated intravenously (IV) with a 0.20 mg kg-1 dose of Corynebacterium parvum and challenged after 30 days by IV inoculation of 3 X 10(9) Babesia bigemina. The relatively low 0.20 mg kg-1 dose of C. parvum enhanced resistance as indicated by lower mean Babesia parasitemias and less severe decreases in packed-cell volumes than in non-treated calves, but failed to stimulate a significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) level of protection against B. bigemina challenge. PMID- 6541834 TI - Wool production of sheep chronically infected with Haemonchus contortus. AB - A chronic infection was established in a group of twenty 18-month-old non reproductive Merino ewes by oral administration of 3000 infective H. contortus larvae twice weekly for 12 weeks. Their live-weights and wool production were compared with those of 20 uninfected ewes grazing the same pasture. In the infected sheep, faecal egg counts increased over a period of 9 weeks to reach a mean of 5000 eggs per gram, accompanied by small, but significant effects on packed-cell volume and live-weight. The effects of infection on wool growth were also small, and not statistically significant, although there was evidence of a faster seasonal decline in wool growth in infected sheep. It was concluded that mortality induced by acute infection is the most important economic effect of this parasite. PMID- 6541835 TI - Depleted serum haptoglobin in acute bovine trypanosomiasis. AB - Haemoglobin-binding protein (Haptoglobin, Hp) was assayed in the sera of control and zebu calves with acute T. vivax infection. Hp in control Zebu calves ranged between 123.5 and 236.5 mg dl-1 while Hp in the infected calves was too low to measure or absent. It was suggested that absence of Hp in the infected calves may be as a result of gradual intravascular haemolysis and removal of the Hp-Hb complex by the reticuloendothelial system. PMID- 6541836 TI - Coccidia in cows and calves on pasture in north Georgia (U.S.A.). AB - The prevalence and abundance of coccidian oocysts were determined in a herd of beef cows and calves on fescue pastures in the Piedmont area of Georgia during 4 consecutive grazing seasons. Twelve species of Eimeria were found in the feces of the calves and 10 species were found in the feces of the cows. Eimeria bovis was the most prevalent species found in both the calves and cows. It occurred in 72.5% of 1090 samples from the calves and 10.2% of 719 samples from cows. Eimeria bovis also comprised the majority of oocysts present in the fecal samples from the calves and cows. The greatest number of E. bovis in a sample was 45 800 oocysts per gram of feces (OPG) from a calf and 1900 OPG from a cow. No cases of clinical coccidiosis were seen in any of the animals sampled during the survey. PMID- 6541837 TI - Maturation of Paramphistomum cervi in sheep in India. AB - Histological studies of the trematode Paramphistomum cervi collected throughout the year from the rumen of sheep, revealed the occurrence of gravid worms from April to August and immature worms from September to March. The maturation of the gonads and the accessory sex glands i.e., the prostate-, Mehli's- and vitelline gland began during the period March-April and showed functional peaks during the period July-August, which coincided with the availability of the intermediate host, Indoplanorbis exustus in nature. Maturation as well as the incidence of infection of P. cervi have also been discussed in relation to various ecological factors, i.e., rainfall and temperature. PMID- 6541838 TI - The effect of sex on seasonal variation in single and double infection of cattle in Sierra Leone by Dicrocoelium hospes and Fasciola gigantica. AB - The incidence of dicrocoeliasis (61.8%) is higher than that of fascioliasis (25.5%) and their peaks do not occur at the same time of the year. The peak for the former occurs in the dry season while that of the latter occurs in the rainy season. The incidence of dicrocoeliasis and fascioliasis in female cattle was found to be higher than that of male cattle. Double infection was higher in female (14.7%) than in male hosts (9.6%). PMID- 6541839 TI - Experimental infection of sheep by the camel stomach worm, Haemonchus longistipes. AB - An attempt has been made to infect sheep by Haemonchus longistipes with the objective of developing a relatively cheap and manageable model of camel haemonchosis. A large proportion of inoculated animals (28/34) developed patent infections; the prepatent period was short, lasting for 3 to 4 weeks in the majority of infected animals. Worm burdens were low and so was the total egg output. Most of the recovered worms were reduced in size. PMID- 6541840 TI - Immunization of swine against Trichinella spiralis. AB - Swine were immunized with partially purified stichosome antigens derived from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. In 3 trials, 500 to 600 micrograms of the solubilized particle component (S3) induced moderate levels of resistance to challenge inoculation; the percent reduction in larvae per gram of muscle ranged from 43 to 55. The effect of immunization with S3 on pig intestinal expulsion of adult worms was determined in one experiment and the results indicated that S3 immunization was only weakly effective in enhancing gut expulsion. These results suggest that immunization with S3 induces a protective immune response in the pig that may be directed either against the migrating newborn larvae or against adult worm fecundity. PMID- 6541841 TI - Migration and growth of Neostrongylus linearis (Marotel, 1913) Gebauer, 1932 in sheep. AB - In order to establish the mammalian parasitic cycle of the nematode Neostrongylus linearis 18 lambs were infected with 5000 third-stage larvae obtained from the snail Cernuella (Xeromagna) cespitum arigonis. In the subsequent days, larvae were found in the walls of the caecum and colon, in the liver and the lungs, suggesting that the bloodstream is the main migratory route. The presence of low numbers of migrating larvae in the mesenteric lymph nodes indicates that this route is probably secondary. The first still sexually undifferentiated, fourth stage larvae were found in the lungs on the 8th day post-infection (p.i.) and the first sexually differentiated fifth-stage larvae, on the 10th day. Also described are the macroscopic changes of the parasitized organs. PMID- 6541842 TI - Seasonal pattern of tick load in Bunaji cattle in the subhumid zone of Nigeria. AB - The seasonal pattern of tick load on Bunaji cattle under traditional management in northern Nigeria was observed over 12 months to investigate the possibilities of strategic use of acaricide. Ticks were removed 2-3 times weekly by hand from 16 animals, counted and the species determined. Tick load was low in the dry season (2-5 ticks per animal per week), increased after the onset of the first scattered rains, reached a peak (40 ticks per animal per week) 1 month after the beginning of the heavy rains, and declined thereafter. The dominant tick species was Amblyomma variegatum; other species found were Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Hyalomma spp. The low level of tick load compared with data from literature and from crossbred (Friesian-Bunaji) cattle kept in the study area suggests high tick resistance in Bunaji cattle. A biologically feasible method of controlling ticks in indigenous cattle would be twice weekly spraying with acaricide during only 2 months of the year in the early wet season to break the pronounced peak in the tick load. However, hand spraying offers no advantage over hand removal of ticks in terms of saving labour. The main advantage of strategic spraying lies in more thorough removal of ticks and possibly prevention of dermatophilosis at a lower cost than year-round use of acaricide. Knowledge of the seasonal pattern of tick load is also valuable for planning the introduction of selected stock with higher genetic potential, but higher susceptibility to tick-borne diseases than exhibited by Bunaji cattle. PMID- 6541843 TI - Comparison of virulence of ovine respiratory mycoplasmas in the mouse mammary gland. AB - The virulence of isolates of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and M. arginini from pneumonic and unaffected ovine lungs was compared in a mouse mammary gland model. The isolates varied in their ability to induce a neutrophilic response in the mammary gland. A moderate to severe form of mastitis was induced by 3 M. ovipneumoniae isolates recovered from pneumonic lungs, while the remaining M. ovipneumoniae isolates from pneumonic lungs and those from unaffected lungs induced a very mild histopathological response. The severity of the mastitis could not be increased by the simultaneous inoculation of a mixture of 5 mycoplasma isolates. Mycoplasma arginini isolates induced only a very mild histopathological response despite having been isolated from pneumonic lungs. The finding that the 3 most virulent M. ovipneumoniae isolates were initially recovered from pneumonic ovine lungs suggested that these virulent isolates may contribute to ovine pneumonia. However, the isolation of M. ovipneumoniae from pneumonic ovine lungs does not necessarily imply that these organisms are the causal agents, since M. ovipneumoniae isolates may vary in virulence. PMID- 6541844 TI - The culturing of pig peripheral blood lymphocytes in microelisa wells for the direct measurement of a specific antibody response. AB - A simple but sensitive method for measuring the in vitro antibody response of cells from pig peripheral blood to a specific antigen is described. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from lysozyme immunized pigs are cultured in the presence of lysozyme for five days, then washed and transferred to lysozyme coated wells of a microelisa plate and incubated for 18 hr. After washing the cells off the microelisa wells, the amount of pig anti-lysozyme immunoglobulin produced was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This assay allowed for the monitoring of the appearance of antibody-producing cells in the peripheral blood. In addition, the in vitro response of individual pigs to lysozyme correlated with serum antibody titers to lysozyme but not with the in vitro proliferative response of T cells to lysozyme. The assay provides an in vitro system for studying immunodeficiency in piglets and the general mechanisms behind a low immune response to a specific antigen. PMID- 6541846 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with midventricular and subvalvular obstruction in both heart ventricles]. AB - Typical (subaortic) and atypical (midventricular or apical) obstructions of both ventricles in HOCM are rare events. This combination could be demonstrated in a 21-year-old female patient by heart catheterization and angiocardiography. Simultaneous registration via 2 catheters in each ventricle showed pressure gradients with two steps in both ventricles: RV apical/RV midventricular 70-100 mm Hg, RV midventricular/subvalvular 25 mm Hg; LV apical/LV midventricular 70 mm Hg, LV midventricular/LV subvalvular 30 mm Hg; no valvular pressure gradients. Morphology of the obstructions is demonstrated by angiography: severe bilateral septal hypertrophy with midventricular systolic obstruction, systolic obstruction of right ventricular infundibulum by hypertrophy of the crista supraventricularis, systolic apical separation in the right ventricle; stenosis of the left ventricular outflow tract by SAM, systolic apical separation in the left ventricle by hypertrophy of papillary muscles. PMID- 6541845 TI - [Levels of plasma cortisol from the aspect of diurnal rhythm in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6541847 TI - [Manifestations of the genotypic causality of human evoked potentials during perception of various visual stimuli]. AB - Intrapair resemblance of the wave form and amplitude-temporal parameters of evoked potentials (EPs) to flashes, chess field, house image, the word "house" and a series of other stimuli was evaluated in 20 pairs of monozygotic and 20 pairs of homosexual dizygotic adult twins. In the occipital area the maximum of genetic dependence was characteristic of EPs to flashes, the minimum--of EPs--to the word "house". In vertex EPs parameters genotypic effects were manifest irrespectively of the stimulus type. Genotypic dependence differed for the amplitudes and latencies of separate EP components. PMID- 6541848 TI - [Spike activity of neurons of the medial thalamus of the rat during urethane anesthesia, wakefulness and immobilization stress]. AB - A statistical analysis was carried out of unit activity in the medial thalamus (MT) of rats in states of urethane anaesthesia, quiet unrestrained wakefulness and immobilization stress. Discharge activity of MT neurones in these states significantly differed by parameters characterizing both single cells (mean frequency, standard deviation, variation coefficient) and their populations (intragroup variability of parameters, homogeneity of population as to the activity of its cells components, the extent of connections between them). The revealed differences are interpreted as a reflection of the properties of central interneuronal integration created in accordance with real needs of the organism for providing for its adaptive activity. PMID- 6541849 TI - [Relation between reactions to pain and the hierarchical rank of animals]. AB - Intraspecies experience of domination or subordination in mice is an important factor predetermining their specific behaviour in response to painful stimuli, The significance is emphasized of ethological investigations for studying behavioural reactivity to pain and correct differentiation of responses of "defence-subordination" and "aggression-offence" types. The specificity of diazepam effect on the character of behaviour in response to pain was analysed in animals of different hierarchic rank. PMID- 6541850 TI - [Rapid determination of agaritin in commercial mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) with high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - A procedure is described for the determination of agaritine in the commercial mushroom Agaricus bisporus by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Agaritine was extracted from the mushroom sample with methanol and the filtered extract diluted with phosphate buffer. An aliquot of this solution was used directly for the HPLC-separation on a cation exchange column (Partisil SCX) with 0.5 mM phosphate buffer (pH 1.8) as mobile phase and u.v. monitoring at 237 nm. The agaritine content in fresh mushrooms was found to be in the range of 94-629 mg/kg fresh weight. Canned mushrooms contained 1-55 mg/kg drained weight with 3 103 mg/l in the liquid. The highest agaritine values were found in dried commercial mushrooms amounting to 2,110-6,905 mg/kg. PMID- 6541851 TI - Involvement of norepinephrine in pituitary LH release induced by oestradiol in vitro. AB - The direct effects of oestradiol-17 beta (E2) on pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) release and the role of norepinephrine (NE) in E2-induced gonadotrophin release were examined in a sequential double chamber perifusion system by perifusing the mediobasal hypothalami (MBH) and/or pituitaries excised from normally cycling female rats. Administration of E2 induced significant release (70-160% increase, P less than 0.05) of LH from the pituitary of rats in pro oestrus, but not in other stages of the oestrous cycle. When the MBH and the pituitary were perifused in sequence, E2 induced significant release of LH in all stages of the oestrous cycle except oestrus. When the pituitary from rats in dioestrus II was perifused alone with medium containing 200 ng/ml NE, significant release of LH (80-170% increase, P less than 0.05) was observed after the administration of E2. The E2-induced LH release in pro-oestrus was completely abolished by perifusion with medium containing diethyldithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of NE synthesis. These findings suggest that NE may be involved in changes of pituitary responsiveness in LH secretion to oestrogen during the rat oestrous cycle. PMID- 6541852 TI - Brainstem responses in the quivering mutant mouse. AB - The recessive quivering gene in mice produces general neurological abnormalities and deafness. Previous work indicated that cochlear responses (microphonics and compound action potentials) were normal in the quivering (qv/qv) mouse, but inferior colliculus evoked potentials had poor thresholds and abnormal latencies. The object of the present study was to record evoked potentials from the cochlear nucleus (CN) in quivering and control mice, and also to record surface responses. The CN evoked response in control mice consisted of two prominent positive peaks. The first peak appeared normal in the quivering CN, resulting in normal thresholds for detection of the response. However, the second peak in mutants was smaller and of longer latency. Surface responses in quivering showed a normal first wave followed by an abnormal wave pattern. It was concluded that the input from auditory nerve to CN in quivering is probably normal and that the central deficit in quivering is evident at the level of CN. PMID- 6541853 TI - Findings in a pair of temporal bones from a patient with secretory otitis media and chronic middle ear infection. AB - The histopathological changes in a pair of temporal bones from a 69-year-old woman who had secretory otitis media in the left ear and chronic middle ear infection in the right ear are described. Tympanostomy tubes had been placed in her left ear nine times. The perforation at the grommet showed no ingrowth of squamous epithelium; the fine structure of the tympanic membrane was normal. There were a few mucus strands present in the middle ear, which was lined with a one- to three-cell layer epithelium, where only a few secretory cells were found. In the right ear the thick tympanic membrane showed papillary projections of the squamous epithelium extending from the outer epidermal layer deep into the stroma and close to the collagenous layer of lamina propria. A large marginal perforation was present in the posterior quadrant, but there was no ingrowth of squamous epithelium from the canal into the middle ear. From the anterior margin, a concave veil-like sheet of squamous epithelium had grown onto the incus, chorda tympani and the stapes head. Numerous finger-like projections extended from the margin of this epithelium to the stapedial footplate and the epitympanum. The mucous membrane of the bony portion of the Eustachian tube in both ears was normal to the cartilage level, and the defective ventilation was in all likelihood caused by a dysfunction at the pharyngeal end of the Eustachian tube. PMID- 6541854 TI - Interpretation of sonotubometry. A critical view of the acoustical measurement of the opening of the eustachian tube. AB - The principle of sonotubometry for recording the opening of the Eustachian tube is based on the assumption that this opening increases the sound transmission from the nasopharynx to the external ear canal. However, the clinical validity of the method remains to be documented. In the present study the results in 37 normal ears were compared with those of 11 ears which showed signs of Eustachian tube dysfunction. In these glue was found in the middle ear at a subsequent myringotomy. In 13 of the subjects a comparison was made of the signals picked up from the ear canal and from the contralateral nostril. It was concluded that the interpretation of the signals from the ear canal is very complicated. They may be due to an opening of the Eustachian tube, but they may also be caused by a change of the acoustic conditions in the nasopharynx during the swallowing procedure. Despite the fact that this test principle in theory is ideal, much research seems to be required before the clinical value of the method can be confirmed. PMID- 6541855 TI - Vestibular hair cell pathology following low-dose irradiation during embryonic development. AB - Pregnant CBA/CBA mice (total gestational age 20-21 days) were whole-body irradiated on the 12th, 13th and 16th gestational days with single doses of 1 and 2 Gy using a 60Co source. Litters were taken for morphological analysis 14-21 days after birth. Irradiation on the 12th and 13th gestational days was thus performed prior to morphologic inner ear organogenesis and cytodifferentiation. In approximately 20% of the total postnatal vestibular hair cell population cytological alterations were evident: giant cytoplasmic protrusions, sensory hair fusion and disintegration of the cuticular plate. The other parts of the hair cells remained intact, including nerve endings. Morphometry was not performed. Hair cells type I are more vulnerable to ionizing irradiation during cytodifferentiation than hair cells of type II. All investigated animals showed clinically a normal balance and a normal righting reflex. PMID- 6541856 TI - Membrana shrapnelli of maturing rats. The occurrence of mast cells, and histamine content in relation to otitis media with effusion. AB - The membrana shrapnelli or pars flaccida of 12 day old rats is thick (84 micron) and almost completely fills the lateral attic compartment. Histologically it is characterized by a thickened layer of stratified squamous epithelium and a lamina propria whereas an inner epithelial lining is difficult to discern. Mast cells are numerous and distributed throughout the lamina propria. At day 21 and day 30 the thickness of the pars flaccida is reduced and histologically it resembles that of the adult. Mast cells are mainly located in the vicinity of blood vessels and in a layer just beneath the squamous epithelium. The number of mast cells per unit area of pars flaccida is considerably higher in young rats as compared to adults. At day 12 their number is roughly 2.1 times that of the adult and at day 21 and 30 about 1.5 times. Except for a slightly raised level of histamine at day 30 the concentration of histamine in the pars flaccida of young rats did not differ from values obtained in the adult. Previous experimental studies have indicated that mast cells in the pars flaccida may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OME. It is interesting to note that the pars flaccida of young rats contains more mast cells than that of the adult. Should this also be the case in the pars flaccida of young humans it is tempting to suggest that mast cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of OME in children too. PMID- 6541857 TI - [Otitis media in the newborn infant: cytologic and bacteriologic study and long term results]. PMID- 6541858 TI - The ultrastructure of alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. A correlative light and electron microscopic study of 17 cases. AB - An ultrastructural study is presented of 8 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas and 8 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and one mesenchymoma with predominantly rhabdomyoblastic differentiation. Thin and thick myofilaments and Z-lines or Z like densities were found in all. Intermediate filaments were found in 4 alveolar and 4 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. A correlation was noted between the light- and electron microscopic appearance of the tumours regarding the degree of differentiation. A wide differentiation spectrum of the tumour cells was observed which could be correlated partly with normal fetal myogenesis. Ultrastructural differences were demonstrated in the alveolar and embryonal types. Electron microscopy is considered to play an important role in the characterization and diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma and is a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis. PMID- 6541859 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological studies of new 1,4,7-oxadiazonine and 1,5,6 oxadiazonine derivatives]. PMID- 6541860 TI - Early housing experience modifies morphine self-administration and physical dependence in adult rats. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were raised from weaning in one of the three housing conditions: one, two or four per housing unit. At 60 days of age, animals were moved to individual cages and tested in the open field. Following a baseline period in which animals were allowed to adapt to their new housing condition, animals had their water replaced with a 0.8 mg/ml morphine sulfate solution. Following 12 days of access to the drug, animals were injected with naloxone and abstinence precipitated. While no differences were found in body weight among the three groups of animals at 60 days of age, significant differences in open field behavior were noted. Animals that were raised in groups were found to be more active in the open field than animals raised in isolation. Early housing experience was also found to modify later morphine consumption and physical dependence. Animals raised in isolation exhibited a trend to start drinking morphine sooner and experienced less severe withdrawal symptoms following naloxone administration than group-raised animals. PMID- 6541861 TI - Ascorbic acid in thyroidectomized rats. II) Ascorbic acid status of the storage tissues and hepatic biosynthesis of glucuronic acid. AB - Depletion of ascorbic acid from adrenals, brain and epididymis along with loss in weight were noticed in the state of thyroidectomy. This decrease appears to be due to an effect of thyroidectomy on the membrane integrity since the membrane bound sialic acid was found to be significantly lowered in these tissues as a consequence of the elevated activity of sialidase. Thyroidectomy was also found to cause an adverse effect on the activities of hepatic UDP-glucuronyl transferase and beta-glucuronidase with no alteration in UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. PMID- 6541862 TI - Pseudocyesis. AB - While reports of pseudocyesis have been declining, this is still an important condition for physicians to recognize. Symptoms of pregnancy, abdominal distention, galactorrhea, amenorrhea and depression are common findings. Follow up and counseling are necessary to assure that the patient accepts not being pregnant and the mental health is restored. PMID- 6541863 TI - Assessing middle ear disease: beyond visual otoscopy. AB - Visual otoscopy, the first step in the diagnosis of middle ear conditions, permits an assessment based on the color and appearance of the tympanic membrane. With pneumatic otoscopy, the mobility of the tympanic membrane can be evaluated. Several other techniques can be used to augment visual and pneumatic otoscopy. Impedance tympanometry provides an objective record of tympanic membrane movement. The acoustic otoscope evaluates middle ear contents by the reflectivity of sound from the tympanic membrane. PMID- 6541864 TI - Decreased serum lithium during verapamil therapy. PMID- 6541865 TI - Patterns of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: assessment by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - A variety of patterns of systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve were identified by realtime, 2-dimensional echocardiography in 62 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In 36 patients (58%), both the anterior and posterior mitral leaflets appeared to participate importantly in SAM, although the anterior leaflet actually contacted or most closely approached the ventricular septum during systole because of its anterior anatomic position. In 19 patients (31%), SAM was produced selectively by the posterior mitral leaflet. In only 6 patients (10%) was the anterior leaflet alone responsible for SAM. In just 1 patient did the chordae tendineae appear to be primarily responsible for the SAM. In 51 patients (82%), only the distal portion of the anterior or posterior mitral leaflet (and possibly the attached proximal chordae tendineae) approached or contacted the septum in systole; in 10 patients both the body and tip regions of the anterior leaflet produced mitral-septal apposition. Hence, in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, (1) the morphologic structures responsible for moderate to severe SAM are not identical in all patients, and a variety of patterns of SAM occur; (2) the posterior mitral leaflet plays an important role in SAM in almost 90% of patients, either by producing SAM alone (31%) or by moving anteriorly in concert with the anterior leaflet (58%); (3) SAM produced selectively by the anterior mitral leaflet is relatively uncommon; and (4) SAM is usually produced primarily by the distal portions of the mitral leaflets (with or without the attached chordae tendineae). PMID- 6541866 TI - Improvement in left ventricular diastolic function during intravenous and oral diltiazem therapy in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an echocardiographic study. AB - M-mode echocardiography was used to evaluate the acute effect of intravenously administered diltiazem, 10 mg, and the chronic effects of oral diltiazem, 180 mg/day, and propranolol, 60 to 120 mg/day, administered for 2 weeks on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function in 13 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Intravenous injection of diltiazem reduced isovolumic relaxation time from 114 +/- 26 to 99 +/- 21 ms (p less than 0.01) and the time to peak rate of LV dimensional lengthening from 166 +/- 17 to 133 +/- 10 ms (p less than 0.01), without significant changes of LV dimensions or fractional shortening. No significant changes were observed in LV dimensions or fractional shortening, but a significant increase in peak rate of LV dimensional lengthening (from 4.1 +/- 1.5 to 4.8 +/- 1.6/s, p less than 0.05) and a reduction in isovolumic relaxation time (from 105 +/- 26 to 77 +/- 23 ms, p less than 0.01) and the time to peak rate of LV dimensional lengthening (from 156 +/- 23 to 124 +/- 20 ms, p less than 0.01) occurred during the oral administration of diltiazem. In contrast, propranolol caused no significant changes in these values. Thus, diltiazem improves LV relaxation and diastolic filling without altering LV systolic function in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6541867 TI - Effect of amiodarone on left ventricular ejection and filling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as assessed by radionuclide angiography. AB - Left ventricular (LV) function at rest was assessed by radionuclide angiography in 30 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) before and during treatment with amiodarone (600 to 800 mg for 1 week, 200 to 400 mg/day thereafter) for an initial maintenance period of 1 month in 30 patients and 6 months in 12 patients. The reproduciblity of the measurements was assessed by performing control studies within 24 hours in 13 patients and at 1 to 6 months in 6 patients, and 95% confidence limits for spontaneous change were determined. There was a significant decrease in heart rate at 1 month (from 67 +/- 9 vs 61 +/- 9 beats/min, p less than 0.004) with no further decrease at 6 months. Systemic blood pressure did not change. After amiodarone therapy, for each of the measurements of LV function except peak ejection rate, there was no mean change and the number of patients in whom the values increased and decreased by more than the 95% confidence limits were approximately equal. Peak ejection rate showed a significant decrease at 1 month, but this effect was not maintained at 6 months; 4 of 6 patients who showed a significant decrease at 1 month were reevaluated at 6 months, and in all 4 the values had returned to control levels. These findings suggest that the 95% confidence limits for spontaneous change were not wide enough and that chronic oral amiodarone therapy does not alter radionuclide indexes of LV function at rest in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6541868 TI - The effect of individual components of soy formula and cows' milk formula on zinc bioavailability. AB - Zinc absorption from human milk, cows' milk formulas, and soy formulas was studied in human adults by a radioisotope technique using 65Zn and whole body counting. Individual dietary components were investigated for effects on zinc absorption. Phytate was found to have a strong inhibitory effect on zinc absorption; addition of phytate to cows' milk formula (yielding a phytate concentration similar to that of soy formula) resulted in a decrease in zinc absorption from 31 to 16% similar to the absorption for soy formula (14%). Carbohydrate source, calcium, and zinc levels of the diet did not affect zinc absorption significantly. Iron supplementation of cows' milk formula decreased zinc absorption from 24 to 18% although this decrease was not found to be significant (p less than 0.1). Absorption of zinc from a whey-adjusted cows' milk formula was higher (31%) than from a nonmodified cows' milk formula (22%). Increasing the zinc supplementation level in cows' milk formula but not in soy formula increased zinc absorption to approximate that from breast milk. It is suggested that reduction of phytate content of soy formula may be a more effective avenue of modification than increased level of zinc supplementation. PMID- 6541869 TI - Reassessment of the relationship of perinatal risk factors and child abuse. AB - We performed a case-control study to examine the relationship of child abuse to several perinatal risk factors. Cases were children who had been born at Yale-New Haven (Conn) Hospital and were reported for physical abuse to the Hospital's Child Abuse Committee. For each case, a control was chosen from the hospital's log of births and matched according to five demographic variables. We identified 117 case-control pairs. No relationship was found between either prematurity or low birth weight and child abuse. In contrast, there was an association between child abuse and young maternal age (both at the birth of the index child and at the birth of the first child). We conclude that prematurity and low birth weight are not risk factors for physical abuse but that young maternal age is related to abuse. PMID- 6541870 TI - The premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6541872 TI - Re: "Perinatal mortality: standardizing for birthweight is biased". PMID- 6541871 TI - Accuracy of spontaneous abortion recall. AB - Data regarding spontaneous abortion are more easily obtained retrospectively than prospectively. However, the comparable quality of data obtained by these two approaches is not known. Retrospective data are difficult to validate because spontaneous abortions are not routinely documented. In this study, the quality of retrospective data was evaluated by comparing them with prospective data collected incidentally in a long-term study of menstrual cycles. A total of 348 women recorded one or more spontaneous abortions while participating in the Menstrual and Reproductive Health Study and were resurveyed regarding their pregnancy histories. Seventy-five per cent of recorded abortions were recalled. Gestational age at time of abortion was the major determinant of recall, with early abortions less often remembered. Time since abortion also affected recall, but less so. Other factors such as parity or maternal age were not related to completeness of recall. Recall of three fourths of recorded abortions among this group of women sensitized to their reproductive functions probably represents an upper limit of recall for other populations. While retrospective abortion data often are more accessible than medical records or prospective data, there may be limits to the usefulness of recalled abortion data in certain settings. PMID- 6541873 TI - Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: clinical course and response to therapy in eight patients. AB - The clinical manifestations, pathologic findings, and responses to therapy were reviewed in eight patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP). Only one exhibited all five cardinal manifestations; five showed a triad of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neurologic abnormalities. Microangiopathic red cell changes on peripheral blood smear and severe thrombocytopenia were present in all. The serum LDH levels were initially elevated in all eight; this enzyme determination was extremely useful for following the course of the disease and its response to therapy. Pathologic evidence of TTP was most consistently found in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow biopsies. All patients were treated with a combination of therapeutic modalities including plasma exchange with replacement by fresh frozen plasma. Using this approach, 7/8 entered a complete remission; however, disappearance of all clinical manifestations was not seen in two patients prior to splenectomy. PMID- 6541874 TI - Torulopsis glabrata peritonitis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: successful management with oral 5-fluorocytosine. AB - We report two cases of fungal peritonitis caused by Torulopsis glabrata, an uncommon opportunistic pathogen, in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The general clinical characteristic of T glabrata peritonitis was comparable to previously reported cases of Candida peritonitis. Although appropriate therapy of fungal peritonitis in patients undergoing CAPD still remains controversial, both for the drug of choice and for the dosage to be used, our study indicates that a 5-week course of oral 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) may obviate the need to remove the peritoneal catheter during the management of peritonitis caused by susceptible strains of T glabrata. PMID- 6541875 TI - Mammary blood flow regulation in the nursing rabbit. AB - Cardiac output and mammary blood flow distribution prior to and after suckling were studied in 10 nursing rabbits by means of radionuclide-labeled microspheres. Suckling was followed by a 5.8% rise in cardiac output and a 20.4% rise in mammary blood flow. Determinations of intraglandular blood flow distribution have shown that there was a 43% increase in blood flow to the glands suckled from as compared to a 22.7% rise to the contralateral untouched glands and a 4.9% rise in the remainder of untouched glands. The conclusion is that a local mechanism may be involved in the regulation of mammary blood flow in the nursing rabbit. PMID- 6541876 TI - Postabortal pelvic infection associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and the influence of humoral immunity. AB - Among 1101 women undergoing legal abortion by vacuum aspiration within 14 weeks of gestation, 69 (6.3%) harboured Chlamydia trachomatis in the cervix and/or urethra. Of the chlamydia-positive women, 16 (23.2%) developed endometritis and 10 (14.5%) developed salpingitis during the first postoperative month. The corresponding figures among the chlamydia-negative women were 59 (5.7%) and 5 (0.6%). These differences are highly significant (p less than 0.001). To study the significance of systemic and local humoral immunity to C. trachomatis in these complications, chlamydial antibodies were determined in serum and cervical secretions. No difference in frequency of local IgA antibodies in chlamydia positive women was observed between those with and those without complications. On the other hand, there was a strong indication that chlamydia-positive women who developed salpingitis had a lower mean titer (17) of serum IgG chlamydial antibodies than carriers without symptoms (82, p less than 0.02). The group of endometritis patients did not differ in this respect from chlamydia-positive women who were free of infectious complications. These results suggest that C. trachomatis may be an etiologic agent in postabortal salpingitis and probably also in endometritis. Serum antibodies seemed to offer some protection against salpingitis in chlamydia-positive cases, whereas local antibodies did not. PMID- 6541877 TI - Laser cylindrical excision to replace conization. AB - This report describes the procedures and results of two techniques, which were developed by the senior author (V.C.W.), for eliminating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia involving, to some degree, the endocervical canal. These are excision by carbon dioxide laser of a tall cylinder of tissue for pure endocervical lesions and shallow excision of a similar specimen followed by peripheral vaporization. In 364 consecutive referred cases one of these two procedures was performed. A total of 15.9% of patients required attention for bleeding; most cases were managed in the clinic. Near-normal tissue mass and a squamocolumnar junction at the os were observed during 3 to 60 months of follow-up. In 95.9% of cases, over half of which were grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, normal cytologic and colposcopic findings were demonstrated after one laser procedure. A repeat laser procedure was used to eliminate persistent disease identified at 3 or 6 months. Five hysterectomies were performed. These procedures appear to be therapeutically effective, appear to preserve organ function, and allow regeneration of cervical mass. PMID- 6541878 TI - Penetrating keratoplasty for exogenous Paecilomyces keratitis followed by postoperative endophthalmitis. AB - Three patients developed Paecilomyces lilacinus keratitis while being treated with topical corticosteroids and antibiotics. The first patient, a diabetic man, suffered superficial ocular trauma while being treated for recurrent anterior uveitis related to an iris-fixated intraocular lens. The second patient developed keratitis while being treated for anterior segment inflammation associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus. The third patient, a woman with chronic lymphoma in remission, was receiving topical antibiotics and corticosteroids for a corneal transplant performed one year previously. All three patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty after progression to perforation or failure of medical therapy. Two eyes (cases 1 and 2) eventually required enucleation. The fungal isolates demonstrated in vitro resistance to amphotericin and natamycin with greater sensitivity to imidazole derivatives. Thus, we recommend prompt and prolonged topical treatment with miconazole or other imidazole derivatives along with avoidance of penetrating keratoplasty and corticosteroids. PMID- 6541879 TI - Cytochalasin delays but does not prevent cell death from anoxia. AB - The role of alterations in the cytoskeleton in the anoxic death of cultured hepatocytes was evaluated with the use of cytochalasin B and colchicine. The addition of 50 microM Cytochalasin did, however, reduce the rate of accumulation of dead cells but was without effect on the number of cells that died. After 6 hours of anoxia in the presence of cytochalasin, 80% of the cells were dead. The same number of cells were dead after 4 hours in the absence of cytochalasin. Colchicine was without effect on the cell killing by anoxia. Cytochalasin also did not prevent the increase in the molecular order of the membranes of the anoxic hepatocytes as determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. In the presence or absence of cytochalasin, anoxia increased the order parameter, S, of hepatocytes spin-labeled with 12-doxyl stearic acid. These data indicate that changes in the organization of microfilaments that can be prevented by cytochalasin may aggravate the mechanisms mediating the anoxic death of the hepatocytes, but such mechanisms are essentially independent of these alterations in the cytoskeleton. The data do not exclude from a role in anoxic cell death other cytoskeletal changes that may not be affected by either cytochalasin or colchicine. PMID- 6541880 TI - Mechanisms of honing in the male baboon canine. AB - Male baboons use their sharp upper canines in aggressive interactions. These teeth are sharpened against specialized lower third premolars. The honing premolar is protected against wear by having very thick enamel and the upper canine having very thin enamel, not by structural or mineral differences between the two enamels. Evidence is presented which shows the interactions of enamel ultrastructure and both dentin and enamel wear in canine sharpening. PMID- 6541881 TI - Synthesis and renal activity of rat atrial granules depend on extracellular volume. AB - Extracellular fluid volume (by 22Na) and extent of 4-h [3H]fucose incorporation into atrial-specific granules were measured in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)/salt-loaded or Na-deficient rats. The natriuretic potency of extracts from their atria was also measured in assay rats. DOCA/salt-treated animals had a significantly greater extracellular volume, a significantly greater degree of fucose uptake, and a significantly more potent diuretic and natriuretic effect than did Na-deficient rats. These observations, together with the known decrease in atrial granularity with DOCA treatment, suggest that a chronic increase in extracellular fluid volume is associated with increased synthesis and metabolism of atrial natriuretic factor. They also confirm the finding reported by others that granularity and natriuretic potency are not always directly related. It may be that visible granules represent a peptide storage form that requires further processing to become natriuretic. PMID- 6541882 TI - Pancreatic blood flow in the rat during enlargement, involution, and cholecystokinin treatment. AB - We studied the effect of raw soya flour (RSF) given as a single gavage or for long-term periods on pancreatic blood flow. These effects were compared with the response to treatment with cholecystokinin (CCK) since it has been suggested that RSF feeding releases CCK. In acute experiments total pancreatic blood flow was significantly increased after infusion of CCK (60 Ivy dog units X kg-1 X h-1) and after gavage with preparations of RSF or heated soya flour (HSF). When expressed as flow per 100 g pancreatic weight, the greatest increase was seen after gavage with RSF. In separate chronic studies, total pancreatic blood flow was significantly increased in rats fed RSF for 4 wk compared with rats fed HSF, but because of pancreatic enlargement in rats fed RSF flow per 100 g pancreatic weight was similar in the two groups. When rats fed RSF for 4 wk were changed to standard rat cubes for 48 h before study, pancreatic blood flow (ml/min and ml X min-1 X 100 g pancreas-1) and total pancreatic DNA decreased significantly compared with rats fed RSF continuously. However, when CCK was infused intravenously during the 48-h period on cubes, pancreatic blood flow and DNA remained significantly increased and were not significantly different from values in rats fed RSF continuously. These results show that the effects of RSF feeding and CCK treatment on pancreatic growth and blood flow are similar and are consistent with the postulated role of CCK as the trophic hormone released by RSF feeding. PMID- 6541883 TI - Is premenstrual syndrome exaggerated molimina? PMID- 6541884 TI - Separation of choline- and ethanolamine-labeled metabolites by ion-exchange high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Two methods utilizing ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography have been developed for the separation of choline- and ethanolamine-containing metabolic precursors for phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Both methods employ an analytical anion-exchange column supplemented with a cation exchange column; the latter is required only to separate betaine from choline. Complete separation of choline- and ethanolamine-labeled metabolites from extracts of Chinese hamster ovary cells can be achieved in 20 min. PMID- 6541886 TI - Otitis media with effusion: more than a pain in the ear. PMID- 6541885 TI - Inhibition of gonadotropin and prostaglandin stimulation of testicular steroidogenesis in malnourished rats. AB - The effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on testicular steroidogenesis in protein-deficient and refed rats was studied in vitro. The malnourished, refed, and control rats were found to secret testosterone in response to hCG and PGE1 stimulation. There was a significant reduction in the basal level of secretion in the malnourished rat testis (1.0 +/- 0.4 nMol/3 hr./Testis). Malnourished rats refed with adequate protein diet responded to hCG and PGE1 stimulation in a similar manner to normally-fed adult rats. PMID- 6541887 TI - Comparative aging changes in canine uterine tubes (oviducts): electron microscopy. AB - Uterine tubes (oviducts) from 20 dogs in 3 age groups were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Three segments of the left uterine tube from 4 prepubertal dogs, 8 middle-aged dogs (4 to 6 years), and 8 aged dogs (8 to 11 years) were collected after euthanasia or ovariohysterectomy. Specimens were collected while the dogs, except for one in the middle-aged group, were in late metestrus or anestrus (to reduce variation in tubal epithelium by estrogen stimulation). Subdivision of mucosal folds, invaginations of mucosa into the entire length of the folds, and height of the folds, increased with age; the width of the mucosal folds had decreased. Complete dedifferentiation of epithelium of the uterine tube ampulla and isthmus to nonciliated cells in a few aged dogs resembled changes in postmenopausal women. In 3 prepubertal dogs, cilia were present in the infundibulum of the uterine tube, but not in the ampulla and isthmus. In a late prepubertal dog, early ciliation of ampulla and isthmus began before first estrus. Nonciliated cells with a single central cellular projection were present in all segments and all age groups. The significance of the projection was discussed. PMID- 6541888 TI - Effects of microbial community interactions on transformation rates of xenobiotic chemicals. AB - The effects of culture filtrates, mixed populations, and common microbial exudates on bacterial transformations of three agricultural and industrial chemicals were investigated. Test chemicals included methyl parathion, diethyl phthalate, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid butoxyethyl ester. The presence of various cultures, filtrates, or exudates of algae, fungi, or other bacteria either stimulated or inhibited bacterial transformation rates. Inhibition resulted from treatments that lowered the pH, and stimulation resulted from an increase in cell biomass (based on plate counts) and from a different process whereby rates of transformation per bacterial cell rapidly increased as much as 10-fold. PMID- 6541889 TI - Survival of parasite eggs upon storage in sludge. AB - Destruction rates of parasite eggs in stored sludge were examined to help understand the fate of these agents of enteric diseases in sludge lagoons. Eggs from the roundworms, Ascaris spp., Toxocara spp., Trichuris spp., and the tapeworm, Hymenolepis spp., were treated with domestic sludges by aerobic or anaerobic processes. Sludge samples seeded with eggs were stored at 4 or 25 degrees C or in a container inserted into the ground to simulate lagoon conditions. The number of eggs recovered from the samples decreased with storage time. The viability and infectivity of eggs recovered were related to the storage temperature; i.e., the eggs stored at 4 degrees C remained viable longer than those stored at 25 degrees C. After 25 months at 4 degrees C, the Toxocara eggs and some Ascaris eggs remained both viable and infective, whereas most of these eggs stored at 25 degrees C were rendered nonviable after 10 to 16 months of storage in sludge. Although storage temperature was found to be the most important factor affecting the destruction and viability of these eggs, other factors, such as the type of sludge digestion, whether or not the eggs were digested along with the sludge or added later, storage in the soil versus sludge, pH, and egg species also exhibited some minor effects. These controlled laboratory studies suggest that lagooning of sludge can be an effective method for the elimination of parasite eggs, particularly in warmer geographical locations. PMID- 6541891 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of cisplatin and the effect of sodium thiosulfate]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II), CDDP) have been studied in 11 patients. Plasma and urine CDDP concentrations were determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The treatment schedule was administered either by a 3-hour and 4-hour i.v. infusion or a 1.5-hour i.a. infusion. In the 3-hour i.v. infusion, the peak level of plasma total CDDP was 4.09 micrograms/ml after the end of infusion and non-protein-bound CDDP was 0.78 microgram/ml. Plasma total CDDP level declined with two peaks, the half-life of the alpha phase being 3.3 hours and that of the beta phase being 5.29 days. The half-life of non-protein-bound CDDP was 1.6 hours. CDDP might have remained for a long time, because CDDP values were obtained 3 weeks after infusion and urinary recovery of CDDP showed low values. Its urinary recovery was 40.3% of the dose infusion in the first 24 hours and 48.0% in 96 hours. The protein-binding of CDDP was inhibited by sodium thiosulfate(STS) and renal urinary excretion was enhanced. Our data suggest that STS can be applied as a neutralizer of CDDP. PMID- 6541890 TI - Mycotoxins produced from fungi isolated from foodstuffs and soil: comparison of toxicity in fibroblasts and rat feeding tests. AB - Thirty-nine isolates of fungi obtained from foodstuffs and soil samples from various parts of the world have been identified. The isolates were grown on a solid rice medium, and extracts were prepared with 50% aqueous methanol. The extracts were examined for toxicity in the following systems: (i) cytotoxicity to cultured normal human diploid skin fibroblasts (proliferating and nonproliferating) and mouse fibroblasts; (ii) skin toxicity after topical application on rats; and (iii) rat feeding tests in which rats were examined for death, overt pathological effects including congestion and hemorrhage of tissues, weight loss, food refusal, and uterine growth. Sixteen culture extracts were highly toxic as indicated by death, congestion and hemorrhage of tissues, and net weight loss. One half of the isolates were highly cytotoxic (50% lethal concentration, 0.01 to 5 micrograms/ml) as indicated by the ability to cause death and disintegration of 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts and human diploid skin fibroblasts during 3 to 4 days in culture. The remainder were moderately cytotoxic (50% lethal concentration, 5 to 250 micrograms/ml). Four culture extracts were highly toxic by some clinical criteria but did not cause congestion and hemorrhage of tissues and were weakly cytotoxic (50% lethal concentration, 250 to 5,000 micrograms/ml). Six culture extracts exhibited moderate toxicity (weight loss only) and low cytotoxicity (50% lethal concentration, 3,000 to 50,000 micrograms/ml). Four culture extracts caused uterine enlargement as the major clinical sign, suggesting the presence of zearalenone. Eleven culture extracts were weakly cytotoxic and caused no major clinical signs, except skin toxicity in two extracts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541892 TI - [Reduction of cisplatin toxicity by fosfomycin in animal models]. AB - The protective effect of fosfomycin against cisplatin-induced toxicities was studied in rats. A total of 64 Fischer rats were injected intravenously with daily doses of 1, 2, 5 and 10 mg/kg of cisplatin with or without 300 mg/kg of fosfomycin for a period varying from 1 to 10 days. The same total dose of 10 mg/kg of cisplatin was given to all animals. Cisplatin-induced toxic side-effects of body weight loss, nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity were significantly reduced functionally or histopathologically by the combined administration of cisplatin and fosfomycin. A comparison of different dosage schedules with a total dose of 10 mg/kg of cisplatin showed that a higher daily dose for a shorter time period produced more marked toxicities. PMID- 6541893 TI - 'Twin' psoriasis in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6541894 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an important cause of sudden death. AB - Retrospective analysis was performed to assess the natural history in relation to clinical and haemodynamic features in 37 patients in whom hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had been diagnosed in childhood. At diagnosis they were aged 1 to 14 years (mean 9 years). Eighteen presented with chest pain and either dyspnoea or symptoms of impaired consciousness or both; 19 were asymptomatic and were referred for evaluation of abnormalities detected during physical examination. During a mean follow up of nine years, 18 patients died, a cumulative annual medical mortality of 4.8%. Five patients experienced severe dyspnoea or chest pain: two of these had progressive dyspnoea and died in cardiac failure, and three died after myectomy. The 19 survivors were compared with the 11 sudden deaths. Eleven of the survivors and five of the sudden deaths were asymptomatic. Of 18 clinical, electrocardiographic, and haemodynamic features only syncope and electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy were associated with sudden death. In children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sudden death was common and was not well predicted by clinical, electrocardiographic, or haemodynamic findings. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy indicates a poor prognosis even if symptoms are absent or mild. PMID- 6541895 TI - Anaphylactic shock during elimination diets for severe atopic eczema. AB - Eighty patients with atopic eczema were treated with various elimination diets. Some or all foods were withdrawn then later reintroduced singly to the diet. In four patients reintroduction of a single food (soya, chicken, corn, cows' milk) caused anaphylactic shock. In two patients spontaneous recovery occurred but in two resuscitation and intensive care were required. Anaphylaxis is a definite hazard of these elimination diets. Other than warning the parents, practical precautions are difficult because of the unpredictability of violent reactions and uncertainty about the life saving efficacy of injected adrenaline. PMID- 6541896 TI - Surgical management of critical pulmonary stenosis in the neonate. AB - Experience with 36 consecutive neonates less than 1 month of age with critical pulmonary stenosis (PS) with intact ventricular septum was analyzed to define the role of pulmonary valvotomy and of a concomitant systemic-pulmonary shunt as well as the impact of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) therapy in the management of this disorder. Operative procedures included pulmonary valvotomy as an isolated procedure (Group 1, N = 22), pulmonary valvotomy plus a systemic-pulmonary shunt (Group 2, N = 8), pulmonary valvotomy with PGE1 therapy (Group 3, N = 5), and one miscellaneous procedure. The hospital mortality (+/- 70% confidence limits [CL]) by treatment group was as follows: Group 1, 54% (CL, 41-67%) (12/22); Group 2, 25% (CL, 9-50%) (2/8); and Group 3, 0 (CL, 0-32%); Group 1 versus Group 2 plus Group 3 (p less than or equal to 0.05). Patients managed with a shunt or perioperative administration of PGE1 experienced a significant improvement in early survival. Late postoperative angiography demonstrated exemplary right ventricular growth in the majority of patients, although important residual abnormalities of the outflow tract necessitating operative repair were frequently present (5-year and 10-year actuarial freedom from reoperation, 73 +/- 10% and 42 +/- 16%, respectively [+/- standard error of the mean]). This review illustrates the limitations of pulmonary valvotomy as an isolated therapeutic method in neonates with critical PS. Provision of a systemic extracardiac source of pulmonary blood flow, accomplished by a systemic-pulmonary shunt or PGE1 infusion continued postoperatively, is the most important determinant of early survival in this disorder. PMID- 6541897 TI - Pharmacological study of pentazocine-naloxone combination: interest as a potentially non abusable oral form of pentazocine. AB - The hypothesis that co-administration of naloxone would not affect oral but would block parenteral pentazocine's activities was tested in two rat models, the Randall-Selitto and the hypertonic saline writhing tests. A 100:1 dose ratio of pentazocine-naloxone was shown to be optimal and equivalent in oral analgesic effects to pentazocine alone. The same combination, administered parenterally, showed little or no analgesia indicating a suppression of pentazocine activity. Pentazocine-naloxone combination appears, therefore, as a feasible means to retain full analgesic activity of pentazocine when administered orally while any attempt to extract pentazocine from this formulation for intravenous administration would result in little or no pharmacological effect and, therefore, eliminate the potential parenteral abuse of tablets. PMID- 6541898 TI - Colchicine therapy for refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Fourteen patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to splenectomy and corticosteroids (prednisone, 1 to 2 mg/kg of body weight per day) received at least 1.2 mg of oral colchicine daily for a minimum of two weeks. Three patients had complete responses and one had a partial response (response rate, 29%). Responses were evident within two weeks of commencing therapy. Only the patient with a partial response was receiving concomitant therapy, a stable dose of prednisone. Responsiveness to colchicine did not seem to correlate with responsiveness to vincristine sulfate. Side effects of colchicine therapy were mild and complications did not occur. A possible mechanism of action for colchicine in ITP is decreased clearance of opsonized platelets secondary to inhibition of microtubule-dependent events in macrophages. Colchicine is useful in the treatment of ITP resistant to standard treatment. PMID- 6541899 TI - Studies on simian hemorrhagic fever virus nucleocapsids. AB - Purified Simian Hemorrhagic Fever (SHF) virions are shown to have a sedimentation coefficient of 214S when compared with previously determined figures for Sindbis virus cosedimented in neutral sucrose gradients. The nucleic acid content in SHF virions was about 8 per cent of the total virionic mass. Nucleocapsids obtained by treating SHF virions with nonionic detergent and analyzed by ultracentrifugation in neutral sucrose gradients gave RNAse sensitive- but DNAse resistent particles with a reproducible sedimentation coefficient of 174S and a buoyant density of 1.33 g/ml in cesium chloride gradients. PMID- 6541900 TI - Puerperal cerebral blindness. Transient bilateral occipital involvement from presumed cerebral venous thrombosis. PMID- 6541901 TI - Laser photocoagulators for glaucoma research and therapy. PMID- 6541902 TI - Laser-induced primate glaucoma. I. Progression of cupping. AB - Sustained intraocular pressure elevations were induced in 15 monkey eyes by argon laser photocoagulation of the trabecular meshwork. Large fluctuations of IOP resulted. Posttreatment gonioscopy revealed an open angle with scattered low peripheral anterior synechiae. Optic disc cupping progressed during pressure elevations, manifested first as posterior bowing of the optic nerve head and peripapillary tissues. Reversal of this early phase of cupping occurred in eight eyes during spontaneous normalization of IOP. In most eyes, as cupping evolved from saucerization to a deeper cup, the cup remained round. In four eyes, focal sloping of the cup to the inferotemporal rim occurred with nerve fiber layer defects. Total cupping with undermining of the rim occurred in five eyes with prolonged IOP elevation. Laser-induced primate glaucoma has features in common with juvenile human glaucoma and is a useful model for the study of cupping of the optic nerve head. PMID- 6541903 TI - Laser-induced primate glaucoma. II. Histopathology. AB - A sustained, moderate pressure elevation was produced in 15 nonhuman primate eyes by application of laser energy to the trabecular meshwork. By light and electron microscopy, the trabecular beams were blunted, and scattered synechiae were present. Backward bowing of the lamina cribrosa, partial loss of the myelin sheath surrounding axonal segments just posterior to the lamina, and diffuse axonal loss involving the entire nerve cross section were noted. A quantitative analysis of this axonal loss revealed that eyes with moderate nerve head damage (cup-disc ratio, 0.6 to 0.8) had only 38% to 69% of the expected normal axonal count. The eyes with nearly total cupping (cup-disc ratio, 0.9 to 1.0) maintained between 10% and 36% of the normal axonal count. The disc changes in these experimental eyes are similar to those previously described in human eyes with glaucoma. PMID- 6541904 TI - Acute intraocular pressure elevation produced by argon laser trabeculoplasty in the cynomolgus monkey. AB - The short-term effect of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) was studied in a nonhuman primate model. The ALT treatment produced a consistent intraocular pressure elevation in the treated eye for eight hours. A statistically significant indomethacin-resistant increase in aqueous humor protein concentration was also observed. Morphologic observations using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed evidence of a fibrinous material covering the trabecular openings four hours after ALT. Cells and tissue debris appeared to be trapped in this fibrinlike net and may be the cause of the acute rise in IOP. Twenty-eight hours after ALT, the fibrin net was shown to be discontinuous, with fewer cells and less debris present. These acute morphologic alterations were not seen in control eyes or the laser-treated eyes observed later. PMID- 6541905 TI - The effect polyethylene intramammary devices on the somatic cell count and milk production of dairy cows. AB - Polyethylene intramammary devices (IMD) were inserted into all 4 quarters of 15 multiparous dairy cows. Fifteen cows, matched for parity and production, were controls. The insertion of IMD's was easily achieved and produced no adverse effects. Throughout the 150-day test period, the mean somatic cell count of cows with IMD's in situ was 216,000 cells per ml, compared with 119,000 cells per ml in controls (P less than 0.01). Total production of milk, butterfat and protein was not significantly different between the 2 groups. The new infection rate was too low to allow assessment of the value of the IMD for mastitis prevention. PMID- 6541906 TI - Multiple gene action determining a mouse salivary protein phenotype: identification of the structural gene for androgen binding protein (Abp). AB - A novel variation in electrophoretic phenotype is described for a mouse salivary androgen binding protein (Abp). Crosses show that the variation is inherited in an autosomal codominant manner and protein characterization studies show that the variant Abp differs in isoelectric point from the common form of the protein. Those observations suggest that the variation involves the structural gene for the mouse salivary Abp. The genetic studies also show that the electrophoretic mobility of the variant Abp can be influenced by the sex-limited saliva pattern (Ssp) gene. The SspS allele alters the electrophoretic mobility of Abp in males at puberty or in females which have received exogenous testosterone [Karn, R.C., Dlouhy, S.R., Springer, K.R., Hjorth, J.P., and Nielsen, J.T. (1982). Biochem Genet. 20:493]. This study shows that Abp and Ssp are distinct genes which are not closely linked and that SspS is trans active in F1 (Abpa/Abpb, SspS/SspF) males. PMID- 6541907 TI - Phosphorylation of the human asialoglycoprotein receptor. AB - The human asialoglycoprotein receptor was isolated via immune precipitation from hepatoma Hep G2 cells following incubation with [32P]Pi. Analysis on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed incorporation of 32P into both the 46 000 Da mature form of the receptor as well as the 40 000 Da precursor. The incorporated 32P was associated with phosphoserine. The degree of 32P incorporation was not substantially altered in cells endocytosing asialoglycoprotein ligand at maximal rates nor in cells in which receptor recycling was abolished by incubation with primaquine. That endocytosis and phosphorylation can be dissociated is supported by the observation that 32P is incorporated from [gamma-32P]ATP into the asialoglycoprotein receptor in isolated plasma membranes of Hep G2 cells. PMID- 6541909 TI - Cellular mechanism of release of atrial natriuretic factor. AB - Tissue extracts of rat heart atria contain a family of peptides with natriuretic and vasorelaxant properties. We have shown previously that this "atrial natriuretic factor" may be released in vitro from incubated atria by muscarinic cholinergic stimulation. Experiments reported here demonstrate that incubation with adrenalin or arginine vasopressin, but not with deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin, also results in liberation of atrial natriuretic factor. Since the effective agonists have in common activation of the cellular polyphosphoinositide system with consequent production of inositol triphosphate, we suggest that inositol triphosphate is the second messenger of stimulus-secretion coupling in atrial cells. PMID- 6541908 TI - Drug metabolism in man and its relationship to that in three rodent species: monooxygenase, epoxide hydrolase, and glutathione S-transferase activities in subcellular fractions of lung and liver. AB - Activities of drug metabolizing enzymes were determined in subcellular fractions of lung biopsies from 12 human subjects and in liver biopsies from 15 other human subjects. Monooxygenase (MO) activity with 7-ethoxycoumarin as a substrate and epoxide hydrolase (EH) activity with benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide as a substrate were measured in the microsomal fraction, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity toward 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene in the cytosolic fraction. MO activity was further characterized by the use of inhibitors known to act preferentially on different MO forms. To facilitate extrapolations from test results obtained in animals to man enzyme activities were also determined in corresponding fractions from commonly used laboratory animals, Sprague-Dawley rat, NMRI mouse, and Syrian golden hamster. All investigated specific activities were lower in lung than in liver preparations by factors ranging from 2.4 to 7 in the mouse, 4 to 18 in rat and hamster, and 11 to 697 in man. The high ratio between liver and lung activity in man occurred with MO and is due to an extremely low activity in human lung. It is not clear whether this low activity is predominantly due to low amounts of enzyme or to inhibitors known to be present in human lung preparations. With this exception of human lung MO, species differences in the investigated enzyme activities were moderate. Among the three rodent species, rat was most similar to man, with none of the investigated activities differing by a factor more than 2. The mouse differed from these two species by considerably higher MO and GST activities in both organs, and by a relatively low EH activity in liver for the investigated substrates, while the hamster displayed comparatively high lung GST and EH and liver GST and MO activities. MO inhibition patterns by different in vitro inhibitors were similar in the same organs of different species, but differed in lung and liver. Standard concentrations of the diagnostic inhibitors led to preferential inhibition of lung MO by metyrapone and considerably less by tetrahydrofuran, while for liver MO the reverse was true. In both organs, the standard concentration of alpha-naphthoflavone had only very weak effects. In conclusion, man and commonly used laboratory rodents are not grossly different with respect to the investigated enzyme activities with the possible exception of lung MO. For the substrates investigated, the rat represented clearly the best model for man among the studied animal species. PMID- 6541910 TI - Diacylglycerol causes major structural transitions in phospholipid bilayer membranes. AB - We demonstrate for the first time that major structural changes are imposed on various phospholipid bilayers by diacylglycerol, a product of phosphatidylinositol metabolism. By 5 mole percent in phosphatidylethanolamine a lamellar to hexagonal transition starts that is complete at 10 mole percent. At 30 mole percent it causes the same transition in phosphatidylcholine and forms a cubic phase at 80 mole percent. Diacylglycerol disorders the phosphatidylserine lamellar phase. We view the formation of the non-lamellar phases as diagnostic of the destabilizations that diacylglycerol can cause in membranes. We suggest how DAG may act both in its specific activation of membrane enzymes and in inducing membrane fusion. PMID- 6541911 TI - Comparative studies of local anesthetic effects on artificial membranes and isolated cardiac tissues. AB - Drugs with local anesthetic properties like propranolol, tetracaine, lidocaine, procaine, induce concentration dependent potentials in artificial membranes. The size of the drug induced potential correlates with cardiodepressant activity, measured as decrease in force of contraction of guinea-pig atria and papillary muscles. Drugs inducing high potentials like propranolol and tetracaine, show low EC50 values in cardiac tissues. Propranolol in comparison to lidocaine diffuses more rapidly across the lipid membrane as derived from the time dependent decline in membrane potential and from radioactive tracer measurements. After application of a single drug concentration on cardiac tissues a longer time is required for propranolol to reach steady state than for example for lidocaine. Effects are higher at pH 9 than at pH 7 and 7.4, respectively. The results suggest that the site of action of propranolol primarily are cytoplasmic cell structures whereas that of lidocaine and procaine is the outer membrane surface. PMID- 6541912 TI - [The pharmacology of a new cardiosteroid, a partially synthetic derivative of the aglycone hellebrigenin (acrihellin)]. AB - 3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-bufa-20,22-dienolide 3-(3-methylcrotonate) (acrihellin, D 12 316) is according to chemical structure and pharmacological effects a semisynthetic compound of the aglycon hellebrigenin. It is characterized as a cardiosteroid. In isolated organ (Langendorff heart) the positive inotropic effect proved to be stronger in comparison to digoxin. Also in dogs and cats acrihellin increases the contractile force of the myocardium; especially in failing canine heart, it increases the force of contraction (strain gauge) and velocity of pressure rise (dp/dt max). In classical glycoside test on cat (Hatcher's dose) acrihellin is more effective than digoxin and methyldigoxin on weight basis, equivalent on a molar basis. The therapeutical index of acrihellin is like that of methyldigoxin. In cats and dogs, the compound is absorbed rapidly and almost completely, especially when administered intraduodenally. Herein it is comparable to methyldigoxin, better than digoxin. In cats acrihellin shows a decay rate of 26%. In all investigations performed in order to study central nervous effects after single administration of therapeutical doses no central side-effects could be detected in contrast to methyldigoxin. PMID- 6541913 TI - Prenatal and postnatal development of rats following the maternal treatment with testosterone during the late period of embryogenesis. AB - Sprague-Dawley derived female albino rats were administered subcutaneously 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg/kg of testosterone acetate in sesame oil at single daily doses, from day 13 until day 16 of pregnancy (day 0 = spermatozoa). The pregnant females were either killed shortly before term or allowed to litter and raise their offspring. Increased rates of prenatal death were observed in the three experimental groups of both these experiments. Reduced body weight of foetuses and, respectively, young rats after weaning was recorded for the intermediate and high dose groups. Embryo-lethality and delay of either foetal or postnatal development occurred at some dose-relationship and in association with slight to moderate loss of maternal body weight during the period of treatment. No teratogenic potency of testosterone was found and no changes of the female sexual organs were observed in the foetuses or young rats. PMID- 6541914 TI - The effects of biliary obstruction on excretion of cefoperazone in the rat. AB - A study has been carried out on the influence of biliary obstruction on the elimination of cefoperazone (CPZ), an antibiotic mainly excreted in the bile. Rats were submitted to ligature of the common bile duct, given CPZ 100 mg/kg i.m., and killed 1 to 72 h afterwards. At death, measurements were made of CPZ concentrations in the serum, liver, lung, striated muscle, kidney, urine, intestinal wall and intestinal contents. The results were compared with those found in intact and in sham operated rats. Biliary obstruction led to a prolongation of the time taken for CPZ to disappear from the serum and markedly changed the way in which the drug was excreted. The amount of the drug excreted in the urine was 88% in the presence of biliary obstruction compared with 6% in intact rats and 14% in sham operated rats. The amount of CPZ in the small intestine 1 h after injection was very high in sham operated rats but only minimal amounts were found at this time in the presence of biliary obstruction. However, from 6 h after the injection, large amounts of CPZ were found in the intestinal contents despite the presence of biliary obstruction. In conclusion, in the presence of biliary obstruction, CPZ is eliminated by a combination of urinary and intestinal (non-biliary) excretion. PMID- 6541916 TI - Bacterio-pharmacological activity of Saccharomyces boulardii in clindamycin induced colitis in the hamster. AB - The effect of S. boulardii on experimental colitis induced by the single oral administration of 1 mg/kg of clindamycin in the Syrian hamster was studied. Oral administration of S. boulardii for 13 days, starting 3 days prior to the administration of clindamycin, significantly reduced the mortality rate and inhibited the growth of C. difficile in the caecum and colon. There was a marked improvement in the sub-mucosa and mucosa which showed major inflammatory lesions when clindamycin was administered alone. PMID- 6541915 TI - Influence of sulfur-containing compounds on the acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide in male Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The acute toxicity of cyclophosphamide (CP) was investigated following the pretreatment with seven sulfur-containing compounds (SCC): disulfiram (DSF), diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC), L-cysteine (Cys), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (Ac-Cys), S carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (Carb-Cys), D-penicillamine (Pen), and cysteamine hydrochloride (1-amino-3-mercaptoethane X HCl, C-NH). The following LD50 values were recorded: CP alone 254, CP + DSF 77, CP + DDTC 260, CP + Cys 345, CP + Ac Cys 319, CP + Carb-Cys 271, CP + Pen 392, CP + C-NH 299 mg/kg b.wt. Only DSF significantly increased the toxicity of cyclophosphamide. None of the SCC tested seems to be superior to mesna (sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate), a selective protector against cyclophosphamide-induced bladder and kidney toxicity. PMID- 6541917 TI - [Determination of the binding of 3,5-bis(acetamido)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid and some of its salts to human serum albumin using the ultrafiltration flat chamber method]. AB - Using the ultrafiltration flat chamber method the binding of N-methylglucamine, meglumine amido trizoate, lysine amido trizoate, diatrizoic acid and L-lysine to human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated. It was demonstrated that the affinity to HSA decreases in the above mentioned order. Binding was characterised by determination of K1 (total binding constant), k+ (apparent binding constant), n (number of binding sites per molecule of albumin) and delta F degrees (free reaction energy). PMID- 6541918 TI - Drug-protein interactions. Inhibition of the action of levamisole on human serum albumin in vitro by DL-2-oxo-3-(2-mercaptoethyl)-5-phenyl-imidazolidine. AB - Comparative studies by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis showed that DL-2-oxo-3-(2-mercaptoethyl)-5-phenyl imidazolidine (OMPI), a major metabolite of levamisole in vivo, exerted an inhibitory effect on the polymerization of albumin induced by levamisole action on human serum in vitro. Similar effects were obtained with sulfhydryl reagents. D-Penicillamine did not indicate such an action. The findings suggest that the SH groups of albumin may be involved in its interaction with levamisole. PMID- 6541919 TI - [In vivo testing of a peroral theophylline depot preparation with zero-order release]. AB - A theophylline depot preparation on the basis of microcapsules (multiple-units principle) with an initial dose Di = 133 mg and a maintenance dose Dm = 217 mg (kof = 22.8 mg/h) is examined after single application to 7 volunteers in comparison with the aqueous solution. The relative bioavailability of the depot preparation is about 92%. Curve fitting shows that the liberation in vivo is clearly slower (kof = 15.6 mg/h) than in vitro. This could be of general importance for the development of peroral depot preparations. Furthermore the data suggest considerable absorption from the large intestine (colon). This is of interest for the conception of peroral preparations with exceptionally long action. PMID- 6541920 TI - [Metronidazole concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid from slightly inflamed meninges]. AB - The concentrations of metronidazole (Clont i.v.) in the cerebrospinal fluid were measured in 12 patients with viral meningitis or subsiding bacterial meningitis after a single infusion of 500 mg lasting 20 min. 1 h after infusion the CSF concentrations were between 2,3 micrograms/ml and 7,4 micrograms/ml and 2 h after infusion between 6,5 micrograms/ml and 8,6 micrograms/ml. They attained 45,9% respectively 75,9% of the corresponding serum concentrations. Because the minimal inhibitory concentrations of the most important obligate anaerobic gram-negative bacteria are attained, it appears that metronidazole can be used for the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by these pathogens. PMID- 6541921 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of a fluoride-calcium preparation for the treatment of osteoporosis]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of fluoride and calcium were studied after administration of a combined fluoride and calcium preparation (Tridin) (1, 2 and 3 tablets) in 9 healthy male volunteers, using a cross-over study design. The total estimation of the pharmacokinetic data was performed by a simultaneous curve fitting to all single values, using a direct search procedure based on an open two-compartment model and three-compartment model, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations and areas under the curve are proportional to the dose administered. Inter subject variations are comparatively small, computerized multiple dose simulation for 3 days does not show any cumulation. The data fit the two-compartment model and the three-compartment model as well. The behaviour of the calcium concentrations reflects the immediate response of calcium homeostasis: plasma calcium concentrations are not affected. PMID- 6541922 TI - Hypolipidemic activity of some derivatives of 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran. AB - This paper describes the synthesis of 6-carboxy derivatives of 6H dibenzo[b,d]pyran. These compounds are among the most rigid structures related to clofibrate ever synthesized, which means they have very few possible conformations of relative stability compared with the many for clofibrate. Compound 6H-2-chloro-6-methyl-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-carboxylic acid 3g showed very high hypolipidemic activity being 12 times more potent than clofibrate in reducing plasma cholesterol concentration in the hypercholesterolemic rat and 11 times more potent in reducing plasma triglyceride concentration in the normolipemic rat. PMID- 6541923 TI - Studies on the in vitro interactions of cimetidine with commercial antacid preparations and chemically pure components. AB - Studies of the in vitro binding of cimetidine to commercial antacid preparations such as colloidal aluminium hydroxide-magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide calcium carbonate and the chemical pure components Al(OH)3, Mg(OH)2 or Al2O3 showed no adsorption of cimetidine at cimetidine to antacid ratios employed in clinical practice. Small degrees of binding were observed with two silicate containing antacids (21.4 +/- 0.5 mumol/g and 12.3 +/- 1.9 mumol/g). PMID- 6541924 TI - Effects of pildralazine alone and in combination on severe hypertension and cerebrovascular lesions in saline-drinking spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The efficacy of long-term treatments with the vasodilator antihypertensive pildralazine alone and in combination with propranolol or dihydrochlorothiazide in preventing blood pressure increase and cerebrovascular lesions in saline drinking spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was evaluated. Groups of 20-40 animals were treated daily for 13 weeks. At the end of the experiments the brains were examined histologically and vascular lesions, ranging from arterial wall damage to cerebral infarction, were checked. In the control groups (n = 60), systolic blood pressure gradually rose to over 200 mmHg, and about 74% of the animals had lesions. Pildralazine at a dose of 1 mg/kg p.o. significantly inhibited the onset of severe hypertension; the combination of pildralazine with moderately effective doses of propranolol (10 mg/kg p.o.) or dihydrochlorothiazide (5 mg/kg p.o.) completely prevented the blood pressure increase. When blood pressure control was achieved, the incidence of cerebrovascular lesions was also significantly reduced. PMID- 6541925 TI - [Comparative pharmacokinetics and biologic availability of paracetamol as suppositories]. AB - After a single dose administration of either 4 suppositories Dolarist -250 (a total of 1000 mg paracetamol, N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) or 4 suppositories of a reference drug registered according to AMG 1976 (a total of 800 mg paracetamol) in 6 healthy subjects, the serum concentrations of paracetamol were determined until 24 h post application. The main pharmacokinetic parameters and the relative bioavailability were calculated. The maximum concentrations of both drugs were similar, however, with Dolarist-250 the serum levels observed after 3, 4, 6 and 8 h were significantly higher. The invasion and elimination rate as well as the relative bioavailability showed no relevant differences. PMID- 6541926 TI - Therapeutic concentration of coumarin and predicted dosage regimens. AB - The concentrations of coumarin (C) and its metabolites 7-hydroxy-coumarin (7-OHC) and 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronide (7-OHCG) were determined in 24 episiotomy patients at the time clinical effectiveness was observed. The patients were on 7:00 h-13:00 h-19:00 h dosage regimen of 2 controlled release tablets (Venalot Depot; 15 mg C per tablet). The C concentrations at the end of the 7:00 h dose was 0.011 +/- 0.0027 micrograms/ml +/- SEM, and 0.036 +/- 0.0057 micrograms/ml +/ SEM 1/2 h after the following dose. The mean therapeutic concentration was about 0.02 micrograms/ml. Based on previously established pharmacokinetic parameters of C in man dosage regimens for i.v. infusion and i.v. push were calculated. PMID- 6541927 TI - [Gitoformate and digitoxin as alternatives to kidney-dependent glycosides in the therapy of cardiac insufficiency]. AB - Kidney independent glycosides offer a high measure of therapeutic safety in comparison with kidney dependent glycosides. The intoxication rate lies between 4 and 6%. The pharmacokinetic properties of pentaformylgitoxin (INN: gitoformate) are comparable with those for digitoxin. The active glycoside 16-formylgitoxin (INN: gitaloxin) is formed by rapid deformylation of the formyl residue on the sugar chain. The maintenance dose of 0.06 mg daily, based on the half-life, produces therapeutic concentrations in the range 6-30 ng/ml. The required loading dose, as for digitoxin, amounts to 10 times the maintenance dose. PMID- 6541928 TI - [Antidepressive effect of a Hypericum extract standardized to an active hypericine complex. Biochemical and clinical studies]. AB - In 6 women with depressive symptoms aged 55-65 years the effect on the excretion of urinary metabolits of noradrenaline and dopamine was measured after a monotherapy with the active hypericine complex (Psychotonin M). In all patients there was a significant increase in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglucol which is considered an expression of a beginning antidepressive reaction. With the same patients supplemented with further 9 cases the clinical influence on the depression was measured during a period of 4-6 weeks, with the rating-scales SCAG (Clinical assessment geriatric scale) and DSI (Depression Status Inventory) there was shown a quantitative improvement of the items anxiety, dysphoric mood, loss of interest, hypersomnia, anorexia, depression regularly worse in the morning, insomnia, obstipation, psychomotoric retardation and feeling of worthlessness. PMID- 6541929 TI - [The combined effects of oxazolam and alcohol on achievement and mood in healthy subjects]. AB - The combined effects of oxazolam (Tranquit), a benzodiazepine, and alcohol were examined in two separate studies. 20 healthy male student subjects participated in study I. 20 mg and 60 mg of oxazolam and placebo were combined with 0.55 g/kg alcohol and alcohol placebo. There were 3-4 subjects in each of the six cells of the 3 X 2 design. 102 healthy male employees of a company participated in study II. 20 mg of oxazolam and placebo were combined with 0.55 g/kg and 0.83 g/kg alcohol and alcohol placebo. There were 17 subjects in each of the six cells of the 2 X 3 design. In both studies achievement tests and subjective tests were applied before and after 90-120 min p.a. An analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the effects (pretest as covariate). The results in both studies showed definite effects of alcohol and only weak drug effects. All effects in the achievement tests pointed in a negative direction. In the few cases where alcohol and drug effects could be shown simultaneously, the effects added up in combination or the drug developed the negative effects of alcohol, which were not demonstrated under placebo alone. For the examined time of measurement the combined effects are comparable to the combined effects of other benzodiazepines. PMID- 6541930 TI - Basic concepts of pain and pain therapy. AB - Pain originating in the peripheral nervous system is based on the excitation of nociceptive afferent fibers, which are contained among A-delta- and C-fibers from skin, viscera, joints and muscles. Often, this excitation originates at the peripheral fiber ending, the nociceptor. Nociceptors are excited by strong stimuli, which may eventually become destructive. Nociceptor excitability is enhanced by endogenous chemical substances as occur, e.g., during inflammation. Some analgesic substances, e.g. acetylsalicylic acid, inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins and related metabolites, which is thought to be a mechanism of peripheral analgesia. Some forms of chronic pain are due to pathophysiological conditions of peripheral axons. Neuralgic pain may be caused by prolonged compression of a nerve. Here, ectopic impulse generation at the site of compression is considered a mechanism of pain. In a nerve regenerating after trauma the sprouts are sensitive to mechanical and chemical influences and thus may produce abnormal discharges in the neuroma. Sympathetic influences might enhance excitability of sprouts in the neuroma. Excitation of nociceptors by the sympathetic nervous system probably also occurs in other situations of chronic pain, such as Sudeck's syndrome. Here, the chronic pain may be sustained by a positive feedback loop via somato-sympathetic reflexes (sympathetic reflex dystrophy). Similar mechanisms of positive feedback also occur in the skeletomotor system, where chronic pain conditions can be sustained by inappropriate muscle tone. In the central nervous system much of the information from the nociceptive afferent fibers is contained in the discharges of multireceptive neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6541931 TI - The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in pain. Possible neuronal mechanisms. AB - The sympathetic nervous system is defined anatomically as the thoraco-lumbar autonomic nervous system with only efferent neurones projecting into the lower extremities. The afferent fibres travelling in the sympathetic nerves and supplying visceral organs are named visceral afferents. They are probably involved in visceral nociception. Some afferents in the sympathetic trunk which have been regarded by some as sympathetic afferent neurones from deep structures in the extremities in fact seem to innervate structures in the retroperitoneal space such as the vertebral column e.g. Arguments for and against the direct modulatory influence of sympathetic activity on sensory receptors in skin and skeletal muscle are discussed. It is concluded that an efferent sympathetic control of receptors in the periphery does not play a significant role in mammals. The possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the pathogenesis of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is discussed in the light of recent experimental findings. The different symptoms like pain, dysregulation of blood flow and sweating, the trophic changes in skin and subcutaneous tissues are considered with respect to the complex morphological and functional changes found in primary afferent neurones, dorsal horn neurones and postganglionic vasoconstrictor neurones in animals with nerve lesions. The clinical picture of postsympathectomy pain is presented. It is proposed that the basic peripheral neuronal mechanism leading to this pain may be very much the same as it may be in different types and stages of reflex sympathetic dystrophy. PMID- 6541932 TI - Some aspects of pain measurement in man. AB - Methods of clinical and experimental algesimetry are described that have been used to evaluate effects of peripherally and centrally acting analgesics. Since pain is a complex psychophysical phenomenon, algesimetry has a lot of inherent problems which are discussed. PMID- 6541933 TI - [Potential for dependence of analgesics and psychopharmaceuticals]. AB - The dependence liability of analgesic and psychotropic drugs as assessed in animal experiments is described. It is demonstrated that the abuse liability of a given drug does not only depend on its pharmacological or psychopharmacological profile of actions. The abuse liability of a drug is, however, greatly influenced by environmental variables, motivation to self-administration of a drug as well as previous drug exposure. Correlations between dependent behavior of animals and dependent behavior of men are discussed. PMID- 6541934 TI - [On demand analgesia: new concepts for treatment of acute pain]. AB - Intravenous demand analgesia is introduced as a possible way to optimize the treatment of acute pain. Within certain limits patients are allowed to self administer small doses of analgesics as often as they need; microprocessors are used to control safe operation and to document individual drug consumption. Literature is reviewed with respect to previous experience with patient activated analgesia, and new data are presented from a pilot study with 11 analgesic drugs administered on demand during the early postoperative period. Demand analgesia is described not only as an effective therapeutic concept but also as an interesting tool for pain research (influences on pain perception, comparison of analgesic potencies etc.). It is strongly suggested from the results that treatment of acute pain ought to be more individualized than it is now in routine practice. PMID- 6541935 TI - [Status epilepticus in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6541936 TI - [Severe mitral insufficiency without left atrial hypertension]. PMID- 6541937 TI - [Pre- and postoperative evaluation of the left ventricle in patients with chronic isolated aortic insufficiency. Serial echocardiographic study: prognostic indices]. PMID- 6541938 TI - [Different prognostic significance of ventricular tachycardia in patients with acute or previous myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6541939 TI - [Blood lipid patterns in ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6541940 TI - [Antiarrhythmic action of intravenous mexiletine]. PMID- 6541941 TI - [Left atrial echocardiographic dimensions in mitral valve disease with chronic atrial fibrillation: comparison with mitral valve disease in sinus rhythm and sclerotic cardiopathy with chronic atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 6541942 TI - [Use of sotalol in hyperkinetic heart syndrome: clinical evaluation and Holter dynamic electrocardiography]. PMID- 6541943 TI - [Torsade de pointes induced by temporary electrical stimulation in a patient with acute inferior infarction]. PMID- 6541944 TI - Does kissing aid human bonding by semiochemical addiction? PMID- 6541945 TI - Long-term follow-up of central serous chorioretinopathy. AB - The Wilmer Retinal Vascular Center's experience with central serous chorioretinopathy from 1970 to the end of 1979 was reviewed and compared with previous studies. Retrospective analysis of 73 patients seen at follow-up suggests no clinically significant effect of focal argon laser photocoagulation on final visual acuity or recurrence rate. Patients with initial visual acuity of 20/20 remained at that level, and patients with initial visual acuity of less than 20/30 gained, on average, two to three Snellen lines at follow-up. Approximately one-third of both untreated and treated patients had recurrence or presumed persistence during the follow-up period. With the inclusion of episodes that occurred before the first Wilmer Institute visit about half of each group had recurrence or presumed persistence. Recurrences were most often due to leakage from a site within one disc diameter of the original site of leakage. PMID- 6541946 TI - A two sodium ion/D-glucose symport mechanism: membrane potential effects on phlorizin binding. AB - Apical membrane vesicles isolated from a continuous renal cell line, LLC-PK1, catalyze electrogenic Na+-stimulated hexose transport and Na+-dependent binding of 3H-labeled 1-[2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-4, 6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(4 hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanone [( 3H]phlorizin), a competitive ligand of this transport system. Phlorizin was not itself transported across the membrane and thus can serve as a probe of the binding step. The stoichiometry of Na+-dependent phlorizin binding in vesicles was 1:1, whereas Na+/hexose cotransport in vesicles exhibited a 2:1 stoichiometry. Na+ increased the affinity of phlorizin binding without affecting the total number of binding sites. An increased number of Na+ dependent phlorizin binding sites was observed under conditions of interior negative membrane potential. These results are consistent with a model of the Na+/glucose cotransport cycle in which the unloaded transporter is negatively charged and its orientation influenced by membrane potential. Glucose and one sodium ion interact with the transporter, resulting in an uncharged complex. Binding of a second sodium ion triggers translocation of glucose and both sodium ions via formation of a loaded carrier complex bearing a single positive charge. PMID- 6541947 TI - Interaction of the antitumor agents cis,cis,trans-PtIV(NH3)2Cl2(OH)2 and cis,cis,trans-PtIV[(CH3)2CHNH2]2Cl2(OH)2 and their reduction products with PM2 DNA. AB - The ability of two platinum(IV) antitumor agents, cis,cis,trans PtIV[(CH3)2CHNH2]2Cl2(OH)2 (2) and cis,cis,trans-PtIV(NH3)2Cl2(OH)2 (4), to interact with PM2 DNA was examined. Analysis using gel electrophoresis showed that neither compound is able to alter the electrophoretic mobilities of the three forms of PM2 DNA in the gel. However, incubation of 2 and 4 with 2 equiv of Fe(ClO4)2 X 6H2O or 1 equiv of ascorbic acid results in reduction to yield the divalent complexes cis-PtII(NH3)2Cl2 (1) and cis-PtII-[(CH3)2CHNH2]2Cl2 (3). The structures of the reduction products were characterized by using elemental analysis as well as infrared and 195Pt NMR spectroscopies. Both 1 and 3 were found to bind to and unwind supercoiled form I PM2 DNA. The aforementioned observations support the suggestion that reduction is a means of activating the antitumor properties of 2 and 4. PMID- 6541948 TI - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study on the dynamics of the conformation of reduced flavin. AB - Several flavin model compounds in the reduced state have been investigated by 13C NMR techniques. The NMR spectra were recorded in dependence of temperature, in the range of 30 to -100 degrees C. The results show that the activation barrier for the ring inversion ("butterfly" motion) is too low to be observed directly. In order to be able to detect the barrier of the ring inversion, it was coupled with a side-chain rotation. In this way, the intrinsic barrier for the ring inversion is increased by the barrier of the side-chain rotation, which allowed detection of the former barrier. It is shown that the intrinsic barrier for the ring inversion is less than 20 kJ/mol. Moreover, it is shown that previous results of Tauscher et al. [Tauscher, L., Ghisla, S., & Hemmerich, P. (1973) Helv. Chim. Acta 56, 630-649] are incorrect and nitrogen inversion is not observed. Symmetry arguments in the dynamic processes are discussed. From the low activation barrier for the ring inversion, it can be concluded that the conformation of the reduced flavin can be easily influenced upon binding to apoflavoproteins. This aspect might be of importance in the regulation of the function of the flavin prosthetic group in biological systems. PMID- 6541950 TI - Calmodulin in human serum and the specific release of calmodulin from calmodulin rich platelets. AB - Calmodulin (CaM)-like activity was detected in human serum and foetal calf serum, with an activity 10 times more than that detectable in plasma. Serum CaM was largely accounted for by release from human platelets as confirmed by both radioimmunoassay and sodium-dodecyl-sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of CaM partially purified from platelet releasate obtained in response to thrombin. Lactate dehydrogenase release was unaffected by thrombin. Platelet CaM content was very variable (1.3 to 11.3 micrograms/mg protein; n = 15). It is suggested that intact platelets are rich in CaM and that release of CaM during preparation explains the variation in CaM content reported here and in the literature. PMID- 6541949 TI - Action of clofibrate and its analogs in rats. Dissociation of hypolipidemic effects and the induction of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. AB - Experiments were conducted to compare directly the effects of clofibrate (ethyl 2 (p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyrate) and its analogs on serum lipids and on the rate limiting enzyme of the hepatic peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway, fatty acyl coenzyme A oxidase. Clofibrate feeding (5 g/kg diet) led to 8-10-fold increases in enzyme activity in 7 days. The enzyme remained elevated during the 28-day course of the experiment. The treatment did not lead to a lowering of serum cholesterol or triacylglycerol at any time during the experiment. In separate experiments rats were given clofibrate or one of five analogs by gastric intubation for 4 consecutive days. Four of the five analogs studied caused a significant lowering of serum triacylglycerol to about 50% of pretreatment level; another analog and clofibrate itself did not significantly affect serum triacylglycerol levels. None of the five analogs caused an induction of hepatic fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, while clofibrate treatment led to a 3-4-fold increase in enzyme activity. The results demonstrate a complete dissociation between the hypolipidemic action of these compounds and the induction of peroxisomal beta oxidation. Thus it appears that the two phenomena are mechanistically unrelated. PMID- 6541951 TI - [Effect of repeated haloperidol and apomorphine administration on the development of tolerance for catalepsy and dopamine receptor hypersensitivity in mice]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on mice that repeated administration of haloperidol (20 days) in doses of 0.1 and 5.0 mg/kg provoked an increase in the tolerance to the drug cataleptic effect. When administered in a higher dose (5.0 mg/kg), the drug increased 3H-spiroperidol binding with the striatal membranes 72 hours after withdrawal. Repeated administration of apomorphine in doses of 0.1 and 1 mg/kg combined with haloperidol antagonized the development of the tolerance and reduced the hypersensitivity of dopamine receptors, observed after withdrawal of haloperidol in a dose of 5.0 mg/kg. The low apomorphine dose also potentiated the haloperidol-induced catalepsy. PMID- 6541952 TI - [Fenamin stereotypy as a stable rhythmic process]. AB - In cats with amphetamine stereotypy, the rate of horizontal head movements ranges rhythmically in time. Marked stereotypy is in agreement with more regular and low amplitude waves on the total activity curve. During amphetamine effect abatement, the curve gets stabilized as regards the amplitude and period. According to the results of separate evaluation of the temporary dynamics of the number of the left- and right-handed head movements, stereotypy is marked by an increase in the period duration when the rate of the movements changes differently. Natural or neuroleptic-induced abatement of stereotypy is accompanied by an increase in the duration of unidirectional (synchronized) shifts of the rate of the head movements. PMID- 6541953 TI - [Combination of cisplatin with 5-fluorouracil in the primary treatment of advanced carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tract]. PMID- 6541954 TI - Middle ear function in cleft palate. AB - This study is based on an impedence audiometric evaluation of three groups of patients-20 with un-operated cleft palate, 28 normal subjects as controls and 20 operated cleft palate patients. Four major parameters have been analysed: middle ear pressure, static compliance, acoustic reflex and tympanometry. It was confirmed that in the normal child Eustachian tube function improves with growth and the critical age when the middle ear pressure becomes normal in almost all the normal children is 5 to 6 years. This process of improvement is disturbed in the presence of a cleft palate. Poor Eustachian tube function, evidenced by persistent negative middle ear pressure, continues to be commonly seen in the older subjects with un-operated cleft palates. The static compliance that reflects the elasticity of the conducting mechanism of the middle ear is poorer in cleft palate patients. It was also observed that when the cleft palate had been repaired before the age of 6 years, Eustachian tube function improved significantly in the older age group as shown by the lower incidence of negative middle ear pressure and Eustachian tube block. The high incidence of serous otitis media is apparently unaffected by surgery on the cleft palate and is responsible for some degree of hearing loss encountered in the older patients with operated cleft palates. Thus the incidence of hearing loss as studied by acoustic reflex is higher in all age groups in the presence of a cleft palate. PMID- 6541955 TI - Fetal suprachiasmatic nucleus transplants: diurnal rhythm recovery of lesioned rats. AB - The diurnal rhythm organization of drinking behavior was determined prior to and after suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) lesions. Five weeks after SCN lesions which produced total loss of the diurnal rhythm, the anterior hypothalamus including the SCN of fetal rats was transplanted into the floor of the 3rd ventricle of the lesioned rats. Eight weeks after the graft, rats recovered their rhythm. The results show that grafts allow animals to recover lost functional properties due to lesions, and further support the notion that the SCN is a pacemaker for certain behaviors. PMID- 6541956 TI - Effect of light on the acetylcholine concentrations of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the rat. AB - Acetylcholine concentrations were determined in suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats sacrificed by irradiation of microwave, using radioimmunoassay. No significant rhythmicity was observed over a 24-h period in rats blinded for two weeks. When the light was given at 22.00 h (illumination schedule L:07.00-19.00 h) in intact rats, acetylcholine concentration increased 30 and 60 min after light on in suprachiasmatic nucleus, but not in the other control site. These results suggest that endogenous circadian rhythm of acetylcholine concentration is absent in suprachiasmatic nucleus, but light may affect acetylcholine concentration of this site. PMID- 6541957 TI - Anterior pituitary prolactin release in vitro after interruption of anterolateral neural connections of the mediobasal hypothalamus in male rats. AB - These studies examined the effects of surgical interruption of anterolateral neural connections of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) on the subsequent ability of the perifused anterior pituitary (AP) to release prolactin (Prl). Anterolateral MBH cuts were made in adult male rats; sham-operated rats served as controls. An in vivo experiment performed at 5 weeks after the two types of surgery showed that the MBH cuts did not alter non-stress plasma Prl concentrations, but this surgery reduced (P less than 0.05) the Prl response to stress. At 4 months after surgery, the perifused APs from rats with MBH cuts released less (P less than 0.001) Prl under basal conditions and when perifused in series with blocks of preoptic-hypothalamic tissue than did APs from the sham operated controls. The APs from the MBH-cut and control groups released similar amounts of Prl in response to an initial administration of 56 mM potassium (high K+). After 6 h of perifusion, the APs of the group with MBH cuts contained less (P less than 0.001) Prl than did those of the control group. These findings suggest that transecting anterolateral connections of the MBH causes a reduction in Prl synthesis and steady-state release without affecting the pool of Prl that is released in response to high K+. PMID- 6541958 TI - Prevention of stressor-induced disturbances of self-stimulation by desmethylimipramine. AB - Following exposure to uncontrollable footshock mice displayed a pronounced reduction of responding for electrical brain stimulation from the nucleus accumbens. In mice that received repeated treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant, desmethylimipramine, the shock induced reduction of responding was attenuated. It was suggested that, among other things, uncontrollable stressors result in disturbances of motivational/reward processes, which are antagonized by repeated treatment with desmethylimipramine. PMID- 6541959 TI - Postsynaptic membrane domains in the molecular layer of the cerebellum: a correlation between presynaptic inputs and postsynaptic plasma membrane organization. AB - The intramembrane particle (IMP) content of Purkinje, basket, stellate and Golgi cell plasma membrane was quantitatively assessed in freeze-fracture replicas of the cerebellum of normal rats and Weaver mutant mice. This analysis showed that, irrespective of the cell type innervated (i.e. Purkinje, stellate, basket or Golgi cells) postsynaptic membranes for parallel fibers had a relatively low IMP content in their cytoplasmic P-face (approximately equal to 750 IMP/micron2), while postsynaptic membranes for climbing, basket and stellate axons were characterized by a significantly higher IMP content (approximately equal to 1400 IMP/micron2). This difference of IMP content between the targets for parallel fibers and those for climbing, basket and stellate axons was restricted to IMP smaller than 10 nm and appeared progressively during the development of the molecular layer, suggesting a correlation between the formation of synaptic contacts and the segregation of the postsynaptic membrane in these two different domains. In addition, the study of the Weaver mice cerebellum, which is deprived of parallel fibers, but yet shows a normal IMP content in the postsynaptic membrane for the missing fibers, indicated that this characteristic IMP content is established before or during the afferent's reaching its target, and independently of whether the contact ultimately occurs. PMID- 6541960 TI - Retinotopic organizations of the expanded ipsilateral projection to the rat's superior colliculus; variations along its rostrocaudal axis. AB - The retinotopic organization of the expanded projection to the ipsilateral colliculus was studied electrophysiologically in 12 adult albino rats with one eye removed at birth. For comparison, the contralateral projection was rather variable in the representation of the nasotemporal axis of the retina along the rostrocaudal dimension of the colliculus; on the other hand, the representation of dorsal-to-ventral retinal axis onto the mediolateral dimension of the colliculus was relatively stable. PMID- 6541961 TI - Cranial nerve block after test dose through an epidural catheter in a pre eclamptic parturient. AB - A case of unintentional high spinal anaesthesia is reported, in a 40-year-old obese patient at 38 weeks gestation, complicated by pre-eclampsia. In spite of careful technique in placement of an epidural catheter, the test dose of 3 ml bupivacaine 0.5 per cent produced an unusual block which ascended to include sensory blockade of the fifth cranial nerve, but the motor components of the cervical and thoracic segments were spared. This case suggests that a smaller epidural test dose of bupivacaine might be appropriate, especially in an obese and pre-eclamptic parturient. PMID- 6541962 TI - Ocular involvement in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: the angiographic and histopathological features. AB - We report two cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). The first case illustrates the clinical findings and fluorescein angiographic features of this disease, notably the serous macular detachments and focal areas of choriocapillaris occlusion. The second case demonstrates a more severe case of TTP, with neurologic complications that led to death; histopathological examination of the eyes showed serous retinal detachments and choriocapillaris occlusion, with electron microscopic evidence of intravascular fibrin-platelet thrombi. PMID- 6541963 TI - The antibacterial activity of some naturally occurring 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4 benzoquinones. AB - Polyporic acid, atromentin, bovinone, and oosporein are common metabolic products of a number of species of fungi. The related compound cochliodinol and its congeners are produced by several Chaetomium spp. These quinonoid metabolites have been shown to inhibit the growth and metabolism of a range of bacterial genera. The antibiotic activity of the quinones depends on the substituents at the 3 and 6 positions of the 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone ring; in aerobic systems the activity appears to be inversely proportional to the polarity of the metabolite. It has been shown that reduction of the quinone to the hydroquinone changes the antibiotic activity of these metabolites but does not abolish it. Contrary to previous reports, the activity of these hydroquinones is not reversed by cysteine. PMID- 6541964 TI - Misdiagnosed syphilitic iridocyclitis. PMID- 6541965 TI - Plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Three patients were recently treated for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). One presented with toxic shock syndrome; TTP developed but promptly responded to a regimen of antiplatelet agents, steroids and plasma exchange. In another the manifestations of TTP developed after presentation with hypertension and abdominal pain. This patient responded to a similar regimen but required extended treatment before remission could be maintained with medications alone. In the third patient the full TTP syndrome appeared after several days of plasma exchange treatment for hemolyticuremic syndrome. He did not respond. It is suggested that TTP may present in many forms initially, that microangiopathic hemolysis may be a late manifestation and that the optimal therapy is not known. PMID- 6541967 TI - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon profiles of pyrolysed tobacco products commonly used in India. AB - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) profile of bidi (an indigenous substitute for cigarettes in India), masheri (a charred tobacco product used for cleaning teeth) and Indian snuff was determined. The effect of the extracts of these tobacco products on the liver microsomal mixed function oxygenase system was studied. Cytochrome P-450 and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) hydroxylase levels were significantly increased. PMID- 6541966 TI - Treatment of primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver with surgery and chemotherapy. AB - Primary undifferentiated sarcoma of the liver is a rare tumor with survival reliant on total excision of the tumor. The authors report such a tumor, initially nonresectable, in a 7-year-old girl whose tumor was successfully excised following treatment with cisplatin and Adriamycin (doxorubicin). The light and electron microscopic details of this patient's tumor are presented. PMID- 6541968 TI - Interaction of ionizing irradiation with steroid receptors in human breast cancer cells. AB - Human mammary tumor cells in continuous culture (MCF-7 cells) are hormone- and radiosensitive. The interaction of both factors is analyzed. Ionizing irradiation lowers the concentration of both the estradiol and progesterone receptors per cell. The reduction is dose dependent. However, the effects on the cytoplasmic and nuclear forms of the receptors are not similar. For the estradiol receptor, an accumulation in the nuclear fraction is observed 48 hr after irradiation when no appreciable amounts of estrogens are present. After administration of 10(-8) M estradiol, the cytoplasmic clearance is comparable to the unirradiated controls. However, nuclear accumulation is impaired. The processing of the nuclear estrogen receptor remains identical. Nuclear progesterone receptor is not significantly increased due to irradiation in the absence of progestins. Cytoplasmic decrease after incubation with progestins is unaffected. Again, nuclear accumulation is impaired in contrast to the unchanged processing of the nuclear form of the progesterone receptor. A decrease in "nuclear acceptor sites" for both receptors after irradiation may be an explanation for these observations. No significant effects of ionizing irradiation are observed in the initial steps of steroid hormone action. PMID- 6541970 TI - "Two-route chemotherapy" using high-dose ip cisplatin and iv sodium thiosulfate, its antidote, for peritoneally disseminated cancer in mice. AB - We studied the effects of "two-route chemotherapy (TRC)" using cisplatin given ip and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate (STS), given iv on mice bearing peritoneally disseminated cancer. Initially, a pharmacokinetic analysis of cisplatin given ip and STS given iv or sc was made. The plasma concentrations of non-protein-bound and total platinum increased rapidly to a maximum at 10 mins after ip administration of cisplatin alone. When STS alone was given sc, the peak level in the plasma was much lower than that given iv. The superiority of the iv route for STS administration was observed in the lethal toxicity tests. The iv administration of STS to mice 1 min after cisplatin given ip was the best protocol to protect against the lethal toxicity of cisplatin. The protective conditions were applied to TRC in which STS was given iv 1 min after ip cisplatin to mice bearing peritoneally disseminated cancer. Significantly superior antitumor effects were observed in mice given TRC by evaluating survival time as compared with mice given a single treatment with cisplatin at an equitoxic level. The nephrotoxic and hematotoxic effects were slight in TRC. PMID- 6541969 TI - Efficacy trial of pipobroman in essential thrombocythemia: a study of 24 patients. AB - Pipobroman (PB) was tested in a prospective efficacy trial in 24 previously untreated patients with essential thrombocythemia and followed up for a median of 47 months (range, 12-120). Plateletpheresis was not done. Hematologic complete response (platelet count less than 450 X 10(9)/L for 3 consecutive months) was achieved in 92% of the cases, in a median time of 12 weeks (range, 2-22). However, continuous low-dose maintenance therapy with PB was necessary to avoid recurrences of the disease. Major thrombocythemia-related complications were observed in 20% of the cases; the 5-year overall and complication-free survival rates were 92% and 75%, respectively. No acute or chronic toxicity was observed; no drug-induced amenorrhea and subsequent acute leukemia occurred. PB does appear to be efficacious in essential thrombocythemia; however, the evaluation of its leukemogenic risk will await further experience. PMID- 6541971 TI - Ineffectiveness of scalp hypothermia in the prevention of alopecia in patients treated with doxorubicin and cisplatin combinations. AB - Eleven patients were studied to determine the effectiveness of scalp hypothermia in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced hair loss. Scalp hypothermia was induced by the Kold Kap. The cytotoxic regimen used consisted of either cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide or cisplatin, doxorubicin, and methotrexate given at monthly intervals. All 11 patients required a wig by the end of the fifth course of chemotherapy because of severe hair loss. Ten of the 11 patients (91%) had severe hair loss by the end of the second course of chemotherapy. These results suggest that scalp hypothermia as used in this study is ineffective in preventing chemotherapy-induced alopecia in patients treated with cisplatin and doxorubicin drug combinations in doses commonly used for treatment of gynecologic malignancies. PMID- 6541972 TI - Doxorubicin and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced mixed mesodermal uterine sarcoma. PMID- 6541973 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, carmustine, dacarbazine, and tamoxifen in metastatic melanoma. PMID- 6541974 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E1 on fractional distribution of cardiac output and organ blood flow in man: a simultaneous and non-invasive determination using double dose thallium-201 scintigraphy. AB - Taking advantage of the fact that the distribution of Thallium-201 in an organ almost parallels the blood flow to the organ, we devised a non-invasive method of simultaneously determining blood flow and its distribution in human organs. With this method, we investigated the effect of exogenous prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the central and peripheral circulation. Scintigraphy was performed after two injections of 201Tl chloride, one at rest and one after the administration of PGE1 or saline. In eight subjects given PGE1 (0.2 microgram X kg-1 X min-1, iv), blood pressure fell, whereas both heart rate and cardiac output rose. The fractional distribution was increased in the heart (+13.3 +/- 2.98%, mean +/- SD), but decreased in the liver (-10.2 +/- 1.95%) and gastro-intestinal tract ( 7.09 +/- 2.65%). No significant change was observed in the kidneys or leg. The blood flow in all these organs was increased. In the six control subjects given saline, there was no change in these central and peripheral haemodynamics. Thus, the intravenous infusion of PGE1 in man causes uneven blood flow distribution in heart, liver, kidney, gastro-intestinal organs and leg muscles, despite increased blood flow to all these organs. The method used in this study is relatively non invasive and useful in evaluating organ blood flow in man, and seems to be widely applicable to physiological and pharmacologic research. PMID- 6541975 TI - [Our initial experience with the preparation Platidiam in chorioepithelioma]. PMID- 6541976 TI - [Preventive use of argon lasers in patients with risk of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6541977 TI - [The premature child as a student at risk]. PMID- 6541978 TI - Morphologic determinants of hemodynamic state after ventricular septal myotomy myectomy in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: M mode and two dimensional echocardiographic assessment. AB - To define the morphologic features of the left ventricle after ventricular septal myotomy-myectomy and to elucidate the structural changes associated with a postoperative reduction in the pressure gradient, 28 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were studied with M mode and qualitative and quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography. Nine patients with a marked reduction in the pressure gradient (no or small, less than or equal to 25 mm Hg, residual basal gradient) demonstrated a marked reduction in septal thickness after surgery (23 +/- 6 to 13 +/- 4 mm; p less than .01), a concomitant increase in septal to mitral valve distance (20 +/- 2 to 30 +/- 5 mm; p less than .005), and a loss or substantial decrease in the magnitude of systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Two-dimensional echocardiographic results demonstrated an increase of over 100% in the cross-sectional area of the left ventricular outflow tract at onset of systole (2.2 +/- 0.6 to 5.5 +/- 3 cm2; p less than .01). In six of the patients postoperative paradoxic septal motion appeared to contribute importantly to the increased size of the outflow tract during ventricular systole. In contrast, nine patients with little or no change in the pressure gradient (residual basal gradient greater than or equal to 40 mm Hg) demonstrated a less marked decrease in septal thickness and no significant change in septal to mitral valve distance or magnitude of mitral systolic anterior motion. Furthermore, the postoperative left ventricular outflow tract area was significantly smaller in patients with residual basal gradients (3.0 +/- 1 cm2) than that in patients with no residual gradient (5.5 +/- 3 cm2; p less than .05). Ten patients with only provocable subaortic gradients after operation showed postoperative left ventricular outflow tract dimensions intermediate between those in patients with either residual basal gradient or no residual gradient. On the basis of this echocardiographic assessment of septal myotomy-myectomy, we conclude that abolition or reduction of the subaortic gradient after operation in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is largely the consequence of surgical enlargement of the left ventricular outflow tract area. PMID- 6541979 TI - Computerized comparison of two autoradiographs. AB - Our laboratory previously reported (Anal Chem 55: 2345-2348, 1983) the development of a digitizer and FORTRAN program for display and quantification of digitized autoradiographic images. We have since added several capabilities to the program. Coarse "rubber sheeting" (i.e., transforming coordinates to superimpose images) of the image by a quadratic transformation of pixel coordinates is developed from interactive identification of a few matching spots. The program determines thresholds to display a given proportion of the total protein in the image, or a given number of proteins, and it creates a protein list containing the spatial coordinates of each protein with a peak value above this threshold, together with the amount of the protein as measured by the ratio of its integrated intensity above its half-maximum to the total integrated intensity of the image. The lists can be stored on a disk and are used as the primary data for fine adjustments to superimpose images, quantitative comparison of images, and abstract display of proteins. Methods are discussed for presenting comparisons between gels in cases where spots for many proteins change in intensity. PMID- 6541980 TI - Further evidence for a significant effect of fetal genes on variation in birth weight. AB - The contribution of fetal and maternal genes to the variation in birth weight was estimated in a sample of 5,625 grandchildren of monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Fetal and maternal genetic effects were separated by comparing the covariance structure for offspring of daughters of twins with that for offspring of sons of twins. Only insignificant amounts (3.0%) of the total variance in birth weight could be accounted for by maternal genes, while fetal genes seemed to account for the major part (69.4%) of the variation. Environmental factors common to sibs could explain 8.6% and random environmental factors 19.0% of the total variance. The findings are consistent with the results of an earlier study of birth weight in the same population but differ from findings in other populations. PMID- 6541981 TI - Endocrine and genetic characterization of cousins with male pseudohermaphroditism: evidence that the Lubs phenotype can result from a mutation that alters the structure of the androgen receptor. AB - Impaired virilization of genetic males with testes (male pseudohermaphroditism) can result either from deficiency in androgen production or defects in androgen action, the latter most commonly involving an abnormal androgen receptor. We report here two maternal cousins with male pseudohermaphroditism and clinical features characteristic of the Lubs phenotype, namely apparent females with sufficient fusion of the labioscrotal folds so that a single urogenital sinus orifice is present. Testosterone levels in these genetic males rose appropriately after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. The amount (maximal binding capacity of 24 to 30 fmol/mg protein) and hormone binding affinity (half-maximal saturation of 0.2 nM) of the androgen receptor in cultured skin fibroblasts was normal, but the receptor was qualitatively abnormal as evidenced by instability on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The pattern of inheritance in this family is compatible with X-linkage. These findings, together with previous studies, indicate that the spectrum of abnormalities that result from defects of the androgen receptor in genetic men can encompass the entire spectrum between male and female phenotypes. PMID- 6541982 TI - Early clinical signs in Coffin-Lowry syndrome. AB - Two unrelated patients with Coffin-Lowry syndrome are described. The main characteristics of a typical face, thick hands with tapering fingers and a transverse hypothenar crease, general hypotonia with extensible joints made diagnosis possible before the age of 6 months. A persistent large anterior fontanel beyond the age of two years may be another associated finding. Retarded bone age, coarsity of the face and skeletal malformations considered characteristic in adult patients were not present. Early recognition of Coffin Lowry syndrome is important for genetic counseling and prevention of severe skeletal malformations. PMID- 6541983 TI - Measuring the genetic contribution of a single locus to a multilocus disease. AB - An increasing number of diseases are being demonstrated to be due to determinants at more than one genetic locus. It thus becomes of interest to determine the genetic contribution of a specific single locus. A method of estimating a "coefficient of genetic contribution" is described herein, based on a comparison of monozygotic twin concordance data for a specific disease, the empirical sibling recurrence risks, and the sharing of identical by descent genes at the specific locus of interest by pairs of siblings who are both affected. The value of the method is that it requires relatively few assumptions, and does not require knowledge of the mode of inheritance of disease susceptibility at the gene locus of interest. If there are major environmental determinants, this method will give a lower bound for the single locus of interest. To illustrate the method, it is applied to two specific diseases, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE), and a specific locus, the HLA gene complex. The best estimates would appear to be that the HLA "genes" provide a coefficient of 60% for IDDM susceptibilty, but only 30% for GSE. A possible reason for these differences is the markedly increased disease susceptibility of the DR3/DR4 heterozygote for IDDM. PMID- 6541984 TI - Epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. A twin study. AB - A study in healthy adult male twin pairs (17 MZ, 15 DZ) was devised to examine the genetic influence on epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. Intraclass correlations of for MZ, 0.43 for DZ, and 0.61 for repetitive experiments in the same subjects point to the influence of genetic factors. The antagonizing effect of phentolamine on platelet aggregation did not prove to be under genetic control. There was no significant correlation between epinephrine concentrations which induce half-maximal aggregation and number of alpha-adrenergic receptors as measured by 3H-yohimbine binding. In one MZ twin pair concordantly, and also in two unrelated persons, epinephrine was unable to induce complete platelet aggregation. This phenomenon is not related to the number of alpha-adrenergic binding sites on platelets. PMID- 6541985 TI - Immunological responses to complex salts of platinum. II. Enhanced IgE antibody responses to ovalbumin with concurrent administration of platinum salts in the rat. AB - The effect of platinum group metal salts on IgE antibody synthesis in an animal model was studied with respect to the magnitude and kinetics of the response. In outbred Hooded Lister Rats immunized with 10 micrograms ovalbumin with B. pertussis as adjuvant and boosted with 1 microgram in saline an enhanced secondary response to ovalbumin was obtained when certain halide platinum salts were given concurrently with primary immunization. This phenomenon was limited to ammonium tetrachloroplatinate II, ammonium hexachloroplatinate IV and to a lesser extent the cesium trichloronitroplatinate II. Platinum group metal salts not possessing this characteristic were cis-dichlorodiammine plantinum II, tetra ammineplatinum II chloride, ammonium aquopentachlororhodate III and ammonium tetrachloropalladate II. Kinetic studies show that the time courses of the primary and secondary responses were not altered in the presence of the platinum salts. In rats immunized with ovalbumin without adjuvant there was no detectable antibody and concurrent administration of platinum salts also had no effects. Thus platinum salts whilst acting synergistically with adjuvant to enhance antibody synthesis do not act as adjuvants in their own right. PMID- 6541986 TI - Asymmetric septal hypertrophy in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. AB - Kearns-Sayre syndrome was diagnosed in a 40-year-old female patient admitted for evaluation of symptomatic bradycardia. In addition to the classic triad--external ophthalmoplegia, pigmentary retinopathy, and heart block--she also had secondary amenorrhea, hearing loss, diabetes, and increased concentrations of blood lactate and pyruvate as manifestations of this multisystem disease. The echocardiographic examination disclosed asymmetric septal hypertrophy with a septal diastolic thickness of 17 mm and a septum to free wall ratio of 1.5. The left ventricular size and function were normal. Thus, asymmetric septal hypertrophy may represent subclinical heart muscle involvement in Kearns-Sayre syndrome. PMID- 6541987 TI - [5 cases of dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation and special reference to homovanillic acid in CSF]. PMID- 6541988 TI - [Alexia without agraphia in an ambidexterous patient due to the right occipital lobe lesion]. PMID- 6541989 TI - Human maximization testing of D&C Yellow no. 10 and Yellow no. 11. AB - By the maximization test, using 0.5% D&C Yellow no. 11 in pet., 15 of 20 human volunteers became contact sensitized. All reacted to a challenge concentration of 1000 ppm and one down to 1 ppm. The high allergenic potential of this dyestuff was confirmed. There were no cross reactions to purified samples of D&C Yellow no. 10. In contrast, 5% solutions of pure D&C Yellow no. 10 failed to sensitize human subjects. Cross reactions to this substance in persons sensitized to D&C Yellow no. 11 are due to impurities. PMID- 6541990 TI - Regulation of lipid metabolism by a lipid-carrying protein. AB - The overall conclusion to be made from the information presented here is that for many reasons SCP is a highly unusual protein. Some of these reasons are, first, SCP serves as cofactor for a number of different membrane-bound enzymes catalyzing specific steps in lipid metabolism. Second, SCP is involved in intracellular transport or movement of both cholesterol and fatty acids. Third, SCP is remarkably abundant and ubiquitous; its structure is conserved throughout nature. Fourth, SCP is exported to the blood stream from its site of synthesis by some, perhaps unique, mechanism and then rapidly taken up by specific tissues, e.g., the adrenal. Fifth, SCP is free in the cytosol and can also move to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is tightly bound. Sixth, SCP undergoes a dramatic diurnal variation in amount, reflecting changes in synthetic rate. Its half-life is less than an hour. Seventh, the diurnal variation in amount is triggered by feeding and influenced by several hormones. The diurnal variation is lost but a high level of SCP is maintained in the face of debilitating conditions, i.e., starvation, diabetes. Eighth, malignant cells exhibit defects in the uptake, synthesis, or turnover of SCP. Ninth, the synthesis of SCP is regulated by the efficiency of translation of its ever abundant mRNA. Tenth, there is much more to be learned about the functions and regulation of SCP. PMID- 6541991 TI - Dilated cardiomyopathy in identical twins. AB - Identical twins had dilated cardiomyopathy and evidence of an autoimmune process involving both the heart and thyroid gland. An inherited abnormality of immune regulation is suggested as a possible basis for these unusual findings. PMID- 6541993 TI - [Resection of the septum im hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Long-term results in 33 patients]. AB - Interventricular septal resection (after Morrow) was performed in 33 patients (24 males, 9 females; average age 48 [13-72] years) with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). Indications for operation were high resting pressure gradient, severe symptoms despite chronic and high-dosage drug treatment. One patient died on the ninth postoperative day, all others survived. Repeat cardiac catheterization was performed on 20 patients, 1-16 months postoperatively. There was a significant decrease in resting pressure gradient (mean 67 +/- 29 to 7 +/- 10 mm Hg, P less than 0.05). After an average of 30 (range 1-76) months, 25 patients were re-examined: 18 had definite improvement in their symptoms, five partial improvement and only two reported no change. At an operation risk of 3% the procedure is the treatment of choice in patients with symptoms. PMID- 6541992 TI - Transformation of the Hprt gene with DNA from spermatogenic cells. Implications for the evolution of X chromosome inactivation. AB - DNA-mediated transformation of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT)-deficient cells was used to assess the state of the chromosome Hprt gene in spermatogenic cells. It had been shown previously that DNA from the inactive X chromosome of somatic cells functions poorly or not at all in HPRT transformation, indicating that DNA modification is involved in somatic cell X chromosome inactivation (XCI). In contrast, DNA from mature sperm does function in HPRT transformation suggesting that DNA modification may not be the basis of XCI in mature sperm. In this paper, transformation of HPRT- mouse and hamster cells has been performed to test the nature of XCI during earlier stages of spermatogenesis. DNA from these developing murine germ cells was shown to be capable of HPRT transformation, extending the observation that XCI in sperm does not appear to involve a DNA modification. We also show here that DNA from mature sperm of marsupials functions in HPRT transformation, a result consistent with a role for sperm XCI in the evolution of somatic X inactivation. PMID- 6541994 TI - Adenohypophysial dopamine content during physiological changes in prolactin secretion. AB - Studies were undertaken to characterize the relationship between anterior pituitary dopamine (DA) content and changes in PRL secretion that occur during physiological states in which changes in tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity have been previously characterized. The results of these studies are summarized as follows. Serum PRL concentrations and the anterior pituitary DA content were not different between male and diestrous female rats, an unexpected result considering that tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity in female rats is 2- to 3-fold greater than that in male rats. The surge of PRL secretion during the afternoon of proestrus was accompanied by a significant decrease in the anterior pituitary content of DA. Increases in PRL secretion that occur early in pregnancy and during suckling were accompanied by a decrease in tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity and a decrease in the DA content in the anterior pituitary. Restraint stress increased PRL secretion and reduced the anterior pituitary DA content in both male and female rats, although only female rats respond to immobilization with a decrease in tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity. In both male and female aged rats, there were increases in serum PRL concentrations and the anterior pituitary DA content, despite the fact that tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity is reduced in the aged rat. Dehydration induced by water deprivation was associated with a small increase in serum PRL concentrations and a large increase in anterior pituitary DA content; similar water deprivation regimens have induced no change in indices of tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity. These results demonstrate that there is not a simple relationship among physiologically induced changes in PRL secretion, anterior pituitary DA content, and tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity. The results also indicate that the content of DA in the anterior pituitary cannot be used as a reliable index of tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity. PMID- 6541995 TI - Progesterone modulation of the luteinizing hormone surge: regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary progestin receptors. AB - We have investigated the possible role of hypothalamic and pituitary progestin receptors (PR) in modulation of the estradiol-induced LH surge by progesterone in the immature rat. Rats (28 days old) that received Silastic implants containing estradiol in oil at 0900 h had LH surges approximately 32 h later. Progesterone implants were inserted concurrently with estradiol capsules or 24 h later, leading to inhibition or facilitation of the LH surge, respectively. Cytoplasmic and nuclear PR were measured by in vitro exchange assays, using near-saturating concentrations of [3H]R5020 (3H-labeled promegestone; 17,21-dimethyl-19-nor-4,9 pregnadiene-3,20-dione), 1, 8, 24, and 32 h after insertion of progesterone or blank implants. Kd values of complexes between [3H]R5020 and PR were 0.5-1 nM (cytoplasmic), and 2-3 nM (nuclear). The sedimentation rates of these complexes in sucrose gradients were 7-8S (cytoplasmic) and 3-4S (nuclear). In rats treated concurrently with estradiol and progesterone for 1 or 8 h, cytoplasmic PR were depleted to 40-60%, and this was accompanied by slight increases in nuclear PR. In control rats treated with estradiol and blank implants, there was no induction of either cytoplasmic or nuclear PR in the hypothalamus-preoptic area for up to 48 h; however, in the pituitary and uterus of these animals, PR increased significantly in both compartments (2- to 3-fold at 24 h, 3- to 5-fold at 32 h, and 4- to 7-fold at 48 h). Administration of progesterone either to inhibit or facilitate LH surges almost completely blocked the inductive effect of estradiol on cytoplasmic PR, but the absence of PR from the cytosol could not be accounted for by their presence in the nucleus. In the hypothalamus-preoptic area of estradiol-treated control rats, neither cytoplasmic nor nuclear PR increased significantly for up to 48 h. The low levels of specific [3H]R5020 binding in pituitary and uterine cytosols from progesterone-treated rats appeared to be due mainly to a decrease in the number of binding sites, rather than to an effect on binding affinities. The 7-8S peak of cytoplasmic PR was considerably reduced in rats treated for 48 h with estradiol and 24 h with progesterone. These results are consistent with the notion that hypothalamic and pituitary PR are involved in modulation of the LH surge by progesterone and point primarily to a pituitary site of action for progesterone facilitation. PMID- 6541996 TI - Cyclic changes in rat uterine proliferation during the estrous cycle are preceded by changes in protein kinase activity. AB - A protein kinase activity was defined in cytosols and membranes of rat uterus by using two types of enzyme inhibitors. The heat stable protein kinase inhibitor inhibited the cAMP-stimulated protein kinase but not the basal activity measured in the absence of the cyclic nucleotide. However, this basal activity was inhibited by quercetin in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the cAMP-stimulated protein kinase was not inhibited by this bioflavonoid. Thus, quercetin can be used as a tool to define a specific fraction of cAMP-independent protein kinase activity in rat uterine cytosols and membranes. The mature rat uterus is characterized by short (4 days) cyclic changes in tissue growth. Cell proliferation expressed as total uterine DNA content is observed on proestrus, reaches its peak at estrus, and declines sharply during metestrus and diestrus. The quercetin-inhibited protein kinase activity in the membranes of this tissue also changes cyclically and precedes by one phase the cyclic change in tissue proliferation. The clearest effect was seen when the protein substrates for this protein kinase activity were endogenous membrane proteins partially solubilized by Triton X-100 treatment. In contrast no change was observed in cytosolic, quercetin-inhibited protein kinase activity. The cAMP-stimulated protein kinase activity decreased slightly on diestrus. These results support our working hypothesis that tissue proliferation in the uterus and other tissues such as rat mammary gland and mammary tumors, correlates with cAMP-independent, quercetin inhibited, protein kinase activity in these tissues. PMID- 6541997 TI - Non-suppressibility by room light of pineal N-acetyltransferase activity and melatonin levels in two diurnally active rodents, the Mexican ground squirrel (Spermophilus mexicanus) and the eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus). AB - The rhythms in pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin levels were studied in the diurnally active Mexican ground squirrel and Eastern chipmunk. In the ground squirrel, both NAT activity and melatonin levels exhibited a marked nocturnal rise; these increases were not prevented by the exposure of these animals to a light irradiance of 200 microW/cm2 throughout the night. In the Eastern chipmunk, darkness at night was also associated with a marked rise in both the activity of the acetylating enzyme as well as the levels of melatonin. Again, these rhythms were not suppressed by the exposure of these animals to a light irradiance of 200 microW/cm2 for either 1 night or for 7 nights; exposure of chipmunks to light for 7 consecutive days did, however, reduce the rise in melatonin normally associated with darkness. The non suppressibility of pineal NAT and melatonin by a 200 microW/cm2 light irradiance may relate either to the activity pattern of these animals, i.e., diurnal, or to their previous lighting history. PMID- 6541998 TI - Effects of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether on various parameters of testicular function in the F344 rat. AB - These studies were designed to define the target cell for ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) action in the rodent testis, and to compare fluid production and protein secretory patterns in the testes of treated and control animals. Adult F344 rats were treated with 150 mg/kg/day, 5 day/week, and sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 7 or 10 days after the first dose. In the testes of treated animals, the most sensitive cells were the premeiotic and meiotic spermatocytes. As length of treatment continued, the younger transitional spermatocytes, and more pachytene spermatocytes, were affected. Early and late stage spermatids did not appear affected, nor was the visual appearance of spermatogonia changed by exposure to EGME. Fluid production, androgen-binding protein secretion and electrophoreograms of proteins found in the ligated rete testis were also unchanged by EGME, showing that these indices of Sertoli cell function were not affected by EGME. The histologic and biochemical data suggest that both early and late spermatocytes are targets for EGME in the testis, and that the Sertoli cells are relatively unaffected. PMID- 6541999 TI - Genotoxicity of glycol ethers. AB - The genetic toxicology of glycol ethers is reviewed. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and diglyme have been more extensively studied than other members of this series. Most results indicate a lack of genotoxic potential, but certain tests have yielded positive responses with certain compounds. Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGEE) induced sister chromatid exchanges and chromosomal aberrations in cultured cells. Both EGME and diglyme induced mouse sperm head morphological changes, male rat weak dominant lethal mutations and marked, but reversible, loss of male rat fertility. PMID- 6542001 TI - Isolation of Mobiluncus in four cases of extragenital infections in adult women. AB - In four adult women with various clinical conditions, curved anaerobic bacilli, similar to organisms recently assigned to the new genus Mobiluncus, were isolated from extragenital sources. None of the patients presented symptoms or clinical abnormalities related to the genital tract. The clinical data of these cases are reported and the microbiological findings are briefly described. PMID- 6542000 TI - Purified astrocytes promote the in vitro division of a bipotential glial progenitor cell. AB - Optic nerves of neonatal rats contain a bipotential glial progenitor cell which can be induced by tissue culture conditions to differentiate into either an oligodendrocyte (the myelin-forming cell of the CNS) or a type 2 astrocyte (an astrocyte population found only in the myelinated tracts of the CNS). In our previous studies most oligodendrocyte-type 2 astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cells differentiated within 3 days in vitro with relatively little division of the progenitors or their differentiated progeny. We have now found that the O-2A progenitors are stimulated to divide in culture by purified populations of type 1 astrocytes, another glial cell-type found in the rat optic nerve. This cell-cell interaction appears to be mediated by a soluble factor(s) and results in the production of large numbers of both progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes. As type 1 astrocytes are the major glial cell-type in the optic nerve when oligodendrocytes first begin to be produced in large numbers in vivo, our results suggest that this astrocyte subpopulation may play an important role in expanding the oligodendrocyte population during normal development. PMID- 6542002 TI - Synthesis of wheat leaf nitrite reductase de novo following induction with nitrate and light. AB - Nitrite reductase has been purified almost 3000-fold, in 35% yield, to a specific activity of 77 units (mg protein)-1 from wheat leaves using a multi-step procedure with affinity chromatography on ferredoxin-Sepharose as the final step. The purified enzyme, although not homogeneous, exhibited absorption maxima at 278, 390, 568 and 687 nm. Minor contaminants were removed by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate to yield a single polypeptide of Mr 60 500 as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibodies raised against this polypeptide were shown to cross-react with native nitrite reductase and were used to study the synthesis of nitrite reductase in vivo and in vitro. The increase in nitrite reductase activity following exposure of dark-grown plants to nitrate and light was shown by immunodecoration of Western blots to be due to synthesis de novo. Poly(A)-rich RNA isolated from plants actively synthesising nitrite reductase was shown to direct the synthesis in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate of a polypeptide of Mr 64000 which was immunoprecipitated by antibodies to nitrite reductase. PMID- 6542003 TI - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia. AB - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was originally reported from Japan as one of the subsets of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without gradient, usually associated with deep T-wave inversion and a spade-like appearance of the left ventricle. Although many reports from Japan have indicated that these patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are mostly asymptomatic and have relatively good prognosis, data on serious ventricular arrhythmias are not yet available. Present documentation of ventricular tachycardia in a patient with this disease suggests that at least some of such patients are also at risk of sudden death and that a systematic study for life-threatening arrhythmia by ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring may be necessary in these cases. PMID- 6542004 TI - Serum progesterone concentration during the luteal phase in women with benign breast disease. AB - Earlier studies of the serum concentration of progesterone during the luteal phase in women with benign breast disease have produced conflicting results. Serum progesterone profiles were therefore measured in relation to cyclical breast pain and in biopsied benign disease. No evidence of progesterone deficiency was found. PMID- 6542005 TI - Serum oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin concentrations during the luteal phase in women with benign breast disease. AB - Serum profiles of both oestradiol and prolactin were measured during the luteal phase in normal women, in women with cyclical breast pain and in women with recently biopsied benign breast disease. The results suggest that, in women with benign breast disease, the concentration of both hormones may be increased, when compared to the normal controls, during the evening in the latter part of the luteal phase. PMID- 6542006 TI - An EORTC phase II study of mitoxantrone in solid tumors and lymphomas. AB - Mitoxantrone is an anthracenedione, showing structural similarities to doxorubicin. This drug has been proved active against several tumor systems, including some tumors resistant to doxorubicin, and also against human breast xenografts. It is also less cardiotoxic than doxorubicin. Mitoxantrone has been given to 335 patients in an i.v. perfusion of 12 mg/m2 or 14 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Two hundred and sixty-three patients with advanced disease were evaluable for response: breast (94 patients), head and neck (40), kidney (20), bronchial (19), lymphomas (13) and various sites (77). Most of the patients had been previously treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, including/not including doxorubicin. In breast cancer three complete remissions (CR) and 16 partial remissions (PR) have been achieved (20%). The therapeutic activity was higher in patients who had not received any prior chemotherapy: 35 vs 15% (P = 0.06). The response rate observed at 14 mg/m2 (32%) was superior to the response rate observed at 12 mg/m2 (15%). However, no response has been reported in lung metastases (0/22). The median duration of response is 8 months. Mitoxantrone shows borderline activity in head and neck tumors (one CR and two PR out of 40 patients) but no activity in squamous cells of the lung (0/19). One CR and three PR have been seen out of 13 malignant lymphomas (four Hodgkin's disease and nine non-Hodgkin's lymphomas). The duration of response ranges from 10 to 24+ months. Myelosuppression was moderate and no severe leukopenia has been reported. Nausea and vomiting were seen in 50% of the patients. Four patients presented cardiac events associated with mitoxantrone, such as reversible congestive heart failure or a significant decrease in the ventricular ejection fraction. Alopecia was observed in 17 and 48% of the patients treated with 12 and 14 mg/m2 respectively. Due to its anti tumoral activity, mainly in breast cancer, and its low hematological and cardiac toxicity, mitoxantrone must be considered as a major antimitotic. PMID- 6542007 TI - Tumour regression after extracorporeal affinity chromatography of blood plasma across agarose beads containing staphylococcal protein A. AB - The therapeutic effect of absorbing plasma from tumour patients with immobilized staphylococcal protein A was tested. Plasma prepared by centrifugation was passed over protein A-Sepharose and then reinfused into the patient. Five patients were thus treated. One with malignant melanoma and one with renal adenocarcinoma showed measurable regression of metastatic lesions. In another with malignant melanoma a subcutaneous metastasis showed histopathological changes compatible with a therapeutic effect. In two patients, one with malignant melanoma and one with renal adenocarcinoma, no signs of regression were found. No severe adverse effects of the treatment were observed. PMID- 6542008 TI - Prognostic significance of lymphography in stage IIIs Hodgkin's disease (HD). AB - Ninety-six patients with pathological stage IIIs Hodgkin's disease, uniformly treated with six cycles of MOPP and TNI, were retrospectively analysed in an effort to determine whether the lymphographic aspect of lymph nodes influence the prognosis. Case material was grouped according to the presence of lymph nodes less than 3 cm in diameter or larger at lymphography. Five-year survival and disease-free survival were 85 and 78% for patients with small lymph node involvement, compared to 48 and 30% for patients with larger lymph nodes. The comparative analysis between the lymphographic aspect and other prognostic factors shows that large lymphographic involvement is strongly correlated with the presence of large spleen involvement (P less than 0.0000029), followed by stage III2 (P less than 0.000612), followed by greater than or equal to 5 involved sites (P less than 0.012), followed by age greater than 40 yr (P less than 0.047). Conversely, no significant correlation was found with symptoms, histology and mediastinal involvement. Modifications of current treatment for both large and small lymph node involvement are discussed. PMID- 6542009 TI - Adenomatous polyps and familial incidence of colorectal cancer. AB - The frequency of colonic adenomatous polyps and the incidence of colorectal cancer in close relatives were evaluated in a prospective study performed in 100 consecutive patients operated on for colorectal cancer. One hundred patients matched for age and sex, in whom double contrast enema and colonoscopy failed to show cancer, served as control group. Colorectal carcinomas in first-degree relatives were found in 11% of the surgically treated patients and 6% of the control group (the difference is not statistically significant). Solitary or discrete adenomas in patients operated on for colorectal carcinomas were significantly more frequent (32%) than in the control group (18%) (P less than 0.05). This difference is also statistically significant when considering only those patients without relatives suffering from carcinoma; however, the same cannot be statistically proven with the small group of patients with a positive family history. Present findings do not indicate that single or discrete adenomas synchronous with colorectal cancer are significantly associated with a familial history of large bowel malignancy. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis of environmental factors being involved in adenoma pathogenesis. PMID- 6542010 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of vindesine: repeated treatments by intravenous bolus injections. AB - Vindesine was administered intravenously to 12 patients with advanced cancer. Treatment was repeated after 2 weeks or more with a 1.5-to 2-fold increased dose of vindesine. Five patients received one or two additional injections at the higher dose level. One patient was given 0.4, 1 and 4 mg of vindesine on days 1, 3 and 6 and then 8 mg on days 19 and 34. Plasma samples and urine were collected over 3 days after injection and monitored for vindesine by radioimmunoassay. Significant time-dependence of vindesine plasma concentration decay kinetics at a constant dose was observed in four patients out of six. The comparison of the kinetics after administration of different doses to the same patient revealed frequent deviations from linearity with no obvious general trend. Urinary excretion was very low (1-12% of the dose), and urinary excretion rates correlated with plasma concentrations. Renal clearances were variable from one patient to another and also for the same patient from one injection to another. These data were interpreted in terms of time- and dose-dependence of vindesine pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6542011 TI - Tamoxifen stimulation of human breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro: a possible model for tamoxifen tumour flare. AB - When T-47D human breast cancer cells were grown in medium supplemented with foetal calf serum (FCS) which had been depleted of endogenous oestradiol (E2) by dextran-charcoal treatment (CS-FCS) tamoxifen and E2 had biphasic effects on cellular proliferation. At lower concentrations E2 and, to a lesser extent, tamoxifen stimulated cell proliferation, with maximal effect at 10(-9) M, and with corresponding increases in the % S phase cells; this was not seen with medium containing untreated FCS. At higher doses tamoxifen (1-1.5 X 10(-5) M) and E2 (1.5 X 10(-5) M) in the presence of CS-FCS inhibited cell proliferation. These observations may explain features of the clinical phenomenon of tamoxifen-induced tumour flare: tamoxifen may temporarily exert a weak oestrogen agonist activity on the tumour as its concentration gradually increases after initiation of treatment; further, patients with tamoxifen-induced tumour flare often experience a remission with continued administration of the drug, presumably as the intratumour concentration of tamoxifen continues to accumulate to an inhibitory level. PMID- 6542012 TI - Separation of several 5-fluorouracil metabolites in various melanoma cell lines. Evidence for the synthesis of 5-fluorouracil-nucleotide sugars. AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) metabolism was studied in intact cancer cells kept in suspension by incubation with tritiated 5FU. Metabolites were analyzed using various chromatographic procedures, including a one-directional separation on PEI cellulose sheets, which separated 5FU from the mono-, di- and triphosphate forms and from nucleotide sugars. The monophosphate ester was present as FdUMP, as could be demonstrated with another chromatographic procedure. In the human melanoma cell lines IGR3 and M5 the main metabolite of 5FU was 5-fluorouridine, while in the murine B16 melanoma only a small amount of 5-fluorouridine was formed. In B16 cells more 5FU label was present as the triphosphate ester while in M5 cells more FdUMP was formed. With all three cell lines 5FU was incorporated into RNA; this incorporation was stimulated by 1 mM N-(phosphonacetyl)-L aspartate (PALA). PALA did not significantly affect the conversion of 5FU into other metabolites, nor did it affect the incorporation of 5FU into DNA. A 5FU nucleotide sugar, present as the diphosphate-glucose, was a predominant 5FU metabolite in M5 cells but not in the other cell lines. Its identity was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Its possible function is discussed. PMID- 6542013 TI - Tumor uptake of vincristine during close arterial vs systemic constant-rate infusion: experiments on sarcoma transplants in the rat kidney. AB - The uptake of vincristine (VCR) by normal tissues and by sarcomas transplanted to both kidneys in rats was studied at 10 min after constant rate infusion of 1 mg/kg body wt into one renal artery for 3, 10 and 30 min. Since the selectively infused kidney extracted only 2.5% of the total dose at the first renal passage, the present model provides a direct comparison between systemic and selective i.a. infusion of VCR in each animal. Tumor VCR uptake was 2.8 times higher and the corresponding blood VCR concentration time product about 4 times higher on the selectively infused side than on the contralateral side. Reduction of renal blood flow by clamping the selectively infused renal artery raised the local VCR blood concentration by another 10 times during 10 min infusion and further doubled the tumor uptake of VCR. Thus a 5-6 times higher VCR concentration in the tumor was achieved as compared to that obtainable by systemic administration of the same total dose. The results are compatible with a saturable mechanism of VCR uptake by renal tissue and tumors. PMID- 6542014 TI - Age and breast cancer incidence. PMID- 6542015 TI - Studies of three canine mammary cell lines--II. In vivo properties. AB - Three cell lines, REM 134, 111 and 367, derived from canine mammary carcinomas have been used to induce tumours in athymic nude mice after subcutaneous injection. The histopathology of the tumours was compared and each was found to resemble closely the original tumour. This did not change after serial in vivo passage. Metastasis never occurred. Injection of REM 134 cells intracranially resulted in a fast-growing tumour which also did not metastasize; injection intrapleurally resulted in growths most commonly on the mediastinum with confinement to the chest cavity. Fibronectin was present in the subcutaneous tumours. Two of the cell lines were cloned in semi-solid agar. When tested, these clones induced tumours identical histologically to the uncloned ones. Finally, male and female mice were injected subcutaneously with the same number of cells from each of the three lines but the rate of tumour growth did not differ significantly between the two sexes. PMID- 6542016 TI - Influence of concomitant infusion of thymidine and inosine on methotrexate activity in normal and P388-bearing mice. AB - Combinations of thymidine and inosine (ranging from 0 to 7.5 mg/hr) were co administered during a 72-hr continuous i.v. infusion of 3 micrograms/hr methotrexate in normal and P388 solid tumor-bearing DBA/2 mice. Methotrexate alone was lethal to all normal mice. Inosine at 1.0-7.5 mg/hr could reverse toxicity up to 100% while thymidine at 0.5-7.5 mg/hr was less effective (less than or equal to 86% survival). Combinations of the nucleosides averted toxicity more effectively than either compound alone and in a synergistic manner. From P388 tumor-bearing mice 27% survived methotrexate and eventually died of tumor. Co-infusion of thymidine or inosine decreased the percentage of toxic deaths and caused an increase in life span of more than 50% as compared to untreated tumor bearing mice. However, the diminishing effect on survival with thymidine and inosine doses above 0.5 mg/hr indicated loss of the antitumor effect of methotrexate. This was also observed with combinations of the nucleosides. The influence of thymidine on the antitumor effect of methotrexate was compared in L1210- and P388-bearing mice (both in ascites) with 13 micrograms/hr methotrexate for 48 hr and 4 mg/hr thymidine for 96 hr. The increase in life span for L1210 bearing mice (8.6 days, 96%) was significantly longer than that with P388-bearing mice (6.1 days, 56%), probably due to biochemical differences between these tumors. It is concluded that co-administration of inosine and/or thymidine allows the use of methotrexate doses otherwise not tolerated, though with loss of anti tumor effect. The choice of the tumor model may greatly influence the outcome of in-vivo studies on the modulation of methotrexate action by nucleosides. PMID- 6542017 TI - Production of the effector molecule thymidine by human lung alveolar macrophages. AB - Cultured human alveolar macrophages (HAM phi) were found to produce soluble factors which inhibit tritiated thymidine [( 3H]-TdR) incorporation into tumour cells in vitro. We present evidence that thymidine (TdR) can be detected in HAM phi culture supernatants by thin-layer chromatography. Moreover, TdR secretion by HAM phi is an active process. Using [6-14C]-orotic acid as an early precursor to TdR and [3H]-TMP as the phosphorylation product, we were able to show that cultured HAM phi transformed them into labelled TdR. The very efficient thin layer chromatography of the labelled metabolites was backed up by high-pressure liquid chromatography of nucleotides. HAM phi produce TdR by de novo synthesis and dephosphorylation. This phenomenon is due to the lack of thymidine kinase in normal mature macrophages. Since TdR, in high concentrations, can inhibit DNA synthesis through the 'TdR blockade' phenomenon, it is suggested that TdR secretion by HAM phi is a mechanism of non-specific modulation of tumour cell growth but highly restricted to the immediate macrophage microenvironment in vivo. The effectiveness of the thymidine gradient may thus be quite narrow, but is worthy of interest. PMID- 6542018 TI - Effects of exogenous administration of female sex hormones on gastric secretion and ulcer formation in the rat. AB - The effects of progesterone 10 mg/kg, estrogen 5 mg/kg and a combination of both at half these doses were studied in rats. Ulcers were induced in rats by means of various experimental models: drug-induced ulcers (aspirin or indomethacin), stress ulcer and Shay rat. The female sex hormones were found to have significant antiulcer activity in almost all the models. However, they did not affect the acidity or volume of gastric secretion in Shay's pyloric ligation model. As a result their antiulcer activity could not be explained by the effects on gastric acidity but by effects on other factors which may include enhanced mucus activity, or increase in parietal cells activity and maintenance of mucus integrity. PMID- 6542019 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor selectively increases renal blood flow in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6542020 TI - [Mouse strain difference in visceral larva migrans of Toxocara canis]. AB - The mode of larval migration (visceral larva migrans) in Toxocara canis infection was compared for BALB/c, C57BL/6, C3H/He, DBA/2, NC and BALB/c nude mice following oral infection with 400 eggs. The mean recovery of larvae from the liver on day 2 post infection (PI) was not different in terms of the strain, age or sex of the mice. The number of larvae recovered from the liver decreased in all strains on days 6, 12 and 21 PI, but the mean for BALB/c and (NC X BALB/c) F1 mice was significantly higher than that for C567BL/6, NC and BALB/c nude mice, unless the total number of larvae in the carcasses on day 21 PI was the same among those strains including athymic nude mice. The mean recovery of larvae from the liver on day 6 PI increased with age in both NC and BALB/c mice, although no sex difference was observed. From these results, it is emphasized that the age and strain of animals should be properly selected for animal experimentation with T. canis infection. PMID- 6542021 TI - Anemia and potassium permeability of red blood cells in analbuminemic rats. AB - A mutant strain, Nagase analbuminemia rats (NAR), was established from Sprague Dawley rats. Hematological evaluations were made on NAR of 4 to 52 weeks of age. NAR had an abnormally low number of red blood cells (RBC), a low hematocrit, a reduced hemoglobin concentration and an increased number of reticulocytes. Their plasma electrolyte level was normal. Osmotic fragility of RBC was slightly increased in the rats. Thus NAR shows a slight anemia. The in vitro experiments on RBC were performed. The incubation of blood showed a hemolytic tendency and elevated potassium efflux in the blood of NAR. In addition, an increased efflux of potassium was found in the RBC of NAR, when the RBC was washed with phosphate buffered saline and then was incubated with the saline containing CaCl2. This potassium efflux was prevented in the presence of rat albumin. These findings suggest that the deficiency of serum albumin may increase the permeability of potassium in erythrocyte membrane in NAR. PMID- 6542022 TI - Complex glycoproteins associated with the detergent-resistant membrane matrix of the rhabdomeral microvilli of crayfish photoreceptors. AB - The lectin-binding properties of crayfish photoreceptor membrane were examined using isolated rhabdoms and frozen sections of whole retinas after permeabilization. Fluorescently-labelled concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) bind specifically to the rhabdoms, the accessory pigment cells, and the basement membrane of the retina in permeabilized frozen sections. Con A also binds to the clear zone in sectioned material. Peanut agglutinin (PA) binds strongly to domains associated with the periphery of rhabdoms. Intact isolated rhabdoms also bind Con A and WGA with high affinity. The major lectin-binding proteins of the photoreceptor membrane were characterized on nitrocellulose blots after SDS electrophoresis of purified photoreceptor membrane. Two major glycoproteins were found to bind a number of lectins. A 130 000 molecular weight peptide (GPII) specifically bound Con A, WGA, Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, (DBA) Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA) and PA, whereas the major 142 000 d protein (GPI) of the photoreceptor membrane bound only Con A and WGA implying a rather simple hexose chain consisting mainly of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. Photoreceptor membrane vesicles, extracted with a high concentration of non-ionic detergent and centrifuged, show a specific enrichment of both proteins as well as actin and a 40 000 d component. Significant amounts of both glycoproteins are removed from the membrane residue by 0.6 M KI, even under conditions known to stabilize actin based cytoskeletons. Both the stoichiometric amounts of these peptides in relation to the actin complement and their physicochemical properties are consonant with the hypothesis that one or both may be involved in linking a submembranous, actin-based cytoskeleton to the lipid bilayer. Rhodopsin, the major component of photoreceptor membrane, appears to be a glycoprotein by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining methods but fails to bind significant amounts of lectins on Western blots. These findings are discussed in the light of post translational processing and intracellular pathways for photoreceptor membrane components in the compound eye. PMID- 6542023 TI - Trichinella spiralis: genetics of worm expulsion in inbred and F1 mice infected with different worm doses. AB - The nematode Trichinella spiralis is rejected from the intestine at a time that is characteristic for each inbred strain of mouse. Previous work (R. G. Bell et al. 1982a) had empirically identified strong, intermediate, and weak phenotypes (NFR, C3H/He, and C57B1/10 mice, respectively) in mice infected with 400 muscle larvae. It is shown that this classification applies to another eight inbred strains: SWR, DBA/2, DBA/1, LP, Bub/Bn--all intermediate, and NZB/BIN, C57L, A, and Mus molossinus--all weak. This phenotypic classification consistently applies with infections of 400-800 muscle larvae. Below doses of 300 muscle larvae, the strain designation of phenotype does not consistently apply. By this it is meant that the relative rejection rate changes for certain strains so that eventually some strains that were strong (NFR) or intermediate (AKR) responders to 400 muscle larvae become weak responders to 50 muscle larvae. Other strains increase their relative rejection time (B10 . BR, B10 . Q) while many do not change (NFS, C3Heb/Fe, DBA/2, DBA/1). The phenomenon is most apparent in inbred parental strains rather than in F1 crosses, and it represents a phenotypic variation in rejection time that is dependent on dose. It is also demonstrated that time of rejection is directly proportional to dose in all inbred and F1 mouse strains that we have examined. Analysis of F1 crosses shows that most have the rejection time of the strongest responding parental line, suggesting simple genetic control of strong, intermediate, and weak responses. Two F1 crosses invalidated this theory. The DBA/1 X C3H/He (intermediate X intermediate) showed a strong response. The additive effects of parental rejection phenotype indicated that these lines could not be genetically identical for intermediate responsiveness. Similarly, the NFR (strong) X B10 . BR (weak) F1 showed intermediate rejection, indicating partial dominance of C57B1/10 genes over the strong responder NFR strain. Neither the primary expulsion time phenotype, phenotypic variation to low doses, or the rejection characteristics of F1 crosses could be ascribed to genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6542024 TI - Effect of photoperiod and all-female grouping on the estrous cycle of the bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis. AB - Female bandicoot rats showing irregular cycles in 12L:12D were exposed to light darkness cycles of 1L:23D, 4L:20D and 8L:16D. Significant regularization of the estrous cycle was observed in 8L:16D with most of the rats exhibiting a regular 3 day cycle and the regularity was further enhanced by all-female grouping (4/cage). PMID- 6542026 TI - [Mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of clonidine on the reproductive system of female rats]. AB - It has been demonstrated in experiments on puberal and infantile female rats that a single subcutaneous injection of clonidine (0.03 mg/kg) disturbed whereas in a dose of 1 mg/kg completely inhibited spontaneous or induced ovulation as well as sexual receptivity. When injected in a daily dose of 0.03 mg/kg to puberal rats for 8 days clonidine potentiated the total gonadotropic activity of the pituitaries. When injected in a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg for 10 days the drug induced the disorders of the estrous cycle during diestrus. PMID- 6542025 TI - [Antiemetic activity of dimetpramid]. AB - It has been shown that dimethpramide, a new Soviet-made antiemetic belonging to the group of substituted benzamides, effectively prevents the emetic action of L DOPA and apomorphine in dogs (the ED50 is 0.04 and 0.12 mg/kg, respectively). When given in doses of 10-25 mg/kg dimethpramide suppresses vomiting induced by adrenaline, histamine, strophanthine, sodium salicylate, and copper sulfate. The drug exerts a selective dopamine-blocking action on the receptors of the triggering zone of the vomiting center without producing any substantial action on the dopaminergic brain systems that regulate behavioral activity. PMID- 6542027 TI - [Effect of alcohol and teturam on the gonads of male rats and their progeny]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study the effect of alcohol and teturam on the function of spermatozoa and spermatogenesis of males and their progeny. The male mediated damaging action of alcohol on the gonads of the progeny was ascertained. That might be one of the causes of the maldevelopment in subsequent generations of the progeny. Teturam was demonstrated to have an insignificant gonadotropic action and not to potentiate an adverse alcohol action on the male gonads. PMID- 6542028 TI - Influence of an actin-modulating protein from smooth muscle on actin-myosin interaction. AB - The actin-modulating protein from pig stomach smooth muscle (PSAM) which reduces the average filament length has two opposite effects on the interaction of actin with skeletal muscle myosin: (1) stimulation of both the Mg2+-ATPase activity and superprecipitation at low KCl concentrations, and (2) inhibition of these two interrelated processes at an ionic strength close to physiological. Both stimulation and inhibition were Ca2+-dependent, reflecting the requirement for Ca2+ for the interaction of the modulator with actin. With acto-subfragment-1, only inhibition of the actin-activated ATPase was observed. Possible implications of these effects for studies on the regulation of smooth muscle contraction are discussed. PMID- 6542029 TI - Role of the area postrema in vomiting and related functions. AB - Before 1949, the vomiting center was said to be located in the dorsal vagal nuclei of the medulla, but it was uncertain whether two centers existed separately for the control of direct and reflex actions of emetic agents. Borison and Wang then used a stereotaxic technique with electrical stimulation to localize the vomiting center in the reticular formation at a measurable distance from the dorsal vagal nuclei. They also formulated the concept of a separate emetic chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) so that the vomiting center itself is not sensitive to emetic agents and serves solely to coordinate the reflex process. The CTZ was soon identified with the area postrema (AP), but the question remains unanswered whether the CTZ constitutes part or all of tht circumventricular organ. Furthermore, different chemosensory functions, as for defecation and certain forms of autonomic expression, may be represented regionally within the AP. Species that are unable to vomit, e.g., rodents, show other postrema-mediated effects as radiation-induced gastric stasis and drug-induced conditioned taste aversion. In sheep, digitalis-induced arrest of rumination is prevented by postremectomy. It is suggested that these behavioral end points in nonvomiting species may serve for biological assay of antinauseant drugs. Finally, a tabular summary is given of known causes of vomiting in which the AP has been implicated. PMID- 6542030 TI - Human sperm function in the ejaculate following vasectomy. AB - Semen specimens were obtained for analysis from nine men immediately before vasectomy and 3 days following the vasectomy procedure. After vasectomy there was a significant decrease in seminal sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility, and mean swimming speed. In seven of nine cases the spermatozoa did not survive overnight incubation in capacitation media, and in no case was penetration of zonafree hamster oocytes observed 3 days after vasectomy. PMID- 6542031 TI - Motility, expression of surface antigen, and X and Y human sperm separation in in vitro fertilization medium. AB - The influence of surrounding medium on human sperm swimming behavior has been characterized. In modified Ham's F-10 serum-supplemented in vitro fertilization medium, the straight-track swimming pattern of sperm in semen changed rapidly into circular tracks, and a new surface antigen was detected soon after this change. The circular tracks alternated between clockwise and counterclockwise directional movements. Addition of 17 beta-estradiol in a concentration range found in follicular fluid increased the frequency of clockwise movement twofold, suggesting that a steep concentration gradient created by an aduterine flow during ovulation, is likely to direct sperm migration up the gradient in the ipsilateral oviduct. Separation of X and Y sperm raised the possibility that a female carrier of an X-linked disease might choose to have a daughter, instead of taking the chance of having an affected son. PMID- 6542032 TI - Development of the lymph nodes in the very young, and their evolution in the mature, nude rat. AB - We recently revised the concepts on the morphology of the lymph nodes of the young adult athymic nude rat. The present work studied the postnatal development of its nodal structures and their evolution with aging. The structural development of the deep cortex "units" was found to progress as usual. However, while the concentration of lymphocytes appeared to develop normally in the periphery of a unit, the center of the unit remained lymphocyte-depleted. Further, the peripheral cortex failed to develop over the middle part of a unit center. With aging, the peripheral cortex over the remainder of a unit center could atrophy and disappear completely. The present findings did not yield information as to whether thymic elements are necessary to trigger the development of a unit, but they revealed that its further development is determined by stimuli. It was concluded that, in the absence of T-cells, stimuli for cellular immune responses provoke the proliferation of the reticular or interdigitating cells of a unit center. On the other hand, an increase of these stimuli was concluded to cause the peripheral cortex to fail to develop over part of a unit center and, later, to atrophy over the remainder of the unit center. The mechanisms of the phenomena are discussed. PMID- 6542033 TI - Influence of following Green's criteria for urinary stress incontinence surgical procedures. AB - A series of 161 patients with urinary stress incontinence and who underwent either Kelly urethral plication or Marshall-Marchetti procedures were reviewed in order to evaluate the usefulness of following Green's criteria in the selection of type of surgery for stress incontinence. One-year follow-up failure rate was higher in patients with type I stress incontinence (23%) than in type II stress incontinence (15.5%), and also when the choice of surgical approach did not follow Green's criteria; statistical analysis of these data showed that differences did not reach a significant level (P greater than 0.05). PMID- 6542034 TI - Dynamics of the actin microfilament system in the Tubifex egg during ooplasmic segregation. AB - Following the second polar body formation (PBF), the Tubifex egg undergoes ooplasmic segregation consisting of two steps, i.e., centrifugal migration of membranous organelles forming a subcortical ooplasmic layer and then movements of these organelles along the egg surface. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the microfilament organization in eggs during these ooplasmic rearrangements. Microfilaments throughout the egg are identified as actin by their reversible heavy meromyosin binding. Before the second PBF, a distinct network of actin filaments is present in the endoplasmic region. It is disorganized during the second PBF; short actin filaments are caused to aggregate with membranous organelles. Following the second PBF, similar short filaments become localized in the subcortical layer but not in the underlying yolky region. However, it is not until 50-60 min after the second PBF that an elaborate actin network is established in the subcortical layer. The cortex contains a sheet-like lattice of actin filaments. It is thickest around the animal pole, and tapes toward the equator of the egg. At about 90 min after the second PBF, this polarized distribution of cortical filaments becomes more pronounced as the result of their movements. Chronologically, subcortical actin network formation and cortical reorganization correspond to the later portion of the first step and the earlier portion of the second step of ooplasmic segregation, respectively. These findings are discussed in terms of ooplasmic movements and rearrangements. PMID- 6542035 TI - An increase of cAMP-dependent protein kinase during development in Polysphondylium pallidum. AB - Polysphondylium pallidum is a cellular slime mold in which, unlike in Dictyostelium discoideum, cAMP is not the chemotactic agent. The occurrence of a cAMP-dependent protein kinase in D. discoideum was demonstrated earlier and we suggested that it may mediate the intracellular effects of cAMP on the development of the organism, particularly since an increase in the amount of the enzyme during development was noted. In D. discoideum cAMP plays a dual role insofar as it serves both as chemotactic agent and as second messenger; it was of interest therefore, to determine whether a cAMP-dependent protein kinase occurred in P. pallidum. We found a cAMP-dependent protein kinase in P. pallidum using Kemptide as substrate. The regulatory subunit of the enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 41,000 and seems to be similar in its properties with that isolated earlier from D. discoideum. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunits from the two species are also similar. Furthermore, there is a developmentally regulated, parallel, two- to threefold increase in the two subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in P. pallidum. The increase occurs before aggregates are formed. These findings are compatible with a role of the intracellular cAMP and of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the development of P. pallidum. PMID- 6542036 TI - Tympanometry. AB - The basic principles essential for interpreting two-component, multiple frequency tympanograms first are reviewed. These principles then are applied to an analysis of tympanometric shape (conductance, susceptance, and admittance tympanograms) as a function of probe frequency in subjects with normal middle ear transmission systems. The final section presents tympanometric data from patients with confirmed middle ear pathologies that produce an increase in resonant frequency (e.g., middle ear effusion, otosclerosis, ossicular adhesions, and tympanic membrane retraction) or a decrease in resonant frequency (e.g., otitis externa, serous otitis media, tympanic membrane pathology, and ossicular discontinuity). The advantages and disadvantages of a particular probe frequency and/or admittance component are illustrated with individual cases. The cases further demonstrate that the same tympanometric pattern can be recorded from ears with different pathologies (e.g., tympanic membrane perforation with cholesteatoma, tympanic membrane retraction, ossicular adhesions, and middle ear effusion), and conversely, that the same pathology can result in different tympanometric shapes (e.g., tympanic membrane perforation, middle ear effusion, and otosclerosis). Caution, therefore, must be exercised in ascribing a tympanometric abnormality to a specific middle ear lesion. PMID- 6542037 TI - Medical relevancy of immittance measurements. AB - There has been a marked increased interest in immittance measurements in the past decade. It is important that the relevancy of these findings be established by validation with the more traditional methods of examination and longitudinal observations. The various methods of evaluation, history, and physical examination complement the immittance observations. The correlation and limitations of both otoscopy and tympanometry are discussed in this presentation. PMID- 6542038 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in dystrophia myotonica (Steinert's disease)]. AB - Ten patients with myotonic dystrophy have been studied by M-mode and 2 dimensional echocardiography. Six patients had echocardiographic abnormalities: mitral valve prolapse, hypertrophy of the papillary muscles (2 cases); impaired regional left ventricular relaxation, probably due to "cardiac myotonia" (4 patients); and dilatative cardiomyopathy in the sole patient with overt heart disease. There seems to be no relation between involvement of skeletal and cardiac muscle. It is likely, although not proved, that myocardial involvement in myotonic dystrophy occur initially as "myotonia", followed by a "dystrophic" phase with severe dilatative cardiomyopathy, not unlike the skeletal muscle. PMID- 6542039 TI - Radiographic study of acute gastric anisakiasis. AB - The radiographic findings from 226 patients with acute gastric anisakiasis are reviewed. Suggestive but indeterminate findings such as coarse and broad gastric folds caused by mucosal edema were demonstrated in 224 patients (98%). In 179 patients (88%) mucosal edema was so extensive that it occupied more than half of the entire gastric wall. The most diagnostic radiographic finding, present in 139 patients, was the appearance of a threadlike filling defect about 3 cm in length, showing an anisakis larva itself. Careful demonstration of these radiographic findings is useful for the diagnosis of acute gastric anisakiasis. PMID- 6542040 TI - [Radiosensitivity of Drosophila lines. VII. The effect of the maternal genotype on the yield of recessive and dominant lethal mutations induced by the gamma irradiation of males]. AB - The effect of material repair on induction of paternal mutations was tested with radiosensitive rad(2)201G1 mutant. Basc males were irradiated at doses from 0 to 60 Gy of gamma-rays and mated to the radiosensitive mutant or control females. Frequencies of sex-linked recessive lethals and dominant lethals (induced in the paternal genome) were determined. With control females, the rate of recessive lethals increased linearly from 0 to 60 Gy. With rad(2)201G1 mutant, an increase in spontaneous and induced rates of paternal dominant lethals was observed; the rate of sex-linked recessive lethals increased non-linearly from 0 to 60 Gy. PMID- 6542041 TI - [Population genetics of taiga hunters and reindeer breeders in central Siberia. The biochemical markers of genes Hp, Tf, Gc, A1b, GLO1, PGM1, AcP and EsD]. AB - Biochemical markers of gene systems Alb, Tf, Gc, Hp, GLO1, PGM1, EsD, AcP were analysed in the native population of Evenc national region. It is shown that native population of Central Siberia, in spite of its mongoloid racial type, posseses the complex of gene frequencies for protein loci studied which is not typical for mongoloids. The complex may be called "central-siberian" and its origin may be connected with the process of adaptation to environment of the Central Siberian geographical region. The system of gene markers analysed may be considered as a sensitive one in the studies of processes of gene adaptation to the local environmental factors and, in this connection, being perspective in these studies among native population of Siberia. PMID- 6542042 TI - [Kinetic heterogeneity of the replication of genetically inactive X chromosome in human cells]. AB - Kinetics of DNA replication in genetically non-active X chromosome was studied in peripheral lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts from four phenotypically normal women and one fetus using BrdU 33258 Hoechst-Giemsa techniques. The localization of the earliest replicated chromosomal segment was shown to be unstable, varying from cell to cell in both lymphocytes and fibroblasts of all persons examined. Several variants of replication sequence in the X chromosome were found in both types of cells. The variants revealed were classified, according to Willard. The statistically significant differences in replication sequence were found between blood lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts in two individuals. The problem of tissue specificity in replication kinetics of the genetically non-active X chromosome is discussed. PMID- 6542043 TI - [Mapping of genes 14 and 16 of phage phi 80]. AB - This study was performed to obtain more detailed information on the early region of phage phi 80. For this purpose, a selective method for isolation of early phage ts mutants was developed. 32 ts mutants of phi 80 obtained and early sus mutants isolated by Sato were characterized by complementation tests and deletion mapping. The results of this study differ from those of Sato in two aspects. Firstly, it was shown that sus mutations 250, 258 and 326 of phi 80 define one gene 16, and that gene 15 previously determined by Sato via sus 326 mutation does not exist. Secondly, we found that the order of the phi 80 early genes 14 and 16 is cI-16-14, contrary to the Sato data (cI-14-16). PMID- 6542044 TI - [Synaptonemal complexes in mammals. I. The nature and mechanism of the formation of centric chromosome fusions (Robertsonian translocations)]. AB - The nature and mechanism of formation of chromosomes' centric fusion were studied in mammals using the spreading method and silver staining of pachytene chromosomes. The male mice carriers of Robertsonian translocations Rb (8, 17) 1IEM, animals with standard karyotypes and F1 hybrids were used. It was concluded that the centric fusions resulted from translocation events and do not differ from other simmetric structural rearrangements of the exchange types. PMID- 6542046 TI - [Malpractice among health service personnel in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 6542045 TI - [Distribution of acetylator phenotypes in the normal Moscow city population and in chronic alcoholism]. AB - The distribution of acetylator phenotypes was studied in 169 normal individuals of Moscow Russian population and 75 inhabitants of Moscow suffering from chronic alcoholism. Polymorphism was found by means of acetylation in both groups studied. The proportion of repeatability of rapid and slow acetylators amounts to 48 and 52% among normal individuals, 44 and 56% among those who suffer from chronic alcoholism. The comparative analyses of such repeatability within the classes resulted in authentic increase of the rate of rapid acetylators among the chronic alcoholics (chi 2 = 18.32; p less than 0.01); in comparison with normal individual groups, (the modes being in classes 50-60% and 80-90%, with the antimode 70-80%), a shift of one of the modes from the 50-60% class into the 60 70% class was traced among diseased individuals. It is supposed that chronic alcohol consumption stimulates the process of acetylation; possible reasons for this stimulation are discussed. PMID- 6542047 TI - The effect of light regime on growth and pattern of body fat accretion of broiler chickens. AB - A seven week serial slaughter experiment was conducted with male and female broiler chickens to determine the effect of photoperiod on body growth rate and pattern and rate of fat deposition. The two light regimes compared were constant light and a 16 hour light:8 hour dark photoperiod. Males grown under the 16L:8D photoperiod consumed less feed and grew less rapidly than males under constant light. The slower rate of growth was apparently due entirely to less feed consumption, since feed efficiency of males was unaffected by light treatment. Females reared under 16L:8D also grew less rapidly than under constant light. However, the difference was much more pronounced than in males, and was not due to reduced feed consumption, rather to less efficient feed utilization. Females grown under 16L.8D exhibited a slower rate of increase in percent daily fat gain than did females grown under constant light. At seven weeks of age, total body fat content of females averaged 12% less when grown under 16L:8D. Rat and pattern of fat gain in males was unaffected by light treatment. The incidence of leg abnormalities was substantially lower for both sexes reared under 16L:8D. PMID- 6542048 TI - Effect of no treatment, cimetidine 1 g/day, cimetidine 2 g/day and cimetidine combined with atropine on nocturnal gastric secretion in cimetidine non responders. AB - We have studied nocturnal acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer who met predetermined criteria of poor clinical response to cimetidine. Different groups of patients were investigated receiving either no treatment, cimetidine 1 g/day, cimetidine 2 g/day or cimetidine 1 g/day combined with atropine 4.8 mg/day. The results were compared with those obtained from other patients with duodenal ulcer who were studied in our department but who were not classified as according to their clinical response to cimetidine. The results show that despite adequate absorption, cimetidine has a decreased effect at controlling acid secretion in the poor responders and that increasing the dose of drug does not improve response. Control of acid output was, however, dramatically improved when cimetidine was combined with atropine which suggests that patients who do not respond to H2-receptor blockade should be treated by a combination of cimetidine with an anticholinergic agent. PMID- 6542050 TI - Adriamycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in the treatment of metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma. AB - Adriamycin (50 mg/m2) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (50 mg/m2) were administered every 21 days to treat metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma. This regimen resulted in three responses (one complete and two partial) in nine women (33%). Most patients had moderate or severe hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity. One patient experienced moderate neurotoxicity. This combination of drugs did not appear effective in the treatment of recurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma, but may have a role in the therapy of primary widespread disease. PMID- 6542049 TI - Pelvic irradiation plus adriamycin and cyclophosphamide in selected patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a phase II study of the Northern California Oncology Group. PMID- 6542051 TI - Induction of tumours of the urinary bladder in F344 rats by dietary administration of o-phenylphenol. AB - o-Phenylphenol (OPP), a fungicide approved as a food additive in Japan, was given in pelleted diets at dietary levels of 0.156, 0.313, 0.625, 1.25 or 2.5% to groups of 11 or 12 F344/DuCrj rats of each sex for 13 wk, and 0.625, 1.25 or 2.5% to groups of 20-24 male F344/DuCrj rats for 91 wk. In the 13-wk study, transitional cell papillomas of the urinary bladder occurred in 6/12 (50%) of the male 1.25% group. In the 91-wk study, urinary bladder tumours appeared in 23/24 (96%) of the 1.25% and 4/23 (17%) of the 2.5% group. Among these tumours, transitional cell carcinomas were found in 20/23 (87%) of 1.25% and 2/4 (50%) of the 2.5% groups. A dose-related increase in the incidence of nephritic lesions was also observed in dosed rats in both the 13- and 91-wk study. PMID- 6542052 TI - Influence of strain and age on the induction of mammary tumours by diethylstilboestrol in C3H mice. AB - C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN female mice were fed diets containing targeted concentrations of 320 or 640 ppb diethylstilboestrol (DES) starting at 7 or 11 wk of age and continuing throughout their remaining lifespan. Regardless of the DES concentration there was a faster rate of development and higher final incidence of mammary adenocarcinomas among the C3H/HeN mice than among the C3H/HeJ mice. In C3H/HeN mice started on DES when 11 wk old, mammary tumours developed more rapidly than when treatment was started at 7 wk of age. This was also true for C3H/HeJ mice given 320 ppb DES but not for those treated with 640 ppb DES. Both age at the start of treatment and strain of C3H mice are important factors to be considered in designing experiments to study the tumorigenic activity of oestrogens such as DES. PMID- 6542053 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of trypan blue in female Sprague-Dawley and Long Evans rats. AB - Administration of trypan blue to pregnant Sprague-Dawley or Long-Evans rats, during an identical stage of embryogenesis, has been associated with malformations in 97 and 17% of the offspring, respectively (Gunberg, Anat. Rec. 1958, 130, 310). In the present study the comparative pharmacokinetics of trypan blue in the two strains were investigated. Female Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats were injected sc with 10 mg trypan blue/rat [0.5 ml 2% (w/v) trypan blue in distilled water]. Blood samples were collected from the post-orbital plexus at times ranging from 5 min to 480 hr after dosing. The peak serum concentration of trypan blue was greater in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pharmacokinetic analyses of concentrations of trypan blue in serum resulted in fitting a two-compartment open model, with first order absorption, for both strains. Elimination of trypan blue from the central compartment was faster in Sprague-Dawley rats. This phenomenon was associated with a net movement out of the central compartment, predicted by the ratio of intercompartment rate constants. It is possible that the reported differences between the two strains in the teratogenic effects of trypan blue could be attributable, in part, to these observed pharmacokinetic dissimilarities. PMID- 6542054 TI - Skin-tumour promoting activity of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide--a potent lipid peroxidizing agent. AB - The tumour-promoting activity of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) was tested on the skin of hairless mice using a two-stage initiation-promotion protocol. When ultraviolet radiation in the UVB region (280-320 nm) was used as tumour initiator, MEKP showed weak promoting activity. The promotional activity of MEKP was potentiated by diethyl maleate, which is known to deplete intracellular glutathione, suggesting that lipid peroxidation may be important in the tumour promotion. PMID- 6542056 TI - Penetration of [3H]T-2 toxin through excised human and guinea-pig skin during exposure to [3H]T-2 toxin adsorbed to corn dust. AB - An in vitro test system was used to measure the penetration of [3H]T-2 toxin through human epidermis, human whole skin (isolated dermis and epidermis), and through guinea-pig whole skin. To simulate the conditions which occur when agricultural workers are exposed to corn dust contaminated with T-2 toxin, the epidermal surface of each skin preparation was dosed with [3H]T-2 toxin adsorbed onto corn dust. The applied dose was 3.27 to 4.75 mg of corn dust containing 18.2 ppm [3H]T-2 toxin. The rate of percutaneous penetration was determined by measuring the accumulation of radioactivity in the receptor fluid bathing the dermal side of the excised skin. The total penetrations (expressed as percentage dose) through isolated human epidermis, human whole skin and through isolated guinea-pig whole skin were 1.12 +/- 0.26% (mean +/- standard deviation), 0.33 +/- 0.07%, and 0.13 +/- 0.07% respectively. The radioactive compounds in the receptor fluid bathing the human whole skin corresponded to T-2 toxin (69%) and HT-2 toxin (25%), as determined by thin-layer chromatography. Thus T-2 toxin adsorbed onto corn dust can partition into and penetrate through excised human and guinea-pig skin. PMID- 6542055 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis in mice by ochratoxin A and its prevention by phenylalanine. AB - The sensitivity of protein synthesis to ip doses of ochratoxin A ranging from 1 to 15 mg/kg body weight has been determined in the livers, kidneys and spleens of mice. The incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids into protein was measured in the total tissue homogenate, in the 105,000-g supernatant fraction and in the fraction of thermostable soluble proteins. The inhibition of protein synthesis was greatest in spleen and kidney and least in liver. The percentage inhibition of protein synthesis by any one dose of ochratoxin A was similar in all of the protein fractions from any one organ. The degree of inhibition of protein synthesis 5 hr after administration of 1 mg ochratoxin A/kg was 26% in liver, 68% in kidney and 75% in spleen. Phenylalanine (100 mg/kg) injected together with ochratoxin A prevented the inhibition of protein synthesis by a dose of 10 mg OTA/kg in all of these organs. PMID- 6542057 TI - Kinetics of 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) in man. AB - High-resolution capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring and using deuterated 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) as an internal standard was used to measure BHA in the plasma and urine of human volunteers after oral administration of 30 or 5 mg of the compound in olive oil. Pharmacokinetic studies showed similar plasma-concentration profiles in subjects treated with either level of BHA. About 20% of the administered dose was excreted as BHA glucuronide in the urine within the first 24 hr. PMID- 6542058 TI - The work of OECD in the harmonization of the testing and control of chemicals. AB - The 24 Member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have over the past few years reached agreement on several issues relating to the assessment of chemicals. The subjects on which agreement has been reached include guidelines for the testing of chemicals, good laboratory practice, mutual acceptance of data, and data interpretation guides. The agreement on mutual acceptance of data within OECD Member countries ensures that data generated on a chemical in one country (using OECD test guidelines and in accordance with OECD principles of good laboratory practice) will be accepted in other OECD Member countries for purposes of assessment related to protection of human health and the environment. This agreement will reduce repeated testing of the same chemical in different (OECD) countries, will result in more cost efficient use of test facilities and specialist manpower, and, not least, will result in a significant reduction in the number of animals (and species) used in biological testing. It is hoped that other international organizations, and countries that are not members of OECD, will adopt the same approach. Reference to some other OECD activities intended to facilitate the transfer of information on chemicals between Member countries whilst maintaining proprietary rights and confidentiality is included in this review. PMID- 6542059 TI - [Concept of a new instrument with simultaneous FAG imaging for guided panretinal laser coagulation in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6542060 TI - [Photocoagulation using the Nd-YAG-laser in the treatment of non-neoplastic gastrointestinal stenosis]. AB - In the gastrointestinal tract the Nd YAG laser has proved to be effective in hemostasis and tumor therapy. Initial experience in the treatment of benign stenoses reveals excellent results for this new indication, too. From July 1983 to March 1984 six patients with non-neoplastic stenoses of the esophagus (3) or the rectosigmoid colon (3) were treated with a Nd YAG laser. The lumen only was 3 7 mm, the length of the stenoses up to 7 cm. In all cases narrowing was successfully treated to an easy definitive passage of the 13 mm endoscope. Such symptoms as dysphagia, constipation or tenesms disappeared and no complications were seen. Reopening of non-neoplastic stenoses with Nd YAG laser is an alternative method to present-day conservative or surgical measures, being practicable, effective and of low risk to the patient. PMID- 6542061 TI - [Effect of immunoglobulins on the course of therapy-resistant Klebsiella meningitis]. AB - The case of a 28-year-old patient with refractory Klebsiella meningitis after surgical removal of an angioblastoma in the left cerebellar hemisphere (Lindau's tumour) as described in this article, shows the significance of immunoglobulin therapy in view of the synergistic efficacy increase of antibiotics and immunoglobulin. There were 4 meningitis relapses in a period of 8 months, each time 4 days after discontinuation of antibiotics, the therapy consisting of antibiotics only (penicillin G, gentamycin, lamoxactam, cefotaxim and chloramphenicol). These antibiotics, which were applied in accordance with the antibiogram, were discontinued each 16-32 days after the patient had become afebrile and CSF was free from bacteria. In spite of this, further meningitis relapses followed even when the CSF cell count dropped from 12000/3 to 32/3 cells. An attempt to apply gentamycin suboccipitally failed, since diplopia, nystagmus and headache occurred after a single application. The combination of chloramphenicol orally and immunoglobulin intravenously resulted for the first time in complete freedom from bacteria in the CSF. A single intrathecal application of 1 g immunoglobulin caused a temporary increase in CSF cells to 1200/3 and an anal temperature increase from 37% to 38% C. Urticaria exanthema was observed twice as a side effect of immunoglobulin therapy. PMID- 6542062 TI - Suppression of the plasma cortisol level by a single large dose of dexamethasone administered in the morning in Cushing's disease. PMID- 6542063 TI - X-linked recessive myotubular myopathy: II. Muscle morphology and human myogenesis. AB - The classification of centronuclear myotubular myopathies is controversial. Within this group of disorders, congenital X-linked recessive myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), characterized by marked cell hypotrophy and structural resemblance to fetal myotubes, represents a distinct entity. The histologic findings in verified and probable cases of XLMTM are reviewed. In addition, the ultrastructural features of muscle in one case of XLMTM are compared with those of normal fetal muscle at various developmental ages. In XLMTM both muscle and nerve show evidence of immaturity. Proliferation of the sarcotubular organelles in XLMTM, not observed in normal fetal muscle, may be due to impaired innervation. PMID- 6542064 TI - An aetiological study of 290 XXY males, with special reference to the role of paternal age. AB - Data on 290 non-mosaic 47,XXY males have been analysed for possible associations with parental ages at birth, season of birth, sex ratio among sibs, and twinning. Comparison with matched population controls revealed a highly significant association with parental age, which was fully explained by dependence on maternal age and maternal age alone. The maternal age effect was determined with greater precision than in an earlier study of the same material, in which siblings were used as controls, and was estimated to result in an increased risk of between 5% and 10% per annum (p.a.). The estimated independent effect of paternal age, after fitting maternal age, was marginally (but not significantly) negative, and excluded an increased risk in excess of 3% p.a. Paternal age therefore appears to have little if any independent significance in the aetiology of 47,XXY. After correcting for seasonal variations in the population birth rate and smoothing, there was a peak of XXY births in March and a trough in November. Though not statistically significant, the pattern resembled that reported in previous studies, and was similar for both younger and older mothers. The twinning rate for both the XXYs and their sibs, and the sex ratio among the latter, were close to the corresponding population values. PMID- 6542065 TI - Disturbances in collagen synthesis in trisomic cells from spontaneously aborted embryos. AB - Collagen synthesis in cells with trisomy 7 and 9 derived from human spontaneous abortuses was found to be lower (5.06% and 5.53% respectively) than in the control diploid cells (8.80%). The ratio of collagen types (I/III) in trisomic strains did not differ from the control data while the amount of the degraded procollagen in trisomic cells was increased. PMID- 6542066 TI - Fish cell lines: establishment and characterization of nine cell lines from salmonids. AB - Nine permanent cell lines have been established from five species of salmonids native to America's Pacific Northwest. With the exception of a hepatoma from an adult trout, the lines were derived from normal tissues of embryonic or juvenile fish. Cells were routinely grown in Eagle's minimum essential medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. Optimum growth temperatures for these lines ranged from 21 to 24 degrees C. All survived storage for at least 1 yr at -65 degrees C and at least 5 yr in liquid nitrogen. Six of the lines were demonstrably free of any microbial contamination but mycoplasmas were found in three. Eight of the lines were heteroploid. The morphology of only one was fibroblastic. All the lines effectively replicated one or more of the common salmonid viruses. Isozyme patterns were consistent with those of the species of origin. These cell lines have significant application in fish virology. PMID- 6542067 TI - Human monoclonal antibody to tumor-associated ganglioside GD2: suppressed growth of human melanoma in nude mice. AB - Human IgM kappa monoclonal antibody (anti-GD2) to a tumor antigen, ganglioside GD2, has been produced by Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphoblasts. In the present study, we demonstrated the anti-tumor effects of passively administered anti-GD2 against an ascites-form human melanoma cell line, M14-A, transplanted into athymic nude mice. M14-A expresses GD2 in vivo. Cells (5 X 10(5) were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) into CD-1 nude mice that had received i.p. injections of 200 micrograms anti-GD2 and rabbit complement. Significant tumor-free intervals were observed in the treated mice (P less than 0.005) for i.p. tumors and P less than 0.025 for s.c. tumors). M14-A formed well-vascularized s.c. tumors if injected into young nude mice. Three-wk old CD-1 nude mice bearing 2-3 mm M14-A s.c. tumor nodules were treated i.p. with anti-GD2 and rabbit complement. Tumor growth was delayed for 25 days. On day 15, treated tumors were 20% the size of control tumors. Because most biopsied or autopsied melanomas express GD2, and because patients with melanoma produce autoantibodies to GD2, the results in this study may provide important information for future passive immunization with human monoclonal antibody and for active specific immunization with GD2 antigen. PMID- 6542068 TI - Duchenne's muscular dystrophy in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6542069 TI - Bordetella pertussis infection in mice: correlation of specific antibodies against two antigens, pertussis toxin, and filamentous hemagglutinin with mouse protectivity in an intracerebral or aerosol challenge system. AB - The correlation of titers of specific serum immunoglobulin G antibodies against two antigens, pertussis toxin (PT), and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), which are the main components of pertussis vaccine in Japan, with mouse protectivity was examined by both intracerebral and aerosol challenge systems with virulent Bordetella pertussis cells. Titer of the antibodies was calculated from the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) unit given arbitrarily to reference antibodies. PT antibody titer which protected 50% of mice was indistinguishable in both active immunization followed by intracerebral challenge and passive immunization followed by aerosol challenge. The 50% effective dose was 23 ELISA U/ml in the former mice and 24 ELISA U/mouse in the latter. In the intracerebral challenge system, FHA did not elicit a protective response but was very helpful for PT as an immunizing antigen. When anti-FHA immunoglobulin G coexisted with anti-PT immunoglobulin G in mice, the 50% effective dose of PT antibody was 4.4 or 10 ELISA U/mouse in intracerebral or aerosol challenge systems, respectively. In this active immunization system, pertussis toxoid of 1 micrograms or 0.1 microgram/mouse produced PT antibody of ca. 20 or 5 ELISA U/ml, respectively. It was concluded that pertussis toxoid or its antibody was much more potent than Formalin-treated FHA or its antibody; Formalin-treated FHA or its antibody was helpful when it was administered with pertussis toxoid toxoid or its antibody, however. PMID- 6542070 TI - Purification of dermonecrotic toxin from a sonic extract of Pasteurella multocida SP-72 serotype D. AB - A procedure was developed to purify dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) from a sonic extract of a serotype D strain of Pasteurella multocida. Sonic extract containing DNT was applied to a DEAE-Sephacel column and eluted by a linear gradient of NaCl. Upon rechromatographing, fractions with dermonecrotic activity for guinea pigs were applied on a second Sephacel column, and a pooled fraction with the toxic activity was filtered through a Sephadex G-200 column. Pooled fractions with the toxic activity were subjected to polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis (PAGE), and the toxic substance was eluted from each sliced gel. Eluted fractions with the toxic activity were rechromatographed on a second Sephadex G-200 column, and a pooled fraction with high dermonecrotic activity was referred to as a purified DNT. The activity of purified DNT was increased by 1,000 times, and the average yield was about 1.8%. The purified DNT was homogeneous as determined by Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and thin-layer isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and gave a single band on PAGE and sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. The molecular weight of the toxin was ca. 160,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE. The isoelectric point of the toxin was ca. 4.7 to 4.8. Amino acid analysis of the purified DNT revealed that the toxin was composed of characteristically high proportions of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, proline, alanine, and leucine. The minimal necrotizing dose of the toxin was about 1 ng of protein, and the 50% lethal dose per mouse was 0.2 micrograms. The purified DNT was heat labile and sensitive to inactivation by trypsin, Formalin, and glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6542071 TI - Hemolytic factors in Schistosoma japonicum eggs. AB - Extracts of Schistosoma japonicum eggs were found to exhibit hemolytic activity on erythrocytes of various species. The hemolytic reaction took place more rapidly at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C and did not require divalent cations. The degree of hemolysis was dependent on the concentration of the egg extracts. The hemolytic factors seemed to be lipid in nature because of being heat-stable and soluble in chloroform solvent. Further analysis by means of thin-layer chromatography showed that hemolytic activity in the extracts was due to free fatty acids. Analysis by gas chromatography revealed that fatty acids in the egg extracts consist of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids. Among them, based on the experiments with commercially available fatty acids, arachidonic acid was the most intensively hemolytic, followed by linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitoleic, and myristic acids in that order, whereas palmitic acid showed weak activity only in the presence of divalent cations. From the estimated calculation, it was assumed that 1 mg of protein of the egg extracts contains as much as 0.22 mg of free fatty acids. PMID- 6542073 TI - A 5-year prospective case-control study of the influence of early otitis media with effusion on reading achievement. AB - In a still ongoing prospective longitudinal study, more than 500 children--a total birth-cohort in a Danish municipality--were followed from their 3rd to their 9th year of life by multiple impedance tests in order to investigate a number of factors concerning epidemiology and long-term impacts of otitis media with effusion. This is a report on the influence of otitis media with effusion early in life on reading achievement. The study revealed no difference in school class level between the 9% of the children (n = 46) who constantly had abnormal tympanometry during a 6-month period at the age of 3, and the other pupils in the municipality. At the Silent Reading Test (OS-400), done on 40 of the 46 case pupils the results did not differ from (1) the other pupils in the municipality, (2) from other pupils of the same sex in the same classroom, or (3) from individual control-pupils matched by sex, social group and classroom. PMID- 6542072 TI - Adjuvant effects of aluminum silicate on IgE and IgG1 antibody production in mice. AB - The adjuvant effects of aluminum silicate on IgE and IgG1 antibody production were investigated. BALB/c mice were immunized intraperitoneally with 10 micrograms ovalbumin (OA) adsorbed on 0.2, 2, or 20 mg aluminum silicate. The enhancement of anti-OA IgE antibody production was observed in the mice injected with aluminum silicate and antigen compared with the mice injected with antigen alone. Anti-OA IgE antibody production with 2 and 20 mg aluminum silicate was greater than that with aluminum hydroxide (alum) as an adjuvant. Similar adjuvant effects with 2 mg aluminum silicate or alum were observed in AKR and C57BL/6 mice using 10 micrograms OA, and in BALB/c mice using 2 micrograms DNP-KLH (dinitrophenyl keyhole limpet hemocyanin): IgE antibody production induced by aluminum silicate adjuvant persisted for weeks in these experiments. The enhancement of IgG1 antibody production to OA mixed with aluminum silicate was also demonstrated. However, no difference between aluminum silicate and alum was observed on the IgG1 antibody production. PMID- 6542074 TI - [Operative therapy of infertility in the male]. PMID- 6542075 TI - The orienting response and psychopathology: commentary on the papers by James and Barry and by Alm, Lindstrom, Ost and Ohman. PMID- 6542076 TI - Interactions between target and masking stimuli: perceptual and event-related potential effects. AB - TWo separate experiments were conducted to determinge the nature of the visual event related potential (ERP) at two different cortical areas under conditions of backward visual masking and to see the effects of varied inter-stimulus-intervals (ISIs) upon both masking and the ERP. The results of the first experiment clearly demonstrated visual ERP attenuation at a target-mask ISI of 40 ms, an ISI which consistently produced masking. Both experiments showed that this effect was specific for the occipital recording site since amplitude reductions were not observed at the vertex under this condition. The mask alone condition produced the largest amplitude ERPs in both experiments. Again, this was specific for Oz. In the second experiment target-mask ISIs which did not produce backward masking (i.e., 10 ms and 100 ms) were not accompanied by ERP amplitude reductions. The results may be explained by a cortical excitatory-inhibitory model. That is, when successive stimuli are presented to the visual system, the visual cortical excitation produced by the initial stimuli is inhibited by the presentation of subsequent stimuli when temporal and spatial intervals are appropriate. PMID- 6542077 TI - EEG sensorimotor rhythm biofeedback training: some effects on the neurologic precursors of learning disabilities. AB - This study presents a clinical treatment regime for pathological interhemispheric dysfunction with respect to a population of learning disabled boys. The results obtained replicate and extend earlier findings with respect to operantly conditioned increases in amplitude of sensorimotor transactions and its positive effect on learning disability. Specifically, the biofeedback, and subsequent conditioning, of increased 14 Hz neural discharge patterns (sensorimotor rhythm SMR) over the central Rolandic cortex, appeared to increase bilateral sensorimotor transactions resulting in substantive reduction/remediation in the learning disabilities of the recipients of such EEG biofeedback training. PMID- 6542078 TI - Cardiovascular and electrodermal responses to simple stimuli in autistic, retarded and normal children. AB - Phasic changes in respiratory period, electrodermal activity (EDA), the evoked cardiac response (ECR), and the vasoconstrictive peripheral pulse amplitude response (PPAR), were examined in matched groups of autistic, retarded, and normal children, using repeated presentation of simple visual and auditory stimuli. Analysis as a function of group membership and age indicated that respiratory pause and EDA showed habituation in the retarded and normal groups, but not in the autistic group, with no age effects in any group. PPAR and ECR showed no habituation in any group, but within-group age differences, and a higher mean response level for the autistic subjects. The autistic children did not display the diminution of response level with increased age that was characteristic of both the control groups. These effects were obtained across both modalities. Results could not be attributed to between-group tonic cardiac arousal differences, and were interpreted as further indications of diminished sensitivity to reductions in stimulus novelty, as well as developmental delay, in early-onset psychosis. PMID- 6542079 TI - Electrodermal non-responding in schizophrenia: relationships to attentional, clinical, biochemical, computed tomographical and genetic factors. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a psychophysiologically delineated subgroup of electrodermally non-responding subjects show deviations in other data domains. Specifically, we examined clinical ratings of psychopathology, cognitive measures of distractibility in short-term memory, family history of schizophrenia, as well as biochemical indices of monoamine and endorphin activity, and measures derived from computed tomography. The non responders had significantly lower skin conductance level, less spontaneous fluctuations, and a smaller ratio of elicited to spontaneous responses. The non responders had a significantly higher incidence of schizophrenic relatives than the responders, and tended to show more psychotic symptoms. The two groups did not differ in cognitive distractibility, or in biochemical and computed tomographical measures. PMID- 6542080 TI - The menstrual cycle from a bio-behavioral approach: a comparison of oral contraceptive and non-contraceptive users. AB - The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of the menstrual cycle on: (1) accuracy and simple reaction time in a problem-solving situation; (2) academic performance; (3) identify corresponding cyclic changes in a set of psychophysiological measures during rest/test conditions; and (4) to compare oral contraceptive with non-oral contraceptive users. Eight volunteer females, 4 normally cyclic and 4 oral contraceptive users, reported once weekly throughout two menstrual cycles during which changes in blood pressure, heart rate, skin temperature, finger pulse amplitude, and verbal reaction time were monitored. Differences in verbal reaction time were found between oral contraceptive users and non-users over phases of the cycle, the users being significantly slower during menstrual and premenstrual phases. It was also observed that all subjects reacted slower in the menstrual and ovulatory phases during cycle one, although no differences were found during cycle two. Skin temperature changes between groups occurred during the postovulatory phase of cycle two, the control group having shown a much greater increase than oral contraceptive users. These results indicated a suppressive influence of oral contraceptives which appeared to affect cognitive rather than motor responses, and that these effects were residual when no pills were taken menstrually and premenstrually. Also indicated was the finding that although a 28-day cycle of menstrual events exists, periodicity of these events may be reflected in a much larger cycle non-currently defined. PMID- 6542081 TI - Looking for the social and cultural dimension of the human brain. AB - The theories of brain function generally stem from elementary units and mechanisms to explain behavioral and psychological processes. The concept of the reflex arc is still today the paradigm of this trend. Other views have pointed out that molar and dynamic principles of brain functioning are more suitable for the explanation of complex processes. Social and cultural factors, whilst considered fundamental in the development of psychological functions, are neglected in brain research. The relevance of these factors is illustrated for what concerns some topics of growing interest in neuropsychological research, from the hemisphere specialization in people of different cultures to the individual organization of brain functioning. PMID- 6542082 TI - Effects of reward and methylphenidate on heart rate response morphology of augmenting and reducing children. AB - In a group of attention and/or learning disordered children referred for a trial on methylphenidate, beat-to-beat analysis of heart rate (HR) to auditory stimuli showed the response to be affected by stimulus intensity, reward level, and drug condition (placebo or active). When the children were classified as augmenters or reducers on the basis of their event-related potentials to the 4 intensity levels, the reducers had significantly higher pretreatment HR response levels as well as quicker latencies to reach deceleration trough (anticipatory component) and acceleratory peak (rebound rise to the tones). The clinically titrated methylphenidate dosage levels for the subjects were related both to the augmenter reducer classification and to pretreatment HR levels; that is, subjects who were ERP reducers and/or had higher HR levels, especially under reward conditions, were blindly titrated at higher levels than those who were augmenters and/or had lower HR levels. PMID- 6542083 TI - Neurophysiological correlates of visual stimulus recognition in man. AB - This study investigated the components of evoked impulse activity of neurons and neuronal populations (NIA) in the human brain. Subjects were 5 parkinsonian patients, two patients with skull trauma and an epileptic, diagnosed and treated with implanted electrodes. NIA was recorded during the following psychological tests: (1) identification of letters and digits presented at near-threshold exposures; (2) recognition of polygonal shapes with and without semantic meaning. Peri-stimulus time histograms (PSTHs) for the cases of recognition and non recognition in the first test and for cases of presentation of familiar and unfamiliar patterns in the second test were computed and compared with each other. PSTH components in the stimulus-response interval were classified into 3 groups: the earliest components with the latency 60-200 ms; the late components with latency 300-400 ms; and slow count rate shifts revealed 300-500 ms after stimulus presentation. No significant differences were found between the short latency components for cases of recognition and non-recognition in the first test and for cases of presentation of familiar and unfamiliar patterns in the second test, while late components depended upon subjective estimation by the patient of the stimulus. Early components are supposed to be related to physical characteristics of the stimulus, while the late components with semantic meaning. PMID- 6542084 TI - Relationships between catecholamines in urine and physical and mental effort. AB - Excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline was investigated in two experiments which included 3 physical test sessions and 3 mental test sessions (Experiment X) and a week of real-life situations (Experiment Y). An increased excretion of both catecholamines was found during each test in Experiment X. The noradrenaline excretion discriminated well between physical and mental tests, but one i.e. 35% VO2max. Adrenaline excretion discriminated the arithmetic test (AT) from the other mental tests. The noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio (NA/A) separated the AT from all other tests. The different adrenergic response patterns to physical and mental effort were confirmed in the real-life situations. The NA/A ratio reflected these differences. It was over 5 for physical activities and between 2 and 3 for mental activities. The different response patterns allow one to differentiate between physical and mental effort. PMID- 6542085 TI - Cardiovascular effects of noise during complex task performance. AB - Ten human subjects were stimulated with intermittent pink noise during the performance of a computerized task. Each subject received 3 consecutive sessions consisting of 10 min of baseline, 30 min of task performance, and 10 min of post task baseline. Noise stimulation was presented during minutes 10-20 of task performance. Task performance was associated with significant increases in mean blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration rate and significant decreases in digital pulse amplitude. Noise stimulation was associated with a further decrease in digital pulse amplitude and a further increase in mean blood pressure. Noise- and task-elicited blood pressure and vasomotor responses did not habituate. PMID- 6542086 TI - Evoked potential correlates of figure and ground. AB - Brain potentials averaged during the viewing of an alternating, positive and negative "hidden man" puzzle picture were averaged from 8 subjects before and after they learned to recognize the figure. After figure recognition in comparison to before recognition, there was significantly more evoked positivity at 64/96 ms latency, and more negativity at 224/256 ms and at 352-480 ms latency over parietal areas during the viewing of the positive picture (recognizable as face) referred to the values obtained during viewing of the negative picture (not recognizable as face). It is hypothesized that separate physiological changes might reflect learned meaningfulness of the figure (which entails increased attention) and figure extraction from ground. PMID- 6542087 TI - On 'unobtrusive psychophysiology'--fact or fiction? A rejoinder to Furedy (1983) PMID- 6542088 TI - Evoked potential augmenting and reducing: the methodological and theoretical significance of new electrophysiological observations. AB - Buchsbaum's (1976) evoked potential (EP) procedure reveals differences in the slope of P100-N140 amplitude changes with variation of stimulus luminance. Subjects are classed 'augmenters' or 'reducers', respectively, if their slopes are positive or negative. Psychological correlates of this slope index have been reported and it has distinguished psychiatric patient populations from healthy subjects. Data are presented which indicate that the augmenting-reducing slope differences are due to an early slow-wave. For augmenters, the major slow-wave deflection is of positive polarity. At the highest luminance, with a correspondingly shorter latency, the slow-wave increases the positive-going P100 deflection. At the lowest luminance, with a longer latency, it reduces the negative-going N140 deflection. This results in positive slopes. For reducers, the major slow-wave deflection is of negative polarity. This influences the measured P100 and N140 amplitudes in a manner opposite to that described for augmenters and results in negative slopes. Since these findings provide new insights concerning the nature of the Buchsbaum augmenting-reducing phenomenon, they have methodological and theoretical implications. It is concluded that the Buchsbaum procedure is an effective measure of slow-wave differences but that the reducing effect is difficult to explain in terms of Pavlov's concept of protective inhibition. An alternative 'opponent-process' explanation is offered. PMID- 6542089 TI - The anterior cingulate cortex and stress: effects of chlordiazepoxide on unit activity and stimulation-induced gastric pathology in rats. AB - Multiple unit-activity in the anterior cingulate cortex of rats indicated that during immobilization-stress some units increased responding, and others decreased their response rates. Changes in unit-behavior were also found when a stimulus was presented that previously had been paired with the restraint treatment. Pretreatment with chlordiazepoxide prevented the stress-induced increases in unit-activity, whereas, suppressed units were not affected by the drug treatment. Injections of chlordiazepoxide also attenuated the gastric pathology which was found following low-level electrical stimulation of the area of the units which had been identified to respond to restraint-stress. PMID- 6542090 TI - Self-report and heart rate responses to a stressful task. AB - Data were obtained from a risk task, the zipwire, in order to examine self-report and heart rate responses of males and females. Using this task, heart rate data demonstrated similar patterns to those found in earlier parachuting studies. ANOVAs demonstrated significant differences between sexes in self-report measures, but no significant differences in heart rate. In addition, examination of the relationships between heart rate and self-report showed a positive correlation for the women, while there was a negative correlation for the men. PMID- 6542091 TI - Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the exploratory behavior of rats. AB - Malnutrition early in life impairs the development of brain as well as behavior. In the present study the behavioral effects of preweaning pyridoxine deficiency in rats, as reflected by their exploratory score, have been investigated. The results clearly indicated that the body weight of pyridoxine-deficient rats was significantly less when compared to the control rats. Besides this, the sign of maturation of sensory perceptual mechanisms like the first day of eye opening and signs of maturation of neuromotor coordination like the day of supported standing are delayed in vitamin-deficient rats. The open-field activity reflected by the exploratory score was observed to be significantly less in vitamin-deficient rats. In short, considerable effects of prenatal pyridoxine deficiency were observed in the neonatal pups as stunting of growth and in the delayed onset of neuromotor coordination as well as a low level of open-field activity. The importance of maternal pyridoxine supplementation during pregnancy has been emphasized. PMID- 6542092 TI - Sequential dependences of perceptual interpretations of a repetitively illuminated reversible figure. AB - The Necker cube pattern was illuminated by xenon flashes repetitively at different but always regular interstimulus intervals. Subjects pushed one of two buttons corresponding to the subjective perceptual interpretation of the pattern. Analysis of the resulting binary sequences showed that none of the sequences was random. The order of Markovian dependence was higher for sequences with longer (3.6 and 2.4 s) interstimulus intervals than for shorter (1.2 s) ones. This result points to the significance of perceptual sets related to short-term memory mechanism upon perception. PMID- 6542093 TI - Persistence of spatial memory in the Morris water tank task. AB - Persistence of the spatial memory record was examined in 30 rats overtrained in the working memory version of the Morris water tank task. In Experiment 1, the animal had to find during the acquisition trial an invisible underwater platform randomly located at one of 4 possible sites in the pool. Retention test was performed 1 min, 60 min, 4 h or 24 h later with the same position of the platform and same or changed position of the start. Whereas in the acquisition trials the rats reached the goal after 12 s on average, the latency in the retrieval trials increased with the acquisition-retrieval interval. It was 5 s with the 1-min delay and exponentially approached, but did not quite reach the acquisition trial latency with the 24-h delay. In Experiment 2 the rats were started from the same position of the tank to goal positions changing from trial to trial in a prearranged sequence. There were either 1-h or alternating 1-min and 2-h intervals between the 6 daily trials. The latencies were long during the first trial and whenever the goal changed and short when the goal remained the same as on the previous trial. The latencies were not significantly influenced by intertrial interval in the 1 min to 2 h range. It is concluded that the decay of spatial memory in the water tank task is slow and is little affected by proactive interference. PMID- 6542094 TI - Eye fixation duration during random texture discrimination. AB - Eye fixation duration during discrimination of pairs of simultaneously presented computer generated random textures differing in 'grain' has been analyzed. Of the shortest duration are fixation periods preceded and followed by local saccades over the same texture and those preceded by local saccade and followed by crossing saccade shifting the eye to the other texture. The longest were fixation periods preceded and followed by crossing saccades. Small difference in 'grain' of both textures was combined by a higher number of crossing saccades between them. The approximate duration of some neural operations taking part in the visual cognitive task studied was hypothesized on the basis of comparing the duration of different types of eye fixation periods. PMID- 6542095 TI - Subjective figure reversal in two- and three-dimensional perceptual space. AB - A permanently illuminated pattern of Mach's truncated pyramid can be perceived according to the experimental instruction given, either as a three-dimensional reversible figure with spontaneously changing convex and concave interpretation (in one experiment), or as a two-dimensional reversible figure-ground pattern (in another experiment). The reversal rate was about twice as slow, without the subjects being aware of it, if it was perceived as a three-dimensional figure compared to the situation when it was perceived as two-dimensional. It may be hypothetized that in the three-dimensional case, the process of perception requires more sequential steps than in the two-dimensional one. PMID- 6542096 TI - Acoustic stimulus threshold related to EEG alpha and non-alpha epochs. AB - In humans sitting in the dark with their eyes closed the presence of EEG alpha and non-alpha epochs was registered automatically and the threshold detection of weak acoustic stimuli and reaction time of responses were measured according to the principles of the von Bekesy audiometer under both conditions. The threshold was higher during alpha epochs in comparison with non-alpha ones. The reaction time of responses under both conditions was equal. Presentation of the stimulus did not influence the duration of corresponding alpha or non-alpha epochs significantly. PMID- 6542097 TI - Squash preparation studies of germ cells in human fetal testes. AB - Testes from human fetuses 21 to 41 weeks of gestation were investigated using a modified squash technique. At all of the gestational ages examined, 90 to 95% of the germ cells were in interphase. Preleptotene germ cells, which exhibited densely staining condensed clumps of chromosomes, were found in all samples studied and constituted 3 to 9% of the germ cells observed. In appearance they resembled preleptotene figures seen in the fetal ovary. Occasionally, germ cells containing slender chromosomes with a beaded appearance, but without prominent condensation, were encountered. These cells were interpreted as preleptotene germ cells in the early stages of degeneration. Germ cells in other meiotic stages were not observed in this study. PMID- 6542098 TI - Dissimilation of aromatic compounds in Rhodotorula graminis: biochemical characterization of pleiotropically negative mutants. AB - Microorganisms oxidize many aromatic compounds through the dihydroxylated intermediates catechol and protocatechuate and through the beta-ketoadipate pathway. The catabolic sequences used by the yeast Rhodotorula graminis for the dissimilation of aromatic compounds were elucidated after biochemical analysis of pleiotropically negative mutant strains. Growth properties of one mutant strain revealed that benzoate-4-hydroxylase was required for the utilization of phenylalanine, mandelate, and benzoate. Analysis of benzoate-4-hydroxylase- and p hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase-deficient mutants provided genetic evidence that benzoate was hydroxylated in the para position forming p-hydroxybenzoate. Enzyme assays and growth studies with wild-type and mutant strains of R. graminis indicated that separate and highly specific hydroxylases oxidized p hydroxybenzoate and m-hydroxybenzoate to protocatechuate. Examination of a protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase-deficient mutant demonstrated the role of the protocatechuate branch of the eucaryotic beta-ketoadipate pathway for the utilization of phenylalanine, mandelate, benzoate, and m-hydroxybenzoate. Salicylate, on the other hand, was shown to be metabolized through catechol. Thus, R. graminis differs from other yeasts such as Trichosporon cutaneum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in that it contains both branches of the beta-ketodipate pathway. PMID- 6542099 TI - Mode of infection, nodulation specificity, and indigenous plasmids of 11 fast growing Rhizobium japonicum strains. AB - Eleven fast-growing strains of Rhizobium japonicum were characterized with respect to indigenous plasmids and abilities to infect (Inf+) and nodulate (Nod+) cowpea, siratro, wild soybean, and three commercial cultivars of soybean. All strains caused infection via infection threads in root hairs and consistently nodulated cowpea, siratro, and wild soybean in growth pouches. Interactions with commercial cultivars of soybean were strikingly strain specific. Some combinations were Nod-, and infection was delayed in others. The ratios of infections to nodules and the distribution of nodules on primary and lateral roots also varied substantially. A modified in-gel lysis procedure was devised for electrophoretic separation of plasmids from the strains. Plasmids (ranging in size from 35 to greater than 300 megadaltons) were reproducibly detected in all strains. PMID- 6542101 TI - Studies on perivitelline fluid of horseshoe crab embryo. II. Purification of agglutinin-binding substance from the perivitelline fluid of Tachypleus gigas embryo. AB - Three glycoproteins with potent agglutinin-binding activity have been isolated from the perivitelline fluid of Tachypleus gigas, horseshoe crab, embryo. In the native form, these agglutinin-binding substances were highly aggregated. After being dissociated in 10 M urea, these proteins were fractionated by gel filtration on a Fractogel TSK (Toyopearl) HW-60 in Tris-NaCl-CaCl2 (0.05 M Tris HCl, pH 7.5, containing 0.5 M NaCl and 0.1 M CaCl2) containing 10 M urea. The proteins thus obtained were designated as ABS-I, -II, and -III in the order of elution and have apparent molecular weights of 25,000 (ABS-II) and 10,000 (ABS III) as judged by both gel-filtration on Fractogel TSK (Toyopearl) HW-60 in 10 M urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis; the molecular weight of ABS I could not be estimated in the two systems since it was too high. ABS-I, -II, and -III, of which only ABS-I is water-soluble, inhibit one hemagglutination unit of activity with minimum quantities of 0.5 micrograms/ml, 7.8 micrograms/ml, and 1.0 micrograms/ml, respectively. They were found to be glycoproteins in which 6.6% of the dry weight (ABS-I), 4.2% of the dry weight (ABS-II), and 7.5% of the dry weight (ABS-III) were carbohydrate. The dry weight ratio of hexosamines in these substances is 3:1:2 (ABS-I: ABS-II: ABS-III), and that of sialic acid is also 3:1:2. Amino acid analyses of these proteins indicated that they have high contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine in common. PMID- 6542100 TI - Studies on perivitelline fluid of horseshoe crab embryo. I. Purification and properties of agglutinin from the perivitelline fluid of Tachypleus gigas embryo. AB - Agglutinin in the perivitelline fluid (PVF) of Tachypleus gigas, horseshoe crab, embryo was isolated and purified by a combination of affinity column chromatography on Sepharose 4B coupled with bovine submaxillary gland mucin and gel-filtration of Fractogel TSK (Toyopearl) HW-60 in Tris-NaCl-CaCl2 (0.05 M Tris HCl, pH 7.5, containing 0.5 M NaCl and 0.1 M CaCl2) buffer, containing 1 M urea. The specific activity of the purified protein was increased about 1,300 times in comparison with that of the starting material. The active protein was present in highly polymerized forms which were multimers of an identical subunit with a molecular weight of approximately 40,000 as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This agglutinin was shown to have multimeric activity towards different kinds of erythrocytes and its hemagglutinating activity was inhibited by N-acetylamino sugars and bovine submaxillary gland mucin containing sialic acid. Urea and guanidine-HCl inhibited the agglutinating activity but the activity recovered after dilution or dialysis, whereas the effect of HCl, NaOH, or 2-mercaptoethanol was irreversible. PMID- 6542102 TI - Subunit structure of sex-steroid-binding plasma proteins from man, cattle, dog, and rabbit. AB - Sex-steroid-binding plasma proteins (SBPs) of man, cattle, dog, and rabbit were purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential chromatography on testosterone-17 alpha-ethynylcarboxyaminoethyl Sepharose and hydroxyapatite. When subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, all the purified SBPs were resolved into two subunits, the relative amounts of which differed considerably from species to species. Two-dimensional electrophoresis according to O'Farrell also revealed that each subunit was further separable into several charged variants. The heavy subunit had somewhat more acidic molecular variants than the light subunit. One molecule of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was bound per dimer of the subunits. Dissociation constants of heavy and light homodimers of rabbit SBP were 3.3 and 4.9 nM, respectively. Polypeptide fragmentation patterns resulting from digestion of heavy and light subunits with protease V8 differed from species to species but resembled each other in each species. These results suggest that the native SBPs may exist as a homodimer of a single variant or a hybrid dimer composed of various combinations of light and heavy variants. PMID- 6542103 TI - Estradiol preferentially enhances extracellular tissue plasminogen activators of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. AB - MCF-7 human breast cancer cells secrete two immunologic types of plasminogen activator, one related to urokinase, the other unrelated. We have now examined whether estrogen stimulation of secreted plasminogen activator activity reflects an increase in one or both types. Examined semiquantitatively by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic zymography, the conditioned media of control cells were seen to contain a major activator band (Mr approximately 54,000) immunologically related to urokinase and a barely discernible doublet (Mr approximately 64,000 and Mr approximately 68,000). Addition of estradiol or, at much higher concentrations, testosterone led to marked enhancement of doublet activity, while the 54-kDa band was invariant. The 64-68-kDa doublet was immunoreactive with antiserum directed against Bowes melanoma tissue plasminogen activator but not with antiurokinase antibodies. Enhancement of doublet activity was correlated with hormone-induced increases in total secreted plasminogen activator activity. Neither progesterone nor dexamethasone increased total activity or the 64-68-kDa zones of lysis. Estradiol and testosterone alterations were blocked by appropriate concentrations of an estrogen antagonist (LY156758), actinomycin D, or cycloheximide. Regulation of MCF-7 cell-secreted tissue plasminogen activators thus appears to be mediated by an estrogen receptor process and to require sustained RNA and protein synthesis. PMID- 6542104 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of the A3 subunit of the glycinin seed storage protein of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill). AB - The amino acid sequence of the A3 subunit, an acidic subunit of the glycinin seed storage protein of the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), has been determined by sequence analysis of the peptides obtained by cyanogen bromide cleavage followed by enzymatic digestion and partial acid hydrolysis. The A3 subunit is composed of 410 amino acids (Mr approximately 46,000). It has been confirmed that there are conserved, repeated domains within the subunit. A comparison of the NH2-terminal sequence of the A4 subunit with the sequence of the A3 subunit reveals that a sequence highly homologous to the NH2-terminal sequence of the A4 subunit exists in internal regions of the A3 subunit. This suggests that the genes coding for the acidic subunits of glycinin are strongly related, and have the same evolutionary origin. PMID- 6542106 TI - Reformation of the marginal band of avian erythrocytes in vitro using calf-brain tubulin: peripheral determinants of microtubule form. AB - The microtubules of nucleated erythrocytes form an extraordinary structure: they are organized into a marginal band at the periphery of the cell. This unusual organelle, recurring in detail in each cell, provides an excellent opportunity to study the determinants of microtubule form. We have been able to reform the marginal band, using detergent-extracted erythrocytes that have been depleted of microtubules in vivo and phosphocellulose-purified tubulin from calf brain. We find that detergent-extracted cytoskeletons incubated under these conditions again have microtubules, and that the pattern of these microtubules recapitulates several features of the intact marginal band. In particular, most of the microtubules after regrowth are located in a band at the periphery of the cell, and curve to form an ellipse. These results support the hypothesis that the specification of microtubule location and shape in these cells is governed by determinants that reside at the periphery of the cell. PMID- 6542105 TI - Extracellular compartments in matrix morphogenesis: collagen fibril, bundle, and lamellar formation by corneal fibroblasts. AB - The regulation of collagen fibril, bundle, and lamella formation by the corneal fibroblasts, as well as the organization of these elements into an orthogonal stroma, was studied by transmission electron microscopy and high voltage electron microscopy. Transmission and high voltage electron microscopy of chick embryo corneas each demonstrated a series of unique extracellular compartments. Collagen fibrillogenesis occurred within small surface recesses. These small recesses usually contained between 5 and 12 collagen fibrils with typically mature diameters and constant intrafibrillar spacing. The lateral fusion of the recesses resulted in larger recesses and consequent formation of prominent cell surface foldings. Within these surface foldings, bundles that contained 50-100 collagen fibrils were formed. The surface foldings continued to fuse and the cell surface retracted, forming large surface-associated compartments in which bundles coalesced to form lamellae. High voltage electron microscopy of 0.5 micron sections cut parallel to the corneal surface revealed that the corneal fibroblasts and their processes had two major axes at approximately right angles to one another. The surface compartments involved in the production of the corneal stroma were aligned along the fibroblast axes and the orthogonality of the cell was in register with that of the extracellular matrix. In this manner, corneal fibroblasts formed collagen fibrils, bundles, and lamellae within a controlled environment and thereby determined the architecture of the corneal stroma by the configuration of the cell and its associated compartments. PMID- 6542107 TI - Assessing the reliability of epidemiologic data obtained from medical records. AB - We assessed the reliability of epidemiologic data extracted by three data technicians from the medical records of 102 patients in a case-control study. The collected data, which were extracted on two separate occasions, included such clinical and pharmaceutical features as history of lactation, hysterectomy, diabetes, and hypertension, type of menopause, and whether a women had ever used exogenous estrogens. Although we found high rates of intra- and interextractor agreement, some errors in excerpting and classifying data did occur, and were especially common in making distinctions between uncertain data (due to ambiguous or incomplete descriptions) and negative responses (indicating that a feature was truly absent). We were able to discern six distinctive sources of this variability, four in excerpting the data from the hospital record, and two in coding the excerpted data. As a result of these findings, strategies are proposed for improving the basic quality of data used in epidemiologic research. PMID- 6542108 TI - A morphologic observation on conduction system of familial idiopathic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6542109 TI - Furosemide inhibits glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes via direct inactivation of carrier proteins. AB - Furosemide inhibits 3-O-methyl-D-glucose equilibrium flux in isolated adipocytes. The inhibition is saturable with an increasing concentration of furosemide and shows a noncompetitive type of kinetics. Both basal and insulin-stimulated fluxes are equally affected by the inhibition. Hydrochlorothiazide and piretanide also inhibit the flux with a similar potency, whereas bumetanide, a more potent diuretic, is much less potent. To understand the molecular basis of this inhibition, effects of furosemide on the glucose-sensitive cytochaslasin B binding activities of adipocytes were studied. Furosemide inhibits the glucose sensitive cytochalasin B binding of both microsomal and plasma membrane preparations. For both preparations, the inhibition is time dependent and only slowly reversible, is saturable with an increasing concentration of furosemide, shows a noncompetitive type of kinetics with apparent Ki (the inhibitor concentration that gives the half-maximum effect) of 3.5 and 0.7 mM after 2 and 18 h incubation, respectively, and is essentially identical between the basal and insulin-stimulated adipocytes. The inhibition develops with a first-order rate constant of approximately 0.12/h at 4 degrees C. These results indicate that furosemide inhibits glucose transport in adipocytes by directly inactivating transport carriers of both plasma membranes and microsomal reserve pool. This inactivation of glucose carrier may play a part in the diuretic-induced glucose intolerance frequently observed during diuretic therapy. PMID- 6542111 TI - Physiological activation of plasminogen in full term newborn infants. AB - Plasminogen in full term newborn infants has been measured by functional and immunological assays. Plasminogen functional activity and antigen concentration in newborn infants were about 44% and 48% of adult values respectively. Physiological activation kinetics of plasminogen in undiluted plasma at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C using various concentrations of streptokinase and urokinase showed no significant difference in the rate of plasmin generation between plasminogen from newborn infants and adult plasminogen. These findings dispute the suggested existence of functional anomalies in plasminogen from full term newborn infants. PMID- 6542110 TI - Host granulomatous response in schistosomiasis mansoni. Antibody and cell mediated damage of parasite eggs in vitro. AB - In chronic schistosomiasis mansoni the major pathologic lesions are granulomas surrounding eggs deposited in host tissues. Parasite ova release antigenic material that sensitize the host, resulting in the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity granulomas. The objectives of the present study were to assess the ability of components of the host granulomatous response to induce biochemical and biologic alterations in eggs in vitro, and to correlate these with the capacity of ova to induce granulomas in vivo. An assay of egg tricarboxylic acid cycle activity was developed by use of 2-[14C]acetate as substrate and measurement of accumulation of released 14CO2. Addition of human granulocytes (96% neutrophils, 4% eosinophils) to eggs (cell/egg ratio 1,000:1) and heat-inactivated normal human serum reduced predicted egg 14CO2 generation by 15.6 +/- 3.0%. This effect was greater in the presence of sera of subjects with schistosomiasis (25.6 +/- 2.8% reduction) or when complement was present (24.4 +/ 4.0%). Autologous eosinophils and neutrophils were equally effective in decreasing egg 2-[14C]acetate metabolism (25.6 and 21.4% reductions, respectively). Since the biological role of schistosome eggs relates to their ability to hatch and produce miracidia, we evaluated the effect of granulocytes and sera on this function. The hatching rate of eggs incubated with normal serum was 52.8 +/- 3.3 miracidia/100 eggs; this value decreased to 37.0 +/- 2.6 when granulocytes were added (P less than 0.01). Granulocytes plus antibody- or complement-containing sera led to hatching rates of 23 and 20 miracidia/100 eggs. When ova were pre-incubated with granulocytes and various sera and injected into mice, the areas of egg-induced pulmonary granulomas measured 8 d later were reduced 32 to 45% as compared with lesions elicited by parasite eggs not exposed to granulocytes. Exposure of antigen-coated Sepharose beads to granulocytes and immune serum before injection into mice also led to a reduction in granuloma formation as compared with beads pre-incubated with serum alone. These data indicate that granulocytes in conjunction with antibodies and complement inflict biologically relevant toxic effects on eggs that are manifest in vivo by a decreased ability to elicit granulomas. PMID- 6542112 TI - Cystic mural nodule in cerebellar hemangioblastoma: CT demonstration. AB - An example of a form of cystic hemangioblastoma of the cerebellum in which the mural nodule itself showed a central cystic area is presented. Although the precise etiology of the cystic component within hemangioblastoma tumor nodules is not known, it probably results from tumor degeneration. Computed tomography is valuable in identifying this feature, which, if present, is very suggestive of the diagnosis of hemangioblastoma. Other diagnostically useful CT features of hemangioblastoma that were present in this case included location of the mural nodule adjacent to the nearest pial surface, isodensity of the nodule on the preinfusion scan, and very rapid circulation of contrast material through the wall of the nodule, demonstrated by dynamic CT technique. PMID- 6542113 TI - Heritability of lactation cell count measures and their relationships with milk yield and composition in Ayrshire cows. AB - Lactation measures of somatic cell count were calculated from monthly test-day observations (transformed to a log scale) taken between February 1977 and February 1981 in Ayrshire cows in 115 herds enrolled in the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service. Analyses were separate within three groups: 1137 first lactations, representing 37 sires; 1728 second and later lactations, representing 57 sires; and 2510 all lactations, representing 74 sires. Heritabilities of lactation measures were estimated from sire and error variances obtained by iterative minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation. Heritabilities ranged from .09 to .16 in first lactations and averaged .09 for the group of second and later lactations and .07 for all lactations. Genetic correlations of lactation measures of cell count with milk, fat, protein yield, fat percent, and protein percent averaged .36, .68, .74, .38, and .45, in first lactations; -.97, -.27, -.56, .52, and .03 in second and later lactations; and -.50, -.54, -.73, .43, and .19 in all lactations. Respective average phenotypic correlations were low and negative for milk, fat, protein yield, and fat percent and low and positive for protein percent. PMID- 6542114 TI - Prolactin concentration in milk and plasma of puerperal women and patients with galactorrhea. AB - Prolactin (PRL) concentration was estimated in milk and blood of women with various types of galactorrhea (n = 53) and was compared with lactating (n = 17) and normally menstruating women (n = 36). Mean milk (+/- SD) PRL concentration in lactating women (160 +/- 66 micrograms/l) was similar to that of galactorrhea due to pituitary adenoma (149 +/- 87 micrograms/l, n = 24), thyroid dysfunction (193 +/- 72 micrograms/l, n = 8), functional causes (192 +/- 91 micrograms/l, n = 10) or recent pregnancy (198 +/- 44 micrograms/l, n = 2), but higher than that of sex steroid-induced galactorrhea (85 +/- 53 micrograms/l, n = 9). Plasma PRL concentration in lactating women (208 +/- 102 micrograms/l) was higher than in normal control women (14 +/- 5 micrograms/l) and patients with galactorrhea due to thyroid dysfunction (36 +/- 15 micrograms/l), functional causes (16 +/- 8 micrograms/l), drugs (20 +/- 4 micrograms/l), recent pregnancy (22 +/- 3 micrograms/l) or pituitary adenoma (145 +/- 53 micrograms/l). The milk to plasma PRL concentration ratio was 0.8 +/- 0.4 in lactating women and 1.1 +/- 0.7 in patients with adenoma but significantly higher (p = 99% two-sided) in galactorrhea due to thyroid dysfunction (4.4 +/- 2.1), drugs (3.4 +/- 1.1) or functional causes (12.3 +/- 4.3). Bromocriptine administration reduced PRL in both fluids. It is concluded that in women with galactorrhea milk PRL concentration is similar to that of nursing mothers, but plasma levels of this hormone are significantly lower than that of the latter group in all but the pituitary adenoma related galactorrheas. PMID- 6542115 TI - Uptake of diethylcarbamazine by microfilariae and adults of Litomosoides carinii and Dipetalonema viteae. AB - Microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii and Dipetalonema viteae absorbed about ten times as much diethylcarbamazine (DEC) as did their adults, but bound much less. The higher uptake of DEC by the microfilariae might be related to the fact that DEC is microfilaricidal. Binding of DEC with the parasites supports the view that the microfilaricidal action begins with the fixation of the drug to the microfilariae. PMID- 6542116 TI - Activation in vitro of some biological systems by extracts of adult worms and microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis. AB - Extracts of Dirofilaria immitis adults and microfilariae cause the degranulation of mast cells in rat mesentery when applied in vitro and also cause increased vascular permeability in guinea-pigs and rabbits. Adult worms but not microfilariae are able to activate complement in vitro and both stages contain a plasminogen activator. No proteolytic activity or haemolysins could be detected in either stage. The possibility that these factors may be important in the pathogenesis of dirofilariasis and in the adverse drug reactions that may follow treatment of microfilaraemic animals with diethylcarbamazine is discussed. PMID- 6542117 TI - Stage-specific immunogens of Hymenolepis nana in mice. AB - Treatment with praziquantel at the beginning of the lumen phase of Hymenolepis nana in mice showed conclusively that: (i) the mouse given eggs of H. nana produces two separate immune responses against reinfection, one directed exclusively against the tissue phase of egg challenge (early response), the other against the lumen phase of cysticercoid challenge (late response); (ii) a tissue phase of egg inoculation is not necessary for initiating the late response but is necessary to provoke the early response; and (iii) H. nana expresses several stage-specific immunogens through its development in the mouse host. PMID- 6542118 TI - Studies of potential filaricides: Part 14--Activity of 1-iso-butoxycarbonyl-4 methylpiperazine against experimental filariasis. AB - The synthesis and filaricidal activity of 1-iso-butoxycarbonyl-4-methylpiperazine against Litomosoides carinii in Sigmodon hispidus and Dipetalonema viteae in Mastomys natalensis is reported. At an intraperitoneal or oral dose of 3 mg/kg given for 6 days, the compound removed 91% of the circulating microfilariae but had no effect on adult L. carinii. However, it killed all microfilariae and adults of D. viteae at a subcutaneous dose of 50 mg/kg given for 6 days. The compound also possessed chemoprophylactic activity against the larvae of L. carinii and D. viteae at a dose of 30 and 50 mg/kg respectively. PMID- 6542119 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic gonadotropin and their application to two-site sandwich radioimmunoassay. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). One monoclonal antibody recognized a conformational determinant expressed only on native HCG molecule and another monoclonal antibody had the specificity for the epitopes located on the beta-subunit of HCG. Monoclonal antibodies reacting with different antigenic determinants on the HCG molecule were used to develop a simplified 2-site sandwich radioimmunoassay in which one monoclonal antibody was immobilized and another labeled with 125iodine. This assay was highly specific for HCG and there was no cross-reactivity with alpha, beta-subunit of HCG, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. PMID- 6542120 TI - Can pseudomonas infection in experimental animals mimic Kawasaki's disease? AB - Experiments aimed at producing a model of Kawasaki's disease by injecting animals intraperitoneally with Pseudomonas bacilli are described. Injection of large numbers of bacilli into mice caused rapidly fatal sepsis. With appropriate numbers of organisms, some mice died within 3 days, most remained healthy, while in some an inapparent chronic disease developed. Positive blood cultures were occasionally obtained 4-17 weeks after the slow infection. An alcohol precipitable polysaccharide, which could be measured by Roe's procedure for levan, was found in 20% of the experimentally infected mice. We suggest that this substance was partly responsible for the course of the infection. Severe vasculitis with little acute inflammatory reaction and carditis with coronary aneurysms were often obtained by injecting mice and guinea-pigs with supraliminal doses of bacilli at the same time as their immune system was impaired by treatment with either nitrogen-mustard or cyclophosphamide. We suggest that pseudomonas infection in immunologically deficient animals may mimic Kawasaki's disease and that a similar mechanism may operate in the natural form of the disease in children. PMID- 6542121 TI - Infection with Brucella melitensis apparently acquired in the United Kingdom. AB - A patient with Brucella melitensis presented to a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. She had unusual clinical signs including polyarthropathy and a tender enlarged spleen. Her disease was apparently acquired in the United Kingdom. The clinical features and immunological aspects of brucellosis are discussed. PMID- 6542122 TI - [Bilateral testicular cancer of different histological types]. AB - Four cases are presented. The first cancer was in a non-seminomatous location while the second tumor was a seminoma in all four patients, one being of mixed origin. A literature review demonstrated reports on 30 similar cases. Biopsy of the contralateral testis to detect a possible cancer in situ in no way modifies treatment as a function of findings, these patients being followed up because of the first cancer. A possible role evaluated is that of chemotherapy for the first cancer, but this is unconfirmed and 30% of patients had not received chemotherapy. It is difficult to determine lymph node extension during development of the 2nd tumor if radiotherapy or lymph node resection has been performed. Assay of tumoral markers in spermatic veins blood is a useful exploration. Surveillance of these castrated patients, with frequently elevated LM, can be assisted by selective assay of beta-HCG. Therapy must be by chemotherapy, to replace lymph node excision and radiotherapy which cannot be repeated. PMID- 6542123 TI - Evolutionary dynamics of zero-sum games. AB - Aim model in terms of differential equations is used to explain mammalian ovulation control, in particular regulation for a prescribed number of mature eggs. PMID- 6542124 TI - Androgen-binding proteins in sheep epididymis: characterization of a cytoplasmic androgen receptor in the ram epididymis. AB - An androgen receptor (Rc) was demonstrated in caput, corpus and cauda epididymal cytosols of the ram. This receptor had a high affinity for 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (Kd = 5.2 X 10(-9) mol/l) and could be distinguished from the androgen-binding protein (ABP) by several characteristics. On polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, Rc had a mobility of 0.37 and ABP 0.61; Rc sedimented in the 9S region of a linear sucrose gradient whereas ABP migrated in the 4.3S region; the molecular weights were 192 000 and 90 000 for Rc and ABP; their isoelectric points were 5.7 and 4.8-5.0; they were proteinaceous components since they were destroyed by proteolytic enzymes and heating (50 degrees C for Rc and 60 degrees C for ABP); they exhibited different half-times of dissociation:20 h at 0 degree C for Rc and 6 min for ABP, which is in agreement with their respective physiological roles, intra- and extracellular transport of androgens. The content of Rc-binding sites in caput epididymis was 18, in corpus 4 and in cauda 22 fmol/mg protein. PMID- 6542125 TI - Androgen-binding proteins in sheep epididymis: age-related effects on androgen binding protein, cytosolic androgen receptor and testosterone concentrations. Correlations with histological studies. AB - The androgen-binding protein (ABP) and the cytosol androgen receptor (Rc) were measured in the epididymis of sheep aged 50, 120 and 200 days. Specific binding protein was not detected at 50 days (infantile); near puberty (120 days), ABP was more concentrated in caput and cauda epididymal cytosols (117 and 183 fmol/mg protein respectively) than in corpus (53 fmol/mg) although Rc levels were low (3 5 fmol/mg). In postpubertal rams (200 days), ABP and Rc concentrations were higher in caput and cauda than in corpus epididymis. Testosterone concentrations at 50 days were not statistically different along the epididymis and varied from 0.3 to 0.8 pmol/mg protein. In 120-day-old animals, testosterone was more concentrated in caput and corpus (0.45 and 0.41 pmol/mg) than in cauda (0.17 pmol/mg); at 200 days, the testosterone contents were low (0.10-0.17 pmol/mg) in all parts of the epididymis. A ten-fold increase in plasma testosterone concentrations was observed between 50 and 200 days (1.31 to 11.71 nmol/l). Histological studies of the epididymis in the three groups of animals showed that the cell differentiation started in the cauda where the principal epithelial cells were higher (47-56 micron) than in the caput (31-38 micron) at 50 days. The principal cells of the caput were two- to threefold higher in postpubertal rams than in infantile lambs, a finding which is correlated with the levels of ABP and Rc. This may suggest an important physiological role of this region in the induction of sperm maturation. PMID- 6542126 TI - Intracellular chloride activity and pH during polar lobe formation and cytokinesis in eggs and embryos of Ilyanassa obsoleta. AB - The objectives of this study were to compare membrane potential, intracellular chloride activity, and intracellular pH in unfertilized and fertilized eggs of Ilyanassa obsoleta throughout polar lobe formation and cytokinesis. Membrane potential, psi m, was measured with single- and double-barrel microelectrodes containing 3 M KCl. Chloride activity, (Cl)c, was measured with single-barrel, chloride-sensitive microelectrodes. Intracellular pH, pHc, was measured with double-barrel microelectrodes, utilizing an antimony-filled barrel to monitor pHc. Unfertilized eggs having a psi m of -13.7 mV displayed an average (Cl)c of 29.9 mM, whereas at electrochemical equilibrium, (Cl)ce, it would be 155.7 mM. This suggests that Cl is pumped out of the cell in eggs that are not fertilized. Fertilized eggs had a psi m of -78.2 mV and a (Cl)c of 18.6 mM. At electrochemical equilibrium, (Cl)ce would be 12.1 mM, thus suggesting that Cl is pumped into the cell in fertilized eggs. Double-barrel microelectrodes measured a psi m of -69.0 mV and a pHc of 7.3 in fertilized eggs. The psi m, (Cl)c, and pHc remained stable as fertilized eggs underwent the cellular shape changes involved in forming first, second, and third polar lobes and first cleavage. PMID- 6542127 TI - X-ray and NMR studies of trans-dihydroxo-platinum(IV) antitumor complexes. AB - Products from oxidative-addition reactions of H2O2 with cis-diamineplatinum(II) complexes have been studied by NMR and X-ray crystallography. Reaction of H2O2 with cis-diamminemalonatoplatinum(II) gave one product which was shown by X-ray crystallography to be the trans-dihydroxoplatinum(IV) complex: trans-dihydroxo cis-diamminemalonatoplatinum(IV) dihydrate, compound 1, triclinic, space group P1, a = 6.275, b = 8.801, c = 9.621 A, alpha = 106.73, beta = 107.17, gamma = 67.67 degrees. In contrast, reactions of H2O2 with the related 1,1 cyclobutanedicarboxylato and ethylmalonato-platinum(II) complexes gave two Pt(IV) products each with similar 195Pt chemical shifts (ca. 50 ppm apart) but different 1J(195Pt-14N) couplings of ca. 205 and 229 Hz. It is suggested that the different course of reaction for these complexes is related to destabilization of the boat conformation of the chelate ring in hydroxoplatinum(IV) complexes containing substituted malonates as shown by empirical energy calculations. The crystal structures of two other related Pt(IV) complexes are reported: cis-dichloro-trans dihydroxo-cis-bis(methylamine)platinum(IV) tetrahydrate, compound 2, monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 17.746, b = 7.460 and c = 9.248 A, beta = 94.33 degrees, and cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxo-cis-bis(3-methoxy-n-propylamine)pl Platinum(IV), compound 3, triclinic, space group P1, a = 7.559, b = 8.407, c = 13.168 A, alpha = 105.57, beta = 105.50, gamma = 93.05 degrees. All coordination geometries were closely octahedral and there were extensive three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding networks in the crystals involving amine NH, OH, Cl, or carboxylate O, and lattice H2O. PMID- 6542128 TI - Ultrastructure of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. I. Weibel-Palade bodies and stromal cell histogenesis. AB - Ultrastructural study of three cases of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma demonstrated three major component cells: endothelial cells, pericytes and stromal cells. The stromal cells exhibited ultrastructural features reminiscent of the endothelial cells. Weibel-Palade bodies, cylindrical cytoplasmic organelles specific to endothelial cells, were found in the endothelial cells and stromal cells, but not in the pericytes. The finding supported the concept that stromal cells are closely related to endothelial cells and are likely derived from the angiogenic mesenchymal cells. Since von Willebrand protein has been shown to be concentrated in Weibel-Palade bodies, the finding of these bodies in the stromal cells provided a morphological evidence for the immunocytochemical expression of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor of the stromal cells in those cases in which it has been reported. PMID- 6542129 TI - Ultrastructure of paired helical filaments of Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangle. AB - Isolated paired helical filaments (PHF) of Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (AD/SDAT) were studied by negative stain techniques and electron microscopy (EM). The helical structure of the PHF was confirmed by tilt analysis of negatively stained isolated PHF. A substructure of four protofilaments, each 3-5 nm in diameter, was also observed. A comparison of PHF substructure, neurofilaments and microtubules, revealed no similarity among the three structures. PMID- 6542130 TI - Neural control of hatching: fate of the pattern generator for the leg movements of hatching in post-hatching chicks. AB - Chicks from 0 to 61 days post-hatching were gently folded into the hatching position and placed in artificial glass eggs. Within 0 to 2 min they began to produce a behavior that qualitatively resembled normal hatching. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of electromyographic records showed that under these conditions the intralimb and interlimb leg motor output patterns produced during each hatching episode (the episode motor program) were those typical of normal hatching. The only major change associated with increasing post-hatching age was a gradual increase in inter-episode interval. Therefore, we conclude that the neural pattern-generating circuitry which produces the motor program for the leg movements of hatching remains functional in post-hatching chicks despite the fact that, under normal conditions, hatching behavior is never used again. PMID- 6542131 TI - Thromboxane synthetase inhibition in acute focal cerebral ischemia in cats. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of a selective thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthetase inhibitor (TSI) upon the evolution of cerebral infarction in the cat. Adult cats, lightly anesthetized with nitrous oxide, underwent right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion for 4 hours followed by a 2-hour period of reperfusion before sacrifice. Ten cats received 3 mg/kg TSI intravenously immediately before, and 10 cats received 3 mg/kg TSI intravenously immediately after MCA occlusion. Ten cats were used as controls receiving no treatment. The bleeding time was determined at baseline and at the end of each experiment. Electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings were obtained before and after MCA clipping and MCA release, and at hourly intervals thereafter. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured using the xenon-133 (133Xe) clearance technique before and after MCA occlusion, after MCA reopening, and before terminating each experiment. Thirty minutes before each cat was sacrificed, Evans blue dye and sodium fluorescein were given intravenously. The animals were then perfused with colloidal carbon and the brains removed and evaluated for midline shift. Evans blue dye and sodium fluorescein extravasation, carbon staining, and infarct size. The bleeding time, arterial blood pressure, rCBF changes, brain swelling, and vital dye extravasation were not statistically different between the three treatment groups. The EEG changes, carbon staining, and infarct size differences between the three groups also failed to reach statistical significance, but there was a suggestion that these parameters were adversely affected in the cats pretreated with TSI. Ten additional cats undergoing MCA occlusion and reperfusion were used for pharmacological studies. Five of them received 3 mg/kg TSI intravenously immediately after MCA occlusion, and serial drug and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) levels (a stable metabolite of TXA2) were determined. Another five cats were not treated and serial TXB2 levels were obtained. Production of TXA2 was inhibited by 95% in cats receiving TSI. In conclusion, thromboxane synthetase inhibition failed to modify favorably the evolution of cerebral infarction. When TSI was given before MCA occlusion, cerebral infarction tended to be more extensive. PMID- 6542132 TI - Nutritional improvement of soy flour. AB - Heating soy flour at 45 degrees C in pH 8.5 Tris buffer for 1 hour in the presence of cysteine or N-acetylcysteine followed by dialysis to remove unreacted thiols resulted in the introduction of new half-cystine residues and lowered trypsin inhibitor content from 37.5 to 6.8 or 4.8 mg/g, respectively, compared to only 14.8 mg/g in the absence of sulfhydryl compounds. Presence of cysteine or N acetylcysteine during treatment increased protein efficiency ratio (PER) from 0.95 to 2.01 or 2.20, respectively. Corresponding values at 65 degrees C are 1.61, 2.43 and 2.02; and at 75 degrees C, 2.14, 2.53 and 3.19, respectively. Proteins are modified through formation of mixed disulfide bonds, which leads to loss of inhibitory activity and increased protein digestibility and nutritive value. PMID- 6542133 TI - Growth hormone treatment and somatomedin-C levels. PMID- 6542134 TI - Turner syndrome resulting from partial deletion of Y chromosome short arm: localization of male determinants. AB - Chromosome studies performed because of the possibility of Turner syndrome in an infant girl with pedal edema and mild neck webbing revealed an XY karyotype. Subsequent exploratory laparotomy showed dysplastic ovaries with nests of germ cells with the morphologic features of gonadoblastoma. Repeat chromosome studies from peripheral blood using high-resolution techniques, and also from skin and ovarian fibroblasts, showed an XY karyotype but with a partial deletion of the Y short arm, which was not detected with standard techniques. These findings indicate that testis determining factors are located in this deleted region of the Y chromosome but that other gene(s) remain that induce gonadoblastoma. PMID- 6542135 TI - Broviac catheter-related Malassezia furfur sepsis in five infants receiving intravenous fat emulsions. AB - Malassezia furfur, a lipophilic fungus commonly found on the skin of healthy adult, was isolated from Broviac catheter blood cultures in five sick infants who were receiving fat emulsions intravenously. The most common manifestations of sepsis included apnea and bradycardia, low-grade fever, interstitial pneumonia, elevated neutrophil band counts, and thrombocytopenia. All infants recovered without antifungal therapy after removal of the Broviac catheters. Early onset of fungemia after catheter placement in these five infants and the recovery of M. furfur from the skin of nearly 33% of hospitalized premature neonates indicate that contamination of the Broviac catheter at time of placement may be the most likely origin of infection. PMID- 6542136 TI - Traditional and modern health professionals and breast-feeding in the Philippines. AB - We analyze a survey designed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of 1,298 Filipino health professionals towards breast-feeding. Some of the issues examined are the benefits of breast-feeding, the psychophysiology of lactation, contraindications to breast-feeding, and the effects of drugs and contraceptives on lactation. We found a fairly low level of knowledge about breast-feeding, particularly of health contraindications. PMID- 6542137 TI - Treatment of retinoblastoma with argon laser photocoagulation. AB - Treatment of retinoblastoma with argon laser photocoagulation in a five-month-old boy is described. His right eye had been enucleated for a large retinoblastoma. A small lesion in the left eye was successfully treated with argon laser. The patient has retained good vision without any complication and there has been no evidence of recurrence for four years. PMID- 6542138 TI - [Pharmacological effects of the powder from Curucuma zedoaria Roscoe on the gastrointestinal tract of experimental animals]. PMID- 6542139 TI - Pharmacokinetics of fostedil, a new calcium antagonist, in beagle dogs following oral and intravenous administration. AB - Twelve adult beagle dogs received both an oral and intravenous dose (12 mg/kg) of fostedil in a cross-over design. The plasma levels and urinary excretion of intact fostedil were measured, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of the drug were defined. The results indicate that fostedil was at least 68% bioavailable after an oral dose given as a suspension or solution. The terminal half-life was about 7-8 h. The in vitro protein binding, at concentrations of 0.1-100 micrograms/mL, ranged from 95 to 97%. The binding was not concentration dependent, and saturation of the binding sites was not apparent at concentrations up to 100 micrograms/mL. Excretion of unchanged drug from the kidneys accounted for only a small percentage of drug clearance. PMID- 6542140 TI - Protective effect of organic cation transport inhibitors on cis diamminedichloroplatinum-induced nephrotoxicity. AB - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is a frequently used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Nephrotoxicity is a serious dose-limiting side effect. Many approaches have been studied for protective action against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, but with the exception of diuretics and hydration none are in widespread use. We have used a modified Sperber technique in unanesthetized hens to examine the effect of cisplatin on renal organic cation and anion transport and on renal morphology. The effects of the organic cation transport inhibitors quinine and cyanine on cisplatin-induced toxicity also were evaluated. Administration of cisplatin (3.0 mg/kg i.v.) produced nephrotoxic and lethal effects. Four days after cisplatin administration there was a significant inhibition of renal tubular excretory transport of the organic cation tetraethylammonium and the organic anion p-aminohippuric acid. Acute multifocal tubular necrosis of the proximal tubules was present. Administration of quinine (1.5 mumol/min) and cyanine (0.122 mumol/min) protected against the lethal effects, the inhibition of renal organic cation and anion transport and the renal lesions induced by cisplatin. PMID- 6542141 TI - Anencephaly: a retrospective analysis in Singapore. 1976 to 1980. AB - Records of 93 cases of anencephaly from three maternity hospitals in Singapore between 1976 and 1980 were analysed. The incidence was 0.54 per 1000 births. No significant correlation between anencephaly and local seasonal conditions could be found for Singapore. PMID- 6542142 TI - Deleted X chromosomes in patients with the fragile X syndrome. PMID- 6542143 TI - Forskolin increases osmotic water permeability of rabbit cortical collecting tubule. AB - Forskolin is a unique diterpene that may directly activate the catalytic subunit of adenylate cyclase. We therefore examined the effect of 50 microM forskolin on osmotic water permeability in rabbit cortical collecting tubules perfused in vitro. Forskolin increased net volume flux (Jv, from 0.30 to 1.22 nl/mm/min, P less than 0.02) in all tubules. The hydro-osmotic effect of forskolin was similar with respect to magnitude and time course to that produced by a maximal dose (250 microU/ml) of arginine vasopressin. An additive effect on Jv and Lp was not observed when maximal concentrations of forskolin and arginine vasopressin were given simultaneously. The compound d(CH2)5Tyr(Et) VAVP, which noncompetitively inhibits the vasopressin receptor, significantly reduced collecting tubular hydro osmotic response to arginine vasopressin. In contrast, the hydro-osmotic response to forskolin was maintained in the presence of d(CH2)5 Tyr(Et)VAVP. However, the hydro-osmotic response to forskolin could be inhibited by 1.0 microM guanine 5' (beta,gamma-imido) triphosphate (GppNHp) and by the calmodulin inhibitor N-(6 aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7). These results demonstrate that forskolin exerts an hydro-osmotic effect in the mammalian nephron which occurs independent of the vasopressin receptor. Guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins may modulate the osmotic water permeability effect of forskolin. Finally, calmodulin is required for full expression of the effect of forskolin to increase osmotic water flux. PMID- 6542144 TI - Hexose regulation of sodium-hexose transport in LLC-PK1 epithelia: the nature of the signal. AB - We have shown previously that the concentration of glucose in the growth medium regulates sodium-coupled hexose transport in epithelia formed by the porcine renal cell line LLC-PK1. Assayed in physiological salt solution, the ratio of the concentration of alpha-methyl glucoside (AMG) accumulated inside the cell at steady state to its concentration outside, and the number of glucose transporters, as measured by phlorizin binding, was inversely related to the glucose concentration in the growth medium. In this study, using a cloned line of LLC-PK1 cells, we provide evidence that the difference in AMG concentrating capacity is the result of a regulatory signal and not simply due to a selection process where the growth of cells with enhanced glucose transport is favored by low glucose medium or vice-versa. By adding glucose to conditioned medium (collected after 48 hr incubation with cells and therefore containing less than 0.1 mM glucose), we demonstrate that the signal in the growth medium is indeed the concentration of glucose rather than another factor secreted into or depleted from the medium. Fructose and mannose, two sugars not transported by the sodium dependent glucose transporter, can substitute for glucose as a carbohydrate source in the growth medium and have a modest glucose-like effect on the transporter. Growth in medium containing AMG does not affect the transporter, indicating that the regulatory signal is not a direct effect of the hexose on its carrier but involves hexose metabolism. PMID- 6542145 TI - Lattice parameters as revealed by electron microscopy and a comparison between lipoprotein crystals from cyclostome eggs formed in vivo and in vitro. AB - Electron diffraction of in vitro-grown lipoprotein crystals from cyclostome eggs (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis) has revealed lattice parameters (a = 19.4 nm, b = 8.9 nm, c = 8.9 nm, beta = 103.4 degrees; apparent symmetry C2 at 3 nm resolution) that were very close to those determined by X-ray diffraction in the same specimen and to others determined by the same electron microscope method in five cyclostome species (in-vivo crystals). Electron imaging has shown all investigated lipoprotein crystals to present similar views projected down the principal crystal axes. Electron diffraction of embedded and heavy-metal-treated lipoprotein crystals is a rapid procedure and a useful low-angle extension to X ray diffraction. PMID- 6542146 TI - Effects of dietary hexachlorobenzene exposure on regional brain biogenic amine concentrations in mink and European ferrets. AB - In the initial trial, adult mink and ferrets were administered hexachlorobenzene (HCB) via the feed at concentrations of 1, 5, or 25 ppm for 47 wk. Animals receiving 125 and 625 ppm HCB in the diet died before termination of the experiment, with female ferrets at the 125 ppm level displaying abnormal aggressiveness and hyperexcitability just prior to death. Hypothalamic serotonin (5-HT) was significantly elevated at all dose levels in mink, and cerebellar 5-HT was significantly elevated at 1 ppm in the ferret. Regional brain biogenic amine concentrations were also determined in the offspring of the female mink that were administered 1 and 5 ppm HCB. Hypothalamic dopamine (DA) concentrations were significantly depressed by 1 and 5 ppm in these kits. In a second study, adult male and female ferrets were administered 250 or 500 ppm HCB via the diet for 7 wk. Two animals at the 250-ppm level and 3 animals at the 500-ppm level died before termination of the experiment without showing behavioral changes. Of the remaining animals, 3 ferrets at 250 ppm and 1 ferret at 500 ppm showed slight aggressiveness and hyperexcitability during the last week of the experiment. Concentrations of 5-HT were significantly elevated at 500 ppm in the cerebral hemispheres and at 250 ppm in the midbrain of male ferrets, while in the females, 5-HT was elevated in the cerebral hemispheres at 250 ppm and in the hypothalamus at both 250 and 500 ppm. Norepinephrine (NE) concentrations were significantly elevated in the cerebellum of males exposed to 250 and 500 ppm, as were NE concentrations in the midbrain. HCB at 500 ppm caused a significant increase in medullary NE, while 250 ppm caused an increase in hypothalamic NE in males. The only change in regional brain dopamine (DA) concentrations occurred at 500 ppm HCB in the midbrain of males, where there was a significant elevation of this neurotransmitter. PMID- 6542147 TI - Gangliosides minimize behavioral deficits and enhance structural repair after brain injury. AB - Injections of GM1-gangliosides (30 mg/kg, i.p.) in adult rats were shown to reduce behavioral deficits after brain lesions. This was observed (1) after bilateral electrolytic lesions of the caudate nucleus in a learning task involving negative reinforcement; (2) following aspiration lesions of the mediofrontal cortex in a learning task involving positive reinforcement; and (3) when rotational behavior was assessed after amphetamine or apomorphine injections in animals with partial hemitransections of the nigro-striato-nigral fibers. A detailed anatomical analysis of the latter study, using a retrograde tract tracing dye wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), provided evidence for ganglioside-stimulated, neuronal reorganization of connections to the caudate nucleus. Our findings support the notion that gangliosides reduce behavioral deficits following brain injury by preventing secondary neuronal degeneration and/or enhancing structural reorganization of remaining afferents, rather than by influencing denervation supersensitivity. PMID- 6542148 TI - The effect of a low pH on the membrane skeleton of the erythrocyte ghost. AB - The effects of an acidic pH on the membrane skeleton of erythrocyte ghosts has been investigated by negative staining and thin-section methods. At neutral pH the membrane skeleton consisted of 6-7 nm wide filaments uniformly dispersed on the inner membrane surface. At pH 5.0 the filaments fused to form a coarse network with thick strands and large areas of membrane devoid of filaments. These changes were completely reversible in many cells. They can probably account for the clustering of surface anionic sites and membranous particles which occur at a low pH and may play a role in other related events such as the change in shape of the cell and increased membrane stiffness. PMID- 6542149 TI - Ultrastructural study on the stapes and skin in a case of type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta. AB - The results of the ultrastructural study carried out on the stapes and skin from a patient affected by type I Osteogenesis Imperfecta showed the presence of structural alterations of collagenic component. In the stapes the size, the stability and the tridimensional organization of collagen fibrils were affected. In the skin, a reduction of polymeric collagen was observed, chiefly in reticular dermis. The quantitative analysis of the size of collagen fibrils showed that only the collagen fibrils of papillary dermis were significantly thinner than normal. The electron microscope study of the periodic structure of collagen fibrils isolated from the dermis and submitted to negative or positive contrast or to glutaraldehyde fixation, before being negatively stained, showed no significative differences with the controls. These results agree with previous biochemical studies and indicate that both the stability and the processes of growth regulation of collagen fibers and fibrils are affected in this form of the disease, whereas the molecular assembly within the fibrils is normal. PMID- 6542150 TI - Time separation between cough pulses in bladder, rectum and urethra in women. AB - Time separations between cough pulses detected by microtip transducer catheters in bladder, urethra and rectum were studied in 10 healthy female volunteers, 10 genuine stress incontinents, 10 motor urge incontinents and 9 motor urge incontinents after bladder retraining. From the measurements that could be analyzed in the group of volunteers, 25 per cent showed a significant advanced onset of the pressure rise in the urethra and 50 per cent a prolonged duration of the urethral cough pulses. None demonstrated delayed onset or shortened duration compared to the vesical pulses. In the genuine stress incontinent group none of the women had an advanced urethral start whilst the motor urge incontinents had figures somewhere in between, except for a remarkable prolonged duration of the urethral cough pulse in the bladder retrained women. The data obtained can be explained by introducing, besides the passive transmission of abdominal pressure, a 2nd component actively engaged in maintaining continence. PMID- 6542151 TI - Progression from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy to typical dilated cardiomyopathy-like features in the end stage. AB - An autopsied patient who had shown typical dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)-like feature in the end stage of familial obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is presented. The patient, a 38-year-old male, had 2 sisters with HCM. Six years before death, the echocardiogram revealed marked asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) with systolic anterior motion (SAM). The ventricular septum (VS) to left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) ratio was 19 mm/10 mm and LVEDd was 47 mm. Subsequently, the signs and symptoms of congestive heart failure became progressively worse and DCM-like findings appeared insidiously. Two months before death, the echocardiogram revealed LV dilatation (LVEDd = 55 mm) with diffuse poor contraction, no ASH (VS/LVPW = 7 mm/9 mm) and no SAM. At autopsy, the heart weighed 480g and showed dilated LV hypertrophy with normal wall thickness (VS/LVPW = 9 mm/13 mm). Massive fibrosis (30% in the VS), diffuse disarray (18% in the VS) and severe narrowing of the intramural small arteries and arterioles were found in the middle and outer thirds of the VS and the anterior LV wall. The extramural coronary arteries were not stenosed. The insidious progression from HCM to typical DCM-like feature related to the chronic progression of necrosis and massive fibrosis, due to severe stenosis of the intramural coronary artery. The data indicate that patients diagnosed clinically as DCM may be HCM, especially in those with family history of HCM. PMID- 6542152 TI - [Optimal dose of PGE1 in the rat mesentery against vasoconstrictive effect of norepinephrine]. PMID- 6542153 TI - Combined echo-apexcardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in cardiomyopathy. AB - Eleven patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) and 9 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM) were studied to determine the usefulness of mean normalized velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (VCFS), mean normalized velocity of circumferential fiber lengthening (VCFL) and left ventricular diastolic distensibility obtained noninvasively from combined recordings of simultaneously calibrated left apex cardiogram and M-mode echogram. Twenty-two normal subjects were similarly investigated and served as a control. In HOCM VCFS were increased (1.83 +/- 0.2 s-1 versus 1.22 +/- 0.1 s-1 for controls, p less than 0.02) and both VCFL and diastolic distensibility were decreased (VCFL: 0.50 +/- 0.1 s-1 versus 1.32 s-1 in controls, p less than 0.001; diastolic distensibility: 0.03 +/- 0.004 cm/mmHg-1 compared with 0.18 +/- 0.003 cm/mmHg-1 for controls, p less than 0.001). In COCM all investigated indexes were diminished (VCFS: 0.49 +/- 0.1 s-1 versus 1.22 +/- 0.1 s-1 for controls, p less than 0.001; VCFL: 0.70 +/- 0.1 s-1 versus 1.32 +/- 0.1 s-1 in controls, p less than 0.01 and diastolic distensibility: 0.05 +/- 0.003 cm/mmHg-1 compared with 0.18 +/- 0.003 cm/mmHg-1 for controls, p less than 0.01). The echo apexcardiographic indexes were significantly correlated with many analogous invasive indexes. It is concluded that the value of both M-mode echocardiography and calibrated apex cardiography is enchanced by a combination of the two methods which opens the possibility of a fresh approach to the noninvasive study of cardiac performance in cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6542155 TI - [Case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Successful treatment with ticlopidine]. PMID- 6542154 TI - [Tissue plasminogen activator]. PMID- 6542156 TI - Water-immersion stress induces mucosal ischemia due to thromboxane A2-like substance and ulcer formation in rats. PMID- 6542158 TI - [Drugs and breast feeding]. PMID- 6542157 TI - [Studies on human natural killer (NK) cell activity against cell lines derived from malignant urinary tract tumors. Part 3: Effects of OK432 on human NK cell activity and proliferation of tumor cells]. PMID- 6542159 TI - [Retinal detachment caused by laser coagulation of the fundus oculi]. PMID- 6542160 TI - [Retinal detachment in children treated in the Ophthalmological Department of the Children's Health Center]. PMID- 6542162 TI - Congenital malformations in Toa Payoh Hospital. PMID- 6542161 TI - [Monozygotic twins with Klinefelter syndrome (concordant) and systemic lupus erythematodes (discordant)]. AB - Monozygotic twins, both with Klinefelter's syndrome, are presented. One of them had clinical and serological evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), whereas the other did not show any immunological disorder. In relation to this case of discordant SLE the role played by exogenous factors in triggering the manifestation of this autoimmune disease under a certain genetic predisposition is discussed. PMID- 6542163 TI - Distribution and utilization of alcohol-derived acetate in the rat. AB - The metabolism of endogenous and alcohol-derived acetate was studied in intact male Wistar rats. Acute alcohol administration increased the concentration of acetate in the hepatic vein from 0.3 to 2.2 mM, in the hepatic portal vein from 0.6 to 1.2 mM, and in arterial blood from 0.2 to 1.0 mM. These effects were almost independent of the alcohol dose. The blood acetate levels remained elevated during the course of alcohol oxidation but rapidly returned to endogenous levels when alcohol oxidation terminated. In hepatic tissue, a slight trend toward higher acetate level with increasing alcohol doses was observed. No significant adaptation to acetate metabolism was observed in rats examined after 7 weeks of forced alcohol consumption. The highest endogenous acetate concentration was observed in heart muscle (0.7 mumol/g), and this concentration was not influenced by alcohol in spite of a fourfold increase in the concentration in arterial blood, demonstrating the high capacity of heart muscle to produce and utilize acetate. PMID- 6542164 TI - [Urology]. AB - Open renal surgery for calculous disease replaced by percutaneous and shock-wave methods. Oncology: Modified lymphadenectomy for testicular tumors and initial chemotherapy for stage III seminoma; potency preserving treatment of early prostatic cancer by modified surgery or interstitial implants. GNRH-analogues for pharmacological castration: conservative attitude towards renal and urethral trauma. Prostheses for urinary incontinence and impotence. PMID- 6542165 TI - [Endonasal surgical technic with the argon laser]. AB - A unit consisting of an argon-ion-laser, a flexible beam guide system and a probe for endonasal lasersurgical applications is described. The instrument has been used successfully for several years. Endonasal lasersurgical techniques are described. Pathological tissue can be coagulated or carbonised in the form of a point or a line. In particular, lasersurgical techniques are described for surgery of the lower turbinates, for coagulation of Little's area in case of chronical nose bleeding, for coagulation or carbonisation of teleangiectasia in case of Morbus Rendu-Weber-Osler, for production of a nasoantral window, and for other applications. PMID- 6542166 TI - Treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia by Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation. AB - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber disease) is an inherited abnormality of the vasculature characterized by abnormal subepidermal vessels. Frequent, sometimes severe, epistaxis often requiring blood transfusions is present in most patients. Septal dermatoplasty and estrogen have proved to be the most successful therapies. However, the frequency of failure in treatment has stimulated a search for an alternative therapy. The Nd-YAG laser was used at low power settings (20-25 W) to treat 6 patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, all of whom had been treated previously using other modalities. Laser photocoagulation diminished the frequency and severity of hemorrhage in 5 of 6 patients without complications (6 to 9 month follow-up period). The Nd-YAG laser may be used repeatedly when new accessible lesions arise, and it appears to be a useful therapeutic option for this disease that is difficult to treat. PMID- 6542167 TI - Laser surgery for soft tissue purulent diseases. AB - The original techniques of soft-tissue purulent lesion treatment by means of a continuous-wave CO2 laser are elaborated. The following laser treatment advantages--minimal tissue damage, prophylaxis of local dissemination of infection, haemostatic and sterilizing effects--have been proved experimentally. Laser utilization in clinical trial (360 cases) made it possible to obtain significantly improved outcomes and marked shortening of treatment. PMID- 6542168 TI - Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid reverses hypertension induced in rats by diets rich in saturated fat. AB - This study has shown that hypertension induced in rats by a diet rich in saturated fat (16% coconut oil, 4% palmitic acid by weight) is reversed by the addition of the essential fatty acid, dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHLA), at 5.0% but not at 0.5% of dietary energy. This potent effect of DHLA has been attributed to modulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 6542169 TI - Pre- or postmenstrual syndrome? PMID- 6542170 TI - Premenstrual or postmenstrual syndrome? PMID- 6542171 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies against tryptophanyl-tRNA-synthetase]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies designated as Am1 and Am2 were prepared against purified beef pancreas tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.2). Both antibodies were able to bind the native enzyme in a solid-phase assay and to precipitate enzyme activity in immune complexes. Am2 inhibited the tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase activity in ATP-[32P]pyrophosphate exchange and in tRNATrp aminoacylation reactions; Am1 had no influence on both the enzyme activity and the inhibiting action of Am2. Only Am2, not Am1, bound elastase-modified form of the enzyme which consists of two subunits shortened by 20 000 daltons from the N-end of the molecule. These results were interpreted as an evidence for non-overlapping of Am1 and Am2 antigenic determinants along the polypeptide chains of the enzyme. PMID- 6542173 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 52-1984. An 86-year-old woman with chronic facial swelling. PMID- 6542172 TI - Introduction, stable integration, and controlled expression of a chimeric adenovirus gene whose product is toxic to the recipient human cell. AB - The DNA-binding protein (DBP) encoded by human adenoviruses is a multifunctional polypeptide which plays a central role in regulating the expression of the viral genes. To gain a better understanding of the relationships between the various functions provided by DBP, an extensive collection of DBP mutants is essential. To this end we have constructed several permissive human cell lines which contain and express the DBP gene at high levels to allow propagation of otherwise lethal, nonrecoverable mutants of DBP. Because DBP is toxic to human cells, cell lines were constructed by using a vector in which the DBP gene is under the control of the dexamethasone-inducible promoter of the mouse mammary tumor virus. The low basal levels of DBP synthesis in the absence of dexamethasone allows isolation and propagation of these cells. Addition of dexamethasone enhances DBP production 50- to 200-fold, and within 8 h its synthesis from the single integrated copy of the chimeric gene is 5 to 15% of that observed during peak DBP synthesis in infected human cells in which hundreds of copies of the DBP gene serve as templates. At the nonpermissive temperature, adenovirus mutants with ts lesions in the DBP gene replicate their DNAs, express their late genes, and form infectious viral particles in these DBP+ cell lines but not in the parental HeLa cells. PMID- 6542174 TI - Male sexual differentiation in mice lacking H-Y antigen. AB - The sexual phenotype of an adult mammal depends on whether the fetal gonad has differentiated as a testis or as an ovary. Because individuals of XY or XXY sex chromosome constitution develop as males, while XX and XO individuals develop as females, the presence of a Y chromosome seems normally to be required for testis differentiation and its absence to be necessary for differentiation of an ovary. The nature of the hypothetical Y-dependent substance responsible for masculinization of the indifferent gonad has been a matter for debate. A male specific transplantation antigen, H-Y, has been known for many years and more recently a serologically detected antigen, also male-specific, has been reported. Those who believe that the two are antigenically distinct refer to the latter as SDM (serologically detected male) antigen, but many refer to both as H-Y antigen. The hypothesis that H-Y is itself the Y-dependent testis inducer, although supported by little or no direct evidence, is economical and hence attractive. H Y antigen is frequently stated to be the substance responsible for primary sex determination (for example, see ref. 11). We report here that H-Y is absent from certain mice that develop testes and are of indisputably male phenotype, hence this transplantation antigen is unlikely to be responsible for testis determination. PMID- 6542175 TI - Inheritance of stereotyped gibbon calls. AB - Little is known about how vocal patterns develop in non-human primates, mainly because suitable controlled experiments are difficult to carry out on these animals. Results of isolation experiments and observations of interspecific hybrids suggest no greater role for vocal learning than exists in many other vertebrates, and less than has been found in birds. We have now studied vocal patterns of hybrids between white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) and pileated gibbons (Hylobates pileatus) in natural mixed-species groups, in a zone of interspecies contact in central Thailand, and in some captive mixed-species groups. We find that in female hybrids, the patterns of the loud and stereotyped 'great-calls' show no evidence of learning from parents, and appear to be under strong genetic control. Daughters maturing in groups with genetically unlike parents develop great-calls unlike those of their mothers, even though these calls develop only while the daughters sing simultaneously with their mothers. PMID- 6542176 TI - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or Moschcowitz syndrome]. PMID- 6542177 TI - [Liver cell damage in pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6542178 TI - Cinematographic study of the effects of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum on mouse L cells. AB - Cells of mouse fibroblasts line L were grown one hour in the presence of cisplatin. Their fate was then followed by time-lapse microcinematography during six days. Up to the concentration 3.2 mumol 1(-1) there was little effect observed. Higher concentrations induced prolongation of mitosis and interphase, finally resulting in non-cycling cells with complete and persistent division arrest at 25 mumol 1(-1). After 72 hours following the treatment the cellular and nuclear volumes in non-cycling cells began to grow progressively. The mobility and the ruffling activity of the cell membrane were unaltered. Thus, energy generation, the function of the cytoskeleton, and synthetic processes seemed unchanged. The effect of cisplatin is cytostatic rather than cytotoxic. PMID- 6542179 TI - Comparison of saphir infrared coagulation and YAG-laser in the surgery of parenchymatous organs: an experimental study. AB - In an experimental study the efficiency of infrared coagulation and the neodymium yttrium-aluminium and garnet laser (YAG-laser) were compared in operations on the liver, spleen and kidney in the dog. In surgery of the liver, both the YAG-laser and infrared coagulation gave good results. In surgery of the spleen, results with infrared coagulation were excellent, allowing extensive transections and partial resections. Kidney surgery was unsuccessful with either method. Our results are consistent with comparable clinical experience, in that infrared contact coagulation is extremely useful in surgery of the spleen. PMID- 6542180 TI - Perforated duodenal ulcer in a six-month-old quadruplet baby. PMID- 6542181 TI - [Behcet's disease. I. Clinical and histopathological aspects]. AB - Behcet disease is characterised by a triple symptom picture (genital and oral aphthae, ocular lesions) named after the Turkish dermatologist, Hulusi Behcet. It is found all over the world, but is particularly frequent in Japan and the Mediterranean basin. Adult males are primarily affected. The classic symptomatological triad may be accompanied by other manifestations involving the skin (hypersensitivity to microtrauma is a peculiar feature), joints, nervous system, gastroenteric system, cardiovascular system (phlebitis, phlebothrombosis), lungs and kidneys. There is a chronic course marked by periods of exacerbation and remission, which may last for years. Diagnosis is clinical only, since neither the laboratory data nor the histopathological signs of vasculitis are truly pathognomonic. The prognosis quoad valetudinem is uncertain with regard to the eye lesions, which may result in blindness. The prognosis quoad vitam is usually good, though it is poor if the nervous system is involved, or in the event of lung and large vessel lesions, since death may occur from haemoptysis or the rupture of aneurysms. PMID- 6542182 TI - [Gardner's syndrome and mediastinal sarcoma. Description of a clinical case and review of the literature]. AB - The incidence of the colonic and rectal polyps cancerisation in patients with Gardner's syndrome is very high. In these patients, on the other hand, the extraintestinal tumours very rarely degenerative in cancer. A case of mediastinal sarcoma in a patient with Gardner's syndrome is reported. PMID- 6542183 TI - Behavioral analysis of kanamycin administration to mice. AB - The present series of experiments investigated behavioral changes in HET mice following administration of kanamycin, one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics. After drug treatment, HET mice showed changes in complex behaviors, including male agonistic behavior, female postpartum aggression, and tactile discrimination performance. Specifically, the temporal distribution of agonistic behavior appears to be affected by kanamycin treatment in both males and females, and kanamycin administration seems to alter reversal performance on a tactile discrimination task. These findings suggest the need for more careful examination of behaviors which may prove to be sensitive indices of antibiotic toxicity. PMID- 6542184 TI - Recommendations for appropriate statistical practice in toxicologic experiments. AB - Appropriate statistical practice in toxicologic research is reviewed. The problem centers on the antagonistic needs to discover toxic effects and avoid false indictments of harmless compounds. Specific problems which distort error rates include having many dependent variables, conducting many tests on a variable, data snooping, lack of statistical power and 5) violations of statistical assumptions. Solution strategies include top down planning, designing efficient experiments, balancing type I and type II error rates, selecting hypotheses and 5) using appropriate statistical analysis methods. Top down planning and the "leapfrog" design strategy are particularly emphasized. PMID- 6542185 TI - Technoeconomic and environmental assessment of industrial organotin compounds. AB - Current uses of organotins include heat stabilizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC), catalysts for polyurethane foam and silicone rubber, biocides, and animal health products. Domestic production consumption in 1982 is about 28 million pounds, and overall growth is estimated at 7 percent per year. Physical properties of organotins, including solubility in water, octanol-water partition coefficients, and Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants, are not well characterized. Analytical methods for tin in environmental and biological matrices involve concentration, separation, and identification by chromatography, spectrometry, and spectroscopy. Environmental fate and effects of organotins are not well understood. Degradation reactions may yield a complex set of products, including inorganic tin oxide. The effects of exposure of workers and release of organotins to the environment at point sources have been documented. Nonpoint sources of environmental exposure include discard and sanitary landfill disposal of plastics and direct release of biocides to aquatic or marine environments. Other dissipative uses of organotins which pose potential human risk include PVC food wrapping and bottles and rigid potable water pipe. The long term health effects of low level exposure to organotins are not known. Toxic metal cycling in the environment, including biomethylation of inorganic tin by naturally occurring bacteria, is of rising concern. PMID- 6542186 TI - Bioorganotin chemistry: a commentary on the reactions of organotin compounds with a cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase enzyme system. AB - The biological oxidation of several tributyltin derivatives, by a cytochrome P 450 dependent monooxygenase enzyme system with reduced nicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate as the essential cofactor, produced carbon-hydroxylated compounds identified as alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta hydroxybutyldibutyltin derivatives. The hydroxylation pattern and the lack of oxidative cleavage of tin-carbon bonds strongly suggest a free radical rather than an oxenoid mechanism, while the predominance of beta-carbon-hydroxylation further implies some role of the tin-carbon sigma electrons in directing the site of hydroxylation. PMID- 6542187 TI - Hippocampal lesions induced by trimethyltin in the neonatal rat brain. AB - The neuropathology of trimethyltin (TMT) chloride on neonatal rat hippocampus was investigated. It was found that the development of pathological lesions in the developing hippocampus is age-dependent and the most vulnerable age period was between postnatal days (PND) 9 and 15. TMT-treated animals appeared to be significantly stunned in growth. Brains of these animals were also markedly smaller than those of age-matched controls. Histopathology and electron microscopy examination of the hippocampus on PND 15, 21 and 24 from animals exposed to 6.0 mg TMT-Cl/kg b.w. on PND 11 revealed rapid destructions of the Ammon's horn. The granule cells of fascia dentata, despite some non-specific pathological changes (swelling, lysosomal accumulation), showed only minimal necrotic activity. Pyramidal neurons of the Ammon's horn, however, displayed extensive damage. Extensive neuronal edema, accumulation of lysosomes and myelinoid membranous bodies and cellular necrosis were observed as early as 4 days (PND 15) after exposure. By PND 24, total abolishment of the Ammon's horn occurred with extensive dystrophic calcification and astrocytic gliosis of the area. PMID- 6542188 TI - Time course of the effects of trimethyltin on limbic evoked potentials and distribution of tin in blood and brain in the rat. AB - The averaged evoked potential technique was used to determine the sequence and relative effects of a single dose of trimethyltin (TMT) on the neurophysiologic functioning of two limbic system pathways, selected for study because they are known to show TMT-induced pathologic changes. Adult female rats were implanted with bipolar electrodes in the olfactory or prepyriform cortex (PPC), dentate gyrus (DG) and distal CA3 subfield of the hippocampus. Evoked potentials were elicited in the DG by stimulation of the PPC, and in CA3 by stimulation of the mossy fiber system which originates in dentate granule cells. TMT chloride was administered po in a single 7.5 mg/kg dose in water to 9 implanted rats. A parallel group of 6 implanted rats served as a control group. No changes in potentials were noted 24 hr after TMT, but some effects appeared at 48 hr. Amplitudes of potentials elicited in the DG were greatly potentiated between 2-7 days after TMT with peak effects between 4-6 days, followed by a marked decline in amplitude of the response. At the same time, recordings of spontaneous electrical activity did not reveal marked abnormalities such as electrographic seizure waves. Amplitude of the CA3 response began to decline 3 days after TMT and by 3 weeks was markedly depressed. Average amplitudes of the same responses in the control group remained within 12 percent of pretreatment values for the 20 days of the study. Tin levels in whole brain were lowest at 24 hr, doubled at 48 hr, then doubled again at 4 days when peak levels were reached. Values remained high in both blood and brain and at 20 days were still 66 percent of peak levels. Thus, the delay in onset of effects of TMT on evoked potentials may be related to the slow entry of tin into brain, presumably because of high affinity binding to hemoglobin in blood, as reported by others. Also, the time of peak potentiating effects on potentials evoked in the DG correlated well with the time of peak levels of tin in brain. PMID- 6542189 TI - Evaluation of the ability of d-penicillamine to protect rats against the neurotoxicity induced by zinc pyridinethione, acrylamide, 2,5-hexanedione and p bromophenylacetylurea. AB - Dietary exposure of rats to three different concentrations of zinc pyridinethione (ZPT; 166, 332, 498 ppm) caused delayed onset failure in a treadmill test and, at the higher concentrations (332 and 498 ppm), death. Daily treatment with d penicillamine (d-PEN) increased the latency period for treadmill failure and lethality. Comparable levels of toxicity were achieved only after d-PEN treated rats had consumed 2-3 times more ZPT than rats not treated with d-PEN. In contrast to ZPT, administration of d-PEN did not affect the onset of treadmill failure associated with acrylamide, p-bromophenylacetylurea or 2,5-hexanedione. Thus, d-PEN provided protection which was selective for ZPT. PMID- 6542190 TI - Acute neuropathology in soman poisoned rats. AB - Groups of rats received single subcutaneous injections of the highly toxic organophosphate compound, soman, in doses of 106, 133 or 165 micrograms/kg and were observed during the acute phase of intoxication. Survivors were killed at intervals up to fourteen days after exposure, and brain sections were examined by light microscopy. A consistent pattern of neuronal degeneration and necrosis was observed in brains of animals which had experienced convulsions during the intoxication. The lesions had an appearance and distribution similar to that reported for both hypoxic injury and status epilepticus. No lesions were observed in animals which did not experience convulsions. The results indicate that soman, and possibly other similar organophosphate compounds, may produce significant irreversible damage to the central nervous system. PMID- 6542191 TI - Conditioned taste aversion in the adult rat induced by dietary ingestion of cadmium or cobalt. AB - The potential aversive qualities of dietary cadmium chloride (10, 100 mg/kg) or cobalt chloride (20, 100, 200 mg/kg) were evaluated in a conditioned saccharin aversion task. Male Long-Evans hooded rats (n = 42) were trained to drink tap water and ingest 10 grams of chow during daily 60 minute access tests. During the aversion-acquisition phase, a second bottle containing 0.1% sodium saccharin was introduced and the various metal-adulterated diets (10 grams, dose calculated as mg metal base/kg body weight) offered in place of plain chow. During extinction testing, all rats were fed the plain chow. Diets adulterated with cadmium (10 or 100 mg/kg) or cobalt (100, 200 mg/kg) induced marked conditioned saccharin aversions after 2-3 days of exposure and were found to be profoundly resistant to extinction. Both cadmium (100 mg/kg) and cobalt (100, 200 mg/kg) induced a corresponding suppression of intake of adulterated food and significant weight losses. The relation of these aversive effects to the influence of cadmium and cobalt on operant responding for food reward is discussed. PMID- 6542192 TI - Some effects of the formamidine pesticide chlordimeform on the behavior of mice. AB - Three experiments were performed to determine the behavioral effects of acutely administered chlordimeform (1-56 mg/kg, i.p.) to male mice. In Experiment I, dosages of 30 and 56 mg/kg decreased the amount of time spent investigating a female conspecific. In Experiment II, large dosages of chlordimeform (30 and 56 mg/kg) decreased vertically directed activity (rearing) to a proportionately greater extent than horizontally directed activity (ambulation). In Experiment III, chlordimeform produced conditioned flavor aversions that were intermediate at 10 mg/kg and maximal at 30 mg/kg. In an additional experiment (Experiment IV), the LD50 for chlordimeform was determined to be 95.6 mg/kg. Behavioral effects were thus obtained at dosages that were approximately 10 to 30% of the LD50. PMID- 6542193 TI - A new retinol-binding protein which may participate in intestinal absorption of vitamin A. PMID- 6542194 TI - Effect of combination chemotherapy on murine bladder cancer. AB - A murine bladder tumor model was evaluated for tumor growth retardation while receiving combination chemotherapy, either 40 mg/m2 methotrexate and 35 mg/m2 cis platinum or 500 mg/m2 cytoxan and 35 mg/m2 cis-platinum at 3-week intervals. Tumor growth was observed in the control and treated groups. A significant decrease (p less than 0.001) in tumor growth and lung metastasis was noted in the cytoxan and cis-platinum group. Although the 40 mg/m2 group treated with methotrexate and 35 mg/m2 cis-platinum showed a decrease in tumor growth, it was not significant (p greater than 0.1), and lung metastasis was greater than in the control group. Cis-platinum with cytoxan was clearly effective in retarding tumor growth and metastatic spread. PMID- 6542195 TI - Retinal detachment in Morning Glory syndrome. AB - A 9-year-old girl with bilateral Morning Glory syndrome developed bilateral bullous retinal detachment. There was a small break on the temporal margin of the disc in the left eye. The retinal detachment in this eye was successfully treated by drainage of the subretinal fluid, vitrectomy, intravitreal air injection, and photocoagulation around the edge of the anomalous disc. It is suggested that some retinal detachments in the Morning Glory syndrome may be rhegmatogenous in nature. PMID- 6542196 TI - Climatic and racial factors related to the aetiology of secretory otitis media. AB - This paper studied the incidence of secretory and chronic otitis among a random group of 5,950 children, aged from 4 to 9, coming from four different climatic regions of Spain, and including a group of Gypsy children. Each of the children was given a questionnaire regarding socio-economic and environmental situation and pathological antecedents; the results for sick and normal children were then statistically analysed. The most significant aetiological factors to emerge were: low economic level, prior respiratory infection, climatic conditions, cases of rhinosinusitis and acute otitis, and family history. Among Gypsy children a much greater incidence was observed, due not to racial origin but to the greater incidence of the factors cited above. PMID- 6542197 TI - Diurnal variation of some cytological characteristics of the conjunctiva. AB - Variation of conjunctival cells of healthy non-contact lens wearing subjects is described using an impression biopsy technique over a period of nine waking hours. The total cell count was found to be highest on waking, falling to about half that value during the first 3 h, attributable almost exclusively to the change in the neutrophil count. A further slower decrease and finally a small increase in some cellular components was noted. PMID- 6542198 TI - Telling the truth in medical practice. PMID- 6542199 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in depression. PMID- 6542200 TI - Acute laryngeal obstruction in children. PMID- 6542201 TI - Transfer of immunity against Hymenolepis nana in mice with lymphoid cells or serum from infected donors. AB - Immunity to Hymenolepis nana was adoptively transferred to recipient mice of 4 strains using mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC), spleen cells (SC), and/or serum taken from infected donor mice. Donor cells capable of transferring immunity appeared in the mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen at an early stage (5 days) after infection. Immunity was most effectively transferred with MLNC and immune serum did not enhance this effect. It is suggested that effective immunity to H. nana involves both antibody and T cell-mediated inflammatory events. PMID- 6542202 TI - An analysis of some sensitizing agents in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric erosive disease. AB - Prior surgical implantation of a venous catheter sensitized rats to cold immobilization stress. Three of six catheterized females succumbed during the stress. The remaining rats fell into two groups in terms of their core temperature at the end of the stress period: Male uncatheterized rats had higher temperatures than rats in the other three groups. No relation was found between catheter patency and magnitude of hypothermia. Degree of gastric disease paralleled the core temperature findings in that the male uncatheterized rats had significantly fewer gastric erosions than the rats in the other three groups. Additionally, a robust effect of gender was found with uncatheterized females showing more hypothermia and more gastric disease than uncatheterized males. A subsequent experiment was conducted to evaluate whether anesthesia or wearing the protective spring was responsible in part for the sensitization seen. Here, the gender difference was less although females consistently averaged lower core temperatures after stress than did males. Despite similar core temperatures after stress, females that were prepared with the protective spring apparatus developed more gastric disease than female controls or similarly treated males. Thus, the additional sensitization exhibited by females in the first experiment may relate to the fact that both catheterization and the taping procedure were sensitizers while only catheterization was a sensitizer for males. PMID- 6542203 TI - [Association of HLA antigens and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 6542204 TI - [Byler's disease. Ultrastructural study. Apropos of a case in an infant]. AB - A case of familial cholestasis with cirrhosis is described in a 8 months old boy, presenting with hepatosplenomegaly, portal hypertension, dramatic pruritus, and fluctuating icterus of early post-natal onset. Biological data include positive hepatocyte retention test, with mild hepatocyte cytolysis, without patent hepatocyte insufficiency. The discrepancy between the clinical symptoms and a slight elevation of bilirubin partially conjugated, the absence of elevated blood cholesterol, the absence of evidence of antigen or antibody of virus A or B, the marked elevation of blood biliary acid lead to the suspicion of Byler disease. A liver biopsy with ultrastructural study shows a thickening of the ectoplasm, and the presence of microfilament material in the lumen of partially broken villi. Comparisons are made with the 4 other cases of Byler disease with E.M. study documented in the literature. PMID- 6542205 TI - Mandibular postural tremor during relaxation and during volitional innervation of the jaw muscles. AB - Jaw tremor was recorded as the changes in the vertical distance between mandible and maxilla. Two states of motor performance of the jaw muscles were chosen: relaxed and actively positioning of the mandible close to toothcontact, referred to as respectively rest- and activity tremor. Rest tremor contained a strong ballistocardiac component (bc power = 50%) and was of small amplitude (9.4 micron rms). Activity tremor revealed increased amplitudes (19.2 micron rms) with a predominant neuromuscular component (nm power = 75%). Bc tremor patterns differed significantly from nm tremor patterns. A negative linear relationship, which apparently was similar for rest and for activity tremor (P greater than 0.10), existed between the estimated bc contribution and tremor amplitude. As tremor amplitude increased neuromuscular activity appeared increasingly time locked to bc activity, which should be attributed to synchronization of spindle activity, either through the stretch reflex or through vascular pulsation. The average bc contribution to tremor amplitude remained of almost constant magnitude (7.0 micron rms), with no differences between rest and activity for the group as a whole. During resting conditions, complete relaxation of the jaw muscles was not attained by the majority of the subjects. The latter revealed a heart rate arrhythmia that was strongly correlated with motor (nm) activity (P less than 0.001). During activity conditions no such correlation was present. The present results demonstrate that for the understanding and the interpretation of the underlying mechanisms of jaw tremor genesis, both the recording technique, i.e., differential jaw displacements, and the signal analysis procedure, i.e., autocorrelograms and power spectra over extended record length, were of crucial importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542206 TI - Electron microscopic measurement of chain flexibility of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) modified by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). AB - The antitumor drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis-Pt) forms bidentate adducts with guanine residues of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC). The secondary structure of the polymer is altered. In this work, high resolution pictures of naked molecules, obtained by dark field electron microscopy reveal DNA chain distortions with radii as small as 30 A. The extent of distortion increases with the drug/nucleotide ratio (rb). These alterations of the secondary structure are responsible for the apparent shortening of the molecules. Measurements of the persistence lengths of the polymer as well as the end-to-end distances of elementary segments of various lengths, are obtained from digitized electron micrographs. The measurements are used to monitor and quantify the observed modifications of polymer structure upon cis-Pt binding at various rb or incubation times. Poly(dG-m5dC).poly(dG-m5dC) in the B and Z forms have different persistence lengths. In the B form, this polymer is more altered by cis-Pt than in the Z one. PMID- 6542207 TI - Dermatitis due to larvae of a soil nematode, Pelodera strongyloides. AB - A 6-month-old infant girl was seen because of failure to thrive and hyperpigmented papulonodules on the lower abdomen and thighs. Results of skin biopsy demonstrated dauer larvae of a soil nematode, Pelodera strongyloides, in the dermis. This is the second documented episode of human dermatitis due to this nematode, which more often invades the skin of dogs, cattle, horses, and sheep. PMID- 6542208 TI - Tubulointerstitial renal diseases of children: pathologic features and pathogenetic mechanisms in Fanconi's familial nephronophthisis, antitubular basement membrane antibody disease, and medullary cyst disease. AB - The renal lesions of 15 children with tubulointerstitial diseases (TID), originally diagnosed as Fanconi's familial nephronophthisis (FFN), medullary cyst disease (MCD), or antitubular basement membrane (TBM) antibody disease were studied by light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy and by peroxidase antiperoxidase stain for IgG. Kidneys originally considered in all three categories showed similar pathologic findings, with periglomerular fibrosis, interstitial fibrosis and infiltration, TBM thickening, and glomerulopathy. The data suggest that MCD and FFN are not synonyms, but that FFN can lead to medullary cystic disease, as can other tubulointerstitial diseases. Anti-TBM disease appears to be a more frequent cause of TID than is usually recognized. Glomerular involvement in TID may be due to deposition of anti-TBM antibody/TBM antigen complexes. PMID- 6542209 TI - Lung perforation by chest tubes in the neonate. AB - In 272 consecutive neonatal autopsies in one institution, 70 patients had had intercostal drainage tubes inserted to treat air leak secondary to pulmonary disease. In 9 of these cases, one or more chest tubes penetrated lung parenchyma. The majority of these occurred in infants less than 36 weeks' gestation with hyaline membrane disease and its sequelae. Laceration of lung parenchyma most commonly occurred when tubes were inserted on the left side at 5 days or later and when multiple tubes were inserted. PMID- 6542210 TI - Norepinephrine-induced pulmonary petechiae in the rat: an experimental model with potential implications for sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Autonomic nervous system abnormalities have been implicated in infants dying of or considered at high risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In a rat model, norepinephrine (0.02 mg/kg) caused systemic hypertension and numerous pulmonary petechiae, the latter a common finding in SIDS. Petechiae were not seen below the diaphragm. The animals were killed by tracheal occlusion 5 min after the intravenous administration of norepinephrine. The number of pulmonary petechiae was greatly reduced by alpha-adrenergic blockade (phentolamine) and dopaminergic blockade (haloperidol) but not by beta-adrenergic blockade (timolol). A significantly greater reduction of peak mean systemic arterial pressure occurred after alpha-adrenergic blockade than with other blocking agents. It is conceivable that hypoxia-induced endogenous catecholamine release contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary petechiae found at necropsy of SIDS victims. PMID- 6542211 TI - Lipid-laden macrophages in tracheal aspirates of newborn infants receiving intravenous lipid infusions: a cytologic study. AB - Seventy-four neonates with respiratory distress syndrome had cytologic study of tracheal aspirates. Thirteen, all of whom were receiving intravenous lipid and nothing orally had abundant macrophages with foamy cytoplasm, positive for intracytoplasmic lipid by Sudan black stain, in the tracheal aspiration specimens. Cytologic surveillance of tracheal aspiration specimens may be a useful method of monitoring infants receiving intravenous lipid infusions. PMID- 6542212 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of the airways in normal children and in patients with cystic fibrosis and other lung diseases. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to examine pulmonary tissue from 9 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), 12 patients with diseases other than CF, and from two surgically resected specimens with no known airways disease. A region of the human airways, the transition zone, was observed between the end of the terminal bronchiole and the type II alveolar cell lining of the respiratory bronchioles. This region was lined predominantly by nonciliated bronchiolar (NCB) cells. Patients with CF exhibited indistinct transition zones, epidermoid metaplasia, large dilated bronchial glands, copious surface mucus, alveolar destruction, and unusual microvilli; no single lesion specific for cystic fibrosis was identified. PMID- 6542213 TI - Germinoma of the pineal body with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. AB - Almost all types of germ cell tumors are known to occur in the third ventricle pineal region. In this paper we report the case of a 16-year-old boy having a particular subtype of germinoma of the pineal body in which scattered syncytiotrophoblastic cells positive for human chorionic gonadotropin were found. This tumor is considered the central nervous system counterpart of seminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells and dysgerminoma with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells. PMID- 6542214 TI - Pathology of suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome in children: a study of eight cases. AB - Biopsy and/or autopsy material from lymphoreticular and other organs was studied in 8 children with suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). One or both parents of each of these children had one or more of the recognized risk factors for AIDS, such as intravenous drug abuse, prostitution, Haitian origin. The following histologic patterns were noted in the lymph nodes: (1) follicular hyperplasia with normocellular paracortex, (2) follicular hyperplasia with depletion of paracortex, and (3) atrophy of follicles with depletion of paracortex. Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), a previously unreported lesion in AIDS, was present in 4 cases. It is suggested that the pulmonary lymphoid lesion may be part of a more generalized lymphoid hyperplasia involving B cells. The gross and microscopic features of the thymus, available in 2 of the 8 cases, indicated that the immunologic defect in these children was not of congenital type. Pathologic findings can be helpful in the diagnosis of the syndrome when correlated with clinical and immunologic features of suspected cases and of the pulmonary lesion. The latter is of importance in deciding the type of therapy to be given for the pulmonary disease process. PMID- 6542215 TI - Placental protein 12 (PP12): factors affecting levels in late pregnancy. AB - The circulating concentration of placental protein 12 was measured by radioimmunoassay in 109 pregnant women. The effect on the serum PP12 level of temperature, repeat freezing and thawing, and day-to-day and diurnal variation were assessed and the post partum changes of levels were studied. On average, PP12 levels in plasma are about one-half of those in serum in the same individual. PP12 immunoreactivity is destroyed by heating but not by repeated freezing and thawing. Changes in serum PP12 levels at various times of day showed a significant and consistent diurnal variation (F = 7.21; d.f.24; 96; P less than 0.001). The peak mean (+/- s.e.m.) value at 0800 h (80.8 +/- 8.7 ng/ml) was 41 per cent higher than the 24-h mean (P less than 0.05), and the nadir concentration at 1400 h (40.4 +/- 5.4 ng/ml) was 29 per cent lower than the 24-h mean (P less than 0.025). There is also considerable day-to-day variation (up to 72 per cent) in serum PP12 levels. If serum samples are taken at 0700 h, there is a slight negative correlation between PP12 concentration and placental weight (P less than 0.05), but not between PP12 level and birthweight of the child. In term pregnancy, the levels taken at 0700 h are higher (163.7 +/- 12.4 ng/ml) than at 0900 to 1300 h (115.7 +/- 11.4 ng/ml, P less than 0.001). The PP12 level is not affected by labour.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542216 TI - Systemic chemotherapy of carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6542218 TI - Ethopharmacological aggression research. Proceedings of a Symposium of Psychopharmacology of Aggression. September 28-29, 1983, Zeist, The Netherlands. PMID- 6542217 TI - Regulation of alkaline phosphatase gene expression in cultured placental cells. PMID- 6542219 TI - A motivational analysis of ambivalent actions in the agonistic behaviour of rats in tests used to study effects of drugs on aggression. PMID- 6542220 TI - Brain-stimulation induced agonistic behaviour: a novel paradigm in ethopharmacological aggression research. PMID- 6542221 TI - Behavioural voltammetry: its application in aggression research. PMID- 6542222 TI - On the role of endogenous opioid mechanisms in offense, defense and nociception. PMID- 6542223 TI - Mathematical description and experimental pharmaco-ethological analysis of animal intraspecific agonistic behavior. PMID- 6542224 TI - Urinary odours as a source of indirect drug effects on the behaviour of male mice. PMID- 6542225 TI - Learned helplessness: effects on brain monoamines and the pituitary-gonadal axis. AB - The effect of the learned helplessness paradigm, a model of depression, on biogenic amines in eight brain regions, and on the serum levels of luteinizing hormone, corticosterone, and testosterone in male rats was determined. Rats which were exposed to uncontrollable and unpredictable shocks (HY-rats) had hormone levels similar to those in appropriate control animals. However, HY-rats had higher levels of 5-HIAA in the pons/medulla oblongata and lower levels of 5-HT in the cortex than rats which could escape the shocks (HE-rats). Furthermore, striatal levels of NE were higher in HY-rats when compared to HE-rats and non shocked controls (HC-rats). Shock treatment per se resulted in lower NE levels in the hippocampus. These data implicate the serotonergic and noradrenergic systems as possible mediators of the learned helplessness phenomenon, but do not support the view that this behavior is associated with impaired pituitary-gonadal function. PMID- 6542226 TI - Effects of zometapine, a structurally novel antidepressant, in an animal model of depression. AB - Zometapine, a pyrazolodiazepine, bears a close structural resemblance to benzodiazepines. It possesses an unusual pharmacological profile, and is active in some, but not all, tests of antidepressant activity. In clinical tests it appears to be an extremely effective pharmacotherapeutic agent, and may represent a new class of antidepressant. Because the preclinical profile of zometapine is unusual, we examined its effects in a behavioral test of antidepressant potential. Following three weeks of treatment, the drug selectively reversed a behavioral depression following chronic stress. Drug-induced reversal was seen only in rats activated by acute noise exposure, and was dose related. Reversal was confirmed by a second measure, defecation, and partially confirmed by the normalization of an elevated basal corticosterone response. PMID- 6542227 TI - Saline drinking and naloxone: lightcycle dependent effects on social behaviour in male mice. AB - Male mice (TO strain) were observed in the resident-intruder test and several behaviours monitored. Treatments were: isotonic saline drinking ad lib for 48 hours before testing (SAL), IP injections of 1 mg/kg naloxone 30 minutes before testing (NLX) or both treatments combined (NLX + SAL). The same sequence of tests were carried out both in the light and the dark phase of the 24-hour light cycle. The single treatments (SAL and NLX) both increased fighting (SAL, p less than 0.02) in the light phase. The combined treatment (NLX + SAL), which reduced behavioural activity overall, caused a marked increase in the proportion of behaviour time spent on aggression (p less than 0.002). These effects were either reversed (significant reductions in aggression with SAL and NLX, p less than 0.05) or cancelled (minor reduction, NLX + SAL) in the dark phase. Partner body sniffing showed a trend towards lower levels following treatments in the light, and higher levels in the dark. No other behaviour changed systematically with treatments. Plasma sodium levels were monitored: there was a trend of treatment group mean sodium levels changing in proportion to the aggressogenic effect of the treatment, but it was not confirmed by correlation tests on the plasma sodium and aggression levels of individuals. The data are discussed in terms of a possible interaction between opioid receptors and physiological sodium chloride loads. PMID- 6542228 TI - Tolerance and reverse tolerance to toluene inhalation: effects on open-field behavior. AB - Rats were exposed by inhalation to extremely high concentrations of toluene vapors twice daily for six weeks, as an animal model of organic solvent abuse. At preset intervals during repeated exposure, the rats were exposed to test concentrations of toluene and effects on behavior in an open field were measured. Concentration-effect curves were determined during Weeks 4 to 6 of repeated exposure. Tolerance to toluene was measured as a decreased response to the test exposure and a shift of the concentration-effect curve to the right. Reverse tolerance was measured as an increased response to the test exposure and a shift shift of the concentration-effect curve to the left. Results demonstrated that the effects of repeated exposure to toluene showed behavioral selectivity: tolerance developed to ataxia, hindlimb myoclonus, and inhibition of rearing, whereas reverse tolerance developed to headshakes and increased locomotor activity. PMID- 6542229 TI - Apomorphine-induced stereotypy: function of age and rearing environment. AB - Rats of different age groups ("young" vs. "old"), reared in isolation and social groups were tested for differences in apomorphine-induced stereotypy. Sensitivity to apomorphine (2 mg/kg SC) was found to be a function of an interaction between rearing environment and age. The "younger" isolated animals displayed greater stereotypy than group-reared and "older" isolated animals. Rearing environment and age, as main factors, did not have significant influence on drug-induced stereotypy. PMID- 6542230 TI - 2-t-Butyl-4-methoxyphenol (BHA) acute toxicity in rodents: influence of the administration route. AB - BHA LD50 was determined in mice and rats following i.p. or oral administration, using DMSO or olive oil as vehicle. When DMSO was used, BHA i.p. LD50 was about two orders of magnitude lower as compared to oral LD50. This difference was not so marked when BHA was administered in olive oil. PMID- 6542231 TI - Sexual play and its functional significance in the domestic sheep (Ovis aries L.). AB - All the patterns of male sexual behavior were present from the first week of age in male and female lambs. The frequency of this sexual play increased considerably during the first month of life, and returned to a low level until early puberty. These behavioral changes could not be correlated with any hormonal changes. Rearing the lambs in the absence of adult females, in all-male groups or in physical isolation until weaning at 3 months of age, was without consequence for adult sexual behavior. However, despite the low level of sexual-like interactions during the pre and early pubertal period, i.e., between 3 and 6 months of age, the sexual segregation had a clear adverse effect on the development of the copulatory activity: the occurrence of the first copulation was delayed. However, after the first mating, the level of sexual activity was not affected by the treatment. PMID- 6542233 TI - Schedule-induced behavior in children as a function of interreinforcement interval length. AB - Two four year old twin female children were tested on fixed interval (FI) 30-, 60 , 90- and 120-sec food schedules with M&M candy reinforcers. Both subjects displayed increased drinking, gross and fine body movement, and grooming on the FI schedules as compared to Baseline conditions. Bitonic functions were noted for drinking, fine body movements and grooming for Subject J and for drinking and fine movement for Subject K, similar to those which have previously been reported in animal studies. These preliminary results demonstrated that certain behaviors may be induced by intermittent food reinforcement schedules in humans and are excessive when appropriate baselines are used for comparison. Also, these data further strengthen the species generality of schedule-induced behaviors to human subjects. PMID- 6542232 TI - Infanticide: accounting for genetic variation in mice. AB - Infanticide, the killing of young, is one of a number of sexually-dimorphic traits in mice that is dependent upon androgen stimulation during perinatal life and during adulthood. Genotype also influences infanticide in that males of some strains of mice (C57BL/6J) exhibit high levels of this behavior while males of other strains (DBA/2J) seldom kill young. The experiments conducted here show that strain differences in pup killing behavior exhibited by males are not related to postweaning social factors nor are they due to differences in perinatal, pubertal, or adult levels of circulating hormones. These results, in combination with those previously reported, suggest that strain differences in the tendency of mice to kill young may instead depend upon the interaction of genotypic features such as prenatal hormone titers and/or sensitivity to these hormones, as well as on extra organismic factors such as intrauterine position. A model for understanding the manner in which genes and hormones may interact to influence infanticide and other hormone dependent sexually-dimorphic behaviors in mice is presented. PMID- 6542234 TI - Olfactory cues and accessory olfactory bulb lesion: effects on sexual behavior in the cyclic female rat. AB - The influence of olfactory cues and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) lesion on female sexual behavior was studied in virgin female Wistar rats. In Experiment 1, it appeared that distance or contact exposure to male urine soiled bedding for 8 hours before testing increased sexual receptivity, i.e., the number of receptive females at 18:00-19:00 on proestrus. In Experiment 2, we observed that sexual receptivity at 18:00-19:00 on proestrus was not affected by AOB lesion as compared to sham-operated females. In Experiment 3 the effects of both AOB lesion and olfactory cues were analyzed. Sexual receptivity at 18:00-19:00 on proestrus did not significantly differ in sham-operated and accessory olfactory bulbectomized females both exposed to the odor of male urine. Regarding lordosis quotient in the three experiments, no significant difference was observed. Mechanisms whereby olfactory cues and/or AOB lesion modified female sexual behavior on proestrus in virgin female rats were discussed in the light of previous and present observations. PMID- 6542235 TI - Suppression of postpartum fertility in pairs of female rats sharing the same nesting environment. AB - The probability that a successful pregnancy will follow postpartum estrus in the rat is significantly reduced when the postpartum female is housed with another female that is both pregnant and lactating. We studied 16 pairs of females, each pair maintained in a separate nesting environment containing a sexually active male. In 12 of the pairs, the female that gave birth in the presence of a lactating-pregnant partner either did not mate, mated but failed to implant, resorbed her fetuses or delivered non-viable young. Several mechanisms that might underlie this evident suppression of fertility are discussed. PMID- 6542236 TI - Long-term alterations in the maternal behavior of neonatally undernourished rats. AB - The effect of early food and sensory deprivation on the maternal responsiveness of female rats was investigated. Animals that were neonatally undernourished by daily mother-litter separation (involving both food and sensory deprivation) showed significant deficits in maternal care, consisting of a reduction in nest rating, nursing time, and retrieving responses. Moreover, they exhibited exaggerated grooming and circling movements in comparison with the controls. Dams neonatally undernourished by the nipple-ligation of their mothers (a method that minimizes sensory deprivation) displayed less alterations in maternal behavior, and no significant differences in grooming and circling from the controls. The data suggest that nest rating, nursing time, and retrieving latency are closely related to food restriction, while the frequency of grooming and circling behavior are primarily associated with sensory deprivation. These results support the view that environmental influences related to food intake and sensory stimulation, interacting at critical stages of brain development, are essential for the maturation of adult behavioral patterns. PMID- 6542237 TI - Social facilitation of muricidal behavior in the rat. AB - A phenomenon resembling social facilitation of muricide was described. Rats, who were already established mouse killers, killed mice faster in the presence of a large number of rats continuously killing mice. Evidence was presented which supports the argument that the facilitation was transmitted through auditory rather than olfactory cues. PMID- 6542238 TI - The role of the uterus in reproductive behavior. AB - The uterus plays a major role in reproductive physiology. Numerous studies have shown that estradiol and progesterone exert their effects by binding to receptors within the cytoplasm of uterine cells and translocating these receptors to the nuclei where they presumably alter genomic activity. The extent of the steroid receptor interaction in the cytoplasm and the nucleus is well correlated with uterine growth. Other physiological changes that take place in the uterus are also correlated with variations in the cytoplasmic and nuclear steroid receptor levels observed during different stages of reproductive cycle. In the rat, the uterus also exerts an inhibitory effect on the hormone-induced maternal and copulatory behaviors. Hysterectomy shortens the latency for the induction of maternal behavior and enhances sexual receptivity and proceptivity in ovariectomized, hormone treated rats. The mechanism of this inhibitory effect is not fully understood; however, it seems that the steroid binding capacity of the uterus mediates its behavioral influence. Thus when this capacity is reduced, as evidenced by lower levels of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors in long-term gonadectomized animals, the uterus loses its inhibitory effect on copulatory behavior. PMID- 6542239 TI - Seasonal changes in the circadian activity rhythm of light-dark (LD) and completely dark (DD) regimen in the mouse submandibular gland in the presence of light-dark (LD) and completely dark (DD) regimen. AB - Influence of seasons on circadian activity changes and the influence of one and six weeks of DD upon these changes of acid phosphatase (AP) and beta acetylglucosaminidase (AM) was studied in the submandibular gland of sexually mature male mice. Total enzyme activity was determined in tissue homogenates at four-hour intervals in March, June, October, and February under standard LD12/12 conditions and after one and six weeks of the DD regime. The rhythms were analysed according to cosinor method. Under constant lighting conditions the seasonal differences in the AM circadian activity rhythm were found. AP activity was considerably less influenced by seasonal changes. Both enzyme activity changes were independent of each other and each rhythm was differently influenced by DD. In the case of AM the most pronounced circadian activity changes had the highest amplitude and mesor occurred in summer. The strongest influence of DD upon this enzyme activity rhythm was observed in spring and summer especially after the first week, after six weeks the acrophase returned to the LD group value (spring). In autumn and winter the reaction to DD was different to that of summer and spring. For AP the circadian changes of activity were non-rhythmic in spring, whereas in all other seasons the acrophases occurred almost at the same time in the afternoon. In DD the activity rhythm significantly changed after six weeks. In all seasons, except spring the circadian rhythm of activity was not observed after six weeks of DD. An attempt was made to explain the observed results by the certain kind of genetic memory present in laboratory animals the neurohormonal system of which is influenced by seasonal changes. PMID- 6542240 TI - [Alzheimer's disease in identical twin brothers. Investigations of their family history and of clinical development of the disease]. PMID- 6542241 TI - MDL-646, a new synthetic E1-prostaglandin with local protective effects on the gastric mucosa. AB - The gastric protection, diarrheogenic and arterial hypotensive effects of MDL 646, a PGE1 derivative, have been studied in rats. The compound administered p.o. or i.v. was able to inhibit the macroscopic damage to gastric mucosa produced by noxious stimuli (ethanol and indomethacin). In the stomach perfusion test with the anesthetized rat, intravenously administered MDL-646 reduced histamine- or pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion. After intraduodenal administration (i.d.) doses at least 40-50 times greater were necessary for an antisecretory effect. In conscious rats with chronic gastric fistulas, intragastrically administered (i.g.) MDL-646 affected both acid concentration and volume of unstimulated gastric secretion. In experimental models for gastric lesions, MDL 646 was much more potent after oral (p.o.) (15-30 times) than after i.v. administration. (ED50 micrograms/kg: vs. alcohol lesions, 0.05 p.o. and 0.7 i.v.; vs. indomethacin ulcers, 7.0 p.o. and 195 i.v.). Our data would fit the hypothesis that it was a local effect on the gastric mucosa. The mechanism of this effect is not known. The supposed local activity coupled with the antisecretory effects and the good tolerability make it interesting to test MDL 646 as an anti-ulcer agent in man. PMID- 6542242 TI - [Primary thrombocythemia in a patient with symptoms of subacute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6542243 TI - Feasibility study on daily administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) in combination with radiotherapy. AB - In experimental models cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-platinum) showed to have a radioenhancing effect. The feasibility of daily administration of cis platinum in combination with radiotherapy was studied in 21 patients with locally advanced inoperable cancers (head and neck 7, esophagus 5, bronchus 3 and others 6). The tumours were squamous cell (15), or adenocarcinoma (6). Radiotherapy was delivered in one (180 cGy; 5 patients) or two (each of 125 cGy; 16 patients) fractions per day to a cumulative dose of 3000-6800 cGy, while cis-platinum was administered at a total daily dose of 8 mg/m2 (14 patients) or 6 mg/m2 (7 patients), in one single or two divided injections (total dose 168-352 mg cis platinum). Fourteen patients received a total daily cis-platinum dose of 8 mg/m2 with 4 l of i.v. hydration. Severe myelosuppression occurred in 10/14 patients (range white blood cell count nadirs 0.6-2.1 X 10(9)/l) after 3-5 weeks of treatment, while seven developed severe thrombocytopenia (less than 75 X 10(9)/l). All patients became anaemic. Due to this myelosuppression, radiation treatment had to be postponed in four patients for 18-35 days. Eight patients developed bronchopneumonia, two of them had a septicaemia and one died. One patient with a bronchial carcinoma developed necrotizing pneumonitis with a cavity outside the tumour area and subsequent severe pulmonary fibrosis within the radiation field. Seven patients received cis-platinum at 6 mg/m2 per day without i.v. hydration. A moderate leukopenia (white blood cell count nadirs 1.8 2.1 X 10(9)/l) was observed in three patients requiring postponement of treatment in one of them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542244 TI - [Morphometric and ultrastructural aspect of macrophages present in the endometrium of rats during the estrous cycle]. PMID- 6542245 TI - [Fixed subaortic stenosis: clinical development and hemodynamic evaluation of surgical treatment]. PMID- 6542246 TI - Resistance to Haemonchus contortus transferred between genetically histocompatible sheep by immune lymphocytes. AB - The pattern of faecal egg counts after infection with 10,000 Haemonchus contortus larvae was similar within but not between, four pairs of monozygous twin sheep. Transfer of whole lymph or washed lymph cells from three immune donor sheep to their identical co-twin recipients reduced the susceptibility of the recipients to challenge with 10,000 larvae as measured by faecal egg counts. Cells from a nonimmune donor did not have this effect. In a final experiment, washed cells from an immune triplet sheep, which was actively responding to a repeated challenge infection, transferred a secondary local IgA response to a second recipient triplet and resulted in a marked reduction in worm count when compared with that of a third infectivity control triplet. PMID- 6542247 TI - [Monozygotic twins with a minimal cerebral dysfunction syndrome]. AB - Two monozygotic boys, 5 years and 5 months old, with a normal IQ, whose father had suffered from stuttering, language retardation and dyslexia showed a minimal brain dysfunction syndrome. A genetic etiology is likely in these patients. Other etiological factors remain obviously possible in other patients. PMID- 6542248 TI - Nucleotide sequences of the human and mouse atrial natriuretic factor genes. AB - Mouse and human atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) genes have been cloned and their nucleotide sequences determined. Each ANF gene consists of three coding blocks separated by two intervening sequences. The 5' flanking sequences and those encoding proANF are highly conserved between the two species, while the intervening sequences and 3' untranslated regions are not. The conserved sequences 5' of the gene may play an important role in the regulation of ANF gene expression. PMID- 6542249 TI - Inability of mouse blastomere nuclei transferred to enucleated zygotes to support development in vitro. AB - More than 90 percent of enucleated one-cell mouse embryos receiving pronuclei from other one-cell embryos successfully develop to the blastocyst stage in vitro. In this investigation, nuclei from successive preimplantation cleavage stages were introduced into enucleated one-cell embryos and the embryos were tested for development in vitro. Although two-cell nuclei supported development to the morula or blastocyst stage, four-cell, eight-cell, and inner cell mass cell nuclei did not. The inability of cell nuclei from these stages to support development reflects rapid loss of totipotency of the transferred nucleus and is not the result of simultaneous transfer of membrane or cytoplasm. PMID- 6542251 TI - Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. PMID- 6542250 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura during remission of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Three patients were treated empirically with anti-platelet agents, prednisone, plasmapheresis, and prostacyclin for the classical clinical syndrome of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). All three patients initially responded, then relapsed after one to 13 months with a clinical picture characteristic of immunogenic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). At relapse, all three had thrombocytopenia without microangiopathy or other causes of thrombocytopenia. All responded to splenectomy. This complication of TTP may become more common with improved survival in TTP. Recognition may prevent inappropriate therapy. PMID- 6542252 TI - Study on Schistosoma sinensium in Fang district, Chiangmai province, Thailand. AB - A survey on human infection and possible natural definitive host of Schistosoma sinensium was carried out in Fang District, Chiangmai Province, North Thailand, where Tricula bollingi snails which harbour cercariae of S. sinensium inhabits. Stool examination of the people in the two villages along the stream, where T. bollingi were found, was by formalin-ether concentration technique and by Stoll's method. The stools were found to be negative for S. sinensium eggs. Field rats were also trapped and examined for the presence of S. sinensium. Adult worms and eggs of S. sinensium were found in the mesenteric veins and livers, respectively, of the field rats, Rattus rattus, captured in the rice fields along the stream. PMID- 6542253 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated by complete heart block. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A 48-year-old man with symptoms of presyncope and congestive cardiac failure had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) without obstruction. Complete heart block (CHB), a rare complication of this disease, was preceded by complete left bundle branch block. Right ventricular (RV) heart failure was a dominant clinical feature but improved dramatically after temporary transvenous RV pacing prompting the insertion of a permanent RV inhibited pacemaker. Repeated ventricular fibrillation was successfully controlled by amiodarone. This is the seventh case of HCM complicated by CHB reported in the literature, and the first in which RV endomyocardial biopsies were undertaken. Two other patients reported in the literature had RV inhibited permanent pacemakers implanted, and a further 2 had atrioventricular sequential pacemakers. PMID- 6542254 TI - True hermaphroditism. A case report with observations on its bizarre presentation. AB - A true XX hermaphrodite presenting in adulthood with male sex gender identity was found to have separate vaginal and urethral openings in the perineum. A total vaginectomy was performed at the same time as total abdominal hysterectomy and gonadectomy because the vaginal opening would interfere with a urethroplasty to repair the hypospadias and chordee phallus. During this procedure prostatic tissue was excised in the area of the anterior vaginal wall adjacent to the urethra. Recommendations regarding this rare XX true hermaphroditism are put toward and observations on some bizarre features of the entity are made. The authors plead for the formation of a national register to study this interesting condition. PMID- 6542255 TI - The role of congeners in the effects of different alcoholic beverages. AB - Five different alcoholic beverages were tested in rats to determine if congener content contributed to the hypothermia or motor impairment produced by the beverages. Solutions of cognac, scotch, tequila, vodka, and commercially supplied ethanol were diluted with physiological saline to form solutions containing 16% w/v ethanol, as verified by gas chromatographic analysis. All beverages were administered in doses containing 0 (saline), 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, or 6.4 g/kg ethanol (gastric intubation) in test sessions separated by 7 days (repeated measures design, N = 8 rats per group). Measurements of rectal temperature and motor impairment (rotarod performance) made at 0, 60, and 120 minutes postinjection revealed no noteworthy differences in either measure at 60 or 120 minutes postinjection at any of the 4 doses tested. Thus, no evidence for a contribution of congeners to beverage effects was observed. PMID- 6542256 TI - Increases in liver microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity(s) in mice after short-term ethanol treatments. AB - Adult C57/BL mice subjected to short term ethanol liquid diets exhibited significant increases in liver microsomal phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase activity(s) as well as changes in microsomal lipid composition. Specifically, increases in [3H]-methyl incorporation into phosphatidyl-N monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine were observed suggesting increases in phospholipid methyltransferase I and the first methyl transfer reaction of phospholipid methyltransferase II. Labeling of phosphatidylcholine was not affected, however. Dietary supplementation with 2% choline reduced liver methyltransferase activities of both control and ethanol treated mice. The ethanol induced increase in methyltransferase activity returned to control values upon removal of ethanol from the diet for 24 hours. It is suggested that the increase in phospholipid methyltransferase activity after chronic ethanol treatment may be responsible, in part, for alterations in the activities of certain microsomal enzymes known to be influenced by ethanol. PMID- 6542257 TI - [Vertigo in childhood]. PMID- 6542258 TI - Premenstrual exacerbation of asthma. AB - Questionnaires and twice daily peak expiratory flow measurements were used to evaluate the effects of the menstrual cycle in asthmatic women. Forty per cent of women reported premenstrual deterioration in their symptoms and this was confirmed by peak flow recordings. No correlations were found between premenstrual exacerbation of asthma and symptoms of premenstrual tension, consumption of aspirin, use of the contraceptive pill, cycle length, or behaviour of asthma during pregnancy. PMID- 6542259 TI - [Perinatal course of fetal supraventricular tachycardia; case report and literature review]. AB - Perinatal outcome of fetal supraventricular tachycardia. Report of 5 cases and review of the literature. Fetal supraventricular tachycardia (fsVT) is a rare cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with a mortality of 12%. The last decade fsVT has been detected more frequently probably on account of routine fetal monitoring. The outcome of 108 previously reported cases has been reviewed and 5 cases are added. Congestive heart-failure due to fsVT was seen quite frequently. Delivery by caesarean section was performed in 33% of fsVT-cases. Treatment of the condition before and after birth is discussed; digitalis is the drug of choice. A guide-line for delivery is suggested. fsVT should be listed among the possible causes of hydrops foetalis. On request a complete list of references concerning fetal supraventricular tachycardia is available from the authors. PMID- 6542260 TI - Cardiac abnormalities in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6542261 TI - Filaricidal effects of cyclosporin-A against Dipetalonema viteae in Mastomys natalensis. AB - Outbred male Mastomys natalensis were injected subcutaneously with 100 infective larvae of Dipetalonema viteae obtained from Ornithodorus tartakovskyi. Groups of five animals were treated with 30 mg/kg of the immunosuppressive drug Cyclosporin A daily for five days (experimental) or Miglyol 812 (control). One group served as untreated controls. Contrary to expectations, 60% of the animals were completely protected against D. viteae and the remainder were partially protected. The mechanism remains unknown. PMID- 6542262 TI - The clinical significance of HLA antigens on red cells. Survival studies in HLA sensitized individuals. AB - To investigate the clinical significance of HLA determinants expressed on red cells (RBCs), 51Cr survival studies were carried out in six women (four healthy individuals, two patients with solid carcinoma) immunized against HLA antigens by pregnancy or blood transfusions, respectively. Donors were selected who were compatible in typical RBC antigen systems assayed by conventional techniques but were mismatched for the HLA antigens in question. Crossmatches also were performed with RBC, as well as with lymphocytes, by means of a radioimmune anti IgG test (RIAT). We found that RBC survival was shortened in all cases. The mean life-span of RBCs depended on antigen specificity rather than on the antibody strength. HLA incompatibility of RBCs could be monitored by the RIAT in all donor/recipient pairs. We conclude that a shortened mean life-span of RBC is to be expected by HLA antibodies, especially when HLA-B7 is involved, but the severity of an in vivo immune reaction in HLA incompatible transfusions cannot be predicted from the in vitro tests used. PMID- 6542263 TI - Bacteriologic studies in external otitis in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. AB - The bacterial flora from the auditory canals of 54 patients (74 ears) with external otitis was studied. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 38%. Aspergillus in 24%, Staphylococcus aureus in 18% and Candida albicans in 14%. Bacterial cultures from the auditory canals of 21 healthy subjects produced only the normal skin flora. PMID- 6542264 TI - Sarcoid lesion in the breast presenting as carcinoma. AB - A case of sarcoid lesion in the breast of a 60-year-old Negro woman, presenting as carcinoma is reported. PMID- 6542265 TI - [Glycogen metabolism in the brain and heart in ischemic myocardial necrosis and stress]. AB - It is established that the emotional stress preceding the acute development of ischemic necrosis of the myocardium is the most important condition of the glycogen metabolism disturbance in the central nervous and cardiovascular systems. The most considerable changes in the glycogen metabolism are detected in the heart. PMID- 6542266 TI - [Microsurgery of the renal arteries]. AB - The extracorporal microsurgery of renal artery branches has improved the therapeutic possibilities of complicated vascular abnormalities. Intrarenal stenoses can only be treated by this technique and excellent therapeutic conditions are rendered possible, if more than two artery branches have to be replaced. The technical results are satisfactory, if the quality of the renal parenchyma is considered, which has been abnormal in a number of cases at the moment of the surgical treatment. The results concerning the arterial hypertension and the renal function are remarkable, when considering the fact that most of the kidneys treated by this technique would have been removed some years ago. PMID- 6542267 TI - [Penile revascularization surgery in vascular impotence]. AB - The application of objective diagnostic methods to patients complaining of erectile dysfunctions has proved that 30 to 40% are based on pathologic changes of the penile vascular system. The most important diagnostic procedures (NPT, Doppler, BCR-latency time, dynamic cavernosography with simultaneous passive erection, penile angiography) are emphasized and possible pitfalls with reference to misinterpretation of the diagnostic findings are discussed. Technique and results of current revascularization procedures (epigastricopenile anastomosis, revascularization of cavernous and dorsal arteries using vein grafts, deep dorsal vein arterialization) are discussed and first own experiences with aforementioned techniques presented. PMID- 6542268 TI - [Absolute alcohol, an adjustable embolization material in kidney tumors]. AB - Fourty-four patients with angiographically verified malignant renal tumors underwent a complete or selective embolisation of the affected kidney with absolute alcohol. The occlusion is effected by slow infusion of absolute alcohol. The technique is supported by animal experiments. The quantity of alcohol applied is measured by its intracorporal spread. The method of slow infusion is compared to other published embolisation techniques using absolute alcohol. This method allows an individual application of the vascular occlusion of the tumor supplying and the normal tissue supplying vessels, depending on size and localisation of the tumor, and further clinical data. PMID- 6542269 TI - [Value of exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder in occult bladder cancer and in the control of treated cancers]. AB - The exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder is helpful in the detection of occult bladder carcinoma, which in according to definition is not recognizable without magnification, as well as in the follow-up of treated bladder carcinoma. Within a period of 5 years 23 occult bladder carcinomas were detected by cytological studies alone. The degree of malignancy of the established transitional cell carcinoma varied between G2 and G3. The latent period between the found cytological result and the histological confirmation amounted to 14 months. In our experience the diagnosis of occult bladder carcinoma can be established by exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder, if invisible parts of tumor with moderate and high degree of malignancy communicate with the mucosa of the bladder. The cytological recognition of malignant cells of urothelium offers valuable support for further therapeutic procedures, if there is no cystoscopic evidence of tumor in the bladder. In addition to clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer exfoliative cytology of the urinary bladder should also be part of the follow-up of treated bladder cancer. PMID- 6542270 TI - [Dysplastic urothelial changes in patients with bladder cancer]. AB - The authors treated 238 patients with urinary bladder tumours in 4 years. In each case the transurethral resection formed an integrae part of the treatment plan in the form of a diagnostic, curative or palliative TUR. The transurethral intervention in 152 cases was carried out with differentiated resection technique according to Bressel, in 137 cases mapping was also made of 9 different points. By this technique detailed information was obtained about the pathological lesion of the mucosa which appeared healthy by endoscopy in 122 patients. Precancerous lesions which can form the basis for later malignant epithelial proliferation were found in 50,9% of the patients. The number and severity of the dysplastic lesions showed close correlation with the histological differentiation grade of the tumour. PMID- 6542271 TI - [Malignant melanoma of the penile fossa navicularis]. AB - A case of a malignant melanoma of the orificium externum urethrae in a 53-year old man is reported. This is a very rare localisation of such a tumor. Already at the beginning of therapy the tumor was ulcerated. Histological investigation showed a very cellular faintly pigmented tumor. The prognosis is poor. Modern therapy is discussed. PMID- 6542272 TI - Replacement of partially resected canine urethra by polytetrafluoroethylene. AB - Twelve Gore-Tex grafts were used to replace a section of the urethra in 10 dogs. The grafts functioned well for three months, but at six months there was calcification and fistula formation. A fibrous tube developed around the grafts rather than a regenerated urethra. There was no epithelial regrowth on the internal surface. PMID- 6542273 TI - Mastitis in a mare. PMID- 6542274 TI - [Pathomorphology of stachybotryotoxicosis in calves during the nursing period]. AB - An enzootic of stachybotryotoxicosis was established on a dairy farm in 35-46-day old calves due to the use of straw contaminated with Stachybotrys alternans. Studied were the epizootiology, the clinical picture, and chiefly the morphology of the disease. A characteristic clinical feature was the edema in the intermandibular space. Morphologically, there were numerous hemorrhages in the subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscles, abomasal and intestinal mucosa, kidney cortex, and urinary bladder as well as ulcerous and erosive colitis, edematized mesenterial lymph nodes and occasionally catarrhal and necrotic stomatitis, icterus, and perirenal edema. Contrary to the gross lesion picture known there were no changes in the rumen, reticulum, and omasum which were not sufficiently developed during that period. Histologically, there were degenerative nephrosis, focal hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis (occasionally coupled with bacterial embolization and dystrophic calcification of the kidneys), granular degeneration of the liver and heart, hemorrhages and edema of the lungs, and edema, hyperemia, and thrombi in the brain. PMID- 6542275 TI - [A bougie-irrigator]. PMID- 6542276 TI - [Participation of the kidney in changes in the fibrinolytic system during electroshock]. AB - Fibrinolytic activity was studied in the renal vein of rats after electroshock. Electroshock increased distinctly the fibrinolytic activity in all parts of the venous system. The level of plasminogen activator was increased more in the renal vein and in the vena cava inferior, than in the jugular vein. In electroshock fibrinolytic activity was decreased 2-fold in kidney cortex; in the medullar layer of kidney it was unaltered. PMID- 6542278 TI - [Clinico-electrocardiographic criteria in the diagnosis of myocardial lesions]. PMID- 6542277 TI - [Physiologico-biochemical correlates of the behavioral reactions in cats under states of emotional stress]. AB - Emotional stress, caused by breaking of behavioural reflex stereotype, was responsible for alterations in arterial blood pressure as well as in content of hormones, neurotransmitters, blood lipids and lipoproteins depending on typological characteristics of the cats. PMID- 6542279 TI - [HLA antigen study in familial cases of disseminated sclerosis and in twins]. PMID- 6542280 TI - [Heredity and obesity]. PMID- 6542281 TI - [Atrial synchronous ventricular stimulation with reduced a.v. delay time as a therapeutic principle in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - For the hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with left-ventricular pressure gradient in rest a causal therapy is nowadays not yet known. Therefore, it should be tested, in what respect from former observations over reductions of the pressure gradient by an untimely foreign excitation of the ventricles from the apex of the right ventricle a therapy principle can be derived. For this purpose out of a group of 84 patients by left-right heart catheterization, coronarography, computer cardio-tomography and scintigraphy of the myocardium 23 test persons with typical hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and a left ventricular gradient in rest greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg were selected for the transitory electrostimulation. After placing of one electrode in the right atrium and another one in the right ventricle one after another a VOO-, VAT- and DOO-pacing were used. For the two last mentioned forms of stimulation as electronic atrio-ventricular retardation times 100, 40, 20, 10 and 5 ms were selected. With all three kinds of stimulation in 5 of the patients (group A) reductions of gradients greater than or equal to 51% and in 12 cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (group B) diminishments between 30 and 50% could be obtained. Only in 6 patients (group C) reductions of less than or equal to 29% were registered. The optimum of prematurity necessary for obtaining maximum pressure reductions is individually different, but is almost in every case between 5 and 20 ms. Further seven parameters measured during the stimulation phases showed that these reductions are not caused by a decrease of the stroke volume, but by an enlargement of the effective opening of the outlet. Apparently, in a part of the patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy by the foreign excitation from the apex of the ventricle a temporary and spatial course of excitation can be induced, by means of which the degree of functional stenosing is decreased. Since for several patients the removal of the disturbance of the systolic function is to be regarded as therapeutically reasonable partial success, the transitory diagnostic pacing is recommended for all patients with typical hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and a gradient in rest greater than or equal to 30 mm Hg. The indications and technical prerequisites for a permanent electrostimulation with suitable systems are represented. PMID- 6542282 TI - [Effect of endogenous oligopeptides and brain-specific proteins on aggressive behavior in the rat]. AB - In experiments on non-bred males of white rats, the effect was studied on their aggressive behaviour of intraventricular injections of brain-specific proteins of S-100 group, gamma-globuline fraction from the serum of rabbits immunized by proteines S-100 (gamma S-100) and non-immunized rabbits (gamma-SNK) as well as of angiotensin, bradikinin and saline. S-100 lowered intermales aggressivity and that connected with pain, and had phasic inhibitory effects on rats emotional reactivity. gamma S-100 increased the aggressivity connected with pain, did not affect the intermales aggressivity and phasically raised (as well as gamma-SNK) the emotional reactivity. gamma-SNK, angiotensin and bradikinin did not change these kinds of aggressivity. None of the administered agents influenced the level of rats predetary aggressivity. PMID- 6542283 TI - [Dynamics of interhemispheric asymmetry in fenamine stereotypy in the cat]. AB - Stereotyped behaviour induced by d,1-amphetamine in cats is a stable rhythmical process. Expressed stereotypy is characterized by stabilization of the summate curve of motor activity fluctuations by amplitude and periods with different asynchronous changes in the number of the left and right head turnings. Low frequency stimulation of the caudate nucleus and administration of neuroleptics (haloperidol and clozapine) facilitate destabilization of the fluctuations curve and synchronize changes in the frequency of the left and the right head turnings. Structural or functional elimination of the ventrolateral part of the caudate nucleus head leads to opposite effects. It is suggested that amphetamine-induced stereotypy may be due to dynamic dissociation in time of activity of nigro striatal systems of both cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 6542284 TI - [Effect of ethinyl estradiol sulfonate on the urethral epithelium after bilateral oophorectomy]. AB - The influence of ethinylestradiolsulfonate on the cytological image of the urethra was examined on 11 women who underwent the salpingo-oophorectomia bilateralis. The criterion of the proliferative effect was the Dynamic Estrogenicity-Index (DEI). After a 6 to 8 weeks treatment at a dosage of one milligram weekly a DEI of 7,27 (+/- 0,74) was attainable. From this point of view we can also summarize a very good urethrotrophic effectiveness. Ethinylestradiolsulfonate is recommended for the treatment of affection on the urethra, especially of those in which an estrogen deficit is the genuine reason or a favoured factor by women after hysterectomia and salpingo-oophorectomia bilateralis for substitution with hormones. PMID- 6542285 TI - Fatal congenital human leptospirosis. PMID- 6542286 TI - [Craniocerebral injuries caused by animal anesthesia equipment]. AB - A consequence of the rareness of bullet injuries in the GDR are the uncertainties in the recognition and assessment of injuries caused by cattle anaesthetising devices which have become evident in connection with the relevant expertises of the respective cases. In view of this situation, the design and the mode of functioning of these devices as well as selected clinical aspects of such injuries are described. Besides the local findings, the computer tomography is of paramount importance in the diagnosis for both the recognition of the typical calvarial bursting and the representation of the shot channel with a demonstration of the imprimatum. Whenever possible, the therapy should consist in an early surgical procedure according to the principles to be applied to open craniocerebral injuries. PMID- 6542287 TI - [Clinical features of sex-linked recessive mental retardation with fragile X chromosome]. AB - The clinical description of 28 boys with recessive sex-linked mental retardation with an X-chromosome fracture is presented. The peculiarities of the relevant somatic and electrophysiological disturbances have been identified which in some cases make it possible to diagnose and in the remaining patients at least to suspect this disease before application of the cytogenetic methods of investigation. The authors also describe the characteristic psychopathological symptomatology manifested in peculiar schizophreniform disorders. PMID- 6542288 TI - [Electroencephalographic characteristics of "reserpine depression" (experimental study)]. AB - It was demonstrated by electroencephalography that a single injection of 0.125 mg/kg reserpine reduced the activating and augmented the inhibitory mechanisms in the rabbit brain. A possible correlation between the neurophysiological structure of "reserpine depression" and the clinical forms of the depressive syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6542289 TI - Effects of serum-free medium on the cell growth of melanoma and the secretion of plasminogen activator. PMID- 6542290 TI - The role of ferritin isomers on the maternofetal iron transfer in rats. PMID- 6542291 TI - Is DH-ergotoxine the best gerontologicum from the ergot source? Experimental comparison with individual components. AB - The effect of DH-ET (dihydroergotoxine = 33% DH-ergocornine (DH-ECO) + 33% DH ergocristine (DH-ECS) + + 33% DH-ergokryptine (DH-alfa-ECP: DH-beta-ECP = 2:1 and that of the single DH-derivatives on the retention of 14C-uridine (14C-U) in three parts of the brain tissue, blood plasma and liver tissue was estimated (i.e. radioactivity four hours after ip. adm. of 74kBq X 100 g-1). In young male rats DH-ET and DH-ECO enhanced the retention of 14C-U especially in the parietal cortex In one year old males DH-ECS and DH-alfa-ECP had the greatest effect. As a model of undesired effects the influence on peripheral blood flow in the hind limb of urethanised rats was examined using the perfusion' technics. All substances in the dose of 1 microgram removed epinephrine induced vasoconstriction although they themselves in the dose of 100 micrograms enhanced the perfusion pressure, excepting DH-ECO. All substances diminished the liver blood pool in urethanised rabbits (as norepinephrine does), most efficient being DH-beta-ECP and DH-ECO. On the other hand these substances also slowed the velocity of blood stream. The highest toxicity (LD) of DH-ECS and the lowest one of DH-alfa-ECP was found by an infusion technique. All substances diminished heart frequency but had a variable effect on PQ and QT ECG intervals. Ranging all substances according to their desirable properties from the geriatric viewpoint an index for each substance was calculated. This was most advantageous in the case of DH-alfa-ECP and DH-ECS in contrast to DH-ET and DH-ECO. PMID- 6542292 TI - Morphology and distribution of Alzheimer neuritic (senile) and amyloid plaques in striatum and diencephalon. AB - Mapping of striatal and diencephalic plaque distribution was conducted in 25 cases of dementia of the Alzheimer type. This analysis was carried out by fluorescence microscopy of paraffin-embedded tissue sections treated with Thioflavine S as fluorochrome. Consistent differences in plaque morphology and density between nuclei and fiber tracts were observed. Striatal and pallidal distribution was uneven, with plaque aggregation near and within certain fiber tracts: capsules, medullary laminae, and radial fasciculi. Diencephalic plaques showed also preferred aggregation near and within fiber tracts and within the intralaminar nuclei. The different subcortical plaque morphologies observed according to the nuclear or fiber tract location of the amyloid plaque, indicates that the peripheral ("halo") portion of the plaque is determined by the neurophil response to the primary event: the amyloid deposit. No correlation was observed between the distribution of plaques and any particular neurotransmitter system. In that respect, plaques were present within the nucleus basalis. Neurofibrillary tangle distribution was also seen to be dissociated from plaque distribution. PMID- 6542293 TI - Ultrastructure of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. II. Mast cells and angiogenesis. AB - The topographic distribution, population density, and ultrastructural features of mast cells were studied in six cases of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. The vascular area of tumor tissue contained large numbers of mast cells (6.3 cells/high power field, X 400) in comparison with hyalinized area (0.3 cell) and adjacent cerebellar tissue (less than 0.1 cell). Close association of mast cells with endothelial cells and stromal cells was found. The morphology of mast cell granules and their degranulation through dissolution of granule contents and exocytosis were illustrated. The findings suggest that an increased number of mast cells may represent one of the characteristic histological features of capillary hemangioblastoma, and continuous degranulation of mast cell granules with release of heparin may play an important pathophysiologic role in the vascular proliferation and expansion of the tumor. PMID- 6542294 TI - Substructures of neurofilaments. AB - The results of this investigation indicate that neurofilaments of mammals (human and rabbit) are composed of four protofilaments each of which is formed of globular units connected by longitudinal bars. A cross-view of neurofilaments reveals the presence of four globular units, 20-25 A in diameter, connected by four transverse bars, 25-30 A in length. Two of the transverse bars appear more electron-dense (darker) than the remaining two. A longitudinal view of neurofilaments shows two protofilaments bonded by the darker of the transverse bars to form a two-stranded band. The remaining two protofilaments form a band in a similar manner. The two two-stranded bands, wrapped helically, form a four stranded neurofilament. The axial periodicity between twists along each neurofilament ranges from 200 A to 270 A. A three-dimensional diagram of neurofilament structure is presented. PMID- 6542295 TI - Vasopressin and prostaglandins in premenstrual pain and primary dysmenorrhea. AB - Both vasopressin and PGF2 alpha are effective uterine stimulants in the non pregnant human uterus, especially around the onset of menstruation. In order to clarify the relationship of these hormones to menstrual pain, plasma concentrations of vasopressin and two prostaglandin metabolites (15-keto-13,14 dihydro-PGF2 alpha and 11-ketotetranor PGF metabolites) were measured in serial blood samples taken premenstrually and during menstruation. Five women with premenstrual pain gave 7-9 blood samples at intervals of 30 minutes on the day preceding the onset of menstruation. From 5 women with severe primary dysmenorrhea a corresponding series of blood samples were taken during the first day of menstruation. Two groups of 5 women with no symptoms served as controls, either premenstrually or during menstruation. In the women with premenstrual pain the vasopressin concentrations were significantly higher than in the corresponding control group. Even higher and markedly fluctuating vasopressin levels were found in the women with dysmenorrhea who, in general, had more intense pain than the women with premenstrual symptoms. In the group with dysmenorrhea there was also a significant rise in plasma concentration of the PG metabolites. No such increase was seen in the group with premenstrual pain. It is concluded that the pathophysiology of premenstrual pain could imply increased vasopressin secretion. The more severe pain in primary dysmenorrhea seems to be the result of a combined effect of vasopressin and PGF2 alpha. PMID- 6542296 TI - Effect of phenoxybenzamine on myocardial cell necroses and blood levels of catecholamines in pigs subjected to stress. AB - The degree of myocardial cell necroses after stress was investigated in 6 pigs, weighing 70 to 90 kg. The stress was induced by a myorelaxant, succinylcholine, for about 12 min. The alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent phenoxybenzamine (PBZ) was given orally 3 times a day in a total dose of 50 to 60 mg per day for 6 to 7 days before the stress. The plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline were assayed in blood samples drawn before, during, and immediately after the period of stress. Heart cell necroses were found in all the cases. The activity of the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system, indicated by the plasma levels of catecholamines, was intense during the stress. When the present results were compared with those of earlier studies the degree of heart cell necroses was significantly smaller after PBZ in control pigs but significantly higher than after the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent propranolol given for about a week. PBZ exerts a number of different actions, as briefly discussed, some of them appearing to be harmful for the heart during stress while others appear to be protective for the heart. PMID- 6542297 TI - Tumours from a cell strain with a high content of metallothionein show enhanced resistance against cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum. AB - Cultured cells with a high content of the extremely cysteine-rich protein metallothionein (MT) have previously been shown to exhibit resistance when exposed to otherwise lethal doses of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (cis-DDP), chlorambucil or prednimustine, and to have a significant proportion of intracellular drug associated with MT after such treatment. In order to study this protective mechanism in vivo, cells from a MT-rich variant of a murine fibroblast line resistant to cis-DDP and its parent sensitive line with only trace amounts of MT, were injected subcutaneously into nude mice (24 animals in each group), and tumour growth was compared during cis-DDP treatment. Animals in the treatment groups received 3 intravenous doses of either 4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg of cis-DDP on day 12, 26 and 33 after inoculation of cells, whereas the control groups received saline. The 8 mg/kg dose produced an almost complete growth inhibition of the tumours derived from the parent cells, as well as from the MT rich variant. However, following the injections with 4 mg/kg of cis-DDP, tumour volume was reduced by approximately 80% in tumours from the parent cells, whereas the tumours from MT-rich cells were almost completely resistant. This study provides for the first time evidence that metallothionein-conferred protection against cis-DDP toxicity also is mediated in tumours in vivo. PMID- 6542298 TI - Effect of lipophilicity of substituted benzamides on the dopaminergic effects in vivo and in vitro. AB - The antidopaminergic potencies of some new substituted benzamides related to remoxipride have been studied in the rat using in vitro (3H-spiperone binding) and in vivo techniques (antagonism of apomorphine induced stereotypies). The lipophilicities of the different benzamides were calculated by the addition of the lipophilic contribution (pi value) of the added substituent. It was found that the in vivo potencies of the compounds were not direct proportional to the in vitro potencies. The discrepancies in the potencies in vitro and in vivo (expressed as the ratio) are correlated to the calculated lipophilicities. Certain substituents in the benzene nucleus affect this in vitro--in vivo ratio more than could be expected from the change in lipophilicity caused by the substituent. The type of side chain is also of great importance. The reasons for the discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo antidopaminergic potencies of the studied substituted benzamides are discussed. PMID- 6542299 TI - Forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat cerebral cortex following chronic treatment with psychotropic drugs. AB - Rats were treated with lithium, imipramine, reserpine, and lithium combined with imipramine or reserpine. Lithium was given in the diet (40 mmol/kg) resulting in a serum-Li+ level of 0.5-0.6 mmol/l. Other drugs were dissolved in 0.9% saline and given intraperitoneally once or twice daily. After 3 weeks of treatment, forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was measured in cerebral cortex homogenates. Reserpine did not affect the forskolin stimulation, while both imipramine and lithium caused a decrease in this activity. The combined treatments lithium-imipramine and lithium-reserpine also exhibited a clear decrease in forskolin stimulation, but the effect of concomitant lithium and imipramine treatment did not differ from the effect seen after any of the treatments alone. The unstimulated activity was unaltered by all treatments. The inhibition of lithium and imipramine on the forskolin stimulation indicates an interference of these two drugs with the forskolin-mediated activation of the adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6542300 TI - Cis-platin induced hypermagnesiuria and hypercalciuria in rats. PMID- 6542301 TI - Normal muscle energy metabolism. PMID- 6542302 TI - The role of abnormal vitamin D metabolism in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and osteomalacia. PMID- 6542303 TI - [A case of giant prostate cancer]. AB - A 67-year-old patient with stage C giant prostate cancer was treated with a combination of endocrine administration and chemotherapy. After administration of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (250 mg/D, 16 days), bilateral orchiectomy and subsequent CDDP administration (30 mg/D X 5 days, e. 3 weeks, 4 courses), the primary tumor was reduced by about 90%. Clinical response was evaluated as partial response. Serum acid phosphatase activity, prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate antigen and nuclear DNA histogram served as useful tumor markers and changed in parallel to clinical course. PMID- 6542304 TI - [Female primary urethral tumors]. AB - Our experience on treatment of female urethral tumors is presented. Nineteen female patients with primary urethral tumors were treated at our University Hospital during the 31 years since 1953. Ten of the patients had carcinoma (6 had squamous cell carcinoma, 2 had adenocarcinoma and 2 had transitional cell carcinoma) and the other 9 patients had benign urethral neoplasms. Although the patients with urethral carcinomas did not always undergo standardized treatment, 5 patients were treated with distal urethrectomy, 3 with urethrectomy, 1 with total cystourethrectomy and the other patient with TUR. Three patients were lost to follow up, the other females were alive, 4 months to 7 years after treatment excluding one patient who died of disseminated disease 1 year after TUR. Since primary female urethral malignancies are rare diseases, there is still controversy as to the choice of treatment for the disease because of the poor prognosis even after an operation. Our experience is not enough to conclude on the best choice of treatment, but more extensive operation including puboosteotomy is recommended in the latest literature. PMID- 6542305 TI - Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in American patients. PMID- 6542306 TI - Massive cardiac ventricular scarring in first-degree relatives with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6542307 TI - Usefulness of microscopic examination in urinalysis. AB - The authors evaluated 500 patients who yielded urine specimens containing red and white blood cells but that gave negative reagent test strip reactions to determine the medical usefulness of the microscopic examination in such cases. Half of the patients had a history of, or current signs and symptoms of genitourinary or renal disease (GURD), or had indwelling catheters, hypertension, or diabetes. The other half did not display these conditions. Red blood cells occurred rarely, and no red blood cell associated GURD was detected in these patients. Five had lower urinary tract infection. Seventy-two underwent further workup, but no GURD was found. Physicians did not comment or take action on the report in other patients. The authors found the test for leukocyte esterase and nitrite (LN) to have a predictive value for a negative result of 97% for exclusion of bacteruria. Based on these observations, the authors established in 1982 a policy that microscopic examination would be performed only on specimens negative by reagent test strip (including LN) if a "diagnostic urinalysis" (DU) was ordered. The authors recommended that DU be requested only for patients suspected of GURD. This has eliminated microscopic examinations on 25% of specimens and reduced costs. PMID- 6542308 TI - High-resolution chromosome analysis: I. Applications and limitations. AB - High-resolution chromosome preparations were examined in 55 couples experiencing multiple spontaneous abortions to determine if such studies might provide additional cytogenetic information. One translocation [46,XY,t(14;18) (q32; q22.2)] was detected that was not observed on routine metaphase preparations (GTG banding). In addition, an abnormality (not from the original sample) suspected on routine analysis was accurately identified as [46,XY, dir ins (12;21) (p12.3;q22. 1q22.2)] only after high-resolution studies. Metaphases with a total of 500-650 discernible bands per haploid set are most informative for high-resolution analysis of a complete karyotype. Chromosomes yielding this number of bands demonstrate 6.7-14.2% homolog discordance and usually require only three to five karyotypes to reach a diagnosis. GTG proved more effective than RBG banding in conjunction with high-resolution studies. PMID- 6542309 TI - Mental retardation, unusual face, and intrauterine growth retardation: a new recessive syndrome? AB - We describe two mentally retarded sisters with intrauterine growth retardation and subsequent dwarfism and an unusual and characteristic face together with two other unrelated patients with similar manifestations. These four patients may represent a new autosomal recessive syndrome. PMID- 6542310 TI - Sensorineural deafness in the FG syndrome: report on four new cases. AB - We report on four new cases of FG syndrome with typical manifestations of this X linked inherited condition and note a hitherto undescribed sign, sensorineural deafness. The association between sensorineural deafness and imperforate anus is likely to represent more than a chance occurrence, given its presence also in the Townes-Brocks syndrome. PMID- 6542311 TI - Plasma fibronectin levels in preeclampsia: a possible biochemical marker for vascular endothelial damage. AB - Fibronectin is a plasma glycoprotein which is involved in coagulation, platelet function, tissue repair, and the vascular endothelial basement membrane. We have found plasma fibronectin concentrations to be elevated in a group of preeclamptic patients. This finding is consistent with other evidence for a role of the vascular endothelium in preeclampsia. PMID- 6542312 TI - Absence of major histocompatibility complex antigens in choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6542313 TI - A VP16-213- and cisplatin-containing regimen for treatment of refractory ovarian germ cell malignancies. AB - Chemotherapy with VP16-213 and cisplatin was administered to three patients with ovarian germ cell malignancies resistant to chemotherapy with methotrexate, actinomycin D, and chlorambucil and with vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin. Remission was achieved in all patients and has been sustained for 9 to 50 months. Use of these agents in a salvage regimen for resistant germ cell malignancies is recommended. PMID- 6542314 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy in a patient with hemophilia. PMID- 6542315 TI - Defective trophic response of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. AB - Hamsters with muscular dystrophy (BIO 14.6) have a smaller than normal amount of brown adipose tissue. Two stimuli that promote growth of brown adipose tissue in normal hamsters, short photoperiod and eating a high-fat diet, are here shown to be without effect on brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. Cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue occurs normally [Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Cell Physiol. 8): C18-C22, 1980]. There is a normal rate of turnover of norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue of the myopathic hamster but a failure of the tissue to hypertrophy in response to norepinephrine is unlikely since norepinephrine does not appear to mediate the trophic response [Am. J. Physiol. 247 (Endocrinol. Metab. 10): E793-E799, 1984]. Denervation results in a marked reduction in size (protein content) of brown adipose tissue of normal hamsters but has very little effect on the size of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. A central, possibly hypothalamic, defect in the myopathic hamster is postulated to underlie its abnormal control of brown adipose tissue hypertrophy. PMID- 6542316 TI - A neural theory of circadian rhythms: Aschoff's rule in diurnal and nocturnal mammals. AB - A neural model of the suprachiasmatic nuclei suggests how behavioral activity, rest, and circadian period depend on light intensity in diurnal and nocturnal mammals. These properties are traced to the action of light input (external zeitgeber) and an activity-mediated fatigue signal (internal zeitgeber) on the circadian pacemaker. Light enhances activity of the diurnal model and suppresses activity of the nocturnal model. Fatigue suppresses activity in both diurnal and nocturnal models. The asymmetrical action of light and fatigue in diurnal vs. nocturnal models explains the more consistent adherence of nocturnal mammals to Aschoff's rule, the consistent adherence of both diurnal and nocturnal mammals to the circadian rule, and the tendency of nocturnal mammals to lose circadian rhythmicity at lower light levels than diurnal mammals. The fatigue signal is related to the sleep process S of Borbely (Hum. Neurobiol. 1: 195-204, 1982.) and contributes to the stability of circadian period. Two predictions follow: diurnal mammals obey Aschoff's rule less consistently during a self-selected light-dark cycle than in constant light, and if light level is increased enough during sleep in diurnal mammals to compensate for eye closure, then Aschoff's rule will hold more consistently. The results are compared with those of Enright's model. PMID- 6542317 TI - Release of natriuretic factor from rat heart-lung preparation by atrial distension. AB - The hypothesis that an increase in blood volume results in the release of an atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) via atrial stretch was examined using an isolated rat heart-lung preparation. The heart lung preparation was perfused with a fluorocarbon emulsion for two periods of 20 min. During the first period the venous return reservoir was placed at a level of 1-2 cm above the right atrium [low central venous pressure (low CVP)] and at a level 7-12 cm above the heart (high CVP) for the second period. The perfusate used for each period was collected and saved for later analysis of natriuretic activity using anesthetized rats as a bioassay. Samples of either low or high CVP perfusate were infused into the abdominal aorta of the assay rats while urine was collected from a bladder catheter. A 3-min infusion of the high CVP perfusate at a rate of 0.5 ml/min resulted in an increase in urine flow from 10 to 28 microliter/min (P less than 0.01), sodium excretion from 0.14 to 1.34 mueq/min (P less than 0.01), and potassium excretion from 0.17 to 0.81 mueq/min (P less than 0.01). Infusion of the low CVP perfusate failed to produce a significant diuresis, natriuresis, or kaliuresis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ANF may be a hormone involved in the control of blood volume. PMID- 6542318 TI - Symptoms and the genetics of schizophrenia: implications for diagnosis. AB - To determine whether genetic influences in schizophrenia are related to the symptoms specified by diagnostic criteria, the case histories of 151 pairs of monozygotic twins from five twin studies of schizophrenia were rated for positive and negative symptoms. Concordance rates in monozygotic twins were significantly higher when probands had a greater number of negative symptoms; no evidence of a similar relationship was found for positive symptoms. The data indicate that negative symptoms may be characteristic of schizophrenia in which there is a greater genetic component. The results have important implications for determining diagnostic criteria and understanding the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 6542319 TI - Asymmetries in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6542320 TI - Sperm antibodies, immunoglobulins, and complement in human follicular fluid. AB - The levels of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C3, C4, C1EI) and sperm antibodies were determined in plasma and follicular fluid samples from 26 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The results show that IgG, IgA, C3, C4, and C1EI concentrations in follicular fluid are similar to plasma concentrations (63.1-96.1% of plasma levels). The follicular fluid concentration of IgM was severely reduced, however, being only approximately 10% of plasma concentrations. Sperm antibody titres were compared in three patients using sperm agglutination, immobilization, and immunobead binding. The titres in plasma and follicular fluid were similar, apart from antibodies of IgM class, which were undetectable in follicular fluid. PMID- 6542321 TI - Hepatic angiosarcoma in childhood. A case report and review of the literature. AB - We describe the clinical and pathologic features of an hepatic angiosarcoma in a 5-year-old child. The neoplasm manifested as a multicentric vascular tumor and was initially treated by lobectomy. Histopathologically, the lesion showed the features of infantile hemangioendothelioma, in which foci of cytologic atypia ("type 2") were present. A recurrence with rapid growth appeared that suggested a malignant tumor, but no metastases developed. A literature review confirmed the rarity of angiosarcomas in children and underscored the difficulties of formulating a prognostic estimate about infantile hemangioendotheliomas based on histology alone. Mitotic activity and cytologic atypism are regular features of angiosarcoma in children and cannot be ignored. This report also contrasts certain features of the biology of malignant vascular tumors of the liver in childhood with the counterpart in adults. PMID- 6542322 TI - Delayed type hypersensitivity granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in vitro. IV. Granuloma formation in human schistosomiasis. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells, obtained from 42 school-age Egyptian children, were isolated on Ficoll-hypaque density gradients and assayed for granuloma formation. A granuloma index (G.I.) which classified the cellular reactions to Schistosoma mansoni eggs was determined for each patient. Morphologic criteria to assess the cellular reactivity included cell adherence, blast cell transformation, cell migration, and circumoval accumulation of inflammatory cells around the egg. The difference between the mean granuloma index of uninfected controls (G.I. = 1.25 +/- 0.04) and infected patients (G.I. = 1.58 +/- 0.05) was statistically significant (P less than 0.01; Student's t test). There was no correlation between the granuloma indices and infection intensities determined by quantitative egg counts or between anti-major serological antigen antibody titers. These data demonstrate the feasibility of studying granulomatous hypersensitivity in human schistosomiasis utilizing an in vitro model of granuloma formation and peripheral blood cells. PMID- 6542323 TI - Natural transovarial transmission of dengue 4 virus in Aedes aegypti in Trinidad. AB - The isolation of dengue 4 virus from adult Aedes aegypti, reared from eggs collected in nature, is reported for the first time. From the locality where the isolate was made, 25 pools consisting of 1,848 Ae. aegypti reared from eggs were processed. In this study, 10 different localities were sampled and a total of 10,957 Ae. aegypti adults, collected as eggs or larvae in nature, were processed for virus isolation. From a total of 158 mosquito pools tested, one recovery of dengue 4 virus was made. The isolation of dengue 4 virus from this field collected material gives further evidence that transovarial transmission of dengue viruses occurs in nature. PMID- 6542324 TI - [Catalepsy in the rat after haloperidol and some new GABA-ergic agents]. PMID- 6542325 TI - [Pathogenesis of intrauterine fetal infection caused by opportunistic microorganisms]. PMID- 6542326 TI - [Implementation of scientific research devoted to the prevention and treatment of various maternal and fetal diseases]. PMID- 6542327 TI - The effects of post-mortem changes and calcium depletion on the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in a teleost. AB - The effects of post-mortem changes and calcium depletion on the ultrastructure of myocardial cells in a teleost, Gadus virens L., are described. When incubated at 4 degrees C in cacodylate buffer/Ringer's solution for 8 h some few myocardial cells appear swollen and their mitochondria contain several small (50-250 nm) flocculent densities. In tissue incubated for at least 80 h the mitochondria in all myocardial cells contain a number of such densities. Also, the size of these structures seems to increase with incubation time. Further, after being incubated for at least 150 h the myofibrils appear often twisted and broken, and the electron density of the Z and I bands gradually declines. At prolonged incubation times (about 1,000-1,300 h) the actin filaments and Z band material seem gradually to dissolve, whereas the myosin filaments still make up a distinct A band. Intercalated discs in tissue incubated in calcium-free medium for 4-28 h appear to display a nearly normal structure. The results of the present study are compared with those previously reported for mammals. The observed differences in decomposition rates within teleostean myocardial tissue are discussed. PMID- 6542328 TI - An autoradiographic study of the mouse olfactory epithelium: evidence for long lived receptors. AB - In order to try to determine whether differentiated olfactory receptors turn over (die and are replaced by newly differentiated cells) during adult life, mice were injected with a single dose of 3H-thymidine at either 2 or 4 months of age and allowed to survive for up to 12 months; they were caged in a laminar flow unit to prevent rhinitis. Counts of labeled receptor cells detected autoradiographically after injection at 2 months of age revealed that, following an initial decrease from 1 to 3 months of survival, numbers of labeled cells remained approximately constant, at least up to 12 months of survival. Cells still labeled at 12 months of survival were confirmed as receptor cells by electron microscopic examination of reembedded sections. The hypothesis is suggested that in the absence of disease-related destruction of the olfactory epithelium, most or all receptor cell turnover represents newly formed cells that fail to establish synapses with the olfactory bulb; fully differentiated receptor cells may be quite long-lived. PMID- 6542329 TI - Tympanometric changes following nasal antigen challenge in children with allergic rhinitis. AB - Intranasal antigen provocation was used to study the relationship between allergic rhinitis and changes in middle ear pressure. Middle ear pressure was measured by tympanometry and nasal airway resistance by anterior rhinomanometry. Middle ear pressure became significantly more negative following antigen challenge as compared with control challenge. A subgroup of patients showed middle ear pressure changes of more than minus 50 mm water. This pressure change was rapid and was associated with increased nasal symptoms. These results indicate a role for allergy in the development of negative middle ear pressure, a key finding in otitis media with effusion. PMID- 6542330 TI - Detrimental effects of ethanol on murine frostbite. AB - Many references have been made concerning the adverse effects of ethanol in human frostbite. The lack of experimental evidence to support this belief prompted the authors to undertake this investigation. Nineteen Swiss-Webster mice (25 +/- 2 gm) were given intraperitoneal injections of 0.2 cm3 of 50 per cent ethanol (group A) or 0.2 cm3 saline (group B). Thirty minutes later, the animals were anesthetized with pentobarbital (group A 30 mg/kg; group B 50 mg/kg). Lower barbiturate dose was used in group A because of the synergistic central nervous system depressant effect when combined with alcohol. Tail lengths of all animals were measured. The tails were immersed in a 50 per cent ethylene glycol solution (-18 C) for 6 min and then thawed at room temperature (24 C). At 24 hrs, tail circulation was assessed by length of tail perfused with the vital dye alphazurine 2 gm given intraperitoneally. Mortality to 14 days was recorded. All animals survived the initial anesthetic and/or alcohol administration. Group A had a statistically significant (P less than 0.001 Students t test) decrease in length of tail perfused compared with group B at 24 hours (0.98 +/- 0.19 cm versus 2.58 +/- 0.23 cm). Fourteen day survival was 10 per cent in group A compared with 89 per cent in group B (P less than 0.001, chi-square test). We conclude that ethanol has significant adverse effects on tissue perfusion and mortality associated with severe murine frostbite. PMID- 6542331 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma in a girl with idiopathic thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6542332 TI - Acute angle-closure glaucoma due to senile macular degeneration treated by argon laser photocoagulation. PMID- 6542333 TI - [Parasitism of Ips sexdentatus (Insecta: Scolytidae) by Parasitorhabditis ipsophila (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)]. AB - The study of parasitism percentages and contaminations intensity in Ips sexdentatus parasitized by P. ipsophila as well as the examination of the wormholes in the galleries of the bark beetle gave better insight into certain features of nematode biology. Larvae of I. sexdentatus could be infected, whereas pupae could not. Adults were contaminated from initial stages of maturation and throughout preswarming maturation. Following swarming and installation on a new tree, insects were rapidly decontaminated, but recontamination could occur by the end of oviposition. P. ipsophila larvae were found in the mesenteron before they penetrated into the hind gut. Seemingly, the parasite underwent no evolution within its host. All developmental stages of the nematode could be observed in the galleries of the bark beetle as long as the latter was present. No apparent relation exists between parasitism of the digestive tract by P. ipsophila and parasitism of the body or fat body by Parasitaphelenchus or Contortylenchus diplogaster. P. ipsophila exerts very limited effects on I. sexdentatus populations. A slight delay in swarming and initiation of oviposition, and a very low decrease in density of notches of oviposition and of eggs was observed, but the features of the gallery of oviposition (total length, length before the first notch) showed no alteration. No mortality was detected. PMID- 6542334 TI - Note on Dipetalonema (Chenofilaria) japonica Uni, 1983 from Japanese black bear. Supplementary description. AB - Supplementary description was made on the specimens of D. (Chenofilaria) japonica from the black bear (Selenarctos thibetanus japonicus) of Japan. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the en face view of the head and the terminal tip of the tail of the female adults. The tail of the male is described in this report, and the microfilaria is confirmed. The adult specimens were found predominantly in the subcutaneous connective tissue near the scapula along with one microfilaria. Microfilariae were not found in the blood. PMID- 6542335 TI - Hippocampal dendritic abnormalities in a rat model of phenylketonuria. AB - An increased concentration of dendritic spines was present in one region of the hippocampus in rats made hyperphenylalaninemic (phenylketonuria model). It is uncertain whether this finding resulted from an actual hyperplasia or a failure of maturational spine reduction. The result is unusual in that Golgi studies of most mental retardation syndromes and relevant animal models have shown loss of dendritic spines. PMID- 6542336 TI - Pluripotential germinal tumor tissue as a source of transplantable graft tissue. PMID- 6542337 TI - Egg yolk-free Baird-Parker medium for the accelerated enumeration of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A simplified procedure is described for the accelerated enumeration of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus. This involves the replacement of egg yolk in the Baird Parker medium with Tween 80 and MgCl2. These compounds, along with pyruvate, allow the recovery of stressed cells of S. aureus on a medium which contains potassium tellurite, LiCl, and glycine as selective agents. Black colonies are identified as S. aureus by the simplified thermonuclease test. PMID- 6542338 TI - Prostaglandin E1 in suspected ductus dependent cardiac malformation. AB - Fifty two sick neonates with major duct dependent cardiac defects were given short term intravenous infusions of prostaglandin E1 (alprostadil) in doses varying between 0.005 and 0.1 micrograms/kg/minute. The object of the study was to try to achieve an effective but safe regiment that could be instituted as soon as such a diagnosis was suspected. Effective clinical improvement was achieved at each dosage but the incidence of side effects seemed to be dose related, and no serious side effects were noted at a dosage of 0.005 to 0.01 micrograms/kg/minute. It is recommended that a low dosage regimen be started before transfer to a paediatric cardiac centre. PMID- 6542339 TI - [HSV II herpetic lesions of the uterine cervix. Cytohistological correlation]. PMID- 6542341 TI - Hypomagnesemia associated with cisplatin combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6542340 TI - [Primary angiosarcoma of the heart. Histoenzymological and ultrastructural study of a case]. PMID- 6542342 TI - Hypomagnesemia after cisplatin combination chemotherapy. AB - Sixty-six patients receiving a five-drug combination chemotherapy regimen containing low-dose cisplatin were studied for the presence of hypomagnesemia. Thirty-eight (76%) of 50 patients receiving treatment every four weeks became hypomagnesemic during treatment. The incidence increased with the cumulative cisplatin dose, ranging from 41% after a single course to 100% of patients receiving six cycles of therapy. The incidence seemed lower in patients receiving the combination with a greater interval (eight weeks v four weeks) between cycles. We report the incidence and severity of hypomagnesemia to be dose dependent. The cause of the higher incidence of hypomagnesemia observed in this series compared with others is unknown but may be related to an interaction of cisplatin with another drug contained in this regimen. PMID- 6542343 TI - Separation of human natural killer cells by temperature sensitivity and soybean agglutinin. PMID- 6542344 TI - [Hemolytic disease of newborn infants caused by anti-Diego antibodies]. AB - A native Cambodian woman delivered a third full-term female baby who had a strongly positive direct antiglobulin test. During the pregnancy and after the delivery, the woman had a negative irregular antibody screening test using standard red blood cell panels, but the indirect antiglobulin test between the mother's serum and the father's red blood cells was strongly positive. The antibody could be eluted from the baby's red blood cells and its was identified as an anti-Dia (Diegoa). The child developed a mild hyperbilirubinemia and recovered without treatment. PMID- 6542345 TI - Alcoholism and fracture healing. A radiological study in the rat. AB - Conventional, SPF, and germ-free Wistar rats of both sexes served as laboratory animals. The 2-month-old animals were alcoholized over a period of 1 year using 5%-20% ethanol. The femurs were then osteotomized and treated surgically. Every 2 weeks the course of healing was controlled radiologically. The findings on the process of healing are presented in this work. PMID- 6542346 TI - [Hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory bed of the broad ligament of the uterus in the presence of collateral circulation]. AB - Structural adaptation of the vascular bed in the broad ligament of the dog uterus has been studied at various time of the experimental phlebohypertension. Restitution of the circulation after the posterior vena cava occulsion occurs phasically. The venous collateralies are not formed at one time and it is connected with the venous pressure level in the inferiocaval system and with some changes in the construction of the microcirculatory bed. Basing on the morphometry data, a general equation has been derived which reflects dynamics of the microangiological parameters and demonstrates unidirectionness of the adaptive reactions in the vascular bed at the disturbed venous circulation. Using principles of the system-structural analysis and the mathematical graph theory, we consider the microcirculatory system of the broad ligament of the uterus as a graph-system and study the reorganization of the microcirculatory network at a venous congestion. Realization of the compensatory possibilities is reached in the microcirculatory bed by a changed relationships in the number of the intervascular connections. The latter are estimated according to the graph schemes of the microvascular bed. Morphokinetics of the connections between the vessels is characterized by widening or narrowing the borders of the "adaptive norm" and by changing the microangioarchitectonics. At the same time, there is noted formation of specialized microhemoangioconstructions. Morphofunctional state of the lymphatic system is connected with reorganization of the angioarchitectonics. This is certain manifestation of the law of the lymphatic and blood beds "synergism". Thus, the structural changes of the vascular bed are aimed to support a certain hemodynamic level. PMID- 6542347 TI - [Pathological anatomy of hemorrhages into the cerebellum of fetuses and newborn infants]. AB - Fifty-eight (6,2%) cases of hemorrhages into the cerebellum (HC) that were found among 899 perinatal and neonatal necropsies were studied; hemorrhages less than 0,5 cm in diameter were not included into the material examined. HC were prodominantly observed in premature newborns. The main cause of death of newborns and intranatally dying fetuses with HC was a skull trauma occurring during delivery. HC were subdivided into 3 groups: 1) those provoked by pressure on the upper surface of cerebellum hemispheres followed by vessel compression; 2) those provoked by blood stasis in cerebellum venae as a result of a venous circulation damage in the brain and sinuses; 3) HC resulting from the blood transport from the fourth ventricle of the brain during intraventricular hemorrhages. The morphology of each HC type is described. The importance of HC recording for the determination of a direct cause of death is stressed. PMID- 6542348 TI - [Pathology of the synapses of the central nervous system]. AB - Combined electron-microscopic and autoradiographic examination of axosomatic and axodendritic synapses in the central nervous system after various extreme exposures (phenamin, alcohol intoxication, local tetanus, shock, radiation trauma) was made. Destructive changes of the synapses and dendritic spines manifested in dissociation of pre- and postsynaptic parts, disorganization of the spine apparatus. Autoradiography revealed a various degree of the exogenous labelled mediator incorporation. PMID- 6542349 TI - Ventilating tubes in the middle ear. Long-term observations. AB - This follow-up study is of the same patients we studied in 1976. Then we thought the results were unsatisfactory in 20.9% of the ears treated with ventilating tubes. The hearing losses varied from 25 to 60 dB and chronic otitis media developed in 7.7% of the cases. We think the results of treatment with ventilating tubes in chronic serous otitis media are not good enough. This study shows that there has been an increase in the number of patients with permanent hearing loss and chronic otitis media than in the first study. PMID- 6542350 TI - Is there a male menopause? AB - Inadequate sexual performance is a common complaint of middle aged men. Many studies have shown that testicular function changes with age (mainly falling testosterone and sperm production associated with rising gonadotrophin levels); the effects are most notable after 70 years and are less obvious in subjects who have good health. PMID- 6542351 TI - Premenstrual tension. PMID- 6542352 TI - Acute salpingitis. Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. AB - Acute salpingitis is occurring with increasing frequency among sexually active young women and is associated with a significant risk of long term morbidity, especially infertility. Clinical diagnosis is difficult because symptoms and signs are nonspecific and their severity is not always commensurate with the tubal pathology. No antibiotic is ideal; the choice should depend on the most likely pathogen in each patient and the severity of her disease. PMID- 6542353 TI - Studies on the apoproteins of the major lipoprotein of the yolk of hen's eggs. V. Protein sulfhydryl groups: accessibility in the lipoprotein and the effect of temperature. AB - Sulfhydryl groups in the apoproteins of the major lipoprotein (density 0.95 g/ml) of hen's egg yolk have been studied by colorimetry, analysis for carboxymethylcysteine, and labelling with [14C]iodo-compounds and their distribution amongst the individual apoproteins (i.e. apovitellenins I-VI) has been determined. In the intact lipoprotein, reaction of sulfhydryl groups with aqueous reagents was slower than in the apoprotein mixture and there were large differences amongst different reagents in the extent of reaction. If the lipoprotein was heated for a short time in 1 mM EDTA above about 70 degrees C and then cooled, more sulfhydryl groups were accessible although the total number did not change. This increase in accessibility was accompanied by the disruption of the lipoprotein structure and an increase in the viscosity of its solutions. Furthermore, the isolated apoprotein mixture was less soluble in urea solutions and formed a gel, probably as a result of cross-linking by inter-protein disulfides. There was also a small change in the distribution of sulfhydryl groups so it is likely that sulfhydryl-disulfide interchanges occurred on heating. It is suggested that such interchanges help determine the physical properties of heated yolk and that in the intact lipoprotein sulfhydryl groups are concealed to prevent sulfhydryl-disulfide interchanges in the egg. PMID- 6542354 TI - Lung lesions in horses fed mist flower (Eupatorium riparium). PMID- 6542355 TI - Defeat, learned submissiveness, and analgesia in mice: effect of genotype. AB - Defeat-induced unconditioned and conditioned behaviors of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice were assessed in a social-learning paradigm. Upon bites, mice of the DBA strain reacted with significantly more escape reactions, while C57 mice showed more immobility, crouch, and defensive sideways and upright postures. Clear genotype dependent patterns were also evident from the conditioned responses recorded 24 h after defeat. DBA mice displayed more escape and defensive sideways and upright postures upon contact with a nonaggressive partner mouse; in contrast, C57 mice reacted with more immobility and crouch. With an increasing number of bites the sum of learned responses increased in C57 mice while it decreased in mice of the DBA strain. This decrement was paralleled by an increase in the analgesic response measured on the hot plate in defeated DBA mice. The possible role of endogenous opioids in the genotype-dependent interaction of defeat-induced learned submissiveness and analgesia is discussed. PMID- 6542356 TI - Adjustment of twin data for the effects of age and sex. PMID- 6542357 TI - No evidence for sex-linked or sex-limited gene expression influencing spatial orientation. PMID- 6542358 TI - Is there only one set of genes for different abilities? A reanalysis of the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (NMSQT) data. PMID- 6542359 TI - A note on the generalized effects of assortative mating. PMID- 6542360 TI - The relationship between pertussis-toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation of a plasma membrane protein and reversal of muscarinic inhibition of prolactin secretion in GH3 cells. AB - Pertussis toxin (PT) caused the ADP-ribosylation of a Mr-41 000 protein in GH3 cell plasma-membrane preparations. This effect, and muscarinic inhibition of prolactin release, were reversed at similar rates by pretreatment of intact cells with PT. These results suggest that the Mr-41 000 protein is modified in intact GH3 cells, and that this protein (a component of the putative Ni unit of adenylate cyclase) is involved in the expression of muscarinic inhibition. PMID- 6542361 TI - Plasma carnitine concentrations in cardiomyopathy patients. AB - Carnitine is an essential cofactor for the beta-oxidation of fats. Both hypertrophic and congestive cardiomyopathies have been reported in primary and secondary carnitine deficiency. Conversely in avian cardiomyopathy models abnormally elevated plasma and tissue carnitine concentrations have been described. We measured plasma carnitine concentrations in 25 cardiomyopathy patients. In 14 patients with either hypertrophic or congestive cardiomyopathy plasma carnitine concentrations were abnormally elevated. Patients with secondary cardiomyopathies tended to have normal carnitine values. One patient with systemic carnitine deficiency was diagnosed. Her cardiac function normalized with L-carnitine replacement. Six of 14 patients with high plasma carnitine concentrations died. None of the 10 with low or normal plasma carnitine have died. Plasma carnitine determination may be a useful adjunct in the diagnostic evaluation of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6542362 TI - Higher tyrosine protein kinase activity in resting lymphocytes than in proliferating normal or leukaemic blood cells. AB - We have studied tyrosine phosphorylation in particulate fractions from 11 leukaemic cell lines by using as substrate either a synthetic tyrosine containing peptide or the endogenous proteins. The results were compared with those obtained using similar fractions from normal lymphocytes and bone marrow cells. Particulate fractions from all the leukaemic cell lines and normal bone marrow cells exhibited lower levels of tyrosine protein kinase activity compared to normal lymphocytes. When the phosphorylation of endogenous substrates was assayed, proteins were phosphorylated on tyrosine residues (rather than serine or threonine residues) to a larger extent in normal lymphocytes than in leukaemic cell lines. Separation of labelled endogenous substrates on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels showed a number of phosphorylated alkali-resistant bands in the range 14-175kd in the lymphoid cell lines; normal lymphocytes exhibited a smaller number of strongly phosphorylated bands. Normal lymphocytes from different individuals showed reproducible patterns of phosphorylated substrates. Normal bone marrow cells and myeloid leukaemia lines showed weak, if any, phosphorylation. Among the leukaemic cell lines no particular pattern of phosphorylated substrates common to cells of similar phenotype could be detected. We suggest that the level of overall tyrosine protein kinase activity in these fractions reflects their position in the cell cycle rather than their normal or malignant status. PMID- 6542363 TI - Radioimmunoassay for alpha-human and rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide. AB - Using a synthetic common carboxy-terminal fragment of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) and alpha-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-rANP), we have produced an antiserum for alpha-ANP(17-28) and established a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for alpha-ANP that recognizes alpha-hANP and alpha-rANP equally. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with the RIA revealed that alpha-hANP-like immunoreactivity (alpha-hANP-LI) in the human atrium consists of three major components, gamma-hANP, alpha-hANP and another. On the other hand, alpha-rANP-LI in the rat atrium comprised at least two components, 13K alpha-rANP-LI and 3K-5K alpha-rANP-LI, which were presumably gamma-rANP and beta-rANP, respectively. Thus, considerable amounts of gamma-hANP and gamma-rANP are present in human right auricles and rat atria, respectively. The RIA established in this study provides a useful tool to investigate the pathophysiological significance of alpha-ANP and related peptides in cardiovascular disorders and shows that gamma-ANP is not only a precursor of alpha-ANP but acts as an important hormone. PMID- 6542364 TI - Human X- and Y-bearing sperm differ in cell surface sialic acid content. AB - Analysis of cell surface charge of human sperm by means of free-flow electrophoresis revealed that the electrophoretic mobility of X-bearing sperm was faster than that of Y-bearing sperm, indicating that X-bearing sperm have a higher net negative charge on the cell surface than do Y-bearing sperm. Sialidase treatment of X- and Y-bearing sperm caused an obvious and progressive reduction in the electrophoretic mobilities of the two types of cells, until they finally merged into a single peak. This observation suggests that the difference in net negative charge between X- and Y-bearing sperm is due mainly to sialic acid content on the cell surface. PMID- 6542365 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor is a circulating hormone. AB - The radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been applied for determination of immunoreactive ANF (IR-ANF) in rat plasma. Immunoreactive ANF has been extracted from rat plasma by immunoaffinity column on Sepharose-4B anti ANF or by Vycor glass. The mean concentrations of IR-ANF in ether anesthetized rats were found to be 1.61 +/- 0.14 ng/ml in female and 1.25 +/- 0.21 ng/ml in male rats when extracted on Sepharose-4B anti-ANF, and 1.21 +/- 0.10 ng/ml in females and 1.02 +/- 0.11 ng/ml in males when extracted by Vycor glass. A close linear correlation has been observed between the plasma IR-ANF concentrations in aorta and jugular vein. The described results indicate that atrial cardiocytes secrete atrial natriuretic factor into plasma. The heart is, therefore, an endocrine organ. PMID- 6542366 TI - Temperature- and dose-dependent internalization of concanavalin A in monolayer culture. AB - When rat hepatoma cells (R117-21B) were incubated for 20 h at 37 degrees C with 125I-labeled concanavalin A at low concentrations (0.5-10 micrograms/ml), only 20 30% of the cell-associated radioactivity was released by alpha-methyl-D mannoside, but at high concentrations (50-500 micrograms/ml), 60-80% of the cell associated radioactivity was released. At 4 degrees C, the cell-associated radioactivity decreased with the increase in concentration of concanavalin A, and more than 80% of the cell-associated radioactivity was released by alpha-methyl-D mannoside. These results suggest that the amount of cell-associated concanavalin A is related to the physicochemical state of the plasma membrane, which can be altered by the incubation temperature or by the concentration of concanavalin A, the transitional concentration being 5-10 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6542367 TI - The antitumor drug, cis diamminedichloro-platinum, inhibits trans plasmalemma electron transport in HeLa cells. AB - Transplasmalemma electron transport which stimulates the growth of HeLa cells is inhibited by the antitumor drug cis diammine dichloro platinum II at concentrations which correlate with cytotoxic effects. The less cytotoxic trans diammine dichloro platinum II has very little effect on the transmembrane dehydrogenase. This selectivity contrasts with the similarity of these compounds in binding to DNA. We propose that part of the selective antitumor action of the cis compound can be based on its inhibition of the transplasmalemma dehydrogenase which stimulates growth. PMID- 6542368 TI - Oxetorone-induced hyperprogesteronemia and the development of uterine decidual lesions in rats. AB - Application of the deciduoma formation test showed that 3-benzofurol[3,2-c][1] benzoxepin-6(12H)-ylidene-N,N-dimethyl-l-propanamin-(E )-2-butenedioate (1:1) (oxetorone, L-6257, Nocertone) stimulated secretion of progesterone by the ovaries in rats and that this hyperprogesteronemia resulted from an increased secretion of prolactin. The studies carried out also showed that the apparition of uterine decidual lesions observed in certain animals undergoing chronic oxetorone treatment was linked to this hyperprogesteronemia. In view of the specific physiology of prolactin in rodents, such uterine lesions can only develop in these animals and cannot occur in man. PMID- 6542369 TI - Endocrinological studies with (7 alpha, 17 alpha)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn 5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one (Org OD 14). AB - A novel steroid, (7 alpha, 17 alpha)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20 yn-3-one (Org OD 14), is described which has concomitant weak estrogenic, progestational and androgenic activities. This hormonal profile was demonstrated using various endocrinological tests and the results were evaluated in terms of well-known reference compounds. It has been well established that combinations of estrogens, androgens and progestagens exert positive or synergistic effects on certain target organs, e.g. the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and antagonistic or complementary effects on others, e.g. on the endometrium. Org OD 14 with estrogenic, androgenic and progestational activities can therefore be expected to induce complex effects on various target organs. This explains the observed effects of the compound on hypothalamic-pituitary axis, bone-loss, endometrium and sexual behaviour. PMID- 6542370 TI - Metabolic fact of 14C-isosorbide 5-mononitrate in humans. AB - Single oral doses of 20 mg of the carbon-14 labelled form of the antianginal drug isosorbide 5-mononitrate (5-ISMN, Elantan) were essentially completely absorbed and excreted fairly rapidly in the urine. Means of 24, 52, 78, 93 and 96% dose were excreted during 6, 12, 24, 48 and 120 h, respectively. Concentrations of 14C reached peak levels at about 1-2 h when about 86% of the 14C was associated with the parent drug, 5-ISMN (peak mean level 430 ng/ml), and the remainder mainly with the pharmacologically-inactive denitrated product isosorbide. Because the plasma (and urinary) half-life of isosorbide was longer (about 8-9 h) than that of 5-ISMN (about 4.5 h), the proportions of the former in plasma increased relative to the latter. Concentrations of 14C in whole-blood and plasma were similar, implying that 5-ISMN diffused into blood cells. Concentrations of 5-ISMN in saliva and plasma were almost identical, presumably because of the almost negligible plasma protein binding of the drug (less than 5%). At least five metabolites of 5-ISMN were detected in urine - these were isosorbide (about 37% dose), conjugated material (about 25% dose) presumably mainly 5-ISMN-glucuronide, sorbitol (about 7% dose), the parent drug 5-ISMN (about 2% dose) and two unidentified metabolites (about 7 and 4% dose, respectively). The conjugated material was excreted in the urine relatively more rapidly than the denitrated product, isosorbide. PMID- 6542371 TI - Postsurgical adjuvant treatment of malignant melanoma patients by the thymic factor thymostimulin. AB - 37 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) were randomized, after surgical removal of tumor, to either no further treatment or to adjuvant treatment by the thymic factor thymostimulin (TS; Tp-1 Serono). 26 patients were with primary (stage I) MM (tumor thickness greater than 1.25 mm), and 11 patients with local or regional disease spread (stage II MM). Randomization was done separately for each disease stage. Life table analysis of the results indicates that significantly (p less than 0.01) more patients were free of disease at one year on study if treated by TS than if left untreated. Probability of survival was also better (p = 0.05) in the TS-treated group at 15 months on study. No side effects, toxic or allergic, were observed under TS treatment. PMID- 6542372 TI - Drug combinations--concepts and terminology. AB - The terms "synergism" and "antagonism" are used inconsistently in pharmacology and toxicology designating different circumstances. This is a source of recurring scientific conflict. The present paper elucidates the existing discrepancies, and offers a consistent terminology incorporating also such terms as "additivity", "potentiation", and "simple similarity". PMID- 6542373 TI - Effect of verapamil on purified bovine carbonic anhydrase. An in vitro study. AB - Relying on previous data which prove the activation of purified and gastric mucosa carbonic anhydrase by interaction of histamine with calcium ions, the present paper investigates the effect of verapamil, a specific antagonist of calcium transport, on purified bovine red cell carbonic anhydrase. In vitro determination of enzymatic activity according to Maren's micromethod showed that verapamil, in concentrations ranging from 10(-8)-10(-3) mol/l inhibits carbonic anhydrase basal activity in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, at 10(-3) mol/l verapamil concentration - representing its maximal effect - carbonic anhydrase basal activity drops from 2114 +/- 244 IU to 1100 +/- 86 IU (p less than 0.01). At this concentration, the drug antagonizes the activating effect of histamine: while maximum concentration (10(-2) mol/l) of histamine activates the enzyme from 2116 +/- 182 IU to 3979 +/- 411 IU the enzyme activity in the presence of verapamil changes in a non-significant way to 2162 +/- 148 IU (p less than 0.10). As calcium was omitted from the in vitro system, the mechanism described here is probably independent of ion transport inhibition. The physiologic importance of this effect for gastric secretion is to be further clarified. PMID- 6542374 TI - Action of creatinol-O-phosphate on the contractility changes evoked by hypoxia and ischemia in rat isolated heart. AB - The effect of creatinol-O-phosphate (N-methyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)guanidine O phosphate, creatinolfosfate, Aplodan) pretreatment has been studied on the recovery of contractility of rat isolated heart after hypoxia or ischemia. In normoxia creatinol-O-phosphate (100 mumol/l) evoked a positive inotropic effect only when glucose was present in the physiological solution, it also evoked a slight negative chronotropic effect that was independent of glucose. When creatinol-O-phosphate was present during hypoxia, in the physiological solution, the recovery of the contraction after reoxygenation (in the absence of the drug) was improved in a dose-dependent manner. When creatinol-O-phosphate was present in the physiological solution before ischemia, the recovery of the contractility after reperfusion was higher than in controls; the presence of creatinol-O phosphate during reperfusion after ischemia accelerated the recovery of contractility. The action of creatinol-O-phosphate on the recovery of cardiac contractility after ischemia was also observed in hearts partially protected with a cardioplegic solution. It is suggested that creatinol-O-phosphate could exert its cardioprotective effect by an action on anaerobic glycolysis. PMID- 6542375 TI - Hemodynamic profile of the antihypertensive vasodilator cadralazine in conscious dogs. AB - Hemodynamic activity of cadralazine (ethyl-2-[6-(2-hydroxypropyl)-ethylaminol-3 pyridazinyl hydrazine carboxylate), a new, long-acting antihypertensive agent, was evaluated on systemic and regional circulation in conscious dogs. Cadralazine given i.v. (1 mg/kg) caused a sustained fall in total peripheral vascular resistances and mean blood pressure (from 103 to 90 mmHg) and an increase in heart rate (from 97 to 161 beats/min). Heart rate variations paralleled the drop in peripheral resistances. Cadralazine produced a consistent increase in cardiac output, and this effect was related to the increase in heart rate. No significant change in myocardial contractility was observed. Blood flow was increased and vascular resistances decreased in coronary, iliac and mostly in renal vascular beds, whereas the variations in the mesenteric district were not significant. This hemodynamic pattern characterizes cadralazine as a vasodilator. Changes in hemodynamic responses to epinephrine (1 microgram/kg i.v.) after cadralazine treatment were also evaluated. Cadralazine reduced hypertension and bradycardia effects, increased hypotension and tachycardia responses, and caused a further increase in cardiac output and coronary blood flow. These effects of cadralazine are not due to alpha-blocking or to beta-stimulating properties. PMID- 6542376 TI - Inhibition of nitrate-induced increase of plasma nitrite and methemoglobinemia in rats by simultaneous feeding of ascorbic acid or tocopherol. AB - The formation of plasma nitrite and levels of methemoglobin (MH) were studied after oral treatment with NaNO3 in female SD rats. No effects were observed when NaNO3 was administered in aqueous solution. However, feeding of diets containing an added 5% NaNO3 daily during 1 h significantly increased plasma NO2- and MH. These effects were significantly inhibited by the addition of ascorbic acid or of tocopherol to the NaNO3-containing diet. The transplacental transfer of NO2- was demonstrated as well as fetal methemoglobinemia. PMID- 6542377 TI - [Animal experimental studies on the question of the interaction of paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid]. AB - The mutual effects of acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol used in combination were studied in rats and mice. The antiexudative effects of acetylsalicylic acid in the edema tests on the hind paw of the rat, the antipyretic activity against yeast-fever of the rat and the analgesic effect on the inflamed hind paw of the rat was potentiated by paracetamol given simultaneously. The biosynthesis of prostaglandins in vitro by an enzyme preparation from bovine seminal vesicles was inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol in additive synergistic mode. The hepatotoxicity of paracetamol in mice measured by an increase of GOT in serum is antagonized by acetylsalicylic acid in dose-dependent manner. The suppression of the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol by acetylsalicylic acid in mice is not the consequence of interaction during absorption. The 3H-content of the liver following an oral dose of 3H-paracetamol is not influenced by acetylsalicylic acid given in combination with paracetamol. The mechanism of interactions between acetylsalicylic acid and paracetamol is discussed. PMID- 6542378 TI - International Symposium on Human Trematode Infections in Southeast and East Asia. Kyongju, Republic of Korea, October 19-21, 1983. Proceedings. PMID- 6542379 TI - Socio-economic and cultural aspects of human trematode infections in Korea. AB - Liver, lung and intestinal trematode infections in Korea are a public health problem, as 3 to 4 million individuals appear to be infected. Corresponding with recently developed and established strategies to control the major endemic trematode infections, also a country specific national control project in Korea is being considered. It concerns the three human trematode infections prevalent in this country, namely clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis and metagonimiasis. In addition to chemotherapy, approaches based on local conditions may be included in such strategies in order to achieve the best possible results. The present paper tries to identify the human socio-economic and cultural factors traditionally involved in the transmission of these trematode infections in Korea. It also describes the changes of patterns of agricultural practices and general environmental modifications that have been achieved by the socio-economic development even in rural communities as concerns the transmission of these parasitic infections. Based on these behavioural and environmental factors, the prevalence of these infections decreased even without any application of mass chemotherapy. Consequently, it can be expected that further health educational and mass chemotherapy programmes will drastically reduce transmission. Cooperation of communities involved will certainly contribute to making control measures a success. PMID- 6542380 TI - Public health aspects of opisthorchiasis in Thailand. AB - Opisthorchiasis is one of the diseases of public health importance in Thailand. It has been estimated that approximately 7 million of the population harbour this liver fluke. Although the mortality rate is not high, the morbidity causes increased loss of man power (work days lost) and economic problems to the people. The infection is common among the rural population of Northeast Thailand, which has increased from 3.5 million in 1965 to 5.4 million in 1981. This high prevalence is due to the population explosion and adverse effects of development of reservoirs and large scale irrigation systems in the area, thereby increasing the fisheries of intermediate hosts. The increased prevalence is also attributed to lack of proper sanitation facilities and people's customary habit of eating raw fish. In spite of control measures to reduce the prevalence rate through improved sanitation and health education, success could not be achieved. It is, however, hoped that through extended primary health care, intensified health education and mass treatment with the drug of choice, the campaign to control opisthorchiasis will finally meet with success. PMID- 6542381 TI - Results of toxicological studies on praziquantel. AB - Praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7, 11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1 a]isoquinolin-4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) is an anthelminthic drug with activity against all species of schistosomes pathogenic to man and a wide range of cestodes, including the cysticerci of Taenia solium in human tissues and organs, also the CNS. Praziquantel does not reveal any undesired pharmacodynamic effects. After oral administration praziquantel is quantitatively and rapidly absorbed, metabolized and excreted as a variety of metabolites predominantly via the kidneys. The acute toxicity in rats, mice, rabbits and dogs is very low. Rats tolerated by oral administration doses of up to 1000 mg/kg repeated daily for four weeks, and dogs up to 180 mg/kg for 13 weeks without any organ damage. Praziquantel did not disturb reproduction in rats (up to F2-generation), nor did it reveal teratogenic effects in mice, rats and rabbits. In extensive mutagenicity trials performed by different laboratories worldwide, in a variety of test systems, no induction of point mutations, gene conversion, DNA-repair, sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), or X-linked recessive lethals was detected. Besides, Salmonella tests with urines of praziquantel treated mice, rats, healthy and Schistosoma-infected persons gave no indication of a mutagenic effect. In different in vivo mammalian assays praziquantel not mutagenic either. Low toxicity of praziquantel was not mutagenic either. Low toxicity of praziquantel was demonstrated also in the combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity tests which were performed in rats and Syrian hamsters. In none of these species praziquantel exerted a carcinogenic action, and both doses were tolerated. PMID- 6542382 TI - Clonorchiasis: treatment with praziquantel in 50 cases. AB - Of 50 patients infected with Clonorchis sinensis, 3 groups were formed and treated with different doses of praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin- 4-one). 24 patients out of 50 were followed up for 3 months and another 10 for 6 months. It is evident that this single-day treatment is effective and satisfactory. In 5 patients with glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency no haemolysis occurred. PMID- 6542383 TI - Opisthorchis viverrini: life cycle, intermediate hosts, transmission to man and geographical distribution in Thailand. AB - Opisthorchis viverrini has been found to be the only species of liver fluke in Thailand. The morphology is similar to that of O. felineus, but it has more deeply lobated testes, situated near the ovary. The appearance and distribution of the vitellaria with few granular clumps and the shorter and wider egg closely resemble that of C. sinensis. The adult worms live in the biliary system. Eggs pass out in faeces. On reaching water the eggs are eaten by snails, the first intermediate host. In the snail the miracidia hatch and develop further through the stages of sporocysts, rediae and cercariae in six to eight weeks. The cercariae then leave the snail, penetrate into susceptible fresh water fish, encyst in the muscle and develop into metacercariae, and infective stage, in six weeks. When ingested by man or animal the metacercariae excyst in the duodenum or jejunum and then migrate to the bile duct. They become mature within four weeks and begin to produce eggs. The life span of the fluke is over 10 years. The snail intermediate hosts are Bithynia goniomphalus, B. funiculata and B. siamensis. Many species of cyprinoid fish serve as second intermediate host; Cyclocheilichthys siaja is the most important. Cats, dogs and many fish eating mammals are definitive hosts. Man and animals acquire infection by eating raw fish containing metacercariae cysts. In Northeast Thailand "Koi-Pla" is the most popular raw fish dish. In 1980-1981 the prevalence in the north, northeast, centre and south of Thailand was 5.59, 34.60, 6.34, and 0.01%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 14% or 7 million people. PMID- 6542384 TI - Opisthorchis viverrini infection: pathogenesis and clinical features. AB - The pathological changes are more or less related to the intensity and the duration of the infection, and are commonly seen in older patients with a large number of flukes. The pathogenesis is due to the mechanical irritation by the flukes and some toxic substances produced by them. Lesions are mainly confined to the biliary system. There is hyperplasia of the epithelial cells lining the bile ducts. In heavy and severe infections there are obstruction of the biliary tract, bile retention, extensive hyperplasia of the biliary system, with glandular proliferation of papillomatous and adenomatous type, cholangitis, periductal infiltration with eosinophils, round cells and fibrosis in the portal areas, necrosis and atrophy of hepatic cells. The bile ducts are dilated and in late cases saccular or cystic formations may develop into large cysts. The gallbladder may enlarge and contain white bile. The liver profile is generally normal. The majority of cases are symptomless. Clinical features vary from mild to severe. The symptoms and signs are vague gastro-intestinal symptoms, flatulence, anorexia, lassitude, weight loss, dull pain at the right hypochondrium, hot cutaneous sensation of the abdomen, and enlargement of the liver with some tenderness. In few cases the manifestations are severe. There is relapsing cholangitis, the patient is seriously ill and may succumb to septic shock. Cholangiocarcinoma, gallstones and obstructive jaundice are not unusual associations. PMID- 6542385 TI - Some immunological aspects of opisthorchiasis. AB - Information regarding the development of acquired immunity in opisthorchiasis is particularly relevant if one is attempting eradication of the disease, e.g. by anthelmintic chemotherapy. Clinical observations in patients with opisthorchiasis suggest that if acquired immunity develops at all, it is of low degree. Using hamsters as experimental model, it was recently demonstrated that prior infection with Opisthorchis viverrini failed to confer protection against reinfection, regardless of the size of the challenging dose. These observations are not entirely unexpected because O. viverrini does not normally invade tissues during development in mammalian hosts. Therefore, the chance of stimulating the host immune system is minimal in this infection. In the present study, attempts were made to potentiate the immunity of hamsters with crude somatic extract of O. viverrini, with or without previous infection with 5 metacercariae. The animals were treated by an intraperitoneal injection of 200 micrograms of antigen in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and were challenged with 25 metacercariae (Mc) 3 weeks later. As was to be expected, immunization of animals that had never been infected before did not provoke any immune response against a subsequent challenge infection. On the other hand, immunization of animals that had been infected previously with 5 Mc appeared to have developed some degree of immune response against a subsequent challenge with 25 Mc. Compared with unimmunized infected controls which received only CFA and the 25 Mc challenge, there was about 30% reduction in the worm burden in the group immunized with somatic extract. It is anticipated that with a better method of immunization, a higher degree of protection may be achieved. PMID- 6542386 TI - Opisthorchis viverrini: clinical experience with praziquantel in Hospital for Tropical Diseases. AB - Praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]++ +isoquinolin- 4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) has been used in 4853 patients with Opisthorchis viverrini infection. 786 patients were treated as inpatients with extensive clinical evaluation and the rest were out-patients. A cure rate (evaluated with 5 faecal samples) of 100% was obtained in groups given 6 X 25 mg/kg on 2 days and 3 X 25 mg/kg on 1 day, while in groups given 2 X 25 mg/kg, 1 X 25 mg/kg and 1 X 40 mg/kg all on 1 day the cure rates were 88, 44 and 91%, respectively. With one sample evaluation the parasitological cure rate was 96% in further 96 patients excreting the geometric mean (GM) of 5394 eggs per gram (EPG) and receiving 1 X 40 mg/kg. Another 68 patients with an egg output of 26044 (GM/EPG) and treated with 1 X 50 mg/kg showed a cure rate of 97% by similar evaluation. Side effects were mild and transient and were more frequent in higher dosage groups. They included anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, epigastric pain, rumbling in the abdomen, diarrhoea, lassitude, myalgia, headache, dizziness, sleeplessness, sleepiness, "hot sensation", shortness of breath, and skin rash in a few cases. Headache (30.7%) was most common in the 6 X 25 mg/kg group. In 53 patients with severe jaundice the side effects were similar. There was no evidence of toxicity. Remarkable was one patient treated with 1 X 50 mg/kg who expelled 5636 O. viverrini worms, most of which were elongated and damaged. When a single dose is prescribed it should be given at bed time to reduce the side effect of sedation. PMID- 6542388 TI - Therapeutic results in opisthorchiasis with praziquantel in a reinfection-free environment in France. AB - 108 patients coming to France from Southeast Asia were treated with praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4 one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) for opisthorchiasis. All patients, 31 children and 77 adults, were examined at the Department of Parasitic Diseases 30 to 90 days after arrival in France. They came from Laos (79 cases), Viet Nam (4 cases) and Cambodia (25 cases), generally via Thailand. 6 heavy (10 000-19 999 eggs per gram of faeces, EPG), 23 moderate (1000-9999 EPG) and 79 light infections (1-999 EPG) were detected. Praziquantel was given at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight, three times on a single day at intervals of 4 h. The biological tolerability was excellent without any variation of the biological norm values (47 parameters). Clinical tolerability was perfect in 48 patients and pretty good in the 60 remaining cases. We only observed, for one or two days, lassitude, headache, drowsiness, nausea, epigastric pain or arthralgia-myalgia always of weak or moderate intensity. The therapeutic efficacy is remarkable with 100% cure in all patients who were followed-up for 90 days. All earlier controls (7th, 20th, 40th days) were always negative except for one child with a light infection still weakly positive at the 7th, 20th and 40th day controls but negative, too, after 90 days. PMID- 6542387 TI - Roentgenographically controlled healing of gallbladder lesions in opisthorchiasis after praziquantel treatment. AB - In a study, gallbladder lesions due to Opisthorchis viverrini infection were controlled roentgenographically after treatment with praziquantel (2 cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin- 4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide). The place of study was the Khon Kaen Hospital, Northeast Thailand. Included in the study were 20 patients with impairment of gallbladder function; 7 of them were males and 13 females. Their age ranged from 27 to 60 years (mean 47.4), eggs per gram (EPG) ranged from 800 to 30,000 (geometric mean 4321). The laboratory parameters were within normal limits. Praziquantel 3 X 25 mg/kg per kg body weight was given on Day 0 and all patients were parasitologically cured within 60 days. Oral cholecystography was performed to evaluate the function and size of the gallbladder and intravenous cholangiography for the common bile duct on Days 0, 14, 60, 120 and 180. The results were: (a) very large and severe dysfunction of gallbladder seen in three patients returned to normal in 60, 60 and 180 days; (b) moderate dysfunction was present in 13 patients, all but one returned to normal: 6 in 14 days, 1 in 21 days, 2 in 60 days, 1 in 120 days and 2 in 180 days. The only patient who showed no change had diabetes mellitus and moderate dysfunction of the gallbladder for one year prior to treatment; (c) mild dysfunction: all 4 patients were normal in 14 days. The common bile duct was enlarged in 3 patients (1.2, 1.3, 1.5 cm); no significant changes were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542389 TI - Paragonimus westermani: life cycle, intermediate hosts, transmission to man and geographical distribution in Korea. AB - Since discovery of this lung fluke in 1878 by Kerbert, Paragonimus westermani has been found to occur in many parts of Asia. Recently, however, it was detected that there exists a bisexual type and also a parthenogenetic type of the lung fluke which has been called P. westermani for a century. The natural definitive hosts other than man include a wide range of mammals. Adult worms are localized in the lungs. The eggs excreted with sputum and reaching water develop into miracidia in water. Miracidia hatch and finally enter molluscan hosts and mature to microcercous cercariae. Then, cercariae invade crustacean hosts and mature to metacercariae. When metacercariae are ingested by the definitive host, they excyst in the small intestine and migrate to the lungs via the peritoneal cavity. The circuitous route of migration allows the worms to lodge and mature in ectopic locations, too. Intermediate hosts are fairly restricted: in Korea, molluscan hosts are Semisulcospira libertina and other species of Semisulcospira depending on the endemic locality. Common crustacean hosts are Eriocheir japonicus, E. sinensis and Cambaroides similis. Human infection may result from consumption of parasitized raw freshwater crabs or crayfish, often soaked in soy bean sauce to improve taste. Recently, paragonimiasis was found to occur in individuals eating slices of wild boar meat harbouring immature P. westermani. Pigs are important paratenic hosts of P. westermani. P. westermani occurs usually in hilly and mountainous stream valleys. The parthenogenetic type is common in Korea. The bisexual type is found rarely and only in the southern part of Korea. PMID- 6542390 TI - Paragonimus westermani: pathogenesis and clinical features of infection. AB - PATHOGENESIS: Although the pathogenesis of human infection of P. westermani is not fully elucidated, experimental infections of cats or dogs could explain the early phase of paragonimiasis. As the larvae of P. westermani penetrate the intestinal wall and localize in the peritoneal cavity there appears to be a considerable migration inside the abdominal cavity before they direct toward the chest cavity through the diaphragm. Approximately 20 days following experimental infection with metacercariae by oral route first pathological changes can be detected in the pleural cavity with turbid or haemorrhagic exudation containing also numerous pus cells. Also juvenile parasites are often found in the pleural cavity. The diaphragm is another organ that is heavily affected by penetrating larvae and by surrounding intense inflammatory reactions that develop about 25 days after infection. The worms finally get into the lung parenchyma and induce acute exudative pneumonitis and haemorrhage. They gradually mature and are encysted, thereby producing zones of active inflammation with exudate and of collagenous fibrous tissue. The worms are found usually in pairs. When grown up, these worms are often found inside the bronchial lumen lined with bronchial epithelia of squamous metaplastic character. The cysts consist of the parasite and of dense collagenous connective tissue including various inflammatory cells and eosinophils. CLINICAL FEATURES: The most remarkable clinical feature is cough and blood-tinged sputum. In 1907 paragonimiasis was classified into 4 types: chest paragonimiasis, cerebral paragonimiasis, abdominal paragonimiasis and generalized paragonimiasis. The clinical symptoms of chest paragonimiasis are haemoptysis in some cases, and quite a few patients complain of difficulty in breathing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542391 TI - Paragonimus heterotremus and other Paragonimus spp. in Thailand: pathogenesis, clinic and treatment. AB - Six species of Paragonimus have been reported in Thailand: P. siamensis in cat, bandicoot and rat; P. bangkokensis in mongoose; P. harinasutai in cat and dog (experiment); P. macrochis in bandicoot and rat; P. westermani in tiger and P. heterotremus in cat, dog and man. It is interesting to note that in 1965 two immature P. heterotremus worms were recovered for the first time in man, namely in subcutaneous swellings in a boy; in 1981 nine mature P. heterotremus worms were expectorated after praziquantel treatment. P. heterotremus has been postulated to be the main cause of human paragonimiasis in Thailand. The clinical manifestation of paragonimiasis heterotremus is similar to paragonimiasis westermani. In the 1960's and 1970's bithionol was used to treat paragonimiasis, the cure rate was only 50-60%, and side effects including urticaria, rash, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and dizziness were common. In the past 4 years, niclofolan and praziquantel (2-cyclohexyl-carbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b hexahydro - 4H - pyrazino [2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) have been used. A single dose of 2 mg/kg body weight of niclofolan yielded 100% cure rate. Praziquantel at dosages of 3 X 25 mg/kg body weight daily for one day and two days gave 80% and 100% cure rates, respectively. The eggs disappeared in 2-3 weeks with improvement of symptoms and signs, but radiologically lesions took a few months or more to clear, depending on size and severity. Side effects in the niclofolan group were higher; in the praziquantel group side effects were minimal and no toxic effects were detected. PMID- 6542392 TI - Paragonimiasis in the Philippines: current status. AB - Paragonimiasis in the Philippines was first reported in 1907. The first attempt to study its life cycle was made in 1941 when metacercariae of Paragonimus were found in fresh-water mountain crabs. At present the causative agent of human paragonimiasis in this country is Paragonimus westermani, although the new name, Paragonimus philippinensis, has been proposed instead. The second species of Paragonimus, Paragonimus siamensis, was reported in cats in 1973. The prevalence of disease in two endemic areas ranges from 0.5 to 12%. Transmission to man is attributed to the preparation of local delicacies using raw crab juice, eating of undercooked roasted crabs by children and eating of raw crabs by adult males with local alcoholic drinks. Microscopic examination of sedimented sputum collected over 24 h and dissolved in 3% sodium hydroxide appears to be the best diagnostic technique when performed twice. Intradermal testing followed by sputum examination is recommended in paragonimiasis surveys. Bithionol and probably praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]++ +isoquinolin- 4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) are drugs of choice for treatment. The first intermediate hosts are Antemelania asperata and Antemelania dactylus, formerly Brotia asperata, with an infection rate of less than 1%, while the second intermediate crustacean host is Sundathelphusa philippina, formerly Parathelphusa grapsoides, with an infection rate ranging from 50 to 100%. So far, the natural animal reservoir hosts are cats, dogs and field rats. PMID- 6542393 TI - Paragonimiasis: experimental and clinical experience with praziquantel in Korea. AB - The effect of praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H pyrazino[2,1-a]++ +isoquinolin- 4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) on the ultrastructure of Paragonimus westermani was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro experiments, P. westermani was less sensitive to praziquantel. Only very few vacuoles were formed in the tegumental syncytium after incubation in 100 micrograms/ml for 60 min. However, in vivo the parasite was successfully destroyed by praziquantel. In fine structural changes of P. westermani obtained from experimentally infected dogs after treatment, bleb-like structures were formed at the papillae near the two suckers and bubble-like vacuoles and vesicles in the tegumental syncytium were observed along the basement membrane being detached from the circular muscles of the worm. It was also observed that many host cells invaded the exposed muscular layer of the worm after exfoliation of the tegument and the interior of the parasite was heavily damaged by those host cells. In our clinical trials, complete cure was obtained in 10 patients given praziquantel at a dosage of 3 X 25 mg/kg body weight for 3 consecutive days and with a dosage of 3 X 25 mg/kg for 2 consecutive days, 18 (85.7%) of 21 patients were cured. On the other hand, the dosage of 3 X 25 mg/kg on one day cured 15 (71.4%) out of 21 patients. Nine uncured cases were treated again with dosages of 3 X 25 mg/kg for 2 or 3 consecutive days. Only two out of nine failed to be completely cured and a very small number of eggs were detected again in their sputum and faeces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542394 TI - Paragonimiasis: treatment with praziquantel in 40 human cases and in 1 cat. AB - 40 patients infected with P. westermani were divided into 3 groups and treated with praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1 a]++ +isoquinolin- 4-one) by 3 different dosages. Parasitological cure was achieved in 27/40 patients, i.e. 67.5%. Details are given in this short communication. PMID- 6542395 TI - Pre- and posttreatment serodiagnosis for paragonimiasis. AB - An undebatable diagnosis of paragonimiasis depends on the recovery of eggs from sputum or stools. Recovery of eggs, however, is not easy and often very difficult in cases of infection of low intensity, of latent clinical symptomatology, of previous but insufficient chemotherapy and in cases of P. miyazakii infection. A considerable amount of work on immunological diagnosis has been done, and it is well known that positive serological tests for paragonimiasis are closely connected with the survival of worms in the patient. In follow-up studies after treatment, the antibody titers of the complement fixation test in cured patients showed a tendency of decrease immediately after treatment and finally became negative during a period of 1 to 12 months. Haemagglutination and immunofluorescence tests also showed a tendency of decreasing titers. Results became negative within 18 months after treatment. The precipitin bands of Ouchterlony and immunoelectrophoresis became negative during a period of 3 to 24 months after successful treatment. From the above mentioned results it is evident that serological tests are very useful parameters for the assessment of cure. PMID- 6542396 TI - Application of different Paragonimus antigens to immunodiagnosis of human lung fluke infection. AB - Utilizing enzyme immunoassay, Paragonimus africanus, P. uterobilateralis, P. ecuadoriensis and P. westermani antigens were tested with regard to their reactivity to sera from patients infected with Paragonimus africanus, P. uterobilateralis, P. ecuadoriensis, Fasciola hepatica, Opisthorchis viverrini, different schistosomes, Cysticercus cellulosae, nematodes and from patients with nonparasitic diseases as well as from healthy blood donors. Simultaneous application of Paragonimus antigens to each serum led to a pattern of reactivity which rendered possible species-specific diagnosis. Most distinct cross reactivity occurred with fascioliasis sera, followed by opisthorchiasis, schistosomiasis and sera from patients with cysticercosis. Cross-reactivity was observed to least extent when P. westermani antigen was applied. A follow-up study of 42 paragonimiasis patients treated with praziquantel (2 cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7, 11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) demonstrated that substantial decrease of IgG antibodies occurred between the first and sixth months after therapy, whereas change of IgE antibody levels was less conclusive. PMID- 6542397 TI - Metagonimiasis in Korea. AB - Of the intestinal trematode infections in Korea, metagonimiasis is the most important under public health aspects. In a nationwide survey in 1981, at least 450,000 people (1.2%) were found infected. The endemic areas are scattered along rivers which run to the southern and eastern coast, where more than 20% of villagers are commonly infected. The snail hosts of Metagonimus yokogawai are either Semisulcospira spp. or Koreanomelania spp. The fish hosts are sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) and many species of cyprinid fish, of which the former is the more important source of infection. Dog, cat and rat are found naturally infected in endemic areas. Sweetfish frequently have more than 10,000 metacercariae in their muscles. In autumn, the metacercarial burden reaches its zenith, when the fish is sweetest. Eating only one raw sweetfish may result in severe abdominal pain, prostration and watery diarrhoea, However, in endemic areas, many egg discharging cases rarely suffer from diarrhoea and abdominal pain. The symptoms seem mainly to depend on the degree of infection. But also duration of infection seems to be a factor which determines the intensity of symptoms. In experimental infection of cat or dog, juvenile worms thrive into crypts of Lieberkuhn in the jejunum for about 5 days. Thereafter, the adults move to the intervillous space and destroy the enterocytes. Adults rarely reach the submucosa or lymphatic tissues. In rather heavy infection, mucosal damage such as villi fusion, villi shortening, slight hypertrophy of crypts, goblet cell depletion, inflammatory cell infiltration and shortening of microvilli were observed. These pathologic findings regress within 4 weeks of infection though adult worms still live in the mucosa. PMID- 6542398 TI - Efficacy of praziquantel on fasciolopsiasis. AB - A therapeutic study with praziquantel (2-cyclohexylcarbonyl - 1,2,3,6,7, 11b - hexahydro - 4H - pyrazino [2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) was carried out in a primary school in Central Thailand. 72 children harbouring Fasciolopsis buski were randomized and were then given single dose of 40, 25 and 15 mg/kg bwt, respectively. Unwanted side effects were mild and transient. They were more frequent after the higher dosages. F. buski flukes with damaged tegument were excreted in stools. Cure rates in all regimens were 100%. The authors recommend a single dose of 15 mg/kg of praziquantel at bed time for the treatment of fasciolopsiasis. PMID- 6542399 TI - Diagnostic tools for Schistosoma japonicum in control programmes. AB - Parasitological diagnostic techniques for control programmes should be inexpensive, quantitative and highly reliable. For parasitological diagnosis of Schistosoma japonicum infection in the field, the merthiolate-iodine-formaldehyde concentration (MIFC) technique has been widely used. This technique requires expensive laboratory equipment, including a centrifuge, its sensitivity is limited and the results are not reproducible quantitatively. The cellophane smear technique (Kato) is simple, reproducible and has been adapted as a quantitative measure of S. japonicum infection. The miracidial hatching technique is simple and highly sensitive but has not been well standardized for quantitative measurements. Ideally, immunodiagnostic tests for use in control programmes should be at least as sensitive and slightly less specific than the current parasitological techniques to assure detection of most infected persons. Recent evaluations of S. japonicum egg and adult antigens in various immunoassay systems indicate that immunodiagnosis may play an important role in the monitoring and surveillance phase of schistosomiasis control. PMID- 6542400 TI - Changing patterns of some trematode infections in Asia. AB - In certain areas of Asia the pattern of trematode infections in both man and animals seems to have changed in the recent past. On Taiwan, for example, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsiasis and schistosomiasis were at one time highly endemic in certain locations, but in recent years these parasitoses have been difficult to find in definitive, intermediate as well as reservoir hosts. Education, industrialization, alterations in the ecology and the use of modern agricultural practices have contributed to the changes. Conversely, it appears that human clonorchiasis is increasing in Taiwan while in Hong Kong, the disease, once highly prevalent, seems to be decreasing due to control measures implemented in China; the source of infected fish for Hong Kong residents has been China. Furthermore, Clonorchis sinensis infections are more common in higher income groups of Hong Kong since imported fish are more expensive. Along the same line, metagonimiasis is more common among the more affluent sports fishermen in Japan who eat mountain-stream trout as "sashimi" soon after the catch. One of the most dramatic changes in the prevalence of a trematode disease has been in the Lindu Lake region of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Echinostomiasis lindoensis was highly endemic in the area and human infection was acquired by eating infected Corbicular sp. clams. The fish Tilapia mossambica was subsequently introduced into the lake and competed for food with the clam and ate the glochidial larval stages of the clam. The clams are no longer present in the lake and consequently, the parasitosis has disappeared.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542401 TI - Large scale treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infections with praziquantel under field conditions. AB - A study on mass treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infections with praziquantel (2 cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a] isoquinolin-4-one, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) was performed in order to find out the most effective and convenient administration scheme of this drug. 3543 (12.3%) out of 28 826 examined individuals were found to be infected with C. sinensis. First, the cellophane thick smear technique was used. Then the infected people were reexamined for determination of EPG (eggs per gram) using Stoll's egg counting technique. Of the infected cases, 2958 individuals were divided into 3 groups and treated with the following three administration schemes of praziquantel: 1. 40 mg/kg X 1 in one day; 2. 30 mg/kg X 2 (total 60 mg/kg) in one day; 3. 30 mg/kg X 3 (total 90 mg/kg) in one day; To evaluate drug efficacy, another stool examination was undertaken 2 months after treatment. Of the treated cases, 2,797 people could be evaluated by both cellophane thick smear and egg counting examinations. The results obtained were as follows: 1. When 40 mg/kg of praziquantel were administered once a day, the cure rate (egg negative conversion rate) was 87.1% and the egg reduction rate was 97.6%. 2. With the dose of 30 mg/kg twice a day with 5-h interval, the cure rate was 94.9% and egg reduction rate was 99.0%. 3. The dosage of 30 mg/kg three times a day with 5-h intervals resulted in 91.4% cure rate and 99.9% egg reduction. The treated cases were reexamined 5 h after drug intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542402 TI - A pilot project for controlling O. viverrini infection in Nong Wai, Northeast Thailand, by applying praziquantel and other measures. AB - In a pilot control project of Opisthorchis viverrini in the village of Nong Wai Irrigation Area, Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand, selected population based chemotherapy with a single dose of 40 mg/kg of praziquantel (2 - cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11 b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino [2,1-a]isoquinolin-4 one,EMBAY8440,Biltricide) was given to the stool positive cases once a year for a period of 3 years commencing May 1981. Two villages (pop 942) with a prevalence of 58.3% were used as tests villages and another one (pop. 442) with a prevalence of 55.1% served as control. The project programme integrated chemotherapy, sanitation improvement and health education, whilst only chemotherapy was applied in the control village. Among the 736 cases of all villages, 666 were treated in the first year and the parasitological cure rate after one month was 95.9%. Side effects of praziquantel were minor and were minimized by changing the time of drug intake from morning to after dinner. After one year the prevalence of opisthorchiasis was 36.8% in the test villages and 54.8% in the control village. The study on re-infection rate revealed that the average monthly incidence rate among the population in the test villages was 2.0% per month (range 1.1-5.0%) whereas it was 5.0% per month (range 1.9-10.3%) in the control village. In May 1982, second treatment was given again to the positive cases in the three villages with the same dose. The second year evaluation is in progress. PMID- 6542403 TI - Vector control of snail-mediated human trematode infections. AB - Inspite of the recent general acceptance of the use of safe and effective chemotherapeutic drugs in the treatment of major human trematode infections, vector control e.g. control of the snail intermediate host will continue to play an important role in programmes for controlling schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis and paragonimiasis. The main vector control measures are: a) use of chemical pesticides or molluscicides and plants showing molluscicidal properties; b) biological control through introduction of competitor species or natural enemies of snails; c) alteration of the environment either by application of one or a combination of the following; drainage, filling, ponding, clearing of vegetation and regulation of use of water for agricultural purposes. PMID- 6542404 TI - Health education in control of fluke infections. AB - Human trematode infections are largely confined to the tropical and oriental countries. Especially schistosomiasis, clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, heterophydiasis and fasciolopsiasis are great public health problems in certain countries. The control of clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis and intestinal fluke infections theoretically is very simple, as the infection is transmitted to man mostly by eating fish and crabs serving as intermediate hosts and harbouring metacercariae. It is different with schistosomiasis where, by contact with contaminated water, man gets infected with cercarial larvae penetrating the intact skin. Therefore, prophylactic measures are far more difficult to apply successfully. Thus, except in schistosomiasis, the most practical method of preventing human trematode infections is to avoid eating raw, freshly pickled or imperfectly cooked fresh-water fish, crayfish or crabs, etc. It is, however, exceedingly difficult to enforce such simple measures in face of century old traditions, to which relatively primitive populations cling with great tenacity. Therefore, in areas where the consumption of raw fish or crabs is customary, insistent and persistent educational propaganda stressing the importance of thoroughly cooking all fresh-water fish or crabs appears to be the most effective means of preventing such diseases. Such educational efforts should be directed primarily toward school children because they are less entrenched in their food habits. Thus, the educational process could involve various levels to successively change knowledge, attitudes, behaviour, habits and customs of their lives. However, this could better be accomplished by supporting health education by successful chemotherapy. PMID- 6542405 TI - Minimal requirements for planning control projects. AB - The different life cycles of trematodes causing the snail-transmitted infections, the complex interactions of the numerous groups of variables representing the five major areas of the epidemiology - human prevalence, incidence and intensity rates, parasite strains, intermediate hosts, ecological backgrounds and human behavioural factors - all combine to render control projects both area and parasite specific. Control must never be equated with eradication which is the complete and permanent cessation of transmission - and rarely, if ever, achievable. In medical and epidemiological terms, control means reduction of morbidity and mortality. Minimum requirements common to efficient planning for any control projects are: a community awareness of the problem; a community expression for the need of control; pathological, statistical and socio-economic evidence of morbidity/mortality produced and the associated economic loss to area, region or country, medical interest and governmental commitment to action as a priority in health policies; appropriate, simple, yet adequate diagnostic technology; appropriate control tools, which, for this group of infections, will rely heavily on population-based chemotherapy; a cadre of trained technicians, field workers and health educators; a programme for training trainers; a delivery system which can be used as an entry point to other health improvements, e.g. sanitation, nutrition, family planning; baseline demographic and epidemiologic information, a pre-tested system of data recording, collection, reduction and analysis; and, finally, funding support. These factors will be discussed. PMID- 6542406 TI - Antagonism of acute alcohol intoxication by naloxone. AB - We have previously shown that proprietary naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan) reverses the disturbance of the redox states of the hepatic NAD(P) couples and causes a simultaneous lowering of blood-ethanol concentration in acutely-ethanol intoxicated rats. We now confirm these findings by using pure naloxone hydrochloride and demonstrate the inability of the methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate preservative present in the Narcan ampoules to influence the above effects of ethanol. PMID- 6542407 TI - Biological similarities and differences between rats genetically different in alcohol preference. AB - This paper is an inventory of some behavioural, biochemical and pharmacological similarities and differences between two inbred strains of Wistar rats differing in voluntary consumption of ethanol, namely: UChA and UChB with low and high preferences respectively for ethanol under conditions involving free choice between a 10% (v/v) ethanol solution and distilled water. The following strain differences were observed: ethanol consumption (UChA less than UChB); total water consumption (UChA less than UChB); solid food consumption (UChA greater than UChB); rate of recovery of ethanol label in expired CO2 (UChA less than UChB); oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde by brain homogenates (UChA greater than UChB); acetaldehyde disposal by brain homogenates (UChA less than UChB); ethanol (90 mmol/kg, i.p.) sleeping-time (UChA less than UChB); chronic and acute tolerance to ethanol (UChA developed it, whereas UChB did not); lethal doses of ethanol (UChA greater than UChB); recovery rate of the label of gluconate in expired CO2 (UChA less than UChB); recovery rate of the label of fructose in expired CO2 (UChA less than UChB); blood-glucose level after glucose (1 g/kg, i.p.) load (UChA less than UChB). No strain differences were observed in the rate of recovery in expired CO2 of the label of the following substrates: acetate, pyruvate, butyrate, citrate, ribose, glycerol, sorbitol, glucose and galactose. PMID- 6542408 TI - [Sotos syndrome in discordant, dizygotic twins]. PMID- 6542409 TI - Afferents to a midbrain periaqueductal grey region involved in the 'defense reaction' in the cat as revealed by horseradish peroxidase. II. The diencephalon. AB - Horseradish peroxidase injections were made at the same sites, within the midcollicular portion of the midbrain periaqueductal grey region (PAG), at which electrical stimulation and microinjections of excitatory amino acids elicited defensive behaviour. The diencephalic afferents to these sites were then studied. Seventy eight percent of the labelled diencephalic neurons were found within the tuberal portion of the hypothalamus, specifically in 3 regions: (a) the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus and adjacent perifornical area; (b) the region of the tuber cinereum, ventral and medial to the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus; (c) the region of paraventricular and parvocellular hypothalamic nuclei. A control injection of HRP at a site, in the tegmentum immediately adjacent to the PAG, at which electrical stimulation elicited defensive behaviour, but excitatory amino acid injections did not, suggested that the extensive labelling of neurones within the tuberal region of the hypothalamus was specific to the HRP injections being made at PAG sites at which excitatory amino acid injections elicited defensive behaviour. PMID- 6542410 TI - Behavioral control, aversive stimulus frequency, and pituitary-adrenal response. AB - Six females rats were trained to lever press under a free operant shock postponement schedule. Each subject had a yoked control which received shock whenever the subject did. The shock-postponement interval (R-S) was varied from 5, 10, 20, 40, to 80 s over blocks of sessions. Corticosteroid levels were taken prior to training and before and after selected sessions. The rate of responding and the rate of shock were inversely related to the R-S interval. Corticosteroid levels were unrelated to the R-S parameter, although steroid samples taken during experimental periods were significantly elevated above preexperimental basal levels. Corticosteroid levels of avoidance subjects were significantly higher than basal levels at the beginning of a session. By the end of a session, these levels were significantly reduced, although still above basal levels. The results were reversed for the yoked control subjects. Their presession corticosteroid levels, although elevated over basal levels, were lower than postsession levels. The implication of these results for the notion that anticipation and control affect levels of arousal is discussed. PMID- 6542411 TI - Rhythmometry reveals heritability of circadian characteristics of heart rate of human twins reared apart. PMID- 6542412 TI - [Plasma levels of gitoxin (by RIA and rubidium-86 uptake) and systolic time after treatment with a single dose of gitoformate]. PMID- 6542413 TI - [Assessment with a non-invasive method of telesystolic pressure-volume and stress dimension relationships in man: linearity and relation to the ejection fraction]. PMID- 6542414 TI - [Late ventricular arrhythmias in myocardial infarct. Relations with angiographic data]. PMID- 6542415 TI - [Hemodynamic and humoral effects of fendiline, a calcium antagonist drug, in idiopathic hypertension patients]. PMID- 6542416 TI - [Changes of the amplitude of the R wave and behavior of the ST tract during exercise test. Comparison with hemodynamic and coronarographic data]. PMID- 6542417 TI - [Response of the heart rate in the post-infarct period]. PMID- 6542418 TI - [Effect of physical exercise on serum lipoproteins]. PMID- 6542419 TI - [Relations between prolongation of the QT interval and sudden cardiac death after myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6542421 TI - Hypercoagulability and coronary artery disease. AB - Variables of haemostatis were studied in 21 men, aged less than 50 years, with confirmed coronary artery disease but without severe hyperlipidaemia and in 21 healthy controls. Fibrinogen concentrations were significantly raised in the patients, 10 (48%) of whom also showed defective fibrinolysis in response to a standard stress test. These findings suggest that hypercoagulability may be important in the aetiology of some cases of early onset coronary artery disease. PMID- 6542420 TI - Relation between left ventricular gradient and relative stroke volume ejected in early and late systole in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Assessment with radionuclide cineangiography. AB - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterised by hyperkinetic left ventricular function, but the effect of an outflow tract gradient on the haemodynamics of ejection remains controversial. To determine the functional importance of left ventricular gradients in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy technetium-99m gated equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed in 18 normal subjects and 57 patients, 26 with and 31 without left ventricular gradients. Time activity curves were generated from list mode data, and the proportion of stroke volume ejected during various phases of systole was computed. The proportion of stroke volume ejected during the initial third, the initial 50%, and the initial 80% of systole was greater in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in normal subjects but was identical in patients with and without left ventricular gradients. The duration of systole was similar in the three groups. These findings favour the interpretation that a left ventricular gradient does not represent true obstruction and are consistent with previous observations that clinical features and prognostic indicators do not relate to gradients in this disease. PMID- 6542422 TI - Effect of prostaglandin on early surgical mortality in obstructive lesions of the systemic circulation. AB - To examine the effect of preoperative prostaglandin infusion on surgical mortality the records of all patients aged less than or equal to 28 days operated between January 1979 and December 1981 for obstructive lesions of the systemic circulation were reviewed. Forty patients had coarctation of the aorta, five interrupted aortic arch, and seven critical aortic stenosis. Fourteen patients received intravenous prostaglandin before operation. Among preoperative variables low cardiac output was identified as a possible risk factor for hospital death, whereas the presence of a raised blood urea concentration was possibly significantly associated with hospital mortality only in patients not treated with prostaglandin. The preoperative administration of prostaglandin had a strongly favourable influence: 11 out of 38 (29.0%) patients who did not receive prostaglandin died compared with none of 14 treated with prostaglandin. The two groups were otherwise comparable with respect to the incidence of coagulopathy, urgency of operation, associated anomalies, and other medical treatment. Mean age at operation was younger and mean admission blood urea concentration higher in the group treated with prostaglandin, whereas the incidence of preoperative low cardiac output was probably higher. It is concluded that short term preoperative infusion of prostaglandin in associated with a significant reduction in early surgical mortality in this high risk group of infants. PMID- 6542423 TI - Laser treatment of primary ring-shaped epithelial iris cyst. AB - This is the first report of a ring-shaped, primary cyst of the iris pigment epithelium. The patient, a 28-year-old woman, presented with angle closure glaucoma. Ocular pressure was controlled medically, and the iris cyst was treated by argon laser photocoagulation. The derivation of the cyst, differential diagnosis, and mechanism of angle closure glaucoma are discussed. PMID- 6542424 TI - Effects of lipids on the transport activity of the reconstituted glucose transport system from rat adipocyte. AB - The glucose transport system, isolated from rat adipocyte membrane fractions, was reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. Vesicles composed of crude egg yolk phospholipids, containing primarily phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), demonstrated specific D-glucose uptake. Purified vesicles made of PC and PE also supported such activity but PC or PE by themselves did not. The modulation of this uptake activity has been studied by systematically altering the lipid composition of the reconstituted system with respect to: (1) polar headgroups; (2) acyl chains, and (3) charge. Addition of small amounts (20 mol%) of PS, phosphatidylinositol (PI), cholesterol, or sphingomyelin significantly reduced glucose transport activity. A similar effect was seen with the charged lipid, phosphatidic acid. In the case of PS, this effect was independent of the acyl chain composition. Polar headgroup modification of PE, however, did not appreciably affect transport activity. Free fatty acids, on the other hand, increased or decreased activity based on the degree of saturation and charge. These results indicate that glucose transport activity is sensitive to specific alterations in both the polar headgroup and acyl chain composition of the surrounding membrane lipids. PMID- 6542425 TI - Occurrence of phosphatidylsulfocholine, the sulfonium analog of phosphatidylcholine in some diatoms and algae. AB - A survey of seven species of diatoms, one Euglena sp. and one dinoflagellate sp. for the presence of phosphatidylsulfocholine (PSC), the sulfonium analog of phosphatidylcholine (PC), was carried out using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and ammonia desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry. PSC alone was found only in a non-photosynthetic diatom, Nitzschia alba. PSC, together with PC, was found in four of the diatoms (Nitzschia angularis, Cylindrotheca fusiformis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Navicula pelliculosa) in proportions of 6-24% of the total PC + PSC fraction, but little or no PSC (less than 2%) was detected in the remaining two (Cyclotella nana and Navicula incerta). Little or no PSC (less than 2%) was detected in a Euglena sp. by 1H-NMR but its presence was confirmed by 35S labeling. The amount of PSC, if any, in the dinoflagellate (Amphidinium carterae) was below the level of detection by 1H-NMR. PMID- 6542426 TI - A recognition system for sex-hormone-binding protein-estradiol complex in human decidual endometrium plasma membranes. AB - We have studied the specific binding of human serum sex-hormone-binding protein and its complexes with estradiol and testosterone to an enriched membrane fraction isolated from human decidual endometrium. The specific binding of sex hormone-binding protein to these membranes has been found to be dependent on it being bound with estradiol. When estradiol concentration in the medium is high enough to provide for the saturation of sex-hormone-binding protein with the steroid, the protein exhibits specific binding to the membranes with an apparent equilibrium constant, Kd = (3.5 +/- 2.0) X 10(-12) M. In the absence of estradiol, the binding protein devoid of steroid or complexed with testosterone does not interact with the membranes. At low concentrations of sex-hormone binding protein and estradiol, when their complex is almost completely dissociated in solution, it can be reconstituted on the membranes with the optimum estradiol to binding protein ratio being 1:1 (mol/mol). It is proposed that, in plasma membranes of the estradiol target cells, there is a recognition system for the sex-hormone-binding protein-estradiol complex which may allow these cells to take up from blood not only free estradiol, but also estradiol complexed with the binding protein. PMID- 6542427 TI - Refractoriness to inductive day lengths terminates the breeding season of the Suffolk ewe. AB - The ambient photoperiod was recorded over an 8-yr period at the beginning and end of the breeding season in a flock of Suffolk ewes maintained outdoors. The transition into the breeding season in this short-day breeder occurred at a day length which was much longer (14.0 h, Sept. 3 +/- 5 days) than that at the onset of anestrus (11.5 h, Feb. 15 +/- 3 days). This produced a marked asymmetry of the annual cycles of photoperiod and reproduction. In an attempt to explain this asymmetry, we determined if ewes enter anestrus because increasing day lengths curtail breeding or because ewes lose the ability to respond to prevailing short day lengths (i.e., become photorefractory). On the winter solstice, 3 groups of 6 ovariectomized ewes bearing s.c. Silastic implants of estradiol were placed on different day length treatments: 1) natural environment; 2) artificial day length which simulated natural photoperiod; or 3) artificial day length equivalent to that of the winter solstice (10L). Transition into anestrus was determined from the precipitous drop in serum luteininzing hormone (LH) concentrations. The breeding season was not prolonged in ewes held on the winter solstice day length; LH did not remain elevated beyond the time that it plummeted in the other groups. These findings lead to the conclusion that Suffolk ewes normally cease breeding, not because they are actively inhibited by increasing day lengths, but because they become photorefractory. This can account, at least in part, for the asymmetry between the annual cycle of photoperiod and reproduction in this short day breeder. PMID- 6542428 TI - Induction of lymphopenia causes luteal dysfunction in cattle. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the effects of lymphopenia on reproductive function in heifers. Ten normally cycling heifers were injected with antilymphocyte serum (ALS) or normal horse serum (NHS) once daily between Days 3 6 or 9-17 of the estrous cycle. The ALS caused a significant reduction in circulating lymphocytes without affecting other blood cells. Concentrations of plasma progesterone were reduced (P less than 0.05) in heifers treated with ALS compared to NHS-treated heifers. The concentrations of circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) were also reduced in ALS-treated heifers. LH determinations in frequently collected blood samples showed that the number of LH pulses in the ALS treated animals (1.4 +/- 0.4) was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower than NHS treated controls (3.2 +/- 0.2). These studies suggest that immunosuppression caused by induction of lymphopenia causes luteal dysfunction in cycling heifers as a result of decreased pituitary LH secretion. PMID- 6542429 TI - Factors influencing the progesterone-induced luteinizing hormone surge in rhesus monkeys: diurnal influence and time interval after estrogen. AB - In the rhesus monkey, progesterone (P) given after a small dose of estradiol benzoate (EB) induces a luteinizing hormone (LH) surge with a short latency and short duration (Terasawa et al., 1982). In the present study, effects of P injection in relation to the interval after EB and to the time of day were investigated. Nine long-term ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys (which were implanted with an estradiol-17 beta (E2) capsule 2 wk prior to the experiments) were injected with EB (10 micrograms) and P (2.5 mg). In order to determine the period of estrogen priming necessary to induce the facilitatory effects of P, P was injected at 30, 24, 12 or 0 h after EB in the first four experiments. The time of EB injections was fixed at 0830 h. To determine whether there is any diurnal influence on the action of P, the EB injection was moved to 2030 h, followed by P 30 h later. Administration of P 30 h after EB induced a typical LH surge with peak latency (6.7 +/- 0.5 h) and duration (16.0 +/- 1.4 h) in all animals. Similarly, P injection 24 h after EB induced a LH surge with peak latency (7.4 +/- 0.4 h) and duration (18.0 +/- 1.2 h) in all animals. The amplitudes of the P-induced LH surges at both 30 h and 24 h after EB were also similar (P 30 h; 65.0 +/- 18.7 ng/ml, P 24 h; 59.8 +/- 24.4 ng/ml). In contrast, administration of P 12 h or 0 h after EB resulted in a LH surge in only 4 and 3 of 9 animals, respectively, and these numbers of responders were significantly less (P 12 h: P=0.0147, P 0 h: P=0.0045) than those of P 30 h and P 24 h. The amplitudes of the LH surge in animals responding to P 12 h and P 0 h after EB were much smaller than those of P 30 and P 24 h after EB (P less than 0.01), although the peak latency and duration of the response were similar. Overall responses to P 12 h and P 0 h after EB were significantly (P less than 0.005) different from those of P 30 h and P 24 h after EB. A 12-h shift of the injection time of both EB and P did not alter the LH response. Reversed timing of EB and P injections induced a LH surge with peak latency, 7.7 +/- 0.5 h; duration, 16.3 +/ 1.7 h; and amplitude, 59.2 +/- 20.7 ng/ml. These results indicate that 1) P injection 24 h or 30 h after EB reliably induces a LH surge with a short latency and duration, 2) P injection 12 h or 0 h after EB is not effective in inducing a LH surge, and 3) there is no diurnal influence on the P-induced LH surge. Therefore, the time interval of estrogen priming required for progesterone action in the rhesus monkey is similar to that required in rodents for LH release as well as for lordosis behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6542430 TI - Uterine adenylate cyclase activity during the estrous cycle and early progestation in the rat: responses to fluoride activation and decidual induction. AB - Uterine adenylate cyclase (AC) activity of the rat was measured by radiochemical analysis during the estrous cycle and early pseudopregnancy. During the estrous cycle, AC activity increased from 4.6 to 16.9 pmol cAMP formed/min X mg protein between metestrus and proestrus. Although AC was activated 2- to 3-fold at all cycle stages by 10 mM NaF, the resulting pattern of activity was similar to that measured in the absence of fluoride. The results demonstrated that the pattern of AC activity during the cycle was similar to that of other estrogen-sensitive uterine enzymes and that the ovarian hormones probably altered enzyme biosynthesis and turnover to a greater extent than activation and kinetic properties. Following the induction of pseudopregnancy by cervical stimulation, enzymic activity increased from 3.5 to 9.4 pmol between Days 1-4 (Day 1=leukocytic vaginal smear) and declined thereafter. AC activity was increased 2- to 5-fold by NaF on all days. AC activity was similarly increased by a mechanical trauma to the uterus, but only when the trauma was applied on Day 4. Following trauma to the uterus, AC activity was not increased further by NaF. The similarities between the physicochemical characteristics of AC during the estrous cycle and early progestation suggested that the enzyme during all endocrine states had virtually identical properties. However, the transient sensitivity to activation after trauma on Day 4 was unique to progestational uteri. Because the properties of enzyme were not altered by the endocrine state of the tissue, the transient sensitivity to activation by trauma was suggested to be a result of hormone-induced alterations in the membrane in which AC is sequestered. PMID- 6542431 TI - Craniofacial defects from genetic and teratogen-induced deficiencies in presomite embryos. PMID- 6542432 TI - [Morphometric analysis of the reversibility of adrenal cortex changes in rabbits following cholesterol withdrawal]. AB - The morphometric, cytophotometric and biochemical methods were used to study the reversibility of changes in the adrenal cortex of rabbits given cholesterol for 14 days. The majority of changes that develop in experimental hypercholesterolemia were discovered to undergo regression 1.5 months after cholesterol withdrawal. PMID- 6542433 TI - [Role of cholinergic systems in the formation of a dissociated state in response to kleregil]. AB - During learning in a T-maze, rats administered cleregil (150 mg/kg, i.p.) developed a dissociated state where the reflex manifested itself only after the substance injection and did not occur without it. Atropine, amizil, alpha-methyl DOPA and piracetam were established to be able to replace cleregil, thus restoring the conditioned reflex upset by cleregil withdrawal, as well as to eliminate the manifestations of aggressiveness, fear and anxiety caused by prolonged injection of cleregil. Meanwhile depakin and beta-ethyl-diphacil had no effect on behavioral abnormalities, whereas arecoline made them more demonstrable. It is assumed that M-cholinergic system plays the most important role in the mechanism by which the dissociated state is formed. PMID- 6542434 TI - [Formation of nicotine addiction in mongrel white rats]. AB - A study was made of the possibility of forming nicotine addiction in laboratory rats and using it as the basis for the design of experimental nicotine toxicomania. Experiments were carried out on 56 rats placed in individual cages with a possibility of free choice between water and 0.005% nicotine solution for 2 to 4 months. It was established that the population of intact laboratory rats with 8- and 16-week contact with nicotine solution could be divided into groups demonstrating 3 main types of attitude toward nicotine: aversion (68% of all the animals), moderate addiction (4%), and pronounced addiction (28%). These quantitative relationships remained unchanged whatever the time of contact with nicotine. Thus, the possibility has been shown of designing experimental nicotine toxicomania with marked elements of physical dependence in rats consuming nicotine on a voluntary basis. PMID- 6542435 TI - [Corrective action of an antioxidant in chronic emotional-pain stress in rats]. AB - Chronic emotional painful stress (EPS) in rats brought about blood pressure elevation and changes in the time-course of the heart rate under functional load (hypokinesia for 2 h). There was also an increase in the heart mass and activation of cytochromoxidase in the brain cortex and hippocamp. Chronic administration of the antioxidant F-801 for EPS prevented vegetative disorders, heart hypertrophy and elevation of oxidative activity in the brain. The role of lipid peroxidation and hypoxia in the development of abnormalities caused by neurotization is discussed. PMID- 6542436 TI - [Age-related characteristics of poststress DNA repair in the myocardium]. AB - It has been demonstrated that young and adult rats had age-associated differences in stress-induced lesions and in poststressor repair of DNA synthesis in the myocardium. In both age groups, the DNA repair systems perform an identical scope of work aimed at abolition of poststressor lesions with the difference that in young rats, the repair is completed 2 days and in adult rats 3 days after exposure to stress is discontinued. PMID- 6542437 TI - [Effect of emotional-pain stress on myocardial contraction in prolonged hypokinesia]. AB - Prolonged restriction of rat mobility resulting in stoppage of the body and heart mass growth was accompanied by the increased contraction and relaxation velocity of isolated papillary muscles. Absolute values of the poststressor decrease in the main parameters of myocardial contractility in prolonged hypokinesia-exposed animals did not substantially differ from those in controls. The resultant functional significance of such a depression was less dangerous. The data suggest that the increased resistance of the animal body, particularly of the heart muscle to the damaging effect of acute stress in prolonged hypokinesia is an essentially stressful state. PMID- 6542438 TI - [Myocardial contraction in the reverse development of adaptation to short-term exposure to stress]. AB - Contractile function of an isolated right atrium was studied in short-term stressor effects-adapted male Wistar rats at different times after adaptation was completed. Adaptation to short-term stressor effects was shown to produce a restricted decrease of myocardial contractility shortly after adaptation was completed. At the 3d day another decrease of contractile function was noted. However, contractile function returned to the control level by the 5th day. At the same time adaptation completely prevented the impairment of myocardial contractility, induced by prolonged stress. The protective effect was seen immediately after adaptation, by days 3 and 5 after it, being reduced by day 10. It is assumed that at the 5th day after adaptation, the animals experience the post-adaptation state marked by disappearance of the negative adaptation effect and by remarkable protective effect of adaptation. As a result, all the characteristics of myocardial contractility evaluated after prolonged stress experienced by the animals at the 5th day following short-term stressor effects do not differ from control parameters. PMID- 6542439 TI - [Endocrine and metabolic mechanisms of the pathological syndrome due to antigens of homologous glial tissue in monkeys]. AB - Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) of both sexes repeatedly immunized with a complex of glial antigens of the homologous brain demonstrated abnormalities of hormonal functions after 1 to 5 weeks. These abnormalities were marked by a decrease in the total serum tyroxine (after 1 week) and a rise in the concentration of 11 hydroxycorticosteroids (11-OHCS) that occurred after 5 weeks. The changes in tyroxine level were more stable than those in the concentration of 11-OHCS. The immunized animals manifested changes in the disc electrophoregram of the serum. Application of stress resulted in a consistent elevation of the concentration of 11-OHCS and in temporary changes in the number and intensity of individual fractions of serum proteins. The fractional composition of serum proteins was different in control and experimental monkeys. PMID- 6542440 TI - [Changes in the cytochrome P-450 content of the liver of congenic resistant mouse strains during chronic alcoholization]. AB - Differences were found in the levels of alcohol consumption in two pairs of congenic resistant mice (BI0.RI07, BI0.RIII and A/Sn, A.SW). BI0.RI07 and A/Sn mice were characterized as "drinking" compared to their congenic resistant partners BI0.R and A.SW. The concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the animal liver was measured at different periods of alcoholization. Certain correlation was found between the time-course of hemoprotein changes and the levels of alcohol consumption. The contribution of the major histocompatibility mouse system (H-2) to the correlations found is discussed. PMID- 6542441 TI - [Pharmaco-ethological study of analgesia induced by intraspecies fighting behavior]. AB - The time-dependent characteristics and ethological features of intraspecies fighting-induced analgesia were demonstrated in experiments on dominant and submissive-defeated mice. Opiate but not GABAergic mechanisms were found to be involved in fighting-induced analgesia in submissive-defeated mice. PMID- 6542442 TI - [Inhibition of the effect of immunocytotherapy in leukemia in mice under stress and the possibilities of its withdrawal]. AB - The immunosuppressant effect of immobilization stress on the systems that are responsible for C57BL/6 mice protection from EL-4 leukemic cells has been demonstrated in experimental adoptive immunocytotherapy. The data are provided on the efficacy of the use of interferon and its inducer (polyI.polyC) in mouse donors of splenocytes at the poststressor period with a purpose of recovering the ability to exert a cytotherapeutic effect during adoptive transfer to tumor bearing mice. PMID- 6542443 TI - [Age-related characteristics of structural support for ovarian function]. AB - Histoenzymological assay was used to investigate various structures of the ovaries of rats of two groups aged 3-4 and 12-14 months during estral cycle. The activity of 3 beta-, 17 beta- and 20 alpha-steroid dehydrogenases, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD and NADP-diaphorases, esterase, acid and alkaline phosphatases was studied. It has been shown that transport alterations in the microcirculation including the hematofollicular barrier play, the leading part in age-dependent depression of reproductive and endocrine functions. Ageing rats demonstrated no linkage between endothelial, thecal and granular cells, which points to the injury of the histophysiological mechanisms of the follicular system integration. PMID- 6542444 TI - The antidyskinetic action of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid in the rodent. AB - The antidyskinetic action of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DHLA) was assessed against dyskinesias induced in the guinea-pig by dopamine injected into the striatum (200 micrograms bilateral 2 h after nialamide, 75 mg kg-1, i.p.) and in the guinea-pig and rat by 2-di-n-propylamino-5, 6-dihydroxytetralin (tetralin), 0.025 mg kg-1, s.c. Dopamine and tetralin-induced dyskinesias in the guinea-pig were reduced or abolished by DHLA given i.p., 30-100 mg kg-1, given once daily for 5-10 days. Tetralin-induced dyskinesias were antagonized by DHLA given orally to the guinea-pig (50-200 mg kg-1, 5 days) or in the diet to the rat (approximately 200 mg kg-1 daily for 10-14 days). DHLA injected into the striatum (2.5-20 micrograms bilateral, 2-4 days) also antagonized tetralin-induced dyskinesias in the rat. The antidyskinetic action of DHLA given i.p. to the guinea-pig could be antagonized by aspirin or eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (100 mg kg-1 i.p. daily, starting 2 days before a 5 day treatment with DHLA). Aspirin (25-100 mg kg-1, i.p.) dose-dependently antagonized the antidyskinetic activity of 5 and 20 micrograms DHLA given bilaterally into the striatum (2 days). DHLA (100 mg kg-1 i.p.) given daily for 10 days or approximately 200 mg kg 1 DHLA (daily for 10-14 days given in the diet) administration to the rat failed to modify the stereotyped behaviour induced by apomorphine, 0.5 or 2 mg kg-1 s.c., to induce catalepsy, or to modify the cataleptic effects of haloperidol 0.25 or 1 mg kg-1 i.p. 7 It is suggested that the selective inhibition of dyskinesias in the rodent by DHLA may reflect a striatal effect with a dependency on conversion to prostaglandins. PMID- 6542445 TI - A comparison of analgesia and suppression of oxytocin release by opiates. AB - The potency of opiates for suppressing oxytocin release relative to their potency as analgesics was tested in lactating rats. Oxytocin release was evoked by the sucking of the young in urethane-anaesthetized and unanaesthetized rats, and was detected by the characteristic behaviour of the young and milk yield respectively. The tail-flick test, using noxious radiant heat, was used to assess analgesia. Intraperitoneal injection of morphine (1 mg kg-1 and 5 mg kg-1) significantly reduced milk yield in unanaesthetized rats. Urethane-anaesthetized rats displayed a pattern of reflex milk-ejection responses similar to that found in conscious rats. This reflex was significantly inhibited in a dose-related, naloxone-reversible manner by buprenorphine (ED50 0.18 mg kg-1), meptazinol (ED50: 14.0 mg kg-1), morphine (ED50: 0.67 mg kg-1), pentazocine (ED50: 15.0 mg kg-1) and pethidine (ED50: 7.9 mg kg-1). Although intraperitoneal injection of morphine (5 mg kg-1) abolished the increase in intramammary pressure occurring at reflex milk-ejection, that evoked by intravenous oxytocin (0.5-1 mu) was unaffected. Each opiate also caused significant, dose-related, naloxone reversible increases in tail-flick latency. The ED50 doses were buprenorphine (ED50: 0.14 mg kg-1), meptazinol (ED50: 12.5 mg kg-1), morphine (ED50: 5.0 mg kg 1), pentazocine (ED50: 12.5 mg kg-1) and pethidine (ED50: 6.1 mg kg-1). The order of potency for analgesia and for suppression of oxytocin release were identical, namely: buprenorphine greater than morphine greater than pethidine greater than meptazinol greater than pentazocine. The results obtained with lactating rats suggest that secretion of the hormone oxytocin is substantially reduced during opiate-induced analgesia. PMID- 6542446 TI - Modern aspects of sheep mastitis. PMID- 6542447 TI - [The effect of intermediate products of synthesis and potential metabolites of heptacaine chloride on mammalian chromosomes]. PMID- 6542448 TI - Immediate termination of intractable vomiting induced by cisplatin combination chemotherapy using an intensive five-drug antiemetic regimen. AB - A five-drug parenteral antiemetic regimen was administered to 17 patients experiencing intractable vomiting following treatment with cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy. The five-drug treatment consisted of metoclopramide (1 mg/kg iv), diphenhydramine (50 mg im), dexamethasone (20 mg iv), diazepam (5 mg iv), and thiethylperazine (10 mg im), given together at the initiation of the regimen and repeated on a predefined schedule. The number of emetic episodes, duration of nausea and vomiting, and adverse effects were recorded by trained observers. In addition, all patients completed standardized evaluation forms on the day after treatment. Thirteen patients (76%) remained free of vomiting and three (18%) had only one emesis after beginning the study treatment. No serious toxicity was encountered. We conclude that intractable vomiting induced by cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy can be successfully terminated with an aggressive parenteral antiemetic regimen. PMID- 6542449 TI - Phase II trial of cisplatin in advanced gastric cancer. PMID- 6542450 TI - Intermittent Iv homoharringtonine for the treatment of refractory epithelial carcinoma of the ovary: a phase II trial. PMID- 6542452 TI - Automated methods for estimation of sperm flagellar bending parameters. AB - Parameters to describe flagellar bending patterns can be obtained by a microcomputer procedure that uses a set of parameters to synthesize model bending patterns, compares the model bending patterns with digitized and filtered data from flagellar photographs, and uses the Simplex method to vary the parameters until a solution with minimum root mean square differences between the model and the data is found. Parameters for Chlamydomonas bending patterns have been obtained from comparison of shear angle curves for the model and the data. To avoid the determination of the orientation of the basal end of the flagellum, which is required for calculation of shear angles, parameters for sperm flagella have been obtained by comparison of curves of curvature as a function of length for the model and for the data. A constant curvature model, modified from that originally used for Chlamydomonas flagella, has been used for obtaining parameters from sperm flagella, but the methods can be applied using other models for synthesizing the model bending patterns. PMID- 6542451 TI - Fine structure of the abdominal epidermis of the adult mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus (Rafinesque). AB - The ventral epidermis of adult Necturus maculosus has been studied using electron and light microscopy. Many larval characteristics of amphibian epidermal structure are retained in adult Necturus. The epidermis is a stratified epithelium consisting of four cell layers and five cell types. Major differences compared with other adult amphibians are: the absence of a well defined moulting cycle together with an apparently diminished synthetic and mitotic activity in the stratum germinativum; an outermost cell layer (stratum mucosum) that is unkeratinized and appears to synthesize a mucous layer; and numerous large club shaped Leydig cells which span the epidermis between the cells of the stratum germinativum and stratum mucosum. The apical region of the stratum granulosum and stratum mucosum cells shows evidence of extensive synthesis. The stratum mucosum appears to be involved in the secretion of vesicular contents onto the outermost surface of the epithelium. The external surfaces of the stratum mucosum cells possess numerous microridges which are supported by an intricate network of cytofilaments in the apical region of these cells. The significance of these features is discussed in relation to the physiology and ecology of this species. PMID- 6542453 TI - Mechanics of cytogels I: oscillations in physarum. AB - The contractility of actomyosin gels is the basis for a variety of cellular motility phenomena. We present here a mechanical analysis of contractile gels. By making certain hypotheses on the chemical regulation of cytogel contraction we formulate a model for the rhythmic contractions of plasmodia in the slime mold Physarum polycephalum which is in accord with a number of experimental observations. PMID- 6542454 TI - Long-lived IgE- and IgG-secreting cells in rodents manifesting persistent antibody responses. AB - BALB/c mice and BN rats manifesting persistent IgE and IgG responses were examined up to 1 year after immunization. A significant proportion of the ongoing antibody response in these animals survived lethal X-irradiation employing dosages sufficient to deplete B memory cells. The persistent IgE responses in both species were refractory to exogenous isotype-specific suppressor cells taken from tolerant syngeneic animals, which were shown to abrogate primary IgE responses in parallel tests. Employing a novel ELISA-based assay for plaque forming cells, long-lived radioresistant IgE- and IgG-secreting cells were identified in differing ratios in lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow of both species. These long-lived cells were shown to arise following maximum antigenic challenge with antigen plus adjuvant, and after repeated low-grade stimulation by antigen alone, including passive inhalation of dilute antigen aerosols. PMID- 6542455 TI - Modulation of mouse anti-SRBC antibody response by placental extracts. AB - Mouse placental extracts (PE) and corresponding Sephadex G-200 fractions were administered to isogeneic CBA mice along with an optimal immunizing dose of SRBC. Spleen cells were harvested 8 days later and transferred to CBA recipients, subsequently immunized with SRBC. The immunoregulatory activity of spleen cells from PE-treated donors was compared to cells from liver extract (LE)-treated controls or from mice immunized with SRBC only, using Cunningham's PFC direct and indirect tests. Within the dose range used, selective modulatory activities were obtained with cells from PE, but not from LE, treated mice, the latter being comparable to cell transfer effects from donors immunized with SRBC only. Spleen cells from animals injected with low doses of PE (0.25 to 4 mg per mouse) added to immunizing SRBC had a suppressive effect on the primary IgM response of recipients immunized against SRBC. In contrast, when SRBC were given to donor animals with higher doses of PE (8 to 13 mg), transferred spleen cells potentiated the IgM response of the recipients. These opposite suppressive and potentiating activities were found in distinct Sephadex G-200 fractions of 40 and 60 kDa, respectively. When the effect of PE treatment was tested within the same animal, the indirect secondary PFC response following a challenge with SRBC was significantly modified. We observed an overall suppression of the different isotypes after treatment with lower doses of PE or with its 40-kDa fraction. PE doses of 0.5 to 2 mg resulted in a stronger inhibition of IgM than IgG1 production. This phenomenon was also obtained with the 40 KDa fraction. IgG2 responses were significantly reduced by all doses of this fraction. In contrast, all doses of the 60-kDa fraction gave a strong stimulation of IgG2 and IgM responses and a constant suppression of the IgG1 response. This shows a clear dissociation between IgG1 and C'-fixing (IgM, IgG2) antibody classes as far as the influence of placental substances is concerned in their regulation. These data emphasize the relevance of isogeneic placental products as a useful physiological material capable of modulating xenogeneic immune responses (as well as allogeneic systems). PMID- 6542456 TI - Polar effects of concanavalin A on the plasma membrane/cytoskeleton complex in a molluscan egg. PMID- 6542457 TI - The involvement of the cytoskeleton during antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). AB - The mechanism of initiation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was analyzed using a model system consisting of sensitized chicken red blood cells (ChRBC) as targets and non-immunized Balb/c mouse splenocytes as effectors. Using a 51Cr release assay in parallel with electron and light microscopic observations, we were able to correlate the binding of target cells to effector cells with the subsequent lysis of the target cells. Untreated splenocytes are capable of binding and lysing a substantial number of target cells in the presence of anti-ChRBC. Splenocytes pretreated with the microfilament disrupting drug, cytochalasin D, display a significant reduction in their ability to bind and kill target cells. In contrast, splenocytes incubated with colchicine, a drug that disrupts microtubules, are slightly stimulated in both their binding and lysis of ChRBC. Our data suggest that microfilaments (but not necessarily microtubules) play an important role in the initial recognition and binding steps between effector and target cells which are prerequisite conditions for target killing in this ADCC system. PMID- 6542458 TI - [Dependence of the parameters of the urethral pressure profile on age and its change in stress incontinence in women]. PMID- 6542459 TI - [Possibilities of pharmacological control of urinary bladder and urethral function]. PMID- 6542460 TI - [Genital herpes]. PMID- 6542461 TI - [Epidemiology of intestinal helminthiasis (necatoriasis, taeniasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis) in the Kaya Region (Upper-Volta)]. AB - Prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis: 1 223 stool specimens are examined in Louda and 690 in Damesma (Kaya, Upper-Volta). In this sample eggs of N. americanus are seen in 14,7% of the specimens in Louda and 9,3% in Damesma. Eggs of H. nana are seen in 10% of the specimens, for the two villages. Eggs of T. saginata are seen in 7.4% of the specimens of the two villages. And eggs of A. lumbricoides, T. trichicera are found inters then 0.5% of the specimens. PMID- 6542463 TI - [Five-year seroepidemiological survey in an area where schistosomiasis was basically eradicated]. PMID- 6542462 TI - Beneficial effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in traumatic shock. AB - Traumatic shock was induced in anesthetized rats using the Noble-Collip method. This resulted in an abrupt decline in mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate. Plasma cathepsin D activity increased sixfold, plasma thromboxane B2 (TxB2) concentration increased 2.5-fold, plasma myocardial depressant factor (MDF) activity increased 3.5 fold, and the mean survival time was 1.4 +/- 0.2 hours. Administration of the selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor 5-(3 pyridinylmethyl) benzofuran-2-carboxylate (U-63,557A) (4 mg/kg) resulted in a significant improvement in survival time, 3.3 +/- 0.5, p less than 0.01. Plasma cathepsin D activity was not affected by U-63,557A (7.4 +/- 0.8 vs. 8.5 +/- 1.1 U/ml). However, both plasma and peritoneal fluid TxB2 concentration were significantly reduced and accumulation of the toxic peptide, MDF, was significantly blunted (69 +/- 6 vs. 40 +/- 5 U/ml, p less than 0.01). Our data indicate that blockade of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) production by selective synthetase inhibition is beneficial in trauma and support a role for TxA2 in the pathogenesis of circulatory shock. PMID- 6542464 TI - [Circumoval precipitin test in patients with schistosomiasis japonica in controlled and uncontrolled regions]. PMID- 6542465 TI - [Comparison of the probability of detecting schistosome ova within the rectal wall by rectal microscopy]. PMID- 6542466 TI - [A case report of cerebral schistosomal egg granuloma]. PMID- 6542467 TI - Clinical symptoms and IgE responses to common food proteins in atopic and healthy children. AB - The appearance of symptoms suggestive of allergy through the first 4 years of life was studied prospectively in eighty-six healthy newborn babies. Blood samples were obtained at birth, at 3, 8, 25 and 48 months of age and analyzed for levels of total serum IgE and for IgE antibodies to some common foods. The occurrence of IgE antibodies was related to atopic manifestations and to a detailed history of infant feeding and family history of allergy. All infants with elevated cord blood IgE (more than 1.3 kU/l) developed manifestations of atopy. Specific IgE antibodies against egg, cow's milk and soy were demonstrated at 3, 8, 25 and 48 months in nine, twenty-three, six and two children respectively. Egg was a more potent sensitizing agent than cow's milk, IgE antibodies to egg being present in thirty-one samples, to cow's milk in eleven and to soy in five samples. Nine infants developed IgE antibodies to eggs or cow's milk before the introduction of these nutrients into the food. The IgE antibody levels were generally low in healthy non-atopic children and did, with one exception, not reach RAST class 1. In contrast, the levels of IgE antibodies to egg or cow's milk were higher in eleven blood samples from atopic children. We conclude that transient low IgE antibody responses to food proteins appear relatively often even in healthy infants. High concentrations of IgE antibodies however are almost exclusively seen in infants with atopic disease. Sensitization may appear early in infancy sometimes even before the offending food has been introduced into the diet. PMID- 6542468 TI - A spin label study of the erythrocyte membrane in mothers and sisters of patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The erythrocyte membranes of mothers and sisters of boys suffering from Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) have been studied by spin labelling. Two oxazolidine nitroxide derivatives of stearic acid were used. With the first of them (16 NS) which probes the hydrophobic part of the phospholipids, we measured the fluidity of the membrane as a function of temperature. The second nitroxide derivative (5 NS) probes the membrane near the phospholipid polar heads. The amplitude of the electron spin resonance signal was studied as a function of the spectrometer microwave power in order to determine the paramagnetic label saturation behaviour. No significant difference was observed between the control adult women and the carrier mothers. On the contrary, almost all the normal young premenarchial girls showed simultaneously a break in the fluidity vs. temperature plot of the 16 NS probe and a saturation phenomenon of the 5 NS label signal. In about 50% of the DMD boys' sisters, no break in the temperature plot nor saturation behaviour was observed. This corresponds to the theoretical repartition between normal and carrier girls if one admits that about 30% of the latter do not have any detectable membrane abnormality, as in the case of the creatine kinase (CK) test which shows about 30% of normal levels in carrier women. The study of the erythrocyte membrane in young girls can then be an useful complementary tool to detect DMD carriers. PMID- 6542469 TI - 7 S collagen: a method for the measurement of serum concentrations in man. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of 7 S collagen, a basement membrane component derived from type IV collagen, in sera of patients. Two forms of 7 S collagen were isolated by limited collagenase digestion of type IV collagen from bovine placenta. Antisera against both forms were raised in rabbits. The antigens were labeled by conjugation with the Bolton Hunter reagent or by the Chloramine T method. Free and bound antigen were separated using a second antibody directed against rabbit-IgG. Serum concentrations of 7 S collagen ranged from 5-14 micrograms/l. Serum levels of 7 S collagen were increased in diabetic patients as compared to normal subjects. PMID- 6542470 TI - The effect of endogenous progesterone on serum levels of 5 alpha-reduced androgens in hirsute women. AB - This study was to examine indirectly the effect of endogenous progesterone, a known competitor for 5 alpha-reductase, on androgen metabolism in target organs in hirsute women. Serum levels of progesterone, testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstane 3 alpha 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were assessed serially over a four week period in normal women, six hirsute women with regular menstrual cycles, eight hirsute women with oligomenorrhoea (and presumptive polycystic ovaries) and seven non-hirsute women with oligomenorrhoea. Serum T and A levels were significantly higher than normal in both hirsute and non-hirsute women with oligomenorrhoea, while serum SHBG was significantly lower than normal in the two groups of hirsute women. The calculated free T level was higher than normal in all three groups of patients. DHT levels were not significantly different from normal in any of the three groups of patients. The 3 alpha-diol level showed considerable overlap with normal in all groups of patients and was only significantly higher than normal in hirsute women with oligomenorrhoea (P less than 0.05). There was a small fall in DHT in the late luteal phase of the cycle of those women with a sustained rise in serum progesterone in the second half of the cycle, but no change in serum 3 alpha-diol. These studies suggest that serum 3 alpha-diol may not be as good an indicator of peripheral androgen metabolism in hirsute women as previously reported and that a rise in serum progesterone has only a minimal effect on circulating levels of the active 5 alpha-reduced androgen metabolites. Although in vitro 3 alpha-diol has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase this casts doubt on its role in this regard in vivo. PMID- 6542471 TI - Biliary scintigraphy. The "hot rim" sign. AB - A new cholescintigraphic finding, the "hot rim" sign, is reported in a case of acute cholecystitis. Local inflammation in the gallbladder fossa may be the cause of this phenomenon. PMID- 6542472 TI - Cholelithiasis demonstrated on hepatobiliary scintigraphy as a photopenic defect within the inferior portion of the liver. AB - A 47-year-old man presented with the clinical findings of acute cholecystitis. During hepatobiliary scintigraphy using Tc-99m DISIDA, a persistent photopenic defect was noted within the inferior portion of the liver in the region of the gallbladder. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed large gallstones with acoustic shadowing within a normal-sized gallbladder. Eleven large gallstones were found within a normal-sized intrahepatic gallbladder at surgery. PMID- 6542473 TI - Intrahepatic gallbladder simulating choledochal cyst on DISIDA scintigraphy. PMID- 6542474 TI - Diagnosis of spontaneous perforation of the gallbladder by Tc-99m DISIDA. AB - A case of spontaneous rupture of the gallbladder correctly diagnosed preoperatively using Tc-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy is presented. PMID- 6542475 TI - Post cholecystectomy syndrome due to a cystic duct remnant diagnosed by hepatobiliary scintigraphy. PMID- 6542476 TI - Effect of starvation and diabetes on glucose transport in the lung. AB - Transport of glucose by the isolated and perfused rat lung was studied using 2 deoxy-D-(1-14C)-glucose, 2-(1-14C)-DG, and 3-O-methyl-(U-14C)-glucose, 3-(U-14C) MG. Uptake of 3-(U-14C)-MG was reduced by 20% in the lungs of fasting and diabetic rats, the uptake was restored by refeeding and insulin treatment, respectively. Although the intracellular accumulation of unphosphorylated 2-(1 14C)-DG in lungs was altered by a small amount in diabetes and fasting, the intracellular accumulation of phosphorylated 2-(1-14C)-DG was significantly reduced and restored by insulin treatment and refeeding, suggesting that phosphorylation was inhibited in these conditions. The reduction of glucose utilization in fasting or diabetic state was shown to be due to the inactivation of hexokinase II enzyme. Thus, a specific glucose-carrier system is present in the rat lung which appears to be insulin-sensitive and is under the nutritional and hormonal control. PMID- 6542477 TI - Oral acyclovir: a pill to easy to swallow? PMID- 6542478 TI - The social class distribution of surgical patients: an assessment of Oxford Record Linkage Study data. PMID- 6542479 TI - Agonistic and reproductive interactions in Betta splendens. AB - Reproductive and agonistic behaviors in Siamese fighting fish were investigated in eight experiments, and some consequences and determinants of these sequences were isolated. First, fights and the formation of dominance-subordinancy relations were studied. Second, it was determined that large body size as well as males' prior residency in a tank produced an agonistic advantage; the magnitude of this advantage was positively related to the duration of residency. Third, the prior-residency effect in Bettas was determined by males' familiarity with visual and/or tactile cues in their home tanks. Fourth, dominant males had greater access to living space and were more likely to display at a mirror, build nests, and approach females than were subordinates. Finally, it was discovered that chemical cues associated with presumedly inert plastic tank dividers influence Bettas' social behavior. PMID- 6542480 TI - The effects of chronic metabolic acidosis on patterns of protein synthesis in rat renal cortex. AB - In the rat chronic metabolic acidosis increases the net synthesis of 17 renal cortex proteins by amounts ranging from 1.5 to 4.5-fold. These proteins have molecular weights between 13,000 and 42,000 and isoelectric points between approximately 5.5 and 7.0. No new proteins not also present in normal animals are detected in renal cortex samples from acidotic animals. Three proteins undergo substantial reductions in their net synthetic rates in chronic metabolic acidosis. On the basis of their physical properties and similar alterations in net synthetic rate in acidosis some of these proteins appear to be closely related and may be coordinately expressed in the rat kidney. PMID- 6542481 TI - Computed tomography in supratentorial hemangioblastoma. AB - Supratentorial hemangioblastomas are rare. A 28-yr-old man with a solid tumor in the left temporal region is described. There was neither meningeal connection nor associated polycythemia or Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Contrast enhanced computerized tomography showed a hyperdense, homogeneous lesion and cerebral angiography demonstrated a nodular tumor blush. The microscopic appearance of the lesion is described with a review of previously reported cases. PMID- 6542482 TI - Recurrent respiratory failure in premenstrual asthma. PMID- 6542483 TI - Regulatory effect of contraceptive steroids on the release of tissue-type plasminogen activator in vitro. AB - The release of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) from incubated specimens of human veins was investigated by an immunoradiometric determination of the concentration of t-PA in the medium. The initial release of t-PA was strongly correlated to the weight of the incubated specimens. T-PA was not demonstrable after the third day of incubation. The addition of d-norgestrel (83.3 ng/ml) to the medium significantly stimulated the release of t-PA; whereas, ethinylestradiol (16.6 ng/ml) did not have an effect. PMID- 6542484 TI - The effects of separate and combined topical treatment with timolol maleate and trifluormethazolamide on the intraocular pressure in normal rabbits. AB - The effects of separate and combined topical treatment with timolol maleate and trifluormethazolamide (TFM) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in normotensive rabbits. Timolol had a distinct, albeit small, dose related hypotensive effect. Unilateral application of timolol resulted in dose related decrease in IOP in the untreated fellow eye. These effects could be observed only by using a protocol that reduces the contribution of individual and diurnal variations to the overall variability in IOP in the rabbit. Topical treatment with TFM caused a reduction in the calculated outflow pressure of 32%, similar to that observed after systemic administration of acetazolamide and methazolamide. At the concentration and dosage employed here there was no significant difference between the hypotensive effects of timolol and TFM. The maximal decrease in the calculated outflow pressure for the different doses of timolol varied between 24% to 37%. The hypotensive effect of the combined timolol and TFM treatment (delta IOP = -2.4 +/- 0.4 mmHg, n = 12) was greater than that observed in rabbits treated with TFM alone (delta IOP = -1.6 +/- 0.5 mmHg, n = 12). The increment was smaller than the initial effect of either drug alone. PMID- 6542485 TI - On the nature and extent of XY pairing at meiotic prophase in man. AB - Evidence is presented that pairing between the human X and Y chromosomes could be more extensive at early pachytene than has previously been supposed and could involve even the entire euchromatic portion of the Y chromosome. Following desynapsis over the major part of the X and Y axes, a small paired segment of Xp and Yp remains into late pachytene. Association between the distal tips of Xq and Yq can also be observed in about one half of the spermatocytes examined. A hypothesis linking meiotic pairing to early replicating sites along the chromosomes is proposed. PMID- 6542487 TI - [Hypertrophic myocardiopathy]. PMID- 6542486 TI - Chromosomal location of a major tRNA gene cluster of Xenopus laevis. AB - In Xenopus laevis, genes encoding tRNAPhe, tRNATyr, tRNAMet1, tRNAAsn, tRNAAla, tRNALeu, and tRNALys are clustered within a 3.18-kb (kilobase) fragment of DNA. This fragment is tandemly repeated some 150 times in the haploid genome and its components are found outside the repeat only to a limited extent. The fragment hybridizes in situ to a single site very near the telomere on the long arm of one of the acrocentric chromosomes of the group comprising chromosomes 13-18. All the chromosomes of this group also hybridize with DNA coding for oocyte-specific 5S RNA. The tRNA gene cluster is slightly proximal to the cluster of 5S RNA genes. PMID- 6542488 TI - Increased sensitivity to picrotoxin as an index of physical dependence on alcohol in the mouse. AB - A relatively simple and rapid method has been developed to induce tolerance to and dependence on alcohol in mice. Alternating intraperitoneal injections of metabolically stable tert-butanol and ethanol for 4 consecutive days resulted in a physical dependence on alcohol, which was quantified by the latency and ED50 of picrotoxin-induced CNS hyperexcitability--myoclonic and tonic seizures and mortality--during the withdrawal period. The data indicate that alcohol-dependent animals in the withdrawal period are more susceptible than alcohol-naive controls to picrotoxin. Withdrawal hyperexcitability can be quantified by the ED50 of picrotoxin. PMID- 6542490 TI - [Several peculiarities of hexokinase of malignant and benign tumors in man]. AB - The total activity and isoenzyme spectrum of hexokinase (HK) were investigated in normal tissues as well as malignant and benign tumours of man. Electrophoresis in agar gel has revealed that the normal tissues are usually characterized by HK-I. In malignant tumours HK-II and additional anode fractions of KH-II and HK-III were observed. The HK isoenzyme spectrum in the benign tumours was similar to those of homologous normal tissues. The values of the HK-II/HK-I ratio were higher in the malignant tumours as compared with the benign tumours and normal tissues. These results may be used for diagnosis. Changes in the isoenzyme spectrum do not depend on histological structure of tumours, are secondary and depend on tumour progression. PMID- 6542491 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of prolactin secretion in women with primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6542489 TI - [Differential therapy of thrombotic-thrombopenic purpura. Administration of fresh plasma versus plasma separation]. AB - In a 29-year-old man with primary thrombotic-thrombocytopenic purpura a significantly increased plasma concentration of platelet-specific proteins was demonstrated as an expression of increased intravascular platelet activation and destruction during the acute phase of the disease. There was also abnormally elevated IgG loading of platelets. During administration of fresh plasma alone (total of six litres over one week) the clinical state deteriorated further into coma and failure of spontaneous ventilation. The marked thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia remained unchanged. Only after repeated plasmapheresis was it possible to break through the acute disease process. Remission (restoration of vital functions, normalization of platelet count and haemolysis signs) was achieved after five courses of plasmapheresis with a total exchange volume of 20 litres. At least in this case, the therapeutic success of plasmapheresis argues for an immunological-toxic genesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6542492 TI - Acupuncture therapy does not change metoclopramide-induced prolactin secretion in normoprolactinaemic galactorrhea syndrome. PMID- 6542493 TI - Complications of TUR of the bladder neck in the female. A study of 238 procedures. AB - Transurethral resection of the bladder neck in the female is unpopular because of complications and indifferent results. This retrospective study of 238 procedures (carried out over the period 1940-72) documents the various complications and shows that the fears generally held are exaggerated. Most complications are of moderate incidence and can be easily and satisfactorily managed. The incontinence rate (4.7% in this study) can be further reduced by selection of cases after careful urodynamic evaluation and avoiding certain types of cases. It is related more to the type of patient than to the procedure itself. PMID- 6542494 TI - A glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase pseudogene on the short arm of the human X chromosomes defines a multigene family. AB - A human X chromosome-derived gene sequence which recognises an abundant, 1.2-kb mRNA in several cell types was previously isolated during a study to identify expressed sequences from an X chromosome recombinant library. Further characterisation of this clone, acronym OA1, has shown that it maps to the short arm of the X, at Xp21 to Xp22. A 777-bp fragment of the clone which hybridizes to the 1.2-kb mRNA has been sequenced, and the inferred amino acid sequence shows 80% homology with the published protein sequence for human muscle glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The fragment shows even higher homology (87%) with pig muscle GAPDH. The OA1 clone selects an mRNA which translates in vitro into a polypeptide of 36 K, the subunit size of GAPDH. However, the X-sequence is most probably a pseudogene whose structure is consistent with it having arisen by reverse transcription of a GAPDH or GAPDH-related mRNA followed by insertion into the X chromosome. The GAPDH-related portion of OA1 hybridizes to several DNA fragments in human and mouse DNA, and six fibroblast cDNA clones which cross hybridize to OA1 identify the same genomic fragments as OA1. This series of clones identifies a new, conserved GAPDH-related multigene family. PMID- 6542495 TI - Fitness facilitates sleep. AB - Eight army recruits were studied at the start, middle, and end of their initial 18-week training programme. At each point the subjects were studied for four consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory. Their sleep was characterized by the means of the recordings on the last two nights. Within 2 days of the sleep recordings (but never on the same day) each subject spent 2 non-consecutive days in the exercise laboratory. On the 1st day a maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) measurement was performed on a treadmill and on the 2nd day a 24-min progressive exercise bicycle ergometer test was carried out with simultaneous venous sampling (for lactic acid measurements) and oxygen consumption recordings from which the lactate turn point (LTP) was calculated. LTP was used as a measure of fitness. Approximately 1 week after the above measures lean muscle mass as calculated by total body potassium estimation was obtained for each subject. Slow wave sleep (SWS) as a percentage of total sleep time increased significantly between the start and the measurements at 9 and 18 weeks, being 21.9%, 29.9%, and 28.5% respectively. Anaerobic threshold increased significantly (P less than 0.05) over the first 9 weeks and continued to increase to the end of the training period (P less than 0.001) using VO2 when lactate level was 2 mmol/l as a percentage of VO2 max. With increase in fitness, sleep onset latency and wake time during sleep decreased and sleep efficiency improved. The results suggest that as fitness increases sleep quality improves. PMID- 6542496 TI - Varied and repeated atropine dosages and exercise-heat stress. AB - Comparisons of physiological responses to 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg atropine (IM) were made in seven males (X +/- SD: age, 24 +/- 3 years; ht, 174 +/- 12 cm; wt, 76 +/- 3 kg) while they exercised (approximately 390 W) in a hot-dry (40 degrees C, 20% rh) environment. Responses to 4 mg, as well as repeatability of responses to 2 mg, were studied in two and six of these subjects, respectively. On 8 test days an intramuscular injection of atropine or saline control was administered 20 min before subjects walked on a treadmill for two 50-min bouts. Heart rate (HR) during exercise did not change in the control trial but by min 50 increased during all atropine trials (P less than 0.01). Rectal temperature (Tre) increased (P less than 0.01) in all trials by min 50 and continued increasing (P less than 0.01) in the 2-mg trial during the second exercise bout. For the two subjects tested with all dosages (0.5 - 4 mg atropine), the change in HR and Tre between the atropine and control trials at 50 min of exercise was regressed against the various atropine dosages. The relationship (r = 0.92) for HR was curvilinear while the relationship (r = 0.99) for Tre was linear. Mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) was relatively constant during exercise and was warmer (P less than 0.05) with increasing atropine dosage. In a repeat 2 mg trial, HR was 6 bt . min-1 lower (P less than 0.05) on the second exposure but Tre was the same (P greater than 0.05) on both days. For subjects walking in the heat, three new observations were: 1) 0.5 mg of atropine resulted in increased HR and Tsk compared to control values; 2) HR was elevated but the magnitude of change decreased with increasing dosage, while the elevation in Tre was consistent with increasing dosage; and 3) rectal temperatures (in trials with and without atropine) were unaffected by previous days of atropine administration. PMID- 6542497 TI - A comparison of the mechanical properties of the first dorsal interosseous in the dominant and non-dominant hand. AB - The electrically evoked and voluntary contractile properties of the first dorsal interosseous muscle were measured on both hands in 10 healthy adults. The force of abduction of the index finger interosseous muscle was measured using a transducer resting against the lateral side of the proximal interphalangeal joint. The mean values of time to peak tension measured on the dominant hands were significantly slower than the values on the non-dominant hands (P less than 0.01) in a paired t-test. Maximal tetanic tension, maximal voluntary contraction strength, and maximal twitch tension are not significantly different. Fatigue indices on the dominant hands in each subject were higher than those on the non dominant hands. The correlation coefficient between fatigue indices on the dominant and the non-dominant hand was 0.92 (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6542498 TI - Effects of exercise-training and detraining on fat cell lipolysis in men and women. AB - The effects of training and detraining on adipose tissue lipolysis were studied in 19 healthy subjects (7 women and 12 men) who were submitted to a 20-week aerobic training program. Thereafter, subjects refrained from exercise for a period of 50 days. Suprailiac fat biopsies were performed before training, after training, and at the end of the detraining period. Mean fat cell diameter and epinephrine stimulated lipolysis (ESL) were assessed on collagenase isolated fat cells. Body density through underwater weighing and skinfolds at seven different sites were also obtained. Training significantly increased ESL (P less than 0.05) in men but not in women. However, ESL values in men returned to pretraining values after the exercise restriction period. No significant changes in women lipolysis were observed under any conditions. Changes in lipolysis were not correlated with changes in body fatness. However, a significant correlation was observed between the increase in ESL produced by training and the subsequent decrease caused by detraining (r = -0.53; P less than 0.05). The present results suggest that lipolysis in fat cells from the female subjects seems to be insensitive to changes in energy expenditure. Moreover, the present study demonstrates that there are high and low responders in adipocytes ESL to variations in habitual energy expenditure. PMID- 6542499 TI - Growth hormone responses during intermittent weight lifting exercise in men. AB - Five normal male volunteers performed two intermittent weight lifting exercises of equal total external work output and duration (20 min) with identical work rest intervals but different load and frequency of movements. Exercise I consisted of seven sets of seven vertical leg lifts at 85% of the subject's Seven Repetition Maximum (SRM) and, 5 days later, seven sets of 21 vertical leg lifts with one-third of the previously used load (Exercise II). Blood was sampled throughout the exercise and recovery periods for growth hormone, lactate, and glucose analysis. Growth hormone increased after 20 min of Exercise I to a peak during the recovery period. Significantly elevated growth hormone (GH) levels were found 5, 10, and 15 min (P less than 0.025, P less than 0.05, P less than 0.025 respectively) of recovery after Exercise I. No significant elevations of GH occurred in Exercise II. Significant linear correlations (r = 0.99, P less than 0.01) with a time lag of 16 min were found between lactate and GH levels in Exercise I (lactate increases preceded those of GH). No significant differences in plasma glucose concentrations were detected. The results suggests that in intermittent weight lifting exercises of equal total external work output and duration as well as identical work-rest intervals, the load and/or frequency of an exercise are determinant factors in the regulation of plasma GH levels. PMID- 6542500 TI - Variations in serum myoglobin after a 2-min isokinetic exercise test and the effects of training. AB - Serum-myoglobin was measured after the completion of three different types of exercise i.e., dynamic, isometric, and isokinetic. The maximal rises in serum myoglobin levels were 20%, 70%, and 300%, respectively. On the basis of this finding a 2-min isokinetic test was developed and standardized for the purpose of studying conditions in vivo that may affect myoglobin leakage from skeletal muscle cells. Fourteen healthy men performed the 2-min isokinetic test. Blood lactate increased on average eight times with maximal levels obtained 4 min after completed work. S-Myoglobin levels obtained 4 min after completed work. S Myoglobin was raised approximately five times after 2 h. The rise in S-myoglobin was significantly (P less than 0.01) related to the loss in muscle strength (torque decline) during the test. After a training period of 3 weeks comprising 4 min of maximal isokinetic exercise three times a week the rise in S-myoglobin after a 2-min isokinetic test was reduced from on average 240 micrograms X 1(-1) to 96 micrograms X 1(-1) (P less than 0.001). The rise in blood lactate was not related to the variations in S-myoglobin or affected by training. The 2-min isokinetic exercise test is an easily standardized exercise test which in combination with measurements of serum-myoglobin should prove valuable in the study of conditions affecting leakage from muscle cells. PMID- 6542501 TI - Differential ratings of perceived exertion and various physiological responses during prolonged upper and lower body exercise. AB - This study examined whether prolonged exercise employing upper or lower body muscle groups led to significant alterations in three differentiated ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify those physiological responses which accounted for the greatest variability in these three RPE. Nine volunteer males performed 60 min of arm crank and cycle exercise at similar absolute and at similar relative exercise intensities. There were no significant differences (P greater than 0.05) between arm and leg exercise for oxygen uptake (VO2) during the absolute tests (approximately 1.60 1 . min-1) or during the relative tests (approximately 60% peak VO2). The RPE included local RPE (muscle and joint exertion), central RPE (ventilatory and circulatory exertion), and overall RPE. During the absolute tests, the final means for all three RPE were lower (P less than 0.05) for leg than arm exercise. No differences (P greater than 0.05) were found during the relative tests between arm and leg exercise for any of the three RPE. Local RPE was generally higher than central RPE. The various physiological responses accounted for more (total) variance in all three RPE for arm than leg exercise (absolute and relative arm exercise: median R2 = 0.99; absolute and relative leg exercise: median R2 = 0.75). Lactate and the ventilatory equivalent of oxygen made the greatest contribution to R2. These data suggest that RPE may be more closely related to relative exercise intensity, and perceptual cues may be more readily monitored from smaller muscle masses such as the upper body. Further, steady-state RPE was not attained during prolonged upper body exercise. PMID- 6542502 TI - Prednisolone decreases exercise-induced acid hydrolase response in mouse skeletal muscle. AB - Male NMRI-mice were subjected to exhaustive treadmill exercise. 3 and 6 days after the exertion, quadriceps femoris muscles were examined histologically and analyzed for acid hydrolases in order to follow the degree and progress of injuries. Prednisolone (PRED), an anti-inflammatory corticosteroid, was given to some of the animals in order to modify the exercise response. The PRED administration began 14 h before exercise and continued until the end of the experiment (6 days). The doses were 25 and 50 mg . kg-1 i.p. twice a day. The activities of both arylsulphatase and beta-glucuronidase increased significantly in the exercise control group after 3 and 6 days. The increase in activity correlated with fibre necrosis and an abundant infiltration of inflammatory cells, and was greatest after 3 days. After 6 days the inflammatory response decreased and regenerating muscle fibres were seen. PRED decreased the exercise induced acid hydrolase response. The decrease was most prominent after 3 days with PRED 50 mg . kg-1 . day-1. PRED also diminished degeneration and inflammation. The results suggest that the decrease in acid hydrolase activities was due to a lesser infiltration of inflammatory cells to the injured area. PMID- 6542503 TI - Cardiovascular, hormonal and body fluid changes during prolonged exercise. AB - During prolonged heavy exercise a gradual upward drift in heart rate (HR) is seen after the first 100 min of exercise. This "secondary rise" might be caused by a reduction in stroke volume due to reduced filling of the heart, which is dependent upon both hemodynamic pressure and blood volume. Swimming and bicycling differ with respect to hydrostatic pressure and to water loss, due to sweating. Five subjects were studied during 90 min of bicycle exercise, and swimming the leg kick of free style. The horizontal position during swimming resulted in a larger cardiac output and stroke volume. After the initial rise in heart rate the "secondary rise" followed parallel courses in the two situations. The rises were positively related to the measured increments in plasma catecholamine concentrations, which continued to increase as exercise progressed. The secondary rise in HR could not be explained by changes in plasma volume or in water balance, nor by changes in plasma [K]. The plasma volume decreased 5-6% (225-250 ml) within the first 5 to 10 min of exercise both in bicycling and swimming, but thereafter remained virtually unchanged. The sweat loss during bicycling was four times greater than during swimming; but during swimming the hydrostatic conditions induced a diuresis, so that the total water loss was only 25% less than during bicycling. PMID- 6542504 TI - Effects of load placement on back muscle activity in load carriage. AB - The effect of two different load placements (just below mid-back or just above shoulder level) on erector spinae EMG, trapezius EMG, and heart rate were investigated during load carriage. The EMG and heart rates were telemetered from 11 subjects while they walked on a smooth level surface at an average velocity of 5.6 km . h-1 carrying a load of 19.5 kg in a specially designed backpack. The average rectified EMG amplitude was calculated digitally for both load placements. The high load placement resulted in significantly higher levels of muscle activity than did the lower placement. Heart rate was not significantly different between the two placements. A qualitative biomechanical analysis suggests that the EMG differences are primarily due to differences in the moments and forces arising from the angular and linear accelerations of the load and trunk. The results indicate that metabolic measures alone are not sufficient to adequately assess tasks which evoke primarily local muscle demands. PMID- 6542505 TI - Reduction of isometric muscle endurance after wearing impermeable gas protective clothing. AB - The isometric endurance of forearm muscles at 40% maximum voluntary contraction was measured in six healthy male subjects, after they had walked for 25-30 min on a treadmill while wearing an impermeable gas protective suit and a self-contained breathing apparatus at a light (21% VO2 max), and a moderate 41% VO2 max) work level. The mean endurance times were 12% (NS) and 24% (P less than 0.01) shorter than the average control value after exercise for the light and moderate work levels, respectively. These changes were accompanied by an increased heart rate, and rectal and skin temperatures. Ventilating the suit with an air flow of 181 . min-1 at the moderate work level did not significantly affect isometric endurance (decreased 27%), heart rate or body temperatures. It was concluded, that muscular performance capacity is reduced after wearing gas-protective clothing in a temperate environment, presumably due to the increased muscle temperature, and this should be considered in scheduling work times and rest periods. PMID- 6542506 TI - Effect of diet on human muscle weakness following prolonged exercise. AB - The effect of altering muscle glycogen on the ability of skeletal muscle to generate voluntary and electrically evoked isometric force following prolonged exercise has been investigated in five healthy male subjects. Measurements from the triceps surae were made at rest, and before and after prolonged exercise (uphill walking) at approximately 75% VO2 max in low muscle glycogen (low CHO) and high muscle glycogen (high CHO) conditions. The results showed that before exercise there was no change in maximal twitch tension (Pto), maximal tetanic tension at frequencies of 10 (Po10), 20 (Po20) and 50 HZ (Po50), and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in low and high CHO compared with normal. The loss of force during a 2 min electrically evoked "fatigue test" at rest was found to be higher (p less than 0.05) in low CHO and lower (p less than 0.05) in high CHO than normal. Following the prolonged exercise, muscle weakness was produced in both low and high CHO conditions, but was found to be significantly greater in the low CHO condition for the measurements of Po10 (P less than 0.01), Po20 (p less than 0.05) and MVC (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that changes in muscle glycogen alone do not alter the isometric force generating capacity of human muscle, but when combined with prolonged exercise low muscle glycogen enhances exercise-induced muscle weakness. PMID- 6542507 TI - The interrelationship between blood pressure, intramuscular pressure, and isometric endurance in fast and slow twitch skeletal muscle in the cat. AB - Two series of experiments were performed to examine the interrelationships between blood pressure, intramuscular pressure, muscle blood flow, and the endurance for isometric exercise in a fast (medial gastrocnemius) and a slow (soleus) twitch muscle of the cat. In the first series of experiments, the relationship between tension and intramuscular pressure was examined. It was found that intramuscular pressure was linearly related to tension in both muscles. However, at any proportion of the muscles maximum tension, the intramuscular pressure of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (the stronger of the muscles) was about twice that of the soleus. A second series of experiments was conducted in which blood pressure was increased above intramuscular pressure and the effect of blood pressure on isometric endurance was measured. The pressure of the perfusing blood of the cat's hind limb was adjusted to either 13.3, 26.6, or 39.9 kPa. It was found that increased perfusion of the muscle resulted in a dramatic increase in the endurance for contractions sustained at isometric tensions below 60% of the muscle's initial strength. In contrast, for contractions above this tension, the effect of increased perfusion was much less pronounced. PMID- 6542508 TI - A method for electromyographic analysis of muscular contraction frequencies. AB - A method for evaluation of muscular contraction frequencies during prolonged work is presented. It is based upon computer-aided electromyographic (EMG) analyses. Variations in muscular tension, expressed as the relative force of contraction or torque in the joint, are followed using previously described EMG techniques. The number of times muscular tension crosses an amplitude band from below is then estimated. The band represents a predetermined range of amplitude. It is moved in steps from the lowest to the highest force level which occurred during the work task, and the frequency of band-crossings is computed for each band position. The frequencies are then plotted against the force levels at which the upper limit of the band was placed. From this relationship a frequency/force index is computed. The analysis is repeated several times using different band-widths. Thus, the method considers the contraction frequencies according to the load levels. It was developed to study the function of the musculo-venous pump in the legs during prolonged sedentary work, but might also be used to analyse such factors as muscular strain during work. PMID- 6542509 TI - Effects of facial cooling during exercise at high temperature. AB - Healthy men and women were exercised on a cycle ergometer in a hot environment (46 degrees C). Cold air (5 degrees C) was blown onto the face either as a jet from the tube directed towards the nose or being introduced under a face mask. There was a subjective feeling of increased comfort although the temperature under the mask decreased to only 28 degrees C-32 degrees C. Facial cooling did not cause any changes in either blood pressure or heart rate. It is concluded that this degree of facial cooling does not invoke the previously described peripheral vasconstriction which could inhibit further heat loss. PMID- 6542510 TI - Isokinetic strength in weight-trainers. AB - Isokinetic strength of ankle plantarflexion (APF), knee extension (KE) and elbow extension (EE) was measured in male weight-trainers (6 power-lifters and 7 bodybuilders) and 25 untrained men of similar age and height. The weight-trainers exceeded control subjects by 21%, 25% and 73% in APF, KE and EE strength respectively. A similar pattern was obtained for limb girth, in which the weight trainers exceeded control subjects by 6%, 13%, and 31% in calf, thigh and arm girth, respectively. Strength was similarly enhanced in the weight-trainers at the lower and higher velocities (APF 0.10, 0.63 rad X s-1, KE and EE 0.52, 3.14 rad X s-1) tested, and accounted for the positive correlation (r = 0.84) observed between low and high velocity strength. The powerlifters differed significantly from the bodybuilders only in their greater low velocity APF strength. The relatively greater enhancement of upper versus lower limb strength and muscle mass in the weight-trainers was considered in respect to training habits, trainability of different muscle groups and the state of training of muscle groups in untrained men. PMID- 6542511 TI - [Objectivity, validity and reliability of determination of recovery times following exhaustion trials in heavy dynamic muscle work from time series of heart rate]. AB - Records of heart rate after 152 experiments with exhaustion of three male subjects were rated by three experts to determine the end of the recovery phase. Inter-rater-reliability of recovery times vary between 0.87-0.97 according to the method of calculation. An algorithm for the identification of the end of recovery is developed by approximation of the expert-ratings. The corresponding rater reliability of the algorithm is 0.9. A stepwise multiple regression shows, that most of the variance of recovery times is explained by heart rate at the end of the working phase (63.8%) and by the conditions of the rest phase (18.9%), whereas the stress conditions in the working phase, as type (10.6%), level (20%) and duration (0%) of stressors are concerned, have less explanatory value. These results differ from the literature. The differences are discussed with respect to different criteria for "fatigue" and "recovery". PMID- 6542512 TI - Effects of auditory stimulus timing in the respiratory cycle on the evoked cardiac response in man at rest. AB - The present experiments were carried out in 21 healthy adults to study the effects of auditory stimulus timing within the respiratory cycle on evoked cardiac response. The stimulus (80 dB white noise) was started by the first and finished by the second R-wave after change in respiratory phase, and presented in different series in either early inspiration or early expiration. The spirogram and eight sequential interbeat intervals (IBI) after respiratory phase change were recorded. The mean of IBI and standard deviation (SD) were calculated separately for each IBI of 20 trials for each subject, during both the prestimulus and poststimulus phases. The stimulus effects were expressed as changes from prestimulus conditions, in terms of delta IBI and delta SD. The mean of each of the eight IBI and its SD were found to vary consistently in the same direction, i.e., SD increased with increasing mean IBI. Stimulation during early inspiration did not produce any effect during this respiratory phase. It was not before the beginning of the following expiration that a significant deceleration was evoked, which was associated with an enhanced delta SD, whereas stimulation during early expiration promptly evoked a biphasic cardiac response of the deceleration - acceleration pattern and an increase and decrease in delta SD, respectively. While SD was found to be a function of age, no such finding was obtained for delta IBI and delta SD. These results are discussed in terms of the "vagal gating" hypothesis. PMID- 6542513 TI - The influence of extra load on the mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle. AB - Eleven international jumpers and throwers engaged in year round training were divided into experimental (n = 6) and control (n = 5) groups. The experimental group was tested before and after a 3 weeks simulated hypergravity period, and again 4 weeks after the hypergravity period. The high gravity condition was created by wearing a vest weighing about 13% of the subjects body weight. The vest was worn from morning to evening including the training sessions, and only removed during sleep. The daily training of all subjects consisted of classical weight training and jumping drills. No changes in the ordinary training program were allowed in the experimental group, except for the use of the vest. Vertical jumps, drop jumps and a 15 s continuous jumping test were used to measure the explosive power characteristics of the subjects. After the hypergravity period the experimental subjects demonstrated significant (5-10%, P less than 0.05-0.01) improvements in most of the variables studied: however, 4 weeks after cessation of the high gravity period they tended to return towards the starting values. No changes were observed in the results of the control group. The improvement observed in the experimental subjects was explained as fast adaptation to the simulated high gravity field. It is suggested that adaptation had occurred both in neuromuscular functions and in metabolic processes. PMID- 6542514 TI - Daytime noise and subsequent night sleep in man. AB - The effects of daytime noise on recovery processes during subsequent undisturbed night sleep were studied in six healthy men (21-27 years), exposed to 80 dB (A) pink noise 8 h per day for 2 days. Sleep EEG, ECG, and respiration were recorded in the laboratory for five consecutive nights: two baseline nights, two nights following noise stimulation, and again one baseline night. Additionally questionnaire data were collected, reflecting a subjective impairment of the recovery function of sleep after noise exposure. EEG sleep data of the first post noise night showed an increase in slow wave sleep with a simultaneous decrease in stage 2 sleep. During the second post-noise night these changes were less prominent. Three subjects additionally showed an instability in the sleep course coinciding with elevated heart and respiration rates. However, altogether the autonomic parameters were not clearly affected by the noise exposure. The findings support the assumption that strong daytime noise may interfere with subsequent sleep processes. PMID- 6542515 TI - Data entry on a computer terminal: repetitive work strains on the oculomotor and central nervous systems. AB - Continuous telemetric recordings including E.K.G., E.O.G., and E.E.G. were carried out on two subjects during 4 working days: 1 day of "reference work" or classical clerical activities, 3 days of "data entry work". Although the time allowed for the task was not limited, the performance assessed from oculomotor patterns remained stable throughout the day, from one day to the next and from one subject to another. This stability was reflected on the stereotyped E.E.G. patterns recorded during the work period, the differences occurring between reading and typing were more acute in the left cortical hemisphere than in the right. As a result of these stable patterns, the ultradian oscillations of the behavioural and physiological parameters were less during data entry than during work reference. The only possible time adjustments were the interruptions or breaks between two document pages and their variations could be considered as indicators of work load. PMID- 6542516 TI - A study of fatigue during repetitive static work performed in two different segmental positions. AB - Sixteen subjects, nine women and seven men, aged between 19 and 35 years, performed three series of isometric contractions of the flexor muscles of the forearm at 40% MVC. Each series consisted of four isometric contractions sustained until exhaustion, and separated from each other by an incomplete rest interval of 5 min. The position of the arm (either the lower or the upper position) was variable according to the series. Under these conditions, study of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and limit-time showed that: HR and SBP were not affected by the arm position even when fatigue was important. For a given load with a progressive appearance of fatigue, the limit-time in female subjects was higher. In both groups, in spite of the fatigue appearing after several isometric contractions performed in the upper position, movement of the arm to the lower position was sufficient to significantly increase the time-limit of another isometric contraction at 40% MVC without concomitant increase in cardiac work. PMID- 6542517 TI - An implantable nerve cooler for the exercising dog. AB - An implantable nerve cooler has been constructed to block cervical vago sympathetic activity in the exercising dog reversibly. An insulated gilt brass container implanted around the nerve is perfused with cooled alcohol via silicone tubes. The flow of alcohol is controlled by an electromagnetic valve to keep nerve temperature at the required value. Nerve temperature is measured by a thermistor attached to the housing and in contact with the nerve. It is shown that, during cooling, temperature at this location differs less than 2 degrees C from nerve core temperature. Measurement of changes in heart rate revealed that complete vagal block in the conscious animal is obtained at a nerve temperature of 2 degrees C and can be achieved within 50 s. During steady-state cooling in the exercising animal nerve temperature varied less than 0.5 degree C. When the coolers after 2 weeks of implantation were removed they showed no oxydation and could be used again. PMID- 6542518 TI - After effects of chronic hypoxia on VO2 kinetics and on O2 deficit and debt. AB - Single breath O2 consumption (PB = 730, FI02 = 0.21) was measured at rest, during 10 min cycloergometric exercise at 125 W, and in the following recovery phase in seven subjects before, and 12 days after 6 weeks at 5,200 m or above. Peak blood lactate after exercise (Lab) was measured. O2 deficits and debts and half times (t1/2) of the VO2 on- and off-kinetics were calculated. Before acclimatization, the VO2 on- and off-responses were close to a single exponential with t1/2 = 30 s. After return to sea level, the VO2 on-response curves were less steep in the initial phase, becoming closer to sigmoid. The t1/2, independent of the shape of the underlying function, was approximately 10 s longer. The VO2 off-responses during the initial 4 min of recovery were the same before and after acclimatization. Average O2 deficit was approximately 320 ml larger after acclimatization: the fast component of O2 debt was similar. Since steady state VO2 and Lab were the same, the O2 deficit difference can be attributed to a greater utilization of O2 stores. Of these, about 1/3 is explained in terms of increased mixed venous blood O2 stores, due to increased [Hb] (16.6 vs 14.9 g X dl-1), while the remainder is ascribed essentially to increased Mb-bound O2. O2 stores utilization and replenishment is presumed to occur when muscle metabolism is low; as a consequence, while it is clearly detectable from the shape of the initial phase of the VO2 on-response, during recovery it is spread throughout, thus becoming more difficult to appreciate. PMID- 6542519 TI - After effects of chronic hypoxia on cardiac output and muscle blood flow at rest and exercise. AB - Cardiac output (Q, by N2-CO2 rebreathing) and limb muscle blood flow (qm, from 133Xe clearance) were determined in eight male subjects at rest and during cycloergometric loads immediately before and 12 days after return from the 1981 Swiss Lhotse Shar (8,398 m) Expedition. Compared to control conditions, after exposure to hypoxia: 1) Q was unchanged at rest and at 75 watts (W) but was 18% less (P less than 0.01) at 150 W with constant heart rate (approximately 140 beats X min-1); 2) qm in the vastus lateralis was identical at rest but 26% and 39% less (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.001, respectively) at two submaximal leg work loads (75 and 125 W); 3) qm in the biceps at 50 W was 34% less (P less than 0.01); 4) hemoglobin flow (QHb and qmHb), similarly to blood flow (Q and qm), was significantly reduced; 5) the qm adjustment rate, measured from the time required to attain a new steady state upon a square wave change of work load starting from rest, was slower, particularly at the lower work loads. From the above results as well as from corresponding morphometric findings showing in the same subjects: 1) a decrease of the ratio between fiber section and number of capillaries and 2) a rise of the mitochondrial to fiber volume ratio, it is concluded that during altitude acclimatization peripheral O2 delivery becomes more efficient. PMID- 6542520 TI - Neuromuscular, anaerobic, and aerobic performance characteristics of elite power athletes. AB - Various aspects of neuromuscular, anaerobic, and aerobic performance capacity were investigated in four powerlifters, seven bodybuilders, and three wrestlers with a history of specific training for several years. The data (means +/- SD) showed that the three subject groups possessed similar values for maximal isometric force per unit bodyweight (50.7 +/- 9.6, 49.3 +/- 4.1, and 49.3 +/- 10.9 N/kg, respectively). However, significant (P less than 0.05) differences were observed in the times for isometric force production, so that e.g., times to produce a 30% force level were shorter for the wrestlers and bodybuilders (28.3 +/- 3.1 and 26.4 +/- 6.6 ms) than that (53.3 +/- 23.7 ms) for the powerlifters. Utilization of elastic energy by the wrestlers was significantly (P less than 0.05) better than that of the other two subject groups, as judged from differences between the counter-movement and squat jumps at 0, 40, and 100 kg's loads. No differences were observed between the groups in anaerobic power in a 1 min maximal test, but the values for VO2 max were higher (P less than 0.05) among the wrestlers and bodybuilders (57.8 +/- 6.6 and 50.8 +/- 6.8 ml X kg-1 X min-1) as compared to the powerlifters (41.9 +/- 7.2 ml X kg-1 X min-1). Within the limitations of the subject sample, no differences of a statistical significancy were observed between the groups in fibre distribution, fibre areas, or the area ratio of fast (FT) and slow (ST) twitch fibres in vastus lateralis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542522 TI - Clearance of 99mTc-diisopropyl-IDA in the "steady state". AB - A 77-year-old man with a stent in place for biliary drainage was examined. Intravenously administered 99mTc-diisopropyl-IDA showed little accumulation of activity in the abdomen while the stent was draining internally. Upon switching the stent to external drainage, it was possible to monitor the slow movement of the bile which contained radioactivity. Imaging over the liver and comparing activity changes with a 99mTc standard showed that the decrease in hepatic radioactivity was identical to that occurring in the 99mTc standard. The liver was thus in a "steady state" for excretion of the 99mTc hepatobiliary agent, for it was extracting as much radioactivity from the circulation as it was excreting. PMID- 6542521 TI - Alteration with dietary state of the activity and zonal distribution of adenylate cyclase stimulated by glucagon, fluoride and forskolin in microdissected rat liver tissue. AB - Adenylate cyclase activated by glucagon, fluoride and forskolin was measured in liver homogenates and microdissected periportal and perivenous tissue of fed and fasted rats. A radiochemical microtest, more sensitive by 2-3 orders of magnitude as compared with the usual assay, was established for the determination of the activity in liver samples corresponding to 200-600 ng dry weight. In liver homogenates from fasted as compared to fed animals the glucagon-stimulated and fluoride-stimulated activity was increased by 1.65-fold, while the basal and the forskolin-stimulated activity remained the same. In microdissected tissue of both fed and fasted animals the activity was stimulated in about 60% of the samples by glucagon, fluoride and forskolin (responsive samples). However, in about 40% of the microdissected tissue samples the activity could not be stimulated by any of the above activators (non-responsive samples). In responsive microdissected tissue of fasted as compared to fed animals, the glucagon-stimulated and fluoride stimulated activity but not the basal and the forskolin-activated activity was increased by 2-3-fold. In responsive microdissected samples of fed animals neither the basal nor the stimulated activities showed a significant periportal to perivenous gradient. In samples of fasted animals, however, a zonal gradient was observed for the glucagon-stimulated activity exhibiting a 1.5-fold higher rate in the perivenous zone. PMID- 6542523 TI - Coeliac disease coexistent with fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6542524 TI - Centronuclear myopathy with special consideration of the adult form. AB - We report clinical, electrophysiological, enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural findings in 4 patients afflicted with centronuclear myopathy of adulthood whose disorder emphasizes the broad spectrum of this congenital myopathy including clear ocular ptosis in only one and facio-scapulo-peroneal syndrome in another patient. The morphological criteria for classification are central nuclei and the enzyme histochemical findings in muscle biopsies which did not show any significant progression over many years, more severe involvement of distal muscles in 2 patients and conspicuous presence of intrafascicular fat cells. 1 patient had associated minicores in a familial setting. Although electromyographic data comprised a mixed myopathic-neurogenic pattern, the morphological features in muscle biopsies did not further prove a neurogenic origin of our patients' neuromuscular disorder. PMID- 6542525 TI - Role of sex hormones in sex-dependent differences in phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behaviors in rats. AB - This study was designed to assess the contribution of male and female sex hormones to sex-dependent differences in phencyclidine (PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors. Female rats appeared to be more sensitive to PCP than were male rats as evidenced by stereotyped behaviors. Chronic testosterone treatment and ovariectomy decreased the susceptibility to PCP but increased the efficiency of hepatic drug metabolizing systems in female rats. On the contrary, an increased sensitivity to PCP and a decreased efficiency of hepatic drug metabolizing systems in male rats resulted from chronic treatment with estradiol and castration. It appears from these results that the male and female sex hormones are responsible for sex-dependent differences in PCP-induced stereotyped behaviors by means of changes in the metabolism of PCP. PMID- 6542526 TI - Effect of OKY-1581, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, on coronary thrombosis in the conscious dog. AB - OKY-1581, a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, was studied in a conscious canine model of coronary thrombosis. After thoracotomy with placement of a left circumflex coronary artery flow probe and implantation of an electrode into the circumflex artery, animals were assigned randomly to the following groups: 0.9% NaCl vehicle control or OKY-1581 1 mg/kg every 4 intravenously for 24 h. During the drug treatment period, a 50 microA anodal current was passed through the circumflex electrode, and venous blood was obtained for platelet aggregation studies. As compared to control animals, the OKY-1581 treated animals developed a greater mean coronary flow at the end of the treatment period, smaller thrombi by wet weight, smaller infarcts, and fewer ventricular arrhythmias. Ex vivo platelet aggregation studies revealed significant inhibition of aggregation to standard aggregating agents for the drug treated group only. OKY-1581 is an effective antithrombotic agent which maintains coronary flow after a thrombogenic stimulus, presumably via blockade of the synthesis of thromboxane by blood platelets. PMID- 6542527 TI - The metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by the lungs of asbestos exposed rats. AB - A group of Fischer F344 rats were exposed to an aerosol of crocidolite asbestos for 36 d. Short-term organ cultures were established from the lungs of these animals and from a similar control group. The ability of these cultures to metabolise benzo(a)pyrene to water-soluble and ether-soluble forms was measured. Crocidolite treatment reduced the lungs ability to produce both types of metabolite although only the reduction in water-soluble forms was significant. DNA binding increased in cultures from treated rats, though this was not statistically significant. The possible relationship of these results to asbestos pathogenesis is discussed. PMID- 6542528 TI - Phospholipids of Golgi subfractions determined with an enzymatic method. AB - Golgi apparatus subfractions are still under consideration both for morphological, biochemical and functional characterization. In this note, we determined glycerophospholipids and Golgi subfractions from rat liver by a method that requires the complete enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids with phospholipase C from CL perfringens. The main advantages of this procedure are that small amounts of protein membranes are required, the precision and the rapidity. PMID- 6542529 TI - Stimulatory effect of platelet homogenate on amino acid transport into L-929 cells. AB - It was found that the addition of platelet homogenate to confluent cultures of L 929 cells causes distinct increase of leucine and proline transport into the cells. A significant part of these amino acids is incorporated into high molecular, nondialysable material. The addition of cycloheximide to culture medium completely inhibits incorporation of proline and leucine into proteins but it does not affect the transport of these amino acids into the cells. PMID- 6542530 TI - Ultrastructural study of lysosomes in the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats under chronic salt ingestion. AB - The presence of lysosomes and lysosomal-like bodies in the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) under the influence of 1% NaCl was studied. In SHRs, 2 weeks and older, there was an observable increase of lysosomes and lysosomal-like bodies in the myocardium when compared to the myocardium of age-matched controls. It is postulated that degradation is initiated by primary lysosomes and that mitochondria seem to be a prime target. The degradation process is also believed to be a relevant factor in cardiac hypertrophy of SHRs and that a high NaCl intake coupled with a sustained high blood pressure enhanced this process. PMID- 6542531 TI - Morphology and function of liver after intravenous and intraportal injections of the immunomodulating agent Propionibacterium granulosum. AB - An immunomodulator, cell walls from Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP-45 (PG), has been applied in rabbits to test its influence on morphology and function of liver cells. For investigation of distribution in internal organs, the PG preparation was 51Cr-labelled and injected i.v. into mice. Functional liver tests were performed in rabbits injected intravenously or intraportally with PG. Morphologic studies (light and electron microscopy) of liver sections were performed in mice and rats injected intravenously with PG, 1-60 d prior to liver examination. Intravenous or intraportal application of PG did not cause detectable clinical symptoms during the whole observation period (1-60 d). During the first 3-7 d, elevation of serum globulins and transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) were noted with reappearance of normal values after 14-20 d. 131I-labelled Bengal Rose injected into PG-treated rabbits was trapped mostly in the spleen, and to a smaller extent in liver, where radioactivity was significantly lower than in saline-injected control animals. 51Cr-labelled PG injected i.v. into mice were after 60-90 min localized preferentially in lungs and liver, where the radioactivity was much higher than in the spleen. Morphological studies revealed that 6 h following i.v. injection of PG, there appeared partial clearing of the hepatocyte cytoplasm and lowering of their basophilic content with enhancement of pinocytic activity of the hepatocytes. This was accompanied by enlargement of RES cells in liver with enhanced intracellular digestion, higher number of lysosomes and appearance of phagocytic vacuoles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542532 TI - Nuclear progestin receptor in the chimpanzee sex skin. AB - We describe for the first time the presence of a nuclear progestin receptor in the sex skin of the chimpanzee, which is possibly involved in the anti-estrogen action of progestins in the sexual swelling. PMID- 6542533 TI - Analysis of 2-phenyl-chromon derivatives and chlorogenic acid. II. High performance thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography in flowers, leaves and buds extractives of Crataegus oxyacantha L. PMID- 6542534 TI - [Studies of progestin specific binding protein in the human prostate [I]: Studies on basic conditions for the accurate quantitative assay method]. AB - Specific binding of the synthetic progestin 17 alpha-methyl-[3H]-promegestone (R5020) in the cytosol of human benign prostatic hypertrophy was studied to determine the accurate quantitative assay method. No significant effect was observed between Tris and Phosphate buffer during a buffer composition investigation. The addition of either glycerol or mercaptoethanol was effective in the enhancement of R5020 specific binding. When sodium molibdate was added into the incubation buffer, the obvious increase of 7-8S components in the SDG analysis was observed. R5020 specific binding was suppressed by the addition of CaCl2. No enhancement effect was observed by the addition of EDTA (0.1-6mM). Under the high concentration of EDTA (10-50mM), it was suppressed. SDG assay by the vertical rotor was superior to that by the swing rotor. It seemed that the long incubation time was an important factor to obtain 7-8S, which was sufficiently bounded. This estimation, however, is not assertive. Further information on the incubation time frame will be presented in the next report. It was evident that the 7-8S saturable peak alone was less than the value calculated by the charcoal assay. It was concluded that not only 7-8S but also 4S binding was included in N value by the charcoal assay. The SDG assay is recommended for the clinical receptor study, since there is not enough information concerning the character of 4S and 7-8S saturable binding in the human prostate. PMID- 6542535 TI - The effects of prenatal exposure to predictable or unpredictable stress on early development in the rat. AB - Pregnant rats were exposed to different schedules of noise and light stress, and the development of their offspring was studied during the first 2 weeks of life. Motor development was measured by different tests: Righting reflex (Days 2-4); cliff avoidance (Days 4-10); turning on an inclined plane (Days 5-10); and swimming behavior (Days 6-10). Development of motivation-involved behavior was measured with a home-seeking test (Days 6-16). Other developmental landmarks such as acoustic response (Days 12-14) and eye-opening (Days 14-17) were also recorded. Thrice-weekly random stress resulted in a delay in the development of all behaviors studied. Daily stress exposure throughout pregnancy resulted in smaller litters with heavier pups, but otherwise normal behavioral and physical development. Rats exposed to daily stress during the last week of pregnancy only produced litters that did not differ in size and body weight, but that displayed accelerated development of all parameters (except for eye-opening) from Day 6 onwards. It is concluded that the unpredictable nature of prenatal stress is responsible for delays in behavior of offspring. PMID- 6542536 TI - Changes of AChE activity in ovarian nerves of pigs in different periods of the oestrous cycle: relationship to ovarian steroids. AB - The morphological features of cholinergic nerves in the ovary, a determination of the level of acetylcholinesterase activity in different periods of the oestrous cycle and an attempt to determine if a relationship existe between AChE activity and the hormonal state of animal are described in this paper. Mature pigs were randomly assigned to 3 experimental groups and killed on 1st to 2nd d of oestrous cycle (group I; n = 6), on 13th to 14th d (group II; n = 7), and 16th to 18th d of the oestrous cycle (group III; n = 6). First signs of oestrus were designated the zeroth d. Histochemical evaluation of the most abundant cholinergic innervation was shown in ovaries of animals in group III, weaker cholinergic representation was found in animals of group I, and weakest in group II. Whereas the lowest activity of AChE determined by biochemical test was observed in the ovaries of group I, AChE activity in the ovaries on 13 to 14 and 16 to 18 d of oestrous cycle was 8- to 10-fold higher, respectively, in relation to the animals of group I. These results suggest that there exists a relationship between AChE activity in the ovary and ovarian steroid hormones and that this may be an important factor regulating the ovarian blood flow in the course of oestrous cycle in pigs. PMID- 6542537 TI - Environmental and endocrine control of reproduction in the song sparrow, Melospiza melodia. II. Agonistic interactions as environmental information stimulating secretion of testosterone. AB - A group of eight free-living adult male song sparrows, selected at random, were given subcutaneous implants of testosterone (T) in Silastic tubing. In a separate area, 1 km distant, a second group of eight free-living males were given empty implants as controls. All implants were administered in late March and early April and in the experimental group maintained plasma levels of T at the springtime peak. To test whether prolonged high levels of T maintained aggressive territorial behavior at the springtime maximum, each bird was "challenged" by stimulating a territorial intrusion achieved by playing tape-recorded conspecific songs on their territories. Sparrows with T implants were more aggressive than controls in accordance with other studies showing that T increases frequency and intensity of aggression. Blood samples were collected from all implanted birds, and their untreated neighbors, at intervals throughout the breeding season, and plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and T were measured. Circulating T levels in males with territories next to control males show declines in T levels in April, increase again in May, and are low during the parental phase in June and July. However, the decline of T in males with territories next to males implanted with T did not occur, and levels remained significantly higher than those of males in the control area. Plasma T levels did decrease in May, however, but rose again in June, and in July were significantly higher than controls. Curiously, plasma levels of luteinizing hormone did not differ between controls and experimentals. PMID- 6542538 TI - [Genetic relationship of catalepsy to penduliform movements and audiogenic epilepsy in rats]. AB - Within outbred Wistar stock, the pendulum movements are found to be inherited in what may be considered as a dominant mono- or oligogenic mode of inheritance with incomplete penetrance. This indicates that the albinism only permits the manifestation of the pendulum movements, which are also controlled by some other gene or genes. The pendulum movements show a positive genetic relation to catalepsy, although this relation is not strong: the proportion of animals with pendulum movements is 23% in the control population and 32% in F12-F16 bred for catalepsy (p less than 0.05). Within the latter, the proportion of animals with pendulum movements was 43% in the progeny of parents with phenotypically expressed catalepsy, and 29% in the progeny of phenotypically "normal" animals (p less than 0.01). The frequency of audiogenic seizures was 32% in the control population and 17% in F8-F16 bred for catalepsy (p less than 0.001). A genetic model is proposed to account for the paradoxical situation, where pendulum movements have a positive genetic relation both to catalepsy and audiogenic epilepsy, the catalepsy being at the same time negatively related to epilepsy. PMID- 6542539 TI - [Heredity and the bimanual asymmetry of human finger and palm dermatoglyphs]. AB - An attempt has been made to study the effect of hereditary factors on the asymmetry of morpho-functional quantitative traits, in particular, finger and palm dermatoglyphs (24 indices). The results of examination of 140 twin pairs (83 monozygotic and 57 dizygotic) are presented. The hereditary effects have been found for ten traits when an account is taken of the asymmetry direction, and for nine traits when asymmetry direction is not considered. PMID- 6542540 TI - [Statistical patterns of the formation of acrocentric chromosome associations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes]. AB - The level of the association index of acrocentric chromosomes in lymphocyte population of peripheral blood depends on a frequency of lymphocyte classes with different numbers of associating of chromosomes and is not related to argentophily of their nucleolus formating regions. The latter character influences the frequency of entry of separate acrocentric chromosomes in appearing associations. PMID- 6542541 TI - [Rare case of congenital subaortic stenosis caused by hyperplasia of the anterior cusp of the mitral valve]. PMID- 6542542 TI - [Functional changes of the central nervous system in rat offspring treated with ethanol during lactating period]. AB - The present study was made to investigate the developmental toxicity of ethanol administered to rat pups via dams for 18 days (day 3-21 after parturition) from the relatively early postnatal stage in terms of changes in the threshold for pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, the sleeping time with barbital, preference for morphine or ethanol and tolerance to phenobarbital. The threshold of pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions in ethanol-experienced off-spring were similar to that in the naive group. The sleeping time with barbital in ethanol experienced offspring were prolonged in comparison with that in the naive offspring. Pups whose dams were treated with ethanol showed high preference for ethanol. The inhibition of rotarod performance in ethanol-experienced offspring were accelerated. The present results suggest that the inhibition of functional development in the central nervous system may have occurred in the ethanol experienced offspring. PMID- 6542543 TI - Chromosomal studies of peripheral blood from epileptic patients treated with phenobarbital and/or diphenylhydantoin. AB - Chromosome studies were carried out on the peripheral blood of 26 epilepsy patients treated with phenobarbital and/or diphenylhydantoin, on ten healthy controls and on eight untreated epileptic controls. There was a significant increase in the individual numbers of sister chromatid exchanges per metaphase for all the patients treated with drugs compared with the mean of the pooled values from all the controls. There was no significant increase in the number of chromosome aberrations in the treated patients compared with the controls. There were very few structural aberrations in either the treated patients or the controls. PMID- 6542544 TI - Effect of short-term administration of sodium saccharin on rhesus monkeys. AB - Sodium saccharin (NaS) was incorporated into biscuits or the drinking-water and fed to rhesus monkeys at progressively increasing doses in order to determine the maximum dose that the monkeys would voluntarily consume and/or tolerate. Very little rejection of NaS-treated biscuits or drinking-water was observed. However, severe diarrhoea which precluded further treatment occurred when the dose of NaS reached 8.0% (approximately 1600 mg/kg body weight/day) in the biscuits and 0.48% (approximately 900-2400 mg/kg/day) in the drinking-water. An increase in fluid intake occurred in monkeys in both treatment groups. An increase in urine volume and a decrease in urine osmolality occurred in monkeys fed NaS in the drinking water. No effects on body weight, food consumption or urine pH were observed in monkeys in either treatment group. All animals rapidly recovered when they were given untreated biscuits or water. Therefore, although monkeys will voluntarily consume rather high doses of NaS incorporated into biscuits or drinking-water, adverse effects on their general well-being preclude such administration for more than a few days. PMID- 6542545 TI - Cytotoxic changes induced in rat-liver cells by short-term exposure to acetylethyltetramethyltetralin. AB - The livers of Sprague-Dawley female rats examined by electron microscopy after oral administration of one, two or three doses of acetylethyltetramethyltetralin (AETT) demonstrated that this compound is a hepatotoxin which induces classic degenerative changes as well as effects on the nucleolus. This suggests that AETT not only affects cytoplasmic homeostasis but may also have an effect upon protein synthesis. PMID- 6542546 TI - Mechanism of butylated hydroxytoluene-associated modification of diethylnitrosamine-induced squamous stomach carcinoma. AB - The metabolism of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and the effect of BHT on the metabolism of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was studied in male and female BALB/c mice to further understanding of the selective protection of BHT on the incidence of DEN-induced squamous-stomach carcinomas in female (but not in male) mice. Following intragastric administration of [14C]BHT, the antioxidant was covalently bound to tissue macromolecules. The relative distribution of this bound BHT varied with time; 8 hr after [14C]BHT administration, most of the covalently bound BHT was associated with the protein components; at 96 hr the nucleic acid components bound more BHT than did the protein components. Animals pretreated with BHT and given [14C]DEN intragastrically had lower blood levels of radioactivity and eliminated a larger percentage of DEN and/or its metabolites in the urine and as carbon dioxide than animals given [14C]DEN alone. The binding of DEN and/or its metabolites to cellular macromolecules of the squamous stomach of female animals was decreased following pretreatment with BHT. However, the BHT associated decrease in DEN binding was also observed in the squamous stomach of male animals and in the liver of both sexes, although the tumour incidence in these target organs for DEN carcinogenesis is not modified by BHT. These results suggest that the BHT-associated decrease in the binding of DEN to DNA is of a generalized rather than a selective nature, and may be insufficient to account for the protective effect of BHT. Two parameters that were found to parallel the susceptibility of DEN target tissues to the anticarcinogenic effects of BHT were the relative degree of inhibition of DEN bound to RNA species and the relative amount of BHT bound to DNA. Thus the anticarcinogenic properties of BHT may be more complex than an induction of enzymes that detoxify the carcinogen and/or an inhibition of enzymes that activate the carcinogen with a resulting decrease in the quantity of carcinogen available for electrophilic reactions. PMID- 6542547 TI - The steatotic and cytotoxic effects of cholesterol oxides in cultured L cells. AB - Monolayers of L-cell cultures were incubated with oxygenated cholesterols and cellular protein was subsequently measured to assess the cytotoxicity of the cholesterol oxides. The site of oxidation of the cholesterol molecule was not reflected in the degree of cytotoxicity. Of the 12 cholesterol oxides tested, cholestan-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol and cholestan-3,5-diene-7-one exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity, approximately 45% inhibition (reduction) in protein compared to the control at concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml, after 1 day of incubation with the compounds. 5-Cholesten-3 beta, 25-diol and 5-cholesten-3 beta ol-7-one were the most cytotoxic after 5 days' exposure with concentrations of 10 micrograms/ml reducing the protein content to approximately 10% of the control. Lipid accumulation in the L cells (steatosis), as measured by Oil Red O-stainable droplets formed in response to cholesterol oxides was also investigated. Grade 3 steatosis (an increase in lipid droplets so that more than 75% of the L-cell cytoplasm was occupied by lipid droplets) after 1 day of exposure to cholesterol oxides generally reflected the cytotoxic effect of the same cholesterol oxides after 5 days' exposure. However some of the steatotic cholesterol oxides, such as the alpha and beta epimers of cholestan-5,6-epoxy-3 beta-ol were highly active with respect to steatosis, increasing the grade 3 value to 209 and 390% of control, respectively, but were not cytotoxic. This has led to the suggestion that the cholesterol oxides have more than one mode of action in L cells. PMID- 6542548 TI - Subacute toxicity of the mycotoxin cyclopiazonic acid. AB - Cyclopiazonic acid (CA) is known to contaminate processed foods, maize and peanuts. Since previously available toxicity data were limited to the effects of single doses, Wistar-derived rats were given weekly doses of 0, 12 or 21 mg CA/kg body weight in 1 N-sodium bicarbonate, using a dosage volume of 2.5 ml/kg body weight, and subgroups of eight were killed 1 wk after doses 2, 5, 9 and 14. Males on the highest dose level showed mild growth retardation initially and 25% died suddenly during wk 4. No abnormal signs were observed in the surviving males or in any of the females throughout the 15 wk of the experiment. CA induced mild cellular degenerative changes in the myocardium and in several other organs where ballooning of nuclei, especially in ductal epithelia, was also characteristic. The changes were only weakly related to dose level, sex and the number of doses given. The findings suggest that CA is probably a metabolic inhibitor requiring considerable concentrations to exert toxicity. The limited data currently available do not elicit concern in terms of human risk or warrant any particular control procedures. PMID- 6542549 TI - Citrinin mycotoxicosis in the rabbit: clinicopathological alterations. AB - Citrinin, a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, was dissolved in 0.5 N-NaOH neutralized with HCl and given in a single oral dose of 120 mg/kg (Trial I) or 80 or 100 mg/kg (Trial II) to male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2.0-2.7 kg. In Trial I, sequential measurements of clinicopathological parameters were made over a 24-hr period. Azotaemia and metabolic acidosis with haemoconcentration and hypokalaemia developed within 4-12 hr. In Trial II, clinicopathological and urinary parameters were measured daily for 7 days. Increased blood urea nitrogen and serum-creatine levels and decreased creatinine clearance indicated renal failure; these values were most abnormal on days 2-4, returning to normal or near normal by day 7 in rabbits that survived. Urine analysis indicated tubular dysfunction and necrosis with glucosuria, isosthenuria and cylindruria; most urinary parameters were normal by day 7. PMID- 6542550 TI - Genetic aspects of hemifacial microsomia. PMID- 6542551 TI - Foetal loss & family size in neonatal jaundice due to ABO-HDN, G-6-PD deficiency & low birth weight. PMID- 6542552 TI - Role of ovarian hormones in hoarding pattern. AB - Hoarding pattern studied in 28 adult female albino rats indicated cyclic changes in hoarding corresponding to alterations in estrus cycle. It was observed that the hoarding score was maximum at proestrus and the least at diestrus. Animals ovariectomised at proestrus maintained higher hoarding score and those ovariectomised at diestrus stablised on lower hoarding score. Progesterone administration reduced the score in high-score group and Oestrogen administration improved the score in low score group. Alterations in ovarian hormone levels were thus observed to influence hoarding pattern in rats. PMID- 6542554 TI - One family of benign X-linked pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy of early onset. PMID- 6542553 TI - The evolving hormonal profile in amenorrhoeic patients with cryptic hyperandrogenaemia. PMID- 6542555 TI - Isolation of urokinase, proenzyme of urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator from human plasma by combination of two kinds of affinity column cromatography methods. PMID- 6542556 TI - In vitro fertilization of human oocytes in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6542557 TI - Hypoxic insomnia: effects of carbon monoxide and acclimatization. AB - Hypoxia causes severe disruption of both rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Experiments were performed on rats to determine if hypoxic insomnia is mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors and if normal sleep is restored during acclimatization to low O2. Novel methods were devised to measure distribution of amplitudes of cortical slow waves during NREM sleep and to detect REM sleep from the ratio of amplitudes of theta-to delta-frequency bands in the hippocampal electroencephalogram (EEG). Acute exposure of rats to 10.5% O2 (5,030 m altitude equivalent) during daylight hours virtually abolished REM sleep and shifted the distribution of amplitudes of slow-wave sleep EEG toward awake values. Similar disruption of sleep occurred during inhalation of 0.05% CO with steady-state carboxyhemoglobin of approximately 35%. Respiratory rate and alveolar ventilation were greatly increased by 10.5% O2 but were unaffected by CO. Therefore, hypoxic disruption of sleep was not mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors regulating breathing. Partial recovery of sleep occurred after 1-2 wk of hypoxia, but both REM and NREM were still subnormal after 1 mo. Decreased intensity of NREM sleep during hypoxia, measured by amplitude of cortical slow waves, may explain the disparity between subjective complaints of insomnia at altitude and evaluations of sleep by direct observation or by conventional EEG. Loss of appetite, loss of weight, irritability, and other symptoms of altitude sickness may be related to hypoxic insomnia. PMID- 6542558 TI - Jejunal obstruction due to Baylisascaris procyonis in a raccoon. PMID- 6542559 TI - Multifocal cerebellar cortical necrosis caused by canine distemper virus infection in a raccoon. PMID- 6542560 TI - Suspected tremetol poisoning in horses. AB - Of 10 horses in a heavily overgrazed pasture, 4 died within 1 week. Clinical signs included muscle tremors, ataxia, reluctance to walk, heavy sweating, and myoglobinuria. Serum creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase activities were high. Histopathologic findings were nonspecific. On the basis of clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, nonspecific histopathologic findings, the condition of the pasture, the identification of numerous white snakeroot plants from which trematone was extracted, and evidence that these plants had been heavily browsed, it was believed that the horses died from ingestion of Eupatorium rugosum. PMID- 6542561 TI - Folic acid and reproductive performances of sows. AB - Two-hundred nine sows were used in a 2 X 2 split-plot unbalanced design to measure the effect of folic acid against control, and flushing against a normal level of feeding, between weaning and mating on the following variables: serum folates at weaning and at 60 d of gestation, blood hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Ht) after 15 wk of gestation and reproductive performance at farrowing. Folic acid was administered im according to a schedule that maintained serum folates at approximately the same level between weaning and 60 d of gestation. The treatments had no effect on Hb or Ht after 15 wk of gestation. Average live litter size was 12.0 piglets/litter for sows receiving the folic acid and flushing treatments as compared with 10.5 for sows without any treatment; the main effect of folic acid was significant (P less than or equal to .04). Intralitter variation in birth weight and total litter weight tended to be increased by folic acid administration. Results showed that the administration of folic acid during gestation could appreciably improve the reproductive performance of sows. PMID- 6542562 TI - Efficacy of using vaginal conductivity as an indicator of the optimum time to breed in swine. AB - Two experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of using vaginal conductivity measurements to predict ovulation time in swine. In Exp. 1, 10 normally cycling 6 mo-old purebred Hampshire gilts were tested daily through two estrous cycles in order to characterize conductivity patterns. In all females, onset of behavioral estrus was verified by daily observation in the presence of a sexually active boar. Significant changes in vaginal conductivity by day of the cycle were detected in all females tested, with a high degree of variation among individuals. A 10% increase in conductivity occurred 12 to 24 h after the onset of estrus, which is coincident with the time normally associated with high fertility. In Exp. 2, 46 prepubertal crossbred and purebred Yorkshire gilts and 17 multiparous purebred Yorkshire and Duroc sows were assigned randomly to eight treatment groups. All females were checked twice daily for the onset of estrus and vaginal conductivity readings were taken from approximately 3 d before estrus until breeding. Females were bred by artificial insemination or handmated at times determined either by detection of estrus alone or when a 10% increase in conductivity readings occurred relative to the onset of estrus. Similar conception rates were achieved in animals bred after a 10% change in vaginal conductivity as compared with detection of estrus. These results indicate that vaginal conductivity measurements during estrus provided a reliable basis for determining the time to breed swine. However, there was no advantage associated with the use of vaginal conductivity. PMID- 6542563 TI - Sow productivity comparisons for four breeds of swine: purebred and crossbred litters. AB - Data were collected from 366 litters produced in a four-breed (Duroc, Yorkshire, Spotted and Landrace) diallel mating system. Purebred and crossbred litters were farrowed during five consecutive (fall and spring) farrowing seasons (fall 1976 through fall 1978). Litters were produced by randomly mating boars of each breed to at least one female of each breed. Litter size and weight at birth, litter size and weight at 42 d and pig survival to 42 d were analyzed. There were significant parity effects for all traits except survival rate, and significant year and season effects for litter size at birth and 42 d and litter weight at 42 d. Large breed of dam differences were detected for most sow productivity traits. Litters from Spotted females were smaller and lighter in weight. Landrace females were most productive in terms of litter weight at weaning and proportion of their pigs raised from birth to weaning. Breed of sire differences were not significant for any trait. Significant heterosis estimates were obtained for litter size and weight at weaning and for survival rate. Crossbred litters had .79 more pigs, were 11.72 kg heavier at weaning and had a 5.56% greater survival rate than the average of all purebreds. PMID- 6542564 TI - Estimates of additive genetic, maternal and specific combining abilities for some litter traits of swine. AB - Data from 1,234 purebred and crossbred litters were analyzed with a multiple regression procedure to obtain estimates of breed additive, breed maternal, specific combining ability (SCA) and average maternal heterosis effects for the Duroc (D), Hampshire (H), Landrace (L), Spot (S) and Yorkshire (Y) breeds. The traits studied were: number farrowed (NB), litter birth weight (LBWT), average pig birth weight (BWT), litter size at 21 d (N21), litter weight at 21 d (L21WT) and average pig weight at 21 d (WT21). The three traits measured at birth included stillborn pigs. The data were analyzed with a statistical model that included effects of research farm, sow group within year and farm and the regressions of the dependent variables on the D, H, S and Y breed additive genetic and breed maternal effects, deviated from the L breed. The model also included the regressions of the dependent variables on all possible two-breed heterotic combinations (SCA) and on average maternal heterosis. The breed additive and maternal regression coefficients indicated phenotypic effects of substituting D, H, S and Y genes for L genes. The SCA regression coefficients were the phenotypic effects of individual heterosis increasing from 0 to 100% for each two-breed combination. For the breed additive genetic component of the phenotype, the breeds ranked (from largest to smallest effect) H, Y, L, D, S for NB; Y, L, H, S, D for LBWT and Y, H, L, S, D for BWT. At 21 d, the breeds ranked Y, D, L, S, H for N21; Y, L, H, D, S for L21WT and Y, H, L, S, D for WT21.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542565 TI - A genetic analysis of sow productivity traits. AB - Genetic and phenotypic parameters for sow productivity traits were derived from analyses of records for 999 purebred Duroc and Yorkshire litters at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center. Included were 682 spring-farrowed litters and 317 fall-farrowed litters. Primary traits examined were number of pigs born alive in the litter (NA), litter size at 21 d of age (N21), litter weight at 21 d (W21) and an index (I21) combining the three traits. Also analyzed were total number of pigs farrowed alive or stillborn, litter weight of pigs born alive and litter size and litter weight at 42 d of age (weaning). Selection was based mainly on the sow productivity index among litters in the spring season and mainly on performance traits among fall-farrowed pigs. Select and control lines were maintained in both breeds in both seasons. Yorkshires started at higher levels of productivity than Durocs in spring 1975, showed more fluctuation and ended in spring 1982 at about their starting levels. Durocs started at lower productivity levels and recorded generally significant increases by 1982, with comparable selection differentials for the two breeds. Heritabilities, estimated from daughter-biparental (mid-dam, paternal granddam) regressions using records expressed as deviations from contemporary breed-line means, varied widely among the breed-line groups. Suggested composite heritability estimates were 5, 10 and 20% for NA, N21 and W21, respectively. Genetic correlations, computed from daughter-biparental covariances, were high and positive (.7 or above) among all traits. Based on estimated genetic gains, it was proposed that W21, alone or in combination with N21 and(or) NA in an index, be used as the primary selection criterion to bring about genetic improvement in sow productivity traits. PMID- 6542566 TI - Follicular growth and production of estrogen and progesterone after injection of gilts with human chorionic gonadotropin on day 12 of the estrous cycle. AB - Twenty cyclic gilts were injected im with either saline (control) or 1,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on d 12 of the estrous cycle to determine the effects of hCG on follicular development and steroidogenesis. Blood was collected when gilts were sacrificed on d 13 or 16. Follicles were classified as medium (3 to 6 mm in diameter) or large (greater than 6 mm diameter), dissected from the ovary, measured and weighed. Pieces of follicle wall were incubated 3 h in Krebs Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KRB) on ice in an atmosphere of air or at 37 C in an atmosphere of 95% O2:5% CO2. Unconjugated estrogen and progesterone in blood plasma, follicular fluid and 10,000 X g supernatants of incubated follicular tissue homogenates were quantified by radioimmunoassay. On d 13 follicles on ovaries of control or hCG-injected gilts were less than or equal to 6 mm in diameter. On d 16, one of five control gilts had some large follicles, while all five hCG-treated gilts had large as well as medium follicles. On d 16 follicular fluid of large follicles from hCG-injected gilts contained twofold more estrogen and 40-fold more progesterone than medium follicles on the same ovaries. Tissue from large follicles of hCG-injected gilts produced more progesterone in vitro than did tissue from medium follicles (P less than .05), but estrogen production did not differ. On d 16 medium follicles from control or hCG-injected gilts were larger, contained more estrogen and less progesterone than those recovered on d 13 (P less than .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542567 TI - Phosphatidylinositol turnover in isolated soybean membranes stimulated by the synthetic growth hormone 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. AB - Phospholipids of plant membranes isolated from homogenates of dark-grown hypocotyls of soybean (Glycine max L.) undergo rapid and specific degradative changes. The degradation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) in such membranes is enhanced in the presence of the synthetic auxin, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), measured as the hydrolysis of PI or by an enhancement of [3H]inositol incorporation into membrane-associated PI stimulated by Mn2+, but not dependent upon added CTP, Mg2+, or diglyceride. The response is rapid and enhanced by auxin throughout the physiological range of growth-promoting concentrations (optimum at about 7 X 10(-7) M). The growth-inactive 2,4-D analogue, 2,3 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,3-D), is without effect. These findings suggest a cell-free response of isolated membranes to the hormone mediated by a definable enzymatic reaction. PMID- 6542568 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for prostaglandin E1 in various ointment vehicles. Separation and stability testing. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) incorporated in white petrolatum, white ointment, hydrophilic petrolatum and Plastibase was investigated. The prostaglandin was separated from the oleaginous vehicles with n-hexane-aqueous acetonitrile. Most of white petrolatum, which is a principal component in the vehicles, remained in the n-hexane layer, and the recovery of the drug from any vehicle attained 100%. The method was applied to stability studies of PGE1 in white petrolatum and macrogol ointment. In which pure PGE1 and PGE1-alpha-cyclodextrin complex (PGE1 CD) were incorporated. The drug remained intact for up to 6 months when stored at 5 degrees C. At 25 and 40 degrees C, pure PGE1 was more stable than PGE1-CD and both PGE1 species were more stable in white petrolatum than in macrogol ointment. PMID- 6542569 TI - Production of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with the aid of pertussigen in mouse strains considered genetically resistant. AB - Strains of mice (BALB/c An Bradley/Wehi, C57B1/10J, CBA/ca H Wehi, DBA/2 Wf, A/J Wehi), thought to be genetically resistant to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and known to be resistant to becoming hypersensitive to histamine after administration of pertussis vaccine were tested for their ability to develop EAE when purified pertussigen was included in the immunization. It was found that C57B1/10J, CBA/ca H Wehi, BALB/c An Bradley/Wehi and DBA/2 Wf developed typical signs and histologic evidence of EAE. The A/J Wehi and the B10D2/n Sn (not previously tested) strains developed only mild signs of EAE, while the known susceptible (SJL/J X BALB/c An Bradley/Wehi) F1 hybrids developed severe EAE. Histologic evidence of EAE was lacking in A/J Wehi mice and was minimal in B10D2/n Sn mice. These results suggest that neither the H-2 complex nor the gene controlling susceptibility to sensitization to histamine by administration of pertussigen are wholly responsible for susceptibility to EAE. PMID- 6542570 TI - Thrombin stimulates tissue plasminogen activator release from cultured human endothelial cells. AB - The effect of thrombin on the release of tissue plasminogen activator from endothelial cells was studied in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Tissue plasminogen activator concentration in conditioned medium was measured by a two-site radioimmunometric assay. The addition of increasing concentrations (0.01 to 10 U/ml) of thrombin to confluent cultures produced a saturable, dose-dependent increase in the rate of release of tissue plasminogen activator. A sixfold increase in tissue plasminogen activator concentration (from 2 to 12 ng/ml) occurred after the addition of 1 U/ml thrombin (8 X 10(-9) M) to cultures containing 5 X 10(4) cells/cm2. Enhanced release was not observed until 6 h after thrombin addition, reached a maximum rate of 1.3 ng/ml per h between 8 and 16 h, and then declined to 0.52 ng/ml per h after 16 h. The 6-h lag period before increased tPA release was reproducible and independent of thrombin concentration. Thrombin inactivated with diisopropylfluorophosphate or hirudin did not induce an increase in tissue plasminogen activator levels. A 50-fold excess of diisopropylfluorophosphate-treated thrombin, which inhibits binding of active thrombin to endothelial cell high affinity binding sites, did not inhibit the thrombin-induced increase. It is concluded that proteolitically active thrombin causes an increase in the rate of release of tissue plasminogen activator from cultured human endothelial cells. The 6-h interval between thrombin treatment and enhanced tissue plasminogen activator release may reflect a delaying mechanism that transiently protects hemostatic plugs from the sudden increase in the local concentration of this fibrinolytic enzyme. PMID- 6542571 TI - Antiestrogenic action of dihydrotestosterone in mouse breast. Competition with estradiol for binding to the estrogen receptor. AB - Feminization in men occurs when the effective ratio of androgen to estrogen is lowered. Since sufficient estrogen is produced in normal men to induce breast enlargement in the absence of adequate amounts of circulating androgens, it has been generally assumed that androgens exert an antiestrogenic action to prevent feminization in normal men. We examined the mechanisms of this effect of androgens in the mouse breast. Administration of estradiol via silastic implants to castrated virgin CBA/J female mice results in a doubling in dry weight and DNA content of the breast. The effect of estradiol can be inhibited by implantation of 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (dihydrotestosterone), whereas dihydrotestosterone alone had no effect on breast growth. Estradiol administration also enhances the level of progesterone receptor in mouse breast. Within 4 d of castration, the progesterone receptor virtually disappears and estradiol treatment causes a twofold increase above the level in intact animals. Dihydrotestosterone does not compete for binding to the progesterone receptor, but it does inhibit estrogen-mediated increases of progesterone receptor content of breast tissue cytosol from both control mice and mice with X-linked testicular feminization (tfm)/Y. Since tfm/Y mice lack a functional androgen receptor, we conclude that this antiestrogenic action of androgen is not mediated by the androgen receptor. Dihydrotestosterone competes with estradiol for binding to the cytosolic estrogen receptor of mouse breast, whereas 17 beta-hydroxy-5 beta androstan-3-one (5 beta-dihydrotestosterone) neither competes for binding nor inhibits estradiol-mediated induction of the progesterone receptor. Dihydrotestosterone also promotes the translocation of estrogen receptor from cytoplasm to nucleus; the ratio of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear receptor changes from 3:1 in the castrate to 1:2 in dihydrotestosterone-treated mice. Thus, the antiestrogenic effect of androgen in mouse breast may be the result of effects of dihydrotestosterone on the estrogen receptor. If so, dihydrotestosterone performs one of its major actions independent of the androgen receptor. PMID- 6542572 TI - The use of clonidine in premenstrual tension syndrome. PMID- 6542573 TI - The face fly (Diptera: Muscidae): effect on holstein milk secretion. PMID- 6542574 TI - Observational conditioning of snake fear in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6542575 TI - Diurnal variation of blood pressure in elderly patients with essential hypertension. AB - Twenty-one elderly patients with essential hypertension, all over 65 years of age, were subjected to automated noninvasive 24-hour blood pressure measurement. Readings were obtained every 7.5 minutes throughout the day. The data were analyzed with respect to: correlation between office and ambulatory pressure measurements; possible differences in the circadian blood pressure pattern; and the existence of hypertensive or atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications. In all patients, the office systolic pressures were significantly higher than the ambulatory daytime pressures; diastolic pressures were similar. At night, two patterns of blood pressure emerged. In one there was a further fall in both systolic and diastolic pressures to normotensive levels, whereas the other pattern revealed no change in diastolic pressure, although systolic pressure increased significantly to similar levels as measured in the office. The prevalence of hypertensive or atherosclerotic cardiovascular complications in the patients with the first pattern was significantly less than in the group of patients with the second pattern (chi square, P less than 0.025). The data reported herein indicate that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring may help in the overall clinical evaluation of elderly patients with hypertension. PMID- 6542577 TI - Evaluation of the use of the argon laser in repairing rat and primate nerves. AB - The argon laser coagulates blood selectively, making it an adherent material. Argon laser energy is almost completely absorbed by red blood cells and does not seem to affect white nerve tissue. To demonstrate the technical feasibility of laser repair for severed nerves, we cut the sciatic nerves of rats and the median nerves of nonhuman primates and then repaired them by use of an argon laser beam delivered through a 400 microns optical fiber and handpiece that was developed in our laboratory. Autogenous blood was spread around the group of fascicles at the repair site and was then coagulated with the laser to form a minitubule around each fascicle group. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that the repairs appeared technically superior to control sutured nerves and that the laser apparently had no untoward effects on either the repair site or on the control nerve. The minitubules seemed to channel the axon sprouts into the distal tubules extremely well and to prevent ingrowth of scar tissue at the juncture site. PMID- 6542576 TI - Effect of D-thyroxine on serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, and pituitary-thyroid function in euthyroid subjects. AB - Concentrations of serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and free testosterone (T) were examined in 10 euthyroid subjects (5 men and 5 women) before, during and after 30 days of the daily ingestion of 1 or 4 mg D-thyroxine (D-T4), the thyroxine analog that has only 1-15% of the calorigenic effect of L-thyroxine (L T4). No changes in serum L-T4 or triiodothyronine (T3), serum cholesterol, SHBG, T, progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, or free T concentrations were observed in response to the 1 mg dose, but there was a slight elevation in the free thyroxine index (FTI) and a significant (p less than 0.02) suppression of the thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). The 4 mg dose of D-T4 induced an increase in SHBG levels in all but one man. There was a significant negative correlation between the SHBG and percent free T (p less than 0.05) although the mass of free T did not change. As a group, the women responded with a greater increase in SHBG and decrease in percent free T than the men. Serum cholesterol decreased (p less than 0.01), all serum thyroid hormone values measured by RIA were increased (p less than 0.01), and the TSH response to TRH was completely suppressed. Despite these changes, the subjects remained clinically euthyroid. Concentrations of testosterone, progesterone and estradiol 17 beta remained unchanged. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), which was evaluated in the men only, also did not change during the daily administration of 4 mg D T4. PMID- 6542578 TI - Reciprocal translocations in pigs. Their detection and consequences on animal performance and economic losses. AB - In France, the national computerized program for sow herd management regularly delivers a listing of hypoprolific boars for which a cytogenetic evaluation is required, and participates in the differential diagnosis of the other causes of reduced prolificacy. Two reciprocal translocations, 4/14 and 7/15, reducing the prolificacy by about 45 percent have been discovered since 1979. A third one, leading to a prolificacy reduction of about 28 percent, is described in the present paper. The effects of translocation 4/14 were studied in an experimental herd, in which the ovulation rate did not seem to be modified and the early embryonic mortality accounted for the decrease in litter size. The growth rate at day 35 was higher in piglets carrying the chromosomal abnormality than in their normal littermates, i.e., 215 vs. 182 g per day (P less than 0.10). The economic consequences of using a boar carrying a translocation on a group of 21 sows were estimated by means of a simulation model "Porsim." When prolificacy decreased by five piglets per litter, the losses represented 157 piglets, i.e., about $4000. If, in addition to this, the percentage of non-returns into heat decreased by 35 percent, the losses then represented 248 piglets, i.e., $6000. Because of this important economic risk, it is suggested that measures be taken to detect defective animals and to prevent their use. PMID- 6542579 TI - The effect of various atmospheric conditions on the development of two strains of Xenopsylla cheopis in Egypt. PMID- 6542580 TI - [Establishment of methotrexate-resistant human gestational choriocarcinoma cells in culture and analysis of mechanism of resistance]. AB - Methotrexate (MTX)-resistant sublines were developed by culturing GCH-1 (human gestational choriocarcinoma cell line in vitro) in increasing concentrations of MTX. The parent GCH-1 cells cannot grow at more than 1 X 10(-7)M MTX. The cells which grew at 1 X 10(-7)M MTX and 5 X 10(-7)M MTX are designated GCH-1 : R1 and GCH-1 : RII, respectively. Mechanism of the resistance to MTX has been examined in these lines. The results are as follows: The IC50 of MTX to cells of GCH-1, GCH-1 : RI and GCH-1 : RII was 4.5 X 10(-8)M, 7.5 X 10(-7)M and 9.5 X 10(-7)M, respectively. There was no significant difference between the parent cells and the subline cells in light microscopic findings or secretion of HCG and beta-HCG. A DNA histogram of GCH-1 cells had the main peak at 3n-4n and the second peak at 5n-6n. The second peak diminished after treatment with 5 X 10(-8)M or 1 X 10(-7)M MTX. On the other hand, the DNA histogram of the subline cells had main peak at 3n-4n and second peak at 5n-6n, but the latter was not clear compared with that of the parent cells. The pattern of the DNA histogram of the subline cells didn't change even when they were cultured in MTX free media. Uptake of MTX by the sublines was reduced more than that by the parent line, indicating that affinity of MTX to its carrier component was weakend.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542581 TI - [Chemotherapy of a human pseudomyxoma peritonei transplanted in the nude mouse]. PMID- 6542582 TI - Hyperprolactinemia in secondary amenorrhea: incidence and clinical features. PMID- 6542583 TI - Subcellular localization and properties of partially purified dimethylamine and trimethylamine mono-oxygenase activities in Candida utilis. AB - By techniques involving differential centrifugation and specific precipitation with CaCl2, it was shown that dimethylamine and trimethylamine mono-oxygenase activities co-sediment with NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity in sphaeroplast lysates of Candida utilis grown on trimethylamine as sole nitrogen source. Since the active fraction also contained low levels of cytochromes P-450 and P-420, it was concluded that the two amine mono-oxygenases are located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and thus end up in the microsomal fraction on cell fractionation. Ten to twenty-fold enrichment of mono-oxygenase specific activity could be achieved by separation of activity from soluble protein by centrifugation or gel filtration. Cell-free extracts prepared in the absence of FAD showed only very low mono-oxygenase activity for either substrate. Some activity could be restored by addition of flavin nucleotides: there was a fivefold stimulation by FAD and a fourfold stimulation by FMN. All trimethylamine mono-oxygenase activity was lost when a partially purified preparation containing both activities was incubated for more than 24 h at 0 degrees C, suggesting that separate enzymes are responsible for the oxidation of secondary and tertiary amines. The enzyme preparation oxidized a wide range of secondary alkylamines up to dibutylamine and tertiary alkylamines up to tributylamine. Primary amines, choline, di- and triethanolamine, spermine, spermidine and substituted anilines were not oxidized. NADH had a lower apparent Km value and higher Vmax value than NADPH. Secondary and tertiary alkylamines containing more than one kind of alkyl group gave more than one kind of aldehyde on oxidation. Stoicheiometry determinations showed a consumption of 1 mol NAD(P)H and 1 mol O2 per mol aldehyde formed. Carbon monoxide, cyanide, proadifen hydrochloride (SKF 525-A), mercurials and mercaptoethanol all inhibited both activities. PMID- 6542584 TI - Combination intraperitoneal chemotherapy with cisplatin, cytarabine, and doxorubicin for refractory ovarian carcinoma and other malignancies principally confined to the peritoneal cavity. AB - Thirty-one patients with refractory ovarian cancer and other malignancies principally confined to the abdominal cavity were treated with an intraperitoneal combination-chemotherapy regimen consisting of cisplatin (100 to 200 mg/m2), cytosine arabinoside (10(-4) to 10(-3) mol/L) and doxorubicin (2 to 18 mumol/L). Sodium thiosulfate was simultaneously administered intravenously to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Eight of 26 evaluable patients demonstrated clinical response including seven of 17 (41%) with ovarian cancer refractory to frontline chemotherapy. Systemic toxicity was mild except for nausea and vomiting. Abdominal pain secondary to doxorubicin was the major complication of therapy. We conclude that combination intraperitoneal therapy with cisplatin, cytosine arabinoside, and doxorubicin can be safely administered with objective tumor responses observed in patients with ovarian cancer heavily pretreated and in individuals with other malignancies involving the peritoneal cavity. Doxorubicin-induced local pain limits the ability to administer multiple courses of this treatment regimen. PMID- 6542585 TI - In vitro cultivation of Dipetalonema viteae third-stage larvae: evaluation of culture media, serum, and other supplements. AB - Third-stage larvae of Dipetalonema viteae obtained from the tick vector developed to the fourth stage in several cell-free culture systems. Survival and development of larvae in a number of commercially available cell culture media, supplemented with serum and other defined and undefined components, were compared. All cultures were gassed with 5% carbon dioxide in nitrogen. Best survival, growth and development were obtained in stationary cultures containing 1:1 (v/v) mixtures of NCTC 135, either RPMI 1640 or Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium, and a supplement of 20% non-heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. The importance of the medium composition and physical environment of the culture system, for the survival, growth and development of D. viteae was demonstrated. PMID- 6542586 TI - Elevated methemoglobin in the pathology of avian Coccidia (Protozoa, Apicomplexa) and Histomonas (Protozoa, Sarcomastigophora). PMID- 6542587 TI - [Active principles and pigments of the fly agaric Amanita (Amanita muscaria (Fries) Hooker)]. PMID- 6542588 TI - Ovarian follicular growth during the oestrous cycle in two breeds of ewes of different ovulation rate, the D'Man and the Timahdite. AB - The population of growing follicles of diameter greater than 60 micron was studied in 24 D'Man and 24 Timahdite ewes aged 2-2.5 years. The ovaries of each ewe were removed on Days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 or 17 of the oestrous cycle. Two ewes from each breed were ovariectomized. The mean ovulation rate was 2.9 in D'Man and 1.1 in Timahdite ewes and the mean numbers of normal follicles were 276 and 230 respectively. The distribution of the various sizes of follicles did not differ significantly between the two breeds. However, the number of follicles of diameter 118 to 462 micron (follicles beginning to develop an antrum) and the number of follicles of diameter greater than 1285 micron (large follicles possessing an antrum) were significantly greater in the D'Man than in the Timahdite ewes (136 and 106, and 7.1 and 4.5, respectively). The mean number of atretic follicles was similar for the two breeds (13.3 in the D'Man; 12.2 in the Timahdite), but in the D'Man there was a lower rate of atresia (54.9 compared with 66.7%) for follicles of 1084-2141 micron diameter. During the first days of the cycle there was a significant decrease in both breeds in the number of follicles of 60-118 micron diameter. During this same period there was a significant decline in the number of follicles of diameter 119 to 462 micron but in the D'Man ewes only. Therefore, the higher ovulation rate of the D'Man breed is due to the greater number of those follicles from which ovulatory follicles are recruited. PMID- 6542589 TI - Identification of an oestrus-associated glycoprotein in oviducal fluid of the sheep. AB - Samples of oviducal fluid were collected daily from sheep with indwelling catheters. Fluid samples taken from both oviducts of 2 sheep for 2 cycles during the middle of the breeding season (April/May) (8 sets of data) were compared with 9 sets of data generated from 2 cycles in 3 sheep later in the breeding season (June/July). Around the period of oestrus, the output of oviducal fluid increased to a peak volume of 1.56 +/- 0.35 ml per day (mean +/- s.d.) compared with a mid cycle volume of 0.49 +/- 0.29 ml. Later in the breeding season, the flow rates were lower, but showed the same trend (0.91 +/- 0.24 ml at the peak and 0.25 +/- 0.18 ml 7 days later). The total amount of protein secreted by the oviduct each day increased 2-4-fold around the time of oestrus, with higher levels in mid season ewes. When oviducal fluids were fractionated by SDS electrophoresis, a novel glycoprotein, subunit size of Mr 80-90 000 was identified in samples for 3 6 days of each cycle, coinciding with the period of high fluid flow rate. This protein first appeared in the oviducal fluid on the day of oestrus or the following day and it represented 1 of the 2 major glycoproteins in oviducal fluid as assessed by periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining. A PAS-positive protein (Mr 80 90 000) was also detected in fluid taken after oestrus on native highly cross linked gradient gels after electrophoresis at pH 3.1 but not at pH 8.3. Both gradient gel systems showed an increase in high molecular weight material (Mr greater than 10(6] in fluid taken soon after oestrus. PMID- 6542590 TI - Effect of feeding melatonin to red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the onset of the breeding season. AB - Four non-lactating red deer hinds kept in natural light were each given orally 5 mg melatonin daily in the afternoon from 1 June to 5 October. The time difference between melatonin administration and sunset was 5.5-6 until the end of August, thereafter gradually decreasing to 3.5 h. Onset of oestrous cyclicity occurred in late August and early September, 2-8 weeks in advance of control hinds. A stag given 10 mg melatonin daily shed the antler velvet on 18 July, 4 weeks earlier than untreated stags, and started rutting behaviour in July-August, 2 months before the usual time. PMID- 6542591 TI - The premenstrual syndrome. A survey of current treatment practices. AB - Interest in the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) has increased rapidly in both the lay and professional communities during the past few years. Research on the causes, diagnosis and treatment of the disorder continues to expand. An area that has received little attention, however, is the current treatment practices of physicians who recognize PMS as a treatable disorder. Our study was a survey of 502 physicians from the United States and Canada regarding diagnostic and treatment services provided to their PMS patients. Descriptive results of the survey, as well as breakdowns by medical specialty and region, were obtained. The results have implications for current practice and future research. PMID- 6542592 TI - Diffuse fasciitis with hypergammaglobulinemia and eosinophilia: a new syndrome? AB - Two male patients (53 and 19 years old) have been seen with a diffuse scleroderma like illness with firm taut skin bound down to underlying structures (sparing the face in both patients and the hands and feet in one). Flexion contractures of elbows and knees and limitation of abduction at the shoulders developed in a few weeks after onset. Raynaud's phenomenon was absent and thorough evaluation failed to reveal any evidence of myositis or the visceral manifestations of systemic sclerosis. There was no loss of skin appendages. Both had circulating eosinophils (12% and 37%) without drug ingestion or parasitic infestation. Both had elevated sedimentation rates and hypergammaglobulinemia (in one, IgG = 4.1 g.%). Serologic tests for syphilis, rheumatoid factor, LE cells, antinuclear antibodies, complement and cryoglobulins were negative or normal in both patients. Bone marrow examination revealed plasmacytosis and eosinophilia. Biopsies revealed striking thickening of the fascia between the subcutis and muscle. Within the thickened connective tissue there was intense infiltration with plasma cells and lymphocytes, at times in follicles, both about and separate from vessels; eosinophils were absent. Skin biopsies revealed no changes of scleroderma; and muscle biopsies, no evidence of myositis. Prednisone therapy over 15 months in decreasing dosage, using laboratory parameters, induced in the first patient a full remission which has persisted for 5 years without therapy. In the second (more severely involved) patient prednisone therapy has reversed laboratory abnormalities; but clinical improvement to date has been minimal. The pathogenesis of this diffuse fasciitis is obscure, although unusual physical exertion antedated the onset of illness in each case. PMID- 6542593 TI - Apical membrane area of rabbit urinary bladder increases by fusion of intracellular vesicles: an electrophysiological study. AB - Mammalian urinary bladder undergoes, in a 24-hour period, a series of slow fillings and rapid emptying. In part the bladder epithelium accommodates volume increase by stretching the cells so as to eliminate microscopic folds. In this paper we present evidence that once the cells have achieved a smooth apical surface, further cell stretching causes an insertion of cytoplasmic vesicles resulting in an even greater apical surface area per cell and an enhanced storage capacity for the bladder. Vesicle insertion was stimulated by application of a hydrostatic pressure gradient which caused the epithelium to bow into the serosal solution. Using capacitance as a direct and nondestructive measure of area we found that stretching caused a 22% increase in area. Removal of the stretch caused area to return to within 8% of control. An alternate method for vesicle insertion was swelling the cells by reducing mucosal and serosal osmolarity. This perturbation resulted in a 74% increase in area over a 70-min period. Returning to control solutions caused area to decrease as a single exponential with an 11 min time constant. A microtubule blocking agent (colchicine) did not inhibit the capacitance increase induced by hypoosmotic solutions, but did cause an increase in capacitance in the absence of a decreased osmolarity. Microfilament disrupting agent (cytochalasin B, C.B.) inhibited any significant change in capacitance after osmotic challenge. Treatment of bladders during swelling with C.B. and subsequent return to control solutions increased the time constant of the recovery to control values (22 min). The Na+-transporting ability of the vesicles was determined and found to be greater than that of the apical membrane. Aldosterone increased the transport ability of the vesicles. We conclude that some constituent of urine causes a loss of apical membrane permeability. Using electrophysiological methods we estimated that the area of cytoplasmic vesicles is some 3.3 times that of the apical membrane area. We discuss these results in a general model for vesicle translocation in mammalian urinary bladder. PMID- 6542594 TI - The thin filament of vertebrate skeletal muscle co-operatively activates as a unit. AB - We find that extraction of as little as one troponin C molecule per troponin tropomyosin strand on a thin filament reduces the slope of the pCa/tension relation. We interpret this to mean that the regulatory units along a thin filament of rabbit psoas fibers are linked co-operatively so that a thin filament activates as a unit. The presence of extended co-operativity explains why the pCa/tension relation in skinned fibers has a slope much higher than predicted by binding of Ca2+ to one regulatory unit. Replacement of the extracted troponin C with purified troponin C fully reverses the effect of extraction and shows it to be the essential Ca2+ binding protein responsible for the steep slope of the pCa/tension relation. PMID- 6542595 TI - Myosin heavy chain and actin fractional rates of synthesis in normal and overload rat heart ventricles. AB - The rates of synthesis (in per cent per day) of the total protein (ks) and myosin heavy chains (ke HC) and actin (ke A), isolated by preparative electrophoresis from myofibrils prepared in a relaxing medium, have been measured in rat heart ventricles after a continuous infusion of 50 microCi of (14C) Tyrosine (0.5 ml/h during 6 h). Normal values, in the sham-operated group, were for ks 19%, ke HC 23% and ke A 11%. Two to 4 days after an abdominal aortic stenosis there was an increase in the specific radioactivity of free plasma and intra-cellular tyrosine and of protein-bound tyrosine. The rate of synthesis also increased up to 37% for ks, 41% for ke HC and 21% for ke A but the ratio ke HC/ke A remained unchanged. We conclude that the normal heterogeneity of the rate of synthesis of the two main contractile proteins, at least when measured on myofibrils free from easily releasable myofilaments, was unmodified by cardiac overload, although both of these rates of synthesis were stimulated. PMID- 6542596 TI - Mutagenicity of tobacco snuff: possible health implications for coal miners. AB - Mutagenicity of tobacco snuff extracts was studied using the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay system. No mutagenic activity was found for tobacco snuff extracts without S9 activation. However, mutagenic substances were formed from tobacco snuff extracts in an acidic environment. The mutagenic substances induced predominantly frameshift mutations and were direct-acting mutagens. Mutagenic activity of tobacco snuff extracts was enhanced in the presence of coal dust extracts at low pH. Since tobacco snuff has been used by some coal miners to substitute for cigarettes, a possible risk for gastric cancer induction among coal miners is proposed. PMID- 6542597 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment. Endoscopic transurethral nephrolithotomy. PMID- 6542598 TI - A long-term follow-up study of acute myocarditis an electrocardiographic and echocardiographic study. AB - In an attempt to prove that myocarditis may be a cause of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, 10 cases with acute myocarditis were involved in a long-term follow-up study. There were 9 males and 1 female patient, ranging in age from 22 to 63 years. The etiology of myocarditis was idiopathic in 9 cases and rubella virus in 1 case. Clinical findings in the acute stage consisted of congestive heart failure in 6 cases, Adams-Stokes syndrome in 2 cases and cardiomegaly in 2 cases. The mean follow-up period was 55 months. Follow-up studies included physical examinations, 12-lead ECG, chest X-rays and two-dimensional echocardiograms. Various patterns of residual ECG abnormalities in the chronic stage were found, such as conduction disturbance in 1 case, pseudoinfarction pattern in 4 cases, ST-T changes in 2 cases and premature ventricular contractions in 2 cases. The cardiothoracic ratio of all cases was 60 +/- 4% in the acute stage. Two cases (Case 1 and 2) died 16 and 36 months after the acute onset, respectively. Four cases had residual cardiomegaly even in the last study period. An echocardiographic follow-up study of 7 cases disclosed progressive left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction in 3 cases, regression of LV dilatation in 2 cases and stable LV function in 2 cases. Two cases out of 3 with progressive LV dilatation and dysfunction expired after the acute illness. It was therefore suggested that acute myocarditis may cause LV dilatation and/or wall hypertrophy and that idiopathic cardiomyopathy may represent the end-stages of previous myocarditis. PMID- 6542599 TI - [Effects of hypotensive anesthesia by prostaglandin E1 on cerebral blood flow and metabolism]. PMID- 6542600 TI - [The effect of prostaglandin E1 on CSFP and its interaction with vasopressor in humans]. PMID- 6542601 TI - [Protective effect of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, OKY-046, in patients with acute respiratory failure]. PMID- 6542602 TI - Seventeen year follow-up of a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which progressed to dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - The progression of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been rarely reported. We report a patient with HCM who had been followed for 17 years and in whom DCM became evident. PMID- 6542603 TI - [A case of chronic refractory thrombocytopenia with a remarkable response to colchicine administration]. PMID- 6542604 TI - [Acute myelofibrosis and acute megakaryoblastic/megakaryocytic leukemia. A study on clinicopathologic correlations in a patient and reports of the literature]. PMID- 6542605 TI - Antiulcer effects of trimipramine using various laboratory models. AB - Trimipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, significantly inhibited the development of experimental gastric ulcers induced by various methods like stress, drug (aspirin, reserpine) and Shay's pyloric ligation in an inbred strain of albino rats. Although similar protection was observed with cimetidine, it was found to be ineffective against reserpine-induced ulcers. The antisecretory and ulcer protective effects were not only comparable with that of cimetidine, but even superior in the case of reserpine-induced ulcers. The ability of trimipramine to reduce the ulcer index in various experimental models suggests a centrally mediated effect. Trimipramine appears to be a potentially useful additional therapeutic agent not only because of its anti-ulcer property, but also due to its antidepressive property. PMID- 6542607 TI - [Erythroblastosis in a live newborn infant with triploidy--a sequela of fetomaternal macrotransfusion?]. AB - Hematologic changes in an infant, live-born and surviving 46 hours are reported. The main characteristics were a decrease of red blood cells and an increase of mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Some morphological abnormalities were found. The smears showed prematurity of the red cells, many of them with degenerative nucleal changes. The described alterations looks like a chronic erythroblastosis. The explanation might be an antepartum feto-maternal transfusion because a great amount of fetal erythrocytes could be found in the maternal blood. PMID- 6542606 TI - Effect of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis on aztreonam pharmacokinetics. AB - Aztreonam, a new monobactam, will be widely used because of its broad aerobic gram-negative bacterial coverage and its apparent low risk of allergic phenomena in penicillin/cephalosporin-sensitive patients. We examined aztreonam kinetics in patients during hemodialysis and in the interdialytic period and in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), and related aztreonam to urea clearance (CL). In hemodialysis patients, aztreonam serum half-life was 7.9 hr between and 2.7 hr during dialysis sessions. CLserum, CLrenal, and CLother were 24.4, 0.5, and 23.9 ml/min, respectively, during the interdialytic period. Four hours of dialysis removed 38.2% (range, 27 to 58%) of antibiotic. CL of aztreonam by hemodialysis was 36.6 to 43.2 ml/min, 50 to 77% greater than interdialytic CL. CL of urea by hemodialysis was 112.4 to 115.6 ml/min; CLaztreonam/CLurea ratio was 0.28 to 0.33 during the hemodialysis sessions. During CAPD, aztreonam serum half-life after intravenous dosing was 7.1 hr; dialysate recovery, 9.7% of the dose; CLserum, CLrenal, CLperitoneal dialysis, and CLother were 23.8, 0.5, 2.1, and 21.3 ml/min, respectively. CLurea by CAPD was 6.5 ml/min. Thus, CLaztreonam during CAPD was 32% of CLurea. Aztreonam was detectable in dialysate at 48 hr (eight exchanges) after peritoneal administration in the first exchange. Hemodialysis and CAPD patients given aztreonam treatment should receive the standard dose of aztreonam as a loading dose, followed by one-fourth the loading dose at standard dose intervals. Hemodialysis patients should receive a supplemental dose equal to half their usual maintenance dose immediately after each dialysis session. For CAPD patients with peritonitis due to susceptible organisms, a 1-g i.v. loading dose followed by a 0.5-g i.p. dose every 6 hr is suggested. In any individual patient undergoing hemodialysis or CAPD, the relationship between CLurea and CLaztreonam should allow appropriate antibiotic dose adjustment. PMID- 6542608 TI - [Reactions of the lymphoid organs of the rat to acute stress in hypokinesia]. AB - Female rats long exposed to hypokinesia were then subjected to an acute stress. In this situation the thymus and spleen were examined. The destructive process in the thymus increased in spite of its hypoplasia. This can be attributed to a greater production of corticosteroids by the adrenals caused by the chronic stress. At the same time the white pulp of the spleen decreased insignificantly because it contained no lymphocytes capable to migrate by the time of the acute stress-effect. It is concluded that enhanced destruction of lymphocytes in the thymus in response to an acute stress can be regarded as a diagnostic test of the adrenal state during a chronic stress-effect, including hypokinesia. PMID- 6542609 TI - [Diurnal dynamics of urinary excretion of potassium during one- and two-shift work]. AB - Four groups of constructive and industry workers--men aged 19-20--were examined. Group 1 and 3 subjects (10 subjects in each group) worked for 1 or 2 years, respectively, in the day shift only. Group 2 (5 subjects) and 4 (10 subjects) subjects worked for 1 or 2 years, respectively, in the day and night shifts, with the shift alternating every week. The day shift was from 8.00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. and the night shift was from 5.00 p.m. to 1.00 a.m. The test subjects were examined in a hospital on the day following the working week. Group 1, 3 and 4 subjects were examined once (Group 4 after the night shift), and Group 2 subjects twice (after the day and night shifts). Urine was collected every odd hour with a two-hour interval from 7.00 a.m. to 7.00 a.m. of the next day. The day shift in both groups was accompanied by an early increase in potassium excretion. The shift transition was attended by a change of the daily maximum toward later hours. As compared to the one-shift work, the two-shift work increased the amplitude of the diurnal potassium excretion. This can be considered as a stressful effect of the two-shift work. This effect was very distinct after a week of the day-shift work. Therefore, when assessing the physiological effects of the two-shift work, with respect to daily variations in renal potassium excretion, it is necessary to carry out pertinent examinations after the day shift work. PMID- 6542611 TI - [Morphological manifestations of acute stress reactions in the adrenal cortex of hypokinetic rats]. AB - Adrenal changes in response to an acute stress-effect (5 h-immobilization stress) were investigated in female rats exposed to hypokinesia for 3 months. The rate of delipoidization in the adrenal cortex increased in the rats exposed to an acute stress after short-term (1-2 weeks) hypokinesia. The process of delipoidization did not advance in the rats exposed to an acute stress in the course of prolonged (2-3 months) hypokinesia. This does not yet prove the lack of the stress reaction but gives evidence that during prolonged hypokinesia the adrenals develop the capacity to react to an additional effect without the entire complex of morphological signs typical of an acute stress reaction. The immobilization test used to assess the state of the adrenal cortex has shown that it does not deteriorate even during 3-month hypokinesia (in this study). PMID- 6542610 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of body temperature during space flight]. AB - The axillary temperature of the Mongolian Salyut-6 crewmember was measured in the daytime before, during and after flight. The temperature was recorded immediately after awakening to going to sleep every 2 hours: a month prelaunch in the Cosmonauts' Training Center during 5 days, a week prelaunch at the Baikonur launch site during 3 days, inflight from the middle of mission day 2 to the middle of mission day 7 every day, and postflight at Baikonur during 4 days. It was found that inflight the axillary temperature decreased significantly by 0.44 degrees C as compared to the data obtained in the Cosmonauts' Training Center and by 0.22 degrees C as compared to the data obtained at the launch site. There were also some changes in the pattern of acrophases on the time scale. It is recommended to continue thermal regulation measurements in space flight. PMID- 6542612 TI - The effect of repeated reproduction on the incidence of pituitary tumours in Wistar rats. AB - Weanling female litter mates were equally proportioned at the start of the study between a breeding and a non-breeding group. At 10 weeks of age, each rat of the breeding group was housed individually with a male until 5 litters were produced (or exceptionally for a maximum of 42 weeks) before the male was removed. Females of the non-breeding group were kept singly in similar cages. 2 years after the start of the study all the surviving rats of both groups were killed. Comprehensive necropsies were performed on the decedents and survivors and the pituitary gland of each rat was examined histologically. The 48% survival of the female rats which were allowed to breed was better, but not significantly so, than the 38% of those not allowed to breed. Overall fewer, 70% (35 of 50) of the mated female rats had pituitary tumours compared with 80% (40 of 50) of the non mated group. Fewer of the decedents, 69% (18 of 26), of the mated females had pituitary tumours compared with 94% (29 of 31) in the decedents of the non-mated group. More survivors, 71% (17 of 24), of the mated females had pituitary tumours compared with 58% (11 of 19) of the surviving non-mated rats. A tumour was first observed at day 328 in the non-mated group, whilst in the mated group the first tumour was identified at day 450. It is suggested that breeding delays the appearance of pituitary tumours in the female rat. PMID- 6542613 TI - A transplantable rat Leydig cell tumor--2. Adenylyl cyclase activation by prostaglandin E1, isoproterenol and glucagon. AB - The responsiveness of the membrane bound adenylyl cyclase (AC) system to various hormones and hormone analogues in a transplantable rat Leydig cell tumor (H-540) has been investigated and compared with that of interstitial tissue from normal adult rats. The results can be summarized as follows: The AC of the Leydig cell tumors was stimulated by isoproterenol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, glucagon, PGE1, PGF2 alpha and LH/hCG. The AC of the Leydig cell tumors exhibited a much greater response to PGE1 than the AC in normal interstitial tissue (5-fold and 2-fold stimulation, respectively). The AC of the Leydig cell tumours also revealed a somewhat higher response to isoproterenol than the AC of interstitial tissue (2.5-fold and 2-fold, respectively). Adenylyl cyclase in both tissues were equally stimulated by glucagon (2-fold). The LH response in the Leydig cell tumors was only half of that found in normal Leydig cells. This study indicates, that in spite of the fact that tumor Leydig cells respond to LH and produce testosterone, the response pattern of the AC is different from that of normal Leydig cells. PMID- 6542615 TI - [Questionable obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6542614 TI - Arresting development arrests aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - Larval development of the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, can be arrested by either of two different treatment: (1) complete starvation, or (2) growth in a partially defined culture medium (axenic medium) of strains adapted to bacterial growth. The developmental arrest is complete under total starvation and the starved populations live about 10 days. The developmental block is incomplete in axenic medium; most animals mature but maturation takes 10 times longer than normal. If developmentally arrested cultures are returned to growth on E. coli, both the completely starved and the axenically arrested cultures mature at normal rates. Life-span is prolonged by 1 day for each day of complete starvation; life span is prolonged by 0.7 days for each day of axenic arrest. These results suggest that aging and development are closely coupled in this system. The results are discussed in terms of previous observations on nutritional deprivation in other invertebrates and caloric restriction in mammals and are interpreted in light of theoretical models of senescence. PMID- 6542616 TI - [Danazol in idiopathic thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6542617 TI - [Early stomach carcinoma--current development in Japan]. AB - At first an analysis is presented of 656 patients with early carcinoma of the stomach, which had been diagnosed during the last 10 years. Most frequently found were depressed or excavated lesions (type IIc, III). 53% of all lesions were located in the mucosa only, in 8.3% lymph nodes were infiltrated, - mostly in such cases, where the primary tumor was located in the antrum, where submucosal layers where involved, or where poor differentiated adenocarcinoma or signet-ring cell carcinoma were present. Diagnostic criteria of minute early gastric carcinoma are discussed. In a second part diagnostic importance of endoscopic sonography is described, especially its importance in regard to estimating depth of infiltration of the tumor. New possibilities of using laser to destroy very small tumors and to treat in a palliative manner malignant stenosis are discussed as well. PMID- 6542618 TI - The role of Ca2+ in the regulation of embryogenesis in early amphibian and echinoderm embryos. AB - It is difficult to measure intracellular calcium concentrations in dividing embryos and, furthermore, these interact with pHi and with cyclic nucleotides. Nevertheless, the evidence currently suggests that changing [Ca2+]i levels probably do not have a major role in controlling normal cell-to-cell communication and so do not integrate cell division during programmed cleavage in amphibian embryos. However, treatments that are known or expected to raise artificially cytoplasmic calcium to relatively high levels cause abnormal embryogenesis, probably via the uncoupling of intercellular communication of the blastomeres, and also cortical contractions in early echinoderm and amphibian embryos. PMID- 6542619 TI - Relationship of membrane physical properties to alcohol dependence in mice selected for genetic differences in alcohol withdrawal. AB - Genetic selection based on severity of withdrawal seizures following inhalation of ethanol vapor has produced two lines of mice, WSR (withdrawal seizure resistant) and WSP (withdrawal seizure prone), that differ markedly in withdrawal signs. In the present study, we report that these mice also differed in the severity of withdrawal seizures following consumption of an ethanol-containing liquid diet but did not differ in ethanol intake. In contrast to ethanol withdrawal seizures, the lines displayed similar sensitivity to electrical- or pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. These results suggest that the lines differ in the development of physical dependence on ethanol rather than seizure sensitivity per se. Because decreased synaptic membrane fluidity has been associated with ethanol dependence, we used fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene and trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene to evaluate membrane fluidity in WSP and WSR mice fed lab chow, an ethanol-containing liquid diet, or an isocaloric sucrose-containing liquid diet. Fluidity of brain synaptic membranes was identical for WSP and WSR mice fed lab chow. The control liquid diet did not alter membrane fluidity, and the ethanol diet decreased fluidity equally for WSP and WSR mice. Thus, the genetic difference in development of ethanol dependence found in these lines was not reflected in the physical properties of brain membranes. PMID- 6542620 TI - Sensitivity of maximal aerobic power to training is genotype-dependent. AB - Ten pairs of monozygotic twins of both sexes were submitted to a 20-wk endurance training program, four and five times per week, 40 min per session, at an average of 80% of the maximal heart rate reserve. Testing and training were performed on cycle ergometers. Maximal aerobic power (MAP in ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1) and ventilatory aerobic (VAT) and anaerobic (VANT) thresholds (ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1) were measured before and after the training program, as well as during the 7th and 14th week to adjust training to changes in maximal heart rate. Considering the 20 individuals as a group, training significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) increased MAP (from 44 +/- 6 to 50 +/- 6), VAT (25 +/- 3 to 30 +/- 4), and VANT (36 +/- 5 to 42 +/- 6). Thus, MAP improved by 12% of the pre-test value, while mean changes in VAT and VANT reached 20% and 17%, respectively. There were, however, considerable interindividual differences in training gains as exemplified by a range of about 0% to 41% for MAP. Differences in the MAP response to training were not distributed randomly among the twin pairs. Thus, intraclass correlations computed with the amount of improvement in MAP (ml O2 X min-1 X kg-1) reached 0.74 (P less than 0.01) indicating that members of the same twin-pair yielded approximately the same response to training. The same coefficient reached 0.43 and 0.24 for VAT and VANT, respectively (P greater than 0.05). These results suggest that there are considerable individual differences in the adaptive capacity to short-term endurance training. Moreover, sensitivity of maximal aerobic power to such training is largely genotype-dependent. PMID- 6542621 TI - Spontaneous skin flushing episodes in the aging female rat. AB - It is well known that with the loss of gonadal function most women experience hot flushes, characterized by a rapid regional increase in cutaneous blood flow. Animal models for this vasomotor syndrome have been elusive, thus hampering efforts to evaluate the endocrine and neuronal substrates of the hot flush. In this report, evidence is reported for the occurrence in aging female rats of spontaneous tail skin temperature (TST) fluctuations which are similar in amplitude, duration and frequency to hot flushes reported for peri-menopausal women. Paradoxically, these TST pulses occur in animals with senescent reproductive states in which serum estrogen levels are moderately elevated and ovariectomy eliminates these rat flushing episodes. This demonstration of steroid dependent, spontaneous flushing episodes indicates that the aging female rat can be used to evaluate the neuronal and hormonal basis of vasomotor instability. PMID- 6542623 TI - [The treatment of children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura using high doses of intravenously administered gammaglobulins]. PMID- 6542622 TI - [The course of alcoholic embryopathy]. AB - Pediatric examinations were performed in 71 children with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A subgroup of these patients underwent neurological and psychiatric assessment and psychological testing. Psychopathology was also studied in a matched control group. After a period of 3-4 years various subgroups of these children were re-examined. Follow-up examinations revealed that with increasing age dysmorphic signs became less apparent in children with FAS. Furthermore, neurologic performance improved and EEG-recordings revealed less pathological patterns. These positive findings were confirmed by the observation that these patients also experienced an improvement with regard to psychiatric status and cognitive functions. But it must be stated that the affected children did not become normal in all psychiatric areas. Hyperactivity and distractability seem to be the major handicaps for a normal school career of these children. PMID- 6542624 TI - Supplemental progesterone delays heat termination and the loss of progestin receptors from hypothalamic cell nuclei in female guinea pigs. AB - Previous studies indicate that the retention of hypothalamic nuclear progestin receptors parallels the expression of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized, hormonally treated guinea pigs. In this study, the effect of a supplemental progesterone injection on heat termination and retention of nuclear progestin receptors was examined. Ovariectomized guinea pigs were injected with 50 micrograms progesterone 48 h after receiving 4 micrograms estradiol benzoate and were tested hourly for lordosis. 8 h after progesterone treatment, animals received either 500 micrograms progesterone or the oil vehicle. The supplemental progesterone injection delayed the termination of heat by more than 2 h compared to oil-injected animals. The effect of supplemental progesterone on the retention of nuclear progestin receptors was then determined. Animals were killed 8, 10, or 14 h after the initial injection of progesterone, and cytosol and nuclear progestin receptor concentrations in mediobasal hypothalamus-preoptic area were determined. Supplemental progesterone further increased the level of nuclear progestin receptors measured at 10 h, and at 14 h these levels were still elevated above baseline. In contrast, nuclear progestin receptor levels in animals which received only the initial progesterone injection had returned to baseline by 14 h, a time when similarly treated animals were no longer receptive. These results suggest that the mechanism by which heat termination occurs may involve loss of nuclear progestin receptors. PMID- 6542625 TI - Correlation of muscarinic receptor induction in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus with the activation of feminine sexual behavior by estradiol. AB - The administration of the steroid hormone, 17 beta-estradiol (E2) to ovariectomized rats increases the levels of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by 20-40% in the hypothalamic area. Using microdissection techniques, this increase has been shown to occur in hypothalamic subregions that possess high levels of intracellular receptors for E2. Among these regions is the ventromedial nucleus (VMN), which may be the principal target site in the rat brain for the activation of feminine sexual behavior by E2. In this study, we have further characterized the increase in muscarinic binding within the VMN after E2 and show that it satisfies many of the criteria for an important regulatory mechanism by which E2 could activate sexual behavior: (1) Using quantitative receptor autoradiography, it was determined that the increase in [3H]-QNB binding in the VMN after E2 results from an increase in the number of receptors rather than a change in the affinity of the binding. (2) The increase in VMN muscarinic receptors as determined by the binding of [3H]-QNB to microdissected homogenates occurred by 18-24 h after exposure to E2, the earliest time at which sexual behavior is facilitated. (3) Increased muscarinic receptors did not occur in the VMN of male rats, which show little activation of feminine sexual behavior after E2 exposure. (4) Muscarinic receptors in the VMN of female rats are induced at 24 h by a 6 h exposure to E2, the minimum length of time that is sufficient for E2 to activate sexual behavior. A 4 h exposure to E2 is insufficient to activate both sexual behavior and induce muscarinic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542627 TI - Episodic excitation and changes in aggressive behavior induced by apomorphine in rats subjected to REM sleep deprivation. AB - Behavioral changes induced by apomorphine in normal, pseudodeprived (control) and REM sleep-deprived AM-2/TOR inbred rats were investigated. Deprived rats exhibited aggressive behavior for nearly 30 min in the absence of administration of drug, this effect not being observed in normal or control rats. The administration of apomorphine (1, 2 and 5 mg/kg) 5 min before the test elicited short periods of aggressive behavior in normal and control rats, but decreased the total duration of aggressive behavior in deprived rats. However, the deprived rats exhibited a more intense aggressive behavior, since the frequency of real fighting events was enhanced. The administration of apomorphine to deprived rats elicited stereotyped behavior. Enhancement of stereotyped behavior by increasing the dose was correlated with a reduction in the duration of aggressive behavior. Apomorphine also induced short episodes of intense excitability, manifested by increased locomotor activity, jumping and vocalization. This behavioral response was termed "episodic excitation". Deprived rats were significantly more sensitive to apomorphine-induced episodic excitation than normal and control rats. The episodic excitation, stereotyped and aggressive behavior displayed by deprived rats, injected with apomorphine, alternated with time. The results demonstrate increased responsiveness to apomorphine after deprivation of REM sleep. The possible mechanism for such interaction is discussed. PMID- 6542626 TI - Cyclic variation of oxytocin in the blood of pituitary portal vessels of rats. AB - The release of oxytocin (OT) into pituitary portal blood during the estrous cycle was studied in female rats under Althesin anesthesia. On each afternoon of the 4 day estrous cycle, animals were anesthetized with Althesin, and pituitary portal blood samples were collected. The concentration of OT in portal plasma collected between 14.00 and 16.00 h of proestrus (1,079 +/- 185 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that at any other time studied. There were no appreciable differences between the mean OT concentration on the days of estrus (198 +/- 29 pg/ml), metestrus (283 +/- 55 pg/ml), and diestrus (267 +/- 49 pg/ml). The concentration of OT in pituitary portal plasma was also greater than that in blood withdrawn from the external jugular vein (less than 41-67 pg/ml). Comparison of the portal plasma OT with peripheral plasma prolactin in Althesin-anesthetized rats indicated an association between the release of these hormones during the estrous cycle. PMID- 6542628 TI - Effects of psychoactive drugs on plasma catecholamines during stress in rats. AB - In unstressed rats, morphine, pentobarbital, diazepam and alprazolam were without effect on plasma norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels. Amphetamine increased the levels of both catecholamines. In stressed rats, morphine did not affect the stress-induced increases in NE and E. Amphetamine enhanced the catecholamine stress-response further. Diazepam reduced stress-induced increases of NE levels. Pentobarbital and alprazolam attenuated stress-induced increases of both NE and E levels; this effect was particularly marked with alprazolam. PMID- 6542629 TI - Lithium inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase. AB - The lithium sensitivity of forskolin- and fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was investigated in rat brain homogenates in vivo and in vitro. The unstimulated and fluoride-stimulated activity was not affected by lithium, while the forskolin stimulation exhibited a pronounced inhibition by this cation. Furthermore, if Mn2+ was substituted for Mg2+ in the assay media, the forskolin stimulated activity was even more sensitive to lithium. The results indicate an action of lithium mainly on the catalytic moiety in the adenylate cyclase system. However, the effect cannot be direct on this protein, since the unstimulated activity was unaffected. The action is rather on the microenvironment surrounding this protein, thereby interfering with a possible conformational change of the adenylate cyclase of importance for the activation of this enzyme. PMID- 6542630 TI - Serotonin levels and platelet uptake during premenstrual tension. AB - Premenstrual tension was studied in 16 females, using both biochemical and psychological parameters during the pre- and postmenstrual phases. Uptake of serotonin (5-HT) and the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-poor plasmas were determined. Degrees of distress experienced pre- and postmenstrually were quantified via the Moos menstrual distress questionnaire. The mean Vmax was significantly lower during the premenstrual (tension) phase (8.2 +/- 0.9 pmol/min) as compared to the postmenstrual (normal) phase (14.4 +/- 3.2 pmol/min). There was no significant difference in the Km values. A highly significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in the levels of 5-HT in platelet-rich plasma (-23.2%) and platelet-poor plasma (-19.1%) was found during the premenstrual phase. There were correlations between the kinetic parameters of 5 HT uptake and some of the Moos symptoms. PMID- 6542631 TI - The connections between the parabigeminal nucleus and the superior colliculus in the golden hamster. AB - The present study in hamsters shows that the horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) injected into the eye can be transported transneuronally in both anterograde and retrograde directions to the parabigeminal nuclei (PBN). Moreover, the patterns of labelling in the PBN are similar to those observed after introduction of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the superior colliculus. These results suggest that the WGA-HRP is a reliable pathway tracer for studying second-order connections at least in the visual system in mammals. PMID- 6542632 TI - Meal patterns and food selection during the development of obesity in rats fed a cafeteria diet. AB - Offering preferred foods in addition to laboratory chow led immediately to a marked increase in both mean meal size (MMS) and meal frequency (MF). As body weight increased over a 5 months period, MF declined to a low level but MMS remained high. Within a majority of meals there was substantial consumption of only one food item. Nonetheless, when "mixed" meals were eaten these were usually larger than "exclusive" meals. With more than one preferred food available there was a significant tendency to alternate consumption of food types from one meal to the next. This disappeared at inter-meal intervals longer than 90 minutes. With one preferred food available, only MMS (and not MF) was increased and the degree of hyperphagia and obesity were reduced. The findings suggest the following conclusions: Both palatability (preference value for a particular food) and variety (availability of different types of food) have incremental, but distinguishable, effects on food consumption and mean parameters. Palatability mainly influences meal size, whereas variety exerts an effect on meal size and inter-meal interval. However, the potential effect of variety on overall intake is probably somewhat reduced by the tendency to eat only one type of food in each meal. Obesity has an inhibitory influence on feeding, operating primarily through a reduction in mean frequency. PMID- 6542633 TI - The inhomogeneous distribution of the corticostriatal fibers originating from the frontal and parietal cortices: an autoradiographic study in the rat. PMID- 6542634 TI - Influence of N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone on cultured retinal cells in canine neuronal lipofuscinosis. An ultrastructural study. AB - An SH- group donor drug, N-acetylhomocysteine thiolactone (0.2 mg/ml), was added to retinal cultures from an adult dog affected with ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). This substance was applied every 3rd day to the culture medium. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks in culture the cells were fixed for electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally the NCL-specific lipopigments revealed extensive fading out or vacuolation, revealing randomly arranged lamellar or 'fingerprint' membranes as well as structures resembling degenerated mitochondria. Additionally extensive fragmentation of the pigment bodies was present. The significance of these results are discussed. PMID- 6542635 TI - Acute idiopathic corneal endotheliitis. AB - Seven patients presenting with acute corneal stromal edema without prior surgery, trauma, ocular disease or known exposure to noxious agents are reported. One patient had a severe iridocyclitis; two others subsequently developed herpetic keratouveitis. Four cases, however, were unassociated with other known ocular disease. All four of these patients exhibited keratic precipitates and displayed minimal or no flare and cells in the anterior chamber, although the latter was largely obscured by the corneal edema. In each of these four instances, the inflammation and corneal edema resolved following topical corticosteroid therapy. In two of the four cases, both children, antibody to Herpes simplex virus could not be identified. We suggest that, in patients without known prior corneal disease or trauma, acute diffuse corneal stroma edema may stem from severe iridocyclitis or a primary endotheliitis due either to herpetic infection, the recently described presumed autoimmune corneal endotheliopathy, or a condition which we herein designate acute idiopathic corneal endotheliitis. PMID- 6542636 TI - Iridocyclitis and an iris mass associated with secondary syphilis. AB - A 34-year-old white man developed iridocyclitis and an iris mass. The iridocyclitis was preceded by a nodular rash which spared the palms and soles. An anterior segment fluorescein angiogram was performed which showed numerous permeable vessels. An ultrasound examination of the mass showed that it extended to the ciliary body. He had both a positive RPRCT and FTA-Abs. A skin biopsy was done which disclosed the nodules to be a rare form of secondary syphilis. The patient was treated with topical steroids and a cycloplegic agent, and later prednisone and intravenous penicillin, with eventual resolution of iris mass, iridocyclitis and skin nodules. PMID- 6542637 TI - Diagnosis and management of eustachian tube malfunction. AB - The eustachian tube is an essential part of the pressure regulating system of the middle ear. The physiologic function of the tube is to equalize the middle ear pressure with that of the atmosphere, and at the same time make the middle ear independent of the nasopharyngeal environment with its loud sounds, extensive respiratory pressure changes, and potentially harmful bacterial flora. Thus, the protective closing action is essential in the normal physiology of the eustachian tube, and lack of protection is central in tubal malfunction. We have come to consider eustachian tube closing failure and the subsequent induction of negative middle ear pressure as an important causative factor in the development of chronic ear disease, for example, persistent middle ear effusion and manifest retraction of the tympanic membrane. Here, the patient's behavior may be of more importance than the simple tubal mechanics. In the presence of tubal closing failure, if the patient sniffs habitually, the middle ear cavity will be evacuated repeatedly. This constitutes a repetitive barotrauma which may have secondary effects. As a result of the negative pressure the tympanic membrane retracts, and increased transudation and secretion of fluid may give rise to effusion. Tubal closing failure also implies reduced protection against ascending infection with increased susceptibility to acute otitis media. Repeated sniff induced barotrauma and repeated purulent infection may together be responsible for the development of manifest structural lesions seen in chronic ear disease. Is it possible to determine the function of the eustachian tube? This question is crucial since it is difficult or impossible to give normative values for tubal function tests. The variability of tubal responses with time has been found to be considerable. Thus, the result of a test represents only one specific moment in time, having little prognostic value. Tubal function is a continuous and composite variable that cannot be "determined" according to a static scheme. Our knowledge of eustachian tube physiology is still fragmentary, and continued study is necessary in order to learn more. Presently, tubal function tests have little value from the clinical viewpoint. When a tympanoplastic procedure is considered, the need for surgery should be determined by the clinical judgment based on the otomicroscopic findings and the hearing. In the case of a central perforation of the eardrum the prognosis for hearing is good, irrespective of results obtained in tubal function tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6542638 TI - Contemporary antibiotic therapy in otolaryngology. AB - This article attempts to put into perspective the use of old and new antimicrobial agents important in otolaryngologic infections. Many of the older agents are still extremely useful, but advances in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents have provided compounds that should be of great use to the practicing otolaryngologist. PMID- 6542639 TI - [Effect of Tavegyl (Polfa) on microorganisms detected in otocenosis during in vivo studies]. PMID- 6542640 TI - CAT fund, basic carriers differ in coverage. PMID- 6542641 TI - A concept of mental health. PMID- 6542642 TI - Economic realities change practice expansion. PMID- 6542643 TI - Ethical dilemmas in medicine. PMID- 6542644 TI - Coping with residency distress. PMID- 6542645 TI - Subcutaneous venous access for chemotherapy. PMID- 6542646 TI - Toxic megacolon following spinal cord injury. PMID- 6542647 TI - Peace and quiet. PMID- 6542648 TI - PaMPAC report records 1984 growth, success. PMID- 6542649 TI - Management of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6542650 TI - Marketing--what does it mean to physicians? PMID- 6542651 TI - [The tiapride-ethanol interaction in animals]. AB - Tiapride ip-ethanol vo combined in animals showed on three psychopharmacological tests that: decreased motor activity induced by tiapride in mice was slightly pronounced; catalepsy induced by tiapride in rats was slightly increased; sleeping time induced by ethanol in mice was not potentiated. PMID- 6542652 TI - [Hormonal indices in newborn infants born of mothers during their 37-38 weeks of pregnancy]. PMID- 6542654 TI - Tracheomalacia--lethal factor in a 17-month-old child. AB - A case is reported of a child who died at age 17 months after having repeated respiratory incidents, probably related to mild infections. After a fatal respiratory episode, tracheomalacia was detected at necropsy. No other abnormalities were found. This condition, unless suspected clinically, could easily be overlooked at necropsy. PMID- 6542653 TI - Solitary intestinal fibromatosis with perinatal bowel obstruction. AB - Three newborn male infants presented with bowel obstruction in the first day of life and at surgery were found to have solitary tumors involving the small or large intestine. Histologic examination in each case showed a transmural infiltrative spindle cell lesion having the morphologic features of fibromatosis. Ultrastructural studies in one case revealed the tumor to be composed of myofibroblasts. The patients are all alive and well without recurrences 26 months to 10 years after surgery. Only 3 previous cases of solitary congenital fibromatosis of the intestinal tract have been reported. Some of the other congenital spindle cell tumors cited in the literature under various names have morphologic and biologic similarities to our cases and may in fact be examples of congenital fibromatosis. The appropriate treatment of this unusual lesion is local excision, and the prognosis is excellent. PMID- 6542655 TI - Adverse histopathologic effects of chemotherapeutic agents in childhood leukemia and lymphoma. AB - Pathologic material from 84 children with leukemia or lymphoma who died and were autopsied at the University of Wisconsin Hospital between 1967 and 1980 was reviewed to assess the adverse tissue changes due to the chemotherapy administered. In each case the histopathologic findings were correlated with the chemotherapy given. Individual drug dosage is administered (per m2) correlated with the adverse tissue findings at autopsy. Data presented suggest that the drug dose administered should be correlated not only with tumor response but also with tissue effects (some of which produce no noticeable, immediate, clinically apparent changes) to decrease the likelihood of producing irreversible tissue changes. PMID- 6542656 TI - Case 1. Systemic amyloidosis in an infant with panniculitis and pancreatitis. PMID- 6542657 TI - Case 3. Fibrous hamartoma of infancy. PMID- 6542658 TI - Case 4. The first fatal Baylisascaris infection in humans: an infant with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis. AB - Baylisascaris procyonis, the ascarid of raccoons, causes a characteristic, rapidly fatal eosinophilic meningoencephalitis with ocular involvement in many naturally and experimentally infected aberrant hosts, including monkeys. Warnings that humans are potentially susceptible to the devastating infection have been issued, but an instance in humans has not been recognized. This report describes a boy who died from an eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, which mimicked B. procyonis infection in monkeys. The causative agent was not identified during life. Autopsy showed a systemic larval ascarid infection with massive involvement of the brain. The size and anatomy of the larvae in histologic sections were identical to those recorded for B. procyonis. The larvae were indistinguishable from the B. procyonis larvae observed in histologic sections of experimentally infected monkeys. An indirect immunofluorescence test was positive for B. procyonis. Exposure to raccoon feces was highly likely. The evidence suggests that this is the first recognized B. procyonis infection in humans. Prudent avoidance of exposure to raccoon feces is indicated. PMID- 6542659 TI - Case 6. Adrenal hypoplasia in triploidy. PMID- 6542660 TI - Effect of natural feedstuffs added to a semi-purified diet on Eimeria tenella infection. AB - Experiments were conducted to study the effect of addition of natural feedstuffs to a semi-purified (SP) diet on Eimeria tenella infection of chickens. Chicks were fed the experimental diet throughout the experimental period and were orally inoculated with 200,000 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at 14 days of age. Addition of corn, but not soybean meal, to a SP diet increased mortality and decreased body weight gain due to the coccidial infection in comparison with chickens fed the SP diet. Addition of corn gluten meal or replacement of poultry fat by corn oil or glucose by corn starch in the SP diet did not significantly change any of the parameters studied. Addition of 20% of corn fermentation solubles (CFS)-but not 20% of distillers dried grains with solubles, wheat bran, or rice bran-to the SP diet, resulted in significantly higher mortality from the coccidial infection. Addition of 5 or 10% of CFS to the SP diet significantly increased mortality in chicks compared to those fed the SP diet, but feeding the residue of CFS after extraction with chloroform-methanol followed by water did not increase mortality. These studies show that corn and CFS contain factors that enhance E. tenella infection in chicks fed a semi-purified diet, but other natural feedstuffs such as soybean meal do not. PMID- 6542661 TI - Relationships among fertility, sperm storage, and shell quality. AB - One hundred and nine White Leghorn hens (50 weeks of age) were used to determine the relationships among fertility, sperm storage, and shell quality. The hens were artificially inseminated (AI) on 2 consecutive days with 100 million spermatozoa per insemination. Eggs were collected for 17 days and were classified as hard shell (HS), thin shell (TS), or shell-less (SL). Specific gravity (SG) was determined on HS eggs. All eggs were incubated for 3 days and broken out to determine fertility. The SL eggs were difficult to incubate; therefore, fertility was not obtained for these eggs. Hens producing eggs with SG less than 1.070 showed a significant (P less than .05) decrease in percent and duration of fertility. Specific gravity was significantly correlated with percent fertility, duration of fertility, and fertile egg production. Following the fertility trial, five hens laying HS and five hens laying SL eggs were inseminated as previously described and were killed on the day after the second insemination. The uterovaginal segments were excised, processed for histological evaluation, and stained for either oil red O to quantitate lipid or hematoxylin and eosin to show sperm distribution in uterovaginal sperm-host glands (UV-SHG). Histological examination of the UV-SHG showed that SL hens had a significantly higher percentage of empty glands than HS hens. However, there were no differences between HS and SL hens for UV-SHG lipid deposition. PMID- 6542662 TI - [Use of parlodel in endocrine diseases]. PMID- 6542663 TI - [New prospects in the use of hormonal preparations for the regulation of immunogenesis]. AB - It was shown in experiments on 32 CBA mice and 84 guinea-pigs that testosterone and its metabolite dihydrotestosterone differently change the content of the splenic antibody-forming cells, i. e. testosterone lowers and dihydrotestosterone elevates this index. Adrenalectomy of guinea-pigs exerts a temporary intensifying effect on cell immunity (delayed type hypersensitivity) and increases the sensitivity to thymozine stimulating action. Administration of hydrocortisone and the mineralocorticoid DOCA in substituting doses to adrenalectomized guinea-pigs allowed one to establish that the change in cell immunity and thymozine sensitivity is caused by a fall of the glucocorticoid hormone level. The data obtained offer new possibilities of performing purposeful regulation of cellular and humoral immunity. PMID- 6542664 TI - [Lipid peroxidation in stress-induced tissue damage in adrenal gland insufficiency]. AB - The authors studied lipid peroxidation in adrenal failure and acute emotional painful stress under total adrenalectomy. Experiments were made on white male rats with the use of a complex of indicators marking the state of lipid peroxidation in blood and tissues (myocardium, periodontium) and indicators of bone tissue mineralization. Adrenal failure activates lipid peroxidation in the tissues under study. Corticosteroid deficiency reduces activation of lipid peroxidation during the stress syndrome and potentiates its demineralization effect. PMID- 6542665 TI - Calcium-dependent regulation of cytoskeletal structure and contractility in the intestinal brush border. PMID- 6542666 TI - Parvalbumin, a relaxing factor in muscle and a neuronal marker in brain. PMID- 6542667 TI - Pain and aggression reconsidered. PMID- 6542668 TI - Reproductive hormones and aggressive behavior. PMID- 6542669 TI - Aggression among female rats during the estrus cycle. PMID- 6542670 TI - Postnatal influences on intermale aggression in rodents. PMID- 6542671 TI - Adult experience and the expression of aggression: a comparative analysis. PMID- 6542672 TI - Effects of a new psychoactive drug (DU 27716) on different models of rat agonistic behaviour and EEG. PMID- 6542673 TI - Anti-aggressive effects of DU 27716 on attack and defensive behaviors in male mice. PMID- 6542674 TI - The use of [14C]-2-deoxyglucose to detect regional brain activities associated with aggressive and defensive behavior. PMID- 6542675 TI - Cardiovascular and sympathetic-adrenal medullary responses of rats to shock induced aggression. PMID- 6542676 TI - Opiate withdrawal behavior after focal brain stimulation. AB - Electrical stimulation of the brainstem abolishes pain, while continued stimulation induces tolerance to the analgesic effect. Analgesic drugs producing tolerance also induce physical dependence, suggesting that the phenomenon of tolerance is associated with addiction. There is evidence that the neural mechanism for stimulation-produced analgesia is related to the release of opiate substances within the brain. We therefore propose that repeated or protracted brain stimulation elicits dependence upon the endorphins released by electrical stimulation of the neurons themselves. To investigate this possibility, rats were given repetitive bursts of analgesic electrical brain stimulation for two hours. Immediately thereafter, they were injected with the opiate antagonist, naloxone. Behaviors associated with low grade opiate withdrawal were observed. These data suggest that prolonged analgesic stimulation can result in naloxone-precipitated behaviors similar to the behaviors exhibited during opiate withdrawal. PMID- 6542677 TI - Librium prevents the analgesia and shuttlebox escape deficit typically observed following inescapable shock. AB - Administration of a benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide (CDP), prior to exposure to inescapable shock prevented both the long-term analgesia and the shuttle-escape deficit typically observed following inescapable shock. If given only prior to testing, CDP had little effect. The protective effects of CDP were determined not to be a result of state dependency or a general facilitatory effect of the drug on escape performance. It is suggested that the induction of anxiety or fear by inescapable shock is critical in mobilizing endogenous changes such as transmitter depletion which are thought to be responsible for the deficits observed. PMID- 6542678 TI - Potentiation of cold swim stress analgesia in rats by diazepam. AB - It was hypothesized that diazepam (DZP) would attenuate the analgesia produced by cold swim stress because of its anxiolytic and biochemical anti-stress properties. In fact, it had the opposite effect. Administered alone, neither DZP nor its vehicle affected the nociceptive thresholds of rats, as assessed by a flinch-jump test. In combination with cold swim stress, DZP elevated nociceptive thresholds significantly more than did the stressor alone. This was true whether DZP was injected before or after exposure to the stressor, or whether or not DZP administration was acute or chronic. PMID- 6542679 TI - cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II): effects of a representative metal coordination complex on mammalian cells. PMID- 6542680 TI - The stress of intruding: reduction by chlordiazepoxide. AB - Rats placed as intruders in a long-established colony showed significant elevations of plasma corticosterone after 10-20 minutes of intruding. This rise was prevented by 5 days pretreatment with chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg). The rats resident in the colony had significantly higher basal corticosterone concentrations compared with singly housed rats but the same as rats housed in groups of six in a normal cage. The resident rats showed no elevation of plasma corticosterone in response to 20 minutes of an intruder in the colony. PMID- 6542681 TI - Endocrine induction of intermale aggression in mice: a comparison of hormonal regimens and their relationship to naturally occurring behavior. AB - The level of intermale-like fighting behavior induced in female mice by various regimens of gonadal hormones known to establish aggression was compared. Regardless of whether the animals were exposed to testosterone propionate on the day of birth, the highest aggression scores were observed following chronic testosterone exposure in adult life. Females so treated also exhibited significantly more aggression than intact males. The least effective regimen was neonatal exposure to estradiol benzoate followed by long-term exposure of the adult to testosterone. Lastly, while castrated adult males were less likely to display aggressive behavior, those that fought did so at a level comparable to that of intact males. PMID- 6542682 TI - Destruction of the locus coeruleus or the dorsal NE bundle does not alter the release of punished responding by ethanol and chlordiazepoxide. AB - The hypothetical involvement of central noradrenergic projections in the manifestation of "anxiety" and the "anti-anxiety" effects of alcohol and benzodiazepines was tested in an operant conflict situation by examining the effects of destruction of this noradrenergic system on response rates. Rats were trained on a Geller-Seifter conflict test [9] modified for incremental shock [21], in which two food-reinforced lever press components were separated by a time-out. Responses during the "food-alone" component (RI) were reinforced on a random interval schedule-30 sec; responses during the "time-out" component were never reinforced; and responses during the conflict component (CONFLICT) were continuously reinforced with both food and shock. This shock strength increased incrementally with each successive shock during the conflict period. Each session consisted of two cycles of a 5 min RI period, a two min time out, and a two min CONFLICT period presented in succession. Both ethanol (0.5 to 1.0 g/kg) and chlordiazepoxide (5 and 10 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in punished responding during the CONFLICT component. Ethanol, but not chlordiazepoxide (CDP) also significantly decreased responding during the RI component. Virtual total destruction of the dorsal noradrenergic projection with 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA), or destruction of the locus coeruleus itself, failed to significantly alter baseline responding or the release of punished responding to ethanol or CDP. These results do not support the hypothesis that the locus coeruleus projections have an essential role in "anxiety" or in the "anxiety-reducing" properties of ethanol or the benzodiazepines. PMID- 6542683 TI - A psychoanalytic study of nonidentical twins. The impact of hemophilia on the personality development of the affected child and his healthy twin. PMID- 6542684 TI - Familial resemblance in components of the type A behavior pattern: a reanalysis of the California type A twin study. AB - Rosenman and colleagues reported no heritability of global Type A behavior assessed by the Structured Interview (SI) method, although some of the self report scales correlated with global Type A behavior did have heritable components. Recent factor analyses of coded SI responses revealed four independent dimensions: clinical ratings, primarily of speech stylistics; and self-reports of pressured drive, anger, and competitiveness. It may be that some of these dimensions have a heritable base, whereas others do not. We report here reanalyses of the available SI responses from the Rosenman sample. In this subsample, tape recorded interviews with 80 monozygotic and 80 dizygotic twin pairs were scored for the extent of self-reported Type A behaviors, the major speech stylistics considered to be indicative of Pattern A, and the observable Type A behaviors (e.g., signs of hostility). Then scores for the major dimensions measured by the SI were calculated and scores for which there were sufficient data were subjected to twin analyses by the method of Christian et al. These analyses showed that individual differences in the clinical ratings factor and certain ratings loading on it--specifically, loudness of speech, competition for control of the interview, and potential for hostility--might have a heritable component. These results are discussed in the context of the importance of hostility as a predictor of subsequent coronary heart disease events as well as of total mortality, other data on the heritability of emotionality, and a temperament approach to understanding the origins of the Type A behavior pattern. PMID- 6542685 TI - Effects of fornix transection on spontaneous and trained non-matching by monkeys. PMID- 6542686 TI - Delayed matching by fornix-transected monkeys: the sample, the push and the bait. PMID- 6542687 TI - Effects of anxiolytic drugs on the partial reinforcement extinction effect in runway and Skinner box. PMID- 6542688 TI - [Progesterone secretion during male-induced cycle in the Creole goat in anestrus: seasonal effects]. AB - Plasma progesterone levels during male-induced ovarian cycles were measured at three periods (March, July, November) in Creole goats. For the females experiencing a cycle of normal duration, plasma progesterone reached 2.0 ng/ml six days after male introduction. For the females experiencing a short cycle, a brief (one day) and slight (0.5 to 1.0 ng/ml) secretion of progesterone was observed during this cycle. A seasonal variation in the interval between male introduction and maximum level of progesterone during the short cycle was demonstrated (March: 4.7 days; July: 5.6 d. and November: 3.1 d.), but the maximum level reached did not vary with season (0.6; 0.9 and 0.6 ng/ml). PMID- 6542689 TI - Effect of copper pretreatment on toxicity and antitumor activity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum in mice. AB - Effect of pretreatment with CuSO4 on toxicity and antitumor activity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (Cisplatin; CDDP) in mice were examined. Single subcutaneous administration of copper (CuSO4, 40 mumol/kg) 24 hr prior to injection of a lethal dose of CDDP (35 mumol/kg, sc) showed the most favorable effect among various administration conditions tested and completely prevented the manifestation of lethal toxicity of CDDP. In mice subcutaneously inoculated with Ehrlich tumor cells, the preadministration of copper also depressed the lethal and renal toxicity of CDDP without compromising its antitumor activity. PMID- 6542690 TI - Frequency and association of NOR's in a family carrying a pericentric inversion of chromosome 14. PMID- 6542691 TI - Sleep in the cat: raphe dorsalis and vasotocin. AB - To determine the relationship between the raphe nuclei and the sleep-inducing pineal peptide arginine vasotocin (AVT), we investigated the hypnogenic effects of intraventricularly administered AVT in adult cats with electrolytic lesions performed either in the raphe dorsalis nucleus (RDN) or the raphe pontis nucleus (RPN). The following results were observed: (a) RDN lesions produced a quantitative decrease in NREM sleep and a transitory increase in REM sleep and narcoleptic-like alterations of REM sleep in the first 2-5 postoperative days. On the eighth postoperative day, normal (prelesion) sleep parameters were restored. (b) RDN lesions prevented AVT from inducing its hypnogenic effects during the first 5 postoperative days, but the AVT hypnogenic effects reappeared when sleep parameters reached prelesion levels. (c) Although the RPN lesions produced a slight but statistically significant REM sleep decrease, this did not prevent AVT from inducing its hypnogenic effects. We conclude that (a) the anatomic site of AVT action within the brain may be related to RDN; (b) at least some of the sleep disturbances observed after RDN lesions (narcolepsy) may be due to damage of the AVT site of action or to modifications of AVT synthesis or release; (c) RDN belongs to a large neural circuit that includes the pineal gland and habenula, a circuit that may play an important role in the sleep-wake cycle by "fine-tuning" sleep mechanisms. We hypothesize that AVT could be the specific inhibitory neuromodulator of this neural circuit. PMID- 6542692 TI - [Perinatal health in Pelotas, RS, Brazil: social and biological factors]. PMID- 6542693 TI - [Therapy of exudative chronic otitis using ventilating tubes. Results and consequences]. PMID- 6542694 TI - [Monozygotic twins with SLE raised in different environments]. PMID- 6542695 TI - [Cardiomyopathies, nonspecific myocarditis and alcoholic heart lesions (data from the clinical study of 100 patients)]. AB - Echocardiography and immunological tests were applied to follow and examine 100 patients with grave non-coronarogenic myocardial lesions. Of these, 14 patients had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (CMP) of the obstructive type, 21 hypertrophic non-obstructive CMP (symmetrical, apical, septal), 15 congestive CMP, 34 nonspecific myocarditis, and 16 alcoholic lesion of the heart. Congestive CMP, nonspecific myocarditis, and alcoholic lesion of the heart were characterized by some symptoms in common: dilatation of heart chambers, heart insufficiency, arrhythmias, thromboembolism. Myocarditis can be diagnosed according to the common and laboratory signs of inflammation, appearance of inflammatory pathology in other organs, changes in the immunological characteristics (reduction in the leukocyte migration index under the effect of cardiomyocyte membrane antigen), therapteutic effect of steroidal therapy. Alcoholic lesion of the heart can be recognized on case history specification (including the questioning of the subjects having relations with the patient), and identification of other symptoms of alcoholism. The possibility of making differential diagnosis of the diseases under consideration has been demonstrated. PMID- 6542696 TI - Successive study on the production of plasminogen activator in cultured endothelial cells by phytosterol. AB - In a previous study(1), it was demonstrated that one of phytosterols, sitosterol, has an ability to increase the intracellular and extracellular activities of plasminogen activator in cultured endothelial cells and that other steroids including cholesterol, 5-androsten-3 beta-ol, stigmasterol, 20(R)-propyl-5 pregnen-3 beta-ol and 20(R)-heptyl-5-pregnen-3 beta-ol have no ability. Once stimulated cells went back to normal states by removal of sitosterol. The similar lines of research for plasminogen activators were reported by several groups which were cited in a previous paper(l). In the present communication, we found that fucosterol, which is present mainly in brown algae, Phaeophyta, enhances the production of plasminogen activator in endothelial cells, as well as sitosterol. A similar enhancement was not observed for other steroids and sex hormones including androsterone, testosterone, estrone and estradiol. Synthesis of plasminogen activator induced with fucosterol or sitosterol was inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. The plasminogen activators produced in cells were, in the present study, classified into urokinase-type activators with molecular weights of 31,000 and 55,000 and tissue-type ones with molecular weights of 81,000 and 130,000, which were identified with respective antibodies. The synthesis of each type of plasminogen activator in endothelial cells was stimulated by sitosterol or by fucosterol. PMID- 6542697 TI - [Monozygotic twins with Williams-Beuren or 'elfen-face' syndrome]. AB - Monozygotic male twins with the Williams-Beuren or 'elfin-face' syndrome are described. One twin showed the typical signs of supravalvular aortic stenosis, which is consistent with the cardiovascular symptoms usually found in this syndrome. The somatic and genetic aspects of the syndrome are discussed by reviewing the literature. PMID- 6542698 TI - Reading the medical megatrends for competitive advantage. PMID- 6542699 TI - [Rupture of a pregnant uterus after a previous cesarean section]. PMID- 6542700 TI - Free and total plasma concentrations of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide in epileptic patients: diurnal fluctuations and relationship with side effects. AB - The diurnal fluctuations in free and total plasma levels of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and their relationship with intermittent side effects were examined in 10 epileptic patients stabilized on chronic CBZ therapy alone or in combination with phenobarbital (PB). With a t.i.d. or q.i.d. dosing schedule, total plasma levels of CBZ and CBZ-E fluctuated to a similar extent (average 34% and 29%, respectively). The diurnal changes in free levels of both compounds mirrored closely those of the total levels. Free fraction values ranged from 13 to 26% for CBZ and from 24 to 66% for CBZ-E. Owing to the lower protein binding of the metabolite, CBZ-E/CBZ ratios were higher in plasma water (0.49) than in whole plasma (0.22). A good correlation was found between both total and free CBZ levels and dose-related side effects (diplopia, nystagmus). On the other hand, no apparent relationship was found between side effects and either total or free plasma CBZ-E. The correlation with the presence of neurological signs of toxicity for the sum of CBZ + CBZ-E levels was no better than that observed for CBZ levels alone. These data do not support the hypothesis that CBZ-E contributes significantly to the development of dose-related side effects in CBZ-treated patients. PMID- 6542701 TI - [Sedimentation analysis of cell suspensions]. AB - Simple methods of measurements of the velocity sedimentation at unit gravity of cells obtained by disaggregation procedure from some fixed tissues are described. The relationship between the velocity sedimentation and cellular volume is discussed. PMID- 6542702 TI - [Phospholipids and cholesterol in oocytes and embryos of the loach (Misgurnus fossilis)]. AB - The qualitative composition of lipid fractions in loach oocytes and embryos at different developmental stages is investigated by TLCh on silica gel. The variability in density of minor phospholipid fractions (lyzophosphatidyl choline, phosphatidylglycerine and cholesterol) is established in the period of synchronous divisions of blastomeres. The constant composition of major fraction of phospholipids in early embryogenesis of loach is registered. PMID- 6542703 TI - [Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in an 84-year-old woman]. PMID- 6542704 TI - [Uterine perforation with the Nova-T]. PMID- 6542705 TI - [Limits of percutaneous calculus surgery. Results and new possibilities of the percutaneous approach to the kidney]. AB - After 2 1/2 years experience with percutaneous surgery on 400 kidneys the limits of this new form of endourology are outlined. These are high ureteral stones which can be visualized only by using the flexible fiberscope and the staghorn stones branched into many calyces. The operating technique and the results are discussed. New frontiers of percutaneous surgical possibilities are shown such as incision of strictures at the ureteropelvic junction, resection of urothelial tumors and marsupialization of renal cysts. PMID- 6542706 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of ureteral calculi]. AB - At least 4/5 of all ureteric calculi, which until recently required open ureterolithotomy, can today be managed successfully with endoscopic techniques, in particular ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. Using these techniques in 131 reno-ureteral units of 128 patients a success rate of 84% was achieved, which was not influenced by the position of the stone within the ureter or the sex of the patient. With minimal morbidity and a mean postoperative hospitalization of 4.5 days only 2 patients experienced complications requiring a surgical intervention. The routine insertion of an internal double-J-ureteric stent after ureteroscopy significantly reduced hospitalization. PMID- 6542707 TI - [Expansion of extracorporeal shock were lithotripsy by auxiliary methods]. AB - With the introduction of the ESWL, this non-invasive form of treatment has proved itself to be an alternative to surgical renal stone therapy. The increasing application of auxiliary methods has results in a vast extention of the indications for ESWL-monotherapy. Therefore, presently, practically all patients with urolithiasis can be treated non-invasively, where previously, surgery had to be performed. PMID- 6542708 TI - [Erection and ejaculation disorders following retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in non-seminomatous testicular tumors]. AB - From 38 patients, who had undergone retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy in the period between April 1980 and October 1983, reliable statements were obtained referring to pre- and postoperative erectile and ejaculatory abilities. The thoracolumbar outflow (Th12-L3) of the centers for emission and psychogenic erection is usually damaged in this procedure. About 12% of the radically lymph node dissected patients complained of permanent erectile disturbances; 85% of the radically lymph node dissected patients revealed ejaculatory disorders, 58% of them with a total loss of ejaculation. About 50% of them showed a considerable psychic involvement. In 12 patients a modified lymph node dissection procedure was performed with the intention to preserve ejaculatory capability. Nevertheless 6 (50%) of them revealed postoperative ejaculatory failure, 3 of them with a total loss of ejaculation. Thus our own experiences and a review of the literature indicate that this modified lymph node dissection often fails in its purpose and can not always be considered a valuable procedure for preservation of ejaculation. The administration of sympathomimetic drugs and/or imipramine is a promising approach in the treatment of ejaculatory failure. PMID- 6542709 TI - [Correlation of psychological changes and spermiogram improvements following acupuncture]. AB - The purpose of the study was to find the correlation between the effect of acupuncture on fertility and psychological effects. To investigate its influence on male subfertility, 28 patients received acupuncture treatment after informed consent. We evaluated subjective parameters by written psychological tests, while objective parameters consisted of measuring concentration, volume and motility in the spermiogram before and after acupuncture. There was a significant increase in sperm quality in all parameters but volume. The psychological test showed no change caused by acupuncture. Hence, we believe, that the effect of acupuncture on sperm quality is not caused by placebo-mechanisms. PMID- 6542710 TI - [Late results following sclerotherapy of varicocele]. AB - Between May 1981 and December 1982 244 patients with varicocele were scheduled for percutaneous sclerotherapy which is performed as an out-patient procedure. In around 80% of the patients sclerotherapy was possible. Failures were due to anatomical and technical factors. Three months after treatment a persisting varicocele was observed in 3.3% as evidenced by control phlebography; 3.9% of our patients developed a painful induration of the plexus pampiniformis which necessitated a 3-day hospitalization. Six months after sclerotherapy spermiography was repeated and compared to the pretreatment results: in 50% of the patients the sperm density was significantly improved, however, sperm morphology and mobility remained virtually unchanged. The sclerotherapy of varicoceles can be recommended as an alternative procedure to surgery. The effect on sperm quality of both therapies is equal, but the sclerotherapy is performed as an outpatient procedure (sick-leave 2 days), is cheaper, better tolerated and has a lower rate of persisting varicoceles than surgical repair. PMID- 6542711 TI - [Epidermoid cyst of the testis]. AB - This is report of a group of four patients with epidermoid cysts of the testis. The pathogenesis, symptomatology, pathology and therapy of this benign testicular tumor (or tumor like testicular lesion) in these cases, including 150 reported cases in the literature are presented and discussed. PMID- 6542712 TI - [Transposition of the male urethra]. AB - Severe traumatic loss of urethra during pelvic fracture was replaced in a small boy by perineal transposition of the penile urethra. In the first stage a "pull through" operation was performed as described by Solowow-Badenoch, which resulted in a total withdrawal of penis. In the second the urethra was cut behind the glans, the penis was straightened and the urethral meatus was opened in the perineum. In the third stage the perineal hypospadias was treated. PMID- 6542713 TI - [Bladder duplication. A case report]. AB - Duplication of the bladder is uncommon and rarely occurs as an isolated anomaly. This anomaly is classified as complete duplication, incomplete duplication, complete sagittal septum and incomplete sagittal septum. We present the case of a 7 month old child which had recurring pyuria. PMID- 6542714 TI - [Rheoophthalmographic studies in patients with diabetic retinopathy after laser coagulation]. PMID- 6542715 TI - [Thymectomy for myasthenia in twin sisters]. PMID- 6542716 TI - Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Moniliella suaveolens in two cats. AB - Moniliella suaveolens was isolated in pure culture from histologically typical phaeohyphomycotic granulomas containing dematiaceous fungi in two cats. One cat had several slow-growing black lesions up to 2 cm in diameter in the abdominal subcutis. These lesions recurred after surgical excision was attempted. The second cat had a single black subcutaneous 0.5 X 1.5-cm lesion near one dewclaw. This lesion was successfully removed surgically without recurrence. M. suaveolens has not been isolated previously from lesions in animals including man. PMID- 6542717 TI - Water intake of weaned piglets from three to seven weeks old. AB - One hundred and two large white cross landrace piglets weaned at 21 (+/- 1) days old were randomly allocated to one of two commercial early weaning diets for a four week growth trial. The piglets were housed in groups of between six and 10. After initial moderate restriction the piglets were fed ad libitum. Food intakes and weight gains were recorded weekly. Water consumption of individual pens of piglets was recorded daily. Dietary treatment had no significant effect on mean daily feed intake, daily liveweight gain or food conversion ratio. The relationship between water and food intake, piglet weight and daily gain was examined using regression and multiple regression analyses. Water intake was related to all these parameters, with daily feed intake being the best single predictor of water intake. The relationship was described by the equation: water intake (litres/day) = 0.149 + 3.053 feed intake (kg/day). PMID- 6542718 TI - Coenuriasis in sheep. PMID- 6542719 TI - Experimental transmission of the Texas strain of Hepatozoon canis. AB - Nine dogs were fed Hepatozoon canis-exposed Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks; 6 showed clinical signs suggestive of canine hepatozoonosis, and the parasite was found in sections of muscle tissue from 2 of the dogs. Schizont-like cysts were found in the skeletal muscle of both infected dogs as were gametocytes in the circulating leucocytes. Periosteal new-bone lesions were seen in 1 dog. Attempts to infect a raccoon, 3 cats, 6 laboratory mice, and tick- or canine-cells in vitro, failed. PMID- 6542721 TI - The immunization of cattle against Babesia divergens with fractions of parasitized erythrocytes. AB - A lysate of erythrocytes infected with Babesia divergens was subjected to isoelectric focusing within a pH range of 3.5-9.5. The focused proteins were split into 2 fractions depending on pH (1) those from 3.5-6.5 and (2) those from 6.5-9.5. The acidic fraction was used as an immunogen for groups of 5 adult cows using 2 different adjuvants, saponin and a mixture of muramyldipeptide (MDP) and incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Two other groups of 5 cows were simultaneously treated with the alkaline fraction and a sample of the complete lysate with the MDP/IFA adjuvant. The treated cows plus a control group were infected with 2.5 X 10(8) erythrocytes infected with a homologous strain of B. divergens. When compared with the controls all pre-treated groups were protected to some degree. There were significant differences between the treated groups with the group which received MDP/IFA combined with the acidic fraction showing most resistance to the infection. The experiment also showed that the MDP/IFA adjuvant produced more protection than the saponin. PMID- 6542720 TI - Clinical, haematological and blood biochemical changes in goats after experimental infection with tick-borne fever. AB - Tick-borne fever in goats caused by Ehrlichia (Cytoecetes) phagocytophila was characterised by high fever, dullness, anorexia, tachycardia and a slight to moderate inhibition of rumen motility. The animals developed a gradual decline in the total number of circulating white blood cells. There was a decrease in lymphocytes over a short period, followed by an increase. The number of neutrophils was higher on the 3rd day, causing considerable change in the lymphocyte:neutrophil ratios. The number of eosinophils increased slightly. Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased during the febrile episodes, and a marked decline was observed in both plasma zinc and iron concentrations. Furthermore, there was a small but progressive decrease of haemoglobin and haematocrit values. Circulating endogenous pyrogen/leucocyte endogenous mediator could not be detected in plasma from febrile goats. Tick-borne fever was passively transmitted to kids with plasma obtained from these febrile animals. PMID- 6542722 TI - Immune responses of cattle following vaccination with living and non-living Babesia bovis antigens. AB - Twenty-four yearling Hereford (Bos taurus) cattle were vaccinated against Babesia bovis using either live parasites or non-living antigens obtained from the supernatant of in vitro cultures. A single dose of live parasites was given subcutaneously, while the non-living supernatant antigen (NLSA) was combined with saponin and 2 doses given, 2 weeks apart. Following vaccination with live parasites, serum antibodies remained at high levels for 6 months, but the lymphocyte transformation response was low and lasted only 10-18 days. In contrast, NLSA vaccination was followed, after 21-28 days, by a peak of serum antibodies which then slowly declined. The lymphocyte transformation response in these animals was much higher and persisted for 6 months. Following heterologous challenge all unvaccinated cattle had severe reactions and required treatment to prevent death. Cattle vaccinated with live parasites had mild reactions with only 1 of the 12 requiring treatment. Cattle vaccinated with NLSA were only partially protected and 6 of the 12 required treatment. PMID- 6542723 TI - Infectivity and pathogenicity of three isolates of Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle. AB - Two laboratory-maintained isolates of Ostertagia ostertagi and 1 recently isolated from grazing cattle, were compared for their infectivity and pathogenicity in Holstein-Friesian calves. Calves were inoculated with 200 000 and 300 000 infective larvae in 2 experiments. Calves in both experiments developed anorexia and diarrhea; generally calves were more severely affected by the larger inoculum. Patent infections and clinical signs developed later in the calves inoculated with the field isolate. Despite decades of laboratory passage of 2 of the isolates and the geographic diversity of all 3 isolates studied, there were no significant differences among them in their infectivity as measured by numbers of nematodes and percentage of arrested development at necropsy and by pathogenicity in calves. PMID- 6542724 TI - Relationship of histamine in tissues and antiparasitic substances in gastrointestinal mucus to the development of resistance to trichostrongyle infections in young sheep. AB - The development of resistance to nematode infection and self-cure in a flock of young grazing sheep were examined in relation to changes in the levels of histamine in tissues and levels of antiparasitic substances in gastrointestinal mucus. Analysis of faecal egg counts showed that when the sheep were ranked according to individual mean monthly egg counts there was a significant trend to similar rankings in successive months. Sheep with high and low egg counts were slaughtered at monthly intervals for examination and comparison. Histamine levels in blood and intestinal content fluids were similar in both groups of sheep and were highest during maximum challenge by larval nematodes. Antiparasite activity of the intestinal mucus was significantly higher in sheep with low egg counts than those with high counts, between January and May, and was associated with significantly lower burdens of fourth stage larvae. PMID- 6542725 TI - Infectivity of Ancylostoma caninum in dogs by different routes of inoculation. AB - Infectivity of A. caninum in dogs inoculated with 500 larvae by different routes (percutaneous, subcutaneous, intravenous, per os, through a stomach tube and foot pad) was studied by ascertaining the worm burden at necropsy 21-27 days post infection. Infection through foot-pads yielded the maximum number of worms. The percentage of worm establishment using foot-pad inoculation was 73.8%, followed by subcutaneous (49.0%), percutaneous (45.0%) and per os (35.0%) routes. These results show that active penetration of the larvae through skin and particularly foot-pad is the most favourable mode of infection of dogs. PMID- 6542726 TI - The effects of single and multiple doses of thiabendazole on growing and arrested stages of the rabbit stomach worm Obeliscoides cuniculi. AB - Preliminary observations, using 5 rabbits carrying long-standing infections, indicated that single doses of thiabendazole were effective against adult O. cuniculi and that repeated doses may have had some effect on arrested larvae. A multiple dosing regime, consisting of 1 dose at 110 mg kg-1 body weight followed by 8 doses at 70 mg kg-1 body weight at 4-h intervals, was successful in removing 99.12% of developing worms and 86.04% of arrested larvae. PMID- 6542727 TI - Prevalence and survival of Toxocara canis eggs in the urban environment of Perth, Australia. AB - Using a technique of proven efficiency no Toxocara canis eggs were recovered from a total of 266 sand samples collected from "dog beaches" and parks in the Perth urban area. This observation emphasises that the major risk to humans is from an environment in which puppies are found. Other observations, made at a heavily contaminated site, showed that the eggs of T. canis disappeared from sandy soil over about 6 months during a period in which it would have been expected that conditions were favourable for egg survival. Other data are also presented indicating that the prevalence of T. canis in adult dogs in Perth is quite low. However, T. canis eggs were recovered in large numbers from the majority of soil samples collected from Perth dog-breeding establishments. PMID- 6542728 TI - Some factors influencing the immunisation of sheep with irradiated Haemonchus contortus larvae. AB - Over the last 6 years a number of experiments in which sheep were successfully immunised with 2 doses of 10 000 Haemonchus contortus larvae, irradiated at 60 krad in a gamma-source, have been reported by the authors. In this paper, the failure of such a regimen of immunisation, using the same strain of larvae, is reported together with an investigation of the possible causes. Technical errors were eliminated as a cause, on the grounds that the failure occurred in 2 separate laboratories using different 60Co sources, as was increased radiosensitivity of the continuously passaged strain of H. contortus as measured by the percentage development of irradiated larvae in 6 naive lambs. From experiments utilising 18 lambs and using both irradiated and normal larvae, it was postulated that the strain had lost its original degree of immunogenicity. Subsequently, in 2 experiments involving 27 lambs, it was shown that irradiation at 40 krad was completely successful in restoring immunogenicity and producing a degree of protection against challenge similar to that previously reported with 60 krad. It was concluded that, with the current strain of H. contortus, 60 krad is now too high a level of irradiation of larvae to produce a consistently high degree of protection against challenge. PMID- 6542729 TI - Clinical evaluation of amitraz as a treatment for canine demodicosis. AB - A liquid concentrate formulation of amitraz was clinically evaluated in 1721 canines showing demodicosis, by 25 veterinary investigators. The therapy was applied topically at 14-day intervals, and at a concentration of 250 ppm active drug in water. The miticide was efficacious and safe; approximately 99% of the canines showing localized or generalized demodicosis became clinically normal, and the side-effects recorded were minimal and transient. Approximately 3/4 of the patients were pure-bred animals and the majority were less than 1 year old. The clinical data support the conclusion that amitraz (liquid concentrate) is efficacious and safe for treating canine demodicosis. PMID- 6542730 TI - Regionalization of perinatal care. PMID- 6542731 TI - Premenstrual syndrome--a practical approach. PMID- 6542733 TI - [Early and late hemodynamic changes following operative therapy of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - 10 patients (8 men, 2 women; 24 to 72 years of age at the time of operation) with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) underwent exercise tests a mean of 10 +/- 3.7 months before as well as 12 +/- 1.1 and 52 +/- 6.3 months after subvalvular septal myectomy. The following hemodynamic parameters were assessed: heart rate, arterial pressure, total body oxygen consumption, arterio-venous oxygen difference, stroke volume, cardiac output, and pulmonary artery pressure. Clinical symptoms improved in all patients after surgery, at the first postoperative investigation in 8 patients by one class and in 2 patients by two classes according to the New York Heart Association's classification. At the second postoperative study, 2 patients reported a further improvement, 5 patients no further change, and 3 patients a partial deterioration of symptoms. Exercise tolerance, however, did not decrease in any patient. It increased from a preoperative mean of 68 +/- 7.5 watts to 90 +/- 10.0 watts (p less than 0.02) at the first and 102 +/- 14.1 watts at the second postoperative study. The hemodynamic parameters showed the following alterations at the highest exercise levels (mean 68 +/- 7.5 watts) reached by individual patients in all three exercise studies: heart rate, at the first postoperative study, was an average of 16 bpm, i.e. 13% lower than in the preoperative test, and then remained constant. Arterial blood pressure showed no definite alterations. Total body oxygen consumption was unchanged at the first postoperative evaluation, but increased at the second postoperative test by an average of 132 ml/min, i.e. 10% (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542732 TI - [Acquired infundibular pulmonary stenosis. Possible late complication following radiotherapy of Hodgkin disease]. AB - A case of infundibular pulmonary stenosis occurring years after a mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin's disease is reported. As far as the literature is known to us, a similar case has not yet been described. It is most likely that the development of the stenosis is due to the radiation therapy, since a murmur was not heard before radiation and a mild stenosis was proved several years after radiation. Now, a high gradient with the typical signs of an infundibular pulmonary stenosis was present. Unfortunately the patient refused the operation. Further possibilities for acquired pulmonary stenosis and cardial complications after mediastinal radiation for Hodgkin's disease will be discussed. PMID- 6542735 TI - Proliferation kinetics and prediction of chemotherapeutic effect in adult acute leukemia according to the FAB classification. PMID- 6542734 TI - [Chorangiomas (hemangiomas of the placenta). II. Pathologic-anatomic comparison of neonatal complications]. AB - Fetal and neonatal complications in chorangiomas of different size, in multiple chorangiomas and in cases accompanied with hydramnios were reviewed in 110 cases from literature inclusively 7 own observations. In accordance with other examiners we found an increasing perinatal mortality, especially of the antenatal mortality rate corresponding with an increasing tumor size. Chorangiomas with hydramnios had a mortality of 80 per cent. In these cases only a small part was caused by fetal immaturity or severe malformations. Comparing mean placental weight and mean neonatal weight small for date babies had a relative and absolute augmentation of placental tissue in relation to a control group. The conclusion from these findings and the fact that in own cases heavy disorders of villous differentiation could be observed is, that the fetal fate may be fundamentally influenced not only by the hemodynamic disturbance caused by the tumor, but also by the degree of placental differentiation. Large hemangiomas are ought to detect during pregnancy by ultrasound. In singular cases it may be to prevent fetal hypoxia by termination of pregnancy. PMID- 6542736 TI - 111In-labelled platelet scintigraphy in Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. PMID- 6542737 TI - Cell proliferation in the principal target organs of the dog (beagle) ovary during various periods of the estrous cycle. AB - Cell proliferation in the principal target organs of the ovary was studied in 7 beagle dogs during proestrus, early estrus, secretory and regressive metestrus. Pulse labelling with (3H)-thymidine and autoradiography were applied and labelling indices were determined. Organs with squamous and with glandular epithelium except the mammary gland showed a proliferation peak during early proestrus, the incidence of labelling being higher in organs with squamous epithelium. During early proestrus the intensity of labelling decreased in organs with squamous epithelium in the following order: vulva, vagina, portio vaginalis, and portio supravaginalis. At this time cell replication was higher in the superficial glands of the cervix and corpus uteri as well as the circular layer of the myometrium compared with values from the basal glands or the longitudinal layer. The steepest decline of the proliferative activity occurred between the proestrous period. While some labelled cells were observed during secretory metestrus, labelling was almost absent during regressive metestrus. By contrast, the mammary gland began to develop at the periovulatory period and was at the height of its proliferative activity during secretory metestrus. It is concluded for species with a long estrous cycle that: (1) the rate of cell replication in the vulva, vagina, uterus and oviduct is at its peak at the beginning of the estrous cycle and declines during proestrus; (2) as compared to observations in species with short estrous cycles, cell proliferation is very low during metestrus. PMID- 6542739 TI - Hearing in children. AB - The hearing tests for neonates, babies and young children must be adapted to the age of the patient. Neonates and young babies (under 9 months of age) are best examined with non-conditioned reflexes. For young children operant conditioning is the most suited technique. Preventive medicine is very much interested in hearing screening. We insist on a thorough history taking of the parents and on the importance of the high risk register for the early detection of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. We suspect that tympanometric screening of otitis serosa still is in an experimental stage. PMID- 6542738 TI - Degenerative hippocampal pathology in mice infected with scrapie. AB - The lesions of scrapie are confined to the CNS, and the most characteristic histopathological change in mice terminally infected with scrapie is vacuolation. With most laboratory strains of scrapie, one of the regions affected by this lesion is the cerebral cortex, including the hippocampus. Under some circumstances, however, a more destructive degeneration occurs in the hippocampus, with pyramidal cell necrosis accompanied by glial reactions, which can extend to a severe hippocampal sclerosis especially when an intracerebral route of infection has been used. The purpose of this paper is to identify some of the factors involved in these differences in the pathology of the hippocampus and their interdependence; this has necessitated the development and use of a scoring system for sclerosis in the hippocampus, in conjunction with an already established scoring system for vacuolation. Comparison of average hippocampal sclerosis scores and the vacuolation index (an estimate of the severity of grey matter vacuolation throughout the brain) reveals that hippocampal sclerosis is generally associated with scrapie models which produce intense vacuolation in the hippocampus, and also in the brain as a whole. Scrapie-induced hippocampal sclerosis provides an experimental system for investigating the basis for similar lesions, which occur in a variety of conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. PMID- 6542740 TI - Progesterone distribution in the brain of the PMSG treated female rat. AB - The uptake of progesterone in the intact female rat brain was studied in 25, immature, female rats which were given an injection of 4 IU PMSG on the 25th day of life. The rats were killed 53-55 h after their first ovulation. Amounts of progesterone were measured in seven brain areas, peripheral fat and muscle tissue and blood plasma. The analyses were done by radioimmunoassay after extraction with ethanol or diethylether. The highest mean concentration was found in the cerebral cortex, followed by the hypothalamus, the hippocampus, the striatum, the midbrain, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata (mean +/- SE pg/mg 29 +/- 2.0, 27 +/- 5.2, 19 +/- 2.4, 15 +/- 1.8, 14 +/- 2.0, 12 +/- 1.7 and 11 +/- 1.9). The concentration of progesterone in the cerebral cortex was significantly higher than in all other areas except the hypothalamus (p less than 0.001). The cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus and the hippocampus had progesterone levels that were significantly higher than in peripheral fat tissue (p less than 0.01). The plasma progesterone level correlated positively with that in the cerebral cortex (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01). Some earlier studies have shown high accumulation in the hypothalamus, but low in the cerebral cortex. One reason for the different results might be the nonphysiological models used in the earlier studies. PMID- 6542741 TI - Incorporation of biogenic amines into phospholipids studied in two-phase-system. AB - Phospholipids (PL) from splenic nerves, splenic nerve granules, adrenal medullary granules and egg yolk were used as binding ligands for studies on uptake of various biogenic amines. Efficient uptake of catecholamine (CA) occurred at low ionic strength (about 2-5 mM) and at pH 6.8-7.7. This uptake was also a function of the amine concentration in the aqueous medium. At higher ionic strength (e.g. 128 mM K-phosphate buffer) an uptake still occurred, but to considerably less extent, apparently since the association/dissociation ability of the amines within the PL was a function of cation concentration in the aqueous media. Sucrose- and dextrose-induced increase in the osmolarity of the aqueous medium did not to any appreciable extent reduce the CA uptake. Scatchard plot indicated that only one type of binding sites was engaged when PL from splenic nerves was used. Using PL from splenic nerves the following affinity order was obtained for the amine tested: 5-HT greater than TA greater than DA greater than NA greater than IP greater than A. When PL from medullary granules was used the order was: DA greater than IP greater than A greater than or equal to NA. No or negligible uptake of Dopa and its metabolites Doma and Dopac occurred. When added to the aqueous medium, the cationic amphiphilic detergent CTAB induced some uptake of Doma and Dopac, but no a Dopa. However, CTAB considerably diminished the uptake of NA and the other amines. On the other hand, ionic (DOC) and anionic (SDS) detergents strongly increased the uptake of NA and other amines into PL. The nonionic Triton X-100 was without significant effect on uptake of NA. It is suggested that the binding ligands may be present in the dipolar head of the PL molecules, particularly in the lipid phosphate group. The lipid protein may also be partially involved since chromatographic experiments showed that the CA accompanied lipid phosphorus and lipid protein. Electrostatic or complex interaction of CA within the polar head group or in conjunction with lipid protein would constitute an amine storage with efficient association/dissociation capacity. PMID- 6542742 TI - Cytological and histochemical observations on the cortical zone of oocytes of a teleost fish, Nandus nandus (Ham). AB - The cortical zone of oocyte of Nandus nandus has been studied by cytological and histochemical techniques. In an early stage of oocyte development some granular substances appear in the juxtanuclear region which during oocyte growth move to the peripheral ooplasm and forms a thick cortical granular layer. Cytochemically, this cortical granular layer consists of proteins and carbohydrates along with RNA positive material, lipids, mitochondria and Golgi bodies. This cortical granular layer, later on, converts into the cortical vacuolar layer and ultimately forms the cortical alveolar structures in the vitellogenic oocyte of Nandus nandus. The results suggest that the cortical zone plays an important role in the storage of substances transported from the follicular epithelium to the oocyte. Further, the cortical granular substances which are rich in proteins, carbohydrates and lipoidal material, also help in the formation of jelly layers of the developing oocytes. PMID- 6542743 TI - Haemangioblastoma with multiple dural arterial supply. Case report. AB - A case of primary haemangioblastoma with a marked blood supply from multiple meningeal branches of the internal and external carotid arteries is reported, and the clinical implication of detailed angiographic study of unusual feeders in this highly vascular tumour is discussed. PMID- 6542744 TI - Correspondence between attitudes and drinking and drug behavior: youth subculture over time. AB - In a longitudinal study, the researcher utilized both nonparticipant observational data and quantified interview data to analyze the correspondence between attitudes of the "youth subculture" theories and overt behavioral patterns. The data were collected in an upper-middle-class, predominantly white, Southern California beach community. An initial cohort of 23 males was followed from 1971 through 1981. A separate sample of males, aged 14 to 21, was observed from the summer of 1975 through December, 1981. All subjects were interviewed at the close of the project. The interview schedule included items regarding drug use, sexual activity, employment, and school patterns as well as attitudes reflective of pleasure-seeking and deferred gratification. Subjects are classified according to degree of drug use and analyzed according to several other variables. It is found that the older cohort, analyzed qualitatively, fit the theoretical implications of the model involved both as to attitudes and behavior. However, with the end of the Vietnam War and an increased influence of the "Jesus Movement," this group did become slightly more conservative in attitudes regarding politics and religion. The heavier drug users in the later sample are similar in behavior patterns to the older cohort. However, the more recent group of heavy users express extremely conservative views regarding morality, religion and politics. Specific attitudinal measures indicate no relationship between degree of drug use and youth subculture attitudes. The attitudes measured regarding pursuit of pleasure and immediate gratification did not appear to be consistent with actual overt behavior. PMID- 6542745 TI - Colpo-cysto-urethrography. PMID- 6542746 TI - [Value of preoperative chemotherapy in the treatment of invasive cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 6542747 TI - Autoradiographic study on localization of progestin target cells in the chicken testes. AB - Using an autoradiographic technique, the localization and concentration of progestin (P) in cell constituents of testes from the immature 25-to-70-day-old and mature 120-day-old chickens were investigated. After incubation of the frozen tissue sections with 3H-Promegestone (R5020), a synthetic P, specific radioactivity, was found in the seminiferous epithelium and interstitium in all the animals in the presence or in the absence of various non-radioactive steroids, and the intensity of radioactivity differed with age: high in 25-, 70 and 120-day-old chickens, and low in 50-day-old chickens. Estrogen treatment enhanced the intensity of radioactivity in the cells at all ages. The concentration of radioactivity was higher in the seminiferous epithelium than in the interstitial cells. In the frozen tissue sections, it was not possible to identify the kind of cell taking up the high amount of radioactivity. These results indicate that the testes from chicken during their growing stages contain cell constituents that specifically bind P. PMID- 6542748 TI - Reduction of density and anisotropic distribution of intermediate filaments occur during avian skeletal myogenesis. AB - Chicken skeletal muscle taken from embryos in ovo was examined by thin-section electron microscopy. Measurements of filament diameters reveal three nonoverlapping groups of filaments: thin (actin myofibrillar) filaments with mean diameters of 5.3 +/- 0.6 nm (S.D.), thick (myosin myofibrillar) filaments with mean diameters of 15 +/- 1.4 nm, and intermediate filaments with mean diameters of 9.3 +/- 0.9 nm. During muscle development these diameters do not change. By counting the number of filaments observed in the sarcoplasm at different stages, we find that the spatial density of intermediate filaments decreases during avian myogenesis in ovo, from 91 intermediate filaments/micron 2 at 6 days to 43 intermediate filaments/micron 2 at 17 days in ovo. Initially randomly arranged, some intermediate filaments become associated with Z discs, sarcoplasmic reticulum, nuclear membrane, and the sarcolemma between 6 and 10 days in ovo. These associated intermediate filaments course both parallel and transverse to myofibrils, forming lateral connections between myofibrillar Z discs and longitudinal connections from Z disc to Z disc within myofibrils. Intermediate filaments also appear to connect Z discs with the nuclear membrane. The intermediate filament associations persist through day 17 of development, after which the presence of cytoskeletal filaments is obscured by the densely packed myofibrils and membranes. Intermediate filament distribution becomes anisotropic during development. A greater proportion of intermediate filaments in the immediate perimyofibrillar area are oriented parallel to myofibrils than in other areas, so that the majority of the intermediate filaments nearest the myofibrils course parallel to them. The longitudinal intramyofibrillar intermediate filaments persist throughout development, as shown by their existence in KI extracted adult myofibrils. PMID- 6542749 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the oviductal epithelium of Merino ewes during the estrous cycle. AB - Isthmic and ampullary oviductal epithelia sampled from Merino ewes at days -1, 1, 3, and 10 of the estrous cycle (estrus = day 0) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy after fixation by vascular perfusion. Secretory cells, ciliated cells, and lymphocytelike basal cells were observed in both isthmic and ampullary epithelium at all stages of the estrous cycle studied and their ultrastructural features were analyzed. Synthesis of lamellated secretory granules occurred in the ampullary secretory cells during the follicular and early luteal phases, and their contents were released by exocytosis into the oviductal lumen during the luteal phase. Granule release was associated with nucleated apical protrusion of these cells into the oviductal lumen. No such secretory activity was displayed by isthmic secretory cells even though a few cells contained nonlamellated granules. Apocrine release of apical vesicles and accompanying cytoplasmic material from apical protrusions of ciliated cells occurred in the isthmus around estrus but not in the ampulla. This unexpected feature has not previously been reported in any other mammal. Dendritic basal cells were distinguished in the lower part of the epithelium by their heterochromatic nuclei, electron-lucent cytoplasm, and lack of attachment zones. No migration of basal cells was observed, and their ultrastructural features were similar in the ampulla and isthmus and at all stages of the estrous cycle examined. The function of these lymphocytelike cells in the epithelium is uncertain, but the presence of phagocytic bodies and lysosomes in 20% of them may indicate a phagocytic role. PMID- 6542750 TI - X-linked inheritance of ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness. AB - We have investigated a large Afrikaner kindred in which seven males had ocular albinism and late-onset sensorineural deafness (OASD). The pattern of inheritance of OASD is X-linked recessive. To the best of our knowledge, this association has not previously been reported and in order to establish syndromic identity we describe and discuss the condition in this article. PMID- 6542751 TI - The Golabi-Rosen syndrome. PMID- 6542752 TI - Epidemiology and natural history of secretory otitis. PMID- 6542753 TI - Management of allergy-related serous otitis. AB - Avoidance or elimination of the major offending food items or indoor problematic allergens can help many patients with allergy-related otologic problems. Other patients can be helped by immunotherapy. For symptom relief, the patients' total exposure must be less than their symptom threshold level. The bottom line must be an effort to find the easiest, simplest, safest, and most economical method to relieve symptoms. By eliminating the cause of the medical problem, it is often possible to obviate not only the need for surgery, but also the necessity to mask the patients' symptoms with medications. PMID- 6542754 TI - Aggression in rats as a function of target location in a double alley. AB - After training in a double alley for 100% food reward in each of two goalboxes, 14 male Long-Evans hooded rats were run on a partial reinforcement schedule with a target rat present in either the first goalbox or the second runway. The incidence of attack was objectively recorded in both locations. Significantly higher levels of aggression were recorded during nonreward trials than during reward trials in the goalbox, or during either nonreward or reward trials in the runway. The results are interpreted as support for the hypothesis that, in general, aggression is elicited by frustration, but that under certain conditions alternative responses to frustration may preclude aggression. PMID- 6542755 TI - [Emotions, pregnancy and progeny]. PMID- 6542756 TI - [The Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation and Parent's modification in controlling urinary incontinence in women]. PMID- 6542757 TI - Platinum determination in cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)--DNA complexes by differential pulse polarography. AB - A simple polarographic assay for platinum determination in cis dichlorodiammineplatinum(II)-DNA complexes is described. The method makes it possible to determine the free (unbound) drug in the presence of DNA or platinum DNA complex, i.e., without a separation of free drug and macromolecular components of the solution to be analyzed. This method is based on the polarographic activity of intact cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) at -1.5 V, which can be measured by differential pulse polarography even in the presence of DNA or platinum-DNA complex. The lower level of analytical utility of this method is ca. 1 X 10(-6) M (195 ng of platinum/ml). PMID- 6542758 TI - Fast-heating mass spectrometry of phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin. AB - A fast-heating probe and chemical ionization have been used to obtain mass spectra of the synthetic glycerophospholipids 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine, 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and 1-monoacyl-2 lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The phospholipids investigated gave quasimolecular peaks and fragment ions, with preferential cleavage of the C-O bond (beta position to the phosphorus atom) and loss of phosphoethanolamine or phosphocholine. This technique makes possible the analysis of mixtures of intact phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, 2-lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin isolated from natural sources such as egg yolk or brain. Only minor and inexpensive modifications of a standard mass spectrometer are required. PMID- 6542760 TI - Anterior nongranulomatous uveitis: a seasonal variation. AB - A review of 348 consecutive cases of nontraumatic uveitis seen in the Wills Eye Hospital emergency room between Jan 1, 1981, and Dec 31, 1981, was conducted. Patients who presented with an initial episode of anterior nongranulomatous uveitis, without obvious etiology by history or clinical examination, were further evaluated for epidemiologic clues suggestive of a pathogenesis. This group consisted of 121 patients. A statistical analysis for seasonal variation suggested an increased occurrence during the summer months (p .01). PMID- 6542759 TI - Androgen-binding components of human semen. AB - Androgen-binding components were detected in human semen, using the dextran coated charcoal method. Pre- and postvasectomy semen samples did not show significant differences in ability to bind dihydrotestosterone. Electrophoresis conducted in polyacrylamide gels in which tritiated dihydrotestosterone had been incorporated disclosed the presence of androgen-binding protein with properties characteristic of the ABP of Sertoli cell origin in ram semen but ABP was not detectable in human semen, even after concentrating it two or four fold. The binding of dihydrotestosterone was slightly greater in the later portion of split ejaculate samples, but binding was found in the earlier fraction and in prostatic fluid, suggesting that androgen-binding components enter human semen with secretions of the prostate and seminal vesicle glands. It was concluded that the extent of androgen-binding by human seminal fluid is not a measure of Sertoli cell function. PMID- 6542761 TI - Vitamin A transfer to the fetus and to the amniotic fluid in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The mechanisms of the fetal transmission of vitamin A were investigated by injecting 125I-retinol-binding protein (RBP), 131I-prealbumin and 3H-retinol-RBP in 9 pregnant rhesus monkeys. Samples of blood, amniotic fluid, and when needed fetal liver and kidney were collected after 2.5-48 h. 125I-RBP and 131I prealbumin were detected in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid already in the first samplings. The specific radioactivity of fetal RBP increased during the first 25 h but never exceeded 13% of the maternal value. This is presumably due to concurrent synthesis of RBP (and prealbumin) by the fetus. The maximum specific activity of 125I-RBP in amniotic fluid was 70% of the maternal value indicating that the protein was predominantly derived from the mother. 3H-retinol was more readily transmitted to fetal plasma than RBP. A significant portion of the 3H activity was found in the lipoproteins suggesting that some retinol enters the fetal circulation by other routes than those involving transmission of RBP. The high specific activity of retinol in the fetal kidney implicates its direct involvement in the turnover of transmitted vitamin A. Quantitatively, however, the accumulation of vitamin A activity was largest in the fetal liver. PMID- 6542762 TI - Vitamin status during puerperium and lactation. AB - In a total of 22 healthy women, the concentrations of vitamin A, retinol-binding protein (RBP), beta-carotene, vitamin E, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), folic acid, vitamin B12, biotin and vitamin C as well as the activities of the erythrocytic enzymes, erythrocyte transketolase (ETK), erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR) and erythrocyte glutamate oxalacetate transaminase (EGOT) were measured and compared at delivery, 3-5 days post-partum (pp) and 5-10 weeks pp. The mean values indicated a post-partal increase of vitamin A, RBP and vitamins B12 and C; and a post-partal decrease of PLP, folic acid, biotin, vitamin E and beta-carotene. The basal activities ETK0 rose at the end of puerperium above the values measured at delivery, while EGOT0 were lower than at parturition. None of the women had an adequate biochemical vitamin status for all vitamins measured over all three investigations. The biochemical vitamin deficiency of biotin was found most often, followed by vitamins B12, B6, C, A, folic acid, B2, B1 and beta carotene; vitamin E status was optimal in all women. PMID- 6542763 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in cancer patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of aztreonam were studied in 25 adult patients with hematological malignancies. Two groups of nine patients each received aztreonam (1 or 2 g every 8 h) prophylactically, and seven infected patients received a therapeutic regimen of aztreonam (1.5 g every 4 h). The mean peak serum concentration after a 1-g dose of aztreonam (given over 0.5 h on day 1) was 75.5 micrograms/ml; after a 2-g dose it was 177.2 micrograms/ml. The mean peak serum concentration after a 1.5-g dose of aztreonam (given over 2 h on day 1) was 68.5 micrograms/ml. The serum half-life ranged between 1.7 and 2.0 h for all regimens studied. The urinary concentration of the metabolite of aztreonam, SQ 26,992, increased during 1 week of administration of the drug; however, serum levels of the metabolite were barely detectable. PMID- 6542764 TI - Effects of cirrhosis on kinetics of aztreonam. AB - Aztreonam was administered as a single, 3-min, 1-g intravenous infusion to 18 subjects, including 6 with biopsy-proven, primary biliary cirrhosis, 6 with biopsy-proven, stable alcoholic cirrhosis, and 6 age- and sex-matched control subjects with normal hepatic functions. Aztreonam was well tolerated by all subjects. Multiple blood samples and timed, cumulative urine samples were taken for assay of aztreonam content and determination of pharmacokinetic profiles. Protein-free filtrates of serum were also assayed for drug levels. Analyses by microbiological and high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures gave equivalent results. The kinetic data were described by an open, linear, two compartment model. There were significant differences in elimination half-life (3.2 versus 1.9 h), serum clearance (0.8 versus 1.1 ml/min per kg), and nonrenal clearance (0.2 versus 0.4 ml/min per kg) between the alcoholic cirrhosis group and the normal control group and in elimination half-life (2.2 versus 1.9 h) between the primary biliary cirrhosis group and the normal control group. There was also a difference in nonrenal clearance between the alcoholic cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis groups (0.2 versus 0.5 ml/min per kg). Although the handling of aztreonam differed in the three groups, the magnitude of the difference would warrant a change in aztreonam dosing only for the alcoholic cirrhosis group. In this group, dose adjustment might be required if long-term therapy with high doses of aztreonam is indicated. PMID- 6542765 TI - Penetration of aztreonam into cerebrospinal fluid of patients with and without inflamed meninges. AB - Aztreonam was administered as a single, 2-g intravenous dose to 25 patients with noninflamed meninges and to 9 patients with inflamed meninges. It was well tolerated and was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid at the initial sampling period at 1 h after the end of infusion. Aztreonam levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with inflamed meninges were four times higher than those recorded for the same time period in patients with noninflamed meninges. Aztreonam concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid in the presence of normal and inflamed meninges exceeded the inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for most gram-negative bacteria. Thus, a multiple-dose treatment regimen with 2-g intravenous doses every 6 h appears to be appropriate for clinical trials of aztreonam for the treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis which is caused by susceptible organisms. PMID- 6542766 TI - Time of day influences food acceptability. AB - To determine whether a food's acceptability changes with time of day and degree to which a food is appropriate for a given mealtime, preferences were obtained both in the morning and the afternoon for a set of foods which included items appropriate "for breakfast", "for dinner", or for either mealtime. A second purpose of the study was to determine whether such cultural rules regarding food appropriateness had been acquired by preschool children and whether the pattern of shifting acceptability with time of day predicted for adult subjects would also appear in the preference data of the children. Participants included 25 adults and 30 three- and four-year-old children. All subjects were seen twice, once in the morning and once in the late afternoon for two identical sessions. Half of the subjects in each age group were seen first in the morning, half were seen first in the afternoon. In these sessions food preferences for the set of foods varying in mealtime appropriateness were assessed and the foods were categorized as "for breakfast" of "for dinner". The preference data of both the adults and the children showed significant preference shifts with time of day, with breakfast items more preferred in the morning than the afternoon and dinner items more preferred in the morning than the afternoon. These shifts were larger for adults than for children but not significantly so. PMID- 6542767 TI - Changes in the lipid composition of Paecilomyces persicinus P-10 M1 during growth and cephalosporin C production. AB - The lipid composition of the fungus Paecilomyces persicinus P-10 M1 was monitored daily for 6 days to detect any changes during growth and cephalosporin C production. Total lipid yields and cephalosporin C production were maximal after 72 h of incubation. Analysis of the total lipids revealed that the neutral lipid fraction was elevated at this time, whereas polar lipids were depressed. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine represented the major phospholipids detected. Phosphatidylethanolamine levels were descending when cephalosporin C was detected at its highest concentration. Increases in phosphatidylcholine levels paralleled those of cephalosporin C but reached a maximum at 48 h after the latter. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine were also detected. Fatty acids present in the total lipid fraction ranged in carbon length from C12 to C24. The major acids were C16 (palmitic), C18:1 (oleic), and C18:2 (linoleic). All fatty acids exhibited minor variations in concentration during the 6-day period, and none displayed a direct correlation with cephalosporin C yields. PMID- 6542768 TI - Excretion of (sulfated) steroids in the urine and excretion of cholesterol sulfate in the feces of boys with recessive X-linked ichthyosis. AB - The excretion of sulfated steroids was investigated in the urine and feces of six boys aged 9 months to 7 years and 10 months who had recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Profiles of urinary total steroids as well as sulfated steroids were normal. Cholesterol sulfate excretion in the urine was not elevated. In the feces 2-20% of total cholesterol was cholesterol sulfate, whereas in the feces of 28 healthy children no cholesterol sulfate was demonstrable. In the 6 patients total cholesterol excretion (500-2,500 mumol/kg feces) was also elevated in comparison with the 28 healthy controls (150-700 mumol/kg feces, mean 365 mumol/kg feces). PMID- 6542770 TI - [Asymmetrical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Is there a true obstruction of the blood flow in the outlet of the left ventricle?]. PMID- 6542771 TI - Sex differences in bone resorption: a scanning electron microscopic study of mouse parietal bones. AB - Bone resorption surfaces formed by osteoclasts can be identified as rough areas by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the endocranial surfaces of mouse parietal bones were examined by SEM at 1, 4, 6, 8, 14 and 20 weeks of age in an attempt to understand the bone resorbing activity after the cessation of bone growth. On the inner surface of the parietal bones, the rough areas, composed of a group of 8 to 30 microns wide concavities, can be divided into two distinct groups (type I and type II). The surface of type I areas appeared irregularly rough and those of type II revealed feather, fire-flame, or wave-like patterns due to characteristic arrangements of the concavities. The rough areas occupying the inner surface of the parietal bones made up about 60% of the surface area at 1 week and about 5% at 4 weeks in both sexes. The rough areas were all type I at this age. After puberty, the rough areas in males occupied about 10% of the inner surface until 20 weeks and consisted of large type I and small type II areas. In females, the proportion of the rough areas increased after puberty and occupied about 40% of the endocranial surface at 14 and 20 weeks. The type I areas were much larger, increasing in size with age and eventually occupying a large proportion of the rough areas. The sex differences in the rough areas were reversed by gonadectomy. The results suggest that male and female gonadal products, possibly sex hormones, have respective inhibitory and stimulatory effects on the formation of bone resorptive surfaces, and may be responsible for the sex differences in the size and morphological features of the areas on the bone surfaces. PMID- 6542769 TI - Vitamin A uptake by human skin in vitro. AB - Results are presented establishing that epidermis accumulates vitamin A from serum retinol-binding protein (RBP). Strips of human breast skin (0.2-0.3-mm thick) were incubated in a serum-free medium. From the rate of glucose oxidation, the tissue was viable for at least 48 h at 32 degrees C in 5% CO2 air. [3H] Retinol-RBP (10(-6) M) was added to the medium for 1-24 h, after which epidermis and dermis were split and separately extracted with hexane after saponification. [3H]-Retinol was isolated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Epidermis had 6-7 times higher affinity for [3H]-retinol than dermis. The uptake could be saturated by substrate and was inhibited with unlabelled retinol-RBP but not with serum albumin. Furthermore, although the uptake was temperature dependent, it seemed independent of cellular energy production. The epidermal accumulation of [3H]-retinol was reduced by the filtering action of dermis. On the basis of these observations, an in vitro model for the delivery of vitamin A to human skin has been proposed. PMID- 6542772 TI - Social influence on the display of sexually dimorphic behavior in rhesus monkeys: isosexual rearing. AB - Groups containing 5 or 6 infant rhesus monkeys and their mothers were formed when the infants were approximately 3 months old by random assignment from an available pool. There were 33 males and 38 females assigned to groups containing infants of both sexes (heterosexual groups); 15 males and 15 females were assigned to groups containing only infants of the same sex (isosexual groups). The social behavior of subjects in each group was observed and recorded during six 50-day periods from 3 months of age to 3 1/2 years of age. Two sexually dimorphic patterns, mounting and presenting, were recorded for each subject as indices of protosexual (i.e., patterns eventually used in adult mating behavior) development. In addition, rough play, a dimorphic response that is not protosexual, was also recorded. Both males and females in the isosexual condition were characterized by a partial inversion of the manifestation of protosexual behavior. Isosexual males showed statistically less foot-clasp mounting and more presenting than heterosexual males. Conversely, isosexually reared females showed statistically more mounting and less presenting than heterosexual females. The effect of rearing animals in same-sex groups was greater on heterotypical than on homotypical protosexual behavior. Among isosexual males, presenting responses deviated from the heterosexual male standard to a greater extent than did mounting. Among isosexual females, mounting behavior deviated from the heterosexual female standard more than presenting. Results suggested that presenting behavior by males was more easily augmented by isosexual rearing conditions than was mounting by females. At no time during the experiments did isosexual females mount at frequencies or at group proportions that were indistinguishable from those of heterosexually reared males. In contrast, males reared isosexually showed average frequencies of presenting that equaled or exceeded means for females reared heterosexually. While mounting and presenting were both modified by same-sex rearing, rough-and-tumble-play frequencies were not influenced markedly in either sex. However, isosexual males did show statistically higher frequencies of rough play than heterosexual males during the final period of observation (3 to 3 1/2 years of age), and isosexual females showed less rough play than heterosexually reared females during the first year of life. Results support the conclusion that isosexual conditions can have a selective effect on the developmental expression of protosexual responses without altering the probability of display of other sexually dimorphic social behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6542774 TI - Characterization of long-lived antibody-forming cells mediating persistent antibody formation in the mouse. PMID- 6542773 TI - Comparative effects of ethanol administration on hepatic monooxygenases in rats and mice. AB - The inducing effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on hepatic monooxygenases in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats, and A/J and C57BL/6J mice, were studied. Cytochrome P-450 content was significantly increased in livers of all animals receiving the experimental ethanol-containing liquid diet. The CO-difference spectra of microsomes from ethanol-treated animals showed a shift in the absorbance maximum to 451-452 nm, compared to the absorbance maximum of 450 nm observed with microsomes from control animals. Ethylmorphine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities in livers of ethanol-treated animals were minimally affected. The shift in the absorbance maxima to longer wavelengths in the CO-difference spectrum and the minimal effects on the metabolism of ethylmorphine and benzo[a]pyrene demonstrate that ethanol differs in its inducing properties, when compared to the properties of the two widely used hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers, phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. In contrast to the minimal effects observed on the metabolism of ethylmorphine and benzo[a]pyrene, several fold increases were observed in hepatic 7-ethoxycoumarin 0-deethylase and aniline hydroxylase activities in the treated animals. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of hepatic microsomes from those animals receiving ethanol revealed protein band(s) in the cytochrome P-450 molecular weight region, the intensities of which were markedly increased relative to that from control animals. The heme-associated peroxidase activity was also increased in the same molecular weight region. The results of the present spectral, catalytic, and electrophoretic studies demonstrate that in mice, as in rats, chronic ethanol treatment causes the induction of specific cytochrome(s) P-450 with preferential activity toward aniline and 7-ethoxycoumarin. PMID- 6542775 TI - Foetal bradycardia diagnosis display using intrinsic dimensions. PMID- 6542776 TI - Interaction of prostaglandins with phospholipid vesicles, serum lipoproteins and erythrocytes. PMID- 6542777 TI - Selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6542778 TI - Chronobiologic and metabolic characterization of rats fed low or high linoleic acid diets. AB - The influence of a modified endogenous prostanoid synthesis on circadian rhythmicity at different functional levels (prostanoid formation, behavioural parameters, circulatory indices, hematological parameters, energy metabolism) was investigated. The daily rhythmic changes observed for all parameters were partly modified by the variation of dietary linoleate intake. PMID- 6542779 TI - Structure-activity relationships of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). I. Natriuretic activity and relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle. AB - Atrial natriuretic factor-related peptides were produced from synthetic ANF (101 126) either by chemical hydrolysis at the N-terminal end or by treatment with carboxypeptidases at the C-terminal end. The biological activities of these peptides were characterized in vivo by a natriuretic bioassay and in vitro by relaxation of contracted intestinal smooth muscle (chick rectum). In the natriuretic assay, the removal of Asn122, Ser123 and Phe124 at the C-terminal end alters considerably the renal response. Deletion or extension of amino acids at the N-terminal end affects only slightly the natriuretic activity. Removal of N terminal or C-terminal amino acids decreases the relaxant activity of ANF on the chick rectum. In both bioassays, simultaneous deletions of residues at both ends drastically affect the activity in an additive manner. PMID- 6542780 TI - Forskolin action on histamine stimulated adenylyl cyclase in parietal cells of rat and guinea pig. AB - Forskolin causes a concentration dependent stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in rat and guinea pig parietal cells; guinea pig enzyme has higher activity than rat enzyme, both in the absence and presence of forskolin. Forskolin has a potentiating effect on histamine and epinephrine stimulated enzyme activity in rat cells, but only on histamine stimulated activity in guinea pig cells. Cimetidine, an H2-type antihistamine, does not block the stimulatory action of forskolin. It is speculated that quantitative and qualitative differences in hormone receptors may be magnified with forskolin. PMID- 6542781 TI - Assessment of the immune responsiveness of mice exposed to a 1.5-Tesla stationary magnetic field. AB - Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were assayed following a 6-day exposure of LAF1/J mice to a 1.50 Tesla (1 T = 10(4) Gauss) stationary magnetic field. In tests of the immune response to sheep erythrocytes, the number of Jerne plaques formed by spleen lymphocytes and the level of serum IgM were not significantly different for the exposed mice in comparison with control animals. Tests for mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation also demonstrated no significant differences in the response of spleen lymphocytes from exposed and control groups of mice. PMID- 6542782 TI - Computer assisted structure-activity correlations. Evaluation of benzo(de)isoqinoline-1,3-diones and related compounds as antitumor agents. AB - Computer assisted evaluations of benzo(de)isoquinoline-1,3-diones and related compounds screened for antitumor activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia and L1210 lymphoid leukemia are presented. Two important features necessary for good anticancer activity are the nature of the imide side-chain and the type of substituent on the aromatic portion. Based on these considerations 1H benzo(de)isoquinoline-1,3(2H)dione,5-amino-2-(2-dimethyl-aminoethyl) (NSC 308847) has been selected for preclinical toxicology studies. PMID- 6542783 TI - [Inhibition of monoamine oxidase A and B in the heart and brain of the rat with amitriptyline, pargyline and pirlindol]. AB - The inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B by amitriptyline, pargyline and pirlindole was measured in heart and brain homogenates of rats with tryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine as substrates. The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline inhibited MAO B stronger in the brain (Ki = 8.41 X 10(-6) mol/l) as well as in the heart (Ki = 7.03 X 10(-5) mol/l) compared to the A-form (1.51 X 10(-4) and 1.03 X 10(-4) mol/l, respectively). Pargyline diminished the activity of both enzyme forms of the heart in the same range (4.29 and 1.60 X 10(-6) mol/l), whereas in the brain the B-form was blocked in a more pronounced manner, too (5.80 X 10(-8) and 4.01 X 10(-6) mol/l, respectively). In contrast to amitriptyline and pargyline pirlindole inhibited the MAO with tryptamine as a substrate in the brain 100 times (2.49 X 10(-7) mol/l) and in the heart nearly 1000 times (3.42 X 10(-8) mol/l) more than with phenylethylamine as a substrate (5.21 and 5.99 X 10(-5) mol/l, respectively). These results show that amitriptyline and pargyline are relatively selective inhibitors of MAO B, whereas pirlindole blocks the A-form of MAO much stronger than MAO B. PMID- 6542784 TI - Evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs in DBA/2 mice with sound-induced seizures. AB - The syndrome of sound-induced seizures in DBA/2 mice is described. Protection against seizure responses is provided by intraperitoneal administration of conventional anticonvulsant drugs with benzodiazepines being the most potent, and valproate, ethosuximide and trimethadione the least potent. Protection is also provided by intracerebroventricular administration of anticonvulsant drugs. GABAergic agents, antagonists of excitation due to dicarboxylic amino acids, alpha 2-noradrenergic agonists, and dopamine agonists all provide protection against the seizure responses. There is, however, no conclusive biochemical evidence that the syndrome is attributable to a defect in one or more of these neurotransmitter systems. PMID- 6542785 TI - [Antidotal treatment of acebutolol poisoning]. AB - In rats, the intravenous infusion with acebutolol lead to a dose dependent decrease of arterial blood pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance, to sinus bradycardia, widening of the QRS complex, 1st and 2nd degree AV-block and intraventricular conductance disturbances. Nine possible antidotes were administered i.v. to rats which had been infused with 2 mg/kg X min acebutolol for 60 min. Isoprenaline proved the best antidote against acebutolol antagonizing the bradycardia by 88% and the hypotension completely. The activities of orciprenaline and prenalterol were lower than those of isoprenaline. Dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine antagonized acebutolol induced hypotension, but did not influence considerably the bradycardia. Glucagon, on the other hand, antagonized the acebutolol-induced bradycardia by 47% but exerted only a small activity on the hypotension. Aminophyllin and calcium were nearly ineffective as antidotes against acebutolol. Isoprenaline and dopamine infused simultaneously restored heart rate, arterial blood pressure and cardiac output of acebutol-poisoned rats. The survival time of rats infused with 4 mg/kg X min acebutolol was doubled by the additional infusion of 0.2 mg/kg X min isoprenaline. The antagonistic activity of a treatment with isoprenaline and dopamine against the cardiovascular toxicity of acebutolol was confirmed in rabbits. PMID- 6542786 TI - Protective effect of nifedipine upon digitalis intoxication. AB - Protective action of nifedipine (Bay a 1040, Adalat) in cardiac arrhythmias was tested in digitalis-intoxicated cats. Animals of both sexes weighing from 1.4 to 3.2 kg were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg i.p.) heparinized (500 U/kg i.v.) and mechanically ventilated. Mean intracarotid blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Two study groups were compared with a control group. Group I (N = 19): nifedipine (6.25; 12.50 or 25 micrograms/kg/min) was given in a 10-min infusion into the femoral vein of the cat, before a fast intravenous injection of lanatoside C (0.15 mg/kg). Group II (N = 19): cats intoxicated with lanatoside C were treated with nifedipine in the same doses and conditions described for Group I. The calcium antagonist was administered as soon as cardiac arrhythmias appeared. Control group (N = 10): lanatoside C was given as the only drug. In each group the observation period was maintained from 60 to 180 min after the administration of the last drug (nifedipine or lanatoside C). Results showed that pre-treatment with nifedipine inhibited digitalis arrhythmias in 10 out of 19 cats and prevented death in the majority of cases (16 out of 19). When given after lanatoside C, nifedipine was unable to suppress cardiac arrhythmias but improved the survival rate (8 out of 19). In lethal cases, the time of death of nifedipine-treated animals was earlier compared with the control group (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that nifedipine prevents and, in a minor proportion, protects from the toxic effects of digitalis. PMID- 6542787 TI - The effect of 7-(2'-oxopropyl)-1,3-di-n-butyl-xanthine (BRL 30892) on ischaemic skeletal muscle pO2, pH and contractility in cats and rats. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study in animal experiments whether 7-(2'-oxopropyl)-1,3-di-n-butyl-xanthine (BRL 30892) could be of potential value for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). In order to obtain information on oxygen supply, energy metabolism and function of ischaemic calf muscle in rats and cats, muscle pO2, pH and contractility were measured before and after dosing of BRL 30892. In cats, pO2 histograms of the ischaemic gastrocnemius muscle demonstrate an improved supply after dosing of BRL 30892. A dosage of 0.1 mg/kg intraduodenally (i.d.) increased tissue pO2 by an average of 6 Torr. Dose-effect relationships showed BRL 30892 to be of high potency, the lowest effective dose being 0.025 mg/kg i.d. BRL 30892 also increased pO2 in the ischaemic rat gastrocnemius. Furthermore, an increase in pH in this tissue was seen, a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg increasing pH by ca. 0.1 unit. Contractility of the cat ischaemic calf muscle was increased by 13% after 0.0125 mg/kg i.v. and by nearly 50% after 0.3 mg/kg i.d. BRL 30892. Pentoxifylline used as a reference compound showed qualitatively similar effects to BRL 30892 but pentoxifylline was ca. 100 times less potent. Furthermore, pentoxifylline produced lower maximum effects than BRL 30892. Thus, BRL 30892 could be a useful compound for the treatment of PVD. PMID- 6542788 TI - In vitro deacetylation studies of acetamidophenolic compounds in rat brain, liver and kidney. AB - The in vitro deacetylation of ortho-, meta- and para-substituted acetophenetidines and acetamidophenols including acetanilide by arylacylamidases in rat brain, liver and kidney was investigated. In general, deacetylation rates were highest in liver and kidney preparations, whereas brain exhibited lower enzyme activities. Acetophenetidines were more suitable N-deacetylation substrates in comparison to acetamidophenols, whereby o-substituted compounds were split more easily than their corresponding m- or p-analogues. Among the arylacylamides tested, o-acetophenetidine was the predominant substrate in all tissues. It was deacetylated by far more rapidly than phenacetin. The enzymic deacetylation of acetophenetidines in kidney and brain was inhibited by p nitrophenylacetate revealing that N-acetylamides as well as O-acetyl esters undergo similar degradation by carboxylesterase-amidases. The organophosphorous diester bis(p-nitrophenyl)-phosphate which is known to be a rather selective inhibitor of acetanilide-cleaving hydrolases in rat liver suppressed the deacetylation of acetanilide in all tissues investigated. In contrast to acetanilide, the deacetylation of acetophenetidines was inhibited by bis(p nitrophenyl)-phosphate in liver and kidney, but bis(p-nitrophenyl)-phosphate was by far less active against acetophenetidine hydrolases in brain. PMID- 6542789 TI - Isoniazid plasma and lymph kinetics after intravenous injection in dogs. AB - Isoniazid pharmacokinetics after bolus intravenous injection in dogs has been studied using concentration measurements in plasma and in the lymph collected as the outflow of the thoracic duct. Simple graphical analysis as well as fitting of the data indicates that the plasma concentration exhibits biexponential decrease whereas three exponential components are detected in lymphatic kinetics. The discrepancy in the number of exponentials cannot be accounted for by a catenary three-compartment model. Another model, which is compatible with the anatomo physiological characteristics of the lymphatic circulation is proposed. To account for transfer delays between the plasma-lymph exchange areas and the site of measurement, we assume that the drug concentration in the lymph collected at the extremity of the thoracic duct is the convolution of the interstitial lymphatic concentration with an exponential distribution of transit times. Assuming, furthermore, that a rapid equilibrium between plasma and interstitial lymph is established and that variations in the lymphatic flow are negligible, this model provides an adequate description of isoniazid plasma and lymph kinetics as can be judged from: 1. the satisfactory adjustment of model predicted values to the concentration measurements after global nonlinear least-squares fitting of plasmatic and lymphatic data; 2. the agreement of the estimated isoniazid pharmacokinetic parameters with values reported in literature. This agreement suggests that lymphatic concentrations at the exit of the thoracic duct give an indirect and distorted picture of interstitial fluid isoniazid levels whose kinetics, in fact, closely follows that existing in plasma. PMID- 6542790 TI - Toxicological studies with a novel synthetic anthracycline, the bis-hydrazone bridged analog of 4-demethoxydaunorubicin (SC-33428). AB - The toxicological effects of SC-33428, a bis-hydrazone bridged analog of 4 demethoxydaunorubicin were evaluated in rats. The bone marrow depressant effects were more pronounced than those caused by equal doses of doxorubicin, but the cardiotoxic and the nephrotoxic effects were clearly less marked. The concentrations of SC-33428 in serum, heart and kidneys after single and repeated i.p. injections were considerably lower than those reached with doxorubicin. Since the drug is at least as active as doxorubicin in various tumor models, it is likely that it will distinguish itself in the clinic by a broader margin of safety. PMID- 6542791 TI - Hepatic actions of progestogenic steroids. AB - The effects of two oral progestogens, norethisterone and d-norgestrel, were studied on hepatic functions in CFY female rats. In healthy animals both progestogens inhibited cytochrome-P-450 dependent nonspecific mixed function monooxygenases. Serum bilirubin and cholylglycin RIA values were normal. Protein and glycogen content of the liver remained intact after norethisterone, d norgestrel reduced glycogen. The pathologic values characteristic for chronic carbon-tetrachloride damage improved on a highly significant grade when these progestogens were simultaneously administered. The progestogens inhibited mixed function monooxygenases. We may presume that in this way they inhibited the formation of hepatotoxic trichloromethyl free radical and improved several liver functions. PMID- 6542792 TI - [Reproduction toxicologic studies on rats following oral administration of benzopyrone preparations]. AB - The influence of the benzopyrone preparation Venalot (active substances: coumarin and troxerutin; in the following briefly called CT) on the fertility and teratogenicity as well as on the perinatal and postnatal development of a total of 3 generations was evaluated in a combined study. The 1-, 8-, 64-, and 128fold of the daily therapeutical doses for humans was suspended in tap water and administered orally by gavage to 95 male and 190 female SPF rats (Wistar) (test groups 2 to 5). 23 male and 46 female rats (test group 1) served as controls and were given tap water alone. The male animals were subjected to a pretreatment of 10, the female animals to one of 3 weeks. The treatment was continued during the phase of mating. The animals scheduled for cesarian section received the test substance until the day of the laparatomy (gestation day 20), those selected for littering throughout lactation (day 24 post partum). With the aid of a stepwise histological technique, the teratological examination could also disclose non lethal malformations of the organs. The treatment resulted in a decreased food consumption in the animals of group 5 and in a reduced gain of body weight as well as pathologic-anatomically and histologically demonstrable, definitely dose related hepatic lesions. The test substance had no effect on either the treated P generation nor the untreated F1 generation. As teratogenic effects could also not be demonstrated and the peri- and postnatal development of the filial generations 1 and 2 was undisturbed, the present study does not indicate a reproduction toxicological risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542793 TI - [Plasma levels of fosfestrol and its monophosphate, of diethylstilbestrol and its monoglucuronide following intravenous administration in patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma]. AB - A homogeneous ion pair extraction technique enables the nearly quantitative isolation of fosfestrol (1) (Honvan) and up till now of three of its metabolites from the plasma of patients suffering from metastatic prostata cancer. The detection occurs by HPLC with UV-detector. The range of detection is in the lower microgram range. It is the first time that plasma levels of 1 and its monophosphate (2) can be measured. PMID- 6542794 TI - Cardiogenic shock and pulmonary edema. PMID- 6542795 TI - The premature breech presentation: outcome of newborn infants born by vaginal or abdominal delivery. AB - There is ample documentation that breech full-term infants delivered vaginally have a higher perinatal morbidity and mortality rate than breech infants born via cesarean section. Until now, little emphasis has been placed on the risks to premature newborns born in breech presentation. Therefore, the authors have considered all singleton pregnancies with infants in breech presentation admitted to the Department of Obstetrics, University of Padova, from January 1978 to December 1979 and delivered before 36-weeks gestation. On the basis of obstetric management, the authors have obtained two groups: Group A comprised 36 infants born by vaginal delivery; Group B totaled 32 newborns delivered by cesarean section. Mean gestational age and birthweight were comparable. Of the neonatal events considered, the following were significantly different: Apgar score at 5 minutes less than 7 (A = 30.6%; B = 9.3%), mortality (A = 13.8%; B = 0), neurologic sequelae in the infants discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (A = 50%; B = 9.1%) and the sum of mortality and long term sequelae (A = 22.2%; B = 3.1%). The authors conclude that cesarean section performed in mothers with impending preterm breech delivery decreases the neonatal mortality rate and improves the long-term outcome. PMID- 6542796 TI - Effects of oxytocin and a derivative (Z-prolyl-D-leucine) on morphine tolerance/withdrawal are mediated by the limbic system. AB - Recent data indicate that the neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin (OXT) and Z prolyl-D-leucine (Z-Pro-D-Leu), a synthetic dipeptide derived from the C-terminal part of OXT, attenuate the development of tolerance to and dependence on morphine in the mouse. Biochemical and behavioral data raise the possibility that these effects of the peptides might be associated with their effects on the central nervous system and in particular on limbic brain structures. The present results confirm this hypothesis, since intracerebroventricular (i.c.v., 50 ng) and local (0.5 ng) injections of OXT and Z-Pro-D-Leu into the dorsal hippocampus and the mesolimbic nucleus accumbens attenuate morphine tolerance/dependence, similarly to systemic injections of these peptides in higher amounts (5-50 micrograms). Local injections of these peptides into other brain sites (e.g. the nucleus caudatus, ventral tegmental area and the external cortical surface) are without effect. Lesion of the nucleus accumbens by the catecholaminergic neurotoxin 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) completely prevents the effects of Z-Pro-D-Leu and partially those of OXT on morphine tolerance/dependence. The data point to the role of limbic structures as mediators of the effects of neuropeptides on morphine addiction. PMID- 6542797 TI - Passive-active immunoprophylaxis in newborns to HBsAg carrier mothers liguria--I. AB - Thirty neonates to HBsAg carrier mothers, two of whom were HBeAg positive, received passive-active immunoprophylaxis. Within 48 hours after birth and at the first month of life these newborns were given HBIG (0.5 ml/Kg) and at the third month of life they were given first vaccination (10 micrograms). "HB-Vax" (M.S.D.) has been employed and its schedule has been performed (2 degrees and 3 degrees injections respectively at 4th and 9th month of life). Blood specimens have been collected in infants at birth and at each HBIG and vaccine administration, two months after the 2nd vaccination, one and six months after the third one. All specimens have been tested for HBV markers: HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HBe and anti-HBc IgM. The anti-HBs titration has been performed according to WHO International Reference anti-HBs Standard. ALT and AST levels were determined in all infants specimens. The newborns did not show clinical signs or lab tests expressing HBV infection during the follow-up period. The anti HBs geometric mean titres have been the following: 125 mIU/ml at 1 month, 176.4 mIU/ml at 3 months, 64.4 mIU/ml at 4 months, 119 mIU/ml at 6 months, 321 mIU/ml at 9 months, 2580.8 mIU/ml at 10 months and 715.3 mIU/ml at 15 months of life. Finally, side effects were observed for no infants. PMID- 6542798 TI - [Induced facilitation in the ventral tegmentum area on the latency of biting evoked by hypothalamic stimulation in the cat]. AB - The effects of VTA stimulation on the quiet biting attack evoked by hypothalamic activation in the cat, were studied. The reference value of the aggressive behaviour was the latency of the biting. Concurrent activation of both the hypothalamus and VTA determined a decrease of the biting latency, which depended on the parameters of VTA stimuli. The facilitatory effect of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system on the attack behaviour is emphasized. PMID- 6542799 TI - [The substantia nigra in quiet attack induced by hypothalamic stimulation in the cat]. AB - The role of the substantia nigra on the quiet biting attack evoked by hypothalamic stimulation was investigated. Simultaneous activation of the hypothalamus and of the s. nigra determined a significant increase of the biting latency or in some case the disappearance of the attack pattern. The inhibitory role of the s. nigra on the quiet biting attack evoked by hypothalamic stimulation is discussed. PMID- 6542800 TI - Actin pools and actin microfilament organization in cultured human endothelial cells after exposure to thrombin. AB - Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in primary confluent cultures lost their normal polygonal shape and assumed a 'contracted' appearance as judged by phase contrast microscopy when exposed to highly purified bovine thrombin (2 N.I.H. u/ml). Total actin in thrombin-exposed cells did not differ from that of control cells, as measured by the deoxyribonuclease I inhibition assay. However, the monomeric actin pool (unpolymerized actin) in thrombin-treated HUVEC was c. 15% smaller (P less than 0.01) than in control HUVEC (in which it represented approximately 50% of total actin). Transmission electron microscopy showed that thrombin-stimulated HUVEC contained more and thicker bundles of filamentous actin than control cells. Polymerization of actin and reorganization of actin microfilaments may contribute to the shape changes of HUVEC induced by thrombin. PMID- 6542801 TI - Low-dose intravenous pepsin-treated gammaglobulin for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults. PMID- 6542802 TI - A comparison of saliva, plasma unconjugated and plasma total oestriol levels throughout normal pregnancy. AB - Saliva unconjugated, plasma unconjugated and plasma total oestriol (E3) levels were measured longitudinally, by radioimmunoassay, in 25 normal women from 13 weeks gestation until delivery. The increase in salivary unconjugated oestriol closely paralleled that of plasma unconjugated oestriol and to a lesser extent that of plasma total oestriol. In each patient the percentage value of salivary E3/plasma unconjugated E3 x 100 was virtually constant throughout pregnancy but this percentage varied from one patient to another (mean 14.4%). The overall correlation coefficient (r) for salivary and plasma unconjugated E3 was 0.90. The variability in salivary levels in samples collected at daily, hourly, 15 min and 5 min intervals (12.7, 13.4, 10.1 and 9.3%) was similar to that previously described for plasma unconjugated E3. There was no distinct pattern in diurnal variation. It seems probable that measurement of salivary E3 could adequately replace that of plasma unconjugated E3 in the assessment of fetoplacental function. PMID- 6542803 TI - [Incorporation of 1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine into human plasma lipoproteins in vitro. Effect of the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity of plasma]. AB - The binding of 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a platelet activating factor (PAF), to individual classes of human plasma lipoproteins was studied. It was found that PAF is rapidly incorporated into plasma lipoproteins. The degree of PAF binding to the lipoproteins depends on their type. Analysis of PAF binding in Scatchard plots revealed that HDL2 contain high affinity binding sites for PAF. On the other hand, LDL bind PAF in a nonspecific manner. Incubation of PAF with human plasma results in inhibition of lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)-catalyzed cholesterol esterification. On the contrary, prostaglandin E1 stimulates LCAT activity in human plasma. PAF and prostaglandin E1 do not compete with each other for the binding sites in HDL2. It is concluded that incorporation of PAF into plasma lipoproteins may influence the LCAT activity in vivo. PMID- 6542804 TI - Fetal adaptations to spontaneous hypoxemia and responses to maternal oxygen breathing. AB - Circulatory adaptations to spontaneous hypoxemia were assessed with the microsphere method at 119-123 days gestation in ovine fetuses who were subsequently found to be growth retarded. Combined ventricular output tended to be increased and it was redistributed so that oxygen delivery to the heart was increased by over 50%, oxygen delivery to the lung and placenta were decreased, and that to other organs, including the brain, were maintained. Maternal oxygen breathing for 1 h not only reversed these adaptations, but also produced an augmented lung blood flow. Umbilical blood flow was not affected. These findings have clinical implications for the growth-retarded fetus about to undergo the stress of labor. PMID- 6542805 TI - Effect of nocturnal intravenous cannulation upon sleep-EEG measures. AB - The effect of an indwelling intravenous cannula on sleep-EEG measures has not been extensively documented despite its relatively frequent use in a variety of clinical studies. When the sleep EEGs from 30 healthy subjects were critically examined, no changes in sleep architecture were found. However, there were significant differences in the distribution of sleep latency, maintenance, and efficiency, with many subjects showing a reduction in the latter two items on the night of cannulation. A decrease in sleep maintenance of greater than 7.5 on the night of cannulation has been used to operationally define an unsatisfactory cannulation study which accounted for 43% of our subjects. It was striking that this group could also be identified by having higher REM densities in each REM period on the previous two nights in the sleep laboratory. This was especially true for the second REM period on the second night when only three of those subjects with subsequent unsatisfactory studies had a REM density less than 0.9. When this criterion was applied to a new group of 19 subjects, 13 were correctly classified with respect to subsequent changes in sleep maintenance before the cannulation study was conducted. It therefore appears possible that REM-sleep measures can be used to predict which subjects will have disrupted sleep on a subsequent cannulation night. Since sleep disruption can significantly mask patterns of hormone secretion, it is essential to monitor the sleep-EEG during such studies. PMID- 6542806 TI - Cytosolic receptor for estradiol in the corpus luteum of the ewe: variation throughout the estrous cycle and distribution between large and small steroidogenic cell types. AB - This study was designed to: 1) determine the concentration of the cytosolic receptor for estradiol-17 beta (E2 receptor) in the ovine corpus luteum throughout the estrous cycle and 2) determine the contents of E2 receptor in large and small steroidogenic and nonsteroidogenic luteal cells. Our data confirm the existence of a saturable, high-affinity receptor specific for estrogen in the cytosol fraction of ovine corpus luteum. The concentration of E2 receptor was assessed in corpora lutea collected at Days 4, 6, 8, 12 and 16 postestrus; it was lowest at Day 4 (6.9 +/- 0.5 fmol/mg protein) and maximal (19.0 +/- 2.8 fmol/mg protein) at Day 8 (P less than 0.05). The concentration was decreased somewhat at Day 12 (11.8 +/- 3.1 fmol/mg protein), but was higher again at Day 16 (18.0 +/- 4.6 fmol/mg protein). The affinity constants were not different between Days 5 and 15 (P less than 0.3). The large steroidogenic cells contained a 3.5X higher concentration of cytosolic E2 receptor than did the small steroidogenic cells at Day 10 (27.7 +/- 5.8 vs. 7.9 +/- 4.0 fmol/mg protein; P less than 0.05). There was no apparent difference between the affinity constants of the E2 receptor in large and small cells. The differences in concentration of cytosolic E2 receptor throughout the estrous cycle and the higher concentrations of the E2 receptor in the large steroidogenic cells suggests that estradiol may play a role in regulating luteal function. PMID- 6542807 TI - Effects of ketamine on experimental animal models of aggression. AB - The dose-response effects of ketamine, an intravenous anesthetic with psychotomimetic properties which is a ketone derivative of phencyclidine, were evaluated in several experimental animal models of aggression. Low doses of ketamine (3 and 5 mg/kg) administered intraperitoneally showed a tendency to increase aggressiveness in REM sleep-deprived, food-deprived + apomorphine (20 mg/kg) pretreated rats, and in socially isolated mice. Ketamine (10 mg/kg) blocked aggressive behavior in food-deprived, apomorphine-pretreated rats probably because of locomotor activity impairment. Ketamine (3, 5 or 10 mg/kg) did not induce mouse-killing behavior in non-muricide rats. However, ketamine inhibited predatory aggression of muricide rats at a dose which did not affect ambulation (3 mg/kg). These data show that ketamine, like phencyclidine, has different effects on aggressive behavior which depend on the experimental model used. PMID- 6542808 TI - Effects of carbamazepine or imipramine alone or in association with amphetamine on the fighting time of REM sleep-deprived rats. AB - The fighting time of REM sleep-deprived rats was measured after both acute and long-term intraperitoneal treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) or imipramine (IMI) alone or associated with amphetamine. Fighting time was increased by the lower doses of CBZ (5-20 mg/kg) or IMI (0.5-2 mg/kg) administered acutely. At the highest dose tested, CBZ (40 mg/kg) was not significantly different from the control value, and the fighting time observed after 4 mg/kg IMI was less than that observed with 2 mg/kg. Amphetamine (2 mg/kg) alone increased the fighting time and this effect was not modified by association with 5-40 mg/kg CBZ or 0.5-4 mg/kg IMI. Long-term treatment (14 days) with CBZ (20 mg kg-1 day-1) or IMI (2 mg kg-1 day-1) significantly reduced fighting time in contrast to the increase observed with a single acute treatment at the same dose. The fighting time of rats acutely treated with amphetamine (2 mg/kg) was significantly but not completely reduced by previous long-term pretreatment with CBZ, whereas IMI pretreatment had no effect. The differences between the effects of acute and long term treatment with CBZ cannot be explained by the development of metabolic tolerance, since serum CBZ levels were the same in both situations. PMID- 6542810 TI - Policy options on child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6542809 TI - GABAergic mechanisms in mediating muscular rigidity, catalepsy and postural asymmetry in rats: differences between dorsal and ventral striatum. AB - In rats, the GABAergic agonist muscimol was injected unilaterally either into the mid ventroposterior striatum (ventral striatum) or into the mid dorsoposterior striatum (dorsal striatum), and the following parameters were estimated: (1) a tonic activity in the electromyogram (EMG) recorded from the gastrocnemius-soleus (GS) muscle, which appears to reflect a muscular rigidity; (2) catalepsy, and (3) asymmetries in posture. Injection of muscimol (25 or 50 ng) into the ventral striatum produced tonic EMG activity, catalepsy and ipsiversive posture; these signs were much less pronounced or not observed after injections into the dorsal striatum. Co-administration of bicuculline (500 ng) into the ventral striatum, or simultaneous injection of muscimol (25 ng) into the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR), antagonized both the tonic EMG activity and the catalepsy produced by injection of 50 ng muscimol into the ventral striatum. These results seem to support the assumption that all 3 symptoms mentioned can be produced by an inhibition of striatonigral GABAergic neurones. These symptoms are probably due to a disinhibition of nigrofugal neurones, originating in the SNR. PMID- 6542811 TI - Neglected fathers: limitations in diagnostic and treatment resources for violent men. AB - In its examination of violent activity within the family, current literature assumes a "pecking order" exists: Larger and stronger family members attack those who are smaller and weaker. Adult males are usually studied as primary maltreaters of spouses, while females are considered mainly responsible for physically abusive behavior with children. Use of this perspective has led to neglect of male abusers, who injure half of the mistreated children in the United States. Through assessment of 66 studies of child abuse published during a 5-year period, this paper documents the lack of attention abusive fathers have received. Twenty-eight of these studies included only mothers, while two dealt exclusively with fathers. Most of the 36 remaining two-parent studies did not discuss sex differences. No diagnostic categories consistently differentiated male from female abusers. No study discussed specialized treatment needs of women and men. This survey suggests that the therapeutic field considers the child's mother the primary responsible parent, even though she may not be the perpetrator of violence in the family. As a result, inadequate treatment resources have been made available to maltreating fathers. The survey points to the need for much more comprehensive research comparing male and female maltreaters. PMID- 6542812 TI - Prediction of child abuse: a prospective study of feasibility. AB - Feasibility of identifying risk for child abuse prospectively was determined by interviewing 1400 expectant mothers and predicting that 273 were high risk. Nonaccidental child injuries were subsequently reported to authorities for 6% of these versus 1% of the remaining 1127 families. Prediction was only effective for 24 months following interview. Thus prenatal prediction was feasible although the rate of false positive high risk assignment would limit practical application of the interview we used. As a first step to improve prediction accuracy, a group of the 20 strongest predictors was selected from the interview by regression analysis. The correlation of these with abuse was .44 compared to .15 for the original interview. Important predictors included subjective impressions of interviewers, residency transience, untruthfulness, disturbed childhood nurture, unwanted pregnancy, and perhaps conditions that increased parent-child exposure. PMID- 6542813 TI - Disentangling life events, stress and social support: implications for the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect. AB - There is a growing body of literature linking stress and child abuse and neglect, but the relationship is not unambiguously supported by empirical data. Two considerations regarding Garbarino's ecological model of child abuse and neglect may explain this research problem. First, any of the predisposing factors, which are grouped into four levels called individual, familial, social, and cultural, may either positively or negatively affect the potential for child abuse and neglect depending upon the quality of social networks and social supports available to families. Second, these factors operate most importantly, not between the perception of stress and the act of abuse or neglect, but through the interpretation of whether a given life event is stressful or not. This clarification of the ecological model points the way to redefining interventions for the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect. Existing support systems can be strengthened in order to increase a family's ability to cope with untoward events before these become stressful. In addition, advocacy activities which support children and families in general can be major components in the primary prevention of child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6542814 TI - Psychopathology of the physically abusing parent: a comparison with the borderline syndrome. AB - This article compares the psychopathology of the physically abusing parent and that of the borderline patient in four specific areas: common personality characteristics; personal history; psychopathology; and psychodynamics of the abusive act. The first major personality characteristic is the umbrella characteristic of arrested emotional development, the other four characteristics are: poor self image, emotionally isolated, depressive loneliness and poorly suppressed aggression. These correlate with the four major characteristics of the core borderline personality. The personal history for both abusing parents and borderline patients indicate maternal deprivation in preverbal development. The abusing parent's psychopathology is very similar to that of the borderline patient. They both have poor ego strength, a punitive superego and use primitive ego-defenses of denial, splitting and projection. The act of abuse is related to these ego defects but in particular projective identification plays a major role. Further research is indicated and tentative implications are made as regards psychodynamically oriented treatment. PMID- 6542815 TI - Sibling interaction: evidence of a generational effect in maltreating infants. AB - Theorists have long assumed that an individual's style of child-rearing was based, in large part, on his or her parents' style of parenting. The strongest evidence of such a generational effect comes from retrospective studies of disturbed adults. The present study is an attempt to provide some prospective evidence. Infants, aged 6 to 11 months, were videotaped interacting with their mother, with a sibling, and with a second adult. At each sibling age (from 2 to 10 years) one abused, one neglected, one problematic, and one normally reared infant was seen. The adult/sibling patterns of interaction were coded as abusive, neglecting, inept, or sensitive. Infant patterns were difficult, passive, and cooperative. Siblings were found to interact with the infant in a manner similar to that of their mothers suggesting that they had learned their style of interaction from their mothers. Although adequately reared siblings increased in sensitivity with age, maltreated siblings did not. The possibility that infant temperament had influenced both the mothers' and the siblings' style of interaction (and, therefore, accounted for their similarity) was tested using a second adult interactant. Adults were found to influence infants more than the reverse. These data provide evidence of a generational effect in the learning of parenting styles appearing as early as the third year of life. Moreover, they suggest that the effect is not attributable to infant temperament. PMID- 6542816 TI - Similarities and differences between nonorganic failure to thrive and deprivation dwarfism. AB - Although the terms, nonorganic failure to thrive and deprivation dwarfism, are sometimes used interchangeably, and while the family pathology is similar in both conditions, the clinical features differ. The majority of children with nonorganic failure to thrive are under 2 years and often 18 months of age. Weight loss is the most marked feature and they are often withdrawn and apathetic. In contrast, the documented ages of children with deprivation dwarfism range from 2 to 15 years although the history may reveal earlier feeding and behavior problems. Short stature is the most striking feature, their weight often being in proportion to their height. They may steal and hoard food and have bizarre eating habits. In some cases reversible hypopituitarism has been documented. It is suggested that deprivation dwarfism constitutes a subgroup within the nonorganic failure to thrive syndrome. Management in both conditions is similar. It should emphasize a practical, supportive approach and be on a long-term basis. PMID- 6542817 TI - Locus of control, persistence, and use of contingency information in physically abused children. AB - Abused children are believed to develop in a harsh environment with minimal contingency of parental responses to their behavior. Seligman proposed that noncontingent caregiving produces helplessness. In this study, helplessness was assessed by measures of persistence and locus of control and by an experimental manipulation which varied contingency feedback. Compared to matched nonabused peers, abused children showed no less persistence in working for rewards, made equivalent use of contingency information to maintain persistence, and assumed equivalent responsibility for success. However, they took less responsibility for failure. Family learning history may render abused children helpless primarily in avoidance of aversive outcomes. PMID- 6542818 TI - Abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated preschoolers' ability to discriminate emotions in others: the effects of IQ. AB - Sixty children between the ages of 3 and 5 participated in this study of children's ability to discriminate emotions in others. Twelve children were identified as neglected, and eight were identified as abused. Two additional groups of nonmaltreated children included one comparable on IQ and one with significantly higher intelligence. All children were given three tests: The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Borke Interpersonal Awareness Test and the Rothenberg Social Sensitivity Test. The results showed that normal children with the higher IQ were significantly better able to identify and discriminate other people's emotions from picture stories than were the other groups of children, who were not different from one another on any of the measures. Furthermore, when IQ was covaried in the ANOVAS, all group-differences disappeared. It was suggested that previous studies demonstrating inferior performance on measures of social cognition by maltreated children may have been due to the failure to control for IQ. PMID- 6542819 TI - Is the child victim of sexual abuse telling the truth? AB - In order to adequately investigate an allegation of sexual abuse, professionals must both understand the motives of the victim, perpetrator, and victim's mother (in incest cases) to lie or tell the truth and possess the techniques for examining the child's story. Children almost never make up stories about being sexually abused. In fact victims are often revictimized in multiple ways for truthfully asserting they have been sexually abused. Perpetrators usually deny their abusive behavior. Mothers may also have reasons for not acknowledging the sexual abuse. Within this larger framework, the evaluator should systematically explore the allegation in order to assure the story is true. First, in examining the story, the evaluator looks for a detailed description of events surrounding the sexual abuse, explicit information about sexual behavior told from a child's viewpoint, and an emotional response consistent with their statement. Second, the evaluator buttresses the information with other data: statements the child has made to other people about the sexual abuse; sexual content in the child's play, picture drawing or story telling; sexual behavior on the child's part; sexual knowledge beyond what one would expect for the child's age; and symptomatic behavior indicative of stress. PMID- 6542820 TI - Child pornography: a hidden dimension of child abuse. AB - In the decade of the 70s, much was learned about abused and neglected children and their families. Public outcry demanded action at the state, regional and national level hoping that the effort would generate more effective methods of identification, intervention and treatment. Consequently, researchers and theoreticians initiated efforts that were aimed at providing a better understanding of why some parents abuse or neglect their children while others do not. In spite of all the energy and time, one form of child abuse continues to flourish relatively unnoticed--child pornography, or as it is more commonly known in the trade, "kiddie" or "chicken" porn. Because of the dearth of information about the subject, this paper addresses five key issues: Who are the children who become the young stars of pornographic films? How many children are estimated to be involved in this activity? What are the presumed effects of such involvement on children? Legal issues related to the control of the pornographic industry; and What is the challenge to social work and other helping professionals? PMID- 6542822 TI - Project 12-ways: measuring outcome of a large in-home service for treatment and prevention of child abuse and neglect. AB - Described here is Project 12-Ways, a large service project employing an ecobehavioral approach to the treatment and prevention of child abuse and neglect. By ecobehavioral it is meant that multifaceted in-home services are provided to clients, and that in-home data are collected on as many variables related to these services as possible. Four levels of research, data collection, and assessment are used to evaluate these services: Included here is a discussion of these levels of assessment. They are: data collected for clinical purposes; data from single-case experiments; research through the use of single-subject design logic applied to several subjects or groups of subjects, or by group statistical research designs; and program evaluation. The particular focus here is the program evaluation data which compare incidents of abuse and neglect during and after treatment between 50 families served by Project 12-Ways and 47 comparison protective service families. The data showed significantly fewer combined abuse and neglect incidents among the families served by Project 12 Ways. Suggestions for additional program evaluation data are provided along with a discussion of the limitations of the current analysis. PMID- 6542821 TI - A psychoeducational program dealing with child abuse for elementary school children. AB - This paper reports the outcome of an attempt to teach children in grades 5 and 6 about child abuse and neglect. The Child Abuse Component of the Human Relations Program described and evaluated here is a unique effort to provide children with an opportunity to discuss and learn about this aspect of family violence. An impact assessment was conducted by documenting possible changes in student knowledge and attitudes regarding child abuse as a result of exposure to the Child Abuse Component of the Human Relations Program. The test group of children consisted of 315 boys and girls in grades 5 and 6. A comparison group of 298 children was closely matched with the test group on the basis of age and sex. These groups were formed by randomly selecting 12 teachers from all teachers agreeing to use the Component and 10 teachers choosing not to employ the Component. The students in the classrooms of these teachers received the same curriculum for their grade level with the exception of the field-test group additionally receiving the Component. Selected child abuse knowledge, attitude, and personality (security) measures were given all subjects in a post-test with comparison group research design. Teacher knowledge and attitude were also assessed. The results of the data analysis, teacher, and special observer reports suggest that the Component was effective in meeting its objectives and was not disturbing to test subjects. Apparently, the test children profited by experiencing the Component mainly because of the opportunity it provided for class discussion. Moreover, the knowledge levels and interest of the children in both groups was seriously underestimated. PMID- 6542823 TI - The social and educational adjustment of abused children. AB - Thirteen 6-year-old children who had been physically abused by their parents were assessed in school for language development, educational attainments and social adjustment, and compared with children from some of the same school classes who served as a comparison group. All the abused children had attended the Family Centre of the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) in Manchester before starting school, and they and their parents had received social work support and supervision from the special unit team. Ten of the 13 abused children had made measurable progress in reading. There were no significant differences between the groups in language development or number skills, but the abused group did contain more high (maladjusted) scores on the Bristol Social Adjustment Guide. Monitoring educational progress and social adjustment in school would seem to be a useful method of following the progress of such children. Most of the children in this group are so far making progress within the ordinary school system despite the disturbances which have affected their home life. PMID- 6542824 TI - A training technique for improving the parent-child interaction skills of an abusive-neglectful mother. AB - Several recent investigations have shown that abusive and neglectful parents exhibit deficits in skills for interacting with their children. In the current study, an inattentive and neglectful parent was taught to provide positive verbal and physical attention towards her 4-year-old child. Training was accomplished using a "bug-in-the-ear" microphone device while the parent interacted with her child in a clinic playroom. After use of the device was discontinued, the parent continued to use the newly trained skills at rates higher than during baseline. Four month follow-up and at home observations were suggestive of skill maintenance. Training of this kind may prove useful for parents who lack skills for effective interaction with their children. PMID- 6542825 TI - The health care of working children. PMID- 6542826 TI - Influence of hydrolysis products of aqua(1,1 bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane)sulfatoplatinum(II) on toxicity in rats. AB - Aqueous solutions of the cisplatin analog aqua(1,1-bis(aminomethyl) cyclohexane)sulfatoplatinum(II) (TNO-6, spiroplatin) principally contain hydrolyzed and oligomerized molecules. Sodium sulfate reduces the hydrolysis of the sulfato ligand. We investigated the influence of the equilibrium state on nephrotoxicity of spiroplatin in rats receiving 3 doses of 3 mg/kg with an interval of 8 days. Rats (n = 6) treated with spiroplatin solubilized in isoosmotic sodium sulfate (impaired hydrolysis) showed less toxicity as measured by proteinuria, platinum excretion and body weight, than the group treated with spiroplatin solubilized in 5% glucose. This result indicates that the presence of hydrolysis products plays a role in the toxicity of spiroplatin. PMID- 6542827 TI - Reactivation of NBD-phallacidin-labelled actomyosin fibrils in cryosections of Physarum polycephalum: a new cell-free model. AB - Application of ATP to cryosections of plasmodial strands from Physarum polycephalum leads to an isotonic contraction of the cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils: when the fibrils are labelled with NBD-phallacidin, their contraction can be observed in the fluorescence microscope. While performing contraction, the fibrils separate into many small units and the formerly continuous fibrils exhibit the appearance of beaded chains. The possibility of visualizing directly the contraction of cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils in the fluorescence microscope represents a favourable condition for the study of their physiological contraction mechanism, because this new and convenient cell-free model offers in situ contractile structures that are non-denatured and non-extracted. PMID- 6542828 TI - High cytotoxicity and membrane permeability of Et3Pb+ in mammalian and plant cells. AB - Cells of mammalian origin as well as those of higher plants appear to be very sensitive to triethyllead ion (Et3Pb+). Neuroblastoma cells kept in the presence of 1 microM Et3Pb+ lost their viability within 6 h. Growth of suspension culture cells of soybean (G. max(L.)Merr.) was inhibited by 1 microM Et3Pb+, and finally the cells died. Morphologically, Et3Pb+ caused the complete breakdown of microtubular structures in neuroblastoma cells; thus microtubules appeared to be the main target for the toxin. While in a previous study the effect of Et3Pb+ on microtubules has been well documented at concentrations of 50-200 microM 1, the present study demonstrates that the formation of microtubules from pig brain tubulin is disturbed at concentrations of Et3Pb+ as low as 0.5 to 1 microM. We conclude from these data that Et3Pb+ freely permeates the plasma membranes of mammalian as well as plant cells. PMID- 6542829 TI - [A method for isolating helminth eggs from soil]. PMID- 6542830 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy observations on Enterobius vermicularis ova]. PMID- 6542831 TI - [A family of Lindau disease with hemangioblastoma of the spinal cord]. PMID- 6542832 TI - Water diuretic effect of intravenously administered 9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9 methylene-PGE2 in conscious man. AB - The stable prostaglandin analogue 9-deoxo-16, 16-dimethyl-9-methylene-PGE2 (9 methylene-PGE2) was infused intravenously (0.5 ml/min) in the dosage of 20 micrograms/min for 2 h in conscious euhydrated man. The administration of 9 methylene-PGE2 rapidly induced an increase in urine flow (from 1.2 +/- 0.07 to 5.35 +/- 1.07 ml/min) concomitantly with a decrease in urine osmolality (from 827 +/- 40 to 193 +/- 44 mOsm/kg). Parallel to this tubular reabsorption of sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg3+) increased and that of potassium (K+) decreased as shown by a reduction in the clearance for respective ion divided by the clearance of inulin. Apparently the water diuresis was mediated by an inhibition of arginine vasopressin's (AVP) antidiuretic effect. The mechanism behind the increase in renal tubular reabsorbtion of Na+ could possibly be a 9 methylene-PGE2 mediated modulation of the renal aldosterone effect. However the protocol followed did not provide any evidence for this, or any other explanation of the observed renal retention of Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+. The results reported here indicate that 9-methylene-PGE2 may have a future use as a water diuretic agent in patients suffering from water retention and dilutional hyponatraemia such as seen in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (AVP) release commonly known as SIADH or Schwartz-Bartter's Syndrome. PMID- 6542833 TI - Endocrine and metabolic responses after standardized moderate surgical trauma: influence of age and sex. AB - The endocrine and metabolic responses to elective cholecystectomy and the influence of age and sex on this stress response were investigated in 21 patients, eight men and 13 women. The patients were divided into two groups, older (n=10) and younger (n=11) than 55 years respectively. Arterial plasma concentrations of catecholamines, cortisol and free fatty acids as well as serum insulin and arterial blood concentrations of glucose, lactate, glycerol, alanine and 3-hydroxybutyrate were measured preoperatively and 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after the start of surgery. Oxygen uptake and CO2 production were measured and respiratory quotient (RQ) was calculated. All hormones and metabolites except insulin and alanine were significantly elevated immediately after surgery. At 24 h plasma noradrenaline and blood glucose were still significantly increased. Serum insulin was increased at 24 and 48 h. Oxygen uptake and plasma cortisol were significantly elevated throughout the period studied and blood alanine was decreased from 2 to 72 h after surgery. The older group showed a significantly higher increase in noradrenaline and lactate, whereas women preoperatively as well as postoperatively had higher glycerol levels. At the end of the period studied women had higher FFA-levels. We conclude that cholecystectomy evokes a significant endocrine and metabolic response and that some of the variables studied are still significantly altered up to 4 days postoperatively. The influence of age and sex on this stress response is of minor importance. PMID- 6542834 TI - Influence of glucose and fructose ingestion on the capacity for long-term exercise in well-trained men. AB - The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of glucose and fructose ingestion on the capacity to perform prolonged heavy exercise. Eight well-trained healthy volunteers exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 68 +/- 3% of their VO2 max until exhaustion, on three occasions, with 8-day intervals. During the exercise they ingested either glucose (250 ml, 7%), fructose (250 ml, 7%) or water (250 ml) every 20 min in a double-blind randomized study design. Arterial blood samples were collected at rest and during exercise for the determination of substrates and hormones. Muscle glycogen content (m. quadriceps femoris) was measured before and after exercise. The duration of exercise lengthened with repeated exercise (3rd test: 136 +/- 13 min v. 1st test: 110 +/- 12 min, P less than 0.01). Corrected for the sequence effect, total work time until exhaustion was significantly longer with glucose (137 +/- 13 min) than with either fructose (114 +/- 12 min) or water (116 +/- 13 min) (both P less than 0.01). When glucose or fructose was ingested, the arterial plasma glucose concentration was maintained at the normoglycaemic level; with water ingestion, plasma glucose values fell during exercise in seven subjects and remained at the resting level in the eighth subject. The muscle glycogen concentration was 467 +/- 29 mmol kg d.w.-1 at rest and fell to approximately half the initial value at exhaustion. In the subgroup of seven subjects in whom glucose values decreased with water intake, the mean rate of glycogen degradation was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) with the ingestion of glucose (1.3 +/- 0.4 mmol kg d.w.-1 min-1) as compared to fructose (2.1 +/- 0.5 mmol kg d.w.-1 min-1) or water (2.3 +/- 0.5 mmol kg d.w.-1 min-1). Intermittent glucose ingestion (3 X 17.5 g h-1) during prolonged, heavy bicycle exercise postpones exhaustion and exerts a glycogen conserving effect in the working muscles. In contrast, fructose ingestion during exercise maintains the glucose concentration at the basal level but fails to influence either muscle glycogen degradation or endurance performance. PMID- 6542835 TI - Effects of glucose on alanine-derived urea synthesis. AB - The effect of glucose on alanine-stimulated urea synthesis was studied in six healthy volunteers during 6 h of constant alanine infusion, 2.8 mmol h-1 kg-1 b. wht., and during 12 h of constant glucose infusion, 4.0 mmol h-1 kg-1 b. wht., with superimposed alanine infusion. The urea nitrogen synthesis rate (UNSR) was determined at intervals of 2 h as urinary excretion rate corrected for accumulation and intestinal hydrolysis. UNSR depended on the blood alanine and glucagon concentration, but was not correlated with glucose, lactate, or insulin concentrations. The slope of the linear relation between UNSR and alanine concentration (the 'Functional Hepatic Nitrogen Clearance') was on the average 24.4 1 h-1 and decreased to 12.8 1 h-1 by glucose (mean difference +/- SE of the difference 10.6 +/- 7.3, P less than 0.01). The relation between glucagon and alanine concentration was linear, and the slope was decreased to 40 per cent by glucose (P less than 0.05). The slope of the linear relation between UNSR and glucagon was not changed by glucose. Thus the catabolism of alanine nitrogen is decreased by glucose because of a reduction of the urea synthesis. Data suggest that this may be due to a depression of the glucagon response to alanine. PMID- 6542837 TI - Gandhi: the nonviolent road to spelling reform? PMID- 6542836 TI - Cardiovascular effects of haemorrhagic shock in spleen intact and in splenectomized dogs. AB - Cardiac performance was evaluated during haemorrhagic shock in 27 dogs with spleens intact, 24 splenectomized, and 23 splenectomized transfused dogs that were given a volume of packed red blood cells simulating splenic contraction. Contractile changes were evaluated by calculating dP/dt at 20 mmHg developed pressure (dP/dt DP20), and by relating stroke work to left ventricular end diastolic volume measured by biplane cinefluorography. Although heart rate increased comparably during early shock, cardiac output, stroke volume, maximal dP/dt, dP/dt DP20, and arterial blood pressure decreased more in splenectomized and splenectomized transfused dogs than in those with spleens intact. During shock dP/dt DP20 was more depressed in the splenectomized and splenectomized transfused dogs than in those with spleens intact. In addition, an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume was accompanied by an increase in left ventricular stroke work in dogs with spleens intact. In contrast, stroke work remained depressed in both splenectomized groups despite increased left ventricular volume. Progressive acidosis and decreased left ventricular blood flow were similar in all dogs during haemorrhage. The greater reduction in left ventricular performance during haemorrhagic shock in the splenectomized and splenectomized transfused dogs was not related to excess lactate, changes in plasma volume, or red blood cell mass. Decreased left ventricular performance, despite improved ventricular filling, indicates greater cardiac dysfunction during haemorrhagic shock. This study suggests that, in dogs, the spleen maintains left ventricular performance during haemorrhage by mechanisms other than autotransfusion. PMID- 6542838 TI - The biology of cerebral dominance: implications for cognition. PMID- 6542839 TI - Multiple perspectives on modularity. PMID- 6542840 TI - More functionally isolable subsystems but fewer "modules"? PMID- 6542841 TI - Models and modules. PMID- 6542842 TI - A psychological approach to concepts: comments on Rey's "Concepts and stereotypes". PMID- 6542843 TI - Caution--the words you use may affect what you say: a response to Au. PMID- 6542844 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis in adults. PMID- 6542845 TI - Blueberry muffin syndrome: cutaneous erythropoiesis and possible intrauterine viral infection. AB - A newborn baby with generalized "blueberry muffin" eruption and histologic evidence of dermal erythropoiesis is described. This case is unusual in that we could not identify any of the congenital viral infections usually associated with this syndrome. The clinical features of dermal erythropoiesis and dermal hematopoiesis are reviewed briefly. PMID- 6542846 TI - Moxalactam as an alternative to gentamicin in the treatment of clinically infected neonates. PMID- 6542847 TI - Effect of preventive phenobarbital treatment on the duration of phototherapy in low birth weight icteric twins. PMID- 6542848 TI - [Reaction of the submandibular salivary glands to exposure to a fractionated extract of mouse submandibular salivary glands (2)]. PMID- 6542849 TI - [Trial of onager oil in the treatment of schizophrenia in connection with the prostaglandin deficiency hypothesis]. AB - Ten schizophrenic patients were treated with onager oil. It was hypothesized that E1 prostaglandin deficiency underlies the different biological disorders of schizophrenia. The clinical and biological results were disappointing. However the fact that the patients had been severely ill for a long time might have to be taken into account. Moreover, the blood level of gamma-linolenic acid was normal, at the start, in all the patients. PMID- 6542850 TI - Subpopulations of luteinizing hormone (LH) possessing various ratios of bioactivity to immunoreactivity in the female rat pituitary glands and their changes during the estrous cycle. AB - Twenty-four adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 from each of 8 litters), showing 4-day cycles, were used in the present study. Aqueous extracts of pools of 6 pituitary glands in each cycle date were fractionated with a column isoelectrofocusing (IEF) technique, pH range of 3.5-10. Biological and immunological LH activities were determined by an in vitro bioassay and a radioimmunoassay, respectively, in the original aqueous extracts of the pituitary glands and in the fractions separated by IEF. Pituitary content of LH was the highest in the proestrus before the preovulatory LH surge (1243.7 +/- 67.8 micrograms NIAMDD rat LH-RP-1/pituitary gland for the biological activity). In the estrus, after the LH surge, it was reduced to 688.9 +/- 51.2 micrograms/pituitary gland. The decreased pituitary content was recovered to the level in the proestrus during the metestrus and the diestrus (1047.0 +/- 53.8 and 1173.0 +/- 58.5 micrograms/pituitary gland, respectively). Rat LH in the pituitary aqueous extracts was separated into multiple subpopulations in terms of pI values by IEF; i.e. Subpopulations A (pI = 10.3), B (9.3), C (9.0), D (8.7), E (8.3), F (neutral LH), and G (acidic LH). Among them the most predominant one was Subpopulation A throughout the estrous cycle. Subpopulations A, B and C exhibited statistically significant cyclic changes as was observed in the pituitary LH content, whereas the remaining ones stayed at constant levels during the cycle. The highest ratio of biological to immunological LH activities (B/I ratio) was obtained in Subpopulation A (6.41), followed by G, C and B (5.15, 4.24 and 3.99, respectively). Depressed B/I ratios were revealed in D, E and F (2.59, 1.86 and 3.07, respectively). High alkaline LH subpopulations, i.e. A, B and C, preserving high biological potency and showing cyclic changes during the estrous cycle, seem to be the releasable types of the hormone and to be mainly discharged for the preovulatory LH surge. Although characteristic features of other types of the hormone are not known, it is possible that one of them, presumably the acidic LH, might be the newly-synthesized type of the hormone, which might attain releasability by certain molecular modifications involving a shift in the pI value. PMID- 6542851 TI - Dependence of conduction velocity on spike interval during voluntary muscular contraction in human motor units. AB - The dependence of the conduction velocity of the action potential on the spike interval from a preceding potential was studied using human single motor units during voluntary muscle contraction. The spike potential was recorded from the surface of the skin overlying M. vastus medialis by use of surface electrodes (diameter 5 mm). The results were as follows: Conduction velocity increased with a decrease in spike interval. The relation between conduction velocity and spike interval can be expressed as log v = kt + a, where v is conduction velocity (m X s-1), t is spike interval (ms) and k and a are constants. All data can be expressed by the above formula with a highly significant correlation. After arterial occlusion, there was little or no relation between conduction velocity and spike interval. This lack of correlation between these parameters was not restored to the initial correlation within a period of 15 min. Effects similar to occlusion could be seen in the result of prolonged isometric contraction. However the lack of correlation between these parameters was restored to the initial correlation within a 15 min recovery period. At low muscular temperature, the relation could not be described by a logarithmic regression. As the spike interval became shorter, the conduction velocity decreased. After cessation of cooling, the relation was restored to the initial correlation within 30 min. The mechanisms of these changes are still uncertain but some possible factors can be considered, for example, composition of the extracellular fluid, pH, temperature and permiability of the excitable membranes of the muscle. PMID- 6542852 TI - Effect of exercise duration during incremental exercise on the determination of anaerobic threshold and the onset of blood lactate accumulation. AB - To determine the effect of the duration of incremental exercise on the point at which arterial blood lactate concentration (HLa) increases above the resting value (anaerobic threshold: AT) and on the point at which HLa reaches a constant value of 4 mM (onset of blood lactate accumulation: OBLA), eight male students performed two different kinds of incremental exercise. A comparison of arterial HLa and venous HLa was made under both conditions of incremental exercise. The incremental bicycle exercise tests consisted of 25 W increase every minute (1-min test) and every 4 min (4-min test). At maximal exercise, there were no significant differences in either gas exchange parameters or HLa values for the two kinds of incremental exercise. However, the peak workloads attained during the two exercises were significantly different (P less than 0.01). At OBLA and AT, there were no significant differences in gas exchange parameters during the 1 min and 4-min tests except for the workload (at OBLA P less than 0.01; at AT P less than 0.05). When venous blood HLa was used instead of arterial HLa for a 4 min test, AT was not significantly different from that obtained by arterial HLa, but OBLA was significantly different from that obtained by arterial HLa (P less than 0.05). On the other hand, for the 1-min test, venous HLa values yielded significantly higher AT and OBLA compared with those obtained using arterial HLa (P less than 0.01). It was concluded that when arterial blood was used, there was no effect of duration of workload increase in an incremental exercise test on the determination of the AT and OBLA expressed in VO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542853 TI - Effect of dietary modifications on lactate threshold and onset of blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise. AB - To assess the effect of dietary change on (1) the point at which arterial blood lactate concentration (HLa) increases above the resting value (lactate threshold) and (2) the fixed point corresponding to 4 mM of HLa (onset of blood lactate accumulation; OBLA), five healthy male subjects were put on a mixed diet for 3 days, followed by 4 days of a low carbohydrate diet (a low CHO diet), and then 3 days of a high carbohydrate diet (a high CHO diet). Following each type of diet, the subjects performed a progressive bicycle exercise test, during which concentrations of HLa, pyruvate, FFA, and glucose were analyzed from serial samples of arterial blood, and VO2 was obtained by the Douglas bag method. The results of this study are as follows: FFA was significantly lower, while pyruvate was significantly higher at rest after a high CHO diet than after a low CHO diet (P less than 0.05). These differences continued throughout the incremental exercise, which indicates the incremental contribution of CHO to metabolism after a high CHO diet and vice versa. There was no significant difference in lactate threshold expressed in VO2 among the three conditions. VO2 obtained at OBLA was significantly lower after a high CHO diet than after a low CHO diet (P less than 0.01). It was concluded that the dietary modifications used in this study had no influence on lactate threshold but did affect the point of OBLA. Therefore, dietary conditions should be considered when OBLA is determined using a fixed 4 mM HLa method. PMID- 6542854 TI - Relationship between EEG amplitude and subjective rating of task strain during performance of a calculating task. AB - With the use of a calculating work tester, a paced calculating task consisting of addition or subtraction of two 2-digit numbers was imposed for five minutes at each of eight grades of workload upon 24 healthy male students. The subject's scalp EEG was recorded for 10 s at the occipital midline (Oz) during rest and task performance, and the average amplitude was obtained for each of the five spectral bands. The subjective rating of the hardness of each task was adopted as a subjective measure of mental task strain. The logarithm of percentage of errors, the amplitudes of the alpha, beta 1, and beta 2 bands and the subjective ratings of hardness of the task increased in linear proportion to the workloads of the task. The highest correlation was found between the subjective ratings and the percentage increases of the Oz beta 2 amplitude over the resting level. It was suggested that these two measures would be useful for the measurement of mental task strain. In addition, it was judged that workloads of more than 90% of capacity induce excessive mental task strain in the subject. PMID- 6542855 TI - Blood lactate and glycerol after 400-m and 3,000-m runs in sprint and long distance runners. AB - Lactate, glycerol, and catecholamine in the venous blood after 400-m and 3,000-m runs were determined in eight sprint runners, eight long distance runners, and seven untrained students. In 400-m sprinting, average values of velocity, peak blood lactate, and adrenaline were significantly higher in the sprint group than in the long distance and untrained groups. The mean velocity of 400-m sprinting was significantly correlated with peak blood lactate in the untrained (r = 0.76, P less than 0.05) and long distance (r = 0.71, P less than 0.05) groups, but not in the sprint group. In the 3,000-m run, on the other hand, average values of velocity and glycerol were significantly higher in the long distance group than in the sprint and untrained groups, but there are no significant differences in lactate levels between the three groups. These results suggest that 1) performance in 400-m sprinting may depend mainly upon an energy supply from glycolysis in the long distance and untrained group, but in the sprinters is influenced not only by glycolysis, but also by other factors such as content of ATP or force per unit muscle cross-sectional area; 2) peak blood lactate obtained after 400-m sprinting may be used as a useful indication of anaerobic work capacity in the long distance and untrained groups, but not in the sprinters. 3) high speed in the 3,000-m run could be maintained in the long distance runners by means of a greater energy supply from lipid metabolism as compared with sprinters or untrained subjects. PMID- 6542856 TI - Influence of skin temperature distribution on thermal sensation in a cool environment. AB - Thermal sensation and distribution of skin temperatures in persons exercising at 36.5 W on a bicycle ergometer and resting in a cool environment (10 degrees C) in two different clothings, one with the insulation mainly over the trunk (1.22 clo), and one with well insulated limbs (1.67 clo), were studied. Their general thermal sensations varied from slightly warm to slightly cool. The placing of the insulation had a decisive influence on skin temperature distribution, so that skin temperature was always high in well-insulated areas. When the insulation was placed over the limbs, a greater amount of heat was lost than if a similar insulation was placed on the trunk. Neither Tsk nor skin temperature distribution correlated with general thermal sensation. Instead, mean body temperature seemed to be the determinant of general thermal sensation in these conditions. The best prediction of general thermal sensation was obtained by adding Tre with a weighting factor of 0.8-0.9 and Tsk with a weighting factor of 0.1-0.2. PMID- 6542857 TI - Measurement of mean skin temperature of clothed persons in cool environments. AB - The precision with which mean skin temperature could be estimated from some few points on clothed persons in a cool environment was studied. The skin temperature data were obtained from experiments on 10 clothed persons who were resting and working at an environmental temperature of 10 degrees C. With these data, eleven calculation formulas in current use were compared to a "reference mean skin temperature" based on a weighting formula involving 13 local skin temperatures. It was concluded that no formula including less than seven points gave a reasonably accurate mean skin temperature in this cool environment. In addition, a stepwise correlation analysis involving linear regression was performed on the data. This gave 12 new calculation formulas, which were evaluated for accuracy in estimating mean skin temperature. Among these, a weighting formula involving only four local skin temperatures was selected to be recommended for use in field investigations: Tsk = 9.429 + 0.137 X Tforehead + 0.102 X Thand + 0.290 X Tlower back + 0.173 X Tlower leg. PMID- 6542858 TI - Dissociation between VO2max and ventilatory threshold responses to endurance training. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the ventilatory gas exchange threshold (Tvent) changes significantly during the first 1-3 weeks of endurance training. Six men were studied during 3 weeks of training, which consisted of pedaling on a cycle ergometer 6 d X wk 30 min per session at 70% of pretraining VO2max. At the end of each week, VO2max, Tvent, and maximal and submaximal heart rates were determined during an incremental exercise test on the cycle ergometer. Constant-load submaximal exercise blood lactate concentrations were determined during training sessions on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of each week of training. Tvent did not change significantly during the 3 weeks of training (+ 0.091 X min-1; P greater than 0.05). In contrast, significant changes occurred in all other training indexes measured. VO2max increased by 0.36 1 X min 1 (P less than 0.05) after just 2 weeks of training and did not change further after 3 weeks. Significant reductions (40-45%; P less than 0.05) in blood lactate levels during training sessions occurred by the middle of the 2nd week of training. Decreases in maximal (approximately 11 bt X min-1) and submaximal (approximately 14 bt X min-1) exercise heart rates after 1 week of training were significant (P less than 0.05). The results demonstrate that changes in Tvent lag behind alterations in several other cardiovascular and metabolic parameters in response to endurance training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542859 TI - Training effects on muscle fatigue in man. AB - Effects of 3 months training, on electrical and mechanical failures during fatigue, were studied in human adductor pollicis muscle. Eight subjects carried out a daily training program of 10 series of 20 fast (0.5 s) voluntary contractions, against a load equivalent to 30-40% of the muscle maximal force. Contractile properties in control and trained muscles are tested by delivering supramaximal electrical pulses (30 Hz) to the motor nerve, thereby triggering series of 60 1-s contractions separated by 1-s intervals. Training produces significant increase in tension development during a 30 Hz isometric tetanus (+ 13%; P less than 0.001). Concimitant rates of tension development and of relaxation are respectively augmented by + 18% (P less than 0.001) and + 12% (P less than 0.001). No significant change of surface muscle action potential (SAP) is observed after training. The considerable loss of force recorded during fatigue in control muscles (-36%) is significantly smaller (P less than 0.001) after training (-17%). Slowing of tension development and of tension relaxation, observed during fatigue in control muscles (respectively -47% and -79%) is smaller after training (respectively -28% and -65%). Analysis of electrical failure indicates that training significantly (P less than 0.01) reduces augmentation of muscle SAP duration and area recorded during fatigue. Comparison of time courses of mechanical and electrical failures in control and trained muscles, supports the idea that intracellular processes play the major role in tension decay associated with fatigue in human adductor pollicis muscle. PMID- 6542860 TI - Reproducibility of aerobic and anaerobic thresholds in 20-50 year old men. AB - The reproducibility of the aerobic (AerT) and the anaerobic (AnT) threshold was studied in 33 men aged 20-50 years. They completed two maximal exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer. The thresholds, as VO2 (1 X min-1), were determined visually by two investigators using both the blood lactate and the respiratory indices. The respiratory variables were measured with a computerized breath-by-breath method; samples of venous blood were drawn every 2nd min and analysed enzymatically for lactate. The reproducibility of the AerT (r = 0.94) and of the AnT (r = 0.96) were equally good. The AnT can be determined either from blood lactate concentrations (AnTLa) or from ventilatory and gas exchange response (AnTr) during a 2-min incremental exercise test. They both also showed similar reproducibility: r = 0.93 for the AnTLa and r = 0.95 for the AnTr. The work rate and the measured physiological variables at the AerT and AnT, except for the blood lactacte concentration, were very reproducible. Age did not affect the reproducibility of the thresholds. The poor reproducibility of blood lactate concentration of the AnT confirmed our previous opinion that the fixed blood lactate levels of 2 and 4 mmol X 1(-1) are poor indicators of AerT and AnT. PMID- 6542861 TI - Cardiovascular changes during whole body hyperthermia treatment of advanced malignancy. AB - Cardiovascular studies were carried out on patients subjected to whole body hyperthermia treatment for advanced malignancy in order to assess the magnitude of the changes occurring and the degree of strain imposed on the system. The subjects, who were anaesthetised with a nitrous oxide/oxygen and relaxant sequence, were heated in a modified Siemens hyperthermia cabin and maintained at a body temperature of 41.8 degrees C for 2 h. The results of 30 treatments are presented. Large increases in cardiac output and heart rate were accompanied by large decreases in peripheral resistance in both the systemic and pulmonary vascular beds. The pulmonary arterial pressure rose whereas that in the systemic circulation fell. This caused right ventricular work to increase proportionately more than left ventricular work. Care should be exercised when subjecting patients with limited right ventricular function to this treatment. PMID- 6542862 TI - Exercise in a cold environment after sleep deprivation. AB - Seven subjects exercised to thermal comfort in a cold environment (O degrees C, 2.5 m X s-1) after normal sleep (control) and following a 50-h period of sleep deprivation. Resting core temperature (rectal) taken before the subject entered the cold environment was significantly lower (-0.5 degrees C, P less than 0.05) following the 50-h period of wakefulness. However, rectal temperature was not different after 15 min of exercise during the two exposures, suggesting that the subjects stored heat more rapidly during the first 15 min of exercise after sleep deprivation. No significant differences in self-chosen exercise intensity, significant differences in self-chosen exercise intensity, heart rate, metabolic rate, or exercise time were evident between the control and sleep deprived exposures. Fifty hours of sleep deprivation failed to alter the core temperature response during exercise in severe cold stress, and subjects chose identical work rates to minimize fatigue and cold sensation. The results suggest that the 50-h sleep deprivation period was not a true physiological stress during exercise in a cold environment. (Supported by Contract #DAMD 17-81-C1023.) PMID- 6542863 TI - Accumulations of membrane-free clathrin-like lattices in the mosquito oocyte. AB - Mosquito oocytes assemble their protein yolk by internalizing extraovarian vitellogenin and therefore are highly specialized for receptor-mediated endocytosis. Large aggregates of filamentous material appear in the ooplasm during the previtellogenic development of endocytic organelles and consist of a meshwork of filamentous subunits and numerous membrane-free clathrin-like cages. The cages, 50 to 60 nm in diameter, are arranged in polyhedral lattices. The morphological characteristics of the aggregates strongly suggest that they represent accumulations of clathrin and possibly other proteins of the coat that are synthesized in large amounts prior to endocytic activity. PMID- 6542864 TI - Effect on heart rate over 24 hours of pindolol administered for 14 days. AB - The effect on heart rate of pindolol 5, 15 and 30 mg/day, a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker possessing intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, administered to 8 healthy volunteers for 14 days was studied. Heart rate was continuously recorded over 24 h during placebo treatment before each sequence, every 2 days during treatment, and then on the 15th, 17th and 18th days. Pindolol in the three doses used had no significant effect on mean heart rate over 24 h. It tended to lower mean diurnal heart rate non-significantly between noon and 6 p.m. Pindolol raised nocturnal heart rate between midnight and 6 a.m. to a comparable extent at all the doses used. Sympathetic tone is at its lowest during that period, which makes it possible to detect the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of pindolol. After cessation of treatment, a rebound effect was observed, cardioacceleration being most marked after 30 mg/day. PMID- 6542865 TI - Phencyclidine-induced catalepsy in pigeons: specificity and stereoselectivity. AB - A procedure is described for the rapid assessment of cataleptic activity (loss of righting, without head-drop and without eye closure) of phencyclidine-type drugs. Single- and cumulative-dosing procedures with phencyclidine and ketamine produced similar results. Pentobarbital produced loss of righting at doses which also induced head-drop and eye closure. Catalepsy was induced exclusively by the d isomers of ketamine, 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methylpiperidine and alpha dioxadrol. The procedure is suitable for studying compounds which may interact with phencyclidine receptors. PMID- 6542866 TI - Aqueous flow in human eyes is reduced by forskolin, a potent adenylate cyclase activator. AB - Forskolin, which lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits, monkeys, and human subjects, was tested for its effect on the rate of aqueous humor flow and on outflow facility. Topical sodium fluorescein was used to measure the rate of aqueous humor flow in forskolin or placebo treated eyes. Tonography was used to determine outflow facility before forskolin administration and at 3 hr after administration of the drug. In eight human subjects who showed reduction of intraocular pressure in response to a single drop of forskolin, flow was reduced by an average of 34%, compared to the contralateral eye during the same period of time. No significant change in outflow facility occurred. The action of forskolin in reducing intraocular pressure was the direct result of a reduction in net aqueous flow. PMID- 6542868 TI - Synchronization of oxytocin cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei in suckled rats: direct proof with paired extracellular recordings. AB - In suckled rats, neurosecretory bursts of two oxytocin cells located in two different magnocellular nuclei were almost simultaneous before each milk ejection. The time elapsing between the onset of two corresponding neurosecretory bursts varied in duration (from 0 to 368 ms) and in order from one pair of cells to another, from one pair of bursts to another for successive bursts of a given pair of cells and independently of whether one of the two cells belonged to the paraventricular or supraoptic nuclei. However, the neurosecretory burst with the highest amplitude began before the other corresponding burst in most cases. Possible inter- and intranuclear synchronization mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6542869 TI - The effect of bromocriptine on the mammary glands of hyperprolactinemic rats. A histologic, ultrastructural and morphometric study. AB - Old female Long-Evans rats with elevated serum prolactin levels were used to study the effect of bromocriptine on the stimulated mammary glands by histology, electron microscopy, and morphometry. Untreated rats were divided into normoprolactinemic (below 30 ng prolactin/ml serum) and hyperprolactinemic control groups (above 30 ng/ml). Treated groups were injected subcutaneously with 1 mg/kg of bromocriptine once daily for 1 day, 30 days and 44 days. One group was treated with bromocriptine for 30 days, and then the drug was withdrawn for an additional 14 days. The light and electron microscopic features of breasts of hyperprolactinemic control, 1 day treatment and withdrawal groups resembled those of postpartum lactating breasts. A unique feature was the presence of large membrane-bound bodies, possibly lysosomes. The breasts of normoprolactinemic control, 30 and 44-day treatment groups were similar by histology and ultrastructure to involuted breasts after cessation of lactation. However, many large lysosome-like bodies and microvilli were found in the alveolar cells which remained tightly apposed. Hyperprolactinemic control rats showed breast stimulation which could be correlated with serum prolactin levels. Serum prolactin concentrations fell within 1 day of bromocriptine treatment, whereas breast tissue responded only after a longer interval. Pituitary weights could be correlated with serum prolactin levels. Withdrawal of bromocriptine resulted in an elevation of serum prolactin levels and breasts returned to the stimulated stage. It can be concluded that bromocriptine reversibly suppresses the stimulation of mammary glands in hyperprolactinemic rats. PMID- 6542867 TI - Quantitative and morphological studies on developing optic axons in normal and enucleated albino rats. AB - In the albino rat, the number of optic axons increases from 400 on embryonic day 15 to reach a peak of 240000 at birth, before declining to adult numbers (100000) by postnatal day 5. Throughout the period of loss of axons there are few signs of degeneration in the optic nerve, which does not change its diameter: the decrease in density of axons is matched by an increase in the cross-sectional area of individual axons. Myelination of the initially non-myelinated axons starts on day 5, when axonal numbers stabilize. Following neonatal removal of one eye, fewer axons than normal are present in the contralateral optic nerve up to day 5. The axons removed by enucleation may be retino-retinal axons, representing up to 40% of the 83000 fibres lost between postnatal days 2 and 5. There is no increase in the numbers of optic axons in the remaining nerve in adult animals; this appears to be due to the small absolute numbers of ipsilateral axons saved by enucleation. After enucleation, axons remain clear and undergo a "watery" degeneration after initially swelling, and the removal of degenerative products is accomplished within four days. PMID- 6542870 TI - Morphometric study on the absolute volume of differentiating hepatocytes in rats. AB - Quantitative changes in the mean absolute volume of rat hepatocytes during prenatal development were studied by light microscopic stereological methods. Combining these light microscopic measurements with electron microscopic relative volume (volume density) data (Daimon et al. 1982) enabled the evaluation of the mean absolute volumes of cytoplasmic organelles of fetuses and newborns. On the 15th day of gestation the mean absolute volume of hepatocytes was 1,523 +/- 10.7 microns3. After 3 days hepatocytes were enlarged 66.2% (2,531.5 +/- 108.2) and at birth 157.1% (3,915.6 +/- 190.8). The comparison of the absolute volume and the volume density of each cell organelle made possible the interpretation of much functional and morphometric data of the development of hepatocytes. PMID- 6542871 TI - The influence of permanent adrenalin application on the triacylglycerol concentration and fatty acid synthesis in various tissues of the rat. AB - Adrenalin tablets (15 mg) or placebos were implanted into the neck of male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 150 to 250 g. 18 hours after implantation a significant lipolysis as well as enhanced concentrations of triacylglycerol in liver, kidney cortex and skeletal muscle can be observed in adrenalin treated rats. Measurements of fatty acid synthesis (3H method) in these tissues indicate that in kidney cortex and liver there is no contribution of local synthesis to elevated triacylglycerol content. In skeletal muscle local synthesis seems to be efficient to some degree. The main cause for lipid deposition in adrenalin supplied rats is, therefore, uptake of free fatty acids from the blood and following esterification with glycerol. PMID- 6542872 TI - Long-term effects of psychoemotional stress and tread-mill exercise on the microcirculatory system of rats. AB - To answer the question of whether the increased intensity of tonic or of relaxing influences acting on the microcirculatory system predominate in various chronic psychoemotional stress situations and/or after long-lasting and intense tread mill exercise, the left-ventricular wall of the heart and the skeletal muscle or pancreas of 49 experimental and 33 control animals were investigated, using a new histomorphometric method. Chronically stressed rats showed an increase of wall thickness in microvessels documenting a long-term increase of contractile performance of wall cells for the development and maintenance of an increased contractile tone; however, there were quantitative differences depending on the manner, intensity, and duration of stress. The opposite occurred in rats exercised by a tread-mill over 6 months, 3 h per day, demonstrating the morphological correlative of metabolic long-term autoregulation. An aversion stress applied simultaneously on these animals effectively antagonized the mentioned effects of exercise. PMID- 6542873 TI - Morphological aspects of mesotheliomas after intratracheal instillations of fibrous dusts in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - After intratracheal instillation of glass fibres and crocidolite in male Syrian golden hamsters, besides lung carcinomas a number of mesotheliomas of the epitheloid type occurred. These were examined with light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the characteristics of the tumours are described. PMID- 6542874 TI - Effect of anticancer drugs on renal neoplasm induced with xenotropic pseudotype kirsten murine sarcoma virus. AB - The sensitivity of a renal neoplasm induced in vivo with C type RNA virus to anticancer drugs was evaluated. The proliferation rate of the virus induced neoplasm cells depended on the concentrations of antimetabolites, alkylates and antibiotics, but not depends on that of alkaloids. An inhibitory effect of drugs on the virus induced neoplasm cells became evident in the following order, i.e., antimetabolites, alkylates, antibiotics and then alkaloids. PMID- 6542875 TI - [Characteristics of the effect of haloperidol and clozapine on the rhythmic features of phenamine sterotypy in cats]. AB - Experiments on cats with the use of an electromechanical rotameter enabling one to separately record head turns to the right and to the left were made to examine the action of the neuroleptics on the time-course of changes in the horizontal component of amphetamine stereotypy. It was shown that haloperidol which destabilizes the oscillatory curve of the rate of head turns led to a progressive decrease in the number of movements. Clazapine also destabilized the rhythmic process. However, increasing the amplitude of oscillations the drug made the curve phasic in nature. Both the neuroleptics caused synchronization of the oscillation rate of head turns to the right and to the left. PMID- 6542876 TI - [Effect of spirobramin and prospidin on immunogenesis]. AB - The immunosuppressant effects of the antineoplastic piperazine drugs spirobramine and prospidin in respective doses of 500 and 600 mg/kg (1/2 of the LD50) were studied in experiments on cats. Spirobramine was shown to exert a more pronounced immunoinhibitory action on the primary and secondary immune response induced by sheep red blood cells. PMID- 6542878 TI - Two populations of immunoglobulin-forming cells in the skate, Raja kenojei: their distribution and characterization. AB - We recently reported the presence in the skate, Raja kenojei, of two immunoglobulins, a high molecular weight immunoglobulin analogous to mammalian IgM, and a low molecular weight immunoglobulin belonging to a hitherto undescribed class. In view of these findings, we studied lymphoid organs of the skate using morphological and immunocytochemical means. The spleen and the intestinal mucosa had numerous plasma cells and lymphocytes, while the Leydig organ of the esophagus, the epigonal organ and the liver contained these cells in a much lesser frequency. Immunocytochemical studies proved these plasma cells and some of the lymphocytes to be immunoglobulin-forming cells. Double immunofluorescence staining of the spleen and other lymphoid tissues demonstrated the occurrence at a 1: 1 ratio of two distinct populations of cells, one forming the high molecular weight immunoglobulin and the other producing the low molecular weight immunoglobulin. PMID- 6542877 TI - Specific reduction of the immune response to sheep red blood cells by the injection of syngeneic globulin on a non-immunogenic carrier. AB - Inoculation of normal (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 mice with syngeneic, cellulose-conjugated serum globulin containing anti-SRBC antibodies (anti-SRBC Ig-cel) induced a specific reduction of the immune response to SRBC. This was observed in situ as well as in the adoptive transfer experiments. In the latter case, the animals injected with cellulose-conjugated globulin were the donors of lymphocytes. Furthermore, it was found that the serum from mice injected with an anti-SRBC Ig cel complex contained anti-idiotype antibodies which inhibited the syngeneic and, to a smaller degree, the parental anti-SRBC antibody-forming cells and had no effect on AFC of some other strains. The formation of anti-idiotype antibodies was T-dependent because these antibodies were produced by T-B mice but not by B mice. We assume that the observed reduction of the immune response to SRBC in vivo was due to the anti-idiotype response to a previous injection of cellulose conjugated idiotype-positive anti-SRBC antibodies. PMID- 6542879 TI - Immunoglobulin-secreting cells in various maternal lymphoid tissues during syngeneic and allogeneic murine pregnancy. AB - The effects of syngeneic (CBAxCBA) and allogeneic (CBAxC57/B1) pregnancy on immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells in various maternal organs/tissues have been investigated by using the protein A plaque assay. The following organs/tissues were examined: a) spleen, b) cervical nodes, c) inguinal nodes, d) mesenteric nodes, e) para-aortic (uterus-draining) nodes, f) Peyer's patches, and g) bone marrow (femur). The changes observed were similar and of the same magnitude in all pregnant animals, irrespective of the type of mating. At mid-gestation (day 14) a distinct increase in Ig secretors was observed, predominantly in the spleen. At the end of pregnancy (day 20) the para-aortic nodes contained dramatically increased numbers of plaque forming cells. A slight increase in both IgM and IgG-secreting cells was also seen in bone marrow at the very end of pregnancy, while Peyer's patches and the nodes of neck and legs appeared to be unaffected throughout the period of gestation. PMID- 6542880 TI - The cervical and lumbar vertebrae--an anthropometric model. PMID- 6542881 TI - Rheumatoid hand weakness characterising indices and clinical data acquisition. PMID- 6542882 TI - An idealized element model of human skin. PMID- 6542883 TI - Conference report. Biomechanical aspects of cartilage and related structures. PMID- 6542884 TI - Cartilage--bone interface. PMID- 6542885 TI - Transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication models for the human ankle joint. PMID- 6542887 TI - What is biomedical engineering? PMID- 6542886 TI - Fibre reinforcement and mechanical stability in articular cartilage. PMID- 6542889 TI - Fetal neurosurgery--a new challenge on the horizon. PMID- 6542888 TI - Prolactin desensitizes the prostaglandin E1-dependent adenylyl cyclase in the rat prostate gland. AB - Prior exposure of the rat ventral prostate to a high dose of ovine prolactin in vivo or in vitro caused the specific desensitization of the prostaglandin E1 dependent adenylyl cyclase. Maximal desensitization was achieved in vivo 6 h after exposure to 100 micrograms prolactin and complete resensitization occurred after 7 days. No heterologous desensitization of the response of the cyclase to other hormones tested was observed. Incubation of isolated secretory cells with prolactin and prostaglandin E1 desensitized the subsequent response to the same prostaglandin. Simultaneous exposure of the cells to indomethacin prevented the prolactin-induced effect. Prolactin could also induce similar changes in the prostaglandin E1-dependent cyclase of rat Leydig cell tumour cells in vivo, suggesting that this may represent a phenomenon shared by other prolactin target organs. This study supports the hypothesis that prostaglandins may constitute second messengers for prolactin effects on the prostate gland. PMID- 6542890 TI - Interactions between bromobenzene dose, glutathione concentrations, and organ toxicities in single- and multiple-treatment studies. AB - A single oral dose of 4.0 mmol/kg bromobenzene transiently depleted hepatic and renal reduced nonprotein sulfhydryl group (NPS) concentrations, caused hepatocellular necrosis, and increased serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity in male Fischer 344 rats. The depletion of NPS had partially reversed by 24 hr, and NPS concentrations were approximately twice normal values by 48 hr post-treatment. When the effects of single and repeated (once daily for 2, 4, or 10 days) treatments with 4.0 mmol/kg were compared, it was apparent that the severity of hepatotoxicity lessened and the percentage depletions of hepatic and renal NPS concentrations decreased with increasing length of bromobenzene treatment. There were essentially no signs of toxicity following the tenth treatment with 4.0 mmol/kg. Single-treatment studies indicated the following dose response: 2.0 mmol/kg bromobenzene depleted liver NPS and was hepatotoxic, 0.5 mmol/kg caused a lesser depletion of liver NPS and was not (overtly) hepatotoxic, and 0.0625 mmol/kg was the maximum dose that did not deplete liver NPS. The responses to single and multiple (ten) treatments with these representative doses were compared. Liver injury was observed after a single but not after the tenth daily treatment with 2.0 mmol/kg. Both the single and the tenth administrations of 2.0 mmol/kg depleted hepatic NPS, but the percentage of depletion was greater after the first than after the tenth dose. Liver injury was not detected with lower dose regimens. The patterns of NPS depletion in liver and kidney were similar after single or multiple (ten) treatments. The minimum NPS concentrations produced, however, were lower after single than after multiple treatments. The molar amounts of liver NPS depleted after the tenth treatment appeared to be equivalent to or greater than those after the first, but prior bromobenzene exposure resulted in a higher concentration of tissue NPS being present at the time of the final treatment. Thus, the minimum tissue concentrations of NPS were greater after multiple treatments than after single treatments, despite the loss of equivalent amounts of NPS. It is concluded from these studies that repeated treatment produces resistance to bromobenzene hepatotoxicity. This protective adaptation may be due to a chemically induced increase in liver glutathione concentration. PMID- 6542891 TI - Xenobiotics in gametes of Lake Michigan lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) induce hepatic monooxygenase activity in their offspring. AB - Eggs spawned from Lake Michigan lake trout contain a number of xenobiotic compounds, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). To assess whether this contamination is sufficient to induce hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase (MO) activity during early development, the hepatic MO systems of laboratory-cultured offspring of Lake Michigan, Green Bay, and Marquette Hatchery lake trout were compared. Additionally, the induction of hepatic cytochrome P-450 systems in developing lake trout by the commercial PCB mixture, Aroclor 1254 (A1254), was characterized. During late embryonic development and at the swim-up stage, the hepatic MO systems of the feral lake trout offspring appeared induced, based on levels of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity that were 3.5- to 8.6-fold higher than the hatchery control levels. Furthermore, at the swim-up stage the feral trout offspring resembled A1254-treated hatchery fry with regard to the degree of inhibition of hepatic AHH activity by alpha-naphthoflavone, and the presence of an inducible Mr = 58,000 polypeptide in hepatic microsomes. The levels of aminopyrine N-demethylase activity, which was relatively unresponsive to inducers, were moderately lower in the Lake Michigan and Green Bay swim-up fry compared to the hatchery control levels. After 7 months of posthatching laboratory culture, when residues of xenobiotics present at fertilization were greatly diluted by growth, the hepatic MO systems of the Lake Michigan and hatchery trout offspring appeared essentially indistinguishable with regard to a number of parameters. These results indicate that the differences observed between the hatchery and feral trout offspring at earlier stages were not likely to have a genetic basis, but rather were due to a xenobiotic-type induction. Dose response experiments and residue analysis data indicated that residues of commercial PCB mixtures were at least partially responsible for the effects described here. Overall, these data provide very strong evidence that contamination of Lake Michigan lake trout gametes by PCBs and possibly other xenobiotics caused induction of hepatic MO activity in their progeny. Fish embryos and fry with induced MO systems may have an increased sensitivity to the toxicity of certain environmental contaminants that are metabolically activated by cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6542893 TI - [Radiation-induced inversions and reciprocal translocations in Anopheles atroparvus]. AB - Inversions and reciprocal translocations were induced in Anopheles atroparvus by irradiation of males with X-rays. 22 aberrations were produced in stocks and were identified as follows: 6 paracentric, 6 pericentric inversions and 10 reciprocal translocations (9 autosomal and 1 sex-linked). Partial sterility in the offspring of this stock is demonstrated. The practical significance of constructing stocks with inversions and translocations for genetic control of pest insects is considered. PMID- 6542892 TI - [Genetic aspects of the hormonal modification of stress reactivity. I. The prenatal effect of hydrocortisone on the reactivity of the hypophyseoadrenal system of adult August and Wistar strain rats and their 1st generation hybrids]. AB - Influence of the alteration of corticosteroid equilibrium during prenatal development on the reactivity of the pituitary-adrenal system in adulthood was studied in August, Wistar rats and their F1 hybrids. The alteration of corticosteroid balance was caused by injections of hydrocortizone to female rats on the 16th and 18th day of gestation. Adult male-offsprings were investigated. The prenatal hydrocortizone treatment was capable of modifying the inherited peculiarities of the stress system. Interstrain differences in sensitivity to hormone were observed. Hormonal treatment decreased reactions of the endocrine system to an emotional stresser or intracerebral noradrenaline administration in Wistar rats, but not in August ones. Reciprocal hybrids were affected by the hormone, like Wistar rats. At the same time, treatment with hydrocortizone did not change the reactions of the pituitary-adrenal system of the rats of both strains under the conditions of "systemic" stress or intracerebral serotonin administration. Probably, hydrocortizone affected specific mechanisms of emotional reaction, connected with noradrenergic system of brain. Thus, the ability of prenatal hydrocortizone treatment to modify the reactivity of the pituitary-adrenal system in adult rats depends on the animal genotype. Sensitivity to the hormone is a dominant character. PMID- 6542894 TI - Quantitative studies in stereochronoscopy (Sc): application to the disc in glaucoma. II. Statistical evaluation. AB - The statistical method of control charts applied to quantitative stereochronoscopy of the disc in glaucoma enables differentiation of cases of to and fro displacements of disc elements ("papillary unrest") from continuous or discontinuous progression. In all cases of discontinuities we are obliged to search for their cause. The control chart method helps to determine the approximate time of incidence of these events. Stereochronoscopy should be well adapted to supervise treated glaucoma cases. PMID- 6542895 TI - [Effects of gamma-oryzanol on gastric lesions and small intestinal propulsive activity in mice]. AB - Effects of gamma-oryzanol were studied on gastric lesions induced by both conditioned emotional stimuli (CES) and REM sleep deprivations and on the facilitation of small intestinal propulsive activity by CES in mice. The CES were given by the communication box method, and the REM sleep deprivations were performed by a modified flower pot method. The incidence of gastric lesions in responder mice induced by CES was reduced by twice p.o. administrations at 6 hr interval of gamma-oryzanol at 200 and 500 mg/kg, oxazolam at 2 mg/kg and atropine at 1-10 mg/kg. The incidence in sender mice was also reduced by gamma-oryzanol at 200 and 500 mg/kg. In addition, the incidence of gastric lesions induced by REM sleep deprivation was also reduced by single administration of gamma-oryzanol at 100 and 200 mg/kg and oxazolam at 5 mg/kg. The facilitation of small intestinal propulsive activity in responder mice induced by CES was suppressed by gamma oryzanol at 100 and 200 mg/kg and atropine at 10 mg/kg. These results indicate that gamma-oryzanol has an antiulcerative action on gastric lesions induced by CES and REM sleep deprivation, and it has a suppressive action on the facilitation of intestinal propulsion induced by CES. PMID- 6542896 TI - Cytological changes in human oviduct epithelium during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6542897 TI - [Excitatory and inhibitory effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the hypothalamic emotional behavior of the cat]. PMID- 6542898 TI - Hospitals, public policy, and the future: an interview with John Alexander McMahon. Interview by John K. Iglehart. PMID- 6542899 TI - Sexual behavior of an androgenized female rhesus macaque with a surgically constructed vagina. AB - A 17-year-old, prenatally androgenized (ovariectomized) female rhesus macaque was studied. She had achieved penile intromission and ejaculated when treated with testosterone propionate and paired with a receptive female. To test the extent of behavioral defeminization, a vagina was created through surgical intervention and daily injections of 20 micrograms of estradiol benzoate were given. When she was paired with a male on Day 28 of treatment, she proved receptive to his invitations to copulate and the male achieved intromission. The results indicate that prenatal testosterone may morphologically and behaviorally masculinize the genetic rhesus female without eliminating the capacity to respond as a female under appropriate hormonal and environmental stimulation. PMID- 6542900 TI - Role of cytokinins in induction of nitrate reductase in leaves of cowpea seedlings. PMID- 6542901 TI - Sex related response to stress induced by immobilization with pain in Wistar rats. PMID- 6542902 TI - Is the hypertensive rat really hyperreactive? AB - This study investigated the behavior of hypertensive-prone and nonhypertensive prone rat strains to see whether there are differences in behavioral reactivity to environmental stimulation. Of primary interest was general activity, because investigators have assumed it to be an index of reactivity to environmental stimulation and to be correlated with the elevation of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) but not in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Therefore, general activity was assessed in SHRs and WKYs as a function of walking and rearing in an open field (Experiments 1 and 2) and crossings in a shuttlebox test (Experiments 3, 4, and 5). Activity was assessed under a constant level of environmental stimulation in the open field (Experiment 1) and shuttlebox (Experiment 3) or under varying degrees of stimulation in the open field (Experiment 2) and shuttlebox (Experiments 4 and 5). In the open field and the shuttlebox, SHR activity was above WKY activity when the degree of environmental stimulation was constant. However, when stimulation was manipulated, the SHR activity level was similar for all intensity levels, while the WKY activity was inversely related to stimulus intensity. These results suggest that while the SHRs may generally be more active than WKYs, WKYs display a greater behavioral reactivity to environmental stimulation than SHRs. PMID- 6542903 TI - Repeated administration of electroconvulsive shock to rats: effect on haloperidol and morphine-induced catalepsy and its modification by carbamazepine and diazepam. PMID- 6542904 TI - Immunoglobulin level of low birth weight infants and relation with infective diseases. PMID- 6542905 TI - White piedra. A frequently misdiagnosed infection of hair. PMID- 6542906 TI - Attempted treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with thymic humoral factor. PMID- 6542907 TI - Angiosarcoma in chronic osteomyelitis. AB - The authors present 4 cases of angiosarcoma occurring in chronic osteomyelitis observed at the Tumour Centre of the Rizzoli Institute. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 6542908 TI - Studies on the absorption of L-xyloascorbic acid (vitamin C) in young and elderly subjects. AB - Absorption of ascorbic acid was assessed by measuring its urinary excretion following the administration of a standard dose under pre-determined conditions. The absorption mechanism appeared to be a saturable one and with intakes of up to 1 g over 90 per cent of the subsequent urinary excretion occurred during the first 8 h. Significantly less ascorbic acid was absorbed by elderly persons than by young ones; after a 500 mg dose the mean urinary excretion by nine elderly females (mean age 82.6) was 25 mg and by six young females (mean age 21.8) 245 mg. It is suggested that impaired gastrointestinal absorption is an important factor in the aetiology of low blood concentrations of ascorbic acid in the elderly. PMID- 6542909 TI - Microbiochemical investigation on diurnal rhythmic changes of the activities of the lactate dehydrogenase in the periportal and perivenous zones of the acinus of the rat liver. AB - Activities of the lactate dehydrogenase within the periportal zone and within the perivenous zone in the first layer of hepatocytes adjacent to terminal hepatic venules and the remainder of the perivenous parenchyma of the liver acinus were measured using a Lowry technique during a full 24-h cycle (08.00-08.00) in untreated adult male Wistar rats kept under 12 h of light and 12 h of darkness, scotophase 18.25-06.25. In all three regions studied a broad first maximum was recorded between 10.00 and 22.00 with the peak value at 16.00 and a high and narrow peak at 24.00. Zonal and intrazonal heterogeneity of the lactate dehydrogenase were retained during the full day and night cycle. The regions displayed individual dynamic changes in enzyme activity. PMID- 6542910 TI - Correlation and coherence analysis of the EEG: a selective tutorial review. AB - The measurement of EEG-brain function relationship using measures of EEG amplitude are well known. The application of signal correlation techniques to this problem are less well understood. Selective aspects of EEG signal correlation are described with examples, and their relevance to EEG measurement is discussed. PMID- 6542911 TI - EEG assessment of brain activity: spatial aspects, segmentation and imaging. AB - High temporal resolution and sensitivity to index different functional brain states makes the EEG a powerful tool in psychophysiology. Its full potential can now be utilized since recording technology and computational power for the large data masses has become affordable. However, basic traditional strategies in EEG need reviewing. Conventional, spontaneous or evoked EEG traces which are used for various complex analyses give ambiguous information on EEG power (amplitude) and phase for a given point on the scalp. Principally, analysis should first be done over space, then over time, to avoid ambiguities or pre-selections. First or second spatial derivative computations can provide "reference-free" data for analyses over time. We propose to use direct, spatial approaches for the analysis of the scalp EEG field distributions when simultaneous recordings in several EEG channels can be examined. The ambiguity of the conventional EEG waveshapes results in different, equally "correct" scalp maps of EEG power of the same multichannel data for different reference electrodes. An exception are scalp maps of EEG power computed against the common, average reference, as they are related to the reference-free spatial distribution (maps) of the maximal and minimal (extreme) field values over time, and thus are directly interpretable in terms of net orientation of the generator process. A proposed, reference-free EEG segmentation into epochs of periodically stationary spatial distributions of the mapped scalp EEG fields uses the locations of maximal and minimal (extreme) field values at each moment in time as classifiers, and thus avoids the priviledging of two arbitrarily chosen recording points in the field. PMID- 6542913 TI - Augmentation of the auditory event related potentials of the brain during diastole. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that stimuli synchronized with systolic and diastolic phases of the pulse pressure wave enhanced the visual event related potentials (ERPs) of the brain. The present study extended these observations to the auditory ERP in passive and attentional conditions. Pure tones were synchronized with systolic and diastolic phases of the cephalic and palmar arteries. During one condition, subjects were paid a bonus for reporting accurately the number of times they heard a tone (attention condition) and in a second condition they listened passively (non-attend). Stimuli synchronized with the diastolic phase, reliably produced augmentation of the N1 component across all conditions. The N2 component was smaller in the right hemisphere of attentive subjects when stimulation was synchronized with diastole. These results were discussed in the context of the cognitive psychophysiology proposed by Picton and Hillyard (1974). PMID- 6542912 TI - The need-informational theory of emotions. AB - As an evolvement of Pavlov ideas on higher nervous (psychic) activity 'the need informational theory of emotions' was suggested by the author in 1964. According to it an emotion is a function of two major factors: (1) power and quality of actual need (or drive, or motivation) and (2) estimation of probability (possibility) of need satisfaction on the basis of phylo- and ontogenetic experience. In the process of experimental testing of 'the need-informational theory of emotions' the role of different cerebral structures (frontal neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus) in the genesis of emotional states and in the organization of goal-directed behavior was elucidated. The experimental data showed that these 4 brain structures play the major role in estimation of signals coming from environment and in the choice of subject's reactions. The individual characteristics of the interaction between the 4 brain structures must be taken into consideration in discussing neurophysiological backgrounds of different types of the higher nervous activity (temperaments), parameters of extra introversion and neurotism (emotionality), the formation of main types of neurosis. PMID- 6542914 TI - Early and late components of the contingent negative variation prior to manual and speech responses in stutterers and non-stutterers. AB - The early and late components of the CNV were measured in 18 stutterers and 18 non-stutterers, all dextral, prior to a manual and 3 speech tasks. It was hypothesized that, due to a proposed deficit in articulatory timing, prior to the more complex speech tasks, stutterers would show reduced late CNV amplitudes over Broca's area when compared to the non-stutterers. This hypothesis was not confirmed. In both groups, there was a finding of greater late CNV activity over the right hemisphere prior to speech responses. Explanations for this finding in terms of (a) CNV polarity, and (b) right hemisphere involvement in the speech responses used, are proposed. It is suggested that attention be paid to the nature of the response when attempting to record slow brain potentials prior to speech. PMID- 6542915 TI - Hypnotic susceptibility: a lateral predisposition and altered cerebral asymmetry under hypnosis. AB - Psychophysiological and behavioural evidence is reported of altered cerebral asymmetry under hypnosis in favour of the right hemisphere. This occurred in Susceptible as distinct from Unsusceptible subjects. Measures included bilateral electrodermal responses to tones and bimanual processing times for sorting letters and numbers with eyes closed. Subjects listened to a tape recording of a procedure for inducing relaxation under hypnosis. Susceptible subjects, unlike Unsusceptibles, showed lateral asymmetries in baseline conditions in favour of the left hemisphere. Electrodermal responses were larger on the left than the right hand and haptic processing times were faster with the right than the left hand. Under hypnosis there was a reduction in electrodermal orienting responses coupled with faster habituation and a reversal in lateral asymmetries. Haptic processing revealed a slowing in right hand processing times whereas left hand times were reduced as was the case with bilateral processing times in both Unsusceptible subjects and controls who experienced no hypnosis. Unlike earlier reports left hemisphere dynamic processes were fundamental to the induction of hypnosis. A neuropsychological model is proposed whereby susceptibility is associated both with a left bias prior to hypnosis and left hemisphere inhibition under hypnosis. Unsusceptibles retain a right hemisphere orientation without undergoing left hemisphere inhibition. Thus hypnosis involves an inhibition of left-sided processes which permits the ascendancy of the right hemisphere through the attenuation of left hemisphere control. PMID- 6542916 TI - Gastric emptying and anxiety in chronic duodenal ulcer. AB - The authors have evaluated in a group of patients afflicted with duodenal ulcer whether anxiety might be in some way linked to gastric emptying. The 23 patients studied were subdivided into two groups: "fast" emptiers (n = 12; t 1/2 less than 90 min) and "normal" emptiers (n = 11; t 1/2 greater than 90 min). There were no significant differences between the two groups for the following parameters: sex, age, marital status, educational level, social class, number of cigarettes smoked per day, type of treatment undergone for the duodenal ulcer and maximal acid output. Anxiety levels measured with the Q4 and QII factors of the Cattell's PF 16 were found to be the same in the two groups. The authors conclude that anxiety does not seem to be linked to gastric emptying in chronic duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6542917 TI - Electrodermal characteristics in psychosomatic patient groups. AB - Specific autonomic reaction patterns in different psychosomatic patient groups have been observed by several authors. In our study 50 male hypertensive patients and 47 male duodenal ulcer patients both in the early mild reversible stage of disease were compared with 65 male control persons to determine distinguishing features of electrodermal activity in response to a sequence of verbal, acoustic and colour stimuli. The two patient groups show opposite characteristics in respect to the initial skin resistance level, response amplitude and non-specific responses. Slower recovery can be seen only in an emotionally disturbing situation in the duodenal ulcer group. On the contrary, in orienting situations the control persons tend to show slower electrodermal recovery. According to the results of factor analysis, the components of electrodermal activity belong to 3 different factors, underlining the relative independence of these parameters. The first factor contains the electrodermal amplitude values. The temporal characteristics of electrodermal responses belong to two different factors, the first being in connection with the orienting situation and the second with the emotionally disturbing situation. The longer recovery in orienting situations is associated positively with facilitating achievement anxiety and negatively with debilitating achievement anxiety. The anxiety and neurosis scores belong to the third factor in connection with the prolonged electrodermal responses in emotionally disturbing situations. Anxiety and depression scores are higher in both patient groups, in accordance with the results of earlier studies. The parameters of electrodermal responses were analyzed as a function of psychological characteristics. PMID- 6542918 TI - An investigation of hemispheric specialization and visual event related potentials in discriminations of line length. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine possible hemispheric differences in discriminations of line length and to determine whether the visual event related potential (ERP) recorded from over left and right hemispheres was related to performance. Twelve right-handed subjects participated on each of 2 separate days. The visual ERPs were derived from left occipital (O1) and right occipital (O2) placements. Eye blinks and vertical and lateral eye movements were also monitored. A single vertical 1.0 cm line (Standard) was displayed for 40 ms and was followed 2 s later by either a 0.9 cm, 1.0 cm or 1.1 cm (Comparison) line (also 40 ms). Subjects were asked to judge whether the second of the lines (Comparison) was "shorter" or "longer" than the first. Stimuli appeared at the center of a screen or at 1 degree 24' to the left and right of central fixation. Accuracy of line length judgements were similar in all 3 visual fields indicating a lack of hemispheric performance asymmetry for this type of discrimination task. In addition, there was no evidence of hemispheric asymmetry in the ERPs. The ambiguous discrimination involving the 1.0 cm standard and comparison lines seems to have influenced P3 latencies at both hemispheres. Namely, P3 latency was significantly longer in response to the 1.0 cm line than to the 0.9 cm or 1.1 cm lines. We propose that the ambiguous discrimination required a greater time for simulus evaluation and that this was reflected in the delayed P3 latencies. PMID- 6542919 TI - Early coping experience and later aversive conditioning in cats. AB - Kittens were given differential early experience in order to compare an objective coping behavior with the result of an inescapable aversive experience. Separate groups of kittens were treated in a shock motivated runway task at either 4 or 12 weeks of age, by allowing one member of a weight matched sibling pair to acquire an escape behavior, while the other member was confined; a third subject served as a handled control. Escape behavior was significantly different for 4 and 12 week old subjects, since the older kittens reached a running asymptote within the first few shock trials. At 6 months of age, the subjects were tested for effects of differential early treatment; heart rate, respiration rate and amplitude, and somatic activity were measured during classical conditioning. While all groups gave evidence of acquisition in one or more response measures, only a potentiated heart rate response in 4 week kittens could be related to early experience. Heart rate did not differentiate escaping kittens from confined ones. Rather, heart rate was related to early treatment with shock, perhaps reflecting an increased tendency to react with a passive defensive response. PMID- 6542920 TI - Acute cardiorespiratory responses of hypertensive rats to swimming and treadmill exercise. AB - The acute cardiorespiratory responses of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to swimming and running exercise was investigated because SHR populations are hyperresponsive to external stimuli, of the paucity of existing data, and of the uncertainty on the role of exercise stimuli for training adaptations to occur. Male rats were assigned to one of five groups (n = 5-6/group) and designated as controls (C), inexperienced or naive free swimmers (NFS), experienced free swimmers (FS), experienced weighted swimmers (WS) (attached weights equal to 2% of their body weight) or experienced runners (R) who ran at an intensity of 75% of their VO2max. After 75 min in the water, all groups were acidotic and hypercapnic with the WS experiencing the greatest changes. Heart rate (HR) was increased in all swimmers during the initial 10 min, but declined thereafter, and after 75 min, the HR of WS (348 +/- 1 beats/min) was significantly lower than the C group (416 +/- 22 beats/min). At the same time interval, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was decreased in all swimming groups to values lower than the C animals. In addition, an exaggerated diving reflex was frequently noted when the rats were submerged. When the magnitudes of the changes were evaluated in the swimming animals they were directly associated with their submergence times, i.e., during 65-75 min of the swim, NFS, FS, and WS were submerged for 43, 46, and 66% of their total swim time, respectively. In sharp contrast to the swimmers, the runners exhibited increases in HR and MAP with their blood gas measurements being indicative of hyperventilation. We concluded that swimming as an exercise mode for hypertensive rats is best served to study the combined effects of excitement, prolonged submergence, and the consequences of the diving reflex. PMID- 6542921 TI - Amino acids in plasma and duodenal digesta and plasma growth hormone in cows fed varying amounts of protein of differing degradability. AB - Eighty-four Holstein cows in early lactation fed diets varying in protein percent (11, 14, and 17% crude protein) and degradability in the rumen (normal and heated soybean meal) were sampled for effects on amino acids and growth hormone in blood plasma, and amino acid profiles in the duodenal digesta. Essential and branched chain amino acids in plasma increased as protein and amount of protected protein in the diet increased. These changes were accompanied by decreased concentrations of nonessential amino acids. Plasma growth hormone was highest at low protein (11.3%) probably because of decreased intakes on this diet. Molar percentages of amino acids in duodenal contents were not affected by diet suggesting that our heat-treated soybean meal influenced quantity more than quality of amino acids available for absorption in the small intestines. PMID- 6542922 TI - Effects of vincristine, maytansine, and cis-platinum on behavioral and electrophysiological indices of neurotoxicity in the rat. AB - The effects of the antineoplastic drugs vincristine, maytansine and cis-platinum were studied to determine the appropriateness of a behavioral and electrophysiological test battery for characterizing the neurotoxicity of such therapeutic compounds. Single- and repeated-dose studies in rats were performed initially, to establish doses for the subchronic neurobehavioral study. Measurements obtained in the subchronic study included body weight, rectal temperature, forelimb and hindlimb grip strengths; performance of a multisensory conditional avoidance response task and other behavioral tests; and a series of evoked responses (ventral caudal nerve action potential, brainstem auditory response and responses from other modalities). The drugs were injected intraperitoneally 5 days per week for 7 weeks. The rats were tested weekly during baseline, treatment and recovery phases. Each drug caused a different pattern of effects, but they all altered body weight, rectal temperature, peripheral nerve conduction velocity, the somatosensory evoked potential and undifferentiated motor activity. cis-Platinum was the most toxic, and maytansine was the least toxic. The results indicated that some elements of the test battery were useful for evaluating the neurotoxicity of anticancer drugs. However, other tests - notably, a test of negative geotaxis and the cortical auditory evoked response - were unreliable. PMID- 6542923 TI - [Treatment of retinal capillary angiomas of von Hippel's disease]. AB - Twelve patients with Von Hippel's disease were observed by the authors during the last decade. 4 patients developed new retinal or papillary angiomas during the follow-up period (1 to 10 years with an average of 4,5 years). 55 retinal capillary angiomas and 2 papillary angiomas were observed in the present series. All retinal angiomas were submitted to treatment. Cryotreatment under biomicroscopic control of the fundus was applied on 11 angiomas, argon laser photocoagulation was applied on 36 angiomas, and 8 angiomas were treated with both techniques. Clinical destruction of the angiomas and normalization of the feeder vessels caliber were achieved in all cases. At the end of the follow-up period the visual acuity was the same or better in 16 of the 17 treated eyes; the visual acuity was worse in 1 eye. The smaller the retinal angioma the easier, the more efficient and the less mutilating the treatment is. Therefore the patients should be followed up at regular intervals in order to treat incipient lesions rather than large tumors. PMID- 6542924 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the breast]. AB - Since angiosarcoma of the breast was first reported in 1907 fewer than one hundred cases have been reported. They are primary malignant vascular mesenchymal tumors occurring in young females. Their prognosis is very bad. We report here six new cases treated at the Institut Curie between 1972-1983. The mean age was 33, range 27-40. One tumor was a low grade one and the five others of breast, were high grade tumors. We carried out four amputations three associated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy and the fourth one did not received adjuvant treatment. In the two others cases the diagnosis was made when the patients were already suffering from polymetastatic disease. The mean survival was 17 months, the range 5-44 months. Recent reviews of the pathologic material made it possible to differentiate three grades in these tumors. The prognosis was correlated to the degree of differentiation. Recently hormonal receptors have been described in soft tissue sarcomas. The value of levels of these receptors in breast angiosarcoma Is discussed. PMID- 6542926 TI - [Intrathoracic movement of the normal and hypertrophied hearts measured by biplane coronary cineangiography]. AB - The shift of the heart during systole within the thorax was measured using bifurcations of the left coronary artery as cineangiographic markers. Biplane coronary cineangiography was performed in 13 normal subjects and 6 patients with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The spatial coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the bifurcations on the cineangiograms were measured using a motion analizer-digitizer-computer system. The systolic excursion of the motion of a bifurcation located at the anterior-basal point of the heart was 1.4 +/- 0.1 (+/ SD) cm leftward, 3.0 +/- 0.3 cm caudally and 2.5 +/- 0.1 cm anteriorly in normal subjects. In the cases with HCM, on the other hand, the bifurcation moved 2.2 +/- 1.1, 2.7 +/- 1.2 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 cm during systole, respectively. The movement at the apex in the normal subjects was 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm rightward, 1.5 +/- 0.2 cm caudally and 1.5 +/- 0.2 cm posteriorly, although the direction was reversed as compared to that of the anterior wall of the cardiac base. The amplitude of the excursion was also reduced at the apex, suggesting the systolic twist of the ventricular wall. The excursion of the apex in HCM was 0.6 +/- 1.7, 1.5 +/- 1.8 and 2.5 +/- 1.4 cm, respectively, toward the base of the heart as in the normal subjects. The maximum speeds of these motions were 34.0 +/- 9.2 cm/sec leftward, caudally and anteriory at the anterior-basal point and 36.2 +/- 7.3 cm/sec rightward, caudally and posteriorly in the normal subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542925 TI - Raillietina cesticillus: variability of infections in experimentally infected chickens. AB - In experimental Raillietina cesticillus infections in chickens, the age of cysticercoids, the method by which the cysticercoids are administered and prior starvation of the host are factors that influence the development of infections. PMID- 6542927 TI - [Usefulness of ECG gated cardiac computed tomography in measurement of left ventricular volume and wall thickness]. AB - Electrocardiogram gated cardiac computed tomography (CT) was performed to evaluate the usefulness in the measurement of left ventricular volume and left ventricular wall thickness in 25 patients; five with angina pectoris, five with old myocardial infarction, eight with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, four with dilated cardiomyopathy, and three healthy men. The left ventricular volume was calculated as the sum of the volume of each slice, which was area times thickness of the slice. The left ventricular wall thickness was measured in reconstructed short-axis view at the level of the mitral valve and papillary muscle. The left ventricular volume and left ventricular wall thickness determined by CT were compared with that by left ventriculography (LVG), and that by two-dimensional echocardiography (2 DE), respectively. The following results were obtained. There were good relationships between left ventricular volume, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, ejection fraction by CT and those by LVG, but left ventricular volume by CT was smaller by about 20% than that by LVG. In the measurement of stroke volume, no relationship was recognized between CT and LVG. Concerning the measurement of left ventricular wall thickness, more available figures were obtained by CT than by 2 DE, particularly at the apical region, lateral wall, and posterior wall. In the other segments of the left ventricle, CT was also more suitable for the measurement of the wall thickness. Interventricular septal thickness was correlated between reconstructed short-axis view of CT (Y) and transverse view of CT (X), and the equations Y = 0.66X + 2.13 (r = 0.79) at the mitral valve level, and Y = 0.56X + 3.00 (r = 0.81) at the papillary muscle level were obtained. Therefore, reconstructed short-axis view should be used for the measurement of the left ventricular wall thickness not to overestimate the thickness. PMID- 6542928 TI - [Left ventricular diastolic filling patterns in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial infarction: studies by pulsed doppler echocardiography and multi-gated blood pool scans]. AB - Relationship between various parameters of the left ventricular inflow velocity patterns by pulsed Doppler echocardiography and the early diastolic mean filling rate (V1) by multi-gated blood pool scans was evaluated. The materials consist of 26 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), 24 with old myocardial infarction (MI), seven with hypertensive heart disease (HHD), seven with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), seven with ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 16 normal subjects (N). The results were as follows: 1. Acceleration time (AT) and deceleration time (DT) were significantly prolonged in HCM (120 +/- 20 msec, 147 +/- 23 msec), MI (102 +/- 17 msec, 124 +/- 21 msec), HHD (105 +/- 11 msec, 141 +/ 17 msec) and IHD (111 +/- 16 msec, 122 +/- 20 msec) compared with those of normals (89 +/- 20 msec, 106 +/- 18 msec). 2. V1 was significantly decreased in HCM (1.14 +/- 0.28 sec-1), MI (0.68 +/- 0.24 sec-1), HHD (0.73 +/- 0.12 sec-1), DCM (0.67 +/- 0.30 sec-1) and IHD (1.03 +/- 0.29 sec-1) compared with that of normals (1.48 +/- 0.28 sec-1). 3. There were significant negative correlations between V1 and AT or DT in HCM, IHD with slightly impaired diastolic filling and normals. However, there were significant positive correlations between V1 and AT or DT in MI and DCM. These findings suggested that left ventricular diastolic filling is impaired in both HCM and MI, and that DT-V1 relationship is useful for differentiating HCM characterized by the "chamber stiffness" from MI characterized by the "myocardial stiffness". PMID- 6542930 TI - [Experimental study on coronary circulation of apico-aortic bypass graft]. PMID- 6542929 TI - Dose-survival curves of cis-platinum, melphalan, and velban in human granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells. AB - To optimize the in vitro concentrations of anticancer agents with clinical dose limiting myelosuppression in the human tumor stem cell assay, we established dose survival curves for cis-platinum, melphalan, and velban in normal human granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-gm) in a bilayer agar system. The LD50 (drug concentration capable of killing 50% of CFU-gm) of cis-platinum, melphalan, and velban for one-hour exposure was (a) greater than 10 micrograms/ml, (b) 0.9 microgram/ml, and 1.2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The respective values for continuous exposure were 0.3 microgram/ml, 0.12 microgram/ml, and 0.001 microgram/ml. The use of dose ranges based on bone marrow tolerance may influence the clinical value of in vitro tumor sensitivity studies of drugs with hematologic toxicity. PMID- 6542931 TI - [A successful operative case of congenital rubella syndrome--subaortic membranous stenosis associated with VSD, PDA and branch PS]. PMID- 6542932 TI - [Isolation and properties of methotrexate-resistant choriocarcinoma cells in vitro]. AB - The sensitivity to methotrexate (MTX) of ten kinds of human choriocarcinoma cell lines was studied in vitro. The cell line most sensitive to MTX was HCCM-5 and it was fed with a medium containing increasing concentrations of MTX. A resistant subline (HCCM-5R) which could proliferate in the medium containing 5 X 10(-7)M MTX was obtained after about 80 weeks of feeding. The properties of HCCM-5R cells were compared with those of the parent HCCM-5 cells. i) There were no apparent differences in morphology between the HCCM-5 and HCCM-5R lines. The population doubling time was almost the same for both cell lines. ii) The hCG level in the culture fluid of the HCCM-5R cells was about twice as high as that of the HCCM-5 cells. iii) The concentration of MTX which inhibited 50% of DNA synthesis in HCCM 5R cells was 10,000 times higher than that for HCCM-5 cells. iv) Each X and Y chromosome was identified in 90% of the HCCM-5 cells, while no Y chromosome was detected in the HCCM-5R cells. v) The DNA distribution pattern for HCCM-5R cells consisted of a large fraction of each cell with DNA G1 phase content and distributed in the tetraploid range, whereas that of HCCM-5 showed no particular cell cycle pattern. vi) The incorporation of 3H-MTX in the HCCM-5R cells was one tenth of that in the HCCM-5. vii) The intracellular DHFR activity of the HCCM-5R cells was about 5 times higher than that of HCCM-5. These results suggest that MTX-resistant cells among the HCCM-5 cells were selected in long-term contact with MTX, and sensitivity to MTX was concerned with both the MTX transport and intracellular DHFR levels. PMID- 6542933 TI - Studies on the inhibition of pancreatic and microbial lipases by soybean proteins. AB - A protein, molecular weight 70,000 that inhibits pancreatic lipase has been isolated from soybean seeds. Inhibition is not reversed by colipase unless bile salts are added to the assay system. Inhibitory properties of the purified protein are very similar to those of serum albumin or alpha-lactoglobulin. It has been confirmed that, during intestinal lipolysis of dietary fats, bile salts play an essential role for the activation of the lipase-colipase system in the presence of inhibitory proteins. The purified soybean lipase inhibitory protein was shown to be highly surface-active and able to penetrate monomolecular films of various glycerides and phospholipids at high surface pressure. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by proteins is related to their capacity to interact with lipids and to modify the quality of the substrate-water interface. The protein isolated from soybeans inhibits pancreatic and Rh. delemar lipase in contrast to the Rh. arrhizus enzyme. PMID- 6542934 TI - A method for the identification and typing of the subtypes of the Gc 1 allele from dried bloodstains. PMID- 6542935 TI - Analysis of the common genetic variants of the human Gc system in plasma and bloodstains by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients. PMID- 6542936 TI - Cognitive and personality differences between identical twins following skull fractures. PMID- 6542937 TI - Correction of congenital hydrocephalus in utero II: Efficacy of in utero shunting. AB - To study the effect of in utero ventricular decompression of hydrocephalus on brain development and prognosis, and to evaluate the function and possible complications of different shunt designs, we created fetal hydrocephalus in 28 fetal lambs and 17 fetal monkeys by injecting kaolin into the cisterna magna during the third trimester. One fetal lamb had indwelling intracranial subdural and amniotic cavity pressure catheters placed to study serial changes in the relationship of intracranial pressure (ICP) and amniotic fluid pressure (AFP) from the time of injection until term. Twenty hydrocephalic fetal lambs underwent ventricular decompression--ventriculoamniotic (V-A), N = 10; ventriculo-right atrial (V-RA), N = 9; and ventriculo-pleural (V-PL), N = 1--21 to 25 days after the kaolin was injected; seven hydrocephalic fetuses were left unshunted as controls (CON). Eight fetal monkeys underwent V-A decompression 14 to 21 days after kaolin injection; nine were left unshunted as controls. All animals were delivered by cesarean section near term, assessed for viability and their brains examined grossly and microscopically. After kaolin injection in the fetal lamb, ICP (r = 0.94) and ICP minus AFP (r = 0.93) rose in a linear fashion, while AFP showed no trend (r = 0.22). All unshunted newborn lambs and monkeys had split sutures, dilated ventricles, and thinned cortical mantle. Most shunted lambs showed anatomic improvement with decreased head circumference, overriding sutures, normal-sized ventricles, and improved survival. However, histopathology revealed marked white matter destruction. In contrast, most shunted monkeys showed little anatomic improvement. Both shunted and unshunted monkey brains showed a severe inflammatory ventriculitis. In both lambs and monkeys, shunting was associated with a variety of complications including subdural hematoma, subdural hygroma, shunt infection, shunt occlusion, and improper shunt tip placement. In this experimental model, in utero decompression of obstructive hydrocephalus improves overall survival, improves gross ventriculomegaly, does not improve histopathologic brain damage, and is associated with significant complications. The choice of the optimal shunt design and the effect on postnatal neurologic function requires further study. This work emphasizes the need for continuing research in an animal model prior to human application. PMID- 6542938 TI - Urothelial lesions in mice given 4-ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide, acetazolamide, and oxamide. AB - 4-Ethylsulfonylnaphthalene-1-sulfonamide, acetazolamide and oxamide were administered in the diet to female BALB/c mice for varying periods of time from three to eighty weeks. All three compounds induced lesions in the urothelium. In the bladder, these included simple hyperplasia, nodular hyperplasia, inflammation and calculi. Similar lesions were observed in the ureter and urethra, along with a novel lesion, diverticulum, in the ureter. The diverticular lesions existed as down-growths of the transitional epithelium which often extended from the mucosa through the muscle layers to the adventitial surface. The etiology of the lesions appeared to be related to urinary physiological alterations (crystalluria, calculi, hypoosmolality) caused by administration of the compounds. PMID- 6542939 TI - Coping and adjustment to genital herpes. AB - The current study examined how individuals deal with genital herpes, a recurrent, incurable disease with a great psychological impact. An assessment battery composed of cognitive and problem-focused coping, attribution, and social support mechanisms was employed. These coping mechanisms were correlated with measures of psychological adjustment: self-esteem, depression, sexual adjustment, and amount upset by herpes. Subjects were 152 people with herpes recruited from self-help groups and people from the community who volunteered to participate in the study. Results supported several hypotheses derived from previous research on coping with life stressors. Cognitive coping mechanisms, especially negative thoughts, along with wishful thinking and characterological self-blame, were significant predictors of poor psychological adjustment. In addition, the repeated use of disease management strategies was found to correlate with poor psychological adjustment. Further research in the area of coping with chronic illness is suggested. PMID- 6542940 TI - Tissue nitrogen and potassium variation in trauma, starvation, and realimentation. AB - Total body or exchangeable potassium is used as an important indicator of body cell mass in the study of body composition. Body composition studies have been used extensively in the study of nutrition but recent work has questioned the validity of using changes in total body potassium as a measure of protein or nitrogen variation. To investigate the relationship between tissue nitrogen and potassium during nutritional manipulation 382 tissue samples from 100 surgical patients were analyzed by Kjeldahl analysis for nitrogen content and flame photometric analysis for potassium content. Nitrogen was related to potassium in parenchymous or cellular tissues by the relationship N (mg/g) = 14.7 + 0.17 K (microEq/g). The tissue content of the two elements was highly correlated (r = 0.80, p less than or equal to 0.001). For skeletal muscle a similar relationship existed N (mg/g) = 16.6 + 0.15 K (microEq/g) (r = 0.76, p less than or equal to 0.001). These relationships held for all nutritional states and degrees of trauma and nutritional manipulation. In sequential parenchymous tissue samples obtained from 15 subjects delta N/delta K = 0.17 +/- 0.03 mg/microEq. Nonparenchymous or acellular tissue nitrogen and potassium were poorly correlated. The potassium content was very low in these tissues. Exchangeable potassium was a valid indicator of parenchymous tissue nitrogen and as such a legitimate measure of nutritional status. PMID- 6542941 TI - [Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) with a remission following splenectomy after the failure of antiplatelet therapy and plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6542942 TI - [Argon dye laser endoscopy: apparatus and technics]. PMID- 6542943 TI - [Laser endoscopic treatment of colonic cancers]. PMID- 6542944 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges induced in human lymphocytes by cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II). AB - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) frequency in cultured lymphocytes from seven patients with lung cancer receiving cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (Pt(II] for chemotherapy was studied. Significantly increased SCE frequency was observed in all the patients, six of whom received intravenous infusion of Pt(II) and one of whom received the agent as an intrapleural infusion. In addition, a dose dependent increase in the frequency of SCE was observed in lymphocytes from healthy subjects upon exposure to Pt(II) in vitro. The results of the present study revealed that Pt(II) is a potent inducer of SCE in human lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro. It thus appears that follow-up study of the long-term survivors who have been treated with this agent for cancer is necessary because of the possible occurrence of secondary neoplasms. PMID- 6542945 TI - Evaluation of ELISA with ABTS, 2-2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid), as the substrate of peroxidase and its application to the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. AB - A micro-technique of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using ABTS, 2,2' azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid), as a substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate was studied. In a comparative study among 4 substrates, namely; 5-aminosalicylic acid (5AS), O-phenylenediamine (OPD), O tolidine (OT) and ABTS, for HRP in terms of sensitivity, it was found that ABTS was the most sensitive, stable and the best in visuality by its bluish-green color. The precise reproducibility of ELISA readings was attained by making correction of observed absorbance with positive reference serum. Sera from 50 patients positive for S. japonicum (Sj) egg and from 50 healthy residents in non infested areas were diluted at 1:200 and examined by this procedure of ELISA against crude egg antigen. The upper limit of 99% critical range of the absorbance among negative sera was 0.080. The reactions of egg positive cases were beyond this value, being 0.505 at the minimal absorbance (1.259 +/- 0.278), and were easily distinguished from negatives even by naked eyes. Cross-reactivity to Sj egg antigen was studied using sera from 75 cases with 22 kinds of varied parasitic infections. Among them, S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections showed higher absorbance while the others did a little higher than the normal range. The highest absorbance shown by a Trichobilharzia brevis case was 0.177. The results indicated that micro-ELISA technique with ABTS developed in the present study is applicable to the field survey because of its high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility. PMID- 6542946 TI - Distribution of Gc subtypes in Yamanashi Prefecture. PMID- 6542947 TI - Beneficial effect of idebenone (CV-2619) on cerebral ischemia-induced amnesia in rats. AB - An experimental model of amnesia induced by cerebral ischemia after one-trial passive avoidance learning was established to test the effects of a novel compound, 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (idebenone, CV-2619), and some commonly used drugs in rats. One day after the vertebral artery was electrocauterized bilaterally, the common carotid artery was transiently occluded bilaterally to produce cerebral ischemia. The amnesia was estimated by the response latency for a rat to step from a light safety compartment to a dark compartment in which a foot-shock was given. The results of the retention test given 24 hr after the ischemia indicated that amnesia was successfully produced when the 200-600 sec ischemia was provided within 20 min after the avoidance learning. The effects of drugs on the amnesia induced by a 200-sec ischemia immediately after the avoidance learning were as follows: CV 2619 (10, 30 mg/kg, i.p. or p.o.) given before the retention test significantly increased the response latency, indicating a reversal effect on the amnesia. Physostigmine (0.1, 0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) and arginine-vasopressin (10 micrograms/kg, s.c.) were also effective, and calcium hopantenate (500 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a slight reversal action. Furthermore, CV-2619 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), given before or after the ischemia, significantly inhibited the appearance of amnesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542948 TI - 6-Oxo-prostaglandin E1 hypoglycemic effect in mice. PMID- 6542949 TI - [The relationship in the diurnal rhythm of electrical and mechanical activity between the stomach and the duodenum in dogs]. AB - Simultaneous 24 hrs' polygraphic recording of the electrical potentials and the contractions of the stomach and duodenum was done in the unanesthetized state of mongrel dogs with chronically implanted electrodes and their interrelationship between these two organs was studied. The results obtained were as follows: In contrast to the diurnal rhythm of gastric activity after feeding, the frequency of the duodenal basic electric rhythm (BER) once increased immediately after feeding and thereafter gradually decreased during the fed state. A negative correlation was found with statistical significance between the frequencies of the gastric and duodenal BERs during the fed state. Tachygastria exhibiting the high frequency BER appeared in the antrum at the silent period of the fasting state, while any similar phenomena were not observed in the duodenum. In the fasting state, the interdigestive migrating contraction (IMC) occurred periodically and synchronously with each other of the two organs. Regarding each contraction, the duodenal contraction was inhibited at a strong contraction of the stomach. These results suggest that the BERs of the stomach and duodenum are not directly propagated to each other and that some reciprocal interaction between the two organs may come out in the fed state probably by reflexes via intramural nerve plexuses. PMID- 6542950 TI - Diurnal changes in peripheral melatonin concentration in goats and effects of light or dark interruption. PMID- 6542951 TI - [Calcium sensitivity and aggregative capacity of thrombocytes in rats with spontaneous hypertension at rest and under stress]. PMID- 6542952 TI - [Effect of hypokinesia on lipid peroxidation in the tissues of rats on an atherogenic diet]. PMID- 6542953 TI - [Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6542954 TI - [Prevention of heart contractile disorders in experimental infarct by using preliminary adaptation to stress exposure and opioid peptides]. AB - Preliminary adaptation to brief immobilization stresses was shown to reduce impairments of the contractile function of the left ventricle in an experimental myocardial infarction both under conditions of physiological rest and following the short blocking of the aorta. This protective effect is occasioned, along with other factors, by the prevention of the stressory damage to the non-ischemic portions of the heart. The same adaptation increased the levels of enkephalins and beta-endorphin in the cerebral and adrenal structures. The preliminary administration of beta-endorphin prior to the stimulation of an experimental infarction considerably prevented stressory disorders of the contractile function of the right atrium. PMID- 6542955 TI - [Natural resistance of the body to infection in suppurative-necrotic processes and its correction]. PMID- 6542956 TI - [Sudden death in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6542957 TI - [Late results of the surgical correction of aortic subvalvular stenosis]. PMID- 6542958 TI - Increased reactivity of Schistosoma japonicum eggs in the circumoval precipitin test after hydrochloric acid treatment. PMID- 6542959 TI - Alcohol withdrawal causes a loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells in mice. AB - Mice received a liquid diet containing alcohol for 4 months, after which half of them were sacrificed and the others given a 4-month recovery period before being sacrificed. They were compared with similar mice receiving the diet with alcohol replaced isocalorically by sucrose. No damage was detected in the cerebellum during alcohol consumption, but the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced in the recovery period. The experiment was repeated twice with mice consuming a normal diet but exposed to alcohol vapor. The first group was exposed to alcohol vapor 24 hr/day for 3 weeks and then given alternating 1-week periods of recovery and exposure 24 hr/day until a total of 6 weeks of exposure to alcohol vapor and 4 one-week recovery periods had been experienced. They were compared with similar mice exposed to alcohol vapor 24 hr/day for 6 weeks without a recovery period. The second group was exposed to alcohol vapor 9 hr/day for 3 weeks, when part of the group was given a 3-week recovery period. In both experiments, damage was not detected in the cerebellum during alcohol exposure, but in mice withdrawn from alcohol, the number of Purkinje cells was reduced and qualitative evidence of neuronal degeneration was found with a silver stain. In a further group of mice, exposure to alcohol vapor was tapered off gradually, and no evidence of neuronal loss was found. Indications in the literature that withdrawal from alcohol can cause brain damage are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6542960 TI - The role of electron microscopy in cardiological diagnosis from our own studies. PMID- 6542961 TI - [Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. Morphologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural and immunologic study]. PMID- 6542962 TI - [Tonsillectomy with a laser dissector. Preliminary report]. AB - A so called laser-dissector with a flexible beam guide system for tonsillectomy is described. With this instrument the tissue is irradiated for a very short time resulting in a coagulation of the peritonsillar tissue with closure of the small vessels even before mechanical dissection is performed. A preliminary report of 10 patients is given. The main advantage is that the procedure could be performed without or with much less bleeding as in tonsillectomy without using vasoconstrictors. PMID- 6542963 TI - Argon laser photocoagulation in the management of retinal detachment and predisposing lesions. AB - During the years 1979-1982 we treated by argon laser photocoagulation 863 eyes of 551 patients affected by peripheral retinal degenerations and breaks. No case of progression to retinal detachment has been registered so far. In the same period, we treated 42 patients affected by retinal detachment of different topography (three posterior pole and 39 peripheral detachments) and size (mostly limited detachments, 12 as large as a quadrant, two larger than a quadrant). In 41 of these 42 eyes, the retina is still firmly attached after a 1- to 4-year follow up, while in one case it was necessary to proceed surgically following a relapse. While argon laser photocoagulation is certainly the first choice treatment of retinal degenerations and breaks, it also appears to be a reliable alternative to scleral buckling in the management of specific cases of retinal detachment. PMID- 6542964 TI - [Determination of the zygosity of twins based on qualitative traits of palmar dermatoglyphics]. PMID- 6542965 TI - [Epidemic of yellow fever in the southeastern region of Upper Volta (October December, 1983). Epidemiological study. Preliminary results]. AB - An epidemic of yellow fever raged during the last three months of 1983 in South East of Upper Volta. It spread on about ten thousand square kilometers, in a bushy savanna area, affecting only populations living in contact with forest galleries, belonging especially to the peul ethnical group. The transmission of the virus was effected by sylvatic vectors, essentially Aedes furcifer. Serological tests showed that about 50 % of the population living in contact with forest galleries was affected, that is to say 15.000 to 17.500 people. The average death rate on the whole area was 4 % (800 to 1.700 deaths); the lethality rate was estimated between 6 and 10 % of affected people. On the whole, 54 strains of yellow fever virus were isolated from human blood samples, and 26 strains from batches of mosquitoes. We called this epidemic "intermediate sylvatic epidemic". The epidemic quickly decreased in the sylvatic area, owing to climatic conditions. A mass campaign of vaccinations prevented it from spreading to near urban centres. On this particular case, the thermostability on field of the vaccine 17D provided by the Institute Pasteur of Dakar was proved to be effective. PMID- 6542966 TI - [Course of urinary schistosomiasis over 3 consecutive years after treatment with metrifonate in a dry savanna village in Upper Volta]. AB - In a dry savanna village in Upper-Volta, after mass treatment with metrifonate (four doses of 7,5 mg/kg at three weeks intervals) checking of the population was carried out for the three following years. In children and adolescents, results show a progressive decline in the cure rate (69.0% one year after treatment, 38.1% three years after treatment) and in egg-output reduction (69.9% one year after treatment, 75.4% three years after treatment). In adults, these two parameters still remain high three years after treatment (90.0% for cure rate and 87.3% for egg-output reduction). The authors point out that in a dry savanna village with a sedentary population and a transmission limited to a small collection of water, chemotherapy even employed alone is an appreciable control method to relieve populations. PMID- 6542967 TI - Histone complements of human tissues, carcinomas, and carcinoma-derived cell lines. AB - The pattern of subtypes of the nucleosomal histones and of histone H1 was investigated in human cells from adult and fetal lung and liver, from carcinoma tissues and from carcinoma-derived cell lines, with the object of comparing these patterns, and their relationship to cell growth rate, with those in cells of other species. The subtype pattern of the nucleosomal histones H2A and H3 shows a correlation with replication rate. In adult tissues, subtype H3-3 predominates over H3-2 and H3-1, and the subtype H2A-1 and H2A-2 are approximately equally abundant. In fetal tissues, lung carcinoma and cultured carcinoma-derived cell lines, the subtype H3-1 is predominant and H2A-1 is more abundant than H2A-2. The subtype pattern of H1 also differs between normal and carcinoma cells, among different tissues, and in different cell lines derived from the same type of carcinoma. In particular, the relative level of H1 degrees differs in several cell lines showing relatively high rates of replication, and in some cases represents more than 25% of the total H1, similar to the level in slowly replicating normal adult liver and lung tissues. The relative level of H1 degrees does not therefore appear to be correlated in a simple manner with cell growth rate in these human cells. PMID- 6542968 TI - Drug resistance induction and cross-resistance studies with Pt-complexes. AB - In vitro drug resistance was induced against cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP), 1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum-(II)citrate (PEX) and 1,2 diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II)glucarate (PTU) in L1210 leukemia cell line. Using the resistant sublines cross-resistance was found between cis-DDP and cis diamminecyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) (CBDCA) and between the three 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) derivatives tested. No (or low degree) cross resistance was found between cis-DDP and DACH derivatives. PMID- 6542969 TI - [Adult identical twins with moyamoya disease]. AB - Adult identical twins with Moyamoya disease are reported. Laboratory examinations such as blood types, AB, Rh(+), HLA (human leucocytic antigen) analysis [AW26(9), A26(10), BW62(15), BW61(40), CW3], and finger prints, and hairs confirmed that two patients were identical twins. Both had normal serum immunoglobulin levels and no anti-DNA antibodies. Patient No. 1, a 39-year-old female, was admitted to our service with chief complaints of nausea, vomiting and left hemiparesis with sudden onset on Oct 31, 1981. The patient had an episode of tetraplegia that occurred suddenly at 4 years of her age and lasted about a week. Motor weakness had completely disappeared but moderate mental retardation remained. She had been employed just prior to this attack. CT and angiographic examinations revealed ventricular hemorrhage with Moyamoya disease, which had miliary aneurysm in the branch of the right posterior choroidal artery. The operation of encephalomyosynangiosis was performed on her left hemisphere. The postoperative course was uneventful. Patient No. 2, the twin sister of patient No. 1, was in good health and mental state until 19 years of her age, when she suddenly lost consciousness and developed hemiparesis. After this attack, her motor function had recovered well. However, mental ability gradually deteriorated and she was admitted to a psychiatric ward. CT examination and angiographic studies were performed on Oct 12, 1982, and she was diagnosed as having Moyamoya disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542970 TI - [Cerebellar hemangioblastoma developing after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma]. AB - Cerebellar hemangioblastomas are known to be occasionally associated with abdominal tumors such as renal cyst and renal cell carcinoma. But most of the abdominal tumors reported are clinically silent and usually diagnosed after the hemangioblastomas have been found in the central nervous system. We report a rare case in which a renal cell carcinoma preceeded in its onset of symptoms 4 years to a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. A 56-year-old female underwent left nephrectomy because of a left renal cell carcinoma at the age of 49. About 4 years after the nephrectomy, she developed signs and symptoms of intracranial hypertension and was operated on for a cerebellar tumor which was histologically diagnosed as hemangioblastoma. Her family history was non-contributory. Four years later, recurrence of the cerebellar tumor was found on the CT scan and abdominal studies were negative except for a suspected parapelvic cyst in the right kidney on abdominal ultrasonography. Subtotal removal of the cerebellar hemangioblastoma was performed followed by irradiation. PMID- 6542971 TI - Differences in ontogeny, premorbid personality, and severity of schizophrenia in twins. PMID- 6542972 TI - Autonomic responses in children with residual manifestations of early cerebral pathology. PMID- 6542973 TI - A review of public health regulations on lead. AB - A review of public health regulations pertaining to lead exposure is the subject of this paper. Although lead had been used for centuries in the fabrication of a host of products, it was not until the mid-nineteenth century that the clinical pattern of lead poisoning was described in the medical literature. With this recognition gradually came government health regulations designed to limit human exposure to lead from occupational and environmental sources. The British, in particular, developed during the period 1890 to 1920 comprehensive rules and regulations pertaining to occupational lead exposures. The development and imposition of U.S. health regulations occurred later in the twentieth century; federal regulations not generally appearing until the 1970's. At present, several U.S. government agencies have promulgated regulations intended to prevent lead poisoning from paint; limit lead in ambient air, drinking water, workplace environments and consumer products; and reduce lead in fuels and fuel additives used in motor vehicles. These regulations are reviewed in terms of their extent of coverage. There is evidence, in some instances indirect in nature, that human exposure to lead in U.S. populations has been reduced, though comprehensive data are lacking. The Centers for Disease Control has reported that the mean blood lead level in the U.S. has decreased 36%, paralleling a reduction in the lead content of gasoline. For occupational lead exposure, comprehensive morbidity data do not exist, but an evaluation of NIOSH health hazard evaluations (HHE's) specific to lead show a gradual reduction since 1977 in the percentage of HHE's for which airborne lead exceeded 0.20 mg/m3, which at one time had been the federal standard for occupational lead exposure, prior to reduction of the U.S. standard to 0.05 mg/m3. PMID- 6542974 TI - Neurotoxicology of lead. Reviews and recent advances. Proceedings of the Lead Neurotoxicity Symposium, September 20-21, 1982, Chicago, Illinois. PMID- 6542975 TI - Morphometric effects of preweaning lead exposure on the hippocampal formation of adult rats. AB - We previously observed that lead exposure beginning at parturition reduced or retarded neuropil development and synaptogenesis in specific regions of the hippocampal formation in 15-day-old rats. To determine if morphologic effects of perinatal lead exposure persist into adulthood, the hippocampus of rats exposed to lead from parturition to weaning via the milk of dams drinking 0.2% lead acetate was analyzed by light and electron microscopy at 90-97 days of age. Preweaning lead exposure did not cause obvious hippocampal cytotoxicity, edema, damaged vasculature or altered numerical density (number per unit area) of dentate granule or hippocampal pyramidal neurons. However, lead exposure increased the area of the hilar portion of stratum pyramidale, increased the number of blood vessels per section in the dentate stratum granulosum and tended to increase the number of glial cells per section in the non-hilar CA3 stratum pyramidale. Effects of early postnatal lead exposure on synaptic profiles in the suprapyramidal mossy fiber zone (MFZ) were limited to the proximal (close to the dentate gyrus) region of the extrahilar zone. Both numerical density and areal density (proportion of neuropil covered) of complex invaginated (Ci) profiles, typical of mature mossy fiber boutons, were increased by lead exposure in the deep (close to stratum pyramidale) subfield of the proximal portion of the suprapyramidal MFZ. Lead exposure tended to increase the mean cross-sectional area of Cl profiles in the superficial (distant from stratum pyramidale) subfield of the proximal portion, and reduced the cross-sectional area of complex noninvaginated (CN) synaptic profiles in some subfields. Although lead exposure reduced or delayed neuropil development in selected late developing hippocampal regions examined at 15 days of age, it appeared to allow normal growth or to induce compensatory hypertrophy in these same regions in the adult. PMID- 6542976 TI - Brain capillaries: a target for inorganic lead poisoning. AB - Like nutrients and waste products, toxic metals enter and leave the brain by passing through the endothelial cells of brain capillaries. In contrast to most systemic organs, the endothelial cells of the brain microvasculature are sealed together by tight junctions. The result is a blood-brain barrier produced by a continuous layer of endothelial cells. Since heavy metals most likely pass through these cells to enter the brain, it is not surprising that the metals may accumulate within and injure the capillary cells. This review will consider some of the features that distinguish endothelial cells in the brain from those in systemic organs. Special consideration will be given to processes shown in the Figure which may influence the transport and toxicity of inorganic lead. PMID- 6542977 TI - Effects of chronic lead exposure on release of endogenous catecholamines: a preliminary communication. AB - The release of endogenous dopamine and norepinephrine from six brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, s. nigra, n. accumbens-o. tubercle) of chronically lead-exposed rats was compared to release from controls. Prenatal and postnatal chronic lead intoxication was induced by 1000 ppm lead acetate in the drinking water of dams 70 days prior to mating and throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring were also maintained on 1000 ppm lead acetate until sacrificed at approximately 60 days of age. Release was measured in vitro from tissue minces prepared from both lead-exposed and control rats. There were no significant differences in spontaneous or potassium-stimulated norepinephrine release between lead-exposed and control rats. Potassium and amphetamine both stimulated striatal dopamine release; however, no marked differences between lead exposed and control tissue were seen. Potassium-stimulated release of dopamine from the nucleus accumbens-olfactory tubercle area was increased in the lead exposed animals. This is interesting in light of the postulated role of the n. accumbens in the central regulation of motor activity and the reported alterations in activity in lead-exposed rodents. PMID- 6542978 TI - The continuing hazard of lead exposure and its effects in children. AB - Recent epidemiological data have shown in U.S. children aged six months to five years, that an estimated four percent, or approximately 675,000 children, have increased lead absorption (i.e., blood lead concentration (PbB) greater than or equal to 30 micrograms Pb/dl (microgram%) whole blood). The rate was highest among low income, inner city black children, among whom 18.6% or approximately 159,000 show PbB greater than or equal to 30 micrograms%. There have been substantial reductions in the use of lead in gasoline and in lead in food during the past four years. Although the use of lead in residential paints was banned in the U.S. in 1977, a large stock of lead painted old housing remains in use today. Until this substandard old housing is completely renovated or replaced, it will remain the principle environmental lead hazard for young children. Regarding effects of lead in the CNS, there is agreement on the following: 1) sustained PbB greater than or equal to 60 micrograms% during the early preschool years substantially increases the risk of later learning impairment in school, 2) sustained PbB greater than or equal to 40 micrograms% may increase the risk significantly but moderately, 3) the clinical significance of sustained PbB during early childhood in the range of 25-40 micrograms% remains uncertain, and 4) prospective longitudinal studies are essential to delineate the CNS effects of low level lead exposure. The primary screening test for increased lead absorption is the free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) micro test. This test will detect 95% or more of children with PbB greater than or equal to 50 micrograms%; however, less than 50% are detected by the FEP test when PbB = 30-50 micrograms%. PMID- 6542979 TI - Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of rat pups and dams after exposure to lead via the maternal water supply. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in 11 brain areas of control and lead-exposed pups and dams. Lead exposure of pups was by way of the milk of dams drinking 0.2% lead acetate solution as drinking water starting at parturition. Of the brain areas studied, the cerebellum showed the greatest increase in weight (11-fold) and AChE activity per brain area (42-fold per cerebellum) from birth to 20 days, and was the only area in the pups in which AChE activity was consistently affected by the treatment. AChE activity in the cerebellum was 13% less at 10 days of age and 8% less at 20 days in lead-exposed than in control rats. This agrees with observations by others that the developing cerebellum is particularly sensitive to the effects of lead, and may be consistent with our previous report of an effect on motor coordination, i.e., slightly delayed appearance of the air righting reflex, in similarly treated pups. At weaning AChE activity in septum and olfactory tubercles was lower in lead-exposed than in control dams by 15% and 29%, respectively, and the increase in activity in the hypothalamus expected in lactating dams was attenuated by the lead exposure. Thus, lead exposure may affect AChE activity in brain areas of dams, as well as in pups, and so the potential for effects of lead exposure on the dam should not be discounted. PMID- 6542980 TI - Multiple dose exposure effects on the tissue distribution of lead in the preweanling rat. AB - The time dependent tissue/organ distribution of Pb resulting from repeated intragastric exposure of the preweanling rat to Pb acetate was investigated. On the day of parturition, 12 dams were assigned randomly either to control (nonhandled) or Pb-treated groups and their litters were culled to 8 pups. On days 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 post partum, the experimental groups received 50 mg Pb (as Pb acetate)/kg body weight containing 50 microCi of 210Pb. By day 7 (N = 15), the liver had accumulated 1.48 +/- 0.14 micrograms Pb/g wet weight (avg. +/- SE) and the kidney, 1.21 +/- 0.20 micrograms/g. However, most of the Pb was found in the intestine (129.07 +/- 20.90 micrograms/g) and intestinal contents (8.31 +/- 1.16 total Pb). By day 14 (N = 14), bone had accumulated 20.86 +/- 1.05 micrograms/g Pb while the liver and kidney levels had increased to 2.59 +/- 0.22 and 2.51 +/- 0.08 micrograms/g, respectively. At this time, blood was found to contain 0.87 +/- 0.07 micrograms/g and brain, 0.14 +/- 0.03 micrograms/g. On day 14, the greatest quantities of Pb were again found in the intestine and intestinal contents; 45.87 +/- 4.93 and 441.26 +/- 23.77 micrograms/g, respectively. By day 21 (N = 32), the concentration of Pb in liver, intestine, intestinal contents, and blood had decreased to 1.03 +/- 0.02, 4.22 +/- 1.68, 1.03 +/- 0.02 and 0.29 +/- 0.02 micrograms/g, respectively, while that in kidney remained unchanged (2.38 +/- 0.07 micrograms/g). By day 21, the concentration of Pb in bone and brain increased to 43.85 +/- 1.18 and 0.31 +/- 0.02 micrograms/g, respectively. However, it is to be noted that brain Pb levels were relatively low. There was no accumulation of Pb in lung, heart, stomach, or spleen at any time. Although the spleen did not accumulate any Pb, it was effected by Pb exposure as evidenced by a significant decrease in wet weight. Body weights of Pb treated animals were comparable to those of control animals throughout the period of preweanling development. PMID- 6542981 TI - Neurobehavioral toxicology of the organoleads. AB - Alkyl leads (R x Pb) are environmentally prevalent compounds which have been shown to produce a variety of neurological and behavioral deficits in both laboratory animals and man. Due to the increasing commercial use of these compounds, the episodes of human poisoning, and the limited understanding of their sites and mechanisms of toxicity, the organoleads, as a class, remain potentially important environmental health hazards. Recent data indicate that the constellation of behavioral effects produced by these compounds resembles the behavioral sequelae of limbic system damage. For example, alterations in sensory responsiveness and/or behavioral reactivity and task-dependent changes in avoidance learning are observed following organolead exposure and experimental disruption of the limbic system. Furthermore, neurochemical changes induced by organoleads are regionally-specific and restricted to the limbic forebrain and frontal cortex. The present review will summarize the toxic properties of organoleads, discuss their neurobehavioral effects, and suggest that these effects might be attributable to a disruption of the limbic forebrain. PMID- 6542982 TI - Triethyllead and cerebral development: an overview. AB - The immature brain is unduly vulnerable to the toxic effects of triethyllead (Et3Pb). Both brain growth and main developmental events in the tissue are appreciably restrained by this neurotoxin. Generally, the susceptibility of brain cells to Et3Pb appears to diminish with age. The major cellular alterations in the affected tissue include the destruction of cell processes, and swelling and vacuolization in the pericaryon. The effect of Et3Pb-induced poisoning is one of hypomyelination as seen from the prominent reduction in the content of cerebral myelin. Myelin-producing cells (oligodendrocytes) seem to be particularly vulnerable to Et3Pb relative to other components of the tissue. Furthermore, the toxin specifically hampers the process of myelin membrane assembly. The inhibitory effects of Et3Pb can be attributed to the interaction of this amphiphilic compound with cellular membranes and with the process of their biogenesis. PMID- 6542983 TI - Maturation of resistance to lead encephalopathy: cellular and subcellular mechanisms. AB - The rat pup fed inorganic lead has been studied extensively as an animal model of human lead encephalopathy. As in man, the sensitivity of the brain to lead toxicity is age-dependent. Pups given daily lead feedings for one week beginning in the first week of life show pathologic changes (i.e., hemorrhage, edema, and neuronal necrosis) throughout the brain including the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. Pups begun on daily lead feedings for two weeks between 10-18 days of age show similar pathologic changes almost entirely confined to the cerebellum. Pups receiving very large quantities of lead for two weeks beginning at 20 or 24 days of age develop only minimal edema or no changes by light microscopy. We have proposed that the effects of lead on cellular aerobic energy metabolism are important in the pathogenesis of the encephalopathy in the developing brain. Early in the course of lead feedings begun at 14 days of age, isolated cerebellar mitochondria show a loss of respiratory control. During the second week of lead feedings, respiration with NAD-linked substrates is inhibited in cerebellar mitochondria, but not in cerebral mitochondria, from these animals. Cerebral mitochondrial respiration in pups fed lead from birth also is inhibited while both cerebral and cerebellar mitochondrial respiration in lead-fed adults is not affected. Isolated brain mitochondria exposed to lead in vitro show similar changes; an initial respiratory stimulation (probably reflecting an energy coupled uptake of lead) and a secondary inhibition of dehydrogenases located in the mitochondrial matrix. Lead also may compete with calcium for brain mitochondrial carrier or binding sites. During maturation, the brain appears to become resistant to lead toxicity by sequestering lead away from the mitochondrial site of action. This hypothesis is based upon the observations that: 1. the in vitro effects of lead are the same in immature and mature cerebellar mitochondria; 2. the cerebral and cerebellar lead concentrations are the same in immature encephalopathic and mature encephalopathy-resistant lead-fed animals and; 3. cerebellar mitochondria from animals fed lead from 14 days of age contain much more lead than cerebral mitochondria from these animals and cerebellar mitochondria from lead-fed adults. This hypothesis is supported further by the results of recent electron microscopic and elemental microprobe studies of lead distribution in the brains of animals fed lead beginning at 14-18 days of age.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6542984 TI - An ultrastructural study of methyl ethyl ketone's effect on cultured nerve tissues. AB - Clinical and experimental animal studies have firmly established that concomitant exposure to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and n-hexane accelerates the onset and severity of hexacarbon neuropathy. This phenomenon was demonstrated recently in an organotypic tissue culture system, consisting of mouse nerve and muscle co cultures (Veronesi et al., 1984). This study also reported that cultures exposed to noncytotoxic doses of MEK alone and in combination with n-hexane developed intra-axonal inclusions containing axoplasmic debris. The present study was undertaken to detail further the morphological effects of MEK on cultured nerve tissue. Explants of mouse spinal cord with attached dorsal root ganglia were treated with MEK (300 micrograms/ml) for periods of 7 weeks and sampled intermittently for electron microscopy. Early and persistent morphological changes seen in the cytoplasm of both motor and sensory neurons included dispersed Nissl bodies and swollen granular endoplasmic reticulum. Both central and peripheral axons contained excessive agranular reticulum, swollen with a translucent material. In later stages, foci of axoplasmic debris developed, encircled by membranous profiles. These changes suggest that in culture, MEK affects neuronal metabolism and displays neurotoxic properties after prolonged exposure. PMID- 6542985 TI - Neurobehavioral toxicity of triethyltin in rats as a function of age at postnatal exposure. AB - Triethyltin (TET) has been shown to be neurotoxic when injected on postnatal day (PND) 5. In the present experiment we examined the toxicity of a single exposure to TET at several postnatal ages. Rat pups were injected ip with 0 (saline), 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg/kg TET bromide on PND 1, 5, 10 or 15. In agreement with our previous data, PND-5 exposure to 6 mg/kg TET produced behavioral toxicity and decreased adult brain weight. High dose pups were less successful in descending on a rope at 20 and 21 days of age, and were hyperactive in figure-eight mazes at 29-30 and 57-58 days of age. The spatial distribution of activity was also altered: photocell counts were increased primarily in the figure-eight area of the maze. The size of the milk bands was reduced in 6 mg/kg pups injected on either PND 1 or PND 5. Preweaning growth was decreased following all injection ages; this reduction was most pronounced for pups exposed to TET on PND 1 and PND 5. Mating behavior was disrupted in 6 mg/kg males irrespective of age at exposure. These data demonstrate a differential sensitivity to the toxicity of TET during postnatal life, with maximal susceptibility on PND 5. PMID- 6542986 TI - Healing of photocoagulation lesions affects the rate of subretinal fluid resorption. AB - We have measured the rate of subretinal fluid resorption in rabbits by monitoring the collapse of small experimental retinal detachments (blebs) filled with either Hanks' solution (non-proteinaceous) or autologous serum. Blebs filled with Hanks' solution resorbed much more rapidly over freshly lasered RPE than normal RPE, but the effect disappeared over 10 to 14 days. This time course corresponds with angiographic and histologic evidence of RPE repair. In contrast, blebs filled with serum resorbed at nearly the same rate regardless of whether the RPE had been lasered or not. We conclude that photocoagulation destroys the RPE barrier acutely, and until the barrier heals non-proteinaceous subretinal fluid will be drawn out rapidly by the oncotic pressure of the choroid. This acute effect of photocoagulation is of uncertain benefit in clinical conditions because of protein in the subretinal fluid, and it seems more likely that photocoagulation works in serous retinopathy by arresting an active source of fluid. PMID- 6542987 TI - [Congenital deafness in an infant with fetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 6542988 TI - Vimentin organizing centre in cultured epithelial cells. AB - Perinuclear buttons were identified in cultured epithelial cell lines, with monoclonal antibodies to vimentin, following treatment with drugs which disrupt intermediate filaments. These buttons appeared after 10 min when cells were exposed to 10 micrograms/ml vinblastine or cyclohexamide. After the drug was removed vimentin-containing filaments radiated from this button through the cytoplasm. In some cells peripheral buttons appeared, up to six in one cell. Within 1 h the filaments had reformed to a normal pattern for intermediate filaments. These buttons did not form in mesenchymal cell lines, mouse; rat and 3T3 fibroblasts. They appeared only in epithelial cell lines. Monoclonal antibodies to keratin and tubulin did not stain these buttons. These appear to be discrete entities separate from the microtubule organizing centre and to be found only in cultured epithelial cell lines. This structure may act as the organization centre for vimentin in cultured epithelial cell lines. PMID- 6542989 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - Cryptosporidiosis was found in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The microbiological and morphological features of this newly recognized opportunistic infection are distinctive and diagnostic. PMID- 6542990 TI - [Combined effect of adrenergic blockaders and stress on the contraction of portal vein smooth muscle in rats]. PMID- 6542991 TI - [Extracardiac regulation in emotional stress (on the centenary of I.P. Pavlov's work "Centrifugal Nerves of the Heart")]. PMID- 6542992 TI - Trace metal metabolism in cultured skin fibroblasts of the mottled mouse: response to metallothionein inducers. AB - Menkes' kinky hair syndrome is a lethal X-linked disorder marked by tissue specific increases in copper content. An animal model of kinky hair syndrome is provided by mice mutant at the X-linked mottled locus. The basic defect is unknown. In order to discriminate among potential etiologies, we asked whether the expression of the mottled mutation causes abnormalities in the metabolism of trace metals other than copper in hemizygous mottled (blotchy) cultured skin fibroblasts, and whether we can differentiate mutant and normal cells according to their response to metal inducers of metallothionein. Blotchy fibroblasts accumulated up to 12 times more 64Cu than control (littermate) cells, over time and over a range of 64Cu concentrations. A saturable high affinity component to 64Cu accumulation over a fixed time interval was revealed in these studies. While 64Cu uptake kinetics were indistinguishable in mutant and control cells, the patterns of 64Cu exit differed. In both cell types, the rate of release of a rapidly exchangeable fraction of newly acquired 64Cu was similar. However, in mutant cells, a larger fraction of recently accumulated 64Cu is retained. In contrast to the results for 64Cu, accumulation and exit of 65Zn and 109Cd were not distinguishable in mutants and controls. With exposure to either a strong (cadmium) or weaker (zinc) inducer of metallothionein, 64Cu accumulation was increased in normal cells, while there was no change from the already elevated level of 64Cu accumulation in blotchy cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6542993 TI - [Catecholaminergic activity and emotional state of children with functional disorders of the circulatory system]. PMID- 6542994 TI - [Significance of nuclear magnetic resonance in current diagnosis]. AB - Up to now, a total of 500 patients were examined using a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging system which utilizes a 0.3 Tesla magnet. These data together with others reported in the literature show the possible clinical applications of this technique. Images in 3 projections, high soft-tissue contrast, and different NMR signals lead to outstanding diagnostic visualization of regular tissue and malignant lesions. NMR is currently centred on the central nervous system. Of great importance is its ability to detect lesions in the posterior fossa and in the spinal canal as well as malformations in the cervico-cranial area. The routine use in clinical practice is limited by the lack of standardized imaging parameters and of experience by the examiner himself. But because NMR has the advantages of not being an invasive technique and avoiding radiation or iodine containing contrast media, patients should, even at this early stage and given a clear indication, not to be deprived of these advantages. PMID- 6542995 TI - Diagnosis and management of insomnia. AB - The symptom of insomnia concerns not only psychiatrists, but other physicians as well. Most cases of insomnia resolve with the passage of time or when the underlying medical or psychiatric condition is treated. For situational insomnias or psychophysiologic insomnias, consider nonpharmacologic interventions before prescribing a sedative-hypnotic. When a sedative-hypnotic is indicated, the BZs are the drugs of choice because of their better margin of safety and lower potential for abuse. In most cases, limit the use of a sedative-hypnotic to several days to a few weeks. PMID- 6542996 TI - [Method of indirect evaluation of the pharmacodynamic properties of new insulin preparations]. PMID- 6542998 TI - The postsynaptic domain in Torpedo marmorata electric organ: molecular architecture and stabilization mechanisms. PMID- 6542997 TI - [Case of disseminated mycotic lesions of the lungs]. PMID- 6542999 TI - F-actin capping proteins. PMID- 6543000 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte deformability by concanavalin A. PMID- 6543001 TI - The role of the GABA mechanisms of the globus pallidus in mediating catalepsy, stereotypy and locomotor activity. AB - Muscimol, picrotoxin and bicuculline were injected bilaterally through permanently implanted cannulae into either anterior (GPa) or posterior parts of the globus pallidus (GPp) of rats. Both the muscimol injected into the GPa and the picrotoxin injected into the GPp abolished or strongly inhibited spiperone (0.2 mg/kg, IP)-induced catalepsy. Muscimol alone (25-200 ng/0.2 microliter/GP) injected into the GPa evoked a dose-dependent biphasic effect: at first catalepsy (throughout 7.3 min), and then a long-lasting (more than 2 hr) locomotor stimulation and stereotyped sniffing. Muscimol (200 ng/GP) injected into GPp inhibited both the spontaneous motility and amphetamine-induced hyperactivity. Picrotoxin (200 and 400 ng/GP) injections into GPa and GPp produced an increase of the locomotor activity as well as stereotyped sniffing. Picrotoxin started to block muscimol hyperactivity when its own stimulatory action disappeared, thus also for picrotoxin the second phase of action could be detected. The globus pallidus is shown to be a relay station of impulses mediating neuroleptic catalepsy. Furthermore, it is suggested that behavioural changes induced by muscimol resulted from the action of the drug on at least 2 different neuronal systems, both being controlled by GABA receptors. One of them seems to be responsible for inducing neuroleptic-like catalepsy, and the other one for the hyperactivity and blockade of spiperone-catalepsy. PMID- 6543002 TI - Reassessing morphine effects in cats: II. Protracted effects on sleep-wakefulness and the EEG. AB - Adult cats were implanted with standard electrodes to record EEG, EOG, and EMG. After 15 days, morphine sulphate or saline placebo was given IP at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg/kg, at least 15 days apart. Cats were continuously recorded for 72 hr postinjection. Wakefulness, drowsiness, NREM and REM sleep percentages were scored from polygraphic features and statistically analysed. There was a dose dependent suppression of NREM and REM sleep for at least 6 hours postmorphine, with a progressive sleep recovery thereafter. During the insomnia period there was an EEG/behavioral dissociation where bursts of high-voltage waves were seen over a background of desynchrony; meanwhile the animal was first aroused although quiet and later showed stereotypic behavior. There was a prolonged NREM sleep rebound which started later at the higher doses. A significant, relatively brief REM sleep rebound was seen only at the lowest dose. The latency for NREM and REM sleep onset was also dose-dependent. Possible brain sites of morphine actions and similarities with effects in other species are discussed. PMID- 6543003 TI - Reassessing morphine effects in cats: III. Responses of intact, caudate nuclei lesioned and hemispherectomized animals following chronic administration and precipitated withdrawal. AB - Behavioral response to low doses of morphine (2.0 to 3.0 mg/kg, IP) administered for up to 15 days, and responses to subsequent naloxone challenges, were measured in intact, unilaterally and bilaterally caudate-lesioned (acaudate) cats, and in hemispherectomized cats using a video time-sampling method. For all groups minor tolerance to posture and movement activation patterns was seen, with a reciprocal increase in motor relaxation, which was somewhat more marked for acaudate cats. In contrast to this weak tolerance, all cats showed strong, typical withdrawal manifestations at the beginning of abstinence and a "mini withdrawal" could still be precipitated 15-30 days later when morphine was no longer detectable in the blood. The cats with the unilateral lesions showed whole body turning toward the lesioned side after morphine and away from the lesioned side following naloxone. Only hemispherectomized and acaudate animals showed significant physical deterioration (e.g., weight loss, decreased activity). The comparisons between weak tolerance development versus strong physical dependence and the possible mechanisms involved in shifting the turning biases are discussed. The potential of the cat as a model for studying opiate effects is stressed. PMID- 6543004 TI - Pharmacological and toxicological investigations of cesium. AB - Cesium, a mineral resource abundantly present in Manitoba with important existing and potential industrial applications was investigated to study its effects on biological systems. Several rodent models of pharmacological activities were utilized. The profile that emerged indicated that cesium is only moderately toxic and exerts salubrious effects which could be gainfully investigated for application in the treatment of certain psychological disorders and some tumors. Its conjunction with existing pharmacological agents for these two types of disorders could yield a pharmacologically active yet less toxic therapeutic combination. PMID- 6543005 TI - Lithium, rubidium and cesium: cerebral pharmacokinetics and alcohol interactions. AB - The distribution of exogenously administered Li+, Rb+ and Cs+ in distinct mouse brain regions was studied as a function of time subsequent termination of a short term daily treatment with these alkali metal salts. The resulting distribution profiles were compared with that obtained from the corresponding endogenous alkali metals. Endogenous Rb+ and Cs+ were readily measurable in all 6 brain regions studied compared to traces of measurable Li+. The Rb+ concentration was greater than that of Cs+. Short-term treatment with equal doses of the alkali metals studied showed greater brain accumulation of Rb+ and Cs+ than Li+ with a prolonged brain regions preference for Cs+ storages as a function of time. Duration of ethanol-mediated narcosis was reduced from saline controls by pretreatment with RbCl or CsCl as contrasted with prolongation by LiCl. The narcotic dosage of ethanol used reduced endogeneous Li+ and increased Cs+ levels in the cerebellum. This massive ethanol dosage exerted little effect on the distribution of exogenously administered Cs+ with exception of the striatum which continued to show a high content of Cs+. This may have contributed to partial antagonism of ethanol-depressant action and to restoring of motor function, i.e., rapid regaining of righting reflex. The results showed that Cs+ possessed longer biological life time in the brain than Rb+ or Li+ which may be of therapeutic value, i.e., in the use of Cs salts in treatment of brain tumors and in conjunction with psychoactive agents provided the respective chemotherapeutic and antidepressant properties of CsCl have been established. PMID- 6543006 TI - Correction of polyuria by activation of adenylate cyclase in Brattleboro rats. AB - The diterpene forskolin has been demonstrated to activate adenylate cyclase in many tissues, independently of receptors, guanyl nucleotides or the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. Rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain) have a defect in the synthesis of vasopressin. This absence of vasopressin is reflected by polyuria and a decrease in the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP, which mediates the action of vasopressin in the epithelial cells of the collecting ducts. Treatment of Brattleboro rats or of control Long-Evans rats with forskolin in doses as low as 7 micrograms/animal produced a significant decrease in urine volume. The reduction in urinary volume was associated with a significant increase in the cyclic AMP content of renal medullary tissue. Thus, systemic activation of adenylate cyclase can correct the pathophysiological consequences of the absence of vasopressin. PMID- 6543007 TI - Roseoflavin inhibition of photoconidiation in a Trichoderma riboflavin auxotroph: indirect evidence for flavin requirement for photoreactions. PMID- 6543008 TI - Effects of 5-thio-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose upon stomach-emptying in the golden hamster. AB - 5-Thio-D-glucose (200 and 500 mg/kg) produced hyperglycemia and significantly retarded emptying of the pregastric pouch of hamsters. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose did not affect stomach-emptying at either of the doses used (500 and 1000 mg/kg), but did cause hyperglycemia at the higher dose. These results are discussed in relation to the failure of these glucose analogs to produce hyperphagia in the golden hamster. PMID- 6543009 TI - Splenomegaly and other hematological parameters in the socially dominant mouse. AB - Within a social dominance hierarchy, subordinate mice show hematological changes such as increased erythropoiesis and splenomegaly. The present experiment demonstrates similar findings for the unwounded dominant mouse. In addition, total serum protein, serum albumin and plasma fibrinogen were measured. Male DBA/2j mice were placed into social triads for three 24 hr periods. The resultant dominant and subordinate mice were compared with isolated control mice. Splenomegaly, thymus involution, decreased hematocrit, and increased fibrinogen levels were found in dominant mice. Subordinate mice demonstrated the same changes to a greater extent, as well as an increased reticulocyte count. Only dominant mice showed a reduction in total serum protein. Wounding-independent processes must be involved in these cellular and non-cellular hematological effects of psychosocial stress. PMID- 6543010 TI - Postweaning social experience and adult aggression in rats. AB - One group of male rats was reared continuously in small, stable colonies of three animals each during a ten-week period beginning when they were 46 days old. A second group of animals was also reared in small groups of three animals each but membership within these colonies was randomly changed at weekly intervals. Thereafter, all subjects were housed in individual cages. A 24 hr test of the subjects' aggression toward an unfamiliar male conspecific at 130-133 days of age indicated that only the heaviest animal in each of the stable colonies was aggressive. In contrast, all animals in the random-composition group were aggressive toward intruders. Scores on a second test of intruder-directed aggression administered when the subjects were nine months old were significantly related to scores on the first aggression test. Subtle variations in social experience during development are critical in establishing long-term patterns of aggression toward conspecifics in laboratory rats. PMID- 6543011 TI - Administration of small doses of apomorphine attenuates feeding in non-deprived pigeons. AB - The dopamine agonist apomorphine was administered peripherally at small doses of 25, 50 or 100 micrograms to non-deprived pigeons, either in the morning or in the afternoon. The food and water consumption of the birds was then measured at 4 times (30, 60, 90 and 120 min) after the injection. In the control condition (injection of saline), the pigeons ate less in the morning than in the afternoon, whereas a reverse situation was observed for drinking. Administration of apomorphine attenuated the food consumption in a dose-related fashion, at both times of the day, and for no longer than 90 min post-injection; the reduction of feeding was relatively larger when the drug was given in the morning than in the afternoon, and it was not accompanied by consistent changes of the water consumption. These results show that in pigeons, the feeding-like responses to apomorphine treatment (pecking, swallowing, mandibulating) which have been described previously are not associated with an actual enhancement of the food intake. Possible mechanisms and loci of action of dopamine agonists on these 2 types of behaviors are discussed. PMID- 6543012 TI - Chemical studies of hamster vaginal discharge: effects of endocrine ablation and protein digestion on behaviorally active macromolecular fractions. AB - Our previous studies have demonstrated that macromolecular fractions of hamster vaginal discharge elicit intense genital investigation and facilitate copulatory behavior toward anesthetized males (female surrogates) whose hindquarters have been scented with these fractions, and that the aphrodisiac activity is significantly reduced in the vaginal discharge of ovariectomized (OVEX) or hypophysectomized (HYPOX) females. The present series of studies compared the protein compositions of estrous, diestrous, OVEX, and HYPOX vaginal discharge, and assessed whether protein digestion of estrous vaginal discharge affects its aphrodisiac activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of vaginal lavages showed that the endocrine status of females has a profound effect on the protein composition of the vaginal discharge. The concentration of the major proteins dropped by about ten-fold in going from the estrous to the diestrous condition. The concentration of these same proteins appear to be at least another order of magnitude lower in the vaginal discharges of OVEX and HYPOX females. These major proteins had molecular weights greater than 10,000 Daltons. A macromolecular fraction of estrous vaginal discharge isolated by gel filtration at elevated temperature (conditions known to separate some protein-bound steroids) and containing proteins of molecular weight greater than 10,000 Daltons was found to be modestly but significantly less active than estrous discharge in its ability to elicit intense genital investigation, and not significantly different from estrous discharge in its ability to facilitate overt copulatory behavior toward scented surrogates. Pronase digestion of the proteins in this fraction did not alter its effects on investigatory behavior toward scented surrogates but significantly reduced its ability to facilitate copulatory behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543013 TI - The effect of estradiol and progesterone on the sexual behavior of ovariectomized mares. AB - Daily treatment (5 days) with estradiol resulted in increased levels (p less than 0.05) of proceptive behavior in ovariectomized as compared to control mares (N = 8 per treatment) within 4 hr of injection and for the 4 subsequent days. Ejaculations occurred more often (p less than 0.05) in estrogen-treated mares on days 2-5, but the number of precopulatory investigations by the stallions was not altered. Progesterone treatment resulted in an absence of sexual behavior except in one mare on Day 1. Control mares exhibited varying levels of sexual interest. The concurrent administration of estradiol and progesterone produced a biphasic effect on proximity-related behaviors. Proximity behaviors were initially (Day 1) greater and subsequently less in the group treated with both hormones than in the group treated with estradiol alone. Injections of free estradiol resulted in a shorter latency to effect for two measures of proceptivity than did injections of estradiol benzoate. A dose response test for progesterone showed no effect with 0, 1, or 10 mg, but 100 mg was inhibitory (p less than 0.05). These results demonstrated that within 4 hr estradiol stimulated, while progesterone inhibited estrous behavior in ovariectomized mares and that concurrent administration of estradiol and progesterone produced a biphasic effect, first enhancing, then suppressing some aspects of the estrous response. The relatively short latency to action of all treatments and the biphasic effect of concurrent estradiol and progesterone may be attributable to low level, endogenous hormones. PMID- 6543014 TI - The relationship between blood alcohol levels and aggression in mice. AB - Previous reports of the impact of ethanol on murine aggression have produced inconsistent findings; some workers have found that low doses of ethanol increase aggression whereas others have reported either no effect or a suppression. The present study examined one variable that may help to account for these inconsistencies, namely the level of blood alcohol at various times after administration. Acute doses of 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg ethanol all potently suppressed fighting in mice. However, there was no simple relationship between blood alcohol levels and fighting. It appeared that the level of blood alcohol, whether these levels were falling and the time since alcohol was cleared from the blood were all factors that influenced the drugs anti-aggressive influence. PMID- 6543015 TI - Effects of social factors on adrenal weight and related physiology of Macaca fascicularis. AB - Increased adrenal cortical activity and hypertrophy of adrenal glands associated with defeat and social subordination have been reported frequently in small mammals; these adrenal changes have been linked to impairments in immune response, glucose metabolism and reproductive performance. Similar studies in primates have produced variable results. The current study was undertaken to illuminate the effects of social status on the adrenal gland and to examine concurrent effects of social variables on other physiological systems in Macaca fascicularis, in an initial exploration of the hypothesis that high and low social status have different physiological consequences. Sixty adult male M. fascicularis were housed in social groups of n = 5, under either stable or unstable social conditions. It was found that subordinate animals had heavier adrenal glands and somewhat higher plasma glucose concentrations than dominants. In contrast, dominants had higher blood pressure and worsened atherosclerosis, under some conditions, than subordinates. These data appear to offer preliminary support for Henry and Stephen's hypothesis of differential arousal of dominant and subordinate animals. PMID- 6543016 TI - Effects of soyasaponins on liver injury induced by highly peroxidized fat in rats. PMID- 6543017 TI - Effects of chronic shock on cooperation: a potential model of learned chronic pain behavior. PMID- 6543018 TI - Pulmonary vascular response to thrombin: effects of thromboxane synthetase inhibition with OKY-046 and OKY-1581. AB - We examined the effects of thromboxane synthetase inhibition with OKY-1581 and OKY-046 on pulmonary hemodynamics and lung fluid balance after thrombin-induced intravascular coagulation. Studies were made in anesthetized sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas. Pulmonary intravascular coagulation was induced by i.v. infusion of alpha-thrombin over a 15 min period. Thrombin infusion in control sheep resulted in immediate increases in pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which were associated with rapid 3-fold increase in pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and a delayed increase in lymph-to-plasma protein concentration (L/P) ratio, indicating an increase in the pulmonary microvascular permeability to proteins. Thrombin-induced intravascular coagulation also increased arterial thromboxane B2 (a metabolite of thromboxane A2) and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations (a metabolite of prostacyclin). Both OKY 1581 and OKY-046 prevented thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha generation. The initial increments in Ppa and PVR were attenuated in both treated groups. The increases in Qlym were gradual in the treated groups but attained the same levels as in control group. However, the increases in Qlym were associated with decreases in L/P ratio. In both treated groups, the leukocyte count decreased after thrombin infusion but then increased steadily above the baseline value, whereas the leukocyte count remained depressed in the control group after thrombin. These studies indicate that a part of the initial pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to thrombin-induced intravascular coagulation is mediated by thromboxane generation. In addition, thromboxane may also contribute to the increase in lung vascular permeability to proteins that occurs after intravascular coagulation and this effect may be mediated by a thromboxane neutrophil interaction. PMID- 6543020 TI - [Thrombopenia and carcinoma]. PMID- 6543019 TI - [Penicillin levels of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients treated with procaine penicillin in daily doses of 2,4 million units]. PMID- 6543021 TI - [Increase in polynuclear neutrophils of the broncho-alveolar irrigation fluid following exposure in a case of acute alveolitis]. AB - We report a case of a patient admitted to hospital for respiratory distress caused by an acute alveolitis due to exposure to goose feathers in a duvet. Several months after the acute episode a series of examinations, including a broncho-alveolar lavage, were performed before and after a challenge test of exposure to the suspected duvet. We noted a febrile reaction, an increase of the alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, a rise in neutrophils both in the blood and broncho-alveolar lavage liquid. In the absence of specific demonstrable antibodies, this surge of neutrophils in the alveolar walls does not seem to be due to an immune complex reaction, but is more likely to be a non-immunological phenomenon. PMID- 6543022 TI - The influence of cobalt/vitamin B12 deficiency as a "stressor" affecting adrenal cortex and ovarian activities in goats. AB - Twenty 1.5 to 2-year old goats were made vitamin B12 deficient by feeding them cobalt-deficient diets for 23 weeks in order to determine the effects of a progressive deficiency on ovarian and adrenal cortex activities. At 1-day intervals, blood samples were collected for haematological study and plasma for vitamin B12, progesterone and corticosteroid radioimmunoassays. At 23 weeks, the adrenal cortex was taken for histological measurement and the pituitary gland and corpus luteum for LH and progesterone determinations, respectively. The regularity of the oestrous cycles was studied using teaser bucks. The goats receiving a cobalt-deficient diet presented irregular oestrous cycles (22.6 +/- 0.8 days; maximum deviation: 12 to 38 days), while those of the controls were 18 +/- 0.3 days (maximum deviation: 16 to 21 days). Low vitamin B12 concentration led to macrocytic and normochromic anaemia. The concentration of plasma progesterone augmented, but it decreased during the third and subsequent cycles in cobalt-deficient goats as compared to the controls. Plasma corticosteroids were persistently high in cobalt-deficient goats as compared to the controls, and pituitary LH was low in the deficient goats. It is suggested that an erratic endocrinological control mechanism led to irregular cycles, the action site being located in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. PMID- 6543023 TI - [Japanese anatomical terminology (nomina anatomica japonica) from the educational view point (1)--sune and nezumi]. AB - A few considerations on two Japanese anatomical terms, sune (the anterior part of the leg or the shin in medical terminology) and nezumi (the rat) from the anatomical point of view are made. Japanese words generally have two readings. For example, sune which means the anterior part of the leg, may be read as sune and kei. But kei has two other meanings, the neck and the road. Sune is used more for the anterior part of the leg than kei, especially in classes for beginners of the anatomical course. Nezumi means rat, but is also read as so. Because kei means road, and kan means canal, sokeikan means the rat's tubular passageway, namely, the descent of testis (Descensus testis). In Japanese anatomical terminology the passage of the testis through the inguinal canal is considered similar to a rat going through a passageway. The work sokeikan is better than the English anatomical term inguinal canal which means only the canal in the root of the groin. In Japanese, two words, fukurahagi and komura are used for the posterior part of the leg. PMID- 6543024 TI - Anti-intermediate filament monoclonal antibodies: tissue-specific tools in tumor diagnosis. PMID- 6543025 TI - [Sex-linked familial form of progressive spinal amyotrophy in adults]. AB - An X-linked spinal muscular atrophy is reported in one family. Four of the five patients were examined. In three, electromyography, conduction nerve velocities and muscle biopsy were consistent with anterior horn cell disease. Similar families in the literature were reviewed and characteristic data were: 1) adult onset, 2) proximal, bulbar and facial involvement, 3) prominent perioral fasciculations, 4) frequent association of cramps, tremor and sexual dysfunction (hypogonadism and gynecomastia), 5) very slow progression and favorable prognosis. These characteristics define, among the spinal muscular atrophies, a distinct entity named by several authors Kennedy's disease. PMID- 6543026 TI - [Cardiomyopathy from the viewpoint of the anesthesiologist]. PMID- 6543028 TI - A quantitative polygraphic study of daytime somnolence and sleep in patients with excessive diurnal sleepiness. AB - The authors propose a method of quantitative evaluation of excessive diurnal sleepiness intensity. They perform in each patient a 45-minute polygraphic examination to evaluate the occurrence of manifestations of wakefulness as well as all forms and stages of sleep, together with their latencies and total durations. In this way it is possible to describe the patients' sleepiness both quantitatively and qualitatively. The above test was used in the study of 8 healthy controls, 8 patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy, 8 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia and 8 patients suffering from the syndrome of hypersomnia with sleep apnea. All three groups of patients differed significantly from the control group showing deeper sleep stages of shorter latency and longer total duration. The three groups of patients differed also in some aspects from each other. PMID- 6543027 TI - The Bernard-Soulier platelet: II. A comparative study of changes in platelet morphology and cytoskeletal architecture following contact activation. AB - Platelet adhesion is a critical, early event in hemostasis. It is a complex process which involves platelet sticking, activation, granule release, and a series of morphologic changes which appear to enhance contact. The membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib, which is thought to play an important role in adhesion, is missing in the Bernard Soulier Syndrome (BSS) and platelets in this syndrome have a structural defect which results in giant size on peripheral smear. Correlative SEM/TEM studies on adherent BSS platelets were used to address two questions: 1) Does the absence of GP Ib in BSS platelets result in abnormalities in the morphologic changes which ordinarily accompany adhesion to formvar? and 2) Is the giantism seen in BSS platelets related to or reflected in abnormalities in organization of the cytoskeletons of adherent platelets? PMID- 6543029 TI - Diurnally subperiodic and non-periodic Brugia type in Balikpapan, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. PMID- 6543030 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in immune hemocytopenias]. PMID- 6543031 TI - [Labor as an etiologic factor in symphysis injuries]. PMID- 6543032 TI - [Aortoventriculoplasty by Konno's technic in an operation for tunnel-type of subaortic stenosis in a 9-year-old child]. PMID- 6543033 TI - [Aortopulmonary defect with anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary and subvalvular stenosis of the aorta. Total correction of an unusual, complex defect in a 2 1/2-year-old child]. PMID- 6543034 TI - Effect of chronic ethanol administration on brain protein breakdown in mice in vivo. AB - Brain proteins of BALB/cBy mice were labeled for a period of 8 days by a single intraperitoneal injection of valine. Following this the mice received 10% ethanol and protein breakdown was estimated from the release of label from brain proteins. Ethanol intake resulted in a significant inhibition of cerebral protein breakdown in vivo as measured in whole brain and in subcellular brain fractions (myelin, synaptosomes, mitochondria, microsomes, and nuclei). The intake of 10% ethanol for 4.5 months resulted in minor alterations in amino acid levels; increase in some and decrease in others were observed in plasma and brain, but most of the changes were not significant (P greater than 0.05). The uptake of AIB in brain was decreased 17% by prolonged ethanol intake. PMID- 6543035 TI - The resistance of the cardiac muscarinic receptor to chronic ethanol ingestion in the rat. AB - The chronic consumption of alcohol has been correlated with the development of cardiomyopathy and dysrhythmias. These disorders may be secondary to changes in the outflow of the autonomic nervous system. This study looked at the changes in cardiac cell responsiveness to carbamylcholine (CBL) and the concentration of muscarinic receptors. The studies were carried out on hearts excised from male Long-Evans hooded rats, pair-fed on ethanol (E) or control (C) liquid diet. The ethanol diet supplied 35-39% of calories as ethanol. The studies were carried out after 8-10 wks or 18-20 wks on the diet. Ventricular muscarinic receptors were measured using (-)-[3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB). These studies showed no significant difference in muscarinic receptor concentration or the dissociation constant for [3H]QNB binding after 8-10 wks or 18-20 wks of E ingestion. Electrophysiologic studies of chronotropic responsiveness to CBL showed no significant difference between the E and C groups after 8-10 wks or 18-20 wks. The responsiveness of subsidiary pacemaker cells to CBL was not different between E and C groups at 18-20 wks. These data indicate that chronic E ingestion for up to 20 wks did not effect the cardiac muscarinic receptor concentration or cholinergic response. PMID- 6543036 TI - [Clinico-morphological variants of myocardial hypertrophy in patients with ischemic heart disease and idiopathic myocarditis (problem of so-called secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy)]. AB - The authors studied the clinicomorphological variants of left ventricle hypertrophy in dead patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and idiopathic myocarditis (IM). Postmortem examination of CHD patients showed both the symmetrical and asymmetrical patterns of left ventricle hypertrophy. IM patients manifested the combined dilatation of the heart cavities and myocardial hypertrophy. It is pointed out that in CHD patients, the presence of a "giant" negative T wave with ST interval depression in chest leads is mostly an ECG-sign of the common CHD course. However, it may be also a manifestation of marked left ventricle hypertrophy, which should be considered in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. It is noted that IM with remarkable myocardial hypertrophy and the presence of a "giant" negative T wave and ST interval depression on the ECG may take a favourable course. The use of the term "secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" is regarded as unwanted. PMID- 6543037 TI - Inherited fibrinolytic disorder due to an enhanced plasminogen activator level. AB - A family with "in vitro" increased red-cell fall out from the blood clot was studied. One member of the family (JVM) had a clinical history of hemorrhages after minor trauma or dental extractions. Routine coagulation and platelet function were normal except for the fibrinogen level which was slightly low in several members. The antigenic as well as functional evaluation of factor XIII was within normal limits. No factor XIII inhibitors were present. An increase in the clot permeability index was observed in most family members. The study of the fibrinolytic system showed an enhanced lysis of euglobulins, a normal plasminogen value, normal level of fibrin/ogen degradation products, normal fibrinolytic inhibitors, and an increase in the activity of the plasminogen activator. The activity of this activator was inhibited by an antiserum against tissue-type plasminogen activator. The t-pA inhibitor was in the normal range. It is concluded that the family studied in this paper shows familial alteration in the fibrinolytic system due to an excess of plasminogen activator immunologically related to that in human tissue. PMID- 6543038 TI - Tissue plasminogen activator concentrations in major abdominal surgery. Relationship to postoperative deep vein thrombosis. AB - Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen concentrations were studied in 47 patients subjected to major abdominal surgery. The 17 patients, which developed postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT), diagnosed with the 125I-fibrinogen uptake test, had higher levels preoperatively, and on the sixth postoperative day, when the thrombi had already formed. The reduced fibrinolytic activity in patients with a predisposition to postoperative deep vein thrombosis is thus not related to any t-PA deficiency. The postoperative fibrinolytic shutdown may however partly be due to a drop in t-PA antigen levels, at least in the patients, which developed DVT. PMID- 6543039 TI - Importance of the interaction between plasminogen and fibrin for plasminogen activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - The potentiating effect of fibrin monomer on plasminogen activation by tissue type plasminogen activator is much more important with lys-plasminogen than with mini-plasminogen (which lacks the high affinity lysine-binding site important for binding to fibrin). Furthermore, this potentiating effect is totally abolished when lys-plasminogen is eluted from fibrin by the addition of 1 mM epsilon-amino caproic acid. Binding does however not seem to be the only condition required since it was found that fragment D is a much stronger potentiator of the activation of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator than fragment E although plasminogen binds to both fragment D and fragment E. Furthermore, fragment E has the same effect on the activation of lys-and mini-plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator. Therefore, it is suggested that binding of plasminogen to fibrin involves a conformational change in the plasminogen molecule, facilitating its activation by tissue-type plasminogen activator. PMID- 6543040 TI - An improved microtiter plate method to measure the potency of plasminogen activators. PMID- 6543041 TI - Effect of acute chloroquine treatment on prostaglandin- and gonadotropin stimulated testosterone secretion of rat testis. AB - The effect of chloroquine injection to rats on in vitro-testosterone secretion stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was studied. Rats were injected for 5 days with chloroquine phosphate. Testosterone secretion was stimulated by hCG or PGE1 for 3 h in the removed testis and was measured by radioimmunoassay. Chloroquine treatment in vivo does not seem to have any demonstrable effect on testosterone secretion stimulated by hCG or PGE 1 in prepubertal as well as in the postpubertal rats. However, in pubertal rats chloroquine treatment inhibited testosterone secretion in hCG-stimulated testis. PMID- 6543042 TI - [Monoamine oxidase activity in rabbit brain nuclei in experimental acute emotional stress]. AB - Activity of monoamine oxidase in the neurons of catecholamine-synthesizing nuclei of hypothalamic and brainstem of rabbits with different resistance of cardiovascular functions to emotional stress was studied by the Glenner et al. method. An acute experimental emotional stress was induced by non-periodic electric stimulation of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus and the skin in immobilized adult chinchilla rabbits. It was found that monoamine oxidase activity in the neurons of groups A5, A6, A7 and A14 under acute experimental emotional stress increased in rabbits "resistant"to stress and remained unchanged in rabbits "predisposed" to stress. The activity of monoamine oxidase in the neurons of group A12 remained unchanged in the rabbits "resistant"to stress and decreased in the rabbit "predisposed" to stress. PMID- 6543044 TI - The impact of repeated doses of anthelmintic on the intensity of infection and age structure of Fasciola hepatica populations in sheep. AB - A mathematical model of ovine fascioliasis is used to assess the likely impact of repeated doses of 2 anthelmintic types on the intensity of infection in the ewes. When chemotherapy is applied in the autumn and early winter, the type of anthelmintic that kills proportionately more of the immature parasites brings about a greater reduction in the predicted overall mean intensity of infection than the type of anthelmintic that kills proportionately more of the mature parasites, and leads to a lower predicted burden of mature flukes. In both cases, each dose of flukicide has proportionately less effect on the predicted mean intensity of infection than the preceding one. It is argued that analytical models of the kind described here provide a more informative pre-trial comparison of anthelmintic properties than tabulation of age-dependent kill rates. PMID- 6543043 TI - Thelazia nematodes in the eyes of cattle. PMID- 6543045 TI - In vitro feeding of Psoroptes ovis (Acari:Psoroptidae). AB - An in vitro feeding test is described for Psoroptes ovis. The criterion for feeding response was established on the basis of coloration of mites by a red dye or by red blood cells. Feeding response was about 85% for female mites held off host cattle for 1 day. Mites preferred water plasma or serum and low-salt diets over whole blood. Feeding response was detected within 5 min of exposure to the diet, and maximum response was observed within 30 min of contact. Mites ingested an average 0.29 microliter of diet/100 mites in a single feeding. At temperatures between 10 degrees and 42 degrees C, feeding response was not significantly different. PMID- 6543046 TI - Development and transmission of psoroptic mange of cattle in feed lots in endemic and non-endemic regions. AB - A test was begun in November 1982 to evaluate the development of Psoroptes ovis, the severity of psoroptic mange of cattle, and the incidence of transfer of P. ovis from artificially infested cattle to non-infested cattle held in feed lots in either an endemic (Bushland, TX) or non-endemic region (Kerrville, TX). The 2 herds each consisted of 24 Hereford steers. The 24 steers were randomly assigned to 3 pens of 8 steers per pen. Two steers from each pen that were randomly selected were artificially exposed to ca. 1000 P. ovis (AINF). The development of mange on these 6 AINF steers and the incidence of transfer to the other steers (INF) were monitored approximately every 3 weeks for 17 weeks. The 6 AINF steers at Bushland (endemic region) developed significantly more lesions than the 6 AINF steers at Kerrville. Three AINF steers in Bushland died from hypothermia and mange while no deaths were recorded at Kerrville. The numbers of mites sampled from affected skin areas of AINF steers from both regions were not significantly different. All 18 of the naturally exposed steers (INF) in Bushland contracted mange; whereas, only 9 INF steers in Kerrville did. The severity (% lesions) and number of mites per sample from affected skin were significantly greater on the INF steers in Bushland. These differences among INF steers in Bushland and Kerrville may be attributed to the higher level of parasitism attained in Bushland on the AINF steers. We propose that the extremely cold weather in Bushland contributed to the greater level of parasitism attained on AINF steers in Bushland by stressing the host steers. PMID- 6543047 TI - Bovine resistance to Amblyomma americanum ticks: an acquired immune response characterized by cutaneous basophil infiltrates. AB - Purebred Holstein calves acquired resistance to Amblyomma americanum adult ticks after 1 infestation and expressed resistance during a challenge infestation 26 days later. Tick yields from resistant animals were normal, but mean tick weight and egg-mass weight were reduced significantly (31 and 32%, respectively). Cutaneous cellular responses at tick feeding sites in primary (naive) hosts consisted almost exclusively of mononuclear cells, until 24-h post-infestation when granulocytes appeared. At 48 h, basophils were the most abundant granulocyte and comprised 19% of the total cellular response. Secondary and tertiary hosts expressed significant cutaneous basophil responses as early as 6 h post-tick infestation, indicative of an anamnestic response. Cutaneous basophil levels in tertiary hosts (16-34% of the infiltrate) were increased by 2-fold over secondary hosts (12-16% of the infiltrate). Neutrophils and eosinophils were fairly abundant in secondary hosts (22-33%, and 3-13%, respectively), but decreased significantly in tertiary hosts corresponding to increased basophil levels. Mast cells comprised less than 10% of the cells found in primary hosts, and less than 5% in secondary and tertiary hosts representing a consistent, but insignificant component of the total cells. Basophils were not observed in the blood of hosts during any tick infestation, but a peripheral blood basophilia (0.1-1.1%) marked the end of each tick feeding period. A neutropenia was observed in the blood of tertiary hosts corresponding to a decreased tissue neutrophil response. Blood eosinophil, lymphocyte and monocyte levels remained unchanged during each tick infestation compared to controls. In summary, calves acquired immunity to A. americanum ticks, resulting in significant decreases in feeding and ovipositional success associated with a local cutaneous basophil response and peripheral blood basophilia. These findings suggest that basophils are involved in bovine immunity to ticks as has been established in the guinea pig model. PMID- 6543048 TI - Comparison of three methods for detection of prolonged experimental trichinellosis in pigs. AB - Three methods were employed for the diagnosis of porcine trichinellosis. The pooled sample digestion method and trichinoscopy served as European Community (EC) reference techniques, whereas the reliability of the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was tested by 11 laboratories of the European Community and Sweden. Three groups of 6 piglets each were orally inoculated with 50, 150 and 1500 Trichinella spiralis larvae into each animal. Another group of 6 animals served as a non-infected control. Animals were slaughtered and serum and muscle samples were collected at Weeks 4, 12 and 40. The material was mailed under code and examined in all participating laboratories. ELISA proved to be a sensitive technique. ELISA micro assay was the most sensitive procedure. Of the direct techniques the reference pooled sample digestion method was more sensitive than trichinoscopy. It was concluded that both micro and macro ELISA can be used with confidence for the detection of low grade, longstanding experimental T. spiralis infections in swine. PMID- 6543049 TI - Husbandry, parasitic and other diseases as factors in the reliability of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of trichinellosis in pigs. AB - Serum samples were obtained from pigs originating from specified pathogen-free farms, large industrialised farms and small conventional farms. All animals proved to be free of Trichinella spiralis by a pooled sample digestion method. Careful meat inspection studies on parasitic infections other than trichinellosis, and other inflammatory reactions were recorded and used for subdivision of the animals in different groups. It was concluded that animal husbandry, parasitic infections, or inflammatory reactions have not influenced the mean extinction values of an ELISA for the detection of T. spiralis antibodies, however, the specified pathogen free animals yielded somewhat lower results. PMID- 6543050 TI - Gastro-intestinal nematodes of fallow deer (Dama dama L.) in Germany. AB - Worm counts were done in 49 gastro-intestinal tracts of fallow deer from two German enclosures. The mean worm burden was 592 worms. It was significantly higher in calves than in older animals. Sixteen different nematode species were identified. Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Ostertagia leptospicularis, O. ostertagi, Rinadia mathevossiani, Oesophagostomum radiatum and O. venulosum were the most frequently occurring species. PMID- 6543051 TI - Development of Ostertagia leptospicularis in cattle, and the differentiation of infective larvae and female adults from those of O. ostertagi. AB - The development of Ostertagia leptospicularis was observed in helminthologically naive calves. Infective larvae and parasitic stages of the species were also examined in an endeavour to find a reliable means of distinguishing these from comparable stages of O. ostertagi. In the case of infective larvae, it was found that the distance from the tip of the larval tail to the tip of the sheath ("tail length") provided the most simple means of distinguishing between the species (reliability of approximately 97%). The ratio of "tail length" to total body length may be used to provide still greater reliability where this is essential. The rate of development and morphology of the early parasitic stages of O. leptospicularis in calves were found to be similar to those described for O. ostertagi by Rose (1969) and with the exception of late 4th stage males there appeared to be no simple morphological means by which parasitic larval stages of the 2 species could be distinguished. However, adult (5th stage) female O. leptospicularis were found to be distinguishable from those of O. ostertagi (reliability of approximately 98%) on the basis of the position of the cervical papillae in relation to a junction between 2 regions of the central oesophagus. Males, from the late 4th stage, were readily distinguishable on the basis of the spicule structure. PMID- 6543052 TI - The abomasal histology of worm-free sheep given primary and challenge infections of Haemonchus contortus. AB - The histological changes in the abomasal mucosa of pairs of worm-free ewes and lambs were compared at various stages after infection and reinfection with 350 Haemonchus contortus L3 per kg bodyweight. In terms of worm burdens the ewes were relatively resistant to reinfection compared with the lambs and the histological changes in the abomasum at most stages after infection were more marked in the adult animals. These included increases in the numbers of mast cells, globule leucocytes, eosinophils and IgA plasma cells in the mucosa. PMID- 6543053 TI - Low-dosage phenothiazine in the prophylaxis of trichostrongylid infection in calves. AB - Phenothiazine (PTZ) given indoors to calves artificially infected with Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora showed ovicidal activities of 100, 93, 98 and 85% respectively at daily doses of 9, 8, 7 and 6 mg kg-1. In a grazing study, one group of calves was treated with PTZ via the drinking water, using a "Profel" liquid dispenser. The dispenser was calibrated to add PTZ to the water at a daily dose of 7 mg kg-1, but in practice the dose far exceeded this amount. A dose of 7 mg kg-1 day-1 was given manually to a second group and a third group acted as control, receiving no PTZ. PTZ-induced photosensitivity was widespread in the first group due to over-dosage of medicament by the dispenser and was suspected in one calf in the manually dosed group. PTZ in both treated groups showed marked ovicidal activity and, apparently as a result of this, caused striking reductions in trichostrongylid infection on the pasture and in the calves as evidenced by pasture larval counts, calves' egg counts, pepsinogen levels and live weight gains. Necropsy worm counts showed that the PTZ medication prevented heavy infection by arrested as well as by adult Ostertagia. The reduced infection on the treated calves' pasture was carried over for a second grazing season. Untreated calves grazing the pasture in that season showed lower infection and improved weight gains up to mid-September compared with calves on the control pasture. These effects did not persist for the whole of the second season. PMID- 6543054 TI - The effects of environmental factors on the development, behaviour and survival of Paramphistomum microbothrium miracidia. AB - The effects of temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, salts, light, gravity and living organisms on the development, survival and behaviour of Paramphistomum microbothrium miracidia were studied. Isotonic water environment of pH 7-8 and temperature of 25 degrees C were found to be most favourable for miracidial development and hatching. Miracidia longevity was highest at 21 degrees C in an isotonic water environment of pH 6-8. Demineralized water reduced the longevity of miracidia. Miracidia exhibit a strong phototaxis and a weak geotaxis, the latter being manifested only in the absence of light, and they show a preference for a medium with a low Ca/Mg ratio. An unidentified fungus, probably of the group of Fungi Imperfecti, had a deleterious effect on egg development. Aquatic organisms such as molluscans, dipterans and amphibia affect the survival of the miracidia. The relationship between observed phenomena and dynamics of infection are discussed. PMID- 6543055 TI - Analysis of anthelmintic trial protocols using sheep experimentally or naturally infected with Fasciola hepatica. AB - Analytical models of the common anthelmintic trial protocols for ovine fascioliasis are used to investigate the way in which the conventional measure of anthelmintic efficiency (percentage reduction in mean fluke burden) depends on factors other than the additional fluke death rate due to chemotherapy. In prophylactic protocols where infection and dosing are coincident, the natural death rate of the parasites (both flukes and metacercariae) is an important factor. Numerical simulations indicate that the between-trial variations in anthelmintic efficiency due to fluctuations in natural parasite mortality may be substantial, especially for anthelmintic trials in the field. PMID- 6543056 TI - Chemotherapy of ovine fascioliasis: use of an analytical model to assess the impact of a series of discrete doses of anthelmintic on the prevalence and intensity of infection. AB - An analytical model of ovine fascioliasis is described. The model describes the essential features of the epidemiological patterns observed in the field and is used to assess the impact of a series of discrete doses of anthelmintic on the prevalence and intensity of infection in the flock. The reduction in prevalence after treatment with anthelmintics is shown to be critically dependent on the distribution of flukes amongst the ewes. The model is further used to define the optimum dosing times for a 2- or 3-dose regime. Model predictions concerning the optimum regime are in accord with usual treatment practices in the United Kingdom. The usefulness of analytical models of this kind in the assessment of disease control strategies is discussed. PMID- 6543057 TI - Responses of European green lizards Lacerta viridis following administration of Leishmania agamae promastigotes. AB - European green lizards (Lacerta viridis) were injected intraperitoneally, subcutaneously or orally with viable Leishmania agamae promastigotes. Neither promastigotes nor amastigotes were later found in blood and tissue impression smears, or in blood and selected organ cultures. However, by the use of an immunoperoxidase technique, parasite antigens were detected in the liver, stomach, small intestine, kidney, gonad, heart, lung and skin but not in the bone marrow, brain or spleen. Non-precipitating antibodies with beta 2-electrophoretic mobility were induced against L. agamae. They were detected in the sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 3-7 days post-infection. The titres increased significantly above background levels (P less than 0.001) and reached maxima after 6-7 weeks, with 27 out of 29 lizards producing antibodies. The mean serum protein concentration significantly increased after infection (P less than 0.005) with no significant differences in mean values between male and female animals. Lizard sera separated into 7 components on cellulose acetate membranes with migration rates comparable to albumin, alpha- and beta-globulins of human serum; gamma-globulins were absent. Significant decreases occurred (P less than 0.05) in the albumin fraction, with significant increases in the beta-globulin region of anti-L. agamae sera. C-reactive protein was not detected in either normal or immune lizard sera. PMID- 6543058 TI - Experimental tracheal and conjunctival infections with Cryptosporidium sp. in pigs. AB - Tracheal and conjunctival infections with Cryptosporidium were established in pigs by inoculation of oocysts into the trachea and onto the conjunctival sacs. The protozoa were found attached to epithelial cells by an electron-dense band and a folded, vacuolated feeder organelle. They were situated in a parasitophorous vacuole surrounded by a double-layered membrane covered by glycocalyx. Trophozoites, schizonts, merozoites, macrogametes and oocysts could be demonstrated. In addition to normal stages of the life-cycle, degenerate stages were found. The infections with Cryptosporidium were characterized by focal destruction and loss of epithelial cells. Numerous intraepithelial lymphocytes were associated with affected foci, as were infiltrations with lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages. PMID- 6543059 TI - Life cycle of Isospora suis in gnotobiotic and conventionalized piglets. AB - Isospora suis had 3 asexual and 1 sexual intra-intestinal conventional life cycle. The first asexual generation was most prominent at 2 days p.i. (post inoculation) and produced 2-7 merozoites. The second-generation meronts were prevalent at 3-4 days p.i. and produced 2-12 large merozoites. At 4-5 days p.i. the third generation meronts were prominent and produced 4-24 small crescent shaped merozoites. Mature sexual stages were most prominent at 5-6 days p.i. The stages were most numerous in the distal half of the small intestine. At 8-9 days p.i. stages morphologically similar to the second generation of meronts reappeared, followed by the further development into third generation merozoites and sexual stages. This was reflected in a prepatent period of 5 days and a biphasic patent period of 5-8 or 9, and 11-14 days p.i. Intraperitoneal injection of liver/spleen and intestinal lymph node homogenates, respectively, from piglets infected 24 and 48 h, previously with high doses of oocysts, resulted in a patent infection 10-12 days post inoculation of the donor piglets. No differences in the life cycle of I. suis were observed between conventionalized and germ-free piglets. An extra-intestinal life cycle of I. suis related to the second patent period was postulated. PMID- 6543060 TI - The presence of kinetes of a Babesia species in the haemolymph smears of engorged Hyalomma ticks in Nigeria. AB - Kinetes of a Babesia species were found in the haemolymph smears of 5 species of Hyadomma which were detached from trade cattle after engorgement. Hyalomma rufipes had the highest percentage of infection; while this infection rate was significantly higher than those of H. trupcatum and H. impressum, it was statistically similar to those of H. marginatum and H. impeltatum. Studies on the morphology and dimensions of the kinetes show that they are larger than those of B. bigemina, smaller than those of B. major and B. bovis, but similar to those of B. occultans. PMID- 6543061 TI - Clinical and pathologic features of experimental Schistosoma japonicum infection in pigs. AB - Nine piglets, 2-5 months old and weighing 12-15 kg were infected percutaneously with 5000 to 6000 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum. Three similar piglets which were not infected served as controls. Infected animals were necropsied at 5, 10, 30, 40, 59, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days post-infection (PI) and the controls at 5, 60 and 180 days PI. The prepatent period varied from 27 to 33 days after infection. Clinical signs observed, coincident with egg production, were loss of appetite, lethargy, pallor of mucous membranes, diarrhea, progressive emaciation and dehydration. One piglet was moribund when killed for necropsy at 40 days and another piglet died 59 days PI. Pathological changes induced by S. japonicum included erythematous papules on the site of inoculation, petechial hemorrhages in the lungs, catarrhal to hemorrhagic enteritis, bluish-gray discoloration of the liver, and egg granulomas in the liver, lungs, spleen, intestines, pancreas and mesenteric lymph nodes. Endophlebitis with intimal hyperplasia was occasionally observed in veins harboring adult schistosomes. PMID- 6543062 TI - The migration of larval Toxocara canis in mice. I. Migration through the intestine in primary infections. AB - Toxocara canis second stage larvae (L2) hatched in the stomach of mice and within 2 h reached all parts of the small intestine, the posterior half being the preferred site for larval penetration. Following penetration at the base of crypts of leiberkuhn they followed tortuous routes in the lamina propria, and entered the tunica muscularis obliquely. Larvae only appeared to be arrested in their migration in the submucosa and lamina propria by an inflammatory reaction composed mainly of lymphocytes and eosinophils. Larvae were seen entering and within lymphatic vessels as well as the peritoneal cavity and invasion of the vascular system followed though actual penetration of intestinal blood vessels was not seen. Proteolytic enzyme activity was detected in culture media in which L2 larvae were maintained. PMID- 6543063 TI - The migration of larval Toxocara canis in mice. II. Post-intestinal migration in primary infections. AB - Following oral infection of NIH mice with Toxocara canis embryonated eggs the L2 pass the visceral phase of migration during te first week of infection. Larvae reach the liver and lungs and peak in number in these organs 2 and 3 days after infection, respectively. Larvae are then dispersed throughout the body and enter the myotropic--neurotropic phase by the 7th day of infection. Larvae injected directly into the brain are capable of migrating into the viscera and musculature. Considerable pathology occurs due to larval migrations, especially through the liver and lungs, and both acute and chronic disease are recorded. Studies of infections extending over a year show that the number of recoverable larvae declines gradually with periods of stable populations. On Days 3, 4 and 5 after infection, larvae were demonstrable in the faeces of infected mice. Prenatal infection was observed in a third of the offspring of mice infected the same day as conception. PMID- 6543064 TI - Effect of nutmeg on ethanol and d-amphetamine-produced alteration of locomotor activity in the mouse. AB - A behavioral performance test was used to assess the effect of a mild nutmeg extract on spontaneous locomotor activity of the mouse. The nutmeg extract was administered intraperitoneally once daily for 17 consecutive days and only moderately reduced motor activity from corresponding control. A nutmeg dosage devoid of action on motility was chosen for short-term administration to mice. These nutmeg treated mice and the saline controls received either a single depressant dosage of ethanol or a stimulant dose of d-amphetamine. Nutmeg treated mice showed potentiation of ethanol-mediated depression on motility compared to controls. The d-amphetamine-produced stimulation of locomotor activity was decreased from controls by the nutmeg treatment. The results indicate that the nutmeg extract preparation used contained ingredients which synergistically interacted with alcohol as contrasted with their antagonism to d-amphetamine. The results suggest a CNS depressant action of nutmeg. Such CNS impairment by nutmeg may conceivably contribute to its toxic interaction with certain substances of abuse and may explain, in part, its addictive potential. PMID- 6543065 TI - [Work capacity of thrombocytopenic purpura patients]. PMID- 6543066 TI - [Morphologic changes in the organs of the immune system of stillborn infants and dead newborn infants exposed to antigens]. PMID- 6543067 TI - [Potential fibrinolytic activity of the blood in jaundice of parenchymal and mechanical origin]. AB - The activity of plasminogen (Pl) and proactivator of plasminogen (PPl) was studied in 812 patients, 682 of them sick with liver diseases and 130 healthy. A total of 419 patients with various clinical forms of viral hepatitis were covered: 35 patients with acute liver insufficiency, 39--with decompensated cirrhosis of liver, 16--cholangiohepatitis, 16--toxic hepatitis and 157 patients with mechanical jaundice. Coagulation micromethods were applied. The referentive values were derived: f for Pl--83-126%; for PPl--80-120%. The activity of Pl and PPl in jaundice with parenchymal nature was established to be, most frequently, reduced and correlated well with the severity and the phase of the morbid process -the lowest enzyme activity was established in acute liver insufficiency, decompensated liver cirrhosis and severe forms of vital hepatitis, at the earlier phases. Enzyme activity in mechanical jaundice is, most often, normal and rarely enhanced. The fibrinolytic enzymes obtained could help the differential diagnosis of jaundice and are of significance in the determination of the severity of the parenchymal liver diseases. PMID- 6543068 TI - Sexual problems of sexual assault survivors. AB - Attempts to downplay the sexual component of sexual assault may actually result in an injustice to sexual assault survivors as it may desensitize professionals working with sexual assault survivors to the possible development of sexual problems. Of 371 sexual assault survivors evaluated, more than 40% reported that they were experiencing sexual problems as a result of their assaults. In addition, these assault-related sexual problems can be chronic, enduring for many years. The need to screen for and provide treatment when necessary for such sexual problems is apparent. PMID- 6543069 TI - [Combination of ventricular septal defect with unilateral pulmonary artery stenoses and contralateral pulmonary hypertension]. AB - The clinical features and hemodynamics of the triad ventricular septal defect, unilateral stenoses of the pulmonary artery and contralateral pulmonary hypertension are illustrated by means of 2 case histories. At the time of cardiac catheterization the discovery of severe pulmonary vascular disease of the left lung with inoperable multiple peripheral stenoses of the right pulmonary artery in the first patient, a 4-year old girl, meant that corrective surgery could no longer be undertaken. The second patient, a 10-month old infant with embryofetal alcohol syndrome, suffered from peripheral and two central stenoses of the right pulmonary artery with a total systolic pressure gradient of 62 mm Hg. In our opinion, if the contralateral pulmonary vascular bed has to cope largely single handed with the increased cardiac output of the right ventricle as a result of additional unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis, the hemodynamic impact of a ventricular septal defect is considerably increased and the development of pulmonary vascular disease accelerated. Since there are strong indications that unilateral pulmonary artery stenosis has more than a mere mechanical effect causing regulative (humorally?, neurogenically?) pulmonary hypertension due also to increased resistance, we are in favour of early closure of the ventricular septal defect and additionally, if technically possible, of an angioplasty or a bypass operation of the stenosis. Since, to the best of our knowledge, an association between proved pulmonary artery stenoses and embryofetal alcohol syndrome has not yet been reported, we feel that our findings are worth sharing. PMID- 6543070 TI - Fine structure and histochemistry of club cells in the skin of three species of eel. PMID- 6543071 TI - Application of formalin-fixed Schistosoma japonicum eggs to the circumoval precipitin test. PMID- 6543072 TI - [Biorhythmologic characteristics of potassium homeostasis in patients with psoriasis]. PMID- 6543073 TI - [Does deprivation of paradoxical sleep interfere with consolidation of memory traces?]. AB - The effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) with water tank method on memory in the passive avoidance test as well as on open field behaviour was studied in rats. The effect of combining water tank PSD with a period of normal sleep-wakefulness cycle or with PSD non-emotional awakening was investigated in a special series of experiments. It is concluded that PSD, even by the water tank procedure, does not disturb trace consolidation and formation of long-term memory in the passive avoidance test. However, change in the correlation of motor exploratory activity and fear reaction due to stress situation intrinsic in the water tank PSD procedure, does not allow the animals to reach comparatively long temporal criteria in the passive avoidance test. PMID- 6543074 TI - [Functional role of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus in defensive behavior in the rat]. AB - Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus of white rats were shown to facilitate elaboration of a conditioned response of active avoidance of pain shock in a shuttle-box. The lesions of the ventral hippocampus had no effect on conditioning. The ventral hippocampal lesions led to a complete failure to form differential inhibition. In rats with the dorsal hippocampal lesions an acquisition of partial (up to 60 per cent) discrimination of stimuli was possible. The differences in avoidance conditioning and elaboration of differential inhibition in rats with the dorsal and ventral hippocampal lesions are supposed to be caused by the changes of general excitability and emotional state of animals as well as by a specific role of the ventral hippocampus in memory consolidation. PMID- 6543075 TI - [Formation, fixation and reproduction of temporary connections in the rat after experimental myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6543076 TI - [Effect of preliminary painful stress on the elaboration of conditioned "passive" avoidance reactions in the mouse]. PMID- 6543077 TI - [Comparison of three methods of inducing physical dependence to morphine in rats using short-term medication]. AB - A comparison of several methods for developing physical dependence to morphine was made. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with morphine-admixed food (drug admixed food, DAF; 0.5 and 1 mg/g food), morphine slow release emulsion (SRE; 75, 100 and 150 mg/kg) and morphine (75 mg) pellets. In the SRE and pellet methods, the typical signs of morphine toxicity, such as catatonia, exophthalmos and shallow respiratory movements, were observed 15-20 min after the treatment and these signs were maintained for 14-18 hr. In rats treated with SRE and pellets, plasma morphine levels reached a maximum 1 day after the morphine treatment, and subsequently decreased, while plasma morphine levels in rats treated with DAF increased treatment period-dependently. Withdrawal signs precipitated by naloxone (3 mg/kg, sc) in rats treated with DAF, SRE and pellets were characterized by loss of body weight, shaking, vocalization, diarrhea, ptosis, tooth-chattering, nose bleed, salivation and lacrimation. Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs reached a maximum 1-2 days after treatment with SRE and pellets, and were correlated with the duration of DAF treatment. Rats treated with DAF, SRE (150 and 225 mg/kg) and pellets for 3 days, manifested loss of body weight, diarrhea etc. after the morphine withdrawal. Maximum body weight loss in each group was 7 10% at 1-2 days after the morphine withdrawal. It was thus, concluded that physical dependence on morphine can be induced rapidly by these three methods. However, the SRE and pellet methods induced morphine toxicity and it was difficult to maintain physical dependence on morphine in these rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543079 TI - Augmentation of sensitivity to ambulation-increasing effect of apomorphine induced by repeated administration in mice. AB - Effect of apomorphine on ambulatory activity in mice was investigated after single and repeated administration. The activity was measured by a tilting-type round activity cage of 20 cm in diameter. Single administration of apomorphine at doses of 0.016-0.13 mg/kg sc tended to decrease the ambulatory activity, while doses of 0.5-4 mg/kg sc increased it. Repeated administration of apomorphine (0.5 mg/kg sc) at intervals of 1 hr, 1 day and 7 days induced an augmentation of sensitivity to the ambulation-increasing effect of the drug regardless of the administration intervals. The same treatments of apomorphine (1 mg/kg sc) produced neither augmentation nor tolerance to it. However, the mice exhibited stereotyped behaviors such as sniffing and climbing after the repeated administration, although they hardly exhibited the stereotyped behaviors on the 1st administration. The augmentation of sensitivity, once produced, was well maintained 1 month after cessation of the repeated administration. The augmentation of sensitivity to apomorphine was produced in mice which had repeatedly exposed to both experimental situations in which the ambulation was freely allowed and perfectly restricted, respectivity, during presence of the acute drug effect. PMID- 6543078 TI - [The effects of chronic methamphetamine and single haloperidol injections on thiamine and its phosphate ester levels in the rat brain]. AB - The effects of chronic methamphetamine administration (10 mg/kg, ip) on thiamine and its phosphate esters in the rat brain were studied. Thiamine triphosphate (TTP) decreased significantly in correlation to the stereotyped behavior. However, thiamine, thiamine monophosphate (TMP) and thiamine diphosphate (TDP) did not change significantly. In the chronic methamphetamine intoxicated rat, TMP and TDP decreased immediately after a single haloperidol injection (10 mg/kg, ip), and the level of TDP decreased significantly TTP in the brain, however, did not change for 60 minutes. Further studies on the relationship between biogenic amines and TTP which is supposed to be a neuroactive agent would be required. PMID- 6543080 TI - [Effect of interferon and its liposome-incorporated inducer on the recovery of natural killer activity after immobilization stress]. AB - In this work the data on the decrease of the activity of natural killer cells, determined in the test of the release of radioactive chromium from labeled target cells YAC-1 in CBA and BALB/c mice after stress caused by 6-hour immobilization, are presented. The use of mouse leukocyte interferon and the agents inducing its synthesis (double-helical RNA and poly I X poly C, especially poly I X poly C contained in liposomes) has been shown to be highly effective for the restoration of the activity of natural killer cells after its suppression at the period following the stress. The probable role of deficiency of interferon-inducing agents in the mechanisms of decrease of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity after stress is discussed. PMID- 6543081 TI - [Limbic structures of the brain and the pathogenesis of neuroses]. AB - The understanding of the nature of neurosis as secondary to a chronic conflict of motivations intolerable for a given type of the nervous system has prompted the choice of experimental neurosis in rats in the form of switching heterogeneous conditional reflexes according to E.A. Asratyan. Bilateral hippocampectomy has been shown to eliminate the neurotic symptoms whereas following the bilateral destruction of the amygdala the conflict of motivations can be evaded only by facilitating the formation of the evidently predominant need. The consequences of neurotigenic impacts depend on the individual peculiarities of rats, which may be elicited by simulating Eysenck's parameters. A hypothesis is put forward according to which neurosis arises as a result of an impaired interaction between the frontal neocortex, hippocamp, amygdala, and hypothalamus. An important role is played by cerebral hypoxia resulting from chronic emotional stress. PMID- 6543082 TI - [Disease awareness among oncology patients]. AB - The characteristics of the disease awareness in cancer patients were analyzed. On the basis of the clinico-psychological examination over time of 250 cancer patients, the mechanisms of disorders of the disease awareness have been specified. These include a shift of the subjective zero of assessment, a change in the health ideal standard, fragmentation and retrospective overestimation of one's health, formation of a specific semantico-perceptive protection leading to an increase in the level of idefiniteness of negatively evaluated stimuli. The factors influencing the structure of the disease awareness as well as their association with deontological approaches are described. PMID- 6543083 TI - In vitro rabbit mammary gland chromatin replication studied by micrococcal nuclease digestion. AB - Isolated nuclei from pregnant rabbit mammary glands were labelled with [3H]dTTP under conditions for DNA synthesis and subsequently digested with micrococcal nuclease. Replicating chromatin was found to exhibit increased susceptibility towards the nuclease. Analysis of chromatin digestion products by sucrose density gradient centrifugation demonstrated the association of in vitro replicated DNA with nucleosomes. Furthermore, the distribution of DNA polymerizing activity was studied in isolated nuclease-digested mammary gland chromatin. About 90% of all recovered nuclear DNA polymerizing activity cosedimented with nucleosomal particles, mainly with mononucleosomes. The distribution of DNA polymerases alpha and beta in chromatin isolated from the mammary glands of pregnant and lactating rabbits was compared. In these physiological states the mononucleosome-associated DNA polymerase alpha activity varied in accordance with the rate of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6543084 TI - Surgical procedure in congenital curvature of the penis. AB - The results of 18 cases of surgical correction for congenital curvature of the penis are presented. In 17 out of 18 cases sexual intercourse which were very difficult or impossible before operation were referred as normal or satisfactory after surgery. PMID- 6543085 TI - Paired twisted filaments: a new ultrastructural marker of human pinealomas? AB - Paired twisted filaments (PTF) forming helices are described in tumor cells of three human pinealomas. Each filament was 8.11 +/- 1.55 nm wide. The maximal width of the helix was 16.62 +/- 2.62 nm. The periodicity of the constrictions was 26.63 +/- 4.49 nm. These characteristics appeared original, suggesting protein filaments possibly specific of pinealocytes. The similarities and discrepancies between PTF and Alzheimer's paired helical filaments (PHF) are discussed. PMID- 6543087 TI - HELLP syndrome--a serious complication of hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 6543086 TI - Hypotensive brain stem necrosis in a stillborn. AB - Hypotensive brain stem necrosis is reported in a stillborn. Additional postmortem findings included evidence of intrauterine distress, shock, and a pure blood culture of group B beta-hemolytic streptococci. These findings suggest group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis in utero, with a subsequent episode of transitory circulatory failure prior to intrauterine demise. PMID- 6543088 TI - Biopsy of chorionic villi for prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6543089 TI - Breast-milk antimicrobial factors of rural Gambian mothers. II. Influence of season and prevalence of infection. AB - The effects of season and variations in the prevalence of infectious disease on the concentrations and daily production of breast-milk immunoproteins were studied in 152 rural Gambian mothers and their children up to 26 months post partum. IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4, lactoferrin, lysozyme and secretory component concentrations and breast-milk volumes were measured longitudinally over a six month period which encompassed dry and rainy seasons. No increase in the production of any immunoprotein was observed at the time of maximum prevalence of serious infectious diseases, especially diarrhoea, in the children. Enhanced secretion of certain immunoproteins was noted in mothers of children aged 9-18 months at the beginning of the rainy season. There was some evidence that this may have been associated with skin sepsis, particularly impetigo, in the children. The production of most immunoproteins fell during the rainy season. This was not the result of declining maternal food intakes as similar decreases were seen for women receiving a dietary supplement. PMID- 6543090 TI - [Role of acetylcholine in the development of physical morphine dependence in rats]. PMID- 6543091 TI - [Heritability of patterns on the fingertips and their use in determining the zygosity of twins]. PMID- 6543093 TI - DNA-binding proteins in replicating and mitotically arrested brain neurons. PMID- 6543092 TI - Studies on the initiation of DNA synthesis in plant and animal cells. PMID- 6543094 TI - [Prophylactic treatment of retinal detachment and complemental treatment of retinal detachment surgery by argon laser photocoagulation]. PMID- 6543095 TI - [Effects of intravenous infusion of prostaglandin E1 on intraocular pressure, pupil diameter and blood-aqueous barrier in man]. PMID- 6543096 TI - [The effects of DDP on the seminiferous epithelium of rats]. AB - Adult male rats were injected intraperitoneally with 2 mg, 4 mg and 6 mg Cis diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) per kg body weight. The animals were then sacrificed on the 7th, 24th or 35th day. Two specimens of testis from each rat were stained by H.E. technique, then the Pachytene primary spermatocytes and Sertoli cells in the cross sectioned tubules at stage IV-V, IX-X and XIII-XIV were counted. Significant decrease of Pachytene/Sertoli(P/S) valueinstage IX-X tubules on the 24th day (p less than 0.01) suggests that DDP has a cytotoxic effect on early differentiated type A spermatogonia (A1). PMID- 6543098 TI - "A contribution towards the study of Madrid air mycoflora. II. Genus Cladosporium". AB - The genus Cladosporium was isolated from the atmospheric air of Madrid with a high frequency and proportion being found in the four areas, tested. No significant differences existed between them. From the study of the correlation matrices of the number of colonies of Cladosporium with meteorological and chemical contamination parameters, we can conclude that mean temperature, relative atmospheric humidity and carbon monoxide level seem to have a positive influence on the concentration of Cladosporium spores in atmospheric air. On the other hand, the direction of the wind and the level of sulfur dioxide seem to have a negative influence on the spores concentration. PMID- 6543097 TI - A kinetic study of the immediate nucleotide precursor of riboflavin in whole cells of Eremothecium ashbyii at rest. AB - Acid -soluble nucleotides from the mycelia were clearly separated by column chromatography on Dowex 1 X 2(HCOO-, 200 to 400 mesh). Under the experimental conditions used [2--14C] xanthine and [2--14C] guanine added were not incorporated into adenosine nucleotides but only into the guanosine nucleotides GMP, GDP, GDP-Man, and GpA. Purines labeled at carbon 2 were effectively transferred to riboflavin but not radioactivity from [8--14C]--hypoxanthine was detected in the produced riboflavin. Comparison of the specific activity/time curves of guanosine nucleotides and riboflavin indicated that the specific activity of newly formed riboflavin coincides perfectly with that of GTP during incubation, and that the specific activity of accumulated riboflavin, at its maximum value, intersects the GTP curve. Thus, the kinetic studies with whole cells of E. ashbyii provide clear evidence that, among various nucleotides, GTP is the immediate precursor of riboflavin, and further attest that the intermediates involved in the biosynthetic pathway of the nucleotide precursor to riboflavin are in a trace amounts but have high turnover rates and, that the biosynthetic pathway has no salvage pathway for the intermediate derivatives, di- and tri-amino pyrimidines. PMID- 6543099 TI - Reversible uremia due to bilateral ureteral obstruction from tuberculosis. Case report and review. AB - An El Salvadoran man with reversible uremia secondary to genitourinary tuberculosis is described. The literature of genitourinary tuberculosis is also reviewed with emphasis on the pathology and infrequency of renal failure in this setting. Although the total number of cases of tuberculosis and pulmonary disease in particular is declining, the prevalence of extrapulmonary TB is not. In addition, the incidence of TB in recent immigrants to the United States is extremely high. Thus, the finding of tuberculosis should prompt investigation to rule out genitourinary disease which can be clinically silent in a large percentage of the cases. PMID- 6543100 TI - [Diagnosis of genital herpes infections]. PMID- 6543101 TI - [Massive intracerebral hemorrhage and anterior spinal artery syndrome in etiologic relation to paraspinal anesthesia procedures? 2 case reports]. AB - Complications in connection with operations also lead to the question of possible relations to the type of anaesthesia and their avoidability. The subject is treated demonstrating two cases of intracerebral haemorrhage and anterior spinal artery syndrome during and following catheter-epidural anaesthesia or spinal anaesthesia, respectively. No definite causal connection was established, even if the emergencies presumably would not have occurred without operation and anaesthesia. Complications are not completely avoidable, even if operation and anaesthesia as regards indication, execution and monitoring, are carried out correctly. PMID- 6543102 TI - Diagnostic criteria for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for occult heartworm disease: standardization of the test system in naturally exposed dogs. AB - The development of criteria for interpreting and reporting the results of an occult heartworm enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to practitioners is described. The antigen is a saline extract of adult female Dirofilaria immitis. The cutoff absorbance A400 nm values were estimated, using 106 dogs free of infection. Any A400 nm value less than 0.526 is considered negative and values greater than or equal to 0.784 are positive. Intermediate A400 nm values are interpreted as suspect. Absorbance values for serum samples from 13 client-owned amicrofilaremic dogs revealed a bimodal distribution consistent with presumptive diagnosis based on clinical signs, which indicates that the test may be used to support a diagnosis of occult heartworm disease. The present serotest, however, is unable to distinguish microfilaremic dogs from noninfected dogs. Serum from dogs infected with other common helminths failed to crossreact with the D immitis antigen, with the exception of Dipetalonema reconditum. PMID- 6543103 TI - Application of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of platelet antibodies in dogs. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect serum antibodies reactive to canine platelets. The method used an anti-canine immunoglobulin G horseradish peroxidase conjugate, O-dianisidine, as a water soluble chromagen, and pooled platelets as a temporary antibody support. The ELISA was compared with a conventional immunoinjury method measuring the accelerating effect of platelet factor 3 on coagulation. The ELISA was more sensitive in the detection of antiplatelet antibodies in canine patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Serial dilution of rabbit anti-canine platelet serum revealed a positive correlation between the strength of the antiserum and the degree of color measured spectophotometrically, indicating that the absorbance value may be useful in estimating the amount of antibody present in the serum in indirect tests and on the platelets in direct tests. PMID- 6543104 TI - [Angiosarcoma of the breast]. AB - A painless ecchymotic plaque developed progressively on the right breast of a 16 years old girl. Failure of the first biopsies to bring up specific lesions and episodes of regression delayed the diagnosis until a very deep biopsy and a CT scan investigation revealed a diffuse and malignant vascular process. A simple mastectomy did not prevent recurrence and metastasing 3 months later. The clinical aspects of breast angiosarcoma, the shortcomings of investigative procedures and the recommended therapeutics are reviewed. PMID- 6543105 TI - [Disturbances in the digestive tract of Ips sexdentatus (Insecta: Scolitidae) induced by Parasitorhabditis ipsophila (Nematoda: Rhabditidae)]. AB - The histological study of the digestive tract in Ips sexdentatus parasitized by P. ipsophila showed major destruction of the microvillosities as well as vacuolization of the epithelial cells in the terminal part of the mesenteron. No damage could be observed in the hind gut nor during low contamination. Concurrently, the biochemical study indicated a lower amount of proteins in the alimentary bolus of parasitized insects along with a higher amount of proteins in the intestinal wall. Damage seemed chiefly mechanical and accounted for the disorders previously observed in populations. The apparent contradiction between the magnitude of damage to the intestinal epithelium and the mild effects of parasitism on host populations might be explained by the preferential location of nematodes in the terminal part of the mesenteron and the proximal part of the hind gut. PMID- 6543106 TI - [Serous-mucoid otitis media in infants]. PMID- 6543107 TI - Familial resemblance for head size in a Punjabi population of India. AB - Four head measurements were taken on a sample of 45 MZ and 101 DZ twin pairs, their 125 singleton siblings, 104 fathers and 103 mothers in 146 Punjabi families living in Chandiagarh, India. The data indicate stronger genetic determination for the gross head size than its different components. Apart from genetic factors the role of environmental factors in the transmission of these traits is discussed. No higher maternal effect in the transmission of these traits have been found in the present data. However, on the contrary a higher paternal effect is indicated. The heritability estimates from siblings and twin data are higher than those from parent-offspring data. The influence of dominance factors in the transmission of head height is also suggested. PMID- 6543108 TI - Effect of aztreonam on throat and stool flora of cancer patients. AB - Eighteen patients with hematological malignancies received aztreonam in one of two dosing regimens, 1 or 2 g every 8 h for a total of 7 to 9 days. Throat and stool cultures were obtained before and during treatment with aztreonam. Aztreonam had little effect on the predominant throat flora. In contrast, facultatively anaerobic gram-negative bacilli were markedly decreased in stools during the administration of aztreonam. Strict anaerobes in the stool were variably affected by aztreonam. PMID- 6543109 TI - Life cycle of the endoparasitic nematophagous fungus Meria coniospora: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The obligate endoparasitic fungus Meria coniospora lives its entire vegetative life within infected nematodes. Conidia of M. coniospora infect the nematode Panagrellus redivivus mainly in the mouth region. The infection, starting with adhesion of conidia to the nematode surface, growth of trophic hyphae, production of conidiophores and conidia, was followed using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6543110 TI - Trichosporon adeninovorans sp. nov., a yeast species utilizing adenine, xanthine, uric acid, putrescine and primary n-alkylamines as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. AB - A new yeast species, Trichosporon adeninovorans, was isolated from soil by the enrichment culture method. Apart from adenine, the strain utilized uric acid, guanine, xanthine, hypoxanthine, 6,8-dihydroxypurine, putrescine, propylamine, butylamine, pentylamine, hexylamine and octylamine as sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy. The structure of the cell wall of Tr. adeninovorans was ascomycetous. On the subcellular level growth on adenine or uric acid was accompanied with the development of microbodies in the cell. These cell organelles probably were the site of urate oxidase, an enzyme that, after growth on purine substrates, together with allantoinase was present at high activities. Low activities of adenine amidohydrolase and xanthine dehydrogenase were also demonstrated. PMID- 6543111 TI - [Ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex of the rat during noise stress and alcoholic intoxication]. AB - Ultrastructure of the rat sensomotor and acoustic cortex has been studied at a separate and joined effect of noise and alcoholic intoxication during 7 and 35 days. Certain changes in vessels, neural and glial cells specific for separate effect of noise and alcohol have been revealed. Combined application of noise and alcohol results in a more profound disorders in the cerebral vessels, with predominance of changes specific for alcoholic intoxication. Simultaneous decrease of the ultrastructural changes, peculiar for the separate effect of noise is explained as a decreasing functional loading on the cortical cells resulted from blocking synapses with alcohol. PMID- 6543112 TI - [Structure of the thymus gland of the rat in the prenatal and early postnatal periods of development after exposure to tetracycline during the period of fetogenesis]. AB - Structure of the thymus in Wistar rats has been studied during antenatal and early postnatal periods of ontogenesis by means of histological, morphometric and electron microscopic methods. Theraputic doses of tetracycline hydrochloride have been administered during fetogenesis (15-20 days of pregnancy). An accelerated formation of the thymic structures, cellular blasttransformation in the thymic cortex and movement of lymphocytes from the cortex into medulla and increased secretory activity of epithelioreticulocytes have been revealed. The data obtained are considered as a display of the organ's immune response to tetracycline administration. PMID- 6543113 TI - [Features of the structure of the mesenteric and tracheobronchial lymph nodes in rat offspring after exposure to tetracycline]. AB - Ante- and postnatal development of anatomical structures and cells of lymphatic nodes has been studied in rat offspring subjected to tetracycline effect during placentation and organogenesis (the 8th-14th days) and during fetogenesis (the 15th-20th days). Tetracycline injection during the 8th-14th days of embryogenesis results in certain disturbances of the nodular structure formations, inhibition of lympho- and plasmo-cytopoesis against the background of a sharp increase in number of basophilic granulocytes and tissue basophils. The antibiotic effect on the 15th-20th days of embryogenesis does not disturb the lymph node formation, but produces an increasing number of lymphocytes, plasmocytes, macrophages, eosinophilic granulocytes and tissue basophils in them. PMID- 6543114 TI - [Cytoarchitectonics and intercellular relations during posttraumatic regeneration of the epidermis]. AB - Dynamics of changes of intercellular contacts in the mouse spine epidermis have been studied in 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 days after its traumatic lesion performed up to the upper level of the papillary layer of the derm. In one day a complete desintegration of basal keratinocytes with some signs of reactive changes takes place. A partial desintegration is noted in the exfoliated spinous layer, which participates in the crust formation, as well as in formation of cells in marginal zones of the defect. When there is an intercellular edema, desmosomes manifest themselves as the most highly-adhesive junctions. On the 1st-7th day melanocytes loose their contacts with keratinocytes, but do not display any reactive changes. On the 7th day hyperplasia of the epithelial layer is noted with an increased number of apigmented granular dendrocytes that participate in fagocytosis. The intercellular contacts are reconstructed, however, essential intercellular spaces remain. By the 10th day the contacting surfaces of the cells are completely formed, possessing all specific for epidermis specialized junctions. Columnar organization of the layer is formed. PMID- 6543115 TI - Vaginal scent marking: effects on ultrasonic calling and attraction of male golden hamsters. AB - Male hamsters were tested for their responses to areas that had been scent marked by intact or vaginectomized females to determine the effects of naturally deposited vaginal secretions on male behavior. In the first experiment males produced more ultrasonic courtship calls when investigating areas marked by intact females than areas scented by vaginectomized females, demonstrating that vaginal marks facilitate such calling. In a wind-tunnel preference test situation in which scent-marked alleys and clean alleys served as sources of odor, males approached the scented alley first if it had been freshly marked by intact females but not if it had been scented by vaginectomized females or other males. Thus, the odors of vaginal marks are sufficient to attract males over short distances. After males entered these alleys they showed a preference for odors of both intact and vaginectomized females over no odors, but still spent significantly more time investigating the odors of intact females than those of vaginectomized females. These experiments indicate that vaginal secretions are one of the primary cues that elicit male courtship calling, and the small quantities of vaginal secretions deposited by females in vaginal marks are sufficient to elicit ultrasonic calling and attract males over short distances. Thus it is likely that vaginal scent marking and ultrasonic calling by females interact to facilitate attraction and location of mates during courtship. PMID- 6543116 TI - Response of male and female Siberian hamsters towards pups. AB - The influence of sex, reproductive maturity, and parental experience on the behavior of Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus sungorus) toward strange pups was examined in this study. Immature, mature, or parentally experienced male and female Siberian hamsters were presented with 3- to 8-day-old pups. We recorded pup carrying during the initial 10 min, nesting with pups after 8 or 14 h, and attacking pups during the test period. Among inexperienced animals, more mature males attacked pups than did immature males or mature females. Parental experience significantly decreased pup attacks by males and increased nesting with pups by both males and females. Repeated testing did not modify the responses to pups. We conclude that in Siberian hamsters both caretaking and aggressive responses to pups may be shown by immature and mature animals of both sexes. Parental experience resulted in increased caretaking by males and females and decreased aggressive responses by males. PMID- 6543117 TI - Acute and chronic stress effects on performance in a forced-swim task. AB - The effects of uncontrollable stressors on performance in a subsequent forced swim paradigm were assessed in mice. Uncontrollable shock initially induced behavioral invigoration; however, within 24 h of stressor application, swimming behavior was depressed relative to nonstressed mice. The controllability of the stressor did not influence the initial invigoration, being present among escapably shocked mice as well as among mice that received (yoked) inescapable shock. In contrast, the depression of responding evident 24 h after stressor application was related to the availability of behavioral coping methods. Finally, following repeated exposure to footshock there was no indication of adaptation to the behavioral changes ordinarily induced by acute shock stress. The data were related to the effects of uncontrollable stressors on escape performance, and with respect to the use of this preparation as an animal model of human depression. PMID- 6543118 TI - Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferases P, S and N. Isolation from rat liver of Yb1 Yn protein, the existence of which was predicted by subunit hybridization in vitro. AB - The glutathione S-transferases are dimeric proteins and comprise subunits of Mr 25 500 (Ya), 26 500 (Yn), 27 000 (Yb1 and Yb2) and 28 500 (Yc). Enzymes containing Ya and/or Yc subunits have been isolated as have forms containing binary combinations of Yn, Yb1 and Yb2 subunits. To date only one enzyme, transferase S, has been described that is a YbYn heterodimer [Hayes & Chalmers (1983) Biochem. J. 215, 581-588]; the identity of the Yb monomer found in transferase S has not been reported previously. The identification and isolation of a YnYn dimer (transferase N) from rat testis is now described. This has enabled structural and functional comparisons to be made between Yb1, Yb2 and Yn monomers. Reversible dissociation experiments between the YnYn and Yb1Yb1 homodimers and between the YnYn and Yb2Yb2 homodimers demonstrated that Yn monomers can hybridize with both Yb1 and Yb2 monomers. Reversible dissociation of transferases N and C (Yb1Yb2) showed that both Yb1 and Yb2 monomers can hybridize with Yn monomers under competitive conditions. The hydridization data suggest that transferase S represents the Yb2Yn subunit combination. A knowledge of the elution position from chromatofocusing columns of the Yb1Yn hybrid that was formed in vitro enabled a purification scheme to be devised for an enzyme from rat liver (transferase P) believed to consist of Yb1Yn subunits. A comparison of the chromatographic behaviour of the YnYn, Yb1Yb1 and Yb2Yb2 dimers on chromatofocusing and hydroxyapatite columns with the behaviour of transferases P and S on the same matrices suggests these two enzymes may be identified as the Yb1Yn and Yb2Yn dimers respectively. The catalytic activities and the inhibitory effects of non-substrate ligands on transferases P and S are significantly different and again suggest they comprise Yb1 and Yn subunits and Yb2 and Yn subunits respectively; transferase P exhibits a 6-fold higher specific activity for 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene than does transferase S, whereas, conversely, transferase S possesses a 9-fold higher specific activity for trans-4-phenylbut-3 en-2-one than does transferase P. The quaternary structure of transferases P and S was verified by using peptide mapping and 'Western blotting' techniques. PMID- 6543119 TI - [Calculation of stable conformations of the molecule of a serum thymic factor]. AB - Stable conformations of "facteur thimique serique" (FTS) were determined by semi empirical conformational analysis. The interpretation of the calculation results in combination with data on biological activity of the conformationally restricted FTS analogues enabled the delineation of a possible "biologically active" conformation. PMID- 6543120 TI - [The synthesis of valperinol and various 3-aminomethyl derivatives of 2,9 dioxatricyclo[4,3,1,0(3,7)]decane from didrovaltrate]. AB - 3-Aminomethyl derivatives of 2,9-dioxatricyclo [4,3,1,0(3,7)]decane, can be synthesized via an amination, starting from (1R, 3S, 4S, 6R, 7S, 8R, 10R)-3 iodomethyl-4-acetoxy-8-methoxy-10-methyl-2, 9-dioxatricyclo [4,3,1,0(3,7)]decane or (1R, 3S, 4S, 6R, 7S, 8R)-3-iodomethyl-4-acetoxy-8-methoxy-10-methylen-2,9- dioxatricyclo [4,3,1,0(3,7)]decane, which can be prepared from didrovaltrate. PMID- 6543121 TI - Anti-ulcer and antisecretory activity of selected imidazopiperidines. AB - New thioureas and ureas with an interesting anti-ulcer and antisecretory activity are disclosed. The chemical synthesis, determination of the structure, and structure-activity relationships of the compounds are discussed. PMID- 6543122 TI - Antagonism by supidimide of haloperidol-induced augmentation of [3H]-spiperone binding in rat striatum. AB - Rats were treated for two weeks with haloperidol alone or with additional test drugs and the D2 receptor density in the striatum was investigated after a drug free period of five days. The D2 receptor system as analysed by [3H]-spiperone binding was best characterized by a model with two binding sites of different affinity and the following constants: KDhigh = 0.13 nmol/l; KDlow = 5.8 nmol/l; Bmax high = 107 fmol/mg prot.; Bmax low = 598 fmol/mg prot. Chronic haloperidol treatment substantially augmented the total binding capacity primarily, if not exclusively, due to an increase of Bmax low. 2-(2-Oxo-3-piperidyl)-1,2 benzisothiazoline-3-one-1,1-dioxide (supidimide), a functional synergist of neuroleptics in acute experiments, surprisingly antagonized the haloperidol induced receptor augmentation, whereas other CNS depressants (diazepam and phenobarbital) were ineffective. PMID- 6543123 TI - Evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs in gerbils with reflex epilepsy. AB - In more than 98% of randomly bred gerbils epileptic seizures could be evoked by blowing at the animals with compressed air (5 bars for 10 s). In contrast, only few animals showed seizures in response to environmental stimuli (e.g., new cage) and handling. Thus, administration of drugs was possible without precipitating seizures. The severity of the seizures was rated on a seven-point scale. Seizure severity increased with age and reached its maximum at about 7 months. Comparison of pharmacokinetics of common antiepileptic drugs showed that these drugs, except phenobarbital, were rapidly eliminated by the gerbil which, in this respect, resembled the mouse. For determination of anticonvulsant ED50S of antiepileptic drugs in gerbils there was differentiated between "minor" seizures (grade 1-2; myoclonic seizures) and "major" seizures (grade 3-5; generalized clonic-tonic seizures). Phenobarbital, phenytoin and carbamazepine were more potent against major seizures than against minor seizures, whereas the reverse situation was obtained with diazepam, valproic acid and ethosuximide. The relative activity of the different antiepileptic drugs against minor and major seizures in gerbils corresponded to the respective activity in traditional mouse models of petit mal and grand mal epilepsy. In further experiments, a series of GABAmimetic drugs was tested, namely, compounds that selectively increase gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neuronal inhibition in the brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543124 TI - Pharmacological studies on propafenone and its main metabolite 5 hydroxypropafenone. AB - The new antiarrhythmic drug propafenone and its main human metabolite 5 hydroxypropafenone were investigated for antiarrhythmic, local anaesthetic, Ca++ antagonistic and beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects as well as for their activity on the central nervous system. In isolated organs (guinea-pig atria, rat aortic strips) 5-hydroxypropafenone had a smaller effect on the maximum following frequency, a greater negative inotropic effect, a greater Ca++-antagonistic effect and a very distinctly weaker beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect than propafenone. Consistent with its antiarrhythmic potency in vitro, intra-cutaneous 5-hydroxypropafenone had a smaller local anaesthetic effect in the guinea pig wheal. In contrast to these findings 5-hydroxypropafenone showed a stronger antiarrhythmic potency in vivo (rat and dog), as demonstrated on the aconitine- and infarction arrhythmias. In addition, in His bundle studies 5 hydroxypropafenone caused a more marked prolongation of the conduction time in atria, AV-node and His-Purkinje system. In vivo the beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect of 5-hydroxypropafenone (isoprenaline tachycardia, rat) was smaller than that of propafenone. The difference between the in vitro and in vivo potency of 5 hydroxypropafenone may be explained by differences in pharmacokinetics, e.g. by a smaller distribution volume compared to propafenone. CNS effects were investigated due to local anaesthetic properties of the substances tested. As indicator of CNS activity anticonvulsant effects, detectably beneath convulsion inducing doses, were determined in rats (max. electroshock seizures). The results show low CNS activity of propafenone which is even lower for the metabolite but which is distinctly higher for lidocaine and - related to the antiarrhythmic potency - for flecainide, too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543125 TI - The response of the calcium dependent myocardial contractility to the new cardiotonic agent sulmazole. AB - In vitro and in vivo animal experiments to test the positive inotropism of 2-[(2 methoxy-4-methylsulfinyl)-phenyl]-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (sulmazole, AR-L 115 BS) have shown increases of contractility of up to 220% in the mmol/l concentration range. Comparative studies designed to attribute to sulmazole mechanisms established for other positive inotropic drugs have been negative for digitalis and beta-adrenoceptor agonists but showed slight similarities to xanthine derivatives. To explore the yet unknown mode of action of sulmazole we investigated the interaction between sulmazole and non-humoral/non-drug interventions for positive inotropism in vitro. Peak tension obtained in solutions varying in calcium content between 0.36 and 7.2 mmol/l Ca2+ were normalized with respect to the tension measured at standard 1.8 mmol/l Ca2+ for control and sulmazole treated preparations (sheep interventricularis cordis muscle and guinea pig papillary muscle). Double logarithmic plots of normalized tension versus calcium concentration were linear and superimposable for control, 10(-4), and 10(-3) mol/l sulmazole. In depleted sodium solutions (choline substitution) normalized peak tension of control and 10(-4) mol/l sulmazole containing solutions did not significantly differ. In length-tension plots sulmazole behaved as did increased extracellular calcium. We assume that the positive inotropism of sulmazole is primarily due to a displacement of calcium at non-specific ligand sites within the protein matrix of the cytosol which effectively raises the apparent intracellular calcium activity. PMID- 6543126 TI - Preclinical safety evaluation of intravenously administered mixed micelles. AB - Mixed micelles, with their main constituents lecithin and glycocholic acid, form a new principle for the parenteral administration of compounds which are poorly water-soluble. Their composition of mainly physiological substances as well as their comparatively good stability substantiate their attractivity in comparison to existing solvents. A decomposition due to physical influences such as heat or storage for several years will almost exclusively affect the lecithin component in the form of hydrolysis into free fatty acids and lysolecithin. Their toxicity was examined experimentally in various studies using both undecomposed and artificially decomposed mixed micelles. In these studies the mixed micelles were locally and systemically well tolerated and proved to be neither embryotoxic, teratogenic nor mutagenic. Only when comparatively high doses of the undecomposed mixed micelles were administered, corresponding to approximately 30 to 50 times the anticipated clinical injection volume (of e.g. diazepam mixed micelles), did some vomitus (dogs), slight liver enzyme elevation (rats and dogs), and slightly increased liver weights (dogs) occur. After repeated injections of the artificially decomposed formulation (approximately 25% of lecithin hydrolyzed to free fatty acids and lysolecithin) effects such as intravascular haemolysis, liver enzyme elevations and intrahepatic cholestasis (dogs only) were observed but only when doses exceeding a threshold of approximately 40 to 60 mg lysolecithin/kg body weight were administered. All alterations were reversible after cessation of treatment. PMID- 6543127 TI - [Inactivation of viruses in Factor XIII concentrate by pasteurization]. AB - The use of a pasteurization step (heating in solution to 60 degrees C for 10 h) makes it possible to inactivate viruses, thus increasing the safety of the preparations. Using Factor XIII concentrate solution, it can be shown that hepatitis B virus and 10 other virus species are inactivated. Pasteurized Factor XIII was produced from starting material containing a total of 10(5.7) CID50 hepatitis-B virus (10(3.5) CID50/ml; CID = chimpanzee infectious dose). This Factor XIII preparation was injected in 4 chimpanzees; they remained healthy over an observation period of 37 weeks, whereas the 2 chimpanzees that received nonheated starting material developed hepatitis B. Furthermore, Rous-sarcoma, Epstein-Barr, cytomegalo, herpes simplex, measles, and rubella virus added to Factor XIII solution are inactivated by pasteurization within 2 h, mumps virus within 8 h, and adeno, polio, and vaccinia virus within 10 h. Pasteurizing of clotting factor preparations during the manufacturing process is a suitable for inactivating viruses and thereby increasing the safety of the preparations. PMID- 6543128 TI - Effects of dibekacin, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, on the rat sciatic nerve gastrocnemius muscle preparation. AB - O-3-amino-3-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----6)-O-[2,6-diamino-2,3,4,6 tetradeoxy-alpha-D-erythro-hexopyrano-hexopyranosyl-(1----4 ) ]-2-deoxy-L- streptamine (dibekacin), like other known aminoglycoside antibiotics, possesses a dose-dependent neuromuscular blocking activity in vivo. d-Tubocurarine, at a dose which per se does not influence the contraction of gastrocnemius muscle elicited by sciatic nerve stimulation, significantly potentiates the neuromuscular blockade produced by dibekacin. Neostigmine methylsulfate is unable to reverse the neuromuscular blocking activity of dibekacin, whereas calcium chloride antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade produced by this antibiotic. PMID- 6543129 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of antileukemic and trypanocidal compounds with amidino and imidazolinyl groups. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a series of heterocyclic compounds substituted with amidino or imidazolinyl groups and showing trypanocidal and antileukemic activity has been studied in mice and rats using radiolabelled material and newly developed HPLC techniques. Trypanocidal compound 261/115 (2-Amidino-indole-6 carboxamidine) showed species differences in mice and rats, however, in mice no differences were detected after i.p. and s.c. administration. Terminal half-life was 2.4 h and 5 days in mice and rats, respectively. Trypanocidal compound 102/198 [2-(4-Amidinophenyl)indole-6-carboxamidine), DAPI) showed a terminal half life of 60 days in rats. For both compounds excretion data were determined, accounting for less than 1% in bile in both cases, 36% and 7.5% in urine and 36% and 22.5% in faeces for 261/115 and 102/198, respectively. According to an organ balance and a computer fit of excretion data extensive tissue binding seems to be responsible for this long terminal half-life. This is also suggested by RBC/plasma partitioning data. Since biliary excretion is negligible, direct excretion into the gut might be responsible for the excretion in faeces. For other antileukemic diamidines as well as for analogous diimidazolinyl compounds consisting of two heterocyclic nuclei linked by a double bond plasma pharmacokinetics were determined in mice after i.p. administration. Their terminal half-lives ranged between 3.5 and 10.7 h. For all compounds studied multi-compartmental models could be established. In addition, it could be shown for 261/115 and 150/129 [E)-2.2'-Vinylenedi-1-benzofurane-5-carboxamidine) that their pharmacokinetics were not dose-dependent. In general, imidazolinyl compounds showed higher plasma levels than did their amidine analogues. This property seems to be related to their solubility. However, no correlation could be found between pharmacokinetic properties and antileukemic activity. Therefore other properties like DNA-binding, tissue distribution etc. should be considered in evaluating new strategies for the development of antileukemic compounds. PMID- 6543130 TI - Chemical characterization of iron (III)-hydroxide-dextrin complexes. A comparative study of commercial preparations with alleged reproductions used in the examination of bioavailability. AB - The iron (III)-hydroxide-dextrin complexes in two commercial preparations were compared with alleged reproduction which have been prepared for bioavailability studies published recently. Precipitation behaviour in chloride media, kinetics of reduction by ascorbic acid, magnetic susceptibility and laser light scattering data reveal that the original preparations and the alleged reproductions are neither identical nor equivalent in chemical properties. The historical controversy about iron(II) versus iron(III) preparations in oral therapy should be dropped because, on chemical grounds, iron(II) salts are sources of iron(III) species appearing in the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 6543131 TI - Iron pharmacokinetics after administration of ferric-hydroxide-polymaltose complex in rats. AB - This paper reports a study of the pharmacokinetics of ferrous sulphate and ferric hydroxide-polymaltose complex (Hw 6400, Ferrum Hausmann) administered orally and intravenously to anaemic and non-anaemic rats of both sexes. Radiolabelled ferrous sulphate and ferric-hydroxide-polymaltose complex was used to study iron utilization after oral administration. Measurements of radioactivity in serum, packed red cells, whole blood, liver, kidney, spleen, bone and in some cases in the gastrointestinal tract were made following a range of dosages between 0.84 and 41.9 mg Fe/kg. No significant difference in bioavailability or iron utilization was found between the two iron preparations. Pharmacokinetic measurements following i.v. administration showed different distribution volumes, iron clearance and elimination constants for the two preparations. This difference in pharmacokinetic behaviour following oral administration, particularly in the case of non-anaemic rats, was confirmed by the observation that a 10- to 20 fold smaller dose of FeSO4 than of iron-polymaltose complex was required to achieve the same rise in serum iron. It is therefore not justifiable to draw conclusions about the bioavailability of chemically different iron preparations (iron salts and iron hydroxide complexes) on the basis of AUC values for serum iron increases observed in non-anaemic animals or human subjects. PMID- 6543132 TI - On the absorption of divalent and trivalent iron in living rats. AB - For therapeutic purposes ferric and ferrous iron seems to be evaluated in favour of the latter, despite of the fact that at least in animal experiments no difference was observed as far as the bioavailability of either valency state of iron is concerned; prerequisite is that iron has been administered in ionized form. These results have been proven actually by the studies on normal and iron deficient rats in vivo fed by stomach tube with radioactively labeled 59Fe (FeSO4), 59Fe-(FeCl3), and the organic complex of 59Fe-Fe(III)-polymaltose). At least in iron-deficient rats the utilization of iron administered in the form of the organic complex was little less than that obtained after having fed FeSO4. Besides the retention of 59Fe-radioactivity 6 days later after the administration also the uptake of 59Fe-radioactivity into erythrocytes and liver has been measured. PMID- 6543133 TI - On the therapeutic effects of trivalent and divalent iron in iron deficiency anaemia. AB - The effectiveness of orally administered iron was investigated using three different iron preparations in a randomized study with 3 patient groups, each consisting of 20 subjects with iron deficiency anaemia. Group A received a ferric(III)-dextrin complex, group B Fe(II)-sulfate, and group C Fe(II)-fumarate with vitamins. For all three preparations the increase in the number of erythrocytes as well as hemoglobin and hematocrit values ran absolutely parallel for a period of 12 weeks. A relevant difference between the trivalent ferric dextrin complex and the two bivalent iron preparations could not be detected on evaluation of the parameters measured except for a moderate increase in the transaminase values in the patients group who received the Fe(II)-sulfate preparation. No differences were found among the preparations with respect to tolerance. The results are discussed with respect to a possible overloading of the iron transport system by highly absorptive Fe(II)-preparations. PMID- 6543134 TI - Effects of naftidrofuryl on the time course of the regional cerebral blood flow in acute ischemic stroke. AB - The effects of naftidrofuryl (LS-121), which is known as an activator of the cerebral glucose metabolism in addition to acting as a cerebral vasodilator on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), were investigated in acute and subacute ischemic stroke patients. Six acute patients and 5 subacute patients were treated with 100-200 mg/day of naftidrofuryl for 7-14 days, and the rCBF was measured before and after the treatment by the 133Xe inhalation method. The hemispheric rCBF was significantly increased by 24% for the acute stage and 22% for the subacute stage in the affected side, compared with the stage-matched control group. Naftidrofuryl may accelerate the recovery of the rCBF of the affected hemisphere even in the acute stage. PMID- 6543135 TI - [Bioavailability of isosorbide-5-mononitrate from delayed-action formulations]. AB - The relative bioavailability of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) has been determined after a 3-day period of dosing with 20 mg in standard-release reference tablets and sustained-release capsules at 12-h intervals, 40 mg in sustained-release capsules (Olicard 40 retard) at 24-h intervals and after single oral dose of 60 mg sustained-release capsules (Olicard 60 retard), in a cross over study with 12 human subjects. Accumulation factors of 1.1-fold or 1.2-fold occurred during administration of 20 mg in standard- or sustained-release tablets and capsules respectively at 12-h intervals, and negligible accumulation of drug occurred after administration of 40 mg in sustained-release capsules at 24-h intervals or was calculated by the superposition principle to occur after doses of 60 mg in sustained-release capsules at 24-h intervals. The mean extent of bioavailability of IS-5-MN from the 20 mg, 40 mg and 60 mg sustained-release capsules was 79%, 67% and 70% respectively, of that from the standard-release reference tablets. The posterior probability that the bioavailability of IS-5-MN was included within the limits 60%-90% of the reference tablets was 97%, 86% and 95% for the 20 mg, 40 mg and 60 mg sustained-release capsules respectively. Means of peak plasma levels of IS-5-MN after administration of the sustained-released capsules were linearly related to the doses administered.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543136 TI - [Multicenter long-term study of gallopamil in patients with coronary heart disease]. AB - Efficacy and tolerance of gallopamil (Procorum) were investigated over a period of 1 year under practice conditions in a total of 455 patients (254 male, 201 female), aged 62 years (male) and 66 (female) on an average, with electrocardiographically confirmed coronary heart disease. The most frequently applied dosage was 1 film-coated tablet of gallopamil 50 mg 2-3 times daily. Frequency of attacks and nitro consumption as criteria of efficacy decreased by an average of approx. 80% in comparison to the placebo period. Full effectiveness was usually reached 4 weeks after start of therapy. ST-depression under exercise diminished by approx. 50%. An improved exercise tolerance was likewise observed, especially in patients who only tolerated up to 100 Watt prior to therapy. Therapeutic success was defined as good in 73% of the cases, satisfactory in 17.3% and insufficient in 6.7% by the trial physicians - the patient's opinion also being taken into consideration. A decrease of effectiveness was not observed during the one-year therapy. No uniform influence on the laboratory parameters could be revealed. The most frequent side-effects were: gastric discomfort (13 patients), bradycardia (7 patients) and AV-prolongation (3 patients). A total of 77 patients (16.9%) had to discontinue therapy. 29 out of these discontinuations were not therapy-related (drop-outs); 12 were based on an insufficient therapeutic success, 13 on hospitalization, 11 on extracardiac, 4 on cardiac adverse reactions and 8 patients (1.8%) died during the study. In a global assessment the trial physicians described the tolerability as good in 92% of the patients, fair in 2.9% and poor in 2.4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543137 TI - [Metoclopramide plasma levels following oral administration of high doses for prophylaxis of emesis in cytostatic therapy]. AB - To investigate the effectiveness of high oral doses of the antiemetic agent 4 amino-5-chloro-N-(2-diethyl-aminoethyl)-2-methoxybenzamide (metoclopramide, MCP, Gastrosil) against nausea and vomiting induced by certain cyostatic drugs, blood was withdrawn repeatedly from 9 patients; MCP plasma levels were then determined. Patients received 3 X 50 mg MCP-hydrochloride tablets in intervals of 4 h. Plasma levels determined from 7 patients were as follows: 173 ng/ml 1 h following the first dose of MCP 235 ng/ml 1 h following the second dose and finally 265 ng/ml following the third dose. Using the oral MCP dosage regimen presented in this study, high and relatively constant MCP plasma concentrations without undesired peak levels could be achieved. PMID- 6543138 TI - In vitro-in vivo correlation, a time scaling problem? Evaluation of mean times. AB - A new algorithm for the calculation of the mean time and further statistical moments is presented by means of a mathematical deduction which is outlined in brief. The graphical interpretation of the mathematical results demonstrates that the calculation is easy to perform. Furthermore the method is illustrated in detail with data from a sustained release formulation of theophylline. These data were obtained from a clinical study and from an in vitro dissolution test with the same formulation. Statistical analysis revealed that the rate of release in vivo was slower than in vitro by a factor of 0.7, using a commercial dissolution model. Implications of this approach with respect to in vitro - in vivo correlations are discussed. PMID- 6543140 TI - [Significance and trends in intrauterine growth in developing countries]. PMID- 6543139 TI - The perinatal management of pregnancy complicated by massive intracerebral hemorrhage. AB - A pregnancy complicated by massive intracerebral hemorrhage with resultant maternal and fetal problems is presented. Aggressive maternal care, fetal surveillance, and perinatal management resulted in a successful outcome. PMID- 6543141 TI - [Evans syndrome. Presentation of a case in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6543142 TI - A case of malignant mesothelioma containing fibrous long-spacing fibers in the sarcomatous stroma. AB - Fibrous long-spacing fibers (FLS) of a 90- to 120-nm period found in malignant mesothelioma of a 73-year-old woman were described. The FLS were observed in the reticular stroma with a fibroblastic variety of tumor cells, and they appeared to blend with bundles of thin collagen fibers and a moderate amount of ruthenium red (RR)-positive materials. No FLS were recognizable in the myxomatous stroma with abundant RR-positive materials or in the collagenous stroma packed with thick collagen fibers. Therefore, the presence of both thin collagen fibers and tumor cells of fibroblastic differentiation is presumed to be responsible for the formation of the FLS in the particular tumor. PMID- 6543144 TI - Microtubule-associated proteins connect microtubules and neurofilaments in vitro. AB - Neuronal intermediate filaments (neurofilaments) prepared from brain form a viscous sedimentable complex with microtubules under suitable conditions [Runge, M.S., Laue, T.M., Yphantis, D.A., Lifsics, M.R., Saito, A., Altin, M., Reinke, K., & Williams, R.C., Jr. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 1431-1435]. Under the same conditions, neurofilaments prepared from spinal cord did not form such a complex. Brain neurofilaments were shown to differ from spinal cord neurofilaments in part by having proteins that resemble microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) attached to them. MAPs became bound to spinal cord neurofilaments when the two structures were incubated together. The resulting MAP-decorated neurofilaments formed a viscous complex with microtubules, showing that some component of the MAPs mediated the association between the two filamentous organelles. By means of gel filtration, the MAPs were separated into two major fractions. The large Stokes radius fraction was active in producing neurofilament microtubule mixtures of high viscosity, while the small Stokes radius fraction was not. The dependence of the viscosity of neurofilament-microtubule mixtures upon the concentration of MAPs was found to possess a maximum. This result suggests that the MAPs serve as cross-bridges between the two structures. Neurofilaments, with and without bound MAPs, were allowed to adhere to electron microscope grids. The grids were then exposed to microtubules, fixed, and stained. The grids prepared with MAP-decorated neurofilaments bound numerous microtubules, each in apparent contact with one or more neurofilaments. The grids prepared with untreated neurofilaments lacked microtubules. These results show that one or more of the MAPs mediates association between microtubules and neurofilaments. PMID- 6543143 TI - Ontogenesis of physiological responsiveness and guanine nucleotide sensitivity of cardiac muscarinic receptors during chick embryonic development. AB - Atria isolated from 4-day chick embryos were much less responsive to the negative chronotropic effect of muscarinic agonists than were atria from 5- or 8-day embryos, even though the density of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) was similar at all these ages. The mAChR in hearts from 4-day embryos were also significantly less susceptible to regulation of receptor number by in vivo agonist treatment and required a 2-5-fold greater dose of the muscarinic agonist carbachol to achieve a decrease in receptor number equivalent to that observed in 5- or 8-day embryonic hearts. When 4-day atrial membranes were assayed in physiological buffers, agonist binding to the mAChR was not regulated by GTP unless a sulfhydryl reducing agent was present. Receptors from 5- and 8-day embryos did not require addition of a sulfhydryl reducing agent in order to see guanine nucleotide effects on agonist binding. Even in the presence of a sulfhydryl reducing agent, carbachol binding to the mAChR in 4-day membranes was much less sensitive to guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (GppNHp) than binding to mAChR in 5- or 8-day membranes. In addition, forskolin-activated adenylate cyclase activity was much less sensitive to inhibition by GppNHp in membranes from 4-day atria than from 5- and 8-day atria. The GTP-binding component (NI) which couples the mAChR to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity was examined by covalent modification with pertussis toxin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543145 TI - 99m Technetium labelled heparin: potential value as a tracer of heparin activity in pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies. AB - Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of 99m Technetium (99mTc) labelled heparin were studies to assess its value as a tracer of heparin kinetics in comparison with unlabelled heparin. In vitro, the stability and labelling efficiency (98%) of the labelled drug were excellent and elution was minimal. In vivo, after I.V. infusion of the drug, there was no difference in the same animal between anticoagulant activity measurements and radioactive countings, both displaying a plasmatic biexponential pattern (T1 = 2.9 minutes, T2 = 76 minutes). Biodistribution studies showed primarily liver, spleen and kidney accumulation, with no thyroid uptake. The advantages of this technetium labelling may therefore be used for the heparin drug in various experimental and pathological situations even in humans. PMID- 6543146 TI - Morphine effects on spontaneous, nociceptive, antinociceptive and sensory evoked responses of parafasciculus thalami units in morphine naive and morphine dependent rats. AB - The present experiments used freely behaving animals previously implanted with permanent recording electrodes within the parafasciculus thalami (PF) and stimulation electrodes in nociceptive and antinociceptive areas. The spontaneous and the evoked activity in PF neurons following nociceptive, antinociceptive and sensory stimulation, as well as the effects of morphine and its antagonist naloxone on these inputs in morphine naive and morphine dependent animals, were investigated. The observations demonstrated that the spontaneous activity of PF neurons exhibits variable spontaneous firing rates which are affected by acute and chronic morphine treatment. The PF neuronal population exhibits neurophysiological activity characteristic of morphine dependence, tolerance and withdrawal from morphine. The PF receives mono-, oligo- and polysynaptic inputs from multiple sources, including regions associated with pain pathways which converge on PF cells, as well as from sites involved in pain suppression mechanisms, which supports the hypothesis of a role of the PF as a modulator of pain input. The nociceptive, antinociceptive and sensory inputs are not modified by chronic morphine treatment, but single doses of morphine have remarkable effects on those inputs in morphine naive and morphine dependent animals; naloxone reversed the morphine effects on the evoked activity. PMID- 6543147 TI - Multiunit bursts in rat pallidum during grooming and stereotyped jaw movements. AB - Extracellular recordings from the globus pallidus of awake, unrestrained rats showed a distinctive bursting activity during grooming behaviour and in periods of stereotyped jaw movements induced by amphetamine (3 or 5 mg/kg IP) or apomorphine (2 mg/kg SC). During stereotyped licking, there was one burst for each outward movement of the tongue. The bursts were shown to consist of several separate unit spikes firing so as to produce a fusiform envelope of amplitudes, suggesting an ordered recruitment of pallidal neurons related to licking. PMID- 6543148 TI - Regional effects of ethanol on limbic afterdischarge activity. AB - This study assessed the effects of acute administration of ethanol on afterdischarge (AD) activity evoked by electrical stimulation of the amygdala, septum and hippocampus. Limbic AD thresholds, duration and propagation were determined in cats following intravenous infusions of saline or ethanol (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg). Ethanol administrations significantly increased septal and amygdalar, but not hippocampal AD thresholds. This effect was dose-related and most pronounced at the septum. Reductions in AD duration followed ethanol treatment and demonstrated similar regional differences. In addition, projected discharges were reduced, propagation of AD from stimulation sites to limbic and neocortical projections sites were suppressed and ictal episodes were attenuated following ethanol treatment. Afterdischarge activity was affected even by the 0.4 g/kg dose which produced no observable change in behavior. These findings indicate that ethanol reduces the responsiveness of limbic structures to electrical stimulation--suppressing the initiation, maintenance and propagation of limbic afterdischarges. The amygdala, septum and hippocampus proved differentially sensitive to ethanol. PMID- 6543149 TI - Hexose transport in plasma membrane vesicles of rat myoblast L6. AB - To determine the molecular mechanism of hexose transport in rat myoblasts, transport studies were carried out with purified plasma membrane vesicles. Rat myoblasts were homogenized and fractionated by differential and sucrose gradient centrifugation. Six different fractions were obtained. Studies with marker enzymes revealed that two fractions (A and B) were composed of only plasma membrane. These two fractions differed considerably in their physical properties. Fraction A was composed of large multilaminated vesicles, with an intravesicular volume of 50 microL/mg protein, whereas fraction B was composed of membrane fragments and much smaller vesicles, with an intravesicular volume of 7 microL/mg protein. Based on the response of the ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase activity to sodium dodecyl sulfate and ionophore treatments, it seemed likely that fraction A was composed of a significant amount of sealed right-side-out vesicles, whereas fraction B was composed of mainly membrane sheets or leaky vesicles. The initial rate of hexose influx into the membrane vesicles was determined by the flow dialysis technique. The optimal conditions for 2 deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake into the plasma membrane vesicles were either 50 mM phosphate buffer or 10 mM 2-(N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazin-N'-yl)ethanesulfonic acid buffer at pH 7.0. In the presence of 500 microM 2-DG, the initial rates of 2-DG influx were 295 and 49 nmol/min per milligram protein for fractions A and B, respectively. In other words, after 1 min of incubation, the intravesicular concentration of 2-DG was around 6 mM, about 10 times the extravesicular concentration. D-Glucose was taken up to a similar extent (333 nmol/min per milligram protein), whereas L-glucose only equilibrated across the plasma membrane. Analysis of the fate of 2-DG revealed that the substrate was not phosphorylated upon incubation with the vesicles. Transport activity can be abolished either by disruption of the membrane vesicles or by reduction of the electrical potential across the membrane. PMID- 6543150 TI - Genetic linkage between malathion and dieldrin resistance in Anopheles arabiensis. AB - A strain of Anopheles arabiensis resistant to both malathion and dieldrin was crossed and backcrossed to a susceptible strain. The progeny were tested on each insecticide in turn. Less than 50% mortality in the second insecticide exposure among the backcross progeny indicated linkage between the resistance genes. In a backcross of A. gambiae X A. arabiensis hybrids a recombination rate of 7.5% was observed. A Y-translocation strain of A. arabiensis showed less than 2.8% recombination between the resistance genes. It is impossible to confirm the genotype of apparent recombinants using existing stocks, but the two resistance mechanisms are biochemically distinguishable. If the two genes are very closely linked, linkage disequilibrium could influence the consequences of switching to malathion spraying after dieldrin resistance has evolved. PMID- 6543152 TI - Cisplatin, doxorubicin, and 5-FU in combination for advanced gastric cancer. PMID- 6543151 TI - Chemotherapy of invasive or metastatic thymoma: report of 11 cases. AB - Eleven patients with invasive thymoma (seven males and four females) were seen from 1977 to 1983. All patients were adults with a median age of 46 years (range, 24-62), and presented after surgical exploration with nonremovable primary and with one or more of the following patterns of tumor extension: supraclavicular lymphadenopathy (four patients), superior vena cava syndrome (two), pleural effusion (nine), and pericardial effusion (three). The following distant metastases were also observed: lung (six patients), liver (one), skin (two), peritoneum (two), bone (one), and brain (one). The chemotherapy was administered in 4-day courses. All patients received the following: 50 mg/m2 of cisplatin iv and 40 mg/m2 of doxorubicin iv on Day 1, 0.6 mg/m2 of vincristine iv on Day 3, and 700 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide iv on Day 4. The course was repeated every 3 weeks. Toxic effects were tolerable, as expected for the drug combination adopted. Four of 11 patients achieved objective complete regression of disease and six of 11 had partial remission, for an overall response rate of 91%; one patient had stable disease for 7 months. Six patients have died and the median survival has been 12.5 months, ranging from 5 to 23 months. PMID- 6543153 TI - Cisplatin in medulloblastoma with extracranial metastasis: a case report. PMID- 6543154 TI - Methylprednisolone and chlorpromazine alone or in combination for the control of cisplatin-induced emesis. PMID- 6543156 TI - The stimulation of calcium-dependent processes by chelating agents. PMID- 6543157 TI - [Post-irradiation monster cells in the testes of dogs]. AB - One whole-body homogeneous gamma-irradiation of dogs by 100 Gy resulted in numerous testicular multinucleated cells. Their genesis was discussed. PMID- 6543155 TI - Fibrillar and cytoskeletal substructure of tight junctions: analysis of single stranded tight junctions linking fibroblasts of the lamina fusca in hamster eyes. AB - The lamina fusca of the hamster eye contains layers of flattened, slightly overlapping fibroblasts. Thin sections of the overlapping margins reveal punctate, tight-junction-like membrane appositions associated with accumulation of cytoplasmic filaments, 5-7 nm in diameter. Intermediate filaments are present in the surrounding cytoplasm. A diffuse dense substance occurs in adjacent intercellular space. Freeze-fracture replicas show that the membrane appositions are mainly single-stranded tight junctions, each composed of two fibrils (micelles), and each continuous or nearly continuous around the fibroblastic perimeter. Fracturing characteristics of these junctions offer a unique opportunity to gain further insight into tight junctional morphology. When exposed, the fibrils adhere to the P-face, measure 9.2 +/- 0.3 nm in diameter, and are accompanied by a narrow band of membrane differing in texture from non junctional membrane. Characteristically, the junctional fibrils themselves mark the deviation line along which fracture planes pass from one membrane of the junction to the other. This pattern exposes, over long distances, the P-face of one membrane on one side of this line and E-face of the adjacent membrane on the other. Analysis of any single junction over such distances reveals that the juxtaposition of the fibrils may gradually twist or undulate over a range of at least 180 degrees within the two involved membranes. The fracture plane appears preferentially to pass between the two junctional fibrils; association of the cytoskeleton with junctional fibrils may govern this route of fracture. Cytoskeletal attachment appears to be to a single fibril and may alternate from one fibroblast to the next depending on which cytoplasmic leaflet is nearest a given fibril. PMID- 6543158 TI - [Acute abdomen]. PMID- 6543159 TI - [Geographic dispersion of bilharzial endemy in 3 departments of Burkina Faso (ex Upper Volta)]. AB - An evaluation of the urinary schistosomiasis distribution in Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) was attempted in 86 villages of three departments: Center, North-Center, West-Center, considerated as thickly populated areas. Urine samples from 3,508, 5 to 14 year old children were collected, to detect haematuria with strip reagent and to determine the egg count excreted. Total prevalence was 31.4% and mean egg output was 1,518/10 ml of urine. Data obtained with these common methods may be useful in public health and sufficient for a pretreatment control. PMID- 6543160 TI - [6 years' evaluation of proliferative diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6543161 TI - Atrial and ventricular programmed electrical stimulation in patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6543162 TI - Upward direction, mental rotation, and discrimination of left and right turns in maps. PMID- 6543163 TI - Individual differences in mental imagery ability: a computational analysis. PMID- 6543164 TI - Parts of recognition. PMID- 6543165 TI - Visual routines. PMID- 6543166 TI - Intrahisian block in cardiomyopathy. AB - Two patients with cardiomyopathy and intrahisian atrioventricular [A-V] block are described. The first patient with underlying non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had split His bundle potentials only during atrial pacing and presented associated conduction abnormalities: enhanced A-V nodal conduction and sick sinus syndrome. The second patient had progressive muscular dystrophy and a complete intrahisian A-V block. Attention is called to the possible interrelationship between different conduction abnormalities and to their clinical implications. PMID- 6543167 TI - Characterization of rat corneal epithelium maintained in tissue culture. AB - Using Dispase-treated rat corneas, primary cultures of corneal epithelium have been established which are free of contaminating cell types. Cultures were maintained for periods up to 36 days and were monitored with morphological and electrophysiological methods. Phase and scanning electron microscopy revealed a mosaic of polygonal epithelial cells which migrated over the culture plate. Actively migrating cells at the periphery of the culture presented a complex border of ruffles and filopodia. Surface specializations of the epithelial cells, i.e. microvilli, reflected those seen in vivo. Transmission electron microscopy revealed many cytological features common to the intact cornea: bundles of tonofilaments, desmosomes between adjacent cells and glycocalyx-covered microvilli on all free surfaces. These features developed over time in culture. Membrane potentials of the cultured epithelial cells could be recorded intracellularly. Therefore, it appears that pure cultures of rat corneal epithelium which maintain the morphological characteristics of their in vivo counterparts can be grown for considerable periods of time and that their electrophysiological properties can be monitored. This system offers the possibility of studying, under the controlled conditions of tissue culture, a wide variety of factors which might influence the integrity of the corneal epithelium or alter its susceptibility to disease. PMID- 6543168 TI - Late DNA replication in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) chromosomes. AB - A study of the pattern of late DNA replication in rhesus monkey chromosomes showed evident similarities with man. This must be a consequence of the evolutionary conservation of replication patterns in primate chromosomes, as it has been demonstrated in the great apes, in Cebus, and man. However, the pattern of late replication of the allocyclic X chromosome in lymphocytes of female rhesus monkey was identical with the fibroblast pattern in man, and with the pattern found in only 5 to 20% of human lymphocytes. PMID- 6543169 TI - In vivo mutagenic effect of methyldopa. 1. Dominant lethal test in male mice. AB - The dominant lethal test was used to evaluate the mutagenic potential of methyldopa, an antihypertensive drug, in male mice. In the series treated, animals were exposed to 480 or 960 mg/kg of the drug as a suspension in 1% gum acacia via the oral route. A separate group of males served as control. Following treatment each male of the control, as as well as the treated series, was mated to two untreated virgin females each week for a period of 6 consecutive weeks. All mated females were sacrificed on the 10th day of separation and their ovaries and uterine contents were examined. Corpora lutea, implantations and resorptions were recorded. The drug treatment did not impair the mating capacity and fertility. Pre- and post-implantation losses were assessed. Higher incidences of post-implantation losses and abortion, and lower incidences of total implantations particularly at higher dose levels clearly reveal a dominant lethal effect of the drug. PMID- 6543170 TI - Heterochromatin and nucleolus-organizer-region behaviour at male pachytene of Sus scrofa domestica. AB - In the domestic pig (2n = 38) two types of constitutive heterochromatin can be differentiated by fluorescence counterstaining techniques. All 24 biarmed autosomes and the X chromosome have chromomycin A3-positive centromeric C-bands, whereas all 12 acrocentric chromosomes exhibit DA-DAPI-positive centromeric heterochromatin. Fluorescence analysis of male pachytene nuclei revealed that the DA-DAPI-positive C-bands form one or two large chromocentres per cell, while the chromomycin A3-bright C-material is well scattered. Hence, the bivalents formed by the acrocentric chromosome pairs are centromerically associated, whilst the submetacentric bivalents are not. Counce-Meyer spreading techniques were used to study the structure of synaptonemal complexes (SCs) both by light and electron microscopy. In general, the SCs of the domestic pig resemble those described for other mammals. The SC formed by the X and the Y may include up to 94.5% of the Y chromosome. In silver-stained microspreads each of the bivalents (nos. 8 and 10) bearing the nucleolus-organizer-regions (NORs) is connected to a pair of nucleoli, indicating that all four NORs are active during early meiotic stages. By contrast, in the majority of mitotic metaphases of phytohaemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes only one pair (no. 10) exhibited Ag-NOR staining. The significance of the chromosome disposition in the pachytene nucleus is discussed with regard to heterochromatin composition and karyotype evolution. PMID- 6543172 TI - [Determination of inorganic arsenic in sea food]. PMID- 6543171 TI - [Determination of residual trichloronitromethane in the air and in Chinese drugs]. PMID- 6543173 TI - [Effect on the primary humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of dipyridamole]. PMID- 6543174 TI - [Nonspecific oxidase activity in the liver of rats undergoing chemotherapy with cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum]. AB - A combined administration of cis-dichlorodiaminoplatinum (DDP) and phenobarbital increases the activity of nonspecific oxidases, decreases the toxic effect of DDP especially its nephrotoxic action, but does not decrease the antiblastic action of DDP in rats. On the basis of experimental data the optimum regime of DDP repeated administrations is suggested. PMID- 6543175 TI - Myometrial responses in situ to nicergoline, acebutolol, phentolamine and noradrenaline of the rat in proestrus. AB - The effects of two adrenoceptor antagonists, nicergoline (alpha 1) and acebutolol (beta 1), on the contraction of myometrium in the proestrous rat were compared to those of noradrenaline and phentolamine. The spontaneous myometrial contractions of Wistar rats on the day of proestrus were recorded isometrically and the data were analysed using Wilcoxon non-parametric statistics. All drugs were administered i.v. and the doses are expressed as microgram/kg body weight. Noradrenaline (1200 micrograms/kg per h) induced a 32.5% reduction (P less than 0.001) of the uterine contraction amplitude. Nicergoline did not alter uterine motility significantly when administered alone at doses ranging from 400 to 1600 micrograms/kg. However, successive injections of nicergoline in the same range given during noradrenaline infusion at 600 micrograms/kg per h potentiated the relaxing action of the latter (38%, P less than 0.01). Phentolamine (120 micrograms/kg) reduced myometrial activity by 25% (P less than 0.05). This inhibitory response rose to 65% (P less than 0.001) when the dose of phentolamine was increased to 960 micrograms/kg. When a single injection of nicergoline (400 micrograms/kg) was followed by the administration of increasing doses of acebutolol (120, 1200, 2400 micrograms/kg) the slight inhibitory effect on uterine motility observed after administration of each of the two agents separately became more pronounced (P less than 0.05). It appears from these results that combining noradrenaline with nicergoline and nicergoline with acebutolol leads to potentiation of their relaxing effects. Furthermore the results confirm that nicergoline is a partial alpha-blocker. PMID- 6543176 TI - Further evidence for the dependence of diabetes prevalence on nutrition in perinatal life. AB - In order to investigate the possible influence of pre- and/or early postnatal nutrition on the development of diabetes mellitus in later life, diabetes prevalences were ascertained in subjects of similar ages who were born in different periods with or without shortage of food supply. Between 1974 and 1982 the total prevalence of diabetes mellitus increased in Berlin/GDR by 26%. A significantly higher increase of diabetes prevalence (approximately 90%) was found between 1974 and 1982 for subjects at 26-33 years of age, whose years of birth changed from a "hypocaloric war and post-war period (1941-1948)" to a "relatively hypercaloric peace period (1949-1956)". By contrast, there was not found any significant increase of diabetes prevalence between 1974 and 1982 for subjects at 34-41 years of age, whose years of birth changed from a "relatively hypercaloric period (1933-1940)" to a "hypocaloric period (1941-1948)". These findings give further evidence for the dependence of diabetes prevalence in later life on nutrition in perinatal life. PMID- 6543177 TI - Evidence for decreasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in childhood apparently produced by prevention of hyperinsulinism in the foetus and newborn. AB - In view of experimental and clinical findings, it was predicted (Dorner, 1973 and 1976; Dorner and Mohnike, 1973 and 1977) that a preventive therapy of diabetes mellitus may be possible by preventing hyperinsulinism in perinatal life by means of prevention of hyperglycaemia in pregnant women and overnutrition in newborns. Meanwhile, this prediction appears to have been realized. Thus, the prevalences of diabetes mellitus in children, who were born in Berlin/GDR over the past decade, were found to be significantly decreased as compared to those born between 1962 and 1972. On the other hand, the children born in Berlin/GDR between 1962 and 1972 displayed a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus as compared to those born between 1957 and 1961. The decreasing prevalence of childhood-onset diabetes over the past decade has been apparently achieved by systematic prevention of hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance in pregnant women and overnutrition in newborns. These findings suggest that a preventive therapy of diabetes mellitus--even of insulin-dependent childhood onset diabetes--is possible by preventing hyperinsulinism in the foetus and newborn during differentiation and maturation of the neuroendocrine central nervous-pancreatic system. PMID- 6543178 TI - Impact of neonatal catecholamine treatment on adult response to vasopressin and norepinephrine. AB - The present experiments have shown that neonatal imprinting with certain catecholamines had a significant impact on adult vascular adrenergic response, and on adult response to vasopressin as well. This finding not only substantiates the existence of a hormonal imprinting mechanism, but also suggests a certain (receptor-level) interaction between the vasopressin and catecholamine receptors involved in vascular contraction. PMID- 6543179 TI - Interaction of hepatic chromatin with androgen-receptor complex. AB - When the chromatin prepared from male rat livers interacted with [3H] testosterone-receptor complex prepared from male rat livers, the binding was much higher than when interacted with free [3H] testosterone, indicating that the formation of testosterone-receptor complex is prerequisite for interaction with chromatin. When the [3H] testosterone-receptor complex was interacted with the chromatin and the bound chromatin proteins were extracted into three fractions based on their extractability or solubility in salt solutions, higher radioactivities were found in the 0.35 M NaCl-extract and 2.0 M NaCl residual fraction. Chromatin was fractionated into 0.35 M NaCl-soluble, 2.0 M NaCl-soluble and insoluble fractions, and interaction of free [3H] testosterone or [3H] testosterone-receptor complex with chromosomal fractions was studied. The binding of the chromosomal fractions with free [3H] testosterone was negligible compared with that of [3H] testosterone-receptor complex. The binding of 0.35 M NaCl soluble fraction with [3H] testosterone-receptor complex was higher than that of 2.0 M NaCl-soluble fraction. The binding ability of 2.0 M NaCl-insoluble fraction with [3H] testosterone-receptor complex was twice as much as that of the intact chromatin. This observation indicated that salt-soluble fractions of chromatin contributes only partly to the binding of chromatin with [3H] testosterone receptor complex and that other components in 2.0 M NaCl-insoluble fraction may participate in the binding. PMID- 6543180 TI - Inhibiting effects of hypervitaminosis A on development of fetal rat adrenal glands. AB - Administration of pregnant rats with excess amounts of vitamin A from the 8th to the 10th day of pregnancy induced destruction in fetal brain. On the last day of pregnancy, fetuses of treated mothers have smaller weight of adrenal glands as compared with intact fetuses. Maternal treatment with high amounts of vitamin A significantly reduced protein and nucleic acids levels and inhibited cell multiplication in fetal rat adrenal glands. Adrenal glands of fetuses from vitamin A treated mothers synthetized in vitro from 4-14C progesterone less amounts of radioactive 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 18-hydroxy-11 deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone than adrenal glands of intact fetuses on the last day of intrauterine development. These results showed that maternal hypervitaminosis A depressed morphological and functional development of fetal rat adrenal glands on the last day of pregnancy. PMID- 6543181 TI - Secretion of catecholamines, ascorbic acid, progesterone and corticosterone by in vitro superfusion from the adrenal of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones Unguiculatus): effects of confinement stress. AB - Epinephrine (E) and corticosterone (CS) levels in the superfusate of adrenals of Mongolian gerbils superfused at either 4 degrees or 36 degrees C rapidly declined within the first 5-20 min of superfusion. While the concentrations in superfusate of adrenals superfused at 4 degrees C remained very low until the end of superfusion, levels were significantly higher when adrenals were superfused at 36 degrees C. These results indicate that the amounts of E (except during the first 15-20 min of superfusion) and of CS released by adrenals superfused at 36 degrees C were due to an active, temperature- dependent release. Confinement stress (6 hr) significantly reduced E release at 20-75 min of superfusion but had no effect on the in-vitro secretion of norepinephrine (NE) or ascorbic acid (ASA). On the other hand, the in-vitro secretion of progesterone (P) and CS was significantly increased by confinement stress at 5-120 min of superfusion. Application of this stress factor had no significant effect on adrenal content of NE, E or ASA but increased adrenal P and CS concentrations. In addition to the widely used parameters such as plasma and adrenal tissue levels, the in-vitro approach, reflecting in part the in-vivo activity of the adrenal cortex, seems very suitable to monitor changes in steroid secretion after either in-vivo or in-vitro application of ACTH. Furthermore, the effects of application of different stress factors on in-vitro secretion and possible alterations in biosynthetic pathways can be studied over several hours in the absence of central nervous system and metabolic influences. PMID- 6543182 TI - Effect of a somatostatin analogue on trophic hormone levels in acromegalic patients with elevated hGH after adenomectomy and treatment with bromocriptine. AB - Five female acromegalic patients who had undergone surgical adenomectomy, but still had elevated hGH serum levels, were treated with bromocriptine, 5-15 mg daily, for at least 4 months without a satisfactory response. In an attempt to lower serum hGH levels, p-NH2-Phe4-D-Trp8-somatostatin was administered, 100 micrograms as an i.v. bolus, followed by infusion of 250 micrograms over a 4 hour period. The analogue decreased hGH levels by about 50% in 3 out of 5 patients, both during bromocriptine treatment and also in its absence. Of the remaining two patients, one showed a decrease in hGH levels in response to the analogue only during bromocriptine treatment and the other only without it. Saline infusion after bromocriptine administration did not induce a decrease in hGH levels in three of these patients. Somatostatin analogue caused a fall in serum insulin levels in all but one patient, who had diabetes mellitus and in whom serum insulin was undetectable. Both hGH and insulin levels showed a significant rebound after infusion of the analogue, but returned to basal levels within 24 hours. Prolactin did not change during the analogue infusion in 4 patients with normal PRL levels. However, in one patient in whom prolactin and hGH levels were elevated during bromocriptine treatment, the infusion of somatostatin analogue decreased both hormones. The analogue induced no changes in serum TSH, FSH and LH levels of any of the patients. PMID- 6543183 TI - Effect of long-term treatment of norethisterone on the ovary of the cycling albino rat. AB - The effects of long-term administration of norethisterone, a progestogen-only contraceptive, at a dose of 0.5 mg/rat daily for 75 days, were evaluated in the ovary of cycling rats using histomorphic and karyokinetic (by colchicine technique) techniques. Norethisterone induced follicular atresia, decreased the number of normal follicular population and altered the appearance of the interstitial gland. Atresia was markedly noticed particularly in the follicles less than 200 micron in diameter. In addition, fresh or old corpora lutea were not found in the ovary. Simultaneously the progestin also stimulated the mitotic activity in the granulosa and theca of the normal follicles, especially of 201 300 micron in diameter. The findings suggest that norethisterone causes antifertility mainly by preventing follicular development and inducing atresia, thereby inhibiting perhaps ovulation. PMID- 6543184 TI - Structural changes in reproductive organs of male rats after estradiol benzoate treatment. AB - The effects of estradiol benzoate (E2B) at a dose of 50 micrograms/rat/day for 7, 15 and 24 days on histoarchitecture, histocytometry and relative weights of reproductive organs in mature albino rats were investigated. The results revealed that the organ weights, histology of the testis, epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of treated rats were considerably affected as a consequence of the treatment. The height of germinal/secretory epithelium and tubular diameter of these organs also declined, whereas the peritubular muscle layer thickness of epididymis and accessory gland was increased. In vas deferens, in contrast, the muscle layer was reduced. The induced effects of estrogen were related to the duration of the treatment and support our earlier data that estrogens have a direct effect on the testis. PMID- 6543185 TI - Indomethacin suppression of the estradiol-induced proliferative response of the seminal vesicles. AB - Effects of indomethacin (1.25 mg/kg of body weight and 1.25 mg/rat) on estradiol induced (250 micrograms/rat and 25 micrograms/rat) mitotic activity of the seminal vesicles and the ventral prostate in rats were examined. The obtained results show clearly that indomethacin restrains the seminal vesicles proliferative reaction induced by estradiol, whereas the ventral prostate is not sensitive to estradiol, and indomethacin does not affect its mitotic activity. These results suggest that prostaglandins are involved in the mitogenic effect of estradiol on the seminal vesicles. PMID- 6543186 TI - Dissociation of prolactin and LH release responses after stimulation within the preoptic-suprachiasmatic region in male rats. AB - The relative efficiency of unilateral electrical stimuli applied within the preoptic-suprachiasmatic region (POA-Sch) to induce the release of prolactin and/or LH was studied in male rats under pentobarbital anesthesia. It was observed that unilateral stimulation with 10 Hz, 1.0 msec width pulses applied in the ventral half of the POA-Sch resulted primarily in the release of prolactin rather than LH. Fifty Hz stimuli applied at this same locus resulted also in LH release. It is concluded that the probability to dissociate the induced release of prolactin and LH from the anterior pituitary in male rats after stimulation from a given locus within the ventral POA-Sch is significantly affected by the characteristics of the applied stimulus. PMID- 6543187 TI - Natriuretic properties of [2-p-ethylphenylalanine] deamino-6-carba-oxytocin (Nacartocin) in cats. AB - Nacartocin, a synthetic analogue of oxytocin, [2-L-p-phenylalanine]deamino-6 carba-oxytocin has a specific natriuretic effect in cats. The doses of 0.05-10 micrograms/kg b.w. (0.05-10 nmols/kg) of Nacartocin applied i.v. caused a several fold increase in the excretion of sodium, while the excretion of kalium was only slightly enhanced. PMID- 6543188 TI - Inhibitory action of the pineal gland on the nuclear volume of thyroid follicular cells in male gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). AB - Karyometric investigations of thyroid follicular cells were performed in four groups of adult male gerbils [I. sham-operated (Sham PX) + short photoperiod (SPP)-exposed; II. Sham PX + long photoperiod (LPP)-exposed; III. pinealectomized (PX) + SPP-exposed; IV. PX + LPP-exposed]. The mean nuclear volume (MNV) of thyroid follicular cells was significantly higher in both PX groups (III and IV) when compared to Sham PX controls (I and II). In Sham PX gerbils the maintenance of animals in SPP (10 h light: 14 h darkness) for 13 weeks resulted in significant decrease of MNV of thyroid follicular cells in comparison to that in Sham PX animals kept in LPP (14 h light: 10 h darkness). Lighting conditions did not significantly affect the MNV of thyroid follicular cells in PX gerbils. These data suggest that the pineal gland itself and not light deprivation is the most important factor depressing the activity of the thyroid in male gerbils. Lighting conditions seem to affect the function of thyroid follicular cells inasmuch as they activate or block the action of the pineal gland. PMID- 6543189 TI - Effect of a single dose of T3 on the incorporation of (Methyl-14C) methionine into phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine in chick liver. AB - The preliminary effect of a single dose of T3 (Triidothyronine) on the incorporation of (Methyl-14C) Methionine into liver phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine and methylated precursors was studied in chick liver from 0.25 to 6 hours. Chicks received a T3 dose intraperitoneally 5 h prior labeled compound administration. It can be deduced that the hormone effect is similar in phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. In our conditions, the preliminary hormone effect is maximum 5 1/2 h after T3 injection. The levels of methylated precursors have been studied by radioactivity and lipid P determinations; these levels are constant throughout the time course experiment. We conclude that the increase in methyl group incorporation is due to a hormone dependent increase in phospholipid turnover. PMID- 6543190 TI - Effect of sex, ovariectomy and female sex hormones on neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase in rat liver. AB - The effects of sex, ovariectomy and female sex hormones on neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase activity were investigated in rat liver cytoplasm. Hydrolase activity was determined at pH 7.45 with an acetone dispersed cholesterol oleate substrate preparation. Neutral cholesterol esterase activity was higher in male than in female rats and the ovariectomy decreased the enzyme activity. The administration of only estradiol or combined with progesterone to ovariectomized rats for three consecutive days resulted in an increase in esterase activity to the level observed in intact animals. By contrast, the only progesterone resulted in no significant changes of activity. In intact female rats, the short-term treatments of gonadal hormones did not produce any alteration on cholesterol esterase. Examination of the effects of a single dose of estradiol and progesterone for intervals between 1 and 24 h showed that both hormones promoted early and opposite effects on neutral ester hydrolase. Activity was decreased in 3-4 h by the estradiol and was markedly increased throughout 3-4-6 h by the progesterone injection. In vitro, the two female sex hormones behaved as potent inhibitors of the enzyme, competing with the substrate for the active centre of the hydrolase. PMID- 6543191 TI - Effects of the aromatase inhibiting delta 1,4-bisnorcholadienic acid on the steroid biosynthesis in the human ovary in vitro. AB - Compounds capable of limiting oestrogen production may be useful for controlling fertility and growth of oestrogen-dependent tumors. To examine the direct effects of the aromatase inhibiting delta 1,4-bisnorcholadienic acid on the ovarian biosynthesis of steroids, tissue slices obtained from two cyclically functional human ovaries were incubated with [4-14C]pregnenolone as precursor. The steroid production was determined by measuring the concentration of eleven 14C-labelled steroids in the medium at the end of a 3-h incubation. In the ovary from the follicular phase the addition of delta 1,4-bisnorcholadienic acid to the incubation medium inhibited the biosynthesis of androstenedione, whereas the biosynthesis of 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenediol slightly increased. In the luteal ovary the in vitro-synthesis of progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, oestrone and oestradiol-17 beta was inhibited by delta 1,4-bisnorcholadienic acid. The principal manifestation of the effects of delta 1,4-bisnorcholadienic acid on the biosynthesis of steroids is an apparent inhibition of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta 5-4 isomerase (3 beta-HSD) activity. The reduced production of oestrogens can be caused by an inhibition of the aromatase and/or the inhibition of the 3 beta-HSD activity. It is noteworthy, that the effects of the delta 1,4-bisnorcholadienic acid on the steroidogenesis in the human ovary are similar to those effects previously published for progestagens and the "pure antiandrogen" cyproterone. The results indicate, that the delta 1,4-bisnorcholadienic acid act directly on the steroid biosynthesis in the human ovary in vitro. PMID- 6543192 TI - Estradiol, progesterone and testosterone receptors for pig endometrium and myometrium at various stages of the estrous cycle. AB - The concentration of unoccupied, occupied and total receptors for estradiol (E2R), unoccupied receptors for testosterone (TR) and progesterone (PsR) in the endometrium (E) and myometrium (M) of cycling gilts or sows after the second or the third farrow were measured. On day O (estrus) the concentration of E2R, TR and PsR reached the maximum for total uterus (M + E). On day 0, there were no differences between concentration of PsR, TR and occupied, unoccupied and total E2R for E and M. In other stages of estrous cycle, the concentration of receptors in E and M were considerably different both in cycling gilts or sows after second or third farrow. On day 13 (luteal phase), high levels of E2R were found but only for E, while there were the lowest level of occupied, unoccupied and total E2R for M. In sows, after the second or third farrow the concentration of E2R in E as well as in M at all stages of the estrous cycle was about three times higher than in cycling young gilts. The concentration of TR in E as well as in M was lowest on day 13, increased on day 17 and reached the highest level at estrous. The concentration of PsR in M was the lowest at luteal phase (day 13), increased on day 17 and reached the highest level at estrus. Significant negative correlation between the concentration of PsR and progesterone in the blood plasma was calculated for M, but not for E. PMID- 6543194 TI - The hypothalamic and neurohypophysial oxytocic activities in stressed rats: independence from beta-adrenergic blockade. AB - A distinct decrease of oxytocin was found in the hypothalamus of immobilized rats but not of those exposed to cold. Similarly, the content of oxytocin was lower in the neurohypophysis of rats immobilized for 24 hr but, on the contrary, increased in animals exposed to cold for 24 hr. Propranolol did not modify the mentioned changes brought about by immobilization or exposure to cold. PMID- 6543193 TI - Effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on serum parathyroid hormone and calcium in normal subjects. AB - Infusions with stepwise increasing concentrations of epinephrine (from 2.5 to 10 micrograms/min) and norepinephrine (0.5-2.0 micrograms/min) were given to normal subjects. During infusion of epinephrine there was a clear rise of the serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels already at the lowest concentration. Concomitantly there was a fall in the serum concentrations of calcium. The PTH levels returned to baseline promptly after termination of infusion whereas hypocalcaemia persisted up to 30 minutes, indicating a primary response of PTH to epinephrine. When propranolol was given prior to and during the epinephrine infusion no significant changes occurred for either PTH or calcium. During infusion of norepinephrine no consistent significant changes were noted for either PTH or serum calcium. Thus, our data do not support any concept of a basal adrenergic tone which normally modulates the secretion of PTH. However, during conditions of stress the beta-adrenergic stimulation night be of importance. PMID- 6543195 TI - Teratomorphogenic effects on the brain produced by neonatal maternal deprivation can be partly prevented by pyridostigmine administration. AB - Maternal deprivation from the 3rd to 14th day of life, i.e., separation of the pups from their mother animals for 16 hours each day, gave rise to persistent significant changes of microstructures in the hippocampal stratum radiatum of the CA1-region, which were associated with significantly decreased emotionality, learning capability and memory capacity in adulthood. Such teratomorphogenic effects on the brain produced by psychosocial and/or nutritional deprivation during brain development could be partly prevented--as well as the teratophysiogenic and teratopsychogenic effects--by simultaneous administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor pyridostigmine. PMID- 6543196 TI - The lack of relationship between progesterone level in utero-ovarian vein and the number of corpora lutea in the pigs. AB - Progesterone (P4) level in blood taken from both left and right utero-ovarian vein of cyclic sows was determined and number of corpora lutea in adjacent ovaries was recorded. No relationship between these two parameters has been shown. PMID- 6543197 TI - Serum prolactin levels before and after galactography in patients with pathological nipple discharge. AB - Serum prolactin levels were determined in 25 women who underwent galactography on account of pathological nipple discharge. The test samples were obtained immediately before galactography as well as 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes after. There was no significant change in serum prolactin levels following galactography. In 2 cases out of 25, the basal level of prolactin was well above normal while in 1 case it was below normal. Those three were cases of galactorrhea. The clinical aspect of pathological nipple discharge did not correlate with serum prolactin levels, and galactorrhea would appear to be compatible with serum prolactin levels below normal. PMID- 6543198 TI - Primary aldosteronism: complete remission after adrenal venography. AB - A remission of adrenal adenoma producing aldosterone is described as a consequence of adrenal venous catheterization. The patient did not undergo surgery but she was kept on frequent clinical controls. The complete remission of the syndrome is still persisting three years after the incident. Since adrenal insufficiency is described after adrenal venous catheterization, the authors suggest that this procedure is to be restricted to well selected patients. When this incident occurs in pathological glands, a remission of endocrine syndrome may be expected. PMID- 6543199 TI - Topography and ultrastructure of the uterine lymphatics in the rat. AB - An integrated light and electron microscopic study of the rat uterine lymphatic microcirculation reveals that the functional layer of the endometrium lacks an intrinsic lymphatic system. Only some scanty lymphatic capillaries may be observed in the basal endometrium near the endo-myometrial junction; these are in fact initial lymphatic capillaries belonging to the well-developed plexus of myometrial lymphatic capillaries which rarely permeate the entire myometrial internal muscle layer, ending blindly in the basal endometrium. The ultrastructure of these initial 'endometrial' lymphatic capillaries is detailed. The myometrium, in contrast, has a rich supply of lymphatic capillaries as well as lymphatic vessels, the latter provided with many valves. Both the topography and the fine structure of myometrial lymphatic capillaries and lymph collecting vessels-including their valves-are described and discussed. PMID- 6543200 TI - Female incontinence: how much work-up is necessary? AB - Female incontinence at an age where it cannot be classified as a geriatric situation is a major problem for gynecologists and urologists. For several years both disciplines in Louvain have been working together in order to assess more precisely the indications for the different therapeutic possibilities and to evaluate results and failures of these therapies. This paper presents reflections on this experience together with comments on recent literature. PMID- 6543201 TI - Possible use of monoclonal antibodies to standardize the production and use of human urokinase. AB - Urokinase, a plasminogen activator found in urine is used in the treatment of pulmonary embolism, and is supplied commercially by several companies in Europe, U.S.A. and Japan. It exists in two forms, of molecular weights 50-55 000 and 33 000 daltons, which may differ in their therapeutic efficiency. A variety of assay systems exist to measure plasminogen activator activity--clot lysis, casein hydrolysis, amidolytic cleavage of synthetic peptide substrates. These assays are time-consuming, relatively insensitive, and cannot accurately assess the amount of the two molecular species in any preparation of urokinase. Standardization therefore presents a problem to manufacturers, control agencies, and clinicians. We have prepared a variety of monoclonal antibodies to human urokinase and have assessed their value as standardizing different commercial preparations of urokinase and measurement of urokinase for therapeutic monitoring. PMID- 6543202 TI - [Gastric metastasis of a malignant melanoma of the choroid]. AB - Gastric metastases of choroid malignant melanoma seem to be exceptional since less than 10 cases have been previously published. We report the case of a 71 year old patient with a gastric melanosarcoma secondary to a choroid malignant melanoma. Gastric metastasis was revealed by digestive bleeding occurring 18 years after right eye enucleation. Gastroscopy showed black ulcerated tumors. Histology confirmed the diagnosis portraying typical melanic pigments within the gastric mucosa. Laser photocoagulation of the gastric lesion was used for the first time in this indication. As a result, hemorrhage decreased and the patient's comfort was improved. PMID- 6543203 TI - [Chorionepithelioma of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6543205 TI - Distribution of intermediate filaments and actin microfilaments in parotid autoimmune sialoadenitis of Sjogren syndrome. AB - In order to study the importance of myoepithelial cells in the formation of parotid epi-myoepithelial islands of the autoimmune sialoadenitis in Sjogren's syndrome, the distribution of cytoskeletal elements has been investigated by electron and immunofluorescence microscopy. Antibodies to intermediate filament proteins--prekeratins, desmin and vimentin--were used as well as a 'DNase I/anti DNase I' immunohistochemical procedure to detect actin microfilaments for characterization of myoepithelial cells compared to the other types of parotid epithelial cells. Two types of prekeratin antibodies were raised. One of these reacted preferentially with myoepithelial cells. The same type of antiserum also showed a bright fluorescence in cells located peripherally in the epi myoepithelial islands. These island cells, however, exhibited only a very low actin microfilament content and were thus not ordinary myoepithelial cells. The other type of prekeratin antibodies reacted with all types of parotid epithelia, except acinar secretory epithelium. They also stained all island epithelial cells, but the reactivity was less in cell regions with pronounced lymphocyte infiltration. The heterogeneity between the island epithelial cells, immunohistochemically as well as ultrastructurally, indicates different stages of island formation. Interepithelial lymphocytes showed less vimentin and actin filament content in comparison with lymphoid cells outside the islands. Conclusively, typical epi-myoepithelial islands are composed of metaplastic epithelial cells of intercalated duct origin and invaded lymphoid cells, and ordinary myoepithelial cells are lacking. PMID- 6543204 TI - Effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent growth hormone replacement in the rat on the ability of serum to stimulate proliferation of human and mouse (BALB/c 3T3) fibroblasts. AB - The ability of cultured human fibroblasts to synthesize and secrete a mitogenic, somatomedin C-like peptide suggests that human fibroblasts unlike certain other cell lines may not require exogenous somatomedin for cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of hypophysectomy and subsequent growth hormone (GH) replacement on the ability of rat serum to stimulate proliferation and DNA synthesis in cultured human fetal skin fibroblasts. For comparison we have also examined the effects of serum from hypophysectomized (hypox) and GH replaced hypox rats on mouse BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts, a cell line which has been shown to require exogenous somatomedin (SM) for DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. Human fibroblast proliferation and DNA synthesis (measured as thymidine incorporation) were significantly enhanced (P less than 0.025) when these cells were cultured in low concentrations of hypox rat serum compared to normal rat serum. When thymidine incorporation into DNA was expressed in terms of a normal rat serum pool (arbitrarily assigned a potency of 1 unit/ml), serum from hypox rats was significantly more potent than serum from normal rats (1.52 +/- 0.16 (SEM) vs. 0.99 +/- 0.10 units/ml, P less than 0.0125). Replacement treatment of hypox rats with human GH, 0.2 IU/100 g body weight/day or 0.4 IU/100 g body weight/day decreased the potency of the rat serum in terms of stimulation of thymidine incorporation from 1.52 +/- 0.16 to 1.30 +/- 0.14 and 1.08 +/- 0.06 units/ml respectively. In contrast serum from untreated hypox rats was significantly less potent than normal rat serum in stimulating BALB/c 3T3 DNA synthesis (0.36 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.04 +/- 0.16 units/ml, P less than 0.0025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543206 TI - Diurnal variations in urinary mercury excretion. AB - A consistent diurnal variation of urinary mercury concentration (expressed as nmol of mercury/mmol of creatinine) has been demonstrated in 36 occupationally exposed workers, the concentration being highest in the morning and lowest in the late evening. This variation is partly intrinsic and partly an artifact because creatinine excretion also varies diurnally, but in the opposite direction. The implications of these findings in relation to the biological monitoring of mercury workers is discussed. PMID- 6543207 TI - Susceptibility of different strains of mice to various levels of infection with the eggs of Taenia taeniaeformis. PMID- 6543208 TI - Experimental models of chronic alcoholism, solid diet versus liquid diet. AB - The liquid diet and solid diet experimental models of chronic alcoholism were compared. The intake of food and the growth of rats were recorded for 24 days. All the alcoholic animals receiving either liquid or solid diet consumed adequate amounts of protein, fat, carbohydrate, salts and vitamins, and showed normal development. However the alcoholic animals given solid diet consumed more calories (total), more calories as alcohol and showed early adaptation to the diet in comparison to alcoholic animals that received the liquid diet. PMID- 6543209 TI - [Cryptococcosis and torulopsidosis of the skin and lung and epidermodysplasia verruciformis in AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)]. AB - In a 47-year-old male patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, pulmonary cryptococcosis and torulopsidosis of at least 7 years' duration were detected, after mycotic ulcerous cutaneous lesions had appeared. The immunological findings are in accordance with those of AIDS. PMID- 6543210 TI - A morphological study of granulated metrial gland cells and trophoblast cells in the labyrinthine placenta of the mouse. AB - A study has been made, using light and electron microscopy, of GMG cells in the labyrinthine placenta of the mouse. GMG cells were found lying within the lumina of the maternal blood spaces showed degenerative changes and GMG cells were usually found close to these degenerate trophoblast cells. Sometimes the GMG cells also showed degenerative changes. The observations suggest that an interaction may take place between GMG cells and layer 1 trophoblast cells and support the idea that the labyrinthine placenta is a site of functional significance to GMG cells. PMID- 6543211 TI - The influence of the stage of the estrous cycle and novel cows upon mounting activity of dairy cattle. AB - The objectives of this study were to determine directly if mounting activity in dairy cattle varied as a function of stage of the estrous cycle and to determine if mounting by cows could be stimulated when novel estrous cows were introduced. Detector cows were normally cycling. Estrous cows were ovariectomized and injected with estradiol cyprionate and progesterone to induce standing estrous behavior. Familiar estrous cows (prior exposure to detector cows) and novel estrous cows (no prior exposure to detector cows) encountered each detector cow (n = 19) in a one-on-one manner for a 10-min period. Mounting activity by detector cows was determined by observation on d 5, 10, 15, day of estrus and d 5 of the subsequent cycle (52). The first d 5 was considered an acclimation day and was deleted from the data because all estrous cows (n = 4) used were novel. These novel estrous cows then became familiar estrous cows on the subsequent days (10, 15, estrus, 52). On these days, familiar (n = 4) and novel (n = 2) estrous cows encountered individually each detector cow in a prearranged sequence. Stage of the estrous cycle influenced (P less than .001) the frequency of mounting by detector cows. Mounting activity of detector cows was inversely related (r = .64, P less than .001) to concentrations of plasma progesterone. The introduction of novel estrous cows tended to stimulate (P = .07) mounting when all days were considered. In addition, the introduction of novel estrous cows stimulated (P less than .001) mounting on d 15 and 52. A second experiment was conducted to determine if the introduction of novel estrous cows stimulated mounting in the detector cows on the day of estrus if a longer encounter time (30 min) was used. A total of eight detector cows and eight estrous cows (four familiar and four novel) were used. When the detector cow was in standing estrus, she encountered one-on-one each of two familiar estrous cows and each of two novel estrous cows in a prearranged sequence for 30-min. The introduction of novel estrous cows stimulated (P = .001) mounting by the detector cows on the day of estrus (6.50 +/ .48 vs. 4.37 +/- .48 mounts for N and F cows, respectively). We conclude that mounting activity is reduced during midcycle and that the introduction of novel cows stimulated mounting activity on d 15, day of estrus and on d 5 of the estrous cycle. PMID- 6543212 TI - Myofiber differentiation in skeletal muscles of newborn runt and normal weight pigs. AB - Differentiation of myofiber types and proportions of secondary and primary myofibers were investigated in the deep semitendinosus and longissimus muscles of 12-h- and 3-d-old littermate runt and normal birth weight pigs. Runt pigs 12 h after birth had lower proportions of type I fibers in the deep semitendinosus than did normal size pigs, which indicates that in utero stunting delayed the normal differentiation of myofiber histochemical characteristics. More of the type I myofibers had centrally located nuclei in runt pigs than in normal birth weight pigs. Also, newborn runt pigs had lower ratios of secondary to primary myofibers in the deep semitendinosus. This result indicates that the restriction of prenatal myofiber hyperplasia probably had a greater effect on secondary than on primary myofiber formation. None of these differences were observed in the longissimus muscle. PMID- 6543213 TI - In vitro development of porcine embryos in coculture with endometrial cell monolayers or culture supernatants. AB - The objective of this study was to determine if porcine endometrial cell contact would enhance the in vitro development of porcine embryos relative to endometrial cell culture supernatants or ovarian fibroblast contact. One hundred forty-nine embryos of various developmental stages were collected from 10 excised gilt reproductive tracts. Embryos were washed three times and placed randomly into one of four treatments: Minimal Essential Medium + 5% heat-treated fetal calf serum (complete MEM), porcine endometrial cell coculture (pEM), porcine endometrial cell supernatant (pEMS) and porcine ovarian fibroblast coculture (pOF). All cultures were conducted in 96 well microtiter plates, one embryo per well, at 37 C in a 5% CO2 in humidified air atmosphere. Observations for stage of development were made every 12 h by phase contrast microscopy (100X). Embryos in the pEM and pOF treatments had significantly greater (P less than .05) mean embryonic development scores (1.59 +/- .22 and 1.44 +/- .18, respectively) than embryos cultured in complete MEM only or pEMS (.63 +/- .13 and .48 +/- .15, respectively). The results of this study indicate that cell to embryo contact enhances in vitro development of porcine embryos. PMID- 6543214 TI - An 18K protein from ascites hepatoma cell depolymerizes actin filaments rapidly. AB - Several actin binding proteins were isolated from ascites hepatoma cells AH7974 by DNase I affinity chromatography. Among them, a protein having a molecular weight of 18,000 was further purified by DEAE cellulose and hydroxyapatite column chromatographies and gel filtration on a Sephadex G-75 column. The 18K protein not only inhibits actin polymerization but also depolymerizes actin filaments. This conclusion was supported by viscosity and fluorescence intensity measurements and the DNase I inhibition assay. A chemical cross-linking experiment suggested that the 18K protein binds to monomeric actin and forms and 18K-actin 1:1 complex. The net depolymerization rate by the 18K protein measured by the DNase I inhibition assay was slower than the rapid reduction of the fluorescence intensity of pyrene-labeled F-actin upon addition of the 18K protein. This result suggests that the 18K protein not only binds to monomeric actin but also binds to actin filaments directly. The sedimentation assay showed that a part of the 18K protein was cosedimented with actin filaments. Electron microscopic observations demonstrated that the 18K protein decreased the amount of actin filaments and the remaining filaments appeared to be decorated and distorted by the 18K protein. The 18K protein had no Ca2+ ion sensitivity and exhibited the same effect on both this tumor actin and muscle actin. PMID- 6543215 TI - Qualitative and quantitative determinations of hallucinogenic components of psilocybe mushrooms by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6543216 TI - Quantitative analysis of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6543217 TI - Comparison of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and gas chromatography-mass fragmentography for the assay of salsolinol, dopamine and dopamine metabolites in food and beverage samples. AB - High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) and combined gas chromatography--mass spectrometry in the single-ion monitoring mode (GC--MS-SIM) have been used for the determination of salsolinol, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol and norepinephrine in a selection of food and beverage samples. The unique specificity of the SIM mode allows a simple one-step extraction to be used even for complex sample matrices. We have been able to demonstrate the quantitative and qualitative advantages offered by GC--MS over HPLC--ED by direct comparison of the chromatographic data obtained. We demonstrate that the specificity of SIM and the benefits offered by the incorporation of deuterated internal standards make GC--MS-SIM the method of choice for valid identification and precise quantitation of salsolinol, dopamine and dopamine metabolites in a complex sample matrix. PMID- 6543218 TI - [Effect of pregnancy and delivery on the function of the cervico-urethral closure. I. Prospective study of 27 women]. AB - Urinary incontinence is a complication of pregnancy. Having carried out urodynamic studies in pregnancy and immediately after delivery in 27 primigravid women, the authors have been able to clarify the alterations that take place in narrowing and closing the neck of the bladder and urethra, and especially in the tone of the urethra and of the functional character of the organ, in connection with hormonal changes that occur in pregnancy. They also demonstrate an increasing instability of the bladder which is due to compression by the pregnant uterus and which makes the function of bladder neck closure more difficult. On the other hand no significant short-term effect of obstetrical trauma could be found. PMID- 6543219 TI - [Effect of pregnancy and delivery on the function of the cervico-urethral closure. II. Retrospective study on late consequences of obstetrical trauma]. AB - Adding together the obstetric histories and the urodynamic investigations carried out on 178 incontinent women has made it possible for the authors to work out the role that obstetric trauma can play in urinary symptoms. They are able to demonstrate the effects of repeated normal deliveries and also the results of traumata over and above those that occur physiologically and are sometimes undergone by the perineum. PMID- 6543220 TI - Blunt pelvic trauma with urethral injury in the female: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of blunt pelvic trauma with injury to the urethra in a female is reported. Although uncommon, this type of injury is by no means as rare as previously thought. If the morbidity associated with delayed diagnosis is to be avoided, urethral injury should be a consideration in any case of major pelvic trauma in females. PMID- 6543221 TI - Contractile responses of vasa deferentia from rats with genetic and experimental hypertension. AB - The changes in hypertension of the characteristics of the contractile responses of the prostatic portion of the vasa deferentia to norepinephrine (NE), K+, Ca2+ and transmural field stimulation were investigated. Responses of strips from Wistar-Kyoto strain normotensive rats (WKY) were compared to those of strips from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Also strips from regular normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) which failed to develop hypertension after deoxycorticosterone (DOC)-salt treatment (DNR) were compared to those from NWR with DOC-salt induced hypertension (DHR). Cumulative dose-response curves to NE or KC1 were similar for strips from controls and hypertensive animals in both forms of hypertension. The relaxation of strips from NE contraction after drug washout followed a single exponential component and was slower for those from SHR than for the control but the relaxation rate of strips from DHR was not significantly different from that of the control strips. Relaxation of vasa deferentia from high K+-contraction displayed two exponential components. Significantly slower relaxation was found only in the second component in SHR compared to that in WKY. The relaxation rate was not different in either component of the relaxation response after washout of KC1 in vasa deferentia from DHR and DNR. The maximum contractile responses to NE, were unchanged in hypertension but differed between groups used to study genetic and experimental hypertension. The maximum contractile responses to NE were significantly higher in both DNR and DHR than in strips from either WKY or SHR. The contractile response of vasa deferentia to Ca2+ in potassium depolarized muscle was increased significantly at higher Ca2+ concentration in DHR compared to DNR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543223 TI - Gastro-enteritis due to Cryptosporidium: a prospective survey in a children's hospital. AB - During a 10 months' survey of children with gastro-enteritis, 27 cases of cryptosporidiosis (1.4% of those tested) were found. Only one patient was infected with another potential enteropathogen. In most cases the faeces were described as green, watery and offensive. Clinical features also included anorexia, vomiting and abdominal pain. The diarrhoea was moderate to severe in 15 cases and resulted in dehydration in 9 patients of whom two were more than 5% dehydrated. The diarrhoea was prolonged and persisted on average for 13 days. Excretion of oocysts did not stop with cessation of diarrhoea but continued for a further 11 days. Human beings appeared to be as important a source for Cryptosporidium as animals and it seemed possible that patients were infective throughout the period that they were excreting oocysts. PMID- 6543222 TI - Failure of psychosocial stress to induce chronic hypertension in the rat. AB - The effect of psychosocial stress produced by aggregation in a special cage designed by Henry was investigated in three separate experiments using Wistar Kyoto (WKY), Sprague-Dawley (SD) and F1 hybrids of the Japanese spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto (SHR-WKY F1) rats. Each aggregated group displayed typical 'stressed' behavioural disturbances. Adrenal hypertrophy, elevation of plasma renin activity and gastric erosions were noted in male aggregated SD rats; while adrenal enlargement, elevation of plasma noradrenaline and gastric erosions were found in male aggregated SHR-WKY F1 rats. Sustained hypertension, however, did not develop in any strain nor in any subgroup within each strain. Gastric erosions were also noted in isolated SD and SHR-SKY F1 rats suggesting that long term isolation of rats also induces stress. Isolated rats also remained normotensive throughout. Reduced haematocrit was found in both aggregated and isolated male SHR-WKY F1 rats suggesting increased plasma volume. We conclude that neither stress due to psychosocial disturbances nor that due to isolation produces chronic hypertension in the three strains of rat studied. PMID- 6543224 TI - Anti-worm antibody specificities in 129/J mice resistant to infection with Schistosoma japonicum. PMID- 6543226 TI - 9 alpha- and 9 beta-Hydroxyphenylmorphans. AB - Platinum-oxide hydrogenation of 5-m-methoxyphenyl-2-methyl-9-oxomorphan (I) gave the 9 alpha-hydroxy racemate (II) whose phenolic analogue (III) is a strong antinociceptive agent, fully supportive of morphine dependence in rhesus monkeys. The di-O-acetyl derivative (VI) of III was similar to III in its profile of activity. The diastereoisomer of III (VII), obtained by hydrogenation of the methobromide of I (IV), extrusion of methyl bromide, and O-demethylation of the resultant free base (VIII), was almost inactive antinociceptively and did not suppress withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent monkeys. The orientation of the C-9 hydroxyl groups was deduced from spectral data and by analogy. PMID- 6543225 TI - Agonist-antagonist actions and stereoselectivity of optical pairs of some N substituted alpha-N-normetazocines. AB - alpha-(-)-, (+)-, and (+/-)-N-4-Methylpentyl-, (-)- and (+)-N-cis-3-chloroallyl-, and (-)- and (+)-N-propynyl-N-normetazocine (I, II, and III, respectively) have been prepared from alpha-(-)-, (+)-, and (+/-)-N-normetazocine (IV) and tested for antinociceptive activity in mice and in morphine-dependent rhesus monkeys. The results obtained with Ia and b somewhat resemble the results obtained with the corresponding phenazocine isomers, whereas those observed with IIa and b more nearly correspond with those reported for (+)- and (-)-N-allyl-N-normetazocine (SKF 10,047; NANM). The propynyl isomers (IIIa and b) display profiles of activity more closely like the corresponding isomers of metazocine. Evidence is considered which suggests that some of the (+)-isomers merit closer scrutiny in animal and human studies. PMID- 6543227 TI - The possible role of natriuretic hormone in idiopathic oedema and mitral valve prolapse--a hypothesis. PMID- 6543228 TI - Inhibition of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity by exogenous adenosine 5' triphosphate. AB - Peripheral blood monocyte derived macrophages from normal donors can be activated with lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) to kill human tumor cells. However, if adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is added to the macrophage-tumor cell suspensions in micromolar concentrations (10-100 microM), there is marked inhibition of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. The inhibitory activity was specific to ATP; as it was not demonstrated with GTP, UTP, CTP, AMP or ADP. In addition, this inhibitory activity resulted from an effect of ATP on the effector cells rather than the target cells. When the effector cells were preincubated with ATP they became incapable of killing the tumor cells whereas preincubation of the target cells with ATP had no effect on their ability to be killed by the macrophages. Cytotoxicity was also inhibited when 100 microM of ATP were added to the macrophage monolayers either at the time of addition of the tumor cells or 15-60 min after addition of the tumor cells whereas no inhibition of cytotoxicity occurred when ATP was added more than 1 hr after the initiation of the cytotoxic reaction. PMID- 6543230 TI - [Mechanism and classification of hormone therapy for human breast cancer studied by changes of SHBG binding capacity]. AB - We determined SHBG titer before and during hormone therapy for breast cancer. The increased SHBG titer was 78 +/- 29 pmol/ml of plasma in DES responsive breast cancer. However that of DES non-responsive breast cancer was 31 +/- 22 pmol/ml of plasma (p less than 0.01). SHBG titer was increased during the administration of tamoxifen and was decreased during that of fluoxymesterone and after surgical hormone therapy. These results indicate that the mechanism of hormone therapy was due to a decreased free estradiol, which was caused by increased SHBG titer and resection of the ovarium or adrenal gland. PMID- 6543229 TI - Segregation of mutant ovalbumins and ovalbumin-globin fusion proteins in Xenopus oocytes. Identification of an ovalbumin signal sequence. AB - The intramolecular signals for chicken ovalbumin secretion were examined by producing mutant proteins in Xenopus oocytes. An ovalbumin complementary DNA clone was manipulated in vitro, and constructs containing altered protein-coding sequences and either the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter or Herpes simplex thymidine kinase promoter, were microinjected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. The removal of the eight extreme N-terminal amino acids of ovalbumin had no effect on the segregation of ovalbumin with oocyte membranes nor on its secretion. A protein lacking amino acids 2 to 21 was sequestered in the endoplasmic reticulum but remained strongly associated with the oocyte membranes rather than being secreted. Removal of amino acids 231 to 279, a region previously reported to have membrane-insertion function, resulted in a protein that also entered the endoplasmic reticulum but was not secreted. Hybrid proteins containing at their N terminus amino acids 9 to 41 or 22 to 41 of ovalbumin fused to the complete chimpanzee alpha-globin polypeptide were also sequestered by oocyte membranes. We conclude that the ovalbumin "signal" sequence is internally located within amino acids 22 to 41, and we speculate that amino acids 9 to 21 could be important for the completion of ovalbumin translocation through membranes. PMID- 6543231 TI - [Case of histopathological findings of choriocarcinoma in stomach cancer]. AB - A case of gastric cancer which contained a part of choriocarcinoma was reported in this study. The patient was a 64-year-old man, who was operated on with the diagnosis of gastric cancer in the prepyloric region. The postoperative histological examination revealed that typical choriocarcinoma was noted in a part of the adenocarcinoma, which occupied almost the entire portion of the surgical specimen. In addition, the precise localization of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the portion of choriocarcinoma was proved by the indirect immunoperoxidase stain (PAP method). The patient showed the gynecomastia clinically. The concentration of postoperative serum hCG was elevated and testicular abnormality was not noted clinically. PMID- 6543232 TI - Electron microscopic study of cells in vitreous of guinea pig. AB - The fine structure of the cells in the posterior segment of the vitreous body of three Hartley strain guinea pigs was investigated by electron microscopy. A total of fifty-four cells were observed. Fifty-three of the 54 cells had specific granules which manifested homogeneous or heterogeneous appearance and were considered as hyalocytes. A difference in cell activity was demonstrated among these cells. Only one cell of the 53 suggested phagocytosis. Another cell was discharging lipopigment. This suggests that hyalocyte granules are gradually degraded, becoming of more complicated structure, and are discharged into extracellular space. One of the 54 cells had cytoplasmic filaments and was not considered as a hyalocyte. PMID- 6543233 TI - Effect of Melia azedarach fruits on gipsing-restraint stress-induced ulcers in rats. AB - A study was undertaken on the antiulcer effect of some active ingredients present in the lipid part of the fruits of M. azedarach administered p.o. to male rats. Acute gastric ulcers were induced by gipsing the rats for 22 hr preceded by 24 hr starvation to obtain the maximum stress. The free HCl, total HCl and total acidity were also measured. The total lipid (TLP), 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg, reduced the ulcer index by 25-41.8% and 50-58% when given daily for 5 and 10 days, respectively. The saponifiable fraction (SP), 0.85, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg, given for 10 days reduced the ulcer index by 41.8-50%, while the nonsaponifiable (NSP), 0.075, 0.150 and 0.50 g/kg, for 10 days reduced it by 50-83.5%. The 70% ethanol extract of the defatted residue showed no antiulcer effect. Analysis of the gastric juice showed a significant decrease in free HCl (P less than 0.001) induced by TLP; the total HCl and total acidity were reduced only at 5 g/kg. The results revealed the antiulcer effect of the lipid components of M. azedarach fruits which is mainly due to the phytosterol fraction. PMID- 6543234 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase activities in cultured human testicular embryonal carcinoma cells]. PMID- 6543235 TI - [Effect of forskolin eyedrops on intraocular pressure in healthy males]. AB - Suspensions of Forskolin in concentrations of 0.3; 0.6; and 1.0% decreased effectively the intraocular pressure of healthy subjects when instillated in the conjunctival sac. The suspensions were compared with placebo in double blind studies. The maximum effect was reached 3 hours after application of the 0.3% (22.8%) and 0.6% (27.8%) suspensions and 4 hours after the 1.0% (26.5%) suspension. The higher concentrations decreased the intraocular pressure to the same extent as the lowest concentration but the effect lasted longer: 4 hours after instillation of the 0.3% suspension, 5 hours after instillation of the 0.6% suspension and 7 hours after the 1.0% suspension. The suspensions were well tolerated. Subjective sensations like burning, itching and augmentated lacrimation were observed only in a minor amount and for a short period of time. PMID- 6543236 TI - [Berlin dye laser]. AB - The conditions for an optimal ophthalmic coagulating system are derived from the absorption spectra of xanthophyll, melanin and hemoglobin. Coagulation is effected by a dye laser with two dyes. The continuously tunable range of 570 nm to 680 nm opens up new horizons in photocoagulation of the retina. PMID- 6543238 TI - A filter disc assay for the measurement and characterization of androgen-binding protein in unconcentrated media from Sertoli cell-enriched cultures. AB - As easy, rapid and sensitive assay which permits measurements of androgen binding protein (ABP) in unconcentrated spent media from Sertoli cell cultures is described. The method is based on the adsorption of the 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone-ABP complex onto DEAE-cellulose filter paper discs at pH 8.5. It is demonstrated that this method permits the characterisation of ABP (ligand specificity, kinetic properties) and represents a useful tool for the study of the effects of various hormones on ABP production by cultured Sertoli cells. When added on day 5 of culture, FSH and other agents that raise intracellular cAMP increase ABP secretion up to 3 times. Natural and synthetic androgens provoke a 1.5-1.8-fold increase. The effects of androgens and FSH are additive and cyproterone acetate blocks the effects of androgens in the presence as well as in the absence of FSH. PMID- 6543237 TI - Comparison of rabbit androgen binding protein with testosterone estradiol binding globulin--I. Physical and chemical properties. AB - Rabbit epididymal androgen binding protein (rbABP) and serum testosterone estradiol binding globulin (rbTeBG) were purified and their physicochemical properties compared. Both proteins bound dihydrotestosterone (DHT) with high affinity. Both contained two components, Heavy (H) and Light (L), and their molecular weights and pI values were comparable. rbABP and rbTeBG were different with regard to their ConA-Sepharose binding property. rbABP was not bound by ConA Sepharose while rbTeBG was found and retained by this lectin; thus, rbABP and rbTeBG differed in their carbohydrate structure. Peptide mapping on SDS-PAGE indicated that the H components of rbABP and rbTeBG were distinct even though they showed a high degree of homology. By contrast, the L components of these two proteins appeared to be identical. The structure of the steroid binding sites of these two proteins was analyzed by peptide mapping of [1,2(3)H]17 beta hydroxy androsta-4,6-dien-3-one photoaffinity labeled protein. The size distribution of radioactive peptide fragments generated appeared to be identical for these two proteins. However, the distribution of labeled peptides was slightly different when examined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The observations suggest that the differences between rbABP and rbTeBG might reside not only in carbohydrate moieties but also in their amino acid sequences. PMID- 6543239 TI - Localization of a new benzamide derivative, tropapride and of 1-sulpiride, in the pituitary gland of the rat. AB - Localization of tropapride and 1-sulpiride in the pituitary gland of the rat has been studied. A comparison of the ratio of total radioactivity in pituitary/total radioactivity in blood after i.p. administration shows that 1-sulpiride has a greater and more persistent localization in the pituitary than tropapride. Tropapride is present in this gland at 0.16 microM concentration 1 hour after an oral dose of 0.4 mg/kg, which is the ED50 value in a test related to neuroleptic activity: the antagonism of apomorphine-induced stereotypies. 1-Sulpiride, administered orally at doses near the ED50 value in the same test, gives after 1 hour pituitary concentrations at least thousand times greater. PMID- 6543240 TI - [Study on the dyadic dynamics of 2 monozygotic twins discordant with respect to schizophrenic symptomatology]. PMID- 6543241 TI - Fractionation of subpopulations of mouse and human lymphocytes by peanut agglutinin or soybean agglutinin. PMID- 6543242 TI - A spectroscopic technique for evaluating sterol-aponin interactions and implications for management of Ptychodiscus brevis red tides. AB - A double-beam quadruple-cell spectrophotometric technique is described that can be used to evaluate the interaction between sterols and HPLC fractions from Nannochloris sp. which are cytolytic (aponin) toward the red tide organism. The interaction with ergosterol but not beta-sitosterol is consistent with complex formation and also with the reduction of cytolytic activity of aponin in the presence of ergosterol, as previously noted. Implications for the mechanism of aponin cytolytic activity are considered. PMID- 6543244 TI - Effect of intercalating agents on RNA polymerase I promoter selection in Xenopus laevis. AB - We have analyzed the effect of DNA intercalating agents on the transcription signals from two different Xenopus laevis RNA polymerase I promoters. The transcription signal from the promoter for the 7.5-kilobase rRNA precursor (the gene promoter) is unaffected over a large range of intercalating agent concentrations regardless of whether the template is injected plasmid DNA in oocytes, the amplified endogenous nucleoli of oocytes, or the endogenous chromosomes of cultured Xenopus kidney cells. The transcription signal from a closely related promoter located in the spacer DNA between genes (the spacer promoter) ranges between undetectable to equivalent to the gene promoter signal on different templates. The transcription signal from the spacer promoter is also differentially affected by intercalating agents relative to the gene promoter. Depending on the template, these agents can either increase or decrease the transcription signal from the spacer promoter. Fusions between the gene and spacer promoters demonstrate that intercalating agents affect transcription initiation. One explanation for these results is that the degree of supercoiling of the template DNA can differentially inhibit transcription from the spacer promoters. The different effects of intercalating agents on transcription from the spacer promoters of various templates could then be explained as differences in the degree of supercoiling present on these templates initially. PMID- 6543243 TI - Characterization of the protein apparently responsible for the elevated tyrosine protein kinase activity in LSTRA cells. AB - The LSTRA murine thymoma cell line contains an elevated level of tyrosine protein kinase activity. When a microsomal preparation from these cells is incubated in vitro with ATP, the principal tyrosine protein kinase substrate is a 56,000 dalton protein, p56. We have found that an activity phosphorylating p56 on tyrosine can also be detected at low levels in microsomes from most, but not all, T lymphoma cell lines and from normal thymic tissue. Only 1 of 30 other lymphoma cell lines was found to contain an elevated level of such a tyrosine protein kinase. An activity that phosphorylated p56 in vitro was not detectable in the cells of other hematopoietic lineages. Anti-peptide antibodies reactive with the site of in vitro tyrosine phosphorylation of p56 allowed us to determine that the apparent abundance of the p56 polypeptide parallels closely the level of the tyrosine protein kinase activity in the cell lines examined. This suggests that p56 is the protein kinase responsible for the elevated tyrosine protein kinase activity in LSTRA cells and that the phosphorylation of p56 observed in vitro results from autophosphorylation. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping revealed that p56 is distinct from the proteins encoded by the cellular genes which are the progenitors of retroviral tyrosine protein kinases, src, yes, fgr, abl, fes, and ros. Additionally, none of these proto-oncogenes was found to be transcribed at elevated levels in LSTRA or Thy19 cells. Like the catalytic subunit of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, the cellular and viral forms of p60src, and the protein phosphatase calcineurin B, p56 contains covalently bound fatty acid. PMID- 6543245 TI - Cytidine(5')diphosphocholine enhances the ability of haloperidol to increase dopamine metabolites in the striatum of the rat and to diminish stereotyped behavior induced by apomorphine. AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether exogenous cytidine(5')diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) could modify release of dopamine in the striatum and behavior dependent on dopamine, perhaps by providing supplemental choline for synthesis of acetylcholine. Rats received water (control) or CDP-choline orally (100 mg/kg per day, for 5 days), either alone or before injection with haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.), apomorphine (0.15 mg/kg, s.c.), or both. Stereotyped behavior was measured during the hour after administration of apomorphine; levels of the dopamine metabolites, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the striatum were assessed at the end of this period (2 hr after administration of haloperidol). In rats receiving the CDP-choline, the stereotyped behavior observed after injection of apomorphine alone (P less than 0.01), or after haloperidol plus apomorphine (P less than 0.01), was attenuated. The pretreatment with CDP-choline also significantly increased levels of HVA (by 24%) and DOPAC (by 23%) in the striatum over appropriate controls in animals receiving haloperidol, or by 29 and 59% (averaging data for all time points), respectively, in animals receiving haloperidol plus apomorphine. One mechanism by which CDP-choline may affect behavior involves contributing choline to enhance synthesis of acetylcholine. PMID- 6543246 TI - Endogenous opiates and stress. Behavioral activation elicited in the rat and effects of naltrexone, diprenorphine and morphine. AB - Acute exposure to intense (95dB) white noise may selectively increase the open field behavior of rats. Previous studies have indicated that this effect was mediated in part by endogenous opioid neuropeptides. Three experiments were carried out to characterize further and more specifically the stress-activation syndrome, on behavioral and pharmacological grounds. The time course within which blockade of opiates by naltrexone was effective behaviorally was examined. A second experiment examined the issue of cross-tolerance with opiates, by using dependent subjects, while a final experiment examined involvement of enkephalins, by assessing the effects of the drug diprenorphine upon stressed-behavior. Blockade with naltrexone was achieved with a small dose of the drug, and had a behavioral effect restricted to the initial 6 min of a 12-min test. Morphine dependent rats proved not to be tolerant behaviorally to the activating effect of noise. Finally, diprenorphine did not mimic the effects of naltrexone. It produced no clear changes in the measures at any dose tested. PMID- 6543247 TI - Electrolytic raphe magnus lesions block analgesia induced by a stress-morphine interaction but not analgesia induced by morphine alone. AB - Morphine analgesia in the tail withdrawal test was examined in rats which had had lesions of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) or sham operations. Half of the rats were tested while restrained, whereas the other half were not restrained. In the sham-operated rats, restraint potentiated the analgesic response to morphine. Lesions of the NRM had no effect on unrestrained rats but reduced the morphine analgesia exhibited by restrained rats so that it was indistinguishable from that of unrestrained rats. The NRM seems to be involved in analgesia induced by an interaction of morphine and restraint but not in analgesia induced by morphine alone. PMID- 6543248 TI - [Late results of laser coagulation of the fundus oculi in acute obstruction of the retinal arteries]. PMID- 6543249 TI - [Possible mechanisms of the therapeutic action of laser coagulation in occlusions of the retinal vessels]. PMID- 6543250 TI - [Argon laser coagulation in focal chorioretinitis]. PMID- 6543251 TI - Comparison of aggressive behaviour induced by electrical stimulation in the hypothalamus of male and female rats. PMID- 6543252 TI - Differentiation of sexual behaviour in female marmoset monkeys: effects of neonatal testosterone or a male co-twin. PMID- 6543253 TI - [Thromboxan A2 during cardiopulmonary bypass]. PMID- 6543254 TI - [Alcoholic myopathy. Histochemical and ultrastructural study]. AB - Muscles of alcoholic rats undergo histochemical and ultrastructural study. Significative alterations have not been found. The authors compare their experimental data with analogous human pathology, pointing out the possible biochemical and immunological differences. PMID- 6543255 TI - Cryptosporidium enterocolitis in homosexual men with AIDS. AB - Two homosexual Danish men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) contracted cryptosporidium enterocolitis. One patient died in another opportunistic infection, the other developed severe chronic enterocolitis with malabsorption. The cryptosporidia escape detection on routine stool examination, but are easily demonstrated by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain. It is suggested that this procedure should be applied when persons from AIDS high risk groups or patients with other forms of immunological incompetence develop prolonged diarrhoea. PMID- 6543256 TI - Ethinylestradiol and d-norgestrel regulation of plasminogen activator in a human melanoma cell line. AB - The influence of ethinylestradiol (EE2) and d-norgestrel (d-Ng) was studied in a melanoma cell line producing a tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) very similar to or identical with the t-PA isolated in extracts from human uterus. The cell cultures were exposed to the two contraceptive steroids by addition of EE2 or d-Ng dissolved in a week alcoholic solution to the culture media, in which the released t-PA was assayed by an immunoradiometric method. A strongly stimulating effect of ethanol (0.76% w/v) on the t-PA production was demonstrated. Whereas, EE2 in the concentration of 1.7 X 10(-7)M and d-Ng in the concentration of 8.6 X 10(-7)M both caused a significantly reduced secretion of t-PA, and this effect was independent of whether the cell cultures were grown to confluency in the presence of the two synthetic steroids or not. It was concluded, that the two contraceptive steroids had an inhibitory effect on the production of t-PA in melanoma cell culture. PMID- 6543257 TI - [X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome]. AB - This report deals with the case history of a 21/2-year old Turkish boy, who died from an overwhelming mononucleosis infectiosa. The parents, first cousins, lost already two sons and a daughter. According to the parents, the symptoms of these children resembled those of this boy. In the patient, described here, an acquired immunodeficiency was found, probably induced by the Epstein-Barr virus on the basis of a genetic susceptibility for this virus. The family history, the clinical picture, together with the serological, immunological - and histological examinations, pointed to the diagnosis of X-linked recessive lymfoproliferative syndrome (XLP), as described by Purtilo. The immunological findings resemble those of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). PMID- 6543258 TI - [Aminopeptidase activity in the neurons of the nodose ganglion of the vagus nerve in acute experimental emotional stress]. AB - Histological investigation was carried out to study the activity of aminopeptidase (AMP) in neurons of the nodose ganglion of immobilized rabbits with acute experimental emotional stress induced by electrical stimulation of ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei and skin. On the basis of the pattern of cardiovascular reactions, two groups of animals were distinguished: resistant and susceptible to the stress effects. In control animals, AMP activity was found to vary in neurons of different size. The highest activity was recorded in large cells, whereas small cells showed the minimum activity. In resistant animals AMP activity was found to be on control level in all groups of nerve cells. In susceptible rabbits AMP activity rose significantly, with maximum increase of AMP activity being observed in the large and medium-sized neurons. PMID- 6543259 TI - [Maternal lactation as a contraception method? 3. Comparison of maternal lactation with current methods of contraception]. PMID- 6543260 TI - [Comparative studies of protein A from staphylococci isolated from sheep]. AB - The passive hemagglutination test was employed to establish the presence of protein A in a total of 133 strains of coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from sheep with mastitis. Defined were also the antigen structure, phage behaviour, and some biologic properties of these staphylococci. It was found that 91 per cent out of 110 strains of Staphylococcus aureus studied produced protein A. At the same time not one of the 23 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis showed the presence of this surface antigen. This data showed the necessity of introducing the hemagglutination test in routine microbiologic work for the demonstration of protein A in staphylococci isolated in the cases of pathologic processes in animals. PMID- 6543261 TI - [Morphological changes in the functioning ovary of the rat after unilateral ovariectomy]. AB - Unilateral ovariectomy was carried out of thirty female rats of the Wistar race, aged 45 days. The morphologic changes in the remaining functional ovary were followed up in compliance with the phase of the estrus cycle of the investigated animals. It was established that the greater size of the hyperthrophic ovary was due to the faster growth of follicles as well as to the increased number of corpora aliena and the strongly proliferated interstitium. In metestrus and diestrus there was also a faster process of follicular atresia. During the proestrus-estrus phase these processes involved mainly the preovulatory follicles. The morphologic changes observed in the functioning follicle were primarily due to the releasing factors and the gonadotropic hormones of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system the normal level of which proved high as they acted not on two, but on one gonad. PMID- 6543263 TI - [Variants of the host immune response to the tick-borne encephalitis virus]. AB - Syrian hamsters intracerebrally infected with tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus were used to study the correlation between virulence of the strains, their serotype, form and course of the disease, average survival time (AST) of hamsters, features of CNS pathomorphology, and the changes of values of cell mediated and humoral immunity. Thirty one strains of TBE virus isolated in Siberia and Far East were studied. Virulence of the strains ranged from 100% to 5%, AST from 5 to 237 days. Hamsters developed acute lethal encephalitis, subacute encephalitis, or asymptomatic infection. Most virulent strains produced early and extensive lesions in the brain stem. In encephalitis with subacute course pathomorphological changes in the CNS developed slower and the brain stem was less involved. Each variant of TBE course was associated with a certain pattern of host immune response formed as early as the first day of infection. Highly virulent strains inducing acute encephalitis and 100% lethality within 5-9 days produced immune response characterized by high antigen reactivity of lymphocytes by the level of rosette-forming cells, marked specific sensitization in splenocyte migration-inhibition test, moderate antibody-producing cell reaction, increased thymus weight index, low values of nonspecific resistance with low levels of antihemagglutinins and virus-neutralizing antibody by the end of the first week. Different immunologic condition was associated with asymptomatic infection and increase of AST to 100-237 days. PMID- 6543262 TI - [Enterotoxic staphylococci in the milk of cows and sheep with mastitis]. AB - Studied were the occurrence and the biochemical and phage characteristic of enterotoxic staphylococci in cow and sheep milk from animals with mastitis. Milk samples taken from 150 cows and 120 ewes were investigated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. This organism was found in 88 per cent of the cow milk samples and in 89.2 per cent of the sheep milk ones. The count of bacteria was within the 10(1) to 10(5)/cm3 range. A total of 239 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from both kinds of milk. They were tested for enterotoxigenicity after Ouchterlony. It was shown that 28.8 per cent of those isolated from mastitis cow milk and 7.5 per cent of those isolated from mastitis ewe milk produced an enterotoxin. Those from the cow milk samples produced enterotoxin A in 65.8 per cent of the cases, enterotoxin B in 13.1 per cent, and enterotoxin C in 5.3 per cent. Simultaneous production of A and D toxin was found in 15.8 per cent of the strains. Those isolated from the ewe milk samples produced enterotoxin C in 75 per cent of the cases, and enterotoxins A and C in 25 per cent. The enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains were distinguished by high biochemical and enzyme activity, however, none of the methods tested proved specific for enterotoxic Staphylococci only. The enterotoxic staphylococci of cow milk were typed by II and IV phages and by a mixed group of phages (II/M, III/M, IV/M, II/IV). Most spread were the 116 and 116/118 phage types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543264 TI - [Modern status of ophthalmomicrosurgery in the treatment of cataract and the etiopathogenesis, possibilities and limits of senile macular degeneration]. PMID- 6543265 TI - [Application of therapy with atrial controlled ventricular pacemakers with shortened AV delay time]. AB - For the reduction of the functional obstruction of the left-ventricular outflow in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy since 1978 in selected cases conventional VAT cardiac pacemakers with shortened AV retardation time have been implanted. On the basis of 4 casuistics the insufficient adaptation of these systems to unexpectedly appearing disturbances of the cardiac rhythm is demonstrated. Thus already extreme sinus bradycardias lead to parasystole by the unchangeably given asynchronous basic frequency of the pacemakers. Furthermore, all tachycardiac supraventricular arrhythmias and retrograde atrium activations evoke haemodynamically unfavourable and partly even threatening ventricular tachycardies caused by the pacemakers. Control ECG made under these conditions are frequently inexactly interpreted by the continuing intact natural AV conduction and technical defects of the pacemakers are assumed. The individual diagnostic steps necessary for the assessment of the function of the devices and the inevitable immediate therapeutic measures are, therefore, explained. Finally the demands to more modern differentiated physiological pacemaker systems are derived which should be used in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6543266 TI - [Thrombolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6543267 TI - [Effect of typical and atypical tranquilizers on mitochondrial membrane function and on the synthesis and utilization of adenosine phosphates in the brain in chronic stress]. PMID- 6543268 TI - Effect of Pueraria tuberosa DC on the oestrous cycle of adult rats. AB - The effect of extracts of Pueraria tuberosa DC has been studied on the oestrous cycle of adult rats. It is found that when petroleum ether and benzene extracts are given orally to normal cyclic rats, within 3-4 days the diestrus phase is transformed into a prolonged cornified stage, which persisted till the last day of treatment indicating thereby the estrogenic nature of the extracts. The administration of crude powder and ethanolic extract also induced cornification but after the 13th day, the cornified stage changed into the diestrus stage which continued till the last day of treatment. This type of change is thought to be due to the multiple hormonal properties of the crude powder and ethanolic extract. PMID- 6543269 TI - Twin research 4. Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress on Twin Studies. London: 28 June-1 July 1983. Part C: Clinical Studies. PMID- 6543270 TI - Chronogenetics: a meeting point for medicine and twin research. AB - The program of any individual's vital cycle encoded in the genetic information is executed according to a time schedule that is the object of study of Chronogenetics. MZ twins provide the best evidence of the existence of this hereditary biological time and they represent, therefore, the natural test of Chronogenetics. Twin research can thus serve medicine in developing its most modern perspective, individual preventive medicine. Moreover, through approaches such as the Twins-Living-Apart Test, twin research can help to identify the influences of the environment on the health of man. PMID- 6543271 TI - Genetic variance and heritability of cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adolescent twins. AB - In order to estimate genetic variance and heritability of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, a total of 235 (79 male and 82 female MZ, 41 male and 33 female DZ) twin pairs, recruited from 12 junior high schools in Taipei city, were studied. Statistically significant genetic variance observed for SBP, DBP, serum cholesterol and triglycerides persisted after adjustment for age and anthropometric characteristics. However, further adjustment for dietary preference, beverage consumption, and other host and environmental factors gave different results: genetic variance of adjusted SBP and DBP was still significant, while significance was found only in males for cholesterol and in neither males nor females for triglycerides. Heritability estimates of unadjusted SBP, DBP, cholesterol and triglycerides were 0.27, 0.45, 0.21 and 0.41, respectively, for males, and 0.15, 0.42, 0.41 and 0.82, respectively, for females. After adjustment for age, anthropometric characteristics, host and environmental factors, the heritability estimates of SBP, DBP and cholesterol were 0.64, 0.72 and 0.50, respectively, for males, and 0.40, 0.60 and 0.37, respectively, for females. PMID- 6543272 TI - Environmental effects on cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adolescent monozygotic twins. AB - The monozygotic (MZ) cotwin control method was employed to elucidate possible environmental determinants of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. A population-based twin sample of 73 male and 77 females MZ twin pairs was recruited from 12 junior high schools in Taipei city. Intrapair differences in blood pressure were negatively associated with intrapair difference in vegetable preference, attaining significance for DBP in males and SBP in females. Cholesterol was positively associated with milk consumption and preference for sweets, fried foods, meat and fish. A negative association was also observed between cholesterol and vegetable preference. These associations for cholesterol were significant in males only. Triglyceride level negatively associated with preferences for sweets and vegetable, attaining significance for vegetables in both males and females and for sweets in males only. PMID- 6543273 TI - Effects of gene-environment interactions on cardiovascular risk factors in Chinese adolescent twins. AB - A population-based sample of 73 male and 77 female monozygotic (MZ), and 41 male and 33 female dizygotic (DZ) Chinese adolescent twin pairs were studied to assess effects of gene-environment interactions of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Intrapair concordance in BP levels was found to be significantly associated with the interaction of zygosity and salty foods preference and also with that of zygosity and vegetable preference. A consistently positive and statistically significant association was observed between the intrapair difference in serum cholesterol and the interaction of zygosity and animal organ preference; while intrapair concordance in serum cholesterol was associated with the interaction of zygosity and milk consumption. Intrapair difference in serum triglycerides was associated with the interaction of zygosity and fish preference, and a significant association was also found between the intrapair concordance in serum triglycerides and the interaction of zygosity and sweets preference. These observations suggest that the impact of these environmental agents may be influenced by the genotype. PMID- 6543274 TI - High resolution atrial depolarization of MZ twins detected by surface signal averaging technique. AB - High resolution tracings of atrial depolarization can be obtained by surface signal averaging technique. A study was conducted on 4 male and 4 female healthy MZ twin pairs aged 10.4 +/- 1.3 yrs. Each subject underwent 3 or more recordings, at 10-days intervals. The essential reproducibility could be confirmed, with personal characteristics, as well as the reliability of the technique and the electrophysiological value of the spikes complex. In 3/8 pairs the cotwins showed a significant likeness of the atriogram, while in 5/8 pairs the tracings were not quite resembling between the twins and that is attributed to variations in the chronogenetic characteristics of MZ twins. PMID- 6543275 TI - Familial factors in mortality with control of epidemiological covariables. Swedish twins born 1886-1925. AB - A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was carried out that evaluated age specific death risk among 21,890 twins born in Sweden during 1886 through 1925 and followed during 1962 through 1980. Cotwin's survival was used as the primary covariable, and auxiliary covariables were smoking, marital status and, among men, police registration for alcohol abuse. In each age, sex and zygosity group, except the oldest DZ males, cotwin's mortality had a significant, independent, positive relationship to the mortality risk of the individual. The auxiliary covariables, except marital status among females, had significant, independent, positive relationships to mortality among the youngest twins of both zygosity groups and in the middle age group of MZ twins. In the oldest age group, the death of MZ cotwins was the only variable significantly related to the individual's mortality. Heritability estimates for the age-specific probability or death risk, developed by different methods for different analysis groups, range between 0.4 and 0.6. They have reasonable internal consistency, are not much affected by the covariates, and are in agreement with other studies that did not control covariates. PMID- 6543276 TI - Twin analysis as a potential tool for examining psychosocial factors associated with and preceeding smoking behaviors. AB - Data from the young cohort of the Swedish Twin Registry are being used in an attempt to describe characteristics which distinguish among current, non- and ex smokers prior to the development of a smoking habit versus those present after establishment of the habit (or lack of one). With twins as a sample of individuals, the psychosocial variables instability, extroversion, leisure activity, relative weight, alcohol, coffee and psychopharmaceutic drug use were examined jointly as predictors of current smoking status in multiple regression analyses. This phase was intended to replicate and expand upon earlier studies characterizing current, non- and ex-smokers. These analyses were then performed on MZ nonsmoking twin individuals who were classified on the basis of their cotwins' smoking status. Pattern of variation in the psychosocial variables across the groups of nonsmokers were similar to the pattern seen for current, ex- and nonsmokers. Characteristics in MZ nonsmokers which are predictive of their cotwins' smoking status may be interpreted as those present prior to development of a smoking habit. Selected results from these analyses will be presented. PMID- 6543277 TI - Finnish twins reared apart. IV: Smoking and drinking habits. A preliminary analysis of the effect of heredity and environment. AB - Data on alcohol use and smoking habits was available from the 1975 questionnaire of the entire cohort. Prior to pairwise analyses, the data of individuals was compared to that of age-sex matched groups of pairs reared together. The early separated twins had a higher alcohol consumption, while for smoking only slight differences were observed compared to twins reared together. Probandwise concordance rates were computed from smoking status (ever smoker/never smoker), alcohol use (user/nonuser) and "heavy" drinking (half-bottle of spirits on one occasion at least once a month). The following results were obtained in those pairs with the environmental dissimilarity score greater than 15: (table; see text) PMID- 6543278 TI - Causes of variation in drinking habits in a large twin sample. AB - A genetic analysis of alcohol consumption in 3810 pairs of adult twins is reported. When no correction was made for age, individual environmental variance, including non-repeatable errors of reporting, accounted for approximately 44% of variation in both sexes. In females, there was no evidence of shared environmental effects and 56% of the variance was genetic in origin. In males, only 36% of the variance was genetic and common environmental effects accounted for the remaining 20% of individual differences. For females, the results for younger (30 years and under) and older (over 30) twins were similar. For males, however, the effect of age was striking. In younger male twins over 60% of the variance was genetic in origin, with the remaining variance due to environmental influences unique to the individual. In older twins genetic differences do not appear to be important, with approximately 50% of the total variance due to individual environmental differences and the remaining 50% due to the effect of the common family environment. Our results suggest that both age and sex need to be considered when analysing the causes of variation in alcohol consumption. PMID- 6543279 TI - Preliminary findings from a study of the effects of a challenge dose of alcohol in male twins. AB - Twelve pairs of MZ and 7 of DZ normal adult male twins were given a challenge dose of 0.8 mg ethanol per kg body weight diluted to a 30% v/v solution. Measures of blood alcohol, mood, craving for alcohol, body sway, heart rate and four psychomotor tasks were taken before, during and after intoxication. Genetic factors were found to be involved in the response of heart rate, body sway and two of the psychomotor tasks, but not in changes in blood alcohol, alertness or craving for alcohol. Drinking habits did not exert a strong influence upon acute responses to alcohol, but were significantly related to craving for alcohol whilst intoxicated. PMID- 6543280 TI - Monozygotic twin resemblance in fatness and fat cell lipolysis. AB - Six skinfold measurements, and percent body fat and fat-free weight derived from the underwater weighing technique were obtained in 43 pairs of male and 44 pairs of female monozygotic (MZ) twins. A fat tissue biopsy was performed in the suprailiac region in 20 male and 16 female pairs in order to determine mean adipocyte diameter and basal lipolysis as well as epinephrine maximally stimulated lipolysis (10(-4) M). Twin resemblance in body fatness is clearly demonstrated by the analysis of the between MZ sibships over the within MZ shibship means of squares for all skinfold measurements, percent body fat and fat free weight (P less than 0.01). Within MZ pair similarity is as high in female as in male pairs for body fatness. Moreover, members of the same twin pair resemble one another significantly for fat cell size and fat cell lipolytic activities, particularly when epinephrine stimulated. In female MZ pairs, additional studies with control over the menstrual cycle are needed to clarify the case of isolated fat cell basal lipolysis. PMID- 6543281 TI - Discordance for skeletal and cardiac defect in monozygotic twins. AB - A case of monozygotic male twins discordant for skeletal and cardiac defect is reported. One twin had the hemifacial microsomia type of the oculo-auriculo vertebral dysplasia. The cotwin had no asymmetry of the face and normal ears, but preaxial polydactyly and ventricular and auricular septal defects. The cotwins were concordant for craniostenosis with a ridge metopic suture. Karyotypes were normal. PMID- 6543282 TI - Miscellaneous clinical case reports in twins. AB - Three case reports are presented concerning 1) Albino MZ female twins, 2) Raynaud's syndrome in MZ female twins, and 3) Pseudohermaphroditism in MZ male twins. PMID- 6543283 TI - Estimates of genetic variance for some selected morphometric characters: a twin study. AB - Results on genetic variability in some of the morphometric characters on head and face, body girths and skin folds, based on 45 MZ and 67 like-sex DZ twin pairs, are presented. The data were subjected to a method which eliminated possible biases in the estimated genetic variances that could result from heterogeneity of total variances between zygosities of the 17 head and face measurements, heterogeneity was observed for only bizygomatic diameter. Head breadth means differed between MZ and DZ twins, indicating bias in the trait's genetic variance analysis. The results indicated a significant genetic component in these morphometric traits. For 11 girth and skinfold measurements, the t'-test based on hierarchical structure of twin data, also failed to reveal any appreciable difference between the mean values of MZ and DZ twins. Heterogeneity of total variance between zygosities was observed for three skinfold measurements, ie, biceps, triceps and suprailiac. The girth measurements, however, did not reveal any heterogeneity of total variances between the zygosities. The estimates of genetic variance revealed stronger genetic component for the girths than for the skinfolds. PMID- 6543284 TI - Zygosity testing: laboratory and the investigator's judgment. AB - The immediate global impressions of zygosity (based upon physical similarity) were recorded by the investigator at initial meetings with 105 pairs of twins. The accuracy of these ratings, as well as classifications provided by two objective procedures (physical resemblance questionnaire; dermatoglyphic analyses) and two subjective procedures (parental impressions; physician's impressions), were evaluated by comparison with results from bloodtyping for 53 pairs. The judgments of the investigator furnished the most accurate indication of zygosity (94-96% accuracy). Laboratory tests were repeated for five pairs when the results proved incompatible with the investigator's ratings. In all five cases, the investigator's judgments were confirmed, indicating that a laboratory error had occurred. It appears that the opinion of a skilled observer of twins can provide a convenient and highly effective alternative to bloodtyping. PMID- 6543285 TI - The Twins Foundation: twins take up the challenge. AB - Revelations about twins are abundant, but the information often is inaccessible. Therefore, The Twins Foundation, a multifaceted, international, nonprofit agency has been formed. Through development of a Research Library, Museum and Hall of Fame, it will provide archival and research support to the growing number of disciplines involved in twin studies; provide a central respository and clearing house of information about twins for the general public; enlist twin achievers to act as role models for adolescent twins; and collect information about the contributions twins have made to their societies in order to dispel still prevalent negative stereotypes about multiples. PMID- 6543286 TI - Physical dependence on ethanol during multiple intoxication and withdrawal episodes in the rat: evidence of a potentiation. AB - An animal model of repeated alcohol intoxication-withdrawal episodes consisting in a 2-day period of intoxication followed by 5 days abstinence in a 17 week period of study is presented. Gastric intubation was used. As a group the animals presented a statistically significant increase of convulsive withdrawal phenomena which during the 10th and 17th episode was comparable to the withdrawal reaction in abstinent 4-day alcohol-intoxicated animals. It is suggested that the present model may represent a paradigm for the study of effects of multiple ethanol withdrawal episodes. PMID- 6543287 TI - Effects of single and repeated application of clonazepam and diazepam independently and in combination with cyproheptadine on apomorphine stereotypy in rats. AB - The effects of the benzodiazepines clonazepam (CLZ) and diazepam (DZ), introduced independently and in combination with cyproheptadine (CY) upon single and repeated application on apomorphine stereotypy in rats were studied. On single application CLZ shortened the duration of apomorphine stereotypy and DZ did not change it. On repeated application (14 days) CLZ reduced stereotypy while DZ increased it. Cyproheptadine on both single and repeated application reduced apomorphine stereotypy. On single application the combination of CLZ and CY increased stereotypy and the combination of DZ and CY increased gnawing behavior. On repeated administration the combination of CLZ and CY reduced apomorphine stereotypy to a higher extent than did CLZ when applied alone. The CLZ- and DZ induced changes in apomorphine stereotypy were determined through a mediated effect in which 5-hydroxytryptamine plays an important role. PMID- 6543288 TI - Behavioral effects of piracetam in rats with isolation syndrome. AB - Piracetam in doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg i.p. administered for 5 days in Wistar rats with isolation syndrome produced a transient inhibition of mouse-killing behavior. Its anti-aggressive effect was most pronounced on days 2 and 3 of drug administration. On day 5 all aggressive rats again exhibited mouse-killing behavior. Piracetam in both doses was less effective in avoidance learning of aggressive rats. These results suggest that piracetam has a slight effect on the aggressive behavior of rats with isolation syndrome. No relationship exists between the antiaggressive and the learning-facilitating effects of piracetam. PMID- 6543289 TI - [Effect of argon laser photoradiation on the monkey retina treated with hematoporphyrin derivative--an electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6543290 TI - [Detection of circulating immune complexes by polyethyleneglycol precipitations complement consumption test in urological malignant diseases]. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected and quantitated in 49 patients with urological malignant diseases (9 cases of renal cell cancer, 3 cases of renal pelvic and ureter cancer, 21 cases of bladder cancer and 16 cases of prostatic cancer), 9 patients with urological benign diseases and in normal subjects by the polyethylene-glycol precipitation complement consumption test (PEG-CC test). The average CIC level was 2.7 +/- 3.0% in 18 normal subjects and the normal range was less than 10% of the CIC level. CIC level of patients with renal cell cancer was 14.3 +/- 20.1%, being elevated in 3 of the 9 patients, that of patients with renal pelvic and ureter cancer was 4.7 +/- 4.6%, being within the normal range in 3 cases, that of patients with bladder cancer was 4.7 +/- 4.4%, being elevated in 1 of 21 patients, and that of patients with prostatic cancer was 8.9 +/- 15.4%, being elevated in 3 of 16 patients. In urological malignant diseases such as renal cell cancer and prostatic cancer the CIC values were relatively high. PMID- 6543291 TI - Phase II trial of cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum for non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - We hypothesized that cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum, without adriamycin, which had been used in previous studies, may be equally efficacious, but less toxic. We treated 27 patients with non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma with the combination of cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum. We report six responses (25% response rate), with median survival of 79 weeks as compared to 28 weeks in nonresponders (p less than 0.01). Our regimen had acceptable hematologic toxicity and tolerable gastrointestinal toxicity. However, cumulative nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity were observed. We conclude that cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum may compare favorably to the cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cis-platinum combination, with respect to response and toxicity. PMID- 6543293 TI - Specific enzymatic procedure for the determination of starch in soya-based animal feed pre-mixes. PMID- 6543292 TI - Microcontrolled release of biologically active compounds in chick embryos: beads of 200-microns diameter for the local release of retinoids. AB - A method of controlled release that allows the continuous local application of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives) in living tissues has been developed. Several biocompatible 200-microns-diameter polymeric beads have been tested as possible carriers. Each type of bead was loaded by soaking in an isotopically labeled retinoid solution, washed, and then transferred into tissue culture medium for quantitative release measurements. Positively-charged ion-exchange resins of the Dowex 1 type were found to be the most suitable for the controlled release of retinoic acid, a negatively charged compound. For the controlled release of uncharged retinoids such as retinyl acetate, uncharged acrylic ester polymer beads are preferred; these beads can also be used to release the negatively charged compounds retinoic acid and prostaglandin E1. In all cases, a prolonged release is obtained that persists for more than a day. During this interval, the release is diffusion-controlled, and the total amount of compound released is directly proportional to the amount of the compound that the bead is exposed to during the initial loading step. High-performance liquid chromatography has been used to analyze the nature of the released retinoid. When the positively charged beads are loaded with all-trans-retinoic acid, there is a time-dependent decrease in the proportion of the all-trans isomer released which is due to an increased release of two cis isomers. This isomerization reaction occurs at a considerably slower rate when the uncharged beads are used as carriers. To mimic the conditions under which the local release of retinoic acid causes striking pattern duplications in developing chick wings, beads loaded with isotopically labeled retinoids were manually implanted into a slit cut into wing buds of stage-20 chick embryos. The release rate obtained was comparable to that found in vitro, and a time-dependent accumulation of the released radioactive compound was measured that was confined to the tissue near the site of implantation. All of the beads tested were readily accommodated by the tissue and could be easily removed at any time to terminate the treatment. It is believed that the controlled release of chemicals from such tiny biocompatible implants has a wide potential range of applications in biology. PMID- 6543294 TI - Growth control of the rat skull. Differential effects of undernourishment and of altered behaviour in experimental bipedia. AB - Experimental bipedia results in retarded general development and in a change of skull form. The present study was undertaken to investigate the precise cause(s) of the changes of skull growth. Skull growth was restudied in experimentally bipedal male rats and compared to that in control rats that were reared in extra large litters, thereby creating undernutrition during the pre-weaning period. In addition, another category of control rats were reared in litters of standard size. The animals were sacrificed at the age of either 30 or 46 weeks. The following observations were made. In bipedal as well as in large-litter rats the cranial base was different to that of the standard-litter rats with respect to the following aspects: the basisphenoid bone was reduced in length, and the cranial base was more dorsally flexed at the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Both differences, therefore, do not seem to be specific for the bipedal condition, but must be the consequence of general growth retardation during early life. The supra-occipital bone, on the other hand, was rotated backward in the large-litter rats, but rotated forward in the bipedal rats. This phenomenon seems to be the only change observed so far that is specific for the bipedal condition. PMID- 6543295 TI - [Asymmetrical otocraniofacial syndrome (hemifacial microsomy) in discordant monozygotic twins. Otologic aspects]. AB - The authors present a case of otocraniofacial syndrome with asymmetric involvement (hemifacial microsomia) in monozygotic twins discordant for the syndrome. Only a few cases of discordance in monozygotic twins have been previously describe in world literature. The occurrence of discordance in identical twins indicates the significance of exogenous factors. The patient had bilateral involvement right side being more severely involved than left side. Conductive hearing loss due to middle ear abnormalities was also present. Usefulness of tomographic examination to study structural ear abnormalities is emphasized, and some comments on the otologic involvement in this syndrome are made. PMID- 6543296 TI - Genito-urinary tuberculosis--a local experience on its diagnosis and management. AB - Though the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis has been on the decline, the incidence of genito-urinary tuberculosis has not decreased proportionately as the majority of patients have no associated pulmonary tuberculosis. Genito-urinary tuberculosis affects male and female equally and is commonest in the 4th decade of life. The most frequent presentation is that of persistent urinary tract infection in 2/3 of patients and gross haematuria in about 1/3 of our patients. A few may be relatively asymptomatic with loin ache. Though urine culture for acid fast bacilli is important, diagnosis in most patients was established on histopathology and typical radiological features. The main stay of treatment is medical. The role of surgery is mainly reconstructive, to overcome strictures causing obstruction so as to preserve renal function. Close cooperation between physician and surgeon is important in the management of this disease. PMID- 6543297 TI - [Endoscopic teflon injection in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence]. AB - Fifty six women with urinary stress incontinence were treated with transurethral teflon injections. Forty eight (86 per cent) were completely cured, or showed considerable improvement. No abscesses or other complications were noted, and hospitalization was reduced to two or three days. The procedure is easy to perform and does not preclude subsequent surgery, if required. It is particularly suitable for obese or debilitated patients, or patients who have previously undergone surgery without success. PMID- 6543298 TI - [Febrile renal colic of pregnancy. A severe emergency]. AB - Among the so-called "gravidic pyelonephritis" a special place should be reserved for the retention of purulent urine upstream of an obstruction normally caused by stones. The restoration of the free flow of the urine by direct approach of the obstruction or a temporary stent is the main aspect of the treatment. Antibiotics only play a secondary role. PMID- 6543300 TI - Propagation of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in calf testicle microcarrier culture. PMID- 6543299 TI - [Cytology in the diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis. Apropos of a clinical case]. PMID- 6543302 TI - Acid phosphatase activity in the chick ovary during embryonic development. AB - Acid phosphatase activity was studied in the left and right ovaries of the chick during embryonic development. The cytochemical study indicated that local enzymatic activity is localized mainly in germ and somatic cells. From the results obtained in the study on the specific activity of this acid hydrolase, it can be inferred that the higher concentration of this enzyme in the right ovary would be determined by a decrease of total proteins in the total homogenate and in the cellular fractions of this organ. Besides, a decrease in the enzymatic activity of this ovary is not observed, but it occurs in the left ovary. This finding would indicate a lack of enzymatic segregation that could be related to the phenomenon of ovarian atrophy. Finally, the electrophoretic study indicated that it would apparently exist only one molecular form of the enzyme. Our results support the hypothesis that acid phosphatase would be involved in the atrophic processes of the right ovary during embryonary differentiation. PMID- 6543301 TI - [Immunization model of calves using sheep erythrocytes--comparative trial of subcutaneous and intratracheal administration]. PMID- 6543303 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in mammalian meiotic chromosomes. AB - Meiotic cells have been, and remain, a relatively difficult tissue in which to study SCEs. Experimental evaluations have had to contend with various problems unique to germ cells, i.e., poor in vitro growth, unusual cytotoxicities (from BrdUrd), trying chromosome morphologies, and confusion between chromosome label patterns generated by SCEs, COs, and replication kinetics. Nevertheless, BrdUrd differential staining techniques in insects and rodents have progressed to the point where SCE frequencies can be reliably determined. In the described Armenian hamster system, SCEs may be directly resolved in selected primary spermatocyte bivalents and indirectly assessed in secondary spermatocyte cells. SCE frequencies determined from spermatogonial, primary spermatocyte, and secondary spermatocyte cells are in good agreement. The system should be applicable for studies of possible mechanistic similarities between SCE and CO exchange, and for evaluating genotoxic effects. Experimental evidence in Drosophila (33) argues against a very close molecular relationship between these forms of breakage and recombination. However, it is likely that new information can be gained from cells in which normal SCE and CO frequencies and distributions can be characterized, and from studies of the consequences to these events after various mutagenic perturbations to premeiotic and meiotic DNA. PMID- 6543304 TI - Biochemical genetics of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in the mouse: evidence for stomach- and testis-specific isozymes. AB - Electrophoretic and activity variants have been observed for stomach and testis aldehyde dehydrogenases, respectively, among inbred strains of the house mouse (Mus musculus). Genetic evidence was obtained for two new loci encoding these isozymes (designated Ahd-4 and Ahd-6, respectively, for the stomach and testis isozymes) which segregated independently of a number of mouse gene markers, including Ahd-1 (encoding mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase) on chromosome 4, ep (pale ears), a marker for chromosome 19, on which Ahd-2 (encoding liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase) has been previously localized, and Adh-3 (encoding the stomach-specific isozyme of alcohol dehydrogenase) on chromosome 3. Recombination studies have indicated, however, that Ahd-4 and Ahd-6 are distinct but closely linked loci on the mouse genome. An extensive survey of the distribution of Ahd-1, Ahd-2, Ahd-4, and Ahd-6 alleles among 56 strains of mice is reported. No variants have been observed, so far, for the microsomal (AHD-3) and mitochondrial/cytosolic (AHD-5) isozymes previously described. This study, in combination with previous investigations on mouse aldehyde dehydrogenases, provides evidence for six genetic loci for this enzyme. PMID- 6543306 TI - Radioimmunoassay of guanabenz, an antihypertensive agent. AB - Antibodies with a high specificity and sensitivity for [(2,6 dichlorobenzylidene)amino]guanidine acetate (guanabenz, GB), a potent antihypertensive agent, were produced in rabbits immunized with GB conjugated to bovine serum albumin. GB-specific antibodies were detected 6-8 days after the first booster injection and the titer steadily increased over the initial 17-25 weeks of immunization. A high degree of specificity was demonstrated. No metabolite of GB detected in humans or several animal species cross-reacted, even when present in over 100-fold excess. A rapid and convenient radioimmunoassay procedure for GB was designed using these antibodies. Competition between tritiated GB tracer and unlabeled GB for specific antibody binding sites made feasible measurement of as little as 30 pg GB. GB was absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract and reached a maximum level in the plasma (2.50 +/- 0.45 ng/ml) at 2 h after oral administration (1 mg/kg) to dogs. PMID- 6543305 TI - [Synthesis and study of 5-(trialkylsilyl)pyrimidine nucleosides. A new alpha-2' deoxynucleoside with antiherpes activity]. AB - Glycosylation of 5-trimethylsilyl- and 5-triethylsilyluracil as well as 5 trimethylsilylcytosine with 2-deoxy-3,5-di-O-p-toluyl-alpha-D ribofuranosylchloride and subsequent deacylation led to alpha- and beta-anomers of 5-Me3SidUrd, 5-Et3SidUrd and 5-Me3SidCyd. 1-(alpha-D-Arabinofuranosyl)-5 trimethylsilyluracil was synthesized starting from the derivatives of 2,3,5-tri-O benzoyl-D-arabinofuranose and then converted to alpha-5-Me3SidUrd via 1-(2,2' anhydro-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl)-5-trimethylsilyluracil and 1-(2-chloro-2-deoxy alpha-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-trimethylsilyluracil+ ++. Out of all synthesized compounds, only alpha-5-Me3SidUrd inhibits the replication of HSV-1 both in vitro and in vivo; it also exerts a pronounced therapeutic effect in guinea pigs with herpes genitalis induced by HSV-2. The resistance of alpha-5-Me3SidUrd to pyrimidine phosphorylases facilitates its antiviral activity in vivo. PMID- 6543307 TI - [Hydrolysis of the antiemetic alizapride]. AB - First order rate constants of the hydrolysis of N-[(1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl) methyl]-6-methoxy-1H-benzotriazole-5-carboxa mide (alizapride, Vergentan) in acid and alkaline medium were determined. The activation energy observed in alkaline solution was 60.3 kJ X mol-1. The substance was not hydrolized in vitro by esterase, liver homogenate and plasma. PMID- 6543309 TI - Anticonvulsants in epileptic fowl. AB - The high seizure susceptibility in epileptic fowl is an autosomal recessive trait characterized in homozygotes by seizures that occur spontaneously and in response to photic stimulation or hyperthermia. Both of the latter stimuli can be used to evoke seizures in drug studies. Epileptic fowl have abnormal inter-ictal EEG activity. When exposed to photic stimulation spiking is apparent on the EEG at seizure onset. Phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, and valproic acid reduce seizure susceptibility at plasma concentrations approximating those used to control generalized and focal cortical tonic-clonic seizures in humans. Carbamazepine and the benzodiazepines also reduce seizure susceptibility. These data indicate that epileptic fowl provide a useful model for generalized and focal cortical tonic-clonic epilepsies. Ethosuximide was inactive in epileptic fowl. However, trimethadione had anticonvulsant activity indicating that this model is only relatively specific for the above seizure types. When seizures were evoked by hyperthermia phenobarbital but not phenytoin or valproate reduced seizure susceptibility. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), AOAA (amino-oxyacetic acid) and THPO (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c] pyridin-3-ole, a glial specific inhibitor of GABA uptake) all have anticonvulsant activity against seizures evoked by photic stimulation in young chicks. These data indicate that this model may be particularly useful for studies of the anticonvulsant activity of compounds designed to enhance GABAergic transmission. PMID- 6543308 TI - Effect on contractility of skinned fibres from mammalian heart and smooth muscle by a new benzimidazole derivative, 4,5-dihydro-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H benzimidazol-5-yl]-5-methy l-3(2H )- pyridazinone. AB - The positive inotropic drug 4,5-dihydro-6-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-5 yl]methyl-3(2 H)- pyridazinone (UD-CG 115 BS) enhances calcium induced contraction of skinned fibres from cardiac muscle probably by increasing the calcium sensitivity of troponin. Submaximal calcium induced contraction of skinned fibres from a smooth muscle (guinea-pig taenia coli) are slightly inhibited. PMID- 6543310 TI - [The effect of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents on the ultrastructure of chondrocytes in the rat. Electron microscope and morphometric study]. AB - In order to obtain indications regarding the different influences of antiinflammatory drugs on the articular cartilage, the effects of a steroidal drug (dexamethasone) and of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory substances (indometacin and phenylbutazone) on the ultrastructure of the chondrocyte were examined in comparison with tiaprofenic acid (Surgam). Using an equiefficient dosage of the active principles, referred to the ED50 in the model of adjuvant arthritis in the rat, the synthetic apparatus of the chondrocytes was stimulated by tiaprofenic acid while it was diminished by indometacin and phenylbutazone and particularly by dexamethasone. PMID- 6543311 TI - [The percutaneous effect of a heparin-allantoin-dexpanthenol combination in a specific ointment base. Anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory effect in the PCA test in the rat]. AB - Local application of a heparin-allantoin-dexpanthenol (Hepathrombin-Adenylchemie) ointment to rats 15 min prior to induction of a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction inhibits the anaphylactic reaction as compared to the ointment base. Also, the Evans Blue content as a measure for vascular permeability and the oedema weights are reduced under the heparin containing ointment. The antiallergic/antiinflammatory effect is probably due to heparin. PMID- 6543312 TI - [The percutaneous action of a heparin-allantoin-dexpanthenol combination in a specific ointment base. Thrombolytic action on the rabbit ear]. AB - Experimentally induced thrombi of ear veins in albino rabbits have been treated locally with heparin-containing ointments in presence or absence of allantoin and dexpanthenol, the heparin concentration varying. While the ointments, containing heparin only, induce no or only minor thrombolytic activity, the combination ointments Hepathrombin Adenylchemie containing heparin, allantoin and dexpanthenol show significant thrombolytic activity. This effect is dependent upon the heparin concentration, yet, heparin doses above 50 000 IU per 100 g of ointment do not enhance the thrombolysis furthermore. Further, the studies show that the effective components of Hepathrombin do penetrate into and through the skin, allantoin and dexpanthenol being important components of the ointment probably supporting the transdermal penetration of heparin. The studies also demonstrate the only local thrombolytic effect of the Hepathrombin ointments because the thrombus of the right ear, always treated with ointment base only, did not show any change in length as contrasted to that of the left ear of the same animal treated with the Hepathrombin ointments. Mechanisms of the locally by Hepathrombin/heparin induced thrombolysis will be discussed. PMID- 6543313 TI - Report on subacute toxicological studies with dichloromethane in rats and dogs by inhalation. AB - The 90-day inhalation studies, conducted in 1975, showed that for dichloromethane the highest concentration without side effects can be expected just below 5,000 ppm by volume of air (0.5% by vol.) when administered to Beagle dogs. With rats the lowest toxic concentration was just below 10,000 ppm by volume (local tolerance) or above 10,000 ppm by volume (systemic tolerance). Administration took place on 90 consecutive days for 6 h per day. PMID- 6543314 TI - Differences in the production of methemoglobin during high-dose treatment with isosorbide dinitrate or isosorbide 5-mononitrate. AB - 12 patients with coronary heart disease were studied to see whether high doses of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN, Corovliss) or isosorbide 5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN, Ismo) increase the erythrocyte methemoglobin production in an acute experiment and after 4 days of medication. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 (6 patients) was given a single dose of 80 mg ISDN on the morning of day 1 and Group 2 (6 patients) was given 80 mg IS-5-MN as a single oral dose. Under the influence of the IS-5-MN no change was observed from the initial methemoglobin (met-Hb) value (0.81% of the total Hb) at measurements performed 1 and 2 h after the administration of the drug. In Group 1 (ISDN) the initial met-Hb value was 0.58% of the total Hb, a slight increase to 0.70% being observed after 1 h and to 0.77% after 2 h (p less than 0.05). The patients were then treated as follows for a further 4 days: Group 1 480 mg ISDN/d, Group 2 480 mg IS-5-MN/d. On day 5 the initial met-Hb values in both groups were unchanged compared to day 1. The patients were then given first 80 mg ISDN (Group 1) or 80 mg IS-5-MN (Group 2) and 4 h later a single dose of 160 mg of the appropriate substance. In Group 2 (IS-5-MN) the met-Hb content remained unaffected. In Group 1 a slight increase of the met-Hb to 0.79% occurred 1 h after 80 mg ISDN and to 0.9% after 2 h (p less than 0.05). The dose of 160 mg ISDN gave rise to a further slight increase to 1.00% (after 1 h) and 1.13% (after 2 h) (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543315 TI - Relative bioavailability of etofibrate. A comparison of an acute and a new sustained release formulation. AB - The relative bioavailability of 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropionic acid [2 (nicotinyloxy)-ethyl]-ester (etofibrate) from Lipo-Merz retard (500 mg) with respect to Lipo-Merz (600 mg) has been determined in 10 health volunteers in a crossover study. Etofibrate was determined in plasma after hydrolysis to clofibrinic acid. Pharmacokinetic parameters were derived to describe the plasma concentration-time profiles using a minimisation of least squares technique. The absorption was apparently delayed following the sustained release formulation with a longer time to maximum plasma concentration, which was significantly lower following the retard form. No significant differences were found in the mean apparent elimination half-lives nor areas under the plasma concentration-time curves indicating that the two formulations can be considered bioequivalent. PMID- 6543316 TI - [Clinical experimental test and equilibrimetric measurements of the therapeutic action of a homeopathic drug consisting of ambra, cocculus, Conium and mineral oil in the diagnosis of vertigo and nausea]. AB - This paper presents a study by means of a modern neurotological technique for investigating the action and the site of action of an antivertiginous drug. The sensory motor tests are able to discriminate the sites of the lesions in the equilibrium regulating system, i.e., peripheral vestibular system, lower brainstem regulating system, upper brainstem nystagmus generating system and supratentorial system. Acoustic brainstem evoked potentials add information. A sample of 40 vertigo and nausea patients was treated by a combined drug, containing cocculus D4 210 mg, conium D3 30 mg, ambra D6 30 mg, mineral oil D8 30 mg (Vertigo-heel). The patients received 3 tablets 3 times per day during 14 days. An initial investigation was performed just before starting the treatment. A second directly followed the therapy. By subjective self-rating 57.5% of the patients reported on an improvement after the intake of Vertigoheel. Statistical evaluations showed that the different vertigo and nausea symptoms as well as the trigger mechanisms of vertigo and nausea (i.e. getting up, turning the head or gazing aside), highly significantly improved due to the therapy. The objective sensory motor tests showed a highly significant improvement in the monaural caloric butterfly chart as well as in the vestibulospinal head and body sway. The site of the action of Vertigoheel is in the brainstem and the Medulla oblongata, especially the middle longitudinal fascicle (MLF). The localisation in this area can be stressed by the investigation with acoustically brainstem evoked potentials (ABEP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543317 TI - Psychosocial influences on female 'protection' among cynomolgus macaques. AB - We evaluated atherosclerosis (coronary artery, aortic and carotid bifurcation), plasma lipids, and blood pressure in 15 male and 23 female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis). In addition, female social behavior and ovarian function were monitored. The females lived in stable (unmanipulated) or unstable (periodically altered composition) social groups while males lived in stable groupings. All animals were fed for 30 months an atherogenic diet which resulted in moderate hyperlipoproteinemia (median total plasma cholesterol congruent to 275 mg/dl). Socially dominant females had less extensive and severe coronary artery atherosclerosis than males or socially subordinate females; atherosclerosis extent and severity were similar in these latter two groups. Importantly, dominant females also had regular ovarian function and relatively small adrenal glands while subordinate females had impaired ovarian function (increased frequency of anovulatory cycles and luteal phase deficiencies) and relatively large adrenal glands. The dominant and subordinate females did not differ in plasma lipids. These results suggest that female 'protection' from coronary artery atherosclerosis may be influenced as much by behavioral and hormonal characteristics as by plasma lipids. Among other findings, males had more extensive atherosclerotic lesions at the carotid bifurcations than females. In addition, males had lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and higher blood pressures than females. The gender difference in extent of atherosclerosis at the carotid bifurcation was unrelated to social factors or plasma lipids; it may have been due, in part, to the higher blood pressures of the males. PMID- 6543318 TI - [Antineoplastic therapy and urinary enzymes. Preliminary note on the determination of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in patients treated with cisplatin]. AB - We discussed the diagnostic value of urinary enzymes as non invasive test of renal integrity in medicine. Then we assayed the N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) excretion in urines of inpatients receiving cis-platinum, a useful anti cancer but nephrotoxic agent fort the proximal tubule; we used the colorimetric instead of fluorimetric procedure, recently described in detail by Price who tested it on patients with a variety of renal diseases. The results demonstrated the sensibility and the specificity of colorimetric procedure, and therefore we concluded that the assay of urinary NAG activity may be used in the clinical chemistry and toxicology laboratory, because the test is simple to perform. PMID- 6543319 TI - Biological activity of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid derivatives. II. Anilides with antimicrobial activity. AB - A series of 1,3 -bis-anilides of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid was prepared and tested for antibacterial and antifungal activity. The prepared compounds (I XVIII), of general structure (A), (Formula: see text) where Xn = H (I); 2-F (II); 3-F (III); 4-F (IV); 2-Cl (V); 3-Cl (VI); 4-Cl (VII); 2-Br (VIII); 3-Br (IX); 4 Br (X); 2-J (XI); 3-J (XII); 4-J (XIII); 2,5-Cl2 (XIV); 2,4-Br2 (XV); 2,3,4-Cl3 (XVI), 2,4,5-Cl3 (XVII); 2,4,6-Cl3 (XVIII), were investigated for the purpose of determining the effect of halogen-substitution on the aniline rings of (A). All of these compounds were prepared in satisfactory hield by reaction of 4 hydroxyisophthalic acid with the appropriate aromatic amine at 175 degrees for 3 hours. The 1,3-bis-anilides prepared in this investigation were screened for antimicrobial activity by a disk-diffusion assay (Kirby-Bauer modified). The organisms used were laboratory cultures of S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. anthracis, M. paratuberculosis 607, E. coli Bb, S. typhi, S. typhimurium, S. paratyphi B, Pr. vulgaris, Kl. pneumoniae, Ps. aeruginosa, C. albicans, and A. niger. The results of this investigation indicated that most of the 1,3-bis-(halogen anilides) of 4-hydroxyisophthalic acid had little or no antifungal activity "in vitro", while showed significant activity against Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. Some fluoro-derivatives showed inhibitory activity especially toward S. aureus and M. paratuberculosis. Iodo-derivatives showed broad-spectrum "in vitro" antimicrobial activity, and had some antifungal activity. PMID- 6543320 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow and neurological conditions in patients with surgically treated hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage]. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 49 patients with surgically treated hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (putaminal hemorrhage 27: thalamic hemorrhage 22). The hematoma evacuation was performed within 14 days after the hemorrhage. For the measurement of rCBF, the intracarotid xenon-133 injection method was used. Two rCBF studies were performed on all patients, the first giving the resting state of the brain perfusion, the second after Prostaglandin E1 (PGE) administration into the internal carotid artery 10 minute after the first study. (PGE was administered 10 micrograms in 5 minutes.) In all patients blood pressure and arterial carbon dioxide tension were examined before and after each CBF study. The evaluation was made by comparing the rCBF maps obtained before and after PGE administration. (A rate of rCBF increase was calculated by dividing each rCBF value obtained after PGE administration by each rCBF value obtained before PGE administration (control value), and the ratio was multiplied by 100.) The PGE-induced reaction patterns were divided into four; the first is the diffuse increase pattern, characterized by a diffuse increase of rCBF values in the hematoma-evacuated area and the surrounding brain; the second is the diffuse decrease pattern, characterized by a global decrease of rCBF values in the hematoma-evacuated area and the surrounding brain; the third is the pattern of intracerebral steal effect, characterized by a decrease of rCBF in the hematoma-evacuated area and an increase of rCBF values in the surrounding brain; and the fourth is the pattern of inverse cerebral steal effect, characterized by an increase of rCBF in the hematoma-evacuated area and a decrease of rCBF in the surrounding brain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543321 TI - Isolation of a protein fraction that binds preferentially to chicken middle repetitive DNA. AB - We have fractionated oviduct tissue extracts by using a combination of ion exchange and DNA-Sephadex chromatography. By comparing the electrophoretic patterns of proteins eluted from competing specific and nonspecific DNA columns, we isolated a fraction which bound with specificity to columns containing the chicken middle repetitive sequence "CR1". This fraction showed a clear preference for binding to separate, cloned CR1 fragments derived from either the 5' or the 3' transition region of the ovalbumin gene domain when examined by using nitrocellulose filter binding assays. To localize the protein binding site, a CR1 clone was digested with various restriction enzymes, and the resulting fragments were examined for preferential protein binding. Results suggest that the binding site lies within a 39-nucleotide sequence which is highly conserved among different CR1 elements. This finding represents the first isolation of a protein which demonstrates a preference for binding to a middle repetitive sequence and suggests that this interaction may have a biological role. The DNA column competition adsorption method should have general application to the isolation of other gene-regulating proteins possessing DNA sequence preference. PMID- 6543322 TI - Quantitative analysis of the effect of Acanthamoeba profilin on actin filament nucleation and elongation. AB - The current view of the mechanism of action of Acanthamoeba profilin is that it binds to actin monomers, forming a complex that cannot polymerize [Tobacman, L. S., & Korn, E. D. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4166-4170; Tseng, P., & Pollard, T. D. (1982) J. Cell Biol. 94, 213-218; Tobacman, L. S., Brenner, S. L., & Korn, E. D. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8806-8812]. This simple model fails to predict two new experimental observations made with Acanthamoeba actin in 50 mM KC1, 1 mM MgCl2, and 1 mM EGTA. First, Acanthamoeba profilin inhibits elongation of actin filaments far more at the pointed end than at the barbed end. According, to the simple model, the Kd for the profilin-actin complex is less than 5 microM on the basis of observations at the pointed end and greater than 50 microM for the barbed end. Second, profilin inhibits nucleation more strongly than elongation. According to the simple model, the Kd for the profilin-actin complex is 60-140 microM on the basis of two assays of elongation but 2-10 microM on the basis of polymerization kinetics that reflect nucleation. These new findings can be explained by a new and more complex model for the mechanism of action that is related to a proposal of Tilney and co-workers [Tilney, L. G., Bonder, E. M., Coluccio, L. M., & Mooseker, M. S. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 97, 113-124]. In this model, profilin can bind both to actin monomers with a Kd of about 5 microM and to the barbed end of actin filaments with a Kd of about 50-100 microM. An actin monomer bound to profilin cannot participate in nucleation or add to the pointed end of an actin filament. It can add to the barbed end of a filament. When profilin is bound to the barbed end of a filament, actin monomers cannot bind to that end, but the terminal actin protomer can dissociate at the usual rate. This model includes two different Kd's--one for profilin bound to actin monomers and one for profilin bound to an actin molecule at the barbed end of a filament. The affinity for the end of the filament is lower by a factor of 10 than the affinity for the monomer, presumably due to the difference in the conformation of the two forms of actin or to steric constraints at the end of the filament. PMID- 6543323 TI - Human erythrocyte hexose transporter activity is governed by bilayer lipid composition in reconstituted vesicles. AB - Purified membrane protein band 4.5 (a sugar transport protein) from human erythrocytes was reconstituted by reverse-phase evaporation into a variety of bilayers formed from the synthetic lecithins. The number of proteins reconstituted was estimated by determination of D-glucose-sensitive cytochalasin B binding sites. D-Glucose transport activity in reconstituted vesicles was assessed by monitoring cytochalasin B sensitive D-glucose fluxes using microturbidimetric analysis. The major points are as follows: The sugar transport activity of the reconstituted system is directly proportional to the number of cytochalasin B binding sites reconstituted. The ratio of cytochalasin B binding sites per band 4.5 protein is 0.8. These data suggest that the functional protein unit is a monomer. Inhibitor studies of reconstituted hexose transfer support the notion that the kinetics of reconstituted transport are intrinsically symmetric. The turnover number for transport is not consistent with transport proceeding via water-filled pores. The absolute activity of the reconstituted system (Vmax per reconstituted cytochalasin B binding protein) is governed by the bulk lipid composition of the synthetic membrane. At temperatures where bilayers formed from dimyristoyl- or dipalmitoyllecithin (DML and DPL, respectively) are "crystalline", hexose transport activity is not observed. Over the same temperature range, however, crystalline bilayers formed from the longer chain lecithins, distearoyl-, diarachidonoyl-, and dielaidoyllecithin (DSL, DAL, and DEL, respectively), support significant protein-mediated transport activity. In a given synthetic membrane, the bilayer transition from the liquid-crystalline to the fluid state results in increased protein-mediated sugar transport activity. In the one synthetic membrane (DEL) in which the activation energy (Ea) for transport could be measured both above and below the bilayer phase transition, Ea was unaffected by the phase change. Ea and the Arrhenius constant (A) for transport are dependent on lecithin acyl chain length and saturation. For both parameters, the order of increase is DML less than DPL = dipalmitoleoyllecithin (DPOL) less than DSL less than DAL less than DEL = dioleoyllecithin (DOL). This means that at 59-60 degrees C, the order of catalytic activity follows the lipid sequence DML less than DPOL less than DAL less than DOL much less than DPL = DEL less than DSL. Cholesterol (48 mol%) restores protein-mediated transport activity to crystalline DPL bilayers and reduces the activity supported by fluid DPL bilayers. This effect is not simply related to the effects of cholesterol on the bilayer partial specific volume. T PMID- 6543324 TI - Measurement of 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D: importance of the configuration of the C 25 hydroxyl group. AB - 25,26-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [25,26(OH)2D3] is chemically synthesized as two stereoisomers: 25(R),26(OH)2D3 and 25(S),26(OH)2D3. Both the R and S configurations have been claimed to be the natural form. Previous studies, however, have not considered the possibility that the stereochemical configuration of the C-25 hydroxyl group could affect the binding of 25,26(OH)2D3 to the rat serum binding protein used in assays for the measurement of this metabolite. In our study, a 50% displacement of radiolabeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 ([3H]25OHD3) from its initial binding is achieved with 325 fmol/mL 25(R),26(OH)2D3 and 850-1000 fmol/mL 25(S),26(OH)2D3--a difference in potency of approximately 3-fold. The potency of the R isomer in displacing [3H]25OHD3 was similar to that of 25OHD3 or 24(R),25(OH)2D3. When 25,26(OH)2D levels were measured in 12 normal subjects with both the R isomer and the S isomer as standards, the results were 625 +/- 360 fmol/mL 25(R),26(OH)2D3 equiv and 1800 +/ 1130 fmol/mL 25(S),26(OH)2D3 equiv. To determine which stereoisomer is biosynthesized, two types of experiments were performed. In the first, radiolabeled 25,26(OH)2D3 was biosynthesized from [3H]25OHD3 by using chick renal mitochondria and compared to [3H]25OHD3 as a ligand in the rat serum binding protein assay, which was used to measure 25OHD3, 25(R),26(OH)2D3, and 25(S),26(OH)2D3. Initial binding of radiolabeled 25OHD3 and 25,26(OH)2D3 to the binding protein was comparable, as was their displacement by the nonradioactive metabolites, indicating that chick renal mitochondria produce primarily 25(R),26(OH)2D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543325 TI - Metabolic and behavioral consequences of lidocaine-kindled seizures. AB - Daily administration of lidocaine results in progressive increases in frequency and duration of convulsions in response to a dose of drug which was previously subconvulsive--a pharmacological kindling phenomenon. The effects of such lidocaine-kindling on local cerebral glucose utilization were determined by the 2 [14C]deoxyglucose method. Lidocaine-treated animals, in the absence of convulsions, exhibited decreased glucose utilization in most brain structures compared to saline-treated animals and showed no increase in aggressive behavior. In animals displaying lidocaine-kindled convulsions there were marked increases in glucose utilization in either the hippocampus and amygdala or in perirhinal cortical areas during the seizure administration; these animals also displayed long-lasting increases in irritable behavior. Seizure duration was positively correlated with the rate of glucose utilization in the hippocampus, amygdala and septum, but inversely correlated in several non-limbic areas. These data suggest that lidocaine-kindled seizures are highly localized to limbic and perirhinal structures and are associated with important behavioral consequences. PMID- 6543326 TI - [Anesthesia in cases of obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6543327 TI - [Diagnosis of obstructive cardiomyopathy and management of anesthesia]. PMID- 6543328 TI - [Obstructive cardiomyopathy manifested by ventricular tachycardia and collapse following the induction of anesthesia]. PMID- 6543329 TI - [Separation of the virotoxins of the mushroom Amanita virosa and comparative study of their interaction on actin in vitro]. AB - Cyclic peptides have been extracted with methanol from Amanita virosa and separated by preparative HPLC. Six peptides were obtained: phalloidin and five new peptides recently identified by Faulstich as virotoxins. We have compared the interaction of these six peptides with actin in vitro. They increased the rate of polymerization of actin and protected F-actin against several denaturating agents: proteases, heat, chaotropic ions, cytochalasin B, and DNAse I. The five virotoxins have therefore the same biological properties as phalloidin. However, the differential spectra of interaction between actin and the five virotoxins are different than the differential spectra between actin and phalloidin, thus it appears that the molecular interaction of actin with virotoxins is different than with phalloidin. The five virotoxins have the same activity. Although these virotoxins have different functional groups on amino acids 1 and 7, it is concluded that these two amino acids are of minor importance in the interaction of these peptides with actin. PMID- 6543330 TI - Prostaglandin E1 increases myocardial contractility in the conscious dog. AB - The systemic and inotropic properties of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) were investigated in 20 unanesthetized dogs. Pairs of ultrasonic dimension gauges and a micromanometer were implanted in the subendocardium and the apex of the left ventricle (LV), respectively. Seven to ten days later, increasing doses of PGE1 were infused into the left atrium. To appreciate the inotropic effects of the agent, the heart rate was maintained constant at 150 beats/min in a subgroup of dogs while preload was modified by bleeding or saline infusion over matched ranges of end-diastolic segmental length (EDL) during placebo and PGE1 infusions (0.25 microgram . kg-1 . min-1). LV function curves (delta L: systolic segmental shortening versus EDL) were plotted. Increasing doses of PGE1 above 0.031 microgram . kg-1 . min-1 brought a progressive decrease of left ventricular end diastolic pressure, EDL, delta L, and peak left ventricular systolic pressure. The heart rate increased significantly at dosages from 0.063 to 0.125 microgram . kg-1 . min-1, and peak positive dP/dt after an initial increase fell at the dose of 0.5 microgram . kg-1 . min-1. The LV function curves invariably showed a shift to the left when PGE1 was administered; as the basal EDL was restored during PGE1 infusion, delta L reached a 33% increase (p less than 0.001). Thus, in addition to its potent vasodilating properties that are more prominent on preload than afterload, PGE1 increases myocardial contractility in the conscious dog. PMID- 6543331 TI - Sialic acid-deficient serum and cerebrospinal fluid transferrin in a newly recognized genetic syndrome. AB - Identical twin-sisters with evidence of a demyelinating disease showed multiple serum glycoprotein abnormalities. The association of a low serum iron level and a normal blood haemoglobin suggested an abnormality of transferrin too. This was confirmed by finding a sialic acid-deficiency of this glycoprotein in serum as well as in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6543332 TI - Circadian rhythms in human performance efficiency under free-running conditions. AB - A series of four experiments is described in which two men and two women (age range 22-79 years) were allowed to 'free-run' under conditions of isolation from all time cues. The circadian rhythms of performance efficiency were studied for three tasks: serial search, verbal reasoning, and manual dexterity (left and right hand versions). Strong evidence was obtained to suggest that different tasks are under the control of different circadian oscillators. The circadian rhythm in verbal reasoning performance tends to run at a shorter circadian period than that in more simple repetitive tasks, and slight differences in circadian behavior can occur between left- and right-handed dexterity. PMID- 6543333 TI - [Diurnal rhythm of prolactin secretion after excessive intake of alcohol]. PMID- 6543334 TI - [Effect of emotional stress on thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels in the plasma of sheep]. PMID- 6543335 TI - The effect of forskolin on smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig taenia caeci. AB - Forskolin (0.5-10 microM) caused hyperpolarization and relaxation of the smooth muscle cells of guinea-pig taenia caeci (35 degrees C) as measured with the sucrose-gap method. Membrane conductance, reflected by the amplitude of the electrotonic potential, was not changed during the response. The hyperpolarization could also be evoked in the absence of extracellular calcium, calcium and potassium, or calcium and sodium. Further, the 45Ca2+ efflux from taenia caeci was enhanced by forskolin. The results support the concept that calcium extrusion across the plasma membrane is promoted in the presence of forskolin by stimulation of electrogenic calcium pumping. PMID- 6543336 TI - Localization of [3H]forskolin binding sites in the rat brain using quantitative autoradiography. PMID- 6543337 TI - Activation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine, GTP, NaF and forskolin in striatal membranes of neonatal, adult and senescent rats. AB - Dopamine (DA) caused a significant activation of striatal adenylate cyclase in neonatal and adult but not in senescent rats. GTP activated cyclase at the adult stage but not at both neonatal and senescent stages. NaF and forskolin activated cyclase at every stage. The coupling mechanism between DA1 receptors and catalytic units of cyclase seems to become functional at the neonatal stage but GTP recognition and/or binding sites lack in stimulatory GTP binding protein in neonatal and senescent membranes. PMID- 6543338 TI - Influence of age on the carotid bodies of spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats. I. Arterial blood supply. AB - In normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) of a random-bred strain and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the OKAMOTO-AOKI-strain origin, course, and histological features of the carotid body arteries were examined. The studies were carried out in animals aging 3 d up to 70 weeks using serial sections and light microscopic methods. In both strains of animals the single carotid body was supplied by only one artery. In the NWR the glomic artery originated in nearly equal numbers from the occipital and the external carotid artery usually far distally from the carotid bifurcation. In the SHR in most cases the glomic artery arose from the external carotid artery near the carotid bifurcation and only seldom also from the occipital artery. In both strains of rats only in a few cases the carotid body artery originated from the internal carotid artery. In the normotensive animals in all age-groups at the origin of the glomic artery almost regularly intra-arterial, circular cushions were found. In contrast, in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) these cushions were often not demonstrable or flat and dumpy. In such cases the origin of the carotid body artery looked funnelled. The functional meaning of these structures as well as the influence of systemic arterial hypertension on them is briefly discussed. PMID- 6543339 TI - Enzyme histochemical studies on transplantable pancreatic adenocarcinomas in Syrian golden hamsters. AB - Transplantable pancreatic adenocarcinomas were established in subcutaneous tissue of Syrian golden hamsters and examined by enzyme histochemistry. The original tumors were found at week 40 after subcutaneous injection of N-nitrosobis(2 hydroxypropyl)amine (DHPN) at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight once a week for the first 20 weeks of the experiment. They were well differentiated adenocarcinomas and their histology was not changed by serial transfer for 18 generations. Their transplantability was 67 to 100% and their average doubling time was 4.1 +/- 0.82 d. The enzymes gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), and acid phosphatase (ACPase) were examined in tumor cells at the 14th and 15th generations and in ductal cells and acinar cells of normal pancreas of hamsters. Increased GGT activity was found in the tumor cells, and a strongly positive reaction was observed in acinar cells but not ductal cells of normal pancreas. LDH and SDH were found in the tumor cells, acinar cells and ductal cells. No ALPase was detected in the tumor cells, acinar cells, or ductal cells. ACPase was found in acinar cells and ductal cells, but not in the tumor cells. PMID- 6543340 TI - Carcinogenic effects of 3-di(hydroxymethyl)-amino-6-(5-nitro-2-furylethenyl) 1,2,4-triazine in the small intestine of Ishibashi and Wistar rats. AB - The carcinogenic effect of an oral administration of 3-di(hydroxymethyl)-amino-6 (5-nitro-2-furylethenyl)-1,2,4-triazin e (DHNT) was studied in two strains of rats. Ishibashi (IS) rats have a perpetual absorption disturbance while Wistar Imamichi (WI) rats have no such disturbance. Small intestinal carcinomas developed in 10 out of 15 (66.7%) IS rats and in all 8 (100%) Wistar rats given 3,500 ppm DHNT for 43 weeks. The total number of lesions in the small intestine was 24 in IS rats and 21 in WI rats. Histologically, the lesions consisted of 7 mucosal dysplasias, 4 adenomas and 12 tubular and 1 papillary adenocarcinoma in IS rats, and 3 mucosal dysplasias, 1 adenomas, and 15 tubular and 2 papillary adenocarcinomas in WI rats. The levels of plasma leucine aminopeptidase, copper and total protein were lower, while blood urea nitrogen was higher in both strains of rats given DHNT than in control rats. PMID- 6543341 TI - Mechanisms causing the death of 8 calves surviving with implanted artificial heart from 31 to 173 days. AB - Causes of the death of four animals from the total of eight were technical failures (diaphragm perforations, disconnection of the quick-connector, and a failure of the supply of electric current which could not be prevented). Causes of the death of the remaining four animals were embolisation in the brain stem, embolisation in the superior mesenteric artery leading to diffuse peritonitis, ruptures of aorta and hemocoagulation disorder causing fatal gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6543342 TI - Experimental brain tumors and edema in rats. III. Peritumorous edema. AB - In rats experimental brain tumors were produced by intracerebral implantation of a glioma cell clone. Peritumorous edema was investigated by light and electron microscopy, using exogenous tracers [human serum albumin (HSA), horseradish peroxidase] and immuno-histochemical methods for localization of endogenous serum proteins. An infiltration by serum proteins was observed in peritumoral grey and white matter. Peroxidase was found in pinocytotic vesicles of vascular endothelial cells, in pericytes and diffusely in the extracellular space. High concentrations of endogenous rat serum proteins and exogenous human serum albumin were also found in neurons of the grey matter and in oligodendrocytes of the white matter. A cellular uptake of extravasated proteins, therefore, may contribute to edema resolution. PMID- 6543343 TI - Age-related differences in nephrotoxicity of cadmium. AB - Nephrotoxic effects can be quantified by measurement of renal excretion of p amino-hippurate (PAH). Intraperitoneal administration of cadmium in increasing single doses to adult rats is followed by a biphasic effect on renal PAH excretion. Administration of low doses (250 or 500 micrograms/100 g b.wt. CdCl2) results in a significant increase whereas a single dose of 750 micrograms/100 g b.wt. CdCl2 is followed by a distinct diminution of renal PAH excretion. Repeated administrations of 500 micrograms/100 g b.wt. CdCl2 for 2 or 3 consecutive days result in a marked reduction of PAH excretion which is reversible 5 or 6 d following administration. In juvenile rats cadmium does not produce any statistically significant alteration in renal PAH excretion, likely caused by the immaturity of renal tubular transport processes. PMID- 6543344 TI - Stimulation of wound healing, using brain extract with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity. III. Electron microscopy, autoradiography, and ultrastructural autoradiography of granulation tissue. AB - A bovine brain fraction with FGF activity (fibroblast growth factor) increased the formation of granulation tissue of rats in an experimental wound healing model. It was characterised by intensified formation of new capillaries, stimulation of the synthesis function of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, and proliferation of freshly developed granulation tissue. The results obtained from light microscopy and autoradiographic electron microscopy with 3H-thymidine suggested significant increase in the labelling of activated, undifferentiated endothelial cells in vascular sprouts and of differentiated endothelial cells in developed capillaries. FGF S3 appeared to speed up the differentiation of freshly formed endothelial cells. Also labelled were pericytes and other fibroblastoid cells, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, juvenile undifferentiated fibroblasts, mature fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and macrophages. Pericytes are presumed to be preferential precursors of myofibroblasts, on account of their occurrence in time and similar ultrastructural parameters. Close neighbourhood of lymphocytes and labelled fibroblasts gave rise to the assumption of specific effects, such as stimulation by lymphokines. PMID- 6543345 TI - Mitochondrial changes in chronic alcoholism. PMID- 6543346 TI - New hexahydro[1,4]diazepine-7H-5,7-diones with potential neurotropic activity. AB - Fourteen new derivatives of hexahydro[1,4]diazepine-7H-5,7-dione were synthesized and tested for neurotropic activity. Some of them showed strong analgesic activity in the hot plate test. PMID- 6543347 TI - Specificity of the rat hepatocyte monosaccharide transporter. AB - The effect of a number of hexoses and pentoses on 3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport into isolated hepatocytes is reported. The hexoses tested inhibited transport in a competitive manner, with Ki values ranging from 80 to 190 mM. No significant inhibition was seen with either D-ribose or D-arabinose. PMID- 6543348 TI - The role of contractile filaments in secretion. PMID- 6543349 TI - Involvement of the cortical actin filament network of neutrophil leucocytes during phagocytosis. PMID- 6543350 TI - Screening blood glucose values: effects of season and time of day. AB - Blood glucose screening results, obtained using two different screening procedures, are reported from two occupational groups. Post-prandial blood glucose levels were measured in 3346 subjects aged 45 years or more employed by the Greater London Council/Inner London Education Authority. In women, mean blood glucose levels were higher in the afternoon than the morning (p less than 0.05). Ninety-fifth centile levels were substantially higher in the afternoon in both sexes, though the differences were not constant in all age and sex sub-groups. In both sexes mean glucose levels were highest in the winter (December-February, inclusive), but seasonal variation did not significantly affect the proportion exceeding the ninety-fifth centile for the total population. In the Whitehall study, the blood glucose was measured in men, in the morning, 2h after a 50-g glucose load. Significant seasonal variation in mean blood glucose values occurred, with highest values in winter and lowest in spring (March-May, inclusive). However, there was no significant difference by season in the proportions exceeding the arbitrary cut-off levels of 7.8 and 11.1 mmol/l. PMID- 6543351 TI - Maternal concerns--a concern of family physicians? PMID- 6543352 TI - Factor analysis as a tool in community diagnosis. AB - For the family physician, community diagnosis can be likened to individual diagnosis by the application of methods of information acquisition and analysis. This paper describes the technique of factor analysis, applied to data from an urban inner-city area, for reducing a multitude of factors to a manageable number without an appreciable loss of information. The variables were selected from four broad categories which have been shown to influence both health states and health care needs: demography, socioeconomics, social disorganization and morbidity/mortality. A correlation matrix based on 40 of the most accessible indices served as input for a principal axes factor analysis. Six factors accounted for 74% of the total variance and were interpreted as: 'Poverty and social disorganization', 'Distribution and problems of the elderly', 'Ethnic composition', 'Fertility', 'Infant mortality' and 'Foetal mortality'. Representative indices from each factor were then mapped to identify and display census tract differences. Finally, the application of the factors to a specific community illustrated important differences within the community and identified areas of high risk and need. PMID- 6543353 TI - [Results of polychemotherapy in adult patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6543354 TI - [Endometriosis in adolescence]. PMID- 6543355 TI - [Autoantibodies to cytoskeleton in autoimmune disease]. PMID- 6543356 TI - [Studies on the sensitivity test of anticancer agents with special reference to double layer colony forming assay]. AB - The necessity to assess the effect of chemotherapeutic agents on the patients beforehand treatment has been stressed. In 1977, Salmon & Hamburger developed a new method to evaluate the drug sensitivity using cell suspension derived from the patients. They called the method as "human tumor stem cell assay". Since then, many reports were published about the correlation between the clinical outcomes and the results of human tumor stem cell assay, and high relationship between them was documented. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the method using the modified system; double layer colony forming assay, cell growth curve, tritiated thymidine uptake and flow cytometry. The drugs used in this study were adriamycin (ADR) and cis-platinum (C-DDP). We chose the human small cell lung cancer cell line PC-6 as a target cell. The conclusions are follows. The effects of ADR and C-DDP were concentration dependent respectively. The time dependent effect of C-DDP on PC-6 was revealed by enhancement of lethal effect, when they were exposed to the drug for 24 hours. A possibility exists that reproductive death would take place among PC-6 by ADR, along with DNA injury. It is one of the explanations for reduction of colony formation in contrast to increase in cell number. The effect of C-DDP on PC-6 was diminished with time. This phenomenon was reflected on double layer colony forming assay, and was possible explanation for reduction of colony formation which was greater than that of expected from cell growth curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543357 TI - The drug addict and the stigma of addiction. AB - Two hundred and fifty-six respondents from a small, upper-midwestern college town answered a questionnaire designed to assess their first impression images of the term "drug addict." The results indicated that the overwhelming image was of a disoriented, unhealthy, thin, low-class, male "hippie" with behavioral and skin problems who suffered from a disease. Only 11% of the responses described the condition as a crime. This study is compared with a previous, similar study of the first impression of the term "alcoholic," and suggestions are provided to explain the categorization of the conditions as disease states. PMID- 6543358 TI - Decreased biological activity of serum thymic hormone (thymulin) in children with nephrotic syndrome. AB - In 36 children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) a significant decrease of their serum levels of the thymic-hormone--thymulin--was found, in parallel with a diminution of their mean blood zinc levels as compared to 33 control children. The serum level of thymulin normalized after the in vitro addition of ZnCl2. Similar results have previously been reported in mice subjected to a long term zinc deficient diet. It can therefore be assumed that the decreased biological activity of the thymic hormone noted in NS is secondary to a low serum zinc level. These data could explain certain anomalies of T lymphocytes described in childhood NS. PMID- 6543359 TI - Active and passive forearm flexor tension patterns in the continuous perceptual motor task paradigm: the significance of motivation. AB - The psychophysiology of skeletal muscle tension patterns during goal-directed behavior was investigated by using the continuous perceptual-motor task paradigm. Subjects were recruited to form serious-minded and playful extreme groups according to their responses to the Telic Dominance Scale (10 subjects in each group). They all performed a continuous perceptual-motor task 5 times at a 'slow' speed followed by a final 'fast' task. All performance periods lasted for 150 s. Measures of passive (tonic) and active (phasic) forearm flexor EMG activity were derived. It was concluded that serious-mindedness was significant to a tonic build-up of tension in the passive forearm flexor over the course of task performance. In contrast, the playful state was associated with high phasic response amplitudes in the active forearm flexor contingent upon changing the position of the joy-stick. Training moderated the range of state-specific EMG activation. State measures confirmed that the subjects maintained their state dominance during task performance. Error-scores and scores on felt level of arousal did not discriminate between the groups. PMID- 6543360 TI - Are there sex differences in averaged evoked responses produced by coupling sound and light in children and adults? AB - Averaged evoked response (AER) amplitudes have been reported to be larger in women than in men. The aim of this study was to determine whether AER changes produced by coupling sound and light differed between males and females (adults and children). Given the 3:1 male-female ratio in early infantile autism, we reasoned that information about sex-related differences in normal subjects might be important in interpreting the results in autism. We observed the characteristic AER changes when coupling sound and light: increased response amplitude over the occiput for both adults and children, decreased response amplitude over the vertex for adults and N1 decreased and P2 increased response amplitude over the vertex for children. Differences appeared as a function of sex in adults: the number and the amplitudes of AERs recorded in women were greater than in men with the exception of the P2 peak recorded over the occiput which was similar for males and females. The sex-related differences observed in the number and amplitudes of AERs are reduced when coupling sound and light. PMID- 6543361 TI - Heart rate discrimination and heart rate control: a test of Brener's theory. AB - Three experiments were conducted to examine predictions from Brener's theory regarding the relationship between autonomic discrimination and autonomic control. Experiment 1 examined the possibility that training subjects to discriminate their heart rates would enhance their skill at controlling that response. Twenty subjects participated in two sessions during which one group of 10 subjects received training (knowledge of results) on the Ashton discrimination technique. The second group performed the discrimination task but received no training. All subjects then took part in a third session of heart rate (HR) control (both increase and decrease) where half of each of the aforementioned groups received feedback during the control task, while the other half performed the HR control task without feedback. Results indicated that for the control of both HR increases and decreases, there was no significant difference between those subjects trained to discriminate their HR, and those who had received no training to discriminate HR. The second experiment investigated the hypothesis that training subjects with feedback to control their HR would enhance their capacity to discriminate their heart activity. Ten subjects participated in two sessions of HR control during which half the subjects received feedback training to increase HR. During a third session, all subjects underwent a test of discrimination ability using the Ashton technique, and no knowledge of results regarding performance was provided. Results confirmed the hypothesis. The final experiment in the series investigated the discrimination/control relationship within a problem-solving framework and used 20 subjects. Results confirmed the hypothesis that subjects forewarned at the time of discrimination training that a heart rate control task was to follow would perform better than 10 subjects receiving no forewarning of the task objective. This effect took place independently of cardiac discrimination ability. A second finding from this experiment was that subjects trained to discriminate heart rate were better able to increase heart rate than untrained subjects. This result contradicts that of Experiment 1, and reasons for this anomaly are discussed in detail. PMID- 6543362 TI - Proceedings of the second international conference of the International Organization of Psychophysiology. London, U.K., July 16th-19th, 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6543363 TI - Penetration of bilirubin into the brain in albumin-deficient and jaundiced rats (AJR) and Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR). AB - An albumin-deficient and jaundiced strain of rats (AJR) was established by crossing Nagase analbuminemic rats (NAR) with jaundiced Gunn rats. AJR have no serum albumin and die with kernicterus within 3 weeks after birth. Their serum bilirubin level was 25 per cent (20 micrograms/ml) of that of Gunn rats at 1-2 weeks of age, while their brain bilirubin content was 1.2-2.7 times (4-5 micrograms/g brain) that of Gunn rats. Binding of bilirubin to NAR plasma proteins was examined. The bilirubin binding protein in NAR plasma was found to be lipoprotein, showing an association constant of 6.7 X 10(6) M-1. Bilirubin transport into the brain of postnatal NAR was investigated by intravenous infusion of bilirubin with taurocholate. The brain bilirubin level of NAR infused with free bilirubin was 1.6 times that of normal rats. In NAR, the brain level on infusion of lipoprotein-bound bilirubin was similar to that on infusion of free bilirubin, but albumin-bound bilirubin scarcely entered the brain. These findings suggest that lipoprotein-bound bilirubin can diffuse across the blood-brain barrier into the brain. PMID- 6543365 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 6 mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine riboside and 6-thioguanosine in biological fluids. PMID- 6543366 TI - [Medullary compression due to vertebral angioma in pregnancy. A case treated by embolization]. AB - A previously healthy 24 year old woman presented a progressive paraplegia during the third trimester of her second pregnancy. Partial improvement occurred after caesarian. The neuroradiological study revealed spinal cord compression by an extensive corporeo-pedicular angioma of the T2 vertebrae. Almost total recovery occurred after selective embolization. The occurrence of neurological complications of vertebral angiomas during pregnancy is rarely reported in the literature. Mechanisms of the spinal cord compression and their relations with the pregnancy are discussed and difficulties for diagnosis and treatment are emphasized. When technically possible, the embolization appears to be the most adapted treatment, especially for these extensive types of vertebral angioma. PMID- 6543364 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic studies of environmental carcinogens in China. AB - A review of high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) studies of environmental carcinogens in China is presented, including the HPLC analysis of the ubiquitous polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and of nitro-substituted PAHs and aflatoxins. Some results of applying these methods to air particulates, emissions, smoke from coal combustion and water and to the inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene metabolism are reported. PMID- 6543367 TI - [Should one operate on bifocal tubal lesions in 1984? Apropos of 54 cases]. AB - We have analysed 54 cases where the patients had two lesions in the tubes and were treated with microsurgery. The results of histological examinations show that chronic salpingitis in the major lesion. Infection was the aetiological cause in 76% of the cases. The results of microsurgical treatment are poor with a low rate of intra-uterine pregnancy: [19.4% (0.08-0.42) at 24-30 months for pregnancies that were continuing and for abortions, 11.7% (0.04-0.33) at 24-30 months using actuarial techniques for estimating pregnancies that were continuing]. There was a high risk of extra-uterine pregnancy [35% (0.18-0.58) at 24-30 months]. These results make us wonder whether microsurgery or in vitro fertilisation should be the treatment of preference in these cases where the tubes are affected in two areas. PMID- 6543368 TI - [A new prostaglandin E1 analog in late interruption of pregnancy, in utero deaths and very premature ruptures of the membranes. Apropos of 117 cases]. AB - The authors have used suppositories containing 1 mg of an analogue of PGE1 in 117 cases. The indication was fetal abnormality or fetal disease in 85 cases, fetal death in utero in 24 cases and very premature rupture of the membranes in 8 cases. The pessaries have a number of advantages over the techniques that were employed previously; intra-amniotic injection and intra-cervical perfusion of PGF2. The method is very efficacious: 98.3% successes. There was no failure in the series of intra-uterine fetal deaths. Placing the pessaries in the posterior vaginal fornix is easy and the technique does not consist of any manipulation. Not having to put any laminary tents in and no early rupture of the membranes has made it possible to avoid infection except in 1.7% of cases. The incidence of heavy bleeding was exceptionally low: 0.8%. As far as the dangers of rupture of the uterus or of tears in the cervix, this was minimal. Picking cases for correct indications, using doses adapted to each patient and careful observation by a team who are used to dealing with terminations of pregnancy and their techniques should lower the risk. The time spent in hospital is lessened: on an average 3 days. The fetus that is expelled is never macerated, which is important in order to be able to find out all the facts necessary to give good genetic counselling to a couple who have been profoundly traumatised.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543369 TI - [For an improvement in the quality of fetal-infantile mortality statistics]. PMID- 6543370 TI - Blood pressure in four and five-year-old children: the effects of environment and other factors in it's measurement--the Brompton study. AB - Systolic blood pressure was measured on a total of 1855 occasions in 1307 children aged four and five years, and compared with values obtained since birth in the same children. There was a rapid rise in blood pressure in the first month of life. The mean blood pressure then only rose from 93 mmHg at six months to 98 mmHg at five years. The 95th percentile was 113 to 114 mmHg over this period. In children aged four and five years, over the ranges studied, blood pressure was not importantly affected by place of measurement, time of day, time since previous meal, or ambient temperature. However, blood pressure was approximately 1.6 mmHg higher in winter than in summer (P less than 0.01). Nevertheless, it is unlikely that these factors are of significance when making clinical measurements. Blood pressure was correlated with weight at all ages. Between the ages of four and five years, the index, weight/height 1.70 was the best function of adiposity tested that was independent of age between four and five years. It is suggested that this or the Quetelet Index (weight/height2) are suitable indices for adjusting blood pressure for body build in children aged four and five years. PMID- 6543371 TI - [The striated sphincter of the urethra. 1: Recall of knowledge on the striated sphincter of the urethra]. AB - The first part of this report is devoted to the anatomy, nerve supply, and physiology of the striated sphincter, three subjects which greatly aroused a great deal of controversies. The conclusions of the authors are as follows. The striated sphincter of the urethra is a muscle of the perineum, arising from the cloacal sphincter. The deep transverse, bulbo-cavernous, anal sphincter, ischio cavernous and superficial transverse muscles have the same embryological origin and together with the sphincter of the urethra form the accessory pelvic diaphragm. The embryological origin of the levator ani muscles is different. These arise from the caudal muscles and form the principal pelvic diaphragm. The striated sphincter of the urethra is unequally distributed in the male and female fetus. According to our anatomical concept, the urethral sphincter includes two structures: the para-urethral sphincter and the peri-urethral sphincter. The para urethral sphincter form an integral part of the urethra and is distributed principally along the membranous part of urethra but extends approximately to the bladder neck and distally under the perineum aponeurosis. In the adult as in the fetus, the para-urethral striated sphincter is unequally distributed along the urethra, according to sex. In the male, it surrounds the membranous urethra and is absent from the posterior face of the prostatic urethra. By contrast, in the female, the sphincter surrounds the proximal third of the urethra and the rings are incomplete on the distal third. The peri-urethral striated sphincter includes the other muscles of the perineum and of the principal pelvic diaphragm. These two structures differ from a microscopic stand point; the para-urethral striated sphincter contains only narrow calibre slow fibers, with the absence of the neuro muscular spindles. By contrast, the peri-urethral sphincter consists of slow and rapid fibers and contains neuro-muscular spindles. The nerve supply of the peri urethral striated sphincter is insured by internal pudendal nerves. The para urethral striated sphincter is supplied in great part of the same internal pudendal nerves arising from neurones situated in the nucleus of Onuf. However, the pelvic nerves may contain a group of accessory fibers from the same origin. There is no proof available as to the role played by the sympathetic nervous system. When micturition comes to an end, the para-urethral sphincter causes a constriction of the membranous urethra in the male, and single flattening of the middle part of the urethra in the female.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6543372 TI - DNA binding protein profiles in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Eleven frozen autopsy specimens from cerebral cortex were tested for DNA-binding protein profiles. Six were Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, 1 was Parkinson's/senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type and 4 were age-matched control brains. Proteins were extracted in a guanidine thiocyanate-containing solvent and freed of all nucleic acids by density gradient sedimentation. The proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose by electroblotting under conditions which favor renaturation of proteins containing only one type of polypeptide. The nitrocellulose was treated with partially denatured radiolabeled DNA, washed and subjected to autoradiography. An Mr = 43 000 (43 K) DNA-binding protein was detected in 5 of the 6 AD brains and was found to be absent or at least greatly reduced in any of the other 6 brains. No other DNA-binding proteins were found which could be associated with AD brains. The nature of the 43 K protein has yet to be determined. PMID- 6543374 TI - [Tubal tonsil--observation with endoscopy]. PMID- 6543373 TI - The adherence of 99mTc-DISIDA to gallstones and gallbladder wall. PMID- 6543375 TI - Adverse effect of nifedipine on left ventricular obstruction detected by pulsed Doppler echocardiography. AB - The effect of nifedipine on the ejection flow pattern in the left ventricular outflow tract was observed using pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 6 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. After sublingual administration of nifedipine (10 mg) to 1 patient, the turbulent ejection flow pattern became more marked and increased in duration compared with the initial state. An increase in turbulence in the left ventricular outflow tract may increase the pressure gradient between the left ventricle and the aorta. Nifedipine appeared to have the potential of adverse action on left ventricular outflow obstruction. PMID- 6543376 TI - [Clinical application of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (resistive type) on cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 6543377 TI - Leiomyosarcoma of the breast--a case report and an electron microscopic study. AB - We treated a fifty six-year-old woman with leiomyosarcoma of the breast. Light microscopy showed typical findings of leiomyosarcoma and electron microscopy confirmed the smooth muscle origin of the tumor. The patient is well without evidence of metastases or local recurrence of the tumor fifty-five months after radical mastectomy. PMID- 6543378 TI - Direct contact between macrophages and plasma cells in antibody production. PMID- 6543379 TI - Simultaneous analyses of Ca exchange and mechanical parameters in the rat atria. AB - In the rat left atrium, electrically driven, a superfusion dropping method was developed. The device essentially consisted of a pair of platinum wire electrodes which held one end of the tissue, while the other end was attached to an isometric tension transducer. Either normal or isotopically labeled solutions were poured on the preparation at preset flow rates by means of a minipump. Effluent was collected fractionally in vials for measurement of radioactivity. Several perfusion flows tested led us to the conclusion that higher rates than 2.26 ml/min did not improve contractile performance. Stability of the preparation was found similar to the classical isolated organ-bath method during a 180 min period of observation. Set-up of the superfused atria reproduced paired determinations of 45Ca efflux, together with the contractile parameters. In addition, the frequency of sampling (intervals of 1 min or less) allowed us to detect changes in the washout pattern of exchangeable 45Ca even during early phases of Ca efflux. Therefore, the method reported herein seems to overcome the serious handicap of the scanty tissue employed. PMID- 6543380 TI - Cardiovascular applications of magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a completely noninvasive modality that has shown significant promise for the evaluation of the cardiovascular system. Our imaging technique employed electrocardiographic (ECG) gating, which resulted in well-resolved images of the cardiac structures. Patients and animals with a variety of cardiovascular abnormalities were also assessed with this technique; the abnormalities included acute and remote myocardial infarctions and their sequelae, atherosclerotic plaques, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, pericardial diseases, and aneurysms. The diagnostic utility of MRI includes direct tissue characterization, and such utility may be further extended by the use of paramagnetic contrast media. In addition, metabolic imaging of elements other than hydrogen may further increase the clinical potential of MRI for assessment of the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6543381 TI - [Effect of elevated external temperature on diurnal fluctuations of pulse and blood levels of glucose and lactic acid]. AB - Studies were performed in two 24 hrs' series. In series I, subjects (6 students of Physical Education Academy, aged 21-22) stayed at 18 degrees C and 36% humidity, whereas in series II every 2 hrs at 18 degrees C and 50 degrees C from 6.00 to 6.00 next day. Identical diet was applied for both series. Levels of glucose and LA in blood were determined by modern enzymatic microtechniques, using the Boehringer Firm tests. 24 hrs fluctuations in the pulse, levels of glucose and lactic acid (lesser at night), accompanied by a significant impact of increased external temperature upon the mentioned indices were found. Apart from statistically significant fluctuations at different times of the day and night, also statistically significant differences in 24 hrs' mean values of the parameters between both series were found. PMID- 6543382 TI - Magnesium-induced respiratory arrest in a parturient recovering from general anesthesia--a case report. PMID- 6543383 TI - [Multiple-abnormalities syndrome with phenotypic characteristics falling within the lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome]. PMID- 6543384 TI - Withdrawal from morphine generalizes to a pentylenetetrazol stimulus. AB - Rats trained to discriminate pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) from saline in a two-lever food-reinforced operant task were given a three-day course of morphine, 15 to 45 mg/kg tid, ip. On the third day naloxone produced dose-dependent generalization to the PTZ stimulus, with 66% of subjects selecting the PTZ lever after the highest dose (0.32 mg/kg). Following termination of morphine injections, generalization of spontaneous withdrawal was tested. Approximately 50% of subjects selected the PTZ lever at 24 and 48 hrs after the last morphine, and by 96 hrs the percentage of subjects selecting the PTZ lever had dropped to 11%. Rats that chose the PTZ lever at 48 hrs were given diazepam, 5.0 mg/kg, which blocked the PTZ-like stimulus. These data demonstrate that morphine withdrawal produces a stimulus with PTZ-like characteristics which can be blocked by an anxiolytic, and they suggest that the PTZ discrimination may have general utility for investigating drug dependence and withdrawal in animals. PMID- 6543385 TI - The binding of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate to cholinergic muscarinic receptors in rat brain region following chronic treatment with morphine and during abstinence. AB - Chronic morphine treatment (subcutaneous pellet implantation of four morphine pellets) caused significant tolerance to morphine analgesia as observed at zero and 6 hrs. after pellet removal. However, such treatment failed to elicit any changes in striatal muscarinic receptors using (3H)-QNB binding studies. At 24 hours after pellet removal there was significant development of physical dependence but the affinity (Kd) as well as density (Bmax) of striatal muscarinic receptors remained unaffected. Although naloxone caused marked precipitation of abrupt withdrawal in morphine tolerant rats, it also failed to produce any changes in striatal muscarinic receptors. Results indicate that any cholinergic involvement in opiate tolerance and physical dependence does not involve an effect on muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6543386 TI - The toxic effect of rhodamine B in rats. PMID- 6543387 TI - [Long-term effects of neonatal medium-degree hyperbilirubinemia on brainstem evoked potentials]. AB - Since neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (greater than 20 mg/100 ml) represents a risk factor for acoustic defects, we examined the effects of moderate hyperbilirubinemia less than 20 mg/100 ml) on the acoustic pathway maturation through the BAEPs technique. Twenty-three children who had suffered from moderate neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (5 FT, 18 PT) were tested at the end of their 1st year. No statistically significant differences were found between their response characteristics and those of a similarly aged control group. We conclude that a low-to-moderate degree of hyperbilirubinemia at birth should not be considered as a potential risk factor affecting the auditory brainstem pathways maturation and functionality. PMID- 6543388 TI - [Premature rupture of the membranes: its effects on the newborn infant and the validity of antibiotic prophylaxis]. AB - Premature Rupture of Membranes (R.P.M.) is often described in association with both amniotic fluid infections and the high risk of respiratory distress sindrome and of neonatal infections. But amniotic fluid infections, as underlined by some authors, may be a cause of R.P.M. as well as a consequence. Several attempts were made to formulate guidelines for early detection and treatment of neonatal septicaemia. In such a contest we considered 10 infants with R.P.M.: 9 treated with preventive antibiotics, 1 treated without any preventive antibiotics. We monitored the leucocyte and trombocyte counts as well as superficial swabs taken from the eyes, ears, throat, nose, umbilicus; clinical findings such as temperature, weight, gastrointestinal and breathing symptoms, jaundice were also monitorised in them all. The group treated with preventive antibiotics didn't show any compliance. The patient treated without any antibiotics showed signs and symptoms of septicemia on 7th day of life. PMID- 6543389 TI - Involvement of the aortic valve cusps in discrete subaortic stenosis. AB - A review of 18 cases with discrete subaortic stenosis (DSS) revealed that involvement of the aortic valve cusps in the basic process was present in 16. In these 16 cases, extensions of fibroelastic tissue from the site of the DSS toward the base or superior to the base of one or more cusps were seen. In seven of the involved cases, deformity of a cusp was associated with these extensions. Valvular aortic insufficiency in cases with DSS might be caused by extensions of the fibroelastic tissue to the aortic cusps. PMID- 6543390 TI - Arginine vasotocin and aggression in rats. AB - Pinealectomized (PX) and sham animals were administered either AVT (1 ng/kg) or vehicle (1 ml H20). Boxing-kicking-biting episodes were significantly reduced by administration of AVT, F(1,21) = 8.09, p less than 0.009. Crawling under behavior was increased in PXH20 animals (p less than 0.05). Non-aggressive rearing was decreased by administration of AVT, F(1,21) = 4.75, p less than 0.04. These results are in agreement with previous findings that AVT lowers emotionality arousal. Results are discussed in terms of vasotonergic effects on central monoamines. PMID- 6543391 TI - One-year measurements of solar UVB and UVA radiation at latitude 70 degrees north. PMID- 6543392 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of 6-mercaptopurine in rats during postnatal development]. AB - It was shown that 6-MP pharmacokinetics in rats was age-dependent. The distribution processes were mainly influenced by age of animals. 6-MP total distribution volume (VD) increased from 26.4 ml in 2 week old animals to 60.2 ml and 55.5 ml in 4-week-old and adult rats, respectively. However, the relative volume of distribution (delta, per cent of body weight) decreased from 1019 ml/kg in 2 week old rats to 317 ml/kg in adult rats. Similar relationships between total body clearance and the age of animals were observed. One may suspect that the changes in the distribution processes are connected both with the increased extracellular water content and the changed protein binding in young animals. PMID- 6543393 TI - [Diurnal urinary excretion of oxalic acid in healthy children of different age groups]. AB - The oxalic acid concentration in 24 hour urine of 94 healthy children, aged 1 to 18 years, were determined. The colorimetric method of Slodgkinson and Williams in modification of Rozentall was used to determine the oxalic acid concentration. Obtained results were analysed in following age groups: 1-3 years, 3-6 years, 9 14 years and 14-18 years. Table I shows the results of determinations of oxalic acid concentration in 24 hour urine and numbers of children in age groups. PMID- 6543395 TI - Effect of Coprinus comatus on plasma glucose concentrations in mice. PMID- 6543394 TI - [Synthesis and neurologic action of new 11-substituted 5H dibenzo[b,e][1,4]diazepines]. AB - The synthesis of the title compounds is described. The compounds are characterized by having no cataleptogenic effect and no antagonistic effect against amphetamine stereotypies in experimental animals. The pharmacological results of the rota-rod, spontaneous motility, aggression-test, hexobarbital potentiation and antagonism to physostigmine are reported. PMID- 6543396 TI - Responding for brain stimulation: stress and desmethylimipramine. AB - Stressors influence the activity of biogenic amines and provoke a variety of behavioral disturbances which have been considered as models of human depression. To evaluate the effects of stressors on reward processes, responding for electrical brain stimulation was assessed after acute or chronic shock, and the modification of performance by desmethylimipramine was determined. While escapable shock did not affect performance, inescapable shock reduced responding from the nucleus accumbens and medial forebrain bundle, but not from the substantia nigra. These deficits were were antagonized by repeated stressor application or by desmethylimipramine. Uncontrollable stressors may influence motivational processes subserved by some brain regions, and may thus influence affective state. Chronic stress or desmethylimipramine may induce adaptive neurochemical changes, thereby preventing the behavioral disturbances otherwise produced by stressors. PMID- 6543397 TI - Choline production from choline-containing phospholipids: a hypothetical role in Alzheimer's disease and aging. AB - Deficits in certain long-axon cholinergic brain neurons have been demonstrated both in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and, to a lesser degree, in association with the cognitive and memory impairments sometimes seen with normal aging. Our studies support a hypothesis concerning the selective vulnerability of these neurons. In our superfused brain slice system, acetylcholine (ACh) release was dependent on the concentration of exogenous choline, at rest and during electrical stimulation. Decreases in intracellular levels of ACh and choline accounted for only a small fraction of the quantities of these compounds released into the superfusates, suggesting that some tissue pool of bound choline, such as the phospholipids (PL), might have liberated choline. In choline-free medium, the release and tissue content of ACh were sustained; thus, choline released from the putative endogenous pool can be utilized for ACh synthesis. We hypothesize that the use, by cholinergic neurons, of choline originating from the breakdown of membrane PL, may result in an impoverishment in certain PL. Since only cholinergic neurons use their membrane PL as a reservoir for their neurotransmitter's precursor, this relationship might explain the major deficits in long-axon cholinergic nerve terminals seen in SDAT and other age-related memory disorders. PMID- 6543398 TI - The behavioural depression of hippocampal kindled rats is attenuated by subcutaneous and intracerebroventricular naltrexone. AB - Two questions were asked: Does naltrexone attenuate the behavioural depression (BD) in other models of limbic epilepsy besides amygdala kindling? Does intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration produce the same effects as subcutaneous injection, i.e., attenuation of the BD. Male wistar rats with bipolar electrodes implanted bilaterally in the dorsal hippocampus and a metal cannula in the lateral ventricle were kindled through 1 electrode and EEG recorded through the contralateral electrode. Subcutaneous (sc) and ICV naltrexone administration attenuated the BD of hippocampal kindled rats. These results further implicate the brain opioid system in the postictal phase of kindling and possibly epilepsy. PMID- 6543399 TI - Relative cataleptic potency of narcotic analgesics, including 3,6 dibutanoylmorphine and 6-monoacetylmorphine. AB - Dose-response curves were constructed for duration of significant catalepsy in male Sprague-Dawley rats following i.p. administration of four established and two novel narcotic analgesics. The relative potency of the six drugs was levorphanol greater than monacetylmorphine greater than diacetylmorphine greater than dibutanoylmorphine greater than morphine greater than meperidine. Cataleptic potency correlated with analgesic potency for morphine, diacetylmorphine, and dibutanoylmorphine but not for monoacetylmorphine. PMID- 6543400 TI - [Results of a control campaign against river tsetse flies in Burkina using deltamethrin-impregnated screens]. PMID- 6543401 TI - [Effect of various doses of naloxone on circulating corticosterone levels in the rat]. AB - The effect of three different doses of naloxone (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg w.i.p.), on the corticosterone levels has been studied in the Wistar male rat model, at 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. The 5 mg/kg w. dose, induces a significant increase on the p.m. values, while the 10 mg/kg w. dose determines highly significant increases on the a.m. and p.m. values, referred to its controls the p.m. ones being percentually higher. The putative role of endogenous opiates, given the naloxone specific antagonism in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes is discussed, while the changes observed after naloxone injection are analyzed to see whether they are provoked by a direct effect of the drug on the adrenal gland or are mediated by a central mechanism. PMID- 6543402 TI - Treatment of combined traction-rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the morning glory syndrome. AB - A 14-year-old boy had a near total retinal detachment associated with the morning glory optic disc anomaly. A tiny slit-like retinal break with adjacent vitreous traction was found within the coloboma, providing communication between the vitreous cavity and the subretinal space. Vitrectomy, fluid-gas exchange, and postoperative confluent Krypton laser photocoagulation around the optic disc resulted in a successful reattachment of the retina. The retina has remained attached for 14 months. PMID- 6543403 TI - [Indirect isotopic lymphography. Technic and clinical applications]. AB - Interstitial lymphoscintigraphy is a diagnostic method useful in the staging and follow-up of several tumours as well as in the etiological evaluation of limb edema. It is a simple technique with minimal invasivity which can be performed even in those regions inaccesible to radiographic lymphography. Because of its great sensitivity and low specifity it requires careful interpretation. PMID- 6543404 TI - [Comparative study of the treatment of cervical dysplasias with the CO2 laser and electroresection with the diathermy loop]. AB - The authors compared CO2 laser and the diathermy loop in the ambulatory treatment of 192 cases of cervical dysplasia. Clinical results were essentially equivalent (94.7% and 94.2% success rate respectively for laser and diathermy loop). When comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique, even though electroresection using the diathermy loop is a reliable method available to everyone, the ease in handling, exact precision, and comfort of laser render it the preferred method of treatment for cervicovaginal pathology in spite of its greater expense. PMID- 6543405 TI - In vitro fibrinolytic activity of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in the plasma of various primate species. AB - The ratio of fibrinolytic to fibrinogenolytic effect of recombinant human tissue type plasminogen activator was investigated at several concentrations in an in vitro system consisting of 125I-fibrin labeled autologous plasma clots immersed in the plasma of several different primate species. A concentration-dependent fibrinolysis was obtained in each case; however, the degree of fibrinolysis differed markedly from one primate species to the other. At a concentration of 30 IU/ml (300 ng/ml) of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator nearly complete thrombolysis was achieved within 4 hr in human plasma, in the chimpanzee, in the cynomolgus macaque, in the bonnet macaque and in the rhesus macaque. The common baboon, the olive baboon and the squirrel monkey were rather resistant to thrombolysis. In all species the thrombolysis achieved was not associated with fibrinogenolysis nor with significant decreases in plasminogen or alpha 2-antiplasmin. PMID- 6543406 TI - Reduced platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia. PMID- 6543407 TI - [Acute interstitial nephritis with iridocyclitis]. AB - One case with acute interstitial nephritis with undistinguished etiology, accompanied by iridocyclitis is described. Recently, numerous communications about similar cases have been reported which justify the differentiation of the syndrome "interstitial nephritis-iridocyclitis" among the acute interstitial nephritis. The case is of certain interest because of some characteristics: involvement of liver in the morbid process, immunemorphological finding from that described by other authors. Assumptions are presented about the pathogenetic mechanism of the disease. Conclusions are drawn in connection with the corticosteroid treatment, having induced a considerable improvement. PMID- 6543408 TI - [Usefulness of febantel for the inhibition of the "spring rise" phenomenon in sheep]. PMID- 6543409 TI - Constituents of Agaricus xanthodermus Genevier: the first naturally endogenous azo compound and toxic phenolic metabolites. AB - Extraction of fresh sporophores of the fungus Agaricus xanthodermus yields 4,4' dihydroxy-azobenzene, phenol, p-quinol, and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl. This is the first report of an azo compound arising endogenously in nature, while phenol, p quinol and 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl have not previously been isolated from higher fungi. Phenol is present in fruitbodies in sufficiently high concentration to account for the toxicity of A. xanthodermus. PMID- 6543411 TI - Isolation of the products resulting from the reaction of cis and trans diaminedichloroplatinum [II] with DNA and chromatin on the Dowex 50 W column. AB - The production of platinated derivatives of nucleic acid bases resulting from the reaction of cis and trans DDP with DNA and chromatin was studied. Bifunctional complex of guanine appeared to be the major product of the interaction of cis isomer with both DNA and chromatin, although other bifunctional adducts of A-Pt-G and A-Pt-A were also isolated. The main product of the interaction of trans DDP with DNA was a monofunctional adduct of guanine. Small amounts of the bifunctional complexes were also isolated. When ssDNA was incubated with trans DDP more bifunctional complexes appeared, what suggests that geometric constrains of double helix prevent formation of these complexes. Trans isomer reacts more easily with chromosomal proteins than cis DDP does. Therefore after the reaction of trans DDP with chromatin less platination occurs on DNA moieties. PMID- 6543410 TI - Isolation of the adducts of platinum complexes and nucleic acid bases on the Dowex 50 W column. AB - The method presented here enables the isolation of three monofunctional adducts. These are: platination of cytosine, adenine and guanosine. The three detected bifunctional complexes were: guanine N7 to N7, adenine N7 to N7 and adenine N7 to N1. A mixed bifunctional complex of guanine and adenosine and the product of polymerization of three adenines and two moieties of cis DDP were also detected. In the peak eluted separately from the guanine standard, no Pt was detected. The sample eluted in this peak had UV spectrum different from the standard and may represent the degraded product of guanine and polymerized Pt. PMID- 6543412 TI - Evidence for a change in capsid morphology during Sindbis virus envelopment. AB - Sindbis virus nucleocapsids were isolated from intact virus particles and from the cytoplasms of infected cells. These two isolates of purified nucleocapsids differed from one another in ribonuclease sensitivity and in sedimentation velocity. These findings suggest that a conformational change takes place in the Sindbis virus nucleocapsid during envelopment. PMID- 6543413 TI - Gc subtypes determined by ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing. Distribution in the Veneto population (Italy). AB - The distribution of Gc phenotypes in the population of Veneto was investigated by ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing. In our sample (n = 732) the six common phenotypes, Gc 1S, 1F, 1S1F, 2, 2-1S, 2-1F and a further phenotype, GC 1S1C3, were observed and the following frequencies calculated: Gc 1S = 0.560792; GC 1F = 0.159153; Gc2 = 0.277323; Gc 1C3 = 0.002732. Our gene frequencies have been compared with those found in other populations. PMID- 6543414 TI - Priorities in the benefit-risk assessment of new drugs. AB - With the present emphasis on animal safety data, human benefit and risk may be inadequately quantified at the clinical trial stage and the assessment of risk from adverse reaction reporting is also based on methods that lack epidemiological precision. Under these conditions there must be serious doubts about the accuracy of assessment of some of the new drugs that come under suspicion. Suggestions have been made for improving the situation. A closer scrutiny of human data at the clinical trial stage, while involving some increase in the requirements for clinical trial data, would be advantageous for the pharmaceutical industry as well as for other interested parties if it were part of a deliberate change of emphasis from animal to human evidence of safety and from absolute to relative efficacy data in the assessment of product licenses. PMID- 6543415 TI - Platelet-vessel wall interactions in hemostasis: implication of 5 hydroxytryptamine. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is implicated in the platelet-vessel wall interactions during hemostasis. Indeed, the tail bleeding time and the initial blood loss in rats are significantly increased by platelet amine depletion with reserpine/parachlorophenylalanine, by the specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonists ketanserin, R 55 667 and R 56 433 and by the ergot derivatives metergoline and methysergide. In the dose range affecting hemostasis, the serotonergic receptor antagonists also inhibit the 5-HT-amplified aggregation of ADP-sensitized platelets in rat whole blood. Bleeding times are also prolonged by alpha 1 adrenergic receptor antagonism with prazosin or phentolamine, by specific thromboxane A2-synthetase inhibition with R 59 655 or dazoxiben, and by anticoagulant treatment. The latter three mechanisms of action are not explanatory for the effect of the tested serotonergic antagonists, since bleeding times are prolonged by specific 5-HT2 receptor antagonists without an effect on alpha-adrenergic receptors, on platelet prostaglandin biosynthesis or on coagulation and fibrinolysis. The present study shows the interplay between the platelet-derived mediators 5-HT and TXA2 at the level of the platelet or the blood vessel to be of major importance in the platelet-vessel wall interactions during hemostasis. PMID- 6543416 TI - [Choroidal microcirculatory disturbance in vivo after laser photocoagulation. I. Early recovering process and rheological analysis with high speed microcinematography]. PMID- 6543417 TI - [Treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum]. AB - Chemotherapeutic effects of CDDP used as the main drug were studied in 20 patients with progressive prostatic cancer in stage C or D. On the average 208 mg of CDDP was given to the patients receiving chemotherapy without antiandrogen therapy (13 patients who showed resistance to hormone and an untreated new patient) and both ADM and IFM were also given to 3 of them. According to the criterion proposed by Shida and his coworkers, the chemotherapy without antiandrogen therapy was effective in 2 cases, relatively effective in 7 cases, and ineffective in 5 cases. The chemotherapy was effective for metastatic tumors of the lung in 2 out of 2 cases, but had no effect on tumors of the lymph node (1 case) and primary lesion of the tumors (14 cases). The chemotherapy improved acid phosphatase values in 5 out of 10 cases, alkaline phosphatase values in 3 out of 10 cases, dysuria in 4 out of 8 cases, nocturia in 1 out of 12 cases, residual urine in 5 out of 6 cases, lumbago in 6 out of 8 cases, and constitutional symptom in 6 out of 12 cases. The effect of the chemotherapy in combination with antiandrogen therapy was excellent in 4 and good in 2 of the 6 patients treated with castration + diethylstilbestrol diphosphate + CDDP + ADM +/- IFM. The chemotherapy with antiandrogen therapy had no effect on metastatic tumors of the bone (2 cases), but decreased the hardness and size of primary lesion in 6 out of 6 cases. Urethrography showed better changes in 6 out of 6 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543418 TI - [Treatment of the sexual disorders in chronic prostatitis with the preparation Undestor]. PMID- 6543419 TI - [Fungal infections: involved species and minimal inhibitory concentrations of common antifungal agents]. AB - Fungal cultures of cutaneous or ungual origin (477 cultures), nasopharyngeal and urogenital origin (2,000 cultures), and blood, internal organs, surgical incisions, and catheters (300 cultures) were obtained in this study. Analysis of the data yielded the following information: Candida albicans and C. tropicalis, frequent causes of superficial or systemic mycoses, were very sensitive to flucytosine and amphotericin B in a liquid medium, but less sensitive to the imidazole derivatives; C. parapsilosis, a cause of superficial and systemic mycoses, was remarkably sensitive to all four antifungal agents tested; Torulopsis glabrata and C. krusei are of greatest concern in a hospital setting since systemic or visceral infections are minimally sensitive to antifungal agents; C. pseudotropicalis, C. guilliermondii, and C. zeylanoides are less pathogenic and sensitive to antifungal agents varies, depending on the strain. Specific measures are presented for management of fungal infections in a hospital setting. The role of antifungal susceptibility testing in everyday practice is also evaluated. PMID- 6543420 TI - [The porto-vertebral angle and biohumoral indexes of hepatic function in cirrhotic patients. Statistical analysis]. PMID- 6543421 TI - Human intestinal parasitism in three areas of Indonesia: a survey. AB - Stools from 1387 people were examined quantitatively for eggs of nematode parasites. The people were residents of Padangganting, near Sawahlunto, Sumatra (227 people), Sukamaju and Cibungur rubber plantations near Sukabumi, Java (831 people) and the villages of Mahima and Rabo near Reo, Manggarai, Flores (329 people). Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Necator americanus were common; Ancylostoma was not observed. Prevalence of parasitism was highest in Java and lowest in Flores. Egg counts were low, suggesting low worm burdens; intensity of infection with Ascaris and Trichuris was highest in Java, while hookworm was highest in Sumatra. Ascaris infections decreased and hookworm infections increased in prevalence and intensity with age; Trichuris was unaffected. A sex-related difference was observed only in Sumatra, where more females than males were infected with Ascaris. Village-to-village variation in prevalence of nematode infestation was observed in Flores and on the Sukamaju plantation; the topography of other areas did not allow for village comparisons. Ad hoc anthelmintic treatment of the residents of Cibungur plantation was reflected in reduced parasitism by Ascaris and Trichuris, but not hookworm, compared with neighbouring Sukamaju. Comparison of the patterns of disease in the three areas, in terms of the occurrence of single, double or triple infections, revealed marked differences. In Java most people with parasitism had triple infections. In Sumatra the most common expression of parasitism was single infection with hookworm. In Flores single infection with Ascaris prevailed. It is suggested that the clinical effects of intestinal parasitism might depend on the pattern of infection. Samples collected in Flores were also examined for protozoa which were found in about half the population; Entamoeba coli and E. histolytica were most common. PMID- 6543422 TI - [Genetic improvement of grain legumes of importance to Latin American diet and the soy bean]. AB - Common beans and soybeans can be considered as the most important food legumes in the Latin American nutritional context, each of them presenting specific problems. The production of common beans has not increased in the last decade, and insects and diseases attacks are menacing it. On the other hand, soybeans have shown a tremendous increase in production, becoming rapidly an important export cash crop. However, its use in human consumption is quite restricted, in spite of the efforts of some countries in inducing their acceptance. As far as nutritive value is concerned, a high variability for protein and methionine contents have been evidenced, and breeding programs could use this factor advantageously. In the case of soybeans, the use of germ plasm with colored seeds appears to be a good alternative, due to the preference for color by the consumers. Considering the agricultural production policies of some of our countries, there is a need to establish a proper balance between the cash and energetic crops, and the staple food crops, in order to avoid an aggravation of the nutritional problems in this Continent. PMID- 6543423 TI - Differences in the distribution of methyl mercury in erythrocytes, plasma, and brain of Japanese quails and rats after a single oral dose. AB - Distribution of a single oral dose of methyl mercury (10 mg Hg/kg body weight) was followed from 90 min up to 120 h in plasma, erythrocytes, and brain of Japanese quails and rats. Significantly higher Hg concentrations were observed in plasma and brain of quails and red blood cells of rats. Blood/brain ratio decreased in quails from 6 to 2 at 24 h and 120 h respectively, whereas it increased in rats. Erythrocyte/plasma ratio in quails was about three times lower and averaged 54. The differences in Hg distribution were accompanied by a more than 3-fold higher acute toxicity in quails under adequate experimental conditions. PMID- 6543424 TI - Intrauterine synechiae complicated with threatened abortion and preterm labor. Combined therapy with terbutaline and magnesium sulfate. PMID- 6543425 TI - Clinical therapeutic analysis of vitiligo phase--II. AB - The incidence of vitiligo varies from country to country. In the present study, seventy cases of vitiligo have been studied from skin out patient department of the Institute of Post-graduate Medicine & Research over a period of 2 years. The prevalence rate of vitiligo among the total out patient attendent was 0.4 per cent. 85 per cent of the cases belonged to the age group to 11-40 years. Male and female ratio was 2:1. Precipitating factors like physical injury, mental stress and strain had close link with development of skin lesion. In 11.4 per cent cases near relations were involved. Skin lesions according to the site showed lower extremity to be the maximally involved area and the genital areas were least involved. PMID- 6543426 TI - Quantitative comparison between SCE and transformation frequencies induced by chemical carcinogens in Syrian hamster cells. PMID- 6543427 TI - Meptazinol activity on morphine-naive and morphine-dependent guinea-pig ileum: correlation with in vivo studies. AB - The effects of meptazinol and some opioid agonists and antagonists were studied on opioid-naive guinea-pig ileum (GPIN) and ileum taken from morphine-dependent guinea-pigs (GPID). Meptazinol produced a biphasic effect in GPIN and GPID with a depression of the electrically induced twitch response at lower concentrations and contractural potentiation at higher concentrations. The effects of meptazinol in both GPIN and GPID were similar, thus distinguishing it from the other opioid agonists and antagonists which produced differential effects on these tissues. In morphine-pelletted rats, meptazinol (5 mg/kg i.p.) did not produce notable withdrawal as measured by behavioural observation. However, meptazinol (30 mg/kg i.p.) enhanced the signs associated with cholinergic activation. It is suggested that meptazinol possesses a cholinergic component and that the morphine withdrawal signs observed to the higher meptazinol dose were more probably attributable to cholinergic stimulation rather than any underlying opioid precipitated withdrawal. PMID- 6543428 TI - [Microanalysis of amphetamines III. Detection of amphetamines in the hair of monkeys treated with methamphetamine]. PMID- 6543429 TI - Enzyme histochemistry of the adult human female prostate: hydrolase and dehydrogenase distribution. PMID- 6543430 TI - Enzyme histochemistry of the adult human female prostate: acid phosphatase distribution. PMID- 6543431 TI - Aztreonam versus cefamandole in the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - The in vivo efficacy and safety of aztreonam compared to that of cefamandole was randomly and prospectively studied in the treatment of 30 patients suffering from recurrent urinary tract infections with a patient ratio of 2 aztreonam to 1 cefamandole. The mean age was 51.6 +/- 15.4 and 59.8 +/- 13 years respectively. Both antibiotics were given at a dose of 1 g, 8 hourly i.m. for 7-13 days. Sixty seven percent versus 70% of the patients given aztreonam and cefamandole respectively were suffering from upper urinary tract infections. X ray abnormalities predisposing to relapse or reinfections were present in 88% vs 80% of the patients, while all patients had typical symptoms of urinary tract infections, with high fever (greater than or equal to 38.5 degrees C) reported in 70% and 60% of the patients in the two treatment groups respectively. Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were the predominant isolates in urine cultures. During treatment all patients responded favourably both clinically and bacteriologically, while after a 6-week follow-up 20% versus 30% relapsed clinically with 15% vs 30% bacteriologic relapses in the two groups, but only in patients suffering from upper urinary tract infections. No development of bacterial resistance was observed in the relapses, while mainly Enterococcus spp was implicated in reinfections. No appreciable side effects of toxicity were observed. It was concluded that aztreonam is a promising new antibiotic that deserves further clinical trials in systemic infections. PMID- 6543432 TI - Cisplatin and doxorubicin for locally recurrent and metastatic childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Five pediatric subjects, each of whom had been treated with multiple agents including doxorubicin, received cisplatin and doxorubicin following the development of locally recurrent or metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. Although there was no definite evidence that the tumor of these individuals was resistant to doxorubicin, tumor responses developed in 3 of 5 patients. Additional trials of this combination in similar patients with primary or recurrent metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma are indicated. PMID- 6543433 TI - In vitro study of the sensitivity of 1030 hospital-isolated bacterial strains to aztreonam. AB - The antibacterial activity in vitro of aztreonam is compared with other antibiotics on 1,030 strains isolated from pathological specimens. Its spectrum is very large, with special regard to Gram-negative bacteria. Of particular interest appears the sensitivity to aztreonam of otherwise multiresistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus rettgeri. PMID- 6543434 TI - Brain angiotensin-like localization at the ultrastructural level. PMID- 6543435 TI - Opioid involvement in hypertension induced by short-term isolation. PMID- 6543436 TI - Enhancement (by native type II collagen) of the humoral immune response to native type I collagen in the rat. AB - Both native type II collagen and rabbit IgG were good immunogens in the rat when emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant but native type I collagen and denatured type II collagen were not. Both native type II collagen and rabbit IgG had an enhancing effect upon the production of antibodies to native type I collagen when rats were immunised with a mixture of native type I collagen and either of these immunogens but denatured type II collagen did not have this effect. These immunogens, however, did not enhance the production of antibodies to ovalbumin when emulsified with it. Although both native type II collagen and rabbit IgG showed this enhancing effect with native type I collagen, only rats immunised with native type II collagen or mixtures containing native type II collagen developed arthritis. Thus, a specific immune response to collagen rather than this enhancing effect appears to be necessary for the induction of arthritis. PMID- 6543438 TI - Urinary enzyme measurements as sensitive indicators of chronic cadmium nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6543437 TI - A serologic survey of bovine rotavirus infection in Italy. AB - Serum neutralization tests conducted by microtiter procedure on 2970 serum samples from calves, heifers and adult cows from representative regions of Italy indicate that rotaviruses, and the infection which they cause, existed in Italy long before the virus was isolated. At the present time the infection is distributed fairly uniformly throughout the cattle population with both sexes and all age groups being equally susceptible. PMID- 6543439 TI - [Ultrastructural observation on chondrosarcoma of bone. (II)--a transmission electron microscopic study]. PMID- 6543440 TI - Kinetics of DNA methylation by the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4 (methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in F344 rats. AB - The carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) was injected intravenously (0.41 mmol/kg) into F344 rats. DNA from target organs (lung, liver) and a non-target organ (kidney) was extracted hydrolysed and analysed for methylated guanines by cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromotography fluorimetry. Levels of O6-methylguanine, a promutagenic lesion, and 7 methylguanine were three to eight times higher in the liver than in the lung. Neither base could be detected in the kidneys. The extent of methylation of hepatic DNA by NNK was 35 times lower than observed with an equimolar dose of NDMA by Swann et al. (1983). The levels of the two methylated guanines in liver and lung DNA increased between 4 and 24 h following NNK injection. NNK is metabolized rapidly in F344 rats to 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1(3-pyridyl)-butan-1-ol (NNA1). The relatively slow methylation of hepatic DNA after injection of NNK could be due to a slow release of methylating species from the major circulating metabolite NNA1. This low but sustained level of O6-methylguanine induced by NNK could, in part, explain its carcinogenic potency. PMID- 6543441 TI - Chemical seed treatment for Alternaria blight of Brassica juncea. PMID- 6543442 TI - DNA replication and repair in Tilapia cells. I. The effect of ultraviolet radiation. AB - The effect of ultraviolet radiation on a cell line established from the warm water fish Tilapia has been assessed by measuring the rate of DNA synthesis, excision repair, post-replication repair and cell survival. The cells tolerate ultraviolet radiation better than mammalian cells with respect to DNA synthesis, post-replication repair and cell survival. They are also efficient in excision repair, which in other fish cell lines has been found to be at a low level or absent. Their response to the inhibitors hydroxyurea and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine is less sensitive than that of other cell lines, yet the cells seem to have very small pools of DNA precursor. PMID- 6543443 TI - [Retinal arterial macroaneurysms]. AB - Nineteen eyes of 17 patients were examined for complications associated with a retinal macroarterial aneurysm. 13 of 17 patients were feminine and over 70 years of age and 15 had longstanding systemic hypertension. Visual loss associated with retinal macroarterial aneurysms was related to macular hemorrhage, exudate, or serous retinal detachment. Twelve eyes had retinal hemorrhages associated with the macroarterial aneurysm. Hemorrhages were subretinal and/or preretinal of which some diffused into the vitreous. Seven eyes were treated by direct argon laser photocoagulation of the aneurysm giving an arterial occlusion. Five eyes received perianeurysmal photocoagulation without occlusion of the arteriole. Five eyes received no laser treatment because their exudate or hemorrhage was not threatening the fovea and these evolved towards cicatrisation without a drop in visual acuity. Improvement in visual acuity was noted with both types of photocoagulation. But, direct photocoagulation was found less preferable since an absolute scotoma may be created by the area deprived of arterial flow. Perianeurysm photocoagulation was found to be effective, and is indicated in cases of deep exudate and edema that may threaten the fovea. Treatment is questionable when hemorrhage is the predominant complication. PMID- 6543444 TI - [Correlation between left ventricular wall thickness and the depth of negative T waves in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - Electrocardiographic features of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are high QRS voltage and giant negative T waves greater than 10 mm in left precordial leads. We analyzed thirty patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to clarify the correlation between left ventricular (LV) wall thickness and the depth of negative T waves. LV anterior wall thickness was measured by the left ventriculogram (LVG) in the RAO projection. LV posterior wall and septal thickness were measured by echocardiograms recorded from the left sternal border. THA and THM were defined as apical thickness and mid ventricular wall thickness, respectively. The results were as follows: LVG disclosed that the depth of negative T waves in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was significantly related to the absolute thickness of apical segment itself rather than the difference in the distribution of thickness from the basal to apical segment of the left ventricle. This results support the clinical observation that giant negative T waves in some cases are associated with diffuse hypertrophy of the LV without a spade like configuration in LVG. Results of the echocardiographic analysis, however, revealed that the depth of negative T waves had no relation to the distribution of left ventricular hypertrophy. This is partly because of unsatisfied and difficult recordings and measurements of the true LV apical segment by echocardiography. The presence of both high QRS voltage and giant negative T waves is indispensable for the diagnosis of apical hypertrophy. PMID- 6543445 TI - [Apical hypertrophy as a part of the morphologic spectrum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - Clinical and morphological features in 10 cases of "apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" (apical type) were analyzed and compared with those in classic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH). The hypertrophic pattern of the interventricular septum (IVS) was evaluated on the two-dimensional echocardiographic (2-D) left ventricular (LV) long-axis view. Thirty-one of 70 patients with ASH were characterized by predominant hypertrophy of the basal IVS (Type I). Seventeen patients had predominant hypertrophy of the apical IVS (Type III). Diffuse IVS hypertrophy was noted in 22 patients (Type II). Electrocardiographic similarity was documented between cases with Type III and apical type; that is, a low incidence of abnormal Q waves, a high incidence of giant negative T waves, and frequent absence of Q waves. In Type I and II, abnormal Q waves were frequently observed, while giant negative T waves were rare. On the 2-D LV short-axis view at the papillary muscle level, three groups with ASH revealed similar distributions of myocardial hypertrophy characterized by extension of hypertrophy to the LV anterior free all and papillary muscles. Most cases with apical type had a similar distribution of hypertrophy, but its degree was significantly less severe than that of ASH. Comparison of diastolic LV configurations on left ventriculograms and/or the 2-D apical two-chamber views indicated the morphologic continuity among the three types with ASH and the apical type. Clinical features in cases of the apical type were obviously less severe than those of three groups with ASH, as indicated by a significantly larger proportion of asymptomatic patients (90%), absence of sudden death and rare documentation of malignant ventricular arrhythmias on 24-hours ambulatory electrocardiography. In conclusion, apical type can be categorized as a part of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with a wide morphologic spectrum rather than the separate disease entity, and it is characterized by giant negative T waves with minimum clinical manifestations. PMID- 6543446 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with ventricular septal hypertrophy localized to the apical region of the left ventricle (apical ASH)]. AB - Clinical and morphologic features are described in a subgroup of 22 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, who showed ventricular septal hypertrophy localized to the apical region (apical asymmetric septal hypertrophy: apical ASH). All patients had ventricular septal thickness of 17 mm or less with an average of 13 +/- 3 mm in the M-mode echocardiograms. In contrast, the two-dimensional echocardiograms demonstrated septal hypertrophy localized to the apical region, with an average septal thickness of 20 +/- 3 mm at the mitral valve and papillary muscle levels. On the left ventriculogram, 82% of patients with apical ASH showed inward concavity of the right-inferior wall of the left ventricle, indicating hypertrophy of the ventricular septum. However, no patient showed spade-like appearance of the left ventricle and only two showed giant T wave inversion exceeding 10 mm. Echocardiographic examination performed in eight affected relatives revealed typical asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) in four relatives, one of them showing a resting pressure gradient of 30 mmHg in the left ventricle. The remaining four relatives showed similar apical ASH. When compared with patients of typical ASH, patients with apical ASH demonstrated significantly greater cardiac size, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left atrial and left ventricular diameters and significantly lower percent fractional shortening. Atrial fibrillation, B bump of the mitral echogram and heart failure were more frequent in this subgroup of patients. Thus, apical ASH appeared to be a part of the morphologic spectrum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with ASH and to be a separate disease entity from apical hypertrophy previously described in Japan. Severely impaired diastolic performances associated with mild to moderately depressed systolic function of the left ventricle were the characteristic clinical features of the subgroup of patients with apical ASH. PMID- 6543447 TI - [A clinical study of choriocarcinomas with liver metastases]. PMID- 6543448 TI - [Selective intra-arterial administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) to metastatic tumors of ovarian cancer]. PMID- 6543449 TI - [Clinical analysis of the recurrence of choriocarcinoma]. PMID- 6543450 TI - [A case of idiopathic hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with an audible pseudoejection sound on auscultation]. PMID- 6543451 TI - Holling's "hungry mantid" model for the invertebrate functional response considered as a Markov process. III. Stable satiation distribution. AB - In this paper, we study an analytical model describing predatory behaviour. It is assumed that the parameter describing the predator's behaviour is its satiation. Using semigroup methods and compactness arguments we prove that a stable satiation distribution is reached if t----infinity. Furthermore, using a Trotter Kato theorem we justify the transition to the much simpler problem that is obtained if the prey biomass tends to zero. PMID- 6543452 TI - Translation and stability of ovalbumin messenger RNA injected into growing oocytes and fertilized ova of mice. AB - Growing mouse oocytes and fertilized ova were injected with chicken ovalbumin messenger RNA (mRNAov) and chicken conalbumin mRNA (mRNAcon) and cultured in vitro. Estimation of mRNAov and mRNAcon stability by hybridization of cDNAov and cDNAcon to extracted mRNA from injected oocytes and fertilized ova indicated a half-life of 147 and 366 h in the oocyte and 5 and 3 h in the fertilized ovum respectively. Stability of mRNAov was similar in the fertilized and unfertilized ovum. Oocytes injected with chicken ovalbumin mRNA were also labelled with [3H]leucine and ovalbumin synthesis was measured by immunoprecipitation. The amount of ovalbumin synthesized during the initial 7 h was less than during the period of 18-25 or 66-73 h postinjection. The greatest percentage of ovalbumin to total protein synthesis occurred between 66-73 h. Oocytes secreted 12% of the synthesized ovalbumin during each of the 7 h periods (0-7, 18-25 and 66-73 h) indicating a stable mechanism for secretion throughout the culture period. These studies demonstrate: a dramatic difference in stability of injected mRNA between the growing oocyte and the unfertilized or fertilized ovum, and a gradual increase in the translation of injected mRNA by the growing oocyte during in vitro culture. PMID- 6543453 TI - Suspected facial eczema in sheep in the central Orange Free State. AB - Facial eczema is known to occur in the Humansdorp district of the Cape Province. During June 1982-January 1984, 5 outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitivity occurred in sheep in central districts of the Orange Free State. In one of these outbreaks a diagnosis of suspected facial eczema was made histologically. PMID- 6543454 TI - Pressure-induced hypertrophy in hearts of dwarf pigs. AB - Myocardial DNA-synthesis has been investigated in five adult dwarf pigs by autoradiography, light and electron microscopy 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 days after banding the ascending aorta. By the banding procedure the mean ventricular pressure in the left heart rose to 40%, reaching an average of 74% at the time of pulse-labelling with 3H-thymidine. Absolute mean heart weights of the hypertrophic hearts reached 165 +/- 25 g in contrast to ten normal hearts with an average of 69 +/- 8 g. The highest labelling indices were found 10 days after onset of pressure-load: 0.46% in the left ventricular wall, 0.35% in the septum and 0.55% in the right ventricular wall. After 20 to 100 days of aortic constriction the labelling indices ranged from zero to 0.25% indicating a continuous slight DNA-synthesis. Electron micrographs demonstrate activation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and synthesis of myofilamental and myofibrillar structures, changes of the number and size of mitochondria, the nuclear membrane, as well as changes due to hypoxia and degeneration. PMID- 6543455 TI - [VCP therapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma advanced more than stage IIB]. PMID- 6543456 TI - [Acute pancreatitis during the treatment of BH-AC AMP regimen for acute non lymphocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6543457 TI - [A case of megakaryoblastic leukemia showing features like primary myelofibrosis]. PMID- 6543458 TI - [Diurnal changes in lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activities and effects of oral fat load]. PMID- 6543459 TI - Diurnal interindividual differences in the habitual activity pattern of top level athletes. PMID- 6543460 TI - Bioluminescence of cellular ATP: a new method for evaluating cytotoxic agents in vitro. AB - Rat Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, human MCF-7 cell line and a specimen of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma were cultured in vitro and exposed to different cytostatic drugs. The drug effects were evaluated by bioluminescence, i.e., by measuring the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic energy source of the living cells. The intracellular ATP was released by TCA or NRS -reagent, and the ATP levels were measured directly from an aliquot of the growth medium without any extraction or precipitation steps. ATP level was significantly correlated with cell number, viability, [3H]-thymidine incorporation and stem cell assay. The most important advantages of bioluminescence method was speed, technical simplicity and good sensitivity (about 500 cells/sample easily quantitated, the results are seen directly within a few seconds) and flexibility (any cell line and drug may be studied by many different test designs). ATP method obviously describes the "well- being" of the cultured cells. According to our experience, the ATP-bioluminescence method is a powerful alternative to any other cell growth estimation method in vitro. It can be used especially in primary screening of the cytostatic activity of any known or unknown substance as well as in attempts to select an individual drug therapy for patients with cancer. PMID- 6543461 TI - Vaginal absorption of oestradiol and progesterone. AB - The vaginal absorption of micronized oestradiol/progesterone from a hydrophilic matrix system was investigated before and after 10 days of treatment in 7 post menopausal women with an average age of 56.1 yr. Oestradiol and progesterone levels were measured on days 1 and 11 before administration and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h afterwards by radioimmunoassay. Peak values were seen 6-12 h after administration. This finding differs from those of other investigations. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and androgen concentrations were unchanged after 10 days of treatment. PMID- 6543462 TI - Plasminogen activator activity in secretions from clinically normal, mastitic, lactating and dried-off udders of dairy cows. AB - Using the composite fibrin plates method, plasminogen activator (PA) activity was found in secretions from clinically normal, mastitic, lactating and dried-off udders of dairy cows. The possible involvement of the fibrinolytic system in the physiology and pathology of the bovine mammary gland is discussed. PMID- 6543463 TI - [Catecholaminergic activity in children with nocturnal enuresis]. PMID- 6543465 TI - [Herpes zoster in a 12-month-old girl subsequent to intrauterine exposure to the varicella-zoster virus]. AB - A few cases have been recorded in which zoster was presumably due to reactivation of V-Z virus acquired during the intrauterine life. In our patient, a 12-month old infant, the mother had chickenpox during her seventh month of pregnancy. PMID- 6543464 TI - [Prune belly syndrome: description of a case]. AB - A sporadic case of Prune-Belly syndrome in a male, report and literature review. PMID- 6543466 TI - Enhanced cell mediated immunity in mice after cisplatin treatment. AB - Tumor regression in mice after cisplatin treatment and the role of cell mediated immunity were studied through Winn assay (in vivo) and capillary cell migration inhibition assay (in vitro). The immunization of mice with the platinum complex results in specific enhancement of host cellular immune system by stimulating splenocytes and peritoneal exudate cells against the specific tumor antigens. PMID- 6543467 TI - 8th congress of the Polish Pharmacological Society. Symposium II: Pharmacological implications for animal models of mental disorders. PMID- 6543468 TI - The effect of antidepressant drugs on dominance behavior in rats competing for food. AB - Wistar male rats were maintained on a regimen of restricted access to food. The animals were randomly paired and placed in a special apparatus containing the feeder constructed in such a manner that only one rat at a time could drink sweetened milk. The dominance-subordination (d-s) relationship developed in about 80% of the pairs. This was manifested by the dominant rat eating for a longer period of time than the submissive rat. Clonidine (0.1 mg/kg ip) given to the dominant rats abolished the stable d-s hierarchies. Tricyclic antidepressants and mianserin given for 5 consecutive days prevented the clonidine action. Yohimbine, the antagonist of alpha 2 adrenoceptors produced a similar effect. Drugs belonging to other groups (e.g. neuroleptics and anxiolytics) had no effect on the clonidine-induced suppression of dominance. PMID- 6543469 TI - [Continuous suppression of methamphetamine-induced supersensitivity by chronic haloperidol administration]. PMID- 6543470 TI - [Analysis, microbiological classification and evaluation of inflammatory reactions of 25,000 cytological smears of the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6543471 TI - [Plasma prolactin in the puerperium and its relation to the use of methylergonovine maleate]. PMID- 6543472 TI - [Intrauterine growth in a selected group of Chilean newborn infants. Subdiagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation in Chile?]. PMID- 6543473 TI - [Bone fractions of alkaline phosphatase in prostatic cancer with bone metastasis]. PMID- 6543474 TI - [Incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and their correlation with sudden death in patients with idiopathic dilated myocardiopathy]. PMID- 6543475 TI - [Prolapse after a hysterectomy. A study of 70 cases]. AB - The authors report on 70 cases of prolapse following hysterectomy (52 cases after subtotal hysterectomy, 13 after total abdominal hysterectomy, and 5 after vaginal hysterectomy). These cases of prolapse following hysterectomy represent 11,7 p. cent of all surgery performed to correct prolapse over the same period (70/599). It is desirable to repair the vagina as anatomically as possible, preserve normal function (70% of patients desire to remain sexually active), and correct if necessary urinary incontinence also present in 47 p. cent of patients in our series. Once the decision to operate has been made, we believe the best procedure is a pubosacral suspension (double hemi-hammock) using a Mersilence strap, which treats the associated stress incontinence and preserves sexual function. PMID- 6543476 TI - Immunological characteristics of cells entering the liver with portal blood. AB - The mononuclear cell populations were characterized phenotypically and functionally in the splenic, mesenteric, portal, sinusoidal, and hepatic venous blood. We found higher concentrations of mononuclear cells in splenic than mesenteric and portal blood; splenic blood contained high numbers of cells with Fc, C3b receptors and surface immunoglobulin and OX8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor) cells. Liver sinusoidal blood was enriched, compared with inflowing portal blood, in cells with Fc, C3b receptors and surface immunoglobulin, OX+8 cells, and natural killer and killer cells. These findings indicate that the spleen may be the main source of migrating streams of cells to the liver and that cytotoxic subsets of these cells are retained in that organ. PMID- 6543477 TI - [Homo and heterozygosity in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia]. PMID- 6543478 TI - Effect of ethanol and acetaldehyde on gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in rat brain and liver. AB - We examined the effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on brain and liver gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), the effect of pyrazole on the ethanol-GHB interaction, and the effect of acetaldehyde on brain and liver GHB. Ethanol produced a marked increase in liver GHB but had no effect on GHB in brain. The ethanol effect in liver was not blocked by pyrazole. Acetaldehyde had no effect in brain or liver on GHB. PMID- 6543479 TI - Progestin receptors in dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells: enriched binding in lactotrope fractions. AB - Cytosolic progesterone and R5020 binding activities were demonstrated in Pronase dispersed anterior pituitary cells from estrogen-primed ovariectomized and adrenalectomized rats. Pronase-dispersed pituitary cells were also separated into six cellular fractions on the basis of size and density by sedimentation velocity at unit gravity in a BSA gradient. Fractions enriched in lactotropes or gonadotropes were identified by the cellular contents of radioimmunoassayable prolactin and LH, respectively. Cytosolic progestin receptors appeared to be predominantly associated with lactotrope-rich fractions. Since there was some cross-over between the LH and prolactin enriched fractions, progestin receptors may also be associated with a subpopulation of gonadotropes, as well. PMID- 6543480 TI - Hypervitaminosis A toxicity in regular hemodialysis patients. AB - A study has been made of possible inter-relationship between the plasma levels of vitamin A, retinol binding protein (RBP) prealbumin (PA), and biochemical parameters in 47 patients with end-stage renal failure maintained on regular dialysis treatment. The raised plasma concentrations of vitamin A, RBP and PA in patients were significantly different from those of normal controls. Plasma vitamin A levels were inversely correlated with Hct (r = -0.499), which was also significantly related to RBP/vitamin A ratio (r = 0.61). Plasma i-PTH and VLDL were inversely related to RBP/vitamin A and RBP/PA ratios. These findings suggest that raised plasma vitamin A levels in regular dialysis patients contribute to anemia and hypervitaminosis A toxicity. Vitamin A preparations should therefore not be given to patients on regular dialysis treatment. PMID- 6543481 TI - Visual cycle in the mammalian eye. Retinoid-binding proteins and the distribution of 11-cis retinoids. AB - This work was designed to provide an insight into the mammalian visual cycle by investigating the possible function of retinoid-binding proteins in this system, and the distribution and type of 11-cis retinoids present in the interphotoreceptor matrix and the cytosols of the retinal pigment epithelium and retina. The total retinol and retinal in the soluble fractions from these three compartments was 8% (3.31 nmol/eye) of the retinyl palmitate and stearate stored in the pigment epithelium membrane fractions (39 nmol/eye). Only small amounts of retinoids were detected in the rod outer segment cytosol. The insoluble fractions also contained retinol, nearly all of which was found in the retina. The retinoids in the soluble fractions appeared to be bound to cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinal-binding protein (CRA1BP) and interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP, a high-Mr glycoprotein). Using immunospecific precipitation, immunoblot and immunocytochemical techniques it was demonstrated that IRBP was localized in the interphotoreceptor matrix and was synthesized and secreted by the retina, a process that did not require the protein to be glycosylated. The amount of retinol bound to IRBP increased if the eyes were exposed to light, when it was estimated that the protein carried up to 30% of its full capacity for all-trans retinol. In addition to all-trans retinol, IRBP carried smaller amounts of 11-cis retinol. The proportion of 11-cis retinol was frequently higher in eyes that had been protected from illumination, suggesting that IRBP plays a role in rhodopsin regeneration during dark adaptation. Additionally, endogenous 11-cis retinoids in the retina and RPE cytosols were bound to an Mr 33,000 protein tentatively identified as CRA1BP. The 11-cis retinoid in the retina cytosol was mainly in the form of retinol, while in the RPE cytosol it was mainly in the form of retinal. Substantial amounts of 11 cis retinol were also found in the insoluble (membrane) fraction from the retina. It is suggested that in the mammalian retina 11-cis retinol is generated from all trans retinol (possibly in the Muller cells). Lack of an 11-cis retinol oxidoreductase in the retina prevents it from being utilized for rhodopsin regeneration until it has been transported to the pigment epithelium, where it is converted to 11-cis retinal and returned to the rod outer segments. It is also suggested that IRBP may be implicated in the transport of retinoids between the rod outer segments, the Muller cells and the pigment epithelium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6543482 TI - [Studies on the reverse tolerance phenomenon after repeated methamphetamine treatment in rats]. AB - Male rats of the Wistar strain were divided into three groups, to which three different doses of methamphetamine (MAP), 0.5 mg, 2 mg, and 4 mg/kg/day, respectively, were intraperitoneally administered 5 times per week for 36 days. Stereotyped behaviors were scored according to the method of Ellinwood & Balster. During the period of repeated MAP treatment, these behaviors increased in a dose dependent manner. Group I treated with 0.5 mg/kg of MAP demonstrated more prominently an increased sensitivity to MAP than the other two, Group II with 2 mg/kg and Group III with 4 mg/kg. Following the withdrawal period of 4 weeks, the rats were reinjected with 0.5 mg/kg of MAP. They showed higher scores of stereotypies than those treated acutely with MAP, that is, reverse tolerance for MAP was observed, although this phenomenon was not necessarily observed in a dose dependent manner for each variable of the behaviors. Lethal autonomic response was observed in Group I and II, in which animals appeared to have reverse tolerance for autonomic response to MAP reinjection in contrast to in Group III. It can be concluded that repeated administration of MAP induces stereotyped behaviors in a dose dependent manner, while autonomic response is not likely to form tolerance. PMID- 6543483 TI - Temporal changes in avoidance learning in physically alcohol-dependent rats following withdrawal. AB - The effects of post withdrawal periods over a range of 0 to 48 hours on avoidance learning in physically alcohol-dependent rats were examined in a shuttle-box situation. Liquid diet containing 5% ethyl alcohol was withdrawn after 15 days. The severity of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats changed with time elapsed after withdrawal. Severe withdrawal syndrome such as increase in failure to escape from shock due to convulsion, increase in intertrial responses due to hyperactivity, and death appeared when the test was started 4.5 hours after withdrawal. On the other hand, avoidance learning was reduced almost zero within 24 hours, but it recovered to a normal level 48 hours after withdrawal of alcohol. PMID- 6543484 TI - A study on the Prethcamide hydroxylation system in rat hepatic microsomes. AB - Ethyl butamide and propyl butamide, the active constituents of the analeptic drug named Prethcamide (Ciba-Geigy), undergo biotransformation to respective single metabolites in the presence of rat hepatic microsomes and the NADPH-generating system. Spectral analysis showed that the metabolites were hydroxylated forms of the drug. The hydroxylation was stimulated by NADH and increased ionic strength, and inhibited by the known cytochrome P-450 inhibitors, e.g. SKF-525A, metyrapone, CO and KCN. The drug formed type I binding spectrum with cytochrome P 450. PMID- 6543485 TI - Identical deaf triplets: audiological, speech-language, and psychological characteristics. PMID- 6543486 TI - Role of some CNS peptides in the development of experimental alcoholism. PMID- 6543487 TI - Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the action of typical and atypical antidepressants in the experimental animal. PMID- 6543488 TI - [Free amino acids of chestnuts from Castanea sativa Mill., Castanea crenata Sieb. and Zucc., Castanea molissima Blume and the hybrids: Castanea crenata X sativa]. PMID- 6543490 TI - Antibody responses to Toxocara canis using sera from parasite-infected mice and protection from toxocariasis by immunisation with ES antigens. AB - Evidence for serological cross-reactions between Toxocara canis and related nematode parasites has been sought using sera from infected mice and the immunodiagnostic excretory/secretory (ES) antigen of T. canis larvae. Sera from mice experimentally infected with either T. canis, T. cati, T. pteropodis, Toxascaris leonina or Ascaris suum were tested for the presence of antibodies to T. canis ES antigen by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-mouse IgG. T. canis ES antigen was obtained from the medium used to culture T. canis larvae, this being the same source of antigen as has been used in a highly satisfactory immunodiagnostic test for human toxocariasis (visceral larva migrans). Sera from mice infected with either A. suum, T. cati or T. pteropodis showed definite cross-reactions with T. canis ES antigen in one or other of the two essays used. No reaction between anti T. leonina sera and T. canis ES antigen was demonstrated, although infection levels with this parasite were low in mice. Concerning biological activity of ES antigen, it is of some interest that mice hyperimmunised with T. canis ES antigen in adjuvant were shown to be significantly resistant to infection by T. canis. PMID- 6543489 TI - [A new method for administering cytostatics. Preliminary evaluation in 7 cases of adenocarcinoma of the kidney]. PMID- 6543491 TI - [Old and new approaches to preventing coronary disease with the therapy of hypertension]. PMID- 6543492 TI - [Round table on Hypertension and coronary heart disease: new trends in treatment]. PMID- 6543493 TI - [Neural mechanisms of sudden death]. PMID- 6543494 TI - [Clinical intervention trials: planning, performance and interpretation]. PMID- 6543495 TI - [Epidemiology of coronary pathology in Italy]. PMID- 6543496 TI - [Evaluation criteria in peroperative infarction during myocardial revascularization]. PMID- 6543497 TI - [Ambulatory cardiological diagnosis. Contribution of anamnesis, physical examination and the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6543498 TI - [Behavior of blood pressure during exercise in adolescents at various risks of developing hypertension]. PMID- 6543499 TI - [Efficacy of screening for arterial hypertension in an adult population]. PMID- 6543500 TI - [Systemic embolism in mitral valve disease]. PMID- 6543501 TI - [Recording of magnetic signals produced by the heart using a superconducting magnetometer: initial experimental results and future prospects]. PMID- 6543502 TI - [Insufficiency of the autonomic nervous system in patients on long-term hemodialysis treatment]. PMID- 6543503 TI - [Myocardial infarction in a patient with multiple coronary aneurysms]. PMID- 6543504 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the echocardiographic crux cordis in complex congenital cardiopathies. I. Ebstein's anomaly, malformations of the atrioventricular canal]. PMID- 6543505 TI - [Sodium, calcium and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6543506 TI - [Hypertension, coronary disease and calcium antagonists]. PMID- 6543507 TI - [Hemodynamic responses to the administration of calcium antagonists in hypertension]. PMID- 6543508 TI - [Therapy of hypertension with nifedipine]. PMID- 6543510 TI - [Nifedipine in hypertensive emergencies]. PMID- 6543509 TI - [Renal effects of calcium antagonists]. PMID- 6543512 TI - [Pulmonary arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6543511 TI - [Nifedipine in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6543513 TI - [Side effects of nifedipine]. PMID- 6543514 TI - [Secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Recommendations of the Workshop of the International Society and Federation of Cardiology on the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. Titisee (German Federal Republic), 21-14 October 1983]. PMID- 6543516 TI - Torsion of the testicle in homozygous twins. PMID- 6543515 TI - A method facilitating the demonstration of synergism in the tissue-responses to mixed peptide stimuli. AB - A methodology for the pharmacodynamical assay of mixtures of 2 spasmogenic peptides is described, illustrated and discussed, with reference to a method intended for the chemists (P. Job, 1927). This allows a quick appreciation of the existence of synergism, of its own order of magnitude and of that of the doses for which it is significant. Also given is a fast way of curve-fitting the dose response to individual peptides, according to Clark's approximation. PMID- 6543517 TI - Possible new approaches to the management of seminoma of the testis. AB - A review of 21 newly diagnosed patients with either advanced Stage 2 or Stages 3 and 4 metastatic seminoma treated with platinum based chemotherapy regimes has demonstrated 17 long-term disease-free survivors (81%) compared with 10 of 18 such patients treated by radiotherapy between 1960 and 1977 (56%) and 10 of 34 treated before 1960 (29%). These results somewhat overstate the benefit of chemotherapy over radiotherapy because the incidence of seminoma as a proportion of all germ cell tumours changed, following a change in histological and radiological staging procedures during that period. However, the data presented do suggest that seminoma may be even more sensitive to chemotherapy than malignant teratoma, since 12 of the 21 patients reported received cisplatin as a single agent and 10 of these survived. These observations have lead to a re investigation of the relapse rate of Stage 1 seminoma in a surveillance study. To date, 10 of 11 patients observed have remained relapse-free for a median of 11 months' follow-up. PMID- 6543518 TI - Chemotherapy of testicular tumors. PMID- 6543519 TI - [Proposal for a new criterion of M-mode echocardiographic diagnosis in fixed membranous subvalvular aortic stenosis]. PMID- 6543520 TI - [Diabetic optic neuropathy in pregnancy]. PMID- 6543521 TI - [Retinal arterial macroaneurysms]. PMID- 6543522 TI - [Opening of the angle by laser photocoagulation. Apropos of a case with aphakia]. PMID- 6543523 TI - [Treatment of rupture of the eyeball]. PMID- 6543524 TI - [What is the use of skin tests in uveitis? Retrospective study]. PMID- 6543525 TI - [Immunocytochemical studies of immunoglobulin-producing cells within and around gastric cancer tissue]. PMID- 6543526 TI - Interspecies comparison of in vivo caffeine pharmacokinetics in man, monkey, rabbit, rat, and mouse. PMID- 6543527 TI - Common toxic plant ingestions. AB - This article focuses on some of the more common dangerous plant and mushroom ingestions, discussing toxic components, early symptoms, and treatment. Among the plants considered are oleander, foxglove, hemlock, dieffenbachia, and Amanita phalloides. Details concerning recognition of toxic species are intentionally omitted in an effort to avoid potentially dangerous errors in identification. PMID- 6543528 TI - Detection of drug-dependent IgG antibodies with antiplatelet activity by the antiglobulin consumption assay. AB - Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is a common acquired hemorrhagic disorder. In this study 32 patients with drug-induced thrombocytopenia were examined with the antiglobulin consumption assay. Platelet-associated IgG was elevated in 19 of 20 patients that were analyzed. An increase in serum platelet bindable IgG was observed in 24 subjects after the addition of various drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, noraminopyrine, antibiotics, sulfamides, digoxin, heparin and chenodeoxycholic acid). These findings are significant for the presence of drug dependent platelet antibodies. PMID- 6543529 TI - Prostanoid activation of erythropoiesis. AB - A model is proposed for the role of the kidney in the control of erythropoietin production in which the initial trigger is an oxygen deficit created by anemia, hypobaria or ischemia. It is postulated that hypoxia creates a decrease in the oxygen level in a critical renal sensor cell, perhaps in the glomerular tuft, which eventually leads to the production of prostacyclin. It is possible that the endothelial cell in the glomerular tuft responds to this oxygen deficit to produce prostacyclin to trigger erythropoietin production. Recent studies on prostaglandin synthesis by human isolated glomeruli indicate that the most abundant prostanoid synthesized by the glomerular tuft cells was 6-keto PGF1 alpha, a metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2). PGI2 has also been reported to be produced by isolated vascular endothelial cells. The mechanism by which hypoxia may initiate the synthesis and/or release of prostaglandins and prostacyclin in the renal cell has not been elucidated. Significant to erythropoietin production is the production by hypoxia of prostacyclin which eventually leads to the production of the metabolite 6-keto PGE1. We further propose that 6-keto PGE1 is the prostanoid which activates a specific cell membrane adenylate cyclase, causing the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP. This is a very critical step in that there must be a sufficient amount of ATP remaining to generate cyclic AMP in order for erythropoietin biosynthesis to occur with the reduced level of ATP which may have caused a perturbation of the cell membrane. The elevated cyclic AMP leads to the activation of protein kinases which are essential in phosphorylating the lysosomal hydrolases released by hypoxia into the cytosol of the cell and may be the precursors of erythropoietin. Neutral proteases and lysosomal hydrolases, documented triggers of erythropoietin production, have been demonstrated to be elevated in the kidney after hypoxia. The mechanism of labilization and release of these enzymes from the renal lysosomes has been postulated to be related to increases in cyclic GMP levels in a renal cell. Hypoxia causes the release of renal lysosomal hydrolases which then undergo phosphorylation through activation by protein kinases following prostanoid stimulation of renal adenylate cyclase to generate cyclic AMP, resulting in increased biosynthesis of erythropoietin. PMID- 6543530 TI - Bertiella infection in an adult male in Karnataka. A case report. PMID- 6543531 TI - Role of ovarian hormones on hoarding in rats--feedback mechanism. AB - The adult female rats hoard large quantities of food during proestrus and continue hoarding if ovariectomised at proestrus (Group I). The hoarding score is lowest in diestrus and continue to remain low if ovariectomised during this phase (Group II). The scores in Group I and Group II are reversed in intracerebral administration of Progesterone and Estradiol Benzoate respectively into preoptic areas. The significance of the response is discussed on the basis of built-in feedback mechanism for hoarding cyclicity. PMID- 6543532 TI - Antagonism of apomorphine-induced cage climbing behaviour and methamphetamine stereotypy by fenfluramine in mice. AB - Pretreatment with fenfluramine (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip) in doses which induced head twitches was found to antagonize apomorphine-induced cage climbing behaviour and methamphetamine stereotypy in mice. Since fenfluramine (5 and 10 mg/kg) did not induce catalepsy it indicates that fenfluramine lacks postsynaptic striatal and mesolimbic dopamine receptor blocking activity and it is possible that the fenfluramine-induced enhancement of central 5-hydroxytryptamine neuronal transmission may be responsible for its antagonistic effect on apomorphine induced climbing behaviour and methamphetamine stereotypy. PMID- 6543533 TI - Potentiation of the cataleptic effect of morphine and clonidine by amodiaquine in mice. PMID- 6543534 TI - Immunohistochemistry of human fetus--Ig G, A and M cells in the thymus and spleen. PMID- 6543535 TI - Astrocyte cell lineage. IV. Changes in the organization of microfilaments and adhesion patterns during astrocyte differentiation in culture. AB - The organization of microfilaments using NBD-phallacidin and cell adhesion to substratum by surface reflection interference microscopy was examined during differentiation of astrocytes in colony cultures and correlated with motile behaviour of cells. Disaggregated cells from neopallium of 12-day-old or newborn DBA/1J mouse embryos were used to establish colonies and astrocyte precursor cells at various stages of differentiation along the astrocyte lineage were examined after 3 days, 1, 2 and 4 weeks in culture. The earliest astrocyte precursor cells, the glioblasts, are stationary and form epithelial-type colonies which adhere to the substratum primarily around the edge where large microfilament bundles are found. Bundles of microfilaments are also present around the apical ends of closely packed cells. As the epithelial cells start to separate and transform into flat proastroblasts, adherens-type junctions which have a zig-zag appearance and are associated with microfilaments form between adjacent cells. In the highly motile astroblasts these junctional regions break down into multiple smaller regions where the separated cells remain in contact through fine processes. The astroblasts also have stress fibres, focal contacts with substratum, foci from which microfilament bundles radiate and a complex pattern of fine, circumferentially oriented bundles of microfilaments. This elaborate organization of microfilaments disappears as the motile astroblasts differentiate into stationary fibrous astrocytes that have little polymerized actin and lack focal contacts. These results show that stationary astrocyte precursor cells in vitro go through a highly motile stage having a characteristic distribution of microfilaments and focal contacts before becoming stationary again. We consider that the motile stage could correspond to the stage in vivo when astrocyte precursor cells migrate from the ventricular and subventricular regions to take up position in different parts of the developing brain. PMID- 6543537 TI - [Treatment of established human renal cell carcinoma heterotransplanted in nude mice. 1. Characteristics of transferable human renal cell carcinoma]. PMID- 6543536 TI - NMR imaging of intra-axial tumours of the posterior fossa. 15 cases. PMID- 6543538 TI - [Impairment of ventricular filling without anatomical signs of endocardial or myocardial restriction and constrictive pericarditis]. PMID- 6543539 TI - Acetone precipitation--an improved procedure for the isolation of soybean agglutinin. AB - Isolation of soybean agglutinin (SBA) by the salt fractionation involves excessive amounts of (NH4)2SO4. We have found that SBA could be fractionally precipitated from an aqueous extract by adding acetone (40% final concentration). It is stable under these conditions for minimum 2 h at 5 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Incorporating these results, an improved procedure for the isolation of SBA has been developed. The SBA isolated by this method is obtained in better yield, has 6000 HU/mg protein and is identical to that isolated by the (NH4)2SO4 method as ascertained by chromatographic and electrophoretic comparisons and hapten inhibition assays. PMID- 6543540 TI - [Evaluation using computerized tomography of renal function after cisplatin therapy]. PMID- 6543541 TI - [Cryptosporidiosis in children of Costa Rica: a cross section and longitudinal study]. AB - The present report is a systematic study of children, with and without diarrhea from Costa Rican metropolitan areas and southern rural higlands. Children were observed, respectively, at emergencies, Hospital Nacional de Ninos, and in a field station in Puriscal; urban children were studied vertically, rural children were observed prospectively (cohort study). Cryptosporidium sp. was found in 4.3% of the cases of diarrhea; diarrhea was generally severe in urban children, but mild in the rural. Infection was detected in urban children less than one year of age: contrasting, no rural infants were found infected, which might be related to breast-feeding, since Puriscal infants were intensively breast-fed for several months, while many urban infants were not breast-fed or were weaned earlier. Cryptosporidium sp. appeared during the warm, rainy and humid months of May through August, when the coccidium was associated with 14.8% of the urban and 15.4% of the rural diarrheas. All urban cases presented dehydration which was corrected with oral rehydration salt therapy, and occasionally with intravenous fluids; dehydration was not common in the rural cases. PMID- 6543542 TI - The present status of schistosomiasis in the Philippines. PMID- 6543543 TI - Cytogenetic studies of some species complexes of Anopheles in Thailand and Southeast Asia. AB - Recent studies on cytogenetics, behavioral, geographical and distinct morphological characters on adult, pupal and larval stages have revealed that "balabacensis" is a species complex. Anopheles dirus the mainland species, is distributed widely in Thailand and is renowned for its role as primary vector of human malarial parasites. Further, evidence from cytogenetic and taxonomic studies suggests that "An. dirus" is a species complex comprising at least four distinct species provisionally designated: dirus A, B, C and D. These cryptic species are distinguishable only partially morphologically, but can be separated on the basis of metaphase chromosomes using the Giemsa and Hoechst 33258 staining techniques. Apparently, these siblings show distinct patterns of geographic distribution in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. The recognition of dirus as a complex of species in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia requires a re-evaluation of the role that the individual members of this complex have in the transmission of malaria parasites in this region. Cytological analysis of gene rearrangements in ovarian polytene chromosomes has shown that An. maculatus is a sibling-species complex consisting of at least four species in Thailand provisionally designated: maculatus A, B, C and G. These siblings are sympatric in some populations. Furthermore, species B is so highly polymorphic for chromosome rearrangements that four geographic forms can be recognized. It is not known whether these four forms are subspecies or yet further species within the species B complex. These sibling-species must be differentiated in order to understand any differential capabilities in their transmission of human malaria parasites. Anopheles nivipes was elevated from synonymy under An. philippinensis to full species status by Reid, a decision recently confirmed by cross mating experiments. The Thailand Malaria Division does not differentiate these two species and only identifies An. philippinensis, yet, An. nivipes is by far the most common of the two species in Thailand. Furthermore, preliminary surveys of the ovarian polytene chromosomes of several widely separated populations of An. nivipes in Thailand have revealed at least two distinct chromosomal types of nivipes based on fixed inversions on the X chromosomes. PMID- 6543544 TI - [Results of the work of a district commission on decreasing infant mortality]. PMID- 6543545 TI - [Tympanometry under nitrous oxide anesthesia in cases of seromucous otitis]. AB - The effect of N2O on 41 ears suspicious of seromucoid otitis media is analysed and seems to be without action on important effusion. Tympanometry remains a first-rate test in order to follow the evolution of the disease. PMID- 6543546 TI - [Demonstration of plasminogen activators in the saliva of a predatory insect of the family of Reduviidae (Heteroptera)]. AB - The study of digestive and salivary proteases of Rhapactor biparticeps, has shown that the salivary glands of this insect are rich in proteolytic enzymes, however, the gut has none. The characterisation of these enzymes on different substrates showed that they are only active on fibrinogen and plasmatic proteins which are involved in the coagulation system. Among these fibrinolytic enzymes that has been identified and characterized, are the plasminogen activators. Their unexpected presence in the entomophagic insect is discussed. PMID- 6543547 TI - A tool for the assessment and achievement of family goals within the clinical genetics service. PMID- 6543548 TI - Characteristics of parental response to fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6543549 TI - [The endometrium of intact or castrated rats. Effects of hormonal stimulation. A scanning electron microscopy study]. AB - The endometrium of female rats during the estrous cycle and of female ovariectomised rats under hormone stimulation, has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. The endometrium underwent marked cyclical changes; the development of microvilli was noted before ovulation, and secretory phenomena started during proestrus but remained discrete throughout the cycle. The rat endometrium was also characterised by the fact that ciliated cells were scarce. Following ovariectomy, the endometrial surface pattern was similar to that of the menopausal woman endometrium. After estrogen or estroprogestogen stimulation, by the methods usually employed in endocrine pharmacology, the general endometrial pattern was very different to that observed during the reproductive cycle in rats. PMID- 6543550 TI - Benefit and detriment in the medical use of radiation. Presidential address delivered at the Annual Congress of the British Institute of Radiology, April 1982. PMID- 6543551 TI - Activity of X-linked genes in stem and differentiated Mus musculus X Mus caroli hybrid cells. AB - Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient (HPRT-) F9-derived teratocarcinoma stem cells carrying an SV40 genome (12-16TG cells) were fused with Mus caroli (M. car.) spleen cells, and a stem cell hybrid containing reduced numbers of M. car. chromosomes was isolated (BC6 stem cell). The BC6 cells containing an active X chromosome from each parental cell were induced to differentiate in retinoic acid, and differentiated clones were isolated. Most differentiated clones retained both parental X chromosomes in active form. One differentiated clone, BC6-13, grew equally well in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT) selective medium (which requires an active M. car. HPRT (E.C.2.4.2.8) locus) or in 6-thioguanine (6TG, which would require either loss or inactivation of the M. car. HPRT locus). Using cDNA probes for HPRT and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) (E.C.2.7.2.3) loci and biochemical assays for HPRT and PGK enzymes, it was shown that BC6-13 cells, whether grown in nonselective medium, HAT medium, or 6TG-containing medium, retain the HPRT and PGK genes of both parental cells, but the M. car. forms of HPRT and PGK were inactivated in cells treated with 6TG. 6-Thioguanine seems to act as an inducer, one effect of which is X chromosome inactivation, which seems to be complete and irreversible as early as 24 h after addition of 6TG to BC6-13 cells. PMID- 6543552 TI - [75 cases of argon laser iridectomy using Abraham's method in angle-closure glaucoma]. PMID- 6543553 TI - [Treatment of chronic glaucoma with the argon laser]. PMID- 6543554 TI - [The monochromatic green argon laser. Evaluation based on a 2-year comparative study. 2: Clinical study]. PMID- 6543555 TI - [152 cases of uveitis. Etiologic survey]. PMID- 6543556 TI - Vaginoplasty in University College Hospital, Ibadan: 1973-1979. PMID- 6543557 TI - Rhythmic changes of human female uroepithelial squamous cells during menstrual cycle. Transmission and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The cellular component of the fluid of female urethral expulsions was analysed in two healthy women (37-year-old multipara and 27-year-old nullipara) on days 1, 10, 12, 14, 26 and 27 of their menstrual cycle. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine standard values of uroepithelial squamous cells of the fluid of female urethral expulsions on different days of the menstrual cycle. In agreement with the known changes of these cells found in cytological smears during the cycle, electron microscopy confirmed characteristic changes in the appearance of the fine cell structure and the space configuration of the squamous cells. Changes in the desmosomal junctions among squamous cells during the cycle were found. Striking adherence of bacteria and mucosubstances to the squamous cell surfaces were observed in the first half of the menstrual cycle and at the time of ovulation. PMID- 6543559 TI - Silver's syndrome with unusual presentations. PMID- 6543560 TI - Vitamin-D binding protein levels in liver cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6543558 TI - Circatrigintan (30 +/- 5 d) variations of the cellular component of female urethral expulsion fluid. A biometrical study. AB - Data on the amount of uroepithelial squamous cells released into the fluid of urethral expulsions were obtained in a 37-year-old multipara by daily five consecutive repeated applications of the digital stimulation technique, carried out over the period of one and a half of her menstrual cycle. During the secretory phase of the cycle the rate of the cellular component was far higher than during the proliferative phase. These quantitative biometrically analysed data provide a complementary picture to the qualitative cytological changes of uroepithelial squamous cells occurring during the menstrual cycle that have been reported so far. PMID- 6543561 TI - Galactorrhea after radical mastectomy. PMID- 6543562 TI - [Endometriosis and genital carcinoma]. AB - From 1975 to 1977, out of 3065 women with major vaginal and abdominal operations, 343 were found to have endometriosis (11.1%). Of the latter, 36 (10.4%) had also genital cancer, i.e. cervical (22 women), endometrial (6 women), and ovarian (8 women). In none of these cases was a malignant alteration of endometriosis observed. PMID- 6543563 TI - [Proposals for an ecological control of Argentinian hemorrhagic fever by management of the habitat]. PMID- 6543565 TI - Embryotoxic and teratogenic effect of high intensity, low frequency ultrasonic vibration on chicken embryos. AB - Controlled exposure of chicken embryos to continuous 30 W/cm2, 29 kHz ultrasonic vibration in a water medium produced, in proportion to exposure, progressively retarded growth or death. Analysis supports, and observation confirms, the presence of cavitation in the water medium. The effects reported here differ substantially from published observations of megaHertz insonation of chicken embryos at similar intensities. The experiments closely resemble in method of application, frequency and intensity the operation of several ultrasonic surgical and dental instruments. PMID- 6543564 TI - [A nematode parasite of the penguin Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster) (Ascaridoidea, Anisakidae)]. AB - The nematodes were collected from the penguin Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster) (Sphenisciformes). A study from the main species of Contracaecum that occur in penguins and piscivorous birds from the south hemisphere is made, more specifically the C. eudyptulae Johnston & Mawson, 1942a, C. eudyptes Johnston & Mawson, 1953, C. heardi Mawson, 1953, C. antarcticum Johnston, 1938, C. prevosti Tcheprakoff, 1966, C. spiculigerum (Rudolphi, 1809), C. osculatum (Rudolphi, 1802), C. scotti (Leiper & Atkinson, 1914) and C. pelagicum Johnston & Mawson, 1942b. C. pelagicum is redescribed and turns to be a new reference for Spheniscus magellanicus (Forster). PMID- 6543566 TI - Genetic and environmental variation of ridge-counts on fingers, palms, soles and toes: a twin study. AB - A multivariate procedure for estimating heritable components from twin data was applied to ridge counts obtained from the entire dermatoglyphic system. Covariance matrices of MZ and DZ within-pair differences were used to estimate genetic correlation matrices for 20 finger ridge counts, 6 palmar interdigital counts, 20 toe counts, 4 hallucal counts, and 6 sole interdigital counts. The proportion of genetic variation was found to be greater in ridge counts of patterns than in ridge counts of interdigital areas. On digits, finger counts are more highly heritable than toe counts. Each of the dermatoglyphic areas yielded several independent genetic components, ranging from general to specific. Environmental variation was found to be local and to frequently involve reciprocal interaction between twin pairs. PMID- 6543567 TI - Sense and nonsense in genetic epidemiology: a critique of the statistical model of Williams and Iyer. AB - The statistical model for the analysis of twin-family data of Williams and Iyer is examined. The model uses a large number of redundant parameters. It does not lead to quantitative predictions for new relationships. It allows for epistasis but not dominance. It makes assumptions about assortative mating which are inconsistent with any biologically plausible mechanism. It assumes that the environmental correlation between parent and offspring is due to the direct effect of the parental genotypes, not phenotypes, on offspring environment. Other models which avoid these problems are more appropriate for the analysis of extended twin-family data. PMID- 6543568 TI - Adaptation to maximal effort: genetics vs. environment. A case history. AB - An individual's functional ability in physiological responsiveness is thought to be an interaction between his heredity and his environment. This hypothesis was tested to determine if different extragenetic influences would alter functional adaptability in a set of MZ triplets. After a 3-month aerobic physical fitness training program varying only in frequency measured values for the triplets' maximum oxygen consumption (MaxVo2) were 59.1, 44.5, and 57.8 ml/min/kg, as compared to pretreatment values of 45.2, 45.1, and 49.1 ml/min/kg respectively. These results clearly indicate intrapair differences in functional adaptability, stemming from difference in the training frequency program. The split-triplet design of this study indicates that environmental factors contribute substantially to the intrapair variance found among MZ siblings. Data extrapolation suggests that environmental stimulation of sufficient magnitude is likely to alter the functional adaptability in the individual set by his genotype. PMID- 6543569 TI - Central pockets in dermatoglyphic analysis: classification, frequency, twin and family data. AB - Central pockets were defined as small, loop-enclosed whorls whose quantitative values must not exceed the third part of the quantitative value of the loop or as small, whorl-like patterns in the core of a loop having at least one curved ridge with its convexity towards the opening of the loop. Applying this classification scheme, the frequency of central pockets was found to be 17.5% in 200 males and 17.0% in 200 females, but was significantly higher in a sample of 21 male and 22 female pairs of MZ twins (33.2% and 34.1%, respectively). Twin as well as family data (94 families with 269 children) pointed to a rather weak hereditary influence upon the formation of central pockets. Rudimentary central pockets occurred in 9.5% of males and 10.0% of females. Since no common genetic basis could be established for central pockets and rudimentary central pockets, the latter should not be scored as central pockets. PMID- 6543570 TI - [Chemical studies on the alkaloids from hu-man-teng (Gelsemium elegans Benth.). II. The structure of humantenidine]. PMID- 6543572 TI - [Central effect of new derivatives of ethylenediamine and imidazolidinone-2]. PMID- 6543571 TI - [Central pharmacological activity of new piperazine derivatives]. PMID- 6543573 TI - [The protein quality of commercial products of texturized soybean protein and meat mixtures]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the protein quality of eight commercial samples of texturized soybean protein (TSP) collected in the food markets of various Latin American countries. The study also included experiments designed to establish the limiting amino acids in those products, and studies to evaluate the process of texturization by extrusion cooking. Finally, experiments were also carried out to evaluate the effect of replacement of meat by TSP as well as the supplementary value of the latter to tortilla flour. The eight samples were characterized for their functional properties and protein quality. The results obtained indicate that all samples were different in density, water absorption, and nitrogen solubility. Likewise, all samples were different in their lysine, methionine and threonine content, with PER values ranging from 1.75 to 2.31. Protein quality standard value is 2.3. The amino acid supplementation studies showed a positive significant response to methionine addition, particularly in those products exhibiting low PER values. The addition of both lysine and threonine to the methionine-supplemented product, increased PER significantly. The data also demonstrated that replacement of more than 25% of meat protein by TSP protein decreased protein quality of the product, even when a TSP with an accepted protein quality value was used. This product was also found to supplement the quality of tortilla protein. Finally, it was established that the texturization process did not reduce the protein quality of soybean protein. Based on these results, it is concluded that the variability in the protein quality measured in the eight TSP samples was due to the initial quality of the soy flour texturized, which was already damaged before texturization. For this reason, it is recommended that Latin American countries establish TSP quality standards when this product is used as a protein extender for meat, and that appropriate systems be implemented for the quality control of such products. PMID- 6543574 TI - Effects of ovarian hormones on ovarian capillary blood flow in anoestrous ewes. AB - The indicator fractionation technique with [86Rb]rubidium chloride as the indicator was used to determine the relative blood flow (RBF) as a measure of capillary blood flow in the ovaries of conscious, hormonally treated, anoestrous ewes. Treatment of ewes with either progesterone only or oestradiol only had no effect on ovarian RBF, but treatment with oestradiol subsequent to progesterone caused a significant increase (P less than 0.001). Consequently, it appears that progesterone-induced sensitivity of the ovarian vasculature to the vasodilatory effects of oestradiol may be responsible for increased ovarian blood flow around oestrus in cyclic ewes. PMID- 6543575 TI - Further study of induced behavioral dependence on ethanol in rats. AB - This study extends previous work from our laboratory on the induction of a high consumption of alcohol in rats, following a chronic treatment by high doses of ethanol. Thirty-three rats exhibited voluntary consumption of ethanol averaging 11 g/kg/24 hr after the chronic treatment. Twenty-two controls submitted to the same procedure of testing drunk 6 g/kg/24 hr. The results are interpreted as a basis for discussing the possible mechanisms involved in alcohol addiction. PMID- 6543576 TI - Ethanol-stress interaction: differences among ethanol-preferring rats' responses to restraint. AB - Rats were screened in an alcohol-water free-choice paradigm and divided into low ethanol preferring (1.5-2.5 g/kg/day), medium-ethanol-preferring (2.5-4.5 g/kg/day) and high-ethanol-preferring (4.5-6.0 g/kg/day) groups. In addition, a non-ethanol-exposed group was included. Each of these groups was again subdivided with half the animals in a group being food deprived for 16 hr, and the other half having ad lib access to food. All rats were then subjected to restraint in the supine position in a cold (4-6 degrees C) environment for 3 hr. Significant differences in ulcer incidence and severity (cumulative length of the ulcers expressed in millimeters) occurred, suggesting that higher intake of alcohol is associated with greater ulcer severity. This pattern occurred for both food deprived and non-deprived animals. PMID- 6543577 TI - Effect of treatment dose and test system on the development of ethanol tolerance and physical dependence. AB - The development of ethanol tolerance as a function of daily treatment dosage was examined on two different test systems. Tolerance to the motor-impairment effect of ethanol, as measured by the tilting-plane test, failed to develop after daily administration of 1-3 g/kg, but developed to equal degrees after 4 or 5 g/kg daily. On the other hand, daily treatment with 2, 4 or 6 g/kg all produced significant tolerance to the hypothermic effect, and the extent of tolerance was proportional to the treatment dosage. Twenty-four hours after the termination of ethanol treatment, there was a significant hypothermia in the group treated with 6 g/kg, and at 32 hr hyperthermia occurred in both the 4 and 6 g/kg groups. These results indicate that treatment dosage is an important determinant of the extent of ethanol tolerance and physical dependence, but that the relationship is complex and varies with the test system used. PMID- 6543578 TI - Acute alcohol exposure during gestational day 8 in the rat: effects upon physical and behavioral parameters. AB - Pregnant rats on the eighth day of gestation (GD 8) received 2 intraperitoneal injections (0.015 ml/g body weight) spaced by an interval of 4 hours, of either 0, 6, 12 18, or 24% (v/v) alcohol solution. Brains of pups sacrificed 24 hours after delivery revealed a dose-related impairment in hemispheric and cerebellar length, width and weight. Statistically significant differences were also observed in body weights of culled pups during Post-partum Day 1. An open field test performed when offspring were 40-45 days old demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in ambulation and rearing scores for both males and females and in defecation scores for females only. Although behavioral studies revealed no effects on acquisition or retention of an active avoidance response, there was a dose-dependent impairment in transfer to passive avoidance conditioning. The present results demonstrate that in the rat, an alcohol insult during GD 8 is sufficient to induce morphological and behavioral alterations in the offspring. PMID- 6543579 TI - [Technic and results of photocoagulation in senile macular degeneration]. PMID- 6543580 TI - [Laboratory study of traditional Chinese medicine for the prevention and treatment of hemolytic diseases of the newborn infant]. PMID- 6543581 TI - Chromosome-aberration tests. AB - Three points related to the subject of chromosome-aberration tests and carcinogenicity screening are dealt with in this paper. First, the relation between chromosome rearrangements and oncogenesis is briefly discussed, to stress the relevance of cytogenetic assays to assessment of the carcinogenic potential of drugs. Secondly, some recent ideas concerning the origin of chemically-induced chromosome aberrations are reported. In particular, the involvement of specific DNA lesions caused by alkylating agents and the possible mechanism of action of tumour promoters with regard to the induction of chromosomal breakage are recalled. Finally, a number of in vivo and in vitro mammalian cytogenetic assays are briefly described. PMID- 6543582 TI - [Cysticercosis in Mexico]. PMID- 6543583 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of vascular origin]. PMID- 6543584 TI - Putative methods for prevention and treatment of neonatal septicemia. AB - The high mortality rate observed in newborn infants who contract bacterial sepsis within the first day of life has prompted investigators to seek new methods for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. Among the putative measures recommended for prevention are: administration of antimicrobials to all infants at the time of delivery, identification and treatment of pregnant women colonized with those bacteria known to be major neonatal pathogens and immunization of women to major neonatal pathogens. Three other measures, targeted at diminishing the mortality and morbidity in those in whom preventive measures fail, include: granulocyte transfusion, exchange transfusion and administration of antibody. PMID- 6543585 TI - Use of erythrocytapheresis in the treatment of patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - We performed exchange transfusions, utilizing the technique of automated erythrocytapheresis, for the treatment of patients with sickle cell anemia. In an attempt to determine guidelines for the use of erythrocytapheresis, we studied the use of this procedure in three distinct clinical situations in nine patients with sickle cell disease. Patients with dangerous complications of sickle cell disease such as acute respiratory distress and priapism responded well to erythrocytapheresis, showing marked improvement within 24-48 hours. Patients with prolonged painful vasoocclusive crises showed only variable improvement after erythrocytapheresis therapy, insufficient to justify exposing the patient to the risks of the procedure. Patients treated to decrease the frequency of painful crises demonstrated no prolongation in symptom-free intervals between crises. Therefore, erythrocytapheresis has its main value in the management of acute, dangerous complications of sickle cell disease. PMID- 6543586 TI - Treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura with plasma exchange: five cases. AB - Five patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) were treated with corticosteroids, plasma exchange (PE), and antiplatelet agents. ABO- and Rh compatible fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) was used as the replacement fluid. None of the patients received FFP infusion without PE. The patients were followed for 14 32 months after initial treatment. Four of the five patients are in complete clinical remission. One responded to plasma exchange but died of heart disease. This report shows an 80% survival rate which is markedly better than that without the use of PE and FFP infusion. We found dramatic clinical and hematologic improvement beginning shortly after initiating treatment. Two patients showed reversal of their initial clinical and hematologic improvement when PE was discontinued, despite continuing treatment with antiplatelet drugs and in one with corticosteroids. Both patients showed hematologic and clinical remission after reinstitution of PE. None of the survivors had any neurologic or renal deficit. They were maintained on aspirin and dipyridamole for 1 year after discharge. PMID- 6543587 TI - A catheter-induced syncopal attack in a case of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. AB - A 48-year-old man with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) was studied by serial cardiac catheterization during incidentally induced syncope. His hospital admission was for repeated syncopal attacks and chest pain. His electrocardiogram showed giant negative T waves (greater than 10 mm) in V3, V4 and V5 leads, and his M-mode echocardiogram disclosed typical asymmetric septal hypertrophy, systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve, and a midsystolic semiclosure of the aortic valve. During cardiac catheterization, we incidentally induced syncope and recorded the serial pressure changes. During syncope, systemic blood pressure dropped without appreciable changes in pulmonary arterial and right ventricular pressures. Although blood pressure was maintained by administering etilefrine and hydrocortisone, syncope persisted. After administration of propranolol, he recovered from syncope. He was on sinus rhythm throughout the examinations. The ejection time (ET) obtained from the aortic pressure curve was extremely short (160 msec) during syncope and prolonged (300 msec) after recovery without significant change in the heart rate. We believe that the prompt intravenous administration of propranolol was very effective in relieving myocardial spasm as a possible cause of syncope. PMID- 6543589 TI - [Shortening characteristics of the interventricular septum measured by biplane coronary cineangiograms]. AB - The shortening characteristics of the interventricular septum may differ from those of the free wall because the contraction of the right ventricle can interfere with the motion of the interventricular septum. Biplane left coronary cineangiography were performed for 19 normal subjects, eight patients with old anteroseptal infarction and seven patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The coordinates of the points on the left coronary artery were measured, and the spatial distances (segment length) between any of those two points were calculated. The maximum value of the segment length (Lmax), the minimum value (Lmin), the value at the R wave of the electrocardiogram (LECG R) and that at the end of systole (LES) were calculated. We calculated the total shortening rate as (Lmax--Lmin)/Lmax X 100 and systolic shortening rate as (LECG R--LES)/LECG R X 100. In normal subjects, the total shortening rate was 10.1 +/- 2.7 (SD) at the anterior interventricular septum; 11.8 +/- 3.3 at the interior interventricular septum; and 13.4 +/- 4.5 at the free wall, and 7.9 +/- 4.2% at the atrioventricular groove. Systolic shortening rates in these four areas were 7.2 +/- 2.7, 9.3 +/- 3.7, 9.8 +/- 4.0 and 0.8 +/- 8.1%, respectively, also demonstrating smaller shortening at the anterior interventricular septum than at the free wall. In patients with anteroseptal infarction, total shortening rates were 7.4 +/- 1.9, 7.8 +/- 4.4, 10.4 +/- 3.5 and 8.3 +/- 3.6% respectively, likewise showing decreased shortening at the anterior interventricular septum. In these patients, decreases of systolic shortening rates at the anterior or interior interventricular septum were more marked; namely 4.4 +/- 2.7 and 2.4 +/- 3.6%, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543588 TI - [Evaluation of septal hypertrophy and wall dynamics by biventricular cineangiography and endomyocardial biopsy]. AB - To clarify clinically the pathogenesis of septal hypertrophy in terms of its morphology and wall dynamics, simultaneous biventricular cineangiography (BVG) and endomyocardial biopsy of the left ventricle were performed for patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. The patients were categorized in four groups according to their clinical and BVG findings; 1) 24 normal control subjects (C), 2) 39 patients with hypertension and symmetrical septal hypertrophy (SH-HT), 3) 17 patients with hypertension and asymmetrical septal hypertrophy characterized by the ratio (IVS/PW) greater than or equal to 1.3 by BVG, and 4) 25 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The BVG's configuration of the septum in SH-HT showed a normal form of septal hypertrophy (NH form) essentially similar to that of the control subjects (N form), except for septal thickness increases of more than 10 mm. In HCM, a triangle or shell (TS) form or spindle (S) form of the septum was demonstrated by BVG. The TS form was characterized by straight or convex thickening of the septum from its center to its base toward the left ventricle. The S form was characterized by convex thickening localized to the central part and a relatively thin base. However, the configuration in ASH-HT was either the NH form (7 cases) or the TS or S form (10 cases). The configuration in ASH-HT with the NH form was not distinguishable from that of SH-HT, nor was the configuration in ASH-HT with the TS or S form distinguishable from that of HCM. Systolic thickening (%) of the septum and systolic shortening (%) of the septal length decreased significantly in this order: C, SH-HT, ASH-HT with the NH form, and ASH-HT with the TS or S form. Those of HCM were similar to those of ASH-HT with the TS or S form. In the cases of the N or NH form, there was a negative correlation between systolic thickening (%) and thickness of the septum in diastole. In cases with the TS or S form, systolic thickening (%) was not affected by the thickness of the septum in diastole, and a lower value was observed in all cases. Histological studies of endomyocardial biopsies revealed a positive correlation between the transverse diameters of the myocytes and the total systemic peripheral resistance (TSPR) in 25 patients with SH-HT. In 12 patients with HCM, there was no correlation, and severe hypertrophy of the myocytes was observed despite a lower TSPR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6543590 TI - Magnesium and potassium deprivation and supplementation in animals and man: aspects in view of intestinal absorption. AB - States of K and Mg deficiency, deprivation or depletion, are difficult to detect by determining serum concentrations, since both cations are concentrated intracellularly. The intestinal absorption of K is rather quick and complete; the uptake of Mg probably comprises two mechanisms and proceeds continuously, although incomplete. The resulting different pharmakokinetic behavior must be kept in mind when K and Mg are supplemented by the oral route. Favorable effects of oral K and Mg supplementation are reviewed, and the fact is stressed that the body cannot retain K, unless the Mg status is adequate. Therefore, K should be supplemented together with Mg. Drugs like amiloride not only spare K, but at the same time prevent renal losses of other important electrolytes, especially of chloride and Mg. PMID- 6543591 TI - [24-hour sleep deprivation as a method of activating EEG signs in epilepsy]. AB - In 195 patients with suspected epilepsy 24-hour waking was used as an activation method. Routine EEG tracings were normal in these cases (58%) or showed only non characteristic changes (21%). In only 21% of cases typical seizure activity was visible. Typical epileptic changes were demonstrated after this activation in 43% of cases, that is twice as frequently. Seizure activity appeared usually at the time of somnolence and during light sleep, and 30-minute EEG recording was sufficient for its demonstration. PMID- 6543592 TI - Circadian rhythms in multiple unit activity inside and outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the diurnal chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus). AB - In the siberian chipmunk, a diurnal rodent, a pair of bipolar electrodes were implanted bilaterally near the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Long-term simultaneous recordings of multiple unit activity (MUA) inside and outside the SCN revealed diurnal rhythms inside the SCN that showed a daytime peak in activity during a 24 h light-dark cycle (LD 12:12). These rhythms persisted during constant darkness. MUA outside the SCN and overt behavior showed circadian rhythms that paralleled MUA inside the SCN. No phase reversal similar to that found in the nocturnal rat was observed. PMID- 6543593 TI - [Generalized congenital fibromatosis]. PMID- 6543594 TI - [Use of intravenous gamma globulin in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 6543595 TI - [Determination of IgG associated with platelets by immunoelectroassay]. PMID- 6543596 TI - The medical management of male infertility. PMID- 6543597 TI - Primary treatment of urethral trauma. PMID- 6543598 TI - The role of lower urinary tract dynamics in children. PMID- 6543599 TI - Hypertrophy of actin bundles in tubular cells in acute renal failure. AB - Small bundles of actin filaments are normally present in the basal part of proximal and distal renal tubular cells and are attached to the basal cell membrane. Their functional significance is unknown, but by contracting they may have a function as a modulator of the intratubular pressure. Increased thickness and number of such actin bundles have been thought to occur in various pathologic conditions, including acute renal failure (ARF), but no quantitative data have been provided. In 19 cases of ARF of the ischemic type ("acute tubular necrosis"), the volume of these bundles was determined by morphometry and expressed per unit area underlying basement membrane (BM). It was found that in ARF there is a significant twofold to fourfold increase in actin bundles in proximal and distal tubular cells compared with findings in nine controls. PMID- 6543600 TI - Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in peripheral nerve sheath tumors. AB - A spectrum of 24 benign and malignant nerve sheath tumors and 10 non-neural spindle-cell tumors were studied by light microscopy for the presence of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity by the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. In 8 cases, these results were compared to their electron microscopic appearances. Seventy percent (7 of 10) of benign schwannomas and 50% (4 of 8) of benign neurofibromas demonstrated focal to diffuse GFAP immunoreactivity. None of the malignant nerve sheath tumors nor any of the non neural spindle-cell neoplasms contained demonstrable GFAP immunoreactivity. Similarly, no GFAP immunoreactivity could be detected in Schwann cells in normal peripheral nerves. The solitary benign schwannoma available for electron microscopic study demonstrated diffuse and abundant cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, and this tumor displayed diffuse and intense GFAP immunoreactivity. Two benign neurofibromas showed a more variable content of intermediate filaments ultrastructurally, and their GFAP immunoreactivity was variable. All five malignant nerve sheath tumors studied by electron microscopy displayed a variable complement of intermediate filaments; however, none of these tumors possessed GFAP immunoreactivity, suggesting that these intermediate filaments are either members of a different class of intermediate filaments or may perhaps represent "altered" GFAP not recognized by these antisera. PMID- 6543601 TI - Diurnal changes in the metabolic indices in the blood of racing Arabian horses. AB - In 8 stallions and 6 mares of pure Arabian breed the diurnal changes in the levels of lactic and pyruvic acid, glucose, and alkaline reserve were studied. All of them showed distinct diurnal changes but they failed to fulfil the criteria of circadian rhythm according to Halberg. It was found that all peaks occurred during the dark phase of the 24 h period except the glucose level in the stallions. Three of the indices studied showed higher mean diurnal levels in the mares than in the stallions. Only in the glucose level the mean values were reversed. PMID- 6543602 TI - [Reconstructive surgery of the urological complications of gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 6543603 TI - [Chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 6543604 TI - [Changes in the treatment of urinary tract lesions during the last 40 years]. PMID- 6543605 TI - [The urological group of the EORTC (European Organization for Research on the Treatment of Cancer), 1976-1984]. PMID- 6543606 TI - [Hypertrophic myocardiopathy. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 6543607 TI - Periodic availability: factors affecting alcohol selection in rats. AB - The joint influence of alcohol availability conditions and alcohol concentration on the acquisition and maintenance of alcohol selection was examined in non alcohol preferring Sprague-Dawley rats. Relative alcohol selection increased gradually in rats given periodic access to 10% alcohol but was immediately apparent in rats given periodic access to 5% alcohol. Rats given continuous access to alcohol (either forced or choice) did not show similar increases in alcohol selection until switched to the periodic schedule. The increases were not sustained in any group when alcohol became continuously available. Comparable increases in alcohol selection were evident in rats given periodic access to alcohol on various fixed schedules or on a random schedule. Several factors appear to influence the degree of alcohol selection under conditions of periodic availability: alcohol concentration, nature of prior experience with alcohol, the frequency of access to alcohol, the regularity of the periodic access to alcohol, and differences in individual responsivity to the schedule variable. PMID- 6543609 TI - Morphine and naloxone modulate intake of ethanol. AB - Rats, deprived of food and water for 18 hr, were given an opportunity to drink water and sweetened ethanol solution for 1 hr prior to being fed and watered for 5 hr, daily. One group received water and sucrose solution without ethanol and other groups received water and sucrose solution with 3, 6, 12 or 24% ethanol. Prior to some days' opportunities to drink, rats were injected with morphine (2.5 mg/kg), naloxone (10 mg/kg), or saline. Morphine increased intake of solutions containing ethanol as compared to intake under placebo. Naloxone reduced intakes of both fluids. Since morphine only increased sucrose solution intake when it contained ethanol, it was concluded that increments in opioid activity increase rats' avidity for ethanol. PMID- 6543608 TI - Differential response to ethanol, pentobarbital and morphine in mice selectively bred for ethanol sensitivity. AB - Males of two lines of mice, long sleep (LS) and short sleep (SS), that had been selectively bred for their differential sensitivity to ethanol-induced sleep, were examined for their responses to the hypothermic and analgesic effects of ethanol, pentobarbital and morphine, and to the cataleptic effect of morphine. SS mice were found to be less sensitive than the LS animals to ethanol but not pentobarbital-induced analgesia and hypothermia. The SS animals were also less sensitive to morphine-induced hypothermia, but were, by contrast, more sensitive than their LS counterparts to morphine-induced analgesia, while no line differences existed with respect to catalepsy. The rate of morphine disappearance from the blood was somewhat higher in the LS animals but this difference is probably too small to account for the observed differential responses to morphine. PMID- 6543610 TI - Schedule-induced ethanol dependence and phenobarbital preference. AB - Rats exposed to a daily 3-hr session of intermittent food delivery ingested physical-dependence-produced levels of 5% ethanol solution. Although this schedule induced a chronic, voluntary, daily overindulgence, this had no effect on 21-hr home-cage phenobarbital preference. The substitution of water for 5% ethanol during the daily 3-hr binge session did not change home-cage phenobarbital preference, which remained stable and similar to that of a control group of non-binging animals. This experiment and others indicate that physical dependence on ethanol does not play a major role in the maintenance of ethanol abuse or cross-abuse of the barbiturates. PMID- 6543611 TI - Motor impairment, narcosis and hypothermia by ethanol: separate genetic mechanisms. AB - The AT and ANT rat lines, developed by selective outbreeding for differential ethanol-induced motor impairment, were tested for their sensitivity to the hypothermic and narcotic (loss of righting reflex) effects of ethanol. In contrast to the large differences between the lines in their degree of motor impairment, as measured with both the tilting-plane and rotarod tests, only minor differences were observed in duration of loss of righting reflex or hypothermia. Therefore, we suggest that genetically determined factors influencing motor impairment are for the most part dissociated from the factors determining the hypothermic and narcotic effects of ethanol. PMID- 6543612 TI - Revitalization of the AA and ANA rat lines: effects on some line characteristics. AB - After 37 generations, the AA and ANA rat lines developed for high and low voluntary alcohol consumption, were revitalized by crossing with hybrid (Brown Norwegian X Lewis) rats. The line difference in alcohol consumption continued, although initially diminished, after revitalization. The greater acetaldehyde accumulation and longer loss of righting reflex after ethanol administration of the ANAs persisted after revitalization, but significant line differences in motor impairment were no longer found. The line characteristics for open-field test behavior were also different than before revitalization. Of the previously observed line differences that have now been reexamined, the level of blood acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism appears to be the most closely related to the genetically-determined factors influencing alcohol consumption. PMID- 6543613 TI - Increased voluntary alcohol drinking concurrent with REM-sleep deprivation. AB - The alcohol intake of twenty adult Long-Evans male rats was recorded before, during and after rapid eye movement sleep (REM) deprivation produced with the flowerpot technique modified by using a cuff pedestal and an electrified grid floor instead of water. The alcohol intake reached a steady level of 2.8 g/kg/day in the 3 weeks before REM deprivation. During seven REM-sleep deprivation days the alcohol intake was significantly elevated, finally increasing to 3.7 g/kg/day. A rebound decrease in alcohol drinking was then observed during the "REM-rebound" phase immediately after the termination of REM-sleep deprivation. The results suggest a possible vicious circle of REM-sleep deprivation increasing alcohol drinking and alcohol intake causing REM-sleep deprivation. PMID- 6543614 TI - Evidence for altered lesion-induced sprouting in the dentate gyrus of adult rats exposed to ethanol in utero. AB - Quantitative computer-assisted image processing techniques were used to measure changes in the Timm sulfide silver histochemical staining in the dentate gyrus of rats exposed to ethanol during gestation and following unilateral entorhinal lesions as adults. Prenatal exposure to a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol derived calories (12.6 +/- 0.9 g/kg/day) had no effect on the size of either the inner or total molecular layers. However, prenatal ethanol exposure did affect afferent reorganization when animals were lesioned as adults. There was a significant increase in the width and area of the inner molecular layer compared to control rats with similar lesions. The increase was interpreted as an exaggerated post-lesion expansion of the commissural/associational fibers. This alteration of a stereotypic sprouting response was not a general effect; no change was observed in mossy fiber sprouting in the dentate gyrus. These findings suggest that heavy maternal ethanol consumption can have long-lasting consequences on the developing central nervous system, but that such effects are not common to every form of axon sprouting. PMID- 6543615 TI - Comparison of two intravenous infusion schedules for inducing physical dependence upon ethanol in rat. AB - Male hooded rats were implanted with intravenous (IV) cannulas and housed in operant chambers. The effectiveness of two infusion schedules for producing physical dependence upon ethanol was assessed. Twenty-three rats (12 ethanol, 11 control) were tested under a 4 hr interinfusion schedule (one infusion every 4 hr, around the clock), and 29 rats (15 ethanol, 14 control) were tested under a 2 hr interinfusion schedule. During the dependence induction phase, which lasted for 6 days, the experimental rats received ethanol (30% v/v) at an average daily dose which ranged from 8.4-11.8 g/kg, and the dose administered per infusion was adjusted according to the degree of intoxication of each animal. The pair-fed control subjects received infusions of isocaloric control solutions (either 29% v/v propylene glycol or 31% v/v glycerol). Following the dependence induction phase, ethanol was withdrawn, and withdrawal symptoms were assessed. Blood ethanol levels (BEL) and signs of intoxication were determined through all phases of the experiment. During the dependence induction phase, mortality was close to zero, and weight loss was held to about 10%. Tolerance to ethanol developed in all experimental rats. During the withdrawal period, all ethanol rats developed clear withdrawal symptoms, while control subjects did not. Ethanol elimination rates ranged between 45-50 mg/dl/hr and withdrawal symptoms began when BEL fell below 200 mg/dl, and were severe when BEL approached zero. The 2 hr schedule proved superior to the 4 hr schedule in that it led to greater stability of BEL during dependence induction, and a tendency for the withdrawal reaction to be more severe.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543616 TI - A simple procedure using 4-methylpyrazole for developing tolerance and other chronic alcohol effects. AB - Young rats given ethanol chronically by gradually increasing the concentration in the drinking fluid to 17.5% reached a maximal daily consumption of 15-17 g ethanol/kg body wt., which corresponded to 35-40% of their energy intake. This chronic treatment was markedly potentiated by additional supplementation of the drinking fluid with a low dose of the alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor 4 methylpyrazole. Rats on this regimen exhibited higher and more sustained blood ethanol levels. Consequently, more pronounced functional and metabolic tolerance developed and more frequent signs of physical dependence was observed than in rats drinking only ethanol solution. Simple provision of drinking fluid supplemented with ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole appears to provide a nutritionally adequate and easy way to produce tolerance and other chronic alcohol effects. PMID- 6543618 TI - [Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma in a male: report of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6543617 TI - Periodicity of chronic ethanol administration as a variable in the induction of dependence in rats. AB - The effect of periodicity of chronic ethanol intragastric administrations on the induction of physical and behavioral dependence on ethanol has been assessed in two groups of rats. In the two groups, rats initially selected for an identical sensitivity to ethanol, were administered daily 10 g per kg b.w. during 15 days. In one group, this daily dose was administered in six intragastric pulses of 1.7 g/kg each, 3 hours apart. In the other group, the same 10 g/kg daily dose was administered in three pulses of 3.33 g/kg, 6 hours apart. In control rats determinations of blood ethanol level in these two treatment conditions showed that the daily area of blood alcohol was 2.5 times higher in the first condition than in the second one. After the 15 days of chronic forced administration, experimental rats were subjected during 6 days to an alternate eight hours single bottle presentation of 10% ethanol solution and water. In this final test of the induced behavioral dependence, rats chronically treated by small frequent doses, displayed the highest intake of ethanol solution versus water. It is concluded that periodicity of a chronic administration or intake of ethanol is an important parameter in the induction of dependence, and the frequent administration of a small daily dose distributed in higher and less frequent unitary administrations. PMID- 6543619 TI - N-nitrosamines in snuff and chewing tobacco on the Swedish market in 1983. AB - Snuff and chewing tobacco on the Swedish market in 1983 were analysed for tobacco specific and volatile N-nitrosamines using gas chromatography--thermal energy analysis. All 36 samples of snuff analysed were found to contain detectable levels of N'-nitrosonornicotine, N'-nitrosoanatabine, N'-nitrosoanabasine and 4 (methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Total tobacco-specific N nitrosamine levels between 2.5 and 51 mg/kg wet weight were found, the mean level being 8.8 mg/kg. Detectable levels of at least two of the four tobacco-specific N nitrosamines were found in all 18 samples of chewing tobacco analysed. The total concentration of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines found in chewing tobacco was between 0.1 and 7.8 mg/kg, the mean level being 2.1 mg/kg. The levels of volatile N-nitrosamines found in the 54 samples of snuff and chewing tobacco were very much lower--most of the samples contained less than 10 micrograms/kg and the highest concentration found was 550 micrograms/kg. Since snuff and chewing tobacco contain relatively high levels of carcinogenic N-nitrosamines and there is evidence of an association between the use of these tobacco products and human cancer, snuff and chewing tobacco users should be warned about the possible cancer risk involved in their habit. In addition, efforts should be made to reduce the levels of N-nitrosamines in snuff and chewing tobacco and the formation of these substances in the body from precursors originating from these tobacco products. PMID- 6543620 TI - Blood sugar levels in twin neonates. PMID- 6543621 TI - Progressive dystonia with marked diurnal variation. PMID- 6543622 TI - [A surgical case of hemangiosarcoma of the spleen]. PMID- 6543623 TI - The effects of age and strain on aggression in male rats. AB - Aggressive behaviors were compared for male Fischer-344 and Long-Evans rats formed into mixed-sex colonies at 100, 200, or 300 days of age. Within each strain, male aggression did not differ across these ages, nor did it differ for an additional group of 600-day old Long-Evans males: both the form and the incidence of specific aggressive and defensive behaviors remained relatively constant over an age range representing nearly the entire normal life span for this species. However, Fischer-344 males at all ages were reliably lower in aggression than the Long-Evans rats. The specific aggression components seen in the Fischer-344 rats tended to be nondamaging, resembling "play fighting" more than the tissue damaging attack behaviors typical of other strains. Despite the frequent use of this strain in gerontological research, such low levels of aggressiveness counterindicate their use in research in aging and aggression. PMID- 6543624 TI - Effects of mother-litter separation and reunion on maternal aggression and pup mortality in lactating hamsters. AB - This study examined the effects of a 24 hr mother-litter separation on maternal aggression and pup mortality in hamsters. There were four lactating groups tested for aggression in their home cages on days 5 and 15 postpartum: a group that was separated from their litters for 24 hr, a group that was not separated from their litters and two 24 hr separation groups in which the litters were returned 30 and 120 min prior to the aggression test. Nonreceptive, estrous cycling animals were used as controls (tested twice, 10 days apart) and as intruders. Measures of aggression recorded during the 10 min tests included the number of attacks, fights, chases and intruder retreats. Pup mortality was examined in the 4 lactating groups and in two additional non-tested groups, one of which was separated from their litters for 24 hr. Lactating hamsters initiated significantly higher levels of aggression than control animals. Mother-litter separation (24 hr) significantly decreased levels of aggression and these levels were restored when litters were replaced 30 and 120 min prior to aggression tests. There were few differences in levels of aggression between days 5 and 15 of lactation. Pup mortality was significantly greater between days 5-6 and 15-16 of lactation among those groups that were separated from their litters compared to those groups that were not separated. Significantly higher mortality levels were found between days 7 and 15 of lactation among the 2 groups in which pups were returned prior to the aggression test compared to all other groups. PMID- 6543625 TI - Urinary chemosignals and puberty in female house mice: effects of photoperiod and food deprivation. AB - Urinary chemosignals from male and female house mice alter the age of puberty in females and thus influence the onset of reproductive behavior. These chemosignal phenomena have been examined with respect to a variety of factors pertaining to the social and reproductive biology of the mice. The pair of experiments reported here tested whether two non-social, environmental factors might affect the presence of the chemosignals. Alteration in the photoperiod from the normal 12 hr light/day to 6 hr light/day and restricting food intake every other day significantly altered some of the chemosignal effects on puberty for urine from singly-caged adult male and female mice, but did not change the delay of puberty produced by treatment with urine from grouped females. The results conform with a general hypothesis that the urinary chemosignals in house mice that influence puberty in young females are effective in communicating the adequacy of conditions for reproduction to conspecifics. PMID- 6543626 TI - Tail pinch induced eating: psychogenetic comparison of Roman high- and low avoidance rats. AB - Consummatory behavior elicited by mild tail pinch in the presence of solid food was studied in male Roman high-avoidance (RHA/Verh) and Roman low-avoidance (RLA/Verh) rats. RLA/Verh rats, characterized as the more emotional of the two rat lines, exhibited significantly shorter latencies to bite and eat solid food during tail pinch than the RHA/Verh rats. Treatment with 6, 12 and 24 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital prior to tail pinch failed to increase the elicited eating in either rat line. PMID- 6543627 TI - [Vascular activator of fibrinolysis in patients treated with antidepressive drugs]. PMID- 6543629 TI - [A method for the quantitative determination of trypsin inhibitors in commercial vegetable and meat products]. PMID- 6543628 TI - [Pharmacology in automobile driving and medical practice. II. Euhypnotic effect of Elenium and psychomotor efficiency in humans]. PMID- 6543630 TI - The role of Eustachian tube function in the results of tympanoplasty. AB - While the Eustachian tube constitutes by its functions of equipression, ventilation and drainage one of the determining elements of sound transmission, it is too the one on which it is the most difficult to take effect. Eustachian tube dysfunctions' persistence after tympanoplasty interfere, by negative pressure in the tympanic cavity, with the good quality of the results as anatomical as functional. Valuation of the tubal function, its keeping and its restoration, before, per- and after operation, must constitute for the otologist a permanent objective. PMID- 6543631 TI - Tympanic effusions. A retrospective and prospective investigation into their aetiology and treatment. AB - In 498 patients under the age of 10 who underwent adenoidectomy, and in 423 similarly aged ones who underwent adeno-tonsillectomy, the pre- and postoperative presence of a tympanic effusion was assessed. The presence of effusion was correlated with adenoid size, age, sex, haemoglobin count, hearing loss, and eosinophil count, and the results compared with a similar investigation performed some years ago in which the patients had been treated in the same way except that those suspected of having serous otitis media were myringotomized, in contrast to the present group. Myringotomy did not appear to significantly affect the presence of postoperative effusions which seem to occur quite independently of the above mentioned surgical interventions. PMID- 6543632 TI - Second pregnancies among immunologically infertile women: a preliminary report. AB - Two females with sperm antibody activity in their blood serum and cervical mucus were treated with high dosages of methylprednisolone. Both patients became pregnant during therapy. Following the birth of their first offspring, one was treated with steroids and the other conceived without steroids in order to establish their second pregnancies. The sperm antibody activity showed a sharp decline in the blood serum and cervical mucus during therapy. The response of the females showed drastic modification in the antibody activity in that the females revealed a complete disappearance or a significant decrease in their initial sperm antibody reactions after treatment with high dosages of steroids. PMID- 6543633 TI - [The phylogeny of sleep: fishes and amphibians]. PMID- 6543634 TI - [Regulation of the biosynthesis of collagen]. PMID- 6543635 TI - [Axonic growth and development. I. The pyramidal bundle]. PMID- 6543636 TI - [Immunology of human cysticercosis]. PMID- 6543637 TI - [Fermentation of agro-industrial wastes for obtaining metabolites of industrial interest]. PMID- 6543638 TI - [Enzyme replacement: recognition and transport of lysosomal enzymes]. PMID- 6543639 TI - [A formal representation of biological knowledge]. PMID- 6543641 TI - [The theory of cultivation applied to food production: analysis of sensitivity and risks in mathematical bio-economics]. PMID- 6543640 TI - [Toward a theory of cultivation: mathematical formalization of a biological relationship]. PMID- 6543642 TI - [Comparative neuroanatomy and the philosophy of evolution]. PMID- 6543644 TI - [Formal language in the generation of a sociocultural theory]. PMID- 6543643 TI - [Immunologic taxonomy]. PMID- 6543645 TI - [The phylogeny of sleep: mammals]. PMID- 6543646 TI - [The phylogeny of sleep: birds]. PMID- 6543648 TI - Controls of hematopoiesis. September 14-16, 1984, Paris, France. PMID- 6543647 TI - [The phylogeny of sleep: reptiles]. PMID- 6543649 TI - Secondary polycythemia: a boon or a burden? AB - The development of a secondary erythrocytosis is usually considered a compensatory effort to counteract tissue hypoxia. However, the associated increase in viscosity tends to decrease blood flow and in theory should augment rather than relieve tissue hypoxia. Clinical observations have supported this concern and phlebotomies have been used to treat cardiopulmonary patients with high hematocrits and to prepare acclimatized mountain climbers for strenuous exercises. Direct measurements of tissue tension in rats and mice have shown that a moderate increase in hematocrit does increase the tissue tension of oxygen, probably due to a concomital increase in blood volume, and only severe increases in hematocrit are detrimental. In contrast, it was found that erythropoietin production in mice and man is decreased at even the most extreme hematocrits, suggesting that the tissue tension in the kidneys is not affected by high hematocrits and sluggish blood flow. This lack of renal hypoxia at high blood viscosities appears to serve an important purpose by preventing a vicious circle in which hypoxia will cause erythrocytosis leading to more hypoxia and more erythrocytosis and so on. However, well maintained secondary erythrocytosis cannot always be considered optimal for overall oxygen transport and has to be evaluated clinically for its potential benefit or harm. PMID- 6543650 TI - The 2'-5' adenylate (2-5A) system in erythropoiesis. AB - The trimer and tetramer core forms of 2'-5' Adenylate (2-5A) were tested in vitro for their effect on mouse liver CFU-E. Both forms of 2-5A core partially inhibited the CFU-E response to erythropoietin when given as a single dose at time 0 hours. Approximately 25% fewer colonies were seen after 2-days growth following exposure of the CFU-E to 0.1 mM 2-5A core. A 0.01 mM concentration of exogenous 2-5A core was not inhibitory. Endogenous 2-5A synthetase activity was assayed in spleen cell lysates from mice made anemic by several injections of phenylhydrazine. This method of treatment stimulated erythropoiesis, and this was directly correlated with an increase in the rate of enzyme activity measured by lysate conversion of 14C-ATP to 2-5A (our in press data suggests that the same may occur with hypoxic stimulation). This suggested to us that endogenous 2-5A synthetase and its 2-5A, a known inhibitor of DNA synthesis and protein synthesis, may help to regulate some of the late events in erythropoiesis. PMID- 6543651 TI - Viral-associated alterations in hematopoiesis in the mouse. AB - A variant of Rauscher leukemia virus, designated RLV-A, induces a protracted hematopoietic dysplasia characterized by hepatosplenomegaly with erythroblastosis, severe terminal anemia, thrombocytopenia, and erythroblastemia. Erythrocyte and platelet survival is reduced and the ferrokinetic data suggest that iron utilization is faulty. Stem cells (CFU-S, CFU-C, CFU-MK, CFU-E, BFU-E) are reduced in the bone marrow but increased in terminal spleens. The cause(s) of these viral-associated alterations in stem cell numbers is not known. PMID- 6543652 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on erythropoiesis. AB - A model has been presented for the role of the kidney in the physiologic and pathophysiologic control of erythropoiesis. It is postulated that an oxygen deficit created by anemia or hypobaric hypoxia results in the release of prostacyclin and its metabolite 6-keto PGE1, and the release of PGE2 with ischemic hypoxia. Prostacyclin, 6-keto-PGE1, or PGE2 activation of adenylate cyclase, an increase in cyclic AMP, activation of a protein kinase and the phosphorylation of hydrolases, which have been released from lysosomes by hypoxia, lead to increased biosynthesis of erythropoietin (Ep). The mechanism of labilization of lysosomes and the release of hydrolases from these cell organelles is postulated to be related to increases in cyclic GMP levels in a renal cell. An Ep-producing human renal carcinoma cell line grown in tissue culture has been demonstrated to produce significant amounts of PGE2. Meclofenamate, an inhibitor of prostaglandins synthesis, was found to inhibit in vitro production of PGE2, Ep, and dome formation in these renal carcinoma cells, giving support to our hypothesis that pathophysiologic production of Ep tumor cells depends upon prostaglandins production. An Ep-producing clone from this renal carcinoma cell line has been developed that contains low electron density (LED) cells after the cells reach confluency, which show a cytoplasm, with abundant and widely dilated endoplasmic reticulum, an oval nucleus, dispersed chromatin, and prominent nucleoli. These are the cells responsible for dome formation and Ep production. Non-EP-producing clones have also been produced from this renal carcinoma cell line, which did not produce domes even at high cell density and had a distinctly different cell type than the Ep-producing clone. Thus, it is postulated that prostacyclin (PGI2) and its metabolite 6-keto PGE1 play a significant role in hypoxic hypoxia stimulation of Ep production and PGE2 is involved in ischemic hypoxia and renal carcinoma cell production of Ep. A modulating effect of PGE2 and PGD2, the two primary bone marrow prostaglandins, has been proposed in Ep stimulation of the erythroid progenitor cell compartment (CFU-E and BFU-E). PMID- 6543653 TI - Preparation of purified erythropoietin by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Highly purified erythropoietin was not available in quantities needed to carry out planned investigations and, therefore, the use of high performance liquid chromatography was explored. This technique permits the separation of proteins with high efficiency and resolution. Three types of chromatography were used. Size exclusion or gel permeation, reversed phase, and ion exchange columns were utilized with different solvent systems. The chromatographic fractions were assayed either by an exhypoxic polycythemic mouse assay or by the fetal liver cell assay. In addition, selected fractions were tested for their capability to stimulate CFU-E and BFU-E colony formation in methyl cellulose. The results of the techniques of size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography were found to be rapid and reproducible. Although reversed phase chromatography gave excellent resolution, the results were somewhat variable. Using different chromatographic combinations, erythropoietin with a specific bioactivity in the range of 50,000 u/mg protein was isolated. Although the erythropoietin gene has now been cloned and the hormone purified by utilizing monoclonal antibodies, high performance liquid chromatography may be useful in the removal of unwanted contaminants, as a tool in chemical characterization, and as a possible method for the hormone's identification and measurement in clinical laboratories. PMID- 6543654 TI - Haemopoietic stem cells and the problem of self-renewal. AB - Haemopoiesis occurs in association with a complex stromal cell network in which all levels of haemopoietic cell development can be found. In order to understand the interaction between stromal cells and growth factors with the processes of self-renewal and differentiation, we have carried out a series of experiments attempting to define the circumstances in which self-renewal occurs in long-term marrow cultures. We have found that highly purified (FACS sorted) CFU-S do not undergo significant self-renewal in vitro when inoculated onto marrow stromal cells that can support self-renewal of unfractionated CFU-S. We have examined the effects of expression of the src oncogene on self-renewal of CFU-S. We have found that, following infection of long-term cultures with a retrovirus carrying the src oncogene, there is expression of src in certain of the stromal cells. There is also a selection for CFU-S that have an extended self-renewal capacity in vivo and in vitro. These CFU-S are non-leukaemic and can reconstitute haempoiesis in irradiated mice. Cells from src-infected cultures can also be induced to proliferate and form cell lines in vitro in the presence of interleukin 3 (IL-3). The cell lines produced are multipotential and non-leukaemic. From such data we conclude that expression of the src oncogene has (directly or indirectly) permanently altered the stem cells in such a way that they can undergo extensive self-renewal in situations that are unfavourable for growth and self-renewal of normal stem cells. PMID- 6543655 TI - The nature and function of granulopoietic microenvironments. AB - A significant volume of reviewed literature in combination with observations presented here suggest that fibroblastic reticulum cells of the hematopoietic stroma may play a decisive role in the regulation of granulopoiesis. The histology of both bone marrow and spleen demonstrates an association between granulopoiesis and fibroblastic reticulum cells. Using in vitro cultured primary fibroblastic cells from murine bone marrow (BM) as antigenic source, we have prepared a hybridoma cell line secreting a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to fibroblastic reticular cells of the nonlymphoid domains in the spleen and BM. The mAb (ER-HR1) was demonstrated to exclusively detect primary fibroblastic cells cultured from spleen and bone marrow and in situ reticular cells with characteristic dendritic morphology and a dispersed distribution pattern. These reticular cells had extensive ramifications in the hemopoietic parenchyma. With the exception of some sparse fibroblastic cells in the dermis of the skin, the mAb did not react with any other cell type or extracellular substance elsewhere in the mouse, nor did it cross-react with human hemopoietic tissues. Support for a role of fibroblastic reticular cells in the regulation of granulopoiesis was obtained from in vitro studies. Primary BM fibroblasts produced granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating activity (CSA). In contrast, we have been unable to detect CSA production by BM macrophages. Rather, we have found that BM macrophages deplete exogenous CSA from their culture medium. It is concluded that CSA may be produced by fibroblastic cells in adherent BM cultures and that the low CSA levels detected in their medium is due to depletion of fibroblastic cell derived CSA by macrophages. We conclude that fibroblastic reticulum cells of the hemopoietic stroma carry unique antigenic determinants and together with macrophages, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes contribute to a complex network of cellular interactions providing an integrated microenvironmental control of granulopoiesis. PMID- 6543656 TI - Functional activities of acidic isoferritins and lactoferrin in vitro and in vivo. AB - The functional activities of acidic isoferritins (AIF) and lactoferin (LF) were evaluated. The inhibitory activity of AIF (AIFIA) was inactivated by preincubation with a monoclonal antibody (2A4) against AIF, but AIFIA was not inactivated by another monoclonal antibody against AIF (1C5), by a monoclonal antibody (3A5) against basic isoferritins, or by a heteroantiserum (LFT) against basic isoferritins. Monoclonal 2A4 also inactivated the inhibitory activity against colony formation by granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells that was constitutively released by human monocytes or induced by human monocytes in the presence of OKT4+ lymphocytes. In addition to OKT4+ lymphocytes, the release of AIFIA from human monocytes was modulated by iron-saturated human LF and OKT8+ lymphocytes, both of which suppressed the release of AIFIA. Evidence for the physiologic relevance of AIF as a regulator of myelopoiesis was presented, in that human AIF suppressed the numbers of CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM per femur and the cycling status of these cells in mice recovering from a sublethal dosage of Cytoxan. Abnormalities in LF and AIF interactions were found with cells from a pediatric patient with neutrophilia of unknown etiology that were consistent with the disease manifestations of neutrophilia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) from the patient contained low levels (1%-10% of control) of immunologically reactive LF and the LF found was ineffective as a suppressor molecule for the release of GM-CSF from normal mononuclear blood cells. In addition, the patient's GM-CSF releasing mononuclear blood cells were insensitive to the suppressive effects of purified LF, and colony formation by the patient's CFU-GM, but not BFU E or CFU-GEMM, were insensitive to the suppressive effects of purified AIF. When the activity of purified AIF was assessed against mouse bone marrow cells under serum-free conditions, it was apparent that serum was not needed for the suppressive activity of AIF and that in some cases, serum actually masked the effects of AIF. Human monoblast cell line U937 was found to be a good model in vitro for the actions of LF and AIF; U937 cells induced for Ia-antigens by human gamma interferon were separated into populations of Ia-antigen+ and Ia-antigen- cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and LF and AIF suppressed colony formation only by the Ia-antigen+ U937 cells. A comparative analysis of bovine and human LF against release of GM-CSF from human mononuclear cells demonstrated that both were active in their iron-saturated form.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6543657 TI - Hemopoietic development in human embryos. AB - We report studies on hemopoietic progenitors and precursors in human embryos and fetuses at 4 to 5 through to 9 to 10 weeks from conception, as well as the corresponding in vivo Hb synthesis pattern. Particular attention is paid to the morphology of 5- to 8-week liver cells, as evaluated by both conventional and electron microscopy. On the basis of these observations, a unifying monoclonal model is proposed for human embryonic hemopoiesis. PMID- 6543658 TI - Haemopoietic microenvironments in vitro--which cells are involved? PMID- 6543659 TI - Haemopoiesis by clonal succession? AB - Alloenzymes of phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk-1A and 1B), an X-linked enzyme of the glycolytic pathway that is expressed on all somatic cells, were used to study properties of developmentally early haemopoietic cells of mice (high proliferation potential colony-forming cells, HPP CFC) This study showed that: The colonies formed by HPP CFC are clones; There are distinct populations of HPP CFC that can respond to different haemopoietic growth factors; There are substantial differences in the proportions of Pgk alloenzymes of similar sets of HPP CFC found in similar and neighbouring bones; and In the whole animal, there is no evidence of any single population of HPP CFC that is permanently derived from a limited set of precursors. PMID- 6543660 TI - Haemopoiesis by clonal succession? A commentary. PMID- 6543661 TI - Red cell fragmentation in human disease (a light and scanning electron microscope study). AB - Although the mechanism of schizocyte formation has been amply documented in animal experiments and in in-vitro models, the fragmentation encounter between flowing red cells and fibrin strands has not previously been successfully demonstrated in human, microangiopathic disease. If blood flow is restored briefly in vitro immediately prior to tissue fixation, the instant of red cell fragmentation can be captured. Examination of tissue specimens fixed in this manner shows a pathophysiologic process that amplifies the findings previously described in other studies. In the patient under study, the microangiopathic process was widespread in all specimens of pulmonary and renal tissue that had been fixed after brief restoration of blood flow. Small arteries as well as the true microcirculation of both organs were involved. The microangiopathic process in the small arteries and arterioles presented as a partially occlusive thrombus of characteristic histology. The pulmonary capillaries contained linear fibrin microclots festooned with distorted and partially fragmented red cells. The microcirculation of the kidney showed the same findings as well as amorphous, sludged, occlusive red cell masses, particularly in the renal medulla. PMID- 6543662 TI - Red cell fragmentation in human disease (a light and scanning electron microscope study). PMID- 6543663 TI - Klinokinesis in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - Klinokinesis has previously been demonstrated in bacteria and amoeba but not in metazoan cells. We report here evidence for klinokinesis in leucocytes. Changes in the rate of human and rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) displacement elicited by uniform concentrations of the chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) were associated with alterations of the klinolocomotion index (KI), the mean angle of turns greater than or equal to 90 degrees and the frequency of changes in direction greater than or equal to 90 degrees. Orthokinesis and klinokinesis had synergistic effects and both elements of chemokinesis may have a substantial influence on PMN velocity. The relationship between speed and changes in the direction of locomotion has been analyzed and the putative role of klinokinesis in chemotactic responses is discussed. PMID- 6543664 TI - Klinokinesis in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 6543665 TI - The analysis of nondirected cell locomotion. PMID- 6543666 TI - [Development of 3 populations of embryonal bodies in monolayer culture and in suspension]. AB - In the present investigation the "in vitro" behaviour of three morphologically different types of embryoid bodies of the teratocarcinoma OTT 6050, which were isolated by means of a Ficoll's density gradient, was analyzed. The study of the results obtained from the culture in suspension and in monolayer show that these morphologically different types represent three different stages of one evolutional cycle which tends to reproduce them as well as creating a variety of potentially more malign embryoid body. PMID- 6543667 TI - [Morphological study of the muscle of Treitz (m. suspensorius duodeni)]. AB - The differences of opinion concerning the morphology of the human suspensory muscle of the duodenum conducted the authors to perform a study upon 31 cadavers including 21 adults and 10 foetuses. In most cases they describe a single muscle arising from the duodeno-jejunal flexure and reaching the right side of the diaphragm oesophageal opening. Microscopic examination confirms that it consists of unstriped muscle fibers except cranially near from his diaphragmatic insertion where striped muscle fibers can be observed. PMID- 6543668 TI - [Graphic reconstruction of the trigeminal nerve in a human embryo at stage 23]. AB - Graphic reconstruction of the trigeminal nerve in a human embryo at stage 23, through a series of sagittal section. The disposition of the nerve is similar to that of the adult. The meningeal and zygomatic branches have not begun their development. PMID- 6543669 TI - [Fascicular arrangement. Function and innervation of the 1st dorsal interosseous muscle of the hand]. AB - After 30 dissections done under optical magnification, the authors have shown that, the tendon of the first dorsal interosseous muscle, which was till now considered to be bifasciculare results actually from the intersection of the tendinous fibers of three muscle components: One originating from the first metacarpal bone: Heterometacarpophalangeal component. One originating from the first two metacarpal bones: Intermediate component. One originating from the second metacarpal bone: Homometacarpophalangeal component. Each of these musculotendinous components is responsible for a particular action in the different movements of the index finger: Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joint, extension of the second and third phalanges, abduction of the index finger. Each component has its own nerve supply by branches originating from deep branch of the ulnar nerve. In total, there exists a "rule of the three". Three components--Three principal actions--Three nerve supply. PMID- 6543670 TI - [Systematization of the musculo-tendinous architecture of the human biceps (musculus biceps brachii)]. AB - The structure of the brachial biceps is studied based upon the bilateral dissections of six subjects. The object of this work consists of determining the distribution of the group and muscular fibers in relation to the two proximal insertions and the two distal insertions. It is possible to describe the subgroups within each structure. The objective of each of these subgroups is considered within the framework of the coordination between the two muscular formation and the double insertions on the structure of the forearm. It is probable that this muscular formation corresponds to two different movements of the forearm during the locomotory progression. This work can be utilised in the sphere of the comparative biomechanical observation. Also electromyographic and the histochemical characteristics of the muscular group. PMID- 6543671 TI - [Non-lymphoid mononucleated cells in the synovial fluid in arthrosis and various inflammatory arthropathies. Morphologic, quantitative and cytoenzymologic study]. AB - This paper describes a morphologic, quantitative, cytochemical study of mononuclear non lymphoid cells in knee synovial fluid in osteoarthritis and various arthritides. Morphologic criteria allow to identify among these cells various synoviocytic and monocytic subtypes with in both types, phagocytic subtypes. Quantitative study shows in arthritides an important afflux of monocytes and a hyperexfoliation of synoviocytes. In fluids with intermediate cellularity, Monocytes/Synoviocytes ratio allows the differential cytodiagnosis between osteoarthrosis and arthritis. All monocytic subtypes and especially the phagocytic one are highly significantly increased in arthritides. Synoviocytic subtypes show a lower increase, except the phagocytic one, which is not changed. Giant multinuclear synoviocytes are found in every type of disease and cannot constitute a cytodiagnosis marker. Alcian Blue and hyaluronidase treatment show hyaluronate in a few percentage of Synoviocytes. Cytoenzymologic study shows that synoviocytes and monocytes are positive in all tested hydrolases: beta Glucuronidase, Acid Phosphatase, alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase, these activities being always higher in synoviocytes. With peroxidase, synoviocytes are always negative, so this reaction although it marks only a minority of monocytic population can be used as an extra cytologic criterion for discrimination of mononuclear cells in synovial fluid. In these four enzymes there is no significant quantitative difference at cellular level between osteoarthrosis and arthritides. Lysosomal enzymatic activity in both monocytic and synoviocytic cells confirms their heterophagic properties. However synoviocytic heterophagy seems to be a physiological process not or few affected by inflammatory events. On the opposite, monocytic heterophagy and then macrophagic transformation of monocytes appears as a major aspect of intrasynovial inflammatory reaction. If a large majority of exfoliated synoviocytes comes from A type synovial lining cells and if they belong to Mononuclear Phagocyte System, why do they so weakly, or not, participate as phagocytes to inflammatory reaction. PMID- 6543672 TI - [Anatomical study of a human case of total celosomia]. AB - The authors studied a human specimen delivered at 36 gestational weeks and presenting with a caelosomia. The various abnormalities could be classified as: superior caelosomia: ectocardia, diaphragmatic hernia; middle caelosomia: liver outside the abdominal cavity, mesenterium commune O, meso-hepato-cave; inferior caelosomia: cloacal extrophia. In addition to the forementioned abnormalities, a lumbosacral meningocele and multicystic kidneys were found. All these abnormalities are exceptionally found all together in one human specimen and this monster might be classified in the total caelosomia group. PMID- 6543673 TI - [Evolutionary modifications in the structure of the pylorus as a function of age in man]. AB - Gross anatomical and histological studies of the pylorus were undertaken on 30 specimens from subjects with an age ranging from few gestational weeks to 80 years old. The authors looked especially for muscular, vascular and neurological modifications related to the age which could possibly correlate with various disorders. PMID- 6543674 TI - [The anconeus muscle. Anatomical and electromyographic study]. AB - Since Duchenne de Boulogne's study, controversial statements are made about anconeus muscle. The authors presented an anatomical study from 10 cadavers and an electromyographic study from 10 examinations performed on 10 living subjects 18 to 47 years old. The authors found that anconeus muscle was an extensor of the elbow, a pronator of the forearm and that this muscle mobilized the ulna upward in adduction playing a role in the stabilisation of the elbow in various movements and in the ulnar deviation of the wrist. Finally the anconeus muscle might be considered an active lateral ligament of the elbow. PMID- 6543675 TI - [Results of the transplantation of 2 lines of human endometrial adenocarcinoma into the nude mouse: takes of the graft and true tumors]. AB - Two human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell lines, isolated and routinely cultivated in our laboratory were transplanted into nude mice. MOQ cells, isolated in 1979, are devoid of estrogen (E) receptors; GUS cells, isolated in 1981, are bearing E and progesterone receptors. Cell inoculation was realized in 504 nude mice in various conditions (male or female mice, pre or post puberal, normal or castrated, with or without E supplementation). The aim of these experiments was to establish cell tumorigenicity and to compare growth characteristics in vivo and in vitro. Our results show that the age of the mice and of the cells is important for the "take" of the injected cells. Young mice seem to possess thymo-independent graft resistance stronger than old mice; "young cells", near re-cultivation from a nude mice tumour, are more tumorigenic than "old" cells, always cultivated in vitro from the time of first explantation. There is also evidence that E improve the "take" of the cells in the two cell lines, regardless of the presence of E receptors. This is suggesting of an indirect action of E on tumour growth. Finally, the most striking result is the fact that castration is the decisive factor leading to true tumours, suggesting direct growth stimulation by hypophyseal factors. PMID- 6543676 TI - Medical ethics concerning human offspring. PMID- 6543677 TI - A study of the registration of deaths of infants and preschool children. PMID- 6543678 TI - Rota virus associated carbohydrate intolerance in Sri Lankan children. PMID- 6543679 TI - Flubendazole in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura: a comparison of two different regimens with single-dose. PMID- 6543680 TI - Congenital lipodystrophy (Seip syndrome) in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6543681 TI - The geographical pathology of malignant tumours in Sri Lanka--a 5 year study. PMID- 6543682 TI - Lymphatic metastasis; lymphangiochemotherapy of mammary cancer: ascitic form of rat mammary adenocarcinoma 13762. AB - When 5 million cells of the ascitic form of the RMT 13762 are injected into syngeneic F344 rat footpads there is consistent metastasis to the popliteal node more rapidly than when the solid form is used. A greater number of tumor cells escapes from the footpad to the draining node via the afferent lymph than with the solid tumor. Local intralymphatic injection of 5FU produces cure or retardation of nodal metastasis in a significant number of animals (p less than 0.002). PMID- 6543683 TI - Quantitative estimation of tumor metastasis by measurement of DNA polymerase activity. AB - Metastatic tumor burden in the lung of C57BL/6 or BDF1 mice was quantitated by measuring DNA polymerase alpha activity in the lung of tumor-bearing animals. DNA polymerase activity in the lung increased time-dependently following the inoculation of Lewis lung carcinoma (s.c.) or B16 melanoma variant B16-B2 (i.v.). In the Lewis lung carcinoma system, the number of metastatic modules and the weight of lung also increased time-dependently. Results from the B16 melanoma showed that the increase in lung nodules occurred 10 to 20 days after i.v. inoculation of tumor cells. DNA polymerase activity increased significantly during this period. Because the lung nodules were very small there was no obvious concomitant increase in lung weight. Since no significant infiltration of host cells was observed in the lung in response to metastatic foci, the rise in DNA polymerase activity should be due to tumor cells and not to infiltrating host cells. When the metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma was inhibited by adriamycin and cyclophosphamide, decrease in DNA polymerase activity in the lung occurred. These results indicate that the degree of tumor metastasis can be quantitated by measuring DNA polymerase activity. PMID- 6543684 TI - Effect of RA233 alone and combined with radiation on experimental tumour metastasis. Part 1. AB - The effect of the platelet aggregation inhibitor RA233 alone or in combination with radiation was investigated on the spontaneously metastasizing B16 melanoma and on the Lewis lung carcinoma. The effect of this, agent on intravenously injected cells from these tumours was also studied. When single viable 3LL or B16 melanoma cells were injected intravenously, RA233 significantly increased the number of 3LL lung colonies but decreased significantly the B16 lung colonies. RA233 alone did not influence the number of pulmonary metastases arising spontaneously from the B16 or 3LL tumours either with the primary in situ or following excision. When lungs were irradiated before implantation of the 3LL an increase in the number of metastases resulted. This increase was unaffected by RA233 administration. When the primary B16 was irradiated 14 days after implantation and excised 7 days later, a significant decrease in numbers and distribution of metastases resulted in animals treated with RA233. This was accompanied by a considerable increase in long-term survivors. PMID- 6543685 TI - Enhancement by misonidazole of metastatic tumor nodule formation in the lungs of mice. AB - Investigations were performed to determine whether misonidazole, a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, influences formation of tumor nodules in the lung of C3Hf/Kam mice and whether it affects the enhancement of tumor nodule formation caused by local thoracic irradiation (LTI). Cells from a chemically-induced fibrosarcoma (FSa) and a spontaneously-developed fibrosarcoma (NFSa) formed twice as many tumor colonies in the lungs of mice that received misonidazole as in untreated mice. The effect was observed only with doses of misonidazole of 1 mg/g or higher given within 2 days prior to i.v. injection of tumor cells. A similar twofold amplification of the effect of LTI occurred when 1 mg/g misonidazole was given 30 min before or 0.5 to 2 hours after irradiation. This increase was independent of the dose of LTI and the absolute number of tumor nodules in the lung. The mechanistic possibilities and clinical relevance of the misonidazole effect are discussed. PMID- 6543686 TI - Treatment of artificially-induced pulmonary metastases with fractionated doses of vincristine and/or radiation therapy. AB - The cytotoxic effects in vivo of vincristine (VC), radiation, or both modalities in combination on murine fibrosarcoma (FSa) cells grown as pulmonary tumors were determined. Fourteen days following the i.v. injection of viable FSa cells, recipient mice developed between 100 and 150 visible pulmonary nodules. At that time, tumor-bearing animals were exposed to either single or combined modality treatments, as well as single and fractionated dose regimens. Animals were sacrificed 1 hour after the last treatment. Tumor nodules were excised and made into a single cell suspension and separated on the basis of cell size by centrifugal elutriation. Flow microfluorometry (FMF) was used to determine the cell-cycle parameters and the relative synchrony of the separated populations, as well as the percentage contamination by normal diploid cells in each of the tumor cell populations. Known numbers of viable cells from each elutriator fraction were injected into recipient mice to determine their colony-forming efficiency (CFE). Surviving fractions were determined by comparing the CFEs of treated FSa cells from each of the separated elutriator fractions with those of appropriate untreated controls. Following a single dose of VC (1 mg/kg), populations of cells enriched in late S and G2 + M were the most sensitive. However, following the administration of five doses (0.25 mg/kg each) over a 24 hour period, populations of cells most enriched in G1 cells exhibited the lowest percentage of survivors. A single dose of radiation (1000 rad) was most effective in killing S-phase cells. When administered in five fractions (250 rad per fraction), each separated by a 6 hour interval, no phase-specific sensitivity was observed. The combination of both modalities exhibited a marked schedule dependence, with a single dose (1000 rad) of radiation followed by five doses of VC (0.25 mg/kg) being the most effective treatment protocol observed. PMID- 6543687 TI - Antimetastatic drugs: laboratory to clinic. PMID- 6543689 TI - The demonstration of nonlinear development of experimental lung tumor metastases. AB - The kinetics of tumor colony formation in the lungs of mice following intravenous inoculation of high and low metastatic cell variants was determined. We have utilized two different tumor systems, the B16 melanoma, and UV-2237 fibrosarcoma; in both tumors the highly metastatic cell variants developed lung metastases in a nonlinear fashion following i.v. inoculation. The possibility that highly metastatic cell variants differ from their low metastatic counterparts not only in their lung colonizing potential, but also in their capability to produce satellite colonies, is discussed. PMID- 6543688 TI - Antimetastatic effect of cimetidine on mice bearing a C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinoma: survival and lymphocyte function studies. AB - It has been reported that treatment with cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, increased survival and decreased the number of lung metastases in mice bearing the Lewis Lung carcinoma [29]. It was suggested that this effect was due to the ability of cimetidine to block histamine activation of suppressor lymphocytes and hence allow host defence mechanisms to inhibit tumour growth. In the present studies, C3H/He mice were implanted with a C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinoma on Day 0. This tumour metastasizes to the lungs in 30-50 days. Primary tumours were ablated with X-rays when they had grown to about 0.2 g and animals were given drinking water with or without cimetidine (10 mg ml-1) until the end of the experiment. Cimetidine reduced the number of mice dying from metastatic disease from 7/15 (controls) to 3/13. Cimetidine treatment also prolonged survival of mice that did succumb to metastatic disease by about 12 days. The response of spleen lymphocytes to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin and lipopolysaccharide was assessed in vitro by uptake of 3H-thymidine 0, 16, 45 and 58 days after tumour implantation. Lymphocyte responsiveness was depressed by tumour burden. The influence of cimetidine treatment was equivocal being dependent upon time after tumour implantation and dose of mitogen. In this mouse tumour system, the mechanism of the antimetastic effect of cimetidine is different from that previously suggested [29]. PMID- 6543690 TI - Metrazol enhances brain penetration and therapeutic efficacy of some anticancer agents: implications for brain metastases. AB - The concurrent administration of Metrazol (60 mg/kg, i.v.) to anaesthetized rats enhances the cerebral penetration of the anticancer agent razoxane. Such an enhancement leads to an increase in the therapeutic efficacy of razoxane against intracerebrally sequestered L1210 leukaemia cells in mice. The combination of Metrazol and melphalan was also examined to see if the concentration of other anticancer agents in CSF could be enhanced. PMID- 6543692 TI - Characterization of growth and radiation response of KHT tumor cells metastatic from lung to ovary and kidney. AB - Female C3H/HeJ mice were inoculated intravenously with KHT sarcoma cells. Once macroscopic colonies were established in the lungs, the thoraces of the animals were locally irradiated. Despite significant lung nodule regression following treatment, animals were observed to die with ovarian and renal metastases. By irradiating the lungs at various times after intravenous tumor cell injection, it was demonstrated that ovarian and renal metastases arose only from established lung colonies and were not a consequence of the initial cell inoculum. Incidence of metastases increased from 0 to 100 per cent when the time between cell inoculation and thoracic irradiation was increased from 4 to 16 days. Once established, ovarian and renal metastases grew with a doubling time of approximately 1-2 days. Metastatic tumors in the ovaries were found to be refractory to radiation therapy because of a large component of radiation resistant hypoxic cells. Parallel experiments utilizing male C3H/HeJ mice demonstrated metastases only in the kidneys and these grew at a growth rate similar to that seen for renal metastases in female mice. This system may serve as a model for the study of factors influencing the dissemination of tumor cells to these anatomical sites and their response to treatment. PMID- 6543691 TI - Inhibition of tumor cell-platelet interactions and tumor metastasis by the calcium channel blocker, nimodipine. AB - Nimodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, was evaluated in vitro for its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by B16 amelanotic melanoma (B16a) and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma (W256) cells, and for its ability to inhibit platelet-enhanced B16a and W256 adhesion to rat microvascular endothelial cells. Nimodipine produced a dose-dependent inhibition of tumor-cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA). Platelets enhanced tumor cell adhesion to endothelium both in the presence and absence of overt platelet aggregation. However, the greatest enhancement of adhesion occurred under aggregatory conditions. Nimodipine at a dose of 40 micrograms/ml inhibited platelet-enhanced adhesion to endothelium under aggregatory and nonaggregatory conditions. Nimodipine was tested in vivo for its ability to inhibit both "experimental' and spontaneous metastasis. Nimodipine produced a 46 per cent inhibition of lung colony formation at a dose of 5 mg/kg body-weight. Over a dose range of 0.1-80 mg/kg, nimodipine produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition in the formation of lung metastases from a subcutaneous tumor. The in vitro results demonstrate that a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker can inhibit tumor cell-platelet-endothelial cell interactions. The in vivo results suggest that these compounds may be a new class of antimetastatic agent. PMID- 6543693 TI - Effect of temperature on invasion of MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma cells in organ culture. AB - Invasion by MO4 mouse fibrosarcoma cells into fragments of embryonic chick heart or lung in organ culture was studied histologically and ultrastructurally at various temperatures between 12 and 40 degrees C. Invasion was absent for at least 7 days at or below temperatures of 29 degrees C. Invasion was invariably observed at or above 30.5 degrees C. Differences in invasion between 29 and 30.5 degrees C could not be ascribed to differences in growth, migration, or microtubule assembly/disassembly of MO4 cells. Neither could they be explained through differences in the attachment of MO4 cells to the heart fragments. Possible explanations for the absence of invasion at lower temperature are: altered resistance of the extracellular matrix in heart or lung fragments, and deficient expression of fucosylated glycoproteins at the surface of MO4 cells. A population of MO4 cells plated from the parent line and adapted to grow at 28 degrees C (MO(4)28 cell line) did not differ in invasiveness from the parent MO4 cells. We conclude that the temperature dependence of invasion in organ culture might indicate as yet unexplored aspects of the mechanisms of tumour invasion. PMID- 6543694 TI - Prophylaxis and treatment of experimental lung metastases in mice after treatment with liposome-encapsulated 6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alpha-aminobutyryl-D isoglutamine. AB - A new lipophilic muramyl dipeptide analog, 6-O-stearoyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alpha aminobutyryl-D-isoglutamine, when incorporated in liposomes, was effective in both the prevention and eradication of experimental pulmonary metastases in mice. Multilamellar vesicles composed of synthetic phospholipids (phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine) containing saturated myristoyl or unsaturated dioleoyl acyl chains were found to potentiate the antimetastatic activity of this glycopeptide. Prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy was observed against the three murine tumors tested: FSa, an immunogenic fibrosarcoma; NFSa, a nonimmunogenic fibrosarcoma; and B16 melanoma. Neither the administration of empty liposomes or free glycopeptide, nor their coadministration, had a significant antimetastatic effect. This approach is promising for the therapy of cancer metastases in humans, particularly in the prevention of metastatic seeding and in the treatment of micrometastases. PMID- 6543695 TI - Effects of DTIC, DM-COOK and ICRF-159 on the number of circulating Lewis lung carcinoma cells detected by flow cytometry. AB - Circulating tumor cells can be detected by means of flow cytometry in the blood of mice bearing i.m. Lewis lung carcinoma. This technique can be applied in the case of aneuploid tumors and does not require either concentration of nucleated cells or other processing of the blood samples. It offers the advantages of simplicity and speed and allows quantitative measurement of the number of circulating tumor cells. It can be applied to the study of the effects of drug treatment on the number of circulating tumor cells, for those drugs which do not cause alterations in the nuclear DNA content of normal diploid blood cells. The number of circulating tumor cells determined by flow cytometry is markedly reduced by treatment with ICRF-159, by dimethyltriazene DM-COOK, and also by its clinically used analog, DTIC. PMID- 6543696 TI - (+)-Catechin inhibits the invasion of malignant fibrosarcoma cells into chick heart in vitro. AB - (+)-Catechin, a flavonoid extractable from higher plants and trees, inhibits the invasion of malignant MO4 fibrosarcoma cells into embryonic chick heart fragments in vitro. This inhibition is maximal at a drug concentration of 0.5 mM. The growth of the MO4 cells is only partly inhibited at such a concentration, and the effect can hardly be ascribed to an irreversible cytotoxicity of the drug to the host tissue. Pretreatment of the host tissue with the drug seems to be a prerequisite for the inhibitory action, which suggests that the anti-invasive effect is at least partly mediated by the condition of the heart tissue. We hypothesize that the collagen-stabilizing effect of (+)-catechin is the key to the explanation of its anti-invasive properties. PMID- 6543698 TI - Concomitant development of granulocytosis and enhancement of metastases formation in tumor-bearing mice. AB - The experiments reported here show concomitant development of granulocytosis and enhancement of metastasis formation in C3Hf/Kam mice bearing NFSA fibrosarcoma. Both phenomena developed at approximately 2 weeks after s.c. transplantation of tumor cells, at a time when the tumor was approximately 10 mm in diameter. The number of granulocytes in the blood doubled approximately every 3.5 days, reaching about 30 times control levels shortly before the death of the mice. The magnitude of the metastasis enhancement formation by i.v. injection of tumor cells was three to four times the control value. Mice bearing NFSA had a significant increase in the number of endogenous CFUs. Plasma from NFSA-bearing mice and medium from cultured NFSA cells stimulated in vitro growth of granulocyte and macrophage colonies from normal bone marrow cell precursors, and induced granulocytosis upon i.v. injection into normal mice. This shows that NFSA tumor secretes factor(s) with potent granulopoietic activity. Injection of plasma from tumor-bearing animals followed by i.v. injection of NFSA cells did not lead to the enhancement of metastasis, implying that granulocytosis might be rather concomitant manifestation than a causative factor of the enhancement of metastasis formation. Importance of granulocytosis as a paraneoplastic manifestation during tumor growth is discussed. PMID- 6543699 TI - Metastasis and morphology of transplanted BR6 mouse mammary tumours. AB - BR6 mouse mammary tumours were maintained by serial s.c. transplantation into female or castrated male syngeneic hosts. The tumours could be broadly classified according to their structure, and usually remained stable through many passages. Occasionally, sarcomatous changes were seen (64 out of 800 cases). Pulmonary metastases were found in 5 per cent of mice bearing transplants of well differentiated acinar tumours, in 34 per cent with tumours of the acinar/ductal type, and in 97 per cent with poorly differentiated tumours. There was a similar correlation between lymph node metastases and degree of primary tumour differentiation, the incidences being 0, 0.5 and 22 per cent respectively. Sarcomatous changes were associated with a reduced incidence of metastasis. Local invasion of muscle or peritoneum occurred in 32 per cent of mice with well differentiated tumours, and in 59 per cent with less differentiated tumours. Selection for increased metastatic potential was not achieved by transplantation of lung nodules to a subcutaneous site. PMID- 6543697 TI - Tumor progression, oncogenes and the evolution of metastatic phenotypic diversity. PMID- 6543700 TI - Site-dependence of invasiveness of ECA109 human oesophageal carcinoma cells in nude mice. AB - ECA109 human oesophageal carcinoma cells were injected either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally into BALB/CATc 1-nu/nu mice. After 23 weeks tumours were examined histologically and by scanning electron microscopy. Subcutaneous ECA109 tumours were well-delineated without signs of invasion. By contrast, intra abdominal tumours invaded into the abdominal wall and abdominal organs. This result provides us with another example of site-dependence of invasion in vivo. PMID- 6543701 TI - Skin metastases within the previous radiation field after prophylactic postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer. AB - A case of breast cancer is described in which recurrent growth of tumor appeared to occur selectively in areas previously treated by prophylactic irradiation. This metastasis was the only lesion found 6 months after treatment. The possible mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6543702 TI - Pattern of organ colonization of metastasizing mouse L929-MM4 cells and the stimulation of lung tumor formation by cyclophosphamide. AB - The pattern of lung colonization of L929-MM4 metastasis-derived cells was studied in C3HA/Hab mice. The incidence of mice with lung tumors and the number of tumor foci increased with the number of tumor cells in the i.v. inoculum until a 'plateau' was reached. However, some 30 per cent of the animals continued to show no macroscopic or microscopic evidence of metastases. Twenty days after the i.v. injection of 2.5 X 10(5) L929-MM4 cells, viable tumor cells were recovered from 80-90 per cent of the animals as judged by in vivo or in vitro assay methods, even though survival of mice under these conditions was 50 per cent at the end of a 3-month period. These results are discussed in relation to possible tumor dormant states. Cyclophosphamide stimulated both the incidence and the number of lung tumor foci after i.v. injection of tumor cells, if the drug was administered before the tumor cell inoculum. On the basis of the observed time dependency of this effect, and the low immunogenicity of L929-MM4 cells in C3HA/Hab mice, the results could be explained on the basis of drug damage to normal cells. PMID- 6543703 TI - High-metastatic clones selected in vitro from a recent spontaneous BALB/c mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. AB - The metastatic TS/A line has been recently derived from a spontaneous BALB/c mammary tumor. When TS/A cells were cultured in 0.33 per cent agar, two morphologically distinct types of colonies were observed from which two sets of clones were obtained. E clones were derived from small, transparent colonies, whereas F clones were from large, thick, actively growing colonies. All the clones were tumorigenic in syngeneic BALB/c females. However, E clones showed higher ability than F clones to metastasize spontaneously to the lung. Comparison between E and F clones shows that the high level of spontaneous metastasization to the lung is associated with epithelial-like in vitro growth pattern, spontaneous dome formation and growth pattern in 0.33 per cent agar cultures. The ability to give rise to lung colonies following intravenous inoculation is not a predictive parameter for the spontaneous metastatic potential. PMID- 6543704 TI - Upper hemibody infusion of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) followed by systemic antidote, sodium thiosulfate, for lung metastasis in rats. AB - Effects of a combination chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) and its antidote, sodium thiosulfate (STS), on metastatic lung tumour in rats were studied. Rats were given an upper hemibody infusion (UHI) of 15 mg/kg DDP immediately after occlusion of the abdominal aorta and i.v. administration of 1581 mg/kg STS (200-fold molar ratio to DDP) 10 min later. The aortic clamp was released at approximately 11 min after the beginning of UHI when a half volume of STS solution was infused. Antitumour and side effects in this group were compared with those in the respective control groups given 5 mg/kg DDP alone by UHI or by systemic administration. In the group given UHI of DDP (DDP-UHI) in combination with STS, there was a significantly better antitumour effect than seen in the group given DDP alone, as evaluated by the number of lung tumour nodules and survival time after inoculation of the transitional cell carcinoma into the lung. Nephrotoxicity, as assessed by increase in BUN levels, was completely avoided. Haematological toxicity effects assessed by decreases in WBC were slight but body weight loss due to anorexia was severe. PMID- 6543706 TI - Melanoma cells growing in aggregates on a non-adhesive poly(HEMA) substrate exhibit polykaryocytosis but do not develop an increased metastatic capability. AB - B16-F1 melanoma cells were plated onto plastic tissue-culture dishes rendered non adhesive for cells by coating with 0.12 per cent poly(2-hydroxyethyl methylacrylate), poly(HEMA). These growth conditions caused the normally flat, adherent B16-F1 cells to grow as single cells in suspension. Within 24 hours, the rounded cells formed aggregates and grew at a slower rate than control cells grown at the same density on untreated plastic dishes. Microscopic observations provided evidence that polykaryocytosis was occurring among the aggregates. Following replating onto standard adhesive tissue-culture plastic, 20-30 per cent of the aggregates were observed to contain varying numbers of multinucleated giant cells (polykaryocytes). The study has revealed a previously undescribed propensity of certain B16-F1 cells cultivated as aggregates in suspension to develop into polykaryocytes, most probably as a result of spontaneous tumor cell tumor cell fusion. The possible relevance of this behavior in vitro to events in tumor progression is discussed. This study, however, does not support the findings of others that the metastatic capability of B16-F1 cells is increased by such non-adherent culture conditions. No increase in metastatic potential was observed for B16-F1 cells, or for a low metastatic clone (F1-7) derived from it, grown for 72 or 96 hours in a spherical configuration compared to control cells grown in a flat, adherent monolayer. PMID- 6543705 TI - Chromosome and DNA analyses of rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines and clones of different metastatic potentials. AB - Chromosome morphologies revealed by Giemsa-banded karyotypes and chromosome numbers were compared between parental tumor-, lymph node- and lung metastasis derived rat 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines and clones having different spontaneous metastatic potentials. Although chromosome numbers in the cell lines and clones generally correlated with DNA content by flow cytometry, ploidy did not correlate with spontaneous metastatic potentials. Chromosome number and DNA content drifted during prolonged in vitro growth in each of the cell lines and clones. Common chromosome rearrangements were found, confirming a common origin for all the cell lines and clones, and the frequency and appearance of the individual marker chromosomes fluctuated during in vitro growth. Karyotypic analyses revealed that the markers coinciding with phenotypic drift in spontaneous metastatic potential and other biological properties of parental tumor-derived clones MTC and MTF7 and lung metastasis-derived clone MTLn3 involved chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8. Clone MTC exhibited a shift in several markers and an increase in metastatic potential at passage T20, while clone MTF7 displayed a lesser spontaneous metastatic potential at high passage (T34) concomitant with an increase in the frequency of certain marker chromosomes. Lung metastasis-derived clone MTLn3 also exhibited a shift in some marker chromosomes, colonization preference and metastatic potential to lung and lymph nodes at high tissue culture passages. The changes in marker chromosomes during in vitro passage of clones MTC and MTLn3 suggested the presence of at least two cell subpopulations which could be responsible for the observed shift in spontaneous metastatic properties. Karyotypic features of the 13762NF cell lines and clones indicate that subtle cytogenetic changes, in contrast to gross chromosomal abnormalities, may be more important in determining metastatic phenotype. PMID- 6543707 TI - Studies of mammary carcinoma metastasis in a mouse model system. II: Lectin binding properties of cells in relation to the incidence and organ distribution of metastases. AB - A panel of fluorescein-conjugated lectins was used to investigate the cell surface carbohydrates of cell lines isolated from a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma which differ markedly in their morphological and metastatic properties. The lectin-binding profiles of the cells showed them to express generally similar cell surface characteristics; however, two minor differences were evident. Galactose moieties recognized by peanut lectin were expressed on all highly metastatic fusiform cell types examined, but only on 50-60 per cent of the polygonal cells of limited metastatic capacity. Similarly, N-acetylgalactosamine moieties were demonstrated on fusiform cell types by soya bean lectin binding but were not expressed on intact polygonal cells. In both cases pretreatment of polygonal cells with neuraminidase allowed lectin binding comparable with that of fusiform cells suggesting that Gal and GalNAc sugars were abundantly present but masked by sialic acid residues. Using a novel technique in which tumour cells were incubated on cryostat sections of normal tissues, it was found that the cell lines exhibited different adhesion patterns which to some extent reflected their preferential sites for spontaneous metastasis and organ colonization in vivo. Thus the adherence of fusiform cells to liver was five times as great as that of polygonal cells, whereas the latter bound preferentially to lung tissue. Prior treatment of polygonal cells with neuraminidase doubled their frequency of attachment to liver sections, but had no effect on their binding to other tissues. Also, the presence of 100 mM N-acetylgalactosamine during incubation specifically inhibited the adherence of fusiform cells to liver tissues, but did not significantly influence other cell-tissue interactions. The data suggest that the expression of galactosyl or N-acetylated galactosyl groups on the fusiform cells facilitates their attachment to lectin-like receptors on liver cells and contributes to their superior capacity, compared with polygonal cells, for growth and metastasis in this organ. PMID- 6543708 TI - Artificial metastases and decrease of fibrinolysis in the nude mouse lung after hemithoracic irradiation. AB - X-irradiation to the nude mouse lung and the ensuing pulmonary metastasis of the injected human cancer cells were investigated. Human cancer cells were injected intravenously into nude mice following 20 Gy right hemithoracic irradiation. The right lungs showed evidence of metastasis while metastasis was slight in the non irradiated left lung. Platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition occurred around the arrested cancer cells in the capillaries of the right lung. The fibrinolytic activity of the irradiated right lung was lower than that of the non-irradiated contralateral lung. Natural killer cell activity was lower in the right-lung irradiated mice than in the non-irradiated mice. We conclude that when the target organ is exposed to X-irradiation, there will be a decrease in fibrinolytic activity, a condition paving the way toward a metastasis. PMID- 6543710 TI - Intragastric glucose and saline cause a much pronounced postoperative retention than fat emulsion and amino acids. PMID- 6543711 TI - [Postoperative peritoneal adhesions: experimental study]. PMID- 6543709 TI - Multiple phenotypic divergence of mammary adenocarcinoma cell clones. I. In vitro and in vivo properties. AB - The properties of cell clones derived from locally growing and spontaneous metastases of 13762NF mammary adenocarcinoma change during in vitro growth. This has been termed phenotypic drift and is reproducible in independent experiments using different cryoprotected cell stocks. To determine whether phenotypic drift in 13762NF cell clones is the result of an en bloc shift in the properties of all tumor cells, or independent phenotypic divergence of tumor cells to produce a mixed cell population, local tumor-derived clone MTF7 was subcloned at low and high culture passage numbers in vitro. Each subclone was analyzed in vitro for cell morphology, growth rate, saturation density, karyotype and ploidy, and in vivo for experimental metastatic behavior. Subclones derived from low passage clone MTF7 (T11; tissue culture passage number 11) were relatively homogeneous in their growth rates (doubling times of 16.8-17.4 h) and saturation densities (approximately 2 X 10(5) cells/cm2); yet, these same subclones were heterogeneous in their in vitro cell morphologies, experimental metastatic potentials (means range from 0 to greater than 100 tumor nodules per lung), size distributions of lung tumor nodules, marker chromosomes and modal chromosome numbers. High passage MTF7 (T35; tissue culture passage number 35) subclones had similar growth rates and saturation densities, except for subclone 2, which had a doubling time of approximately 26 h. Cell morphologies, experimental metastatic potentials (means range from 3 to greater than 600 tumor nodules per lung), size distribution of lung tumor nodules, marker chromosomes and modal chromosome numbers varied between MTF7 (T35) subclones. The results suggest that simultaneous, independent divergence of several phenotypes from a single cloned cell occurred to form a mixed cell population containing cells with independently segregated, unrelated phenotypes. Thus, the reproducibility of phenotypic drift in clonal cell populations was probably the result of tumor cell divergence and was not an en bloc shift in phenotypic properties of all cells. PMID- 6543713 TI - [A rare lesion of the gastric mucosa: xanthomatosis]. PMID- 6543712 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of condylomata of the distal urethra]. PMID- 6543714 TI - [Incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia in a community mental health service from 1975 to 1981]. PMID- 6543715 TI - [Polysomnogram and personality studies in chronic primary insomnia]. PMID- 6543716 TI - [The idea of suicide and behavior of schizophrenics]. PMID- 6543717 TI - [Subtemporal approach for resection of prefixed chiasmatic tumors of the sellar region]. PMID- 6543718 TI - [Intracranial tumors--an analysis of 2082 cases]. PMID- 6543719 TI - [Cerebellar hemangioblastoma--a clinicopathological study of 21 cases]. PMID- 6543720 TI - [Pilonidal sinus associated with intraspinal dermoid or epidermoid cyst in children]. PMID- 6543721 TI - [Facial nerve block in front of the ear in the treatment of facial spasm]. PMID- 6543722 TI - [Anatomical observation of the ascending frontal vein and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6543723 TI - [Tumors of the jugular foramen region]. PMID- 6543724 TI - [The evaluation of evoked potentials in the early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6543725 TI - [Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with cerebral stroke]. PMID- 6543726 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials in complete ischemic apoplexy]. PMID- 6543727 TI - [Effect of safflower on cerebral ischemic edema--a study in the gerbil stroke model]. PMID- 6543728 TI - [Clinical analysis of 151 cases of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6543729 TI - [Myotonic dystrophy--a clinical and genetic study of 4 families]. PMID- 6543730 TI - [Analysis of the harmful products of polyvinyl chloride during thermal processing by using PGC-MS]. PMID- 6543731 TI - [Mechanism of induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by tetrachlorvinphas (TCVP)]. PMID- 6543732 TI - [Study of chronic lead-poisoning from using tin-kettles]. PMID- 6543733 TI - [The study of the routes of transmission of viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6543734 TI - [Some characteristics of chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen]. PMID- 6543736 TI - [A report on the contamination and disinfection of hospitals]. PMID- 6543735 TI - [A brief discussion on statistical research and health statistics]. PMID- 6543737 TI - [A discussion on six significant tests for the four-fold table]. PMID- 6543738 TI - [Observation on levels of serum LH and plasma testosterone in workers exposed to fast neutrons while searching for mines]. PMID- 6543739 TI - [Dried mushroom poisoning: report of 20 cases]. PMID- 6543740 TI - [Laboratory study of the transmission of dengue virus by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus]. PMID- 6543741 TI - [Incidence of chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchange in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers exposed to methyl-parathion]. PMID- 6543742 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in Beijing among workers in contact with domestic animals]. PMID- 6543743 TI - [Outbreak of influenza B in Jilin Province]. PMID- 6543744 TI - [Determination of anionic surfactants in water with a high salt content]. PMID- 6543745 TI - [Determination of 4-methylimidazole in caramel color by an improved thin-layer chromatography method]. PMID- 6543746 TI - [Determination of trace zinc by an improved spectrophotometric method]. PMID- 6543747 TI - [Determination of iodine in iodized salt]. PMID- 6543748 TI - [Epidemiological study of occupational diseases]. PMID- 6543749 TI - [Complications of the anterior route operation in cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6543750 TI - [A decompression procedure for vertebral artery insufficiency in cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6543751 TI - [Long-term follow-up results of anterior surgery of myelopathy due to cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6543752 TI - [Experimental study of the relationship between stress ulcer caused by hemorrhagic shock, prostaglandin E levels in the gastric mucosa and disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier]. PMID- 6543753 TI - [Pericardial and gastro-fundic devascularization with splenectomy in esophago fundic varices]. PMID- 6543754 TI - [Analysis of 437 cases of reoperations in cholelithiasis]. PMID- 6543755 TI - [Surgical treatment of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: analysis of 639 cases with follow-up]. PMID- 6543756 TI - [Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans by arterialization of the venous channel]. PMID- 6543757 TI - [Closure of atrial septal defects and its late results: report of 1083 cases]. PMID- 6543758 TI - [Surgical treatment of benign strictures of the esophagus]. PMID- 6543759 TI - [Application of microsurgery in repair of acute traumatic wounds: report of 10 cases]. PMID- 6543760 TI - [Changes in intra-articular pressure of the hip joint in Legg-Perthes disease]. PMID- 6543761 TI - [Anterior decompression for the treatment of late cervical traumatic tetraplegia]. PMID- 6543762 TI - [Locally transferred myocutaneous gluteus maximus flaps in the repair of sacral pressure sores]. PMID- 6543763 TI - [Treatment of varicocele by anastomosis between the internal spermatic vein and inferior epigastric vein]. PMID- 6543764 TI - [Anatomic characteristic of the cervical vertebrae and cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6543765 TI - [Chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6543766 TI - [Preliminary report on the second short-course study in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6543767 TI - [Comparison between a 9-month regimen and 18-month regimen for the initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with a positive sputum culture]. PMID- 6543768 TI - [An assessment of 9-month short-term chemotherapy in newly discovered, primary treated, smear-positive cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in Yanbian]. PMID- 6543769 TI - [Long-term results of surgical treatment of severe pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6543770 TI - [Chromosome examination in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural effusions]. PMID- 6543771 TI - [The diagnostic significance of lactic dehydrogenase and isoenzymes in pleural effusions]. PMID- 6543772 TI - [Study of lysozyme activity for the differential diagnosis of tuberculous and malignant pleural fluids]. PMID- 6543773 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of pulmonary hamartoma]. PMID- 6543774 TI - [An experimental observation on pressor responses of pulmonary arterial pressure in different degrees of acute hypoxia in rabbits]. PMID- 6543775 TI - [Effects of tussah silk dust on lung function]. PMID- 6543776 TI - [Early vitamin K deficiency in newborn infants in Dakar]. PMID- 6543777 TI - [The unusual case of the month: an old foreign body in the esophagus]. PMID- 6543778 TI - [Submaxillectomies. Evaluation of 39 cases]. PMID- 6543779 TI - [Reference values of HDL cholesterol in healthy Senegalese]. PMID- 6543780 TI - [Duodenal adenocarcinoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6543781 TI - [Hematologic constants in the acute phase of malaria in Senegalese adults]. PMID- 6543782 TI - [4 rare tumors of the nasal fossae]. PMID- 6543783 TI - [Facial neuralgia manifesting an acoustic neuroma]. PMID- 6543784 TI - [Purulent pericarditis in children in Dakar]. PMID- 6543785 TI - [The place of nephrology in morbidity in an internal medicine department for black African adults in Dakar. Apropos of 7379 cases]. PMID- 6543786 TI - [Deferred autologous transfusion. Apropos of 15 cases at Dakar General Hospital]. PMID- 6543787 TI - [The narrow lumbar canal. Apropos of 27 cases operated on at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the Dakar University Medical Center]. PMID- 6543788 TI - [Cervical Pott's disease. Apropos of 26 cases observed at the Fann University Hospital Center]. PMID- 6543789 TI - [The subjective measurement of distant visual acuity in illiterates. Comparison of procedures]. PMID- 6543790 TI - [Cystic lymphangioma: a practical problem in cervical oncology. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6543791 TI - [The treatment of otogenic meningitis]. PMID- 6543792 TI - [The role of hepatic artery ligation in liver injuries]. PMID- 6543793 TI - [Medical monitoring of a half-marathon race]. PMID- 6543794 TI - [Polymyositis in Senegal]. PMID- 6543795 TI - [Mucocele of the facial sinuses. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 6543796 TI - A prospective randomized study comparing results of cemented and non-cemented endoprosthetic fixation in the surgical treatment of osteoarthrosis of the hip. PMID- 6543797 TI - Intramedullary fixation of 'custom-made' major endoprostheses with special reference to the bone response. PMID- 6543798 TI - An evaluation of total hip replacement cementing technique using sonic resonance. PMID- 6543799 TI - Experimental evaluation of the anchoring efficiency of bone cement under various conditions, and improved cementing techniques and instrumentations for total hip replacement. PMID- 6543800 TI - [Effect of dipyridyl compounds on transport activities in the rabbit's small intestine and their absorption in the in vitro conditions]. PMID- 6543801 TI - [Mesothelium as a barrier during peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6543802 TI - [Cultivation of epithelial cells on millipore filters as experimental multicellular membranes]. PMID- 6543803 TI - [Glycogenolytic activity of rat blood serum in vitro]. PMID- 6543804 TI - [Composition of infiltrates from reactive cells in transplanted neoplasms in mice]. PMID- 6543805 TI - [Preliminary results of conservative treatment of thyroid cysts by the method of puncture aspiration]. PMID- 6543806 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of catheterization of the thoracic duct and peritoneal dialysis in elimination of arsenic compounds absorbed by intestines in experimental studies]. PMID- 6543807 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the kidney function using our method of renographic examination]. PMID- 6543808 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the kidney function using a simple renographic test- a theoretical analysis]. PMID- 6543809 TI - [Hematological indicators of peripheral blood in workers occupationally exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene]. PMID- 6543810 TI - [Increased levels of various trace elements in the blood of children with bronchial asthma and their effect on the erythrocyte-plasma indicators for sodium and potassium ions]. PMID- 6543811 TI - Evaluation and management in consultation-liaison psychiatry. AB - The subjects were 95 medical and surgical inpatients referred to Kyushu University Hospital Psychiatric Consultation Service. The authors studied the mental status of each referred patient and elicited some Unclassified mental status cases. It was recommended, therefore, to bring in new concepts of normal condition and polymorphous condition in dealing with those Unclassified mental status cases which are often recognized as problematic both by the patient's primary physician and the psychiatric consultant. The ordinary style Single contact consultation was also compared with the Active follow-up consultation regarding the function of psychiatric consultations. The authors confirmed that most referring physicians who were supported by the Active follow-up consultation appreciated highly the evaluating function of a psychiatric consultant. PMID- 6543812 TI - Psychomotor status--a female case in the 34th week of pregnancy. AB - A case report is presented here. A 33-year-old female who had been medicated with Chinese medicine showed a typical psychomotor status which conformed to all items of Heintel's and Treiman and Delgado-Escueta's diagnostic criteria of psychomotor status. When she was 33 years old in the 34th week of pregnancy on April 11, 1981, she was found to be in an epileptic twilight state during which a delirious state and some automatisms were observed. As the incidence of automatisms gradually increased, she was finally seized with a typical psychomotor status in which automatisms were quite periodically and frequently repeated without complete recovery of consciousness between seizures. This status still continued despite an intravenous injection of diazepam and phenytoin and barely ceased with the medication of clonazepam and carbamazepine four days after the beginning of the status. PMID- 6543813 TI - Sleep pattern in children with intractable epilepsy and mental retardation. AB - Four cases with intractable epilepsy and mental retardation (Epi + MR), four cases of mental retardation (MR), one case of mental retardation without epileptic seizures for the last several years (MR + (Epi] and two normal children were studied on their sleep pattern. Besides these, two cases of epilepsy (Epi) were examined. Awake time increased in the Epi + MR group. Slow wave sleep decreased markedly in the Epi + MR group. REM sleep decreased in the MR + (Epi) and Epi + MR groups. REM density was lowered in the following order: normal--- Epi----MR----Epi + MR groups. The difference of sleep pattern among the normal, Epi and MR groups was not exhibited clearly, but severe sleep disturbances were shown in the Epi + MR group, implicating the severe brain dysfunction in the cortex and the brain stem. PMID- 6543814 TI - Neurobiological studies of experimental diphenylhydantoin intoxication--III. Electron microscopic studies on development and disintegration mechanism of altered axon terminals and synaptic endings in rat cerebellum with chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication. AB - The processes of development and disintegration of axonal spheroids were electron microscopically studied in the rat cerebellum with chronic diphenylhydantoin intoxication. According to the severity and character of membrane accumulation, the whole course ranging from development to disintegration of altered axon terminals and synaptic endings in the DPH-intoxicated rat cerebellum was classified into the following four stages--initial, moderate, advanced and terminal. The initial stage was characterized by the appearance of a small number of interconnected tubules 150 to 350 A in diameter in non-enlarged axon terminals and synaptic endings. Usually these tubular structures tended to congregate in a certain part of axoplasm so that there were no intimate relationships between them and ordinary cell organelles. The moderate stage was characterized by an increased number of interconnected tubules in slightly or moderately swollen axon terminals and synaptic endings. The advanced stage was characterized by an extraordinary number of interconnected tubules in extremely highly swollen axon terminals and synaptic endings. Membranous scrolls and/or membranous strands separated by a cleft-like space were also found in an association with interconnected tubules so that the morphological organization of spheroids in the rat cerebellum with chronic DPH intoxication was very analogous to those of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. The terminal stage was characterized by the following three axonal events, i.e., rarefaction and coagulation necroses, and phagocytosis of spheroids by glial elements, presumably astrocytic in origin. The formation and fate of such axonal spheroids have not as yet been shown and discussed by electron microscopists. Thus the present paper was the first to reveal the electron microscopic observations suggestive of the details of development and disintegration mechanisms of spheroids by means of animal experimentations. PMID- 6543815 TI - Effects of imipramine on behavior and brain norepinephrine metabolism in tetrabenazine treated rats: comparative study of a single administration with repeated administrations of imipramine. AB - The effects of a single and repeated administrations of imipramine on the tetrabenazine-induced sedation in rats were studied. The 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol-sulfate (MHPG-SO4) level in the brain was measured. A single administration of imipramine of 20 mg/kg had no significant effect on the rats' locomotor activity and the brain MHPG-SO4. The administration of 30 mg/kg of tetrabenazine produced marked sedation and significantly increased the brain MHPG-SO4. The imipramine pretreatment reversed the tetrabenazine-induced sedation. The brain MHPG-SO4 in the rats treated with a single administration of imipramine along with tetrabenazine decreased significantly, compared with that in the rats treated with tetrabenazine only. The administration of alpha-methyl para-tyrosine (alpha-MT) of 250 mg/kg suppressed the reversal of the tetrabenazine-induced sedation. The administration of Ro4-4602 of 50 mg/kg and L 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) of 100 mg/kg had no significant effect on the reversal. The repeated daily administrations of imipramine of 20 mg/kg reversed the tetrabenazine-induced sedation and produced the locomotor hyperactivity. When the rats were treated with the repeated administrations of imipramine for five days and had tetrabenazine administered on the last day, the brain MHPG-SO4 increased significantly as compared with that in the rats treated with a single administration of imipramine and tetrabenazine. There was no difference in the amount of locomotor activity between the rats administered imipramine of 20 mg/kg and tetrabenazine and those administered imipramine of 40 mg/kg and tetrabenazine. Several considerations were given to the above-mentioned results. PMID- 6543816 TI - An ultrastructural change in developing rat cerebral cortex: a morphometrical study. AB - Five age groups, each composed of four animals from each of the following ages, were used to assess age-related ultrastructural changes with development in the neuropil of the III layer of the frontal cortex (area 6) in rats; 1, 2, 3, 5 and 12 weeks old. Random samplings within the neuropil were taken to produce 25 electron micrographs in each rat (totaling 500). The profiles of axon terminals, dendrites and mitochondria in each element in the neuropil of each micrograph were traced. The percentage of their areas for the area of neuropil (relative volume fraction) was examined using the image analyzer system. The size and number of synaptic terminals were counted. The relative volume fractions of both the axon terminals and mitochondria in the terminals for the neuropil were found to have increased in the mature rats. On the other hand, the relative volume fraction of dendrites for the neuropil had been unchanged and the size of the terminals had gradually decreased. The number of terminals had progressively increased with development. PMID- 6543817 TI - Effects of various prostaglandins and leukotriene C4 on isolated detrusor muscle in rabbits. PMID- 6543818 TI - Definite localization and some properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in chick embryo liver. PMID- 6543819 TI - Difference in Ca2+ mobilization between longitudinal and circular muscles of canine small intestine during high K-induced contraction. PMID- 6543820 TI - The analysis of ground reaction forces in pathological gait secondary to disorders of the foot. AB - A description is given of the vertical and horizontal components of the forces applied to the floor by the foot in walking. Information about the characteristics of the normal force pattern was obtained from the analysis of the gait of 214 normal subjects (108 young adults, 63 elderly people and 43 children). It is suggested that the normal gait pattern is characterised by a marked population variability, a considerable step-to-step consistency and symmetry of the forces from both feet. The force pattern in pathological gait secondary to disorders of the foot also shows a marked repeatability but is characterised by a pronounced asymmetry. A specific disorder of the foot does not necessarily result in a typical corresponding force pattern. The measured data allow a functional diagnosis and show how the patient is reacting to his disability. A force visualisation system is proposed permitting the immediate comparison between the normal and the affected foot and allowing long term assessment of subsequent changes. The force plates used also allow the recording of the progression of the centre of pressure in the foot and the measurement of the torque around the ankle joint. PMID- 6543821 TI - [The induction of chondrogenesis after fracture repair]. AB - Various experimental models have been used in young rabbits to determine the conditions necessary to induce chondrogenesis in the inner layer of periosteum after injury. Chondrogenesis will always occur in the presence of a haematoma, torn periosteum and bone, but if one of these factors in missing such a response may not necessarily occur. PMID- 6543822 TI - [The risk non-union following closed-focus nailing and reaming. Results of 1059 interventions using the Kunstcher method]. AB - The authors have studied a series of 1059 compound and closed fractures of the diaphysis of long bones treated by intramedullary nailing according to the technique of Kuntscher, to assess the incidence of non-union. Between January 1st 1967 and December 31st 1980, 503 fractures of the tibia, 440 of the femur and 116 of the humerus were so treated in both adolescents and adults. The fractures were mostly sustained in road traffic accidents. The risk of aseptic non-union was small, but occurred more readily when the skin was damaged and when the site of the fracture was at the junction of the lower two quarters of the tibia; the incidence was highest when the technique of nailing was incorrect or when the going was undertaken too late. The incidence of non-union and infection are compared with those of other series using the same closed technique and with reports describing insertion of the nail of the plate by opening the fracture. It is concluded that intramedullary nailing using the Kuntscher technique is the most reliable treatment for this type of injury for routine use in an acute fracture service. In this series the incidence of aseptic non-union was approximately 1%, of infection with non-union less than 0.5% and of early infection with eventual union less than 1.5%. PMID- 6543823 TI - Chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis; studies on an experimental model. AB - The progression of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis into a chronic infection was investigated in a group of ten dogs in which the infection was produced by injection of micropaque barium mixed with Staphylococcus aureus or Salmonella Group C-2 into the tibial nutrient artery. Antibiotics were not used. Twenty four months later the infected limb of the surviving animals exhibited clinical, histological, radiological and microbiological changes which closely resembled those found in chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis (CHO) in humans. We observed spontaneous fractures, skin fistulae, bone sequestration and active bone remodelling. The original infecting bacteria were often replaced by different microorganisms because of skin fistulae or haematogenous contamination. Although the initial mortality was high the surviving animals showed signs of local and systemic symbiosis with the infecting bacteria. In two animals the previously infected and remodelled bone failed to show histological evidence of infection. This model may be useful in the study of a variety of factors affecting the natural history of CHO, particularly those encompassing the immunological response of the host. PMID- 6543824 TI - Primary chronic osteomyelitis. AB - Plasma-cell osteomyelitis is a histological diagnosis and, in the opinion of some authors, is a disease entity which can be differentiated from the sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garre and Brodie's abscess. Our investigation of 12 patients with plasma-cell osteomyelitis leads us to a different conclusion. The radiological appearances are not specific and do not allow a definitive diagnosis of the type of osteomyelitis or the exclusion of other bone disorders. Although there were always an increased number of plasma cells in the specimens from our patients, there were frequently transitional appearances varying from sclerosing osteomyelitis to Brodie's abscess. For this reason, we suggest that the term "primary chronic osteomyelitis" should be used. This makes it possible to distinguish the condition from acute and secondary osteomyelitis as well as from other diseases, such as bone tumours. All our patients were treated by local resection of the osteomyelitis lesion and they all recovered uneventfully; there were no local recurrences. PMID- 6543825 TI - The progression of idiopathic scoliosis after removal of Harrington instrumentation following spinal fusion. AB - We have investigated the affect of removal of Harrington rods in 36 patients who had undergone successful spinal fusion for idiopathic scoliosis. In the curves in which further deterioration had taken place even though fusion had been achieved, there was a small improvement in both major and minor curves in the first six months after removal of the rod, followed by complete stabilisation of the curve. A similar tendency to stabilisation was noticed in the curves which had not shown deterioration. We conclude that regression of a curve which has fused following Harrington rod instrumentation occurs when the rod has not been placed according to optimum biomechanical principles. Removal of the rod then relieves the deforming stresses and allows the spine to stabilise. PMID- 6543826 TI - [Analysis of the mechanical function of the cruciate ligaments in antero posterior knee laxity. An in vitro study]. AB - In order to evaluate the contribution of both anterior (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligaments (PCL) in antero-posterior knee laxity, mechanical tests were performed on 31 fresh-cadaver-knees ranging from 20 to 68 years old. The joints flexed at 90 degrees in a mounting apparatus were placed in a testing machine with the tibia fixed in neutral rotation. The load-displacement curves were then analyzed. The results showed that the tensile strength of the ACL decreased greatly with age whereas its stiffness measured during anterior drawer test remained independent of age and sex. Successive resection of the antero-medial (AM) and postero-lateral (PL) bundles of the ACL demonstrated the AM bundle to be the major structure involved in the limitation of tibial displacement in the anterior drawer test. The amount of tibial shift during the anterior drawer test did not reflect the condition of the ACL, while its resection always induced a strong and significant drop in anterior knee stiffness. Dissection of the PCL was always followed by significant posterior tibial displacement during the posterior drawer test of over 10 mm, which did not permit the experimental apparatus to quantify the posterior load displacement relationship. PMID- 6543827 TI - Lipomembranous osteodysplasia: a case report. AB - A case is reported of symmetrical cystic bone destruction in a young woman; in the affected areas bony tissue was replaced by a lipomembranous material and the lesions show unique features on electron and light microscopy. The patient suffered from skeletal pain and spontaneous fractures occurred in weightbearing bones. The bony disease was associated with psychiatric signs of leucoencephalopathy and brain atrophy. The aetiology is unknown, but it is possible that the condition may have a genetic basis. Treatment can only be directed towards the relief of symptoms. PMID- 6543828 TI - The effect of ethnic origin on personality resources and psychophysiological health in a chronic stress situation: the case of spouses of dialysis patients. PMID- 6543829 TI - The epidemiology of attempted suicide in Haifa, Israel, during 1977-80. PMID- 6543830 TI - Opening a psychiatric ward in Safed: effects on hospitalization patterns. PMID- 6543831 TI - The courage to forgive. PMID- 6543832 TI - Compulsive gambling: psychoanalytic and sociological perspectives. PMID- 6543833 TI - Illness as a dynamic continuum--a holistic approach. PMID- 6543834 TI - Requirements for paediatric blood pressure cuffs. AB - Since recommendations concerning the optimal size of blood pressure cuffs (i.e. bladders) are controversial, we performed arm measurements in 162 patients aged 3 weeks to 19 years. The arm circumferences when using bladders 4 cm to 8 cm wide are considerably longer than previously assumed, e.g. 12.5 to 18.5 cm for a bladder 4 cm wide. The requirements for the inflatable bladder are based on these arm measurements and the recommendations to use a bladder that is as wide as possible and encircles at least 60% of the arm (the 4 cm bladder must overlap). Thus, the optimal (minimal) dimensions are: 12 X 24 (19) cm, 10 X 20 (17) cm, 8 X 18 (16) cm and 4 X 20 cm. The blood pressure cuffs available on the Swiss market were then tested according to these specifications. Eleven of 20 cuffs were rated unsuitable in children, and only 6 can be recommended. Thus, there is an obvious need for improvement. PMID- 6543835 TI - Shigellosis: incidence of convulsions and resistance to antibiotics. AB - One hundred and ninety-three children with bacillary dysentery were admitted to the "Assaf Harofeh Hospital" during the years 1975-1980. Generalized convulsions were observed in 37 (19.2%) children. The incidence of seizures was significantly higher in children whose age ranged between 1 and 6 years when compared to those below or above this age range. Convulsions were not observed when fever was below 38 degrees C, however, higher fever was not associated with a parallel increase in their incidence. Temperature above 38 degrees C was less common in infants compared to older children. These findings suggest that convulsions in shigellosis do not differ from simple febrile convulsions in respect to age, sex, presence and degree of fever. The incidence of resistance to either ampicillin or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was similar in all the various shigella strains isolated in our population. PMID- 6543836 TI - [Prevalence of allergies in children and adolescents]. AB - As for other chronic diseases, surveys of allergic conditions can give useful data about their prevalence and natural history. A study of the frequency of major allergic manifestations--asthma, allergic rhinitis, hay fever, atopic dermatitis and urticaria--could be performed twice at 13 years interval (1968/1981) among kindergarten children (4-6 years old) and 9th grade students (15 years old) attending the Geneva public schools. These samples represent about 90% of the corresponding age groups of the total population. Both surveys were conducted with individual interviews and physical examinations by trained physicians and nurses. The total prevalence of allergy was 5.4% in 1968 and 7.0% in 1981 for the children, and 10.3% and 11.5% for the adolescents. Asthma prevalence was 1.7% in 1968 vs 2.0% in 1981 among children, and 1.9% vs 2.8% among adolescents. For the other diseases the figures are: allergic rhinitis 0.6% vs 0.2% and 1.0% vs 0.6%; hay fever 0.5% vs 1.1% and 4.4% vs 6.1%; atopic dermatitis 2.2% vs 2.8% and 2.3% vs 1.5%; urticaria 0.4% vs 0.9% and 0.7% vs 0.5%. The rate increases over the years concern mainly the documented respiratory manifestations of atopy. Variables like sex, family atopy, ethnic origin and socio-economic status seem to be important factors influencing prevalence. Environmental factors may explain the increase of allergy in childhood and adolescence. PMID- 6543837 TI - Familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia. AB - Familial hypobetalipoproteinaemia is a rare condition and is usually asymptomatic in heterozygotes. We report a case of hypobetalipoproteinaemia in an 8-month-old boy presenting with diarrhoea and failure to thrive since birth, who has been successfully treated with dietary restriction and large oral doses of vitamin E. This disease is one of the causes of chronic diarrhoea in childhood and its early treatment probably prevents irreversible retinal and nervous system lesions in later life. PMID- 6543838 TI - [Diagnosis and effective therapy with plasmapheresis in a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia]. AB - The case of a 17-year-old boy with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolaemia is reported. The patient presented tuberous and tendinous xanthomas, arcus lipoides, complete occlusion of the LAD of the coronary arteries, a characteristic family history, and total cholesterol levels greater than 600 mg/dl. Among the available therapeutic regimens we decided to perform plasma exchange treatment, which was introduced by Thompson in 1973 as therapy of this metabolic disorder. After each plasmapheresis, performed so far 7 times, the cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations dropped to normal levels; they increased again within the next 3 weeks, without, however, reaching the pretreatment levels. Undergoing this treatment, the xanthomas decreased markedly; there are reasons to assume that atherosclerotic lesions might also decrease during this treatment. PMID- 6543839 TI - Trisomy for the short arm of chromosome 10. Report of a new case resulting from segregation of a maternal balanced translocation t(10qter----q11::14p11----qter). AB - A 6-month-old boy with trisomy 10pter----q11 is reported. He presented facial dysmorphism very similar to that found on most other cases of trisomy 10p syndrome, dextrocardia, umbilical hernia, hypotonia and mental retardation. The chromosome anomaly was inherited by 3:1 segregation of a balanced maternal translocation, t(10qter----q11 ::14p11----qter). PMID- 6543840 TI - Hepatorenal syndrome in neonates. AB - Two neonates with hepatorenal syndrome are described. In both infants, the syndrome was precipitated by ascitic aspiration. The main pathogenetic mechanisms are reviewed, and a plea is made to use caution when considering therapeutic manipulations in infants with liver disease in order to avoid the development of the hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 6543841 TI - Neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism and alkaptonuria in a boy born to related parents with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. AB - We describe a study of a boy with neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism (NSPHP) and alkaptonuria born to related parents of Turkish origin. The clinical and chemical courses (e.g. of mineral metabolism, of urinary excretion of amino acids and collagen metabolites) in response to various therapeutic approaches including total parathyroidectomy (PTX) are reported. Urinary excretion of calcium was unusually low before and immediately after PTX, and later during an inadvertent vitamin D intoxication. It corresponded to values typical for patients with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), an autosomal dominant disorder. Both parents and one sibling had episodes of hypercalcemia with inappropriately high parathormone levels; in the father there was also relative hypocalciuria consistent with FHH. On the basis of the genetic and pathophysiologic data reported here, we speculate that homozygosity for the 'FHH gene' is the cause of the life-threatening manifestation of NSPHP, whereas heterozygosity for the same gene leads to FHH, by comparison a mild disorder. The association of the two very rare recessively transmitted disorders, alkaptonuria and NSPHP, is unique; close linkage of the two genes, one coding for homogentisic acid oxidase, the other for the unknown gene product defective in NSPHP, can be suspected. PMID- 6543842 TI - Pneumonia associated with meningococcal bacteremia and/or meningitis. AB - Four children between 5 and 12 years of age had pneumonia as a secondary complication of meningococcal bacteremia and/or meningitis. The diagnosis of meningococcal disease was established by culture of blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Fine inspiratory rales were found in one patient. In the other three cases pulmonary infiltrates were evidenced on chest roentgenogram. All patients recovered with penicillin G sodium therapy. PMID- 6543843 TI - [Adenotonsillectomy as a cure for sleep apnea syndrome in a 5-year-old boy]. AB - In a 5-year-old boy the kindergarten-teacher observed an abnormal tiredness and sleepiness. The mother observed noisy breathing and snoring during sleep. The examination showed an hypertrophy of the adenoids and the tonsils, and some signs of cor pulmonale. All symptoms disappeared completely after adeno-tonsillectomy. PMID- 6543844 TI - [Double-sided phototherapy]. PMID- 6543845 TI - A two-year survey of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome in northeastern Italy. Epidemiological and clinical findings. AB - A two-year retrospective survey of cases of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS, Kawasaki disease) was conducted by a collaborative research group in Northeastern Italy (Friuli Venezia-Giulia) by reviewing the records of all patients admitted in the paediatric wards of this area from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 1982. 19 cases of MLNS were identified representing an overall incidence in the two-year period of 14.7 cases per 100,000 children younger than 5 years of age. Seasonal clustering of cases was observed, 17 out of 19 cases occurring either in spring or autumn (P = 0.0004, binomial distribution) and 11 out of 19 cases occurring in spring alone (P = 0.0023). No evidence for direct contact between cases or common source exposure emerged, and no risk factors were identified. The clinical spectrum of the disease was similar to that described elsewhere, carditis, uveitis, arthritis and urethritis being the most frequent complications. One infant died, and in this case coronary artery aneurysms were demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography. In the remaining cases recovery was complete without sequelae. This study suggests that MLNS is more frequent than expected and that the real incidence of the disease is probably underestimated. The evidence of seasonal clustering of cases strongly suggests the presence of a yet unidentified exogenous factor playing a role in the etiology of the disease. PMID- 6543846 TI - Medicated versus saline nose drops in the management of upper respiratory infection. AB - Seventy-four children from three weeks to two years of age with various upper respiratory symptoms were randomly assigned to three groups: two intervention groups (saline nose drops; medicated nose drops) and a control group (no nose drops). Forty-six children returned for check-up two days later. Subjects in all three groups improved between first and second contact. There was no significant difference between the three groups. It is concluded that medicated nose drops are not essential in the treatment of upper respiratory infection and rhinitis. PMID- 6543847 TI - The use of sweat osmolality in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. AB - Sweat osmolality determination with 7-10 microliter of sweat for the establishment of the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) was evaluated in 297 probands. In 12 out of 26 infants below 2 months of age and in 3 out of 271 older probands not enough sweat could be collected at the first attempt. A final diagnosis was established before the age of 2 months in 21 out of 26 infants. In 27 CF patients sweat osmolality was 285.86 +/- 41.25 mmol/kg (mean +/- SD), the mean value - 2 SD being 203.36 mmol/kg. In 266 control subjects sweat osmolality was 107.38 +/- 29.49 mmol/kg (mean +/- SD), the mean value + 2 SD being 166.36 mmol/kg. There was no overlap between CF patients and controls in each age group. The method is simple, rapid and reliable, and improves diagnostic possibilities especially in young infants. Sweat osmolality values above 180 mmol/kg should be repeated and checked for final confirmation or exclusion of the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6543848 TI - Septo-optic pituitary dysplasia. Observations on three patients. AB - Septo-optic pituitary dysplasia is a relatively rare but pathophysiologically interesting malformation of the brain midline structures including optic chiasm and nerves, hypothalamus, neurohypophysis and septum pellucidum. The lesion develops between the 5th and 8th week of pregnancy. The cause is unknown but heredity seems unlikely. Symptoms result from hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal insufficiency of variable severity combined with reduced vision due to hypoplasia of optic nerves and chiasm. Prognosis is variable, depending on the severity of the defect as well as on the earliest time of diagnosis followed by suitable hormone substitution and specialized care of blindness. We present the clinical course in three patients and the pathological findings in one patient who died in the 14th month of life. PMID- 6543849 TI - Wedge-shaped epiphyses of the knees in two siblings: a new recessive rare dysplasia? AB - A peculiar form of metaphyseal dysplasia, mainly of the lower limbs, occurred in two male siblings born to healthy, unrelated parents. The clinical and radiological features were short stature, psychomotor retardation, accelerated bone maturation, the limbs and especially the knees showing cup-shaped widening of the ends of the metaphyses and wedge-shaped widening of the epiphyses. This condition does not fit the description of any syndrome reported so far and may therefore be classified as a new recessive dysplasia. PMID- 6543850 TI - Congenital adrenal hypoplasia in a male with gonadotropin deficiency. AB - We report the case of a boy with adrenal insufficiency diagnosed at the age of 2.5 months. He required immediate therapy with corticosteroids. His two brothers and a cousin died in infancy with vomiting and dehydration. Aged 17.5 years (bone age 13 years), he showed no signs of puberty, a testicular volume of 2 ml, an infantile penis, and no axillary or pubic hair. There was no evidence of a pubertal growth spurt. The low plasma levels of cortisol, 17-OHP, delta-4-A, LH and FSH did not increase after stimulation with ACTH or LHRH respectively. Urinary testosterone levels before and after HCG were extremely low. These factors strongly suggest the diagnosis of a sex-linked type of adrenal insufficiency (cytomegalic form), associated with gonadotropin deficiency. PMID- 6543851 TI - [Hypercalciuria and idiopathic hematuria in children]. PMID- 6543852 TI - [Sudden infant death. Epidemiological factors in unexplained, partially or insufficiently explained causes of death]. AB - Epidemiologic investigations were carried out on 185 infants, who died suddenly and on whom autopsies were performed. 53 infants died a "true sudden infant death", for 90 infants death was partly, and for 42 death was adequately explained. The three groups of SID infants were concordant with regard to the following parameters: the peak of mortality was found at about three months of age; among the SID probands, first born were less, third and later born were more numerous than in the general population; mothers of first, second and third born SID probands were younger as compared to the general population; SID probands were born twice as often in October as in March. Differences between children of Swiss or foreign parentage respectively were of minor significance with relatively few illegitimate and relatively many foster children among the foreign SID probands. 185 diseased children who had died in hospital and on whom autopsies were performed served as one control group; a second control group consisted of 1020 unselected newborns of the city of Zurich. The test groups resembled one another in their deviation from the controls and thus seem to form an entity distinct from non-SID infants. PMID- 6543853 TI - Transepidermal water loss and resting energy expenditure in preterm infants. AB - Skin water loss of preterm infants, nursed naked in incubators under thermoneutral conditions, was assessed by a method based on the measurement of water vapor pressure gradient close to the skin surface. The corresponding skin evaporative heat loss was calculated using an energy equivalent of 0.58 kcal/g water vaporised. During the first 5 weeks of life, 128 sets of measurements were made on 56 infants whose gestational age ranged from 28 to 37 weeks. In the first week of life, infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation had substantially higher transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin evaporative heat loss (skin EHL) (41.5 +/- 11.5 g/kg X day TEWL; 24.1 +/- 6.5 kcal/kg X day skin EHL) than infants of 34 weeks and greater (11.1 +/- 4.1 g/kg X day; 6.4 +/- 2.4 kcal/kg X day). Infants of 30-33 weeks of gestation had intermediate values (22.4 +/- 7.6 g/kg X day; 13 +/- 4.4 kcal/kg X day). From the third week of life on, TEWL was similar for all preterm infants, i.e. 14.2 +/- 2.6 to 12.7 +/- 1.9 g/kg X day and corresponds to skin EHL of 8.2 +/- 1.5 to 7.4 +/- 1.1 kcal/kg X day. There was a significant inverse relationship between gestational age and TEWL and also between postnatal age and TEWL. In an additional group of 7 preterm infants (30-34 weeks of gestation, mean postnatal age of 21 +/- 9 days) transepidermal water loss and energy expenditure were measured simultaneously. The skin evaporative heat loss (8.8 +/- 2.5 kcal/kg X day) accounted for 17 +/- 5% of energy expenditure (53.3 +/- 4.1 kcal/kg X day). This study emphasizes that in infants of less than 30 weeks of gestation, the transepidermal water loss is of great importance and makes a major contribution to water and heat balances. PMID- 6543854 TI - [Doppler pulse and interventricular communication]. AB - To test the diagnostic accuracy of pulsed Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-echo) in ventricular septal defect (VSD), 32 children were studied. All were suspected on clinical grounds to have a VSD. In 17 children, the VSD was proven by cardiac catheterization (group I, mean age 10 years); in 15, only non-invasive investigation was carried out (group II, mean age 1 year). In group I, 2D-echo showed a ventricular septal defect in 14 cases (82%); the Doppler study demonstrated a typical systolic turbulent flow in the right ventricle, in front of the septum, in all cases. In group II, the VSD was visualized by 2D-echo in 11 cases (73%). Pulsed Doppler showed a typical turbulent flow in the right ventricle in all cases. Thus, pulsed Doppler appears more sensitive in detecting ventricular septal defect--especially of small size- than 2D-echo. The diagnostic value of Doppler remains intact when associated cardiac malformations are present and in cases of pulmonary hypertension, as long as the shunt is not reversed. PMID- 6543855 TI - [Prognostic value of the neurodevelopmental status in the first year of life in children with increased perinatal risk]. AB - Among 503 high-risk newborns followed-up systematically in a prospective study up to 5 years of age, abnormalities of the development of posture, of maturation of tone and of psychomotor development were diagnosed at the age of 6 months in 70 children (13.9%) who form the study group. Among the other 433 high-risk newborns who presented a normal psychomotor development at the age of 6 months, 73 were selected at random and form the control group. In the study group, 59% of the children had a development which became normal during the second year of life (transitory disorders), 21% had persistent minor neurological abnormalities at the age of 5 years, and 20% evolved towards cerebral palsy and/or mental retardation. In the control group, 97.3% of the children remained normal and 2.7% presented minor neurological abnormalities at 5 years. Three parameters are important to estimate the prognosis of the children in the study group. These are: the presence of neurological disorders during the neonatal period, the type of neurodevelopmental abnormalities diagnosed at the age of 6 months, and the evolution of these abnormalities during the second semester of life. Among the 14 major handicaps, 13 were found in children who presented neurological neonatal disorders and 12 appeared in children who had an abnormality of muscular tonus associated with cognitive and social retardation at the age of 6 months. 52% of the children, whose status had not been "normalized" at 12 months, had a major handicap at 5 years. However, a hypertonia predominating in the lower limbs and observed at 6 months has a good prognosis; it disappears during the second year of life in 81.2% of cases (transitory disorders) and is associated with persistent minor neurological abnormalities in 18.8% of cases.--This study gives useful information for the establishment of an early prognosis and a rational management of the high-risk newborn children who present neurodevelopmental abnormalities during their first year of life. PMID- 6543856 TI - Renal tubular insufficiency, cholestatic jaundice, and multiple congenital anomalies--a new multisystem syndrome. AB - We are describing two male siblings with proximal renal tubular insufficiency, cholestatic jaundice, predisposition to infection, and multiple congenital anomalies. These patients presented in the early neonatal period with micrognathia, low set ears, high arched palate, barrel shaped chest, bilateral simian creases, club feet, congenital hip dislocation, hypotonia, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, repeated infections, and severe failure to thrive. They died at the age of 2 and of 4 months despite medical therapy. Findings of renal tubular insufficiency included persistent renal tubular acidosis, glucosuria, phosphaturia, aminoaciduria, and mild proteinuria. Kidney biopsy, liver biopsy, and a comprehensive immunologic investigation were performed on the first sibling. Kidney histology was normal except for calcification of some distal tubules. Liver biopsy revealed paucity of bile ducts, bile stasis, and some inflammatory cell infiltration. Immunologic investigation suggested a defect in polymorphonuclear cell migration and intracellular killing. Review of the literature revealed remarkably similar findings in two previously reported male siblings. These four cases probably represent a previously unrecognized familial syndrome. The possible etiology and mode of inheritance of this syndrome are discussed, and the association of hepatic and renal tubular dysfunction is reviewed. PMID- 6543857 TI - Primary empty sella syndrome with panhypopituitarism in a child. AB - A 10-year-old boy presented with marked growth retardation. He was found to have an empty sella demonstrated by CT and Metrizamide cisternography. Endocrinological investigation confirmed the diagnosis of panhypopituitarism. This is the first case reported in a twin and the fifth pediatric case with marked endocrine dysfunction reported in the literature. PMID- 6543858 TI - Myocarditis and acute infantile hemiparesis. Case report. AB - A 13-month-old infant developed acute hemiparesis in the course of myocarditis. Cranial CT suggested occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery, and it is believed that an embolus arising from a mural thrombus is the most likely cause of the cerebral vascular accident. Anticoagulant therapy should be considered in myocarditis when myocardial ischemic damage or an intracavitary thrombus are suspected. PMID- 6543859 TI - Acquired arteriovenous fistula in a child with hemophilia. AB - A case of a 2 9/12-year-old hemophiliac boy who acquired an arteriovenous fistula in the right cubital fossa is described. This case shows the possibility that such fistulas can be iatrogenically induced in hemophiliac children subjected to repeated venipunctures. PMID- 6543860 TI - Delineation of a characteristic phenotype in distal trisomy 2q. AB - A recombinant chromosome change with dup(2)(q34----qter) secondary to a paternal inv(2) (pter----q34) was found in a 19-year-old boy and his 12-year-old sister. Both were born at term with normal birth weight and head circumference. Hypertelorism, irregular nystagmus, broad flat nasal bridge, and short beaked nose with anteverted nostrils were noted neonatally. Both developed microcephaly and brachycephaly. Cardiac, urogenital, retinal, and optic disc anomalies and onset of progressive kyphosis in adolescence were detected. Their facial appearance, with birdlike "Muppet Gonzo" features, was increasingly accentuated with age. Both had mild mental retardation with IQ's around 70. The clinical findings in these siblings were compared with those described in 23 cases with various 2q partial trisomies. The results of the present study and previous studies indicate a characteristic clinical presentation in children and adults. The reluctance to define the specific phenotype for distal 2q trisomy might be due to the fact that the clinical features tend to be considerably more pronounced towards adolescence than neonatally. PMID- 6543861 TI - Idiopathic osteoporosis in a three-year-old girl. Follow-up over a period of 6 years by computed tomography bone densitometry (CT). AB - In a girl suffering from idiopathic transient osteoporosis the development of vertebral deformation and recovery could be followed from the age of 3.4 to 9.3 years. Computed bone densitometry (CT) revealed values below normal for trabecular bone density (-2.6 SD at 4.3 years and -2.8 SD at 5.3 years) during the clinically symptomatic phase of the disease and normalization after the age of 6 years (-0.2 SD at 6.7 and 9.3 years). Cortical bone mineral parameters measured by CT and metacarpal bone measurements from conventional X-rays showed values at the lower range of normal and only a weak correlation with clinical symptoms, vertebral deformation and recovery, respectively. CT may probably allow to diagnose osteoporosis before the appearance of deformities or fractures; in milder forms of osteoporosis the diagnosis may be possible by CT only. PMID- 6543862 TI - The effects of age and sex on phonemic processing time during a picture recognition task. AB - Both simple motor and choice reaction times of 5 groups of normal children and adults (6 F and 6 M in each group, mn ages of groups: 4.2, 7.4, 10.3, 13.2 and 18.5 yrs) were measured to 12 pairs of pictured, taped verbal monosyllables presented binaurally. Ss were required to move the R hand from a rest to touch a picture either left or right depending upon which of a pair of words was presented aurally. Words differed only in the initial consonant. S was either given knowledge of which word would be presented (simple motor reaction time) or not (choice reaction time). The second value minus the first was taken as phonemic processing skills improved for picture recognition, both in speed and accuracy, with development generally complete by Age 13 for speed, but with significant increases in accuracy continuing into adulthood. PMID- 6543863 TI - Interlist equivalencies for a numeral and a vowel/consonant multiple-choice monosyllabic test for severely/profoundly deaf young adults. AB - Conventional multiple-choice speech tests measuring discrimination of initial/final consonants, and the CID "Everyday" Sentences test are too difficult for many young adults whose hearing is severely/profoundly limited. Using the 6 choice closed-set paradigm, a new 12-item Numerals test was developed as well as a modification of the Pickett et al (Gallaudet) modified rhyme test of vowel and consonantal discrimination. This test, here called the Webster-Pickett (W/P) test, essentially expands the original 2 alternative lists to 6, with some further minor changes. Both these tests were administered to 35 students at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID). In combination, the new tests provided usable scores for the NTID population. Most of those who yielded scores of zero on the W-22, on the CID sentences tests and on the W/P test nevertheless scored above zero on Numerals, while those who scored 100% on Numerals scored between 0 and 100% on the W/P test. All 6 recorded lists of the Numerals test were equivalent. Slight corrections to those raw scores between 10 and 90% on the 6 lists of the W/P were proposed to yield interlist equivalence. PMID- 6543865 TI - Speech intelligibility of deaf speakers and distinctive feature usage. AB - Speech samples (41 CNC monosyllables) of 22 deaf children were analyzed using two distinctive-feature systems, one acoustic and one physiologic. Moderate to high correlations between intelligibility scores by listener judges vs correct feature usage were obtained for positive as well as negative features of both systems. Further, higher correlations between percent-correct feature usage scores vs listener intelligibility scores were observed for phonemes in the initial vs final position-in-work regardless of listener-judge experience, feature system, or presentation mode. These findings suggest that either acoustic or physiologic feature analysis can be employed in describing the articulation of deaf talkers. In general, either of these feature systems also predicts with fair to good accuracy the intelligibility of deaf speakers as judged by either experienced or inexperienced listeners. In view of the appreciably higher correlations obtained between feature use and intelligibility scores in initial compared to final position-in-word, however, caution should be exercised with either of the feature systems studied in predicting the intelligibility of a deaf speaker's final phoneme. PMID- 6543864 TI - Some cardiovascular effects of noise. AB - We recently reported that exposure to moderately high noise levels for 9 months produced sustained blood pressure elevations in rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) without impairing their auditory sensitivity (Peterson et al, Science, 1981, 211, 143Off). In the present study, a continuation and elaboration of the earlier work, 4 chair-restrained monkeys (M. fascicularis) were studied concurrently. After 3 mo of low-noise conditions, 2 experimental Ss were exposed to a realistic noise sequence [Leq24: 85 db(A)], 24 hrs per day for about 6 mo. Compared to control animals who remained under low-noise conditions throughout the experiment, the noise-exposed Ss again exhibited a substantial increase in blood pressure, and also manifested orderly changes in the diurnal rhythm of heart rate, blood pressure, and "pauses" in cardiac rhythm. Our results conflict in detail with certain findings from earlier epidemiological studies, possibly because of differences in the species used, experimental design, or sampling strategies. The desirability of undertaking long-term prospective studies in this area is discussed. PMID- 6543866 TI - A comparative study of children's performance on the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities and the Token Test. AB - The Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) and the Token Test (TT) were administered to 24 5- and 6-yr-olds. There was a significant positive correlation between performance on the TT and only 2 of the 12 subtests of the ITPA: Grammatic Closure (p less than .05) and Sound Blending (p less than .05). TT scores did not correlate significantly with any of the ITPA subtests at the representational level of language. These findings support the conclusion of Williams and Marks (J. Speech Hear. Res., 1972, 15, 323ff) on the lack of validity of tests of receptive auditory comprehension which employ simultaneous presentation of stimuli through visual and auditory modalities and the arbitrary selection of one of the channels (auditory) as the primary process being measured. Implications for clinical use of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test and the TT were discussed and suggestions made for future research. PMID- 6543867 TI - [Right ventricular free wall imaging using thallium-201 exercise myocardial scintigraphy with special reference to coronary angiography]. AB - Right ventricular wall images of ischemic heart disease were evaluated during exercise myocardial scintigraphy using thallium-201. Among 33 subjects, ten were normal controls, 11 had left coronary artery disease (LAD group), 12 had right coronary artery disease (RCA group), all of whom received exercise myocardial scintigraphy. The submaximal or symptom-related ergometer exercise test was performed by the protocol being with 25 watt (W) loading, and then increased by 25 W every 3 min, while 3 mCi thallium-201 were injected intravenously at the maximal exercise point. Early imaging was obtained 5 min after exercise; delayed imagings, 1 and 4 hours after exercise. Early imaging and delayed imaging at 4 hours after exercise were obtained in the AP, lateral, LAO 30 degrees, LAO 45 degrees, and LAO 60 degrees projections. Only the LAO 45 degrees was obtained for delayed imaging 1 hour after exercise. To assess the radioactivity in the right ventricular wall, with regions of interest (ROI) in the upper part of the right ventricle [RV (U)] lower part of the right ventricle [RV (L)] and the most radioactive region in the left ventricle [LV (P)], we calculated the count ratio of the RV(U) or RV(L) to the LV(P) and defined it as the RV uptake ratio [RV(U)/LV(P)] or [RV(L)/LV(P)]. The results obtained were as follows: There were no significant changes in the RV uptake ratio between the early and delayed images both in the control and LAD groups, but the RV uptake ratio decreased significantly in the delayed images compared with an early image in the RCA group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543868 TI - [Analysis of left ventricular blood flow in cases of myocardial infarction: a preliminary report]. AB - Analysis of left ventricular blood flow in cases of myocardial infarction was attempted by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography. Subjects consisted of 25 cases of myocardial infarction with and without ventricular aneurysm, and 15 healthy persons as controls. The Doppler recordings were made in nine areas within the left ventricular cavity from the apical approach. For healthy subjects, ejection flows were recorded in the main cavity and directed towards the aortic orifice in systole, and diastolic flows in the left ventricular inflow were recorded from the mitral orifice to the apex. However, diastolic flows toward the aortic orifice were also recorded along the interventricular septum, and interpreted as eddy currents from the apical cavity. There were no high velocity flows in the phases of isometric contraction and relaxation. In seven of 25 cases of myocardial infarction, abnormally high velocity flows of more than 30 cm/sec were recorded in the isometric relaxation phase, which were directed away from the asynergic part. In eight of the 25 patients examined, high velocity flows toward the cardiac apex were recorded at the posteroapical area in systole. Such flows have never been observed in healthy subjects. Inertia of the diastolic mitral inflow is considered to continue during systole due to impairment of contractions of the apicoinferior wall. PMID- 6543869 TI - [Myocardial contrast echocardiography using artificial blood (Fluosol-DA): a comparison with left ventricular wall motion in the experimental ischemic heart]. AB - In the present study, myocardial contrast echocardiographic enhancement was compared with left ventricular wall motion in an experimental ischemic heart according to the degree of narrowing of the coronary artery. Artificial blood (Fluosol-DA) was used as a contrast agent. In eight adult mongrel dogs, ischemic hearts with 0, 50, 70 to 90 and 100% narrowing of the coronary artery were produced by controlling a balloon catheter in a closed-chest system. Fluosol-DA was injected into the left main coronary artery and myocardial contrast echocardiograms were recorded. The short-axis images of the left ventricle were subdivided into octants using a "floating" reference system to analyze wall motion by an image analyzer (Cardias GP2000), and to evaluate density values in the echocardiogram by densitometry (MSR Vx-50). With 0 and 50% narrowing of the coronary artery, the entire circumferential myocardium was filled with marked contrast echoes, and no change was observed in left ventricular wall motion. In 70 to 90% narrowing, the perfusion area of the narrowed coronary artery was filled with mild contrast echoes compared to the other areas showing marked contrast echoes. But no change was observed in left ventricular wall motion. During total occlusion, the perfusion area of the occluded coronary artery was not filled with contrast echoes and a distinct difference was observed between this and the other areas. Marked abnormality of wall motion was also observed. The area with abnormal wall motion tended to be wider than the area of contrast enhancement defect. The ischemic area can therefore be more accurately confirmed by simultaneously observing the changes in contrast echocardiographic enhancement and in wall motion abnormalities. PMID- 6543870 TI - Regional right ventricular wall motion in patients with obstruction of the right coronary artery due to the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. AB - The present study quantitatively analyzed the shortening fraction of regional wall motion (RWM) of the right ventricle (RV) in 18 patients with obstruction of the right coronary artery due to the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS). None of the patients had any apparent lesion of the left coronary artery by selective coronary angiography. The radial approach was used except for the right ventricular outflow tract in the lateral view, using the Siemens AVD system. There was no correlation between the occlusion and segmental stenosis, nor was there any correlation between dysfunction of the RWM of the RV and the posterior wall of the left ventricle (LVPW). The second cineangiography one year later showed that shortening of three segments (II, III, and VIII) of the RV was significantly reduced, as compared with that during the first study. We believe that dysfunction of the LVPW may not be contributory in diagnosing RV infarction. Not only LV-graphy, but RV-graphy as well, are recommended for patients with RV dysfunction due to obstruction of the right coronary artery in the MCLS. PMID- 6543871 TI - [Three-dimensional evaluation of mitral regurgitation by pulsed Doppler echocardiography: analysis of the amount and direction of regurgitant flow]. AB - Pulsed doppler echocardiography (PDE) was used to evaluate mitral regurgitation (MR) non-invasively and quantitatively in 156 patients including 51 of rheumatic valvular disease, 57 of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) or chordal rupture of the mitral valve (RCT), and 48 of ischemic heart disease (IHD) or dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The severity of MR was estimated three-dimensionally by a MR scoring system as follows: As an index of direction and extent of regurgitation, nine sampling sites were selected in the left atrium at the level of the mitral annulus. These include the anterior, mid, and posterior parts of each portion of the postero-medial, middle, and antero-lateral sides. The depth of regurgitation was graded by three degrees in the long-axis projection of the left ventricle; grade 1; MR signals localized within the level of the mitral annulus, grade 2; MR detected beyond the mitral annulus but not reaching the aortic valve level; and grade 3; MR detected beyond the aortic valve level in the left atrium. The MR score was comprised of the products of numbers of points at which MR signals were detected and the grades of the maximum depth. The MR scores correlated well with the severity of MR as determined by the left ventriculogram (LVG); the MR score was 4.0 +/- 1.6 (mean +/- S.D.) points in grade 1; 9.6 +/- 2.6 points in grade 2; 18.0 +/- 3.2 points in grade 3; and 23.0 +/- 1.7 points in grade 4 by LVG. Doppler mapping of the left atrium at the level of the mitral annulus suggested that the directions of MR varied with each disease and valvular lesion. Thus, these observations were helpful in the investigation of MR by PDE. We concluded that the above-mentioned MR scoring system proves a very useful method for quantitatively evaluating MR non-invasively. PMID- 6543872 TI - [Phono- and echocardiographic studies of the genesis of mitral valve prolapse in patients with funnel chest]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiograms (2-DE) and phonocardiograms (PCG) were used to clarify the genesis of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and mitral regurgitation (MR) in 44 patients with funnel chest. These patients were categorized in three groups on the basis of the fronto-sagittal index (FSI) as determined from chest radiographs; 17 as mild, 15 as moderate and 12 as severe funnel chest. Their ages ranged from 5 to 65 years and averaged 24 years. MVP was diagnosed using the long axis view of the 2-DE, and MR was diagnosed phonocardiographically including provocative test using angiotensin II. The results were as follows: In 44 patients with funnel chest, 20 (45%) had MVP and 15 (34%) had MR, respectively. The incidence of MVP increased directly in proportion to the severity of index, but the incidence of MR did not. In the short-axis view of the left ventricle at the level of the papillary muscles, there was more marked flattening of the interventricular septum than of the left ventricular posterior wall, resulting in deformity of the left ventricular geometry. A distortion index (DI) was used to quantify the degree of distortion of left ventricular shape, calculated as follows: DI = (R-r)/r, where R and r were radii of the curvatures of the interventricular septum and the left ventricular posterior wall, respectively. The DI in end-diastole (DId) and end-systole (DIs) increased in proportion to the severity of funnel chest. Patients were subdivided into four groups on the basis of DId. Incidence of MVP increased in proportion to the degree of distortion of the left ventricular shape. There was, however, no significant difference in the incidence of MR among the four groups. Patients were subdivided; one group of 13 under 14 years of age; another, 31 over 15 years old. The incidence was much higher in the latter than the former, but the incidence of MVP increased in proportion to the severity of funnel chest in both groups. MR was complicated by MR in nearly all cases in the latter group, but none had MR in the former. The DI of patients, whose FSI improved with surgery, apparently improved in addition to the disappearance and/or improvement of their MVP and MR. However, patients whose FSI did not improve with surgery showed little change in DI and persistence of MVP and/or MR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6543873 TI - [Inferior vena caval angiography: a new angiographic method for evaluating tricuspid regurgitation]. AB - It is well known that right ventriculography has unavoidable disadvantages as a method for diagnosing tricuspid regurgitation. In this study, inferior vena caval angiography (IVC angiography) was tested as a new method for quantitatively diagnosing tricuspid regurgitation. With this method, no catheter passes through the tricuspid valve, and only a small amount (10 ml) of contrast material injected into the upper portion of the inferior vena cava visualizes the entire right atrium, and tricuspid regurgitation is manifested by turbulence or a negative jet in the right atrium. With respect to the degree, tricuspid regurgitation was graded as absent (0), mild (1+), moderate (2+) and severe (3+) using the criteria shown in Fig. 1. Mild tricuspid regurgitation was diagnosed when systolic turbulence was observed in the right atrium and did not reach the right atrial wall. Moderate tricuspid regurgitation was diagnosed when systolic turbulence reached the right atrial wall. Severe tricuspid regurgitation was diagnosed when systolic turbulence entered the inferior vena cava. Sixty-four patients with valvular heart disease and four having coronary heart disease were studied using IVC angiography and pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Using Doppler, the severity of tricuspid regurgitation was determined according to the distribution of the regurgitant signal in the right atrium. The degree of tricuspid regurgitation by IVC angiography correlated well with that by Doppler. All patients with severe (3+) regurgitation and 15 of 22 patients with moderate (2+) regurgitation required surgery, but all with no (0) regurgitation and 12 of 14 with only mild (1+) regurgitation required no surgical correction of the tricuspid valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543874 TI - [The use of echocardiography in predicting clinical courses of mitral regurgitation]. AB - We analyzed the relation of left ventricular size and performance to clinical courses and surgical outcomes using echocardiography. Group A consisted of 19 patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) who presented congestive heart failure of grade III or IV, and group B consisted of 58 patients with MR whose cardiac function was grade I or II. Clinical follow-up spanned one to nine years, with an average of 4.5 years. At the initial examination, the average end-diastolic LV dimension (LVDd) and its index (LVDdI), left atrial dimension (LAD) and its index (LADI) and cardiothoracic ratios (CTR) were significantly greater in group A (LVDd 61.2 +/- 7.1 mm, LVDdI 41.5 +/- 6.9 mm/m2, LAD 51.4 +/- 8.4 mm, LADI 35.4 +/- 11.1 mm/m2, CTR 63.4 +/- 8.6%) than in group B (LVDd 52.0 +/- 7.9 mm, LVDdI 35.0 +/- 6.4 mm/m2, LAD 37.2 +/- 9.6 mm, LADI 25.4 +/- 6.5 mm/m2, CTR 48.9 +/- 4.4) (p less than 0.001). The LVDd and LAD were less in mitral valve prolapse than in rheumatic MR or MR due to flail mitral valves. In rheumatic MR, congestive heart failure did not become prominent until the left ventricle and atrium were markedly enlarged. In group A, patients whose LVSVI were over 40 ml/m2 and LAD were over 50 mm took clinical downhill courses under medical treatment and were referred for surgery. The risk of death (medically or surgically) was higher in patients whose LAD, LVSVI or CTR was markedly increased (LAD greater than 70 mm, LVSVI greater than 60 ml/m2 or CTR greater than 70%). The rates of change in LAD and LVDd were 1.6 and 0.9 mm/year in group B, but they became accelerated after the onset of congestive heart failure, and were 2.6 and 6.4 mm/year in group A. In surgical cases, the LVDd returned to the normal range postoperatively, but their LAD remained in the abnormal range in all but one case. We concluded that echocardiography is an indispensable method for a follow up study of MR and that it may be helpful in predicting individual clinical courses and surgical effects. PMID- 6543875 TI - [Quantitation of left-sided valvular regurgitation by gated cardiac blood pool scan: evaluation of a new approach using the Fourier amplitude ratio]. AB - Utilizing the Fourier amplitude ratio (FA ratio), we evaluated a new approach for quantitating valvular regurgitation by the gated cardiac blood pool scan. The subjects consisted of 36 patients with documented left ventricular regurgitation of grade I-IV (group 1), 24 patients with myocardial infarction including severe cardiac dysfunction (group 2), and 15 normal persons (group 3). From each pixel of the gated cardiac blood pool scan, a time-activity curve was obtained and the first-harmonic Fourier analysis was performed. Two functional images; namely, the phase and amplitude images, were generated. To generate the FA ratio, the region of interest was drawn around each ventricle in the amplitude image. The FA ratio was calculated using the following formula; FA ratio = left ventricular amplitude value/right ventricular amplitude value. The FA ratio was 2.66 +/- 1.75 (mean +/- S.D.) in group 1; 1.29 +/- 0.27 in group 2; and 1.11 +/- 0.19 in group 3. The FA ratio for group 1 was significantly higher than those of groups 2 and 3 (p less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between the FA ratios of groups 2 and 3. In patients with regurgitation, the FA ratio was 1.50 +/- 0.37 in patients with grade I, 1.97 +/- 0.34 in grade II, 2.73 +/- 0.95 in grade III; and 6.65 +/- 2.14 in grade IV. There was a good agreement between the FA ratios and quantitative angiographic estimates of regurgitation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6543876 TI - [Non-invasive estimates of hemodynamics in normal pregnancy]. AB - Pregnancy provides excellent opportunities for observing the hemodynamic alterations in cardiac function occurring during the physiologic stress imposed on the normal myocardium. Hemodynamically, the most important change in the maternal circulation during pregnancy is an increase in the circulating blood volume and cardiac output. In the average woman, the cardiac output at rest rises 30-50% above the normal non-gestational resting value. Echocardiography was performed for 25 normal pregnant women, ranging in age from 21 to 36 years (mean age of 28.7 years). Echocardiography was performed periodically through out pregnancy, at the gestational ages of the 10th, 24th, 32nd, 36th, and the 3rd postpartal weeks. Tracings were obtained in the left lateral and supine positions. All pregnancies were uncomplicated, and there was no twin pregnancy. The heart rate increased throughout gestation. However, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures did not change significantly throughout pregnancy. End diastolic left ventricular dimension (LVDd) increased throughout gestation, with the peak at the 36th week of gestation. Left atrial dimension (LAD) and mVCF increased at the 36th week of gestation. Throughout gestation, the ejection fraction (EF) showed no significant change. There were no measurable differences in the cardiac size and function in the left lateral and supine positions. Increased LVDd and LAD throughout gestation were thought the reflexion of the increased blood volume and venous return which had its peak in the 36th week of gestation. The slightly larger cardiac size and end-diastolic volume seemed to induce the increased myocardial fiber stretch and, in turn, the increased mVCF. Our results indicated that chronic volume overload with increased circulating blood volume occurs in normal pregnancy, resulting in the large cardiac size and increased contractility of myocardial fiber. PMID- 6543877 TI - [Real-time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography in congenital heart disease: its clinical significance]. AB - This study demonstrated the diagnostic usefulness of the newly-developed real time two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (2-D Doppler) in congenital heart disease. Among fifty-four patients with congenital heart disease, 18 had ASD; 16, VSD; 6, T/F; 3, PDA; 3, d-TGA; 3, ECD; and 1 each, DORV, PA, PS, Ebstein's anomaly, and ruptured aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva. Each diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and/or surgery. Forty normal cases were subjected as the control. The study cases included 26 adults and 28 children under 15 years old, 13 infants and seven newborns. In 52 cases (96.3%) 2-D Doppler provided diagnostic abnormal intracardiac blood flow images which were compatible with the data of cardiac catheterization and cardiac angiography and/or patients' cardiac anatomy observed during surgery. The blood flow data obtained by 2-D Doppler facilitated determining the appropriate timing of palliative surgery such as the Blalock-Taussig shunt procedure. 2-D Doppler was effective in evaluating medical (pharmaco-echocardiography) and surgical therapy including radical and palliative procedures for congenital heart disease. Thus, 2 D Doppler proved a non-invasive and useful diagnostic method for congenital heart heart disease. Our data suggest that with this technique cardiac surgery can be performed without cardiac catheterization or cardiac angiography in some cases of congenital heart disease. PMID- 6543878 TI - [Noninvasive and quantitative evaluations of the severity of isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis using two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - The severity of isolated pulmonary valvular stenosis (PS) was evaluated noninvasively and quantitatively using two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiography (2D-PDE). The subjects consisted of 17 patients with PS diagnosed by cardiac catheterization (3 to 15-year-old with a mean age of 7.9 years) and 28 healthy children (3 to 12-year-old with a mean age of 7.2 years). Flow signals by 2D-PDE were recorded in the right ventricular outflow tract just below the pulmonary valve and in the main pulmonary artery. The following three parameters were measured from the flow signals in the right ventricular outflow tract: the right ventricular pre-ejection period (RPEP) from the onset of the QRS in the electrocardiogram to the beginning of RV ejection in 2D-PDE, the acceleration time from the onset of RV ejection to peak velocity (AcT), and the right ventricular ejection time (RET) from the onset to the end of right ventricular (RV) ejection. Acceleration time index (AcT/RET), and systolic time intervals including RPEP/RET, RPEP/square root RR and RET/square root RR in PS were compared with those of the controls. The correlations between the above mentioned parameters and pressure gradients and RV systolic pressures in PS were examined. Data were expressed as mean value +/- SD. AcT/RET ranged from 0.37 to 0.53 (0.45 +/- 0.04) in the controls and from 0.54 to 0.76 (0.62 +/- 0.07) in PS. The mean AcT/RET was significantly greater in PS than in the controls (p less than 0.001). There was a highly positive correlation of AcT/RET with pressure gradients (r = 0.94) and RV systolic pressures (r = 0.93). RPEP/RET ranged from 0.32 to 0.47 (0.37 +/- 0.04) in the controls and from 0.24 to 0.35 (0.29 +/- 0.03) in PS, and the mean was significantly lower in PS than in the controls (p less than 0.001), and this was caused by the short RPEP and prolonged RET. RPEP/square root RR ranged from 102 to 160 msec (122 +/- 16 msec) in the controls and from 86 to 136 msec (107 +/- 16 msec) in PS, and the mean was significantly shorter in PS (p less than 0.05). RET/square root RR ranged from 300 to 345 msec (323 +/- 13 msec) in the controls and from 308 to 417 msec (363 +/- 27 msec) in PS, and the mean was significantly longer in PS (p less than 0.001). The pressure gradient and RV systolic pressure in PS did not correlate with RPEP/RET, RPEP/square root RR and RET/ square root RR.4+ 102 to 160 msec (122 +/- 16 msec) in the controls and from 86 to 136 msec (107 +/- 16 msec) in PS, and the mean was significantly shorter in PS (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6543879 TI - Effect of atrial pacing on phase analysis in patients with the Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome. AB - Phase analysis of ECG-gated radionuclide ventriculography was performed during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing for 11 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. During sinus rhythm, phase analysis demonstrated abnormal early emptying segments reflecting preexcitation in six of the 11 patients. In the remaining five patients, the precise site of abnormal early-emptying could not be detected. Atrial pacing increased the degree of pre-excitation, and abnormal early-emptying segments became clear in all patients. Our study demonstrated the utility of atrial pacing in performing phase analysis for patients with the WPW syndrome. Seven patients had abnormal early-emptying segments; four of them with ECG type A, in the left ventricle, and three of them with ECG type B, in the right ventricle. These results were consistent with results of the body surface and electrophysiologic mapping. In patients with posterior septal accessory pathways, phase analysis suggested probable laterality of the accessory pathway. PMID- 6543880 TI - [Aortic flow patterns in heart diseases with left-to-right shunts from the aorta, and their clinical significance: a Doppler echocardiographic study]. AB - Aortic flow patterns were analyzed using two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography for 15 patients with patent ductus arteriosus, seven with ruptured aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva, two with coronary artery fistulae and for 22 healthy persons, with special reference to diastolic flow patterns. The conclusions were as follows: In healthy subjects, there was a tiny and transient reversed flow signal in early diastole followed by a slow and sustained diastolic forward flow signal. The velocity of the diastolic forward flow was slower and the duration was shorter in the lower abdominal aorta than in the upper portion. In patients with shunts from the aorta to the right-sided chambers, the early diastolic reverse flow was enhanced, and another reversed flow developed in mid- and late diastole, which was the most evident in the lower portion of the abdominal aorta. The extent of the reversed flow correlated significantly with Qp/Qs by catheterization (r = 0.73). Thus, the abdominal flow patterns in cases with left to right shunts from the aorta to the right-sided chambers of the heart provided information for estimating the size of the shunt volume. In patients with bi directional shunts, the dominant direction of the shunt during diastole can apparently be determined by analyzing the aortic flow patterns. PMID- 6543881 TI - [Two-dimensional pulsed Doppler echocardiographic estimates of cardiac output in man: sampling at the entrance to the main pulmonary artery]. AB - To assess the feasibility and accuracy of measuring cardiac outputs (CO) by two dimensional (2-D) pulsed Doppler echocardiography, taking samples at the main pulmonary artery just beyond the pulmonary valve, 62 cardiac patients were studied. The results obtained were compared with CO values determined by the thermodilution technique. 2-D Doppler echocardiograms suitable for computing CO were recorded in 37 (60%) of 62 patients. A significant correlation (r = 0.64) was observed between 2-D echocardiographic and angiographic pulmonary ring diameters (PRD), but the echocardiographic PRD was smaller than that of angiography by 0.4 +/- 0.2 cm. Thus, to compute the Doppler CO, the echocardiographic PRD had to be corrected by the difference between the angiographic and echocardiographic PRD. The angle between the ultrasound beam and the pulmonary blood flow was 7.8 +/- 6.1 degrees (0 approximately 18 degrees), and this was negligible for computing the Doppler CO. Even in cases with atrial fibrillation, the Doppler CO could be computed as is done in sinus rhythm. The correlation between the thermodilution and Doppler CO was highly significant (r = 0.92), and the regression equation was as follows: Thermodilution CO = 1.09 X (Doppler CO)-0.19 The difference between thermodilution and Doppler CO was 3.4 +/ 10.0% (-21 approximately +21%). Comparing the differences in CO between the thermodilution and dye-dilution techniques, those between thermodilution and the Fick methods, and those among thermodilution methods reported in the literatures, the difference in this study was not large and was acceptable. Thus, measurement of CO by pulsed Doppler echocardiography, with sampling entrance to the main pulmonary artery, can be used clinically. PMID- 6543882 TI - [Echocardiographic manifestations of postinfarction perforation with extensive dissection of the interventricular septum: report of an autopsied case]. AB - This is a report of the echocardiographic features of postinfarction perforation associated with dissection of the interventricular septum (IVS) in a 61-year-old woman. She had acute myocardial infarction and was admitted to a nearby hospital, and later admitted to our CCU because hemodynamic deterioration. On admission, she was somnolent and hypotensive (90/64 mmHg), with sinus tachycardia, marked cyanosis, and peripheral edema. On auscultation there were a harsh holosystolic murmur over the LLSB and moist rales in both lung fields. An ECG revealed extensive anterior and inferior infarctions. Catheterization data confirmed O2 step-up in the right ventricle. Two-dimensional echocardiograms demonstrated extensive dissection of the IVS characterized by an echo-free lumen extending from the apex to the cardiac base in the long-axis and partly reaching the left ventricular free wall in the short-axis with the concomitant paradoxical movement of the IVS. Autopsy disclosed marked hemorrhagic infarction and extensive dissection of the IVS forming a lumen (5 X 5.5 X 2 cm3) corresponding exactly to the echocardiographic free space. In addition, a shunt between the right and left ventricles was confirmed by the presence of two perforations near the apex on the right and left sides of the IVS, whose diameters were 6 and 10 mm, respectively. PMID- 6543883 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): overview. PMID- 6543884 TI - Toxic methemoglobinemia--an unpredictable intraoperative emergency. PMID- 6543885 TI - Early diagnosis of partially treated postsplenectomy pneumococcal sepsis. PMID- 6543887 TI - Recurrent parathyroid carcinoma: value of aggressive surgical approach. PMID- 6543886 TI - Use of the Swan-Ganz catheter. PMID- 6543888 TI - Continuing medical education: a national and state overview. PMID- 6543889 TI - One hundred tenth annual meeting Florida Medical Association, Inc. Lake Buena Vista, May 2-6, 1984. PMID- 6543890 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in Iran. PMID- 6543891 TI - A survey of plasmids in Clostridium difficile strains. PMID- 6543893 TI - Possible risk factors and signs of mental retardation (MR)--comparative study of mentally retarded and normal children. PMID- 6543894 TI - Dynamic changes of fenestrations in choriocapillaries. PMID- 6543892 TI - Stellate ganglion block for the relief of tinnitus in vibration disease. PMID- 6543896 TI - A huge teratoma in the posterior fossa in a neonate. PMID- 6543895 TI - Computer videodensitometry of digital subtraction angiography for measurement of the cardiac volume. PMID- 6543897 TI - Unclassified familial myopathy resembling Steinert disease, without myotonia. AB - A familial myopathy with predominantly proximal muscle atrophy is described. Although several clinical features such as sternomastoid and brachioradialis muscle involvement suggested Steinert disease, myotonia was not demonstrated by clinical examination or EMG. Histological data were consistent with myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 6543898 TI - 31P-NMR studies of normal and dystrophic chicken muscle. AB - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) analysis was performed on normal (line 412) and dystrophic (line 413) superficial pectoralis muscles excised from chickens between 15 and 116 days after hatching. An apparent alteration in dystrophic muscle energy metabolism was abolished by pretreatment with curare and was attributed to muscle hyperexcitability. Time-dependent 31P NMR studies demonstrated no apparent difference in the overall tissue adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of dystrophic as compared to normal muscle. After 55 days of age, a resonance signal attributed to serine ethanolamine phosphodiester (SEPDE) was observed only in dystrophic muscle. Adding the paramagnetic cation Mn2+ to the buffer surrounding the muscle resulted in an approximate 80% decrement in the dystrophic SEPDE signal without apparent alteration of the other phosphatic signals in either the normal or dystrophic muscle. This would argue against any generalized membrane defect in dystrophic chicken muscle and suggest that SEPDE is in a compartment accessible to Mn2+. PMID- 6543899 TI - Contractile and fatigue properties of thyrotoxic rat skeletal muscle. AB - The effects of thyrotoxicosis on the contractile properties and development of muscle fatigue in the slow soleus (SOL) and fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were examined in rats given 3 mg of L-thyroxine and 1 mg of L triiodothyronine per kilogram of diet for 6 weeks. The hormone treatment produced significant decreases in the contraction time, one-half relaxation time, and twitch tension in the SOL, while the peak rate of tension development (+ dP/dt) and decline (- dP/dt) in this muscle were elevated. Additionally, the force frequency curve was shifted to the right and, thus, resembled the curve of a normal fast-twitch muscle. In contrast, the contractile properties of the fast EDL were relatively unaltered by the hormone administration. Thyrotoxicosis also changed the SOL response to contractile activity as twitch tension, + dP/dt, and dP/dt remained high, and a faster decline in muscle glycogen and an increase in lactate occurred compared to control muscles. These results clearly demonstrate a preferential effect of thyroid hormone on slow compared to fast skeletal muscle. PMID- 6543900 TI - Distal muscular dystrophy with autosomal recessive inheritance. AB - Two sisters presented with distal weakness and their muscle biopsy was dystrophic. This distal muscular dystrophy has an autosomal recessive inheritance and its features are somewhat different from the more common autosomal dominant distal muscular dystrophy and include: a) onset in early adult life; b) involvement of distal leg muscles and especially peroneal muscles; c) marked early elevation of serum creatine kinase (CK); d) brief duration, small amplitude motor units and fibrillation on electromyography; and e) histologic features of a dystrophic myopathy. PMID- 6543901 TI - The effect of stretch removal on muscle weight and proteolytic enzyme activity in normal and dystrophic chicken muscles. AB - Hypertrophy was induced in the patagialis (PAT) muscle of 6-week-old normal and dystrophic chicks by passive stretch for 1 week. Stretch was then removed and muscle weights and activities of the proteolytic enzymes cathepsin C, cathepsin D, and leucine aminopeptidase (LAPase) were measured after 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. In both genotypes, weights of stretch-released muscles dropped progressively for 7 days relative to control muscles, after which they were not significantly different. At the time of stretch release, proteolytic enzyme activities were approximately twice as high in stretched normal muscles as in normal control muscles. In dystrophic chicks there was no difference in activities between stretched and control muscles. However, the activities of the enzymes in dystrophic muscles were already about 4 times higher than in normal control muscles. After stretch release, the enzyme activities in normal muscle progressively fell for 10 days, after which they were not different from normal control muscles. In dystrophic muscles the enzyme activities remained elevated and were not different from dystrophic control muscle activities at any time. We conclude that degradative enzyme activities in normal muscle closely parallel changes in muscle weight, whereas in dystrophic muscle proteolytic enzymes remain elevated and constant whether the muscle is gaining or losing weight. PMID- 6543902 TI - Gastroparesis in neonatal myotonic dystrophy. AB - Myotonic dystrophy in the neonate is commonly accompanied by facial diplegia, generalized muscular hypotonia, talipes equinovarus, and muscular respiratory failure. The gastrointestinal manifestations of this disease include poor sucking, choking, regurgitation, aspiration, and swallowing difficulties. Gastroparesis can be a major contributor to the feeding difficulties experienced by these infants. We report on an infant with congenital myotonic dystrophy in whom a severe gastric motility problem was alleviated by metoclopramide therapy. This smooth muscle manifestation may be an important and potentially remediable source of morbidity in these infants. PMID- 6543903 TI - Acetylcholine sensitivity in replicating satellite cells. AB - Mononucleate myogenic cells lying within skeletal muscle fiber endomysium, the so called satellite cells (SC), isolated from adult leg muscle of normal or dystrophic mice were studied by electrophysiological techniques. Normal SC responded to iontophoretic acetylcholine (ACh) by depolarization even during the replicative phase. Acetylcholine sensitivity increased after cell fusion. Replicating SC from dystrophic muscle did not exhibit any sensitivity to ACh, and neither did embryonic myoblasts. PMID- 6543905 TI - Importance of overwork weakness. PMID- 6543904 TI - Urinary 3-methylhistidine output in newborn human infants. PMID- 6543906 TI - Healing-over in skeletal muscles of the guinea pig following induced injury. AB - Electrical membrane properties of cremaster muscle fibers of the guinea pig were determined before and after sectioning, using the microelectrode method. After sectioning, the membrane was depolarized to a maximum level within 5 minutes and the original level was reverted to within 60 minutes. Following restoration of the membrane potential, the spatial distribution of electrotonic potential indicated an electrical sealing at the cut end, and an action potential could be evoked. Therefore, it would appear that the cremaster muscle possesses the healing-over phenomenon. This process was dependent on temperature and [Ca2+]o and was not affected by pretreatment of actinomycin D, a protein synthesis inhibitor. This healing-over process also occurs in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of the guinea pig but not in the diaphragm. These results indicate that some mammalian skeletal muscle fibers possess the healing-over phenomenon, as is observed in cardiac muscle fibers. PMID- 6543907 TI - Electrodiagnostic tests in the detection of malignant hyperthermia. AB - Malignant hyperthermia (MH) can be a catastrophic and sometimes fatal reaction in certain susceptible individuals who are exposed to skeletal muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine and/or certain inhalation anesthetics such as halothane. In an attempt to develop a safe, simple in vivo test to identify the at-risk patients, repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and electromyographic (EMG) studies were performed on 9 patients with MH, 15 patients suspected of having MH, and 9 control subjects. Serial recordings were made following injections of caffeine sodium benzoate, succinylcholine, and halothane at the test site. Measurements were done on the amplitude of the evoked compound motor action potentials (CMAP), on RNS, and on the number of negative peaks of motor unit potentials (MUP) on maximum EMG recruitment. The results showed the effects of the drugs on amplitudes of the CMAPs to be significant (P less than 0.001) in all three groups, but no significant differences were found among the groups (P = 0.93). The negative peaks of MUP on EMG recording showed a significant difference upon introducing succinylcholine (P less than 0.001), and significant interaction effects of the treatment by the patient group. Preliminary comparisons of in vivo tests with in vitro contracture tests in nine patients showed good correlation. PMID- 6543908 TI - Elevated ammonia release from dystrophic chicken muscle cell and fibroblast cultures. AB - The activity of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-aminohydrolase, the major NH3 producing enzyme in skeletal muscle, was approximately 35% lower in 7-day dystrophic muscle cell cultures than in normal muscle cell cultures. However, the release rate of NH3 from dystrophic muscle cells was 45% higher than that from normal muscle cells. The reasons for this apparent discrepancy are not clear. To determine indirectly if deamination of amino acids from protein degradation contributed to NH3 release, cells were incubated with 100 micrograms/ml of the protease inhibitor, leupeptin. Leupeptin reduced the rate of NH3 release by only 18.8% in normal muscle cells and 16% in dystrophic muscle cells. The release of NH3 was also higher from dystrophic chicken fibroblast cultures. PMID- 6543909 TI - An electron microscopical study of the T-system in biopsied muscles from Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy. AB - The behavior of the tubular system in muscles from six patients with Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD) was examined by electron microscopy using a lanthanum nitrate stain for a comparison with that in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In FCMD, many fibers showed morphological changes of the T system as follows: aggregated tubular components forming honeycomb-like structures, focal dilatation of T-tubules with tangle formation, and numerous longitudinally projecting tubules, which were quite similar to those found in cases with DMD. The fibers with abnormal T-systems occasionally showed ultrastructural characteristics of regenerating fibers, including excessive ribosome particles, immaturely organized myofibrils, and an increased number of internal nuclei and satellite cells. The present results suggested that there was no qualitative difference in the behavior of the T-system between FCMD and DMD, and the morphological changes of the T-system in dystrophic muscles were not primary lesions initiating myonecrosis but reflected the behavior of sarcotubular formation in the process of muscle regeneration. PMID- 6543910 TI - Sensory group Ia proximal conduction velocity. AB - The fastest median and ulnar velocities derived by recording motor and mixed nerve action potentials, F waves, H-reflexes, and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were compared. H-reflex recording was facilitated by employing selective group Ia excitation during voluntary muscular contraction. Mixed nerve, SEP, and H velocities, considered to predominantly reflect group Ia conduction, measured 63.2 +/- 3.2 m/sec, 63.4 +/- 4.5 m/sec, and 67.2 +/- 4.3 m/sec, respectively, between the wrist and elbow. Conventional motor conduction velocity was significantly slower (58.3 +/- 5.1 msec), but F velocity, which although nonuniform is also a measure of motor conduction, was 68.4 m/sec. Mean F latency was considered more reliable and representative than minimum F latency. F and H velocities accelerated proximally by 4.5 m/sec. They complement each other when evaluating motor and sensory group Ia conduction. The H-reflex and SEP use identical stimulus characteristics and when simultaneously recorded allow direct comparison of the fastest conducting peripheral and central sensory pathways. PMID- 6543911 TI - Nifedipine relieves exercise-exacerbated myalgias. AB - Three women with exercise-exacerbated myalgias refractory to usual medications are described who responded favorably when the calcium channel blocker, nifedipine, was administered. The side effects were dose-related and prevented complete resolution of the symptoms. Three potential mechanisms of action are suggested for these effects. PMID- 6543912 TI - Myoglobin in rat hind limb muscles after denervation and during reinnervation. AB - Radioimmunoassay of myoglobin (Mb) was performed in rat hind limb muscles after surgical denervation and during reinnervation following cryolesion of the sciatic nerve. Muscles of the contralateral leg served as controls. After resection of the sciatic nerve, decreased Mb concentrations were noted on the fourth day in the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Thereafter, the levels increased up to the last observation on day 32. The increases in Mb levels in the tibialis anterior and EDL muscles were considerably more pronounced (305% and 324%, respectively) than in the peroneus longus and soleus muscles (148% and 137%, respectively). After cryolesion of the sciatic nerve, the Mb concentrations in the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and EDL muscles increased, reaching maximal values on days 16-21. The levels then decreased and normal values were observed 2 months postoperatively. The normalization of the Mb levels during reinnervation corresponded fairly well in time with the clinical recovery and neurophysiological findings observed in a previous study. PMID- 6543913 TI - Needle biopsies. PMID- 6543915 TI - Local inflammatory myopathy. PMID- 6543914 TI - Difficult diagnosis of Eaton-Lambert myasthenic syndrome. PMID- 6543916 TI - The Spanish toxic-oil syndrome. PMID- 6543917 TI - Hemifacial spasm: difficulties in locating the lesion electrophysiologically. PMID- 6543918 TI - Muscle development in mdx mutant mice. AB - Mechanical and contractile properties of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles from X linked muscular dystrophic (mdx) mutant mice at different stages of development are compared to those of muscles from normal control animals. There is no difference between the tension output, speeds of contraction and relaxation, and weight of TA muscles from mutant adults and normal control animals. However, it is found that in 3-4-week-old mutant animals, tension output and muscle weight are very much reduced, and half relaxation time is prolonged. Thus, during this stage of development, muscles from mdx mice do not function properly. Histological examination of these muscles provides further evidence that, in these animals, rapid muscle destruction occurs at a particular time of development and that it is followed by complete recovery. This new mutant therefore presents an interesting case of muscle destruction and rapid regeneration. However, it is not an adequate model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6543919 TI - Congenital canine myasthenia gravis: I. Deficient junctional acetylcholine receptors. AB - The neuromuscular junction was studied during growth in two breeds of dog with a congenital familial form of myasthenia gravis (CMG): the Jack Russell terrier and the springer spaniel. Light microscopy revealed no difference in endplate size or nerve terminal morphology in age-matched CMG dogs and unaffected littermates. At all ages there was in individual muscle fibers of CMG dogs an approximately 75% lower postsynaptic membrane density of acetylcholine receptors (AChR). There was no evidence that this abnormality had an autoimmune basis. Measurements of miniature endplate potential amplitude in relation to fiber diameter revealed that the low density of AChR in the postsynaptic membrane of CMG dogs remained constant and did not change with the marked progression of muscle weakness during growth. Antigenic determinants of AChR were deficient in CMG muscle to the same extent as alpha-bungarotoxin (alpha BT) binding sites. Thus, a low density of AChR in the muscle's postsynaptic membrane appears to be the principal abnormality of CMG. The data suggest that the normal increase in number of acetylcholine (ACh) quanta released by nerve impulse may not fully compensate for the reduction in depolarization produced by a single quantum as the muscle fiber diameter increases. This could cause progression of weakness during growth. In addition to being a useful animal model of a rare form of CMG that resembles one form of human CMG, canine CMG offers a unique model for investigating events of synaptogenesis at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6543920 TI - Congenital canine myasthenia gravis: II. Acetylcholine receptor metabolism. AB - Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) metabolism was studied in muscle from juvenile and adult dogs with congenital myasthenia gravis (CMG) and their unaffected littermates. Although the amount of AChR in the junctional region of innervated CMG muscle fibers was 25% of normal, or less, denervation of CMG fibers resulted in the appearance of AChR in extrajunctional membranes at as high a concentration as in denervated normal fibers. The rate of degradation of junctional AChR in CMG fibers explanted to organ culture did not differ significantly from normal. In monolayer cultures derived from enzyme-dissociated CMG muscle, myotubes of normal morphology developed, and the synthesis and degradation of AChR did not differ from normal. Addition of sera from dogs with the acquired autoimmune form of MG accelerated the degradation of AChR on cultured myotubes, but CMG dog sera were without effect. These data suggest that the low junctional membrane density of AChR in CMG does not reflect a primary inability of muscle to synthesize AChR, nor an accelerated degradation of AChR in the postsynaptic membrane, but rather a low insertion rate of AChR in the postsynaptic membrane. PMID- 6543921 TI - Increase in the amount of elongation factor 2 in chicken muscular dystrophy. AB - The amount of elongation factor 2 (EF2) in the cytoplasm and ribosome of breast muscle cell from normal and dystrophic strains of chicken was measured. Concentration in the cytoplasm of 20-day-old embryonic dystrophic muscle was higher than that in normal muscle, but no difference in content was found in muscles of 15-day-old embryos. The amount of EF2 bound to ribosomes was identical in normal and dystrophic muscles during all stages of development. Peptide mapping patterns of partial proteolytic fragments of EF2 from normal and dystrophic chicken breast muscles were similar. The increase in cytoplasmic protein synthetic activity of dystrophic breast muscles reported previously seems to be due to the corresponding increase in the number of EF2 molecules rather than to their modification in dystrophic muscle. PMID- 6543922 TI - Calcium in bupivacaine-induced muscle necrosis. PMID- 6543923 TI - Hemifacial spasm: location of the lesion electrophysiologically. PMID- 6543924 TI - Exercise radionuclide angiography in hyperlipidaemic children with apparently normal hearts. PMID- 6543925 TI - Depyrogenation, sterilization and deproteination of radiopharmaceuticals with an ultrafilter. PMID- 6543927 TI - A mathematical model of the behaviour of krypton-81m gas in the lung at equilibrium. PMID- 6543926 TI - The gallbladder emptying response to sequential exogenous and endogenous cholecystokinin. AB - The gallbladder emptying response to sequential exogenous and endogenous cholecystokinin was measured by a noninvasive, nongeometric scintigraphic technique using a single dose of technetium 99m-labelled hepatobiliary agent. The mean latent period, ejection period, ejection fraction and ejection rate following 3 min infusion of 40 ng kg-1 of octapeptide of cholecystokinin were 2.8 +/- 0.7 min, 9.8 +/- 1.3 min, 34.0 +/- 9.9% and 3.5 +/- 2.0% per minute respectively. The corresponding values following 8 oz/70 kg of oral fatty meal were 15 +/- 6 min, 24.0 +/- 5 min (P less than 0.05), 55 +/- 9.1% and 2.8 +/- 0.6% per minute respectively. The total emptying for the combined stimuli was 71.4 +/- 14.0%. The wider range in latent and ejection period following fatty meal probably reflected the variations in time of the release into circulation and the duration of bioavailability of endogenous cholecystokinin. The lower rate of ejection was over compensated by longer duration of ejection resulting in higher degree of emptying following fatty meal. It is concluded that the gallbladder emptying pattern to exogenous and endogenous cholecystokinin can be studied sequentially using a single dose of technetium 99m-labelled hepatobiliary agent. PMID- 6543928 TI - Clinical interpretation of the DICOPAC test of B12 absorption. PMID- 6543930 TI - [Oxyuriasis and other parasitic diseases in Oltrepo of Pavia]. PMID- 6543929 TI - Resistance to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides in Anopheles atroparvus. AB - Adult Anopheles atroparvus, from Cadiz, Spain (strain AT SPA) were resistant to several organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Separate lines of the AT SPA strain selected with propoxur, fenitrothion, fenthion and malathion were cross resistant to these insecticides as well as chlorphoxim and bendiocarb. Lack of synergism between malathion and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), a carboxylesterase inhibitor and between fenitrothion and piperonyl butoxide (PB), a multi-function oxidase inhibitor, against the selected lines suggests that resistance to these insecticides may be non-metabolic. Lack of synergism of propoxur after 2 h exposure with PB, sensamex and SV1 (which all inhibit multi-function oxidases), may suggest that the same mechanism is involved here. However, all three synergists were effective in conjunction with 6 h exposure to propoxur. The postulated mechanisms are: a non-metabolic resistance, possibly an altered site of action, responsible for the non-synergizable resistance to organophosphorus insecticides and to a lesser extent the carbamates and a multi-function oxidase inhibitor-suppressed mechanism conferring resistance to propoxur. PMID- 6543931 TI - [A chemotherapy model of human giardiasis. Unsuccessful attachment of Lombardy and Pakistani strains of Giardia intestinalis in rabbits, rats and pathogen-free immunodepressed mice]. PMID- 6543932 TI - [First sign in Italy of Nematodirus roscidus, Apteragia quadrispiculata and Ostertagia drozdzi, found in Dama dama]. AB - The authors refer the first report in Italy of Nematodirus roscidus Railliet, 1911, Apteragia quadrispiculata Jansen, 1958 and Ostertagia drozdzi Jancev, 1977 from Dama dama. In fallow deer they found also: Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Skrjabinagia arctica, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris ovis. Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Skrjabinagia arctica were not found before in Dama dama in Italy. PMID- 6543933 TI - [Comparative morphological findings in examples of Trichostrongylus colubriformis isolated from human infestations and T. colubriformis obtained from experimental infection of Ovis aries with larva from human isolates]. AB - The authors compare the length of the spicules of 100 Trichostrongylus colubriformis collected from man and as many specimens from Ovis aries experimentally infected with larvae obtained from cultures of human stools. The parasites from man have spicules shorter than those obtained in lambs. PMID- 6543934 TI - [Electrophoretic study of gene-enzyme systems in oysters classified as Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) and Crassostrea angulata (Lamarck, 1819) (Mollusca: Ostreidae)]. AB - As a further contribution to the systematics of species belonging to the genus Crassostrea, electrophoretic studies of gene-enzyme system have been carried out on five populations of oysters regarded as either Crassostrea gigas or Crassostrea angulata species. Two populations of C. gigas from Japan (Karakawa and Hiroshima), one of C. gigas from France (Fouras), one of C. angulata from Portugal (Sado) and one of Crassostrea sp. from Italy (Chioggia) have been examined. The electrophoretic study of 20 enzyme loci and the genetic distance value showed no significant genetic divergence among the Crassostrea sp. populations. Thus the results of this study seem to confirm and extend to other populations what obtained by Buroker et al. (1979), that is a remarkable genetical identity between the two species Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata. PMID- 6543935 TI - [The Anopheles gambiae complex in Guinea Bissau]. AB - Three species of the Anopheles gambiae complex were identified in Guinea Bissau (West Africa) by chromosomal analysis. They were An. melas, An. arabiensis and An. gambiae s.s. An melas was observed in coastal and insular zones of the study area as well as in areas where the rivers are tidal and brackish and bordered by mangroves. For this reason, the species occurs also in inland riverine localities such as Farim and Bissora. An. arabiensis apparently occurs only in low numbers in a very limited inland area during the dry season. An gambiae s.s. was observed nearly everywhere in the study area. In the samples of An. melas three inversion polymorphisms occurred: one on the chromosomal arm 2R (2Rn) and two on the arm 3R (3Rc and 3Re). It was observed that the frequencies of the inverted arrangements 2Rn and 3Re were significantly higher in the islands as compared to the continental sampling localities. The An. arabiensis sample was characterized by the presence of three inversion polymorphisms: 2Ra, 2Rb and 3Ra. A very high degree of polymorphism was shown by the An. gambiae s.s. samples. Four inversion polymorphisms were observed (three on chromosomal arm 2R and one on arm 2L) with very different frequencies of the alternative arrangements in different zones of the study area. From these data it seemed possible to split the species into three populations, each of them apparently linked with a peculiar ecological situation. The first population, characterized by high frequencies of 2Rd arrangement, is present on the coastal zones and in the islands; the second one is present in the northern inland areas particularly during the dry season and it is characterized by high frequencies of 2Rb and 2La arrangements. The third population is present only in the inland zones and it is characterized by high frequencies of 2Rjb, 2Rjd and 2Rjbd arrangements. PMID- 6543936 TI - Karyotype delineation in Isidora truncata (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). AB - Metaphase chromosomes of a single Sardinian population of Isidora truncata were examined in an attempt to provide a picture of a standard karyotype to which Sardinian populations could be referred. Several new foci were identified and mapped. PMID- 6543937 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the identification of mosquito bloodmeals. AB - An ELISA for the identification of mosquito bloodmeals (MBM) is described. The technique makes use of commercial antisera and allows to investigate at least three different animal sources on the same MBM. The efficiency of identification is 100% for up to 20 hrs-digested MBM. PMID- 6543938 TI - [Styloconops hamariensis n. sp. in Somalia (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)]. AB - A new species of the genus Styloconops (S. hamariensis n. sp.) is described on material collected in Somalia in the coastal area near Mogadiscio. This ceratopogonid midge is common during the rainy seasons and it has been observed biting on man and cattle. The new species is morphologically similar to S. spinosifrons from which it can be clearly differentiated for at least some diagnostic characters both in the female and male adults. PMID- 6543939 TI - Observations on the taxonomic status of Anopheles sicaulti. AB - Field and laboratory studies were carried out on populations of Anopheles sicaulti and An. labranchiae from the Moroccan province of Tetouan, in order to evaluate the hypothesis of a specific rank for the former taxon, recently suggested by White (1978). The egg morphology, and particularly the exochorion pattern and the number of float ribs, showed a complete range of variation, from typical sicaulti to typical labranchiae. Females laying "intermediate" eggs are those prevailing in the study area (60.5% of the eggs collected in the Tetouan province were of this type); in some localities (Ben Karriche and Restinga) only such females were observed. The latter finding would indicate a polygenic control of the egg pattern, as the two supposed parental forms do not seem to segregate from the "intermediate" one. No pure labranchiae populations were observed in the study area, while a pure sicaulti sample was found at Kantara. More widespread appears to be the coexistence of the "intermediate" form either with sicaulti (at Mdiq and Beni Yder, in both cases with a ratio of about 1.7:1), or with both sicaulti and labranchiae (at Souk Khemis and Tatoufet, with a ratio of about 2:1:1 in the two cases). These data seem to indicate that in the considered area sicaulti interbreeds freely with labranchiae. Crossing experiments failed to evidence post-mating barriers between the two taxa; fertile hybrids were obtained in the expected numbers. The polytene chromosome studies showed no differences of diagnostic value between sicaulti and labranchiae, that have the same banding pattern. Also the genetic structure, analyzed by means of starch-gel electrophoresis on the basis of 16 gene-enzyme systems appears to be quite similar in the two forms: allele frequencies at the polymorphic loci do not show significant differences. The average Nei's genetic distance found between sicaulti and labranchiae is exceedingly low (D = 0.014); values of the same magnitude were observed between conspecific populations both in An. labranchiae and An. atroparvus (average D = 0.016 in the two cases). The polymorphic loci in the Tatoufet population, that includes the three forms: sicaulti, "intermediate" and labranchiae, are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, indicating that it represents a panmictic unit. The overall picture does not favour a specific rank for sicaulti, that seems rather a local variant of An. labranchiae. The need is stressed for further investigations involving populations living in the Rabat area, from where sicaulti was originally described. PMID- 6543940 TI - [Further observations on a focus of human trichostrongyliasis in the Viterbo resident]. AB - Human cases of trichostrongyliasis recorded in Italy in Viterbo city were determined by T. axei, T. capricola, T. colubriformis and T. vitrinus. The authors refer the results of the treatment with piperazine hydrate and a benzimidazole derivative. PMID- 6543941 TI - [Atrispinum mormyri (Lorenz, 1878) n. comb. (Microcotylidae: Atriasterinae) parasites of Lithognathus mormyrus (L.)]. AB - Atrispinum mormyri (Lorenz, 1878) n. comb. is proposed for Microcotyle mormyri collected on the gills of Lithognathus mormyrus (L.), from the Adriatic and Tyrrhenean Seas on the base of the structure of the genital atrium and the presence of a single vagina with dorsal aperture. The species is included in the keys given by Maillard e Noisy (1978-79) for the species grouped into the genus Atrispinum. PMID- 6543942 TI - [Acanthocephalan Paracanthocephaloides soleae (Porta, 1905) n. comb. (Arhythmacanthidae: Paracanthocephaloidinae) parasites of Solea impar Benn]. AB - The authors redescribe an acanthocephalan found in the intestine of Solea impar Benn. formerly considered as belonging to the species Acanthocephaloides soleae (Porta, 1905) Petrotschenko, 1956. The systematic position of the species soleae is discussed. For the absence of the trunk spines and for the morphology of the proboscis it is assigned to the genus Paracanthocephaloides Golvan, 1969 as Paracanthocephaloides soleae (Porta, 1905) n. comb. PMID- 6543943 TI - Selective looking and the Muller-Lyer illusion: the effect of changes in the focus of attention on the Muller-Lyer illusion. AB - According to a selective looking paradigm subjects were required to attend to the inward-going or outward-going components of a combined Muller-Lyer figure in which both components were present and distinguishable by colour. The amount of the illusion was found to vary according to which component the subject attended. Subsidiary findings relate the amount of the illusion to fin angle, fin length, and length of shaft. PMID- 6543944 TI - The Poggendorff illusion in Descent from the Cross by Rubens. AB - A comparison of the painting Descent from the Cross by Rubens with the earlier oil sketch reveals that Rubens discovered the Poggendorff illusion. PMID- 6543945 TI - Aggregation and unit formation in the perception of moving collinear lines. AB - The degree to which collinear lines are treated as a unit in resolving rotary motion in depth was investigated with the use of parallel projection to make direction of motion ambiguous. The proportion of time that the collinear lines appeared to rotate in the same direction was used as an index of their perceptual coherence. When the gap between the lines was small, there was strong grouping of the lines with respect to direction of motion as well as appearance of rigidity for the configuration. For larger gaps the grouping for direction of motion was maintained, but the lines appeared to have different axes of rotation leading to an appearance of nonrigidity. It is concluded that line elements can be aggregated for the resolution of certain properties without constituting a unit in any general sense. PMID- 6543946 TI - Temporal integration and contrast sensitivity in foveal and peripheral vision. AB - Spatial contrast sensitivity functions and temporal integration functions for gratings with dark surrounds were measured at various eccentricities in photopic vision. Contrast sensitivity decreased with increasing eccentricity at all exposure durations and spatial frequencies tested. The decrease was faster at high than at low spatial frequencies, but similar at different exposure durations. When cortically similar stimulus conditions were produced at different eccentricities by M-scaling, contrast sensitivity became independent of visual field location at all exposure durations tested. The results support the view that in photopic vision spatiotemporal information processing is qualitatively similar across the visual field, and that quantitative differences result from retino-topical differences in ganglion cell sampling. For gratings of constant retinal area temporal integration (improvement of contrast sensitivity with increasing exposure duration) was more extensive at high than at low retinal spatial frequencies but independent of cortical spatial frequency and eccentricity. For M-scaled gratings temporal integration was more extensive at high than at low cortical spatial frequencies but independent of retinal spatial frequency and eccentricity. The results suggest that the primary determinant of temporal integration is not spatial frequency but grating value that is calculated as AF2 square cycles (cycle2), where A is grating area and F spatial frequency. PMID- 6543947 TI - Perturbing line pictures for identification of visual features and their syntax. AB - Experiments are reported in which line pictures were perturbed by omission or displacement of a combination of single pixels, fragments of lines, contours, and whole figures. Different effects of perturbation were expected by selectively violating visual syntactic rules or by impeding the contribution of certain feature detectors. The deterioration of the perturbed picture was measured according to standard psychophysical methods by rating on a 5-point scale. Multivariate methods were used to single out the relative effects of perturbation by, respectively, a set of single pixels, line fragments, contours and whole figures. Lines, as opposed to loose pixels, are clearly powerful descriptors of the pictures; contours or whole figures do not add significantly to what lines already describe. Different effects were observed if perturbations were dislocations rather than removals. Then contours and whole figures showed a typical disrupting effect compared to line fragments. These results have consequences for the development of a syntax of visual form perception. The perturbation method seems appropriate for identifying features or syntactic rules, although the results are dependent on a number of environmental and contextual factors. PMID- 6543949 TI - Right-hemisphere superiority in the discrimination of spatial phase. AB - Visual field differences have been investigated in various detection and discrimination tasks for simple sinusoidal gratings or for complex gratings composed of two sinusoids of spatial frequencies f and 3f. Sinusoidal gratings were employed to evaluate contrast sensitivity, subthreshold summation effects, aftereffects of adaptation to a high-contrast grating, and spatial-frequency discrimination. The tasks with complex gratings were detection of the 3f component in the presence of a high-contrast f component and spatial-phase discrimination. The stimuli were presented either in the left or in the right visual hemifield. The results indicate a lack of lateralization for detection and spatial-frequency discrimination of sinusoidal gratings, and for the bandwidth of subthreshold summation effects and adaptation aftereffects, whereas the detection of the 3f component in the presence of a high-contrast f component, as well as spatial-phase discrimination of f +3f gratings, show a left-field advantage. This suggests a right-hemisphere superiority in the processing of spatial phase. PMID- 6543948 TI - On misoriented letters. AB - An experiment is reported in which subjects were presented with misoriented letters and asked to identify the transformations to which normal letters had been subjected to produce the misorientation. When two or more transformations were equally justifiable from the geometrical point of view, they did not have necessarily the same relevance from the perceptual standpoint. For instance, it was easier for the subjects to see an upside-down letter R as the outcome of two reflections (one about the horizontal axis and one about the vertical axis) rather than of a 180 degrees rotation in the picture plane. Contrary to expectation, for the same final result a reflection--a movement in three dimensions--was preferred to a rotation--a movement in two dimensions--and two reflections were preferred to a single rotation. To explain the distribution of the responses, a hypothesis on the 'mode of appearance' of equivocally oriented objects is presented. This postulates that the directional axes assigned to the objects tend to remain in correspondence with those of the environment. Moreover, the polarization of the up-down axis tends to be preserved, while that of the left-right axis does not. Implications of this simple model for the perception of misorientations are discussed. PMID- 6543950 TI - The perception of control in loud noise. AB - Perception of control is known to affect performance under stress. Two experiments are reported the object of which was to find out how loud noise during a contingency assessment task influences perceived control. Subjects were required to choose one of two responses, note one of two results, and then provide an overall percentage estimation of the degree of contingency present after 40 trials. Subjects made these judgments for one of three levels of objective contingency (25%, 50%, 75%), either in quiet (55 dBA) or in loud noise (95 dBA) conditions. The first experiment involved a series of randomly chosen, preprogrammed outcomes for noncontingent trials. An unexpected effect of noise was that subjects improved their successes in predicting events, and could only have done so by finding sequential structure in the preprogrammed alternations. They also overestimated control relative to contingency data actually received, at the 25% objective contingency level, but the result could have been dependent on different base levels of data actually received. A second experiment, with a random generation of outcomes for noncontingent trials, resulted in no differences in success levels, but confirmed that noise is associated with the overestimation of contingency at the 25% objective contingency level and demonstrated the same effect for the 50% level. The results are discussed in the context of the 'illusion of control'. PMID- 6543951 TI - Sex and age differences in choice behaviour: the object-person dimension. AB - There is a popular belief that females are more socially oriented than males, while males are more nonsocially or object oriented than females. A 2 X 2 factorial design was employed to examine this, with independent variables of sex and age (young and older adults). The subjects were presented with six pairs of pictures, each consisting of an object and a person. Each presentation lasted 30 s; the time spent looking at each stimulus was taken as a measure of interest. The hypothesis that in this choice situation males and females would differ in their preference for object and person stimuli was confirmed. However, the sex difference was confined to young adults; older subjects of both sexes showed more (and equal) interest in the social stimuli than in the object stimuli. Masculinity and femininity scores on the Bem Sex Role Inventory showed some relationship with object-person preferences but failed to throw much light on the absence of a sex difference in older adults. PMID- 6543952 TI - Salt taste sensitivity and stimulus volume: sips and drops. Some implications for the Henkin taste test. AB - Various presentation procedures and stimulus volumes were compared in their effect on salt taste sensitivity. For sodium chloride (NaCl) stimuli pipetted onto the tongue, subjects had comparable measured sensitivity to 10 ml and 1 ml volumes but a reduced sensitivity to 0.1 ml volumes. The greatest sensitivity was achieved with 10 ml sipped volumes. Modification of the Henkin dropwise triangular taste test, by increasing the stimulus volumes, increased subjects' sensitivity. Only the 1 ml pipette presentation increased the sensitivity of the Henkin procedure, albeit slightly, to the detection of changes in taste sensitivity, the purpose for which the procedure was actually designed. Such modification did not perturb salivary NaCl levels more than the regular Henkin procedure, so it would not be expected to introduce sensitivity drift. PMID- 6543953 TI - Effects of stimulus context on preference judgements for salt. AB - An experiment is reported which confirms earlier findings that the range of stimulus concentration affects the estimate of ideal concentration. The method proposed by Booth et al for reducing range bias has been found to give satisfactory results. PMID- 6543954 TI - Testing a perceptual constancy model for odor strength: the effects of sniff pressure and resistance to sniffing. AB - The rate at which odorous vapor flows over the receptor surface is reflected in olfactory nerve activity, but the evidence for a corresponding effect on odor strength is scant and inconsistent. A perceptual constancy model for odor strength resolves this apparent contradiction: The effect of flow rate at the receptor site may be perceptually discounted when there is sensory feedback, in the form of perceived effort, from the action of sniffing responsible for changes in flow rate. Previous evidence shows that observers experience change in perceived effort when sniffing at various pressures against fixed resistance but not when sniffing with fixed pressure against varying resistance. Thus the model predicts both that odor strength varies when flow rate is manipulated by changes in olfactory resistance and that odor strength is invariant when flow rate is manipulated by changes in sniff pressure. In the present study, in which subjects made magnitude estimates of the odor strength of pyridine and n-butanol, an earlier finding for the effects of resistance change was confirmed and extended. Further, within the framework of a single experiment in which both pressure and resistance were independently manipulated, the odor strength of n-butanol conformed to the predictions of the constancy model. PMID- 6543955 TI - Exorcising the double-nail illusion: giving up the ghost. AB - The principles of visual direction explain the double-nail illusion, without the concept of a ghost image. Also, the stimulus arrangement for the illusion is not perceptually ambiguous for the visual system as Krol and van de Grind claim. PMID- 6543956 TI - Exorcising the double-nail confusion: a reply to Ono. AB - Contrary to the claims of Ono it is argued that the principles and rules of direction vision do not account for the double-nail illusions, and that the 'ghost' concept is hidden rather than exorcised in Ono's approach. PMID- 6543957 TI - Indications for hospitalization in the treatment of borderline patients. AB - Hospitalization is an important component in the treatment of some borderline patients, yet features of the borderline syndrome make the decision to hospitalize a complex one. This paper considers alternatives to hospitalization as well as indications for use of the hospital in the treatment of borderline patients. The roles of brief hospitalization and of extended inpatient treatment are considered separately. PMID- 6543958 TI - Hospital based treatment of malignant post Vietnam stress syndrome. PMID- 6543959 TI - Activity attendance, hospital expectations, and suicide. PMID- 6543960 TI - Self-survey of family organization. AB - A self-survey was undertaken among 512 members of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill (CAMI), a statewide family support organization. The typical CAMI member is the parent of a mentally disabled son or daughter who has been ill for an average of 13 years with multiple hospitalizations and therapists. The employment record of the disabled individuals was poor; more than two-thirds had been involuntarily committed at some time, and half had been in jail. Family members see the most serious unmet need to be social rehabilitation housing with planned programs. PMID- 6543961 TI - Double parricide--matricide and patricide: a comparison with other schizophrenic murders. AB - Two paranoid schizophrenic young men murdered their mother and father while acutely delusional. To delineate the characteristics of homicidal, particularly parricidal patients, these two patients are compared with one parricidal and six homicidal patients. Preliminary warning signs, the contributory role of family life to the psychopathology, and the occurrence of parricide in schizophrenia are discussed. PMID- 6543962 TI - The use of detachable balloons in neuroradiology. AB - The development of the detachable balloon allows treatment of many neurological lesions, both congenital and acquired. We describe here a device that may be used easily. Complications and main indications are discussed on the basis of our experience with 114 cases. PMID- 6543963 TI - Lymphangiomatosis of bone--lymphographic and CT findings. AB - A case of lymphangiomatosis of bone associated with arachnoid cysts of the spinal cord is presented. This disease is very rare and in some cases the definitive diagnosis has been made radiologically rather than histologically. Lymphography and CT scanning showed on inflow of the oily contrast medium within the bony trabeculae. CT was also effective in detecting other anomalies that were otherwise not expected. PMID- 6543964 TI - Intracavitary irradiation of esophageal carcinoma invaded to cardia. AB - A case of esophageal carcinoma that had invaded to the cardia was treated with intracavitary irradiation. The residual tumor was present at the cardia after radiotherapy. This result demonstrates that intracavitary irradiation is not necessarily effective for cases with invasion to the cardia of the stomach. Operation is recommended for such cases to obtain local control. PMID- 6543965 TI - Intraarterial digital subtraction arteriography in the management of renal tumors. AB - Nine patients with renal tumors were studied by intraarterial digital subtraction arteriography (IADSA). Embolization was performed in six patients. IADSA was evaluated on the following practical points: vascular mapping, renal vein visualization, and embolization. Vascular mapping by IADSA was satisfactory in eight patients. The limitation of the field of view was the major restricting factor, and a second opacification was necessary in two cases. One case with multiple renal arteries was unacceptable as the lowest renal artery was missed. Renal vein visualization by IADSA with renal artery injection was not reliable due to misregistration artifacts caused by bowel gas. Embolization with IADSA was satisfactory. Significant reductions in contrast load and procedure time were achieved. IADSA was found to be an effective tool in vascular mapping and embolization of renal tumors. Selective renal arteriography to visualize renal veins was better performed with conventional techniques. PMID- 6543966 TI - A new phantom for evaluation of low-contrast detectability of X-ray CT scanner. AB - It is possible to produce Xyron (styrene grafted polyphenylene ether) having different electron densities but virtually the same effective atomic number. The difference between the CT numbers obtained with two Xyron types of different electron densities was shown both theoretically and experimentally to be constant, regardless of the effective photon energy. A phantom for evaluation of low-contrast detectability of X-ray CT scanners was produced from these two types of Xyron and was shown to be effective for both comparative studies and daily quality assurance. PMID- 6543967 TI - Usefulness of direct coronal CT in the diagnosis of urinary bladder tumor. AB - Direct coronal CT was performed on 6 cases of urinary bladder tumor in which conventional axial transverse CT failed to depict the relationship between the lesion and bladder wall. GE CT/T 8800 was used, and the bladder was scanned with patients crouched on the table opposite the gantry. The relationship between the tumor and bladder wall as well as the surrounding organs was visualized in 5 of 6 cases examined. THe CT diagnosis and histological findings coincided in 4 of these 5. Direct coronal CT was useful for diagnostic determination of clinical stage for tumors occurring in the apical or basal region of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6543968 TI - Thoracic tissue core biopsy by Surecut: a preliminary report of 42 cases. AB - Percutaneous thoracic tissue core biopsy was performed in forty-two cases using modified Menghini needle with a 1-mm outer diameter (19-gauge Surecut). The tissue core for histological analysis was obtained in 32 out of 42 cases (76%). No serious complication was encountered. It is suggested that the Surecut is a desirable thin needle for obtaining histological material with minimal risk to the patient. PMID- 6543969 TI - Computed tomography during arterial portography in idiopathic portal hypertension. AB - Computed tomography (CT) during arterial portography was performed in two cases of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). Multiple patchy low-density areas with unclear margins and abnormally short distances between some of the medium-sized portal branches and the liver surface were demonstrated. These findings were distinctly different from those of liver cirrhosis. CT during arterial portography was useful for differentiating IPH from liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6543970 TI - Renal sinus varix: an additional differential diagnosis of a renal hilar mass. AB - Renal sinus varix of the left kidney in a patient with circumaortic left renal vein is described. CT appearance of the varix resembled parapelvic cyst except that the varix did not displace or stretch the collecting system. The venous phase of left renal arteriography disclosed its nature. Renal sinus varix should be added to the differential diagnoses of renal hilar mass. PMID- 6543971 TI - A "supralethal dose phenomenon" revealed by cancer of the maxillary sinus. AB - In this paper a so-called "supralethal dose phenomenon" is reported. Two groups of patients, all of whom were carrying proved squamous cell carcinoma of the same clinical stage in their maxillary sinuses, were compared after radiotherapy in our department. The radiotherapies applied to the two groups were very similar in terms of fraction number, treatment period, dose distribution and immobilization technique, but differed in dose, i.e., 5,500 cGy for one group of 9 patients and 5,750 cGy for the other group of 20 patients. The five-year survival rates of the two groups were 8/9 and 10/20, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). All patients were observed for at least five years. Except for tumor stage, the status of the patients in the two groups, including primary site of the tumor in the sinus, patients' age and cause of death for the failed cases, are also discussed in detail. PMID- 6543972 TI - [Radiological study of pleural plaques in asbestosis. Contribution of oblique projection views and computerized tomography]. AB - Oblique views of the chest under scopic control and computed tomography have been obtained in 7 patients with a known history of exposure to asbestos fibers, and evidence of pleural plaques on the postero-anterior view of the chest. The distribution of the radiological findings is similar with both the techniques; however, CT is more sensitive in detecting small lesions at the margino-costal anterior and posterior level, both calcific or not. CT seems also more sensitive in detecting parenchymal lesions. The role of CT in this pathology is briefly discussed. PMID- 6543973 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma]. AB - The authors summarize clinical findings and radiological aspects of pleural malignant mesothelioma. This tumor, previously uncommon, is now observed with increasing frequency in developed countries (pathogenetic relationship with asbestos fibers inhalation is proved). Common and uncommon findings are described and 8 new cases are presented. Differential diagnosis between malignant mesothelioma and other primary or secondary pleural tumors is difficult and always requires a confirmation by multiple biopsies and/or thoracotomy. The usefulness of CT study in the accurate staging of mesothelioma is particularly emphasized. In this field CT may completely replace the conventional tomography. PMID- 6543974 TI - [Radiographic aspects of the hand in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis]. AB - Radiographs of the hand of 53 patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) were compared with 20 acromegalic subjects and 100 matched controls. Bone qualitative changes, characteristic of DISH, include: (1) arrow heading of the distal phalangeal tufts; (2) enthesopathy of the proximal phalanges; (3) enlarged sesamoid bones; (4) hook-like exostoses at the metacarpophalangeal heads; (5) cortical thickness of diaphyseal tubular bones. Therefore, the hand in this disease appears as a "robust" form, particularly in males, resembling acromegalic pattern, but in this disease, the hand is much more coarse (so called squared hand), especially because of the soft tissue involvement and articular cartilaginous hypertrophy. Only enthesopathy seems to be the most characteristic and peculiar finding of the disease. Quantitative bone change measurements have demonstrated in DISH that metacarpal and Exton Smith indices differ statistically toward the controls. The hand is wider, but in males bone mass may result the same and in female is shortly reduced. Soft tissue alterations, compared with the controls, are not significant. On the contrary, in acromegaly there is a significant statistical difference in all the quantitative measurements of both the skeletal and soft tissue lesions, compared with the controls and patients affected by DISH. PMID- 6543975 TI - [Quantitative analysis of bone tissue. Correlation of several radio-morphometric indices with gamma-absorptiometric mineralometry]. AB - According to results of experimental study on 70 women, either normal or osteoporotic, the authors come to a critical valuation of known radio morphometric index concerning the measure of amount of bone and propose the cortical planimetric percent area of the second right hand metacarpal as original radio-morphometric index, greatly correlated (r = 0,879) to gamma absorptsiometric mineralometry. PMID- 6543976 TI - [Telethermographic patterns in scrotal diseases. Analysis of the causes of hypothermia]. AB - One hundred fifty six telethermographic exams, carried our for scrotal pathology (testicular and extratesticular), have been analyzed. In 80% of cases the pathological area has determined a remarkable hyperthermic thermographic pattern. On the contrary, in the remaining 20% of cases, the affected area has resulted iso- or hypothermic. In this work the eventual pathologic substrate, responsible of the different thermographic patterns, is discussed, also taking into account the echographic results. PMID- 6543977 TI - [Comparative evaluation of saccoradiculography and lumbar phlebography in the diagnosis of lumbar disk herniation]. AB - A comparative evaluation of two relevant methods (saccoradiculography and lumbar epidural venography), based on 246 case studies (133 of which surgically treated), did not reveal that one of the two could be adopted as elective test with regard to its diagnostic accuracy. However if we consider tolerance and complications of each method, lumbar epidural venography appears to be the elective test in herniated lumbar disk diagnosing. PMID- 6543978 TI - [CT x-ray in recurrences of lumbar disk herniation. Usefulness of the examination with contrast enhancement]. AB - The CT is an important and valuable instrument in the study of the postoperative lumbar spine, in the patients which presented persistent clinical manifestation. In this report the technique with contrast enhancement is outlined, the criteria for its interpretations are presented, and its advantages and limitations are reviewed; pitfalls in technique interpretation are stressed. Two hundred and fifty patients are referred to the CT without and with i.v. contrast medium for this diagnostic request: scar or herniation at surgery level. PMID- 6543979 TI - [Soft tissue neoplasms. Clinical aspects]. PMID- 6543980 TI - [Role of traditional radiography and xeroradiography in the study of tumefactions of soft tissues]. PMID- 6543981 TI - [Angiography of soft tissues]. PMID- 6543982 TI - [Computerized tomography in the study of tumors of soft tissues]. PMID- 6543983 TI - [Needle biopsy in soft tissue sarcoma]. PMID- 6543984 TI - [Soft tissue tumors: surgical therapy]. PMID- 6543985 TI - Sporadic multi-system atrophy with early onset and rapid fatal outcome (atypical O.P.C.A.?). Case report. AB - The authors report the clinical, instrumental and histopathological data observed in a 27 year old man, who died 20 months after the onset of a rapidly progressive neurological syndrome referable to a multitopic brain damage. The clinical picture, which at its fully developed stage was represented by supranuclear ophthalmoplegia, cerebellar ataxia, akinetic-rigid parkinsonism with axial dystonia and dementia, appeared consistent with the diagnosis of P.S.P. The histological examination showed degenerative changes of varied degree in the cerebellum, the brain-stem and the basal ganglia, but the neurofibrillary tangles characteristic of P.S.P. were not found, either with electron-microscopy. The case presented considerable difficulties regarding its nosological classification. Nevertheless, the lack of neuropathological findings of storage disease as well as the particular location of the degenerative lesions have induced the authors to consider it as an atypical form of sporadic O.P.C.A. in the field of M.S.A. PMID- 6543986 TI - [Abortion and the man. Psychological and psychopathological manifestations in the face of lost fatherhood]. AB - This study examines the psychological and psychopathological reactions that may appear in a man when his partner aborts. The small amount of literature that exists on the subjects was examined, and several men were, interviewed at the time their partners aborted voluntarely. It turns out that in spite of the man's lack of recognition of any reactions (reinforced by current attitudes and by the scant psychological and medical interest in the subject), there is considerable emotional involvement in the lost parenthood, both for the man and the woman. As revealed by the interviews, this involvement may manifest itself in persecutory or depressive anxiety and psychosomatic symptoms. Moreover, but very rarely, real and typical psychopathological symptoms may appear, such as depression and behavioural disorders. The appearance of these reactions is linked to the problems and conflicts aroused by prospective fatherhood, leading to a comparison between the experiences of fuliwed fatherhood and those of fatherhood lost. PMID- 6543987 TI - [Mortality during the 1st year of life in a cohort of low birth weight neonates]. PMID- 6543988 TI - [Epidemiologic evaluation of the importance of mortality in transmissible diseases in Spain. I. General mortality (1900-1978)]. PMID- 6543989 TI - [Effect of potassium sorbate on the growth of Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 6543990 TI - [The system of dosage limitation within a program of hospital radiologic protection]. PMID- 6543991 TI - [Campylobacter: serological study of the child and adult population]. PMID- 6543992 TI - [Project for the biotic decontamination of underwater emissions]. PMID- 6543993 TI - Binocular responses in the superior colliculus of the albino rat. AB - The retinotopic map for the contralateral eye is similar to that found in the pigmented rats and in other rodents. Cells which had ipsilateral responses were recorded in a fairly large area in the rostral portion of the tectum. Their receptive fields lay from about 40 degrees in the contralateral hemifield to about 40 degrees in the ipsilateral hemifield. The ipsilateral response of a binocular cell is similar in almost every respect to its counterpart in the opposite eye except being very weak and that the receptive field is usually smaller. Most binocular cells are distributed in the Stratum griseum superficiale (SGS) and the Stratum opticum (SO). Less binocular cells recorded in the Stratum griseum intermediale (SGI) have more scattered distribution both in the size and in the position of the receptive field. PMID- 6543994 TI - Studies on RNA ligase activity in the brain and liver cells of mouse. AB - RNA ligase in eukaryotic mammalian cells was studied by using mouse brain and liver cell extracts as enzyme sources and Oligo A as substrates. RNA ligase activity was determined by measuring the formation of alkaline phosphate resistant product from 5'-32P-terminated Oligoribonucleotides. Under appropriate conditions, the activity of this enzyme in brain and liver cells may vary between 16-49 mU/ml. The joining way between donor and acceptor is 5'-P----3'-OH. Further studies were carried out by using synthetic UpCpU and 32pNp as substrates and crude enzyme preparations from extracts of cell nuclei of brain and liver as enzyme sources. RNA ligase activity was examined by homochromatography and autoradiography. A clear joining product was demonstrated and then isolated from the reaction mixture by DEAE-Sephadex A25 column chromatography. The eluted fractions were identified by DEAE-cellulose thin layer chromatography. The joining product was hydrolyzed either with KOH or with alkaline phosphatase, the autoradiographic spot of the product disappeared. In this case the joining way between donor and acceptor is 3'-P----5'-OH instead of 5'P----3'-OH. All this indicated that in extracts of mouse brain and liver cells most probably exists some other kind of RNA ligase, which differs from the T4 RNA ligase in the joining way. PMID- 6543995 TI - The simultaneous discharges of two neurons in N. Pf and RF and the influences on them by stimulating central gray matter. AB - This paper employs the method of simultaneous recording of the electric discharges of two neurons with two microelectrodes to study the interrelationship of simultaneous electric activities of pain excitation neurons (PEN) and pain inhibition neurons (PIN) in N. parafascicularis (Pf) of thalamus and reticular formation (RF) of midbrain in 42 rats. The results prove: (i) There are both PEN and PIN in RF in midbrain and they act coordinately; (ii) noxious messages may simultaneously act on PEN and PIN in N. Pf and RF, and the reciprocal coordination of electric activities of these two kinds of neurons is very obvious; (iii) stimulating central gray matter or injecting morphine may weaken the activities of PEN simultaneously, with the opposite effects on PIN. PMID- 6543996 TI - Group size and group income as influences on marriage patterns in Hawaii. PMID- 6543997 TI - Distribution, endogamy, and isolation of Malas of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. PMID- 6543998 TI - Selection intensities and inbreeding among some caste groups of Andhra Pradesh, India. PMID- 6543999 TI - The estimation of natural fertility: a micro approach. PMID- 6544000 TI - Age-discrepant marriages: cross-national comparisons of Canadian-American trends. PMID- 6544001 TI - Patterns and variations in the relationship between infant mortality and socioeconomic status. PMID- 6544002 TI - The decision to terminate childbearing: differences in preoperative ambivalence between tubal ligation women and vasectomy wives. PMID- 6544004 TI - Familial aggregation of blood pressure in a Jewish population sample in Jerusalem among ethnic and religious groupings. PMID- 6544003 TI - The influence of female education, labor force participation, and age at marriage on fertility behavior in Bangladesh. PMID- 6544005 TI - Household type and family size in Maharashtra, 1970. PMID- 6544006 TI - [The effect of dexasone and metyrapone on the level of catecholamines in the adrenal glands of guinea pigs and rats]. PMID- 6544007 TI - [Pathogenesis and method of treating otogenic paralysis of the facial nerve]. PMID- 6544008 TI - [Anatomy of the terminal portion of the left and right ovarian veins]. PMID- 6544009 TI - [The value of the Du Vries operation in the treatment of hallux valgus]. PMID- 6544010 TI - [Sexual function of patients on chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6544011 TI - [Idiopathic ketonuric hypoglycemia]. PMID- 6544012 TI - [Cystadenoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 6544014 TI - [Modern diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6544013 TI - [The importance of asbestos as a modern pathogenic factor in occupational exposure and for the general population]. PMID- 6544015 TI - [Development and functional disorders of the child's voice]. PMID- 6544016 TI - [Effect of corticosteroid therapy of various durations on urinary excretion of norepinephrine]. PMID- 6544017 TI - [Evaluation of the work capacity of tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6544018 TI - [Risk factors in unsuccessfully treated patients with chronic peripheral arterial insufficiency]. PMID- 6544019 TI - [Surgical interventions on the female genital organs in childhood]. PMID- 6544020 TI - [Initial experience with pacemaker therapy of ventricular "reentry" tachycardia using an extra-stimulus method]. PMID- 6544021 TI - [Formation of sediment on intrauterine devices]. PMID- 6544023 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 6544022 TI - [Contraceptive agents for men]. PMID- 6544024 TI - [Purification and toxicological identification of fraction VIII-2 from the venom of Ophiophagus hannah]. PMID- 6544025 TI - [Effect of pyquiton on calcium uptake of the male Schistosoma japonicum under various conditions]. PMID- 6544026 TI - [Anticholinergics: synthesis of alpha and beta isomers of 3-methyl-3-azabicyclo [3, 3, 1] nonan-9-yl esters]. PMID- 6544027 TI - [Isolation and structural determination of perforatic acid from Chinese folk medicine niu-jin-guo (Harrisonia perforat)]. PMID- 6544028 TI - [Purification and characterization of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey pectin]. PMID- 6544029 TI - [High performance liquid chromatography of gossypol]. PMID- 6544031 TI - [Studies on the physical properties of iron sorbitol]. PMID- 6544030 TI - [Selection of the optimal combination of solvent systems to be used in paper and thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 6544032 TI - [Effects of dimethyl trilobine iodide (DTI) on the blood pressure of unanesthetized and acute renal hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6544033 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. XII. Synthesis and antimalarial activities of some derivatives of 2,4-disubstituted-6-substituted amino quinazolines]. PMID- 6544034 TI - [Studies on antimalarials. XIII. Synthesis of some N3-amino substituted quinazolone-4 derivatives]. PMID- 6544035 TI - [Studies on the constituents from Dioscorea plants. X. Isolation and identification of steroidal saponins and sapogenins from Dioscorea althaeoides Kunth]. PMID- 6544036 TI - The consistency principle in protein structure and pathways of folding. AB - It is pointed out that various energy terms contributing to stabilize the native state of globular proteins are consistent in the first approximation with each other in the native state. This means that each energy term is individually minimized at the minimum point of the total energy. I proposed (1) to call this fact "the consistency principle in protein structure." The fair success of various methods of prediction of the secondary structures in globular proteins from their amino acid sequence is often interpreted as indicating the dominance of the short-range interactions in determining the local structures of the polypeptide chains. Partly from such a point of view, the hierarchic condensation model has been popular for the process of protein folding. However the consistency principle indicates that the short-range interactions are just one type of intramolecular interaction which contributes to stabilization of the native structure together with other mutually consistent types of intramolecular interactions. Therefore the hierarchic condensation model is not necessarily a unique model of protein folding. Roles of a possible nonspecific globular state, stabilized by nonspecific long-range intramolecular interactions, in the folding process are discussed. It is expected that this nonspecific globular state is observed either as an equilibrium or a kinetic intermediate state between the unfolded and the folded native states. Observation as a kinetic intermediate state is expected to occur in experiments done under strongly refolding conditions. In this case the polypeptide chain in the unfolded state collapses into a nonspecific globule by the action of nonspecific long-range intramolecular interactions. Two possible mechanisms of the transition from the nonspecific globular state to the specific native folded state are discussed. In an experiment done under weakly refolding conditions, folding is expected to occur according to the embryo-nucleus model. This model is a refined version of the hierarchic condensation model. Refinement is done by taking into account the fact that the intermediate structures assumed in the hierarchic condensation model are unstable against both the native folded state and the unfolded state. A nucleus is an ordered structure of a certain size. Ordered structures of a size larger than a nucleus tend to fold further to become the native specific globule. Ordered structures of a size smaller than a nucleus tend to unfold. Embryos are intrinsically unstable ordered structures smaller than a nucleus. Folding occurs when embryos grow in size to become a nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6544037 TI - [Current treatment of craniofacial dysostosis]. PMID- 6544038 TI - [The computer in the management of the office]. PMID- 6544039 TI - [Gliomas of the optic nerve]. PMID- 6544040 TI - [Non-tumor pathology of the optic tract in children]. PMID- 6544042 TI - [Lasers in glaucoma]. PMID- 6544041 TI - [Intracranial tumors in children]. PMID- 6544043 TI - [Pitfalls in the diagnosis of oculomotor disorders in children]. PMID- 6544044 TI - [Evaluation of visual function in the child under 4 years of age]. PMID- 6544045 TI - [Entry of visually-imparied children into scholastic and socio-professional milieus]. PMID- 6544046 TI - [Obstruction of the lacrimal ducts in children]. PMID- 6544047 TI - [Gas-permeable lenses and the certainty and hope for permanent wear]. PMID- 6544048 TI - [Retinoblastoma in children. Diagnosis and current treatment]. PMID- 6544049 TI - [Retinoschisis in children]. PMID- 6544050 TI - [Contribution of hemoglobin synthesis in vitro to the diagnosis of thalassemia]. AB - The authors show that the, incubation techniques of reticulocytes, are able to appreciate accurately deficiency of the globin chain synthesis, so they allow to apply certainly diagnosis of thalassemias. PMID- 6544051 TI - [The lipolytic system of Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium (Westling). I. Precharacterization of the lipase system]. AB - The principal properties of the lipase produced by Penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium Westling, were studied. It has been shown that optimal temperature for activity is 30 degrees C and the optimal pH is 8. This lipase is thermal resistant and able to hydrolyse easier the tributyrine than olive oil. PMID- 6544052 TI - [Parasitic effect of Opius concolor (Spzl) (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) on an intermediate host Ceratitis capitata Wied (Diptera, Trypetidae)]. AB - The parasitic incidence of Opius concolor (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) on a replacement host, Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Trypetidae) was studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis methods. A noticeable modification of C. capitata proteins was observed when parasited by O. concolor. But the most important phenomenon is the finding of common antigens between the host and the parasite. These results are discussed with regard to trophic and parasitic behaviour of the parasite. PMID- 6544053 TI - [Effect of the length of the stay of the male on the reproduction of the olive psylla Euphyllura olivina Costa (Homoptera, Psyllidae)]. AB - We have studied, in Euphyllura olivina Costa, 1839, the incidence that the absence or presence of males can have on the fecundity of females their longevity, the duration of spawning and other biotic parameters... So we have pointed out that: In all the cases, from beginning of experimental infestations of olive--tree sprouts to the beginning of eggs releasing, there is a preovipositional time of very variable duration. Virgins, isolated from imago emergence, have a trifling spawning and the eggs cannot have parthenogenetic development. Fecundity of a female by one male induces important spawnings. These increase with more and more prolonged cohabitation (2, 4, 8 and 16 days stay). When one female is in the presence of two males we have noted a very hight variability of fecundity of the female. However it appears that the most important spawnings occur when the two males and the female are left together during 8 days. PMID- 6544054 TI - [The limnology of Tunisia: physicochemical study]. AB - Several chemical and physical parameters are measured in forty seven stations, distributed on the most part of the hydrographic systems of Tunisia. Some parameters: temperature of the water (T), salinity (S, electric conductivity (CE), chloride (Cl-), total hardness (DT) and turbidity (TUR) show great variations in the Northern hydrographic systems. In these systems, the parameters (S, CE, Cl-, DT) are generally elevated in the tributaries of the south bank of the Medjerda, the North-East streams, Melah and Tine Streams which flow in the Ichkeul lake. The waters in these septentrional systems are sometimes very turbid. The waters of the meridional hydrological system are very clear. The resurgence thermal waters are characterized by the small amplitude of variations of the studied parameters. The waters are alkaline, generally very mineralized they are well oxygenized in the no-polluted stations. PMID- 6544055 TI - [High levels of manganese in the diet of rats (Rattus norvegicus albinicus). I. Effect on reproduction]. AB - The present trial was conducted to obtain more information on the ingestion of diets containing high levels of manganese, and thus, elucidate its toxic effects on animal performance under field conditions. This paper represents a preliminary and systematic laboratory investigation carried out in rats and their offspring. The animals were fed diets with basal Mn levels of 50 ppm (0.91 mM) plus the addition of 0, 500 and 1,000 ppm Mn (on a dry basis) for each group included in the experiment, and observing the appearance of toxic effects up to 7.5 months of treatment. A failure in reproductive performance was noted, as well as in growth and survival of neonates. Histological studies of the testes and ovaries showed a reduction of spermatogenesis, epithelial alterations, atresic follicles, and persistence of corpus luteum, indicative of a disfunction of the sexual glands. PMID- 6544056 TI - Developmental changes on protein turnover in growing rats fed on diets containing field beans (Vicia faba L.) as source of protein. AB - The effects of nutrition with Vicia Faba L. administered at two different levels (12 and 18% protein) on the developmental changes of protein turnover were investigated in the rat. The myofibrillar gain and synthesis values were lower in the animals fed on legume protein as compared with casein-fed controls, while no differences were found in myofibrillar degradation during the three periods of time evaluated (0-14, 14-28 and 28-45 days). The fractional myofibrillar gain, breakdown and synthesis calculated as the sum of both, decreased with age in all the dietary groups. The antinutritional effects of the inclusion of Vicia faba L. in diets were more evident in the first 28 days, and attributed to a decreased muscle protein synthesis. PMID- 6544057 TI - [Obtaining protein fractions from commercial sesame cakes (Sesamum indicum)]. AB - Sesame press cake represents an important potential protein source for human consumption. Some of the limiting factors are its high crude fiber content, oxalic acid content, and its bitter taste. By fractionation of solvent-extracted sesame meal, several preparations were obtained which were analyzed for their nutrient content, protein utilization and digestibility. PER values were low, and supplementation with lysine, skim-milk powder, soymeal or fish meal, improved the PER values considerably. Based on these findings, formulas for use as a protein supplement for children are presented. PMID- 6544058 TI - [Use of boned fish meat in the preparation of dried products]. AB - Minced fish flesh, both from Catfish (Arius sp) and from a mixture of various fish species of shrimp by-catch, were mixed with several starchy ingredients and salt. Drying at 70 degrees C was done until 4-10% moisture levels were reached. Physiochemical and microbiological tests (moisture, ash, protein, fat, pH, total volatile nitrogen, thiobarbituric tests, sodium chloride, color, total pour plate counts and yeast and mould counts) were conducted before and after drying. In addition, rehydration and sensory evaluation tests were performed in the dried products. Findings revealed that sodium chloride at 1.5% works as preservative and does not affect rehydration. Starchy ingredients favor fish particles binding and enhance sensory attributes such as color and appearance. Nevertheless, more studies in this area are recommended to reach acceptable quality products. PMID- 6544059 TI - [Determination of in vitro and in vivo protein digestibility in cereals and legumes, raw and cooked]. AB - The digestibility of some cereals and legumes was determined in rats by two in vitro methods, and compared with the in vivo technique. Four raw and cooked legumes (peas, black beans, white beans and "ayocote" beans) and three cereals (corn, rice and wheat) were used for this purpose. Prior to cooking, 0.6% DL methionine was added to three of the legumes. The in vitro digestibility of the samples differed according to the applied methodology. Wheat and peas, both raw and cooked, showed the greatest in vitro and in vivo digestibility; methionine addition to the beans did not modify their in vivo digestibility. Of the in vitro methods used, the Akeson and Stahmann procedure showed a direct correlation with the in vivo method (r = 0.874; P less than 0.01). PMID- 6544060 TI - [Use of chigo seed (Campsiandra comosa, Benth) in human nutrition. I. Antecedents, nutritional potential, and characteristics of the plant and seed]. AB - A review of the information in the literature in regard to the utilization of the seed of the "chigo" (Campsiandra comosa, Benth) as human food in Venezuela, is presented. The seed of the "chigo" is used as food by inhabitants in areas of the Orinoco basin. Several types of products are prepared from its flour. The nutritional potential of the seed and some of its characteristics, as well as those of the tree from which it is obtained, are also presented. Based on the carbohydrate and protein content of the seed, and on its amino acid composition, it is considered of interest to proceed with a more detailed study in order to determine its potential for human nutrition and, at the same time, analyze the processing conditions of the seed so as to increase its yield and quality as a food. PMID- 6544061 TI - [Use of chigo seed (Campsiandra comosa, Benth) in human nutrition. II. Process of non-industrial manufacture of chiga]. AB - A quantitative study of the traditional process for making "chiga" flour was performed. The "chiga" flour is obtained from the seed of the "chigo" (Campsiandra comosa, Benth) and is utilized as a human food in areas of Venezuela in the Orinoco basin, especially in the State of Apure and in the Territorio Federal Amazonas. The block diagram with the description of the traditional process is presented, together with labor and time requirement studies of the different stages of the process. The yields as well as the requirements for raw materials are also discussed. This research work was carried out to study and provide quantitative information that may allow the duplication of the process, in order to improve the efficiency and yield of the product. PMID- 6544063 TI - The use of blends of cassava flour and extruded full-fat soybeans in diets for broiler chickens. AB - A study was conducted to determine the effects of blending different levels of a low-prussic acid cassava flour with extruded full-fat soybeans in diets for growing broiler chickens. The full-fat soybeans contribute oil which increases the energy content of the diet, aids in overcoming the dusty nature of cassava, and provide high-quality protein. One-third, two-thirds, and all of the maize was replaced by cassava in diets with none, 12.5 and 25% extruded full-fat soybeans. Diets were fed in pelleted form to broiler chickens for a 47-day feeding trial. Replacement of one-third of the maize with cassava had no adverse effects on body weight gains in this study with a reduction in weight at higher levels at the conclusion of the study. Feed utilization was reduced more severely than was anticipated. However, growth rate on the higher levels of cassava was reasonably good, indicating that producers might feed these diets for a slightly longer period of time and produce chickens more economically if cassava meal were available at a cost significantly less than that of maize. PMID- 6544062 TI - [Effect of the addition of sorghum and molasses on the fermentation of bovine colostrum]. AB - In this study, ground sorghum (7.5%) and molasses (10%) were added to fresh bovine colostrum. The two mixtures and the fresh colostrum, used as control, were allowed to ferment for 21 days. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) were found by analysis of variance, comparing lactic acid production in the control fermented colostrum (0.399 g/100 ml) and molasses (0.504 g/100 ml), as well as ground sorghum fermented colostrums (0.649 g/100 ml). The lowest amino acids degradation occurred in the sorghum fermented colostrum, while the control colostrum revealed the greatest degradation. No significant differences were found by analysis of variance comparing pH, crude protein percentage, and moisture of the two treatments and of the control. It is concluded that the addition of ground sorghum to fresh bovine colostrum increases the lactic acid content post-fermentation. It also reduces the amino acids degradation, resulting in an improved product for feeding calves. PMID- 6544064 TI - [Serum levels of lithium in patients with endemic goiter]. AB - In this study, the lithium concentration in the blood sera of 85 patients with endemic goiter was evaluated. The results were compared with those obtained in 114 normal subjects. The lithium concentration in the blood sera of the patients with endemic goiter was 74.00 +/- 2.88 micrograms/dl compared with 39.00 +/- 0.19 micrograms/dl detected in normal subjects. Based on these findings, a possible explanation to the values obtained is given. PMID- 6544065 TI - [Valgization osteotomy of the tibia by the Insall method in arthritic genu varus]. PMID- 6544066 TI - ["Snapping finger" in childhood: etiopathogenesis, pathologic anatomy, therapy]. PMID- 6544067 TI - [Validity of Ilizarov's technic in corrective osteotomy of the tibia]. PMID- 6544068 TI - [Our experience with the total condylar prosthesis with posterior stability]. PMID- 6544069 TI - [In vivo experimental features of the mechanical properties of a cement antibiotic combination]. PMID- 6544070 TI - [Dynamic arthrography of the hip in childhood]. PMID- 6544071 TI - [Dwyer's procedure today]. PMID- 6544072 TI - [The role of plaster casts in the surgical treatment of scoliosis]. PMID- 6544073 TI - [Spontaneous development of congenital scoliosis in the adult]. PMID- 6544074 TI - [Compartment syndromes of the extremities]. PMID- 6544075 TI - [Popliteal cysts in young children]. PMID- 6544076 TI - [Vertebral fractures in the osteoporotic spine]. PMID- 6544077 TI - [Proximal epiphyseal detachment of the humerus]. PMID- 6544078 TI - [Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. Bloodless treatment. Review after more than 5 years]. PMID- 6544079 TI - [Galeazzi's fracture-luxation (or Monteggia's inverted injury)]. PMID- 6544080 TI - [Fractures of the femur in patients with arthroprosthesis of the hip]. PMID- 6544081 TI - [Elastic synthesis with "vibrating" Scaglietti nails in diaphyseal fractures of the tibia. Initial results]. PMID- 6544082 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the calcaneus]. PMID- 6544083 TI - [Consolidation time in fresh fractures of the leg treated by the Ilizarov method]. PMID- 6544084 TI - [Habitual posterior luxation of the shoulder (observation of a case)]. PMID- 6544085 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii]. PMID- 6544087 TI - [Invasive and non-invasive treatment of flatfoot in children]. PMID- 6544086 TI - [Subcutaneous rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii]. PMID- 6544088 TI - [Periastragalic luxations (study of 12 long-term controlled cases)]. PMID- 6544089 TI - [Treatment of pseudoarthrosis with the external Ilizarov fixator. Initial experiences]. PMID- 6544090 TI - [Post-traumatic genu valgus in metaphysial fractures of the tibia in children]. PMID- 6544091 TI - [Growth disorders of the legs in the outcome of diaphysial fractures of the tibia in children]. PMID- 6544092 TI - [Motor rehabilitation in post-traumatic paraplegics operated on for vertebral stabilization]. PMID- 6544093 TI - [Osteoblastoma of the dorsal spine (clinico-diagnostic aspects)]. PMID- 6544094 TI - [Giant cell tumors of the bones. Clinico-pathologic aspects, main indications for surgical treatment]. PMID- 6544096 TI - [Clinical contribution on congenital abnormalities of the atlas]. PMID- 6544095 TI - [Grice-Green intervention in the therapy of iatrogenic valgus flatfoot]. PMID- 6544097 TI - [Tetraplegia caused by a fracture of the odontoid process totally regressed. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6544098 TI - [Complex malformations of the pectoralis major muscle (presentation of 3 cases)]. PMID- 6544099 TI - [A rare case of epiphysiolysis in an adult patient with a subependymal astrocytoma. Etiopathogenetic considerations]. PMID- 6544100 TI - [A new variant of Sutcliffe's metaphysial dysostosis associated with Madelung's disease]. PMID- 6544101 TI - [A case of Maffucci syndrome]. PMID- 6544102 TI - [Pycnodysostosis: observations on a rare case]. PMID- 6544103 TI - [A case of aneurysmal bone cyst of the hand]. PMID- 6544104 TI - [A case of epidermoid cysts of the distal phalanx of the big toe]. PMID- 6544105 TI - [Considerations on a case of juvenile aponeurotic fibroma]. PMID- 6544106 TI - [Sacrococcygeal agenesis (presentation of 2 clinical cases)]. PMID- 6544107 TI - [Segmental stabilization of cervical spine fractures involving the cord]. PMID- 6544108 TI - [Telethermographic study in patients operated on by vertebral arthrodesis]. PMID- 6544109 TI - [Moire topography in early diagnosis of scoliosis]. PMID- 6544110 TI - [Surgical treatment of hammer toe]. PMID- 6544111 TI - [Cortical epiphysial reinsertion in the therapy of hallux valgus]. PMID- 6544112 TI - [Surgical strategy in aseptic osteonecrosis of the proximal epiphysis of the femur]. PMID- 6544113 TI - [Cortico-spongy transplant in the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans]. PMID- 6544114 TI - [Complexity and stability in the central nervous system]. PMID- 6544115 TI - Functional and chemical markers of PCNU activity. AB - A study was conducted to elucidate functional or chemical parameters that may be useful for in vivo toxicologic and pharmacokinetic analysis of PCNU. The growth inhibitory and DNA-related parameters of this agent and its serum breakdown products in murine leukemia L1210 cells were carried out in direct comparison with BCNU. In human and dog sera, the T1/2 of intact PCNU (5-12 min) was similar to BCNU (5-16 min). However, much larger T1/2 values for PCNU (140 min) and BCNU (110 min) were determined for drug incubated in dog brain homogenates. Uptake of 14C-labeled PCNU in L1210 cells was rapid, and tenfold higher than in CCRF-CEM, a human leukemia cell line naturally resistant to BCNU and PCNU. BCNU was shown to induce DNA strand damage in L1210 and to inhibit radioactive thymidine incorporation into DNA and cross-link proteins with DNA in L1210. PCNU, by comparison, only weakly inhibited thymidine incorporation and did not induce DNA strand breakage or produce DNA-protein cross-links in L1210 at reasonable concentrations. The compounds are further differentiated in fetal calf serum by the breakdown products derived from initial concentrations of intact drug that are equipotent; those of BCNU inhibit L1210 growth whereas those of PCNU do not. PCNU, which is rapidly broken down into inactive metabolites, may have a selective therapeutic advantage if infused directly to the target site. PMID- 6544116 TI - Effects of sterols on the therapeutic efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B in murine candidiasis. AB - Incorporation of amphotericin B (AMP-B) into phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) has been shown previously to decrease AMP-B toxicity while retaining the antifungal efficacy of the drug. In this report, the role of sterols in the formulation of liposomes as well as in their effectiveness in the treatment of murine candidiasis have been investigated. The presence of ergosterol or cholesterol at different lipid ratios did not augment the encapsulation efficiency of AMP-B as compared with vesicles containing phospholipids alone. There was no significant difference in the survival time of mice infected with Candida albicans treated with sterol-containing vesicles compared with those treated with sterol-free vesicles. These findings suggest that the sterol-free liposomes might be of advantage for delivering AMP-B because of its simple formulation, lack of toxicity, and ease of preparation. PMID- 6544117 TI - Inhibition of liver metastases of M 5076 tumor by liposome-entrapped adriamycin. AB - The toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of free adriamycin (AM) and AM entrapped in standardized liposomes (AM-MLV) were evaluated in normal mice and in mice bearing M 5076 murine tumor, which metastasizes to the liver after i.v. and s.c. transplants of tumor cell suspensions. Acute and chronic toxicity to AM could be reduced by drug encapsulation in liposomes. The data indicated that at approximately equitoxic doses of free AM (10 mg/kg) and AM-MLV (greater than 20 mg/kg), the increase in survival times of mice transplanted i.v. with tumor cells were 25% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, only in the AM-MLV-treated mice were long-term survivors observed. In contrast AM-MLV were equally effective as free AM in mice transplanted s.c. with tumor cell suspensions. AM-MLV, however, were more effective than free AM against liver metastases in mice bearing s.c. tumor, indicating differential antitumor activities against the same tumor type growing at different locations in the same animals. PMID- 6544118 TI - Liposomal methotrexate in the treatment of murine L1210 leukemia. AB - To assess the therapeutic effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX) when administered in a liposome carrier, mice bearing intracranial L1210 leukemia were tested with liposomal MTX, free MTX, or saline. Single i.p. injections of liposomal MTX at doses of 5 mg/kg and 2.5 mg/kg prolonged survival of mice bearing intracranial L1210 leukemia. The same doses of the free drug did not prolong survival of the tumor-bearing mice. This system may have clinical application not only for MTX, but also other polar anticancer agents in the treatment for central nervous system malignancy. PMID- 6544119 TI - Intraarterial cis-platinum chemotherapy for patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors. AB - A total of 49 patients were treated using intraarterial cis-platinum infusions at a dose of 100 mg/m2. The patients were separated into three groups. There were 13 patients with metastatic tumors, 10 with recurrent malignant gliomas, and 22 patients with high-grade gliomas who received intraarterial cis-platinum as part of an adjuvant program. In addition, four nongliomatous primary brain tumors were treated in this fashion. Cis-platinum was filtered immediately prior to intraarterial infusion using a 0.22-micron filter. Response to treatment was evaluated by follow-up CAT scans and neurologic examinations. There were three complete and eight partial responses in metastatic tumors, and eight partial responses in recurrent gliomas. The median survival was 19 weeks for patients with metastatic disease, and 16 weeks for patients with recurrent gliomas. Those high-grade glioma patients who received intraarterial cis-platinum as adjuvant chemotherapy along with CCNU and radiation therapy had a projected median survival of 91+ weeks. Toxicity from intraarterial cis-platinum following drug filtration was markedly reduced when compared with previous reports. Only five patients experiencing visual or central nervous system toxicity utilizing filtered cis-platinum and no radiographic or histopathologic evidence of central nervous system toxicity was observed. Bilateral deafness was observed following vertebral artery infusion in both patients treated in this manner and thus vertebral artery infusions should be avoided. Systemic toxicity was mild. Intracarotid infusion is a safe, well-tolerated delivery system for filtered cis platinum with a high response rate for patients with both metastatic and primary malignant brain tumors. PMID- 6544120 TI - 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-phospholipid conjugates as prodrugs of Ara-C. AB - The L-, D-, and D,L-isomers of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate 1,2-dipalmitin, new prodrugs of ara-C5, have been evaluated for antitumor activity in L1210 lymphoid leukemic mice. The L-isomer produced significant increase in life span (ILS), and longterm survivors among mice bearing i.p. and i.c. implanted L1210 leukemia and the maximal ILS values found were greater than 543 and greater than 374% with five and four 45-day survivors out of six mice, respectively, at the optimal single doses of 300 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg. The D- and D,L-isomers also displayed significant in vivo antitumor activity against both i.p. and i.c. implanted L1210 leukemia in mice with ILS range of 144-293% at a total dose of 125-250 mg/kg. Significant schedule dependency was not observed when the conjugates were administered i.p. once daily for 5 days, once every 4 days, or as a single dose, but single doses typically produced the best effects. The L-isomer was found to be a more effective prodrug of ara-C than its isomers and other lipophilic prodrugs, 5'-O-palmitoyl-ara-C and N4-acyl-ara-C. Unlike the latter prodrugs, the new conjugates are water soluble by sonication method. PMID- 6544121 TI - Cytotoxic activity of echinomycin in a human tumor cloning system. AB - A human tumor cloning system was utilized to screen for in vitro antitumor effects of the investigational anticancer agent Echinomycin. Tumors from 562 patients (24 different histological tumor types) were placed in culture. Two hundred fifty-five specimens were evaluable for drug sensitivity information (i.e., greater than or equal to 20 colonies in control plates). The overall in vitro response rates (defined as less than 50% survival of tumor colony-forming units) at three different doses of Echinomycin (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 micrograms/ml) were between 16% and 19%. Echinomycin showed minor in vitro cytotoxic activity in breast and colon cancer, and in sarcoma. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of phase-II clinical trials, as they become available, will help to evaluate the utility of the human tumor cloning system for predicting clinical antitumor activity of new antineoplastics. PMID- 6544122 TI - Hepatic artery infusion: surgical approach. AB - Hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy for the treatment of nonresectable liver cancer is gaining popularity among the medical community. A lack of knowledge of the variants in the anatomy of the arterial blood supply to the liver may lead to inadequate hepatic perfusion, or inadvertent perfusion of extrahepatic organs. A review of 70 hepatic artery angiograms on patients referred to the liver program at the Creighton Cancer Center was performed to integrate angiographic findings, surgical techniques, and clinical decision making. PMID- 6544123 TI - Phase-I trial of intracarotid BCNU and cisplatin in patients with malignant intracerebral tumors. AB - Eighteen patients with progressive or recurrent intracerebral malignant neoplasms after cranial radiation therapy were entered in a phase-I trial of intracarotid bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) and cisplatin. Thirty-six courses of varying doses of BCNU and cisplatin were infused intraarterially via a percutaneous, trasfemoral approach. Courses were repeated every 4-6 weeks upon patients' recovery from toxicity. Intraarterial cisplatin or BCNU alone was administered if the blood counts were still subnormal. CT scans and neurologic examinations were performed monthly. Major toxic effects included ipsilateral retinal (amaurosis) in 4 patients and neurologic toxicity in 2 patients (minor focal seizure, reversible obtundation in one patient, and transient hemiparesis in one patient). One patient was infused by a catheter inserted into the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and had no further visual deterioration and no major side effects. Tumor regression was observed in patients previously treated with radiation and/or systemic chemotherapy, including 4 of 9 who had recurrent malignant gliomas, and 2 of 9 who had metastatic tumors. Recommended dose for phase-II trials is BCNU 100 mg/m2 and cisplatin 60 mg/m2 every 4-6 weeks. Retinal and neurologic toxicity are possible side effects. PMID- 6544124 TI - Phase-I study of protracted infusion of cisplatin. AB - A continuous infusion schedule for cisplatin employing a portable infusion pump was studied in a phase-I trial designed to establish an optimal daily dose rate to deliver drug for protracted periods (up to 30 days). Fifteen trials were carried out in 14 patients at daily dose rates of 5, 6.5, 7.5, and 10.0 mg/M2 X day. The median duration of therapy at the respective doses was 21, 17, 8, and 7 days. Dose-limiting toxicity was recalcitrant and protracted nausea was observed in all patients receiving greater than 5 mg/M2 X day. One patient did develop mild thrombocytopenia (98,000) at day 35. Renal failure was relatively minor considering the absence of a concomitantly delivered hydration regimen but 3 patients did develop a transient rise in serum creatinine, 2 of whom had a solitary kidney or partial urinary tract obstruction. No patient developed renal failure at 5 mg/M2 X day. At the recommended dose of 5 mg/M2 X day, the cumulative dose of cisplatin delivered by a protracted infusion schedule is comparable to the intermittent high-dose regimen with less adverse drug complications. PMID- 6544125 TI - Delivery of ricin and abrin A-chains to human carcinoma cells in culture following covalent linkage to monoclonal antibody LICR-LOND-Fib 75. AB - With the object of generating specific cytotoxic agents, we have prepared covalent conjugates of the A-chains of ricin and of abrin with monoclonal antibody LICR-LOND-Fib 75 and investigated their toxicity toward a human tumor cell line in culture. Both conjugates proved to be potent cytotoxins toward cells carrying the appropriate antigen. The agent containing abrin A-chain was toxic at a significantly lower concentration and exerted its maximum effect more rapidly than the one containing ricin A-chain. Inclusion of chloroquine in the incubation medium significantly enhanced the toxic action of both conjugates without loss of immunospecificity. Because of the widespread occurrence on human tumor cell lines of the antigen recognized by Fib 75, these conjugates, particularly the one containing abrin A-chain, may find application in freeing human bone marrow ex vivo of infiltrated tumor cells prior to reinfusion as an autograft. PMID- 6544126 TI - Selective therapy of metastasis. I. Quantitation of tumorigenic circulating and covert cancer cells disseminated from metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors. AB - To determine the potential efficacy of therapeutic agents and different drug delivery systems against metastases, it is necessary to develop methodologies that can assay the effects of treatment at each step of the metastatic process. This report presents quantitative studies on the total numbers and potential tumorigenicity of cancer cells in the circulation and also secondarily arrested in the lungs of mice following their spontaneous dissemination from methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas. MC1 fibrosarcomas rarely metastasize but MC2 fibrosarcomas frequently generate pulmonary metastases and it was found, using a combination of direct cancer cell isolation techniques and quantitative bioassays, that MC2 tumors released cancer cells into the bloodstream earlier and with greater frequency than MC1 fibrosarcomas. Also, although similar doses of radiolabeled MC1 and MC2 cells injected intravenously were cleared equally effectively following their arrest in the lung microvasculature, those MC2 cells that survived clearance processes had 10-fold greater lung colonization potential than MC1 cells. Therefore, these experimental systems can be used critically to evaluate the effects of therapeutic agents at individual stages of metastasis as an alternative to measuring their effects solely on solid tumors or the final incidence of metastases, which represents the net result of a number of sequential, complex interactions between cancer cells and the host. PMID- 6544127 TI - Importance of clinical exposure on verapamil enhancement of adriamycin vincristine cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma. AB - A review of the effects of Ca2+ channel blockers on vincristine and adriamycin cytotoxic activity revealed the majority of the studies to be centered on murine leukemia or human tumors of adults. We investigated the effects of verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, on human neuroblastoma cells as a representative tumor of childhood. By choosing a cell line derived from a patient previously treated with vincristine but not adriamycin, we attempted to evaluate whether previous clinical exposure to a specific drug could influence the verapamil enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of that drug. PMID- 6544129 TI - Combination intracavitary chemotherapy for malignant pleural disease. AB - Seven previously heavily pretreated patients with malignant pleural disease and effusions were treated with 12 courses of combination intrapleural chemotherapy with cisplatin, cytarabine, and doxorubicin. Two patients with ovarian cancer metastatic to the pleura demonstrated dramatic clinical improvement following therapy. Local pain, nephrotoxicity, or bone marrow suppression were not observed during this trial. Further investigation of intrapleural therapy utilizing an escalated dose of cytarabine is warranted. PMID- 6544128 TI - Phase-I study of continuous infusion cyclophosphamide for protracted durations: a preliminary report. AB - The continuous infusion of cyclophosphamide with an ambulatory infusion pump was employed in 13 patients to establish the optimal daily dose rate for permitting prolonged treatment intervals. Four dose rates were studied: 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/M2 X day and the median duration of therapy was 39, 13, 20, and 28 days, respectively, with a range of 10-50 days. Dose-limiting toxicity was observed in 4 of 13 patients manifested exclusively as thrombocytopenia. No other drug related untoward effects were observed and no therapeutic effects were noted. The cumulative cyclophosphamide dose for 3 weeks of continuous infusion is comparable to that achieved by bolus schedules. Drug toxicity, however, is substantially altered with the infusion schedule. For good-risk patients, the recommended daily infusion rate for cyclophosphamide is 100 mg/M2 X day. PMID- 6544130 TI - Symposium on pediatric cardiac imaging. PMID- 6544131 TI - Angled angiography. General approach and findings. AB - Axial cineangiography involves precise and consistent techniques in film exposure and development techniques that place the pathologic specimen at a right angle to the x-ray beam. The authors discuss the techniques of generating each view and the best approach for imaging various specific lesions. PMID- 6544132 TI - Axial angiocardiography in the critically ill infant. Indications and contraindications. AB - Axial projections provide a new and important dimension to cardiac angiography. These techniques, however, must not be used blindly. There are several contraindications to their use as an initial approach, for example, the distortion of the usual spatial relationships between ventricles. But these projections are well suited for imaging the atrial septum, atrioventricular septal defects, anomalies of the atrioventricular junction, and other diseases. PMID- 6544133 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of cardiocirculatory performance at rest and with exercise. AB - The author discusses the types of radionuclide studies performed, analyzes the methods of evaluating left and right ventricular ejection fraction and volumes, reviews methods for calculating regurgitant valvular lesions, examines the effects of exercise and diseases on cardiac dynamics, and relates cardiac and pulmonary dynamics during disease conditions and forms of stress. PMID- 6544134 TI - Computed tomography. The technique and its use for the evaluation of cardiocirculatory anatomy and function. AB - Computed tomography, a promising new imaging technique, has not yet been widely applied to cardiac disease. There is, furthermore, very little experience with CT scanning for patients with congenital cardiovascular malformations. Nevertheless, early studies with this remarkable modality indicate great promise for future application at low levels of radiation--approximately 10 to 15 per cent that of a conventional angiogram. The feasibility studies so far performed should be considered in that context. Nevertheless, relatively slow, whole body CT scanners can contribute useful clinical diagnostic information in patients with heart disease. Cardiac CT scanning is presently limited, as were all other conventional x-ray techniques at first, by relatively long exposure times. CT scan technology has made dramatic strides during its short existence of one decade, and there is strong evidence that this trend will continue in conjunction with rapid advances in high technology. PMID- 6544135 TI - An ultrasonic approach to the diagnosis of cardiac situs, connections, and malpositions. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography of cardiac situs, connections, and malpositions from a variety of planes is discussed. PMID- 6544136 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac performance. AB - In this article, the authors define the role of each echocardiographic method in the evaluation of cardiac performance. PMID- 6544137 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The potential for cardiac evaluation of the pediatric patient. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging can noninvasively depict the heart's anatomy and wall motion in either two-dimensional or three-dimensional display. It can also measure flow and oxygen content in the cardiac chambers. Because of these abilities, NMR imaging is the ideal instrument for evaluating children with heart disease. In this article, the technology of NMR imaging and its application to cardiology are summarized. PMID- 6544138 TI - Cardiovascular imaging with nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - This article provides some examples of what the previous article outlined. The sections on Image Display and Myocardial Characterization contain numerous illustrations of gating, cross-sectional images, flow signals, and ischemic injury. The possibility of metabolic imaging with NMR and quantitating blood flow is also considered. PMID- 6544139 TI - Symposium on chest radiography for the cardiologist. PMID- 6544140 TI - Pulmonary vascularity on the plain chest radiograph. AB - The most important factor in the interpretation of any heart lesion is the radiographic appearance of the pulmonary vessels (vascularity) and lung parenchyma. The author discusses several abnormalities; he focuses particularly on pulmonary venous hypertension. PMID- 6544141 TI - Cardiac fluoroscopy. AB - The two basic radiologic approaches to heart disease are roentgenography and fluoroscopy. The purpose of this article is to examine the usefulness and limitations of cardiac fluoroscopy in order to put it into proper perspective. PMID- 6544142 TI - Chest radiography and cardiac fluoroscopy in coronary artery disease. AB - Recent studies suggest a new and important role for the chest film and cardiac fluoroscopy in the assessment of coronary artery disease. The detection of coronary artery calcification and the radiographic appearance of myocardial infarction are just two of the topics thoroughly described in this article. PMID- 6544143 TI - Radiography of diseases involving the aortic valve and thoracic aorta. AB - This article presents the plain radiographic findings in a variety of conditions that affect the aortic valve and thoracic aorta. For many of the lesions presented in this article, the diagnosis can readily be made by using digital subtraction angiography, computed tomography, and echocardiography. The use of these modalities in conjunction with the chest radiographic findings is emphasized. PMID- 6544144 TI - Plain chest radiography of congenital heart disease in adults. AB - The plain chest radiograph can be an invaluable aid in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease in adults. Evaluation of the chest radiograph is made simpler and more accurate by the use of a systematic approach based on physiology. In many instances, a definitive diagnosis can be made; in others, only a differential diagnosis can be arrived at. The majority of adults with congenital heart disease will have some telltale abnormality on the chest radiograph that will occasionally furnish the first clue to the presence of a congenital anomaly. PMID- 6544145 TI - The ICU chest film. Cardiopulmonary monitoring and assist devices. AB - Numerous catheters, tubes, and other devices have been designed in recent years to facilitate monitoring and assistance of cardiopulmonary physiology in the intensive care patient. These devices have resulted in major improvements in care of the critically ill but at the same time have introduced a new group of iatrogenic complications. Some of these are relatively benign, but others are serious and may result in significant morbidity or mortality if not recognized and treated promptly. Many of the more serious complications can be detected by radiographic examination and, indeed, may be nearly impossible to detect clinically. Hence, a careful, systematic review of the chest radiograph with special attention to the potential complications noted above is mandatory in this setting. PMID- 6544147 TI - Symposium on cardiovascular emergencies. PMID- 6544146 TI - The ICU chest film: cardiac versus pulmonary disease. AB - We have discussed several diseases that diffusely affect the pulmonary parenchyma. The diagnostic problem is to separate cardiac pulmonary edema from noncardiac pulmonary edema, diffuse interstitial fibrosis, and lymphangitic spread of carcinoma. Frequently, this may not be possible by radiographic means alone, and additional historic and physiologic information must be obtained. It is also important to know that cardiac pulmonary edema may present in a focal or regional distribution in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several additional radiographic tests may be used to evaluate abnormal pulmonary parenchymal densities seen on the portable chest radiograph, when the differential diagnosis includes increased extravascular water, pneumonia, and pulmonary fibrosis. The easiest of these tests to perform is the gravitational shift test. PMID- 6544148 TI - Pulmonary embolism. AB - It is estimated that 600,000 or more symptomatic episodes of pulmonary embolism occur each year in the United States, and this diagnosis is one that may often be missed. This article provides an appraisal of currently used diagnostic procedures, including laboratory tests, arterial oxygen tension, chest radiography, electrocardiography, lung scanning, and selective pulmonary angiography, and examines the available therapeutic options and their indications. PMID- 6544149 TI - Symposium on clinical exercise testing. PMID- 6544150 TI - Symposium on clinical exercise testing. Introduction and overview. PMID- 6544151 TI - Lead systems: sensitivity and specificity. AB - In this article, the modified 12-lead system and the bipolar lead systems are discussed, both of which may provide adequate sensitivity and specificity of stress tests for clinical purposes. A single lead V5 or, preferably, bipolar modification of lead V5 may be adequate in certain situations in which cost or the type of population being tested legitimizes such a choice. However, the modified 12-lead system is far more popular for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with ischemic heart disease. The final choice of lead system for monitoring stress tests will ultimately depend on the needs and resources of a given laboratory. PMID- 6544153 TI - Physiologic signs and symptoms: contribution to the interpretation of the exercise test. AB - Evaluation of the physiologic responses to exercise can greatly enhance the information gained by consideration of the electrocardiogram alone. Interpretation of chest pain patterns, blood pressure and heart rate responses, and changing physical examinations is essential for complete interpretation of the exercise stress test. PMID- 6544152 TI - Exercise-induced S-T segment alterations. AB - The S-T segment response remains the most important exercise variable. In this article, the four types of abnormalities that can occur are reviewed, and there is a discussion of the diagnosticity and predictive value for future coronary events when such abnormalities occur. Finally, there is a discussion of perhaps the most important use of exercise testing--estimating the extent of disease. PMID- 6544154 TI - Predischarge post-myocardial infarction testing: exercise electrocardiography. AB - In the proper setting, exercise testing early after myocardial infarction has proved to be safe. Studied continue to try to answer how reliably the results can predict outcome or correctly indicate therapy. PMID- 6544156 TI - [Immunologic and allergic phenomena of the eye]. PMID- 6544155 TI - Pulmonary exercise testing. AB - Pulmonary exercise testing can help define the specific cause of exercise-related symptoms. A knowledge of basic respiratory physiology and static pulmonary function studies is necessary to understand and interpret these tests. PMID- 6544157 TI - [How can we see more clearly when confronted with the problem of recurrent conjunctivitis: how can we recognize those proceeding from an allergic etiology?]. PMID- 6544158 TI - [Isolated conjunctivitis]. PMID- 6544159 TI - [Allergic blepharoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 6544160 TI - [Allergic uveitis]. PMID- 6544161 TI - [Immunity and hypersensitivity in ocular toxoplasmosis. Theoretical bases]. PMID- 6544163 TI - [Conjunctival allergy to green coffee]. PMID- 6544162 TI - [Influence of the treatment on humoral immunity in toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6544164 TI - [Ocular allergy in agriculture. Etiologic review]. PMID- 6544165 TI - [Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Study of a case]. PMID- 6544166 TI - [Indications and limitations of the prism treatment in paralysis of the 3d cranial nerve]. PMID- 6544167 TI - [Ophthalmoplegia plus (Kearns-Sayre syndrome). Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6544169 TI - [An unusual case of corneal proliferative epitheliopathy]. PMID- 6544168 TI - [Vitrectomy in Terson's syndrome]. PMID- 6544170 TI - [Corneal cysts]. PMID- 6544171 TI - [Corneal edema caused by unknown glass foreign bodies]. PMID- 6544172 TI - [Artificial lenses and Fuchs' syndrome]. PMID- 6544173 TI - [2 new cases of familial keratoconus]. PMID- 6544174 TI - [A peculiar aspect of ocular traumatology in Champagne]. PMID- 6544175 TI - [Whitaker's syndrome. Study in 2 brothers]. PMID- 6544176 TI - [Bilateral retinal detachment in the aphakic patient]. PMID- 6544177 TI - [Value of immunosuppressive agents in corneal diseases]. PMID- 6544179 TI - The unexamined life... PMID- 6544178 TI - [Round table: Surgical treatment of strabismus, oculomotor paralysis and nystagmus]. PMID- 6544181 TI - Academic gerontology--or the aging of academicians. PMID- 6544182 TI - De morte medicinae. PMID- 6544180 TI - A reevaluation of informed consent in the elderly: a method for improving comprehension through direct testing. PMID- 6544183 TI - Purification and characterization of the ninth component of rabbit complement. AB - A method of purification of C9 from rabbit serum is described. The three-step procedure, consisting of anion exchange chromatography, gel-filtration and isoelectric focusing yielded a homogeneous, single band protein as judged by SDS PAGE. With regard to its physicochemical properties, rabbit C9 resembled C9 purified from human or guinea-pig serum. PMID- 6544184 TI - C4-binding protein in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed essential cryoglobulinemia. AB - C4-binding protein (C4BP) concentration was measured in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (59) and mixed essential cryoglobulinemia (MEC) (6). The mean concentration of C4BP was not significantly different from the normal controls in both groups of patients; 1 patient with MEC and 11 patients with SLE had concentrations below the normal range. In addition there was no significant correlation between C4BP and C3, C4 or factor B concentrations in patients with SLE. These results suggest that C4BP is not consumed in these two diseases where strong activation of the classical pathway is known to occur in vivo. In addition, the significantly increased C4BP/C4 ratio, evident in both groups of patients, may provide a protective mechanism against C3 conversion by the classical pathway. PMID- 6544185 TI - 'Inactivated' third component of complement (C3b-like C3; C3i) acquires C5 binding capacity and supports C5 activation upon covalent fixation to a solid surface. AB - The haemolytic activity of human C3 was destroyed by freezing and thawing or by treatment with methylamine. This partially denatured C3 (C3i) was coupled to activated Thiol-Sepharose via its single SH group. The fixed C3i was capable of reversibly binding C5 and of supporting C5 cleavage in the presence of factors B and D. Soluble C3i lacked these properties. C3i was also fixed to sheep red cells which had been supplied with activated thiol groups by treatment with N succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate. The E-C3i thus obtained were lysed by factors B, D and late complement components C5-C9. The experiments demonstrate that upon fixation, C3i becomes C3b-like in functional activity directed to C5 utilization. PMID- 6544186 TI - Quantification of large C3 fragments as an index of complement activation in mice. I. In vitro studies. AB - This paper describes a method which enables one to evaluate the mouse C3 activation. It is based on differences of solubility of native and activated C3 molecules in polyethylene glycol. The apparent molecular weights of C3 molecules detected were found to be about 230-240 kilodaltons for native C3 and 210 and 220 kilodaltons, respectively, for the two 'activated' C3 molecules. In vitro studies showed the specificity and the sensitivity of this evaluation. PMID- 6544187 TI - Effects of K-76 monocarboxylic acid, an anticomplementary agent, on various in vivo immunological reactions and on experimental glomerulonephritis. AB - K-76 monocarboxylic acid (K-76 COOH) caused rapid reduction in hemolytic activities of complement and some of its components, especially C5, when injected into guinea pigs or rats. K-76 COOH suppressed Forssman shock in guinea pigs and mice and heterologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. It also reduced the amount of protein excreted in the urine of rats with nephrotoxic nephritis and greatly prolonged the survival of (NZB X NZW) F1 female mice with a spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease. The glomeruli of mice treated with K-76 COOH retained almost the normal histological appearance even at 1 year of age. K-76 COOH-treated mice became less sensitive to the infection of Escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, or Streptococcus pneumoniae, probably by enhancement of phagocytosis due to inhibition of factor I. K-76 COOH did not have any significant effect on a delayed-type contact skin reaction in mice, or on experimental allergic encephalitis in guinea pigs. PMID- 6544188 TI - Distributions and recoveries of complement components during cold ethanol fractionation of human plasma. AB - The distributions and recoveries of the hemolytic activities and quantities of protein of complement components during cold ethanol fractionation were studied. Most of the components were recovered in Cohn's fraction III, with slight activities in fractions I and IV. The hemolytic activities of C1 and C5 were recovered in high yields in fraction III. The recoveries of activities of late components of complement (C6-C9) in fraction II + III were also high. These results suggest that many complement components can be isolated from Cohn's ethanol fractions. PMID- 6544189 TI - Purification of functional subunits of the eighth component of human complement (C8) under nondenaturing conditions. AB - A simple procedure is described for purifying the noncovalently associated alpha gamma and beta subunits of human C8 in the absence of denaturants and in yields significantly higher than previously obtainable. The procedure utilizes either conventional or high-pressure molecular sieve chromatography in the presence of 1.5 M NaCl. This ionic strength promotes dissociation of alpha-gamma from beta and facilitates their physical separation under mild conditions. Yields are typically 60-75% and, as judged by several criteria, each subunit is functionally identical to those isolated by earlier methods using sodium dodecyl sulfate. This new procedure eliminates the need for this detergent and thereby avoids the major solubility and yield problems encountered during its removal. PMID- 6544191 TI - Morphometry of corneal endothelium. PMID- 6544190 TI - Prelytic reduction of high-energy phosphates induced by antibody and complement in nucleated cells. 31P-NMR study. AB - Using 31P-NMR spectroscopy, we have investigated possible involvement of metabolic processes in the lysis of nucleated cells induced by low levels of antibody to cell surface antigens and complement. Within 10 min of antibody plus complement attack, before onset of overt lysis, we have observed a marked, selective reduction in the intracellular content of phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). A longer attack is accompanied by total depletion of either phosphocreatine or ATP in residual cells which preserved other phosphate compounds. The results indicate that in nucleated cells formation of putative complement-dependent membrane channels induces exhaustive hydrolysis of ATP. It is suggested that ATP deprivation could in turn lead to colloid-osmotic swelling, membrane rupture, and cell death. PMID- 6544192 TI - 1984 Castroviejo lecture. Fine structure of the corneal stroma. PMID- 6544193 TI - A review of the treatment of ocular herpes simplex infections in the neonate and immunocompromised host. AB - Infection of newborns and immunocompromised hosts with herpes simplex virus appears to be no more common than in the normal adult. However, the disease tends to be more difficult to treat in the newborn because of poor patient compliance, delay in the diagnosis, and the tendency for retinal disease to occur. The disease is more difficult to treat in the immunocompromised host because of the necessity for maintenance of immunosuppression. Initial treatment is usually the same as used for adults unless intraocular infection occurs. Early diagnosis and treatment in the newborn can prevent corneal opacification and amblyopia, whereas ocular disease in the immunocompromised host may be an insignificant problem compared with infection elsewhere in the host's body. PMID- 6544194 TI - The effects of citrate on fMLP-induced polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulation and locomotion. AB - Citrate reduces the incidence of corneal ulceration and perforation in alkali burned eyes and prevents polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) accumulation in certain inflamed ocular tissues. Chelation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by citrate appears to be the mechanism causing strong inhibition of in vitro PMN stimulation by opsonized zymosan. It is important to know if other activating agents of PMNs, with differing sensitivity to divalent cations, are inhibited by citrate. Citrate (12 mM) partially inhibits fMLP stimulation of the respiratory burst (50%) and degranulation (65%) of PMNs in a divalent cation free media, while having no effect or only a small effect in the presence of 1 mm Ca2+. Citrate also caused significant inhibition of fMLP (12 mM = 50%) induced locomotion of PMN when incubated in media containing 500 microM Ca2+ and 600 microM Mg2+ in a modified Boyden chamber. When used together, Ca2+ (6 mM) and Mg2+ (6 mM) reduced this inhibition to only 20%. Citrate apparently inhibits fMLP-induced stimulation in cation free media by chelating CA2+ effluxed from intracellular storage sites. In the chemotactic studies, citrate probably chelates extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+. The divalent cation requirements of the activating agents and/or the PMN function may determine the degree of inhibition by citrate. It is therefore important to identify the mediators in alkali burned corneas as well as other inflammatory conditions. PMID- 6544195 TI - Myopic hydrogel keratophakia: preliminary report. AB - Myopic hydrogen keratophakia offers several potential advantages over existing forms of corneal refractive surgery. Because no tissue lathing is required, neither donor tissue nor complex lathing equipment is necessary. Theoretically, hydrogen lens implants with precisely determined and verifiable parameters can be obtained in limitless supply. The surgical effect can be either modified or reversed, if clinically indicated. In this preliminary report, myopic hydrogel implants, with powers between -5 diopters and -20 diopters, were placed in nonhuman primate corneas. Corneascopic analysis showed significant flattening in all instances, and about 70% of the anticipated correction was actually observed. Operative complications were infrequent and generally resulted from traumatic wound dehiscence. Myopic hydrogel keratophakia has tremendous clinical potential, but requires further experimental testing as to safety and efficacy. PMID- 6544197 TI - Clinical inefficacy of tobramycin and gentamicin sulfate in the treatment of ocular infections. PMID- 6544196 TI - Blood staining of the cornea: a histopathologic analysis of 16 cases. AB - Sixteen eyes with corneal blood staining were examined by light microscopy. Two corneal buttons were also studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. By light microscopy, most eyes disclosed hyphema, angle closure glaucoma, and endothelial attenuation with marked corneal edema. Extra- and intracellular hemoglobin particles as well as intracellular hemosiderin were found mostly in the central cornea. Frequently we observed a gradient of hemoglobin degradation from the posterior to the anterior corneal stroma with extracellular hemoglobin particles being more concentrated posteriorly while hemosiderin-laden keratocytes predominated anteriorly. By electron microscopy, moderately electron-dense, amorphous material consistent with hemoglobin was found extracellularly as well as incorporated into stromal keratocytes, while highly electron-dense, membrane-bound granules, consistent with hemosiderin, were found intracellularly. There was marked necrosis of keratocytes, mainly those that were overloaded with hemoglobin. We conclude that hemoglobin diffuses into the corneal stroma across an intact Descemet's membrane. Continuous overload with hemoglobin leads to necrosis of keratocytes and irreversible corneal blood staining. PMID- 6544199 TI - [Technics and results of lymph node transplantation in experimental malignant tumors]. PMID- 6544198 TI - Differential efficacy of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of sports injuries. AB - Twenty-eight patients presenting with sports injuries were randomly allocated to receive either 200 mg sulindac twice daily or 400 mg ibuprofen 3-times daily. Pain symptoms (day and night ratings) and observer assessment of pain on movement, swelling and tenderness were recorded pre-treatment and after 3 and 7 days of therapy. One patient in the sulindac group was excluded from the study because initial symptoms were mild. Response, in terms of decrease in scores, was better in those receiving sulindac than in those given ibuprofen at both 3 and 7 days for the parameters of pain during the day (p less than 0.05 at 7 days) and pain on movement (p less than 0.05 at 3 days). Patient assessment of treatment at 3 and 7 days was significantly better in the sulindac group than in the ibuprofen group (p less than 0.025). The only reported side-effect was gastro-intestinal upset in a patient in the ibuprofen group. The results suggest that sulindac is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for the symptoms associated with sprain and strain injuries. PMID- 6544200 TI - [X-ray computed tomography (CT) findings in carcinoma of Vater's papilla: diagnostic-clinical study]. PMID- 6544201 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6544202 TI - [Therapeutic effect of beta-methyl digoxin in 138 cases of chronic heart failure]. PMID- 6544203 TI - [Hemodynamic effects and clinical observations on prazosin in treating chronic refractory congestive heart failure]. PMID- 6544204 TI - [Nitroprusside in the treatment of severe heart failure]. PMID- 6544206 TI - [Serum concentration of digoxin in patients with congestive heart failure after intravenous furosemide]. PMID- 6544205 TI - [Combined medication of nitroprusside and dopamine or dobutamine in acute heart failure]. PMID- 6544207 TI - [Highlights from a symposium on the treatment of heart failure]. PMID- 6544208 TI - [A comparative study of the incidence of hypertension among farmers in salt tea and non-salt tea areas]. PMID- 6544209 TI - [Clinical observations on sustained arrhythmias treated with dauricine]. PMID- 6544210 TI - [Differentiation of ventricular tachycardia from supraventricular tachycardia by the His bundle electrogram in 10 patients]. PMID- 6544211 TI - [A short-term clinical observation during the treatment of essential hypertension by atenolol composite tablets]. PMID- 6544212 TI - [Magnesium salts in preventing and treating digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 6544213 TI - [Measurement of digoxin concentration on the RBC membrane and its clinical application]. PMID- 6544214 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta: radiologic study of 30 cases]. PMID- 6544215 TI - [Ascending aorta-abdominal aorta bypass graft in the treatment of constrictive aortitis (a case report)]. PMID- 6544216 TI - [Use of the SAM H/LVOTD ratio of M-moe UCG in the evaluation of left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6544217 TI - [Changes in plethysmography, cardiomechanography, blood gases and acid-base equilibrium in mountain sickness patients]. PMID- 6544218 TI - [Pharmacokinetic observations and clinical significance of digoxin in the healthy human]. PMID- 6544219 TI - [Evaluation of the radioimmunoassay of digoxin in the saliva]. PMID- 6544220 TI - [Study of the isolated fetal mouse heart in organ culture]. PMID- 6544221 TI - [An electrophysiological study of early ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial ischemia--mechanism of ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 6544222 TI - Training for nutritional wisdom. A challenge to academic education. PMID- 6544223 TI - Introducing nutrition into agricultural training. Africa: new lessons for the teachers. PMID- 6544224 TI - Management training for group feeding. PMID- 6544226 TI - Making materials which help spell success. PMID- 6544225 TI - Food protection in India. PMID- 6544227 TI - [Microclimate and duration of work tolerance in hothouse for cultivation of tropical plants]. AB - The AA. starting from the environmental values carried out in a greenhouse for tropical plants investigate the possibility of prevent the risk of thermal stress at standardized energetic expenditures by means of the measurement of a few microclimatic parameters; they elaborate also a nomogram proper to calculate the safe exposure times for works under unfavourable thermal conditions. PMID- 6544228 TI - [Determination of magnesium, copper and zinc in biological samples using plasma emission spectrophotometry]. AB - Preparation methods and analytical techniques are described for determination of Zn, Mg and Cu in biological samples (plasma, urine) of non exposed and apparently healthy subjects, using plasma emission spectrometry. Particularly emphasized are advantages of this technique: the simple an fast preparation of samples and the easy execution of analysis. PMID- 6544229 TI - [Professional ethics and occupational medicine]. AB - The function of the industrial physician have been suggested in many documents elaborated for this purpose by OMS, BIT, CEE. The fundamental aim of the industrial physician is to protect workers health against any damage occurring from work or from conditions of working. This required him specific duties and responsibilities towards workers and industry, therefore his professional relationships are differentiate, beyond some aspects, from those of the other doctors. However each of his action must be full of fundamental ethic rules of the medical deontology without neglecting those rules of conducts which are properly of his precise activity. PMID- 6544230 TI - [Various psychological parameters in subjects occupationally exposed to radiofrequencies]. AB - Because of increasing interest for electromagnetic fields biological effects we examined possible effects on behaviour produced by prolonged exposition to radiofrequencies on some wood industry workers. The results of psychological tests seem to prove a significant difference between exposed and control groups in the answers concerning social relations and anxiety. However these results have to be confirmed by other and more complete studies. PMID- 6544231 TI - A genetic study of hypoalphalipoproteinemia. AB - Complex segregation analysis under the unified mixed model of inheritance (major gene and multifactorial) is performed on families ascertained through 23 probands with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (depressed HDL-cholesterol, denoted HDL-c). Evidence for segregation of a recessive major gene for depressed HDL-c with frequency q = 0.116, in addition to multifactorial transmission (H = 0.572), is found in these families. Reanalysis of a subset of families with severely depressed HDL-c confirms the conclusions based on the original analysis, except that different definitions of "affection" give rise to different estimates of gene frequency. Our finding of a recessive mode of inheritance differs from previous claims for a dominant gene because previous analyses did not use a mixed model for segregation analysis of hypoalphalipoproteinemia. When the significant multifactorial background is neglected, we also find evidence for the invalid claim of a dominant gene. This demonstrates the necessity of using mixed models for determining the mode of inheritance of a given phenotype. PMID- 6544232 TI - Aggregation of colon cancer in family data. AB - Although only a small proportion of common cancers show familial aggregation, studying such families can elucidate the roles of shared environment and genes in the development of neoplasia. We report an analysis of nine colon cancer pedigrees using new nonparametric objective methods to measure familial aggregation as a means of determining the existence of heterogeneity in the data. Each family was selected through a proband with nonpolyposis colon cancer who had a first-degree relative with documented colon cancer. To assess the aggregation of different cancers in these families we employ a method which evaluates both excess number of cases as well as distribution by risk in family members. We find that eight of the nine families exhibit significant aggregation of colon cancer: endometrial cancer aggregates in three families, breast in none, kidney in one, and all sites in eight. In this way, we show that two families fit the criteria for Cancer Family Syndrome, and that one is not a high-risk cancer family. PMID- 6544233 TI - A genetic and environmental analysis of a twin family study of alcohol use, anxiety, and depression. AB - Alcohol consumption, anxiety, and depression were measured by questionnaire in 572 twin families ascertained from the Institute of Psychiatry (London) normal twin register, each family consisting of an adult twin pair, their parents, and siblings--a total of 1,742 individuals. A multivariate normal model for pedigree analysis was applied to each variable, with power transformations fitted to maximise the fit with distributional assumptions. The effect of shared twin environment was estimated by considering the measured cohabitation history of twin pairs. For log-transformed alcohol consumption, amongst current drinkers this effect was the same for MZ and DZ pairs but depended on the cohabitation status of pairs. For both anxiety and depression the effect was clearly not the same for MZ and DZ pairs. Therefore the basic assumption of the classical twin method appears to be invalid for all three traits. Estimates of heritability derived from these analyses were compared with those obtained (1) by applying the classical twin method to twin data only, and (2) by a pedigree analysis ignoring the effect of shared twin environment. For all variables there were considerable differences between estimates based on the three models. This study illustrates that data from twins and their relatives which includes information on cohabitation history might distinguish shared genes and shared environment as causes of familial aggregation. In these behavioral traits the effect of shared twin environment may depend on zygosity and play a major role in explaining familial aggregation in twin family data. PMID- 6544234 TI - Genetic epidemiology of breast cancer: segregation analysis of 200 Danish pedigrees. AB - An investigation of the genetic epidemiology of breast cancer involving complex segregation analysis of 200 breast cancer pedigrees of Danish extraction is presented. The observed distribution of breast cancer is compatible with transmission of an autosomal-dominant gene with no evidence for residual family resemblance. The gene frequency of the abnormal allele is 0.00756, and the displacement between the homozygous genotype means is 1.695. The gene frequency accounts for a significant proportion of breast cancer in young women, whereas by an advanced age a majority (87%) of affected women are phenocopies. Genetic modeling of other breast cancer families and results of linkage studies are reviewed. PMID- 6544235 TI - The Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Program Family Study: detection of major genes influencing lipid levels by examination of heterogeneity of familial variances. AB - Age, sex-adjusted, and transformed lipid and lipoprotein data on over 1,200 white North American sibships in the Collaborative Lipid Research Clinics Family Study were analyzed for possible major genes causing high or low levels of these traits. The sibships were stratified on the basis of parents' trait values, and within-sibship variance in the high (or low) families was compared to that in the normal families via an F-test. The null hypothesis of multifactorial transmission was strongly rejected for low LDL, low total cholesterol, and high HDL families. An analysis of spouse-pair variance gave similar results. This may reflect the presence of dominant genes for hyperalpha- and hypobetalipoproteinemia. There was weaker evidence for single genes causing hyperbetalipoproteinemia. There was no evidence for major genes influencing triglyceride levels. Methodological issues with significant bearing on these results and those of other studies are discussed. PMID- 6544236 TI - Genetic epidemiology. PMID- 6544237 TI - Genetic covariation between neuroticism and the symptoms of anxiety and depression. AB - A genetic analysis of the trait of neuroticism and symptoms of anxiety and depression in 3,810 pairs of adult MZ and DZ twins is reported. Differences between people in these measures can be explained simply by differences in their genes and in their individual environmental experiences. There is no evidence that environmental experiences that are shared by cotwins, such as common family environment or social influences, are important. There are differences between the sexes in gene action affecting neuroticism, and genetic effects become more pronounced with age in females. The lack of evidence for dominance variance affecting neuroticism contrasts well with the detection of considerable genetical nonadditivity for extraversion in the same sample and reinforces the view that these two traits are not only statistically, but also genetically, quite independent. An analysis of the causes of covariation between anxiety, depression, and neuroticism shows that additive gene effects are more important causes of covariation than environmental factors. Genetic variation in symptoms of anxiety and depression is largely dependent on the same factors as effect the neuroticism trait. However, there is also evidence for genetic variation specific to depression. PMID- 6544238 TI - The resolution of genotype x environment interaction in segregation analysis of nuclear families. AB - A model is presented for the effects of one or two loci, a measured index of the environment and genotype x environment (G x E) interaction of risk for a discontinuous trait. Initial properties of the model are explored for the single locus case, with and without the effects of environment and G x E interaction. Seven data sets were simulated, each comprising 500 nuclear families on whom an environmental index has been measured. Maximum-likelihood estimation procedures were used to obtain parameter estimates under seven models for each data set. Likelihood ratio tests were constructed, and in all cases it was possible to identify the "correct" model for the simulated data. The matrices of information realized showed that the parameters could be estimated with acceptable precision and that the effects of genes, environment, and G x E interaction could be resolved in the simulated populations. The effects on conventional segregation analysis of ignoring the environment and G x E are considered. PMID- 6544239 TI - A method to detect excess risk of disease in structured data: cancer in relatives of retinoblastoma patients. AB - It is often of interest to know whether there is increased occurrence of a trait in a pedigree or other structured set of epidemiological data. In answering such questions most current methods use aggregate measures, such as relative risk, that may not relate the outcome for each individual to that individual's risk. In this paper we present a simple method, and its computational algorithm, to overcome this limitation. This new method also permits one to identify high-risk families or subsets of a collection of data, which is not always possible using other approaches. In a study of cancer risk among relatives of retinoblastoma patients, by applying this new method it was found that 11 of 33 families each obtained through a unilateral retinoblastoma patient are at statistically high risk of cancer at all sites combined, while there are 15 of 47 such families obtained through a bilaterally affected proband. These results are unlikely to have occurred by chance, indicating an overall excess risk in the ancestors of these retinoblastoma cases. The proposed test procedure does not specify the cause of elevated risk; however, a method is proposed that provides some indication regarding possible causal mechanisms under some circumstances. PMID- 6544240 TI - Evaluation of path analysis through computer simulation: effect of incorrectly assuming independent distribution of familial correlations. AB - Path analysis of family data has been widely applied to resolve genetic and environmental patterns of familial resemblance. A prevalent statistical approach in path analysis has been, first, to estimate the familial correlations and, second, by assuming these estimates to be independently distributed, define a likelihood function from which maximum likelihood estimates of model parameters can be obtained and likelihood ratio tests of hypotheses performed. Although it is generally known that the independence assumption does not hold when multiple familial correlations are estimated from the same family data, this statistical method has still been used in these situations owing, in part, to the lack of any viable alternatives and, in part, to the lack of any knowledge about the specific quantitative effects of not meeting the assumption of independence. Here, using computer-simulation methods, we evaluate the robustness of this statistical method to deviations from the assumption of independence. In general, we found that the failure to meet the assumption of independence leads to a conservative test of the goodness-of-fit of the path model, although likelihood ratio tests of specific null hypotheses were at times liberal, at times conservative, and at times nearly exact. Although the test statistics were found to be distorted, the parameter estimates using this method were nearly unbiased. PMID- 6544241 TI - Complete hydatidiform mole in Hawaii: an epidemiological study. AB - An analysis of hydatidiform moles occurring in Hawaii over a 14-year period (1968 1981) was undertaken. The pathology of all 278 reported molar pregnancies was reviewed and showed 69.4% to be complete, 24.5% to be partial, and 6.1% to be nonmolar. A case-control epidemiological investigation of the complete moles showed maternal age and race to be important, moles being significantly more prevalent in women under 20 and over 40 yr of age and also in women of Japanese, Filipino, and other Oriental ancestry. However no difference was seen in the prevalence of moles between Oriental women born in the Orient and those born and raised in Hawaii. No significant difference was found in paternal age, paternal race, socioeconomic status, or reproductive history, suggesting that these factors do not play an important role in the etiology of complete hydatidiform mole. Incidence rates for complete moles were calculated taking age and race into consideration and ranged from a high of 1 in 150 to a low of 1 in 2,000 naturally terminating pregnancies. PMID- 6544242 TI - An application of a model for a genotype-dependent relationship between a concomitant (age) and a quantitative trait (LDL cholesterol) in pedigree data. AB - In most genetic studies in humans the variability in a quantitative trait is adjusted for variability in concomitants (age, sex, etc) using a single regression equation prior to analyses of pedigree data. To illustrate an alternative approach, a single locus genetic model was tested. This model incorporates genotypic effects on the level of the trait, the variability in the trait, and the relationship between a concomitant and the trait. In this study, the model was applied to measures of age and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in a large kindred with familial hypercholesterolemia. The application of this model to 322 individuals in four generations provided evidence that genotypic variation at a single locus influences LDL levels early in life, the rate of increase of LDL with age and the phenotypic variance. A model with genotype-dependent slope and variance fit the data significantly better than a model with slope and variance independent of genotype. The inclusion of age-specific genotypic differences contributed to identification of high-risk individuals, to statistical support for a major locus, and to evidence for genetic determination of the tracking of LDL levels. Models that incorporate genotype-specific concomitant effects have the potential to represent more realistically the relationship between genotypic variability and quantitative phenotypic variation than models that assume that these effects do not exist. PMID- 6544243 TI - Glucose tolerance and ancestral genetic admixture in six semitraditional Pacific populations. AB - Population-based data on 1,842 subjects from six semitraditional Pacific communities, collected in the years 1978-1983, have been compared in order to examine the hypotheses that differences in the distribution of plasma glucose concentration between populations are to some extent genetically determined, and that non-Austronesian (NAN) Melanesians are relatively resistant to glucose intolerance. Semitraditional communities were chosen for study so that the comparison would be minimally confounded by either known or as yet undetermined environmental factors associated with nontraditional living, the effects of which may vary between populations. The samples were also selected so as to provide a gradient of proportional NAN and AN admixture. They were drawn from the following regions: the highlands of Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, the Wallis Islands, Western Samoa, and Kiribati (formerly the Gilbert Islands). The Papua New Guinea highlanders, of entirely NAN ancestry, were regarded as the baseline population. A gradient of increasing mean 2-hr plasma glucose concentration was observed across the six populations and differences persisted between populations, after controlling for age and obesity. Variations in diet, physical activity, and degree of sociocultural modernization were not considered a sufficient or consistent explanation of these findings and they therefore lend tentative support to the hypothesis of a genetic component to variability in glucose tolerance. The relationship between population estimates of glucose tolerance and estimates of the genetic distance from the baseline NAN Melanesian sample was examined. With the notable exception of Fiji, there was evidence of a linear correlation between the two parameters. PMID- 6544244 TI - Possible linkage of a breast cancer-susceptibility locus to the ABO locus: sensitivity of LOD scores to a single new recombinant observation. AB - We present evidence of a pedigree in which a major gene for breast cancer susceptibility appears to segregate in a dominant fashion. Linkage analysis suggests that the breast cancer-susceptibility locus in this family may be linked to the ABO locus, which is located on band q34 of chromosome 9. At an early stage in the analysis, a LOD score of 3.0 for zero recombination was obtained for linkage between ABO and the susceptibility locus, but a single recombinant reduced the LOD score to 1.72 at a recombination fraction of 0.06. A final observation of a nonrecombinant brings the LOD score for this pedigree to 1.99 at theta = 0.05. We attempt to put these results in perspective by discussing the sensitivity of the LOD score to the next observation. Examples of the volatility of LOD scores are given. These simple calculations show that tight linkage represents the worst case for the interpretation of a LOD score of 3.0. Finally, we discuss the linkage between the breast cancer-susceptibility locus and the ABO blood group and approaches to confirming or denying this result. PMID- 6544245 TI - Renal function in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6544246 TI - Guarded recession surgical procedure in horizontal concomitant squint surgery. PMID- 6544247 TI - Treatment of fungal corneal ulcers with econazole. PMID- 6544248 TI - Pan retinal photo coagulation in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6544249 TI - Surgical management of recurrent and nonhealing corneal ulcer. PMID- 6544250 TI - Retinal visual acuity in amblyopia. PMID- 6544251 TI - Krypton laser--clinical trial and preliminary observations. PMID- 6544252 TI - Sato's optometer V/s retinoscopy. PMID- 6544253 TI - Pachometry in Indian subjects. PMID- 6544254 TI - Role of acupuncture in the treatment of 'incurable' retinal diseases. PMID- 6544255 TI - Peritomy in the management of Mooren's ulcer--a preliminary report. PMID- 6544256 TI - Growth hormone and diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6544257 TI - A clinical study of massive periretinal proliferation (M.P.P.). PMID- 6544258 TI - Retinal detachments in phakics and aphakics--a clinical study. PMID- 6544259 TI - Fluoresceine angiography in myopic degeneration. PMID- 6544260 TI - Relationship between pterygium and lacrimation--a clinical study. PMID- 6544262 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in blood and aqueous humour in glaucoma. PMID- 6544261 TI - Amblyopia in myopia. PMID- 6544263 TI - Pressure dynamics following cyclocryotherapy. PMID- 6544264 TI - Trabeculectomy-filtering or non-filtering. PMID- 6544265 TI - Combined trabeculectomy and cataract extraction (in lens induced glaucoma). PMID- 6544266 TI - Management of pupiliary block glaucoma in early post operative period by a simple technique. PMID- 6544267 TI - Sunlight-its etiological role in cataract formation. PMID- 6544268 TI - Congenital cataract and maternal ingestion of corticosteroids. PMID- 6544269 TI - Day surgery for cataracts and iris-clip implant insertions. PMID- 6544270 TI - Indian intra ocular lens implants on Indian eyes. PMID- 6544271 TI - Electrolyte pattern in experimental sugar cataracts in vitro. PMID- 6544272 TI - Ongoing prospective clinical study of radial keratotomy. PMID- 6544273 TI - Therapeutic problems in ocular hypertension. PMID- 6544274 TI - Aetiopathogenesis of lepromatous iritis. PMID- 6544275 TI - Pars plana vitrectomy and buckling in management of complex rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PMID- 6544276 TI - Fellow eye in senile disciform degeneration of the macula. PMID- 6544277 TI - Implantation cyst in A.C. after cataract surgery. PMID- 6544278 TI - Use of vitrophage in management of accidental extra capsular extraction of senile cataract in immediate post-operative period. PMID- 6544279 TI - Anterior keratotomy follow up results. PMID- 6544280 TI - Study of juvenile retinal detachment. PMID- 6544281 TI - Quantitative assessment of conventional macular function tests in cases of cataract. PMID- 6544282 TI - Radial keratotomy. PMID- 6544283 TI - The fundus findings in blood dyscrasias. PMID- 6544284 TI - Immunologic aspects of lens induced ocular reactions: serum immunoglobulin profile. PMID- 6544285 TI - Retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 6544286 TI - Retinal detachment surgery. PMID- 6544287 TI - Tapping of fluid pockets--a better method of management of vitreous loss in cataract surgery. PMID- 6544288 TI - Surgical results: comparison of patients operated in "eye camp" with patients operated in the hospital. PMID- 6544289 TI - Fitting and analysis of soft contact lens (four years follow up). PMID- 6544290 TI - Role of soft contact lenses in nonhealing corneal ulcers. PMID- 6544291 TI - Extended wear soft V/s semisort V/s hard contact lenses in uniocular aphakia. PMID- 6544292 TI - Intra ocular implant--a comparative study. PMID- 6544293 TI - Posterior lensectomy--a study of 193 eyes. PMID- 6544294 TI - Histopathological and histochemical analysis of trabeculectomy specimens in open angle and steroid induced glaucoma--a clinicopathological study. PMID- 6544295 TI - Our experience with bandage lenses. PMID- 6544296 TI - A comparative study of anterior chamber lens implants and Fyodorov lens implants. PMID- 6544297 TI - Immunologic aspacts of lens induced ocular reactions: complement component profile. PMID- 6544298 TI - Laser photocoagulation and prophylactic treatment for retinal detachment of the lesion. PMID- 6544299 TI - Heredity in lattice degeneration of the retina. PMID- 6544300 TI - Prognostic value of the retinal breaks. PMID- 6544301 TI - Hypertensive retinopathy. PMID- 6544302 TI - Optic neuritis: post epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 6544303 TI - Rational of injection of silicone oil in massive vitreous retraction. PMID- 6544304 TI - Clinical evaluation of tromaril as an anti-inflammatory agent in ophthalmic practice. PMID- 6544305 TI - Intraocular lens implant (a study of 100 cases). PMID- 6544306 TI - The thyroid-system function in preterm infants of postmenstrual ages of 31 weeks or less: evidence for a "transient lazy thyroid system". AB - A prospective study was conducted in order to evaluate thyroid function in 20 healthy and 18 sick preterm infants with postmenstrual ages of 31 weeks or less. The clinical condition of both groups was compared using a "Neonatal Special Care Evolution Score". The effect of thyroid hormone treatment, given from D10 on to the sick infants, was also studied. TSH, thyroid hormone levels (TG, T4, T3, rT3, FT4 and FT3) and TBG were measured by radioimmunoassays at D0, D10, D20, D30 and D40. Healthy preterm infants on D0 have a median TSH level of 22 microU/ml and a high TG level of 200 ng/ml; thereafter, median serum levels decrease to 6 microU/ml and 35 ng/ml respectively. During the same period, median serum T4 is maintained at a low level of about 6-8 micrograms/dl, median serum T3 gradually increases from 80 ng/dl on D0 to 150 ng/dl on D40, and median serum rT3 decreases beyond D10 from a plateau of 200 ng/dl to about 100 ng/dl. In the sick preterm infants before treatment, serum TSH is as in the control group but serum T4, T3 and rT3 on D10 are well below the control values (P = 0.005). In all conditions, there is a significant correlation between serum T4 and FT4, and between serum T3 and FT3. Thyroxine, given to the sick preterm infants from D10 on, brings median serum T4 values closely to the ones of the control group whereas serum levels of TSH and TG are unaffected and similar to those of the healthy preterm infants. Furthermore, thyroxine brings serum rT3 within the range of the control group but leaves median serum T3 at a low level of about 50 ng/dl. On T3 treatment, serum T3 normalizes but rT3 and particularly T4 tend to decline further. In the conditions of this study a significant difference in TBG level is not proven. Although an untreated sick group was not enrolled in the study, thyroid hormone treatment brought the "Neonatal Special Care Evolution Score" of the treated sick infants closer to that of the healthy preterm infants. In the sick preterm infant with failure to thrive on D10, there is an impaired thyroid discharge of T4 in spite of serum TSH values not different from those of the control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6544307 TI - [Coarctation syndrome in infancy and its outcome: surgical results and long-term follow-up]. AB - Between 1972 and 1983, 29 newborns and infants were treated surgically for coarctation of the aorta. The mean age at operation was 2 months 7 days. 76% of the patients (22/29) had an associated intracardiac malformation, 8 requiring correction. The early mortality rate (due to coarctation repair) was 7% (2/29). The total mortality rate was 31% (7/29). Four of the 7 late deaths occurred during surgical correction of an intracardiac malformation. Twenty children were followed up for 1 to 10 years (mean 4 1/2 years) after surgery. Four patients (20%) had a recoarctation. All 4 recurrences occurred within 2 years after surgery, and in patients operated on during the first month of life. Blood pressure at the latest outpatient visit was above the 97th percentile in 6 children, 4 of whom had recoarctation. Among the patients with no evidence of recurrence, 86% had a blood pressure between the 50th and the 97th percentile or just above the 97th. Five patients underwent a maximal exercise test: none developed excessive elevation of systolic blood pressure, and no pressure difference appeared between arm and leg during the exercise test in those who had none at rest. Thus, early surgical correction improves the prognosis of infantile coarctation syndrome, but recoarctation may occur; long term follow-up is advisable. PMID- 6544308 TI - Partial androgen insensitivity as a cause of genital maldevelopment. AB - A newborn with ambiguous genitalia appeared to have male pseudohermaphroditism caused by partial insensitivity to androgens associated with a subnormal level of androgen receptors in cultured genital skin fibroblasts. This hitherto infrequently diagnosed condition has genetical and prognostic implications regarding fertility. The causes of male pseudohermaphroditism and the repercussions of partial androgen insensitivity are discussed. PMID- 6544309 TI - Suprasellar arachnoidal cyst as a cause of early puberty. AB - Puberty developed in a boy before age 12 years despite a marked delay in skeletal development. A large suprasellar arachnoidal cyst was found. Such cysts may be a cause of precocious puberty. PMID- 6544310 TI - Early neonatal cutaneous candidiasis. AB - A premature female presented cutaneous lesions caused by Candida albicans at 12 h after delivery. Her mother carried Candida in the vagina. The lesions extended to face, both sides of the trunk and extremities, including palms and soles, and later to the mouth. The cutaneous manifestations healed in four weeks. It is proposed to use the term "early neonatal cutaneous candidiasis" to designate the forms of candidiasis which appear within the first hours after delivery, and "congenital cutaneous candidiasis" when lesions are present at delivery. PMID- 6544311 TI - Congenital heart disease and cow's milk intolerance. AB - Four infants with congenital heart disease showed in their first months of life poor weight gain in spite of the absence of cardiac failure; a diagnosis of intolerance to cow's milk proteins was made on the basis of laboratory findings and subsequently confirmed by the success of the avoidance diet and the positivity of the challenge tests; all four children had previously received nasogastric feeding, and this may represent a favouring factor for sensitization. Intolerance to cow's milk proteins should be considered as a possible cofactor for failure to thrive in infants with congenital heart disease. PMID- 6544312 TI - Hypernatremic dehydration as a sign leading to the diagnosis of glucose-galactose malabsorption in breast-fed neonates. AB - Hypernatremic dehydration is described in a case of a breast-fed infant with glucose-galactose malabsorption. Hypernatremic dehydration in general is uncommon in normal breast-fed infants. The finding of hypernatremic dehydration in breast fed infants with watery diarrhea and sugar in the stool should lead to the consideration of monosaccharide intolerance such as glucose-galactose malabsorption. PMID- 6544313 TI - Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome in the neonate. AB - Since the first description by Rubinstein and Taybi in 1963 more than 250 cases of this syndrome have been reported in the literature, but only few cases in the neonate. We present a patient with the typical clinical aspect who was diagnosed at birth. Early recognition of this condition is important for counselling the parents. PMID- 6544314 TI - Acute extrapyramidal dysfunction after domperidone administration. Report of a case. AB - The authors relate the observation of a 3-month-old boy who showed acute neurological dysfunction of the extrapyramidal system secondary to the administration of domperidone, a new anti-emetic drug. This drug was first believed not to provoke neurological dysfunction. Yet, this and three other published cases document the possibility of adverse neurological reactions due to domperidone administration. PMID- 6544316 TI - Lock-in techniques for the swept stimulus evoked potential. AB - We discuss the use of synchronous-demodulation (lock-in) techniques for evoked potential retrieval. Application to electronically swept visual displays is emphasized. These techniques permit a visual threshold to be specified in 20 s, but their application to visual assessment requires careful consideration of several problems, notably alleged delay in the instrumentation, specification of the baseline response level, and the nature of EEG interference. In addition, since stimulus waveform information is lost in all lock-in methods, questions concerning what activity is contributing to the measured response must be answered. A technique addressing these issues and combining phase-sensitive detection and vector computation is presented. PMID- 6544315 TI - Auditory brainstem potentials: comments on their use during infant development. PMID- 6544317 TI - Results obtained in short-term experiments and their application prospects in prognosticating threshold levels of chronic exposure to chemical compounds. AB - Joint studies carried out by toxicologists of CMEA countries have led to the development of new ways of approach to the problem of rapid establishment of toxicometric parameters and hygienic standards (TSEL, MAC) for the working-zone atmosphere. One of the most promising approaches is the rapid establishment of MAC from the threshold of acute specific effect. Upon this principle, methodical directives for determining MAC values for specifically active irritants were elaborated. A study of the quantitative relations between toxicometric parameters and the physicochemical properties of substances in the working-zone atmosphere furnished methods for calculating TSEL values for noxious substances in this atmosphere. The essential possibility was confirmed of using isolated mitochondria as a model for preliminarily estimating the toxicity and establishing safe concentration levels of noxious substances in the working-zone atmosphere. The application of a complex of functional, biochemical and morphometric indices made it possible to foretell from short-term experiments minimal effective concentrations of a substance on chronic exposure. Ways of further research in the field of prognosticating toxicometric parameters and hygienic regulations for chemical compounds are outlined. PMID- 6544318 TI - Topical problems in the study of remote effects of chemical compounds on the cardiovascular system. AB - The main tasks in epidemiological and experimental study of remote effects on the cardiovascular system of exposure to chemical compounds were formulated. In the epidemiological respect, the most important points are development of methods for integral evaluation of the effect of the environment, including the industrial environment, and improvement of the methods of detecting early signs of cardiovascular pathology closely correlating with the structure of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The most topical experimental problem is to refine the criteria and methods of assessing the state of the heart and vessels of experimental animals so as to make possible a substantiated and adequate extrapolation of experimental data to man. PMID- 6544320 TI - Effect of exposure of pregnant rats to cadmium on prenatal and postnatal development of the young. AB - Cadmium chloride in doses of 2, 12 and 40 mg Cd/kg was administered per os to pregnant rats from the 7th to 16th day of pregnancy. In another experiment female rats were exposed to cadmium oxide at a concentration of 0.02 mg Cd/m3 or 0.16 mg Cd/m3 for 5 hours a day and 5 days weekly for a period of 5 months or 1 mg Cd/m3 for 4 months. The exposure was then continued during mating and from the 1st to 20th day of pregnancy. A decrease in fertility was only observed in females exposed by inhalation to cadmium oxide at a concentration of 1 mg Cd/m3, at which concentration cadmium exhibits a considerable toxic effect on the whole organism. The young of females orally treated with CdCl2 in a dose of 40 mg Cd/kg displayed congenital defects in the form of sirenomelia or amelia, as well as raised cadmium levels in tissues. A retardation of intrauterine development manifested by lower body weight and slowed down osteogenesis was observed in the other groups. A cadmium concentration increase was not found in the tissues of the young in these groups. Inhalation exposure to 0.16 mg Cd/m3 of females prior to and during pregnancy induced in their young a decrease in viability, lower body weight gain, prolongation of latency in the negative-geotaxis test, lower locomotor activity and deteriorated development of the conditioned-reflex response. The offspring of females exposed to 0.02 mg Cd/m3 displayed lowered locomotor activity and worsened consolidation of the conditioned-reflex response. PMID- 6544319 TI - Intermittent exposure to toxic compounds in the working-zone atmosphere viewed from the aspect of hygienic standardization. AB - Four highly cumulative substances (carbon tetrachloride, 1,1,2,2 tetrachloroethane, benzene and dimethylformamide) were studied at two exposure levels under a monotonous and an intermittent exposure regimen in subacute experiments on rats. The biological effect produced by the intermittent concentrations as compared with the stable concentrations under time-weighted average concentrations depended both on the physiochemical properties and biological action of the poisons as well as on the exposure level. The intermittent concentration rises within certain limits (threefold as a rule) were injurious with some of the substances at a relatively high exposure level, but were not detrimental as compared with stable concentrations at a low exposure level. The other substances showed no difference between the effect of the monotonous and the intermittent regimens at either low or high exposure levels. The results of these studies form an experimental basis for a dual hygienic standardization: the establishment of maximum and average-shift admissible concentrations for the compounds studied as well as other highly cumulative substances. PMID- 6544321 TI - The measurement of mercury excretion in urine. AB - The determination of mercury in urine using cold atomic absorption spectrometry according to Gage and Warren is used after slight modification as standard method for the exposure test in persons exposed to its vapours in industry in Czechoslovakia. Within the concentration range between 100 and 600 nmol X l-1 of urine the relative standard deviation was lower than 4%. In workers exposed to mercury in the production of thermometers, fluctuation of urinary mercury concentration due to variations in diuresis could be greatly reduced by adjustment for endogenous creatinine. After the intake of 2.2 or 2.5 l of liquids the concentration of mercury in urine dropped considerably, but returned again to its initial value within 4 hours after fluid intake. The mercury half-life in the organism is estimated at about 30 days, but may be longer at mercury concentrations of 1 mumol X l-1. Contradictory to the original expectation, the Araki's coefficient b that is recommended for suppressing the effect of the volume of excreted urine on the concentration of urinary substances was found to be concentration-dependent: at 500 nmol X l-1 its value shifted towards 1 (0.85), at 100 nmol X l-1 towards zero (0.2-0.3). It is believed that mercury urinalysis data adjusted for endogenous creatinine are sufficiently reliable to be used for assessing the risk of human exposure to mercury. PMID- 6544322 TI - Peculiarities of influenza infection caused by highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus. AB - The authors studied the peculiarities of the course of experimental influenza infection induced by the administration of highly and poorly immunogenic strains of influenza virus to mice. Influenza viruses with varying immunogenic activity were obtained from the vaccine strain A/Victoria/35/72/50 (H3N2) by immunoselection modelling the process of natural selection. The administration of strains with high and poor immunogenicity to mice of the F1 (CBA X C57B1) line led to the development of acute influenza infection accompanied by reproduction of viruses in the tissue of the lungs and other internal organs. The poorly immunogenic strain 5/II-Victoria, unlike the initial virus A/Victoria/35 and its highly immunogenic variant 2/I-Victoria, is able to circulate for a long time in the organism of the infected animal causing development of chronic inflammatory processes and stimulating the formation of neoplasms. Immunogenicity is thus one of the factors determining the character of the course of experimental influenza infection. A conclusion was drawn concerning the epidemiological and aetiological importance of viruses with reduced immunogenicity and their role in the evolution of influenza virus. It is presumed that reduced immunogenicity is one of the adaptation mechanisms of aggression permitting the population of influenza virus to escape control by specific humoral immunity. PMID- 6544323 TI - Management of the patient alloimmunized to platelets. PMID- 6544325 TI - The Florida legislature: the need for change. PMID- 6544324 TI - Intraoperative electrophysiology in treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. PMID- 6544326 TI - Some reflections on responsibility, 1956-1984. PMID- 6544327 TI - Public health in Florida. A tradition of state and local partnership. PMID- 6544328 TI - Public health. A response. PMID- 6544329 TI - Florida's environmental health issues for the 80s and 90s. PMID- 6544330 TI - Indigent care--the growing dilemma in a competitive health care industry. PMID- 6544331 TI - Child health care: prevention and early intervention a must. PMID- 6544332 TI - Maternal and child health: developing a strategy for the medically indigent in Florida. PMID- 6544333 TI - Graying of Florida. PMID- 6544335 TI - Florida Emergency Medical Services--a proud past and a bright future. PMID- 6544334 TI - Rural health care. PMID- 6544336 TI - Maternal deaths in Florida, 1977-1982. A Maternal Mortality Committee report study. PMID- 6544337 TI - Free forearm flap for reconstruction of soft tissue defects concurrent with improved peripheral circulation. AB - The free forearm flap is an accepted procedure for covering defects due to osteitis in the lower leg. End-to-end anastomoses have usually been preferred, if the diameters of the donor and recipient arteries are more or less equal. However, if one or more arteries of the lower leg are absent, end-to-end anastomosis is not indicated, because further disturbances of blood circulation will ensue. We present a procedure in which the flap vessels act as an arterial and venous bypass, thus improving the circulation in the lower leg, while concurrently perfusing the flap. Following full thickness skin graft, cosmetic results at the donor site are not especially pleasing. Results can be improved by a split skin graft (used as a mesh graft), and by situating the donor site on the upper third of the forearm. At the recipient site, the flap can be infolded and connected in anatomic right or reverse directions, depending on the required length of the flap vascular pedicle needed for reconstruction. This can lead to a reverse blood flow in he vessels of the transferred free forearm flap. The radial artery can be restored by vein graft from the same forearm. In 25 free forearm flaps to the lower leg, arterial bypass was performed in 14 cases, venous bypass as well in four cases, with reverse blood flow in three cases. PMID- 6544338 TI - Autotransplantation of severed limbs. A case report. AB - A case report of a successful autotransplantation of a forearm and hand at the distal third of the forearm is presented. The plan of repair is described and the functional result is demonstrated. PMID- 6544339 TI - Salvage of an arm by means of a free cutaneous flap based on the posterior tibial artery. AB - A case involving medial calf, free cutaneous flap based on the posterior tibial artery for one-stage reconstruction of soft tissue and main vessel damage is presented. Flap anatomy is outlined, and operative techniques for transfer are detailed, in a case of deep contact burn of an arm. PMID- 6544340 TI - Surgical anatomy of the sural nerve. PMID- 6544341 TI - Microvascular double clamp type A-II. AB - The features of a new double microvascular clamp are described. The device can be used to anastomose vessels ranging from 0.5 to 5.0 mm, without inflicting injury on the vessel wall. PMID- 6544342 TI - Report from the second French-Chinese microsurgical mission. PMID- 6544343 TI - Application of microsurgery in plastic and reconstructive surgery. PMID- 6544344 TI - Reconstruction of metacarpophalangeal joint by free vascularized autogenous metatarsophalangeal joint transplant. AB - Six cases of autotransplantation of free vascularized second metatarsophalangeal joint to reconstruct damaged metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints are reported. Anatomical studies in cadaver and clinical cases involving the origin, course, and importance of preserving the articular branch of the metatarsal artery are described. Follow-up of cases from six months to 21/2 years postoperative reveal recovery of thumb function, stability of the transplanted joint, and no obvious degenerative changes. PMID- 6544345 TI - Comparison of suture ligation, bipolar cauterization, and hemoclip ligation in the management of small branching vessels in a rat model. AB - In elective microsurgical procedures, it is necessary to occlude small branches when mobilizing vessels in obtaining vein grafts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative merits of suture ligation, bipolar cauterization, and hemoclip ligation, and to determine the minimum safe distance of occlusion. The left inferior epigastric vein and the right profunda femoris artery were ligated under operating microscope magnification with 10-0 nylon suture, small hemoclip, or bipolar cauterization at distances of 0, 1, or 2 mm from the parent vessel in 75 rats. Suture ligation was significantly better than bipolar cauterization (p less than .01) and hemoclip ligation (p less than .001). All cauterization failures occurred at 0 and 1 mm. Hemoclip failures occurred at all three distances. In the management of small branching vessels: suture ligation is safe at 0, 1, and 2 mm; bipolar cauterization is safe at 2 mm; and hemoclip ligation is unsafe. PMID- 6544346 TI - Evaluation of free flaps transferred by microvascular anastomosis in oral and maxillofacial surgery. AB - The authors discuss indications for the use of microvascular free flaps transferred to the oral and maxillofacial region. A series of 139 cases, involving 145 free flaps, is reported over a three year period. The overall success rate for all types of flaps was 89.3%. Advantages and disadvantages of the use of various flaps are presented and suggestions are offered to avoid complications. PMID- 6544347 TI - Functional comparison between pollicization and toe-to-hand transfer for thumb reconstruction. AB - The functional results of two methods of thumb reconstruction, pollicization, and toe transplantation were evaluated in four groups of patients: Group I, those missing the thumb but with four other normal digits; Group II, those missing the thumb with partially mutilated or amputated other digits; Group III, those with a metacarpal hand; and Group IV, those with a distal thumb amputation. In each group, results were compared in six categories: mobility, strength, sensibility, cosmetic appearance, pinch accuracy, and grasping power. In Group I, pollicization provided superior sensibility and mobility, but grasping power was best achieved by transfer of the big toe. Second toe transfer and pollicization both resulted in some weakness, compared with the normal hand. Pinch accuracy, related to the quality of sensibility, was better achieved by pollicization than by any free transfer. In Group II, although pollicization of a mutilated digit is more controversial, a very good functional level was reached in some cases, directly related to the amount of preoperative sensibility and the mobility of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the transferred digit. Reduction of strength and prehension depended on the number and quality of the remaining nontransferred digits. Toe transfer yielded better results in all six categories, as the severity of digit mutilation increased. In Group III, pollicization of the second metacarpal achieved a very rudimentary pinch, with toe transfer allowing for much greater prehension possibilities. In Group IV, distal thumb amputations were treated with distal digital pollicization as well as with partial toe transplantation. Both methods did well; however, indications for pollicization were extremely limited. Comparing results of big and second toe transfer for thumb reconstruction, big toe transfer achieved superior results, in both functional and cosmetic aspects. PMID- 6544348 TI - Surgical landmarks and approach to the brachial plexus: a photographic essay. PMID- 6544349 TI - Microanastomotic response to needle and suture size. AB - This study was performed to examine the microanastomotic response to needle and suture size, comparing the 10-0 (75 mu needle/22 mu suture), the 11-0 (50 mu needle/18 mu suture), and a new modified 11-0 which has a 30 mu needle and a 14 mu suture. Each artery received five full thickness sutures of either suture. The vessels were harvested at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and checked for patency, aneurysm formation, and gross strength. Histologic slides and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were made at 7, 21, and 28 days postoperatively. The 11-0 with the 30 mu needle gave better patency rates, less incidence of aneurysm formation, and as good or better recovery in gross strength, when compared with the 10-0 75 mu needle. Histologically and by SEM, the 11-0 with the 30 mu needle was far superior to the other two larger sized sutures, showing less trauma and inflammation. The use of the modified 11-0 suture with the 30 mu needle is advantageous in anastomosis of vessels 1 mm or smaller. PMID- 6544350 TI - A simple method of controlling rotation in replanted digits. AB - A method of fixation for replanted digits is described. It consists of axial fixation with a wire passed longitudinally through the replanted digit, supplemented with a transverse wire passed across all the digits. In this way, splinting is provided and rotation is controlled. The method is simple, rapidly applied, and very effective. PMID- 6544351 TI - One-stage reconstruction of the penis with free skin flap: report of three cases. AB - Three cases of penile defect of varying extent were reconstructed with free skin flaps from the forearm based on the radial artery. In two cases, part of the forearm flap was used to reconstruct the urethra, and the rest of the flap to reconstruct the corpus penis. A piece of autogenous cartilage was then inserted between the two layers. All procedures were completed in a one-stage operation. In the third case, a free skin graft was used for urethral reconstruction. Surgery in all three cases was successful, providing a penis of acceptable appearance as well as excellent urinary function. PMID- 6544352 TI - Reconstruction of the thumb by free skin flap of the big toe. AB - Experience with 12 cases of thumb reconstruction is reported, utilizing a free skin flap from the big toe and remodelled iliac bone graft, to create metacarpal and phalangeal configuration. Results show that the reconstructed thumbs have good functional recovery, cosmetic appearance, and varying degrees of sensation. The procedure preserves the big toe of the donor foot and produces minimal impairment. PMID- 6544353 TI - Microsurgical reconstruction of the amputated hand. AB - Fourteen successful results in 16 cases of microsurgical reconstruction of uni- and bilateral hand amputations are reported. Metacarpal reconstruction included the use of titanium alloy for artificial metacarpi, autogenous metatarsals, and autogenous iliac bone grafts. Uni- and bilateral single and multiple donor toes were used in various combinations. Basic hand function and functional sensibility were restored in 14 of 16 cases. There was minimal donor site functional impairment. PMID- 6544354 TI - Comparison of blood flow in free vascularized versus nonvascularized nerve grafts. AB - The present study was undertaken to compare blood flow between conventional nerve grafts and surgically revascularized grafts. Paired comparisons of blood flow data between a 10 cm segment of vascularized nerve graft and a 10 cm segment of conventional nerve graft in a canine model established that blood flow in the nonvascularized grafts was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than that in the paired vascularized grafts. The rationale for difficult and time-consuming vascularized nerve grafting procedures may therefore not be warranted. PMID- 6544355 TI - The staging of Hodgkin's disease revisited. AB - The conventional staging of Hodgkin's disease (HD) including lymphangiography and staging laparotomy with splenectomy is well-known and commonly utilized. However, recent data on new imaging modalities (e.g. ultrasound, computed tomographic scanning) and prognostic factors (e.g. size of the mediastinal mass, extent of splenic involvement, etc.) suggest that a more rational approach to staging based on treatment considerations is now possible. In addition, careful restaging of patients in apparent remission, including surgical evaluation in selected patients, is also important. In this paper, these new concepts of the staging of HD are reviewed. PMID- 6544356 TI - Cytological and immunological study of 139 patients with acute leukemia. AB - Sixty-six children with acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), 26 adults with ALL and 47 adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were subclassified according to the classifications French-American-British (FAB) and World-Health-Organization (WHO). Nine immunological markers and 6 cytochemical stains were also used. The reproducibility of the WHO classification of the smears performed independently twice by one observer was 93%, but that between two observers only 78%. Three patients considered ALL by A were called AML by B, but all three had the common acute leukemia antigen, CALLA. In the group of 87 patients considered ALL by B, only 74 were classified ALL by A, but of the 13 non-ALL B, none had the CALLA. Ten of these thirteen patients had myeloid markers such as Philadelphia chromosomes, peroxidase or Sudan Black B positive reactions, or Fc and C3 receptors. The remaining 3 patients were non-Hodgkin lymphoma with B-cell markers. None of the 47 cases classified as AML had CALLA. Seventeen of nineteen myeloblastic leukemias (M2, FAB) had a myeloid antigen (Mag) and 13 of 15 myelomonocytic leukemias (M4, FAB) had, in addition, Fc and C3 receptors. PMID- 6544357 TI - Clinical and laboratory findings in untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease with special reference to age. AB - During a 6-yr period 258 adult patients (greater than or equal to 15 yr) with biopsy verified Hodgkin's disease (HD) were reported to the Stockholm-Gotland Oncologic Center. In 57 elderly patients (mean age 74 yr) the diagnosis was established shortly before death or at autopsy. One hundred and eighty-two of remaining 201 patients (118 men and 64 women, mean age 47 yr) were investigated. They were evenly distributed in stages I-IV and 43% had B symptoms. NS, 38% and MC, 38% were the most common histological subtypes in contrast to LP, 14% and LD, 10%. Stage II disease and NS histopathology dominated among patients below 50 yr. Patients with hilar/mediastinal lymphomas were often young and had NS histopathology with B symptoms. The diagnosis was established within 3 months after the first symptoms in 52% while 15% had symptoms for more than one year. Eleven patients reported a previous malignancy which is similar to the expected number of 13.8. The results support the concept that in unselected patient series HD seems to be at least as common among elderly as in young people. In the investigated series advanced disease and MC and LD histopathology did not dominate among patients above 50 yr which has been reported previously. PMID- 6544358 TI - Uptake of adriamycin by human leukemic cells as measured by flow cytometry. AB - Leukemic cells were obtained from 12 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and 2 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia. The specimens were incubated with a range of concentrations of adriamycin (Adr) for different periods of time and then analyzed by flow cytometry. For incubations of up to 5 h, only cells exposed to 5 or more micrograms of Adr ml-1 became fluorescent while cells incubated with 1 microgram ml-1 for 24 h became fluorescent. Fluorescence decreased when the cells were washed and further decreased when the cells were incubated in Adr-free media. The cells from different patients exhibited a wide range of Adr uptakes and retentions. Simultaneous analysis of right angle light scatter and fluorescence intensity demonstrated that there may be subpopulations of cells whose Adr uptake and/or retention differ from the weighted mean population values. With this method rare cells which fail to take up Adr can be recognized. PMID- 6544359 TI - [Calcium urolithiasis. Study of 90 patients]. PMID- 6544360 TI - [Mineral bone content in a normal population of Buenos Aires]. PMID- 6544361 TI - Acute Chagas disease in the mouse. Contractile response of the isolated myocardium to pharmacological agents. PMID- 6544362 TI - [Effect of verapamil on the sinus node and atrioventricular conduction in the canine heart]. PMID- 6544363 TI - [Effect of unconjugated bilirubin on the ionic content and sensitivity to hyposmotic hemolysis in erythrocytes]. PMID- 6544364 TI - [Polymyositis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6544365 TI - [Malignant pheochromocytoma of the organ of Zuckerkandl]. PMID- 6544366 TI - [Locked-in syndrome and arterial hypertension in a young woman]. PMID- 6544367 TI - [Educational aspects of medical oaths]. PMID- 6544368 TI - [Fibrosarcoma and progesterone]. PMID- 6544369 TI - [Bronchodilators in children less than 2 years old: what has been measured?]. PMID- 6544370 TI - A freeze-fracture analysis of intramembrane particle densities on dystrophic hamster heart sarcolemma. AB - The intramembrane particle (IMP) profile of control and dystrophic (Bio 14.6) hamster cardiac muscle plasma membrane was assessed in freeze-fracture replicas to determine whether this animal model of muscular dystrophy exhibits the same membrane characteristics found in skeletal muscle from other more thoroughly studied dystrophic animals, and to test the hypothesis that the plasma membrane of the cardiac muscle cell is the site of a defect associated with the disease. Samples of cardiac muscle tissue from hamsters ranging in age from 1 to 13 months were freeze-fractured. Intramembrane particle numbers were determined for all tissue samples by counting randomly selected areas of P- and E-face surfaces. Up to the age of 1 month, the particle density was the same in both strains of hamster, after which time, the population of IMPs was about 30% lower in dystrophic than in normal heart sarcolemma. This 30% difference in particle frequency in dystrophic hamster heart membrane is consistent with values published for cell membrane from other muscular dystrophies and supports the theory that there is a defect in the plasma membrane of dystrophic cells. In addition, this study has shown for the first time that a presumed membrane defect related to muscular dystrophy (reduced number of IMPs) may be present throughout the life of the animal (1-13 months), and expressed in every cell sampled. PMID- 6544371 TI - A morphometric study of intrafascicular vessels of mammalian sciatic nerve. AB - Intrafascicular vessel profiles were measured with a Quantimet image analyzer in 1-micron transverse sections of sciatic nerves of rats and compared with those of ("white") skeletal muscle. Blood vessels occupy the same percentage of the total tissue area in nerve and muscle tissues. The nerve, however, has much larger capillaries (about 1.7 X) spaced farther apart (about 2.5 X). Comparison of 3 1/2 month with 1-year-old rats showed that muscle capillaries increased in diameter (slightly, but significantly) at maturity, but those of the nerve decreased (also significantly). Vascular percentages of total tissue areas did not change. Nerve and muscle samples from monkey, rabbit, mouse, and cat show that the same striking pattern of large, widely spaced vessels distinguishes the nerve from other tissues. Minor interspecies variations exist. The nerve may contain as much blood as the muscle but its angioarchitecture suggests a lower exchange capacity. PMID- 6544372 TI - Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency myopathy: biochemical and immunological studies of the mutant enzyme. AB - A new phosphoglycerate kinase variant (PGK New Jersey) has been purified from muscle and cultured fibroblasts of a patient with recurrent myoglobinuria. The mutant enzyme had higher than normal affinity for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and 3-phosphoglycerate, and a shift of the pH optimum towards the acidic side. Antibodies raised against PGK purified from normal muscle were used to evaluate the presence of immunologically cross-reacting enzyme protein in tissues from the patient. Immunodiffusion and an antibody consumption test showed the presence of reduced amounts of cross-reacting material in the patient's muscle. Several PGK variants have been characterized in asymptomatic individuals or in patients with hemolytic anemia. The biochemical features of PGK New Jersey, the only known variant associated with recurrent myoglobinuria, distinguish this mutant enzyme from others. PMID- 6544373 TI - Evoked response testing in myotonic syndromes. PMID- 6544374 TI - Needle biopsy of skeletal muscle. PMID- 6544375 TI - Partially denervated and reinnervated muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: response. PMID- 6544376 TI - Parameters of infiltration in posterior fossa tumours of childhood using a high resolution CT scanner. AB - The computed tomographic changes in 23 posterior fossa tumours of childhood scanned on a GE 8800 scanner have been compared with the detailed operative reports in order to evaluate morphological features indicative of infiltration. The study indicated that the cyst wall of a cystic astrocytoma was always easily enucleated and was free from infiltration and that a sharp enhancing edge of a medulloblastoma or centrally necrotic astrocytoma was usually also not the site of infiltration. Other features however were found to be unreliable. PMID- 6544377 TI - Extradural hematomas: measurement of size by volume summation on CT scanning. AB - The method of volume summation (V = T(A1 + A2 ... An) was used to measure the size of extradural hematomas. The accuracy was tested on six different artificial silicone hematomas and the mean difference was -2.7 ml, SD 3.7 ml. The reproducibility was tested on CT scans of clinical hematomas, SD was 2.1 ml. An empirical formula for volume estimation then found: 0.5 X height X length X depth was moderately reliable, while midline shift and "vesselfree space" were poor indicators of size. In conclusion, the volume summation with manual outlining was found to be highly accurate, but the problems of CT smoothing, spectral shift artifact, partial volume effect and separation of the hematoma from other structures must be considered. PMID- 6544378 TI - ECG changes during cerebral angiography. An analysis of 334 patients--942 cerebral angiographies. AB - We have analyzed HR changes greater than 20% among 334 patients and 942 cerebral angiographies. A tachycardial effect was seen in 14.9% of patients, while a bradycardial effect was seen in 7.1% including two patients having cardiac standstill (0.5%). These two patients were examined without atropine premedication after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients under 19 years of age, unpremedicated with atropine sulfate and suffering from subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to ruptured aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation showed a significantly high incidence of bradycardia. On the other hand, patients with the neoplastic disease and having an initial sinus bradycardia showed a significantly high incidence of a tachycardial effect. PMID- 6544380 TI - Vascular steal associated with vein of Galen aneurysm. AB - Seven patients presented with neonatal arteriovenous malformation and vein of Galen aneurysms. Six had a large degree of vascular steal demonstrated by cerebral angiography and all had significant parenchymal loss on initial CT. Angiographically, the steal affected the ophthalmic artery and branches of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. Repeat CT in two patients, one of whom was untreated for 7 months, revealed pronounced atrophy. Patients with neonatal vein of Galen aneurysms present with parenchymal loss on CT which is related to vascular steal and may be progressive. PMID- 6544379 TI - Two cases of dural arteriovenous malformation occurring after intracranial surgery. AB - The occurrence of post-operative dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) has rarely been proved angiographically. The authors report two such cases: in one, a pure dural AVM was located in the region of the cavernous sinus and in another a mixed pial and dural AVM was found in the posterior fossa. The literature about pathogenesis is reviewed. PMID- 6544381 TI - Visualization of brain infarction with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. AB - Nine patients with cerebral or cerebellar hemispheric infarction and two patients with brain stem lesions were studied with NMR imaging in order to examine the lesion with different weightings on the various NMR parameters. The time interval between examination and the acute onset of the stroke varied from one day to six months. The lesions were clearly detected by the T1 weighted inversion recovery sequence but the tissue contrast was better using the spin echo sequence with a long repetition rate and a long echo delay (SE2000/100). In two patients the brain stem lesions were invisible with CT, but were easily depicted with NMR. In one of them the further progress of the lesion was also confirmed and visualized with the follow-up NMR study. PMID- 6544382 TI - Is there an increased risk of early side effects of metrizamide in post-myelogram computed tomography? AB - The safety of post-myelogram computed tomography (PMCT) as an additional diagnostic procedure to metrizamide myelography was evaluated. One hundred and four consecutive patients with suspected cervical cord lesions were studied prospectively; 50 had both myelography and PMCT, and the 54 acting as controls had only myelography. PMCT did not increase the incidence, severity or duration of common side effects and the majority of patients accepted this additional procedure. It is concluded that as long as care is taken to avoid the occurrence of excessive contrast in the intracranial subarachnoid space, PMCT is a safe procedure. PMID- 6544383 TI - Subaxial caudal dislocation of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Subaxial (below the C 2) caudal dislocation is in the present study defined as a complete or partial dislocation caudally of a vertebral body (C 3 or below) into the plane of a lower vertebral body. In rheumatoid arthritis this dislocation is combined with erosive lesions of the vertebral bodies. In the present retrospective study seven such cases are presented. All were middle-aged or elderly women with a long history of disease and all also had a horizontal dislocation at the same level. Two patients had this dislocation at more than one level of the cervical spine and in two patients there was encroachment on the spinal canal. Most patients also had dislocations at the atlanto-axial level. Neurologic sequelae were rare. PMID- 6544384 TI - Sphenotemporal buttress fracture. A report of five cases. AB - A new fracture type visible on CT images of the base of the skull is described. In this fracture the sphenoidal connection to the zygomatic and temporal bone breaks off all its three extensions. It was recognized in five patients with severe head injuries. In three surviving patients it was associated with ipsilateral persistent amaurosis. This fracture should alert the investigator to the possible sequelae of the head injury. PMID- 6544385 TI - Alzheimer's disease. A metabolic systems degeneration? AB - Alzheimer's disease can be considered a late-onset system degeneration, characteristically involving certain populations of cholinergic neurons but eventually involving other cells as well. Decreases in cerebral metabolic rate occur in it and may reflect not only decreased neuronal activity, but also deficiencies in metabolic enzymes. Abnormalities reported in nonneural Alzheimer tissues suggest that at the molecular level it is a systemic disease whose biochemical aspects can usefully be studied in nonneural tissues. Alzheimer's disease can be formulated as one of a number of metabolic encephalopathies that impair central cholinergic function. PMID- 6544386 TI - Stimulation of Snell dwarf mouse neuronal growth by GH and T4. AB - An investigation of the Snell dwarf motor cortex, area 6 of Caviness, was carried out by means of a modified Golgi silver impregnation method. The pyramidal neurons located in layer V were found to have small perikarya, short primary dendrites with sparse branchings. Following administration of bovine growth hormone (bGH) and thyroxine (T4) during the first 20 d of postnatal life, this retarded neuronal growth was restored to normal: neuronal perikarya were enlarged, and the dentrites were thicker with denser branchings. These results were confirmed in the sections stained for neuron specific enolase (NSE). These findings demonstrate that exogenous GH and T4, will enhance neuronal growth in the Snell dwarf cerebrum, and restore neuronal arborization to normal. PMID- 6544387 TI - Trilateral retinoblastoma. Pineoblastoma (ectopic intracranial retinoblastoma) associated with bilateral retinoblastoma. AB - A 5-month-old healthy boy had bilateral retinoblastoma. The left eye was enucleated and the right eye was successfully treated by external radiation. At the time when this treatment was completed, a large midline tumour mass in the sellar and parasellar areas of the brain was discovered by CT scan. This tumour was also treated by external radiation, but a recurrence was observed after three months. The patient died 11 months from the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. At autopsy the orbits showed no extraocular growth and the treated eye revealed only a scarred tumour. There was no evidence of metastatic disease. The brain tumour resembled pineoblastoma or differentiated retinoblastoma. It is concluded that the case shows all clinical features of 'trilateral' retinoblastoma, which could be confirmed by complete autopsy as well as neuropathological and ophthalmopathological studies. PMID- 6544388 TI - A syndrome with true anophthalmia, hand-foot defects and mental retardation. AB - A syndrome with true anophthalmia, facial anomalies, hand and foot defects and mental retardation, has been observed in three patients. This syndrome is different from the Lenz syndrome, which includes microphthalmia or anophthalmia with narrow shoulders, double thumbs, skeletal abnormalities such as clavicle thinning, dental, cardiovascular and urogenital malformations without mental retardation. PMID- 6544389 TI - Necrosis of the eyelids and lacrimal apparatus in congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann's syndrome). AB - An infant with congenital agranulocytosis (Kostmann's syndrome) presenting with necrosis of the eyelids and lacrimal apparatus is reported. Although the disease is rare, its presence should be considered in infants with severe localized pyogenic infections. PMID- 6544390 TI - Gillespie's syndrome (incomplete aniridia, cerebellar ataxia and oligophrenia). AB - Two sisters presenting with a Gillespie's syndrome are reported. This autosomal recessive syndrome is characterized by a circumpupillary aplasia of the iris, non progressive cerebellar ataxia and oligophrenia. PMID- 6544391 TI - The pathology of pingueculae in Gaucher's disease. AB - Several reports have noted an apparent association between pingueculae and Gaucher's disease and suggested that the yellow coloring of these lesions is attributable to Gaucher cells. The authors biopsied pingueculae from ten patients with this disorder and examined them by serial light microscopy and electron microscopy. They failed to find Gaucher cells in any specimen, but, as typical for pingueculae, the elastosis observed histologically could account for their yellow hue. PMID- 6544392 TI - Intestinal parasitic infections as a public health problem. PMID- 6544393 TI - [Sanitation education, a priority element in the fight against parasitic disease in developing countries]. PMID- 6544395 TI - [The role of a sylvan setting as a parasite reservoir]. PMID- 6544394 TI - [Comparative strategy of natural infestation by Teladorsagia circumcincta and T. trifurcata in sheep]. PMID- 6544396 TI - [Coccidia in wild mammals]. PMID- 6544398 TI - [12th national congress of the Italian Society of Parasitology. Abstracts]. PMID- 6544397 TI - [Composition of the gastrointestinal nematode population in the chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) in relation to variations in the environment in some zones of the central Alpine arc]. PMID- 6544399 TI - [Prevalence of antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 0:9 in an Italian agricultural area]. PMID- 6544400 TI - [Finding of Salmonellae in a sea-way situated at the mouth of the Tiber and correlation with indications of fecal contamination]. PMID- 6544401 TI - [Recent findings on the state of contamination of the Aterno river at Aquila]. PMID- 6544402 TI - [Prevalence of headaches in students of a middle school in the municipality of Rome]. PMID- 6544403 TI - [Trace elements in cow's milk on sale in Le Marche]. PMID- 6544404 TI - [Headache during the growing years: a longitudinal epidemiological study]. PMID- 6544406 TI - [Hygiene and public health interventions in a nuclear emergency]. PMID- 6544405 TI - [Microclimate research on traditional housing in Somalia]. PMID- 6544407 TI - [Update on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 6544408 TI - [Physiologic hyperbilirubinemia in low birth weight newborn infants: relation to gestational age, neonatal weight and intra-uterine growth]. AB - Neonatal hyperibilirubinaemia is a real problem for its possible repercussion on the psychomotor development, mainly in low birth weight infants. The Authors studied the physiologic course of bilirubinaemia in 513 low birth weight newborns and then related it to gestational age, birth weight and intrauterine growth. Results obtained show that neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia is strictly depending on gestational age, while both the birth weight and the intrauterine growth have no significant influence on its course. Certainly the very low birth weight infants run the higher risk of Kernicterus and brain injury due to hyperbilirubinaemia; they need therefore a quicker therapeutic approach, though the treatment of physiologic hyperbilirubinaemia must always be planned on the basis of gestational age. PMID- 6544409 TI - [Efficacy of phototherapy in the low weight newborn infant: relation to gestational age, birth weight and intra-uterine growth]. AB - Phototherapy is largely used in the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia, but its safety is very far from being proved. The Authors studied the effectiveness of daylight in low-birth-weight newborns. The results obtained show that the reduction of bilirubin induced by phototherapy is related with gestational age and intra-uterine growth. The very low-birth-weight infants, at higher risk of kernicterus, as they are more responsives to phototherapy, as well they are, probably, more susceptibles to side-effects. The Authors think that phototherapy should be planned on the basis of such observations. PMID- 6544410 TI - [Which light for phototherapy of the low birth weight infant?]. AB - We have compared three different fluorescent light sources (true light, blue light, true light + blue light) for phototherapy in 155 low birth weight newborn babies affected with non haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia. Our data suggest that blue light is significantly more effective than true light. Surprisingly the association of true light with blue light is significantly more effective than both true light and blue light separately. The greater effectiveness associated with the better tolerance of true light + blue light respect to blue light only, makes it preferable than phototherapy regimen, even if more extensive study on its effectiveness and on short and long term side effects are need. PMID- 6544411 TI - [Ineffectiveness of vitamin 25(OH)D3 in the prevention of hypocalcemia induced by phototherapy]. AB - Phototherapy causes a higher incidence of hypocalcemia in preterm infants by still unknown pathogenetic mechanism. The authors studied 100 preterm newborns in order to verify whether Calcifediolo (25-OH-D3) could be useful to prevent the phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia. Results obtained show that Calcifediolo is not able, anyway, to lower the increase of the phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia in preterm infants. Vit D is therefore unlikely to play any important role in the patogenesis of phototherapy-induced hypocalcemia. PMID- 6544413 TI - [Nutrition of the very low birth weight newborn infant (less than 1500 g). Experience with a formula for the premature infant]. AB - After a short review on the topic of nutrition of very low-birth-weight infants, particularly the very small preterms, results are reported on a trial with an adapted milk for prematures. Subjects involved had a gestational age of 28-34 weeks and weighed less than 1500 g thus representing a sample of very low birth weight babies. By using levels of MCT in the milk, a protein quota of 3, 15 g/Kg/day with 40/60 casein whey-protein ratio, an electrolyte content slightly higher than in most adapted formulas (for fullterm babies) and low osmolarity, good results were obtained for body weight growth, length, head circumference and subcutaneous fat. Growth indices were similar to those typical of the terminal months of intrauterine development as well as a satisfactory overall portrayal of biochemical indices of the nutritional status of VLBW babies. PMID- 6544412 TI - [Ureterocele: study of 66 cases observed in 60 children]. AB - Ureterocele is an unfrequent urinary malformation in pediatric age, but frequently it is clinically severe. Ureterocele in a double pyelo-ureteral system often presents very difficult treatment problems not uniformely dealt with. Authors report their experience with 66 ureteroceles observed in 60 children; more than a half of which were less than one year old. In the authors experience simple ureterocele does'nt give any surgical problem. On the contrary ectopic ureterocele, almost always associated with a pyeloureteral duplication, frequently gives some problems of surgical treatment. Treatment is always individualized but in our experience the best results have been achieved with unroofing of the ureterocele and upper heminephoureterectomy in one stage. This treatment can be used successfully in the majority of ectopic ureteroceles in pediatric age. PMID- 6544414 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic considerations on 533 jaundiced newborn infants treated with phototherapy]. AB - The authors have conducted a clinical and epidemiological study on 533 newborn infants with marked jaundice treated with phototherapy. They have considered the incidence of jaundice in relation to sex, etiology, gestational age and weight at birth. The authors have also evaluated the minimum, maximum and mean duration of phototherapy of different groups of newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia. Finally an estimation of initial, peak and final serum bilirubin concentration has been conducted together with an estimation of hourly increases and decreases of this concentration during phototherapy. PMID- 6544415 TI - [Neurologic consequences of the neonatal respiratory syndrome in full-term and pre-term neonates]. AB - Neonatal respiratory distress (N.R.D.) must be carefully dealt considering the high death risk as well as the possible neurologic damage in the survivors. Optimal perinatal management allowed a considerable reduction in neonatal mortality without involving, despite expectations, an increase in neurologic handicaps. In this contest we have considered 20 newborn infants affected by N.R.D. who revealed symptoms of neurologic distress at birth. Neurologic assessments were performed by a pediatrician immediately after birth and at regular intervals during hospitalization; special attention was paid to reflexes and neurologic behaviour. All study children were seen for neuro-development assessments at 3, 5 and 12 months from the date of delivery. Except for 2 who died, all the children we studied proved to have a normal psychomotorious development and no alterations were registered by the audiometric examinations. In order to avoid all neurologic handicaps the importance of the most qualified assistence is then stressed. PMID- 6544416 TI - [G6PD deficiency in a western area of Genoa. Genetic study of 4 new variants]. AB - Investigations for G6PD deficiency have been carried out among 900 subjects at the Paediatric Departments of the hospitals in Sestri Ponente and Pegli, in the western part of Genoa. 24 G6PD deficient males, 15 heterozygous and 1 homozygous females have been detected. Four variants, which have been encountered during the population survey, are reported. All of them, upon full characterization, were found to be unique new variants. PMID- 6544417 TI - [Physical exercise-induced bronchospasm in asthmatic children. Clinical usefulness of the specific free-running bronchial provocation test]. AB - Exercise-induced bronchospasm (E.I.B.) is frequently observed in children. Here are reported the correlation between E.I.B. and some clinical-anamnestical parameters found in a group of thirty-eight asthmatic children examined by exercise. The aspecific bronchial provocation test was performed with six minutes free-running. The exercise-induced bronchospasm was estimated by bronchial obstruction index (b.o.i.). All the children were tested at 4 p.m., out of attacks, without clinical signs of airway obstruction, with basal pick-flow rate (PEFR) at least 80% of predicted. We have looked for the possible correlations between E.I.B. and the following parameters: sex, exercise-induced asthma, house heating, season, period of clinical remission, length of the disease and number of attacks per year. These results indicate that bronchial provocation test with free-running is useful in asthmatic children to objectify the bronchial hyperreactivity and to follow-up the course of the disease. PMID- 6544418 TI - [Clinical approach to constipation: proposal of a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol]. AB - A study concerning constipation in children has been carried out in the University Department of Pediatrics and in the Division of Pediatric Surgery of Parma with the aim of reaching an homogeneus approach: it has been applied to 20 children up to now observed for such a problem. According to clinical and anamnestic criteria, children were divided into 3 groups on the basis of different degree of constipation: 1) moderate, 2) mild, 3) severe. Children belonging to the 2nd and 3rd group underwent barium enema and rectal manometry; two cases of ultrashort Hirschprung's disease and 7 cases of functional megarectum were diagnosed. Different treatment have been employed for each group and good results were observed in 18 cases. The AA. briefly discuss the different aspects concerning constipation and its therapy in childhood including diet, drugs, psychotherapy and surgical treatment. PMID- 6544419 TI - [Acute abdominal symptomatology and minor Salmonella infections]. AB - The author points out how salmonellosis called "minor" during childhood may simulate an "acute abdomen" creating differential diagnostical surgical problems. On a casuisty of 1450 pediatrics cases, he has noted this circumstance ten times (1,45%) and six of these subjects have had to be urgently operated of appendicitis at the moment of their admission to the hospital. Only one of them presented a phlegmonens appendix. Instead, as complication of this sickness, during its lapse, two cases of intestinal occlusion have occurred, in two children, one of which showed numerous ulcers of typhou type of the small intestine. He concludes that frequent coprocoltures in all clinical cases of pediatric abdominal pathology are important. PMID- 6544420 TI - [Acute non-lymphatic leukemia in children]. AB - 40 children (23 males, 17 females) have been diagnosed have ANLL during the period from february 1970 to september 1981. According to FAB classification, 24 cases were M1,-M2, 9 M3, 3 M4, 3 M5 and 1 M6. At diagnosis, 20 patients (50%) had leukocytes less than 10.000/mmc, 6 (15%) had leukocytes greater than 50.000mmc. Hb levels was 7 g% in 16 patients (40%); 10 children had hepatosplenomegaly (25%), 7 splenomegaly (18%) and 5 lymphoadenomegaly (13%). 4 patients had cutaneous or mucous infiltrates. None had meningeal involvement at diagnosis. According to the year of diagnosis, 3 groups can be identified. In the group I (1970-73), 11 patients have been treated with not codified combination chemotherapy as ARA-C, 6-TG, DNR, CTX, Metil-GAG. In the group II (1974-76) and in the group III (1977-81), the patients (respectively 12 and 17) have been treated according to the following protocols: LAM-5 (3), TRAP (5), COAP (1), LAM 80 (2), AIL 7402 (8), AIL 7604, AIL 7801 (6). Immunotherapy has been performed in 7 cases. CNS prophylaxis (MTX i.t. +/-ARA-C +/- RT) was given in 5 patients of group II and in 6 of group III. I patients of group I (45%), 6 of group II (50%) and 13 of group III (76%) achieved CR. Median duration of remission was 5 months in the group I and in 17 in group II and III.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6544421 TI - [A thymus extract (thymomodulin) in the prevention of childhood asthma]. AB - 41 children aged 2-12 years affected with bronchial asthma, have been treated orally with a thymus extract for three months (sep.-oct.-nov. 1980); a further period of treatment has been repeated during the month of March 1981. The following immunologic tests have been performed before therapy, 2 months after therapy withdrawal and 12 months after the second therapeutical discontinuance: plasmatic immunoglobulins (P. Ig), C3-C4 complement's factors, E-rosette forming cells (both active and total), surface immunoglobulins (IgS), PHA lymphocyte stimulation. Periodic anamnestic and clinical controls of patients revealed a significant reduction of asthmatic attacks during the months of observation, in comparison with the crises remarked in the same period of the previous year (the mean number of crises per child being 6 and 0.7 respectively before and after treatment, P less than 0.001). The immunologic tests, despite the clinical results, did not show significant modifications at the 1st control. Nevertheless the control carried out 12 months after the second therapeutical withdrawal demonstrated: IgG and IgM plasmatic levels significantly increased (1097 +/- 63 vs 906 +/- 45 and 122 +/- 10 vs 104 +/- 10 respectively, P less than 0.02) while IgE, C3-C4 plasmatic levels significantly decreased (232 +/- 57 vs 396 +/- 71, 132 +/- 6 vs 162 +/- 7, 22 +/- 2 vs 30 +/- 2 respectively, P less than 0.005). No side effects have been seen in all the patients treated. PMID- 6544422 TI - [Kaposi's varicelliform eruption. Presentation of 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of Kaposi's Varicelliform Eruption are reported. In all cases the herpes virus simplex etiology was demonstrated. Every patients had in the anamnesis clinical signs of atopy. The findings in all patients of depressed cell mediated immunity confirmed a minimal immunodeficiency as cause of atopy. The course of K.V.E. was normal, but the patients presented constant cherato conjunctival and palpebral alterations. PMID- 6544423 TI - [Polymorphism of the cleidocranial dysplasia syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases]. AB - Following a brief description of the clinical and radiological features of cleidocranial dysplasia (see Table), two patients are presented who respectively exemplify the classic and the incomplete form of this syndrome. The morphologic appearance of the bone segments involved may suggest a diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia even through occasional radiologic examinations, specially in the pediatric age. The patients suffering from this condition, which in itself is not incapacitating, should be serially observed so that appropriate therapeutic measures can be adopted, mainly in the presence of hip dysplasia or when the thoracic cage or the spine are severely involved. PMID- 6544424 TI - [Neonatal cystic lymphangioma]. AB - The A.A. reports a case of cystic congenital linphangioma of the face and neck, recently observed on the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The therapeutic approach was very difficult and required three times a surgical menagement because of successively relapses. The control and normalization of the compressive and infective complications due to the massa and its removal were hard too. In spite of some aesthetical problems, the results may be considered satisfactory. Our case enphasizes the intrinsec, complex, therapeutical difficulties of the cystic linphangiomas. PMID- 6544425 TI - [Crouzon's syndrome. Description of a case treated surgically in the fifth month of life]. AB - The authors describe a case of Crouzon syndrome, characterized by unusually early and serious symptoms, and surgically corrected during the fifth month of life, with good clinical and aesthetic results. PMID- 6544426 TI - [Paralysis of the sciatic nerve and gluteal necrosis caused by umbilical artery catheterization in a newborn infant. Description of a case followed for 6 years]. AB - A premature newborn developed left sciatic palsy and gluteal necrosis following umbilical artery catheterization. A six-year follow-up revealed an one-cm shortening of the left leg and foot, with an appreciable functional recovery. In connection with this rare thromboembolic complication of catheterization, we reviewed the Literature about the pathogenetic and clinical aspects of foot-drop and gluteal necrosis. PMID- 6544427 TI - [A case of transient congenital hypoaldosteronism]. AB - A case of temporary congenital hypoaldosteronism with normal production of other hormones of the adrenal is described. During early infancy the patient showed low blood aldosterone levels, increased ACHT and Hyponatraemia. Replacement therapy needed sodium chloride and mineralcorticoid drug administration (Florinef) until the baby was 9 month old. Later, spontaneous recovery occurred, confirmed by laboratory tests. PMID- 6544428 TI - [A case of rupture of the stomach in a premature twin infant]. AB - The authors review the predisposing and causing factors of gastric rupture in neonatal age. The importance of early diagnosis and immediate surgical treatment is stressed. A case is reported. PMID- 6544429 TI - [Prolonged remission of infectious symptoms during treatment with ascorbate in a case of Chediak-Higashi syndrome]. AB - A case of Chediak-Higashi syndrome in a 12-years old girl is presented. The Authors refer recent advances in the pathogenetic mechanism and in the treatment of this syndrome. Furthermore, they report a prolonged remission of infections during ascorbic acid therapy. PMID- 6544430 TI - [Blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus]. AB - Blepharophimosis, ptosis and epicanthus inversus is a rare well-documented autosomal dominant disorder. Described here is a family with typical features of this syndrome in eleven cases in five generations. Syndrome is discussed and blepharophimosis underlined. Blepharophimosis is also a minor defect in the contest of complex malformation syndromes having different aetiology (mendelian inheritance, chromosomal abnormality, toxic agents). The Authors believe that blepharophimosis, for its clinical evidence, is an important guide sign. PMID- 6544431 TI - A comparison of current measures of the accuracy of feeling-of-knowing predictions. PMID- 6544432 TI - Neuropsychological studies of the frontal lobes. PMID- 6544434 TI - The question of left hemisphere dysfunction in infantile autism. PMID- 6544433 TI - Psychosocial factors, immunologic mediation, and human susceptibility to infectious diseases: how much do we know? PMID- 6544435 TI - Illusory figures: a (mostly) atheoretical review. PMID- 6544436 TI - Tobacco, alcohol, and caffeine use: a review of their interrelationships. PMID- 6544437 TI - Familial correlations and X-linked genes: a comment. PMID- 6544438 TI - The frontal eye field in mammals: a comment on Crowne. PMID- 6544439 TI - Prevalence of trachoma clinical signs in right and left eyes of Ethiopian patients. PMID- 6544440 TI - Assessment of visual status of the population in seven regions of Ethiopia. PMID- 6544441 TI - [Trachoma detection campaign in the schools of Nouadhibou]. PMID- 6544442 TI - [Epidemiologic study of trachoma in 3 different areas of the Sfax region]. PMID- 6544443 TI - [Blindness in Behcet's disease (apropos of 41 cases)]. PMID- 6544444 TI - [The treatment of glaucoma in tropical countries by protected sclerencleisis]. PMID- 6544445 TI - [Site of onset of trachoma: the superior conjunctival cul-de-sac. Physiopathologic and clinical deductions]. PMID- 6544446 TI - [Necrosing keratitis in rice growers: a frequent cause of blindness in tropical countries]. PMID- 6544447 TI - [Acute epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis caused by enterovirus in Tunisia]. PMID- 6544448 TI - Methodologic approaches to trachoma control activities. PMID- 6544450 TI - General practitioners: allies or enemies of primary health care. AB - In this paper the thesis is advanced that the general practitioners can either be a powerful ally or a major roadblock in the development of primary health care in the spirit of the Alma-Ata Declaration. The role they will play depends on their interpretation of, and attitudes towards, the concept. In the first part of the paper, four common interpretations of primary health care (primary health care as a set of activities; as a level of care; as a strategy; and as a philosophy) are described. The second part identifies common misconceptions - traps into which the general practitioners may fall when taking their stand on primary health care. In the third part, a blueprint for transforming the current systems of primary medical care systems into primary health care systems is outlined. The final section suggests some concrete actions to be taken by the general practitioners in implementing this blueprint. PMID- 6544449 TI - Prevention of relocation of the aged in nursing homes. AB - In the period 1972-76 a descriptive and experimental socio-geriatric longitudinal investigation was carried out in the municipality of Odense. The aim of the experimental aspect was prevention of relocation of the aged in nursing homes. The practical work consisted in casefinding and social medical intervention by nurses experienced in geriatrics and in close contact with interdisciplinary groups. Emphasis was placed on familiarity with the structure of the social and health services, the provisions available, and with problem areas and deciding channels. Contact with the aged focused on gaining an overall impression of their situation, establishing mutual trust and cooperation. Aspects of the practical work that were emphasized were introduction to services, advice to the aged and personnel, coordination and follow-up for assessment of results. Twenty-three per cent of the age group 70-79 years and 51 per cent of the 80-years-olds and over were drawn randomly from the national person-register. In all, 4,128 persons were picked. They were then randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. On December 31st, 1976, 154 persons from the intervention group and 189 from the control group had been relocated in nursing homes. The difference concerned mainly women over 80 years of age who had a statistically significant low relocation risk in the intervention group. Fewer elderly in the intervention group were relocated in nursing homes compared to controls after mid 74. Findings showed that on March 1st, 1983, duration of residence (survival) in nursing homes for the 343 persons who had taken up residency, was rather similar for both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6544451 TI - Self-reported family history of hypertension in healthy middle-aged men. AB - A self-reported first-degree family history of hypertension was obtained by questionnaire in two consecutive subsamples of middle-aged male attenders to a multi-phased health screening program in Malmo. This corresponded to 2739 men in lower (36-39 years) and 6597 in upper (46-48 years) middle age. Reported first degree family history of hypertension was very frequent, about 26-27% in both groups. It was predominantly confined to the parental generation and was twice as common in mother as in father. Furthermore, the reported family histories showed marked interrelations. Thus, hypertension was much more frequently reported when both parents had the condition than if it only concerned one of them. It is proposed that these findings may reflect an increased awareness, investigation, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension rather than the genetic occurrence of the disease per se in modern society. PMID- 6544452 TI - Relationship between use of increased primary health care and other out-patient care in a Swedish urban area. II. Utilisation of out-patient hospital services. AB - The expansion of the primary care services and its effect on utilization of the out-patient services in hospitals by the public have been analysed by a number of authors. Evaluation of the links vary: some studies state that an expansion of primary care goes together with an increase or an unchanged utilization of hospital visits - out-patient clinics, while others say that a decrease occurs. The present study analyses this problem in Stockholm city. This study has a longitudinal design and it covers a study district and a control district. The results support the hypothesis that the expansion of primary care in the study area results in a significant decrease in hospital visits in this area. The decrease occurred in most age groups among men as well as women, regardless of the type of visit (emergency or by appointment); it also occurred in the usual speciality areas in the general practitioner's everyday work. PMID- 6544453 TI - Trade names and generic names. Problems for prescribing physicians. AB - Drugs are marketed with generic and trade names. Our purpose was to study whether this dual name system causes problems to physicians. We interviewed 102 Finnish physicians to find out how well they recalled the composition of combination drugs, and connected the corresponding generic and trade names. The generic name of the given trade-names were known on average by 83% of the physicians who had recently prescribed them, but knowledge of the combination drugs was poor. When generic names were given, on average 9% of the physicians who had prescribed them could mention the corresponding trade names. A multitude of names causes information problems, with possible clinical consequences. From the information point of view, one naming system would be desirable. PMID- 6544454 TI - Presentation of the nordic countries and their primary health care. 4. Sweden. PMID- 6544455 TI - Blood pressure and other risk factors in healthy middle-aged men in relation to self-reported first-degree family history of hypertension. AB - In a questionnaire-assessed first-degree family history of hypertension obtained in a sizable subsample of middle-aged male attenders to a multiphasic health screening programme in Malmo, the actual blood pressure distributions and other risk factors are compared in the different heredity groups. Both mean values and frequencies of borderline and hypertensive levels of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in groups with a family history of hypertension in particular biparental, than in those without. Reported paternal hypertension was less frequent than reported maternal hypertension but resembled more the biparental history group in terms of the recorded blood pressure levels. Several biochemical and physiological variables were compared between the groups, but there were no differences in associated risk factors, including blood lipids, except for higher serum urate in the biparental history group than in the others. Only part of the overrepresentation of increased blood pressure levels that was present appeared to be of the genuine idiopathic variety of hypertension, and the genotype for this disorder did not appear to be associated with other risk factors for hypertension in the population. PMID- 6544457 TI - Presentation of the Nordic countries and their primary health care. 5. Norway. PMID- 6544456 TI - Relationship between use of increased primary health care service and other care in a Swedish urban area. III. Utilization of emergency house calls. AB - The Matteus Primary Health Care Centre (MPHCC) is a pilot project with fullscale established future primary health care. Before the project began, the average district of a general practitioner consisted of 9 000 inhabitants. After the start of MPHCC the district level was 3 000 inhabitants per general practitioner in the study district. The populations utilization of the Stockholm emergency car service (SCS) has been analysed both before and after the establishing of the MPHCC in the northern inner city of Stockholm. The results confirm the hypotheses that the establishment of MPHCC reduces the workload on the SCS by 24%. The reduction is significant in all ages and for both men and women. The main period of the reduction is on weekdays 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. when the MPHCC is open. PMID- 6544458 TI - The hypertensive genotype. PMID- 6544460 TI - Assessment of medical certificates with a diagnostic outcome method. AB - This study which focused on the 169 approved certificates for patients applying for the right for "free" medication in a sickness insurance district during one year in Finland shows two interesting findings. These, cannot of course be generalized because of the low number of observations and of doctors involved (total of 17, of whom three had written the majority of the certificates): the strict application of the official criteria to the certificates would have caused 93% of them to be turned down as very deficient, i.e. not qualifying for insurance fund coverage of medication costs, compared with the 33% when using the generally accepted and tested valid criteria. The proportion of the false negatives when using the minimum number of the official criteria would have been 89%. However, all the 169 certificates had been accepted by the sickness insurance board on the advice of the physician member of the board; It was also found that the control of the BP after a treatment period of four months or longer before qualifying for "free" medication was far from adequate according to these data. Indeed, the longer the treatment period the worse the level of control. Although this does not tell anything about the level of control after granting the right for "free" medicines, it raises very serious questions and obviously needs a thorough clarification. If this finding were to be generalised which as yet it is not, it would mean that the whole system of free medication for chronic hypertension became questionable and that urgent measures would be needed to correct this weakness. The problem is of considerable importance from the economic point of view. PMID- 6544459 TI - Dental visits and self-assessment of dental health status in the adult Danish population. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study dental visits and self assessment of dental health status in the adult Danish population. The study group comprised 5151 persons (86.7% of the original sample) who were interviewed in order to determine living conditions. Questions on dental visits and self assessment of dental health status were included. 61% of the adult Danish population in the age group 20-69 had regular dental visits. Dental visit habits varied according to urbanization, age, sex and social group. Among well off persons 85% had regular dental visits as opposed to only 40% in the disadvantaged social group. Well off persons and persons with regular dental visits more often claimed good dental health than persons in the disadvantaged social group and among the non-regular visitors. In the higher social group 13% reported to have removable dentures in contrast to 51% in the disadvantaged social group. To isolate determinants of dental visits a multiple dummy-regression analysis was performed. Nearly 50% of the variation in dental visit habits was explained by the variables: urbanization, sex, age, perceived dental health status, education, work in exhausting jobs, income, social background and perceived psychological problems. Efforts to bring a greater part of the adult population in Denmark in contact with the dental health service system should consider these findings. PMID- 6544461 TI - Relationship between use of increased primary health care and other out-patient care in a Swedish urban area. IV. Use of private and other non public out-patient care. AB - In 1979 Stockholm County Council began a study of increased primary health care (PHC) at Matteus Primary Health Care Centre (MPHCC) in Stockolm city. The aims were to analyse changes in utilization of out-patient care (OPC). This article analyses the changes in the population's visits to non-public employed physicians. The study has a longitudinal design and covers a study and two control districts. The method is an enquiry before and after establishment of the MPHCC in the northern part of Stockholm city. In this study it was shown that increased PHC in the study district resulted in a significant decrease (27%) of the population's visits to private-, occupational- and school health physicians. Furthermore, the study shows a significant decrease of the number of individuals in the study district who visit these non-public employed physicians during a 12 month-period. PMID- 6544462 TI - General medicine; breaking down frontiers. PMID- 6544463 TI - Traumatic thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery. PMID- 6544464 TI - [Clinico-computer tomographic correlations in 3 cases of acute unilateral vascular lesions of the thalamus]. PMID- 6544465 TI - [Abnormality of the brain stem acoustic evoked potential in patients with malformations of the craniospinal junction]. PMID- 6544466 TI - [Sequential eye movements in developmental dyslexia (electrooculographic study)]. PMID- 6544467 TI - Epidemiology of Friedreich's ataxia in the province of Reggio Emilia. PMID- 6544469 TI - [Cerebral ictus as a possible isolated clinical expression of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 6544468 TI - [Usefulness of computer-tomographic myelography in cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6544470 TI - [Contrast media in radiologic diagnosis. Clinical and medicolegal aspects. Problems of tolerance and resuscitation]. PMID- 6544471 TI - [Contrast media in neurologic diagnosis. Special medicolegal problems of responsibility for administration]. PMID- 6544472 TI - [Direct percutaneous carotid arteriography. Considerations on complications and tolerability in 468 examinations conducted over a 3 year period (1981-1983)]. PMID- 6544474 TI - [Recurrent chronic polyneuritis. Neuropathologic models]. PMID- 6544473 TI - [Bilateral paralysis of the 6th cranial nerve after myelography with a non-ionic contrast medium]. PMID- 6544475 TI - [Biochemical diagnosis of subacute and chronic neuropathies]. PMID- 6544476 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome. Considerations in a case series of 40 patients treated surgically]. PMID- 6544477 TI - [Clinico-statistical and electrographic findings in carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6544478 TI - [Usefulness Of electromyographic examination of families of patients affected with hypertrophic sensory-motor neuropathy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). Preliminary results]. PMID- 6544479 TI - [Electromyographic sequelae in the Guillain-Barre syndrome. Longitudinal study of 20 cases]. PMID- 6544480 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid proteins in 3 cases of polyneuritis complicating plasma cell dyscrasias]. PMID- 6544481 TI - [Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in chronic polyradiculoneuritis]. PMID- 6544482 TI - [Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus. Evaluation with cardiovascular tests and correlation with peripheral somatic neuropathy]. PMID- 6544483 TI - [Clinical and biopsy study of 4 cases of chronic recurrent polyradiculoneuritis]. PMID- 6544484 TI - [Anomalous communication between the ulnar and median nerves in traumatic neuropathy. Electrophysiologic study]. PMID- 6544485 TI - [Bannwarth syndrome. Observation apropos of 1 case]. PMID- 6544486 TI - [Peripheral neuropathy and attempted suicide]. PMID- 6544487 TI - [Optic neuritis as the 1st symptom of alcoholic neuropathy]. PMID- 6544488 TI - [Chronic polyneuropathy of the "relapsing remitting" type in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6544489 TI - [Attempts at cure with high doses of gangliosides in diabetic autonomic neuropathy]. PMID- 6544490 TI - [Sensory deficit and changes in SCV as decisive elements in the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of the carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6544491 TI - [Clinical, electromyographic and psychological evaluation of 39 surgical interventions for the carpal tunnel syndrome. Statistical analysis of the data]. PMID- 6544492 TI - [Current diagnostic and therapeutic prospects in cervical spinal and spinal cord pathology]. PMID- 6544493 TI - [Lateral soft cervical hernias: review of 25 cases after surgery via the posterior approach]. PMID- 6544494 TI - [Anterior and posterior surgery in the treatment of cervicobrachialalgias]. PMID- 6544495 TI - [Decompression-fixation via the anterior approach with intersomatic arthrodesis and A.O. plates in neck injuries]. PMID- 6544496 TI - [Dorso-lumbar vertebral fractures. Combined approach (posterior and anterior) in 2 stages]. PMID- 6544497 TI - [Nonspecific postoperative discitis]. PMID- 6544498 TI - [Radicular anomalies]. PMID- 6544499 TI - [Spinal cord sciatica]. PMID- 6544500 TI - [Diagnostic update on the spine and spinal cord. Phlebography]. PMID- 6544501 TI - [Computerized tomography of the cervical spine]. PMID- 6544502 TI - [Computerized tomography and myelography. Indications and integration]. PMID- 6544503 TI - [Cerebral evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid examination in progressive spastic paraparesis (possible multiple sclerosis)]. PMID- 6544505 TI - [Dural arteriovenous fistula at the dorsal level. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6544504 TI - [EMG pattern of radicular lesions as a result of a herniated disks. Review based on 80 cases]. PMID- 6544506 TI - [Surgical treatment of worsening paraparesis in achondroplasia]. PMID- 6544507 TI - [Neuroradiologic and neurophysiologic studies in patients with olivo-ponto cerebellar atrophy]. PMID- 6544508 TI - [Recurrent paraplegia with complete recovery from spontaneous epidural spinal hematoma]. PMID- 6544509 TI - [Somatosensory evoked potentials: diagnostic and interpretive aspects]. PMID- 6544510 TI - [Rare case of Burkitt-like lymphoma in a 6-year-old child]. PMID- 6544511 TI - [Chemistry and tolerance of water-soluble iodinated contrast media]. PMID- 6544512 TI - [Hematologic alterations induced by contrast media]. PMID- 6544513 TI - [Cranial osteoma (synthetic review and case series)]. PMID- 6544514 TI - [Syndromes of compression of the distal tract of the deep peroneal nerve]. PMID- 6544515 TI - [Apropos of a case of essential neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal nerve: treatment by analgesia of the soft palate]. PMID- 6544516 TI - [Ambulatory EEG monitoring on a magnetic cassette. Possibilities and limits]. PMID- 6544517 TI - [Surgical treatment of cerebrospinal otorrhea. Technical note]. PMID- 6544518 TI - [Effect of the central noradrenergic efferent pathway on spinal cord functions]. PMID- 6544519 TI - [The cardiovascular center and centrally integrated patterns of cardiovascular activity]. PMID- 6544520 TI - [Roles of the central serotonergic neuronal system in cardiovascular regulation]. PMID- 6544521 TI - [Glutathione peroxidase--an antioxidative enzyme]. PMID- 6544522 TI - [Luminal secretion of gastrointestinal hormones]. PMID- 6544523 TI - [Anticomplement function of heparin]. PMID- 6544524 TI - [Discovery of the immunologic function of lymphocytes]. PMID- 6544525 TI - The medical care challenge of an aging population. PMID- 6544526 TI - The federal role in recreational boating safety. PMID- 6544527 TI - Projections of population growth at the older ages. PMID- 6544528 TI - Why health education must be in our nation's educational policy. PMID- 6544529 TI - Drug therapy in office visits to physicians. PMID- 6544530 TI - Growth of school-age population. PMID- 6544531 TI - Structural requirements for steroid inhibition of sheep lymphocyte mitogenesis in vitro. AB - The inhibitory effects of different steroids and related compounds on sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) during exposure to the mitogen, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), have been measured by the reduction of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. Dose-response curves showed that a maximum (or near maximum effect) was achieved at a steroid concentration of 12.5 microM. At this dose 19 of 41 compounds significantly reduced thymidine incorporation by activated PBL (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001). The greatest reduction was observed with 17-hydroxyprogesterone (-59%, i.e. reduced by 59% compared with vehicle control, 100%) greater than androstenedione greater than epitestosterone greater than estradiol-3-methyl ether greater than 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone greater than medroxyprogesterone acetate greater than 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione greater than 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (-24%). Among the steroids which showed the greatest inhibitory effect, 6 had a 4-en-3-one group in ring A, 4 had a saturated ring A (pregnane or androstane) and one had a 3-methyl ether group and a phenolic ring A. The wide range of structures represented by these inhibitory steroids suggests that inhibition of lymphocyte mitogenesis involves more than one mechanism. PMID- 6544532 TI - The effects of various steroids on testosterone metabolism by the sexually mature rabbit epididymis. AB - We examined the influences of steroids present in the epididymis on androgen metabolism by epididymal tissue and on the binding of androgen metabolites to the epididymal androgen receptor in castrated adult rabbit epididymides under in vitro conditions. The conversion of [3H]testosterone to [3H]17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (5 alpha-DHT) and to [3H]5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha (beta), 17 beta-diol was inhibited by unlabeled steroids in the following manner progesterone greater than testosterone greater than estradiol. Unlabeled 5 alpha DHT did not inhibit [3H]testosterone metabolism indicating that product inhibition is not an important regulatory event. The antiandrogen cyproterone acetate did not inhibit the formation of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites of [3H]testosterone. All of the compounds used inhibited androgen binding to the classically defined cytoplasmic and nuclear androgen receptor. PMID- 6544533 TI - The development of cortisol metabolism in the perinatal period in the guinea-pig. AB - Cortisol metabolism appears to be active soon after birth in guinea-pigs. Indeed, plasma cortisol half-life measured in three day-old animals resembles that of adult guinea-pigs (48 min). The metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of plasma cortisol as measured by continuous infusions of 3H-cortisol in fetal and newborn guinea pigs remained very low, increasing slowly and regularly during the perinatal period without abrupt change at birth. Whole cortisol MCR in fetus is presented as the resultant of the concomitant actions of three factors: transfer to the mother, fetal irreversible removal rate and placental metabolism. True fetal cortisol MCR could be dissociated from total cortisol MCR measured in fetus by comparing the ratios of other measured parameters in maternal and fetal plasmas. Until ten days post partum, cortisol MCR varied independently of body weight growth and reflected the maturation of catabolizing hepatic enzymes. PMID- 6544534 TI - Microvascular polytetrafluoroethylene graft in the rat. PMID- 6544535 TI - Circulating immune complexes in patients with leprosy. PMID- 6544536 TI - Studies of hepatic, brain monoamine oxidase and brain serotonin in rats. PMID- 6544537 TI - Evaluation of community health practitioners' activities. PMID- 6544538 TI - Infectious diseases in children at two university hospitals in Korea in 1980. PMID- 6544539 TI - Organisation of special and intensive care facilities for babies. PMID- 6544540 TI - The competitive inhibition of C-II dependent lipoprotein lipase activity by heparin. PMID- 6544541 TI - The effects of tenotomy on the ultrastructure of a rat fast twitch muscle. PMID- 6544542 TI - [Evaluation of post-ventriculogram ventricular function]. PMID- 6544543 TI - Lipofuscin granules in satellite cells and vascular endothelium of human abdominal muscles. PMID- 6544544 TI - Thermal effects in human plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL)3: a 13C-FT-NMR study. PMID- 6544545 TI - Familial aggregation of differences in blood pressure readings between two consecutive examinations. PMID- 6544546 TI - [Effect of puerarin on regional myocardial blood flow and cardiac hemodynamics in dogs with acute myocardial ischemia]. PMID- 6544547 TI - [Effect of gossypol acetic acid on early pregnancy in rats]. PMID- 6544548 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Swertia cincta Burkill]. PMID- 6544549 TI - [Studies on the active principles of the Chinese drug "shanglu" (Phytolacca esculenta Van Houtte). II. The isolation and structure of esculentoside E and F]. PMID- 6544550 TI - [The structure of ganhuangenin, a new flavonoid from the root of gansuhuangqin (Scutellaria rehderiana)]. PMID- 6544551 TI - [A study on the difference factor in computerized infrared difference spectroscopy]. PMID- 6544552 TI - [Studies on the physical structure and pharmaceutical properties of aluminum hydroxide tablets]. PMID- 6544553 TI - [Morphological and histological studies on the Chinese medicinal aconite roots of Xueshangyizhihao group]. PMID- 6544554 TI - [Studies on antimalarial agents. XIV. Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-quinolyl tetrahydronaphthols and aminophenols]. PMID- 6544555 TI - [Studies on antimalarial agents. XVI. Syntheses and antimalarial activities of 2, 4-diamino-6-[(substituted phenyl)thio, sulfinyl and sulfonyl] quinazolines]. PMID- 6544556 TI - [Studies on uranium mobilization drugs: synthesis of two new types of phosphonic acid chelating agents]. PMID- 6544557 TI - [Introduction of Physochlaina physaloides (L.) G. Don in Beijing and observations on its biological characteristics]. PMID- 6544559 TI - [The synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some p-, o- and m-trifluoromethyl cinnamamides]. PMID- 6544558 TI - [Pharmacology of Salvia miltiorrhiza]. PMID- 6544560 TI - [Studies on the constituents of Fritillaria walujewii]. PMID- 6544561 TI - [Isolation and identification of the lipophilic constituents from Artemisia anomala S. Moore]. PMID- 6544562 TI - [Analytical studies of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge and its preparations]. PMID- 6544563 TI - [Analysis of naphthaquinone pigments in Chinese medicinal "zicao", Arnebia euchroma]. PMID- 6544564 TI - [Some pharmacologic actions of glycyrrhizin in mice]. PMID- 6544565 TI - [Correlation between serum and saliva digoxin concentrations in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6544566 TI - [Effects of (-) and (+) gossypol on the fertility of male rats]. PMID- 6544567 TI - [Synthesis of cyclopentylpropionic ester of norethisterone acetate as a long acting contraceptive]. PMID- 6544568 TI - First Italo-Hungarian Symposium on Spectrochemistry: Environmental Protection and Spectrochemistry. Rome, Italy, 5-9 September 1983. PMID- 6544569 TI - Development of a hollow cathode method for the spectroanalytical determination of trace elements in biological materials. PMID- 6544570 TI - The ICP in the analysis of biological materials: possibilities and limitations. PMID- 6544571 TI - Spectrochemical analysis of biological materials. PMID- 6544572 TI - Some modern trends and analytical problems in environmental biochemical toxicology research. PMID- 6544573 TI - Atomic emission spectroscopy with a.c. interrupted arc and atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace and cold vapour technique in environmental protection studies. PMID- 6544574 TI - Solution emission spectrographic and spectrometric analysis of powders for environmental protection. PMID- 6544575 TI - Experience of the ISS group in air research on the application of atomic absorption spectrometry to field studies on air quality. PMID- 6544576 TI - Spectrographic determination of metal content in aerial dust deposits. PMID- 6544577 TI - Determination of trace elements in airborne dusts by means of the spark-like d.c. arc. PMID- 6544578 TI - Application of spectrochemical techniques in industrial hygiene. PMID- 6544579 TI - Laser Raman microprobe for the characterization of renal lithiasis. PMID- 6544580 TI - Remote sensing of gaseous pollutants with laser. PMID- 6544581 TI - Mass spectrometry in the field of clinical biochemistry. PMID- 6544582 TI - Study of the distribution of lead content in blood by means of atomic absorption spectrometry. PMID- 6544583 TI - Quality maintenance programme for lead and cadmium monitoring in blood by atomic absorption spectrometry in the framework of biological survey of population. PMID- 6544584 TI - Use of spectroscopic techniques for the determination of trace metals in natural waters and sediments. PMID- 6544585 TI - Application of the X-ray fluorescence method for environmental pollution measurements. PMID- 6544586 TI - Application of the Grimm glow-discharge lamp in surface analysis. PMID- 6544587 TI - Depth profile analysis with glow discharge lamps. PMID- 6544588 TI - Application of infrared spectroscopy in asbestos mineral analysis. PMID- 6544589 TI - Potential application of NMR spectroscopy for predicting rate of transformation of chemicals in environmental processes. Correlation between chemical shift and reactivity of carbon atoms involved in solvolysis processes. PMID- 6544590 TI - Mass-spectrometry determination of urinary catecholamine metabolites children with neuroblastoma. PMID- 6544591 TI - Applicability of spectroscopic techniques for determination of aluminium in biological samples. PMID- 6544592 TI - [Anatomo-pathological study of fatal cases of Malpolon monspessulana (Herman, 1809) (Reptilia, Colubridae) bitten in the head by Cerastes cerastes (L., 1758) (Reptilia, Viperidae)]. AB - Two Malpolon monspessulana (Herman, 1809) were bitten in the head by Cerastes cerastes (L., 1758). The first specimen is fastly dead ten minutes after the bite. This short time does not permit us to point out the lesions by current technics, but only by autopsy two sting marks of C. cerastes poison fangs bites. The second specimen is dead eight hours after the bite, an anatomopathological study shows oedematous and haemorrhagico lesions of the conjunctive and striated muscular tissues. The visceral wound chiefly consists in a myocardic erythrodiapedesis congestion, oedematous areas and alveolar bleedings, a biliar overcharge with vascular degeneration of hepatic parenchyme and also degenerative and athrocytar lesions of epithelial cells of contorted ducts of kidney. PMID- 6544593 TI - [Proprioceptive proximo-distal relationships between the quadriceps and soleus muscles in man]. AB - Electrical stimulation of femoral nerve modulates voluntary tonic activity o of ipsilateral soleus muscle. Stimulus time-locked inhibitory and facilitatory phases can be distinguished. EMG temporal analysis suggests that early perturbations are correlated with spinal effects of centripetal electrical activity. The inhibitory effects which momentarily abolish voluntary soleus activity are thought to result from quadriceps Ib fibres recruitment. While no heteronymous activity is induced at rest, femoral nerve Ia fibres activation can produce soleus muscle reflex when soleus motor nucleus excitability is increased by voluntary command. Recurrent discharge resulting from soleus reflex response enhances inhibition initially due to quadriceps Ib volley. Secondary effects of isometric quadriceps contraction (and soleus contraction when the femoral stimulus elicits a reflex in this muscle) have their own effects later. These findings suggest that proprioceptive relationships of the two muscular groups are efficient during tonic isometric voluntary command. PMID- 6544594 TI - [An electric aspirator for the collection of Phlebotomus]. AB - An improved mechanical method of aspirating Phlebotomine sandflies is described. The method avoids inhalation of harmful particles. Some 150 to 200 sandflies could be collected at a time without appreciable mortality. Sandflies collected are in excellent taxonomic condition. PMID- 6544595 TI - Dissolved organic matter status in Damietta estuary of the Nile. AB - The seasonal distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Damietta estuary of the Nile was investigated to show the influence of organic pollution. The DOM values increased generally with depth. The vertical values of DOM varied from 0.23-9.97 mg O/l. The average DOM values gave noticeable local variations in each month and pronounced monthly variations at each station. The maximum monthly average value in August coincided principally with elevation of temperature and the minimum in December is due mainly to the drop in temperature. The direct effect of pollution, in increasing the DOM content in the estuary, decreases relatively towards the sea, as indicated by the minimum regional average DOM value at the mouth of Damietta estuary. An inverse relationship was found generally between the averages of DOM and those of dissolved oxygen. PMID- 6544596 TI - [Diplectanidae (Monogenea) parasites of fish of the Kerkennah Islands (Tunisia)]. AB - Eleven Diplectanidae (Monogenea) gill parasites from various Sparidae and Serranidae of the Kerkennah Islands are noted. Three new species: Lamellodiscus hilii, L. bidens, L. impervius, parasites of Puntazzo puntazzo (Sparidae) are described. PMID- 6544597 TI - [Copepode parasites of fish from the Kerkennah Islands (Southern Tunisia)]. AB - Out of 29 species of fish from the Kerkennah Islands examined, 30 species of parasitic copepoda were collected which belong to seven families and nine different genera. Among them three new species have been found and ten were reported for the first time in Tunisia. PMID- 6544599 TI - World Health Day, 1984: Children's health--tomorrow's wealth. PMID- 6544598 TI - [Psychodynamic short-term therapy]. PMID- 6544600 TI - Cytochemistry of cell surface sialoglycoconjugates in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Effects of medroxyprogesterone therapy. AB - Ferritin- and rhodamine-conjugated Limulus polyphemus agglutinin was used to localize, by electron microscopy, and to quantify, by microfluorometry, the cell surface sialoglycoconjugates in human endometrial adenocarcinoma before and after medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy. In the untreated tumor the lectin labelling was irregularly distributed on the cell surface, with a maximum density at the apical area and at the intercellular border; high values of the density-binding sites on cell surface were also detected by cytofluorometry. The binding pattern in both electron microscopy and microfluorometry on normal tissue and on tumor tissue submitted to medroxyprogesterone acetate stimulation appeared clearly modified; the lectin labelling concerned the apical areas only (also after treatment with chelating agents), with low fluorometric values of the reactive site density. The differences found in the lectin binding to the cellular sialic acid residues may be due to sialoglycoconjugate quantitative changes and/or to their different reactivity resulting from alterations of the cell membrane architecture. The data appear also correlated with a different proliferative activity and ploidy level of the three situations analyzed. PMID- 6544601 TI - Carcinoma of the breast with osteoclast-like giant cells. Fine-needle aspiration cytology, histology and electron microscopy of 5 cases. AB - Five cases of a rare peculiar type of mammary carcinoma with osteoclast-like stromal giant cells are reported. The tumors are characterized by a large number of multinucleated giant cells in intimate association with the epithelial neoplastic cells. The light and electron microscopic observations confirm the earlier reports about the origin of the giant cells from mononuclear histiocytes as a local response to some tumoral products. In 3 patients a preoperative fine needle aspiration biopsy was carried out and the cytomorphology of these tumors is described to alert cytopathologists who encounter this entity in the routine breast mass aspiration biopsy. PMID- 6544602 TI - Twenty-sixth annual meeting of the American Society of Hematology. Miami Beach, December 1-4, 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6544603 TI - Variations in intestinal candida populations in patients receiving antileukemic therapy. PMID- 6544604 TI - Studies on the morphological changes of skeletal muscle induced by vincristine, vinblastine and colchicine. PMID- 6544605 TI - Studies on the muscle pathology in motor neuron disease. PMID- 6544606 TI - Percutaneous antegrade pyelography in children. AB - We report our experience with 107 percutaneous antegrade pyelograms in 79 children aged between 3 days and 14 years. The main indications for the procedure are outlined, together with a note on the technique. Puncture of the pelvicaliceal system failed in 10% of cases. The procedure is simple to perform and is preferred to retrograde urography, which carries significant morbidity and is impracticable in the male infant. Antegrade pyelography provides the definitive anatomical diagnosis of obstruction of the upper urinary tract. It is particularly useful in megaureters after reimplantation and in grossly dilated and/or poorly functioning systems where diagnosis of obstruction by radionuclide renal scan could be difficult. The procedure has been found to be safe and complications are minimal. PMID- 6544607 TI - Ureaplasma urealyticum and upper urinary tract stones. AB - The occurrence of bacteria and Ureaplasma urealyticum in the upper urinary tract was studied in 50 patients operated on for renal stones. Cultures were performed on voided urine, pelvic urine obtained during surgery and the stone. The chemical composition of the stones was analysed. Twenty-six stones were of metabolic origin and 24 infection-induced, i.e. composed of struvite and/or carbonate apatite. Ureaplasma urealyticum was cultured from the upper urinary tract in 1 patient with metabolic stones, and in 7 with infection stones. In 4 of these 7 patients no other urease-producing micro-organism was detected, suggesting that Ureaplasma urealyticum may have been associated with stone formation in these patients. PMID- 6544608 TI - Effects of high intake of dietary animal protein on mineral metabolism and urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate in renal stone formers. AB - The metabolic effects of a high protein diet (HPD) were studied in eight patients with idiopathic recurrent calcium oxalate stones. On the HPD there was a 35% increase in urinary calcium concomitant with increased excretion of cyclic AMP and hydroxyproline. These findings point to an enhanced resorption of bone, possibly secondary to increased renal loss of calcium. The urinary citrate decreased by 25% along with reduced serum standard bicarbonate and urinary pH. The high formation of acid metabolites might also have adverse effects on calcium balance and bone. Urinary oxalate excretion was not affected nor were there any significant changes in the calculated urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate, if changes in urinary citrate, pH, sulphate, sodium, phosphate and volume were also considered. This study suggests that the possible negative influence on the propensity to form renal stones of a diet rich in animal protein is probably due to reduced urinary inhibitory activity. PMID- 6544610 TI - Surgical intervention in dilated bilharzial ureters. AB - Surgery has often been performed for presumed obstruction in dilated bilharzial ureters but with unrewarding results. In this report 55 non-refluxing dilated bilharzial ureters were studied. Perfusion pressure flow studies and diuresis renography with washout technique were used to diagnose the presence or absence of obstruction. Surgery was performed only when obstruction was proven by PPFS and diuresis renography; thus patients were spared an operation when the obstruction could not be confirmed. Antegrade ureteropyelographic findings, evaluation of peristalsis and transport of urine were the basis for the selection of operation performed. The various surgical procedures are discussed. PMID- 6544609 TI - Prognostic factors in renal carcinoma. An evaluation of operative findings. AB - A consecutive series of 257 patients with renal carcinoma treated by radical nephrectomy is presented. The crude 5-year and 10-year survival rates for all patients were 47 and 31% respectively and for patients without distant metastases 62 and 50%. The importance of factors relating to prognosis was investigated with multivariate survival analysis. Metastases, nodal involvement and histological grade were strongly and independently associated with survival, but the influence of venous invasion was less important. When these factors are taken into consideration, direct extension, size and cell type of the tumour or sex and age of the patient give no significant additional prognostic information. PMID- 6544611 TI - Urinary tract undiversion. AB - Nine children underwent urinary diversion for lower urinary tract obstruction and were followed for periods of 2.5 to 15 years (median 10 years). Eight had cutaneous ureterostomies and the ninth had an ileal conduit. Undiversion was performed because of the return of normal function, the possibility of renal transplantation and ileal conduit stomal obstruction. The patients have been followed for periods ranging from 6 months to 9 years (median 2.5 years) after undiversion. To date, eight have moderate to good renal function. The remaining child has progressive renal failure. Eight are continent and one has mild stress incontinence. PMID- 6544612 TI - Repeated bladder distension by the Cystomat in the treatment of detrusor instability. AB - Treatment of idiopathic detrusor instability with drugs and prolonged distension of the bladder is often unsatisfactory. Some amelioration of symptoms has previously been described by using the Cystomat. The present study showed that 1 week's treatment with the Cystomat produced convincing subjective improvement as well as an increase in bladder capacity. The improvements were statistically significant and persisted for 3 months. Although the mechanism by which bladder distension exerts its effect is poorly understood, the technique of repeated distension offers an alternative in the treatment of patients with idiopathic detrusor instability. PMID- 6544613 TI - Biological behaviour and DNA cytophotometry of urothelial bladder carcinoma. AB - In this prospective study, primary urothelial bladder tumour specimens from 64 patients were investigated by means of DNA Feulgen cytophotometry. The patients were followed clinically for at least 7 years. The objective cytophotometric parameters correlated well with the histopathological grading and the cytochemical data were of considerable prognostic value. They were closely correlated with the stage of the tumour, 5- and 7-year survival rates and the probability of tumour recurrence. It is concluded that DNA cytophotometry can serve as a method for the standardisation of histological grading and can give more objective and more detailed prognostic information than conventional histopathology. PMID- 6544614 TI - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) as initial treatment of invasive bladder cancer. AB - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP) was used as the initial treatment in a pilot study of 17 patients with biopsy-proven transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. No patient had received any previous radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The clinical stages of the tumours were T2 (2 patients), T3 (13) and T4 (2). Before treatment the tumours were assessed by cystoscopy, biopsy, examination under anaesthesia (EUA), computed axial tomography (CT scan) and ultrasound. DDP was given at a dose of 100 mg/m2 intravenously with hydration using mannitol and saline. Each patient received three treatments at 3-weekly intervals. Twelve days after the third treatment, response was assessed by cystoscopy, biopsy, EUA, CT scan and ultrasound. Eleven of the 17 patients had a partial response. Survival was significantly increased in responders compared with non-responders. Seven patients had a low creatine clearance following treatment, 5 had audiograms showing evidence of ototoxicity and 2 developed leucopenia during treatment. This study confirmed the activity of DDP in bladder cancer and showed that it was active in producing a response in the primary tumour in 11 of 17 patients. PMID- 6544615 TI - Fibrescope urethrocystoscopy. AB - Cystourethroscopy with a small calibre flexible fibrescope may be performed under topical lignocaine anaesthesia with less discomfort to the patient than with a conventional rigid cystoscope. The method is safe and reliable. The technique is especially useful in out-patient surveillance of bladder cancer. PMID- 6544616 TI - Direct vision internal urethrotomy. A critical review of 365 operations. AB - Internal urethrotomy under direct vision for urethral strictures in the male was employed on 369 occasions in 225 patients during a 4-year period. A retrospective review of results showed an overall cure rate of 77% but the cure rate after each individual operation was less than 50%. Operations for recurrence carried a significantly lower cure rate than initial operations but even after several recurrences there were reasonably good results considering the relatively minor procedure. An active post-operative follow-up employing routine urethroscopy showed significantly better results than mictiographic follow-up. The post operative period of catheterisation and positive urine culture at the time of follow-up had no significant influence on the results. PMID- 6544617 TI - Closure of urethral fistulae by transverse Y-V advancement flap. AB - A transverse Y-V advancement flap procedure for the closure of urethral fistulas is described. This simple and safe technical aid helps to provide a double-layer closure and is also helpful in preventing recurrence of the fistula. PMID- 6544618 TI - A new operation for phimosis: prepuce-saving technique with multiple Y-V plasties. AB - The operation for phimosis aims at achieving normal preputial retractability and the prepuce need not be removed. A method is described in which multiple Y-V plasties relieve the phimosis without resecting any preputial tissue. PMID- 6544619 TI - The significance of the psychosomatic factor in urge incontinence. PMID- 6544620 TI - Congenital obstruction of the pelviureteric junction with spontaneous peripelvic extravasation of urine. PMID- 6544621 TI - Asymptomatic renal carcinoma associated with severe obstructive hydronephrosis. PMID- 6544622 TI - Primary chondroma of testis. PMID- 6544623 TI - Renal carcinoma showing a linear striated vascular pattern. PMID- 6544624 TI - Staghorn blood clot voided spontaneously from the urinary tract. PMID- 6544625 TI - Parameatal urethral cysts in newborn females. PMID- 6544626 TI - The value of the erect film in intravenous urography. PMID- 6544627 TI - Ultrasound-guided percutaneous one-step nephrostomy. PMID- 6544628 TI - Controlled release of microquantities of macromolecules. AB - A technique for insuring the controlled release of small amounts of macromolecules such as polypeptides from polymeric delivery systems is described. We show that incorporation of albumin in milligram quantities into these delivery systems can facilitate the sustained release of nanogram or microgram quantities of a model macromolecule such as inulin. The albumin-containing controlled release polymers did not cause inflammation or tissue damage in two commonly used assay sites for certain biological growth factors such as tumor angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors--the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and the rabbit cornea. The method reported here should be particularly suited to the delivery of purified growth factors which are active and usually obtainable in microgram or smaller amounts. PMID- 6544630 TI - Liposomes as active participants in experimental therapeutics. PMID- 6544629 TI - Labeling monoclonal antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments with (111In) indium using cyclic DTPA anhydride and their in vivo behavior in mice bearing human tumor xenografts. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) and their F(ab')2 fragments to human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and human melanoma-associated antigens were conjugated to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) via an acylation reaction using cyclic DTPA dianhydride. Relative immunoreactivity of the F(ab')2 fragments was as high as 70% when an average of only 0.7 DTPA molecules was conjugated per fragment, decreasing rapidly to less than 5% when 9.0 DTPA molecules were conjugated. The 111In-labeled whole MAb in mice bearing human tumor xenografts showed higher concentrations in tumor, liver, kidney, and spleen 7 days after injection of MAb when compared with the same MAb labeled with 131I. F(ab')2 labeled with 111In showed a marked persistence in the tumor-bearing mice with higher concentrations in all organs except blood, when compared with 131I-labeled F(ab')2. Radioactivity was particularly high in the kidneys. Although images of human tumor xenografts were easily visualized using 131I-labeled F(ab')2 3 days after injection, it was difficult to visualize tumor grafts with 111In-labeled F(ab')2 due to persistently high renal, liver, and background activity. Increased catabolism of the 131I-labeled MAb may be the cause of the difference; but antibodies with high immunological activity are a necessity for in vivo imaging studies before firm conclusions can be drawn. PMID- 6544632 TI - Symposium on arrhythmias I. PMID- 6544631 TI - Predictive value of trypan blue exclusion viability measurements for colony formation in a human tumor cloning assay. AB - Specimens (173) were evaluated to assess the predictive value of cell viability as measured by Trypan Blue exclusion on colony formation in a human tumor cloning system. Overall, there was no significant correlation between Trypan Blue exclusion-determined viability and colony formation in soft agar for these specimens (p = 0.43). This lack of significant correlation was maintained for primary, metastatic, solid, and fluid tumor specimens. These data suggest that, in this soft agar system, specimens containing cells with low Trypan Blue exclusion viability should not be excluded from testing, and that it may not be advantageous to plate on the basis of "viable cells" as measured by Trypan Blue exclusion. PMID- 6544633 TI - Symposium on arrhythmias II. PMID- 6544634 TI - Interactions between the autonomic nervous system and tachycardias in man. AB - We have endeavoured to present an integrated and dynamic overview of the interaction between the autonomic nervous system and cardiac arrhythmias. Our purpose was not to be comprehensive, detailed, or all inclusive but to present a clinically relevant summary of some of the areas where autonomic tone may be pertinent. Clearly, most arrhythmias are not the result of a primary autonomic nervous system disorder. However, subtle and overt alterations in autonomic tone, interacting with rate, pressure, cardiac volume, contractility, and the intrinsic myocardial electrophysiologic properties likely exert a critical influence on many cardiac arrhythmias. We wish to emphasize that autonomic effects may be temporarily concealed or overwhelmed during certain states or by the administration of drugs. However, the modulating role of neural tone and neurotransmitters is almost always present, contributing significantly to the outcome of therapy. PMID- 6544635 TI - Sinus node dysfunction. AB - The syndrome of sinus node dysfunction has become increasingly recognized as a cause of symptoms and morbidity, particularly in the elderly population. This syndrome does not represent a homogeneous disease entity. Increased investigation has shown that many pathologic conditions and pathophysiologic mechanism may lead to one of the several clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations of the sick sinus syndrome. Attempts to improve diagnostic accuracy, identify underlying mechanisms and to predict the outcome of therapy have led to the development of various diagnostic tests. However, at present these have proven of limited clinical value and the mainstay of diagnosis remains ECG monitoring. Treatment is directed at the control of symptoms with pacemaker therapy for bradyarrhythmias and combined pacemaker and antiarrhythmic drug therapy for the bradycardiatachycardia syndrome. PMID- 6544636 TI - Clinical electrophysiology of atrioventricular block. AB - The diagnosis of various forms of atrioventricular conduction disorder is considered in the light of intracardiac recording techniques. Criteria for the topographic diagnosis of AV block based on intracardiac recordings are described in this article. PMID- 6544637 TI - Clinical electrophysiology of supraventricular tachycardia. AB - In this comprehensive article, the authors examine the clinical and electrophysiologic aspects of supraventricular tachycardia. Included in this discussion are the various mechanisms that account for this arrhythmia, the types of supraventricular tachycardia, and the treatment for it. PMID- 6544638 TI - Clinical electrophysiology of ventricular tachycardia. AB - Programmed ventricular stimulation, electrophysiologic effects of various antiarrhythmic drugs, and the results of serial electrophysiologic testing in patients with ventricular arrhythmias are discussed. The use of discriminant analysis to predict the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs is also briefly analyzed. PMID- 6544639 TI - Evaluation and treatment of survivors of sudden cardiac death or nonbradycardic syncope unrelated to coronary artery disease. AB - The authors describe their clinical strategy and experience with electrophysiologic testing in a group of patients who have had at least one episode of sudden cardiac death or nonbradycardic syncope in the absence of coronary artery disease. Their study shows that for this population programmed stimulation commonly induces ventricular tachycardia, which can then be suppressed by drug therapy. PMID- 6544640 TI - Electrocardiographic monitoring in ambulatory patients with cardiac arrhythmias. AB - The merits of Holter monitor recording, intermittent event recording, and transtelephonic recording are stated, the equipment used for each method is described, and the type of data obtained is analyzed. PMID- 6544641 TI - Surgical therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Surgery guided by a greater understanding of the mechanism of arrhythmias has assumed an important role in managing recurrent tachycardia. Further progress will continue to broaden surgery's indications beyond the patient with life threatening tachycardias refractory to all other forms of surgery. PMID- 6544643 TI - Symposium on prognosis after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6544642 TI - Pacing and transvenous cardioversion to control tachyarrhythmias. PMID- 6544645 TI - Anatomic basis for tomographic analysis of the heart at autopsy. AB - As noninvasive cross-sectional (tomographic) imaging techniques become commonplace in clinical practice, an understanding of two-dimensional cardiac anatomy also becomes essential, both for the clinician and the pathologist. The tomographic analysis of normal and diseased hearts is presented in an atlas format to facilitate this understanding. PMID- 6544644 TI - Symposium on cardiac morphology. PMID- 6544646 TI - Clinical echocardiography in acquired heart disease. AB - Echocardiography directly reflects cardiac anatomy and pathology. A normal two dimensional and M-mode study rules out a multitude of cardiac pathologies. Echocardiography serves the clinician well in differentiating cardiac from noncardiac symptoms and in providing bedside quantitative assessment of regional and global left ventricular function. It is also invaluable in evaluating valvular disease, pericardial effusion, and intracardiac masses. PMID- 6544647 TI - Pathophysiology of atherosclerotic heart disease. AB - Coronary atherosclerosis is the major health problem of the twentieth century. Although there has been a recent decrease in mortality from this condition in many Western countries, the incidence has remained the same, and coronary atherosclerosis continues to be the leading cause of death. Our understanding of the disease process has been steadily increasing; however, much still needs to be clarified. The clinical presentations of coronary artery disease are diverse and not clearly linked to the severity or extent of the disease. Patients with similar coronary lesions present variously with stable and unstable angina or myocardial infarction, and all too many have sudden death as the initial clinical presentation. Recently, much attention has focused on the initial events leading to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Current concepts unite formerly opposed views on the roles of intimal injury, platelets, lipids, and monoclonal smooth muscle cell proliferation in initiating atherogenesis. Progress has been made in understanding the early structural and functional alterations caused by myocardial ischemia. This understanding is leading to the development of interventions such as intracoronary thrombolysis to prevent or limit permanent myocardial injury. Measures to prevent serious complications of ischemic heart disease such as infarct rupture, aneurysm formation, and ischemic cardiomyopathy are still needed. PMID- 6544648 TI - Myocarditis and endomyocardial biopsy. AB - There is little correlation between the clinical and the biopsy tissue diagnoses of myocarditis, and both are prone to false-positive and false-negative interpretations. Perhaps the most common error that leads to a false-positive clinical diagnosis of myocarditis is the preconceived but unproved notion that unexplained heart failure of sudden onset or rapid progression must be due to myocarditis. Therefore, most clinical diagnoses of myocarditis are presumptive and are never proved "beyond all reasonable doubt." False-negative clinical diagnoses may occur in patients with myocarditis in whom signs and symptoms are atypical or absent. The two most common sources of error that result in a false positive biopsy tissue diagnosis of myocarditis are a failure to recognize how many lymphocytes normally occupy the myocardial interstitium and a misinterpretation of noninflammatory interstitial cells as lymphocytes. Sampling error may be the most common cause of false-negative tissue diagnoses in patients with myocarditis. Myocarditis is characterized histologically by an inflammatory infiltrate and by injury to myocardial cells that is not typical of infarction. Healing may occur by resolution or fibrosis. I believe that quantitative evidence of an interstitial leukocytic infiltrate is currently the best histopathologic criterion for the diagnosis of myocarditis in biopsy tissue. In the setting of clinically suspected myocarditis, the tissue diagnosis of myocarditis in a patient's first biopsy should be designated as present, borderline, or absent. In subsequent biopsies, the myocarditis should be evaluated in a temporal as well as a qualitative or quantitative sense and designated as ongoing, resolving, or resolved. The nature of the inflammatory infiltrate and the extent of fibrosis should also be stated in all such biopsies. The pathologist should render an evaluation that is as accurate and unbiased as possible, since patients with a tissue diagnosis of myocarditis often receive immunosuppressive therapy that may have associated morbidity or even mortality. PMID- 6544649 TI - Evaluation of operatively excised cardiac valves: etiologic determination of valvular heart disease. AB - Morphologic evaluation of operatively excised native cardiac valves can lead to an etiologic diagnosis in most instances using a simple 10-step approach. With few exceptions, histologic evaluation of excised cardiac valves provides little additional information beyond this proposed morphologic assessment. PMID- 6544650 TI - Pathology of atrioventricular block. AB - This article provides a summary of the types of congenital atrioventricular block and the various acquired diseases in which atrioventricular block may occur. Some lesions found in atrioventricular block are illustrated. PMID- 6544651 TI - The old-age heart: aging changes of the normal elderly heart and cardiovascular disease in 12 necropsy patients aged 90 to 101 years. AB - In this article, morphologic changes affecting the myocardium, chambers, valves, epicardial coronary arteries, and aorta in the elderly but otherwise normal heart are discussed and are compared with and differentiated from morphologic changes causing clinical cardiac dysfunction, death, or both. PMID- 6544652 TI - [Value of the Gorrand lens in argon laser iridectomy]. PMID- 6544653 TI - [Limitations and dangers of peripheral iridectomy using the argon laser]. PMID- 6544654 TI - [Argon laser iridotomy in angle-closure glaucoma. Results of 300 cases]. PMID- 6544655 TI - [Yag-laser iridotomy. Initial results]. PMID- 6544656 TI - [Yag-laser surgery of glaucoma. Advantages and drawbacks]. PMID- 6544657 TI - [Trabeculoretraction. Particulars of the technic and its variants. Unusual cases and indications]. PMID- 6544658 TI - [Results of argon laser gonioretraction, apropos of 43 consecutive cases, with a follow-up of more than 1 year]. PMID- 6544659 TI - [Our initial results of argon laser trabeculoretraction in open-angle glaucoma. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 6544660 TI - [Results of 300 trabeculoretractions and study of the late failures in 150 cases with 1 year of follow-up]. PMID- 6544661 TI - [Failures of trabeculoretraction]. PMID- 6544662 TI - [Argon laser treatment of glaucoma resulting from pupillary occlusion]. PMID- 6544663 TI - [Report on a syringe for automatic injection of silicone oil. 1st clinical use]. PMID- 6544665 TI - [Extraction of pupillary membranes behind artificial lenses using the vitreotome]. PMID- 6544666 TI - [Plagiocephaly causing pseudoparalysis of the superior oblique muscle]. PMID- 6544664 TI - [2 cases of radiation retinopathy]. PMID- 6544667 TI - [Personal experience with implantation in the anterior chamber. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6544668 TI - [Therapeutic principles for retinal detachment following perforating injuries]. PMID- 6544669 TI - [Extraction of the crystalline lens in the young subject using phacophagia]. PMID- 6544670 TI - [Chronic atrophic polychondritis or relapsing polychondritis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6544671 TI - [A miracle or a mystery? Apropos of a late spontaneous recovery]. PMID- 6544672 TI - [The corneal replica technic in animals]. PMID- 6544673 TI - [Pelade of the eyelashes and eyebrows. Ophthalmologic interest and therapeutic perspectives]. PMID- 6544674 TI - [Fluorophotometry and the Fluorotron]. PMID- 6544675 TI - [Use of the laser in the treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 6544676 TI - Pathophysiology of chronic renal failure. PMID- 6544677 TI - Treatment of poisoning. PMID- 6544678 TI - Basic electrocardiography: abnormalities of electrocardiographic patterns. PMID- 6544679 TI - Allostery without conformational change. A plausible model. AB - A general model is presented whereby ligand-induced changes in protein dynamics could produce allosteric communication between distinct binding sites, even in the absence of a macromolecular conformational change. Theoretical analysis, based on the statistical thermodynamics of ligand binding, shows that cooperative interaction free energies amounting to several kJ . mol-1 may be generated by this means. The effect arises out of the possible changes in frequencies and amplitudes of macromolecular thermal fluctuations in response to ligand attachment, and can involve all forms of dynamic behaviour, ranging from highly correlated, low-frequency normal mode vibrations to random local anharmonic motions of individual atoms or groups. Dynamic allostery of this form is primarily an entropy effect, and we derive approximate expressions which might allow the magnitude of the interaction in real systems to be calculated directly from experimental observations such as changes in normal mode frequencies and mean-square atomic displacements. Long-range influence of kinetic processes at different sites might also be mediated by a similar mechanism. We suggest that proteins and other biological macromolecules may have evolved to take functional advantage not only of mean conformational states but also of the inevitable thermal fluctuations about the mean. PMID- 6544680 TI - High pressure dissociation of lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and reconstitution of the enzyme after denaturation in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. AB - Tetrameric lactate dehydrogenase from Bacillus stearothermophilus exhibits unusual stability towards high hydrostatic pressure: In contrast to the mesophilic enzyme, incubation at pressures up to 2.8 kbar does not cause irreversible denaturation. Hybridization under these conditions suggests partial dissociation to the dimer, indicating that reassociation occurs within the dead time after pressure release (less than 20 s at less than or equal to 40 micrograms/ml, 20 degrees C). Incubation at P less than 2.8 kbar affects neither the native quaternary structure nor the catalytic function of the enzyme. Reconstitution of the unfolded and dissociated subunits after denaturation, e.g., in 6 M guanidine . HC1, is characterized by fast association favouring the native assembled structure. Evidence from spectroscopic measurements shows that reconstitution starts with a fast refolding reaction generating a native-like conformation. The subsequent rate-determining transconformation of the "structured monomers" governs the kinetics of reactivation and reassociation as one single first-order process. Chemical crosslinking with glutaraldehyde proves that the "structured monomers" undergo fast association to form the tetrameric final state of reconstitution, with significant amounts of dimeric intermediates being detectable. The renatured enzyme is indistinguishable from the native enzyme regarding its physicochemical and enzymological properties (e.g., activation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, and susceptibility towards proteolytic digestion). PMID- 6544682 TI - Progress and prospects in human ecologic physiology. PMID- 6544681 TI - An investigation into the solution structure of the single-stranded DNA undecamer 5'd AAGTGTGATAT by means of nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements. AB - A 500-MHz 1H-NMR study on the single-stranded DNA undecamer (11-mer) 5'd AAGTGTGATAT is presented. Using a combination of one-dimensional pre-steady-state nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) measurements and two-dimensional homonuclear J-correlated spectroscopy, virtually complete resonance assignments are obtained. The relative magnitudes of the intra- and internucleotide NOEs indicate that the overall structure of the single-stranded 11-mer is a right-handed B-type helix with extensive base stacking. Within this overall structure there is quite a large degree of variability, as exemplified by variations in glycosidic bond and sugar pucker conformations, most likely determined by base sequence. PMID- 6544683 TI - Strategy of psychological adaptation to Antarctic conditions. PMID- 6544685 TI - General principles of adaptation of Donbass miners. PMID- 6544684 TI - Informativeness of EEG data in prediction of working capacity of operators. PMID- 6544686 TI - Functional state during work, working capacity, and health in man. PMID- 6544687 TI - Dynamics of circulation during expedition tour of duty. PMID- 6544688 TI - Individual features of responses to a combination of heat and physical exertion. PMID- 6544689 TI - Energetic and hemodynamic provision for submaximal physical exertion in elderly men. PMID- 6544690 TI - Effect of natural light-dark cycle on biorhythms in polar scientists. PMID- 6544691 TI - Voluntary control of momentary pulmonary ventilation by instrumental feedback. PMID- 6544692 TI - Study of correlation between cardiac cycle duration and rheographic characteristics of cardiac output. PMID- 6544693 TI - Physiology of work in the mountains: problems and prospects. PMID- 6544694 TI - Mechanisms of changes in adrenoreceptor activity of leukocytes during immune stimulation. PMID- 6544695 TI - Reflection of lateralization of acoustic stimuli in human evoked potentials. PMID- 6544696 TI - Temporal characteristics of evaluation of the simple properties of contoured and textured patterns. PMID- 6544697 TI - Duration of "rise-incisura" arterial pulse intervals in central and peripheral parts of the vascular system during postural changes in man. PMID- 6544699 TI - Analysis of maintenance of equilibrium of the human body after blocking of some types of proprioceptive afferentation. PMID- 6544698 TI - Dependence of blood supply of the leg on its longitudinal dimensions and biomechanical properties of the skeletal muscles. PMID- 6544700 TI - Changes in working capacity and electrical activity of muscles during the development and compensation of fatigue due to strenuous muscular activity. PMID- 6544702 TI - Disintegration of functional systems of immunologic defense in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency states. PMID- 6544701 TI - Metabolic effect of caffeine during muscular work, depending on the carbohydrate reserves level. PMID- 6544703 TI - Central control of the sensory flow in the human visual system. PMID- 6544704 TI - Laterality differences in visual perception. PMID- 6544705 TI - Effect of disturbances of function of nonspecific brain systems on visual evoked potentials. PMID- 6544706 TI - Electrophysiological parameters of activity of brain systems concerned with mobilization of functional reserves during muscular fatigue. PMID- 6544707 TI - Study of recurrent inhibition during orthodromic stimulation of motoneurons. PMID- 6544708 TI - Effect of alcohol on evoked electrical activity in healthy man. PMID- 6544709 TI - Reactivity of the cardiovascular system in essential hypertension. PMID- 6544710 TI - Pulmonary blood flow and arterial blood oxygenation in healthy men after seven days of hypokinesia. PMID- 6544711 TI - Effect of the ovarian cycle on blood supply to the limbs during exertion. PMID- 6544712 TI - Functional structure of the placebo response. PMID- 6544713 TI - Interhemispheric asymmetry of EEG frequency bands and its variation in normal individuals depending on lateralization of the dominant hand. PMID- 6544714 TI - Neuropsychological features of bilingualism in the light of functional brain asymmetry. PMID- 6544715 TI - Effect of mobilization of children of different ages in readiness for action on dynamics of visual evoked potentials. PMID- 6544716 TI - Disturbances of organization of the motor command in reactions of choice in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 6544717 TI - Recall of emotiogenic and neutral verbal information after monaural presentation during adaptation. PMID- 6544718 TI - Phenomenon of pseudolocalization of a visual pattern and functional asymmetry of the human brain. PMID- 6544719 TI - Functional interhemispheric asymmetry during recognition of different classes of visual stimuli. PMID- 6544720 TI - Dynamics of arterial oxygen partial pressure during sleep cycle in normal and premature infants. PMID- 6544721 TI - Calorigenic action of glucose in schoolchildren. PMID- 6544722 TI - Effect of geomagnetic disturbances on the state of cardiovascular function in athletes. PMID- 6544723 TI - Some properties of the response of muscle to passive shortening. PMID- 6544724 TI - The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and adaptation to stress in old age. PMID- 6544725 TI - Some electrophysiological parameters of the cortical dynamics during solution of problems of choice with a double picture. PMID- 6544726 TI - Temporal relations between simple and complex features describing a visual pattern. PMID- 6544727 TI - Some aspects of the use of sensory information by integrative brain structures. PMID- 6544729 TI - Information pathology of behavior and some mechanisms of autoregulation of higher nervous activity. PMID- 6544728 TI - Control of the human functional state. PMID- 6544730 TI - The stable pathological state and pathological system. PMID- 6544731 TI - Human adaptation to extremal conditions in Antarctica. PMID- 6544732 TI - Spatial dynamics of brain electrical activity during prolonged contact with physical factors. PMID- 6544733 TI - Individual typologic features in ability to control the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6544734 TI - Functional state of the pulmonary circulation in children aged 7-12 years. PMID- 6544735 TI - Correlation between characteristics of the prestimulus EEG and extreme sensomotor reaction time. PMID- 6544736 TI - Differences in information processing by the right and left cerebral hemispheres. PMID- 6544737 TI - At what age is supraspinal control of caudal segment of the spinal cord achieved in man? PMID- 6544738 TI - Effect of tranquilizers on critical flicker fusion frequency in the visual system. PMID- 6544739 TI - Natural electrical sympathetic activity recorded from the human skin surface. PMID- 6544740 TI - Investigation of external respiratory and circulatory functions determining and limiting human physical working capacity. PMID- 6544741 TI - A method of quantitative estimation of intracranial volume pulsation from data of the PV test. PMID- 6544742 TI - XXX annual conference, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India. Bambolim (Goa). Abstracts. PMID- 6544744 TI - The biometeorology of urbanization and housing in developing countries. PMID- 6544743 TI - Proceedings of the International Biometeorological Conference. New Delhi, India, December 26-30, 1983. PMID- 6544745 TI - A cooling power index based on human heat exchanges. PMID- 6544746 TI - The determination of degree days for the heating, cooling and dehumidification of buildings: its application to arid-zone development. PMID- 6544747 TI - Human settlement and tropical cyclones. PMID- 6544748 TI - The effects of the light-dark cycle and its inversion on the susceptibility of mice to lead acetate. PMID- 6544749 TI - Hypochondrias, somatic delusion and body scheme in psychoanalytic practice. AB - One of the objectives of this paper is to differentiate between various types of hypochondria. Phenomenic, dynamic and clinical aspects are specially emphasized and a case of somatic delusion is presented. The author attempts to explain the dynamic mechanism on which each type of the different hypochondrias is based in order to facilitate the technical work. The different fantasies about the body scheme underlying each type of hypochondria are described. Hypochondria related to a primitive conception of Body Image, where ego disorganization-fragmentation or ego liquefaction can be expressed as spilt of vital liquids or blood. The conceptualization of hypochondria based on autistic mechanisms can help to explain certain clinical presentations of encapsulated hypochondrias which have been silent for a long time. We therefore consider it is useful to widen the spectrum of hypochondria: every type of hypochondria has a different fantasy about the Body Image. PMID- 6544750 TI - Beyond Freudian metapsychology. The metapsychological points of view of the Kleinian School. AB - This paper deals with the term 'metapsychology' and its different usages, especially emphasizing the concept of 'point of view' in order to stress its epistemological importance. Two metapsychological areas are then suggested, each with different contents. After an enumeration and brief analysis of the main hypotheses of the Kleinian school, and applying the aforementioned distinction, the following points of view, contained in the Kleinian developments, are put forward and explained; namely, the positional, the economic policy, the dramatic and the spatial points of view. PMID- 6544751 TI - The hysteric's use and misuse of observation. AB - In this paper we have examined the hysterical patients' capacity to observe themselves and others and what they make of these observations. On the one hand they distort them or blur them by rapid acting, dramatic exaggeration, a quick shift in identification from one object to another; on the other hand they use some of their perceptions for a fine observation of the analyst's responses in order to involve him (or her) in their particular pathological relationship: dramatic, sensuously exciting, and one that arouses the highest expectations, only to frustrate them subsequently. PMID- 6544752 TI - Repression theory: a new look at the cornerstone. AB - The purpose of this paper is to revise the theory of repression so as to resolve long-standing theoretical inconsistencies, to increase congruence with data and concepts generated by new clinical problems; and to contribute to analysts' understanding of patients. Our approach is based on Freud's conception of psychic structure as based on representations, which stem from needs mediated through satisfying experiences. We have also adhered to Freud's persistently held ideas of primal repression as a state with its roots in trauma, and of repression proper as a defensive process evolving out of primal repression. The most significant clinical findings are the possibility of primal repression at any stage of life, not just in childhood; and the possibility of healthy development without repression. The revised theory leads to a new general classification of analysands and clarifies the need for both components of the psychoanalytic method, resolving intrapsychic conflicts and facilitating emotional maturation. The most significant theoretical outcome is a reaffirmation of repression as the basis for any general theory of psychopathology. PMID- 6544753 TI - Intermittent decathexis--a type of parental dysfunction. AB - This paper describes a type of parental dysfunction--intermittent decathexis- which apparently has not previously been reported although it occurs frequently, to varied extent. The dysfunction is introduced by some of the clinical material that originally brought it to the author's attention, is contrasted with the more usual parental investment in their children. Its relationship to depression and then to aggression is next clarified. Examples of the manifestations of having been intermittently decathected are offered from both child and adult analyses as well as the impediments it provides for a child's progressive emotional development. Finally, the evidence is presented which led the authors to conclude that metapyschologically intermittent decathexis is a primitive defensive manoeuvre. PMID- 6544754 TI - On the treatment of anorexia nervosa. AB - The omnipotent triumph over the selfpossessed object: this is the anorectic's raison d'etre. The successful evasion of being by love possessed, this is the methodology. Never to be found wanting, that is her interface. To be totally self possessed, that is the self she wishes to provide herself. Analysis to such a person is not a welcome procedure. In this report I have set out some approaches I have found helpful and pitfalls to be avoided. PMID- 6544755 TI - Infinite sets and double binds. AB - There have been many attempts to bring psychoanalytical theory up to date. This paper approaches the problem by discussing the work of Gregory Bateson and Ignacio Matte-Blanco, with particular reference to the use made by these authors of Russell's theory of logical types. Bateson's theory of the double bind and Matte-Blanco's bilogic are both based on concepts of logical typing. It is argued that the two theories can be linked by the idea that neurotic symptoms are based on category errors in thinking. Clinical material is presented from the analysis of a middle-aged woman. The intention is to demonstrate that the process of making interpretations can be thought of as revealing errors in thinking. Changes in the patient's inner world are then seen to be the result of clarifying childhood experiences based on category errors. Matte-Blanco's theory of bilogic and infinite experiences is a re-evaluation of the place of the primary process in mental life. It is suggested that a combination of bilogic and double bind theory provides a possibility of reformulating psychoanalytical theory. PMID- 6544756 TI - Understanding Matte-Blanco. AB - Matte-Blanco claims to explain a wide range of characteristics of the Unconscious from a simple base. His theory of the logic of the Unconscious is based on two principles: first, that the Unconscious treats every class as a subclass of a more general class. Second, that the Unconscious treats relations as reversible. It is claimed that it is possible to explain such a wide range of characteristics of the Unconscious because these two principles contradict one another. From the theory of formal systems we know that any theory with contradictory principles explains everything and so explains very little. PMID- 6544757 TI - The first analytic dream: mirror of the patient's neurotic conflicts and subsequent analytic process. AB - The unconscious of the patient who enters analysis is mobilized to communicate his infantile wishes and conflicts. Even though the 'basic rule' confronting the patient, to tell whatever comes to mind, does not explicitly state that he has to be thorough and clear, the expectation is there, and most patients try to meet it. Because of a combination of personality factors and unconscious intent, their initial reaction can take different forms. The first analytic dream may be such a form of communication, giving an undisguised picture of the patient's neurosis, its manifest content revealing the central conflicts and fantasies of the patient. I suggest that the phenomenon is due primarily to: A combination of ego functions involving autonomous and defensive structures, specifically the tendency to visualize and symbolize fantasies and conflicts concretely, instead of expressing them verbally, and a defensive configuration of externalization, denial and isolation. The influence of real life experiences on the patient's fantasies. PMID- 6544758 TI - A dual aspect of the transference. AB - I discuss the concept of the 'dual aspect' of the transference, by which I mean considering the analyst as simultaneously the receiver of the analysand's projections, and as different from these projections. I use detailed clinical material to illustrate the theme of the paper from a patient who gradually began to understand this dual aspect of the transference after many initial difficulties. I suggest that the difficulties experienced by this patient are common to many patients. PMID- 6544759 TI - The infant with poor vision. PMID- 6544760 TI - New aspects of colobomas and optic nerve anomalies. PMID- 6544762 TI - Congenital ocular hypopigmentation. PMID- 6544761 TI - Congenital retinal malformations. PMID- 6544763 TI - Problems of ocular miswiring in albinism, Duane's syndrome, and Marcus Gunn phenomenon. PMID- 6544764 TI - Dyslexia. PMID- 6544765 TI - Lacrimal system disorders. PMID- 6544766 TI - Microphthalmos. PMID- 6544767 TI - Extracorporeal removal of mercury by hemoperfusion through agarose-polymercaptal microsphere beads. AB - Uniform agarose-polymercaptal microsphere beads (APMMB) of 1.0-mm diameter were prepared by encapsulating thousands of polymercaptal microspheres of 0.8-micron average diameter within an agarose matrix. Those beads show a high avidity and affinity for mercury and readily remove mercury compounds bound to serum proteins. In vivo detoxification trials in dosed rabbits and dogs showed the effectiveness of the APMMB for removal of mercury compounds by hemoperfusion. The rate for mercury removal is enhanced by addition of cysteine. The biocompatibility of the APMMB, measured by the depletion of the formed elements and various soluble components of the blood, is also demonstrated. PMID- 6544768 TI - Convex-lens-on-slide: a simple system for the study of human plasma and blood in narrow spaces. AB - On clot-promoting surfaces, intact normal blood or plasma deposits fibrinogen and then supplants it with high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). On glass, plasma layers of less than about 25 micron thick, while still containing enough fibrinogen to coat the surrounding surfaces, lack sufficient HMWK per surface area to remove this fibrinogen deposit. Thus normal intact citrated plasma allowed to enter the space between a glass slide and a convex lens resting belly down on the slide will leave a disc of fibrinogen where the thickness of plasma layer was below this "critical height" H. The discs of fibrinogen left by plasma that lacks HMWK pathologically or by activation or dilution, are larger--the required H being greater. The present study shows that plasma dilution (final volume divided by original plasma volume) plotted against H yields a straight line. In preliminary series, the slope of this line increases with the atomic weight of five metals whose oxidized surfaces were used as substrates. In whole blood collected in either heparin or ACD, a circle of platelets adheres to oxidized silicon, anodized tantalum, or glass; this circle is similar in size to the one of fibrinogen left by plasma. PMID- 6544769 TI - The interaction of urea with the generic class of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels. AB - Work reported here shows that, contrary to reports in the literature, hydrogels made from pure poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), pHEMA, at crosslinker content greater than 0.15 mol % do not swell above the usual equilibrium values of 39-42% water content in aqueous urea solution. However, hydrogels containing small (impurity) amounts of methacrylic acid (MAA) do swell dramatically (approximately 90%) in dilute urea solution, but not directly due to the urea. The urea decomposes to produce ammonium ions, thus raising the pH of the solution. Ionization of MAA occurs above pH 6, causing electrostatic interactions within the gel. The grossly swollen state of these gels represents an internal equilibrium among forces due to rubber elasticity, polymer-polymer/solvent affinity, and electrostatic interactions. PMID- 6544770 TI - Equilibrium adsorption of human serum albumin and human fibrinogen on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. AB - The adsorption of human serum albumin and human fibrinogen on flat surfaces was quantitatively determined by measuring the decrease in UV absorption in the adsorption solution. The applicability of the method is discussed for hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. The values of equilibrium adsorption are presented- albumin on polyethylene, and fibrinogen on polyethylene, carbon, poly(2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and cellophane. PMID- 6544771 TI - Adsorption and reactivity of human prothrombin to artificial surfaces. AB - Human prothrombin in Tyrode's solution, in mock plasma (albumin, fibrinogen, and IgG mixture), and in citrated plasma adsorbs to Cuprophane, polyvinylchloride, and polyacrylonitrile surfaces. The adsorption of prothrombin is maximal in Tyrode's solution and minimal in plasma. The surface concentrations of prothrombin are highest on polyacrylonitrile, second on polyvinylchloride, and lowest on Cuprophane at all prothrombin concentrations tested in the bulk solution. Qualitative tests show that prothrombin adsorbed to polyvinylchloride can be activated by Taipan snake venom to generate thrombin that clots fibrinogen. However, more quantitative tests indicate that only part of the adsorbed prothrombin on all three materials can be activated to form thrombin exhibiting amidolytic activity. The partial reactivity of adsorbed prothrombin is further confirmed by release of 125I-peptide from surface bound 125I-prothrombin after treatment with Australian Taipan snake venom. Prothrombin bound to Cuprophane seems to promote granulocyte adhesion, but has no effect on platelet adhesion. PMID- 6544772 TI - Correlation between microstructure of Ag-Pd-Au-Cu alloy and changes in shape on aging. AB - An investigation has been carried out to study changes in shape on aging in plastic deformed Ag-Pd-Au-Cu alloys. The changes in shape were measured in order to establish a relationship to the aging heat treatments. Their microstructure was observed in order to clarify this phenomenon at the same time. They were also investigated quantitatively using a feature analysis system. The changes in shape were interpreted as the shrinkage in volume resulting from the formation of the ordered phase. They were smaller at aging temperatures below 673 K. The change in microstructure was different at aging temperature between 573 and 773 K. These phenomena were due to the following: First, nodules which nucleated at the grain boundaries would have grown into the grains well before the formation of the ordered phase, and second, the shrinkage in volume would have been of a different kind that the ordered phase. Therefore aging treatments should be carried out at low temperature in order to minimize the changes in shape. Also, nodular growth should be inhibited in order to maximize the hardening in Ag-rich alloys. PMID- 6544773 TI - Direct electron microscopy studies of the bone-hydroxylapatite interface. AB - The bone-hydroxylapatite interface has been examined directly in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The bone-hydroxylapatite interface was characterized by using several electron microscopy techniques, including bright and dark field imaging, electron diffraction, high-resolution imaging, and energy dispersive analysis in the scanning-transmission electron microscope (STEM EDS). Mechanical grinding followed by argon-ion milling produced interface regions of unstained and undecalcified rat bone and hydroxylapatite that were transparent to electrons. Thus the exact location of the interface could be established and the bone at the interface studied. Conventional and high-resolution imaging in the TEM demonstrated direct chemical bonding between bone and hydroxylapatite. The bone at the ceramic surface was the same as normal bone away from the interface. PMID- 6544774 TI - Intraocular-lens-endothelial interface: adhesive force measurements. AB - An instrument for measuring the force of adhesion between intraocular lens materials and the endothelium of excised rabbit corneas was constructed. The adhesion force was measured for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate (PHEMA), Duragel (amino-polyamide hydrogel), PMMA surface grafted with polyvinylpyrrolidone, and PMMA surface treated with sodium hyaluronate (Healon). The force of adhesion was reduced considerably when the PMMA surface was modified with a hydrophilic polymer coating. This is consistent with previous studies showing reduced endothelium cell damage for hydrophilic polymer coated intraocular lenses. Adhesive forces were also decreased by addition of polyvinyl alcohol or gelatin to the saline solution in which the corneas were immersed. Extension of this type of measurement to pericardium, vascular endothelium, and peritoneum surfaces may also be important to understand tissue damage problems in general surgery. PMID- 6544775 TI - Significance of the inner-surface structure of small-caliber prosthetic blood vessels in relation to the development, presence, and fate of a neo-intima. A morphological evaluation. AB - Microvascular prostheses with three different inner surface structures were examined morphologically 1-18 months after implantation to evaluate the presence and structure of the neo-intima. Fibrous polyurethane tubes (length: 5-10 mm, inner diameter: 1.5 mm) were implanted in the rat abdominal aorta in group A with a fibrillar inner structure (pore sizes 20-50 microns), and in group B the inner fibrillar structure was coated with an impermeable continuous silicon sheet. Expanded polytetrafluorethylene vascular prostheses (length: 40 mm, inner diameter: 4 mm) were implanted in the dog carotid artery (group C). The specimens were examined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A continuous and permanent neointima was only found in the prostheses with the porous fibrillar inner structure (group A). The thin new lining sheet was well attached to the prosthetic wall by cellular protrusions. In the silicon-coated prostheses (group B) also a continuous neo-intima had developed which, however, was irregular, thicker, and not anchored to the prosthetic wall. The expanded polytetrafluorethylene prostheses (group C) showed also after 1 year only incomplete lining with a neo-intima. Fresh blood cell deposits could be observed in the unlined prosthetic wall. It is concluded that a continuous lining of vascular grafts with a thin neo-intima is only achieved if the cells invading the prostheses from the anastomotic areas can anchor their cytoplasmic protrusions onto an appropriately structured inner surface. If these anchoring facilities are not provided, the unattached neo-intima will thicken, interfering with the patency of these microvascular prostheses, or fragments of the neo-intima or alternatively mural thrombi may constantly strip off and embolize. PMID- 6544776 TI - Development of topical BAPN delivery system for acute spinal cord injury in dogs. AB - Topical sustained release of various medications by a subdurally implantable device at the site of spinal cord injury is considered advantageous in the treatment of early symptoms of tissue damage. A typical case is the interference with collagenous scar by beta-aminopropionitrile, inhibiting collagen polymerization. Four materials, silicone, polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polyacrylonitrile-based hydrogel were evaluated for biocompatibility in subcutaneous implantations. The hydrogel, the least reactive, was then compared with silicone sheets as subcural implants. The histology favored the hydrogel as the most inert material, which was then used for the construction of soft, pliable pouches, releasing the drug through the hydrated wall at a rate controlled by an osmotic pump. PMID- 6544777 TI - The influence of dentine on the in vitro cytotoxicity testing of dental restorative materials. AB - Few in vitro systems for testing dental restorative materials have taken into account the protection afforded by the residual dentine in vivo. In turn opinions differ as to whether an increase in residual dentine thickness increases this protection. In this study an increase in the depth of dentine powder beneath zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) reduced its toxicity, while this was not the case with the glass ionomer cement. Compaction of the powder had no effect, suggesting that protection was due to binding of the toxicant to the dentine rather than it acting as a physical barrier. Protein was shown to be very important in moderating the cytotoxicity of ZOE. These results suggest that in vivo the irritancy of some materials may be related to the depth of residual dentine but not others. The effect of exposure period and volume of these materials on their cytotoxicity was also investigated. Increasing the volume of ZOE while retaining the same surface area increased the toxicity of ZOE, while with the glass ionomer it had no effect. PMID- 6544778 TI - Influence of the suture diameter on the tensile strength of polypropylene monofilaments and its relationship to the USP specification. AB - Ethylene gas sterilized polypropylene monofilaments were tested in a straight pull as well as in a conventional knot pull tensile test. In either case an analysis of the results indicates that the occurrence of "surface steps" may explain the relationship between strength and suture diameter. The present investigation not only shows that the polypropylene specification could be established on a more fundamental basis (using 60% of the ultimate tensile strength as the generalized criterion) but also suggests that other sutures should be evaluated similarly. PMID- 6544779 TI - Bond strength and hardness of light-activated composite resins. AB - The bond strength of visible light-activated composites to etched enamel was measured as a function of exposure time. Studies have shown that the bottom surface may not be as hard as the top after customary cure times. Therefore this study also measured hardness and related it to enamel bonding. Plexiglas molds were used to simulate extracoronal applications where light is not attenuated by enamel. Bond strength and hardness of the bottom surfaces reached maximum values after the same exposure times with two of the three composites. More exposure time than normally recommended by manufacturers was needed to obtain maximum bond strength to enamel. PMID- 6544780 TI - Inhibition of thrombus formation on intravascular sensors by electrical polarization. AB - Implantable biomedical sensors built on a silicon substrate capped with glass are currently being developed for intravascular applications. Electrical techniques for inhibiting thrombus formation on the surface of a proposed optical sensor in direct contact with blood have been investigated. Glass-on-silicon specimens (4 X 1.2 X 0.4 mm3) were coated with indium-tin oxide, a transparent conductor, and implanted in the vena cava and iliac veins of three dogs for 10, 20, or 33 days. The equilibrium surface-blood interface potentials of the specimens were modified by implanted current sources which supplied either direct current (8-15 microA) or 100 KHz alternating current (5 microA, root mean square). Light-microscopic and scanning electron-microscopic analyses showed each of the DC-polarized specimens to be free of thrombus, in contrast to nonpolarized (control) specimens on which varying amounts of adsorbed protein and thrombus deposits were found. Like the control specimens, the AC-polarized specimens formed thrombus, but the appearance of the deposits differed. These findings support the view that the polarity, magnitude and time dependence of the potential across conducting surface-blood interface significantly influence thrombogenicity. Further work is necessary to determine the roles of electrochemical and electrostatic factors in preventing thrombus formation on foreign materials. PMID- 6544781 TI - Correlation of tissue reaction to corrosion in osteosynthetic devices. AB - This study evaluated the interaction of osteosynthetic plates to adjacent tissue. Eleven patients had 13 plates removed with simultaneous biopsies of the adjacent soft tissue. Four patients had pain localized to the area of the plate and 11 patients had routine removal or removal for fracture nonunion. Each plate was graded on a 0-5 point scale for the amount and severity of corrosion present at the screw-plate interface. The adjacent tissue was fixed in formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The tissue reaction was graded on a 0-5 point scale based on the inflammatory response. A positive correlation of corrosion and tissue reaction was found that was significant at p less than 0.005 in the asymptomatic group. The other good correlation showed that tissue reaction tends to decrease with time at p less than 0.005. There was no correlation of corrosion with tissue reaction in the symptomatic removal group. All patients with pain adjacent to the plates were relieved by implant removal. The findings suggest that stainless steel is minimally toxic to human tissue in most circumstances and that the toxic products are well tolerated. There was a significant group (4/11) that showed a different pattern of tissue response which did not appear to be toxic response. We do not recommend routine implant removal to prevent metal toxicity; however, there is a group of patients who have pain in the area of the implant that may be caused by an allergic reaction and is relieved by implant removal. PMID- 6544783 TI - Difference of bond bonding behavior among surface active glasses and sintered apatite. AB - Three types of surface active glasses and sintered apatite were implanted in femurs of rabbits for 8 and 16 weeks and subjected to the push-out test to measure the bone bonding strength. The apatite surface layers of these materials, which were formed under in vitro treatment, were studied using IR, NMR, and AES. The difference in the bonding strength among these materials was shown statistically. The results of in vitro experiments explained the differences. It was concluded that the crystal chemistry and formation rate of the surface apatite layer significantly influenced the bonding strength. Materials that formed a surface apatite layer having a bone-like crystal chemistry and fast formation rate showed high bone bonding strength. PMID- 6544782 TI - An in vivo method for the biological evaluation of metal implants. AB - The peritoneal cavity of the rat was used as an implantation site in order to study the quantitative, cellular response and the qualitative, histopathological response to three metals (Ag, Sn, Cu). The effects of the metals on the cells were correlated with the cellular concentrations of the metal as determined by chemical analysis. Small variations in the cell population and a minimal foreign body reaction was observed with an implanted control material (silicone polymer). Large increases in the number of cells and an intense foreign body reaction was observed with Cu implants. Decreases in the number of cells were seen with Sn and Ag implants, but only Sn elicited a foreign body reaction. Implantation of Ag failed to elicit a foreign body reaction. Significant concentrations of all three metals were detected in the retrieved cells. PMID- 6544784 TI - Academic focus: graduate study in dental materials science at New York University College of Dentistry. PMID- 6544785 TI - Demineralization and ion binding action of polycarboxylate cement liquid on human dental enamel. AB - The demineralization and ion binding effects on dental tissues due to poly(acrylic) acid attack under different dilution conditions of the latter are studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that in addition to the general demineralization effects such as preferential prism core attack, prism periphery attack, and protruding prism rods, competing ion binding effects also occur. Using optimum dilution conditions, the microstructural effects of demineralization and ion binding are shown and the effects are related to IR spectral observations. PMID- 6544786 TI - Inhibition of surface induced coagulation by preadsorption of albumin-heparin conjugates. AB - Surface coatings of the albumin-heparin conjugates were developed to improve the blood compatibility of polymeric materials. Glass, PVC, Biomer and cellulose acetate were coated with albumin-heparin conjugate and its adsorption and desorption behavior on glass in particular was studied using 3H and 51Cr radiolabeled conjugates. Precoated materials showed a significant prolongation of the Lee-White clotting time as compared with noncoated ones. It was demonstrated that the prolonged clotting time for pretreated glass was due to surface bound conjugate. Prolonged recalcification times of plasma exposed to glass, Biomer, and PVC were obtained using albumin-heparin conjugate precoated surfaces. Albumin heparin conjugates with high affinity for antithrombin III gave more prolonged clotting times as low affinity conjugates when used as coatings for glass. This indicates that the behaviour of heparin in preadsorbed conjugates resembles that of heparin in solution. PMID- 6544787 TI - The electrical stimulation of bone using a filamentous carbon cathode. AB - Filamentous carbon fiber is an extremely compatible biomaterial. It does not corrode and elicits almost no foreign body response. In addition, this material is an efficient electrical conductor in vivo. These desirable characteristics suggest that carbon fiber may be of use as an electrode material for the stimulation of bone and/or soft tissue growth. This possibility has been investigated in a well established laboratory animal model. When used as a cathode material in conjunction with an implantable constant direct current device, carbon fiber was shown to be an effective electrode material for the stimulation of bone and fibrous tissue within the medullary canal of the tibia of the rabbit. Further, adjustment of current levels appear to allow some selectivity in terms of the amount and type of tissue produced. Currents in the 1 microA range produced a maximum amount of bone, whereas a 20 microA current produced a maximum amount of fibrous tissue. Intermediate current levels produced a proportional mix of bone and soft tissue. PMID- 6544788 TI - Effects of immersion in cholesterol-lipid solution on the tensile and fatigue properties of elastomeric polymers for blood pump applications. AB - Tensile and fatigue properties were studied on three kinds of segmented polyether polyurethanes developed for blood pump applications. To study the effects of plasma constituents, specimens were immersed in a cholesterol-lipid solution whose composition is similar to that of plasma. The results obtained were compared with those observed in a saline solution which had been reported previously. Immersion in the cholesterol-lipid solution has influence on the mechanical properties of Toyobo TM5 polyurethane and Avcothane 51: Its effect is enhanced by cyclic deformation. Cholesterol-lipids change the mechanical characteristics of Avcothane 51 more remarkably than those of Toyobo TM5 polyurethane possibly because the former contains about 10% silicone. On the other hand, there is little effect of the constituents of the cholesterol-lipid solution on the static and dynamic mechanical properties of Biomer, although moisture and cyclic deformation have some influence on the mechanical characteristics. PMID- 6544789 TI - Determination of extractable methylene dianiline in thermoplastic polyurethanes by HPLC. AB - Polyurethanes are finding increasing utilization in biomedical applications. Recently, the reported finding of methylene dianiline (4,4' diaminodiphenylmethane, MDA) in the aqueous extracts of autoclaved 4,4' diphenylmethane diisocyanate-based polyurethanes promoted our investigation of the origin and extent of extractable methylene dianiline in polyurethanes. A high pressure liquid chromatography procedure using precolumn derivatization is utilized to selectively monitor the appearance of this diamine in the aqueous extracts of polyurethanes subjected to water immersion, heat aging, and various sterilization techniques. No MDA was found in the aqueous extracts of the treated polyurethane except for the case of prolonged steam autoclaving. The appearance of 3-5 ppb MDA in the extract under these conditions is attributed to hydrolysis of the polymer. The stability of the polyurethanes under most conditions renders these materials useful in biomedical applications. PMID- 6544790 TI - The binding of metal salts and corrosion products to cells and proteins in vitro. AB - The binding of metal ions from salts and from corrosion products of 316 LVM stainless steel and MP-35 to blood cells and serum proteins was studied in vitro. In the first series of experiments, metal salts were added to whole blood and then the blood separated into red cells, white cells, and serum. Nickel from nickel chloride or corrosion products of stainless steel bound in very small quantities to blood cells. Cobalt from cobalt chloride bound to both red cells and white cells. Chromium from chromic chloride (Cr3+) bound to cells in very small quantities whereas chromium from potassium dichromate (Cr6+) and corrosion products showed very high to binding to red cells and some binding to white cells. In a second series of experiments the blood was separated into its components and then the metal salts were added and the binding pattern was identical. In a third series of experiments serum which had interacted with the metal salts or corrosion products was separated into its components by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels. Almost all of the metal, whatever the source, was detected in the albumin region of the gels indicating strong binding to albumin. These studies on the cell and protein binding of the metals help to explain the dissemination of corrosion products from the site of the implant and subsequent systemic responses by some individuals. PMID- 6544791 TI - Materials, clinical and morphological evaluation of custom-made bioreactive-glass coated canine hip prostheses. AB - Bioreactive-glass-coated hip prostheses were implanted in dogs for periods of time ranging from 3 to 17 months. The prostheses were tailor-made for each animal through the use of standard radiographs. However, such a procedure does not necessarily yield a close apposition between the glass layer and bone. As a result, the initial stability of the component can be lost before bone bonding is established. Secondary to this phenomenon, the micromotion can lead to a continuous disruption of the top film on the glass despite the evidence of various reaction layers on the glass surface. PMID- 6544792 TI - The fatigue strength of porous-coated Ti-6%Al-4%V implant alloy. AB - The fatigue behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V (extra low interstital) alloy coated with Ti 6Al-4V powder was investigated using rotating bending fatigue testing. It was found that the high cycle fatigue strength of porous coated specimens exhibited a substantial decrease compared to uncoated specimens of the same microstructure. Chemical analysis of the sintered surface revealed significant increases of interstitials compared to the bulk analysis, but it is concluded that this would not adversely affect the fatigue strength. Scanning electron microscopy revealed crack initiation close to particle/substrate contact interfaces and it is concluded that stress intensification due to these interface regions are major sources of weakness with respect to fatigue strength. Finally it was found that subjecting a polished Ti-6Al-4V specimen to the heat treatment required for sintering resulted in delineation of prior beta grain boundaries and it is suggested that this also contributes to the inferior fatigue strength of porous coated Ti-6Al-4V. PMID- 6544793 TI - Polyester prostheses as substitutes in the thoracic aorta of dogs. II. Evaluation of albuminated polyester grafts stored in ethanol. AB - In an attempt to find an alternative procedure to the preclotting of porous textile vascular prostheses, the feasibility of an albumin coating and ethanol preservation technique has been evaluated by implanting albuminated polyester prostheses as substitutes in the thoracic aorta of dogs. Nine different grafts representing woven, knitted, and velour constructions were implanted for periods ranging from 4 h to 6 months. At the sacrifice, the grafts were excized for measurement of the thrombogenicity of the flow surface, for pathological examination by light microscopy and SEM, and for quantifying the changes in the textile structure during implantation. Also the kidneys were removed and examined for infarcts caused by trapped circulating emboli. The healing characteristics of the nine different grafts proved similar and followed the same sequence of events as preclotted control grafts. The albumin coating and ethanol preservation resulted in a somewhat slower rate of healing. Yet, given sufficient time, a more completely healed graft was achieved as evidenced by the presence of endothelial like cells throughout the length of the graft. In addition, the albumin is believed to reinforce the textile structure by reducing the tendency to stretch and dilate in vivo. PMID- 6544794 TI - Improved photochemical bonding of composites to dentin using 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride. AB - The main objective was to evaluate the use of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride (4-META) to improve bonding of composite materials to dentin. Bowen's resin, containing camphoroquinone, was polymerized by exposure to visible light. In composites, made with a silanated silicate, inclusion of 4-META (3%) had little effect in increasing mechanical strength or adhesion to bovine teeth. However, direct application of 4-META via acetone solution was found to be an effective way of increasing tensile adhesive strength; by 240% to dentin (to 7.2 MPa) and by 160% to enamel (to 10.8 MPa). Applying the experience mentioned above, 4-META was used to bond a proprietary photocuring microfilled composite material to Class V cavities in freshly extracted human teeth. After thermal cycling between water baths held at 5 degrees C and 60 degrees C, all dentin restorations without 4-META failed, as judged by marginal leakage of a dyestuff. In contrast, using 4-META there was no leakage in 9 out of 10 cases. In restorations involving enamel, 4-META failed to prevent marginal leakage at the enamel margins but did prevent penetration along the dentin/composite interface. It is concluded that 4-META shows great promise for preventing marginal leakage at dentin/composite interfaces. PMID- 6544795 TI - A calorimetric study of the interaction of synthetic phospholipid liposomes with vinyl monomers, acrylates and methacrylates. AB - Mono-, di-, and trimethacrylates (monomers) are widely used in dentistry as restorative materials, adhesives, prosthetic devices, etc. It is known that the residual monomers released from the cured resin have been implicated in toxicological effects. In order to monitor the biological actions at the membrane level induced by monomers, we studied the changes in the phase transition temperature (T) and enthalpy (delta H) of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes induced by 37 different monomers using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The monomers that caused large changes in the T and delta H were vinyl monomers; acrylates; monomethacrylates that contain hydroxy, carbonyl, amino and phenyl groups; dimethacrylates with short-chain substituents; and aliphatic trimethacrylates. It is suggested that the changes in the T and delta H values may be due not only to hydrophobic interactions, but also to interactions induced by the double bonds or the functional groups in the monomers. On the other hand, methacrylates with simple alkyl ester linkage and dimethacrylates with bisphenol A groups exhibited the smallest changes. The changes in the T and delta H induced by highly hydrophobic methacrylates were small due to their slower interaction. These changes in transition properties of liposomes seem to be related to biological activities. PMID- 6544796 TI - The antithrombotic effect of prostaglandin E1 immobilized on albuminated polymer matrix. AB - For intravascular implantation, a biofunctional surface seems to retard surface thrombosis upon synthetic materials. Prostaglandins, like PGI2, PGE1, and PGD2, etc., are believed to stimulate membrane-bound adenyl cyclase and thereby raise intracellular levels of c-AMP within platelets, which inhibit platelet adhesion and aggregation. A new procedure is suggested for the immobilization of prostaglandin E1 on an albuminated polymer matrix, through glutaraldehyde coupling. Materials thus prepared show dramatic antiplatelet effects, with regard to platelet adhesion, when compared with albumin-immobilized surfaces. The affinity of various modified surfaces toward platelet adhesion is studied, using washed platelets suspended in Tyrode's solution. Octane contact angle studies are used to develop an understanding of the varied nature of bound substrates at equilibrium on polymer surfaces. These are studied at the solid/liquid interface, which is closest to in vivo conditions. The plasma recalcification time demonstrates the anticoagulant properties of various surfaces. A possible role of PGE1 in reducing platelet activity in the presence and absence of vitamin C is discussed. This technique may be used in the development of non-thrombogenic surfaces on existing biomedical polymers. Simultaneous pharmaceutical modification of the blood with vitamin C may enhance the blood compatibility of the surface. PMID- 6544797 TI - In vivo validation of a cell culture test for biocompatibility testing of urinary catheters. AB - Biocompatibility tests have been compared for their suitability as routine safety tests for urinary catheters. Latex catheters from five manufacturers were tested by each of the following four methods: (1) a cell culture cytotoxicity assay of catheter extracts, (2) intracutaneous injection of the extracts into rabbits, (3) intramuscular implant of catheter pieces into rabbits, (4) catheterization of sheep (mucous membrane irritation). The rabbit intracutaneous and intramuscular tests are both current pharmacopoeial methods for ascertaining the suitability of polymers for medical use. The four tests each showed a cell or tissue response ranging from no detectable change to severe damage, according to the catheter batch or brand, and they each identified the same samples as most toxic and least toxic. However, they differed in sensitivity. The sheep test and the cell culture assay discriminated between catheters of intermediate toxicity and ranked as toxic catheters not identified as such by the two pharmacopoeial tests. The sheep test most closely approximates clinical usage, but is impractical for routine use. The cell culture assay is a suitable alternative. It also has the advantages of a clearly defined endpoint, good sensitivity, reproducibility, speed, and reduced animal usage. PMID- 6544798 TI - Property changes of UHMW polyethylene hip cup endoprostheses during implantation. AB - In this study it is demonstrated that the combined chemical and mechanical influences of the implant situation cause property changes of ultra-high molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW PE) hip joint cups. Nearly 30 out of 48 loosened cups, retrieved 3 weeks to 11 years after implantation, were investigated. Density measurements show a density increase with implantation time and a dependence of these changes from implant position and loading conditions. The rate of extractable constituents also increases with course of time. An increased in vivo conditioned oxidation of the UHMW PE can be demonstrated by infrared (IR) spectrometry. The density increase can be explained by post crystallization, which is the result of oxidative chain scission. This leads to a reduction of the average molecular weight of the PE and to an increased extractability of constituents. Since these changes have been recognized as the reasons for aging and failing of UHMW PE, the methods of material characterization used in this study for retrieved implants will help to develop suitable in vitro testing and simulating methods. They are the prerequisite for the necessary improvements of the material properties of UHMW PE. PMID- 6544799 TI - The activation of the complement system by polymer materials and their blood compatibility. AB - The activation of the complement system by polymer materials and their blood compatibility. One of the negative effects of the clinical application of various blood-containing biomedical devices is the activation of the complement system induced by a foreign surface. A method of determining the hemolytic activity of human serum complement before and after contact with polymers was chosen in order to elucidate the relationship between polymer surface types and the degree of complement activation. The complement activation of each donor proved to depend both on his own complement reactivity and the type of polymer surface. The role played by each constituent was estimated using the rate constants for spontaneous (ksp) and induced (kind) complement activation. The negative correlation (-0,88, p less than 0,001) between the degree of irreversible adsorption of 131I-serum albumin and relative kind was determined. Thus, we propose the use of kind for the criterion of conformational alterations of protein macromolecules induced by the adsorption/desorption processes on blood/surface interface, leading to complement activation. PMID- 6544800 TI - Removable partial denture design: a photoelastic study. AB - Quantifiable frozen-stress photoelastic techniques were used to analyze stresses induced in mandibular models by a conventional free-end saddle removable partial denture. Four quasi-anatomical mandibular models were constructed for processing, together with their respective calibration specimens, through identical time/temperature stress-freezing cycles. After processing and slicing, an unloaded control model demonstrated some low-order fringes adjacent to the coronal third of the abutment tooth roots, but was otherwise stress free. A lower bilateral free-end saddle partial denture was constructed and fitted in turn to each of the remaining three models. Each denture/model combination was then loaded and processed through a stress-freezing cycle. After processing, 6-mm slices were cut from selected regions for analysis for the presence of stresses. Using a polariscope with circular polarized, monochromatic light, values for maximum shear stress were calculated at selected points in the slices taken from the three loaded models. Variations up to 28% of the mean were obtained for the three experimental models as compared with the consistent results for the material fringe values obtained from the calibration specimens. The study pointed out the problems involved in using photoelastic stress analysis on complicated anatomical models. The interpretation of the results from such studies should be approached with caution. PMID- 6544801 TI - Blood distribution of nickel, cobalt, and chromium following intramuscular injection into hamsters. AB - In vivo experiments were undertaken to study the transport of metal ions away from the intramuscular (IM) injection site and to study the binding of the metals to blood cells. Hamsters were injected intramuscularly with metal salts or with corrosion products generated by fretting corrosion of 316 LVM stainless steel or MP-35N plates and screws. The animals were bled at 0 time, and 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, and 96 h after injection. The concentration of nickel, cobalt, and chromium in the serum, attached to red cells, and attached to white cells was determined. This study showed that metals are rapidly transported from the intramuscular site with high levels in the blood by 2 h. The level of metal in the blood varied considerably with nickel being transported in high concentration to the blood, chromium with a valence of 6+ being transported to the blood, and cobalt and chromium with a valence of 3+ being transported less to the blood. The highest amount of cell binding was observed with chromium 6+. Cobalt showed negligible binding to blood cells. When all the metal salts injected together were compared with the individual salts injected alone, there was no difference. This indicated that the each metal behaves independently of the presence of the others. PMID- 6544802 TI - American Electroencephalographic Society. Guidelines for clinical evoked potential studies. PMID- 6544803 TI - Clinically useful applications of evoked potentials in adult neurology. AB - Recent advances in the field of sensory evoked potentials (EPs) have allowed assessment of function in regions of the nervous system that were previously inaccessible to noninvasive electrophysiologic study. Pattern visual and brainstem auditory EPs, respectively, are more sensitive to certain optic nerve or posterior fossa lesions than either clinical or laboratory tests. Short latency somatosensory EPs from the upper and lower extremities are sensitive to pathology at cervicomedullary and thoracolumbar levels of the neuraxis as well as to suprasegmental lesions. This article reviews the development of these tests as clinically useful tools and the applications in which they have contributed most to the practice of adult neurology. PMID- 6544804 TI - Psychotherapy of schizophrenia. What happens to treatment dropouts. AB - Sixty-nine nonchronic schizophrenic patients who had dropped out of psychotherapy were studied with regard both to reasons for dropping out and their subsequent clinical course, assessed by means of a retrospective, semistructured interview. Their 2-year outcomes were compared with those of a group of similar patients who remained in psychotherapy. It was found that the patients who dropped out were markedly heterogeneous in terms of their reasons for dropping out, and their subsequent outcomes. As a group, they received an unexpectedly substantial amount of subsequent psychiatric treatment, and after 2 years did not generally differ from those remaining in psychotherapy on measures of social or occupational functioning. PMID- 6544805 TI - The ethological approach to the assessment of depressive disorders. AB - The ward behavior of 29 inpatients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and that of six mixed psychiatric patients was studied by means of an observational method derived from ethological techniques. By these means the occurrence of a wide variety of behaviors was monitored. Depressives before treatment differed from the same group after 4 week of treatment on several items: eye contact, exploration of the environment, verbal communication, and all social behaviors increased, whereas crying, nonsocial behaviors, and pathological behaviors decreased. The same behavioral categories distinguished depressed patients in baseline conditions from controls. When depressives were divided into responders and nonresponders on the basis of their Hamilton scores, behavior differences were notable only in the responders. Some behavioral patterns, such as the rate of social behaviors, were related to personality traits, which were assessed by means of the Maudsley Personality Inventory. Finally, some behavioral categories bore some weak, though significant, relationships to the Hamilton Rating Scale. The above results seem to indicate that a behavior pattern specific to depressive psychopathology does exist and closely resembles the one identified by the classical clinical description of depression. Ethological assessment may therefore be a useful tool in psychiatry, as it can evaluate the clinical picture in a different frame of reference from psychiatric interviews. PMID- 6544806 TI - The psychodynamics of opiate addiction. AB - Opiate addicts and polydrug, but nonopiate, substance abusers were assessed for depression on the Raskin rating scale for a clinical interview and several self report measures of depression including the Hamilton, SCL-90, and the recently developed Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ), which differentially assesses depression focused around neediness from a depression focused around self-criticism (guilt and shame). Opiate addicts were consistently more depressed than polydrug drug abusers on all the measures. On the DEQ, opiate addicts were significantly (p less than .001) more depressed than normals and even somewhat more depressed than psychiatric patients. This depression, however, was focused primarily around issues of self-criticism, guilt, and shame rather than issues of dependency, abandonment, rejection, and neglect. Even further, depression focused around self-criticism, as measured on the DEQ, was significantly correlated (p less than .001) with the extent to which the polydrug, non-opiate-addicted substance abusers had begun to experiment with opiates. These data suggest that intense depression, particularly depression focused around issues of self criticism, has an important role in opiate addiction. PMID- 6544807 TI - Follow-up of females with gender identity disorders. AB - The present paper reports on the course of 15 young female-to-male transsexual applicants followed for 1 to 9 years after initial evaluation. Each patient completed a lengthy evaluation process including detailed semistructured interviews and a battery of psychological tests. Of the 15 applicants, 10 went on to live full time in the male role; however, one of these later returned to living as a female. This woman and three others were living as lesbians at last follow-up, while the two other patients continued to live in a more ambiguously male-female role. Psychosocial functioning at the time of follow-up in terms of employment, partners, and psychiatric status is reviewed. A supportive problem solving psychotherapy program was offered to all of these patients and seven became actively involved in therapy. The potential benefits and limitations of psychotherapy with female gender dysphoric patients are discussed. PMID- 6544808 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test during bereavement. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST) was given to 13 elderly grieving subjects having a major depressive disorder. Forty-six per cent had some predisposition for depression. All had a post-DST, 4:00 p.m. serum cortisol below 5 micrograms/dl, but these cortisols correlated with Hamilton Depression scores (r = .59, p less than .05). PMID- 6544809 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test and clinical decision making. AB - Recent research has challenged the reliability and validity of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) as a specific laboratory diagnostic tool in psychiatry. This study investigated its effects on clinical decision making. Test results were found to have minimal impact on diagnostic and treatment decisions. This finding is discussed in light of other "negative" evidence regarding the DST. PMID- 6544810 TI - Factitial aplastic anemia. AB - A 29-year-old married nurse with pancytopenia was discovered to be surreptitiously ingesting alkylating agents. Despite her life-threatening behavior, there was no evidence that she was psychotic, depressed, or cognitively impaired. Psychological testing was indicative of a sociopathic personality. The patient and her behavior elicited considerable affect and controversy among members of her health team. It is hypothesized that the patient's behavior resulted from longstanding low self-esteem. The production of a dramatic illness gratified dependency needs and fooling physicians gave her a sense of power. PMID- 6544811 TI - Re: The incorrect application of traditional test discriminating power formulations to diagnostic-group studies. PMID- 6544812 TI - Bone and liver images in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland: concise communication. AB - Thirty-four patients with surgically documented medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) and elevated serum calcitonin levels had Tc-99m phosphate bone and/or Tc-99m sulfur colloid liver images for suspected metastases. Liver images demonstrated metastatic lesions in nine of 32 patients (28%). Bone images were positive for metastases in eight of 30 patients (27%). Four of these eight abnormal bone studies detected only skeletal lesions, two demonstrated only extraosseous metastases, and two showed both kinds. Of 18 patients with both radionuclide bone studies and skeletal radiographs, four demonstrated skeletal metastases, and lesions were recognized on both examinations. This study demonstrates that radionuclide bone and liver images frequently detect metastatic lesions in patients with MCT and elevated serum calcitonin levels, and that some nonskeletal metastases in patients with this tumor display an unusual affinity for bone-seeking radiotracers. PMID- 6544813 TI - Three-phase bone studies in hemiplegia with reflex sympathetic dystrophy and the effect of disuse. AB - Eighty-five patients with cerebral vascular accidents were assessed with three phase bone scintigraphy of the hands and with whole-body delayed bone imaging. Nine patients (10%) had normal three-phase bone images. Fifty-five patients (65%) showed decreased blood flow and blood-pool images of the hands and wrists with normal delayed bone scintigrams, indicating the effect of paralysis or disuse. Twenty-one patients (25%) had diffuse increased uptake with periarticular accentuation, felt to be bone-scintigraphic evidence of reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the hands and wrists; in two patients this occurred before its clinical appearance. Thirteen of the 21 reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndromes (RDS)-involved limbs (62%) had increased blood flow, whereas 8 (38%) had decreased flow. Gross limb blood flow appears to be related to the degree of muscle activity, but flow may be altered by the presence of sympathetic changes. A possible dissociation between whole-limb flow and bone blood flow in paralyzed limbs involved with RDS is discussed. The elbow was involved in only one case, and a true "shoulder-hand" distribution was seen in only 11 of 21 cases (52%). Five patients (6%) had leg involvement on whole-body imaging. Traumatic synovitis of the wrist, and trauma to subluxed shoulders, could be recognized on the delayed study. PMID- 6544814 TI - The effects of inadvertent administration of antineoplastic agents prior to Ga-67 injection: concise communication. AB - Alteration of the gallium-67 (Ga-67) distribution after administration of chemotherapeutic agents has been demonstrated in experiments on both normal and tumor-bearing animals. We have encountered eight patients who had Ga-67 scintigrams in which the findings were similar to those in the animals experiments: markedly increased uptake in bone, with suppressed uptake in liver, muscle, and tumor. Five of the patients had hematologic neoplasms, and three had solid tumors, and each had received one or more chemotherapeutic agents during the 24 hr preceding Ga-67 administration. In three patients while not on antineoplastic medication subsequent Ga-67 images showed a return to the usual Ga 67 distribution pattern. The altered Ga-67 distribution may result from inhibition of protein synthesis or of a serum-binding agent for Ga-67, or from competitive blockage of specific Ga-67 organ receptors by the antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6544815 TI - Portrayal of pheochromocytoma and normal human adrenal medulla by m [123I]iodobenzylguanidine: concise communication. AB - The radiopharmaceutical m-[131I]iodobenzylguanidine (I-131 MIBG), which is readily taken up by adrenergic vesicles, produces scintigraphic images of pheochromocytomas in man but rarely visualizes normal adrenal glands. Iodine-123 has many potential advantages over I-131 as a radiolabel for MIBG, including shorter half-life, freedom from beta emissions, and increased gamma-camera efficiency. In this study, diagnostic doses of MIBG labeled with I-131 and I-123, with nearly equivalent radiation dosimetry, were compared as imaging agents in eight patients with known or suspected pheochromocytoma. Images of superior quality were obtained with I-123 MIBG, and lesions not visualized using I-131 MIBG were portrayed. In addition, the normal adrenal medullae were visualized on the I-123 MIBG scintigrams in six out of eight patients. PMID- 6544816 TI - Lung clearance mechanisms in obstructive airways disease. AB - Using radioaerosol inhalation lung cinescintigraphy, pulmonary clearance mechanisms were studied in 21 patients with obstructive airways disease. In none of them did we find homogeneous deposition of inhaled radioaerosol in the lungs, or a steady, constant, axial, and cephalad transport of radioactivity in the major airways. Of the 21 patients, 14 showed temporary but frequent stopping and starting of radioactivity in the airways in the course of lung clearance; in ten there was reversal of flow; in five migration of radioactivity from one bronchus into the opposite, bypassing the trachea and often followed by shuttling between right and left bronchi; and in four there was spiral or zigzag transport of radioactivity. The overall lung retention ratio in the first 2 hr was not abnormal, but the airway deposition ratio was significantly above normal, and airway clearance efficiency was below. The alveolar deposition ratio was also significantly smaller in these patients. PMID- 6544817 TI - [I-125] 17 alpha-Iodovinyl 11 beta-methoxyestradiol: in vivo and in vitro properties of a high-affinity estrogen-receptor radiopharmaceutical. AB - 17 alpha-[125I[Iodovinyl 11 beta-methoxyestradiol ([I-125]MIVE2) has been prepared with high specific activity (1500-2000 Ci/mmol) and a high affinity for the estrogen receptor (KA = 6.8 x 10(9) M/Ml). In vivo distribution studies using immature rats result in high levels of activity in the uterus (20-30% dose/g) with uterus-to-plasma ratios on the order of 68 to 100. Peak activity in the uterus is obtained between 2 and 4 hr, and by 6 hr 50% of the activity has washed out. The [I-125]MIVE2 exhibits a slower rate of washout relative to the washout of H-3 estradiol. By in vivo competition studies with nonradioactive estradiol, we found that 95% of the [I-125]MIVE2 bound in the uterus is specifically bound to estrogen receptors. The radioactive labeling of MIVE2 is sufficiently rapid so that [I-123]MIVE2 has been synthesized and is currently in clinical trials. These results suggest that MIVE2 would be an excellent agent for the study of estrogen receptors in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6544818 TI - Intraoperative lymph scintigraphy during radical surgery for cervical cancer. AB - Intraoperative lymph scintigraphy during radical surgery for cervical cancer was developed in the course of a program covering three periods. During the last period technetium-99m antimony sulfide has been used to visualize pelvic lymph nodes. Surgery is done with a modified gamma camera serving as an operating table. This ensures intraoperative monitoring and greater thoroughness of lymphadenectomy. The introduction of the technique has improved the rate of total lymphadenectomies and has increased both the yields of involved nodes and the 3 yr survival rates. PMID- 6544819 TI - Contrast agents and spectroscopic probes in NMR. AB - The demand for higher diagnostic specificity has led to the increased use of "foreign" agents to increase tissue contrast and/or spectroscopic sensitivity in NMR studies. The primary agents used to enhance tissue contrast in NMR imaging are paramagnetic. They cause a decrease in the proton T1 of H2O leading to enhanced signal intensity. This effect depends on the large gyromagnetic ratio of the electron, the number of unpaired electrons, the concentration of paramagnetic ions, the number of coordinated water molecules, and the rate of exchange of water. Spectroscopic enhancement has relied primarily on attempt at isotopic enrichment (usually C-13), which causes a direct increase in signal. PMID- 6544820 TI - Medullary thyroid carcinoma: radiotracers in therapy and evaluation of primary or metastatic sites. PMID- 6544821 TI - Re: Radiation absorbed doses from iron-52, iron-55, and iron-59 used to study ferrokinetics. PMID- 6544822 TI - Re: Receptor binding of F-18 haloperidol and spiroperidol. PMID- 6544824 TI - Re: Salivary thyroxine as an estimate of free thyroxine. PMID- 6544823 TI - Re: Thyroid iodine content measured by x-ray fluorescence in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6544825 TI - Re: New perspectives in localizing enlarged parathyroids by technetium-thallium subtraction scan. PMID- 6544826 TI - Maxillectomy or not? PMID- 6544827 TI - Facial squamous carcinoma with parotid metastasis--closure with cheek-neck rotation. AB - Because squamous carcinoma of the face is usually recognized and treated early, regional metastasis occurs infrequently. However, due to neglect or initial treatment failure, aggressive lesions of the temporal-zygomatic area may metastasize to parotid nodes. These tumors are most effectively treated with en bloc primary excision and regional node dissection, which includes superficial parotidectomy with or without neck dissection. Closure of such large defects presents a technical challenge and often skin grafts are utilized. This report deals with our experience with a large lateral facial squamous carcinoma with parotid metastasis. Surgical options and a method of primary closure with cheek neck rotation flap are discussed. Controversy exists regarding elective neck dissection and/or postoperative irradiation. Postoperative irradiation is advised for pathological evidence of perineural invasion, multiple positive nodes, extranodal spread, or questionable margins. PMID- 6544828 TI - Undifferentiated carcinoma with lymphoid stroma of the parotid gland. AB - Six cases of undifferentiated carcinoma of the parotid gland with heavy lymphocytic infiltration have been treated at Montreal General Hospital over the past 23 years. A thorough review of the literature revealed another 31 similar cases which are discussed. For unknown reasons, these malignant tumors seem to be more common in North American Inuit. Their relatively better prognosis may be attributed to the protective function of the heavy lymphocytic infiltration. Surgery has been the treatment of choice with postoperative radiotherapy in indicated cases. Longer follow-up is necessary to assess the role of lymphocytic infiltration in improving survival. PMID- 6544829 TI - Malignant lympho-epithelial lesion--the Manitoba experience. AB - A retrospective study was carried out utilizing the Records Department of the Health Sciences Centre, St. Boniface General Hospital, and the Manitoba Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation. Seventeen cases of malignant lympho-epithelial lesion were found. The pathology of all cases was reviewed. There were 12 females and five males. Sixteen cases involved the parotid gland and one the submandibular gland. The ages ranged from 17-65 years with the peak incidence in the fourth decade of life. Fifteen of the patients were Eskimos, all residing in the Northwest Territories; two patients were Caucasian. Most patients were treated with a combined modality of surgery with postoperative radiation. The clinical features, pathology, treatment, and final outcome are reviewed. PMID- 6544830 TI - Late post radiation necrosis and fibrosis of the larynx. AB - Radiation has been used to treat carcinoma of the larynx for some 60 years. We have seen some very late complications of radiation to this region. In this paper we present three patients who had radiation-induced necrosis and fibrosis 13, 19, and 22 years after initial treatment. The problem exists of diagnosing and differentiating perichondritis/fibrosis from recurrent carcinoma. However, many times it is impossible to make this distinction clinically, endoscopically, radiologically, or even pathologically. The pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of this rare late complication of radionecrosis and/or fibrosis are presented. PMID- 6544831 TI - Carcinoma of the oropharynx: soft palate. AB - This article reviews the experience of The Princess Margaret Hospital in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the soft palate and uvula. Between 1970 and 1979, 70 patients with this diagnosis received primary radiation therapy. The overall five year survival is 43%. The primary tumor was controlled in 80% by radiation. Advanced local (T3) and nodal (N2/3) disease proved difficult to control with radiation alone. The development of second malignancies in patients cured of their primary cancer remains a distressing problem. PMID- 6544832 TI - Coincident facial paralysis and serous otitis media in metastatic breast disease. AB - Carcinoma of the breast is a common disorder. Metastatic breast carcinoma was found to be the underlying cause in two women who presented with serous otitis and facial palsy. Bone scan was abnormal in both patients, one of whom had normal plain films and CT scan. Literature search reveals nine similar cases, in two of which the degree of facial paralysis fluctuated as it did also in the two cases reported here. PMID- 6544833 TI - The role of histamine in secretory otitis media. AB - Secretory otitis media is the most common cause of hearing loss in children. Although allergy has been suggested as a possible cause, its role as an etiologic factor in the formation of secretory otitis media is controversial. The presence of histamine in most middle ear effusions is thought to be generated from inflammatory and not allergic provocation. This potent mediator of inflammation may contribute to the chronicity of secretory otitis media. PMID- 6544834 TI - Clinical manifestations of otological syphilis. AB - One patient with early otological syphilis and five patients with late otological syphilis are described including audiological and serological findings. In patients with late syphilis poorer than expected speech discrimination scores relative to the pure tone audiograms were noted. Profound hypo-activity of vestibular responses to caloric stimulation was present in the cases of late otological syphilis. Routine non-treponemal serological tests were not sensitive enough to establish the diagnosis. It is recommended that more sensitive treponemal serological tests such as the FTA-ABS should be employed. PMID- 6544835 TI - Pilomatrixoma of the parotid in a one year old girl (calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe). AB - Pilomatrixoma is a rare tumor occurring in fewer than 1:1000 skin biopsies. Its presentation as a solitary parotid mass treated by wide excision is unusual, with only three previously reported cases in the world's literature. PMID- 6544836 TI - The management of chronic external otitis. AB - Longstanding diffuse otitis externa can lead to irreversible skin changes, canal stenosis, and deafness. Although usually responsive to aggressive medical management, some cases prove refractory. Surgery consisting of a canalplasty and meatoplasty is recommended in these rare instances. The senior author's management of this disease is outlined in detail. Three refractory cases are described, of which two required and responded to surgery with satisfactory hearing and healing. The so-called "malignant external otitis" variety has been excluded from this report. PMID- 6544837 TI - Anterior cricoidotomy for congenital and acquired subglottic stenosis in infants and children. AB - Anterior cricoidotomy or "cricoid split" was described in 1980 as an open incisional procedure for failed extubation in neonates. In the past year, we modified the technique to an endoscopic-percutaneous cricoidotomy in 22 patients. We broadened the eligible population to include children with a mature membranous stenosis or a congenital subglottic stenosis. Our overall success rate of 80% (73% in the premature group) demonstrates that a cricoidotomy can be used in children older than the neonatal group and suggests that a cricoidotomy does not need to be an open operative procedure, and should be considered before a tracheotomy in the child with a subglottic injury or narrowing. PMID- 6544838 TI - Reconstruction of the pinna using pre-auricular flaps. AB - The pre-auricular skin reservoir provides an excellent source of full thickness skin for reconstruction of defects of the pinna. Pre-auricular flaps may be based superiorly or inferiorly. The skin texture and color match is ideal for pinna reconstruction. PMID- 6544839 TI - Otolaryngological manpower in Canada--1983. AB - The Committee on Manpower of the Canadian Society of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery conducted its annual survey of otolaryngological manpower in April 1983. A net decline of 16 otolaryngologists occurred in the past one year. Only one province sustained a net increase. A review of previous manpower surveys indicates that a decline in overall numbers has been present since 1979. If this trend continues we can expect severe manpower shortages within 10 years time. PMID- 6544840 TI - 40 Hz middle latency responses to low frequency tone pips in normally hearing adults. AB - Middle latency auditory evoked potentials can be rapidly obtained using a 40/second stimulous rate, taking advantage of response periodicity to accelerate the averaging procedure. This technique was used in 31 normally hearing adults for low frequency response evaluation. Tone pips at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz were employed. The average difference between the middle latency evoked potential threshold and the subjective threshold was 17.9 dB at 250 Hz, 14.5 dB at 500 Hz, and 13 dB at 1000 Hz. The waveform of the response and the latency and amplitude of its main peaks were also analyzed. Thresholds at 500 and 1000 Hz were also determined using brainstem evoked responses in 15 of the subjects. These differed, on average, by 30 dB from subjective thresholds. The 40 Hz MLR paradigm thus appears to be an accurate and rapid method for low frequency threshold evaluation in adults, but it is greatly influenced by the state of arousal. During sleep, response amplitude decreases and threshold increases by about 15 dB. This may be of great concern when interpreting the results in children, in whom low frequency threshold evaluation is of primary importance. PMID- 6544841 TI - Clinical testing of the otoliths: a critical assessment of ocular counterrolling. AB - A test procedure which measures the amount of ocular counterrolling (OCR) of the eyes in response to lateral tilt of the body is considered a means of obtaining objective responses to stimulation of the otolithic receptors in the non-auditory labyrinth of the inner ear. OCR is thought to be the result of changing the orientation of the otolithic maculae relative to the gravitational vector. A special optical system (goniometer) has been devised which enables the observer to obtain a clear image of the subject's eye and to measure OCR responses in degrees and minutes of arc. Although attempts have been made elsewhere to evaluate the clinical significance of such responses, the results have been controversial, and clearly indicate the need for further study in order that OCR may be utilized as a reliable diagnostic tool. Accordingly, a review of the literature is presented, together with preliminary findings at St. Michael's Hospital and recommendations for further research. PMID- 6544842 TI - Clinical and microbiological features of otitis externa. AB - A prospective study of 40 cases of acute otitis externa and 99 cases of chronic otitis externa in unselected patients revealed that otitis externa affects males and females with a similar frequency. The peak incidence occurs in the summer and early fall months of the year. Exposure to water, previous use of ear drops, and cotton-tipped applicators predisposed to both acute and chronic otitis externa. Hearing aid ear molds appear to be a predisposing factor in the development of chronic otitis externa. Pain, itching, discharge, and hearing loss were the most common presenting complaints in both acute and chronic otitis externa. The discharge in chronic otitis externa is more commonly purulent, whereas in acute otitis externa it is more commonly mucoid. The tympanic membrane is not frequently involved in acute otitis externa; however, in chronic otitis externa changes in the tympanic membrane were more often encountered. Most infections were of a pure bacterial origin, primarily Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Fungi were the causative organisms more commonly in chronic otitis externa than in acute otitis externa (Figure 7). It was found that previous usage of ear drops was more often associated with otomycosis in acute otitis externa and yet was not related to a higher frequency of otomycosis in chronic otitis externa. The presence of a foreign material, such as an ear mold, was associated with a greater frequency of mixed infections (bacteria and fungi) in the group with chronic otitis externa. The presence of a greenish discharge or foul odor was not related to any particular organism. PMID- 6544843 TI - Tympanostomy tubes and liquids--an in vitro study. AB - Placement of tympanostomy tubes is the most frequently performed otolaryngologic procedure. The common practice is to forbid swimming and to recommend limitation of liquids entering the external auditory canal based upon the premise that liquids entering the external auditory canal will pass freely into the middle ear space via the tube and thus contaminate the space. Indeed, otologic medications (drops) are presumed and are observed to enter the middle ear space by this same route. The physical characteristics of the middle ear and drumhead with a tube in place were examined and a model constructed to test by observation these characteristics. Measurements of the surface tension of water, 2N saline, Cortisporin suspension ear drops, and soapy bath water were performed to provide a clinical correlate. The study implies that limitation of swimming activities or liquid exposure of the ear with a tympanostomy tube in all children may be inappropriate. PMID- 6544844 TI - Necrosis and sequestration in the tympanic part of the temporal bone. AB - Unilateral ulceration, bone necrosis, and sequestrum formation in the external auditory meatus are at times confused with the general diagnosis of keratosis obturans. However, the clinical presentation and the radiological and pathological characteristics of this condition are quite distinct from the latter. Initial examination in this situation may raise the suspicion of malignancy. When a true cholesteatoma of the external auditory meatus is found in association with this entity, according to a review of the available literature and personal observation of the authors, it is the result rather than the cause of this pathological process. In order to clarify this relationship, three patients are presented in whom there is radiological and histological evidence of bone necrosis and sequestration of a segment of the temporal bone but no evidence of hyperkeratosis in the ear canal. PMID- 6544845 TI - Pediatric tracheotomy. AB - The indications and complications of tracheotomy in 93 children between 1970-82 were studied and recorded. There has clearly been a shift in indications for pediatric tracheotomy while the early postoperative complication rate has improved. Longterm tracheotomy is on the increase due to a larger number of children with neurological problems and of infants requiring tracheotomy for chronic obstructive airway disease. PMID- 6544846 TI - Flow volume spirometry as a test for postoperative airway evaluation following arytenoidectomy. AB - The postoperative upper airway of nine patients who had undergone Woodman procedures for bilateral vocal cord paralysis were assessed by means of flow volume spirometry using the FIF-50 measurement expressed in percentage of normal. There appears to be a good correlation between the postoperative FIF-50 and the degree of postoperative subjective laryngeal obstruction. PMID- 6544847 TI - Tracheo-esophageal puncture--literature review and case reports. AB - Since Singer's and Blom's original article was presented on the results of their initial group of tracheo-esophageal puncture (TEP) candidates, several articles (Wood, et al, 1981; Donegan, et al, 1981) have appeared in the literature reporting results of other groups of TEP procedures done at various centres. These articles also included details of limitations of the procedure. In these case reports, a small group of patients who have undergone TEP are noted and the problems and limitations of the procedure are discussed from the viewpoint of the speech pathologist. Suggestions are also presented (based on past experience), for avoiding failure of the procedure. Also, the tracheo-esophageal speech of one patient is investigated to demonstrate possible improvement in communication skills, following TEP. PMID- 6544848 TI - Yellow nail syndrome and chronic sinusitis. AB - This paper reports the case of female patient who presented with the yellow nail syndrome and was ultimately found to have related chronic pansinusitis and bronchitis. The head and neck manifestations of this syndrome are described as well as the successful management of her sinusitis. PMID- 6544849 TI - Do patients and physicians agree on the assessment of voice quality in laryngeal cancer? AB - Information is available regarding tumor control rate and survival for patients with cancer of the larynx. Less well known are the effects of treatment upon the patient's quality of voice and way of life because there is at present no suitable method for the routine clinical assessment of these effects. This paper reports some results of the evaluation of one assessment technique using linear analogue scales, and it examines the agreement between patients' and physicians' assessment of severity of voice related function and sound. Each of 20 patients taped a voice recording and subsequently rated his overall functional ability and the sound of his voice. Twenty physicians rated the sound of the 20 patients' voices from the recording and judged functional ability from a written description. Agreement between the scores of patients and physicians indicated that despite being strongly correlated, they were often not the same. Implications of this technique are discussed. PMID- 6544850 TI - Contrast induced sialadenitis--a case report. AB - The authors report a rare complication of intravenous pyelography: namely "iodide mumps". A review of the literature is undertaken. PMID- 6544851 TI - Voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy with the Groningen prosthesis. AB - The Groningen voice prosthesis is a recently developed silicone device for surgical rehabilitation of the voice following total laryngectomy. The prosthesis is placed in the tracheo-esophageal wall as a primary procedure during laryngectomy or as a secondary procedure some time after surgery. The insertion is a one stage surgical technique. The prosthesis is self-retaining and remains in situ, on average for three months. Its replacement is a simple outpatient procedure. Successful speech was achieved in 80% of the patients rehabilitated as a primary procedure. Aspiration of liquids or food was not observed. The Groningen prosthesis has several advantages over other currently available devices. PMID- 6544852 TI - Ototoxicity and noise-drug interaction. AB - Diverse therapeutic agents, such as certain antibiotics, diuretics, and analgesics can cause functional and morphological damage to the inner ear. Noise present in recreational or occupational environment may also be potentially damaging to the auditory system when combined with some ototoxic therapeutic agents. This article documents recent research and controversies about the site and mechanism of action of major ototoxic drugs, noise-drug interaction, and possible prophylaxis against such ototoxicity. PMID- 6544853 TI - Brief clinical report on visual reinforcement audiometry with deaf infants. AB - Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) is a commonly used and efficient procedure for measuring hearing thresholds on infants and young children. The reliability of VRA with normal infants is well established. However, there are few reports, if any, in the literature on the use of VRA with deaf infants under one year of age. This report presents two cases of deaf 11 month old infants, showing test retest audiograms obtained using VRA. The median retest threshold change was 10 dB. This suggests that VRA is a clinically viable technique, even with deaf infants. PMID- 6544855 TI - Refinement of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap. AB - The pectoralis major myocutaneous flap has become the primary reconstructive flap in head and neck surgery. We have reviewed our experience and describe some modifications of incisions for elevation of this flap which will improve cosmetic results in both male and female patients. The technique for elevation of this flap is reviewed as well as some of the problem areas including the female with a large breast and the elevation of vascularized rib with the myocutaneous flap. PMID- 6544854 TI - The accuracy of frozen section diagnosis of parotid lesions. AB - A study to assess the accuracy of frozen section diagnosis for parotid lesions was conducted. All parotid cases from the surgical pathology files at the Toronto General Hospital (TGH) for the period 1978-83 were reviewed. A total of 131 specimens were obtained. Frozen sections were requested for 110 of these specimens, 90 of which were benign and 20 of which were malignant. The pathology reports, patient charts, and histology slides were examined. Errors were analyzed as to type. The frozen section accuracy for providing a specific histopathologic diagnosis was 94%. When considering only the ability to distinguish benign from malignant lesions, the accuracy improved to 97%. The deferral rate was 1.8% (two patients). In five instances, the diagnosis obtained by frozen section directly altered the surgical management. No unnecessary surgery was performed based on a frozen section result. In no case was a frozen section diagnosis of malignancy changed to a benign diagnosis upon paraffin section review. The medical chart review of the 21 patients where frozen section was not requested revealed two patients for whom the knowledge of a specific diagnosis at surgery may have altered the patient management. The TGH experience compares favorably with results obtained in three similar, recently published studies (UCLA, 1979; Stanford, 1983; Seattle, 1984). Frozen section diagnosis of parotid lesions, in our hands, is a safe, accurate and useful diagnostic tool. PMID- 6544856 TI - Unusual dural fistulae. AB - The authors present seven cases of dural fistulae selected because of their difficulty in diagnosis or in the approach to treatment. The first case had a "delayed traumatic" CSF rhinorrhea and the diagnosis remained, to the end, presumptive. The second and the third were either "spontaneous" or "delayed traumatic" in origin. One of these fistulae was localized in a lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus. Both were approached through the ethmoid, and one of these had to be re-operated intracranially because of recurrence. The fourth had a congenital meningo-encephalocele. The fifth and sixth had fistulae secondary to fronto-ethmoidal osteomas, one presenting with an intracranial mucocele, the other with a cerebral abscess. The last one, a traumatic fistula had to be treated extracranially after two unsuccessful intracranial approaches. PMID- 6544857 TI - Rehabilitation of the paralyzed lower lip. AB - There is a continuum of smiles from the one of the reserved Mona Lisa to a full dental smile where there is maximal exposure of teeth and full triggering of all the major and minor smile muscles. The ramus mandibularis paralysis is more obviously noted in the full dental smile. The ramus mandibularis paralysis is best corrected through a technique of wedge resection of the lower lip with a segmental sling to the nasolabila groove. PMID- 6544858 TI - The pale epiglottitis--a misnomer or not? AB - Several leading authors on acute epiglottitis have reported a pale appearance of the swelling of the epiglottis in otherwise seemingly classical cases of acute epiglottitis. In order to understand this phenomenon better, a thorough review of the literature was done but only scarce comments were gathered. There seems to be a spectrum of appearance of the epiglottis in acute epiglottitis, the erythema as well as the edema varying independently from mild to marked. A striking feature of this type of epiglottitis is that, despite seemingly appropriate treatment, a most treacherous evolution was reported: four out of 12 cases presented a severe sudden apnea and two others developed an abscess. Aggressive antibiotherapy and steroidotherapy are suggested as well as a prophylactic nasotracheal intubation. PMID- 6544859 TI - Nuclear scintigraphy as a diagnostic tool in venous aneurysms. AB - Aneurysmal dilatation in the low pressure system of internal jugular vein is rare. A case of an aneurysm of the right internal jugular vein, is presented, which was initially diagnosed by nuclear scintigraphy and confirmed by angiography. Clinical presentation, classification, etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnostic modalities of the disease are also reviewed. PMID- 6544860 TI - Fine structure of basement membranes of the capillary endothelium and perivascular astrocyte in some circumventricular organs by three-dimensional SEM. AB - The three components of the basement membrane, the lamina lucida, lamina basalis, and lamina reticularis, were examined stereoscopically with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope. Brains of 12 rats and 3 guinea pigs were used. In the lamina reticularis, microfibrils connect to collagen fibrils with one end and anchor to the external surface of the lamina basalis with the other. Their helical substructure, the pitch of helices 70-80 nm and maximum width 15-20 nm on scanning electron micrographs, was reconfirmed. In the lamina lucida, short cross bridge filaments spanned the basal lamina and the applied plasma membrane. They measured 10-15 nm in diameter, 30-90 nm in length, and were distributed with a regular spacing fo 40-60 nm. It is discussed that the basement membrane serves as the anchorage of the microfibrils and of the cross-bridge filaments and mediates the interconnection between the plasma membrane and extracellular connective tissue elements. PMID- 6544861 TI - Square arrays and their role in ridge formation in human lens fibers. AB - Square arrays in human lens fibers were studied with freeze-fracture and thin section TEM. In superficial fibers a number of patches of square array particles in the P face and pits in the E face are found in the smooth membrane. In the deeper cortex and the nucleus, fiber cells have undulating membranes and many ridges. Numerous patches of the particles (P face) are distributed in the concave regions, and the pits (E face) in the convex areas of the bumpy membrane. In most ridges, patches of the particles occur at regular intervals in the "valley" portion, while the pits are on the "crest" portion of ridges. Also, continuous square arrays having the same "valley" location as the regularly arranged patches are found in areas with extensive ridge patterns. The overlapping of the outer portions of two adjacent square arrays is found on the sides between the "crest" and the "valley" of the ridges. Structurally, square arrays are located in a nonjunctional part of the membrane; in an orthogonal crystalline arrangement; and with a particle size of about 6 nm and center-center spacing about 6.4 nm. They are structurally different from gap junctions found in the lens fibers. Thin section studies reveal two types of cellular contacts: thin pentalamellar structures (about 12-13 nm in overall thickness) associated with the ridge patterns are believed to be square arrays; thick heptalamellar structures (about 16-17 nm in overall thickness) with a narrow gap in between the two central laminae are believed to be gap junctions. This study strongly suggests that square arrays are specifically involved in ridge formation in human lens fibers. PMID- 6544862 TI - Diurnal changes in synaptic ribbons of rod cells of the turtle. AB - Diurnal morphological changes in synaptic ribbons of the rod cells of the turtle were revealed by electron microscopy with serial ultrathin sections. Freshwater turtles (Pseudemys) were maintained under the light-dark cycle with lights on from 0600 to 1800 hr. Retinas around the posterior pole of the eyeball were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% osmium tetroxide. In total, 124 rod cells and several hundred cone cells were observed. At 0000 (midnight), ribbons are situated close to and perpendicular to the presynaptic membrane. They show single stick-shaped profiles on thin section. From midnight toward noon, the stick shaped ribbons grow into large multilayered ribbon complexes composed of several sticks arranged parallel to each other. Then, the ribbon complexes begin to disintegrate into irregular fragments from noon toward night. At 1900, aggregates of rounded or club-shaped ribbons are predominant. PMID- 6544863 TI - Ultrastructural studies of attachment site formation in aortic smooth muscle cells cultured on collagen-hydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogels. AB - Hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels have a peculiar crater-like topography which renders them ideal for studying cell-to-substrate contact formation. The hydrogel is quite suitable for such studies since it is transparent, which allows for light microscopic observations, it is not toxic, and it will support cell growth only when an additional protein component such as collagen is integrated into its surface. Cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) were grown on collagen-HEMA hydrogels, and the ultrastructure of developing cell attachment sites was studied. By 3 hr after cell seeding, both the rounded and the spreading SMC appeared anchored to the hydrogel via extracellular connective tissue-like material. The fully formed attachment site present at 5-8 days was characterized by large bundles of intracellular myofilaments inserting onto areas of increased electron density along the plasmalemmal membrane; large amounts of extracellular connective tissue-like material also appeared attached to the areas of increased electron density. Fully formed cell substratum attachment sites were not observed when either elastin-HEMA hydrogels or hydrogels polymerized in the absence of protein were employed. PMID- 6544864 TI - Structural function of the basic nuclear proteins in ram spermatids. AB - The function of the cysteine-containing spermatidal proteins and of protamine in the packaging and stabilization of chromatin during ram spermiogenesis was investigated. Extractions of the histones and spermatidal proteins from the nonround spermatid nuclei decreases the nuclear stability (sonication resistance), decondenses the chromatin, and reduces the diameter of the largest chromatin threads (100-200 A vs. 380 A in the control nuclei). Extractions by acid, salt, or heparin have no effect on the protamine-containing electron-opaque chromatin. In contrast, treatment by dithiothreitol alone decondenses all the nonround spermatid nuclei at a rate which decreases with the maturation state of the nuclei. The electron-opaque chromatin is then resolved in 35-A-thick filaments. Experimentally induced fluctuations of the level of SS bonding appear to influence the chromatin stabilization and ultrastructure in most of the nonround spermatid nuclei. These data evidence that noncovalent interactions play a main structural role at the beginning of chromatin reorganization, and SS bonding between spermatidal proteins and then between protamine molecules increases progressively and becomes mainly responsible for the chromatin stabilization in the protamine-containing nuclei. PMID- 6544865 TI - Analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the urinary bladder epithelial cell membranes. AB - The three-dimensional structure of the luminal membrane of the mammalian urinary bladder has been determined using electron micrographs of tilted membranes preserved in neutralized potassium phosphotungstate stain. The density map consists of 12 stain-excluding regions, 57 A thick, that are organized as an inner ring of 6 and an outer ring of 6, plus a small stain-excluding feature directly on the sixfold axis. Only the luminal surface of the membrane can be observed suggesting that at the resolution of the reconstruction the cytoplasmic surface is smooth. PMID- 6544866 TI - Three-dimensional ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus in bovine mammary epithelial cells during lactation. AB - The three-dimensional ultrastructure of the Golgi apparatus in milk secreting epithelial cells of bovine mammary gland was explored. From computer-aided reconstructions of serial thin sections, it was determined that the Golgi apparatus was composed of a single set of stacked cisternae. The three dimensional shape of the dictyosome varied from cell to cell, but the overall shape was that of a hollow cone, cylinder, or bowl. The cis and trans surfaces of the dictyosome were arranged in three-dimensional space such that the cis face was located on the outer surface of the hollow structure and the trans face on the inner surface. The cytoplasmic channel (secretory channel) that traversed the longitudinal axis of the hollow dictyosome contained secretory vesicles. Densely stacked cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum surrounded the dictyosome, and microvesicles appeared to fuse with, or bud from, cisternae of both organelles. These findings suggest that Golgi apparatus of the lactating epithelial cell is highly organized and that the Golgi apparatus and secretory channel are essentially an independent compartment within the cell. PMID- 6544867 TI - Three-dimensional approaches to the residual structure of histone-depleted HeLa cell nuclei. AB - Histone-depleted nuclei were prepared by high-salt extraction of interphase HeLa cell nuclei. A large amount of the nuclear DNA remained associated with a rapidly sedimenting residual nuclear structure including cytoplasmic (intermediate filament) and nuclear (matrix and lamina) proteins. Electron microscopy allowed detection in the insoluble structure of a residual nuclear envelope, nucleolar residues, and an intranuclear network whose correspondence with components of in situ fixed nuclei is discussed. Using three-dimensional electron microscopy, it is further demonstrated that the salt-insoluble structure remaining after histone depletion in 2 M NaCl is highly ordered. This is of the utmost importance when considering the roles reportedly ascribed to this structure in nuclear functions. PMID- 6544868 TI - Reexamination of the reality or artifacts of the microtrabeculae. AB - The polyethylene glycol (PEG) method revealed that model systems such as erythrocytes and protein solutions, which are supposed to lack structured components, exhibit lattice structures not unlike the microtrabeculae. The compactness of the lattice was dependent on the concentration of proteins. The gelated state of gelatin exhibited lattices more compact than those of the solated state at any given concentration. Comparison of images by PEG and rapid freezing, deep-etching replica methods showed no basic differences in the ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelial cell. This indicates that the PEG method, including chemical fixation, produces little, if any, disorganization of the cytoskeleton. All of the present findings suggest that cytoplasmic protein, nonstructure-bound or structure-forming, might be present in intact cells which could form microtrabecular structures when specimens are fixed by chemical fixatives without any extractions. Therefore, the microtrabeculae should generally be regarded as a simple marker for the presence of proteinaceous macromolecules. It is also suggested that the microtrabecular lattice, as a whole, might represent a gelated state in a given compartment when another, looser lattice is simultaneously present in the same compartment, i.e., within a single cell. PMID- 6544870 TI - Immunocytochemical identification of nuclear structures containing snRNPs in isolated rat liver cells. AB - Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) containing U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 small nuclear RNAs were detected by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in the nuclei of isolated rat hepatocytes using Fab fragments of anti-Sm and anti-RNP autoantibodies. Their localization was carried out in normal cells and in cells treated with two drugs, the adenosine analog DRB and CdCl2, which alter the number and distribution of nuclear RNP components. It was found that more precise determination of the distribution of these small RNAs could be obtained by using two complementary procedures in parallel rather than either one alone. They consisted of an indirect immunoperoxidase labeling carried out before embedment and an indirect immunogold labeling applied to thin sections of cells embedded in Lowicryl K4M. The results indicate that snRNPs are associated with all extranucleolar perichromatin fibrils and granules and interchromatin fibrils, which confirms that they occur in structures involved in the synthesis and processing of hnRNA. The snRNPs are not associated with nucleolar perichromatin granules induced by DRB, which confirms that there may be two kinds of perichromatin granules. The snRNPs are also associated with the still enigmatic interchromatin granules which apparently do not contain hnRNA but at least in DRB treated cells, also contain ribosomal RNA. PMID- 6544869 TI - Double labeling of lipoprotein receptors in fibroblast cell surface replicas. AB - Using gold particles of distinctly different sizes as markers, the simultaneous visualization of two types of lipoprotein binding sites in surface replicas of the human fibroblast plasma membrane was achieved. Double-labeling experiments based on this principle have been carried out using sequential or simultaneous exposures of fibroblast cultures to a variety of lipoprotein species. Examples of the results obtained are illustrated, and the application of this approach to the analysis of the distribution, the relationship between, and the specificity of different classes of receptor is discussed. PMID- 6544871 TI - Corbular sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit cardiac muscle. AB - The structure of corbular sarcoplasmic reticulum as part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in perfusion-fixed rabbit cardiac muscle was studied by thin sections and freeze fracture. In thin sections, processes on the surface of corbular SR have all the anatomical features of junctional processes of junctional SR. By freeze fracture, the E face of corbular SR was particle poor and showed deep pits; the P face was particle rich. The demonstrated structural homology of corbular SR to all forms of junctional SR justifies its inclusion in that group. PMID- 6544872 TI - Sputter shadowing. AB - A device has been constructed which allows specimens to be shadowed in a conventional sputter water. This process of sputter shadowing lends to specimens a contrast suitable for imaging in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The process has the practical advantages over metal evaporation shadowing of lower instrumentation costs, less user training, and less time expenditure per shadowing operation. It provides on a single grid a spectrum of shadowing contrasts from which optimal imaging for a particular specimen can be chosen. The process minimizes radiant and metal deposition heating of the specimen and, thereby, may better preserve its structure during the contrasting procedure. The grain resulting from sputter shadowing differs significantly from that obtained by metal evaporation shadowing and the possibility for using this difference to improve resolution in shadowed preparations is discussed. PMID- 6544873 TI - Modulation of WGA binding sites on marrow sinus endothelium in state of stimulated erythropoiesis: a possible mechanism regulating the rate of cell egress. AB - To study the regulation of cellular and molecular traffic across the marrow-blood barrier, rat marrow endothelial surface was incubated with ferritin-conjugated concanavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), recinus communis agglutinin I, and phytohemagglutinin. Normal animals were compared with those after erythropoietic stimulation (phenylhydrazine-induced hemolysis, phlebotomy). A selective and significant reduction in the density of WGA receptors, but not other lectins was noted congruent to the degree of reticulocytosis. Neuraminidase treatment also reduced WGA binding sites and the surface negative charge as detected by polycationic ferritin (PCF). Thus, the reduction in WGA binding sites, may reflect a decrease in the density of membrane sialic acid, rendering the endothelial surface charge less negative and providing an electrostatic attraction for the negatively charged surface of reticulocytes. The findings may also be explained by an increase in the frequency of WGA-excluding fenestrae in the endothelium. These areas, lacking sialic acid, may provide unstable areas in the membrane suitable for the passage of cells and molecules in both directions. It is concluded that, by modulating the density of sialic acid residues, the endothelium may regulate the traffic of cells and molecules across the marrow blood barrier. PMID- 6544874 TI - Establishment of a peritubular myoid-like cell line and interactions between established testicular cell lines in culture. AB - Established cell lines and primary cultures derived from somatic cells of the testis have been used to study cell-cell interactions. Primary cultures of Sertoli cells or Sertoli-derived cell lines from the mouse (TM4) and rat (TR-ST) will aggregate when plated on monolayers of primary cultures of peritubular myoid cells or a rat (TR-M) cell line which has many properties of peritubular myoid cells. Time-lapse cinematography and scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal that Sertoli cells formed aggregates after 1 day in coculture, display surface activity and move on the monolayer. When these aggregates touch one another, they rapidly combine. By the 4th day of culture, spherical aggregates are composed of 50 to 200 cells. They do not display surface activity or movement on the myoid monolayer. On the 5th and 6th day of culture most spherical aggregates have flattened to form dome-shaped aggregates in close association with the monolayer. Cells in the aggregates are characterized by long microvilli and some ruffles. In large aggregates, cells sometimes form close associations within the aggregates although junctions are seldom observed. Sertoli-derived cell lines will not aggregate on monolayers of Leydig-derived (TM3) or testicular endothelial-derived (TR-1) cell lines. Neither TM3 nor TR-1 cells will aggregate when plated on myoid monolayers. The TR-M cells produced an extensive extracellular matrix beneath the cells which contains collagen, an amorphous globular material resembling elastin and a fibrous noncollagenous component. Sertoli cells plated on this matrix will not aggregate. Thus the aggregation of Sertoli cells on myoid cell monolayers is cell type, but not species dependent and not determined solely by extracellular matrix components produced by TR-M cells. PMID- 6544875 TI - Imaging of biological structures with the scanning transmission electron microscope. AB - The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) is discussed in view of biological applications. Theoretical considerations are given, but the emphasis is directed to practical examples from a range of biological projects. The STEM is most efficiently used in elastic and inelastic dark-field modes providing information on the scattering power of the irradiated sample. Thus, the STEM is an ideal tool for quantitative measurements such as mass-mapping or element mapping at high resolution. Limitations of such methods due to multiple scattering and quantum noise are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6544876 TI - Compositional mapping in biology: X rays and electrons. PMID- 6544877 TI - An introduction to the STEM. AB - It is particularly appropriate for this Journal to devote one of its issues to the subject of the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and its uses because the initial stimulus for its invention was precisely the problem of discerning ultrastructural details in biological material. To a large extent the capabilities of the instrument have been shown to offer the potential of solving many such problems and what is most needed today is to put such instruments in the hands of biologists together with the information on how and when to use them. This issue should go a long way in satisfying this latter need. The purpose of this article is to try to provide a setting for the more detailed expositions which follow. In order to do this we must necessarily give a very general treatment and avoid detail. In addition, we will concentrate on those aspects of the STEM which apply to biological uses, and we will therefore ignore the more esoteric applications, such as convergent beam diffraction patterns. PMID- 6544878 TI - The N-lines of skeletal muscle. AB - The N-lines of skeletal muscle, although known for a century, have remained elusive and neglected structures. Their fortuitous appearance in diverse experiments on beef sternomandibularis muscle, involving stretch, heat denaturation, and myosin extraction, have been collected and related to the literature. Treatments with pyroantimonate and formamide solutions have proved a more reliable way of visualizing N-lines. It is concluded that there are at least seven N-lines: an N1-line always near the Z-line, four N2-lines in the mid-I band, and two N3-lines at the extremity of the I-filaments or in the "gap." There is evidence for suspension of both N2- and N3-lines on G-filaments. PMID- 6544879 TI - Ultrastructure of Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the mouse oviduct. AB - Chlamydial inclusions were found in the luminal epithelium of all segments of the oviducts (ostium, ampulla, and isthmus) of mice experimentally inoculated with the mouse pneumonitis (MoPn) biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis. Electron microscopy of infected oviducts revealed chlamydial inclusions in both ciliated and nonciliated cells of the oviduct epithelium. Inclusions contained typical elementary, intermediate and reticulate bodies as well as numerous "miniature reticulate bodies" and membrane ghosts. Small, vesicle-like structures were observed in infected cells near inclusions but were not seen in apparently uninfected cells nor in the oviducts of mice inoculated with the control (sterile tissue culture supernate) suspension. Chlamydia-like particles were seen in vacuoles of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Intracellular Chlamydia-like particles were not seen in any other cell type in the mouse oviduct. Infection of the mouse oviduct with MoPn is a convenient model for the study of C. trachomatis morphology in vivo. PMID- 6544880 TI - New observations on the ultrastructure of mammalian conducting airway epithelium: application of liquid propane freezing, deep etching, and rotary shadowing techniques to freeze-fracture. AB - Freshly isolated, viable hamster tracheal epithelium was rapidly frozen in a jet of liquid nitrogen-cooled propane followed by freeze-fracture, deep etching, and rotary shadowing. Examination of the replicas by transmission electron microscopy revealed characteristic features of both ciliated and nonciliated cells, profiles of tight junctional complexes, and two distinct types of membrane particle complexes. The findings of this study suggest that rapid freezing of viable biological specimens coupled with freeze-fracture, deep etching, and rotary shadowing may provide a useful approach to achieving some additional perspectives of cell structure and function. Since the experimental protocol avoided any use of chemical fixation and processing procedures generally employed in electron microscopy, this study also validates for airway epithelium the details of fine structure observed using more conventional ultrastructural methods. PMID- 6544881 TI - A deep-etching study of the guinea pig tracheal cilium with special reference to the ciliary transitional region. AB - The fine structure of the cilium was examined by freeze-fracture-etch studies. In the interior of the transitional region, three types of plate structures were clearly observed. While the terminal plate contained fine fibrillar linkers suspending the central core plates from its peripheral doublet microtubules, two other types of plates had no suspending linkers. At the upper level of transitional region, one of the central microtubules elongated deeper than the other in the space surrounded by ring structure. Axosome-like structure was not observed in our replicas. Central vesicle of the basal body was also suspended by fine fibrillar linkers from peripheral triplets. Though membrane particles of ciliary necklace were recognized on protoplasmic and external fracture faces, and the external surface, particle arrays were not observed on protoplasmic surface. Instead, Y-shaped, cross bridges, one end of which attached to the doublet microtubules, merged in the circular ridge structure at opposite ends. This circular ridge structure at the necklace region may play a role as an anchoring site of both membrane particles of the necklace and cross bridges from peripheral doublet microtubules. PMID- 6544882 TI - On the preparation of cryosections for immunocytochemistry. AB - The key preparation steps in the Tokuyasu thawed frozen section technique for immunocytochemistry, namely freezing, sectioning, thawing, and drying, were studied. A spherical tissue culture cell was used as a model system. The frozen hydrated section technique indicated that glutaraldehyde-fixed, 2.1 M sucrose infused pellets of cells were routinely vitrified by immersion in liquid nitrogen but water was crystallized when lower sucrose concentrations (0.6-1 M) were used. Quantitative mass measurements showed that the fixed cells are freely permeable to sucrose. The frozen hydrated sections were severely compressed but cell profiles regained their circular appearance upon thawing. The average section thickness of our frozen-hydrated sections was 110 nm: this was reduced to 30-50 nm upon thawing, washing, and air-drying. This change was accompanied by severe drying artifacts. By using the methyl cellulose drying technique, this collapse upon air-drying could be significantly reduced, but not completely prevented, giving an average thickness of 70 nm. PMID- 6544883 TI - Structural study of tetragonal-ordered aggregates of phage phi 29 necks. AB - A new class of two-dimensional tetragonal aggregates of phage phi 29 necks has been studied by electron microscopy and a combination of Fourier filtering procedures and detailed rotational analysis. The results confirm the main features of the head-to-tail connecting region previously observed in hexagonal aggregates. There are several differences in the resulting pictures that can be attributed to the different way in which the aggregates are organized and stained. PMID- 6544884 TI - The platelet reticular network. AB - Human platelets have been observed by scanning electron microscopy after spreading on glass substrates followed by brief incubation in 1 mM ZnCl2 and subsequent shearing with a jet of buffer. The surfaces of many cells in such preparations are noted to consist of a reticular meshwork similar in appearance to the membrane skeleton of erythrocytes. In some preparations the reticular network is partially or almost entirely disrupted revealing an internal trabecular cytoskeleton and in the central region of the spread cell, granules associated with the cytoskeletal matrix. These results confirm previous observations obtained in TEM and HVEM studies of platelets and in addition provide information concerning the relative disposition of the filament systems in such spread cells. Preliminary results from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of platelets and isolated platelet membranes suggest a basis for the effect of ZnCl2 on various platelet cytoskeletal and membrane components. PMID- 6544885 TI - Structural characteristics of the desmin protofilament. AB - Biochemical investigations of intermediate filaments in soluble or partially assembled forms are often difficult to perform due to the unusual insolubility of most types of intermediate filaments. However, desmin is soluble in 10 mM Tris. The structure of partially soluble native desmin was studied by gel-filtration chromatography and electron microscopy. The lowest molecular weight species of soluble desmin is a flexible rod averaging 53 nm in length. Calculations of f/fmin values from a previously published sedimentation value allowed comparisons with other elongated proteins. These values and the dimensions obtained from electron microscopy suggest that the desmin protofilament contains three or four protein subunits. PMID- 6544886 TI - Exocytosis in vitro: ultrastructure of the isolated sea urchin egg cortex as seen in platinum replicas. AB - Sea urchin egg cortices, isolated on polylysine-coated cover glasses by the method of V.D. Vacquier (1975, Dev. Biol. 43, 62-74), have been fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde, critical point-dried, and rotary shadowed with platinum-carbon. The replicas produced show that the isolated cortex consists of a plasma membrane having a regular array of microvillar evaginations each containing a filamentous core. Attached to the plasma membrane is a densely packed layer of cortical granules; each granule is linked to the plasma membrane and to four to six adjacent granules by fine, 6-nm-diameter filaments. Between the plasma membrane and cortical granule layer runs a tubular endoplasmic reticulum consisting of bulb-like varicosities joined in chains that are arranged in a network of polygons. Interspersed among the cortical granules are occasional spherical organelles which correspond in size to osmiophilic granules seen in the intact egg cortex. Addition of 1000 microM or 50 microM Ca2+ to the cortex initiates fusion of individual granules with the plasma membrane, as well as extensive fusion between granules, producing extended, branched exocytic pockets. Frequently, fusion patterns are observed that suggest a propagation of granule fusion outward from one or more foci within a single cortex. PMID- 6544887 TI - Permeability changes in isolated liver mitochondria during different metabolic states. AB - The different staining patterns observed in isolated rat liver mitochondria suspended in a negative stain (2.11% ammonium molybdate) that were reported (U. Muscatello, V. Guarriera-Bobyleva, and P. Buffa, 1972, J. Ultrastruct. Res. 40, 235-260) were analyzed with the aim of determining the location of the stain within the mitochondria. The observations made by Muscatello and coworkers on whole, negatively stained mitochondria were confirmed. By embedding the negatively stained mitochondria according to one low denaturation embedding technique, the location of the stain could be determined. In rat liver mitochondria, freshly isolated, the stain was located within wide intracristal spaces. During state 4 respiration, stain was present in the cristae although the two membranes of each cristae were in most cases closely apposed. After 30 sec in state 3 respiration, the stain was present in the matrix, but absent from the cristae. During all three experimental conditions, stain was present in a narrow zone inside the membrane at the surface of the mitochondrion. The changes in permeability leading to an entrance of the stain into the matrix but not the cristae during state 3 respiration, and the reverse situation during state 4 shows that there are two pathways along which the stain can enter the matrix or the cristae. The permeability of these pathways is controlled independently. These observations cannot be explained on the basis of the generally accepted structure of mitochondria. The absence of any other structural modifications and a change in volume of the mitochondria in association with the transition from state 4 to state 3 respiration does not conform with the concept (C. R. Hackenbrock, 1966, J. Cell Biol. 30, 269-297) that the mitochondria undergo extensive "conformational" changes under these conditions. PMID- 6544888 TI - Endocytosis by endothelial phagocytes: uptake of bovine serum albumin-gold conjugates in bone marrow. AB - The endocytic function of the endothelial cells of the venous sinuses ("sinusoids") in rat bone marrow was investigated. Marrow sinusoidal endothelial cells (MSEC) were exposed to pulse injections of bovine serum albumin-gold (BSA Au) conjugates in vivo and examined after timed intervals by electron microscopy. BSA-Au particles were rapidly taken up by MSEC. Within 1 min, BSA-Au was internalized by means of coated pits and vesicles (exclusively) and processed through pleomorphic endosomes to dense bodies known to be secondary lysosomes. In this processing, no involvement of the Golgi apparatus was observed. The continuous association of BSA with gold throughout endocytic processing to lysosomes was verified by immunolabeling with anti-BSA antibody. Although the nature of the affinity mediating endocytosis of BSA-Au by MSEC, in particular the possibility of specific adsorption of BSA and receptor involvement, remains to be established, it is suggested that marrow sinusoidal endothelial cells internalize the albumin-coated particles and process them through to lysosomal structures for purposes of degrading the albumin component. PMID- 6544890 TI - Freeze-fracture analysis of isolated liver mitochondria in different metabolic states. AB - Isolated liver mitochondria were crosslinked with glutaraldehyde during different respiratory states and then analyzed either by freeze-fracturing, or in thin sections prepared according to a low denaturation embedding technique. In freeze fractured material, large intracristal spaces were found in 86% of the mitochondria freshly isolated in a sucrose medium. These results were in good agreement with mitochondria analyzed in thin sections, in which case 88% of the mitochondria contained intracristal spaces. In freeze-fractured mitochondria, only 24% of the mitochondria crosslinked after 3 min in respiratory state 4 contained intracristal spaces, while 36% of the mitochondria contained intracristal spaces during state 3. These values compared favorably with those obtained in embedded material in which case 21 and 41% of the mitochondria contained intracristal spaces during states 3 and 4, respectively. The agreement between the observations made with the two methods demonstrated that the disappearance of intracristal spaces is independent of the embedding technique, and is not a special effect caused by dehydration in ethylene glycol. PMID- 6544889 TI - Water movement from intracristal spaces in isolated liver mitochondria. AB - When analyzing mitochondria isolated in a sucrose medium that had been embedded for thin sectioning according to one low denaturation embedding technique, large intracristal spaces were present in close to 90% of the mitochondria. The two crista membranes were closely apposed in only 40% of all cristae. When the mitochondria were transferred to an incubation medium, the percentage of mitochondria with intracristal spaces was reduced to 40%. About 90% of all cristae were lacking any space separating the two crista membranes. The presence of inorganic phosphate in the medium was required for the closing of the intracristal spaces. The percentage of cristae lacking an intracristal space remained the same after addition of substrate for respiration (state 4) and of ADP (state 3). Inhibition or uncoupling of respiration led to an increase in the percentage of intracristal spaces, showing that oxidative phosphorylation is required to maintain the crista membranes closely apposed. The appearance and disappearance of the intracristal spaces was an indication of water movements across the crista membranes. The mean volume of the mitochondria increased 33% when they were transferred from the sucrose medium to the incubation medium, showing that the removal of water from the cristae was not caused by a passive osmotic effect. Addition of substrate made the volume decrease by 28%. After further addition of ADP, the volume decreased another 23%. No change in volume was associated with inhibition or uncoupling of respiration. The observations revealed that water can move into or out of the cristae independently of water movement out from the entire mitochondrion. Therefore, the water moving out from or into the cristae is translocated across the cristae membrane. The observations are interpreted to reveal the presence of a mechanism that actively prevents water from accumulating in the crista membrane. This mechanism allows for a low water activity to be maintained within the membrane. The variations in the frequency of intracristal spaces occurred without any simultaneous changes in the width of the space appearing between the two surface membranes after isolation of the mitochondria. The observations, therefore, do not agree with the concept that there is an outer compartment that communicates freely with intracristal spaces. PMID- 6544891 TI - Nucleosome mass distribution using image averaging. AB - Scanning transmission electron microscopy has been used to obtain mass distribution data for unstained, randomly oriented dinucleosomes. These data were then subjected to computer analysis to increase the signal/noise ratio, and define the major sources of image variation within the population. Average images of groups of similar particles have a mass distribution consistent with current models of nucleosome structure, and a resolution approaching 3 nm. The potential value of this method for analyzing structural variants of nucleosomes is discussed. PMID- 6544892 TI - Assessment of morphology of asymmetrical biological macromolecules with digital techniques. AB - Digital image processing techniques which determine the morphology of an unordered, spherical biological macromolecule are discussed. The techniques involve slicing appropriate intensity levels of the scanning transmission electron microscope image so that more accurate observation of morphology can be made. The techniques were applied to native and hybrid canine plasma high-density lipoprotein molecules. Resulting data indicated that the techniques were very useful to assess the diameters of both molecule and surface substructures of such asymmetrical macromolecules. PMID- 6544893 TI - Enamel rod relations in the developing rat incisor. AB - Scanning electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction studies have shown that mandibular rat incisor teeth have two sets of rods which decussate at angles between 60 and 80% in both the most immature zone and the zone just beyond the opaque margin. A less well oriented interrod enamel component was found at right angles to both sets of rods. The information provides additional views of this complex tissue. Furthermore, it has been shown that the Wistar rat incisal enamel ultrastructure facilitates the use of X-ray diffraction to determine molecular relations between the crystals and matrix constituents as the rods are not all at 90 degrees to one another. PMID- 6544894 TI - The selection of monoclonal antibodies for tumour localization in patients with colorectal carcinoma. AB - We have investigated the ability of various predictive studies to assess which monoclonal antibody (MCA) will be most useful in the immunoscintigraphic localization of metastatic colorectal carcinoma. A set of MCAs was obtained by fusing splenic lymphocytes from rats immunized with membrane preparations from fresh human colorectal cancer. Supernatants from 17 cloned hybridomas were found to bind strongly to colon carcinoma lines by indirect radioimmunoassay. Immunofluorescence using these MCAs on sections of fresh frozen colon carcinoma and normal tissue revealed different staining patterns. Nine MCAs were purified and labelled with 131I. Groups of mice bearing human colorectal tumour xenografts were given radiolabelled MCA and scanned. Six out of the nine MCAs showed tumour localization as determined by rectilinear scanning. Three MCAs which gave good tumour images in mice were selected for clinical evaluation in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. One gave good tumour images, another targeted to bone marrow and the third bound almost exclusively to normal liver. Clinical evaluation is clearly essential in the selection of MCAs for tumour localization. PMID- 6544895 TI - Paraneoplasia. PMID- 6544896 TI - Differences in surface sialic acid and galactosyl residues of two autologous human melanoma cell lines. AB - Cell surface carbohydrate differences were observed between two human cell lines initiated from primary melanoma and metastasis of the same patient. Although total sialic acid content was similar in both cell lines, neuraminidase-released sialic acid was twice as high in metastatic cells than that of primary cells. One class of Concanavalin A binding sites with similar affinity constant was found in untreated and neuraminidase-treated cells in both cell lines. Before surface sialic acid release, the primary cell line expressed two classes of Ricinus lectin binding sites with high and low affinity; the cell line of metastatic origin had only one class of Ricinus lectin binding sites with low affinity. After neuraminidase treatment, the number of Ricinus lectin binding sites with low affinity increased two- or three-fold in both cell lines, whereas the high affinity binding sites were not observed in primary cells. The present data indicated that differences in surface sialic acid level modified the Ricinus lectin binding in two human melanoma cell lines. However, the ability of the cells to bind Concanavalin A was not changed. PMID- 6544897 TI - Comparison of in vitro assays for detecting subpopulations of P388 leukemic cells resistant to AraC. AB - The kinetics of cytosine arabinoside (AraC) were studied in vitro using P388 murine leukemia lines sensitive (P388-S) and resistant (P388-R) to the drug. Using P388-S cells, the 3H-thymidine index (L.I.) was paralleled by the 3H-AraC index, i.e. any cell in the S-phase of the cycle also incorporated the 3H-AraC into DNA. With the resistant line, the 3H-AraC index was zero in spite of high L.I. This discrepancy between the L.I. and 3H-AraC index could be used to predict the percentage of resistant cells when known mixtures of sensitive and resistant populations were used. The reason for lack of incorporation into DNA by the resistant cells was shown to be the presence of very low levels of the enzyme deoxycytidine kinase in P388-R cells resulting in an inability to phosphorylate AraC to its active form AraCTP. Immediate inhibition of DNA synthesis caused by AraC was directly proportional to the number of sensitive cells present in the population, but was not as accurate a predictor of sensitivity as the 3H-AraC index. Cloning in methylcellulose was found to be the least sensitive predictor of the percentage of sensitive and resistant cells, most likely related to the difference in cloning efficiency of the sensitive and resistant lines. PMID- 6544898 TI - Plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin after intrapleural administration. AB - The plasma pharmacokinetics of adriamycin after intrapleural administration have been studied. The maximum plasma concentration found after intrapleural instillation of 50 mg was 100 ng ml-1, the adriamycin half-life being about 2.5 h. Large amounts of the drug are adsorbed from the pleura. Hence risks for cardiomyopathy, previously associated with the repeated intravenous administration of adriamycin, must also be considered after intrapleural administration. PMID- 6544899 TI - DTIC and CPZ cytotoxicities on established human melanocyte cell lines. AB - We report the effects of one cytostatic and one anti-emetic, DTIC and chlorpromazine (CPZ), on eight established human melanocyte cell lines using 3 methods of evaluation. Considerable differences in chemo-sensitivity to DTIC were discovered. Both inhibition, stimulation and no effect were seen. CPZ always showed cytotoxic effect in vitro. DTIC combined with CPZ had an antagonistic effect except for one cell line which was synergistic. From the chemosensitivity obtained with a primary tumor, it was impossible to predict that of its metastasis. Two similar metabolic effects in vitro were not necessarily related to identical therapeutic sensitivity in vivo. At least 3 significant results must be obtained in vitro to predict a therapeutic schedule. PMID- 6544900 TI - Plasma kinetics of mitoxantrone in leukemic patients. AB - The plasma kinetics of mitoxantrone (MX), a new cytostatic anthracenedione, were investigated with HPLC in five leukemic patients suffering from acute myeloid leukemia, at the dose of 24 mg m-2 infused over 30 min at constant rate. The decay of the plasma concentrations was best fitted to a three compartment model with average elimination half-lives of respectively 4.1 min (alpha-phase), 19.8 min (beta-phase) and 8.9 h (gamma-phase), a mean distribution volume of 317 l m-2 and an average total body clearance of 0.37 l min-1 m-2. The cumulative urinary recovery of unchanged MX was 7.5% of the administered dose in 4 days, with the highest elimination during the first day. No MX urinary metabolites or conjugates have been detected. PMID- 6544902 TI - Monoclonal immunoglobulins--development of a concept. PMID- 6544901 TI - Clinical DNA flow cytometry. AB - Modal DNA values of tumours from various sites may exhibit (1) a diploid-near diploid distribution, (2) an exponential distribution in the tetraploid to triploid range, or (3) a log-normal distribution in the triploid to tetraploid range. Examples of these various types of distribution are non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1), aneuploid prostate carcinoma (2), aneuploid colon, breast, cervix and testicular carcinomas (3). These differences indicate dissimilarities in tumour development. In aneuploid tumours from the same site both tetraploid exponential and triploid-tetraploid log-normal distributions may occur. In bladder carcinoma these are related to grade. Modal DNA values in tumours are 10% higher than would be expected from modal chromosome numbers. This difference seems not to be due to a relative increase in large-sized chromosomes or due to technical shortcomings. Chromosome studies also show the possibility of the existence of near diploid malignant cells in grossly aneuploid tumours. Modal DNA values are connected with functional tumour properties by the proportion of S-phase cells. The significance of the latter is exemplified by follow-up of patients with bladder and cervix carcinoma. PMID- 6544904 TI - Chimeric univalent antibodies for treating lymphoid malignancies. AB - A more effective use of antibody in treating cancer appears to require derivatives with enhanced cytotoxic potential. Working with anti-idiotype antibodies directed against neoplastic lymphocytes, we have shown previously that univalent antibody derivatives with intact Fc-regions can avoid antigenic modulation while retaining the ability to recruit cytotoxic effectors such as complement. Chimeric univalent antibodies represent an extension of this approach. To prepare them Fab' gamma from antibody is linked by thioether bonds to half-cystine in normal Ig of the species to undergo immunotherapy. The derivatives FabIgG and FabFc utilize IgG and Fc gamma respectively as the effector partners of the antibody Fab' gamma. They appear superior to parent antibody in their ability to invoke complement and K-cell killing of target lymphocytes. They show promise of being minimally immunogenic and, because they present homologous Fc, should prove efficient recruiters of host effector functions. PMID- 6544903 TI - Different ways to modify monoclonal antibodies. AB - In this paper we summarize experiments which were undertaken to create altered antibody molecules. Three different approaches were used. Established hybridoma lines were re-hybridized to mouse spleen cells to generate arrays of secondary hybridomas which express one particular heavy chain and one specificity together with a multitude of different light chains. In such hybrids the influence of light chains to the antibody combining site and the influence of affinity to antibody effector functions can be studied. Another way to obtain altered antibodies was the selection of cells producing less lytic IgM. With this technique we obtained (among many other variants) a series of mu-deletion products which were used to map the fine specificity of rat anti-mouse mu monoclonal antibodies. Both the anti-mu antibodies and the deletion variants were used to assign the Clq binding to the fourth C mu-domain demonstrating the power of mutant IgM in the structure-function analysis. In a third series of experiments we show the feasibility of generating new antibody combining sites by the methods of molecular genetics. The variable region gene of a heavy chain was placed in front of a kappa-constant region gene. The plasmid construct was transferred into mouse myeloma lines which stably express a variable heavy constant light chain protein. Upon fusion with a light chain producing line, chimaeric light chain dimers with a functional antibody combining site were secreted. These experiments demonstrate that new series of man-made antibody molecules can be made in the future. PMID- 6544905 TI - [Construction of a new hospital in Zagreb]. PMID- 6544906 TI - [Comparison of the value of transperineal and transrectal cytodiagnostic aspiration punctures of the prostate using thin needles and their complications]. PMID- 6544907 TI - [Treatment of obesity by changing eating behavior]. PMID- 6544908 TI - [Mediterranean spotted fever in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 6544909 TI - [The value of long-term continuous use of oxygen in the treatment of chronic respiratory insufficiency and its effect on diuresis during decompensated cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6544910 TI - [Transient hypoplasia of granulocyte stem cells during viral hepatitis A]. PMID- 6544911 TI - [Hemodialysis using the subclavian catheter]. PMID- 6544912 TI - [Combined endocranial and extracranial approach to tumors of the nose and paranasal sinuses]. PMID- 6544913 TI - [The effect of ionic strength on the reactivity of the modified indirect antiglobulin test]. PMID- 6544914 TI - [Late results of peripheral neurectomy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6544915 TI - [Ulcerous colitis and Crohn's disease. 1. Etiology and pathogenesis]. PMID- 6544916 TI - [Hematopoietic stem cells. 1]. PMID- 6544918 TI - The role of doctors as counsellors. PMID- 6544917 TI - The cellular protein p53 in human tumours. AB - Tumour tissue from patients with colorectal and mammary tumours has been assayed for the cellular protein p53 using a specific radioimmune assay. The levels of p53 in normal tissues are not detectable with this assay but a substantial number of the tumours showed detectable p53, i.e. the amounts of this protein were significantly increased, to levels which varied from 0.3% to 10% of that found in simian virus 80 (SV80), an SV40 transformed human fibroblast cell line. Sera from the same patients were also assayed for the presence of anti-p53 antibodies and found to be positive in about 12% of the patients. The presence of increased amounts of p53 is not peculiar to malignant tumours since 4 out of 19 fibroadenomas (benign breast tumours) showed detectable amounts of p53 protein. The DNA from tumours was examined by Southern blotting using a variety of restriction enzymes. The arrangement of the p53 gene was not detectably altered in comparison with that in normal human foetal liver DNA. No alteration was observed which could be correlated with the increased levels of p53 in the positive tumours. PMID- 6544919 TI - Congenital (Bochdalek) diaphragmatic hernia: problems in diagnosis and management. PMID- 6544920 TI - Disyllabic Malay word lists for speech audiometry. PMID- 6544921 TI - Anterior chamber implantation at University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 6544922 TI - Circumcision: myth, ritual, operation. PMID- 6544923 TI - The isolation of Salmonella from raw, cooked and dried foods. PMID- 6544924 TI - Outcome of patients with chronic renal failure: review of patients presenting over a one-year period. PMID- 6544925 TI - Organophosphate poisoning: a Malaysian intensive care experience of one hundred cases. PMID- 6544926 TI - [Evaluation of the nutrition and health components in the future planning for food and nutrition in Kuala Selangor]. PMID- 6544927 TI - Modified Millin's prostatectomy in a district hospital. PMID- 6544928 TI - Sickle cell anaemia in pregnancy: a case report. PMID- 6544929 TI - The elderly Malaysian. PMID- 6544930 TI - Health status and differential use of medical resources: a survey sample in Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 6544931 TI - Child nutrition among the Penans of the Upper Baram, Sarawak. PMID- 6544932 TI - Locus of control and reaction to illness: a study of patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6544933 TI - The use of ultrasound in ocular biometry. PMID- 6544934 TI - Campylobacter jejuni as a cause of diarrhoea in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. PMID- 6544935 TI - Isolation of salmonella from unusual sites in the body. PMID- 6544936 TI - Erotomania: two case reports. PMID- 6544937 TI - Tropical myositis: an underdiagnosed entity? PMID- 6544938 TI - Corticosteroids causing severe growth suppression in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6544939 TI - Cervical toxoplasma lymphadenitis: report of a case. PMID- 6544940 TI - A rare cause of acute appendicitis: Burkitt's lymphoma of the appendix. PMID- 6544941 TI - Arteriovenous fistula of the superior thyroid artery: post thyroid operation. PMID- 6544943 TI - Faecaloma of the rectum: a case report. PMID- 6544942 TI - A lesion mistaken for malignant melanoma of the posterior uvea: a case report. PMID- 6544944 TI - Natural toxins in plant foods. AB - Certain plants - notably soya bean and cassava - contain substances which can produce adverse physiological effects in human beings. People have in some instances learnt to deal with these effects by cooking and other forms of preparation. PMID- 6544945 TI - Disturbed children: the role of food and chemical sensitivities. AB - A wide range of longlasting patterns of symptoms may result from individual sensitivity to substances in the environment such as foods, chemicals, dusts and pollens. Behaviourally disturbed and learning disordered children are common. Their numbers may be increasing and certainly they make great demands on parental understanding and courage as well as on professional judgement and time. A number of case studies are presented which suggest that the difficulties encountered by a significant number of these children have much to do with idiosyncratic responses to foods and additives. This hypothesis requires careful research study at an early date for if validated it will have far reaching implications for the assessment and management of disturbed, delinquent and learning disordered children. Perhaps not enough attention has been paid to the role of biological and environmental factors in the development of children's problems. Certainly recent research has begun to provide support for the concept of environmental (ecologic) illness. PMID- 6544946 TI - Do nutrient supplements and dietary changes affect learning and emotional reactions of children with learning difficulties? A controlled series of 16 cases. AB - Detailed dietary and biochemical analyses were done on 16 consecutive cases of children aged 5-15 years referred for a combined remedial reading/behaviour modification program. Each child was given an individually designed vitamin and mineral supplement. Diets were also changed to reduce sugars and refined foods and toxic metals contamination. Cases were matched in pairs with 16 other cases on the program who were given no dietary changes but who received a one-a-day vitamin/mineral capsule as part of standard procedure at the clinic. Over 22 weeks on the program, the experimental group showed significantly greater improvements than the control group in behaviour assessed at school, at home and in the clinic. The experimental group also made significantly greater gains in reading skills. Routine Stanford-Binet intelligence tests given at week 2 and week 20 or 21 showed increased IQ scores of 5 to 35 points (mean = 17.9) for the experimental group. Increases for the control group were 0-21 points (mean = 8.4). Results suggest that subtle nutritional variables exert a substantial influence on learning and behaviour. PMID- 6544947 TI - Differing diets which beget differing degrees of health in differing people. PMID- 6544948 TI - Membranes, methylation and lithium responsive psychoses. AB - Data are presented showing that the erythrocyte ghost membranes of lithium responsive and non-responsive schizophrenic-like patients are different from control membranes. In both groups of patients there was a significant decrement of phosphatidylcholine (PC) which was largely compensated for by an increase in sphingomyelin. The decrement in PC may in part be associated with a decrease in phospholipid methylation which converts phosphatidylethanolmine (PE) to PC. Interestingly, in the lithium-responsive but not the non-responsive patients, lithium stimulates methylation activity. This stimulation may affect a variety of membrane functions, e.g. adenyl cyclase activity, which would be involved in lithium's therapeutic actions. PMID- 6544949 TI - [Tsetse flies and trypanosomiasis]. PMID- 6544950 TI - [Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead 1910 in the Sudano-Guinean savannah zone in Mali. II. Spatial distribution of a population]. PMID- 6544951 TI - [Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead 1910 in the Sudano-Guinean savannah zone in Mali. III. Diurnal resting places in the hot dry season]. PMID- 6544952 TI - [Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead 1910 in the Sudano-Guinean savannah zone in Mali. IV. Role in the transmission of trypanosomes in a N'dama cattle raising ranch in Madina Diassa]. PMID- 6544953 TI - [Technical progress in the mass breeding of Glossina in Burkina]. PMID- 6544954 TI - [Probable number of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense transmitted by Glossina morsitans]. PMID- 6544955 TI - A simple method to breed tsetse flies under field conditions. PMID- 6544956 TI - Experimental aerial release of sterile males of Glossina palpalis gambiensis and of Glossina tachinoides in a biological control operation. PMID- 6544957 TI - A study on the ecology and trypanosome infection of Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newst in south Darfur, Sudan. PMID- 6544958 TI - The occurrence of cuticular lesions (cicatrices) of Glossina species in the field. PMID- 6544959 TI - [Demonstration of resistance to trypanocides among the species of Trypanosoma congolense recently isolated in Burkina]. PMID- 6544960 TI - [In vitro stimulation of peripheral lymphocytes of West African cattle by lectins: implications in trypanosomiasis]. PMID- 6544962 TI - [A case of trypanosomiasis (T. brucei) in an Asian tiger (Panthera tigris) in a zoo in Togo]. PMID- 6544961 TI - [Allogenic response in West African cattle. Modification in trypanosomiasis]. PMID- 6544963 TI - Trypanosoma evansi: in-vitro serum-dependent phagocytosis. PMID- 6544964 TI - Chemoprophylaxis: Boran cattle can be productive under high tsetse challenge. PMID- 6544965 TI - [Antigenic variants detected after cyclic transmission of a clone of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in trypanosensitive and resistant cattle]. PMID- 6544966 TI - [Albumin polymorphism in Baoule cattle and a population of zebu of the Sudanese type]. PMID- 6544968 TI - [Creation and activities of an international working group on Trypanosoma evansi infections]. PMID- 6544967 TI - [Perspectives in the use of toxic attractive systems in the battle against Glossina (Diptera, Glossinidae)]. PMID- 6544969 TI - [Cost of using insecticide screens in the integrated battle against Glossina in the pastoral area of Sideradougou, Burkina]. PMID- 6544970 TI - Large scale rearing of tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) in the C.R.T.A. Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina based on in vitro feeding techniques. PMID- 6544971 TI - [Distribution of Glossina in the 'welcome' pastoral zone in Sideradougou, Burkina]. PMID- 6544973 TI - Aging and the perception of illness. PMID- 6544972 TI - When aging begins. A lifespan developmental approach. PMID- 6544974 TI - Women's and men's retirement income status. Early family role effects. PMID- 6544975 TI - Older adulthood. Short-term changes in anxiety, fatigue, and other psychological states. PMID- 6544977 TI - When does aging begin? PMID- 6544976 TI - Psychological well-being in the aged. Factorial and conceptual dimensions. PMID- 6544978 TI - Retirement migration decision making. The integration geographic, social, and economic preferences. PMID- 6544979 TI - National elderly migration patterns and selectivity. 1955-1960, 1965-1970, and decade trends. PMID- 6544980 TI - Life satisfaction of subpopulations of elderly. The comparative effects of volunteerism, employment, and meal site participation. PMID- 6544981 TI - Socio-political bases of senior citizen mobilization. Salient issues beyond health policy. PMID- 6544982 TI - Adult day care and the nursing home. The appropriateness of care in alternative settings. PMID- 6544983 TI - Social network relationships and use of physician services. A reexamination. PMID- 6544984 TI - Entry into retirement communities. Process and related problems. PMID- 6544985 TI - Breadth of categorization and metaphoric processing. A study of young and older adults. PMID- 6544986 TI - A health profile of older women with comparisons to older men. PMID- 6544987 TI - Marital status, living arrangements, and the well-being of older people. PMID- 6544988 TI - Determinants of state-to-state flows of elderly migrants. PMID- 6544989 TI - The hearing loss epidemic. A challenge to gerontology. PMID- 6544991 TI - Life satisfaction time components among the elderly. Toward understanding the contribution of predictor variables. PMID- 6544992 TI - Life satisfaction and old age. A reexamination. PMID- 6544990 TI - Attitudes and behavior of staff in facilities for the aged. PMID- 6544993 TI - Health consequences of major role losses in later life. A panel study. PMID- 6544994 TI - Life expectancy and the older population. Demographic implications of recent and prospective trends in old age mortality. PMID- 6544995 TI - Social integration and mental health of the aged. PMID- 6544996 TI - Factors influencing the locational context of old people's activities. PMID- 6544997 TI - The types of social relations predicting elderly well-being. PMID- 6544998 TI - Unravelling the effects of multiple life changes. PMID- 6544999 TI - [Rational treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. I. Therapeutic agents and methods]. PMID- 6545000 TI - [Multilateral and interdisciplinary study of children and young people with a view to optimizing the factors that influence behavioral development. IV. Conclusions and deductions with a prospective assessment of the observations and research conducted]. PMID- 6545001 TI - [Importance of interdisciplinary research in criminal psychopathology]. PMID- 6545002 TI - [Arterial hypertension in Cushing's disease]. PMID- 6545003 TI - [L. monocytogenes septicemia in a newborn and an older infant]. PMID- 6545004 TI - [Postoperative peptic ulcer. The experience of the 1st Surgical Clinic of Iasi]. PMID- 6545005 TI - [Diagnostic, procedural and technical problems in hepatobiliary reinterventions for lithiasis]. PMID- 6545006 TI - [Reinterventions in pyelocaliceal lithiasis]. PMID- 6545007 TI - [Reye's syndrome. Comments on 3 cases]. PMID- 6545008 TI - [Ceruloplasmin values in oral candidiasis]. PMID- 6545009 TI - [Comparative risk of viral hepatitis contamination in collectives, living quarters and among families]. PMID- 6545010 TI - [Evaluation of the risk factors for arterial hypertension in an epidemiological survey of the work site. I. Retrospective data]. PMID- 6545011 TI - [Analytical study of triazine herbicides]. PMID- 6545012 TI - [Pulmonary virosis with an unusual radiological manifestation]. PMID- 6545013 TI - [Morphological considerations of the significance of the lesions in the stomach resected for ulcer]. PMID- 6545014 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties in bronchopulmonary cancer]. PMID- 6545015 TI - [Gastric mucosal heterotopia in the rectum]. PMID- 6545016 TI - [Occlusal interception in the therapy of the dysfunction syndrome of the stomatognathic system]. PMID- 6545017 TI - [Prevalence of bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 6545018 TI - [Optimizing the formulation of a barium sulfate suspension]. PMID- 6545019 TI - Diffuse hepatic hemangioma associated with secondary polycythaemia. PMID- 6545020 TI - [Staphylococcal toxic shock: the 1st case described in Romania]. PMID- 6545021 TI - [Aortic aneurysm and dissection]. PMID- 6545022 TI - [Medicine and philosophy. V]. PMID- 6545023 TI - Research in and on primary health care. AB - There is a need for much more research in the primary health services especially in general practice. Epidemiological and clinical studies in this field can greatly improve our knowledge about modern concepts of health and disease in that large section of the population who do not come into contact with the institutionalised health services. Furthermore such research will complement work in other medical fields, thus reducing bias caused, for example, by short doctor patient relationship. A major problem of research in primary care is the evaluation of what is often soft and complex data derived from multi-practice and inter-disciplinary studies. Research aimed at statistical significance may result in low clinical significance and vice versa. PMID- 6545024 TI - Community diagnosis. A theoretical model for prevention in primary health care. AB - The current trend in health policies in Sweden is based on a holistic view of health and this means an increased overall responsibility for the county councils. There will be new challenges for the primary health care services, especially concerning epidemiology and health education. The community diagnosis model, which has three levels--namely the descriptive, analytical, and health action programmes--should prove to be a useful tool in this work. This article gives a general review and outlines the theoretical background of community diagnosis as a tool in broad preventive programmes at the local level. Skaraborg is the only county in Sweden that has a broad preventive programme, or health plan. This is based on a political decision taken in 1971. Experience of cooperation between primary health care and the Community Health Unit, at the county level during the seventies has provided the practical foundation for the community diagnosis model. The knowledge made available by the community diagnosis is of great value to the district physician in his daily work. When he knows more about the highly prevalent diseases (such as diabetes and hypertension) in the local community, he can better organize the treatment of these diseases in the health care centre. A knowledge of health risks, individual or environmental can, in the same way, facilitate his participation in the dialogue with members of the community and the planning of preventive measures. PMID- 6545025 TI - No effect of early antenatal care on classical measures of pregnancy outcome? PMID- 6545026 TI - Primary care physicians and use of health services in Finland. AB - This article presents results from a study investigating the relationships between the availability of resources and the use of health services in Finland focusing on the health centre physician supply variable. The study uses observations from other studies on the subject and knowledge of the Finnish and other health services as a point of departure. It tries, by using the systems approach, to examine the effects on use of the health services resources considered to be important from the organizational and health policy points of view. The specific aim of the study was to investigate the relationships between the health centre physicians and other health centre resources and use in various health care sectors. The results suggest that the organization of primary health care, including the primary care physicians, has a profound potential effect on the use and costs of the total health care system. PMID- 6545028 TI - The disintegrating family--what will be the medical consequences? PMID- 6545027 TI - Benefits of health screening among the elderly. AB - This study evaluates the benefits of a health screening programme among the elderly in a rural district in Norway. The study was based on a random sample of persons aged 68 years or more. Among the 101 screened individuals 18 previously unknown health problems of importance were disclosed. Of these, the diagnosis of four cases (glaucoma simplex) were considered to be of major importance. The results of the study indicate that periodic health screening of all the elderly is hardly justified in districts with well organized and adequately staffed health services to meet the populations daily needs and demands. Such a screening programme, however, will be beneficial to the elderly who seldom or never consult a physician. PMID- 6545029 TI - Inter-practice variability in multipractice studies. PMID- 6545030 TI - The denominator problem. PMID- 6545031 TI - Aetiological work-up in the renal stone former. PMID- 6545032 TI - Aetiological examination of recurrent urinary stone formers in general practice. AB - As a part of a project performed in general practice 93 recurrent urinary stone formers were examined by means of a programme comprising a thorough medical history, clinical examination, serum determinations, a chemical stone analysis, two consecutive 24h urine collections and i.v.-pyelography. The diagnostic information obtained from the different examinations is presented. In 64 (69%) of the patients the probable aetiology of the stone formation was revealed. Twenty seven (29%) of all patients had combined aetiology. Hyperuricosuria and hypercalciuria were groups of equal size, comprising all together 45 patients, and emphasizing the necessity of 24h urine collections. Hyperparathyroidism (surgically verified) was diagnosed in four patients, based on serum calcium. Seven patients had infectious stone. It is stated that an aetiological examination of the recurrent stone former may be adequately carried out in general practice and lead to important therapeutical consequences. PMID- 6545033 TI - Patient management problems in general practice using a medical journal for self assessment exercises. AB - A series of six patient management problems, with clinical case histories from the authors' own practices, was presented in a Norwegian medical journal (Utposten) during 1981 and the spring of 1982. The readers were asked to respond to a number of statements which related to each case history, using a 5-point rating scale. The answers were prepared from return forms mailed anonymously to the authors, leaving the doctors with copies of their own answers. The following issue of the journal then presented the distribution of all incoming answers by giving histograms and mean values of the ratings for each question. In addition, the case history author gave his own ratings, a review of the answers, and more details about the case. In this way the respondents were given a possibility of comparing their own diagnostic skills and management decisions with those of their colleagues. There was a total of 406 incoming answers from 243 different participants, among whom 210 were general practitioners or district physicians. Background characteristics of these doctors are discussed, as well as the results of an evaluation questionnaire. This experiment with problem solving by mail was well received by the readers, mainly as a supplement to their continuing medical education. The method in this study, which permits quantification of clinical decision, may be a useful tool for medical audit activities. PMID- 6545034 TI - Methods of a Danish multipractice study 1977-78. AB - The methods used in a multipractice study about asthma and allergic rhinitis in 1977-78 is described. In total 153 general practices took part comprising 271 physicians. The total practice population was 450.271 persons as calculated from the number of persons insured in groups 1 and 2 of the public health insurance system plus their children. The general practitioners were for the most part younger than the average Danish general practitioners. The age of the practice population was younger than the age of the total Danish population. The region of Zealand was overrepresented, and Copenhagen underrepresented. These differences were, on the whole, relatively small. The course of recording was judged by comparing the doctors' self-estimated recording activity with their actual number of consultations per patient. This self-estimated recording rate was a useful indicator of recording quality. The recording rate seemed to be reasonably good in those two third of the practices, which estimated themselves to have recorded more than 90% of the consultations intended to be recorded. The interpractice variability of recording in multipractice studies is an important methodological problem of general practice research. In this study interaction was found with some practice characteristics, but major sources of variability remain unexplained. In spite of the difficulties mentioned conditions for collecting information about prevalence and course of diseases in general practice in Denmark are very favourable in comparison with most other countries. The reason for that is the very large proportion of the population, which is firmly registered with particular practices, the public personal identification number, the access to relevant registers, and the feasibility of handling substantial amounts of data. PMID- 6545035 TI - A low intensity epidemic of contagious collagen diseases? PMID- 6545036 TI - Is farmer's lung related to the haymaking method? PMID- 6545037 TI - Presentation of the Nordic countries and their primary health care. 2. Finland. PMID- 6545038 TI - Screening, treatment and adherence to treatment for hypertension. AB - The population aged 40 to 64 years of the municipality of Koylio, situated in southwestern Finland, was screened for hypertension in 1973-74; a total of 1018 persons (92%) participated in the program. On the basis of two separate blood pressure measurements a total of 147 hypertensive individuals who were not under treatment were identified. These individuals were divided into two groups by randomization of matched pairs. One group (the control group) was merely advised by letter to see a physician for raised blood pressure, while the other group (the experimental group), in addition to being so notified, received written information explaining the nature of hypertension and the importance of its treatment. After two years, the individuals in both groups were invited for a follow-up blood-pressure measurement, with the object of investigating the number of individuals who had sought treatment and who had continued it, and the differences between the groups in treatment seeking and adherence. A total of 79% of those who were notified to seek medical care had done so. Antihypertensive drug therapy had been begun for 85% of these. After two years, 56% of those who had been found initially to be hypertensive and who were seen in the follow-up were still under treatment. In 43% of these the blood pressure was at the target level. No statistically significant differences in treatment seeking and adherence to it were found between the experimental and control groups, nor were differences found in the decline in the blood pressure or its target levels. Comparing with other studies shows, that results can be better if the health care system that carries out the screening procedure for hypertension also take active steps to bring the patient under treatment and keep him on the regimen. PMID- 6545039 TI - Hypertension in elderly people in a Swedish primary care district. AB - In a retrospective study, 124 hypertensives aged 60-69 years, and taken care of by primary health care, were compared with 124 age and sex matched controls with regard to blood pressure, body mass index, smoking and alcohol habits as well as cardiovascular diseases. Blood pressure, mean +/- SEM (mm Hg) was reduced by 37/24 in males and 40/24 in females. Drug treatment was given to 93 per cent of the patients. Our goal of treatment - blood pressure 180/100 or below - was obtained in 75 per cent of the patients. Cardiovascular diseases were more common in male hypertensives than in their controls. The relative odds of stroke in male hypertensives treated within the primary health care organisation was estimated to 7.7 (1.3-45.3) and of cardiovascular diseases to 4.3 (1.7-10.1). In a ten year prospective cohort study of all pensioners in the primary care district, born in 1902 and 1903, a subcohort of pensioners with hypertension and under medical treatment when they were 70 years old (n = 39) was compared with the subcohort of pensioners without hypertension at this age (n = 105). This study comprised 342 person-years in the former subcohort and 889 person-years in the latter. No significant differences in mortality nor in cardiovascular morbidity were found between the subcohorts. The results of the two studies showed higher risks for male hypertensives aged 60-69 years who are taken care of by primary health care compared with those aged 70-80 years in spite of the latter group being older, having higher systolic blood pressure at the examinations and less degree of antihypertensive drug treatment. This shows that hypertension as a risk indicator for cardiovascular diseases may differ between age groups above 60 years. PMID- 6545040 TI - Quality assurance in primary medical care. AB - Some general ideas of the evaluation of the work of the physician applicable also to primary care physicians are taken up in this article. The presentation is not trying to be a complete review of the topic. It tries, however, to direct attention to the importance of the subject from the point of view of the practising physician and also to point out some ideas of the possible difficulties to be faced in connection with primary medical care. Certain basic weaknesses of the original audit method in the primary setting are indicated. The usefulness of the structure-process-outcome model and of the understanding of the complex interactions and relationships between the various components of this model are stressed. Finally, a couple of promising methods relating to the work of the primary care physician are described. From the practice point of view the basic problem is to decide to what extent either the process or outcome are valid indicators of quality. Here one should keep in mind that correlation between these two measurements may be low and that it has been expressed by some (1) that, fundamentally, validity depends on the strength of the relationship between process and outcome and on our understanding of that relationship. PMID- 6545042 TI - Presentation of the Nordic countries and their primary health care. 3. Iceland. PMID- 6545041 TI - Difficulties in a multipractice study. AB - A multipractice study with the aid of questionnaires concerning "The possible influence of patients' occupations on sterility" had to be given up, when three quarters of the general practitioners who originally enrolled failed to complete the investigation. To help other investigators involved in multipractice studies, an analysis was done of the causes of general practitioner drop out. This points to lack of motivation, a lack of knowledge of epidemiology, forgetfulness and too great a workload on the part of the general practitioner. In addition findings showed an over long period of study, a rather extensive and complicated questionnaire, the fact that sterility is a rare problem, and other more obscure circumstances. PMID- 6545043 TI - General practitioners for all in the year of 2000? Some reflections after the 10. WONCA World Conference on Family Medicine. Singapore, 20-24 May 1983. PMID- 6545045 TI - Medical audit. PMID- 6545044 TI - The Nordic School of Public Health. AB - A few years ago the Nordic School of Public Health was reorganised according to the models of the British and American Schools of Public Health, while continuing to work in close contact with the ministries and the national health service organisation of the five Nordic countries. The basic needs of public health training are guaranteed by the core courses leading to a Master's Degree of Public Health. The highly topical issues in health sciences are covered by short courses, conferences and workshops. Some major research projects have been initiated to deal with problems of common interest to the Nordic health care systems. Due to an increasing demand for the educational programme, only a small proportion of the applicants can be admitted. Recently, the school has extended its international involvement and is currently engaged in several international courses and projects. In the near future it is intended to introduce a doctoral programme in public health. PMID- 6545046 TI - Month of birth in asthma and allergic rhinitis. AB - The distribution by month of birth among 7796 patients, who consulted Danish general practitioners during a one year period 1977-78 because of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis is presented. Among allergic rhinitis patients births in March and April were significantly overrepresented, and July underrepresented. As a whole February-May were overrepresented and July-January underrepresented. The distribution of month of birth of asthma patients did not differ from the distribution of the total Danish population. Patients suffering from both asthma and allergic rhinitis presented a pattern similar to that of allergic rhinitis patients. Families with a high prevalence of allergy may take advantage of this knowledge when planning child births, as the findings may be explained partly by exposure to pollen during infancy. PMID- 6545047 TI - Fundamentals of general medical practice. AB - In many countries there is a recognized specialist education for general practice, corresponding to those offered for organ specialties. Why, then, is general practice not recognized everywhere as a full specialty? It has been suggested that general practice is characterized by an easily available, continuous, personal, binding and comprehensive care. However, there are also other aspects which characterize this discipline. Firstly it is based on an overall view of health and disease, in which physical, mental, and social factors must be taken into account simultaneously. Secondly the epidemiological world, as seen by the primary physician, is different from those of all traditional specialties. This gives rise to considerable consequences in diagnostic and therapeutic work, as reflected in the predictive values of tests and for symptoms in general practice, when contrasted with specialist practice. Thirdly, the approach to problem solving is also very different. In general practice, it is characterized by thinking in terms of possibility or probability, whereas in specialist practice the reductionistic method is used. A fourth factor can also be pin-pointed. Although the primary physician is responsible for the greater part of diagnosis and treatment of illness in the population, he also co ordinates the patient's contact with the second and third line services in the hospital and in specialized medicine. Therefore, general practice is an independent medical discipline, which demands its own specialist education. PMID- 6545048 TI - Auditory sensitivity in the middle-aged population in southwestern Finland. AB - The present study deals with the auditory sensitivity of men and women 40 to 64 years of age living in two municipalities situated in the southwestern part of Finland and the prevalence of defective hearing in this middle-aged population. Hearing acuity was tested in 1043 men (93.2%) and 1221 women (93.1%). It appeared in the investigation that hearing loss increased markedly with age in both sexes. Auditory sensitivity was clearly better in women than in men. Of the entire population 7.1% had evident bilateral hearing loss when an average loss of 25 dB in the speech range was used as the cut-off point. Hearing loss of 35 dB in the speech area was regarded as requiring an otological examination and possible care even when present in only one ear. Of the men 12.1% and 7.9% of the women were in this category; this represents an overall prevalence of 9.9%. PMID- 6545049 TI - The sexual life of 40-year-old women. PMID- 6545050 TI - Fear of cancer among patients in general practice. AB - The general practitioners dealing with cancer has other parameters than statistics of incidence and prevalence. In 400 consecutive interviews with patients in general practice when asked if the consultation was brought about because of fear or thoughts of cancer, eight % answered "yes" and 11% "partly". When asked if they thought about or feared cancer, a total of 47% answered "yes" or "sometimes". Many more women than men expressed fear of cancer. The fear did not increase with age in contrast to the increasing incidence of the disease. For every new case of diagnosed cancer there are many patients in whom malignancy has been suspected but not verified. Almost every tenth patient in this study was investigated further due to possible cancer. PMID- 6545051 TI - Prevalence of migraine and other headaches in early puberty. AB - A representative epidemiological study on the occurrence of migraine and other headaches in Finnish schoolchildren 14 years of age is presented. The investigation covered 3863 pupils, accounting for 94.2% of the total of 4101 mentally normal children, who went to school in two big Finnish cities. There were 1954 boys and 1909 girls in the study. They were given a one-page questionnaire with four questions concerning the frequency and the nature of headache in themselves and their family members. Considerable attention was paid to the wording and unambiguity of each question. The forms were filled in under the control of the home-room teacher, whose check-up of the answers was intended to remove discrepancies between the filled-in forms and the children's complaints. For the clinically working physician, especially the general practitioner, it is worthwhile noticing that during the last 12 months not less than 68% of the 14-year-old schoolchildren had suffered from headache. Headache had been less frequent in the boys (65%) than in the girls (71%). In 10.2% of the schoolchildren migraine attacks had occurred. Again, the boys had migraine less frequently (6.7%) than the girls (13.8%). The combination of individual migraine factors, which occurred in one third of the cases, was unilateral pain and migraine in other family members. The figures are similar to those in another investigation of headaches in schoolchildren. PMID- 6545052 TI - Relationship between use of increased primary health care and other out-patient care in a Swedish urban area. I. Utilisation of public primary health care. AB - The Swedish National Health and Medical Care program is currently undergoing a change. The aim of this gradual change is a more decentralized system where the primary care service is expanded to cater for the transfer of patients from the hospitals over to primary care. This study, which is one part of a longitudinal design aims to show changes in public utilization of the services of general practitioners and district nurses after the expansion of the Matteus Primary Health Care Centre (MPHCC), city of Stockholm. The analysis is based partly on the annual statistical records and partly on medical chart studies of visits to the general practitioner by a selected population. The results showed that the population in the study district made twice as many visits to general practitioners and district nurses after the establishment of the MPHCC. It was also shown that the number of individuals visiting the general practitioners more than doubled during an 18-month period following the expansion of MPHCC. These results corresponds well with the aims associated with the expansion in primary care in future medical care services. PMID- 6545053 TI - Influence of social status on female sexual behaviour. A random sample study of 40-year-old Danish women. AB - In a sexological study of a random sample of 225 40-year-old women, approximately representative of the Danish female population at that age, the main purpose was to obtain general information about sexual behaviour, experience, knowledge and attitude. Another aim was to examine the relationship between sexual behaviour and social status. The method was a detailed, structured interview. The participation percentage was 94. The sexological variables were tested for differences between high and low social status. Sexual behaviour was in several respects determined by social background and actual social status, women in the high social status group having more sexual scope, more benefit from sexual life, more tolerance to and knowledge about sexual matters and lower frequency of sexual problems than women in the low status group. Generally the investigation revealed as a very common feature taboo attitude concerning sexual matters during childhood and a very poor knowledge concerning specific female functions like menarche and menstruation. We conclude that in a description of sexual behaviour it is misleading if generalisations are not made from a socially representative random sample, or if data from each respective social group are not given. PMID- 6545054 TI - [Epidemiologic study of mortality in malignant tumors of the esophagus. 1951 1978]. PMID- 6545055 TI - [Epidemiologic development of diphtheria and poliomyelitis with regard to programs of immunization. 1975-1980]. PMID- 6545056 TI - [Etiological research in epidemiology]. PMID- 6545057 TI - [Toward a new health system]. PMID- 6545058 TI - [Utilization of human anti-tetanus gamma globulins and their spatial distribution in Spain]. PMID- 6545059 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy: value of short and long-term vasodilator treatment and prognosis]. AB - Vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure has proven an effective adjunct to conventional treatment with digitalis and diuretics. In this study dipyridamole was used in combination with isosorbide dinitrate to treat twelve patients (mean age 55 years) with idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy. All patients were in N.Y.H.A. class III or IV and were already treated with digitalis and diuretics. This conventional therapy was not discontinued for the study. Acute studies were performed during diagnostic right and left heart catheterization. Hemodynamics were obtained at rest, after intravenous administration of 40 mg dipyridamole and after 5 mg isosorbide dinitrate sublingually. An increase in cardiac index and stroke volume index was noted, while left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly. The twelve patients were then treated with 4 X 150 mg dipyridamole and 4 X 40 mg isosorbide dinitrate per day while also continuing the digitalis and diuretic treatment. They were followed up clinically for a period of 8 to 24 months. Three patients died but the other nine showed a clinical improvement (mean of 1.45 N.Y.H.A. classes). It was possible to perform a second right and left heart catheterization in four patients. Cardiac index, stroke volume index and maximum and minimum DP/dt were significantly higher, and left ventricular enddiastolic pressure was significantly lower, than before vasodilator therapy. These results suggest a sustained effect of dipyridamole and isosorbide dinitrate. The postextrasystolic modification of maximum DP/dt could be of prognostic value in congestive cardiomyopathy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6545060 TI - [Follow-up studies on benign paroxysmal posture vertigo]. AB - In a prospective study, 47 out of 55 patients with benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPN) were reexamined after 3-41/2 years. In a third of these patients head injury was found to be the cause of positional nystagmus. In a few patients BPN was found to be directly connected with non-traumatic labyrinth affection, intermittent vertebro-basilar insufficiency, or anaesthesia. In a quarter of the patients no causative factors were found. In 44% of the patients nystagmus disappeared in an average of 8.6 months. In the follow-up a quarter of the patients (28%) still suffered regularly from positional nystagmus. Finally, in another quarter of the patients (28%), episodic nystagmus occurred over years and averaged 3.6 episodes per patient. The course of BPN is therefore more resistant and less predictable than was previously believed. However, most patients learn to adjust to the symptom and are only mildly handicapped by BPN. PMID- 6545061 TI - Phencyclidine-like discriminative stimulus properties of the stereoisomers of dioxadrol. AB - Rats (N=6) were trained to discriminate 3.0 mg/kg i.p. phencyclidine (PCP) from saline in a 2-lever fixed-ratio 32 operant discrimination procedure for food presentation. Generalization tests were conducted with other doses of PCP as well as with various doses of the stereoisomers of dioxadrol. Dose-dependent PCP-like discriminative stimulus effects were obtained with dexoxadrol but not with levoxadrol, however overall rates of responding were decreased to a comparable extent by 30 mg/kg of both compounds. PCP was 3.6 times more potent than dexoxadrol in producing stimulus control of responding. These data provide some evidence for stereoselectivity of action for dioxadrol, however nonPCP-like effects of levoxadrol are present at doses only 3 times greater than those doses of dexoxadrol that result in PCP-lever responding. Therefore, absolute stereospecificity beyond 3-fold cannot be demonstrated by these data. PMID- 6545062 TI - Alcohol consumption and systolic blood pressure in the general population. AB - Survey data was analyzed to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the general population. Among older people, SBP is higher for heavier drinkers. Among females, SBP is slightly lower for the light drinkers than for abstainers.. These effects are measured with obesity, race, and menopause, use of birth control pills, smoking, and anxiousness held constant. The reasons for these effects are not clear. PMID- 6545063 TI - Acute and chronic effects of ethanol on biliary secretion of bilirubin and bile acids. AB - Rats treated acutely with ethanol showed a significant increase in biliary bilirubin secretion and in serum bilirubin levels (compared to saline treated controls); no difference was found in bile acid secretion. In rats fed ethanol chronically (36% of total energy for 4-6 weeks) there was a significant increase in the secretion of bilirubin and bile acids when compared to pair fed controls. We observed this effect either in the presence or in the absence of alcohol in the blood at the time of the experiment. The presence of ethanol in the blood, however, resulted in higher biliary and serum bilirubin levels. The increase in bile acid secretion involved selectively di- (but not tri-) hydroxy bile acids. Since increased secretion of unconjugated bilirubin favors pigment gallstones formation, it can be postulated that ethanol contributes to the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis by enhancing the biliary secretion of the pigment. PMID- 6545064 TI - Gains in U.S. life expectancy. PMID- 6545065 TI - Drinking and driving. PMID- 6545066 TI - Nationwide priorities to prevent drunk driving. PMID- 6545067 TI - [1,2,3,4-13C] testosterone and [1,2,3,4-13C] estradiol. AB - The preparation of [1,2,3,4-13C] testosterone and of [1,2,3,4-13C] estradiol by total synthesis is described. The 13C labels are introduced by alkylating intermediate 1 with [1,2,3,4-13C]l-iodo-3,3-ethylenedioxybutane (2) to obtain intermediate 10. Hydrolysis of the ketal function, cyclization, aromatization and removal of protective groups gave [1,2,3,4-13C] estradiol. Labeled testosterone was prepared by methylating intermediate 10 and by subsequent treatment with acid. The labeled steroids can be used as tracers for in vivo metabolic studies and as internal standards for the development of definitive gc-ms quantitative methods. PMID- 6545068 TI - The synthesis of [1,2,3,4-13C] cortisol. AB - The preparation of [1,2,3,4-13C] cortisol 21 acetate by total synthesis is described. The C labels are introduced in a way analogous to the one described by us previously for the synthesis of testosterone and estradiol. The cortisol dihydroxyacetone side chain was elaborated using known methods. The 11 beta hydroxyl function was introduced by addition of hypobromous acid to a 9-double bond followed by reductive debromination. 13C-labeled cortisol can be used as a tracer for the determination of cortisol production rates. PMID- 6545069 TI - The effect of exposure to charcoal and ion-exchange chromatography on the dissociation rate of estrogen from the nuclear estrogen receptor of hen oviduct. AB - The method of initiating dissociation of 3H-estradiol from the nuclear estrogen receptor of hen oviduct was found to have a profound effect on the dissociation rate. Likewise, prior exposure to charcoal or partial purification by ion exchange chromatography had an effect on the dissociation rate. When the reaction was initiated by isotopic dilution with the addition of 1 microM unlabeled estradiol, dissociation of the complexes was rapid (t 1/2 approximately 3 min). When the reaction was initiated by the addition of charcoal to adsorb free steroid, the dissociation of the complexes proceeded slowly (t 1/2 approximately 30 min). Partial purification of the receptors by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography or 15 min exposure to charcoal at 0 degree C prior to initiation of the dissociation reaction by isotopic dilution produced a form of the receptor that exhibited an intermediate dissociation rate (t 1/2 approximately 10 min). The partially purified receptor that exhibited an intermediate dissociation rate was reconverted to the rapidly dissociating form in a reconstitution experiment. These data raise the possibility of a nuclear substance that regulates the rates of estrogen dissociation. PMID- 6545070 TI - Effect of bile acid analogs on 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity in Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708. AB - 7 beta-Methyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (7-MeCDC, 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-7 beta methyl-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid), 7 alpha-methyl-ursodeoxycholic acid (7-MeUDC, 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid), 7 xi-methyl lithocholic acid (7-MeLC, 3 alpha-hydroxy-7 xi-methyl-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid) and ursodeoxycholylsarcosine (UDCS) were tested as inhibitors of bacterial bile acid 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity. At a concentration of 50 microM, 7-MeCDC and 7-MeUDC inhibited enzyme activity by 66% and 12%, respectively. 7 alpha Dehydroxylase activity was not inhibited in the presence of 7-MeLC and UDCS. None of the four bile acid analogs tested inhibited the growth of Eubacterium sp. V.P.I. 12708 at concentrations up to 100 microM. PMID- 6545071 TI - Steroidogenic capabilities of various compartments of rat ovarian follicles in culture. AB - The production of progesterone, estrogen and androgen as well as the metabolism of radiolabelled progesterone by various cellular components of rat ovarian follicles were studied. Granulosa (G), theca (T), recombined granulosa plus theca (G+T) and intact follicular wall (FW) of ovaries from immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (8 IU) were cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of [4-14C]progesterone. The estrogen and androgen accumulation when calculated per follicle was several fold greater in FW than in G, T, or G+T preparations. The conversion of radiolabelled progesterone to its identified C21 catabolites (20 alpha-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan 20-one) was significantly lower in FW than in G+T incubations. Conversely, the metabolism of radiolabelled progesterone to androsterone was several fold greater in FW than in G+T incubations. Addition of hydroxyflutamide to FW incubations significantly decreased estrogen production and increased the conversion of radiolabelled progesterone to androsterone. Estrogen production by follicular wall may be enhanced by androgenic stimulation of aromatase activity as well as by a structure-dependent factor(s) of a yet unknown nature, both of which may decrease progesterone catabolism to biologically inactive progestins while promoting progesterone conversion to androgens and eventually to estrogens. PMID- 6545072 TI - Role of glutathione in the regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of bile acid biosynthesis. AB - The effect of in vivo variation of hepatic glutathione (using diethyl maleate and L-cysteine) on in vitro cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in glutathione depleted rats (ca. 10% of control glutathione) was significantly reduced compared to that in vehicle-injected controls. While L-cysteine treatment of glutathione depleted animals increased glutathione levels somewhat (ca. 20% of control glutathione), they were still significantly less than control levels. Similarly, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity in the partially glutathione replete animals was approximately 50% greater than that in the glutathione-depleted animals, but still significantly less than that in the controls. The rate of 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol was found to be dependent on liver glutathione content. The calculated maximal rate was 34.4 picomoles/mg/min with a half maximal activity at 1.89 mumoles glutathione/gm liver. These results suggest that hepatic glutathione may be an important modulator of in vivo activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. PMID- 6545073 TI - Coordination of cleavage of gag and env gene products of murine leukemia virus: implications regarding the mechanism of processing. AB - Mouse 3T6 cells infected with Murine Leukemia Virus (MuLV) were cloned to yield several sublines producing viruses distinct from one another with respect to the ratio of uncleaved to cleaved gag gene-coded polyprotein, Pr65gag. The virus produced by the cloned sublines also differed in the ratio of the env gene-coded protein, p15E, to its product, p12E. The two ratios, Pr65gag/p30 and p15E/p12E, were found to be highly correlated among the cloned cell lines. Velocity gradient separation of the virions produced by individual sublines, followed by polypeptide analysis, demonstrated that the particles were inhomogeneous with respect to extent of cleavage both of PR65gag and of p15E. The two cleavages were again highly correlated. These data indicate that the gag and env gene product cleavages are not independent events but are tightly coupled. PMID- 6545074 TI - Identification of a transfer of viral core protein to cellular ribosomes during the early stages of alphavirus infection. AB - Sindbis virus containing [35S]methionine-labeled structural proteins was allowed to be taken up by primary chick embryo fibroblasts, and the fate of the core protein was studied. The experiments show that core protein of incoming viral particles is transferred to the large subunit of cellular ribosomes during the initial steps of virus infection. A similar transfer occurs in vitro if cores isolated from SIN virus particles are incubated in the postmitochondrial cytoplasmic fraction of cell lysates. In vivo transfer also occurs if the protein synthesis-inhibiting drugs puromycin or cycloheximide are present during virus uptake, whereas in the presence of chloroquine, which inhibits the release of viral cores into the cytoplasm, which is necessary for productive infection, a transfer of core protein to ribosomes cannot be observed. The latter result indicates that the transfer probably is part of the reactions leading to the release of viral genomic RNA into the cellular cytoplasm during the early stages of productive infection, and presumably does not reflect side reactions. It has been shown earlier that newly synthesized alphavirus core protein binds to the large ribosomal subunit prior to the assembly of viral core particles in infected cells [I. Ulmanen, H. Sonderlund, and L. Kaariainen (1979) Virology 99, 265-276]. These data lead to the suggestion that the disassembly and assembly of alphavirus cores might be regulated by a process which could be called receptor-mediated core disassembly, in which acceptors exist for the protein components of viral nucleoproteins in uninfected cells which early in infection bind these proteins and thereby lead to disassembly of these complexes, and which later on have to be saturated with newly synthesized protein before efficient assembly of nucleoproteins can occur, and that the large ribosomal subunit functions as such a receptor during alphavirus replication. PMID- 6545075 TI - Characterization of a solitary long terminal repeat of avian endogenous virus origin. AB - A recombinant lambda phage library constructed with a partial EcoR1 digest of DNA from a normal RPRL line 15B chicken was screened using 32P-labeled plasmid containing Rous-associated virus (pRAV-2). Nucleotide sequence analyses of a fragment of one subclone revealed the presence of a solitary long terminal repeat (LTR) that is similar to the LTRs of avian endogenous retroviruses ev1 and ev2. This LTR is flanked by unique 6 bp direct repeats characteristic of the target site for duplication of avian leukosis viruses. PMID- 6545076 TI - Enhancements of mouse hepatic cytosol enzyme activities involved in UDP glucuronic acid synthesis, glutathione reduction and conjugation with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and its structural analogs. PMID- 6545077 TI - Gall stones in young adults. PMID- 6545078 TI - Studies on alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the serum and organs of the rat. PMID- 6545079 TI - Study of the pulse waveform and the design of the portable, non-invasive, electromagnetic stimulation for enhancement of fracture healing. PMID- 6545080 TI - Acetabular dysplasia and osteoarthritis developed by an eversion of the acetabular labrum. PMID- 6545082 TI - RNA polymerase I in hepatoma 3924A: mechanism of enhanced activity relative to liver. AB - Two major cyclic nucleotide-independent protein kinases, NI and NII, have been identified in Morris hepatoma 3924A and rat liver. When expressed per unit DNA, the activities of protein kinase NI and NII were 1.3 and 12 times greater, respectively, in the hepatoma than in liver. Protein kinase NII, but not NI, was capable of phosphorylating and activating the DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II. Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase I was accompanied by an increase in average size of the RNA synthesized in vitro, whereas phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II was concomitant with an elevation in the number of RNA chains initiated. RNA polymerase I polypeptides of Mr 120,000, 65,000 and 25,000 were phosphorylated by protein kinase NII; RNA polymerase II polypeptides of Mr 214,000, 140,000 and 21,000 were modified by this kinase. In contrast to the purified hepatoma enzyme, RNA polymerase I activity in nuclear lysates was not affected by addition of protein kinase NII. In vitro phosphorylation of the tumor lysate followed by immunoprecipitation of RNA polymerase I polypeptides indicated little or no phosphate transfer to the 65,000 Mr polypeptide of the enzyme. These data suggested that the tumor enzyme, particularly the 65,000 Mr polypeptide, was highly phosphorylated in vivo, but becomes dephosphorylated during purification. Unlike the tumor enzyme, RNA polymerase I in the liver lysate responded to protein kinase addition; phosphorylation of the liver polymerase I polypeptides of Mr 120,000, 65,000 and 25,000 was observed. These observations indicate that the liver enzyme is not completely phosphorylated (activated) in vivo and that the relatively rapid rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis in the rapidly growing hepatoma may result, at least in part, from a polymerase I which is maximally phosphorylated. PMID- 6545081 TI - Synthesis, intracellular transport and processing of mitochondrial urea cycle enzymes. AB - Carbamyl phosphate synthetase I and ornithine transcarbamylase are matrix enzymes synthesized outside the mitochondria in the form of larger precursors and are transported rapidly into mitochondria, in association with post-translational proteolytic processing to the mature enzymes. Treatment of isolated rat hepatocytes with 40 micrograms/ml of rhodamine 123 resulted both in a potent inhibition of the processing of the enzyme precursors and in accumulation of the precursors. In pulse-chase experiments, the labeled precursor disappeared much more slowly in the presence of the dye. Rhodamine 123 strongly inhibited the uptake and processing of the ornithine transcarbamylase precursor by isolated rat liver mitochondria. Other positively charged rhodamines such as rhodamines 6G and 6GX were also strongly inhibitory. On the other hand, rhodamine B which has no net charge was much less inhibitory. These results suggest that the positively charged rhodamines inhibit the binding of the positively charged enzyme precursors to a negatively charged protein(s) or to phospholipids of the mitochondrial outer membrane. Potassium and magnesium ions, and probably a cytosolic protein(s), were required for the maximal uptake and processing of the ornithine transcarbamylase precursor by the isolated mitochondria. The concentrations of potassium and magnesium ions required for the maximal transport and processing were about 120 mM and 0.8-1.6 mM, respectively. Dialyzed postribosomal supernatant of rabbit reticulocyte lysate (36-72 mg protein/ml), in combination with potassium and magnesium ions, stimulated the precursor transport and processing 3- to 4-fold. The stimulatory activity of the dialyzed lysate was inactivated by trypsin treatment or heat treatment. No significant amount of the enzyme precursor was associated with the mitochondria when incubation was performed in the absence of these compounds. All these results indicate that potassium and magnesium ions, and probably a cytosolic protein(s), are required for the binding of the ornithine transcarbamylase precursor to the mitochondria or its transport into the organelle. PMID- 6545083 TI - Drug absorption after general anaesthesia for minor surgery. AB - Paracetamol absorption after oral administration was studied in eleven patients immediately after a short general anaesthetic for cystoscopy and also in eight healthy volunteers. There were no statistical differences between the rate of paracetamol absorption in the two groups. This suggests that oral medication may be given immediately following a short general anaesthetic when opioid drugs are avoided. PMID- 6545084 TI - Tracheal tube cuff pressure. Changes during nitrous oxide anaesthesia following inflation of cuffs with air and saline. AB - The volume and pressure of a tracheal tube cuff inflated with air increases during nitrous oxide anaesthesia. The study was designed to investigate the changes of tracheal tube cuff pressure during nitrous oxide anaesthesia following inflation of the cuff with air or saline in 10 mongrel dogs who were anaesthetised with nitrous oxide and their lungs artificially ventilated. At the end of 6 hours there was no change in cuff pressure when saline had been used for inflation, but was six times the initial pressure when air had been used. On microscopic examination of the trachea, only the air group had glandular inflammation, dilatation and destruction. Therefore, it appears that if saline is used to inflate tracheal tube cuffs, there will not be an increase in cuff volume and pressure during nitrous oxide anaesthesia. PMID- 6545085 TI - Posture and isobaric subarachnoid anaesthesia. The influence on spread of spinal anaesthesia with 'isobaric' 0.5% bupivacaine plain. AB - Twenty-five patients had subarachnoid anaesthesia induced with 3.0 ml 0.5% bupivacaine plain. A study of the spread of analgesia demonstrated a small (2-3 segments) but significant (p less than 0.001) rise in analgesic levels when the patients were turned from a lateral to the supine position, and from the supine to prone positions. PMID- 6545086 TI - Plasma glucose levels in the peri-operative period in children. AB - Peri-operative plasma glucose levels were studied in one hundred children under 5 years of age and under 20 kg. All underwent procedures of less than 30 minutes. Of 32 cases under the third percentile for weight, ten developed low plasma glucose during the pre-operative and/or postoperative phase. This occurred despite receiving 5% dextrose by mouth 4 hours before induction. Even in children of normal weight there was a low incidence of peri-operative hypoglycaemia. Routine intravenous glucose-containing fluids are thus recommended during the peri-operative period. PMID- 6545087 TI - Caudal analgesia in children. Influence on ventilatory efficiency during halothane anaesthesia. AB - The influence of caudal analgesia on pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange was studied in 26 children during halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing. Two groups of children were studied with 13 patients in each group. One group received caudal analgesia. The other group had no caudal blocks. All children were subjected to lower abdominal and genital surgical procedures. Minute ventilation and respiratory rates were significantly lower in the caudal group than in the non-caudal group. Wastea minute ventilation and VD/VT ratios were increased in the non-caudal group. The end tidal carbon dioxide concentration was unchanged in both groups. The lower minute ventilation in the caudal group eliminated the same amount or even greater amounts of CO2 per minute indicating an improved gas distribution at slow respiratory rates. The improved ventilation efficiency and the excellent immediate postoperative pain relief achieved by caudal analgesia justifies its frequent use for these operative surgical procedures. PMID- 6545088 TI - Intravenous premedication with diazepam. A comparison between two vehicles. AB - Two preparations of diazepam, Valium Roche mixed Micelles and Diazemuls, were compared as intravenous premedicants in 119 patients undergoing minor gynaecological surgery. There were no differences between the formulations with regard to anxiolytic effects and systemic tolerance. There were no symptoms typical of thrombophlebitis in the Valium Roche Mixed-Micelles group and only one case in the Diazemuls group. Acute local tolerance was similar with both trial drugs and superior to conventional diazepam preparations. Based on the favourable results of the present study it can be concluded that such vehicles should be considered for any injectable preparation with a known tendency to produce venous irritation. PMID- 6545089 TI - Percutaneous lung biopsy. Management of tracheobronchial haemorrhage. AB - A case is reported in which percutaneous lung biopsy was followed by haemorrhage into the tracheobronchial tree. Hypoxia followed, precipitating a cardiac arrest. The haemorrhage was isolated by the insertion of a double-lumen tube. Complications arising from this method of biopsy are reviewed and the measures necessary to control the potentially fatal problems are discussed. PMID- 6545090 TI - A near disaster from piped gases. PMID- 6545091 TI - Tracheal rupture during anaesthesia. AB - Tracheal rupture as a direct complication of tracheal intubation is rare. We report a case where this occurred during oesophageal surgery. The literature describing eight previous cases is reviewed and recommendations are made to reduce the possibility of such an occurrence. PMID- 6545092 TI - Anaesthesia and mediastinal masses. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A case in which a mediastinal tumour caused complications including airway obstruction unrelieved by intubation during inhalational induction is described. Other case reports are reviewed and the anaesthetic management of patients with mediastinal tumours is discussed. PMID- 6545093 TI - Low flow active antipollution systems. An evaluation of two systems with automatic ventilators. AB - The performance of two low-flow antipollution systems has been assessed by making measurements of the nitrous oxide pollution levels with four automatic ventilators. The effectiveness of the antipollution system is dependent on the volume of gas discharged, the peak expiratory flow, the airway pressure and to a lesser extent the ventilator settings. Both systems coped adequately with the clinical conditions where inflation pressures were below 4 kPa for two ventilators. Only one system coped with these conditions for the third ventilator. The fourth ventilator, which discharged driving gas to the respired volume, was not adequately scavenged. PMID- 6545094 TI - Pupillometer for use during anaesthesia. AB - This paper presents the design for a pupillometer based on a fixed focal length microscope; it is suitable for use during anaesthesia. The pupillometer has been tested and found to give reliable results. A certain amount of practice is necessary to make measurements quickly. The pupillometer was designed to allow the study of pupil diameter in relation to 'depth of anaesthesia'. PMID- 6545095 TI - The validity of informed consent in a clinical study. AB - Patients, aged 36 to 78 years, who had participated in two studies that included the ventilatory effects of postoperative analgesia, returned a questionnaire canvassing their views of the procedure for obtaining consent and the conduct of the study. Fourteen of 18 patients from one study, and all 18 from the second, returned their questionnaires. Thirty of the 32 patients were satisfied with the pre-operative explanation. Eleven patients felt obliged to take part, not because of coercion, but from a sense of duty to others. The breathing tests caused discomfort to eight patients but only one of them found this more than expected from the pre-operative explanation. Only two patients, both in the second study, said that they would not volunteer again for a similar study. There was no suggestion that the age of the patient or the fact that they were undergoing major surgery had any influence on their attitudes or comprehension. It may be prudent to use this type of questionnaire to evaluate the response of patients to some research projects. PMID- 6545096 TI - Anaesthesia in Marfan's syndrome. AB - Thirteen patients with Marfan's syndrome who underwent surgery between 1968 and 1983 were studied to document the anaesthetic morbidity in this rare disorder. One of the 13 patients studied died intra-operatively, one died in the immediate postoperative period and one patient developed postoperative complications and further surgery was postponed indefinitely. This represents a high mortality/morbidity rate and the findings are recorded. The two deaths were unexpected and could not be explained. PMID- 6545097 TI - Ketamine and military anaesthesia. The effect of heavy papaveretum premedication and Althesin induction on the incidence of emergence phenomena. AB - An anaesthetic technique suitable for military field anaesthesia was sought which would attenuate the psychic side effects of ketamine. Heavy premedication with 30 mg of papaveretum and induction of anaesthesia with Althesin were evaluated. A combination of the two lowered the incidence of side effects, but they still occurred frequently enough to pose problems. Ketamine sequelae are considered incompatible with the battlefield environment. PMID- 6545098 TI - Anaesthetists' attitudes to hypnotherapy. PMID- 6545100 TI - A forgotten laryngoscope? PMID- 6545099 TI - The practice of long-term tracheal intubation in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6545101 TI - Trichloroethylene. PMID- 6545102 TI - Vitalograph emergency aspirator. PMID- 6545103 TI - Blood warming with the Avon A60 extension set. PMID- 6545104 TI - Maternal posture during induction of general anaesthesia. PMID- 6545106 TI - A modification of the combined spinal and epidural technique. PMID- 6545105 TI - A hazard with a vaporizer. PMID- 6545107 TI - A fire in the mouth. PMID- 6545108 TI - A hazardous humidifier misconnexion. PMID- 6545109 TI - Continuous epidural infusion with 0.08% bupivacaine. PMID- 6545110 TI - Unexplained pain during epidural analgesia. PMID- 6545111 TI - Pain during epidural analgesia. PMID- 6545112 TI - Volumetric infusion pumps--a potential hazard. PMID- 6545113 TI - Rapid cuff inflation. PMID- 6545115 TI - Contents of ampoules. PMID- 6545114 TI - Anaesthesia for battle injuries. PMID- 6545116 TI - Epidural test dose. PMID- 6545117 TI - Intravenous regional analgesia or axillary brachial plexus block? PMID- 6545118 TI - [Role of the total and prolonged diversion of portal blood on hepatic function in the rat]. AB - In this experience the effect on hepatic parenchyma and function has been analyzed 180 days after total portacaval shunt. The portacaval shunt induces 50% mortality rate at six months. In the survived animals a significant reduction of hepatic mass has been observed. The liver still presents significant elevation of necrosis and cholestasis enzymes. The residual hepatocellular function related to hepatic mass is comparable to sham operated rats, but it is quite insufficient to maintain endogenous clearances. PMID- 6545119 TI - [Intestinal adaptive response of the rat after bilio-pancreatic and food diversion from the duodenum]. AB - The object of the research was to evalute, in the rat, the effects brought about on the intestinal trophism by the selective and combined exclusion of the bile, the pancreatic secretion and the food exsert, certainly, a trophic activity on the intestinal mucous membrane where they pass trough, as it has been observed by other authors; but the modifications, observed on last segments of the ileum, do not explain a direct action of these factors to modulate the adaptative intestinal reaction. In the following essay we propose the hypothesis that the privation of biliary and pancreatic secretions and the food from the duodenum may stimulate a hormonal and duodenal reaction which is able to produced observed phenomena. PMID- 6545121 TI - [Carrot soup as the cause of methemoglobinemia in an infant. Case report]. AB - The AA. report a typical case of methemoglobinemia from carrot soup ingestion in an infant. In the discussion they point out: first, clinical findings for diagnosis of methemoglobinemia; second, criteria for an etiological diagnosis; third, they analyse the pathogenesis of methemoglobinemia resulting from carrot soup in infants. At last the AA. briefly indicate how to prevent and treat this complication. PMID- 6545120 TI - [Protocol in interventions in ambulatory surgery of patients under anticoagulant therapy]. AB - Protocol is established for out-patient surgery for subjects in therapy with oral anticoagulants. A brief description is given of the pharmacologic action of coumarins and hydantoins and all other drugs that strengthen or inhibit their effects are reviewed. Modalities are established for suspending anticoagulant therapy and guide-lines are indicated for dental and oral and ear, nose and throat surgery. Mention is mode of possible complications and eventual treatment. PMID- 6545122 TI - [Validity of manipulation medicine in minor intervertebral pathology of the cervical spine]. AB - After having briefly explained what is meant by intervertebral manipulation, some clinical cases are considered and reviewed. Attention is called to the medical manipulation validity if performed by a skilled therapist and for particular diagnostic and symptomatic assumptions. PMID- 6545123 TI - [Clinical usefulness of TI-201 myocardial scintigraphy and diastolic phase index by gated cardiac blood pool imaging in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6545124 TI - Opiate abstinence head-shaking model in infant rats. PMID- 6545125 TI - [Effects of neonatal malnutrition on the development of the thalamic reticular nucleus: a Golgi study in the rat]. PMID- 6545126 TI - The molecular interaction between F-actin and lecithin in a phospholipid monolayer system. PMID- 6545127 TI - [Design and construction of a system for use in microiontophoresis studies]. PMID- 6545128 TI - [Determination of copper and zinc by atomic absorption spectroscopy]. PMID- 6545129 TI - [27th National Congress of Physiological Sciences. Morelia, Michoacan, 15-19 July 1984. Abstracts]. PMID- 6545130 TI - Multinucleated giant cells in myeloma kidney: an ultrastructural study. AB - The origin of multinucleated giant cells in myeloma kidney is not yet defined. These cells have long been thought to represent tubular epithelial cells transformed in syncytia, but, more recently, they have been considered as histiocytic cells arising from the interstitial tissue. We have studied by electron microscopy the distal tubules of kidney biopsies of 5 patients affected with myeloma kidney: our ultrastructural findings do not seem to clarify the problem. In fact, in the same patient, we have observed multinucleated giant cells probably originating from epithelial tubular cells and others, probably originating from histiocytes. PMID- 6545131 TI - Detection of monocytes and evaluation of their role in human glomerular pathology: the contribution of electron microscopy. AB - The potentialities of electron microscopy in detecting monocytes in human glomeruli are discussed and its reliability is compared with that of other techniques (such as enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry) having the same purposes. The major advantages of electron microscopy are: the same material can be used for both monocyte detection and conventional diagnostic purposes; its high resolution power allows for information on the site of monocyte infiltration and clarification of some functions of the latter (such as the phagocytic activity on immune complexes or their participation to the basement membrane damage). Nevertheless, the suggested technique also has some disadvantages, in particular it permits to investigate only a small number of glomeruli and it creates difficulties in the identification of nonstimulated monocytes. PMID- 6545132 TI - Electron microscopy for measurement of glomerular basement membrane width in children with benign familial hematuria. AB - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width was measured in 13 children with benign familial hematuria (BFH) and in 13 controls (6 children and 7 adults), using a standardized procedure and examining 3 glomeruli in each case. GBM widths were evaluated by comparing arithmetic means and considering the frequency of segments with a thickness less than 150 and 200 nm. With the former method, only 6 children with BFH fell below the normal values, while with the latter, 9 out of 13 were below the normal range. When BFH is suspected, it appears that GBM width is best evaluated by considering only the thinner segments, because the arithmetic mean can be influenced by the presence of thick segments and therefore has less diagnostic value. PMID- 6545133 TI - Quantitative studies of glomerular ultrastructure in human and experimental diabetes. AB - A brief review is given of glomerular structural changes in diabetes mellitus and in rats with induced diabetes. The stereological methods for obtaining quantitative structural data are mentioned, and references are given to the underlying theories as well as to more detailed descriptions of the practical performance. In short-term diabetes a glomerular hypertrophy is found with increase in the surface area of the capillaries, in parallel with an increase in glomerular filtration. In long-term diabetes mellitus the picture is dominated by accumulations of basement membrane: thickening of the peripheral basement membrane and expansion of the mesangial regions which hold large amounts of basement membrane material. Rats with a moderate diabetes show the early hypertrophy as well as long-term basement membrane thickening. Severely diabetic rats develop basement membrane thickening but do not show the early hypertrophy, which is therefore not a necessary condition for basement membrane thickening to occur. PMID- 6545134 TI - Glomerular permeability in acute hypertension. AB - Acute hypertension induced by intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (AII) leads to enhanced transglomerular passage of albumin and IgG, as demonstrated by electronmicroscopic immunoperoxidase techniques. Although no morphological damage of the capillary wall was detected, significant amounts of macromolecules were present in the mesangial region. On a functional basis, a 42% decrease in glomerular filtration rate and a 63% decline in p-aminohippurate clearance were seen, resulting in a 54% increase in the filtration fraction. Quantitative measurements of albumin and IgG2a clearances showed a 90- and 15-fold increase, respectively. Similarly, the concentration of native ferritin particles in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) increased 11-fold. On the other hand, the number of cationized ferritin particles and the staining properties of GBM to colloidal iron were not altered. These observations indicate that acute AII induced hypertension affects glomerular permeability to proteins of different size and shape, possibly by increasing the pore size of the glomerular filter by either high intracapillary pressure and/or a direct action of AII on GBM constituents. PMID- 6545135 TI - Macromolecular organization and functional architecture of basement membranes. AB - Basement membranes (BMs) are extracellular laminar matrices produced by endothelial and epithelial cells. They are composed by three major intrinsic macromolecules: type IV collagen, laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSP), and by two major extrinsic ones: fibronectin and type V collagen. The intrinsic components are assembled in a three-dimensional network (type IV collagen) to which cells stick (by laminin) and through which (HSP) they interact with the stromal compartment. The BM is a barrier to be crossed by any cell that leaves the stroma to enter into the circulation or vice versa. Metastatic tumor cells secrete a protease which specifically degrades the BM collagen and some evidence suggests that the same enzyme is used also by normal monocytes. PMID- 6545136 TI - [Cutaneous urostomies: indications, technics, treatments]. AB - The authors study the outer urinary derivations; place the indications to perform urostomies on the basis of the possible pathological situations; describe the technical modalities for every outer derivative operation concerning kidneys, ureters, vesica and urethra, respectively. They, at last, consider the eventual complications of such operations, and report about the therapeutical and prophylactic measures to be taken, with particular attention to the urine collecting devices. PMID- 6545137 TI - [Benign epithelial neoplasms of Vater's ampulla. Usefulness of the "epithelial dysplasia" concept in prognosis and surgical strategy]. AB - The surgical behaviour in front of the benign epithelial tumors (adenomas) of Vater's ampulla is object of discrepancies due to the possible malignant evolution of such neoplasms. The authors stress the basic importance of a careful examination of histological bioptic material before and/or during operation, which, through the identification of the degree of epithelial dysplasia, may lead to the choice of the tecnique to be adopted. In 2 of the 3 cases reported by the authors, showing a low degree dysplasia of the papillary tumor, a submucous papillectomy was performed; in the third case, where histology showed severe dysplasia and some other elements of risk were present (patient's age and macroscopic features of the tumors), the surgeons performed a duodenopancreatectomy. Semiseriated histological sections of the surgical specimen revealed the presence of carcinomatous areas. The authors think simple papillectomy to be the surgical procedure to follow when low grade dysplasia of ampulla is documented, and duodenopancreatectomy to be performed in high risk conditions as high grade dysplasia and macroscopic features suggestive of malignancy. In addition, the authors deal with epidemiology, clinics and instrumental diagnostics of such benign neoplasms of ampulla, on the basis of their own experience and the review of the few cases reported in literature. PMID- 6545138 TI - [Treatment of esophagotracheal and esophagobronchial fistulas secondary to carcinoma of the esophagus]. AB - An experience with 16 patients with respiratory tract fistula (RTF) related to carcinoma of the esophagus is presented. The malignant fistula was present at the time of initial presentation and/or before any therapeutic intervention in 11 patients, and developed either during or following a course of radiation therapy in 5 patients. Bronchoscopy examination in 8 patients prior to RTF development showed tracheobronchial invasion or impingement in all. The patients were divided in five groups according to the treatment received. One patient received no specific therapy although was fed via nasogastric tube. Three patients had a feeding gastrostomy. Four patients underwent insertion of a Celestin tube. Three patients were submitted to esophageal exclusion with combinations of cervical esophagostomy, feeding gastrostomy and ligation or complete division of the gastroesophageal junction; drainage of the excluded esophagus was provided by a red rubber catheter. Five patients received by-pass operation: four had Kirschner Ong operation with gastric by-pass placed substernally and distal esophagus anastomosed to a Roux-en-Y jejunal loop; in one patient an isoperistaltic gastric tube brought to the neck substernally was used for esophageal by-pass. These patients had, by far, the best palliative results with complete relief of their respiratory tract symptoms and restoration of the ability to eat and drink. Substernal gastric by-pass of the RTF is therefore advocated if the general conditions of the patient are improved with the institution of parenteral hyperalimentation and antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6545139 TI - [Rare complication of calculosis of the gallbladder: Bouveret's syndrome]. AB - The authors report a case, they had the opportunity to observe, of pyloric stenosis, secondary to the migration of two big gall-stones into stomach through a cholecysto-gastric fistula. As the event is extremely rare, they discuss some clinical, diagnostical and therapeutical aspects of same. PMID- 6545140 TI - [Current role of surgery in the treatment of pulmonary metastasis]. AB - During the period between november 1964 and december 1982, 48 patients were operated upon for metastatic lesions of lung from previous or actual carcinomas and sarcomas elsewhere in the body. The most frequent sites of origin of the primary malignancy were colon, testis and breast. The usual approach was through a thoracotomy; bilateral lung metastases were removed with one-stage procedure through a median sternotomy in two patients. The operative mortality was 2%. Overall five-year survival was 26%, which was not influenced by tumor histology, disease-free interval, or extent of pulmonary excision. In view of these findings, conservative pulmonary resection of metastatic lesions is advocated, regardless of the tumor histology or the disease-free interval, when the following criteria are adhered to: primary site controlled or controllable; no extrapulmonary metastases demonstrable; good operative risk; no other effective means of treatment available. PMID- 6545141 TI - [Long-term results of the surgical treatment of ileo-colonic Crohn disease]. AB - 18 patients with Crohn's disease primarily treated with excisional surgery were studied. The crude recurrence and reoperation rate were analyzed. The influence of sex, age and length of history prior to operation was in this respect also studied. PMID- 6545142 TI - [Papillomas and papillomatosis of the breast: clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic implications]. AB - The authors describe the different clinical and histologic features of solitary papilloma, multiple papillary lesions and diffused papillomatosis, and point out the different surgical approach in the three forms described. PMID- 6545143 TI - [A case of intestinal occlusion caused by a Meckel' diverticulum (etiopathogenetic, diagnostic and clinical considerations)]. AB - The authors show a case of acute intestinal stoppage due to Meckel's diverticulum. After some notices about embryogenesis, pathological anatomy and symptomatology of Meckel's diverticula, they point out the difficulty to reach the diagnosis of such disease, which almost always is only done subsequent to the appearance of complications, such as: intestinal stoppage, inflammation, ulceration, perforation, neoplasms, bleeding. In fact, the diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum is exceptionally preoperative and difficult on the basis of the symptomatology only, for which the disease can be responsible, whereas it can be more easily placed thanks to the contribution of instrumental methods, such as: barium meal, opaque enema, scintigraphy with 99mNa pertechnetate, selective arteriography of upper mesenterial artery. The diagnosis is more frequently interoperative, in course of explorative laparotomy or performed for other indications. Then the Authors state their orientation about the treatment, which is surgical in all the complex cases of Meckel's diverticulum, with a mention of the different operative techniques, and, as a conclusion, confirm the necessity for the systematic research of the asymptomatic diverticulum, the removal of which represents the only prophylactic measure against a permanent possibility and dreadful complicative evolution of same. PMID- 6545144 TI - [New therapeutic prospectives in reflex algodystrophy of the legs. Local intradermal calcitonin]. AB - The authors face the therapeutical problem of post-traumatic algodystrophy of lower limbs, and suggest an unusual use of calcitonin by intradermic pay "in loco". They also discuss the role of thermography and scintigraphy, as methods allowing to observe, beyond the limits of clinical semeiotics, tht evolutive behaviour of the aforesaid pathology. PMID- 6545145 TI - [Importance of combined surgical and heparin treatment of peripheral embolism]. AB - The authors dwell upon the physiopathologic and diagnostical aspects of the peripheral embolism, and emphasize the effectiveness of the surgical treatment if associated to the anticoagulative one: the valid results obtained should be ascribed to a prompt diagnosis, a stronger surgical aggressiveness and a constant combination of heparinic and surgical therapy. PMID- 6545146 TI - [2 cases of annular pancreas]. AB - The AA. happening to observe two cases of annular pancreas, took the opportunity to study its etiopathogenetic, anatomo-clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic features. In particular, even considering the validity of the recently proposed duodeno-plastic modelling approach, they affirm a more valid technic, the latero lateral duodeno-duodeno anastomosis surmounting the annular pancreas when one is not dealing with pre-stenotic duodenal dilations of elevated degree. PMID- 6545147 TI - [Clinico-statistical features of breast pathology in old age]. AB - The authors, after discussing the incidence and etiopathogenesis of displastic and neoplastic diseases of breast in geriatric age, state their experience in the treatment of such illnesses. They emphasize the necessity for a treatment suitable for aged people, based on the selection of the patients, their preparation and the constant pre- and postoperative monitoring, and, as a conclusion, affirm the necessity for a strict interdisciplinary cooperation, pith the purpose to ecectively treat such pathology, showing a more and more increasing incidence in the population of the most advanced nations. PMID- 6545148 TI - [Use of the indirect hemoagglutination test in the diagnosis of the hydatid disease]. AB - The authors state their experienle about the use of the maemagglutination reahtion test for the diagnosis of human hydatid disease, and point out this is a sensitive and highly specific technique, and, moreover, its execution is rapid and easy. PMID- 6545149 TI - [Clinico-statistical features on the operative risk in old age]. AB - The authors, after reporting the data concerning the increase of the average length of life and the increment of the population in geriatric age, studied the different aspects of the surgical risk. They consider the age, the existence or absence of associated diseases, the situation of the different organs or apparatuses, and the possibility to correct, in preoperative stage, the different functional unbalances remarked. At last, after confirming the conception whereby age for itself does not represent a specific factor of risk, they emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary cooperation in the assistance to old patients, both during intervention and in the postoperative course. PMID- 6545150 TI - [Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow (presentation of 2 rare cases)]. AB - The authors show two cases of dissecting osteochondritis of elbow, confirming the frequent absence of a clinical symptomatology in the initial stages of such disease and the benignancy of its course. From a careful study of the casuistries present in literature, what emerges is the rareness of this location, together with a prudent therapeutical trend with periodic clinical and radiographical checkings, reserving the surgical solution to the cases of articular free body with episodes of block. PMID- 6545151 TI - [A case of chondromatous hamartoma of the lung in 2 places]. AB - A case of chondromatous hamartoma of the lung, with a double localization (right upper and middle lobes observed in a 62-year old man and treated by bilobectomy is presented. A short review of the pertinent literature is also reported. PMID- 6545152 TI - [Epidemiologic-statistical data on chest injuries: review of 181 cases]. AB - The Authors report their casuistry about thoracic traumata (181 cases), they had the opportunity to observe from 1972 up to 1983. They illustrate the most interesting epidemiologic data, such as sex and average age of patients, causes of trauma, hurted anatomic formations of thorax, association with traumata in a different place. At last, as a conclusion, they remark the exitus occurred in 5.5% of thoracic traumata. PMID- 6545153 TI - [Pseudoaneurysm of the peroneal artery caused by a non-penetrating injury]. AB - The rareness of false arterial aneurysm, a consequence of a non-penetrating injury of a limb, induced the Authors, on the basis of the most recent literature, to review its physiopathologic, clinical and therapeutical aspects, with the purpose to hasten its diagnosis and prevent its complications through the adoption of the most suitable surgical treatment. PMID- 6545154 TI - [Apropos of a case of Palma's syndrome]. AB - The Authors refer about a case of rare obstructive arteriopathy of the Hunterian superficial femoral artery, disease better known as Palma's Syndrome. PMID- 6545155 TI - [Non-atherosclerotic and non-inflammatory juvenile popliteal obstructive arteriopathy (personal observations on a case)]. AB - On the ground of a personal observation of juvenile popliteal obstructive arteriopathy, the Authors have considered, after a brief revision of the literature, the physiopathology and the pathologic anatomy about this pathology which, even if uncommon, must by anyhow taken into consideration among the possible causes of "claudicatio intermittens" in young patients. A right diagnosis can be made only during the surgical intervention, the indications of which are represented either by a clinic objectiveness consistent with a peripheral obstruction with description of chronic or openly acute arterial failure, or by an angiographic checking which shows a stop along the femoropopliteal axis. The prognosis is generally good, as the literature confirms, and particularly in the case observed by the Authors it was quite satisfactory after a follow up of four years. PMID- 6545156 TI - [Behavior of creatine kinase-isoenzyme BB in the nodular pathology of the thyroid (preliminary note)]. AB - The literature indicates the presence of the BB isoenzyme of creatinakinase in the thyroid tissue. The CKBB, therefore, was dosed with radioimmunologic method in a group of 79 patients bearing nodular pathology of thyroid (12 carcinomata, 42 nodular strumata, 25 adenomata), to check whether such parameter could be used as marker in the thyroid neoplasms. The CKBB, however, did not show a statistically different behaviour in the three classes of pathology considered. PMID- 6545157 TI - [Primary seminoma of the mediastinum: diagnostic and therapeutic approach]. AB - The Authors show three cases of mediastinal seminoma, and discuss the epidemiologic, etiopathogenetic and clinical aspects of such neoplasms; they dwell upon the criteria allowing to define as primitive an extragonadal germinal tumour, and emphasize the importance of the multidisciplinary therapeutical approach in controlling these neoplasms, characterized anyhow in the pure forms by a remarkable sensitiveness to radium; promising looks the use of the tumoral markers (beta-HCG and AFP) for a diagnostical specification, for the choice of the treatment and for the evaluation of its effects. PMID- 6545158 TI - [Changes in the concentration of urinary homovanillic acid as a prognostic factor in patients treated for malignant melanoma]. AB - In 34 patients with malignant melanoma in three different stages HVA concentrations were determined. Some patients in stage 1 presented a considerable discrepancy between concentration values and values reported in other works. This group had been controlled for three years to observe the development of disease. We found three subgroups: the first with values within 4,3-6.0 mg/24 hr haven't had any recurrence; the second with values within 6.8-11.75 mg/24 hr presented lymphonodal metastasis in the lapse of six months - 1 year; in the third with values within 10-20 mg/24 hr patients died in two years for disseminated metastasis. The Authors according to the results achieved, conclude that variation of HVA concentration will be further prognostic factor. PMID- 6545159 TI - [Surgical therapy of gastro-esophageal reflux (clinical contribution)]. AB - The Authors, on the basis of 119 cases of gastroesophageal reflux, submitted to intervention at the Surgical Department of Verona from 1970 up to 1983, seize this opportunity for some remarks about the problem: in fact, its physiopathology is still discussed, and numerous were the surgical techniques suggested for its treatment. 56 patients, treated according to Nissen-Rossetti's technique, and 16, in whom the antireflux plastic operation was complemented by a selected proximal vagotomy with pyloroplastics, were remote-checked. The good results got till now mean the SPV + P can be usefully associated to the antireflux plastics for hiatal hernia. PMID- 6545160 TI - [Appendectomy and Crohn disease]. AB - The Authors, on the basis of the casuistry of the Verona Surgical Centre, concerning the interventions for Crohn's disease from 1973 up to 1983, and comparing the data of literature, study the problem of appendicectomy in Crohn's disease. They suggest the operation of appendicectomy both when there are signs of appendicopathy in course, joined to a pathology of the last ileum ansa, and in presence of apparently sound appendix and clear signs of ileum Crohn's disease. They think it opportune to avoid appendicectomy only in presence of clear signs of involvement of caecum by the morbid process. PMID- 6545161 TI - [Intraoperative cyto-histologic analysis in exocrine carcinoma of the pancreas; relation to choice of therapy]. AB - The Authors analyze the various cyto-histology techniques of investigation during surgical operation in the exocrine cancer of the pancreas, both on the results reported in literature and on their experiences based on a sample of 44 patients. They Authors, at the conclusion, single out the preferential technique in the citology by fine needle biopsy, for its reliability, practicality and lack of any complication. PMID- 6545163 TI - [Lacrimo-meningeal relations: anatomical study and practical aspects]. PMID- 6545162 TI - [Preliminary ultrastructural study on the external blood-retina barrier]. PMID- 6545164 TI - [Cogan-Reese syndrome: therapeutic difficulties (apropos of 2 cases)]. PMID- 6545165 TI - [External ophthalmomyiasis caused by Oestrus ovis. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6545166 TI - [Ocular candidiasis in heroin addicts. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6545167 TI - [3 new cases of ocular candidiasis]. PMID- 6545168 TI - [Congenital cyst of the vitreous body]. PMID- 6545169 TI - [Our impressions of a brief experience with acupuncture anesthesia in ophthalmologic surgery]. PMID- 6545170 TI - [Treatment of retinal detachment secondary to a macular hole using Lincoff's inflatable balloon]. PMID- 6545171 TI - [Treatment of degenerative retinoschisis by photocoagulation and cryocoagulation]. PMID- 6545172 TI - [Alcoholic-nicotinic optic neuropathy: toxicity or inflammation?]. PMID- 6545173 TI - [Implants and ocular tonus]. PMID- 6545174 TI - [A simple procedure for treatment of astigmatism after cataract surgery]. PMID- 6545175 TI - [Gas tamponade after vitrectomy in retinal detachment. Siphonage of the intraocular fluid. Postoperative reinjection of gas]. PMID- 6545176 TI - [Exudative annular cyclitis simulating malignant melanoma--apropos of a familial case report]. PMID- 6545177 TI - [Melanocytoma of the papilla: apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6545178 TI - [A further case of painful ophthalmoplegia or Tolosa-Hunt syndrome]. PMID- 6545179 TI - [Unilateral exophthalmos in a young subject: a rare tumorous cause]. PMID- 6545180 TI - [Significance of ERG and VEP evoked by red flash in the preoperative prognosis in senile cataracts]. PMID- 6545181 TI - Diseases of travelers. PMID- 6545182 TI - [Intraoperative embolization in the treatment of traumatic lesions of the spleen. Experimental study]. PMID- 6545183 TI - Human chorionic gonadotrophin--current status. PMID- 6545184 TI - Acromegaly at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 6545185 TI - Blood pressure distribution in a selected Tanzanian population. PMID- 6545186 TI - Oesophageal food impaction in Kenya. PMID- 6545187 TI - Trends in perinatal mortality rates at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. PMID- 6545188 TI - A two-year study of organised family planning services in a developing country: experiences in Bendel State of Nigeria. PMID- 6545189 TI - Objective procedural clinical examination (OPCE) for assessing competence of medical and dental students in practical skills. PMID- 6545190 TI - Platelet count values in healthy Nigeria medical students in Jos. PMID- 6545191 TI - Some clinical aspects of a hemiplegic migraine patient. PMID- 6545192 TI - Uvulectomy and uvular sound. PMID- 6545193 TI - Practical therapeutics: approach to the therapy of diarrhoeal diseases. PMID- 6545194 TI - The occurrence and distribution of fluoride in groundwaters of Kenya. PMID- 6545195 TI - Perspective on options for the implementation of a pilot hydatidosis control programme in the Turkana District of Kenya. PMID- 6545196 TI - Gingivitis, dental fluorosis, and dental caries in primary school children of Nairobi, Kenya. PMID- 6545197 TI - A new cardiotonic agent from Ajuga remota Benth (Labiatae). PMID- 6545199 TI - External quality control in blood coagulation at the Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 6545198 TI - Comparison of three culture media for isolating Leishmania donovani from splenic aspirates in Kenyan visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6545200 TI - Conservative management of supracondylar fractures of the humerus in Eastern Provincial General Hospital, Machakos. PMID- 6545201 TI - Review of bilateral uretero-sigmoidostomy as a preferred way of urinary diversion. PMID- 6545202 TI - Antithrombin III deficiency in Nigerian sicklers--possible predisposition to thrombotic crises. PMID- 6545203 TI - Renovascular hypertension at Kenyatta National Hospital. PMID- 6545204 TI - Guide to specifications for general notices, general methods, identification tests, test solutions, and other reference materials. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PMID- 6545205 TI - [Reference values of chromium urine in the population residing in Lombardy]. AB - The accurate determination of Cr in normal human urine still presents a considerable challenge, connected to its very low content, supposedly about 1 ppb. The analytical data obtaining from many Authors varying between 0.3 microgram/day and 150 micrograms/day. The question now arises which data picture the true Cr content of normal human urine. To this purpose we have determined the content of total urinary chromium in 310 healthy individuals (170 male, 140 female) resident in Lombardy (Italy). A mean urinary Cr concentration of 0.59 +/- 0.26 ppb was obtained. The levels of urinary chromium tended to be higher in males than in females and to decrease with age. PMID- 6545206 TI - [Hodgkin's disease and occupation]. AB - In order to discuss the hypothesized existence of occupational risk factors in the etiology of Hodgkin's disease (HD), the available literature data are reviewed. The occupations most often considered to be at increased risk of the disease are woodworking, school teaching, hospital occupations and occupations entailing exposure to chemicals. The association between HD and employment in wood industry suggest that exposure to unknown occupational factors may play a role as etiologic agent in this disease. A number of chemical substances that are regularly used may be suspected as causative factors. There are many discrepancies among the results of the studies on the association between school teaching and HD. To date no certain conclusion may be drawn from the presented data. However it has been suggested that the reported excess risk for HD among teachers may be explicable by social class gradient for the disease. The existence of risk factors other than viral may explain the excess risk among physicians and nurses. Because of the characteristics of some highly reactive chemicals their etiologic role may not be underestimated. An association between HD and occupations entailing exposure to various chemicals (organic solvents, benzene, phenoxy acids, chlorophenols) was shown; however no definitive conclusion may be drawn. There are increasing findings that point out the importance of the association between some occupations and development of HD. In spite of the evidence of a link between exposure to various chemicals and HD, there is a clear need to evaluate dose-response relationship between specific type and amount of chemicals and the disease, in order to provide some of the answer we need about the etiology of HD. PMID- 6545207 TI - [European Economic Community directive on protection against the risk of exposure to inorganic lead during work. Notes and proposals]. PMID- 6545208 TI - [Individual dosimetry and biologic monitoring of workers exposed to low concentrations of aniline]. AB - Low aniline vapours concentration exposure has been studied through either active or passive individual dosimeter, in a group of workmen employed in the production of an antioxidant for the rubber industry. We collected 28 samples, confirming the clear correlation existing between the two methods which was already demonstrated in a previous work. We newly suggest the usefulness of the individual passive dosimeter instead of the traditional vacuum pump system. Meanwhile we have determined bound and free aniline and total aromatic amines, with and without an extractive method on column, on urinary samples collected before and after the workshift. The values so obtained have been compared with the results of the active individual dosimetry. We could demonstrated a statistical significative correlation only between urinary aniline determination and the level of exposure, so confirming the value of this parameter as biological indicator of occupational exposure. PMID- 6545209 TI - [Validity of a specific bronchial provocation test with proteolytic enzymes in occupational bronchial asthma caused by enzymatic detergents]. AB - Six asthmatic subjects exposed to enzymatic detergents derived from B. Licheniformis were examined by means of a specific Bronchial Provocative Test (sBPT) with solutions of the enzyme. All subjects, except for one, were positive to prick tests with solutions of the "crude" enzyme and with Alcalase, and showed high levels of specific IgE by RAST. The sBPT with solutions of the enzyme, administered by means of a Bird Mark 7 nebulyzer in IPPB with measurement of the delivered dose, showed a positive response in all 6 subjects. No positive result was obtained in 5 normal subjects and in 5 non exposed asthmatic patients, even at much higher doses of the delivered enzyme. The occupational-type sBPT showed only two positive results out of the 6 examined. A good relationship was observed between bronchial hyperresponsiveness and provocative dose of the enzyme. Therefore, the sBPT with solutions of the enzyme is proved to be highly sensitive and specific in confirming the diagnosis of occupational asthma due to proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6545210 TI - [Problems in sampling the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and air-dispersed particles]. AB - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are difficult to monitor and quantify. This study has been worked-out to evaluate various sampling methods for monitoring PAH in the work environment: the sampling devices were tested on the field in a carbon electrodes factory. During the field surveys we used the following sampling procedures that actually are the most adopted: Glass fiber filter, Silver membrane (Teflon, cellulosic esters), The over mentioned membrane filters followed by solid substrate (Amberlite XAD-2). For the analytical quantification we followed this procedure: PAH s extraction from membranes and resins by solvent in ultrasonic bath; quantification by GS-MS (single ion monitor, capillary column, on column injection). Results of field testing show that for completely retain PAHs during air sampling in work environment it is necessary to use a membrane filter followed by a back-up tube of Amberlite-XAD-2 resin: the use of this sampling device is particularly recommended during monitoring of work operations with temperature greater than or equal to 150 degrees C involving coke oven procedure, charcoal production, asphalt production, petroleum coking operations. PMID- 6545211 TI - [Hepatitis B in hospital workers: analysis of the relation between occupational risk and locale]. AB - In this paper it has been studied the prevalence of subject positives for the markers of infection of hepatitis B virus in operators of two hospitals. The authors have examined the reports between profession and endemic level of infection in the afferent population. PMID- 6545212 TI - [An episode of extraoccupational lead poisoning]. AB - An episode of non occupational lead intoxication observed in the four members of family is described. While three of them had only biochemical signs of abnormal lead absorption, the remaining subject presented the serious clinical features of plumbism. The source of intoxication was contaminated wine. The importance, for diagnostical and medico-preventive purposes, of a possible non occupational absorption of lead is stressed. PMID- 6545213 TI - [Chronic respiratory symptomatology and obstructive syndrome in workers of a chemical industry]. AB - The main purpose of the study was to asses the frequency and distribution of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma and airflow obstruction among workers employed in the chemical industry. Our special interest was focused on finding out the high risk groups in various plants and an attempt had been made to determine to what extent the occurrence of symptoms could have been attributed to the occupational exposure after excluding age and smoking habit as confounding variables. The epidemiological data concerned 4717 male workers of the chemical complex situated near Cracow, Poland. The epidemiological study covered interviews, spirometric testing and anthropometric measurements. Environmental assessment had been done done simultaneously in all occupational post over the whole chosen week in all shifts. The symptoms of chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma as well as airflow obstruction occurred most frequently in older persons and in those being smokers. The prevalence rates of bronchial asthma and airflow obstruction was higher than in the general population of inhabitants of Cracow and this substantial excess could be attributed to the specific occupational environment. The detailed analysis performed showed in a clear way that chronic bronchitis is not a risk factor in the development of airflow obstruction but taking into account the fact that bronchial asthma had negative impact on the natural history of airflow obstruction, industrial physicians should take up adequate prophylactic measures concerning persons with asthmatic symptoms or its history in the past. The most intriguing results of our study give an evidence that styrene and methyl methacrylate develop strong harmful effect on the lung tissue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6545214 TI - [Extraction of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate from PVC used in synthetic leather]. AB - The extraction of the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) from PVC plastics was evaluated with a solvent mixture similar to that found in shoemaker's glues, sunflower oil, and in an aqueous emulsion resembling crude human sweat as far as the solubility of many organic compounds, including plasticizers is concerned. The aim was to evaluated the availability of plasticizers to be absorbed at skin level in PVC plastics, used as synthetic leather. The results indicated that the extraction of DOP is of practical importance only in the presence of a solvent mixture. Therefore the direct skin contact with PCV plastics containing DOP is much less significant as regards plasticizer absorption. PMID- 6545215 TI - [Determination of aluminum in the blood: extra-analytical factors]. AB - Values of Al in serum or plasma of normal subjects reported in the literature vary greatly. The wide range reflects the analytical difficulties and large contamination problems. In order to obtain accurate results we report a direct method for determination of Al-S(P) by using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. (ETA-ASS). Special attention was paid to the precautions to be taken in order to minimize external aluminum contamination. Procedures are described to reduce contamination during sample collection, storage and preparation during sample collection, storage and preparation of sample. Reference values for a healthy population were 7.4 + 2.7 (S.D.) micrograms of Al per liter. (n = 78). PMID- 6545216 TI - [Peripheral vascular manifestations and osteoarticular changes in mine drillers and lumber workers]. AB - In order to find, inside the same vibration syndrome, likely differences of the pathology due to the different technological features of the vibrating tools, 42 forestry workers have been compared with 168 mine workers. No significant differences have been noticed, as concerns both osteoarticular lesions and photopletismography study of peripheral blood circulation; in mine workers a prevalence of lesions of the nail-folds capillaries has been noticed, according to the authors dependent on the higher energy of the vibrations brought out boring-machines. PMID- 6545218 TI - Determination of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy (MCPA) in urine using combined TLC and HPLC methods. AB - Determination of MCPA, (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) acetic acid, in urine has been improved by a preliminary TLC cleanup followed by HPLC with fluorescence detection. This procedure is suitable for routine analysis and has been applied with good results to an epidemiological investigation. Time required for each determination may be somewhat longer, but the proposed cleanup technique increases the specificity. PMID- 6545217 TI - [Intestinal absorption of iron observed in 2 cases of porphyria cutanea tarda]. AB - Two cases of porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) are reported. Iron absorbtion has been studied by a radioisotopic method in these two patients. Our findings confirm the hypothesis of possible genetic association between PCT and hemochromatosis. PMID- 6545219 TI - Novel molecular features of millet genomes. PMID- 6545220 TI - Stabilisation of bacterial protoplasts by cardiotoxin II. PMID- 6545221 TI - Changes in lysosomal enzymes during rat liver regeneration. PMID- 6545222 TI - A fungal polygalacturonase activating factor from tomato fruit. PMID- 6545223 TI - Metabolic effects of 5-thio-D-glucose. PMID- 6545224 TI - Wide-line NMR studies on organic and biomolecules: Part X--PMR study of some amines and related compounds. PMID- 6545225 TI - Malonaldehyde induces DNA denaturation. PMID- 6545226 TI - Serum enzymes in carcinoma gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6545227 TI - In vivo skin test in carcinoma bladder. PMID- 6545228 TI - Malignant melanoma anorectum. PMID- 6545229 TI - Meningiomas--a histomorphological study. PMID- 6545230 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 6545231 TI - Multiple myeloma: a clinico-pathological and roentgenographic study of 44 cases. PMID- 6545232 TI - Cranial nerve palsies in metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6545233 TI - Neurological manifestations in lymphoma with special emphasis on neuromyopathy. PMID- 6545234 TI - Role of systemic chemotherapy in disseminated hepatic metastatic adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6545235 TI - Ewing's sarcoma--5 years experience with chemotherapy. PMID- 6545236 TI - An analysis of urinary porphyrins in patients of pityriasis versicolor. PMID- 6545238 TI - Lamellar ichthyosis neonatorum ('collodion skin' baby). PMID- 6545237 TI - Tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 6545240 TI - Dermatoglyphics in pemphigus. PMID- 6545239 TI - Blepharochalasis--a case report. PMID- 6545241 TI - Dermatoglyphics in discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6545242 TI - The inheritance of susceptibility to lichen planus. PMID- 6545243 TI - Comedo naevus (a case report). PMID- 6545244 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis due to the plant Calotropis procera (Vern: AK). A case report. PMID- 6545245 TI - An unusual presentation of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6545246 TI - A nodule on the back--cysticercus cellulosae cyst (a case report). PMID- 6545247 TI - Study of 1324 cases of dermatomycoses. PMID- 6545248 TI - Management of postoperative arrhythmias. PMID- 6545249 TI - Cardiac pacemaking in the management of postoperative arrhythmias. PMID- 6545250 TI - Profile of pulmonary infections in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6545251 TI - Comparison of intravenous aminophylline, salbutamol and terbutaline in acute asthma. PMID- 6545252 TI - Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia--a clinico-physiological study in rural central India. PMID- 6545253 TI - Tuberculosis of flat bones. PMID- 6545254 TI - An unusual leiomyoma of the oesophagus. PMID- 6545255 TI - Unmasking of an anomalous conduction pathway following isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 6545256 TI - Re-expansion pulmonary oedema. PMID- 6545258 TI - Curschmann's spirals--a cytological finding in chronic bronchitis. PMID- 6545257 TI - Anomalous systemic venous drainage--a series of three cases. PMID- 6545260 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity, annual rate of decline in FEV1 and chronic airflow obstruction: relationship with smoking. PMID- 6545259 TI - Domestic cooking, chronic bronchitis and impairment of lung function in rural females. PMID- 6545261 TI - Bronchial lability and its relationship to pulmonary function decline in young asymptomatic smokers and nonsmokers. PMID- 6545262 TI - Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 6545263 TI - Chronic airflow limitation in talc industry: role of age, smoking habits and dust exposure. PMID- 6545264 TI - Study of electrocardiographic abnormalities in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. PMID- 6545265 TI - Serum hCG in bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6545266 TI - Localized interlobar effusion in heart failure--phantom lung tumour. PMID- 6545267 TI - Non-surgical retrieval of an iatrogenic foreign body from the right heart. PMID- 6545268 TI - Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. PMID- 6545269 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis complicating situs inversus. PMID- 6545270 TI - Acute pulmonary oedema following an attempted suicidal hanging. PMID- 6545271 TI - A foreign body in the bronchus. PMID- 6545272 TI - Monitoring human exposure to carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. Proceedings of a joint symposium. Espoo, Finland, 12-15 December 1983. PMID- 6545273 TI - Covalent binding of genotoxic agents to proteins and nucleic acids. AB - To a large extent, initiators of current cancer incidence are unknown. This is due partly to lack of proper variables and low statistical power of epidemiological studies and to difficulties of risk estimation from experimental data. Considering these facts, as well as long latent times of genotoxic effects, monitoring systems aiming at risk prevention should: (1) respond soon after onset of exposure; (2) have sufficiently high power; (3) identify causative agents; and (4) permit risk quantitation. The determination of in-vivo adducts to DNA (the target in most genotoxic effects) and, especially, to blood proteins, fulfils these criteria, since the demonstration of protein adducts is a relevant measure of formation of the corresponding DNA adducts. PMID- 6545274 TI - Dosimetry and dose-response relationships. PMID- 6545275 TI - Kinetic considerations in monitoring exposure to chemicals. AB - The aim of biological exposure monitoring is to estimate the amount of the chemical absorbed in the body of each individual worker. As the concentration of any foreign chemical in body fluids is not constant, but shows an exposure related fluctuation, this estimation may be successful only when based on knowledge of the behaviour of the chemical in the body, i.e., its kinetics. Skin absorption is one of the reasons for performing biological monitoring of exposure. However, when the absorbed chemical is being monitored in the blood, skin absorption may be a source of considerable error since the concentration of the chemical in the blood specimen collected from the cubital vein does not represent the whole body but only the arm. It should be borne in mind that the errors caused by kinetic variations are similar, independent of the type of measurement performed; thus, they pertain equally to the measurements of chemicals by traditional chemical analytical means and to measurements of the character of the chemical, e.g., mutagenicity. PMID- 6545276 TI - Assessing exposure of individuals in the identification of disease determinants. PMID- 6545277 TI - Monitoring exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl via blood protein adducts. AB - The feasibility of monitoring exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) was determined by measuring the formation of covalent blood protein adducts in rats following administration of the amine. A single major adduct was obtained from serum albumin, which was formed from 4-acetylaminobiphenyl and the single tryptophan residue of albumin. The adduct was isolated as part of a tetrapeptide, following Pronase digestion and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography purification, and was identified by amino acid analysis, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. This adduct was cleared in vivo and showed a half-life of 4.7 days, essentially identical to that of albumin. Similarly, 4-ABP yielded a single major adduct with haemoglobin. This adduct showed a stability in vivo that was comparable to that of haemoglobin, and was shown to accumulate, with chronic dosing, to a level 30 times higher than that resulting from a single dose. Treatment of adducted haemoglobin, with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid in acetone, caused hydrolysis and release of 4-ABP. The formation of the haemoglobin adduct involves 4-nitrosobiphenyl as an intermediate product and, by implication, 4 hydroxyaminobiphenyl. Thus, the haemoglobin adduct is a measure of the fraction of 4-ABP that is N-hydroxylated directly, whereas the albumin adduct reflects that portion which is acetylated prior to N-hydroxylation. Approximately 0.02% of a dose of 4-ABP was bound to the tryptophan in albumin (dose of 2-80 mg/kg) and 5% was bound to haemoglobin as an acid-labile adduct (dose of 0.5-5000 micrograms/kg). PMID- 6545278 TI - Biomonitoring of chemicals and their metabolites. PMID- 6545279 TI - Excretion of thioethers in urine after exposure to electrophilic chemicals. AB - Electrophilic agents--a class of chemicals that includes most genotoxic compounds -can be inactivated by reaction with glutathione or other SH-bearing molecules. The conjugates so formed often appear in the urine as mercapturic acids or other thioether products. This paper critically reviews the suitability of the urinary thioether assay as a method for the detection of exposure to electrophilic agents or their precursors. In practice, the greatest value of the thioether assay appears to lie in its signal function. This is demonstrated for cigarette smokers and industrial workers involved in chemical waste incineration. Whenever increased thioether excretion is observed, it is likely to be due to exposure to one or more suspect compounds. However, when the thioether concentration ranges within the limits of the normal value, one must not conclude that there is no, or negligible, exposure. More specific applications of the assay of thio compounds in urine allow development of selective methods that may be useful for biological monitoring. PMID- 6545280 TI - Use of alkylated proteins in the monitoring of exposure to alkylating agents. AB - Measurement of reaction products of alkylating agents with proteins has been used as a monitor of in-vivo exposure to over 30 such compounds. Doses in animals exposed to directly-acting alkylating agents (e.g., methyl methanesulfonate, ethylene oxide) are directly related to the production of alkylated amino acids in haemoglobin. The erythrocyte dose of alkylating agent, calculated from the extent of haemoglobin alkylation, is in some cases related to liver and extra hepatic DNA doses; thus, detection of alkylation of haemoglobin may be taken as an indication of a reaction at the carcinogenic target site. PMID- 6545281 TI - Monitoring endogenous nitrosamine formation in man. AB - Results from animal experiments and studies in human subjects indicated that the amount of nitrosoproline (NPRO) excreted in the 24-h urine, following ingestion of precursors, is an index for the rate of endogenous nitrosation; this method was found to be sensitive, reproducible and could be satisfactorily applied to human subjects in clinical and field studies. N-Nitrosothiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NTCA) and its 2-methyl derivative (NMTCA) were also identified in the urine of human subjects. As the respective amino precursors (thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acids) can be formed by reaction of formaldehyde or acetaldehyde with cysteine, measurement of NTCA and NMTCA in urine may provide a further index for endogenous nitrosation in the human body and may also allow monitoring of exposure of human subjects to aldehydes, nitrate and nitrite. The yield of nitroso compounds formed endogenously in the human body was shown to be linked to the intake of precursors, but several inhibitors and catalysts, either as pure substances or occurring in complex mixtures, were shown to modify the nitrosation reaction in vivo. In particular, ingestion of ascorbic acid after nitrate-rich meals was efficient in lowering human exposure to endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds. A dose-response relationship was established for the formation of NPRO in rats in vivo, after concurrent administration of various concentrations of the precursors, L-proline and sodium nitrite. The logarithm of the amount of NPRO formed was found to be proportional to the logarithm of the product of the proline dose and the square of the nitrite dose. On the basis of these results, a kinetic model was formulated allowing the estimation of the daily precursor dose quantity, ([amine][nitrite]2), required to give 50% tumour incidence in rats after two years of feeding. The potential application of this model, for the estimation of carcinogenic risk from endogenously formed N-nitrosamines in humans, is discussed. Our results demonstrate unequivocally the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds in the human body, the significance of which in human carcinogenesis remains to be established. PMID- 6545282 TI - Comparison of various methodologies with respect to specificity and sensitivity in biomonitoring occupational exposure to mutagens and carcinogens. PMID- 6545283 TI - Basic concepts of monitoring human exposure. AB - Environmental and biological monitoring are two complementary approaches for evaluating human exposure to genotoxic agents. Environmental monitoring involves, usually, measurement of chemicals either by physico-chemical techniques or via biological activities (e.g., mutagenic activity of airborne pollutants). Biological monitoring relies on two groups of tests: those based on determination of the substances or their biotransformation products in various biological media and those based on detection and, possibly, quantification of those biological changes that result from the reaction of the organism to exposure. The application of tests for exposure and the interpretation of the results require a careful evaluation of several issues, mainly the sensitivity, specificity and health significance of the selected monitoring parameters, the precision and accuracy of the analytical technique and the ethical aspects. PMID- 6545284 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in monitoring exposure to mutagens-carcinogens. AB - Determination of chromosomal aberration rates in cultured lymphocytes is an established method of monitoring populations occupationally or environmentally exposed to known or suspected mutagenic-carcinogenic agents. Subjects and controls for chromosome studies should be properly selected. Methods of culturing lymphocytes should be standardized, to minimize technical factors which might affect the yield of aberrations. Types of aberrations, their significance, criteria for scoring, reporting and statistical analysis are discussed. From the available experience, the following points must be taken into consideration: Several factors may create confounding, due to nonspecificity of chromosomal aberrations. Persistence of aberrations for years and decades in long-lived lymphocytes makes them an indicator of past damage, but limits the value of the test in monitoring present low-level exposures in subjects with past exposure(s). No clear-cut dose-response relationships have so far been demonstrated, but there is evidence that the method might not be sensitive enough for monitoring very low level chronic exposures. Results should be evaluated mainly on a group basis. The method is time-consuming, and therefore expensive. Chromosomal damage indicates a biological effect on the genome, the implications of which for carcinogenesis and mutagenesis are still unknown. It is generally believed that increased rates of chromosomal aberration in a population may indicate an increased cancer risk for the group, but not for the single individual presenting excess damage. PMID- 6545285 TI - Monitoring of sister chromatid exchange and micronuclei as biological endpoints. AB - Cytologically visible damage in human chromosomes can be detected as structural chromosomal aberrations, numerical changes in genome, sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) or as micronucleated cells. The importance of in-vivo cytogenetic damage that is induced in human cells is that it indicates that similar alterations may have occurred in other tissues, either in somatic or in germinal cells. SCEs represent symmetrical exchanges between sister chromatids; generally, they do not result in alteration of the chromosome morphology or the genetic information. Although the detection method is highly sensitive as an in-vitro screening test, in monitoring studies, it seems to be restricted to cases where the exposing agents are strong alkylating compounds (e.g., ethylene oxide, cytostatic drugs) or to some multi-exposure conditions (e.g., cigarette smoking, laboratory work, rubber industries). Micronuclei arise from acentric chromosome fragments or lagging whole chromosomes. They have been detected in a variety of dividing human cells, including exfoliated epithelial cells, bone-marrow cells and lymphocytes. Positive responses of induction of cells with micronuclei have been obtained in studies with cells of the buccal mucosa (chewers of betel or tobacco) or cultured lymphocytes of some groups occupationally exposed to agents like styrene or ethylene oxide. PMID- 6545286 TI - Chromosomal changes in cancer in relation to exposure to carcinogenic agents. PMID- 6545287 TI - Detection of dominant enzyme mutants in mice: model studies for mutations in man. AB - After intraperitoneal injection with the mutagens procarbazine hydrochloride (PHCl) or N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), male (101/EL X C3H/EL)F1 mice were mated with untreated test-stock females. The offspring were screened for induced mutations that cause alterations of two different enzyme properties. Charge modifications were analysed by separation of liver enzymes by isoelectric focussing on polyacrylamide gels. Banding patterns of six enzyme systems were checked by using the agar contact replica technique and specific activity stainings. No mutant was found in 5278 offspring of the control group. After paternal treatment of spermatogonia, the mutant frequency was one mutant in 5630 offspring (600 mg PHCl per kg body weight), one mutant in 1892 offspring (160 mg/kg ENU), two mutants and two presumed mutants, which died before genetic confirmation, in 4136 offspring (250 mg/kg ENU). No mutant was detected with PHCl and the two ENU doses in the postspermatogonial treatment groups of 469, 1088, and 2020 offspring, respectively. Specific activities of 10 erythrocyte enzymes were measured in the blood with an automatic enzyme analyser. To date, in the spermatogonial treatment group, findings have been: no mutant in 3610 controls, seven mutants in 3509 offspring (80 mg/kg ENU), five mutants in 800 offspring (160 mg/kg ENU) and four mutants in 759 offspring (250 mg/kg ENU). Of these 16 independent mutants, 10 caused reduced enzyme activity and six increased it. PMID- 6545288 TI - Human exposure to potentially carcinogenic compounds. AB - Average exposures to suspected carcinogens were surveyed for the population in Finland. Alcohol, food and tobacco constitute the largest sources of exposure. Occupational populations may be more exposed than the population at large, by many orders of magnitude. For example, occupational exposure to airborne asbestos and trichloroethylene may be 10 000 times higher than exposure outside workplaces. Application of exposure data to health surveillance and epidemiological research is discussed. PMID- 6545289 TI - DNA repair in relation to biological monitoring of exposure to mutagens and carcinogens. PMID- 6545290 TI - Identifying agents that damage human spermatogenesis: abnormalities in sperm concentration and morphology. PMID- 6545291 TI - Body fluid proteins and peptides as tumour markers in clinical cancer research and in monitoring exposure to carcinogens. AB - A brief review is given of the various groups of peptides and proteins that have been applied as tumour markers in human studies. Special attention is given to markers used for detection of bronchogenic lung tumours. In addition, a review is made of the few published studies on the levels of certain tumour markers in working populations that have been exposed to carcinogens. There is a considerable lack of present knowledge on the applicability of tumour marker assays to monitoring of human exposure to carcinogens. When such studies are planned, it is valuable to combine these analyses with other types of indicators of carcinogen exposure and effects. PMID- 6545292 TI - Workers exposed to ethylene oxide have increased incidence of sister chromatid exchange. AB - We have determined the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in 41 workers engaged in the sterilization of medical equipment. Each exposed subject was paired with a control matched for age, smoking habits and sex. The frequencies of SCE were markedly higher in the exposed than the control workers. The exposed subjects were divided into two groups according to time-weighted average concentrations of ethylene oxide (EtO) in the air, that were determined at the work place of each worker during the 5 min following the sterilizer opening, during the entire sterilization cycle or during the 8-h working day. One group (19 subjects) was exposed to a range of 3.7-35.5 ppm (mean, 15.8 +/- 9.8 for a sterilization cycle) and showed a mean of 13.0 +/- 1.8 SCE compared to 10.2 +/- 1.2 in controls (variance, F = 31.2; p less than 0.001). The second group (22 subjects) was exposed to 0.3 - 2.6 ppm (mean, 1.1 +/- 1.0) and had a mean of 11.0 +/- 1.6 SCE compared to 9.8 +/- 1.4 in controls (F = 4.7; p less than 0.05). Statistical evaluation of the SCE frequencies correlates SCE induction with the level of EtO exposure and also with smoking and age. Our data show that EtO can induce human chromosomal damage at very low environmental exposure levels, lower than the present Italian official limits and lower than those found even in the most technologically advanced hospitals. PMID- 6545293 TI - Methods of monitoring human exposure to carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. PMID- 6545294 TI - Practical issues in the evaluation of monitoring techniques: need for validation, quality assurance and establishment of baseline levels. PMID- 6545295 TI - Health significance of monitored chemical and biological endpoints. PMID- 6545296 TI - Epidemiological research and occupational health practice: present and future roles of genotoxic monitoring. PMID- 6545297 TI - Biologically-active and chemically-reactive polycyclic hydrocarbon metabolites. AB - The mechanism by which polycyclic hydrocarbons produce tumours in mammalian tissues exposed to them involves biotransformation of the compounds to chemically reactive species that covalently modify cellular informational macromolecules. In all cases known, epoxides of some form are the reactive species involved. The most common pathway is the formation of vicinal diol-epoxides, the reactive centre of the molecule commonly being adjacent to the 'bay-region'. With some hydrocarbons, the involvement in DNA binding of non-'bay-region' diol-epoxides, of a phenol epoxide and of a 'bay-region' diol-epoxide containing a phenolic function (a triol-epoxide) has also been demonstrated. The relative importance to the carcinogenic process of the different pathways leading to DNA-binding products may be reflected by the biological activities of the intermediates involved. PMID- 6545298 TI - Metabolism of genotoxic agents: halogenated compounds. AB - Most halogenated compounds showing genotoxicity do not themselves react with macromolecules but are transformed to reactive metabolites. In order to explain the widely different genotoxicities of halogenated ethylenes, the 'optimum stability' theory of epoxides has been developed recently. An epoxide must be reactive to alkylate DNA, but stable enough to reach the target from the place of its formation. Also, pharmacokinetic aspects are important in accounting for differences in genotoxicities of closely related compounds; examples are provided. Reactive metabolites may bind to proteins, to lipids and coenzymes, and to DNA, but binding to targets other than DNA is far more common than DNA alkylation. An example is provided by investigations on 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl ether from which chloroacetaldehyde is formed. In contrast to vinyl chloride, which generates chloroethylene oxide (chlorooxirane) as well as chloroacetaldehyde, this compound leads to extensive covalent protein binding of metabolites, but not to DNA binding. PMID- 6545299 TI - Interindividual variation in carcinogen metabolism, DNA damage and DNA repair. AB - A number of laboratory approaches are currently available to measure interindividual variation in carcinogen metabolism, amounts of carcinogen-DNA adducts and DNA repair capacity. Wide interindividual variations have been found among strains of experimental inbred animals and among individuals in outbred populations, including humans. The quantitative relationships, if any, between these parameters and the human cancer risk will be determined by biochemical and molecular epidemiological studies, of high and low cancer risk populations and of cancer-prone families. PMID- 6545300 TI - All India Ophthalmological Conference. PMID- 6545301 TI - A profile of penetrating eye injuries. PMID- 6545302 TI - Perforating injuries in coal mining area. PMID- 6545303 TI - Ocular war injuries. PMID- 6545304 TI - Perforating injuries of cornea (immediate and delayed surgical approach). PMID- 6545305 TI - Ultrasonography in perforating ocular injuries. PMID- 6545306 TI - Perforating ocular injuries with retained intra-ocular foreign bodies. PMID- 6545307 TI - Management of lacerated injuries of the eye and its adnexa. PMID- 6545308 TI - Management of perforating injuries of the anterior segment. PMID- 6545309 TI - Management of anterior segment perforating ocular injuries involving lens and vitreous. PMID- 6545310 TI - Retinal detachment due to perforating injury. PMID- 6545311 TI - Non-surgical management of penetrating corneal injuries. PMID- 6545313 TI - "Photoadaptor for ocular photography" a new design. PMID- 6545312 TI - Mycotic keratitis in Indian patients (a histopathological study of corneal buttons). PMID- 6545314 TI - High altitude retinal haemorrhage. PMID- 6545316 TI - Genetic counselling in prevention of blindness. PMID- 6545317 TI - Xerophthalmia in rural and urban 'Anganwadi children'. PMID- 6545315 TI - Ocular response in systemic immune-deficiency states. PMID- 6545318 TI - A study of prevalence and risk factors of senile cataract in rural areas of western U.P. PMID- 6545320 TI - Welding processes and ocular hazards and new protective devices. PMID- 6545319 TI - Senile macular degeneration in northern India. PMID- 6545321 TI - Blue light hazard and sunglass phototransmission. PMID- 6545322 TI - Orbital venography--(clinical evaluation of orbital lesions). PMID- 6545323 TI - EMI scan in the management of orbital disease. PMID- 6545324 TI - Distension dacryocystography and its results in normal and epiphora cases. PMID- 6545325 TI - An evaluation of Gillies' procedure for lagophthalmos in leprosy. PMID- 6545326 TI - Surgical treatment of thyroid related upper eyelid retraction. PMID- 6545327 TI - Quantitative and qualitative estimation of tear in pterygium. PMID- 6545328 TI - Cryotherapy, immunotherapy and wiping in herpes keratitis. PMID- 6545329 TI - Keratoprosthesis. PMID- 6545330 TI - Corneal tattooing--experiences with "lamellar pocket procedure". PMID- 6545331 TI - Estimation of tear and serum manganese in disorders of anterior segment of eye. PMID- 6545332 TI - Oral fluorescein angiography. PMID- 6545333 TI - Value of fluorescein angiography in clinical ophthalmology. PMID- 6545334 TI - Role of glucose oxidase in combination with antibiotics on ocular pathogens. PMID- 6545335 TI - Clinical evaluation of the non-contact tonometer and comparison with Goldmann applanation tonometer. PMID- 6545336 TI - Amblyopia--its treatment with CAM stimulator. PMID- 6545337 TI - Prophylactic peripheral iridectomy with argon laser & Abraham contact lens. PMID- 6545338 TI - Trabeculectomy in congenital glaucoma. PMID- 6545339 TI - Aetiological patterns of ocular motor nerve palsies. PMID- 6545340 TI - Tear film breakup time (B.U.T.) in sub clinical dry eyes. PMID- 6545341 TI - Lens induces glaucoma--a clinical study. PMID- 6545342 TI - The nonauditory effects of noise: review and perspectives for research. AB - This review considered 118 references classified according to nonauditory physiological effects, performance and behavioral effects, sleep disturbance, and communication interference. For each separate category of effect a brief summary was presented of relevant current research, the consequences of noise exposure were sketched, and research needs were suggested in experimental design, in stimulus control and specification, in experimental techniques, and as to appropriate subpopulations to be taken into account. Much was shown to have been accomplished in the past decade, but to date only sparse quantitative data have been reported to express the effects of noise as a dose-response function on physiological processes or on behavior. In almost all studies only a very modest fraction of variance was explainable. It seems especially important to consider other factors along with the physical characteristics of the noise, particularly the interactions of the noise with other toxic agents and with situational and personality factors. PMID- 6545343 TI - Daily noise duration influences cardiovascular responses. AB - In this study, third in a series on non-auditory health effects of noise, we provide data on the previously developed proposition that exposure to intense noise is linked with altered blood pressure regulation through the establishment of a long-term dose----response relationship between the two variables. We also sought to determine the effect of interposed rest sessions on the course of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) during 97 days of exposure to tape-recorded industrial noise. The stimulus, delivered to 2 female adult macaque monkeys (M. fascicularis) fitted with indwelling cannulas, consisted of pile-driver impacts and other construction noises presented either in 4-hr (Leq24 = 86.6 db) or 8-hr (Leq24 = 89.6 db) daily sessions. When compared to their pre-exposure responses, mean arterial pressure (MAP) for the Ss rose 8.2% during 4-hr and 16.5% during 8 hr exposure sessions, i.e., close to a doubling effect for a doubling of total energy. When compared with control monkeys (N:10) used in earlier studies, however, MAP rose in the present Ss only 44% for the same doubling of energy. In general, HR and BP displayed quite different tendencies during the per-exposure rest sessions and the post-exposure period: HR tended to return to baseline levels upon noise termination whereas MAP, once elevated, tended to remain significantly elevated. Applicability of the "law" of Initial Values was demonstrated for noise-induced BP increases, in the sense that the percentage of change in BP produced by 8-hr exposure sessions in the 2 present Ss was 16.5%, or somewhat less than that previously observed in exposed monkeys with lower baseline levels (i.e., 30.5%), even though absolute levels of per-exposure MAP were similar (i.e., 99 vs 100 mmHg) for the two sets of exposed monkeys. PMID- 6545344 TI - Audibility curve of bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus). AB - Male Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) (N:5) were initially handled, then trained upon hearing a 1.5-kc/s tone of 3-sec duration to approach a feeder loudspeaker system and peck a response key for food reinforcement. Threshold testing in subsequent sessions using a method of limits established the species' audibility curve over 11 frequencies from .25-8 kc/s and at stimulus durations of 3 sec and for some at 200, 100, and 50 msec. A W-shaped audibility curve was obtained for the group with points of greatest sensitivity at 1 and 3.5 kc/s which were about 25 db more sensitive than the endpoints at .25 and 8 kc/s. These points of least and greatest sensitivity were not altered until the stimulus durations were shortened to 100 and 50 msec, respectively. To compare with regions of greatest sensitivity, sonographic representations of two major Bobwhite calls were drawn. There was a coincidence between the peak sensitivity at 1 kc/s and the major frequency in the adult "separation" call, and between the peak sensitivity at 3.5 kc/s and the chick "lost" call. Together, the audibility and sonographic data provided an interpretative base from which to suggest possible functional analysis of calls. PMID- 6545345 TI - Modeling HTL of industrial workers using multiple regression and path analytic techniques. AB - This study compared path analytic with multiple regression analyses of hearing threshold levels (HTLs) on 258 adult textile workers evenly divided into low- and high-noise exposure groups. Demographic variables common in HTL studies were examined, with the addition of iris color, as well as selected two-way interactions. Variables of interest were similarly distributed in both groups. The results indicated that (1) different statistical procedures can lead to different conclusions even with the same HTL data for the same Ss; (2) conflicting conclusions may be artifacts of the analytic methodologies employed for data analysis; (3) a well-formulated theory under which path analytic techniques are employed may clarify somewhat the way a variable affects HTL values through its correlational connections with other antecedent variables included in the theoretical model; (4) multicollinearity among independent variables on which HTL is regressed usually presents a problem in unraveling exactly how each variable influences noise-induced hearing loss; and (5) because of the contradictory nature of its direct and indirect effects on HTL, iris color provides little, if any, explanatory assistance for modeling HTL. PMID- 6545346 TI - The relation between human gait pattern and energy consumption rate. PMID- 6545347 TI - Variability of pedalling force--inversely related to force magnitude within the movement cycle but positively correlated to that magnitude as it increases with increased power output. PMID- 6545348 TI - Work pace and worker physiological cost. PMID- 6545349 TI - Foot movement during walking with footwear. PMID- 6545350 TI - Endurance time and fatigue in static contractions. PMID- 6545351 TI - Reaction time of elbow extension at different velocities in vertical plane. PMID- 6545352 TI - Reaction times during various rhythmic movements. PMID- 6545353 TI - Relation between sagittal distribution of the foot pressure in upright stance and relative EMG magnitude in some leg and foot muscles. PMID- 6545354 TI - Hospitalization, life change and ability to cope with asthma. AB - The relationship between hospitalization, recent life change, ability to cope with asthma and asthma severity was investigated in 51 hospitalized and nonhospitalized chronic asthmatics. Hospitalization correlated highly with severity of asthma, marginally with low ability to cope with asthma, and highly with life changes due to asthma. Hospitalization did not correlate with asthma independent life change scores. These results confirm that life stresses cluster prior to exacerbations of asthma, but in this population, the asthma itself appears to cause that clustering, especially in persons with limited ability to cope with the disease. PMID- 6545355 TI - Life events occurring in families of children with recurrent abdominal pain. AB - Thirty children with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) were compared to 67 behaviorally disordered (BD) children and 42 healthy children on number of life events experienced within the last 12 months and on amount of readjustment necessitated by these life events. The parents of these children were also compared on these variables as well as on a subjective rating of stress which they assigned to the life events. The results revealed that the children in the RAP and BD groups had significantly more life events and more stress associated with them than did the healthy children. However, the children in the RAP and BD groups differed in type of life events, with the RAP group more likely to have experienced life events related to illness, hospitalization, and death. There were no significant differences between the parents in the RAP group and the parents of the two comparison groups. Due to methodological limitations of the study, caution should be exercised in drawing conclusions from these findings until such time that future research provides confirmatory data. PMID- 6545356 TI - Mood changes in behavioral weight loss programs. AB - Ten studies investigating the relationship between mood change and weight loss in behavioral weight loss programs were reviewed. Significant positive changes in mood were observed in 6 of the 10 studies. There was no evidence to indicate that untoward reactions to dieting were frequent, that patients with juvenile-onset obesity experienced more negative mood changes than those with adult-onset obesity, or that dropping out of treatment was a response to increasing depression. The positive changes in mood were related to active participation in a treatment program, and occurred in behavioral and nonbehavioral treatment programs. Differences between the studies reviewed and the earlier research on mood and weight loss are discussed and suggestions made for subsequent studies of mood changes during weight reduction. PMID- 6545357 TI - Type A behavior and physiological responsivity in young women. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the coronary-prone behavior pattern and physiological responses to stress in young women. Thirty-seven women, aged 18-25 yr, were tested; half were studying in nontraditional fields for women, half in traditional. Based on the Jenkins Activity Survey, women in the male-dominated fields of study were more Type A. Subjects were monitored while resting and while solving mental arithmetic problems and visual puzzles; the dependent variables were heart rate, and blood pressure. Comparisons were made based on both the Jenkins Activity Survey and the structured interview, and using both median splits and extreme groups. There were no physiological differences between Types A and B women. Possible methodological issues accounting for the lack of results are considered. PMID- 6545358 TI - Aggression and allergic disorder in depressives. AB - This paper investigates the correlation between aggression and allergic disorder in various forms of depression. As a control factor to allergic disorder we used the factor infectious disease. The aggression was measured with 2 scales of the FAF (Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Aggressivitatsfaktoren--the Questionnaire for Measuring Factors of Aggression). The sample consists of 115 depressives, of whom 26 suffer from allergic disorders and 79 have a previous history of infectious diseases. We recorded significantly higher aggression scores for allergic subjects as opposed to non-allergic subjects (p less than 0.05) in nearly all the subgroups. We also discovered a similar though not so marked tendency for people with infectious diseases. Higher aggression scores are therefore not only specific for depressives with allergic disorders. Sex, psychiatric differential diagnosis and the form of the aggression are important for the degree of the aggression. PMID- 6545359 TI - Postnatal emotional balance in women with and without antenatal fear of childbirth. AB - Women in the later stages of pregnancy were identified as 'suffering' or 'not suffering' from fear of childbirth by means of a special questionnaire. The two samples were interviewed two months after delivery. Women with antenatal fear of childbirth were found to run an increased risk of sustaining severe emotional imbalance postnatally with possible implications on their relationship to the child. PMID- 6545360 TI - Psychosocial factors and smoking as risk factors in lung carcinoma. AB - In a retrospective study as part of a larger study 419 male patients with bronchial carcinoma were questioned by means of a 'biographical questionnaire' concerning their life history, their personality, and their approach to life. Furthermore questions with regard to their smoking habits (tobacco smoke condensate exposure) were asked. Only patients who smoked cigarettes regularly were involved in the interrogation and the results were compared with those of smoking healthy controls and patients with non-malignant lung diseases (N = 162). For each pair group-controls a discriminant analysis was carried out. By reclassification a correct assignment of approx. 62% in each case could then be obtained. In addition, the answer pattern of the carcinoma patients was compared with a group of patients with non-malignant lung diseases. The results obtained were similar to those of the comparison with the healthy control group. PMID- 6545361 TI - The role of personality, recent life stress and arthritic severity in predicting pain. AB - This study investigated the role of personality, life stress and osteoarthritic severity in accounting for pain in aged individuals. Previous empirical research on older adults with chronic pain is nonexistent. The study included 40 subjects with an average age of 70 yr. Results indicated that personality, specifically hypochrondriasis of the individual, was the most powerful predictor of pain as compared with arthritic severity and life stress. Subjective pain was lower among older patients than among younger patients despite greater arthritic severity. The amount of hypochondriasis and life stress was also less for older patients. Implications for interventions in terms of modifying perception of pain in older adults is discussed. PMID- 6545362 TI - Neurosis and conscious symptom exaggeration: its differentiation by the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire. AB - In an attempt to develop an instrument to differentiate conscious exaggerators of symptoms from normals and neurotics, the Illness Behaviour Questionnaire (IBQ) was administered to 164 members of a public utility, half of whom were instructed to fill it out as conscious exaggerators, and 82 individuals who presented at a hospital pain clinic with pain considered to be neurotically determined. Four IBQ subscales differentiated the three groups, and a new 21-item scale (CE-scale) was developed which achieved wide separation between the conscious exaggerators, neurotics and normals. It is suggested that the CE-scale may have considerable utility in assessing conscious exaggerators and compensation neurotics, and that further studies should assess its predictive value. PMID- 6545363 TI - Sexual adjustment of men who have had strokes. AB - Fifty men who had suffered moderate to severe strokes were interviewed approximately six months later and asked about their sexual adjustment. Interest in sex had returned in most cases, although the level of interest was reduced in some. Nearly all the men had regained their erectile capacity, usually after a delay of approximately seven weeks following the stroke. Of those sexually active with their partner before their strokes, over half had resumed sexual intercourse by the time of the interview. Most of these men had encountered difficulties because of the physical consequences of their strokes, but two-thirds had tried new sexual positions to compensate for this. Whether or not a couple resumed sexual activity after the man's stroke was largely predictable on the basis of the frequency of their previous sexual activity, rather than the man's age or the severity of physical disability. For patients who are sexually active before suffering strokes, subsequent rehabilitation should include brief counselling on sexual readjustment for both the patients and their partners. PMID- 6545364 TI - Psychosocial morbidity in the first three months following stoma surgery. AB - One hundred and six consecutive subjects were seen in hospital a few days after undergoing surgery for bowel disease that necessitated the formation of a stoma. They consisted of patients with cancer (74), colitis (17) and diverticular disease (15). At this initial assessment details of psychological and social functioning were obtained for the preceding three months before operation. At 3 months post-operatively the subjects were interviewed in their own homes, 87 subjects were available (12 died, 7 refused) and again psychological and social assessments were made. Seventeen per cent of males and 19% of females had moderate or severe psychiatric disturbance and there was also a significant number of patients with various social disturbances. Physical diagnosis did not significantly affect psychiatric outcome. There was, however, high pre-operative psychiatric disturbance and the relevance of this in assessing post-operative symptoms is discussed. PMID- 6545365 TI - Possibilities and limits of breeding for immune responsiveness. AB - Studies on defence mechanisms in mice and farm animals are demonstrated. The results indicate that selective breeding might become a more important tool in disease control. But intensive research work is required before a "General Disease Resistance Index" can be used in animal breeding. More common efforts of research workers in veterinary medicine and animal breeding are necessary. PMID- 6545366 TI - An experimental study on the use of a carbon fibre prosthesis for the repair of the cranial cruciate ligament in the dog. AB - The severed cranial cruciate ligament of Beagles was replaced with a carbon fibre tow. Post-operatively the animals were evaluated clinically and radiographically. The animals were sacrificed and specimens collected for histology. There was marked infiltration of the implant by granulation tissue which matured into longitudinally orientated collagen fibres to form a new ligament. A foreign body reaction which occurred at about 12 weeks subsided after a few more weeks. Fracture of the implant was present in a high percentage of knees. The advantages and disadvantages are discussed and technical errors identified. PMID- 6545367 TI - The use of carbon fibre to replace the torn cranial cruciate ligament in the dog- a clinical procedure. AB - Carbon fibre implants were used on 52 knees to repair the torn cranial cruciate ligament. A surgical technique similar to the "over-the-top" method utilizing carbon fibre instead of fascia lata was used. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed. It is, however, necessary to do long term assessment of the results. PMID- 6545368 TI - A report on three cases of feminising syndrome in the dog. AB - Three cases of feminising syndrome are described in the male dog. All cases showed similar symptoms, alopecia being the most noticeable. Differential diagnosis is discussed. The beneficial effect of castration is recorded. PMID- 6545369 TI - Primary renal cell carcinoma in a horse. AB - A case of primary renal cell carcinoma in a 16-year-old mare is reported. The main presenting signs of chronic weight loss and diarrhoea as well as the initial laboratory examination did not directly indicate renal involvement. Follow-up investigations were strongly suggestive of avain tuberculosis. Further laboratory investigation revealed neoplasia, which was confirmed at autopsy. PMID- 6545370 TI - [Nutritional muscular dystrophy in a clutch of ostrich chicks]. AB - Six 1 1/2-month old ostrich chickens in the Upington district of the Cape Province developed lameness. Two died and pathological examination of one of them revealed lesions identical to those of white muscle disease in the larger muscle groups. Vitamin E-selenium therapy cured the other 4. The diet of the animals consisted mainly of lucerne (alfalfa). PMID- 6545371 TI - Borrelia sp. infection in a horse. AB - The clinical signs, response to treatment and features of the spirochaete, Borrelia theileri as was found in a horse with suspected borreliasis are described. PMID- 6545372 TI - Observations on the symptomatology and diagnosis of clinical cases of Johne's disease. AB - Two clinical cases of Johne's disease are reported. There was a total absence of diarrhoea in one case despite a clinical course of the disease of more than 18 months. Typical gut lesions found on necropsy were confined to the small intestine. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathological examination, and the finding of acid fast staining organisms and a retrospective complement fixation test on stored serum. The result of an intravenous avian tuberculin test conducted on the second case was inconclusive. This was attributed to the animal's temperament. PMID- 6545373 TI - New ventures in food animal medicine. PMID- 6545374 TI - The role of the veterinary surgeon in the small stock industry. PMID- 6545375 TI - The three-dimensional organization of tight junctions in a capillary endothelium revealed by serial-section electron microscopy. AB - Estimates of capillary permeability for hydrophilic solutes are generally interpreted in terms of Pappenheimer's pore theory. The intercellular clefts of the capillary endothelium are considered a likely structural equivalent to the postulated system of small hydrophilic pores. However, correlation of permeabilities and cleft structure requires more knowledge of the detailed structure of the tight junctions which appear to obliterate the clefts. In this study the organization of tight junctions in endothelium of rat heart capillaries has been investigated by serial-section electron microscopy. Cross-sectioned intercellular clefts were photographed in a series of 190 consecutive sections (average thickness approximately equal to 40 nm) and in a series of 16 consecutive sections (average thickness approximately equal to 12.5 nm). Seventy one junctional segments, each extending over 5-32 consecutive sections, were reconstructed. The endothelial junctions were organized as irregular networks of lines of contact between neighboring cells. Six pathways circumventing the lines of contact were followed through the entire junctional region of the clefts providing a tortuous pathway connecting the luminal and abluminal aspects of the clefts. Moreover, the individual lines of contact were provided with discrete discontinuities, apparently 4 nm wide. The observations support the notion that the paracellular pathway in capillary endothelium is permeable not only to small solutes but also to certain macromolecules. PMID- 6545376 TI - Transendothelial transport (transcytosis) of iron-transferrin complex in the bone marrow. AB - To determine the transport pathway of iron-transferrin complex (Fe-TF) across the marrow-blood barrier, we labeled Fe-TF with colloidal gold and perfused rat femoral marrow with this probe. At 4 degrees C, the probe bound to the luminal surface of marrow sinus endothelium. The binding was inhibitable in the presence of excess native Fe-TF indicating the specificity of the binding. At 37 degrees C, the probe was internalized largely via a system of coated pits and vesicles and transported across the endothelium via a system of tubules and endosomal vesicles. It could not be ascertained if all Fe-TF was still associated with the colloidal gold probe within the endothelium, but the probe appeared to be externalized on the abluminal side into the interstitium where it subsequently bound to the surface of marrow erythroblasts and was internalized. Endothelium appeared to store part of the probe within a large vesicular system. No transport of Fe-TF was noted through diaphragmed fenestrations, diaphragmed vesicles, or interendothelial junctions. No endothelial uptake of this magnitude was noted when native gold particles or gold-labeled bovine serum albumin was used. Our findings indicate that in the bone marrow, gold-labeled Fe-TF is first taken up by sinus endothelium through a receptor-mediated mechanism and is possibly transported transendothelially via a vesicular system (transcytosis). PMID- 6545377 TI - Indentations in the terminal cisternae of denervated rat EDL and soleus muscle fibers. AB - The effects of denervation on the structure of the triad and longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum have been investigated in freeze-fracture replicas of extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus fibers that had been denervated for 2 to 70 days. In EDL fibers the density of indentations along 1 micron of terminal cisternae fell during the first 2 weeks after nerve section, from a normal value of 7.3 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- 1 SEM) to an average value of 2.0 +/- 0.5 in fibers denervated for 16 to 17 days. Denervation did not change the numbers of indentations in soleus fibers. There was a significant change in the orientation of the triads and organization of the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum in denervated EDL and soleus fibers. The effect of denervation on the density of indentations was best correlated with the effect on asymmetric charge movement, when indentation density was compared with twitch contraction time, the voltage sensitivity of tension, and charge movement. The close relationship between indentation density and charge movement provides compelling evidence for a functional link between the two during excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 6545378 TI - Fetal therapy. PMID- 6545379 TI - Facial folklore. PMID- 6545380 TI - Maternal factors in the control of fetal growth. PMID- 6545381 TI - Fetal growth and diet. PMID- 6545382 TI - Human DNA polymerase alpha. Compensation for heat-labile mouse DNA polymerase alpha and its gene localization on the X chromosome. AB - The chromosomal location of human DNA polymerase alpha gene was determined by studies on somatic cell hybrids between a temperature-sensitive mutant cell line of mouse FM3A cells and normal human lymphocytes or a line of human diploid fibroblasts derived from a patient with the fragile X syndrome. A temperature sensitive mutant, FT20-M6, a 6-thioguanine-resistant derivative of tsFT20, has heat-labile DNA polymerase alpha. Interspecific cell hybrids between FT20-M6 and human cells grew at the non-permissive temperature, indicating that some human chromosomes can compensate for the temperature-sensitive defect of tsFT20 in mouse-human cell hybrids. Three of these hybrid clones were examined further, and were shown to contain heat-stable DNA polymerase alpha that was neutralized with human DNA polymerase alpha-specific monoclonal antibody. Subcloning and segregation tests of these hybrid clones showed a positive correlation between the expression of human DNA polymerase alpha and the presence of the human X chromosome. Two subclones, however, did not conform to this relationship: they grew at the nonpermissive temperature but not in hypoxanthine/amethopterin/thymidine medium. Detailed examination of the human chromosomes in these subclones revealed that these clones had only one human chromosome, an X chromosome with a terminal deletion of the long arm including the locus of the gene for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8). From these data, the functional DNA polymerase alpha gene was located on the human X chromosome. PMID- 6545383 TI - Haemopoietic progenitor cell heterogeneity revealed by a single monoclonal antibody, YW 13.1.1. AB - Rapid segregation and purification of haemopoietic progenitor cells by simple methods is necessary for a proper analysis of the control of early haemopoiesis. In this paper we describe the use of a rat monoclonal antibody, YW 13.1.1, for that purpose. This reagent reacts with more than 90% of foetal liver cells but spares stem cells. A single-step lysis with antibody and complement achieves a tenfold enrichment for early progenitor cells. The marker also shows an increasing level of expression on the three defined subsets of erythroid progenitor cells. This parallels their developmental pathway and erythropoietin responsiveness. Simple quantitative considerations therefore permit separation of cells at different stages of erythropoiesis. PMID- 6545384 TI - The pars plana approach in two cases of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV). AB - Two cases of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous were operated by the pars plana approach. The technique applied appears to be safe and effective. PMID- 6545385 TI - Colobomatous macrophthalmia with microcornea. AB - The ocular malformation of microcornea, uveal coloboma, high myopia, posterior staphyloma, and macrophthalmia was studied in a family. Clinical characteristics and ocular parameters, including refractive error and axial length, are summarized. The pedigree is consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance of the disorder; expressivity is variable. This unique malformation is differentiated from other well-recognized syndromes of colobomatous microphthalmia. PMID- 6545386 TI - Retrospective analysis of 58 children with retinoblastoma. AB - We performed a retrospective analysis of 58 children with retinoblastoma seen at the University of Illinois at Chicago between 1960 and 1982. Our findings showed an almost equal distribution by sex, a predominance (69%) of white patients, and a common presenting symptom (70%) of leukocoria, with (22%) or without (48%) strabismus. Unilateral involvement was noted in 35 patients (60%). Of the 23 (40%) bilaterally affected children, 19 had simultaneous involvement at the time of diagnosis. All bilateral and 90% of the unilateral cases were diagnosed before age five years. Family history was positive for retinoblastoma in five bilateral and one unilateral case. At the time of diagnosis, 35 patients had stage V disease (Reese-Ellsworth classification, Table 1). Depending on the stage of disease treatment included enucleation, radiation, and chemotherapy. Mortality was 25% from 1960 to 1974, and zero thereafter. PMID- 6545387 TI - Corneal pathology and aniridia associated with partial trisomy 2q, due to a maternal (2;6) translocation. AB - A newborn with partial trisomy 2q, due to a maternal (2;6) translocation is presented. The baby had microcephaly, a prominent forehead, hypertelorism, a broad nose with a flat nasal bridge, a long philtrum, micrognathia, and low set ears which are common to cases with partial 2q trisomy. Additional findings of aniridia and marked corneal pathology are reported. PMID- 6545388 TI - Mobius syndrome. Electron microscopic study of the extraocular muscles. AB - The medial rectus, external rectus and inferior oblique muscles were examined by electron microscopy in Mobius syndrome. The electron microscopic findings of the medial rectus and inferior oblique were of degenerative and inflammatory nature, whereas the lateral rectus showed complete fibrosis. The fibrotic lateral rectus could explain the absence of abduction in Mobius syndrome. PMID- 6545389 TI - Hypertelorism and the median cleft face syndrome. An embryological analysis. AB - A microscopical study of the early and late development of the face was performed in 77 human embryos and fetuses. After the transformation of both nasal placodes, via nasal grooves, into the nasal tubes the ectoderm of the face is closed superficially and the early development of the face (less than or equal to 17 mm crown-rump length (C-RL)) is terminated. Between the nasal tubes the internasal groove is present. Furthermore these embryos show physiologically a flat nose and hypertelorism. During the late development (greater than or equal to 17 mm C-RL) of the face the internasal groove disappears due to the outgrowth and differentiation of the nasal septum in the frontocaudal direction. Simultaneously (17-27 mm C-RL) the distance between the eyes decreases relatively, because of a relative lag in transverse growth. The differentiation of the facial mesenchyme into bone centres starts in the same period. From this embryological point of view the major anomalies of the median cleft face syndrome (hypertelorism- orbital as well as interorbital--and cranium bifidum occultum, median cleft nose, median cleft prolabium and median cleft premaxilla), can be classified as secondary or late, i.e., differentiation, defects. PMID- 6545390 TI - Inherited snowflake cataracts. AB - The authors report two unusual pedigrees of flake-like cataracts inherited as an isolated mendelian trait, presumably autosomal dominant. The most striking biomicroscopic feature is an accumulation of large white irregular flakes ('type B opacities') scattered throughout the equatorial cortex, with apparently less involvement of the nucleus. Some of these opacities are globular, but most are flattened and have feathery edges. These type B opacities are clinically and microscopically identical in the two families. Type B lesions are characterized histologically by irregular pale-staining areas. Ultrastructurally, these areas show large collections of microglobular degeneration immediately adjacent to normal-appearing lens fibers. Electron probe studies demonstrate normal calcium levels. 'Type A' opacities are biomicroscopically smaller, punctate, and clinically non-specific. Ultrastructurally, type A opacities include clusters of medium sized lenticular globules, each of which is larger than the individual microglobular abnormalities of type B lesions, although the aggregated type B lesion is considerably larger than an individual type A lesion. The microscopic appearance of this inherited cataract appears to be unique. PMID- 6545391 TI - Craniofacial dysmorphism and opsoclonus. AB - Report of a case with craniofacial dysmorphism and opsoclonus. The opsoclonus commenced in the perinatal period and abated at 18 months. Previous cases of opsoclonus associated with cranial and facial anomalies are reviewed, and it is suggested that opsoclonus in the authors' case was related to the delayed maturation of inhibitory cells in the brainstem. PMID- 6545392 TI - Congenital familial external ophthalmoplegia with co-contraction. AB - A family fitting the criterion for congenital familial fibrosis has electromyographic and clinical evidence of co-contraction. Forced ductions were negative in one patient. Muscle fibrosis in this family is thought to be secondary to the innervational anomaly akin to Duane's syndrome rather than a primary myogenic etiology. The evidence of a brainstem etiology makes classification as an ophthalmoplegia seem more appropriate. PMID- 6545393 TI - Alteration of the light thresholds in scotopic and photopic vision in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - In a patient with retinitis pigmentosa, global and local adaptation were performed. The light thresholds were measured and the spatial summation coefficients evaluated in scotopic and photopic vision. The results are compared with those obtained in normal individuals. PMID- 6545394 TI - A case of retinitis pigmentosa associated with Coats' syndrome. AB - The association of bilateral retinitis pigmentosa with Coats' syndrome is reported. Four lesions of vascular telangiectasis with yellowish exudates were treated by xenon photocoagulation or cryocautery. Seven months later, new vascular changes occurred in another quadrant of the fundus. Since xenon photocoagulation could not be performed because of the patient's aversion to pain, argon laser photocoagulation was used but found ineffective. Cryocautery was necessary to treat the exudation over one quadrant, though xenon photocoagulation was effective in small lesions. PMID- 6545395 TI - Sex-linked pigmentary retinopathy (P.R.). AB - The silently affected female relatives of a patient severely affected by pigmentary retinopathy may show on ophthalmoscopy a sector with pigmentary retinopathy and disturbed functional examinations; the risk factors to suggest X linked disease are described. In our case the mother appeared a heterozygote for sex linked P.R. PMID- 6545396 TI - Transdifferentiation and survival of neural retina cells in relation to illumination. AB - Cultures of chicken embryo neural retina cells were exposed to light of different intensities and colours, in order to identify the wavelengths that promote cell degeneration and transdifferentiation into pigment epithelium. Blue and green light caused cell death; blue, green and yellow light enhanced transdifferentiation; red light had no effect. The relevance of these findings to retinal degeneration in man and the possible mediation of rhodopsin, riboflavin and other chromophores are discussed. PMID- 6545397 TI - Cellular and humoral immune parameters among patients with retinitis pigmentosa and other retinal disorders. AB - Patients with retinitis pigmentosa, other retinal degenerations and a group of normal volunteers were included in a masked study designed to examine the existence of autoimmune reactions toward retinal antigens and the possible defect in lymphokine production (IL-1, IL-2 and gamma interferon). The results obtained did not show any specific anamnestic response to the retinal S-Ag nor any outstanding defect in gamma interferon production by the lymphocytes of patients with retinitis pigmentosa. It is suggested that a larger masked study be conducted as soon as possible in order to clarify these aspects of immune aberrations in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 6545398 TI - Immune complexes in retinitis pigmentosa. AB - In a group of 46 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), we studied the levels of IgM, the presence of a rheumatoid factor (RF), the circulating immune complexes (CIC) and the alterations in the complement system. Our results showed increased IgM levels in two patients (226 and 260 mg/dl), the presence of RF in three patients (205, 187 and 80 IU/ml), the existence of CIC in 43.5% of the subjects, reduced levels of the complement components C3 and C4 (p less than 0.001) and of the haemolytic activity CH50 (p less than 0.001) when compared with a control group consisting of 100 healthy subjects. We found a statistically significant correlation between the values of C3 and CIC (p less than 0.01), C4 and CIC (p less than 0.01) and between CH50 and CIC (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6545399 TI - A syndrome with true anophthalmia, hand-foot defects and mental retardation. PMID- 6545400 TI - [Evaluation of iron balance in homozygous beta-thalassemia subjects treated with desferrioxamine administered subcutaneously]. PMID- 6545401 TI - [Cardiac catheterization in childhood: experience with the ambulatory method]. PMID- 6545402 TI - [The value of splenoportography and splenomanometry in the diagnosis of portal hypertension in childhood]. PMID- 6545403 TI - [Urine iron: comparative evaluation between a colorimetric method and atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. PMID- 6545404 TI - [Urethral valves, radiological aspects and considerations]. PMID- 6545406 TI - [Transient paralysis of the vagus and the hypoglossal nerves in pertussis in a 2 1/2-month-old infant]. PMID- 6545405 TI - [Efficacy of splenectomy in 2 cases of hemolytic anemia caused by pyruvate kinase deficiency]. PMID- 6545408 TI - [Clinico-radiologic observations on a case of Melnick-Needles syndrome]. PMID- 6545407 TI - [A new case of Weaver's syndrome observed in the neonatal period]. PMID- 6545409 TI - [Caudal regression syndrome: presentation of a case in childhood and review of the literature]. PMID- 6545410 TI - Endocrine changes and clinical profiles in depression: I. The dexamethasone suppression test. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function was investigated in 72 patients with primary depression. Forty-four per cent of the patients demonstrated abnormal suppression of their cortisol levels after a 1 mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test. Patients with abnormal suppression ('non-suppressors') were not clearly distinguished from 'suppressors' by the commonly used diagnostic classifications. They did not appear to be more severely depressed, but they were more likely than the 'suppressors' to be in-patients. Multivariate analysis of the data suggested that two clinical features were independently associated with non-suppression: the PSE syndromes of Slowness and General Anxiety. However, the association of these syndromes with non-suppression was relatively weak, indicating that the clinical significance of the dexamethasone suppression test is, as yet, unclear. The results raise doubts about the validity of using the dexamethasone suppression test as a diagnostic marker for a specific depressive syndrome. PMID- 6545411 TI - Tissue vanadium levels in manic-depressive psychosis. AB - The vanadium content of hair, whole blood, serum and urine was estimated by neutron activation analysis in samples from manic patients, depressed patients, recovered manic patients, recovered depressed patients and normal controls. The results suggest that manic patients have significantly raised vanadium levels in hair which fall towards control levels with recovery, but there are no significant differences in the mean vanadium content of whole blood or serum. In contrast, depressed patients have raised levels of vanadium in whole blood and serum which appear to fall with recovery. Levels of vanadium in serum correlate strongly with those in whole blood, but neither shows significant correlation with vanadium in hair for either patients or controls. Hair and blood probably serve as indicator tissues for differing aspects of vanadium metabolism. PMID- 6545412 TI - The GH response to clonidine in endogenous as compared with reactive depression. AB - The growth hormone (GH) response to clonidine was measured in 10 patients meeting standardized criteria for 'endogenous' depression and in 10 patients individually matched for age and sex but meeting the corresponding criteria for 'reactive' depression. In a paired comparison of patients with reactive and endogenous depression (matched for age and sex), the GH response to clonidine was less in the endogenous member of the pair in 8 out of 10 cases. These findings are interpreted as evidence of a defect at alpha 2 adrenoceptors in neuroendocrine systems in endogenous as compared with reactive depression. PMID- 6545413 TI - Genetic and environmental influences on obsessional traits and symptoms. AB - A biometrical genetic analysis was carried out on the response of 419 pairs of twins to the 42-item version of Leyton Obsessional Inventory. Just under half the variation in both the Obsessional Trait and Symptom Scales was due to heredity. Multivariate analysis revealed a genetic effect on the development of obsessional personality and also the transmission of a general tendency predisposing to neurotic breakdown. Although the influence of heredity was outweighed by that of the environment, the latter effect showed an absence of general factors and, in particular, of any noticeable effect from the common home environment. PMID- 6545414 TI - Idiot savant calendrical calculators: maths or memory? AB - Eight idiot savant calendrical calculators were tested on dates in the years 1963, 1973, 1983, 1986 and 1993. The study was carried out in 1983. Speeds of correct response were minimal in 1983 and increased markedly into the past and the future. The response time increase was matched by an increase in errors. Speeds of response were uncorrelated with measured IQ, but the numbers were insufficient to justify any inference in terms of IQ-independence. Results are interpreted as showing that memory alone is inadequate to explain the calendrical calculating performance of the idiot savant subjects. PMID- 6545415 TI - Cognitive functioning in depression: a review of theory and research. AB - This paper reviews recent research into cognitive functioning in depression, with particular reference to the theories of Lewinsohn, Beck, Seligman and Klein. The major cognitive changes in depression are a decrease in the ability to maintain concentration and effort, and an increase in the relative salience of aversive events and memories, with a corresponding decrease in the salience of pleasant events. There is as yet little evidence to support the view that depressions arise out of pre-existing depressive attitudes. Attention is drawn to the heterogeneity of depressive disorders, and the significance of the endogenous/non endogenous distinction is discussed. PMID- 6545416 TI - Smoking and the Eysenck personality dimensions: an interactive model. AB - Evidence relating smoking and neuroticism is inconsistent; some studies report no significant relationship, while others report a positive association. The present study examined smoking in relation to neuroticism (N), extraversion (E) and psychoticism (P), in the light of predictions that interactions between N and E, and between N and P, could underly these inconsistent findings. The subjects were female student nurses (N = 270), of whom 34.1% were smokers. Discriminant analyses revealed that E differentiated most strongly between smokers and non smokers. N and P did not add to the predictive power of the discriminant function, but the N x P and N x E interactions did make significant contributions. Among extraverts, and among subjects low in psychoticism, N was not related to smoking; but among introverts, and among subjects high in psychoticism, the relationship was significant and positive. PMID- 6545417 TI - The reliability of estimates of body width and their relationship to current measured body size among anorexic and normal subjects. AB - Normal and anorexic subjects' estimates of their own body width were obtained. The estimates were reliable measures, but they did not correlate with the subjects' actual body widths. The implications of this finding especially when relating anorexic patients' self-perceptions to their clinical outcome, are discussed. It seems preferable to use such estimates untransformed by division with the subjects' actual body widths. PMID- 6545418 TI - Bronchial asthma: lack of relationships between allergic factors, illness severity and psychosocial variables in adult patients attending an asthma clinic. AB - The relationships between illness severity, allergy as indicated by serum total immunoglobulin E, and various psychological and social factors were studied in 66 adult asthmatics. No substantial relationships were found between these factors. An earlier onset of illness before 3 years was associated with a higher serum IgE. These results do not support the commonly held concept that asthma is a 'psychosomatic' disorder. PMID- 6545419 TI - Parental psychiatric disorder: effects on children. AB - A 4-year prospective study was undertaken of the families of 137 newly referred English speaking psychiatric patients with children at home aged under 15 years. The group comprised a representative sample of such patients living in one inner London borough. Teacher questionnaires were obtained yearly for all children of school age in the families, and for age-, sex- and classroom-matched controls. Detailed standardized interviews were undertaken yearly with parent-patients and with their spouses. A comparison was also made with a control group of families in the general population with 10-year-old children. Patients' families differed in terms of a higher rate of psychiatric disorder in spouses and a much higher level of family discord. Both parental mental disorder and marital discord tended to persist over the 4-year period, but persistence of both was much more marked when the parent had a personality disorder. The children of psychiatric patients had an increased rate of persistent emotional/behavioural disturbance, which tended to involve disorders of conduct. The psychiatric risk to the children was greatest in the case of personality disorders associated with high levels of exposure to hostile behaviour. Boys showing temperamental risk features were most vulnerable to the ill-effects associated with parental mental disorder. PMID- 6545420 TI - Life events and depression in women: a structural equation model. AB - A non-recursive structural equation model designed to examine the reciprocal relationship between life event reports and depressive symptoms in women is presented. The model was fitted to data from a 2-year longitudinal study of life events and depression in a sample of women with 5-year-old children. The findings suggest that life event reports may be influenced by mental state; however, even when this tendency is taken into account, there is still a substantial relationship between life events and depressive symptoms in women. This indicates that it is unlikely that the life events/depression correlation can be explained simply by a tendency for depressed women to over-report life events. PMID- 6545421 TI - The effect of a mental hospital strike on general hospital psychiatric services. AB - Data collected from 6043 psychiatric in-patient records were analysed to assess the impact of a strike at a mental hospital on in-patient services in general hospital psychiatric units in St John's, Newfoundland, Canada. As a whole, during the strike general hospital units showed an increase in the number of involuntary admissions, the number of prior mental hospital admissions of patients, and indications of violent or suicidal behaviour; and a decrease in the occupational status of patients admitted and the prescription of minor tranquillizers. There was also evidence of considerable variation between general hospitals in the extent to which their admission pattern changed during the strike and the permanence of some of the strike effects. The data indicate that all patients showing violent or suicidal behaviour who would normally have been admitted to the mental hospital were treated in the general hospital units during the strike. On the other hand, a large number of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, personality disorder or mental retardation, who normally would have been admitted to the mental hospital, apparently went without hospitalization during the strike. A substantial proportion of this latter group would usually have been admitted involuntarily. PMID- 6545423 TI - [The terminal patient and euthanasia]. PMID- 6545422 TI - Behaviour disturbance and mental handicap: typology and longitudinal trends. AB - Behaviour disturbance was investigated in mentally handicapped adults who were living in hospital or at home. The first part of the study describes an empirically derived typology of disturbed behaviour patterns and gives the details of a scale by means of which behaviour disturbance can be quantified along six dimensions: aggression, mood disturbance, communicativeness, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms, and self-injury. The second part of the study used the scale in a longitudinal study of behavioural disturbance. Different forms of disturbed behaviour exhibited different kinds of longitudinal stability, and the long-term changes in one aspect of disturbance depended on subjects' other disturbance scores. PMID- 6545424 TI - [Urea and arginase activity in rat liver during the administration of thioacetamide]. AB - The authors measure the concentration of urea and arginase activity at pH 6.5 and 9.7 in the rat liver at intervals during the administration thioacetamide (TAM) at a dose of 50 mg per kg of body weight and per day. The values obtained correlate the amount of urea and the arginase activity at pH 6.5 and 9.7 during TAM administration for the intervals comprised between 1-12 days and 12-30 days. These results suggest that the concentration of liver urea depends mainly of the level at arginase activity, which is regulated by the proton concentration of the internal environment. PMID- 6545425 TI - [In vivo effect of Resistocell on the Phytohemagglutinin Immunocompetence Index (rabbits)]. AB - The RST-SAS effect in normal adult albino New Zealand giant male rabbits was studied. A positive individual response in 89% of the animal and no harmful side effects were observed, after the i.v. administration of a suitable RSTL-SAS dose. The statistical evaluation of group data showed a significative 42% increased of the IIC.PHA above the normal basal level. Thus, the RSTL-SAS could provide an unique immunomodulator agent due to its significant biological effect and the apparent lack of any side effect. PMID- 6545426 TI - PHA-induced LRP enhancement of normal PBL by Rollin. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether the "RSTL-SAS" derived Rollin has retained the precursor activity after its purifying procedure. The blastogenic response of macrocultures (650) to PHA and Rollin was assessed by microscopy. Data have clearly shown that Rollin, like RSTL-SAS, may significatively enhance the PHA-induced LPR of PBL from healthy humans. Such enhancement depends of the Rollin dose added to the culture and kinetics of the target cells sensitive to it. However, Rollin seems to provide more efficiency and safety than RSTL-SAS. The positive capabilities of the "RSTL-SAS" were largely overpassed by the purified Rollin. A positive response (probably via T cell precursor repertoire), was seen in 82% of the 151 individuals studied. The joint PHA plus Rollin LPR mean values got up to 119% and 159% of the "IIC.PHA" base-line for the "BR100" model (one full-dose) and the "BR.MCR" in the subset with six doses of Rollin/Control, respectively. Moreover, the negative side of the RSTL dual-effect became insignificant for Rollin and antibodies against Rollin or other detrimental side-effects which could restrict its therapeutic use as it has occurred with other BRM, have not been detected after the reiterative i. v. and/or i. m. administration of large Rollin doses to adult rabbits. PMID- 6545427 TI - [Hyperthermic radiosensitization of a strain of hematopoietic cells from mouse bone marrow, CFU-S]. AB - Employing the technique of the spleen colony-formation the authors investigated the survival curve of the mouse hematopoietic stem cells resulting from increasing doses of X rays (D0 = 0.79 Gy and n = 1.59). The effect of the hyperthermic radiosensitization was measured by comparison with the effects observed in the irradiated CFU-S population previously exposed to hyperthermia. The treatment lasted 60 minutes at 42 degrees C and 12 minutes at 44 degrees C considering the thermal inactivation kinetics in such a way that the survival rate were the same in both cases. The results obtained for D0 = 0.52 Gy and n = 1.0 during 60 minutes at 42 degrees C, and for D00 = 0.61 Gy and n = 1.0 during 12 minutes at 44 degrees C showed that: 1) a synergic effect upon the CFU-S population is produced by the combination of hyperthermia and radiation, 2) for the same survival rate, the radiosensitivity increase produced after the thermic treatment a 42 degrees C and 44 degrees C is of the same order, and 3) such treatments, in both cases, produced a loss of a radioinduced sublethal damage accumulation. PMID- 6545428 TI - Metastasis of malignant neoplasms to skeletal muscle. AB - Malignant neoplasms were found at 194 of 723 autopsies carried out at the Marques de Valdecilla National Medical Center in the period 1980-1982, and in 50 of these there was secondary involvement of skeletal muscle. In 16 cases (8.2%) the primary tumour and/or its metastases had invaded skeletal muscle, but in 34 (17.5%) true macroscopic or microscopic metastases were present. It was this latter finding which prompted us to carry out a detailed analysis. Below are given the percentages of malignant neoplasms of each type in which the tumours had metastasized to skeletal muscle and, in brackets, the number of metastases found in skeletal muscle as a percentage of all metastatic tumours. Acute leukaemias 17.2% (14.7%), lymphomas 20.6% (17.6%), carcinomas 17.7% (64.6%): for the various sub-categories of carcinoma the figures were: epidermoid carcinoma 10% (5.8%), adenocarcinoma 29.6% (47%) and anaplastic carcinoma 5.8% (2.9%). The muscles most commonly involved were the diaphragm (67.6%) and the iliopsoas (29.4%). The patients ranged in age from 26 to 84 years, mean age 62.8 years. The male/female ratio was 2.8/1. In advanced cancer an appreciable percentage of metastases occur in skeletal muscle. PMID- 6545429 TI - [Incidence of cancer in a university hospital: analysis of 500 clinical autopsies]. AB - In a series of 500 autopsies cancer was found to be the first cause of death (24.6 por 100), followed by infectious diseases (23.8 per 100), and vascular diseases (22.2 per 100). The most frequent kind of malignant tumors found were lung neoplasms (17.8 per 100), followed by leukemias (17.0 per 100) and digestive tract tumors (11.3 per 100). Metastases were produced most frequently by tumors of the lungs (82.6 per 100), liver (81.8 per 100) and digestive tract (64.2 per 100). Metastases were found mainly in the lymph glands and liver. PMID- 6545430 TI - [Alkylating nucleosides. Synthesis and cytostatic activity of new types of halomethyl-substituted nucleosides]. AB - Concerning the potential use of chemically alkylating halomethyl groups as the active moiety of cytotoxic compounds, two new types of alkylating nucleosides, namely C-ribosyl halomethylthiazoles and 5'-0-haloacetyl-uridine or -inosine, have been synthesized. As in the case of previously reported cytostatic N glycosyl halomethyl pentaheterocycles, the design of the first type was based on the alkylating ability of benzylic type halides. The design of the second type of nucleosides in which the alkylating group in attached to the sugar, was based on the soft alkylating capacity of alpha-halo substituted esters. All the compounds have been tested against HeLa cell cultures and some of them have shown significant cytostatic activity. Relationships between these activities and certain structural features are discussed. PMID- 6545431 TI - [Fever of unknown origin having a neoplastic etiology]. AB - Fifty three patients having fever of unknown origin according to the criterion of Petersdorf and Beeson were studied. Malignant tumors were found to be the cause in 21 per 100 of the cases. The authors indicate the time required to make an etiologic diagnosis, and the procedures employed for it. PMID- 6545432 TI - [Value of studying oncologic patients using bone gammagraphy for the diagnosis of skeletal metastasis. Review of 200 cases]. AB - Two hundred cancer patients with bone metastases were studied by gammagraphy employing 555 MBq of 99mTc-MDP. The results were compared with those obtained by radiology and alkaline phosphatase determination, showing that gammagraphy is positive in 93 per 100 of the cases and is more useful than the other procedures to make a pre-radiologic diagnosis of bone metastases (27 per 100). PMID- 6545433 TI - [Chemical radiosensitizers in radiotherapy]. PMID- 6545434 TI - [Detection and warning of accidental water pollution]. PMID- 6545435 TI - [Rational treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. II. Therapeutic circumstances and characteristics]. PMID- 6545436 TI - [Role of the kidney in maintaining electrolyte (isoionic) equilibrium in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 6545437 TI - [Primary hyperlipoproteinemias in children]. PMID- 6545438 TI - The child/patient social-role-set and the psychotherapy of neurosis. PMID- 6545439 TI - [Epidemiologic study of digestive cancer performed at the Iasi 2d Medical Clinic in a 10-year-period]. PMID- 6545440 TI - [Injuries to the urogenital system]. PMID- 6545441 TI - [Indications for and the results of surgical treatment in closed kidney injuries]. PMID- 6545442 TI - [Craniocerebral wounds at the convexity]. PMID- 6545443 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral interventions in pulmonary echinococcosis]. PMID- 6545444 TI - [Can a pulmonary hydatid cyst cause bronchial asthma?]. PMID- 6545445 TI - [Interlobular pleurisy seen as a pseudotumor]. PMID- 6545446 TI - [Perforated postoperative peptic ulcer (PPPU)]. PMID- 6545447 TI - [Histopathological study of the visceral lesions in experimental candidal septicemia in rabbits]. PMID- 6545448 TI - [Evaluation of the risk factors for arterial hypertension in an epidemiological survey of the work site. II. Prospective data on the risk factors]. PMID- 6545449 TI - [Dysadaptation to night-shift work and the human thermal circadian biorhythm]. PMID- 6545450 TI - [Tumor-dependent prognostic factors in melanoma patients]. PMID- 6545451 TI - [Acid-base and oxidation-reduction equilibrium in cancer]. PMID- 6545452 TI - [Medicine and philosophy. VI]. PMID- 6545454 TI - [Hemoptysis sine materia elucidated by fiber bronchoscopy examination]. PMID- 6545453 TI - [Diagnostic error in a round lung opacity]. PMID- 6545455 TI - [Availability studies of indigenous antibiotics in suppositories]. PMID- 6545456 TI - [Cephalic duodenopancreatectomy in a case of an unusual indication]. PMID- 6545457 TI - [Case of transdiaphragmatic hepatic hernia]. PMID- 6545458 TI - [Dysembryoplastic mediastinal cyst with an intra-abdominal pedicle]. PMID- 6545459 TI - [Steatocystoma multiplex]. PMID- 6545460 TI - [Hormonal treatment in Turner's syndrome. Correction of the growth deficit]. PMID- 6545461 TI - [Renal lithiasis. Current data on its etiopathogenesis and the therapeutic prospects]. PMID- 6545462 TI - [Pneumological aspects of bronchial foreign bodies in children. Experience with 100 cases]. AB - 100 cases of bronchial foreign body seen over a period of 4 years represent 1.2% of the admissions of a paediatric pneumology unit; 73% of the children were aged between 6 months and 3 years. The foreign body was vegetable in 61% of cases (a peanut in 44% of cases). The time between the inhalation and the endoscopic diagnosis was greater than 7 days in 70% of cases and greater than 30 days in 37% of cases. Removal of the foreign body was possible in all but one case. In particular, the authors studied the pneumological implications of a foreign body: the value of a quantitative bacteriological study of the bronchial secretions, which was significant in 43% of cases, and detection of the sequelae by prospective clinical and functional surveillance with a follow-up of 3 to 24 months. After 6 months, persistent radiological abnormalities were found in 40% of cases, perfusion disorders were found in 35% and ventilation disorders were found in 64%. A surgical operation was performed in 7 cases: one case of bronchotomy for extraction of the foreign body and 6 cases of parenchymal excision, including 2 total pneumonectomy for a destroyed lung. These were no death. The pathophysiology of the complications of functional disorders and of dilatation of the bronchi is discussed in the context of the experience gained from this series. PMID- 6545463 TI - [Prognostic value, at the onset of an asthma attack, of respiratory, hemodynamic, and acid-base equilibrium parameters]. AB - Sudden death is still a common complication of acute asthma. The authors analysed statistically the prognostic value of the respiratory rate (RR), the heart rate (HR), blood gases, systolic blood pressure (BP syst), and diastolic pressure (BP diast) and the amplitude of the P wave in lead II on the ECG, recorded at the beginning of the asthma attack. This retrospective study concerns two groups of patients distinguished on the basis of the severity of the attack (group I: simple retrospective study concerns two groups of patients distinguished on the basis of the severity of the attack (group I: simple attack; group II; status asthmaticus). A HR greater than 24 per minute, a P wave greater than or equal to 2.5 mm or a PaCO2 greater than or equal to 6.3 kPa (47.25 mmHg) are three highly sensitive and specific criteria of the evolution of the asthma attack towards a more severe form (status asthmaticus). Patients who present one or more of these parameters should be monitored in a respiratory intensive care unit in order to prevent avoidable sudden death. PMID- 6545465 TI - [Anti-smoking campaign in an average French department, la Drome; epidemiological analysis and prospects for the future]. AB - The campaign against smoking requires a dynamic attitude in the field. With this in mind, a study was conducted in 14 to 16 year old school-children in the Drome region and a questionnaire was sent to all doctors in the region. The school survey confirmed the results obtained previously in similar studies, such as the high proportion of girls who smoke and the essential role of the family. There was no valorising element associated with cigarettes in young people. The aim of the questionnaire, which was sent to all doctors registered in the Drome region (more than 800), was to encourage them to adopt a dynamic attitude towards smoking in their professional practice. The high reply rate was encouraging, even if not all of the doctors are ready for an aggressive campaign. PMID- 6545464 TI - [Comparative study of 2 assay methods for serum isoniazid in 413 patients: microbiological method and high performance liquid chromatography]. AB - Serum INH was assayed by 2 techniques over 4 years in 413 patients following the administration of a single test dose of 300 mg of isoniazid. The microbiological method measures the inhibitory activity of the serum on the growth of mycobacteria. The pharmacological method consists of high performance liquid chromatography with ultra-violet detection (HPLC). The mean difference in the assays performed by the 2 methods in each subject was 0.061 mcg/ml and the global correlation between the 2 assays was 0.76. Liquid chromatography also allows the simultaneous assay of acetyl INH. Thirty-three per cent of the subjects who received a test dose of 300 mg of INH had a serum INH concentration of between 1 and 2 mcg/ml at the third hour. This study therefore confirms the usefulness of a pre-treatment assay of INH and the good correlation of the results obtained with the 2 methods. PMID- 6545466 TI - [Current status of Wegener's syndrome. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - In the context of two recent cases, the authors briefly review the clinical, laboratory and anatomical features of Wegener's granulomatosis and, in particular, its clinical course in response to treatment. These 2 cases include fairly original features: one case presented with abundant haemoptysis with a radiological picture of extensive diffuse bilateral pneumonia; the other case presented with a very large pleural effusion with no E.N.T. involvement whatsoever. The authors then summarise the classical features of this severe form of granulomatous vasculitis, which essentially affects the lungs, the kidneys and the ear, nose and throat. The lesions have a typical histological appearance. The major interest of this disease lies in its treatment. The natural evolution of this disease is very serious with a mean survival of 5 months. However, with immunosuppressant and corticosteroid treatment, a complete remission is obtained and maintained in more than 90% of cases. The therapeutic protocol used, as in one of the present cases, prevents the development of the lesion responsible for the very serious prognosis, irreversible renal failure. PMID- 6545467 TI - [Cystic lymphangiomas of the mediastinum. Apropos of 2 cases and a review of the literature]. AB - Two cases of patients suffering from a cystic lymphangioma of the mediastinum are presented. The literature is reviewed and the surgical and pathological findings are commented. PMID- 6545468 TI - [A case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a homosexual]. AB - There is increasing number of cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and in France there have been about 100 cases. The authors report one case who died within 10 months. The patient presented a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, extensive peri-anal herpes, gastro-intestinal candidiasis and, in the final stage, severe diarrhoea. In the context of this case, the authors review the principal manifestations of this new clinical entity. PMID- 6545469 TI - [Bronchodilator effects of an atropinic compound: oxitropium pressurized aerosol. Comparison with theophylline in asthma]. AB - Oxitropium bromide (Tersigat pressurized aerosol) is a new anticholinergic agent. Two puffs of 100 micrograms given in 27 adult patients with asthma produced a 33% mean increase in FEVI, significantly bigger than the 20.9% increase obtained by an intra-muscular injection of theophylline (240 mg) in the same patients. PMID- 6545470 TI - Commodity aspirations in Easterlin's relative income theory of fertility. PMID- 6545471 TI - Parity distribution and socioeconomic development in Mexico: implications of the effects of subfecundity on the modernization/fertility relationship. PMID- 6545472 TI - Factors affecting the choice of nonpermanent contraceptive methods among married women. PMID- 6545473 TI - Demographic and contraceptive patterns among women in Northern Mindanao, the Philippines. PMID- 6545474 TI - A note on the determinants of breastfeeding durations in an African country. PMID- 6545475 TI - Human fertility and land tenure in highland Bolivia. PMID- 6545476 TI - The effect of female education on marital fertility in different size communities of Mexico. PMID- 6545478 TI - Annual Statistical Supplement, 1984-85. PMID- 6545477 TI - Postpartum amenorrhea in selected developing countries: estimates from contraceptive prevalence surveys. PMID- 6545479 TI - A case report of intestinal myiasis. AB - A case of mixed infection of Salmonella (type C2) and Parasarcophaga crassipalpis (an intestinal myiasis) in a two-year-old girl is reported. A girl after dining in a restaurant developed typical Salmonella food-poisoning symptoms. Stool culture showed both Salmonella and fly larvae. This paper is to report a first case of this fly larvae infection and to review the recent trends of food poisoning in Japan. PMID- 6545480 TI - Autopsy findings in postoperative acute renal failure patients, collected from the annuals of pathological autopsy cases in Japan. AB - Autopsy findings in post-surgical acute renal failure cases were studied in 131 cases on diaysis collected from annuals of pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan (1958-1981). Fifty (38.2%) abdominal and 48 (36.6%) cardiovascular operative procedures were the origins of the 131 post-operative acute renal failure patients treated by dialysis. The incidence of acute tubular necrosis was 68.7 per cent. There were 13 non-obstetric cases (19.9%) of acute bilateral cortical necrosis. Direct causes of death in postsurgical acute renal failure patients were mainly infection (61.7%) and bleeding (21.0%) The incidence of patients with infectious disease complicating postsurgical acute renal failure was 60.3 per cent and the rate of those between 20 and 70 years of age was constant. The incidence of patients with bleeding was 45.0 per cent and no significant differences were seen in the 20-70 year age range. PMID- 6545481 TI - Autopsy findings in diabetic nephropathy patients under dialysis, collected from the annuals of pathological autopsy cases in Japan. AB - Collected from the Annuals of Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan (1958-1980), autopsy findings of diabetic patients under dialysis were studied in 103 cases on peritoneal dialysis and 103 cases on hemodialysis. Direct causes of death in 13 cases (12.6%) of the 103 diabetic patients on peritoneal dialysis and in 8 cases (7.8%) of the 103 diabetic patients on hemodialysis was infections, and in seven cases (6.8%) on peritoneal dialysis and 19 cases (18.4%) on hemodialysis was bleeding. The incidence of bleeding in diabetic patients on hemodialysis was significantly higher than that in peritoneal dialysis cases (p less than 0.025). Other direct causes of death in diabetic patients on dialysis included myocardial infarction, uremia, pulmonary edema, liver cirrhosis and carcinoma. No significant difference was seen between peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, except the incidence of complications of bleeding and pericarditis. PMID- 6545482 TI - Colposcopy in the management of cervical dysplasia. AB - A follow-up study was carried out on 27 patients with high dysplasia and 133 patients with mild dysplasia for at least 1 year, using mainly cytodiagnosis and colposcopy. Advanced cases were identified in 25.9% of the first group and 8.3% in the latter group. It was demonstrated that these advanced cases could be found without fail from colposcopic findings combined with cytodiagnosis. PMID- 6545483 TI - Autopsy findings in dialysis patients with polycystic disease of the kidney. AB - Autopsy findings of 98 dialysis patients with polycystic disease of the kidney were studied. The 50-59 year-old group was the largest as well as the 1000g-1990g group of kidney weight. Death due to infections was the most frequent, followed by bleeding. The total number of patients with infections and bleeding was 39 cases (39.8%) and 38 cases (38.8%), respectively. Brain and subarachinoid bleeding seemed to be the most important risk factors. But, the causes of death were nonspecifically related to polycystic renal disease. The total number of patients with polycystic disease of the liver was 51 cases (57.1%) and the mean weight of liver was 1960.2g. PMID- 6545484 TI - A case of focal fatty change of the liver--a rare clinical entity. AB - Fatty change of the liver is generally found as a diffuse process involving the entire organ, although it may be accentuated in the central or peripheral portions of the hepatic lobules. We have encountered a case of focal fatty change of the liver which we disclosed incidentally in laparoscopic and bioptic examinations. Focal fatty change of the liver is a rare clinical entity at present which is generally encountered incidentally at postmortem autopsy. Therefore, the clinical course of the patient was described in this paper and the clinical and pathogenetic significance was also discussed. PMID- 6545485 TI - An improved method for analysis of urinary hydroxyproline by an automated analyzer. AB - An improved method of analysis has been devised for estimating the amount of hydroxyproline excreted into the urine. This study has been performed to overcome the difficulties accompaning mass-examinations which are indispensable in epidimiological studies. Urine samples are pretreated with a resin-charcoal mixture for elimination of interfering substances or color inhibitions, and the supernatant is treated by evaporation to avoid complications followed by pH adjustment. The residue is reconstituted with diluted HCL. After pretreatment, samples a analyzed with an automated analyzer. Linearity of standard calibration curve, and recovery and reproducibility of this assay are satisfactory. This simple procedure of analysis requires little time. This method is also useful for routine clinical examinations. PMID- 6545486 TI - Myofibrils and transverse tubules in glycerol-treated frog skeletal muscle. AB - Effects of glycerol (400 mM) on the structure of frog skeletal muscle were reported based on measurements of the diameters of myofibrils and transverse tubules (T-tubules). The diameter of the myofibrils decreased to about 0.58 micron from the normal size of 0.79 micron during glycerol treatment, but the spacing between the myofibrils became wider. The size did not recover to the initial value even after return of the muscle to the Ringer solution. T-tubule diameters increased to 35-55 nm from the normal size of about 30 nm in glycerol treated muscle, and the size was maintained after return of the muscle to the Ringer solution. PMID- 6545487 TI - Contractile responses of rat lateral gastrocnemius and soleus to dianabol (17 beta-hydroxy-17-methyl-1,4-androstadien-3-one) and exercise. AB - Rats were maintained for 8 weeks on a program of twice weekly subcutaneous injections of 0.075 mg Dianabol (methandrostenolone) and treadmill running to investigate the ability of this compound to increase skeletal muscle contractility. The lateral gastrocnemius isometric twitch and tetanic tensions of the Dianabol Exercise group were both 1.5 times that of the Control animals. Treatment with either Dianabol or exercise alone did not affect the contractile strength of this muscle. The contractility of the soleus was not altered by any of the treatments employed. Withholding of steroid injections midway through the 8 week treatment period while maintaining exercise administration did not alter the effect observed in the Dianabol Exercise group. It is concluded from the results of this study that concomitant administration of Dianabol and exercise for 8 weeks can have a marked effect on isometric force characteristics of skeletal muscle in young adult male rats. PMID- 6545488 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of the epimers of N-propyl 20 xi dihydroprednisolonamide. AB - The epimers of a steroid carboxamide, N-propyl 20 alpha- and 20 beta dihydroprednisolonamide, were evaluated for their local and systemic effects on granuloma formation, pituitary-adrenal function and liver glycogen content in rats. When the carboxamides were administered locally, the 20 beta-epimer exhibited greater activity than the 20 alpha-epimer in suppressing cotton pellet granuloma formation. Neither epimer had suppressive effects on thymus weight and plasma corticosterone levels at the dose level used. When the carboxamides were administered systemically, they were pharmacologically inactive. Furthermore, in acute pharmacological studies, the carboxamides neither increased tyrosine aminotransferase activity and glycogen deposition in the liver nor decreased plasma corticosterone levels and relative thymus weight. PMID- 6545489 TI - The determination and excretion of individual human fecal bile acids. AB - A fluorometric method, using resazurin, for the analysis of individual fecal bile acids separated by thin layer chromatography of crude fecal extracts is described. The method is precise and accurate. The assay was used to investigate the constancy of excretion of individual fecal bile acids in small random stool samples collected over three weeks in six humans. Relatively small but significant variations were found in each case, most were random but one was progressive. PMID- 6545490 TI - Proceedings of the nephro-immunology symposium. New York, New York, November 1984. PMID- 6545491 TI - Experimental circulating immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - Based on some 40 years of experience in experimental and clinical immunopathology, the senior author examines the relationship between some characteristics of the immunological reagents (antigen and antibody) and the nature of lesions in immune complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6545492 TI - Glomerular deposition diseases: insights into mechanisms. AB - Recent experimental studies demonstrate that glomerular basement membrane immune deposits may be formed locally or by deposition of intact complexes from the circulation. Electrostatic interactions may play a role in both of these mechanisms and may account, at least in part, for differences in patterns of localization in the various deposition diseases. PMID- 6545493 TI - Nephritogenic antibody reactions with basement membrane and other structural or trapped antigens in the kidney. PMID- 6545494 TI - Autoimmune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis. AB - Although the role of bacterial infection as the major determinant in the development of acute pyelonephritis has been well documented for years, the nature of the renal scarring typical of chronic "atrophic" pyelonephritis has been a matter of controversy for at least three decades. In the past, recurrent bacterial infection of the kidney was thought to be responsible for the pathologic entity of "chronic pyelonephritis." However, more recent studies suggest that recurrent bacteriuria, in the absence of some form of obstructive uropathy, rarely produces chronic pyelonephritis. The close association between vesicoureteral reflex and chronic pyelonephritis has also been firmly established and has been observed to occur frequently in the absence of urinary tract infection. However, the mechanism by which vesicoureteral reflux injures the kidney has not been firmly established. A number of observations have suggested that some normal component of urine, particularly Tamm-Horsfall protein, might serve as an antigenic determinant involved in the immunopathogenesis of renal scarring in vesicoureteral reflux. The present studies were designed to investigate the immunopathogenic role of Tamm-Horsfall protein in a rabbit model of tubulointerstitial nephritis, and in a swine model of reflux nephropathy. The immune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with recurrent nephrolithiasis were also examined, as were the antigenic similarities between Tamm-Horsfall protein and protein-containing components of uropathic bacteria. The results of these studies indicate that autoimmune responses to Tamm-Horsfall protein may occur after exposure to Tamm-Horsfall protein by intravenous challenge in rabbits, and by urinary reflux in pigs, as well as in recurrent nephrolithiasis in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6545495 TI - Complement activation in renal disease. AB - Perturbation of the serum complement system in glomerulonephritis can be the result of classical pathway activation by immune complexes or of C3 activation by the C3-C5 convertase stabilized by the C3 nephritic factor. Low C3 levels can also be the result of diminished C3 synthesis and possibly, in certain circumstances, of C3 convertases deposited on capillary walls. In glomerulonephritis the complement profile is helpful in diagnosis, in following the course of therapy and in providing insights into pathogenesis. Complement profiles must be interpreted recognizing that a pattern resembling classical pathway activation can be produced by idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, that hypogammaglobulinemia can reduce Clq levels, and that a primary deficiency of factor H or I or both, will secondarily produce subnormal levels of C3 and factor B. With these caveats, the complement profiles typical of systemic lupus erythematosus, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, acute glomerulonephritis, acquired Cl inhibitor deficiency, and hypocomplementemic vasculitis syndrome are described. PMID- 6545496 TI - Maternal health and child survival rates in Zambia: a comparative community study. PMID- 6545497 TI - Use of antegrade pyelography in the investigation of obstructive uropathy: experience in Zambia. PMID- 6545498 TI - Tuberculosis of the middle ear and mostoid antrum in a child: a case report. PMID- 6545499 TI - Hospital records: records or a science of disease. PMID- 6545500 TI - Pulmonary artery catheterization and hemodynamic monitoring after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 6545501 TI - Bedside evaluation of the jugular venous pulse in the acute care setting. PMID- 6545502 TI - Impedance fluid volume monitoring during intravenous infusion in healthy subjects. PMID- 6545503 TI - Do amygdaloid nucleus centralis and nucleus lateralis serve similar functions in defensive responding in cats? AB - Bar pressing escape response has been trained, extinguished, retrained and then transformed into avoidance response in cats subjected to electrocoagulation of either the dorsolateral part of the central nucleus (Group CE) ox the lateral nucleus (Group L) of amygdala. In comparison with normal carts Group L was deficient in acquisition of the short latency escape responses and Group CE was handicapped in reacquisition of the escape response after the extinction procedure. Both lesioned groups were unable to acquire avoidance responding. Group CE was marked by gradual decrease of the sensitivity to shock in the course of learning, whereas Group L was less sensitive to changes in experimental procedures than the other two groups. However, most of the observed group differences were related to a decrease of sensitivity to shock and to a lowered general emotionality produced by lesions in both amygdaloid nuclei. PMID- 6545504 TI - Habituation of the threatening response in cats and kittens. AB - Modifications of the threatening response occurring in cats and naive kittens were studied during repeated confrontations by a dog. Most of the kittens when confronted by a dog for the first time displayed a threatening response. There was a wide individual variation in the intensity of the first response. In some kittens initial sensitization occurred. With repetition of the confrontations the response waned. Complete habituation of the response in the kittens was achieved after 4 to 15 daily sessions, in adult cats it took from 2 to 47 sessions. In both kittens and adult cats various components, of the threatening response habituated at a different rate. This caused the pattern of the response to change during repetitive confrontations. This out of step habituation of the components has been described with regard to the cardiovascular components of the response (8). It is concluded that the threatening reaction is subject to habituation and that the components of this response may be suppressed independently from the others, thus modifying the pattern of the response. PMID- 6545505 TI - Cerebral hemispheric differences in visual perception of various types of verbal material. AB - Hemispheric differences in perception of various verbal material were sought in two groups of Ss: 10 normal adults (a control group) and 10 patients of the Neurosurgery Clinic with focal brain damage either to the left or right hemisphere. The stimuli were letters projected singly, in three-letter nonsense sequences or in three letter Polish words on a screen in the left or right visual half-field. The results obtained from the control groups indicate that the dominance of the left hemisphere is limited only to the meaningful verbal material. The results obtained from the patients support the first finding and show that this dominance can be cancelled by some left hemisphere damage without influence on the perception of meaningless material. PMID- 6545506 TI - Visual stimulus threshold related to EEG alpha and non-alpha epochs. AB - In humans sitting in darkness with open eyes the presence of EEG alpha and non alpha epochs was detected automatically and the threshold of detection of a dim visual stimulus was measured under both conditions. No differences in threshold were found. However, the reaction times for stimulus detection during alpha epochs were significantly longer than during non-alpha ones. PMID- 6545507 TI - Distribution of the human reaction time measurements. AB - Simple motor reaction time to, visual stimuli in dependence of stimulus intensity was measured and the histograms representing the distribution of reaction time were constructed. It was found that the reaction time distributions are positively skewed for all stimulus intensities used. The mean value, the standard deviation as well as the coefficient of skewness increases as the stimulus intensity decreases. PMID- 6545508 TI - [Surgical correction of accommodative strabismus, a 20-year experience]. PMID- 6545509 TI - [Argon-laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6545510 TI - Acute macular neuroretinopathy. PMID- 6545511 TI - Comparison of the tolerance for dibekacin and gentamicin in the intraocular tissues in the rabbit: a double-blind study. PMID- 6545512 TI - Unexpected diagnoses. PMID- 6545513 TI - Results of a shortened lightness discrimination test. PMID- 6545514 TI - Follow-up after 5 years of trabeculectomies. PMID- 6545515 TI - Surgical treatment of congenital glaucoma. PMID- 6545516 TI - Orbital leiomyoma. PMID- 6545517 TI - Is the site of the tumour important in the prognosis of retinoblastoma? PMID- 6545518 TI - Spielmeyer-Vogt's disease--a case report. PMID- 6545519 TI - Management of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6545520 TI - Polysaccharide precipitation as a model to study sugar binding by lectins: jack fruit seed lectin interaction with galactomannan. PMID- 6545521 TI - Effects of oxygen on ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation in liposomal membrane. PMID- 6545522 TI - Mechanism of oxidative lysis and lipid peroxidation of vitamin E-deficient erythrocytes. PMID- 6545523 TI - Interaction of barbiturates with bimolecular lipid membranes. PMID- 6545525 TI - A simple method for purification of mtDNA. PMID- 6545524 TI - Influence of tranquilisers on ionic permeability of bimolecular lipid membranes. PMID- 6545526 TI - Changes in soluble and insoluble glycoproteins in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. PMID- 6545527 TI - Kinetic studies on glutamate dehydrogenase of Aspergillus ochraceus. PMID- 6545528 TI - Lignocaine induces lithium transport across bimolecular lipid membrane. PMID- 6545529 TI - Mode of biosynthesis of triglycerides in acylated secondary alcoholic hydroxy acid fats. PMID- 6545530 TI - Hydroxy radial involvement in retinol hemolysis of human erythrocytes in vitro. PMID- 6545531 TI - Chlorpromazine dissociates effects of colchicine on metabolism of triglycerides and alkaline phosphatase activity in rat liver. PMID- 6545532 TI - Factor(s) responsible for hepatic lysosomal release in normal and hypercholesterolemic states. PMID- 6545533 TI - Structure-activity relationship studies of neuronal monoamine uptake inhibition of pyridylallylamines. PMID- 6545534 TI - Element analysis of snake venoms using synchrotron radiation. PMID- 6545535 TI - Effect of psychophysical backward masking on human brain-stem responses (ABR). AB - A backward-masking (BWM) paradigm was used to obtain measurements on 4 normal young adults of psychophysical BWM and of the analogous electrophysiological masking from human auditory brain-stem responses. The same stimuli and Ss were used in both experiments. Psychophysical BWM was determined to a 100-musec click masked by a 100-msec white noise after time delays of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 100 msec and at noise masker levels of 50, 65, and 80 db SPL. As previously demonstrated, more psychophysical BWM occurs at short delta ts (1 to 10 msec) than at longer delays and masked thresholds are greater as masker level increases. In the electrophysiological experiment, using delta ts = 1, 5, and 10 msec, the extent to which wave V latency was affected by the following masker was determined for various experimental conditions. Wave V latency increased with a decrease in delta t, for maskers above probe level, except that latency was not significantly affected by any masker level at delta t = 10 msec. PMID- 6545536 TI - Performance on a nonsense syllable test for normal and hearing-impaired subjects. AB - The Nonsense Syllable Test (NST) developed by Edgerton and Danhauer in 1979 was administered to 22 normal-hearing and 26 hearing-impaired Ss. Tape recordings from Auditec of St. Louis were presented at 5 SLs from 25 to 65 db re: SRT. Responses were transcribed phonetically using both auditory and visual cues and were scored by the phoneme method. Interjudge scorer reliability was high (94%). Performance vs level functions were plotted and analyzed for differences both within and among groups. The NST differentiated between the normals and the hearing-impaired Ss. Percent-correct discrimination scores for the hearing impaired Ss were about 10 to 15 points poorer than for the normals. The results were favorably compared to the earlier version of the NST and the potential clinical use of this taped version was discussed. PMID- 6545538 TI - Effects of stimulus level on vocal suppression in neonates. AB - In 4 separate 4-min sessions, the crying behavior was recorded in msec of 45 normal neonates in either a calm or a crying state. In the sessions a random noise (RN) was or was not presented at 60, 70, or 80 db SPL. In the crying state, all Ss cried significantly less during RN than in quiet. The 15 Ss in Grp III cried significantly less to RN at 80 db than the 15 in Grp I at 60 db, while the 15 in Grp II at 70 db was not significantly different from either of the other 2 groups. Thus, vocal suppression occurred even for relatively low-level stimuli and there appears to be a linear relationship between stimulus strength and response strength. In the calm state, All Ss tended to remain calm regardless of stimulus presentation and there were no significant differences across groups. Similar test procedures may improve response reliability and validity in behavioral observation audiometry. PMID- 6545537 TI - Audiological investigation of palatal myoclonus. AB - Palatal myoclonus, the rapid rhythmic contraction of palatal muscles, is a rare neurological disorder with many etiologies. Although most disease processes associated with this disorder affect the cerebellum, the auditory symptoms are often the first clue to diagnosis. Existing literature was reviewed in terms of auditory symptoms, pathophysiology, audiologic diagnostic procedures and rehabilitative strategies. In addition, a case study of a 34-yr-old woman who has had this highly peculiar degenerative disorder for over 20 yrs was described. Implications for appropriate rehabilitation strategies were addressed and the importance of comprehensive management was stressed. PMID- 6545539 TI - The effects of time compression on feature discrimination as a function of age. AB - This study used 30 tape-recorded sentences taken from the Carrow Auditory Visual Abilities Test, then time-compressed by the Lexicon Varispeech II to 50%, in order to investigate age-related changes in auditory discrimination. Each sentence offers one or more phonemic contrasts (manner or place of articulation, voicing, frequency, or some combination). Overall group mean performance was not different between 6-yr-olds (N:14) vs 8-yr-olds (N:20), or between 10-yr-olds (N:16) vs 15 young adults, but the 2 older groups were each significantly better than each of the 2 younger groups. The ontogenetic progression of this auditory processing ability seems to mature in the early part of the second decade of life. Of 5 feature contrasts, only place of articulation was significantly more difficult, for all ages. Of 6 frequency contrasts, only that for high frequencies was significantly more difficult, for all groups, possibly due to an as yet undocumented damping of high frequencies by the time-compression apparatus. PMID- 6545540 TI - Comfortable loudness levels for speech: effects of signal-to-noise ratios and instructions. AB - The effect of S/N from +20 to -10 db on loudness levels of connected discourse with or without background cafeteria noise was investigated for one set of instructions sampling the most comfortable loudness level (MCLL) and a second set sampling the upper limit of CLL. Normal young adults (N:16) showed no significant differences for either set of instructions in quiet or from 20 to 0 db S/N but mn MCLL was about 5 db lower at -10 db. Elderly hearing-aid wearers (N:10, mn age: 77 yrs) yielded mn differences across S/N of less than 5 db for either set of instructions. No data indicate that the speech CLL accurately predicts optimal hearing-aid gain, while the literature indicates that occasionally the desired maximum intelligibility frequently is not obtained at the MCLL. We question whether MCLL for speech justifies its measurement. A discussion is presented of the Comfort Level Method of adjusting gain in hearing-aid evaluations and a perhaps preferable Threshold Level Method in which the test stimulus is presented at a level corresponding to the predicted threshold and the aid's volume control is adjusted until S just perceives the signal. PMID- 6545541 TI - Dementia and family dynamics: clinical research issues. PMID- 6545542 TI - Old parents and middle-aged children: the four- and five-generation family. PMID- 6545543 TI - Group psychotherapy with patients over fifty: an adult development approach. PMID- 6545545 TI - Does sexuality fade over time? A look at the question and the answer. PMID- 6545544 TI - Geriatric sex problems. PMID- 6545546 TI - Intimacy and sexuality in the elderly. Discussion. PMID- 6545547 TI - Clinical perspectives on sexuality in older patients. PMID- 6545548 TI - Ties to family and the need for geriatric care. PMID- 6545549 TI - Countertransference and transference in couple therapy: treating sexual dysfunction in older couples. PMID- 6545553 TI - Quantitative evaluation of selected clinical tests used for differentiation of functional disorders of thyroid gland. PMID- 6545557 TI - [Primary causes of neonatal mortality. Anatomoclinical correlation of 1,000 autopsies]. PMID- 6545558 TI - Treatment of Paget's bone disease with a bisphosphonate. PMID- 6545559 TI - [Uremic toxins. Effect of plasma fractions on the lymphoproliferative response in vitro]. PMID- 6545560 TI - Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Buenos Aires. PMID- 6545561 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and melanoma]. PMID- 6545562 TI - [Homozygous beta thalassemia and death in cardiac insufficiency (anatomoclinical conference)]. PMID- 6545563 TI - [Participation of calcium and parathyroid hormone in skeletal and cardiac muscular injury in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6545564 TI - [Structure and respiratory function of the lung]. PMID- 6545565 TI - [Adrenergic neurons of the ventrolateral region of the bulb: revindication of the "vasomotor center" concept]. PMID- 6545566 TI - [Intermediate filaments as key to the diagnosis of the cellular origin]. PMID- 6545567 TI - [Emesis caused by cytostatics]. PMID- 6545568 TI - [Labrea hepatitis in Salvador, Bahia? (Presentation of a possible case)]. AB - A case of a four-year-old boy from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, with a probable Labrea hepatitis is reported. He ran a rapid course of fever, jaundice, abdominal pain, agitation, coma and death. Histologically, the liver presented widespread hepatic cell lytic and coagulative necrosis, acute fatty changes, mononuclear cell infiltration and cholestasis. The study of the case raises the question whether Labrea hepatitis can occur outside the Amazonian region, or else its clinico-pathological features lack specificity. PMID- 6545569 TI - Plasma selenium and skin neoplasms: a case-control study. AB - Although experimental studies in animals show that selenium may prevent cancer, case-control studies of internal human cancers have been difficult to interpret because neoplastic tissue sequesters selenium. We therefore conducted a case control study to examine the association between plasma selenium level and skin cancer, a neoplasm with minimal tumor mass at the time of diagnosis. The mean selenium level among patients with either basal cell epithelioma (N = 142), squamous cell carcinoma (N = 48), or both (N = 50), was 0.141 micrograms/g. This was significantly lower than the mean plasma selenium level of the 103 control subjects, which was 0.155 micrograms/g. The noncancer control groups were drawn from current clinic patients and past clinic patients. The logistic estimate of the odds ratio for the lowest versus the highest decile of selenium for all cases combined versus the group of current patient controls was 4.39; for all cases combined versus the past patient controls, the logistic estimate of the odds ratio was 5.81. PMID- 6545570 TI - Influence of vitamin A on cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ. AB - A case-control study was undertaken to determine the dietary intake of vitamin A in women having abnormal uterocervical cytology. The study groups (87 cases and 82 controls) were drawn from a population of women who received a screening Pap test in the ambulatory health care section of a large municipal hospital center. A subset of cases (with abnormal cytology) were matched to controls for age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and parity. Nutrient intake and retinol binding protein concentrations were determined; epidemiological data were also obtained. It was found that the subset of cases with severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS) were more likely to have a total dietary vitamin A intake below the pooled median (3,450 IU) and/or a beta-carotene intake below the pooled median (2,072 IU) than were normal controls (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.025, respectively). Odds ratios revealed approximately a 3-fold greater risk for severe dysplasia or CIS in women with lowered vitamin A or beta-carotene intake. In addition, retinol binding protein was either absent or undetectable in 78.8% of the dysplastic tissue samples, versus 23.5% of the normal tissue samples (p less than 0.005). PMID- 6545571 TI - A hypothesis for dietary components as blocking agents of chemical carcinogenesis: plant phenolics and pyrrole pigments. AB - Initiation of chemical carcinogenesis involves the intracellular formation of a highly reactive electrophile that can attack many chemical nucleophiles in the cell, including DNA, a process that seems to be the central mechanism of initiation. Competing chemical nucleophiles in the cell, such as endogenous glutathione, can act as protecting or blocking agents against the attack on DNA. There are chemical substances in our food supply that may act as anticarcinogens or antimutagens by blocking or trapping ultimate-carcinogen electrophiles in a nucleophilic chemical reaction, to form innocuous products. A continuous input of these substances could serve as an additional buffer against DNA damage, supplementing the natural systems qualitatively and quantitatively. Certain plant phenolics can be effective inhibitors of chemical mutagens and/or carcinogens. Certain tetrapyrroles and porphyrins, both plant and animal, can also act as blocking agents. Both plant phenolics and porphyrins are primarily active against aromatic carcinogens. They are unlikely to be effective as blocking agents against nonaromatic carcinogens, or those with no aromatic groups in close proximity to the ultimate-carcinogen electrophilic group. PMID- 6545573 TI - Effect of rice and salty rice diets on the structure of mouse stomach. AB - The effect of rice and salty rice diets on stomach morphology was investigated in Swiss/ICR mice. Mice were fed rice, salty rice, or standard pellet diets for 3-12 months, starting when the mice were 4 weeks of age. Long-term maintenance on the rice or salty rice diet increased the dimension and wet weight of the forestomach and decreased the same parameters of the glandular stomach. Similar bidirectional changes of the forestomach (hypertrophy) and glandular stomach (atrophy) were produced by hydrocortisone treatment. Histological study showed that a reduction in the parietal cell population accounted for the regression of the glandular stomach in both cases. Evidence is presented to suggest that an excess of carbohydrate and sodium chloride combined with a deficiency of fat and protein produced steroidal disorders that in turn gave rise to hyperplasia of the forestomach and atrophy of the glandular stomach of the mice. Possible impact of the above findings on the genesis of human gastric cancer is discussed in relation to the metabolic competence of the host animals to synthesize vitamin C. PMID- 6545572 TI - Dietary fat and cecal microbial activity in the rat. AB - Weanling rats were fed low-fat (1% w/w safflower oil) or high-fat (1% w/w safflower oil plus 35% w/w beef fat or cocoa butter) diets for 30 days, and the activities of five cecal microbial enzymes were determined. When compared with the low-fat diet, beef fat significantly increased total cecal beta-glucuronidase activity, but cocoa butter, with a similar fatty acid composition, did not. Both high-fat diets significantly decreased total cecal azoreductase, beta glucosidase, and nitrate reductase activities, but neither significantly affected urease activity. When expressed as specific activities (per 10(11) bacteria), cocoa butter decreased azoreductase, and beef fat caused increases of beta glucuronidase and urease. Beef fat, but not cocoa butter, significantly reduced cecal bacterial numbers when compared to the low-fat diet. Both high-fat diets led to equivalent reductions in the proportion of aerobic bacteria. PMID- 6545575 TI - Mutagenic activity of nitrosated foods in an area with a high risk for stomach cancer. AB - In a search for possible sources of mutagens in human foods, a study was made of six common foods in the diet of a population at high risk for gastric cancer (in Narino, Colombia). No mutagenic activity was demonstrated in nonnitrosated foods. After nitrosation, only one of the foods, fava beans, demonstrated a mutagenic effect. This effect was direct and concentrated in the germ and pulp of the beans. PMID- 6545574 TI - Abundance of dimethylamine in seafoods: possible implications in the incidence of human cancer. AB - Levels of secondary and primary amines in various squids and other seafoods were determined by the newly developed dabsylation-HPLC method. Ammonia and dimethylamine were found in all of the seafoods analyzed, and some of them also contained methylamine, isobutylamine, ethylamine, and/or diethylamine. Extremely high levels of dimethylamine and methylamine were detected in all squids analyzed and in certain other seafoods. Very high activity of trimethylamine oxidase was observed in fresh squid tissue. Pyrolysis of sarcosine HCl and trimethylamine HCl yielded high levels of dimethylamine and methylamine. Various cooking conditions (extracting, frying, and broiling) had profound effects on amine content. Broiling was found to elevate the amine contents in most seafoods. PMID- 6545576 TI - Vitamin B6 status in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix. AB - The activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in erythrocytes with and without the addition of pyridoxal phosphate were determined in healthy controls and in Indian women with cancer of the uterine cervix. The percent stimulation of the erythrocyte transferases as a result of the addition of pyridoxal phosphate was negligible in the case of normal subjects (less than 5% stimulation). In the patients with cervical cancer, a 23-35% stimulation was observed, indicating a deficiency of vitamin B6. It is not yet known whether the deficiency is the cause of the disease or due to the tumor. PMID- 6545577 TI - The role of selected dietary elements in breast cancer risk among native and migrant populations in Poland. AB - Breast cancer incidence was analyzed for natives of Upper Silesia, Poland, and for migrants to this region, to determine its relationship with the consumption of roasted and boiled meat, fat, salt, and raw vegetables. No significant associations were found. PMID- 6545578 TI - Statistical analyses on the pattern of food consumption and digestive-tract cancers in Japan. AB - The relationships between areal differences in mortality from six digestive-tract cancers and consumption of selected foods in 46 of the 47 Japanese prefectures (Okinawa being excluded) were analyzed. Statistical analyses disclosed that the groups of foods positively associated with cancer death were as follows: for esophageal cancer, pork, oil, popular-grade sake, and green tea; for stomach cancer, fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt, and special-grade sake; for colon cancer, bread, milk, butter, margarine, ketchup, beer, and salted or dried fish; for rectal cancer, fresh fish, salted or dried fish, salt, and popular-grade sake; for cancer of the biliary passages, pork, popular-grade sake, and green tea; and for pancreatic cancer, oil, mayonnaise, fresh fish, and salted or dried fish. These results are based on statistical analyses. Further epidemiological analyses are required to find a biological causal relationship. PMID- 6545580 TI - Carcinogens and mutagens present as natural components of food or induced by cooking. PMID- 6545579 TI - High-fat diet promotes and causes distal shift of experimental rat colonic cancer -beer and alcohol do not. AB - Intestinal cancer was induced in inbred male D/A rats by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, and the interrelationships between a high-fat (33.5% w/w) diet, beer and alcohol (4.8% v/v) ingestion, and tumor location and incidence were examined. The number of tumors per animal was significantly greater in both the small and large intestines of rats on the high-fat diet, as opposed to the standard diet. The 6 fold increase in incidence of colorectal cancer occurred almost exclusively in the distal half of the large bowel; i.e., there was a highly significant (p less than 0.005) shift, similar to that seen in man in countries adopting high-fat Western-type diets. Neither alcohol nor beer ingestion affected the incidence of intestinal cancers, but beer was associated with a more distal distribution of small-intestinal cancers in animals on the high-fat diet. However, this was not considered sufficient evidence for any material effect of beer on experimental intestinal carcinogenesis. PMID- 6545581 TI - Turnover of [14C]thiamin and activities of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes in tissues of mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. AB - Turnover of [14C]thiamin was studied in mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma fed a thiamin-deficient diet and injected with 5 or 2 micrograms/mouse of the labeled vitamin. The process of conversion of [14C]thiamin to thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) was monitored by measuring the activities of transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. The amount of coenzyme-unsaturated apotransketolase was assessed by measuring the TPP effect--determining transketolase activity with and without the addition of TPP in vitro. Tumor growth was accompanied by thiamin deficiency, manifested in an increase in [14C]thiamin incorporation into the host tissues and the absence of saturation of the tissues with the labeled vitamin over 13 days. Increased values for the turnover coefficients, reduction of thiamin-dependent enzyme activities, elevation of the TPP effect, and a decrease in urinary excretion of the radioactive products also provided evidence for a disturbance in thiamin metabolism. The severity of the disturbance in thiamin metabolism during malignant tumor growth was directly related to the dose of the exogenous vitamin. PMID- 6545582 TI - Public health policy on diet, nutrition, and cancer. PMID- 6545583 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux update]. AB - Authors describe importance of anatomical and functional factors in ethiopatogenesis of G.E.R., diagnostic iter and methods. Importance of 24-hour computerized pH-metry in pediatric age is particularly stressed out. Medical and surgical therapeutic procedures are emphasized. PMID- 6545584 TI - [Treatment of thalassemia]. AB - The management of Cooley's anemia today is based on: a careful transfusional therapy using international schedules with standardized parameters for evaluating its efficacy; prevention of iron overload improving the compliance for chelation therapy; blood transfusion with the optimal methods to prevent reactions mainly due to leukocytes; psychosocial and clinical approach of adolescent's problems. PMID- 6545585 TI - [Critical evaluation of the causes of death in thalassemic subjects]. AB - We discuss 25 cases of death observed from 1971 to 1983 in a casistic of 155 patients with Thalassaemic Syndrome. Anemia as a cause of death is disappearing, new triggers are involved such as Yersinia Enterocolitica who can cause severe sepsis even in non-splenectomized patients. Iron overload appears to be the most severe complication in the second decade. PMID- 6545586 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic findings on diabetic complications in thalassemia]. AB - We describe 6 patients with thalassaemia major who developed diabetes. Etiopathogenesis, poor metabolic control, previous transfusion and chelation regimens are discussed. Antiaggregant therapy with A.S.A. and Dipiridamole may play a role in these patients for preventing thrombotic risk. PMID- 6545587 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies in the 1st and 2nd pregnancy trimesters]. AB - Fetal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies, mainly thalassaemia, is widely used for the prevention of these diseases. Since 1975 fetal diagnosis has been carried out in the second trimester of pregnancy (18th - 22th week) on fetal blood samples obtained by fetoscopy or placentocentesis. The biochemical technique most commonly employed has been represented by carboxymethylcellulose chromatography and more recently in our center by isoelectric focusing of haemoglobins which is a faster and cheaper technique. First-trimester fetal diagnosis is now feasible by DNA analysis on chorionic villi. The Milan center experience in second trimester fetal diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies on more than 300 cases and the preliminary data on first trimester diagnosis are reported. PMID- 6545588 TI - [Blood gas analysis and evaluation of pulmonary functional damage in bronchiolitis]. AB - 212 Sucklings affected with bronchiolitis were evaluated monitoring values of haematic gases and acid-base balance. The patients were differentiated in three groups: Hypoxemia--Hypercapnia (3.7%). Hypoxemia--Normocapnia (38.2%). Normoxemia -Hypocapnia (58.1%). Metabolic acidosis was detected in 55.1% of cases. The different value of haematic gases was correlated with entity of the pulmonary functional damage. PMID- 6545589 TI - [Biochemical monitoring of the insufficient systemic perfusion in bronchiolitis]. AB - Biochemical monitoring was performed on 113 sucklings affected with bronchiolitis in order to evaluate early onset of insufficient systemic perfusion. Values of haematic lactate, GPT and CPK levels in the serum, partial tension of haematic gases were evaluated on first day of hospitalization. Haemogasanalytic monitoring made it possible to differentiate two groups of infants: 21 patients with hypoxemia and 92 patients with normoxemia. Monitoring of lactatemia, CPK and GPT activity evidenced following values: hyperlactemia (66.6%), increased CPK levels (47.6%), increased GPT levels (14.2%) in the group of infants with hypoxemia. Hyperlactemia (55.4%), increased CPK levels (62%), increased GPT levels (19.5%) in the group of patients with normoxemia. These findings show no significant difference between the two groups and frequent occurrence of tissular hypoxia attributable to insufficient systemic perfusion. Moreover the results of such biochemical monitoring permit precise indication about appropriate treatment. PMID- 6545591 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of ceftriaxone in childhood]. AB - Between the years 1981 and 1983 we treated with Ceftriaxone (Cx) 34 children- aged 15 days to 13 years--affected with serious infections: 18 infections of lower respiratory tract, 1 sepsis caused by E. Coli, 1 meningitis with cloudy cerebrospinal fluid, 1 submandibular adenitis with otitis, 1 otitis, 12 infections of the urinary tract caused by Proteus mirabilis, E. Coli, Klebsiella oxitocica and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Whenever bacteria were isolated by cultures, sensibility in vitro to Cx was tested. Cx was given i.m. or i.v. at a dose ranging from 50 to 135 mg/Kg/die according to the age and the seriousness of the infections; in 17 children Cx was administered once daily, in the other patients in two divided doses. The following laboratory measurements were obtained before, during and after treatment: complete blood cell count, platelet count, total bilirubin, creatinine, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and urinalysis. Patients were also monitored daily for clinical signs and symptoms such as fever, general conditions, heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure. Twenty children showed a good clinical response (1 sepsis, 1 otitis, 1 adenitis, 1 meningitis, 12 infections of the urinary tract, 4 infections of the lower respiratory tract); urine sterilization was achieved after three days of therapy in all patients with infections of the urinary tract. Remarkable clinical and radiological improvement in 9 patients with infections of lower respiratory tract was observed while in only 4 children with bronchopneumonia therapy was ineffective although the dosage of Cx was adeguate; in these patients a further antibiotic treatment was necessary for a complete recovery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6545590 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in childhood. Various clinical findings on 3 cases]. PMID- 6545592 TI - [Exogenous and endogenous gastric secretion in children with primary duodenal ulcer]. AB - Twelve cases of duodenal ulcer were studied in children, 11 male and 1 female (mean age 10 +/- 2.7 years) (mean weight 30 +/- 3.7 Kg.) (Group 1). All were submitted to x-ray examination and/or digestive endoscopy. Twenty healty children, matched by weight, age and sex were chosen as controls (Group 2). All children underwent a standardizet protein meal to evaluate serum gastrin and pepsinogen I response and the pentagastrin test for gastric acid secretion. The serum gastrin levels were found to be without significative differences in the two groups, both in the fasting state (Group 1: 77 +/- 16 pg/ml vs. Group 2: 58 +/- 12 pg/ml) and after food stimulation (Group 1: 110 +/- 22 pg/ml vs. Group 2: 88 +/- 47 pg/ml), whereas the basal serum pepsinogen I (Group 1: 74 +/- 10 ng/ml vs. Group 2: 43 +/- 1.8 ng/ml) and after meal (Group 1: 83 +/- 14 ng/ml vs. Group 2: 49 +/- 2.1 ng/ml) values were statistically higher in the duodenal ulcer group (p less than 0.01). The pentagastrin test showed a statistically difference in MAO (Group 1: 0.370 +/- 0.10 mmol/H+/hr./Kg. vs. Group 2: 0.210 +/- 0.11 mmol/H+/hr./Kg. - p less than 0.001) and PAO (Group 1: 0.480 +/- 0.13 mmol/H+/hr./Kg. vs. Group 2: 0.351 +/- 0.12 mmol/H+/hr./Kg. - p less than 0.005) between the groups. The results confirm that elevated gastric acid response is already present in duodenal ulcer of children and seems to be its cause rather than its consequence. Our finding of an already reported family histories of the disease, further support an inherited basis for duodenal ulcer in children. PMID- 6545594 TI - [Study of cardiac arrhythmias in the healthy newborn infant]. AB - Of 426 infants born at the end of a regular pregnancy and delivery, which are apparently in good health, thirteen, showed cardiac arrhythmias (atrial, supraventricular, ventricular premature beats, and parasistole) on a standard E.C.G. and on a unique lead (DII carried out in the first 24 hours of life. This study points out the rise of disorders of the rhythm in healthy newborn infants and suggest further prospectives of research in the natural history of arrhythmias. Furthermore it underlines as the neonatal electrocardiography, simple and non invasive procedure, could be a good help in comparison with the screenings of the newborn. In all cases we have noticed the spontaneous resolution of arrhythmias the second week of life. PMID- 6545593 TI - [Combination of oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan) with intermittent catheterization in the treatment of neurogenic bladder in childhood: results on continence]. AB - Nowadays Intermittent Catheterization (I.C.) is considered the treatment of choice in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction, because of its easy handling and good results. Renal function preservation, urinary tract infections prevention and continence can be achieved by this method. In particular, I.C. per se improves continence quality in many cases, but, in the majority of them the best results can be obtained by drug therapy addition, having in mind a more direct action on to detrusor compliance and/or bladder neck tone. Oxybutynin Chloride (Ditropan)(-) is the first choice drug, even in childhood, in cases of neurogenic bladder dysfunction, for its anticholinergic, antispastic and analgesic properties. From 1978, 48 children with neurogenic bladder have been treated by I.C. Out of them, 27 have had drug therapy (Oxybutynin Chloride Ditropan) in addition to I.C., according to indications of clinical, radiologic and urodynamics findings. Results on continence are discussed. PMID- 6545595 TI - [Critical evaluation of changes of serum CK after exertion in the identification of carriers of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy]. AB - Serum creatine kinase activity is the most useful test for Duchenne muscular dystrophy carrier detection, but only in 50-80% the carriers do have increased serum creatine kinase activity. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of post exercise serum creatine kinase activity in identifying Duchenne muscular dystrophy carriers we did determine it in normal and possible Duchenne muscular distrophy carrier women. Creatine kinase activity was determined in basal conditions and at predetermined time intervals up to 10 hours after a constant exercise on a cycloergometer. Statistical analysis included: Fisher test on basal values; percent increase, difference between maximum and minimum values, absolute value after 8 hours and b coefficient of linear regression. Accuracy and sensitivity were evaluated for some of the data. Our results suggest that the activity of serum creatine kinase 8 hours after a quantified exercise can be useful to detect Duchenne muscular dystrophy carriers when basal activity is normal. PMID- 6545596 TI - [Clinical manifestations of spasmophilia in developing age]. AB - 82 children (47 male and 35 female), aged between 2 and 12 years, with signs and symptoms consistent with spasmophilia, were investigated with an emg technique to better define boundaries of tetanic syndrome. In all subjects an ischaemic test was performed to the upper limb and the spontaneous emg activity from thenar eminence was recorded both during and after ischaemia. Moreover a clinical examination, with particular attention to objective signs of spasmophilia, were performed and serum electrolytes determined. Electromyographic spontaneous activity was noticed in 46 children (24 female, 22 male), 31 of them were hypocalcemic. The frequency of the various clinical manifestations is reported and correlated with emg and humoral findings. Significant difference between sexes in the incidence of tetanic syndrome where not noticed. More frequent symptoms for spasmophilia are tensive headache and cramps, abdominal spasms, psycomotos instability and anxiety; Chvostek's sign is frequent but no specific. The other symptoms assume relevance only if present in association. The role of electromyographic criteria in the detection of tetanic syndrome is stressed. PMID- 6545597 TI - [Retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of Alagille's syndrome]. AB - The present report deals with an 11-year-old boy affected by Alagille's Syndrome. He presented hepatic ductular hypoplasia without any other associated malformation and with forward evolution to cirrhosis. The diagnosis was made by hepatobiliary scanning with Tc99 HIDA and by Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), because it was impossible to execute liver biopsy. PMID- 6545598 TI - ["Dense deposits" glomerulonephritis: description of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of "dense deposits" glomerulonephritis in a girl who showed the first symptoms of asintomatic microhematuria at the age of 3 years during an ambulatorial examination which had been requested from her family doctor. After 1 year and 10 months the girl has been hospitalized and during her stay in the hospital it appeared that she still suffered of microhematuria with very low levels of serum complement. Being these results the same after the various check-ups made after her dismission from the hospital it has been decided to execute a renal biopsy, comprehending also the examination with an electronic microscopy which showed intramembranous "dense deposits" glomerulonephritis. In literature no similar cases under 4 years of age are reported. PMID- 6545599 TI - [Pathogenesis of atresia of the pylorus in patients with epidermolysis bullosa]. AB - A new case of pyloric atresia associated with epidermolysis bullosa was observed. To our knowledge seventeen other cases of this condition have been previously reported, five of these also presented aplasia cutis congenita. Although there is no clear agreement as to which type of epidermolysis is associated, junctional bullous epidermatosis is the most commonly reported form. This is unlikely to be a chance association, since both are extremely rare and autosomal recessive hereditary conditions. Some authors have proposed a pleiotropic effect of a single gene or autosomal recessive, with close gene linkage, inheritance of these two conditions. After careful consideration of the various pathogenetic hypotheses, we conclude that epidermolysis, even when non in the scarring form, may be responsible for pyloric atresia. PMID- 6545601 TI - [Intrauterine torsion of the spermatic cord]. AB - A case is reported of intrauterine spermatic cord torsion. The authors underline the necessity for checking infants' genitalia carefully during postpartum examination. Spermatic cord torsion, during intrauterine life, often involves both testes and therefore early treatment must be initiated to avoid functional anorchia. PMID- 6545600 TI - [Extreme degree familial hypobetalipoproteinemia caused by hypothetic double heterozygosity in a subject with severe mental deficiency]. AB - We described the case of an adult male patient, seriously mentally deficient, hospitalised in Psychiatric Hospital for a period of many years, suffering from a familial hypobetalipoproteinemia with extremely low levels of plasmatic betalipoproteins. The patient has been followed and tested several times over a period of six years. Numerous members of his family, which is part of a restricted ethnic nucleus in a locality (Iolo) of the Comune of Prato in the Provincia of Florence, were examined and tested too. Consanguinity between his parents is not demonstrable. The diagnosis of homozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia is discarded, but it does not seem that the heterozygous one is to be accepted as weel. On the ground of the existence of two syndromes which are quite unlike each other, but both explainable as form of familial heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia, one of them present in his father, the other one in his mother and in the maternal relatives as in the patient's brother respectively, a hypothesis of a double heterozygosis could be formulated. Extant is the support of the recent literature data, depending on them the possibility of making the hypothesis of a multiplicity of the genes regulating the apolipoprotein B synthesis. We do not exclude that the peculiarity of the event of a double heterozygosis can also be directly responsible of the patient's serious mental deficiency, being at the same time more supportable the hypothesis of a encephalopathy in his early childhood. PMID- 6545602 TI - [Acute pancreatitis associated with a calculosis of the gallbladder in childhood. Review of the literature and personal experience]. AB - The authors present a case of a thirteen year old girl with acute hemorrhagic pancreatis and cholelithiasis. They show the rarity of this pathology in children underlaying the difficulty of an early diagnosis emphasizing the lack of specific symptoms with the exception of an increase of amylase in the saliva and in the serum, the only laboratory data. Moreover, they underlay a more favourable prognosis in children than in adults. PMID- 6545603 TI - [A case of primary chronic osteomyelitis in a rare site (distal metaphysis of the radius)]. AB - A case of chronic primitive osteomyelitis (Brodie's abscess) in a little girl twelve years old, is reported. Clinical symptomatology, radiologic feature and pathological anatomy are typical of this disease. Peculiar is the uncommon localization at the distal metaphysis of radius, whose frequency is of 1.6% on 181 cases related by Rizzoli Institute of Bologna (Italy) which have largest casuistry on the subject, within fifty years. PMID- 6545604 TI - [A case of Jaffe-Lichtenstein fibrous dysplasia. Etiopathogenetic findings]. AB - The AA. report a case of Jaffe-Lichthenstein Fibrous Dysplasy, a relatively rare syndrome whose aetiopathogenesis is still discussed. Blood laboratory data of the patient and of his family suggest a genetic background on the upon mentioned syndrome. PMID- 6545605 TI - [Acquired double pylorus. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6545606 TI - [Diagnostic value of double contrast in radiological exploration of the duodenum]. PMID- 6545607 TI - [Case of ileocolitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica. Discussion on the radiological aspect]. PMID- 6545608 TI - [Iatrogenic renal arteriovenous fistula: therapeutic embolization]. PMID- 6545609 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta and pheochromocytoma. X-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 6545610 TI - [Radiological evaluation of the state of hydration in uremic patients under periodic dialysis]. AB - Seventy-four uremic patients in chronic hemodialysis were studied by X-ray of the thorax before and after the same dialysis. Radiological signs and variables (originally proposed by Milne) related to hemodynamics of pulmonary and systemic circulation were evaluated in relation to fluid subtraction. The study demonstrated the high sensitivity and the clinical value of thoracic radiography in the follow-up of these patients and particularly in the evaluation of fluid overload. PMID- 6545611 TI - [Bone changes in homocystinuria in childhood]. AB - Homocystinuria due to cystathionine synthase deficiency is an autosomal recessive error of sulphur amino acid metabolism characterized clinically by lens dislocation, mental retardation, skeletal abnormalities and thromboembolic phenomena. We have evaluated roentgenologically our series of 12 pediatric homocystinuric patients to detect skeletal abnormalities. Bone changes are widespread and occur mainly in dorsolumbar spine and in epi-metaphyseal growth areas. Osteoporosis is the most important finding. Dolichostenomelia and arachnodactily are relatively common. Calcific spicules occur frequently in the wrist physes. PMID- 6545612 TI - [Reactive lymphoreticular hyperplasia or pseudolymphoma of the stomach]. AB - Three cases of reactive lymphoreticular hyperplasia of the stomach (pseudolymphoma) are reported. The histogenesis and the radio-endoscopic aspects are illustrated and the differential diagnosis with the malignant lymphoma and the early cancer is discussed. In each case the radiological examination has shown a granular aspect in the mucosal circonferential area (moth eaten sign) with erosions and multiple ulcers (in two cases). PMID- 6545613 TI - [Morphological lesions of the choledochus studied with combined percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and hypotonic duodenography]. AB - Twenty two patients obstructive jaundice were investigated by combined fine needle percutaneous cholangiography and hypotonic duodenography. The association of the two techniques enables prompt localization of the site of obstruction and definition of the nature of the lesion. It proves to be of particular use in the differential diagnosis of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, carcinoma of the distal choledochus and carcinoma of the socalled choledochoduodenal junction. PMID- 6545614 TI - [Functional stenosis of the urethra in girls]. AB - The authors studied 24 girls with distal urethral narrowing at voiding cystourethrography. Their observation seem to confirm that the distal urethral stenosis is generally functional, because often an anatomical obstruction can not be detected with the bougie a boule calibration. The urodynamic and urovideocystographic methods of study allow to differentiate three types of functional urethral stenosis that are not detectable with the radiologic examination alone. The physiopathologic mechanism of the obstruction is the condition for a successful pharmacologic treatment of these small girls. PMID- 6545615 TI - [Aneurysms of the splenic artery. Considerations on 33 cases]. AB - After a short historical, pathogenetic and clinical review, the value of the radiological examinations in the diagnosis of splenic artery aneurysms is analyzed. A personal series of 33 cases is reported, 25 of which in patients with portal hypertension; incidence, number, site, size and other features are discussed. The strict relationships with portal hypertension and the choice of the best surgical treatment for each case are studied. PMID- 6545616 TI - [Dosimetric study in vivo, using a computer, of Co-60 irradiation of patients with breast prosthesis made of silicone]. AB - This work studies the dose distribution through the chest wall in radiation therapy after mammary reconstruction with silicone prostheses. TLD experimental dosimetry has been done on patient with silicone prostheses, on patient without prostheses and on Alderson phantom. Various conditions of treatment have been theorically simulated on a computer. At least authors show the results evaluating the dose distribution through the chest wall, the skin and the local complications. PMID- 6545617 TI - [Solitary cysts of the calcaneus with inclusion]. PMID- 6545619 TI - [The double pylorus. Comparison of 2 cases associated with benign ulcer and l case associated with ulcerated carcinoma]. PMID- 6545618 TI - [Radiological aspects of a case of rickets during therapy with anticonvulsant agents]. PMID- 6545620 TI - [Local effects of the external secretions of Sphaerobothria hoffmanni (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Costa Rica]. AB - The local effects induced as a consequence of applications of four external secretions from the spider Sphaerobothria hoffmanni were recorded. Macroscopic lesions were not found; the only local effect microscopically observed was a weak necrosis in the skeletal muscle in mice. PMID- 6545621 TI - [Determination of organochlorine insecticides in human milk in Costa Rica]. AB - DDT and DDE were detected in the milk of 51 nursing mothers in Costa Rica. In the provinces of Puntarenas, Guanacaste and Limon, where a campaign against malaria took place during the last three decades and where crops are intensively sprayed, the amount of total DDT ranges from 0.12 to 2.60 ppm (mean 1.27 ppm), comparatively, the data of total DDT yielded an average of 0.11 ppm (range 0.01 1.22 ppm) in the provinces of San Jose, Heredia and Cartago, not so intensively exposed to pesticides. Higher concentrations of the metabolite DDE in 100% of the samples indicated chronic contaminations. PMID- 6545622 TI - [Karyotype study of 5 species of Costa Rican snakes of the colubrid family]. AB - The karyotypes of five species of colubrid snakes from Costa Rica are as follows: Imantodes cenchoa and Drymobius margaritiferus have a diploid number of 36, with 16 macro- and 20 microchromosomes. The fourth pair is heteromorphic in females of I. cenchoa, with a metacentric Z and a submetacentric W chromosomes. Karyotypes of Erythrolampius bizonus and Leimadophis epinephalus have 28 chromosomes, without a clearcut separation between macro- and microchromosomes. In the case of E. bizomus, the fourth pair contains the sex chromosomes Z and W, both are submetacentric, but the W is smaller. Xenedon rabdocephalus has a diploid number of 34 chromosomes (22 macro- and 12 microchromosomes); pair 3 is heteromorphic in females, with a submetacentric Z and a smaller metacentric W. The karyotype of X. rabdocephalus may be derived from a primitive karyotype by means of reduction in the number of microchromosomes and centric fissions of two pairs of metacentric autosomes. PMID- 6545623 TI - [Rotavirus and Campylobacter fetus jejuni associated with an outbreak of diarrhea in calves]. AB - Rotaviruses and Campylobacter fetus jejuni are ubiquitous agents of diarrheal disease in animals and humans. Under natural conditions they do not seem to cross inter-species barriers; a zoonosis has not been documented for man. However, animal rotaviruses might contribute to the emergence of new reassortment strains in view of their segmented genome, and thus, produce new antigenic variants. On the contrary, Campylobacter fetus jejuni produces a true zoonosis. Man acquires bacilli by ingesting water and foodstuffs contaminated with feces from infected animals. In an outbreak of diarrhea in 22 calves, rotavirus was detected in 8 (36%) and Campylobacter in 6 (27%). Three (14%) calves experienced double infection. There were no human cases involved in this outbreak. PMID- 6545624 TI - Dizzy medical writing: Part II. PMID- 6545625 TI - [Experimental study on a new total shoulder prosthesis (constrained type)]. PMID- 6545626 TI - [Afferent connections to the thalamic centromedian nucleus in the cat as studied by the retrograde axonal transport techniques of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)]. PMID- 6545627 TI - On the effect of the discrete nature of the photoelectric emission in the thermoluminescence measurements (pulse counting method). AB - The discrete nature of the photoelectric emission cannot be neglected at low reading levels. The effect of A/D conversion after photomultiplication were both calculated and measured. The reading and its standard deviation were considerably different from those expected on the basis of a simple Poisson distribution and this should be taken into account at low reading levels. The authors describe a simple method which permits the experimental determination of photoelectron/digit conversion factor necessary for the prediction of the variation coefficient of TL measurements. PMID- 6545628 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of viability of bull sperm cells. AB - Fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide double fluorescence labeling of animal sperm cells in combination with 55 degrees C treatment for 15 min was used to monitor the viability and heat tolerance of sperm cells by flow cytometry. The applicability of the elaborated test to detect fertility differences has been shown on sperm samples obtained from bulls of known fertility values. According to preliminary examinations the method seems to be suitable to test the fertility of other male animals, too. The simplicity of the relatively quick procedure may provide a new screening method to qualify male animals before using their semen for large scale artificial insemination. PMID- 6545629 TI - Long time stability of purple membranes from Halobacterium halobium. AB - The fast component of the electrical signal and the light absorption signals at different resolution times (at lambda = 408 nm) in an untreated purple membrane suspension were measured in order to study the stability of purple membrane fragments. It has been established that there is no change in the rate constants of L----M and M----O transitions of the photocycle in either the electrical or the light absorption signals of purple membrane suspension kept at 4 degrees C for up to 40 days. Moreover, also the amplitudes of the I (negative) and II (positive) components of the electrical signal remained unchanged during this period. PMID- 6545630 TI - New trends in studying slow diffusion processes of the cytoplasmic membrane components. PMID- 6545631 TI - Delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence of flavomononucleotide stabilized by poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix. AB - Phosphorescence spectra at 103 K and delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra at 296 K of flavomononucleotide (FMN) stabilized by poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA matrix have been measured. At 103 K the FMN monomer and excimer exhibit phosphorescence bands at about 620 and 640 nm, respectively. At 295 K the delayed fluorescence and phosphorescence of the FMN excimer exist together, revealing that FMN in the excited triplet state is an energetically well-isolated molecular complex which may play an important role in photobiological reactions. PMID- 6545632 TI - Delayed fluorescence of the flavomononucleotide complex. AB - Long-lived emission spectra and delayed fluorescence decay curves of flavomononucleotide (FMN) in poly(vinyl alcohol) film (PVA) at room temperature were measured. Pulsed N2-laser excitation was used. It was found that the FMN complexes stabilized by PVA matrix show delayed fluorescence (band at about 540 nm) and phosphorescence (band at about 640 nm). The decay curves of the delayed fluorescence are two-exponential with decay times tau 1 = 62 +/- 1 ms and tau 2 = 15 +/- 1 ms. PMID- 6545633 TI - Morphological comparison of synaptosome preparations (short communication). PMID- 6545634 TI - Intermediate and zigzag (electronic) states (IS and ZZS) and quantum size effects (QSE) in finite crystals and biopolymers: proposals for experiments (short communication). PMID- 6545635 TI - The effect of external sodium on ouabain-insensitive K influx in fresh human red blood cells. AB - The rate of 42K influx was investigated at various external sodium and ouabain concentrations in human red blood cells. In agreement with earlier reports, in red blood cells not treated with ouabain, Na did not affect K influx when [K]0 was 5.0 mM while it reduced the influx at [K]0 = 0.15 mM. However, Na stimulated 42K influx at both 5.0 mM and 0.15 mM in cells treated with ouabain (1 X 10(-5) M). When external Na concentration was raised from 0 to 72 mM the rate of 42K influx increased at [K]0 = 0.15 mM and at ouabain = 1 X 10(-5) M. The effect of external Na at different ouabain concentrations showed that K influx was inhibited by Na without or with ouabain in less than 5 X 10(-6) M while an increased K influx could be observed with higher ouabain concentrations in the incubation media. The results suggest that in the case of the complete inhibition of ouabain-sensitive K influx the electrochemical gradient of the Na ions may serve as a driving force for the inward movement of potassium. PMID- 6545636 TI - Estimation of zinc and other trace elements in the nails of Hungarian adult twin pairs by neutron activation analysis. AB - Nail samples of 157 adult Hungarian twin pairs were examined for different trace elements by neutron activation analysis. Comparing the within-pair-concordance for zinc contents of the twins of different zygosity, a much higher concordance in monozygotes than in dizygotes was observed. The authors suggest the idea that the zinc content in the human organism, at least in some organs, may be genetically controlled. PMID- 6545637 TI - Temperature dependence of ATP release from "caged" ATP. AB - The ATP release from "caged" ATP by laser flash was determined at different temperatures and pH values. We measured the time resolved absorbance changes of the coloured intermediate, which is involved in the photolytic process. The linearity of the Arrhenius curves suppose only one process and the calculated activation enthalpies (around 55 kJ/mole) did not change markedly at the pH values of 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0 PMID- 6545639 TI - An outbreak of human gastrointestinal anthrax. PMID- 6545638 TI - The effect of adenosine diphosphate on the interaction of actin-myosin-adenosine triphosphate. AB - It was shown in experiments made on natural actomyosin of rabbit skeletal muscle that ADP possesses direct and indirect effects on superprecipitation. The presence of ADP increases the turbidity of the actomyosin suspension. An optimal ATP/ADP ratio may help the development and existence of a PC conformer of actomyosin corresponding to a myosin-ADP-actin-myosin-ATP complex. In this complex the extent of actin-activation is controlled by the cooperativity between the two myosin heads which, on the other side, may regulate in vivo the optimal transformation of the chemical energy of ATP for mechanical work. PMID- 6545640 TI - [Epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis in Italy]. PMID- 6545641 TI - [Epidemic focus of viral hepatitis caused by virus A transmitted person-to person]. PMID- 6545642 TI - [Weight and height in an adult Panamanian population]. AB - This work consisted in the analysis of anthropometric data collected in 1980 in a representative sample of the adult population of the Republic of Panama, according to sex, place of residence, and age. As the data revealed, the adult Panamanian male has an average weight of 61.8 kg and a height of 165.0 cm, and the female, an average weight of 55.4 kg and a height of 154.0 cm. The average weight and height of the adult population differ in the different provinces of the country. Thus, Veraguas and San Blas have the lowest averages in weight and height while the adult men of the provinces of Panama, Bocas del Toro and Colon present the best nutritional conditions. Women increase in weight as age advances until reaching a maximum peak between 45 and 54 years of age. In the males, the average highest weight occurs at an earlier age, between 25 and 29 years old, and is maintained until the age of 45-54. From then on, a decrease in weight as age advances, begins to be observed in both sexes. Apparently, the height of the Panamanian population has increased through time, as reflected by the average height of the different age groups studied in 1980, when compared with similar information obtained in 1967. It is concluded that a Food and Nutrition Surveillance System in Panama must contemplate the inclusion of anthropometric data that describe the nutritional conditions of the adult Panamanian groups. PMID- 6545643 TI - Food consumption and dietary adequacy according to income in 1,200 families, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, 1973-1974. AB - Data from a household expenditure survey of 1,200 Manaus families performed by the Amazonas State Government in 1973-74 are analyzed by income group. The per cent frequency of families buying different foods and the daily per capita consumption of each were calculated. The daily per capita intakes of energy, protein, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, ascorbic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron and zinc were estimated and their adequacy evaluated. In contrast to the south and northeast of Brazil, the main bulk of the diet was derived from cereals and fish. The quantities of eggs, meats, fruit and vegetables consumed per person, increased 50-100% as income improved, whereas fish consumption decreased 30%. The nutrients quantitatively most deficient were zinc, vitamin A, calcium, thiamine and riboflavin, with 60-80% of low and middle income families not achieving safe levels of intake for zinc and vitamin A. The beneficial effect of income on the adequacy of calcium, thiamine and riboflavin intake was quantitative. For zinc and vitamin A, increased income was associated with a qualitative improvement in the diet, principally due to the increased consumption of meat and liver. These results are discussed in relation to existing clinical evidence of deficiency states in the region. PMID- 6545644 TI - [Analysis of the practical significance of amino acid requirements in human nutrition]. AB - The objective of this paper was to analyze the usefulness of the actual figures of amino acid requirements in human nutrition. In order to establish the amino acid pattern, the amino acid requirements are related to the safe level of protein intake. Since this safe level has been modified, the amino acid patterns also change, unless there is also a similar modification in the amino acid requirements. Consequently, the use of an amino acid pattern similar to the amino acid composition of a high-quality protein, as is the case of milk, is suggested. Another concept which is necessary to emphasize is that the amino acid pattern proposed for normal nutrition can not be applied to different pathological states. This statement is exemplified by the dietetic treatment of hepatic coma. The mean amino acids intake in physiological studies oriented to determine protein requirements, as well as those observed in low socioeconomic level population groups, are higher than the requirements. These observations can be explained by the methodology used in their determinations, with a previous adaptation period which produces a decrease in the tissue mass of a high percentage of individuals. It is concluded that to obtain a rational application of the amino acids requirements, determined by physiological methods, it is necessary to perform a critical analysis of the figures proposed by the Committees, and adapt them to local prevailing conditions. PMID- 6545645 TI - Protein digestibility of methionine supplemented common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in adult human subjects. AB - The study reports on the protein digestibility of five cultivars of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) of different color, tested in young adult human subjects, as the sole dietary protein source. Cheese protein was used as reference protein. The cooked beans provided 0.65 g protein/kg/day, and energy intake was adjusted to 45 kcal/kg/day. Results indicated apparent protein digestibility to vary from 49.6 to 62.1%. White colored beans showed the highest value, while black beans gave the lowest. Cheese protein showed an apparent protein digestibility of 76.2%. The true protein digestibility was calculated using the endogenous nitrogen excretion values obtained in the study, as well as literature values. Digestibility increased as expected, but it is still low as compared to other protein sources. A high correlation was found between dry matter digestibility and protein digestibility. Fecal nitrogen was fractionated between soluble and insoluble nitrogen in a 0.02 N NaOH solution. This assay was also carried out in the cooked beans, and findings revealed that the soluble nitrogen fraction was highly correlated with protein digestibility, with a correlation coefficient of 0.94. This fraction, still to be identified, could very well be responsible for the low digestibility values found for common beans in human subjects. PMID- 6545646 TI - [Digestibility, protein value and protein requirements of diets based on plantain/bean and cassava/bean in young adults]. AB - Information is provided on the nitrogen intake for nitrogen equilibrium in young human adults fed a cassava/bean diet and a plantain/bean diet. Ten individuals participating in each study ingested levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g protein/kg/day at a constant energy level (45 kcal/kg/day), using the short-term nitrogen balance method with multiple intakes. Even with intakes of 105.7 and 117.4 mg N/kg/day for the cassava/bean and plantain/bean diets, the experimental subjects did not reach a positive balance. The protein digestibility of the diets was low, as had been confirmed previously for beans alone: 55.7% for the cassava/bean study and 50.4% for plantains/beans. The average quantity of nitrogen intake required to reach nitrogen equilibrium for the cassava/bean diet was 114.3 mg N/kg/day and for the plantain/bean diet, 111.9 mg N/kg/day. In the case of the cassava/bean diet, the variability was 81.3 to 172.4, and for plantain/beans, 83.6 to 219.3 mg/kg/day. In four of the five individuals who participated in both studies, the nitrogen intake required to reach nitrogen equilibrium was greater when fed the diet based on plantain/beans than when fed the cassava/beans diet. These data support the assertion that the protein requirement is not a simple figure. Individual variability is so great that, as has been suggested, it is necessary to add two standard deviations to the average figure to cover 97.5% of the population. The results of this investigation support the need to increase protein digestibility and protein quality of beans, since this is a food of major importance for large population segments in the developing countries. PMID- 6545647 TI - The mediating role of the parathyroid gland in the effect of low calcium intake on blood pressure in the rat. AB - Recent reports suggest an inverse relationship between calcium intake and blood pressure. This effect could be mediated by parathormone (PTH), since a low calcium intake leads to an increase in PTH and this hormone produces an increase in intracellular calcium, raising the excitability of the muscle arteriolar cells. Wistar female rats, 56 days old, were submitted to a parathyroidectomy or to a sham operation. After that, they were placed on a normal or on a calcium free diet during 10 weeks. Four groups of nine rats were studied: parathyroidectomized animals on a normal calcium diet, parathyroidectomized ones on a calcium-free diet, controls (sham operation) on a normal calcium diet, and controls (sham operation) on a calcium-free diet. The control calcium-free diet showed a significant increase in blood pressure values over the treatment period. The parathyroidectomized calcium-free diet group did not show any increase. The difference between these two groups regarding change in blood pressure was statistically significant. The parathyroidectomized-calcium-free group showed no weight increase during the study, while rats in the other three groups significantly increased their weight. PTH could be the mediator of the blood pressure rise observed in the calcium-deprived rats in spite of the possible confounding effect of the poor weight increase detected in the parathyroidectomized-calcium deprived animals. These results warrant future studies since the role of PTH in the regulation of blood pressure needs to be confirmed. This possibility, therefore, opens a new area of research in the study of the pathophysiology of hypertension. PMID- 6545648 TI - [Effect of protein-calorie restriction during pregnancy in rats, on the activity of glycolytic enzymes in the placenta]. AB - The specific activities and changes of four placental enzymes: pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconic-dehydrogenase (6PGD), and NADP malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MD) occurring during the course of gestation and during maternal restricted food intake, were studied in rats. Enzymes activities are expressed in relation to DNA. With the progress of pregnancy, a significant increase in the activity of all enzymes, except NADP-MD, was observed in both groups. A 50% food restriction during pregnancy markedly decreased cell placental enzymes in different stages of development. PK was lower during early and late pregnancy, but NADP-MD was reduced only in the early developmental stage. The activities of G6PD and 6PGD were significantly lower only in the near-term stage in the malnourished group in comparison with the control group. Our findings suggest that this kind of nutritional insult markedly reduces glycolytic capacity and NADPH2 generation enzymes, a key factor in the placental steroids metabolism. PMID- 6545649 TI - [Kinetics of thermal inactivation of peroxidases in turnips and peas]. AB - The heat inactivation of peroxidase in green peas and turnips grown in Venezuela was determined experimentally at temperatures ranging from 60 degrees C to 76 degrees C for turnips, and between 72 degrees C and 82 degrees C for green peas. The thermal destruction curves obtained were found to be biphasic, following first-order kinetics of inactivation, and with average times for the change of phase of 22.5 sec and 23.8 sec for the turnips and peas, respectively. The activation energies, as calculated by the Arrhenius equation for the first and second inactivation intervals, were 27.1 kcal/mole and 43.5 kcal/mole for turnips, and 34.5 kcal/mole and 28.9 kcal/mole for green peas. PMID- 6545650 TI - [Determination of the bitter taste of beers. Correlation between the spectrophotometric method and sensory evaluation]. AB - The correlation existing between the chemical determination and the sensory evaluation of the bitter taste in beers was studied. Six different brands were analyzed in six series of repetitions during four months (March through July). For the chemical method, the determination of BU (Bitterness Units) was used. This corresponds to the absorbance of an isooctane extract at 275 nm, previously acidified with HCl. Regarding sensory evaluation, a panel of six highly trained judges (p less than 0.05) was formed for the detection of bitter taste. This test was carried out parallel to the former. The panelists used the descriptive test of bitter intensity in a range of 5. The correlation coefficients for each series of repetitions were calculated and later compared with the tabulated values, at the different levels of significance. A high degree of statistical significance was determined in three of the analyzed series, and significance at the 5% level for two of the series. The remaining one showed a low correlation and was non significant, the dark beer (malt) being the one that presented an important deviation. It is therefore concluded that the spectrophotometric method can replace the sensory evaluation of bitter taste in pale beers, though it is not advisable for malts. PMID- 6545651 TI - [Effect of formaldehyde on the protection of proteins in the silage of the peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea)]. AB - An experiment was performed to study the formaldehyde protective effect on the ensilaged whole peanut plant protein (21.5% CP). The experimental design consisted in four treatments 5, 10, 15 and 20% formaldehyde, which was added in the proportion of 5 lt, per ton. A control group without any formaldehyde was also included. There were no significant differences in regard to pH among treatments (5.56 to 5.70). Ammonia concentration dropped significantly in all treatments, a finding which suggests a protective effect on protein nitrogen degradation to non-protein nitrogen (NH3). A lactic acid fermentation was observed, without any difference between treatment and the control group. Nevertheless, there was a reduction in propionic acid and ethanol concentration in all the silages. Therefore, it is concluded that there was an inhibition of the fermentation process in all the silages treated, and that the addition of formaldehyde at the 5% level is a satisfactory way of protecting this type of feed. PMID- 6545652 TI - [Functional and nutritional properties of modified proteins of sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.)]. AB - A study on the functional and nutritional properties of sesame (Sesamum indicum, L.) flour, concentrate and enzymatic hydrolysates, demonstrated that nitrogen solubility of the hydrolysates is improved, in water (85%) and at different pHs (91-95%), by the action of neutrasa 0.5L and alcalasa 0.6L, yielding a product with good emulsifying and improved foaming properties. Hydrolysates produced by the pH-stat method, then freeze-dried and spray-dried presented a PER of 1.1 and 0.9, respectively. The flour and the concentrate had PER values of 1.2. Supplementation of one of the hydrolysates with soya hydrolysate (1:1), improved the PER to a value similar to that of casein. Use of neutrasa 0.5L and alcalasa 0.6L enzymes, enhances the sesame protein solubility without modifying extensively the PER. Besides, it yields a dehydrated product with improved emulsifying and foaming properties. PMID- 6545653 TI - 4th European Conference on Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. PMID- 6545654 TI - Granulomatous thyroid disorders. PMID- 6545655 TI - Chronic obstructive syndrome in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6545656 TI - The Kveim test after Siltzbach. PMID- 6545657 TI - Connective matrix organization of the sarcoid granuloma. PMID- 6545658 TI - Immuno-pathological background of tuberculosis and its projection on the modern pneumology. PMID- 6545659 TI - [Apropos of a case of chronic lung disease caused by Allescheria-Boydii]. PMID- 6545660 TI - [Elements of functional characterization of bronchial obstruction]. PMID- 6545661 TI - [Tuberculosis of the cervical lymph nodes: case report]. PMID- 6545662 TI - [Comparison of the efficacy of fenoterol and aminophylline in asthmatics]. PMID- 6545663 TI - [Aerobiologic monitoring in Emilia-Romagna. Compilation of a zonal pollen calendar]. PMID- 6545664 TI - [Multilocular round opacity in the right hemithorax]. PMID- 6545665 TI - Reduction of hemifacial spasm and dysarthria following EMG biofeedback. AB - In this case study, a geriatric patient who had an 18-year history of hemifacial spasm was given EMG-biofeedback-assisted relaxation training. No formal speech therapy was provided. Our results confirmed two hypotheses: (a) The patient would learn to reduce frontalis EMG and facial spasm with and then without biofeedback, and (b) as a result, speech would be markedly improved. At both the 1-month and 15-month follow-up the patient retained the ability to relax his facial muscles with similar carry-over to speech. Possible neurophysiologic mechanisms of action mediating the feedback training are discussed. PMID- 6545666 TI - [The treatment of alcoholism in the framework of a general hospital]. PMID- 6545667 TI - [Descriptive analysis of the sexual behavior of the Murcian adolescent]. PMID- 6545668 TI - Ultrastructural study of human adrenal pheochromocytoma by open needle biopsy. AB - Samples from eight cases of human adrenal pheochromocytoma were obtained using open needle biopsy and processed for electron microscopy. The good tissue preservation and the absence of mechanical damage allowed the confirmation of already described features of this differentiated tumor or of new findings. The presence of catecholamine granules in the pericapillar spaces and in the lumen of fenestrated capillaries was documented together with that of amyelinated nerve fibers surrounded by Schwann cells or in close contact with chromaffin cells. PMID- 6545669 TI - Histopathological trephine biopsy findings in cases of 'dry tap' bone marrow aspirations. AB - Out of 3,173 bone marrow biopsies, we found 138 cases (4.3%) of 'dry tap' aspirations: 35/218 (16%) acute leukemias, 44/445 (9.8%) myeloproliferative syndromes, 29/328 (8.8%) malignant lymphomas and Hodgkin's diseases, 10/208 (4.8%) myelomas and 10/74 (13.5%) metastatic carcinomas. Histology showed that the most common changes associated with scanty yield aspirations were bone marrow fibrosis (patchy or diffuse) and hypercellularity (especially if due to immature cells). None of the 'dry tap' cases showed normal bone marrow by trephine biopsy. It is concluded that the finding of a 'dry tap' should never be dismissed as being due to faulty technique and always needs a bone marrow biopsy. PMID- 6545670 TI - Histologic abnormalities in routine biopsies of patients with esophagitis and different gastric acid secretion. AB - Intraepithelial eosinophilic granulocytes were previously reported to evidence prolonged acid reflux in patients with reflux esophagitis. The following study was performed to investigate whether or not these histologic abnormalities are specific to patients with esophagitis and high H+ ion activity of the gastric juice. Esophagitis was proved endoscopically in all patients. Biopsy specimens were obtained during endoscopy by forceps biopsy from the area involved. Afterwards an acid secretion test to determine basal and pentagastrin-stimulated H+ ion activity and a Bernstein test were performed. Histologic findings were correlated with the results of the acid secretion test. In this study, the occurrence of intraepithelial eosinophils was similar in patients with high and with low gastric acid output, but was overall low in these patients and has not proved to be a specific diagnostic criterion for reflux. PMID- 6545671 TI - Amputation neuroma of common bile duct with obstructive jaundice: a case report. AB - A 67-year-old woman was hospitalized because of recurrent attacks of epigastric pain, chills, fever, jaundice and pruritus of 6 months' duration. Six years earlier, the patient had undergone cholecystectomy. The present endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a proximal irregular choledochal stricture. Resection of the stricture with end-to-end anastomosis was performed. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed an amputation neuroma. PMID- 6545672 TI - [The medio-femoral approach]. AB - The authors report a series of thirty A. profunda femoris dissections by anterior approach: the medio femoral way, which is enabled to isolate an arterial segment of six centimeters. PMID- 6545673 TI - [Quantitative cytologic and histologic study of the maternal hepatocyte and lobule on the 18th day of gestation in the Wistar rat]. AB - With the object of studying the part taken by liver cells and lobules in mother's liver weight increase (+42%), planimetric cells areas were measured. The main results are: same diversity of cells size as in reference samples, perilobular cells remaining the larger. In the same way, one can note a small increase of cells size for pregnant animals: perilobular cells (+10%), nucleus (+26%), nucleolus (+19%), cytoplasms (+12%). These facts demonstrate the metabolic part played by liver during pregnancy but do not explain the liver weight increase. But planimetrical investigations of overall lobular size lead to an increase of 40%. Finally the increase of liver weight might be explained by an increase of cells number. PMID- 6545674 TI - [Study of the weight of the pregnant rat and the maternal liver: their relation to biometric parameters of the developing embryo and placenta]. AB - Observations carried out on a large sample of pregnant rats, their fetuses and placentas, lead to the following findings: continuous increase of liver weight along pregnancy from 2nd to 20th days, mainly within the 2nd week (organs making), to reach limit value on the 18th day. This liver weight increases roughly along with embryos and placentas weights specially from 14th to 20th days. At the 18th day the mother's liver weight depends on embryos and placentas weights. This weight of the mother's liver increased with embryos and placentas number but does not depend on resorption number. The overall mother's weight is proportional to liver weight and embryos number. All these facts underline metabolic relations between mother and fetus during pregnancy. PMID- 6545675 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the origin and/or distribution of coronary arteries originating from the aorta. Angiographic study of 39 cases]. AB - 39 cases of congenital anomalies in the origin and/or in the distribution of the coronary arteries arisen from the aorta, without associated cardiac abnormality, seen in the course of 6 525 selective coronary arteriographies in adults, are reported and integrated into a general classification of coronary arteries abnormalities. The clinical correlation of these anomalies is specified. The authors emphasize the importance of their diagnosis in the surgery of valve replacement or of myocardial revascularization. PMID- 6545676 TI - [The cloverleaf skull. Anatomical presentation of a case]. AB - We report the case of a still-born baby girl who had a rare craniostenosis known as the "clover leaf skull syndrome". The 125 previously reported cases were reviewed allowing us to better define the principal features of this condition. PMID- 6545677 TI - [Factors in the stabilization of the ulnar head]. AB - The authors studied the stability of the ulnar head by dissections of the radio ulnar joint and experimental ligamentous removals in 150 specimens. They emphasize the importance of the tendon of the extensor carpi ulnaris and medial collateral ligament tightened by Kuhlmann's sling which firmly apply the ulnar head against the anterior edge of the sigmoid potch of the radius. Transsection of the separate fibro-osseous tunnel of the extensor carpi ulnaris with forward creeping of the tendon out of its groove enlarges the size of the gap between extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digiti quinti; if in addition both fibro cartilaginous disk and medial collateral ligament are torn, the ulnar head dislocates dorsally. Such a displacement can be obtained by full supination following forced pronation. The volar dislocation of the ulnar head occurs more rarely; it might be caused by insufficient extensor carpi ulnaris and ruptured fibro-cartilaginous disk and yielded by shallow sigmoid notch and blunt anterior border. So muscular structures avoid dorsal displacement of the ulnar head actively whereas only fibro-osseous structures passively prevent from anterior displacement. PMID- 6545678 TI - A critical overview of spinal injury research presented at the First International Symposium on CNS Trauma. PMID- 6545679 TI - Structural and functional impairment of adrenergic input to intraocular cerebellar grafts during thyroid hormone deficiency. AB - Embryonic cerebellae were transplanted to the anterior eye chamber of normal and thyroidectomized adult rats and were left in the eye to mature for 5 weeks. The cerebellar grafts received adrenergic innervation from the sympathetic ground plexus of the host iris. The density of adrenergic fibers innervating the grafts was reduced by approximately 50% in all thyroidectomized groups, without any effect on the fluorescence intensity or the morphology of individual nerve fibers. The reduction in adrenergic ingrowth was entirely prevented in grafts raised in similarly thyroidectomized recipients, which were substituted daily with thyroxine (100 micrograms/kg, SC). Electrophysiologically, there was no difference between the groups in terms of spontaneous firing rate of Purkinje neurons, recorded extracellularly from cerebellar grafts. However, there was a 10 fold decrease in the potency of catecholamines to inhibit the spontaneous neuronal activity in thyroidectomized hosts as compared to controls when applied either locally by micropressure ejection or by superfusion. Similar to the observed histologic changes in catecholamine innervation, the abnormal responsiveness of hypothyroid cerebellar neurons to locally applied catecholamines could be prevented by daily substitution with thyroxine in these animals. It is thus concluded that there is both structural and functional impairment of the adrenergic innervation of intraocular cerebellar grafts that underwent development under conditions of thyroid hormone deficiency. PMID- 6545680 TI - Pathology of spinal injuries. AB - Information about the neuropathology of spinal cord injury is derived from the personal study of 341 specimens; 225 of these were traumatic, including 123 with massive injuries. Thirty-one were associated with metastases, 38 were degenerative, and 6 were infectious. Included are 41 normal controls. The hyperacute human spinal injury study provides a reference base for animal experiments. A sound knowledge of the pathology of spinal injury is an essential prerequisite for the competent management of patients with these injuries. Because no lesions were found that would be amenable to surgical correction, the study supports the conservative approach, in keeping with the teaching and practice of Sir Ludwig Guttmann and Sir George Bedbrook. In most specimens traumatic necrosis was most severe in the central gray matter and adjoining posterior columns of the cord. Preserved continuity of a proportion of the lateral, anterior, and posterior white matter was usual. Space-taking subdural or extradural hemorrhages and hematomyelia were rare. In patients who survived for more than a few weeks, posttraumatic cysts resulted from removal of necrotic parenchyma by macrophages. Although in very severe injuries complete disruption of both bony and spinal cord tissues was observed, others with equally massive injuries showed some continuity of the spinal cord parenchyma. This somewhat unexpected observation is in accord with physiologic studies in which poly EMG and sensory-evoked potentials demonstrate continuity of long tracts across the lesion in patients who were otherwise clinically complete. Regeneration of nerve roots and to a lesser extent of central axons was evident in patients who survived for more than 5 or 6 months. Complications consisted of ascending or descending necrosis and enlarging cavities. There is clinical and physiologic evidence of remodeling of reflex systems in the spinal patient that manifests as a changing neurologic picture. It is possible that the use of a variety of techniques, such as electrical stimulation, would influence such plastic changes to the benefit of the patient. Little detailed anatomic information is available on this topic as a key area for future investigation. PMID- 6545681 TI - The use of hyperbaric oxygen to modify the effects of recent contusion injury to the spinal cord. AB - Studies on the experimental spinal contusion injury in animals confirm that posttraumatic ischemia contributes to central cystic necrosis or fibrosis occurring at the level of the spinal cord lesion. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) modifies the degree and extent of the pathology in the spinal cord of the experimental animals. HBO has been used for 45 patients with recent spinal cord injuries. The extent of recovery in 27 patients with upper motor neuron lesions treated with adequate HBO is reported. Fifteen of the 27 patients had useful functional recovery. PMID- 6545682 TI - A program for central nervous system regeneration. PMID- 6545684 TI - The problem of blindness in India. PMID- 6545683 TI - Acute spinal cord injury: a systems approach. PMID- 6545685 TI - Investigation of viral hepatitis outbreak in a small town of Uttar Pradesh- experiences and observations. PMID- 6545686 TI - Prevalence of eye diseases in a semi-urban area. PMID- 6545687 TI - Morbidity and mortality pattern of hospitalized children at Burdwan, West Bengal. PMID- 6545688 TI - Measles epidemic in a rural community near Sevagram (Vidarbha). PMID- 6545689 TI - A short report of untoward reactions following administration of D.P.T. vaccine and vitamin A in an under five clinic. PMID- 6545690 TI - Ocular morbidity among school children in Rohtak City. PMID- 6545691 TI - Changing pattern of blindness and its prevention. PMID- 6545692 TI - [Causes of infertility and treatment]. PMID- 6545693 TI - [Treatment of oligo-astheno-teratospermia]. PMID- 6545694 TI - [Spermatic infection. Its consequences in infertility and its prevention]. PMID- 6545695 TI - [Ejaculation disorders of iatrogenic origin]. PMID- 6545696 TI - [Recent injuries of the male urethra]. PMID- 6545697 TI - [Polyneuropathy caused by glues in the shoe industry of central Italy: clinico epidemiologic aspects]. PMID- 6545698 TI - [The problem of the health of personnel of the hospital community in relation to the risk of infection (hepatitis B)]. PMID- 6545699 TI - [Levels of contamination by heavy metals in fish of the middle Adriatic]. PMID- 6545700 TI - [Sensitivity of recently isolated strains of yeast to frequently used antimycotic agents]. PMID- 6545701 TI - [In vitro evaluation of norfloxacin on clinically isolated bacterial strains]. PMID- 6545702 TI - [The intellectual status of the physician]. PMID- 6545703 TI - [Proteolytic activity, components of the hemostatic system and protein degradation in cholesteatoma and granuloma of the middle ear in children and adults]. PMID- 6545704 TI - [Cancer in the opinion of oncological patients and healthy persons]. PMID- 6545705 TI - [Lowe syndrome in a 3-month-old infant]. PMID- 6545706 TI - [Alport's syndrome with familial abnormality of the external ear]. PMID- 6545707 TI - [Circadian variations of Ns and Nm values in the intestinal epithelium of the fish C. auratus and of mice, and its effect on radiosensitivity]. AB - Studying the small bowel mucosa crypts of the mouse, the authors indicate a method to calculate cell production that does not need to know the mitotic proliferation and labeling indexes, employing instead the values for NS and Nm, or size of S and M phases. While NS and Nm vary during the day, TS and Tm remain practically constant, so that cell production is related to the values of NS and Nm. Calculations starting from NS and Nm give per cent cells h-1. PMID- 6545708 TI - [Possible interactions between Toxoplasma gondii infection and the presence of carcinomas of female genitalia and the breast]. AB - The authors made a serologic study for the existence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in women with genital tract and breast cancer. Antibodies to the parasite were found in 93.7 per 100 of the cases; 20.46 per 100 of the patients showed titers of 1:400 or higher, probably due to active toxoplasmosis. Considering the group of cancer patients with lymph node metastases, antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii were found in 97.33 per 100 of them. PMID- 6545709 TI - [Specific receptors for sex hormones in tumors of the central nervous system]. AB - The hormone sensitivity of some tumors seems to be mediated by the presence of specific receptor proteins, and a correlation seems to exist between the amount of receptor molecules and the behavior of the tumor evolution. Epidemiological data suggest a relation between the steroid sexual hormones and the development of some tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). The authors determine the amount of receptors specific to 17-beta-estradiol and progesterone in several cases of meningioma, glioma, neurinoma and intracerebral metastases. 17-beta estradiol receptors were always detected, although in very variable amount (3 to 74 fm/mg protein). Progesterone receptors were found in all the studied CNS in women, and only in a few male gliomas, in amounts varying between 3 and 17 fm/mg protein. The significance of hormone receptors in the CNS tumors need further studies to know if they can be applied to prognosis and suggest the assay of a complementary endocrine therapy of CNS tumors. PMID- 6545710 TI - [Gradually diminishing tumor protection caused by reimplants]. AB - Mice from which a MCA-induced sarcoma has been removed and which are exposed to repeated (every three months) tumoral cell transplants, gradually lose their protection against a certain threshold number of cells. Although the survival period after each transplant is longer than in non-protected animals (those that never received a primary tumor) it is seen that while some of them survive for three months (these are the ones to be re-inoculated with tumoral cells) others die. The proportion of mice which die rises with the number of inoculations received; and among those which die, the proportion of mice without localized tumor or neoplastic dissemination is also progressively higher. We do not know why these mice die at a later and cachectic stage without tumor but in a situation resembling a GVH (graft versus host) reaction. Repeated challenge through re-inoculation induces "bradyphylaxis" (progressively diminishing protection). On histopathological examination intense congestion is found, with haemorrhages in the lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys. PMID- 6545712 TI - [Cancer immunotherapy]. AB - A revision of the most promising clinical assays suggest that immunotherapy is useful for a certain number of selected patients. Immunotherapy cannot be used alone for primary treatment of cancer, excepting perhaps as local immunotherapy for readily accessible tumors. The most important role of immunotherapy is to be found in combination with other kinds of therapy, considering that it may restrain effectively hidden micrometastases that are the cause of relapse and fatal outcome. However, it is necessary to recognize that immunotherapy has shown until now a limited therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 6545711 TI - [Immunologic responses following surgical resection of gastrointestinal carcinomas]. AB - The amount of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4 and C5 in serum, and the response to delayed hypersensitivity tests with PPD, varidase, candidin and mumps antigens were estimated in patients submitted to radical surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer (group I), before and at intervals after the operation was performed, and compared with cancer patients undergoing palliative abdominal surgery (group II), and with patients submitted to major abdominal surgery for diseases other than cancer (group III). Group I showed a decrease of all the immunoglobulins (Igs) and complement fractions (F) during the first week after operation, and a significant increase after one month. Similar changes were observed in group III, the augmentation of Igs and F after one month being somewhat smaller. Group II showed a larger number of positiveness than either group I or II in both the preoperative and early postoperative periods (p = 0.001). After 2 and 3 months, the number of positive cases was larger in group I than in group II (p = 0.05). According to these results, the immune response is recovered one month after the excision of gastric and colorectal malignant tumors, being this the best moment to receive a complementary cytoreductive therapy. PMID- 6545713 TI - [Lung volume measurements in the selection of aeronautical personnel and the analysis of factors influencing respiratory parameters]. PMID- 6545715 TI - An objective evaluation of DMT. PMID- 6545714 TI - [Electroencephalographic evaluation of flying fitness]. PMID- 6545716 TI - [Psychophysiology of tourism pilots]. PMID- 6545717 TI - The aging and aged pilot. Implications, problems, and consequences. PMID- 6545718 TI - [First aid on the island of Ponza: emerging problems and relations to air rescue]. PMID- 6545719 TI - [Land, sea and air rescue]. PMID- 6545720 TI - [Possible indicators of the toxic action of environmental factors]. PMID- 6545721 TI - [Role of the Air Force Medical Service in the activities of air rescue and emergency air transportation of the sick and severely injured]. PMID- 6545723 TI - The synaptonemal complex and genetic segregation. AB - The assembly, rearrangement and disassembly of the synaptonemal complex during the stages from leptotene to anaphase I of meiosis are described. The assembly of the lateral component of the synaptonemal complex between the sister chromatids of the leptotene chromosome causes the undivided appearance of the leptotene chromosome in the light microscope. During zygotene the lateral component mediates the assembly of the synaptonemal complex between homologous segments of homologous as well as homoeologous chromosomes. Chromosome and bivalent interlockings are a regular feature during chromosome pairing at zygotene. They are resolved by breakage and precise repair of the chromosomes. The phase of synaptonemal complex formation between homologous chromosome segments is succeeded by a phase of rearrangements. In this phase, chromosome homology is no longer required for synaptonemal complex assembly. This reduces the number of univalent chromosome sections. Rearrangement of chromosome pairing with the synaptonemal complex is not expected to take place at positions where a crossover has occurred. Disassembly of the synaptonemal complex at diplotene is initiated at specific regions along the bivalent arms. Chiasmata are formed from retained pieces of the synaptonemal complex in which a recombination nodule is or had been present. A limit to the number of available recombination nodules and a mechanism which ensures that at least one nodule is placed in each bivalent arm are sources for the positive interference observed in linkage studies employing three-point tests. The time of crossing over relative to the zygotene assembly and pachytene rearrangement phases of the synaptonemal complex determines if multivalents or exclusively bivalents are found at metaphase I in amphidiploids and autotetraploids. The synaptonemal complex provides both the structural basis for the regular disjunction of chromosomes at meiosis and gene recombination between homologous or homoeologous chromosome arms. PMID- 6545722 TI - [Vital capacity and maximal expiratory volume in 1 second: current values in 1280 subjects examined for physical and psychological fitness in the selection of officers and non-commissioned officers and theoretical reference values]. PMID- 6545724 TI - Recombination nodules and the mechanism of crossing-over in Drosophila. AB - Meiotic recombination involves a complex sequence of regulated enzymatic and structural functions. These functions and their possible interrelations are discussed using evidence mainly from studies on Drosophila. PMID- 6545725 TI - Composition and role of the synaptonemal complex. AB - The role of the synaptonemal complex (SC) in synapsis during meiotic prophase is examined in spermatocytes and oocytes of mice heterozygous for rearrangements, using light and electron microscopy of whole mount spreads. The duration of cytologically-characterized substages provides a morphological time axis for synaptic events. At zygotene, synapsis is restricted to homologous regions. A second phase of synapsis, indifferent to homology, follows in early pachytene. By a progressive process of synaptic adjustment, SC configurations, such as duplication buckles and inversion loops, are regularly eliminated and form straight, non-homologously synapsed SCs by late pachytene. In the mouse, crossing over probably occurs during the period of homologous synapsis in the first half of pachytene, suggesting an association between recombination events and synaptic adjustment. During this period, a low level of DNA synthesis, distinct from S phase replication, is found by 3H-thymidine autoradiography to be localized to the SC, as would be expected if repair synthesis involved with crossing over occurred in SC-associated DNA. This DNA synthesis reaches a peak in pachytene concurrently with synaptic adjustment, suggesting that the two events may be related, possibly through the mediation of DNA-binding SC proteins. Using immunocytological techniques to identify SC proteins, a monoclonal antibody has been isolated that binds to formed SCs but not unpaired axes. Apparently specific for a central region component, the antibody also binds to intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm of cultured somatic cells, indicating possible functional attributes common to the meiotic and mitotic proteins. PMID- 6545726 TI - The synaptonemal complex, recombination nodules and chiasmata in human spermatocytes. AB - Reconstruction from serial sections of 120 human spermatocyte nuclei, ranging in stage from leptotene to anaphase I, has led to the following conclusions. The reconstructed nuclei form a continuous sequence of developmental stages. With few exceptions, all of the bivalents are identifiable by length, centromere index and morphological markers. Crossing over is accompanied by a transformation of the recombination nodule (RN) into a fusiform bar lying across the synaptonemal complex (SC). The evolution of the crossover distribution at late pachytene is regulated at two levels both involving the SC. Each bivalent displays a pattern of SC regions - domains - with high affinity for RNs in the middle and low affinity at the ends. The occurrence of crossing over in a domain reduces the probability of attachment of new RNs and causes RNs not yet involved in crossing over to be released from that domain. Positive interference between crossovers is a consequence of these phenomena. At diplotene the degradation of the SC is initiated in regions with low affinity for RNs and small segments of the SC are retained at the crossover sites until late diakinesis. The site of crossing over is only identifiable by an RN for a certain period of time during pachytene. The distribution of total crossovers in a nucleus is similar but not identical to the distribution of chiasmata as seen in the light microscope. The number of crossovers has been estimated to be 70 and exceeds the number of chiasmata determined by light microscopy by a factor of 1.4. PMID- 6545727 TI - The control of chiasma distribution. AB - The question of recombination control has been the subject of intensive investigation over many years. This paper is restricted to an evaluation of the information obtainable from cytological studies of chiasmata, since other approaches are well represented in other papers in this volume. The advantages and disadvantages of chiasmata as means of studying recombination are discussed. Cytological observations reveal many constraints on the distribution of chiasmata, which are interpreted as outward expressions of controls operating at different levels, namely between cells, between bivalents and within bivalents. Detailed descriptions of these constraints are presented as a preliminary to discussing models and mechanisms of control. They include, at the between bivalent level, over-dispersal of chiasma number per bivalent and the formation of an obligatory minimum of one chiasma per bivalent; and at the within-bivalent level, chiasma localization and chiasma interference. The genetical basis of these constraints is emphasized and evidence presented which suggests that chiasma distribution at different levels is subject to both separate and coordinate genetical controls. These observations lead to the consideration and evaluation of general stochastic models of chiasma control based on the modification of site probabilities for chiasma formation. While these models are a useful approach to thinking about the control of recombination, they do not give a fully satisfactory explanation of all aspects of chiasma control. Finally, specific mechanisms for chiasma distribution control are considered. In a few exceptional species, localized pairing and synaptonemal complexes lead to localized chiasma formation; details of two such cases are presented. In the majority of species, pairing is not localized or restricted and in these species the control of chiasma distribution is more conjectural. Arguments are presented which suggest that even in these cases of full pairing, the pattern of pairing initiation and progression and perhaps the timing of these events could be important factors controlling the distribution of chiasmata. PMID- 6545728 TI - Quantitative DNA variation and chromosome homology. AB - In many genera, of both plants and animals, divergence and speciation is often accompanied by massive changes in the amount of nuclear DNA. These changes, in turn, result from amplification or repetition of base sequences within the chromosomal DNA. The chromosomes of different species are consequently of different size and structure. Observations in hybrids between species differing in nuclear DNA amount show that, despite large differences in DNA content, homoeologous chromosomes pair effectively at pachytene and form chiasmata. Only when the DNA differences are very large, of the order of 60% or more, is pairing at pachytene and chiasma formation impaired. The conclusion is that large scale chromosome structural change due to the repetition of DNA base sequences has surprisingly little effect upon the homology of chromosomes, i.e. their ability to pair effectively and form chiasmata at meiosis. Similar repetitive sequences are frequently distributed widely among non-homologous chromosomes within complements. The question then arises as to what prevents chiasma formation between the non-homologous chromosomes which have in common DNA segments of similar sequences? Evidence is presented which indicates that prevention is under the control of the genotype. The control is effected in one of two ways, either by the suppression of pairing at zygotene or pachytene or by suppression of chiasma formation subsequent to pairing. PMID- 6545729 TI - Meiotic pairing and gametogenic failure. AB - In males spermatogenic impairment is associated with a wide range of chromosomal anomalies, including XYY trisomy, XO monosomy with sex reversal and heterozygosity for many structural rearrangements. Common to all these anomalies is the presence of unpaired chromosome segments during pachytene. The stage at which spermatogenic cells are lost varies markedly from one anomaly to the next. The present paper considers the possibility that there may be a common mechanism underlying these various manifestations of spermatogenic failure. An analysis of meiotic data from XYY mice had previously pointed to a causal relationship between the presence of unpaired elements at pachytene, and a failure to reach metaphase II (MII). In apparent contradiction to this is the observation that sex reversed XO mice form reasonable numbers of round spermatids (implying progression beyond MII) despite the presence of the unpaired X. However, evidence is presented that the round spermatids of XO Sxr mice are diploid, the second meiotic division having been omitted. Most of these spermatids degenerate during spermiogenesis, but a few very abnormal sperm are produced. The female counterparts of male sterile chromosome anomalies are usually fertile, so the mechanism causing the spermatogenic failure has been presumed to be inoperative in females. However, recent work on female XO mice has revealed that although they are fertile as adults, there is nevertheless extensive oogenic failure (a 60% reduction as compared to controls) during late pachytene. It is proposed that there is a mechanism operating in both males and females which selectively removes gametogenic cells in which there has been meiotic pairing failure. In females the mechanism is not completely efficient, so that sufficient of the 'at risk' oocytes usually survive to allow fertility. In males the severity and stage of spermatogenic loss is presumed to be related to the extent of the pairing failure at pachytene. In male mammals spermatogenesis is disrupted by a wide range of karyotypic anomalies. These include XYY trisomy; XO monosomy with sex reversal; X- or Y-autosome translocations; partial or complete autosomal trisomies; heterozygosity for some autosome-autosome translocations; double heterozygosity for some Robertsonian translocations and heterozygosity for some other structural rearrangements (e.g. rings, insertions, some inversions). Common to all these anomalies is the presence of incompletely paired (synapsed) regions at pachytene. The severity of the spermatogenic impairment and the stage most affected vary widely.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6545730 TI - Absolute hydrophone calibration. PMID- 6545731 TI - Echocardiography--the future. PMID- 6545732 TI - A new technique in echocardiology: B-mode to M-mode transformation. AB - In conventional two-dimensional Echocardiography with sector scanning, M-mode is simultaneously displayed on TV-monitor as the time based ultrasound signals. With conventional system, one end of the cursor-line in B-mode image which indicates the beam direction of M-mode, is always fixed at the point corresponding to the transducer tip. This system has the capability to transform B-mode to M-mode images in any desired direction. However, the time resolution in M-mode is limited to about 33 milli-seconds. PMID- 6545733 TI - 3-D envisioning by real time perpendicular bi-plane echocardiography (simultaneous multifrequency ultrasonography-III). AB - Simultaneous dual B-modes, the tomographic plane of which can be moved freely keeping the intersecting angle always perpendicular, was devised and based on simultaneous multifrequency ultrasonography (Miwa, et al, 1981). Dual probes, the ends of which are linked by two arms and three nodes with potentiometers are used to display the intersecting line on the both B-mode images by computation. Both images can be displayed together on one CRT, or separately on the different CRTs. This has proved to be a great help for understanding the 3-D structure of heart. Quantitative dimension and displacement speed measurement of 3-D structure of heart such as myocardium thickness, inner diameter of ventricle, and their changing speed, can be performed very exactly at the accurate three dimensional orientation to the heart. We have also recognized that measuring beam for M-mode must be guided to an exact orientation by this technology. Otherwise, unexpected error has been introduced very usually, if guided only by conventional single B mode due to lack of information of three dimensional incident angle to the wall, valve,.. PMID- 6545734 TI - The use of two-dimensional echocardiography for diagnostic screening: an evaluation of screening capabilities and feasibility of use in remote areas. AB - This is a two-phase study. The first phase assesses the use of portable 2D echocardiography for diagnostic studies in remote areas. The second phase examines the diagnostic capabilities of 2D "only" versus 2D echocardiography combined with M-mode. PMID- 6545735 TI - Subcostal 2D echocardiography in cardiac pacing and intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. AB - In 180 patients with permanent and temporary right ventricular pacing catheters, the anatomical position of the pacing catheter was determined by subcostal 2D echocardiography. The entire pacing catheter length in the right heart was scanned in all patients and contact between the pacing catheter tip and endocardium was visualized. Complications, such as myocardial wall perforation, dislocation, minimal displacement and flotation of the pacing catheter, were accurately detected. Subcostal 2D echocardiography was also successfully used in 40 patients for advancing and positioning electrode catheters in intracardiac electrophysiologic studies. Subcostal 2D echocardiography is superior to precordial echocardiography and radiological methods for determining the pacing catheter position and to fluoroscopy in electrode catheter positioning. PMID- 6545736 TI - Effects of age-related changes in cavity size, wall thickness and heart rate on left ventricular function in normal children. AB - In this study the effects on left ventricular function of age-related changes in left ventricular diameter, wall thickness, and heart rate were assessed in normal children from 1-12 years of age using echocardiography. PMID- 6545737 TI - Detection of ventricular thrombi by ultrasound. AB - Left ventricular mural thrombi have certain characteristics in location and accoustical appearance that permit their detection by two dimensional echocardiography. We report our experience in the detection of cardiac thrombus by ultrasound. PMID- 6545738 TI - Some new M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in mitral valve prolapse. AB - Some new M-mode (contact lesion of the left side endocardium of the interventricular septum and its brisk early diastolic anterior motion) and two dimensional (multiple mitral valve orifices and masses mimicking vegetations or tumour) echocardiographic findings are described. PMID- 6545739 TI - Classification of mitral valve prolapse. AB - The scope of diagnosing mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has been enlarged by the earlier reported real-time B-scan criteria of small or "localised MVP". This form is believed to be the precursor of the overt MVP which is then readily diagnosed by angiocardiography and 1- and 2-dimensional echocardiography (1- and 2-dE). Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is believed to be recognisable much earlier as well, by the previously reported 1- and 2-dE features of "early commissural fusion" (ECF). 30 patients in whom overt or localised MVP were diagnosed previously were reviewed for overt or early signs of ECF. In all patients early or overt echo features of RHD could be visualised. Thus RHD may be the most important cause of acquired MVP, even though it is rarely considered in recent classifications. It is proposed that RHD is perhaps the unifying link for all forms of MVP. GOTTLIEB and CHUNG were asking for such a unifying link "since the present classification is dubious at best. It offers nothing to use clinically and may actually be in error, since the primary form may be a less overt expression of the secondary form." It is proposed that mostly unrecognised rheumatic fever may be the underlying first lesion leading to the various different mechanisms described for MVP. If this can be confirmed, a new approach to primary prevention of rheumatic fever and its subclinical forms may be necessary. There is also some evidence to suggest that RHD may be the early and unrecognised microlesion in the coronary arteries as well and thus the important early factor in the development of macroscopic coronary artery disease. PMID- 6545740 TI - Diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm by two dimensional echocardiography: experience with 58 patients. AB - Recent improvements in surgical technics have dramatically changed the outcome of patients with aortic dissection (AD). The aim of this work is to evaluate the reliability of two dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in the diagnosis of AD. The 2DE was recorded in all patients with a systematic approach in order to visualize the entire aorta (Ao). 58 cases were studied in a three years period. At the beginning of this study we validate 2DE by comparison with angiography (angio) in 14 of our first patients: the 2 angio criteria (dilatation, abnormal intraluminal image) have been found on 2DE in 12 pts (92%), with intraluminal image) have been found on 2DE in 12 pts (92%), with no significant difference between internal diameter of Ao on angio and 2DE. In our experience with 58 pts a positive diagnosis was possible in 90% of AD type I and only 18% of AD type III. IN CONCLUSION: 2DE is a practical and valuable method for the assessment of type I and II AD. Two 2DE criteria must be present at the same anatomical level (dilatation, abnormal intraluminal echo). In these conditions we have been able to avoid aortography in 26 of our last patients with type I and II. PMID- 6545741 TI - Possible mechanisms for the effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the clearance rate of blood borne colloidal particles in vivo. PMID- 6545742 TI - The feasibility of fetal echocardiography in the prediction of congenital heart disease. AB - The fetal heart has been studied echocardiographically in over 750 pregnancies between 16 weeks gestation and term. This has allowed description of normal fetal cardiac anatomy, the acquisition of measurement data for various cardiac structures and the detection of 16 cardiac malformations. In all the patients delivered so far and in which normality was predicted the neonatal heart was confirmed to be normal (640) except in 3 early cases where defects were overlooked. This promises to be a useful technique for the reliable prediction of structural cardiac anomaly prenatally. PMID- 6545743 TI - Stimulation of bone repair by ultrasound. AB - The repair of fibular fractures has been accelerated and modified by treatment with ultrasound. Complete bilateral transverse fibular fractures were made in adult female Wistar rats. Twelve were maintained as untreated controls. In seventy rats, one fracture was treated with ultrasound and the other mock irradiated. Ultrasound was delivered at an intensity of 0.5 W cm-2 (spatial average, temporal peak), pulsed 2 ms on, 8 ms off for 5 minutes on 4 consecutive days during each week of treatment. The effects of treatment for different combinations of weeks, and at frequencies of 1.5 MHz and 3.0 MHz, were compared microradiographically and histologically. Ultrasonic therapy was most effective when given during the first two weeks after injury, that is, during the inflammatory and early proliferative phases of healing (before hard callus formation). Bone repair tended to be of the juvenile type, involving rapid ossification with little cartilage production when treatment was limited to this period. PMID- 6545744 TI - Selected proceedings from the first and second Delft Pain Symposia. PMID- 6545745 TI - Chronic pain and the general practitioner. Part I. PMID- 6545746 TI - Chronic pain and the general practitioner. Part II. PMID- 6545747 TI - Interruption of nerve pathways in the treatment of nonmalignant pain. PMID- 6545748 TI - Possibilities of using sympathectomy for treatment of pain syndromes. PMID- 6545749 TI - Technical pitfalls in median commissural myelotomy for malignant sacral pain. PMID- 6545750 TI - [Allograft of dissociated embryonic brain cells into the intact brain of adult rats and after hypoxia]. PMID- 6545751 TI - Estimation of interclass correlations for dermatoglyphics family data. AB - The aim of this study was to derive estimates of covariance of sibships of mixed sex and to find a reasonably efficient method of estimating interclass correlations, when there are unequal numbers of sibs in families drawn from the same population. The applicability of the method to quantitative studies is illustrated by the use of dermatoglyphics data. The new method has proved effective in practice and serves the purpose for which it was intended. PMID- 6545752 TI - Serum protein polymorphisms in breast cancer. AB - Serum haptoglobin, transferrin and albumin were studied electrophoretically in 50 patients with carcinoma of breast and in 50 normal healthy women. Results on haptoglobin show a preponderance of products of gene Hp1 (0.26) in patients as compared to controls (0.14). No variation was observed at the transferrin locus in either sample. The most notable finding was the detection of four cases of alloalbuminaemia (8%) in breast cancer Patients. The high incidence of alloalbuminaemia prompted us to extend our observations further. For this purpose sera from 41 patients was collected. One more case of alloalbuminaemia of the fast type was detected. However, in contrast to our first series of patients, quite high incidence (12.2%) of transferrin variants was recorded in this sample. Family studies were conducted on all the patients with protein anomalies. PMID- 6545753 TI - Girls with muscular dystrophy. AB - Clinical and genetic studies were made on progressive muscular dystrophy in eight young girls. No chromosomal abnormality was observed in these patients and their mothers. The pedigrees of six cases suggested an autosomal recessive inheritance and clinical features were identical with those of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Two other cases were compatible with childhood muscular dystrophy with autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6545754 TI - Biological distances in dermatoglyphics of beta-thalassemic subjects. AB - Biological distances for dermatoglyphic qualitative and quantitative traits have been obtained from a group of beta-thalassemic heterozygotes and normal controls. The results indicate that the digital patterns have been the most efficient dermatoglyphic characters that differentiate between the two groups. PMID- 6545755 TI - Parental age and incidence of cleft lip and cleft palate anomalies. AB - Maternal and paternal age effects have been studied on 90 patients (61 males and 29 females) suffering from cleft lip, cleft palate and, cleft lip and palate anomalies. Younger mothers are at higher risk of getting a child with congenital oral clefts than the older (above 30 years of age). Parental age gaps increase the incidence of congenital malformations. PMID- 6545756 TI - C3 polymorphism in North India. AB - C3 polymorphism has been studied in 428 individuals from four populations of North India. The frequency of the C3F gene ranges between 0.086 to 0.139. The C3F gene frequency is comparatively higher in the studied samples as compared to other Indian populations, but lower than in most European and West Asian populations. PMID- 6545758 TI - Herpes simplex virus. PMID- 6545757 TI - Variations in the length of human Y chromosome: a statistical study. AB - A statistical test is proposed to examine the relationship between the mean and variance of the relative length of Y chromosome (as measured by Y/A2 or Y/F indices) in various racial groups. It is shown that the variance of Y chromosome length within a population is quadratically related with its mean if the Y chromosome length variation is caused only by variations in the number of copies of repeated DNA sequences. No such relationship is observed in the available data on relative lengths of the Y chromosome in various racial groups. We thus conclude that the length polymorphism in human Y chromosome may not be solely due to variations in the amount of Y chromosome-specific repeated DNA. PMID- 6545759 TI - Herpes simplex virus. Commentary. PMID- 6545761 TI - Wound healing. PMID- 6545760 TI - Herpes simplex virus infections in the newborn. PMID- 6545762 TI - Effect of occlusive dressings on wound healing. PMID- 6545763 TI - Effect of topically applied agents on healing wounds. PMID- 6545764 TI - Keloids and hypertrophic scars. PMID- 6545765 TI - Current wound management: a symposium. PMID- 6545766 TI - Cellular and molecular mechanisms in wound healing: selected concepts. PMID- 6545767 TI - Role of the epidermis and other epithelia in wound healing: selected concepts. PMID- 6545768 TI - Systemic drugs and nutritional aspects of wound healing. PMID- 6545769 TI - Postoperative cutaneous wound infections. PMID- 6545770 TI - Stress and skin diseases: psychosomatic dermatology. PMID- 6545771 TI - Stress and skin diseases: psychosomatic dermatology. PMID- 6545772 TI - The skin, touch, and human development. PMID- 6545773 TI - Psychiatric syndromes with dermatologic expression. PMID- 6545774 TI - Holistic approach to diagnosis in psychosomatic dermatology. PMID- 6545775 TI - Ethologic implications of the skin and its disturbances. PMID- 6545776 TI - Effect of skin diseases on attitudes and interpersonal behavior. PMID- 6545777 TI - Psychodynamics and ego structure in skin disease. PMID- 6545778 TI - Sexologic problems in dermatology. PMID- 6545779 TI - [Coenzyme forms of vitamin B12 and their physiologic significance]. PMID- 6545780 TI - [NK activity and the number of HNK-1+ cells in relation to age and sex]. PMID- 6545781 TI - [The effect of alpha-interferon on peripheral human lymphocytes]. PMID- 6545783 TI - Symposium on profiling. PMID- 6545782 TI - [The effect of the various methods of separating human lymphocytes on the blast transformation test]. PMID- 6545784 TI - Flexibility. AB - The information presented in this article is intended to make the reader aware of the most current research on the topic of flexibility and to make some practical suggestions for planning effective programs for developing flexibility in athletes. Though additional research needs to be done, we have enough knowledge to plan sound programs for reducing the incidence of injury and for promoting optimal performance among athletes in all sports. References for exercise selection and testing, as well as for documentation of the materials presented in this article are provided on the following pages. PMID- 6545785 TI - Pulmonary profiling in exercise. AB - The role of the lungs during exercise, the effect of physical training on lung function, and the attributes of lung function that are important for superior athletic performance are discussed. Also considered is the role of exercise in two common lung disorders, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6545786 TI - The profiling of professional football players. AB - We examined one professional football team over the course of the 1979 season in an attempt to divide the team into four basic positional categories of Line, TE LB, OB, and DB-WR. Numerous significant differences could be found between these groups with regard to speed, anthropometric data, strength, and performance tests. This indicates a great deal of homogeneity by position within the professional football roster. We then employed a statistical treatment called "discriminant analysis," which, based upon combinations of four variables (two for size, one for fat, one for strength), could place each player into his position with a very high degree of accuracy. This has important implications for selection of players when they make the transition from college to professional football. Finally, we again employed discriminant analysis within the positions, adding variables of muscle deficits, injury history, and playing time and were able to rank players into either the injured or noninjured categories. These equations had a sensitivity of 93.7 per cent and specificity of 96.1 per cent, with the overall injury rate of 38 per cent. This indicates that some characteristics may abet injury. The discriminant analysis allows for selection of variables to statistically profile the football player. This technique addresses the multiple factors that contribute to the success or injury of the player and should be of use in profiling any sport, especially on the professional level. PMID- 6545787 TI - Physiologic profiles of female professional ballerinas. AB - The prospect of the application of scientific techniques of physiology and movement science to dance promises to enhance not only the performance but also the safety of ballet dancing. The scientific analysis of nutrition, strength, and cardiovascular and movement demands of elite athletes in a great variety of competitive sports has increased our understanding of the stresses placed upon the body in these sports and in so doing has improved training techniques, enhanced performance, and helped to decrease the incidence of injuries. The application of these scientific analysis techniques to dance may reap similar benefits. Although the classical ballet teacher may, at first glance, be horrified by a computer analogue analysis of a grand jete, the information obtained from such studies may help him or her to decide when a young dancer is ready for such a technique or demonstrate a technical deficiency in the performance of such a technique. Similarly, the often debated question of when a young dancer should attempt pointe may become less subject to a teacher's intuition or parental pressure if research on the strength of muscles, bones, and ligaments teaches us the specific levels needed before this technique should be attempted. PMID- 6545788 TI - Musculoskeletal performance testing and profiling of elite competitive fencers. AB - Twenty-four male members of the 1976 United States Olympic Fencing Squad were profiled. Data were collected on anthropometry; flexibility; and muscular strength, endurance, and power. Five of the physical variables measured in the laboratory were shown to have a significant relationship to competitive success. PMID- 6545789 TI - Profiles of cross-country and alpine skiers. AB - Skiers were profiled in regard to cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, motor control, coordination, and muscle fiber composition. Skiing injuries were also profiled. The profile is useful in determining the potential for injury and in developing training programs to prevent injuries. PMID- 6545790 TI - Wrestling profile. AB - The profiling characteristics reported on include anthropometric data, cardiovascular fitness, flexibility, nutrition, and strength. This information can be useful to the coach and athlete in enhancing performance. Also discussed are the basic rules of wrestling. PMID- 6545791 TI - The value of sports profiling. AB - In his presidential presentation to the American Orthopedic Association in 1975, Inman said, "Man is a machine that moves . . . and expends energy." He was all too ahead of his time. Profiling, by recognizing that the body is a machine with links, studies the biophysical, biochemical, and biomechanical links of the body's systems. These studies, carried out on athletes and potential athletes of all ages, yield data with useful clinical and research applications. The continued use and study of profiling data will certainly enhance performance, increase enjoyment of athletes for years to come, and, we believe, prevent injury. PMID- 6545792 TI - The profile for prevention of musculoskeletal injury. AB - The musculoskeletal injury prevention profile has three components, namely, the performance demands of the sport, the risk factors, and the individual musculoskeletal examination. The examination consists of a history including the patient's exercise equipment and program, diet, and medication as well as a physical examination designed to quickly elicit areas that may harbor orthopedic pathology. PMID- 6545793 TI - Muscle strength and fiber typing. AB - The authors discuss fiber typing and morphologic changes resulting from training and how these affect athletic performance. Also considered is the concept of strength, its measurement and development, and how strength affects athletic performance, activity, and injury. PMID- 6545794 TI - [Bactericidal activity of octophene]. AB - In this study the bactericidal activity of Clofoctol has been evaluated by "in vitro" technique against gram-positive against gram-positive microorganisms clinically isolated. The results show that MIC of Clofoctol is very close to its bactericidal activity, which could therefore be retained as its main activity. The MBC recovered was 1-8 mcg/ml against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 2-8 mcg/ml against Streptococcus pyogenes, while the bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, evaluated at M.B.C., was recovered after 30'. PMID- 6545795 TI - [Assay of blood and urinary levels of 2 different solutions of cephalexin for oral administration]. AB - The characteristic of different cephalosporin derivates have been reviewed with the aim to correlate their pharmacokinetic. On the basis of these date it is possible to confirm that no difference exist between the two compounds. PMID- 6545796 TI - [Evaluation of a rapid computerized method (Cobas-Bact) for the determination of in vitro sensitivity to antibiotic drugs]. AB - 426 strains recent clinically isolates have been investigated with respect to their sensitivity against several chemioantibiotics. Data obtained with the Bauer and Kirby standard agar diffusion method have been compared with those carried out by using a new computerized system (Cobas-Bact, Roche), which is able to perform antibiograms in five hours. The performance of Cobas-Bact has been very significative, since the overall major concordance between the two methods was higher than 94%. PMID- 6545797 TI - [There exists an epidemiology of Legionella pneumophila in our country]. AB - The authors, after a brief relation on contribution given by international publications, relates about their study on Legionellosis epidemiology based on seroconversion results obtained comparing six different serotypes, precisely the ones from 1 to 6, over a sample of people living in the areas surrounding the two italian cities of Rome and Siena. This study has given proof of an high, and unaspected, seroconversion (over 27%) caused by Legionella Pneumophila. Titer was equal to or higher than 64, and there was a significantly higher incidence given by serotype 6 in both the examined areas. PMID- 6545798 TI - [Investigations on herpes 1 and 2 infections]. AB - The authors carried out a research on diffusion of Herpes virus 1 and 2 investigating specific serous antibodies over a sample of 1660 women living in Roma and in the surrounding area aged between 14 and 40 years; 595 of them were suspected to have an Herpes infection. The results of this research confirmed an high frequency of Herpes 1 and 2 infection in the examined sample. In order to correlate better the outcomes obtained by the investigation on the suspected sample 102 vaginal smear, executed on women suspected to have a developed infection, have been examined. The issues confirmed that it's useful to execute cytoimmunologic research in so far as such method seems to give more certainty in infection and disease identification than seroconversion investigation. PMID- 6545799 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infection has taken hold even in our country]. AB - The Yersinia enterocolitis is a kind of disease whose diffusion is gradually increasing in North Europe. The authors relates about the outcomes of a serum immunologic research conducted during the period 1982-84 on a sample of 965 adults coming from three different italian districts (Roma, Siena, Napoli) and 65 children coming from Napoli. They interpret antibody titers painted out by their research comparing them with ones reported in bibliography. The issue of this research, even if it was conducted only in three bordering central-southern Italy regions, can anticipate an indicative epidemiological image of this Country. PMID- 6545801 TI - [The planet Immunology]. PMID- 6545800 TI - [Umbilical and ocular infections due to environmental contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. An outbreak at the neonatal and obstetric sections of the Locri Community Hospital. Environmental microbiological research and relative results]. AB - By the end of the year 1979 and the beginning of 1980 in the departments of babies and obstetrics of our hospital, we registered an epidemic episode of umbilical and ocular infection for hospitality by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (about the 85% of the umbilical and conjunctival tampons sent to laboratory turned out be positive of these germs). At once we disposed a series of environmental checks; the result was that the cause of infection was originated in the wash bowl of these departments and, above all the ones fit to bath babies in the department of obstetrics. After timely measures of disinfection, further environmental checks proved the disappearing of these germs, only keeping a light positivity for the Pseudomonas in a wash bowl of the department of babies. We didn't have serious or mortal cases and all the strains by us isolated proved a good sensibility towards the antibiotics. PMID- 6545802 TI - Influence of the pineal gland and circadian rhythms in circulating levels of thyroid hormones of male hamsters. AB - Thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) were measured by radioimmunoassay in serum of hamsters sacrificed at 4-hr intervals throughout the daily light-dark cycle (14L/10D). Both T4 and T3 concentrations increased significantly during the L period of the daily cycle and decreased during the D period of the cycle; A.M. versus P.M. differences in free thyroxin indices (FTI) were also studied using the T4 and T3 uptake assays of Nuclear Medical Laboratories (Dallas, Texas). The free thyroxin index was significantly greater in serum samples of hamsters sacrificed at 7 P.M. than at 7 A.M. (lights on at 6:30 A.M.). Serum taken at 7 P.M. had less unsaturated binding sites than serum taken at 7 A.M. No significant A.M. versus P.M. differences in free thyroxin index were found in blind hamsters, although blind hamsters had significantly lower T4 and FTI than controls. Placing melatonin in the drinking water at a dose of 80 micrograms/ml did not significantly influence hormone levels. The greatest difference in hormone concentrations between control and blinded hamsters was found in P.M. samples. Blind hamsters had FTIs that were 48% of P.M. controls. Pinealectomy prevented the effects of blinding on T4 levels and FTIs. PMID- 6545803 TI - Increases in volume, fluid content, and lens weight of eyes following systemic administration of melatonin. AB - Melatonin's effects were studied in male golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) distributed among five surgical groups (nonoperated, sham-pinealectomized, sham pinealectomized plus black plastic shielding of the pineal region, pinealectomized, and pinealectomized plus black plastic shielding of the pineal region) and three injection groups (vehicle only, 25 micrograms melatonin, and 2,500 micrograms melatonin). Injections (s.c.) were daily for 28 d at L11 to L11.75 in a (light:dark) L:D 14:10 artificial photoperiod. Animals (N = 112) were killed and dissected on the day after the last injection (at 55-65 d of age). None of the surgical procedures affected weights of eyes or their parts, nor did they influence the effects of administered melatonin on the eyes. Melatonin caused an increase in absolute and relative eye weight and an increase in fluid content of intraocular space. The magnitudes of these effects were positively related to melatonin dose. These same eyes had a progressively lower weight of nonlenticular tissues with low to high doses of melatonin, probably in relation to greater fluid content, and suspected increase in intraocular pressure. Lens wet and dry weights were significantly greater in animals receiving melatonin, but only at the high dose. These actions of melatonin are likely to be direct and are shown to not require the presence of the pineal. Experiments of other designs are suggested in order to determine whether the effects of the low, near physiological, dose of melatonin represent physiological actions of endogenous melatonin, synthesized and released within the eye. However, effects of large doses of melatonin on the eye are still noteworthy in relation to interpretation of experiments employing such dosages, and of disease states involving changes in intraocular pressure. PMID- 6545804 TI - Quantitative cytological analysis of functional changes in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells in normal, sham-operated, and pinealectomized rats in relation to time of day: I. Nucleolar size. AB - Adrenaline (A)- and noradrenaline (N)-cells in juxtacortical and central areas of adrenal medullas of nonoperated, sham-operated, and pinealectomized male rats (n = 125) were investigated by quantitative electron and light microscopy. Animals were killed at eight time points during a standardized 24-h, light-dark (12:12) cycle 14 d after surgery. Diameters of nucleoli (n = 9,600) and the nucleolar margination rate were studied chiefly by light microscopy. Major findings include the following: Twenty-four-hour changes occurred in nucleolar diameters in adrenomedullary chromaffin cells in nonoperated animals, with the peak in the late dark phase (X +/- SD, A-cells: 1.29 +/- 0.06 micron; N-cells; 1.23 +/- 0.05 micron) and the minimum in the mid-light (A-cells: 1.16 +/- 0.04 micron) or early dark (N-cells: 1.14 +/- 0.03 micron) phase. These changes were markedly dampened (diminished) in sham-operated animals. Since this dampening of time-of-day changes after sham-operations was not seen in A-cells after pinealectomy, mediation by the gland of this dampening is suggested. Pinealectomized animals showed 24-h changes in nucleolar diameters, but these changes differed from those of nonoperated controls in their temporal and phase relations. For example, there was phase advance in A-cells in the juxtacortical area and desynchronization in N cells. Furthermore, rhythm amplitude was slightly increased in A-cells and slightly decreased in N-cells after pinealectomy. A- and N-cells differed from each other consistently and significantly in the quantitative morphology of their nuleoli and nuclei, and slightly in the patterns of their time-of-day changes in nucleolar size. Nucleolar size usually showed a tendency for a regional gradient, decreasing slightly from periphery toward the center. These observations contribute to our understanding of the chronobiology and functional relations of adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, and of the effects of pinealectomy and sham operations upon this system. PMID- 6545805 TI - A stereological study of the effects of the pineal gland on the ventral prostate of the rat. AB - Several procedures known to influence pineal gland secretion were studied for their effects on the ventral prostate of rats. Stereological measurements were made of volume fractions of acini and glandular epithelium, surface fractions of glandular epithelium, and length fractions of acini. From these figures and the weights of the glands, the volumes, surface areas, and lengths of these features were calculated, as well as the mean epithelial heights, mean acinar diameters, and mean distances between glandular acini. None of these measurements differed in sham-operated controls, pinealectomized, or blinded rats. In blind-anosmic rats, however, there were significant decreases in the weights of the prostates and the volumes of the acini, reflecting significant decreases in the mean diameters of acini. None of the other parameters differed from those of controls, except the length fraction of acini. These results differ from those described by others following castration in rats, indicating that the action of the pineal gland on the ventral prostate may be different from that of androgen deprivation, in this species. Caution should therefore be exercised in the interpretation of the results of experiments in which prostate weights are used as indications of the actions of pineal hormones on the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis. PMID- 6545806 TI - Quantitation of ultrastructural twenty-four-hour changes in pineal nuclear dimensions. AB - An ultrastructural stereological analysis was made of the nucleus in pinealocytes of 28 male Fischer rats sampled at seven times in a light:dark 12:12 photoperiod cycle. Comparisons of the data from the seven times, in relation to daily means, showed variations in mean nuclear cross-sectional surface area of +/- 16%, and in mean nuclear perimeter of +/- 10%. Peaks in both nuclear dimensions occurred at the middle of the light period and were coincident with the presence of elaborate nuclear configurations and deep indentations. At 2330 and 0430 (1 and 6 h after lights off) nuclear folding was generally less complex. Mitochondria were found in close association with the nuclear folds. Forty percent of nucleoli were marginated at all of the sampling times, except at 1130 (1 h after lights on) and at 2330 (1 h after lights off), when 50% and 35%, respectively, were marginated. PMID- 6545807 TI - Pinealectomy has no effect on diet-induced thermogenesis and brown adipose tissue proliferation in rats. AB - The role of the pineal gland in diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) and growth of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rats during voluntary overfeeding was studied using pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized rats. Overfeeding was induced by offering the animals a cafeteria-diet (CD) which contained a selection of highly palatable food items. Rats which were fed CD had significantly increased interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) mass and increased tail-skin temperature indicating the importance of the tail in thermoregulation during DIT. Pinealectomy had no effect on the increase in tail-skin temperature and deposition of IBAT, which were stimulated by CD feeding. These findings suggest that the pineal is not directly involved in modulating the metabolism of BAT in rats. PMID- 6545808 TI - Effects of melatonin and control injections on pineal serotonin and norepinephrine: afternoon injections lower serotonin levels thirty-six percent at light-dark transition. AB - Pineal weight and serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) contents were studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats that were maintained under controlled light:dark conditions (LD 14:10; lights on 0700-2100) and that received daily subcutaneous injections of either melatonin (20 micrograms in 0.1 ml per animal) or the same volume (0.1 ml) of vehicle alone, at one of two times (0800-0900 or 1800-1900). Animals were sacrificied at four times (1000, 1400, 2000, or 2300) on the day after the last of the 7 consecutive d of injection. Pineal glands were quickly weighed and then frozen for 5-HT and NE assay by the Maickel and Miller extraction and fluorescence methods. Pineal NE content showed differences related to time of day, in confirmation of early work. But no effects attributable specifically to melatonin were found. Melatonin also failed to affect pineal 5-HT content significantly. But injection of either melatonin or vehicle at 1800-1900 led to a reduction in 5-HT content averaging 36% when sampled at either 2000 or 2300, and in comparison with animals injected at 0800-0900. It is suggested that a stresslike or zeitgeberlike effect of injections within a critical period at the end of the daily light phase can cause an earlier-than-normal daily fall in pineal 5-HT content. PMID- 6545809 TI - Structure and ultrastructure of the aging rat pineal gland. AB - The pineal gland of rats 12-28 months old was studied with light and electron microscopes. All pineal components exhibited regressive changes of different intensity with age. In type I pinealocytes, there was a marked increase in dense bodies as well as the occasional appearance of wide cell profiles full of vesicles. Type II pinealocytes showed nuclear infoldings and cytoplasmic deposits of lipofuscin. Pineal stroma displayed an increase in connective tissue fibers, both collagen and oxytalan, as well as remains of basement membranes and other materials of unknown nature. Calcareous concretions were also found, mostly in the pineal capsule. All regressive changes were more intense with increasing age. PMID- 6545810 TI - The influence of various irradiances of artificial light, twilight, and moonlight on the suppression of pineal melatonin content in the Syrian hamster. AB - The purpose of the present studies using artificial light was to determine how the timing and duration of exposure influence the light-induced suppression of pineal melatonin levels in hamsters. An 8-min exposure to 0.186 microW/cm2 of cool white fluorescent light caused a continued depression of pineal melatonin even when animals were returned to darkness. In addition, the pineal gland does not appear to change its sensitivity to light throughout the night. A 20-min exposure to 0.019 microW/cm2 of cool white fluorescent light did not significantly suppress pineal melatonin during any time of the melatonin peak, whereas a 20-min exposure to 0.186 microW/cm2 was capable of always suppressing melatonin. Furthermore, increasing the duration of 0.019-microW/cm2 exposure to 30, 60, 120, or 180 min does not increase the capacity of this irradiance to depress melatonin. Similar to artifical light, natural light has a variable capacity for suppressing nocturnal levels of pineal melatonin. Twilight irradiances of 0.138 microW/cm2 or less did not suppress nocturnal melatonin whereas twilight irradiances of 3.0 microW/cm2 or greater did suppress pineal melatonin. A few animals did have lower melatonin after a 40-min exposure to full moonlight during July (0.045 microW/cm2) or January (0.240 microW/cm2). However, pineal melatonin levels remained high in the majority of animals exposed to full moonlight. PMID- 6545812 TI - Responses of synaptic ribbons in pineal photoreceptors under normal and experimental lighting conditions. AB - The size of synaptic ribbons (SR) in photoreceptor cells of the goldfish pineal organ was quantified over 24-h light:dark cycles of long (16:8) and short (10:14) photoperiods during summer and winter months, respectively. The amplitude of both rhythms was similar with peak values occurring toward the latter part of the photophase or early dark. When fish were entrained to the long photoperiod and exposed to continual light, SR size continued to increase during the expected dark time. The effect of extending the photoperiod into the expected dark time was diminished when fish were entrained to a short photoperiod and presented with 6 h of darkness at the end of the 24-h period. The size increase in response to environmental lighting is believed to reflect a greater demand for either vesicle attachment sites or neurotransmitter storage sites since vesicles (neurotransmitter) have been hypothesized to accumulate in the synaptic pedicles during inhibition by light. From a comparative standpoint it is noteworthy that synaptic ribbons (vesicle-crowned rods) in mammals react in a similar manner to both normal and experimental lighting conditions. PMID- 6545811 TI - Daily profiles of N-acetyltransferase measured at a single time in rat pineal glands, retinas, and Harderian glands. AB - Serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity (NAT) exhibited a daily cycle in light:dark (LD) 14:10 when it was measured in pineal glands taken from rats killed at a sequence of time points. The ratio of peak subjective night NAT to minimum subjective day NAT was 10.9/0.3 nmol per pineal gland per hour. When the rats were placed in constant dark the rhythm persisted (8.2/0.02). When the rats were placed in constant light the rhythm persisted with markedly attenuated amplitude (0.6/0.02). We also measured NAT profiles in rat pineal glands, Harderian glands, and retinas with alternative methods. We kept rats on six LD 14:10 light-dark cycles with lights-out beginning at midnight, 2 AM, 4 AM, 6 AM, 8 AM, or 10 AM and killing all the rats at one time point, 10 AM. We examined the NAT time profiles 4, 8, and 11 days following placement of the rats in the phase shifted cycles. In addition, we measured the NAT profile in LD 2:22 and LD 22:2 by keeping the rats on twelve cycles for 11 days and killing all the rats at one time. Pineal NAT exhibited a rhythm in all the cycles: peak-dark/nadir-light values (nmol product per gland per hour) were 15.6/0.1 in LD 14:10, controls killed at successive time points. The ratios for the profiles obtained using the one time point procedure were 16.7/0.1 in LD 14:10 8.5/0.2 in LD 22.2, and 12.9/0.2 in LD 2.22. Increasing the photoperiod reduced the time to the NAT peak.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6545813 TI - Seasonal changes in glycogen level and size of pinealocytes of the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus: a semiquantitative histochemical study. AB - Glycogen level in and size of pinealocytes of the feral, white-footed mouse Peromyscus leucopus, were studied by a semiquantitative histochemical method to determine whether seasonal changes exist in them under natural conditions, what temporal pattern they exhibit, and whether 24-hour changes in these parameters exist in different seasons, as shown in the laboratory dd-mice. Marked seasonal changes were seen in both glycogen levels and nuclear densities (ANOVA p less than 0.005). The size of pinealocytes at 09:00 to 10:00 showed one peak (and nadir) seasonal change, with the smallest size in winter (December and February) and a larger size in warmer seasons, with the maximum value in July. Glycogen level in pinealocytes at 09:00 to 10:00 showed bimodal seasonal changes, with lower levels in fall and spring and higher levels in winter and summer. In fall, a circadian trend in glycogen level in pinealocytes was seen, with a higher level at the end of the light period. In winter, the glycogen levels were very high at 09:00, 13:00, 17:00, and 21:00 examined and showed dampening of time-of-day differences. On the other hand, the size of pinealocytes followed a time-of-day change (P less than 0.005), being largest at 13:00 and smallest at 21:00. Thus, marked changes in quantitative structure and chemical activities, suggesting changes in functional activity, in pinealocytes were noted especially in severe, cold winter. PMID- 6545814 TI - Pineal arginine vasotocin activity increases 200-fold during August in adult rats and hamsters. AB - In a previous study, measurements of arginine vasotocin-immunoactivity (iAVT) in immature rats over a period of 14 months, led to the discovery of a significant yearly variation, with peak levels of iAVT in August. In the present study, iAVT was measured in pineals obtained from mature male and female rats and hamsters once or twice weekly from July until early September 1982. For all groups, mean pineal AVT-immunoactivity was less that 7 pg/gland in early July, but then increased significantly by August 11-13. For hamsters, maximum values of 1,272 +/ 49 (mean +/- S.E.: n = 3) and 1,065 +/- 62 pg/gland were recorded for males and females, respectively. For rats, peak values measured were 940 +/- 12 pg/gland for males and 1,040 +/- 34 for females. The AVT-activity levels then decreased to less than 100 pg/gland by early September. Thus, a dramatic August elevation of pineal iAVT is characteristic of hamsters as well as rats, and of mature as well as immature animals. PMID- 6545815 TI - Effects of pinealectomy and aging on the serum corticosterone circadian rhythm in rats. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were housed in alternate light/dark conditions (light on, 7:00 AM, light off, 7:00 PM). Corticosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay from blood samples that were obtained by tail clip at 4-h intervals. Pinealectomized animals have shown significant increase of corticosterone levels at 7:00 AM, 11:00 AM and 7:00 PM in comparison with 2-month old intact rats. There were no differences in serum corticosterone rhythm between 24-month-old and pinealectomized animals. Twelve-month-old rats have shown significant increase of corticosterone levels at 7:00 and 11:00 AM in comparison with 2-month-old animals. The age-associated increase of serum corticosterone and the similarity between serum corticosterone circadian rhythm in aged and pinealectomized animals suggest that an age-related decrease in melatonin production [Reiter et al., 1981] may contribute to age related changes of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis regulation. PMID- 6545816 TI - No correlation of pineal "synaptic" ribbon numbers and melatonin formation in individual rat pineal glands. AB - As previous circadian studies of pineal "synaptic" ribbon numbers and melatonin formation suggested that a positive correlation of the two variables exists, in the present investigation this problem was examined in individual pineal glands of rats killed at 1200 h and 2400 h, respectively. For this purpose, one half of the gland was processed for electron microscopy and the ribbons were counted in an area of 20,000 micron2 tissue; in the other half serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity and melatonin content were determined. No correlation was found to exist between ribbon numbers and pineal NAT activity, pineal melatonin levels and serum melatonin levels, either at day- or at nighttime. It is concluded that the ribbons may perhaps be more closely related to the innervation of the pineal gland than to melatonin formation. PMID- 6545817 TI - Characterization of dopaminergic receptor sites in bovine pineal gland. AB - In addition to beta-adrenergic receptor agonists, L-dopa and dopamine have been also shown to activate the production of melatonin and its synthesizing enzyme, serotonin N-acetyltransferase. In an attempt to characterize dopaminergic receptor sites, bovine pineal synaptosomes were prepared by differential centrifugation techniques. Washed disrupted synaptic membranes were used to study 3H-spiroperidol binding, using standard membrane-binding techniques. Association of 3H-spiroperidol to pineal membranes was very rapid, reaching equilibrium within 2 min and remaining stable for 20 min. Dissociation was also rapid with a t 1/2 of 3 min. Analysis of saturation studies (0.035 to 20 nM spiroperidol, 16 concentrations) using the LIGAND program indicated the presence of two binding sites with KDS (dissociation equilibrium constant) of 0.18 nM and 2.1 nM. The Bmax's (receptor density) of the sites were 37 and 630 fmoles/mg protein respectively. The IC50S of haloperidol, cis-flupenthixol, and chlorpromazine were 8, 12, and 80 nM, respectively, while those of pipamperone, cyproheptadine, and cinanserin were 60, 400, and 1500 nM. These and other data indicate that the most abundant site is a dopamine D2 receptor while the less abundant site may be a serotonin receptor. The function of dopamine and dopaminergic neurons in bovine pineal gland is not known and has not been established. PMID- 6545818 TI - Studies on the kinetics of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin in the rat at mid light and mid-dark. AB - The distribution and disappearance of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin after intravenous injection were studied at mid-light and mid-dark. Male rats were adapted under a photoperiod of 12 h light and 12 h dark cycle for a minimum of 1 week. After the intravenous injection of melatonin (10 micrograms), N acetylserotonin (10 micrograms), or 3H-melatonin (76 ng), blood samples were collected at 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, and 120 min. The concentrations of indoles in the plasma samples were determined by radioimmunoassay, while the radioactivity of 3H-melatonin was determined by scintillation counting. The distribution of melatonin and N-acetylserotonin followed a two-compartment model, showing an initial distribution phase followed by an elimination phase. The biological half-life of melatonin at mid-light and mid-dark were similar but the volume of distribution (V beta and Vc) and metabolic clearance rate (C1s) were greater at mid-dark than at mid-light. The estimated melatonin secretory rate at mid-dark was fivefold greater than that at mid-light. When 3H-melatonin was used, the half-life was significantly longer. A diurnal difference in the distribution was also evident in the N-acetylserotonin studies. The volume of distribution (V beta and Vc) was greater at mid-dark while the C1s was not significantly faster at mid-dark compared with that at mid-light. However, the estimated N acetylserotonin secretory rate at mid-dark was eightfold greater than at mid light. PMID- 6545819 TI - Effects of experimentally induced chronic hyperprolactinemia on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in male rats. AB - The influence on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes of long-term hyperprolactinemia caused by ectopic pituitary transplants and of suppression of prolactin release by bromocriptine was examined morphometrically in male rats. Hyperprolactinemia resulted in an increase in the relative volumes of granular endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles containing a flocculent material, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. Treatment of grafted rats with bromocriptine reversed the effects of hyperprolactinemia. However, bromocriptine had no apparent influence on the pinealocytes of intact rats. The effects of hyperprolactinemia on the ependymallike secretory process in the pinealocyte were especially pronounced. PMID- 6545820 TI - Characterization of a pineal-mediated inhibition of pubertal prolactin cell development in blind-anosmic female rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to define the peripubertal changes in prolactin (PRL) synthesis in blind-anosmic female rats. To do this prepubertal female rats were either rendered blind-anosmic (BA) or blind-anosmic-pinealectomized (BAP) or left intact (INT). Half the animals were killed after 1 wk (before puberty) while the remaining animals were terminated after 4 wk (after puberty). Pituitary PRL synthesis was measured by the in vitro incorporation of 3H-leucine into PRL. Anterior pituitary weight and DNA content did not differ between BA, BAP, and INT animals 1 wk after treatment. There was a 65% increase in weight and a 55% increase in DNA content in INT pituitaries between 1 and 4 wk. While these increases were also present in BAP rats, they were almost entirely prevented in BA animals. PRL synthesis followed a similar pattern with a 78% increase in synthesis in INT groups between 1 and 4 wk which was, once again, almost entirely absent in BA rats. Pinealectomy prevented this effect. Blinding and anosmia in postpubertal animals produced only a minor decrease in PRL synthesis and pituitary weight and no decrease in pituitary cell number. From these data we conclude that the pineal can inhibit the normal proliferation of PRL cells that occurs during puberty in blind-anosmic female rats. PMID- 6545821 TI - Electroconvulsive shock: effect on pineal and hypothalamic indoles. AB - Chronic electroconvulsive shock (ECS) did not significantly alter pineal concentrations of melatonin. Statistically significant decreases of serotonin, however, were found in both the pineal and hypothalamus. These results support the previous reports of serotoninergic receptor supersensitivity following repeated ECS, and suggest serotoninergic involvement but do not necessarily exclude adrenergic involvement in the antidepressant effect of electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 6545822 TI - Synaptic junctions between the adrenergic axon varicosity and the pinealocyte in the rat. AB - Intercellular relationships of sympathetic nerve fibers and cells in pineal glands of Long-Evans rats and yellow-bellied country rats (Rattus losea Swinhoe) were studied with conventional electron microscopy. Typical synapses were found between adrenergic axon varicosities and pinealocytes. The synaptic cleft was 20 30 nm thick and contained granular or filamentous material of moderate electron density. Some small granulated vesicles attached to, or fused with, the presynaptic axolemma, a feature suggesting an exocytotic release of the vesicle content. The occurrence of membranous cisternae or tubules in the synaptic nerve ending may connote the phenomenon of synaptic vesicle recycling. Beneath the postsynaptic pinealocyte plasmalemma there was a dense plaque corresponding to the postsynaptic density of neurons. Possible origins and functional significance of the synapse-making nerve fibers are also discussed. PMID- 6545823 TI - Cytochemical analysis of calcium distribution in the superficial pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil. AB - The potassium pyroantimonate-osmium method was employed to determine the distribution of cations in the superficial pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil. The reaction product in the glands was presumed to be calcium following the use of both the chelator EGTA and x-ray microanalysis. A gradient of reaction product was found in the pineal with the highest concentrations occurring in and around the pineal concretions (PC). The periphery of mature PC demonstrated a heavy precipitate as did the surrounding pinealocytes. PC-associated pinealocytes contained reaction product in many organelles, including small vesicles that appeared to be opening in the direction of the concretions. The vacuoles of the pinealocytes contained various concentrations of precipitate. The results obtained in the present investigation have led to a hypothesis on the formation of pineal concretions: a pinealocyte vacuole is formed, calcium is transported to the vacuole, the cation content of the vacuole increases, and the cations precipitate into an immature concretion. Fibrillar material and an amorphous substance located within the pinealocyte vacuole appear to form cation containing vesicles that contribute to the periphery of the developing PC, resulting in the continued growth of the concretion. PMID- 6545824 TI - Melatonin inhibits prostaglandin E release from the medial basal hypothalamus of pinealectomized rats. AB - The effects of pinealectomy and of melatonin administration on prostaglandin E synthesis in the medial basal hypothalamus were studied in male rats. Melatonin treatment significantly decreased prostaglandin E release from the medial basal hypothalamus in pinealectomized rats. The results of the present study suggest that melatonin modulates hypothalamo-hypophyseal function, at least in part, via inhibition of hypothalamic prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6545825 TI - The ultrastructure of the nerve fibers and pinealocytes in the rat pineal stalk. AB - In view of the increasing interest in the central innervation of the mammalian pineal gland, this aspect was studied in depth in the rat. This species is especially suited since the nerve fibers in question form a distinct bundle running from the deep to the superficial pineal gland through the pineal stalk. The axons were counted and analysed ultrastructurally in the pineal stalks cut transversely at three levels (proximal, intermediate, and distal) relative to the neural axis and in longitudinal sections. The number of nerve fibers was highly variable, ranging from 551 to 1,132 proximally and from 110 to 448 distally, indicating that many fibers terminate in the stalk or leave the stalk after forming a loop. Large myelinated axons, which are abundant proximally, appear to lose their sheaths along their course through the stalk. Most of the axons were small and unmyelinated. A few of these had the appearance of sympathetic fibers and disappeared after sympathectomy. Others contained abundant neurosecretory granules, and, according to the literature, may originate in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei. The majority of the small axons which are apparently devoid of granules and dense-cored vesicles may come from the habenular nuclei and the stria medullaris. In addition to axons, the stalk contains astrocytes, a few oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, as well as pinealocytes identical to those of the superficial pineal gland. PMID- 6545826 TI - Effect of acute light exposure upon melatonin content, NAT activity, and nuclear volume in the gerbil pineal complex. AB - This report describes the response of both the superficial and deep components of the gerbil pineal gland to a 30-min pulse of fluorescent light at the time of the nocturnal peak in pineal activity. When gerbils were maintained in a 14 h light:10 h dark photoperiod, mean melatonin concentrations in the superficial pineal gland ranged between 72 and 108 pg/gland during the day and first 4 h of darkness, rose to a peak of 399 pg/gland 7 h after lights out, then returned to basal levels at the expected time of light onset. Pineal melatonin contents were reduced to daytime values within 30 min after exposure of gerbils to fluorescent light at the time of the nocturnal peak. These changes in superficial pineal melatonin content reflected the circadian pattern in serotonin N acetyltransferase (NAT) activity, as would be expected if NAT controls melatonin synthesis. In addition to the reductions in NAT and melatonin content induced by nocturnal photic stimulation, there was a 30% reduction in mean pinealocyte nuclear volume. A nocturnal elevation in melatonin content but not in NAT activity occurred in the deep pineal gland. Unlike the superficial pineal gland, the deep pineal gland did not demonstrate a response in melatonin content, NAT activity, or pinealocyte nuclear volumes upon exposure of gerbils to light at the time of the nocturnal peak in superficial pineal activity. PMID- 6545827 TI - Scorpion sting. PMID- 6545828 TI - Vasectomy. PMID- 6545829 TI - [Prevalence of herpes simplex in pregnant women and present status of the disease]. PMID- 6545830 TI - [Vaginal delivery in patients with hysterorrhaphy]. PMID- 6545831 TI - [Emphysematous vaginitis: a clinical case]. PMID- 6545832 TI - [Plasma estriol in the hypertension of pregnancy]. PMID- 6545833 TI - [Breast cancer and pregnancy]. PMID- 6545834 TI - Observation on the outbreak of lumpy skin disease in Ethiopia. PMID- 6545835 TI - [Bovine dermatophilosis in Shaba, Zaire]. PMID- 6545836 TI - A serological survey of sheep sera for antibodies to Pasteurella haemolytica serotypes in the Sudan. PMID- 6545837 TI - Infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) among Sudanese sheep. PMID- 6545838 TI - [Note on a case of heartwater in the Congo People's Republic]. PMID- 6545839 TI - [Note on outbreaks of anaplasmosis in indigenous zebu cattle in Senegal]. PMID- 6545840 TI - [Release of irradiated males in the integrated campaign against Glossina in the Sideradougou pastoral area (Burkina Faso)]. PMID- 6545841 TI - Attraction of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans submorsitans to acetone, 1-octen 3-ol, and the combination of these compounds in West Africa. PMID- 6545842 TI - [Hematological parameters of cattle in ranching. Case of the pastoral area of High-Lomami (Shaba) Zaire]. PMID- 6545843 TI - Influence of age and pregnancy on serum calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity in red Sokoto goats. PMID- 6545844 TI - [Sexual cycle of N'Dama cows and heifers raised in the Zootechnic Research Center at Sotuba (Mali). I. Effect of the use of a teaser bull on the rate of estrus detection]. PMID- 6545845 TI - [Sex cycle in N'Dama cows and heifers raised in the Zootechnic Research Center in Sotuba (Mali). II. Characteristics of the estrus cycle and the estrus]. PMID- 6545846 TI - [Genetic improvement of N'Dama cattle. Studies on the extensive system in Mali. I. Characteristics of N'Dama livestock at the Madina-Diassa ranch]. PMID- 6545847 TI - [Structural and cytochemical characterization of the salivary glands of adrenalectomized rats]. PMID- 6545848 TI - [Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum]. PMID- 6545849 TI - [Extensive esophageal duplication by the septum. Treatment with electrocoagulation under fibroscopic control]. PMID- 6545850 TI - [Current status of breast cancer surgery]. PMID- 6545851 TI - [Anaerobic bacteriology and microbial association]. PMID- 6545852 TI - [Magnesium in nutrition]. PMID- 6545853 TI - [Intent of the early detection of arterial hypertension in young university students]. PMID- 6545854 TI - [Tobacco and chronic bronchitis. Early detection of pulmonary function changes in smokers]. PMID- 6545855 TI - [Ureteral lesions in gynecological surgery]. PMID- 6545857 TI - [Reproducibility of the indices of apex cardiographic contractility]. PMID- 6545856 TI - [Fetal monitoring. Application of the modified Fisher score]. PMID- 6545858 TI - [New interpretation of the mechanisms that regulate the activity of lactotropic cells]. PMID- 6545859 TI - [Cutaneous reaction due to spider pollito (Grammostola doeringi)]. PMID- 6545860 TI - [Pneumonia due to the aspiration of vegetables]. PMID- 6545862 TI - [Abstracts of the 49th annual meeting of the German Society for Heart and Circulation Research. 8-10 April, Mannheim]. PMID- 6545861 TI - [The enzyme aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and its relation to cancer]. PMID- 6545863 TI - [Bladder neck and urethral obstructions in childhood. Radiological study (review and personal case reports)]. AB - In the first part the authors report a nosological review of the obstructions of the bladder neck and urethra in childhood and present the most typical radiological aspects of the most important obstructive uropathies. In the second part they illustrate their cases, that include 11 patients between 0 and 10 years, of which 4 males, with urethral valves; 2 females, with external urethral meatus stenosis; 1 male, with non valvular stenosis of urethra: 2 one male and one female, with extrinsic obstruction by ectopic ureterocele; and 2 females, with neurologic bladder. The authors point out the cases with obstruction by posterior urethral valves and by ectopic ureterocele, mainly for the severe hydrodynamic effects of low obstruction on bladder, ureters and pelvis; the authors present, in some cases, also later radiological examinations, obtained after surgical removal of the obstruction. The two cases of neurological bladder are presented in order to point out the difficulty of an exclusively radiological differential diagnosis between some cases of true mechanical obstruction and obstruction caused by neuromuscular disorder of low urinary tract. At last the Authors confirm again the usefulness, but also the limits, of the radiological examination alone in diagnosis of the obstructions of bladder neck and urethra in childhood. PMID- 6545864 TI - [Open and closed injuries of the abdomen (review of 107 surgically treated cases)]. AB - The authors relate about 107 cases of multiple injuries observed from 1975 to 1984. The causes of trauma, the different injuries caused by trauma, the association of different injuries intra and extra abdominal are examined; the diagnostic procedure, the results obtained, mortality, complications. The studied patients are divided on the basis of the trauma occurred. These data support the position that, in patients with severe multiple injuries, certain criteria, as rapidly increasing abdominal distension or uncorrectable hypotension and isolated rigidity of abdominal wall, eliminate the need for diagnostic examinations and make these procedures unwise waste of valuable time. PMID- 6545865 TI - [Is voluntary abortion to be regarded now as a contraceptive?]. AB - The first part of the work deals with voluntary abortion recidivity. A casuistry of about 200 cases, divided into several groups according to the age, is considered. It is compared to the official data of Italy and other countries. The second part deals with the relationship between voluntary abortion and contraception. Some concrete proposals to reduce the number of voluntary abortions are presented. PMID- 6545866 TI - Synthetic antigens. Proceeding of the first international conference. Siena, Italy, 29-30 October 1984. PMID- 6545867 TI - The use of synthetic peptides for analysing the specificity and affinity of anti HBs antibodies in human sera. PMID- 6545868 TI - Synthetic peptides and malaria surface antigens. PMID- 6545869 TI - Protein antigen conformation: folding patterns and predictive algorithms; selection of antigenic and immunogenic peptides. PMID- 6545870 TI - Binding specificity of a monoclonal antibody towards a synthetic peptide corresponding to an antigenic determinant common to human chorionic somatomammotropin and human growth hormone. PMID- 6545871 TI - [The clinical value of the early diagnosis of ocular mycoses]. PMID- 6545872 TI - [Macular degeneration in hereditary metabolic diseases in children (inborn errors of metabolism)]. PMID- 6545873 TI - [Surgery of retinal detachment using a temporary explant. Preliminary observation]. PMID- 6545874 TI - [Effects of surgery on the AC/A ratio in esotropia]. PMID- 6545875 TI - [Ocular manifestations of progressive supranuclear paralysis]. PMID- 6545876 TI - [Development of a case of retinopathy caused by carbon disulfide poisoning]. PMID- 6545877 TI - [Unilateral exophthalmos caused by an orbital meningocele in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6545878 TI - [Prevention of decentration of implants in capsular fixation in the lens]. PMID- 6545879 TI - [The treatment of dry eye with Lacrisert]. PMID- 6545880 TI - [The ophthalmologist confronts the rehabilitation of blind persons and the visually impaired]. PMID- 6545881 TI - [Questions and answers on reading with Braille]. PMID- 6545882 TI - [Preoperative complications of the implantation technic in the capsular sac]. PMID- 6545883 TI - [Refractive power of crystalline lens implants. 500 case reports]. PMID- 6545884 TI - Infantile digital fibromatosis. PMID- 6545885 TI - A study on groin dermatitis (an analysis of 220 cases). PMID- 6545886 TI - Idiopathic atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini. PMID- 6545887 TI - Melanokeratosis from arsenic contaminated tubewell water. PMID- 6545888 TI - Degenerative collagenous plaques of the hands. PMID- 6545889 TI - Madura foot. PMID- 6545890 TI - Study of 1324 cases of dermatomycoses. PMID- 6545891 TI - Hearing-impaired children's performance on the Edgerton and Danhauer Nonsense Syllable Test. AB - The monaural performance of 7 girls, aged 8:8-14:8 yrs, with mild-to-moderate hearing losses, was assessed at SLs of 25, 35, 45, and 55 db on List A of a commercially available taped version (Auditec of St. Louis) of the Edgerton and Danhauer (1979) nonsense syllable test (NST). Ss' verbal responses were transcribed phonetically and scored by phoneme, consonant, vowel, and bisyllabic methods. The phoneme method was preferred. There were no age effects. Performance improved slightly as SL increased. Results were favorably compared to those of earlier studies on this and other versions of the NST; these preliminary data indicate that the NST is useful for assessing children's phoneme perception. PMID- 6545892 TI - Post-noise-exposure auditory sensitivity and temporal integration recovery functions. AB - Normal-hearing young adults (N:12) were exposed to a band-limited noise (1.4-2 kc/s) at 100 db SPL for 15 min. Pre- and post-exposure threshold measurements were made at 2 and 4 kc/s at durations of 500 and of 20 msec, at time intervals of TTS2, TTS15 and every 30-min interval thereafter for 4 hrs. Greater TTS occurred at both frequencies with the 500-msec than with the 20-msec duration. Threshold recovery patterns over time were similar for both durations but thresholds for the 20-msec duration recovered sooner. There was a delayed recovery function at 4 kc/s for the relative differences (20 vs 500 msec). Implications of the findings were discussed. PMID- 6545893 TI - Dichotic training. AB - Children (aged 7-10 yrs) who were referred because of learning disabilities and found to have abnormal SSW scores were divided into Experimental and Control Groups. All had essentially normal pure-tone ac HTLs, tympanograms, and W-22 word discrimination scores. Pre-therapy baselines were also obtained on a speech-to noise (S-in-N) task, a test of phonemic synthesis (PS) and a new procedure with staggered dichotic digits (SDD) patterned after the SSW. The therapy for the 5 Exper. Ss consisted of 15 lessons, given 1 hr each, 2 per week, using staggered dichotic digits [termed Digit Offset Therapy (DOT)]. The "competing" portion of the items ranged from complete overlap to 500-msec separation. The therapy program began with the most widely separated items first, followed by those with greater overlap in the succeeding lessons. Following DOT, the original test battery was readministered to both groups. During the therapy, significant improvement was noted for the Exper. Grp from Sessions 5 through 15 (less than .05 level) compared to the pre-therapy baseline. On the central tests, pre- and post-therapy, the Exper. Grp improved significantly over the Controls (.01 level) on the SDD test. There were also trends toward improvement for the Exper. Grp over the Controls on the SSW and S-in-N tests but neither reached statistical significance. Neither group improved in PS. Explanations for the test findings are discussed. PMID- 6545894 TI - Dichotic abilities in children, normal adults and aphasic adults for open- and closed-context words. AB - School children (N: 147, distributed across grades from K through 5), 15 normal adults aged 19-30 yrs, and 11 aphasic adults with stabilized aphasia either of traumatic (N: 5) or cerebrovascular (N: 6) origin were used to explore the non acoustic element of cognition as an influence on dichotic behavior. All Ss were audiometrically normal. Dichotic performances were assessed across age and condition. Pairs of words from the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (open-context) and common color names (closed-context) were presented simultaneously to both ears at about 70 db SPL by stereo tapes and earphones. Each pair was adjusted to +/- 3 msec for time-of-onset and +/- 4 db in level. S reported words heard. Performance was assessed for single- and for double-correct responses and for order-of-report (L-first, R-first) bias. Consistent with earlier findings, children showed R-ear-advantage in the single-correct and order-of-report measures for both stimulus sets. Double-correct scores were considerably and significantly higher for all Ss for the closed-context words. The older children (Grade 5) performed at adult levels on the double-correct measure for closed context words, but not on any measure for the open-context words. The children's order-of-report biases were nearly identical to the normal adults'. As expected, the aphasic subgroups performed poorer than any normal subgroups, except K, and those of traumatic etiology yielded responses generally poorer than those of cerebrovascular origin. From the stabilized aphasic patient data we conclude that the R hemisphere appears to have a compensatory capacity for language acquisition subsequent to L hemisphere damage, and that dichotic testing is sensitive not only in aphasia generally, but can distinguish between certain aphasiogenic categories. PMID- 6545895 TI - Middle-component AERs during backward masking. AB - This study examined the middle-component averaged electroencephalic response (AER) to tonal stimuli presented in a backward-masking paradigm. Ss were 4 normal hearing young adults. Tone-Only (TO), Masker-Only (MO), and Tone-Masker (TM) responses were collected. The visual impression was that the TO response was not significantly different from the extracted response to the tone (T) from the TM response. This result obtained when the tone in the TM condition was presented either slightly above (+5 db) or slightly below (-5 db) perceptual threshold. Backward masking was discussed in terms of two contrasting views of the auditory system: the classical auditory nervous system alone and a parallel system combining the classical auditory and the reticular sensory systems. Speculations were made for each system regarding the type of AER expected for a stimulus submerged in backward masking. The mechanism responsible for backward masking was seen as a preperceptual device that allows discrete samples of the auditory environment to be processed. This mechanism was discussed in terms of its possible relation to forward masking and to loudness enhancement. PMID- 6545896 TI - Membranous nephropathy--clinical course and prognosis in 75 patients. PMID- 6545897 TI - Prevalence of Australia antigen in blood donors of Rajendra Medical College Hospital, Ranchi. PMID- 6545898 TI - Oral paediatric premedication. PMID- 6545899 TI - Role of zinc in nephrolithiasis. PMID- 6545900 TI - Presence of sex chromatin in breast cancer patients. PMID- 6545901 TI - Evaluation of bleeding disorder in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6545902 TI - Gall-stone: clinical analysis of 100 cases in Kashmir. PMID- 6545903 TI - Ewing's tumour of the mandible. PMID- 6545904 TI - Non-functioning retroperitoneal paraganglioma. PMID- 6545905 TI - Granulomatous duodenitis in a child. PMID- 6545906 TI - Hydatid disease in children. PMID- 6545907 TI - Giant pigmented naevus. PMID- 6545908 TI - Abdominal pregnancy. PMID- 6545909 TI - Anaphylactic shock due to streptomycin sulphate. PMID- 6545910 TI - Choriocarcinoma following M.T.P. PMID- 6545911 TI - Apartheid in blood. PMID- 6545912 TI - Capitation fee--commercialisation of medical education. PMID- 6545913 TI - Rural medical relief--how to tackle it? PMID- 6545914 TI - Health care and taxes. PMID- 6545915 TI - Evaluation of the use of pregnancy monitoring charts by village cadres & PKK, a case study. PMID- 6545916 TI - The influence of desensitization on the recovery of allergy, in particular asthma. PMID- 6545918 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER). PMID- 6545919 TI - [Anemia in pregnant women at 2 health centers of the city of Recife, PE]. PMID- 6545917 TI - Osteopetrosis. A report of four cases. PMID- 6545920 TI - Surgical management of cysts of the head of the pancreas. AB - Thirty patients with cysts of the cephalic portion of the pancreas treated by operation between 1966 and 1980 were reviewed to determine whether any variation existed from the usual treatment of cysts of the body and tail of the gland. Sixteen patients had chronic pancreatitis, six had acute pancreatitis, four had cysts of indeterminate causes, three had adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and in one patient a cyst developed after external trauma. External drainage was used in 14 patients, internal drainage in ten patients, and combinations of cyst drainage and anastomosis of Wirsung's duct or resection were performed in six patients. No operative deaths occurred, and the rate of cyst recurrence was minimal. Diabetes mellitus developed in 40% of patients with chronic pancreatitis despite conservative management. Recurrent pain in 13 patients and the discovery of associated carcinoma in one patient at initial treatment and later in two others cast doubt on the usefulness of simple internal or external drainage of cysts for pain except in a setting of acute pancreatitis. Resection of the pancreatic head or drainage of dilated pancreatic ducts should more often be carried out in the primary treatment of cephalic cysts with pain due to chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6545921 TI - Cholelithiasis in children in a Chinese hospital: report of 52 cases. AB - Over a period of 22 years (1958-1980), 52 children with cholelithiasis were treated in the Hunan Medical College Hospital in Ghangsha, China. Enteric helminthiasis is a common endemic disease in China and the countries of the Far East. Common in this region also is biliary ascariasis, which can precipitate an abdominal emergency in children. Both these conditions make differentiation of primary acute cholecystitis from the acute cholecystitis that is a complication of biliary ascariasis difficult in children. But, whatever the etiology of the disease, cholelithiasis was confirmed in all 52 children, an incidence of 1:62.4 the frequency of this disease in adults, or eight times higher than that which occurs in Western countries. Table 1 shows the distribution according to sex and age in our patients. PMID- 6545922 TI - Symptomatic and asymptomatic ulcer recurrence following highly selective vagotomy. AB - An assessment of outcome has been made after highly selective vagotomy performed by two surgeons on 174 patients. The median time to followup was 36 months (range 3-94). The group comprised 74% males and 26% females (median age 45 years, range 19-75). Assessment was by review of medical history, endoscopy (irrespective of presence or absence of symptoms) and questionnaire. Symptomatic ulcer recurrence had already been diagnosed in 16 patients (9%). There were 2 unassociated deaths and 14 patients remained untraced. The remaining 142 patients were assessed by questionnaire and asked to undergo an endoscopy. One hundred and nineteen agreed to endoscopy and ulcers were found in 11 patients (9%). Five were sited in the duodenum and 6 in the stomach. Duodenitis was found in 30% of patients. Patients with ulcers in the pyloric region were at significantly greater risk than the general group for developing a recurrence. Patients who agreed to endoscopy (119) underwent Visick grading prior to endoscopy. A poor correlation was found between ulcer recurrence and Visick score. The "asymptomatic" recurrence rate of 9% following highly selective vagotomy should be considered when assessing the outcome of the surgery. PMID- 6545923 TI - Endoscopic papillotomy (EPT) in acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis. AB - Eight high risk patients, median age 79 years, with a distal obstruction of the common bile duct and serious clinical symptoms of acute obstructive cholangitis were treated by EPT. In seven patients, impaction of a stone in the common bile duct was found and in one patient, an obstructing cancer. EPT was performed without immediate complications and followed by obvious drainage of purulent bile in all patients. Repapillotomy with stone extraction was necessary in three patients 5, 6, and 10 days after the first EPT. The papillotomy was followed by immediate symptom relief, normalization of body temperature, and a decrease in leukocytes and bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase values within the first several postoperative days. Average hospitalization time was 8 days, ranging from 4-17 days. The patient with pancreatic cancer died 3 months after the EPT. One other patient died in pseudomonas sepsis 17 days after an uncomplicated EPT. ERCP controls in the other six patients have been normal and they all remain symptom free. Since early decompression is mandatory in these patients and laparotomy with internal decompression is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, endoscopic decompression should probably be the recommended treatment in patients with obstructive, septic cholangitis prior to employing this therapeutic option. PMID- 6545924 TI - Development of tolerance to benzodiazepines. II. Baclofen effect on the activity of rats during tolerance to the sedative action of nitrazepam and oxazepam. AB - It was demonstrated that baclofen, a GABA-ergic agent, exerted a sedative effect in rats with tolerance to the sedative action of oxazepam and nitrazepam induced by administration of these drugs during several weeks. After one dose baclofen alone reduced the motor activity of rats without potentiating the effects of benzodiazepines. During long-term administration of baclofen tolerance developed also to its sedative action. PMID- 6545925 TI - Analgesic activity of double endorphins in vivo. AB - The effects of double endorphins DALA2, DYNO2, CASO2 on pain threshold in the rats were compared with those of DALA (D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide). Marked differences in the analgesic potency of the investigated peptides were noted. The most potent analgesic effect was exerted by DALA2. DYNO2 was weaker than DALA and DALA2 due to lack of glycine residue in position 3, probably responsible for the receptor affinity and analgesic activity in vivo. The weak analgesic activity of CASO2 in vivo corresponds with the weak opiate agonistic action of this peptide in vitro [see 7]. All investigated peptides induced changes in animal behaviour when injected i.c.v. The results indicated that among peptides in the novel group of double endorphins, DALA2 is of special interest because of a potent and long lasting analgesic action. PMID- 6545926 TI - Vasomotor escape from noradrenaline in the renal, mesenteric and hindquarter vascular beds in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - During 10 minutes of infusion of noradrenaline in doses of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 micrograms/min into isolated intestinal, kidney and hindquartet preparation, perfused with aerated Tyrode's solution and escape effect was observed in normotensive rats. The escape was significantly reduced in intestinal and renal vascular beds or disappeared in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6545927 TI - Effect of glucagon on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in cats. AB - The effect of glucagon given intravenously on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastric mucosal blood flow was studied in anaesthetized cats with gastric fistula. In parallel the catecholamines content in the gastric mucosa was measured. A continuous infusion of glucagon (25 ng/kg/h) caused a significant decrease of acid output (on the average by 33%) and gastric mucosal blood flow (by 40%). In these studies a concomitant increase in noradrenaline content of gastric mucosa was always seen (on the average by 108%). By determining the change in the ratio of blood flow to secretory rate a reduction in mucosal blood flow was found to be primary to the fall in secretion. The studies indicate that the inhibitory effect of glucagon on pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion is due to restriction of mucosal blood flow. The results confirm also earlier data that glucagon stimulates the release of catecholamines. PMID- 6545928 TI - Effect of ageing process on the content of certain vitamins in rat serum and liver. AB - The contents of various vitamins were determined in rat liver and serum in animals at different age kept on a standard diet. The amounts of these vitamins in 1 g of liver tissue decreased with age and the levels of ascorbic acid, folacin and vitamin B6 were lower in rats aged two years than in those aged 10 weeks. PMID- 6545929 TI - The metabolism of 4-iodantipyrine--I125 (RIAP) in rat organism after intravenous injection. AB - Radioactive antipyrine labelled with I125 (RIAP) is used in radioisotope diagnostic methods for determination of the total water content of the organism, and cerebral and cardiac blood flow. The purpose of this study was to investigate RIAP metabolism in rats after intravenous administration. The distribution, excretion and passage with milk to the newborn animals were studied. Electrophoresis of the urine of the rats treated with this radioisotope was done as well. A rapid accumulation of the radioisotope in the thyroid was observed (the T 1/2 value was about 4 hours, and the greatest accumulation of RIAP was after 15 hours). The biological time of RIAP elimination from the thyroid was 5 days. I125 concentration in other organs was below 1% of the injected dose. Excretion was mainly with urine in three phases. In the urine of the rats two I125-containing fractions were found (a iodide fraction and an unidentified fraction). RIAP administration to lactating females caused passage of between 10 and 20% of the administered dose to pass to the newborns with milk. RIAP administration to pregnant rats raised this proportion by several per cent. Thyroid blockade with potassium iodide had no effect on RIAP passage with milk to the newborns. These results suggest a rapid loss of iodine from RIAP after intravenous injection. PMID- 6545930 TI - Effects of ethyl alcohol and acetaldehyde on certain biochemical parameters of blood in Wistar rats. AB - Ethyl alcohol injected intraperitoneally to rats in a dose of 3 g/kg of body weight caused hypoglycaemia which was not observed after similar administration of acetaldehyde in a dose od 0.3 g/kg. The serum levels of lipids and total cholesterol were unchanged after administration of ethyl alcohol while acetaldehyde decreased to cholesterol level 0.5, 1.5 and 3 hours after administration. Both these compounds raised the serum activity of AspAT and AlAT, and this rise was observed 0.5 hour after ethyl alcohol and 6 hours after acetaldehyde. PMID- 6545931 TI - Insolation effect on vitamin D supply in children during sanatorium treatment. AB - Serum 25/OH/D3 levels were determined in 58 children aged 5-7 years staying from April 1 to September 30 1981 in Kolobrzeg in a sanatorium. A comparison of isolation conditions in that time period with the serum values of 25/OH/D3 showed that the supply of vitamin D was sufficient only in the period from June to September. In the remaining months no correlation was observed between the values of solar radiation and vitamin D levels. During the study and for three months before it exogenous vitamin D administration was stopped. PMID- 6545932 TI - Effect of long-term diet enrichment with selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B15 on the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver. AB - In a two-year experiment on 190 Wistar rats the effects were studied of the aging process and diet enrichment with selenium, vitamin E and vitamin B15 (pangamic acid) on the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver determined histochemically with Oil Red O. The degree of fatty infiltration of the liver was assessed by the method of quantitative analysis using a computer image analyser Quantimet 720. System 30 (Cambridge Instruments). The process of aging of the animals was associated with increasing fatty infiltration of the liver. Selenium had a two phase effect on the degree of fatty infiltration: in the first 12 months of selenium administration (0.1 ppm of sodium selenite per 100 g of the diet) fatty infiltration of the liver was decreasing, and after 18 months of the experiment this effect disappeared and the degree of fatty infiltration was not different from that in the control group. Contrary to this, vitamin E administration 6 mg/100 g of the diet increased the degree of fatty infiltration during the first 12 months. After 18 months a reverse effect appeared with inhibition of the progression of fatty infiltration. Thus the two-phase effect of vitamin E was a reverse of selenium effect. Addition of vitamin B15 to the diet (2.5 mg/100 g of diet) increased the degree of fatty infiltration of the liver which was maintained at a stable level throughout the whole experiment, i.e. 12-18 months. PMID- 6545933 TI - Thermoregulation in boys at prepubertal age (7-15 years). AB - In 70 boys aged 7-8 and 14-15 years the temperature of the skin surface (at rest), rectal temperature, thickness of the skin-fat fold and heat loss by radiation and convection were measured. Then the mean weighted skin temperature (Ts) and body thermoinsulation (I) were calculated. The investigations were carried out stable physical conditions of the environment at the ambient temperature (Ta) of 20 degrees C. It was found that the thermoinsulatory properties of the body increased with age, while the amount of eliminated heat decreased. At the age of 7 to 15 years the value of body thermoinsulation was closely correlated to the thickness of the subcutaneous adipose tissue and significantly lower than the reported values in adult men. PMID- 6545935 TI - Pioneering the study of psychiatric practice in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6545934 TI - Neutral lipids, phospholipids and higher fatty acids in bull's testes. AB - The lipid fractions were studied in the testicular tissue of mature bulls, of the lowland black-and-white breed. It was found that the main component of neutral lipids was cholesterol (48%) followed by triglycerides (24%), cholesterol esters (16%) and free fatty acids (12%). In cholesterol esters the main component was palmitic acid (41%) followed by oleic acid (22%), stearic acid (14%) and linoleic acid (14%). In phospholipids the main fraction was composed of lecithins (48%) followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (20%) and phosphatidic acids and phosphatidylglycerol (13%). Palmitic acid was found mainly in the fractions of lecithins and sphingomyelins, stearic acid in fractions of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol. Linoleic acid was found in the fractions of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. Arachidonic, docosatetraenoic and docosapentaenoic acids in the fractions of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6545936 TI - Mobility of the pubic symphysis. Measurements by an electromechanical method. AB - Two pins were inserted, one on each side of the symphysis in 15 volunteers and four cadavers. Movements between the pins were registered by two transducers. Symphyseal movements were small. Translations in the transverse and sagittal directions were around or below 1 mm. Rotations in the frontal and sagittal planes were below 1.5 degrees. Movements in the vertical direction were around 2 mm in both sexes. Higher values were observed in multiparous than in nulliparous volunteers. PMID- 6545937 TI - Acute physiological responses of squirrel monkeys exposed to hyperdynamic environments. AB - This study examined the responses of small primate, the squirrel monkey, to acute exposures to hyperdynamic environments. Body temperature, heart rate, and behavior of four restrained squirrel monkeys were recorded. After baseline monitoring at 1 G, monkeys were exposed to: a) +2 Gz for 60 min, b) a hyperdynamic profile simulating the gravitational envelope of the space shuttle during launch (8 min, +2.9 Gz max), or c) a simulated shuttle re-entry profile (19 min, +1.7 Gz max). In all experiments, the colonic temperature started to fall within 10 min of the onset of centrifugation and declined by as much as 2 degrees C in some conditions. This was in contrast to the stable body temperature observed during the baseline period. Also, the heart rate showed distinct elevations during centrifugation. Heart rate subsequently declined to baseline levels during the post-centrifugation phase. Behaviorally, after the onset of centrifugation, the animals periodically appeared to become drowsy and fall asleep. On the other hand, during the control period they tended to be alert, shifting their gaze about the cage. Thus, primates are susceptible to acute exposures to hyperdynamic fields, demonstrating significant physiological and behavioral changes. PMID- 6545938 TI - A study of the air saturation diving and of the saturation decompression. PMID- 6545939 TI - A case of severe decompression sickness of a skin-diver. PMID- 6545940 TI - Insecticidal action of "Cyklopren" against mosquitoes in minute artificial water containers. PMID- 6545941 TI - Evaluation of the state of the circulatory system in the officers of the Polish ocean lines. Part IV. Subperiods of the left heart-ventricle systole. PMID- 6545942 TI - Vigilance changes measured by EEG spectrum analysis under hyperbaric conditions. PMID- 6545943 TI - Serological types of Salmonella bacilli isolated from men in Poland between 1967 and 1978. PMID- 6545944 TI - Histoprognosis in retinoblastoma. PMID- 6545945 TI - [Myelin fibers in the multiple nevoid basal cell epitheliomatosis syndrome (Gorlin's syndrome)]. PMID- 6545946 TI - Treatment of congenital cataract. PMID- 6545947 TI - Oral fluorescein angiography in disc oedema. PMID- 6545948 TI - Goldenhar's syndrome. PMID- 6545949 TI - History and aetiology of Leber's optic neuritis. PMID- 6545950 TI - Iris "melanomas". A retrospective clinical/pathological study of 11 cases (1971 1983). PMID- 6545951 TI - X-linked juvenile retinoschisis. PMID- 6545952 TI - Acquired retinal angiomatosis or adult Coat's disease. PMID- 6545953 TI - Special symposium on anticardiolipin antibodies. October 1984. PMID- 6545954 TI - The noise problem--ancient and modern. PMID- 6545955 TI - [Pesticide pollution of raw materials used in the preparation of pharmaceutical products]. PMID- 6545957 TI - [Medicine and philosophy (IV)]. PMID- 6545956 TI - [Importance of properly metabolized proteins in realizing antitumor immunity in rats with Guerin tumor implants]. PMID- 6545958 TI - [Evaluation of the availability of antacid preparations. The correlation of in vitro-in vivo methods]. PMID- 6545959 TI - [Production of a syrup to be used in K+ depletion]. PMID- 6545960 TI - [Effect of agglutinating and diluent excipients on the quality of Trimag tablets]. PMID- 6545961 TI - [Experimental oral candidiasis in laboratory animals]. PMID- 6545962 TI - [Case of a pontine hematoma in a telangiectasis type of vascular malformation]. PMID- 6545963 TI - [Gastric leiomyoma]. PMID- 6545964 TI - [Multilateral and interdisciplinary research on children and adolescents to optimize factors influencing the development of behavior. III. Results of biomedical, psychological and sociocultural studies on the children and adolescents included in the research]. PMID- 6545965 TI - [Clinical and laboratory studies in 14 cases of Enterobacter sepsis]. PMID- 6545966 TI - [Colonic adenomatosis--diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 6545967 TI - The application of "Xilina" 1% (lignocaine) on cerebral vessels for suppressing the vascular collapse in dural sinuses lesions and alleviation of the arterial spasm in intracranian aneurisms surgery. PMID- 6545968 TI - [Current trends in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6545969 TI - [Our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent postoperative ulcer]. PMID- 6545970 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of influenza due to virus A and B in Moldavia in 1957-1983. A synthesis of the research]. PMID- 6545971 TI - [The epidemiological interview--an operational method in public health]. PMID- 6545973 TI - [Quantitative study on the variations in size and shape of the neurons of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of the teleosts Gaidopsarus mediterraneus and Coris julis]. PMID- 6545972 TI - [Arterial hypertension in the population in the districts of the city of Iasi. Its prevalence, economic implications and control (prevention)]. PMID- 6545974 TI - [Molecular conformation and collagen bundles]. PMID- 6545975 TI - Dehydration induced changes in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of Triturus marmoratus Latr. PMID- 6545976 TI - Ultrastructure of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of Chioglossa lusitanica Bocage (Amphibia Urodela). PMID- 6545977 TI - Localization of the cholinesterase activity in the synapses. PMID- 6545978 TI - [Optical microscopy study of the neurosecretory cells of the central nervous system of Allolobophora molleri (Annelida: Oligochaeta)]. PMID- 6545979 TI - [Spinal cord segmentation in the dog]. PMID- 6545980 TI - [On the existence of 2 neuronal populations in the nucleus rotundus of the carp, Cyprinus carpio]. PMID- 6545981 TI - [Systems of neuroglial communication and exchange in Procambarus]. PMID- 6545982 TI - [Analysis of the distribution of neuronal cytomorphometric parameters in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat]. PMID- 6545983 TI - [Development of ciliary ganglia cultured in toto in the presence of conditioned media and a chemically defined media (Nu-Serum)]. PMID- 6545984 TI - Differentiation of respiratory reflexes by electrical stimulation and cold blockade of the vagus nerve in rabbits. AB - Using cold blockade of conduction in the myelinated nerve fibres respiratory effects were studied evoked by centripetal stimulation of the vagus nerve. The experiments were carried out on rabbits under general anaesthesia with halothane and with artificial ventilation. The vagus nerves were cut in the neck and one of them was adapted for stimulation of its proximal part. Electrical stimulation was applied in expiration using impulse frequency 50/sec. The direction of the response (i.e. prolongation or shortening of the expiration phase during stimulus application) served for determination of the excitation threshold of the afferent fibres from slowly-adapting and rapidly-adapting pulmonary mechanoreceptors. It was found that the conduction in the afferent fibres from the slowly-adapting pulmonary receptors could be blocked selectively with cooling temperatures 8-10 degrees C. PMID- 6545985 TI - Interaction on the antinociceptive effect between neurotensin and enkephalins or tuftsin. AB - The aim of this paper was to study the interaction between neurotensin and both enkephalins or its synthetic analogue D-Ala2-metenkephalinamide, or tuftsin, on the antinonciceptive effect of these peptides in mice after intracisternal injection. Antinociception was measured by the hot-plate method. It was shown that neurotensin antagonized evidently the antinociceptive effect of enkephalins and their analogue. On the contrary, neurotensin and tuftsin were agonists in induction of analgesia. It is concluded that neurotensin modulates in an opposite way the function of the enkephalinergic neurons and the central action of tuftsin. PMID- 6545986 TI - The influence of amino acids, vasopressin and oxytocin on spontaneous contraction of the right auricle of the right atrium of two-day-old rats in vitro. AB - Studies were carried out on the right auricle of the right atrium of two-day-old rats placed in a special chamber perfused with Ringer-Locke solution at room temperature. The contractions rate of the auricle was counted with the use of a stereomicroscope. The following amino acids dissolved in Ringer-Locke solution were tested: glycine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, aspartic acid, gamma aminobutyric acid, leucine, and peptides: vasopressin and oxytocin. Glutamic acid in a concentration of 10(-1) mol/l induced a decrease in auricle contraction rate by 25%. Alanine in concentration 10(-2) mol/l induced a decrease by 22%. Leucine in concentration 10(-2) mol/l induced a decrease by 16% and in concentration ten times higher a decrease by 28%. The other tested amino acids, vasopressin and oxytocin in concentration used had no influence on the rate of contraction frequency of the isolated auricle. PMID- 6545987 TI - Appearance of a cardiodepressant factor in the medium incubating in situ the posterior pituitary lobe of the rat. I. Isolation of active compound. AB - The experiments were carried out with 2 groups of male rats under urethane chloralose anaesthesia. In the 1st group the anterior pituitary lobe was removed and the posterior one was incubated in situ in McIlwain's solution. The incubating fluid was collected with methanol, centrifuged, and the supernatant was lyophilized. The lyophilized fluid incubating the posterior pituitary lobe in situ was filtered on a Sephadex G-15 column and fractions with cardiodepressant activity were passed through a SP Sephadex C-25 column. The cardiodepressant activity was tested on an isolated auricle of the right atrium of a two-day-old rat. The cardiodepressant activity of the fractions was evaluated. The fluid incubating the posterior pituitary lobe was found to contain a factor reducing the contraction rate of the isolated auricle. In the control group the sphenoid bone was exposed and bathed in McIlwain's solution, in the same approach as the posterior pituitary lobe. The fluid bathing the sphenoid bone in situ was filtered on a Sephadex G-15 column. No cardiodepressant activity was found in the fractions. PMID- 6545988 TI - Acetylcholinesterase (E.C.3.1.1.7) in the skeletal muscle and brain of rats after exercise and long-term training. AB - The activity of acetylcholinesterase was determined in the skeletal muscle and brain of rats after one exercise (running) and after long-term training of definite programme. Enzyme activity was determined by the colorimetric method of Hestrin. The results were subjected to statistical analysis by the t test of Student. An increase was demonstrated in AChE activity after one exercise in both tissues, but only in the muscle this increase was statistically significant. After long-term training the direction of this change was reversed. In the muscle the decrease was statistically significant, while the change in the brain was not significant. PMID- 6545989 TI - Effect of alpha and beta adrenoreceptor antagonists on glucagon-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion in cats. AB - The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of alpha and beta adrenoceptor blockade on gastric acid secretion, mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and catecholamine content of the gastric mucosa during glucagon-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The secretory response to continuous infusion of pentagastrin (6 micrograms/kg/h) was reduced by regitine (0.5 mg/kg/h) and propranolol (25 micrograms/kg/h). Glucagon (25 ng/kg/h) further slightly decreased HCl secretion. GMBF was also significantly inhibited by regitine and propranolol. Administration of glucagon continued decreasing of the GMBF. By determining the change in the ratio of blood flow to secretory rate, this reduction in mucosal blood flow was found to be secondary to a fall in secretion. In these studies a concomitant increase in noradrenaline content of the gastric mucosa was observed: after regitine by 50%, after propranolol--by 32.5%, after these blockers given simultaneously--by 75%. The level of noradrenaline was higher after subsequent administration of glucagon. Our results indicate that more than one component is responsible for the inhibitory effect of glucagon on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6545990 TI - Changes in plasma glycerol level in rabbits during fatigue-induced stress. AB - The lipolytic response to fatigue-induced stress was studied in fed and fasted rabbits and in fed propranolol-treated rabbits. The initial plasma glycerol level was higher and the increase in glycerol after stress was lower in fasted as compared to fed animals. Propranolol lowered the initial glycerol level and attenuated the fatigue-induced rise in glycerol concentration. The data suggest that in rabbits, as in other species, catecholamines increase lipolysis through stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors. The increment in alpha-adrenergic responsiveness during fasting may contribute to decreased glycerol response to stress observed in fasted rabbits. PMID- 6545991 TI - Further studies on the properties of bile acids. I. Bile acid-induced changes of the action of drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system on the heart and blood vessels. AB - The action of certain drugs on the autonomic system was studied under the influence of bile acids: 3,12-dihydroxycholanic acid (deoxycholic), 3,7,12 trihydroxycholanic acid (cholic), and 3,7,12-triketocholanic acid (dehydrocholic). The experiments were carried out on rat heart in vivo and on isolated rat vessel preparation. It was shown that bile acids reduced the stimulating effect of isoprenaline on rat heart and the relaxing effect on the blood vessels. An inversion of the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the rat heart was observed, and an enhancement of the vasoconstrictor effect of these substances. Under the conditions of this experiment an inversion was noted of the action of acetylcholine on the heart and blood vessels. PMID- 6545992 TI - Further studies on the properties of bile acids. II. Effect of bile acids on the reactivity of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in rat intestine. AB - The effects of bile acids (deoxycholic, cholic and dehydrocholic) were studied on the action of certain autonomic system drugs (isoprenaline, adrenaline, noradrenaline and acetylcholine). It was also tried to explain the causes of these changes in the light of the results of experiments with the widely used antagonists of adrenergic and cholinergic receptors. The experiments were carried out on isolated rat intestine by the method of Magnus. It was found that bile acids decreased the relaxing effect of isoprenaline and caused inversion of the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the intestine. Changes in the action of catecholamines are caused by stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors enhanced by bile acids, with a simultaneous decreased stimulation of beta-receptors. Bile acids cause also an increase of the effect of acetylcholine on the intestine. PMID- 6545993 TI - The role of bile and digestive juices in cadmium effect on the absorption processes in rat small intestine. AB - The effects of bile and digestive juices was studied on the intestinal absorption of water, sodium and glucose in the small intestine of rats after their intoxication with one dose of cadmium 1.33 mg/kg of body weight injected intravenously. The investigations were carried out on 60 rats by the method of intestinal perfusion. The obtained results showed that cadmium inhibited the intestinal absorption of these substances. Bile and digestive juices abolished partially this effect during their physiological secretion. After administration of cholagogues no protective role of bile and digestive juices was observed alleviating the toxic effects of cadmium, and the intestinal absorption was even more reduced. PMID- 6545994 TI - The stability of motor activity in rats. AB - Individual differences in motor activity were investigated in two groups of male rats. One group contained non-homozygotic and the second homozygotic rats. In both groups the individual differences were similar and very pronounced. Starting from the age of about 3 months the level of motor activity in individual animals remained relatively stable until the age of at least 6 1/2 months. The results may be useful for certain behavioural investigations and for long-term pharmacological studies and bioassays. PMID- 6545995 TI - Obtaining of pure transferrins D, M and R from equine serum and determination of transferrin level in relation to phenotype. AB - By the method of precipitation with Rivanol (2-ethoxy-6,9-diaminoacridine lactate) and ammonium sulphate followed by chromatography on DEAE cellulose three genetic variants of transferrin were purified from equine serum: D, M and R. Their molecular mass determined in this study was 80 000, and it was identical for all three variants, which differed slightly in their amino acid composition. The protein level was determined in the serum of 535 two-year-old thoroughbred English horses by the method of rocket immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies obtained against three transferrins. The individual variability of the protein level in horses of the same phenotype was fairly high (variability index 9-15%). No differences were observed in the transferrin level related to sex. It was found that the presence of D, F and H alleles was connected with a higher serum transferrin level, while O and R alleles were connected with a lower level. PMID- 6545996 TI - Effects of phenobarbitone and short-term exposure to heat on microsomal cytochrome P-450 and associated monooxygenases in rat liver. AB - Short-term exposure of the control and phenobarbitone-treated rats to high ambient temperature caused a different response of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase system participating in the oxidation of aniline, aminopyrine and p-nitroanisole. The highest differences of the enzyme activities were observed in rats exposed to 28 degrees C, as compared with animals exposed to 21 degrees C or 37 degrees C. PMID- 6545997 TI - Impact of organophosphates on the ovarian changes in freshwater caridean prawn Caridina weberi. AB - The toxicity of the pesticides (organophosphates) malathion, dimecron and monochrotophos was tested on the freshwater caridean prawn, Caridina weberi. The lethal concentration was determined in experiments carried out up to 96 hrs. The effect of organophosphates on the reproduction was shown by observing the histological changes in the ovary. The tissues were highly damaged, with loss of ooplasmic material, lack of distinct nucleus, nucleolus and chromatin material. PMID- 6545998 TI - Studies of ferroelectric properties of collagen. AB - Dielectric hysteresis loop and differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies of collagen were performed for temperatures ranging from a room temperature to 393 K. The material studied was collagen from Achilles tendon of a bullock, which contained 10% of water. The DTA curve for collagen with 10% of water showed a clear minimum at 353 K. The character of the curve proved that around 353 K an endothermic transformation of collagen took place which could be connected with the transition spiral-ball. A hypothetical dielectric hysteresis loop shows a maximum shift along the direction of the electric field applied in the vicinity of 375 K. Low frequencies of the applied electric field are connected with a great dielectric loss influencing the interpretation of collagen ferroelectricity. PMID- 6545999 TI - Selective responsiveness of the antennal olfactory system in the cabbage seed weevil, Ceutorhynchus assimilis towards host plant volatiles. PMID- 6546000 TI - Diurnal rhythms in the liver hexokinase and glucokinase activity, in the level of glycogen in liver, skeletal and heart muscles and in the level of blood glucose in laboratory mice. AB - The experiments were carried out on 84 male Swiss mice. The first group was kept in light-dark conditions L:D = 6:18 and the second one--in reversed photoperiod- L:D = 18:6. After 6 weeks of the experiment the level of glucose in blood, the activity of hexokinase and glucokinase, and the summary activity of these enzymes in the liver, the concentration of glycogen in the liver, myocardium and gastrocnemius muscle were determined. A diurnal rhythm in the level of blood glucose was observed in L:D = 6:18. The rhythm of hexokinase and glucokinase activity in the liver was detected neither under conditions of L:D = 6:18 nor in L:D = 18:6. A diurnal rhythm of the summary activity of hexokinase and glucokinase in the liver was detected in L:D = 6:18. The diurnal rhythm of the level of glycogen in the liver and gastrocnemius muscle was observed in both types of photoperiod. In the myocardium the rhythm was detected neither under L:D = 6:18 nor L:D = 18:6 conditions. PMID- 6546002 TI - Copperfield: the passing of a special gift. Interview by Dick Dietl. PMID- 6546001 TI - [Antibodies: biology and clinical use]. PMID- 6546003 TI - Humoral immune responses in healthy heterosexual, homosexual and vasectomized men and in homosexual men with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - In homosexual men, the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is associated with sexual promiscuity and the appearance of circulating immune complexes (CICs) and antibodies to spermatozoa which crossreact with lymphoid cells. A comparative study was initiated to determine whether similar humoral responses existed in 38 heterosexual men lacking sperm antibodies, 13 heterosexuals with sperm antibodies, 42 heterosexual vasectomized men, 22 healthy homosexual men, 26 homosexuals with lymphadenopathy and 16 with AIDS or Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Sperm antibodies were detected in 12% of the vasectomized heterosexual men, 23% of the healthy homosexuals, 35% of the lymphadenopathy patients and 44% of the men with KS-AIDS. IgG reactive with peripheral blood T lymphocytes was present in only 3% of heterosexuals lacking sperm antibody and 5% of vasectomized men. In contrast, 23% of heterosexuals with sperm antibody, 36% of healthy homosexuals, 31% of men with lymphadenopathy and 62% of KS-AIDS patients were positive in this assay. Antibodies to the neutral glycolipid asialo GM1 were found in none of the vasectomized men, 3% of the heterosexuals without and 8% with sperm antibodies, 17% of healthy homosexuals and 38% and 31% in patients with lymphadenopathy or KS AIDS, respectively. Lastly, the incidence of CICs, determined by the Raji cell assay, was 0% in vasectomized men, 3% in heterosexuals lacking sperm antibody, 31% in heterosexuals with sperm antibody, 69% in healthy homosexuals, 81% in lymphadenopathy patients and 87% in KS-AIDS. In the homosexuals with lymphadenopathy and KS-AIDS, levels of CICs, T cell-reactive IgG and asialo GM1 antibody were positively correlated (p less than 0.01). Sperm antibody levels were negatively correlated (p less than 0.01) with CICs levels and T cell reactive IgG in heterosexuals and lymphadenopathy and KS-AIDS patients. The results demonstrate that vasectomized men do not manifest at all, and that non vasectomized heterosexuals with sperm antibodies manifest to a much lesser extent the range of humoral immune responses exhibited by the three homosexual groups. Thus, the route of sperm immunization and/or exposure to autologous vs. heterologous spermatozoa may be of critical importance for eliciting specific immune responses. PMID- 6546004 TI - Aberrations in chromosomes of peripheral lymphocytes of male homosexuals predisposed to acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6546005 TI - Alteration of immune response induced by chronic intrarectal insemination in rabbits. AB - Three groups of adult male Nya:(FG) rabbits were treated intrarectally, 3 times a week for 7 months, with 1 ml of fresh homologous semen, 20 ml of colonic enema, or 20 ml of enema followed by 1 ml of previously frozen semen. A control group was untreated. The results of several in vitro tests of humoral and cellular response showed that chronic intrarectal insemination leads to an abrogation of the immune response, expressed differently in the two groups of rabbits receiving semen. A consistently depressed blastogenic stimulation in response to T-cell mitogens was observed only in the animals receiving fresh semen. Neither group produced antilymphocyte antibodies. Anti-seminal-fluid and antispermatozoa antibodies were detected after 3 months of treatment in two animals receiving enema and semen and one animal receiving fresh semen. Circulating immune complexes were detected after 2 months of treatment in animals receiving enema and semen. These immune complexes contained predominantly IgM and were specific for seminal antigens. Assay of the cellular response to a T-cell-dependent antigen showed, in the animals receiving enema and semen, a pronounced decrease in the indirect IgA and IgG plaque-forming cells response with practically no effect on the IgM response. These results, taken together with those of the preceding paper, suggest that in intrarectally inseminated rabbits the functional capabilities of the immune system may deteriorate without histologic or morphologic changes in the anorectal mucosa of relevant lymphoid tissues. PMID- 6546006 TI - Isospora belli diarrheal infection in homosexual men. AB - Unsporulated Isospora belli oocysts were detected in the stool specimens of three homosexual men. The oocysts were ellipsoidal measuring 23-33 X 12-15 micron. It is acid fast with modified cold kinyoun stain (MCK) and reveals orange fluorescence with the Truant's stain. Sheather's sucrose flotation method is effective in concentrating Isospora oocyst as with other coccidial oocysts. One specimen showed many Charcot-Leyden crystals. All three patients responded to treatment. Isosporiosis is rare in this country and is endemic in the tropics and subtropics. Although one case acquired the infection after returning from an endemic area, the other two cases had no travel history. This raised the suspicion that this, like other parasitic infections (amebiasis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis) may be sexually transmitted. Such exotic parasitic infections in homosexual men during the outbreak of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome adds another unusual infectious agent to the differential diagnosis of diarrheal disease in this high risk group of population. PMID- 6546007 TI - Community-acquired bacterial pneumonias in homosexual men: presumptive evidence for a defect in host resistance. AB - Over a three year period, we encountered seven homosexual men who developed pneumonias due to S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae in the absence of apparent risk factors. When compared to heterosexual controls, the homosexual group had a much higher frequency of bacteremia, complicated primary infections, multilobar involvement, required longer antibiotic therapy, and took longer to defervesce. Three of our seven homosexual patients fulfilled criteria for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); two of the others had generalized lymphadenopathy and the other two likely AIDS-related abnormalities. Overall they presented with a spectrum of clinical findings. Two of the patients developed other opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. Since recovery from these pyogenic pneumonias requires an appropriate antibody response, our patients may have had a defect in B-cell function. Moreover, these observations suggest that functional B-cell abnormalities may occur in AIDS and syndromes premonitory of AIDS. PMID- 6546008 TI - Hemispheric prevalence in acoustical attention. AB - Two experiments were conducted in which monaural clicks were presented to the right or left ear preceded by binaural verbal (Experiment 1) and musical (Experiment 2) warnings. After the "neutral" warnings, the clicks could be presented to the right or left ear equally often (50%); after the warnings which directed the attention to the left or right ear, the clicks could be presented to either the "expected" (67%) or to the "unexpected" (33%) ear. In Experiment 1 there was a cost effect for the "unexpected" ear and reaction times were significantly faster when the clicks were presented to the right ear. In Experiment 2, the musical warnings brought about a cost effect while no significant ear advantage was observed. PMID- 6546009 TI - To what extent are the cognitive performances of Wernicke's aphasics disturbed by their own vocalizations? AB - The influence of vocalization on performance in the Token Test and arithmetic and memory span tasks was studied in Wernicke's aphasics. Tasks had to be carried out under two conditions: performance with oral repetition of the task commands or oral description of the task stimuli; performance without oral repetition or description of task commands or stimuli. Performance was significantly better in all tasks when no vocalization was required. The results are taken as evidence that in Wernicke's aphasics any activation of impaired language functions leads to interference between the defective linguistic functions and those which are still available to the patients. PMID- 6546010 TI - Hemiretinal differences in face recognition: accuracy versus reaction time. AB - A face-recognition task involving monocular presentation of laterally displaced stimuli yielded a nasal hemiretinal advantage for reaction time for correct identifications, but a temporal hemiretinal advantage for accuracy (d'). These hemiretinal effects, in conjunction with eye dominance, could in principle distort or obscure interpretations of hemispheric processing differences obtained with binocular stimulation. PMID- 6546011 TI - Line bisection and cognitive plasticity of unilateral neglect of space. AB - Patients with neglect of the left half of space were asked to bisect lines of different lengths. The leftmost points of the represented lines, determined on the basis of the midpoints set by the patients on the objective lines, were the dependent variable. It was thus possible to recognize diverse patterns of behavior which were conceivably averaged away in earlier investigations. In discussing the results, the question is raised of whether unilateral neglect of space may be altered by cognitive processes. PMID- 6546012 TI - Perceptual categorization in the cerebral hemispheres. AB - The suggestion of a functional hemispheric dissociation in performing perceptual categorization was examined in two tachistoscopic experiments with normal adults. Subjects were required to match physically identical or similar, but nonidentical, pictures of animals. The first experiment showed no hemispheric difference and indicated that both hemispheres could resort to two different types of categorization process as a function of the simultaneous or delayed mode of presentation of the stimuli. In the second experiment, the viewing conditions were manipulated so as to afford a reduced amount of stimulus energy, and a significant left-visual-field advantage was then obtained. The results are discussed with respect to models of information processing in the cerebral hemispheres, and in relation to impairments in object recognition following brain damage. PMID- 6546013 TI - Electrophysiological correlates of adult decisions made during a conservation of quantity task. AB - Visual evoked responses were recorded from 10 scalp locations over the left and right hemisphere while adults were involved in a conservation of quantity task. Multivariate analyses involving principal components analysis and ANOVA identified bilateral and left hemisphere lateralized components of the visual evoked responses which discriminated between conservation judgments made by subjects. PMID- 6546014 TI - Attentional deficit in learning-disabled children: evidence from visual half field asymmetries. AB - The structural theory of cerebral lateralization has been typically used to explain hemispheric asymmetries. However, the attentional model of brain functioning may help resolve some of the inconsistent findings with groups of learning-disabled children. To test this hypothesis, a visual half-field paradigm for word recognition was employed in a group of 26 learning-disabled and 26 normal children matched for sex, chronological age, and handedness. Three experimental conditions (unilateral, cued unilateral, and bilateral) and two word error types (visually and acoustically confusable words) were analyzed. The results indicated that normals produced the expected RVHF superiority under all experimental conditions, but the learning-disabled produced the expected RVHF superiority only under the cued unilateral condition. Learning-disabled children also made significantly more visually and acoustically confusable errors than normals and unlike normal children increased the number of acoustic errors in the RVF under bilateral stimulation. These results provide evidence that learning disabled children may process information inefficiently and have brain activation patterns that are more susceptible to attentional effects. PMID- 6546015 TI - Name and face matching in one or two visual fields: a test of models of hemispheric specialization. AB - In two experiments a name and a face (each male or female) were simultaneously flashed to either the same or opposite visual fields (left or right), for matching congruent (same sex) or incongruent (opposite sex), to test the predictions of various models of hemispheric specialization. While overall best performance occurred with a face in the left visual field (LVF) and a name in the right visual field (RVF), and worst with the opposite configuration, the general pattern of results was incompatible with either a direct access model or an activational/attentional account. The results were, however, most compatible with the predictions of a semispecialized hemispheres account, whereby cerebral asymmetries are seen as relative rather than absolute, either hemisphere being capable of processing either kind of material (verbal or visuospatial), but to different levels of efficiency. However, despite the fact that the stimulus materials had previously been shown to produce stable and consistent lateral asymmetries in the predicted directions when presented in isolation, in the composite, integrative matching task the position of the name seemed to be the major determinant of the resultant asymmetries. It would seem therefore that when such stimuli are to be cross matched, either left hemisphere (language) processes somehow dominate right hemisphere (visuospatial) processing (though not in the way that would be predicted by a simple activational/attentional account) or the left hemisphere's greater capacity predominates. PMID- 6546016 TI - Do laterality measures relate to speed of response in central vision? AB - This study was aimed at determining whether an efficiency index (speed of response in central vision) related to a laterality index (difference in speed of response between right and left field presentations). In Experiment 1 female subjects were required to discriminate facial emotional expressions shown in either central vision or the periphery. In Experiment 2 male and female subjects had to classify as same or different pairs of letters printed in different typefaces. It was found that the efficiency index related (negatively) to the laterality index only in Experiment 1 so that slower responses indicate larger visual field differences. The results are discussed in terms of current models of hemispheric specialization. PMID- 6546017 TI - Comments on a standardized version of Luria's tests. AB - Appreciation is expressed for the work of Golden's group in the selection of Luria's tests, the standardization of their administration, the collection of norms, and the evaluation of the reliability and validity of the Luria-Nebraska test battery. However, questions are raised concerning the ability of the test to efficiently handle topical diagnosis and to construct rehabilitation programs. Concern is expressed over the possible vulgarization of Luria's doctrine of functional systems and the loss of predictive power in Luria's tests through neglect of qualitative information and methodology. Suggestions are made as to how Luria's qualitative methodology might be incorporated in a standardized version of a neuropsychological examination. PMID- 6546018 TI - Abnormalities of visual evoked potentials by checkerboards in children with specific reading disability. AB - Visual evoked potentials by checkerboards of varying check sizes were recorded in the two hemispheres of 16 specific reading disabled and 8 normal children. In most of the disabled subjects a gross hemisphere asymmetry was assessed, while in the control group the usual evoked potential symmetry was observed. In some disabled subjects the evoked potentials had a larger amplitude in the right hemisphere, while in others the amplitude was larger in the left hemisphere. In a small subgroup the evoked potentials were symmetrical, but they had a smaller amplitude than in the control subjects. The results, giving evidence of a dysfunction in basic visual processing, are discussed in the context of current literature on clinical subgroups and the interhemispheric relationship in the dyslexic syndrome. PMID- 6546019 TI - Hierarchical planning disability in the drawings and constructions of a special group of severely aphasic children. AB - A small group of severely receptive aphasic children who appear to be suffering from a rare aphasic syndrome that has been referred to in the literature as "acquired aphasia with convulsive disorder in children" was tested on drawing and construction tasks which tap hierarchical planning abilities. Although they could draw and construct a complex figure when using a serial method, they could not do so when required to use hierarchical planning in building up the model in terms of its subunits. Their scores reflecting hierarchical ability were significantly lower than those of age-matched profoundly deaf and normal children. The nature of this disability is discussed and its effects noted on tasks in other modalities. It is argued that neither an auditory deficit theory nor a short-term memory deficit theory is adequate to account for the observed disabilities. Individual differences in the group were noted. It was also found that a smaller percentage of developmentally expressive aphasic children evidenced the hierarchical planning disability. It is concluded that a primary hierarchical planning disability in some aphasic children can account for some aspects of their linguistic disabilities and for disabilities on other nonlanguage and nonauditory tasks. PMID- 6546020 TI - Facial asymmetry in posed and spontaneous expressions of emotion. AB - Patterns of facial asymmetry (i.e., extent of movement) as a function of elicitation condition, emotional valence, and sex of subjects are examined. Thirty-seven right-handed adult males and females were videotaped making positive and negative expressions of emotion under posed (verbal, visual) and spontaneous conditions. There were no differences in facial asymmetry as a function of condition. Overall, expressions were significantly left-sided, a finding implicating the right hemisphere. When sex and valence were considered, negative expressions were left-sided for all subjects, while positive expressions were left-sided for males only. Further, positive expressions were significantly less lateralized than negative ones for females. Measures of hemiface mobility and ocular dominance did not mediate these patterns of facial lateralization. PMID- 6546021 TI - The independence of face identity and facial expression recognition mechanisms: relationship to sex and cognitive style. AB - Two tasks, one mapping the recognition of unfamiliar face identity and the other the identification of six facial expressions were unilaterally presented to field dependent and field independent individuals of both genders. Regardless of sex, field independent subjects showed faster-response times (RTs) in the left visual field (LVF) for face identity and for the identification of disgust and fear and faster RTs in the RVF for the identification of anger. A trend toward LVF superiority was found over the whole sample for the facial expression task; this effect was still present when the face identity task was partialled out, indicating the independence of the underlying mechanisms. PMID- 6546022 TI - A case of subcortical dementia due to sarcoidosis of the hypothalamus and fornices. AB - A patient with sarcoidosis involving predominantly the hypothalamus and fornices was evaluated for dementia. He showed a relative sparing of fund of knowledge and orientation. Memory skills, particularly short-term memory, were severely impaired. Behavioral changes included apathy and a lack of spontaneity. Insight was relatively preserved. The pattern of his deficits showed some similarities to the pattern reported in patients with Huntington's disease and was different from that described in Alzheimer's disease. The dementia caused by subcortical pathology may differ in important respects from that caused by diffuse cortical dysfunction. PMID- 6546023 TI - Mirror, mirror on the wall ... comments on the chimeric face task used by Roszkowski and Snelbecker (1982). AB - A critique is presented of the chimeric face task used as a measure of cerebral laterality by M. J. Roszkowski and G. E. Snelbecker (1982, Brain and Cognition, 1, 404-409). Problems arise because the faces used are not true mirror images of each other, but in fact differ in facial details. Data are presented to illustrate that the earlier results are not caused by cerebral laterality but by the fact that the two drawings are not equally happy--even when placed in the same left-right orientation. PMID- 6546024 TI - Tactile perception and the right hemisphere: a masculine superiority for imagery coding. AB - Recent research regarding hemispheric lateralization has suggested complex interactions among observed asymmetries, subject coding strategies, and sex differences in the utilization of and access to information codes. Prior to tactile perception of ambiguous figures, subjects were instructed to use either a verbal (left hemisphere) or imagery (right hemisphere) strategy. A non instruction control group was included. Although a significant overall relationship between instructed strategy and tactile asymmetries was observed, this largely was due to males' privileged access to right-hemisphere imagery codes. PMID- 6546025 TI - Sex task and processing strategy effects in hemispheric alpha asymmetries for the recall and recognition of arousal words: results from perceptual and motor tasks in males and females. AB - Hemispheric alpha asymmetries of males and females were observed during perceptual and motor tasks requiring recall and recognition of words controlled for level of arousal (positive, negative, and neutral). Verbal reports of individual processing strategy were collected and analyzed relative to hemispheric alpha ratios. Results showed greater alpha suppression in the left relative to right hemisphere for recall as compared to recognition tasks and for word presentation when contrasted with motor conditions. High positive correlations were found between narrative report of processing strategy and hemispheric alpha data. A separate analysis revealed that seven subjects identified as highly analytic processors showed greater alpha suppression in the left relative to right hemisphere across tasks, conditions, and stimuli than did seven highly visual processors who, in contrast, demonstrated greater right hemispheric alpha suppression. Task difficulty and individual differences in processing style that modify cerebral laterality effects are discussed. PMID- 6546026 TI - Hemispheric differences in the voluntary inhibition of movement. AB - Twenty normal, twenty left-, and fifteen right-brain injured subjects, all right handed, were assigned a sequence of voluntary inhibition of 23 movements. The inhibition lapse was recorded. Statistical analyses indicated a high performance in the normal and a deficient performance in left-brain injured subjects, no influence of the neurological symptoms on groups' achievement, a handicap in the subjects affected by a frontal lesion in the right brain, a hierarchical clustering of items varying according to the groups, and an organ-group interaction. PMID- 6546027 TI - A case of prosopagnosia with some preserved covert remembrance of familiar faces. AB - This paper presents the detailed analysis of a case of prosopagnosia in a 54-year old male farmer following bioccipital vascular disease. In-depth clinical investigations confirmed the diagnosis of prosopagnosia and revealed the absence of any associated defect, except for a slight aspecific disturbance of the short term memory. Further study of this case indicated that the trouble was not concerned with the class of complex visual stimuli, was not even concerned with facial expressions or unknown faces, was not a perceptual defect, but was related mainly to the operation of individualization. The memory hypothesis was thus retained and supported. Moreover, exploration of the difficulty indicated that the deficiency was limited to defective access to conscious information concerning faces and information associated with these faces (name, context, etc.), effectively stored in memory. PMID- 6546028 TI - Visual problem solving in the absence of lexical semantics: evidence from dementia. AB - A case of dissociation between visual and praxic skills and linguistic, referential, and semantic skills is described in a case of dementia. Testing revealed that her visual processing was intact and that she was capable of a wide range of visually based tasks. These included copying geometric figures and block designs; matching items on the basis of number, color, or relative size, matching upper and lower case letters, sequencing numerals, orienting pictures, coins, and letters appropriately, and solving problems based on the identification of geometric patterns or on the identification of logical sequences based on pattern alternation, number, and size increases. In contrast, she was completely incapable of matching pictures on the basis of their semantic or referential meaning; similarly she had lost all comprehension of language. It was argued that this case demonstrates the capacities of a visual system cut off from all symbolic and semantic processes. When examined with other case studies this case provides information about the nature of and interaction between modality specific perceptual processing and semantic processing, and information about the various cognitive factors involved in visual gnosis. The CT scan indicated frontal atrophy and marked anterior temporal atrophy, a pattern that is consistent with Pick's disease. The case was discussed in terms of the correlation between the pattern of observed strengths and deficits and the neurological pattern of atrophy. PMID- 6546029 TI - Task determinants of ear differences in melody processing. AB - In Experiment 1 nonmusicians were presented with dichotic melodies, which differed either on all pitches or by a single note, followed by a set of four binaural melodies. They were asked to recognize among the alternatives only one member of the dichotic pair in the "single-focus" task, and both dichotic melodies in the "double-focus" task. These different attention requirements led to a LEA in the first task which contrasted with the REA observed in the other task when melodies differed by all pitches. A possible confounding (fusion of the common pitches) prevents comparison of the tasks for melodies differing by a single pitch. The role of the extent of melody differences was further investigated in a second experiment by changing melodies on one, two, or three notes. No effect of material was observed on ear asymmetries. Task demands appeared as the most critical determinant of ear differences and are discussed in terms of their particular influence on the adoption of an analytic or holistic processing mode. Male subjects were found to be more responsive than females to analytic processing suggestions. PMID- 6546030 TI - Semantic encoding deficits in a case of traumatic amnesia. AB - A 33-year-old patient was studied neuropsychologically 19 years after sustaining severe head trauma. A recent CT scan showed lesions in the left frontal and right temporal regions. Performance on standard memory tests, both verbal and visuospatial, was extremely poor, although other intellectual functioning was relatively spared. The patient showed some interesting deficits in semantic processing. In a depth of processing task there was no advantage for words where semantic encoding had been induced. Neither was there any release from proactive interference after shifts in semantic categories. Deficits were also observed in short-term memory distractor tasks as well as in cueing tasks. These findings suggest that the cognitive deficits commonly observed in Korsakoff's disease can also be present in other amnesic disorders and may in part be related to cortical and especially frontal lobe atrophy. PMID- 6546031 TI - Hemisphere functioning and motor imitation in autistic persons. AB - Previous research has found that a high proportion of autistic individuals exhibit an atypical pattern of hemispheric specialization suggestive of impaired left hemisphere functioning: namely, right hemisphere dominance for both verbal and visual-spatial processing. Studies of brain-damaged persons have suggested that the left hemisphere is specialized for the use of nonverbal gesture. Since a major characteristic of autism is an impairment in the use of gesture, it was predicted that autistic persons would also show atypical hemispheric specialization for motor imitation. To test this hypothesis, hemispheric activation was measured using EEG recordings of alpha rhythm in autistic and matched normal control subjects during four motor imitation tasks. Autistic subjects showed significantly greater right hemisphere activation during the imitation tasks, than normal subjects. This pattern was particularly evident in younger autistic subjects and during oral, rather than manual, imitation tasks. PMID- 6546032 TI - Multidimensional influences of cerebral asymmetries on visual half-field asymmetries and cognitive skills. AB - Evoked potentials to laterally presented stimuli were collected from left and right tempero-parietal sites during performance of two visual half-field tasks, lexical decision, and line orientation discrimination. Reaction time and accuracy data were simultaneously collected. The behavioral data indicated the development of a right field advantage for the lexical decision task as a function of practice. A principal components analysis revealed three independent evoked potential components which displayed task-dependent hemispheric asymmetries. Multiple regression analyses revealed that visual half-field asymmetries in response accuracy were closely related to hemispheric asymmetries on several independent evoked response components. Subject's scores on independent tests of verbal reasoning and spatial relations were also found to be closely related to hemispheric asymmetry on several independent evoked response components. These data support a multidimensional concept of cerebral specialization. They also suggest that visual field asymmetries reflect the confluence of several underlying processes which have independent lateralization distributions across the population. In general, the results underscore the need for further research on the nature of the relationship between cerebral and perceptual asymmetries. PMID- 6546033 TI - Evoked potential and visual half-field evidence for task-dependent cerebral asymmetries in congenitally deaf adults. AB - Twelve congenitally deaf subjects participated in a visual half-field experiment under two conditions, lexical decision and line orientation discrimination. Reaction time, accuracy, and evoked potentials from left and right temporo parietal sites were simultaneously obtained. The evoked potential data were analyzed using a principal components analysis followed by analysis of variance and multiple regression. Both the visual half-field and the evoked potential data produced evidence of task-dependent cerebral asymmetries. Individual differences in visual half-field asymmetries in accuracy and individual scores on three cognitive paper and pencil tests were strongly predicted by linear combinations of several independent hemispheric asymmetry variables derived from evoked potential component scores. The results suggest that cerebral specialization in congenitally deaf people is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon, and provide the first evidence for a direct relationship between cerebral asymmetry and cognitive performance in this population. PMID- 6546034 TI - Asymmetry of perception in free viewing of chimeric faces. AB - We have devised a new free-vision task to index functional cerebral asymmetry for processing facial characteristics. Confirming its sensitivity to properties of lateralized hemispheric functions, left- and right-handers were clearly differentiated on this task with respect to several aspects of performance that conform with known differences between handedness groups in hemispheric asymmetry. Additionally, there were highly reliable and stable individual differences in perceptual asymmetries within handedness. Analyses of items in the task revealed that most of the differences between items in the asymmetries they elicited were random. PMID- 6546035 TI - Facing up to the issues: reply to Hellige (1983). AB - In a recent article in this journal, Hellige (Brain and Cognition, 2, 199-203, 1983) presented a critique of the chimeric-face technique that was used by us to validate a hand preference questionnaire. Data were presented by Hellige to show that the left visual field (LVF) bias that occurs on this task is due primarily to differences in detail in the features of the two faces and not because of right hemisphere dominance for face perception. In our rebuttal, we acknowledge that the two faces are not mirror-image duplicates of each other, but contend that this fact does not explain why differences between left-handers and right handers have been observed on this task. Further data on the role of handedness as well as other variables impacting on this task are presented. A possible explanation is also offered for the rather small extent of LVF bias that Hellige obtained when he used corrected (i.e., true mirror-image) versions of Jaynes' chimeric faces. PMID- 6546036 TI - Putaminal hemorrhage presenting as dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome. AB - A patient with chronic hypertension presented clinically with the dysarthria- clumsy hand syndrome. A CT scan demonstrated putaminal hemorrhage sparing the internal capsule. This case provides additional evidence that lacunar syndromes may not be due to lacunar infarction. The localization of dysarthria--clumsy hand appears similar to that of ataxic hemiparesis. PMID- 6546037 TI - A case of arteriovenous malformation of the third ventricle: a clinical presentation and special features. AB - Rarely, a lesion simulating a colloid cyst of the third ventricle may present with obstructive hydrocephalus and headache. Experience with an arteriovenous malformation in this location is discussed. PMID- 6546038 TI - Developmental syndrome of the angular gyrus. PMID- 6546039 TI - The effects of prefrontal leucotomy on visuoperceptive and visuoconstructive tests. AB - Visuoperceptive and visuoconstructive tests were administered to three groups of schizophrenics who had undergone bilateral prefrontal leucotomy approximately 25 years earlier. A nonoperated schizophrenic patient group and a normal subject group served as controls for the effects of schizophrenic symptomatology and for age and education. The results demonstrated that orbital frontal white matter lesions do not disturb simple perceptions and constructions. The nonoperated schizophrenics had significant problems on many of the tests. Only one test, the WAIS Picture Arrangement, revealed deficits in all patient groups, including the good recovery leucotomized patients. This suggests impairment in the higher-order control and organization of perceptual material which may be secondary to orbital frontal white matter lesions or reflect aspects of the underlying schizophrenic disorder. PMID- 6546040 TI - Effect of heparin reversal following endarterectomy in an atherosclerotic animal model. AB - A focal atherosclerotic plaque was induced in the aortas of New Zealand White female rabbits by a balloon injury and an atherogenic diet. Under general anesthesia and systemic heparinization, endarterectomy was performed using the operating microscope. Animals were sacrificed at 5, 10, 20, and 60 min following the endarterectomy and operated aortic segments were perfused and examined using scanning electron microscopy. Each segment was compared to a similar segment of endarterectomized aorta from a normal, nonatherosclerotic rabbit. Thrombus formation including aggregated platelets, red cells, and fibrin was found to be more pronounced in the atherosclerotic segments. Ten more atherosclerotic rabbits underwent identical procedures except that heparin was reversed using protamine sulfate 5 min following the endarterectomy. When these specimens were compared to a similar atherosclerotic group without heparin reversal, it was evident that a tremendous thrombogenic process had taken place in the "reversed" segments. This study suggests that atherosclerosis may alter thrombogenesis following an operative vascular procedure and that early reversal of heparin following an endarterectomy should be viewed with caution. PMID- 6546041 TI - Syncope due to right atrial myxoma. AB - Atrial myxomas are uncommon, but when present they often cause neurological abnormalities. Those that arise from the left atrium are a well-recognized source of cerebral emboli while those that arise in the right atrium may cause recurrent attacks of syncope. Twelve cases of atrial myxoma were treated at Loma Linda University Medical Center from 1968 to 1984. Loss of consciousness was one of the symptoms in all three of the right-sided lesions. Surgical removal of the tumor eliminated the attacks of syncope in each case. Right atrial myxoma is a rare lesion, but it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of loss of consciousness of unknown etiology. PMID- 6546042 TI - Comments on the classification of chronic pain: its clinical significance. PMID- 6546043 TI - Application of a new rating scale of brain dysfunction to monitoring rehabilitation in 65 patients with severe head injury. AB - Sixty-five patients with severe head injury sustained in motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are the subject of the prospective investigation. For assessment of results of a particular treatment, planning of long-range management and predicting the outcome in terms of employment or of self-care, it is essential to monitor sequentially the progress of recovery. A comprehensive semiquantitative rating Scale g was developed and its application during repeated examinations demonstrated. The Scale g is open-ended, as it allows physicians and investigators in the health field to produce their own schedules of any disability provided that seven levels of that particular dysfunction are defined according to the principles of Scale g. The progress of recovery in motor deficits, dysarthria, mental impairment, and self-care was assessed using appropriate schedules according to Scale g in 65 inpatients at their first admission to the rehabilitation center and at their discharge. The change was made evident by showing patients' advancement, if present, to the higher functional level. It was estimated at the time of discharge that 23.1% can be expected to return to full-time employment, 38.5% are likely to perform part-time lesser work, 13.8% may be able to perform certain, non remunerative chores at home, 24.6% would not be able to do any work--about one-third of them will permanently require long-care facility. PMID- 6546044 TI - Thalamic pain. PMID- 6546045 TI - Basic electrocardiography: leads, axes, arrhythmias. PMID- 6546046 TI - Osteoporosis. PMID- 6546047 TI - The artificial heart. PMID- 6546048 TI - [Continuous regional arterial chemotherapy with subcutaneous infusional pump in pelvic neoplasms. Technical note]. PMID- 6546049 TI - [Etiopathogenesis of La Peyronie disease: analysis of 40 cases]. PMID- 6546050 TI - Centrifugal leukocytapheresis and thrombocytapheresis: recommendations concerning donor safety, quality control of the prepared concentrate, and use of equipment. PMID- 6546051 TI - Normal donor monitoring standards. PMID- 6546052 TI - Dosage and scheduling regimens for glucocorticoids. PMID- 6546053 TI - Dosage regimens for citrate anticoagulants. PMID- 6546054 TI - Cellular depletion by apheresis. PMID- 6546055 TI - Issues for informed consent. AB - Informed consent from a cytapheresis donor is the culmination of a complex decision making process during which the blood collecting agency presents sufficient information to enable the donor to make a free choice whether or not to donate. The institution bears the responsibility for providing all information relevant to the donor's decision, whether favorable or unfavorable. At no other stage of its contact with the donor can a collecting agency discharge its public trust more meaningfully. Thus, informed consent is not only the greatest altruistic expression from the unrelated volunteer donor, or the expression of deepest commitment to the family for the related donor, it is also the fullest expression of the value which the institute places on the autonomy of the donor. The foundation upon which the concept of informed consent rests has been laid by law, medicine, government, ethics, and religion. Although the procedures accompanying the informed consent process appear bureaucratic, they should be viewed as the components of a remarkable, dynamic process. The consent of a donor to undergo cytapheresis is an eloquent statement of the value he or she places on the importance of another human being's life. PMID- 6546056 TI - Platelet concentrates: functional considerations, storage, and quality control. PMID- 6546057 TI - Complications related to equipment and technique. AB - Automated cytapheresis, when performed by experienced operators using modern equipment, is remarkably free of adverse effects. A declining pattern of equipment failure and related problems has been recorded in the 220,000 procedures performed by the American Red Cross in the past 5 years. Other cytapheresis centers report similar findings. Current CBCS are safe and reliable, and defects in plastic disposables, while irritating, result in little danger to the donor. Operator vigilance and careful attention to the details of the procedure can eliminate the majority of serious potential complications that have been encountered to date. PMID- 6546058 TI - Mononuclear cell (MNC) collection by continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC). AB - Mononuclear cell separation and collection by continuous-flow centrifugation relates to centrifugal acceleration, total blood processed, peripheral blood concentration, and probable mobilization from extravascular sites during the procedure. At low-G forces, 70-80% of mononuclear cells are cleared. As G forces are increased, 95-100% of mononuclear cells can be cleared, but excessive platelet depletion occurs. An average of three billion cells were harvested from 2-3 liters of blood, rising to nine billion when 6 liters were processed. The total blood processed is defined by citrate infusion rates and ionized calcium changes. Large quantities of mononuclear cells were collected from normal donors without any significant depletion. If the objective of harvesting mononuclear cells is depletion, intensive schedules may be needed. PMID- 6546060 TI - The art of being understood. Part I. PMID- 6546061 TI - A practical approach to compartmental syndrome. Part III. Management. AB - Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of an established compartment syndrome usually results in a functional extremity for the patient. In my experience, the commonest causes for failure of a fasciotomy are (1) delay in initiation of the operative procedure and (2) an incomplete fasciotomy. Thorough knowledge of the anatomy of the upper and lower extremity should allow the surgeon to confidently decompress any compartment with relative ease and safety for the patient. Most of these extremities have already suffered closed blunt trauma, and many are associated with an underlying fracture. It is mandatory that the surgeon minimize the operative trauma by careful handling of soft tissue and expeditious fixation of a coexistent fracture. PMID- 6546059 TI - Plasma exchange in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). AB - Plasma exchange therapy in autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) was used in four patients (two with warm hemolytic anemia and two with cold hemolytic anemia). The size of each plasma exchange approximated 1 plasma volume; three consecutive daily exchanges removed 80-90% of the immunoglobulins--immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM)-, complement (C3, C4), and reduced antibody titers. Transfusion requirements dramatically decreased after plasma exchange in each case. In two patients, red blood cell (RBC) survival studies were performed to more accurately assess the effect of plasma exchange therapy, since steroid and/or immunosuppressive therapy was given concomitantly. In one case of cold AIHA, homologous 51Cr-RBC were injected 4 days prior to plasma exchange and repeat injection (same donor) following completion of plasma exchange. The survival curve prior to plasma exchange therapy had a T 1/2 = 7.8 days (r = 0.988) and after plasma exchange therapy had a T 1/2 = 20.4 days (r = 0.925). RBC survival studies using homologous 51Cr-RBC were also performed in a patient with warm AIHA. The survival curve before plasma exchange had a T 1/2 = 2 days (r = 0.95), and postplasma exchange a T 1/2 = 1.8 days (r = -0.91). Plasma exchange therapy seems to have a beneficial effect in cold rather than warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 6546062 TI - Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in children. AB - Spondylolysis is a common problem found in 5% of the general population. The etiology is a combination of two factors: (1) hereditary predisposition resulting from a congenital deficiency of the sacrum and posterior structures and (2) developmental factors, such as trauma, posture, or certain repetitive activities, that may precipitate a stress fracture of the pars interarticularis in susceptible individuals. Although the lesion occurs during the growth years, few individuals develop symptoms during childhood and adolescence. For the occasional child who develops symptoms, the onset usually coincides with the adolescent growth spurt, and similarly progression of spondylolisthesis occurs between the ages of 10 and 15. When symptoms develop, the child may complain of low back pain and to a lesser extent pain in the posterior buttock and thighs, usually without a neurologic deficit. A few seek medical attention because of the postural deformity or abnormal gait, secondary to hamstring tightness. Symptoms are usually initiated by strenuous activity and relieved by limitation of activity or rest. Children with spondylolisthesis appear to have more flexibility or looseness at the L5-S1 junction than their adult counterparts (Fig. 7-11). This increased mobility is reflected in the radiologic appearance of the vertebrae. There is gradual erosion of the anterior as well as the posterior aspect of the sacrum, which becomes domed or peaked in the middle. This inhibition of growth is mirrored in the trapezoid shape of the body of L5 and directly related to the degree of slip. The wear pattern suggests a teeter-totter type of instability of the fifth lumbar vertebra on the sacrum (Fig. 7-15). The sclerotic buttress appearance or reactive changes common in adults are uncommon in children (Fig. 7 17). As the slip advances to the higher grades, the sacrum and posterior aspect of the pelvis become more vertical (anterior inclination), again reflecting instability in combination with tight hamstrings and backward pulling of the pelvis (angle of tilt), giving rise to the marked physical changes and localized kyphosis of the lumbosacral spine. There is considerable evidence to suggest that when the spondylolisthesis exceeds 50%, there are many dynamic and anatomic factors at work to potentiate continued deformity and symptoms in the growing adolescent. This is reflected clinically by the frequent failure of conservative measures in controlling symptoms and the need for surgical intervention in a significant percentage of patients once the slip exceeds grade II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6546063 TI - Management of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. PMID- 6546064 TI - Degenerative spondylolisthesis. AB - This is an interesting group of patients who have in common the roentgenographic finding of degenerative spondylolisthesis. This is a retrospective, uncontrolled review. It would be interesting to have a similar matched group of 132 patients in the same age group without degenerative spondylolisthesis but with marked degenerative changes to compare symptoms, signs, and outcome of treatment. We have not had adequate follow-up on the nonoperative patients and therefore cannot provide data for comparison with the operative group. A total of 51 of our 132 patients had 83 operative procedures. Twenty-five percent, or 13 patients, showed a degenerative spondylolisthesis at L4-5 with a previous history of having undergone a disk excision at the same level. Seven of the 51 patients (14%) developed a progressive slip following surgery. None of these patients had previous fusion. Two patients of the 17 that we operated on primarily (12%) subsequently developed a progressive symptomatic slip. We have concluded from this review that spinal fusion should be performed in conjunction with decompression more frequently in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis despite the fact that the majority of these patients are over 60 years of age. PMID- 6546065 TI - Adult scoliosis. AB - Adult scoliosis is a complex and difficult area of modern orthopaedics. Thanks to modern techniques of both operative and nonoperative care, treatment is now possible for problems thought of as impossible only a few years ago. Most adult scoliosis problems require a great depth of evaluation and decision making before arriving at the best form of treatment. Failure to do these necessary steps can lead to monumental problems. Nonoperative treatment of painful curves is best done with orthotics and not with physiotherapy. The operative procedure of choice for most patients is posterior instrumentation and fusion, striving for stabilization and pain improvement, not dramatic curve or cosmetic change. Pain is usually significantly improved but is almost never totally eliminated. Special procedures, such as anterior correction and fusion as well as combined anterior and posterior procedures, are appropriate only for very special problems. The complication rate for adult scoliosis surgery is far higher than for children and adolescents and usually increases with age. Surgeons should not attempt treatment of adults until thoroughly competent in the treatment of adolescent scoliosis. PMID- 6546066 TI - Stress in the life of surgeons. AB - Medical-training institutions must begin to give more than token attention to the near universal stresses that are an integral part of role confusion conflicts in the practice of medicine. Every student should be mentally and emotionally prepared for the negative side of success. There are certainly no guaranteed mentally hygienic methods that will prevent neurotic stress reactions, but heightened awareness as to where the dangers might lie will greatly decrease the incidence of catastrophic reactions. As a final recommendation training institutions must expose their students to behavioral scientists who will win their respect and establish credibility for the healing arts. Based on limited data, 10% of physicians will be in need of a behavioral scientist's counsel by age 45 years. PMID- 6546067 TI - Spinal instrumentation. Part I. Principles of posterior and anterior instrumentation. PMID- 6546069 TI - Zielke instrumentation. PMID- 6546068 TI - Segmental spinal instrumentation with L-rods. AB - LRI is a relatively new and highly effective technique of spinal fixation. Because the need for a cast or orthosis after the operation is eliminated, it is especially applicable to scoliosis of neuromuscular origin. The early success with segmental fixation has stimulated much laboratory and clinical investigation that seems certain to make operative treatment for most spine deformities more effective. With LRI the assets of secure fixation and adaptability are gained at the expense of more complex surgery, longer operating time, greater blood loss, and probable higher risk of neural injury. PMID- 6546070 TI - The management of musculoskeletal problems in hemophilia. Part II. Pathophysiologic and roentgenographic changes in hemophilic arthropathy. PMID- 6546071 TI - Nonoperative management of hemophilic arthropathy and muscle hemorrhage. PMID- 6546073 TI - Surgical treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. AB - Until the cause of femoral head osteonecrosis is understood and preventive treatment devised, surgery is the best treatment available. Early recognition and surgical treatment in the beginning stages offers the best hope for salvaging the diseased femoral head. Osteotomy, allograft, and autograft techniques may prove to be successful salvage procedures in advanced stages (III and IV). Failure of the salvage procedures requires artificial replacement surgery, which is less than ideal. PMID- 6546072 TI - Pathogenesis of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. AB - The findings of elevated BMP in the preradiologic stages of INFH and the histologic findings of extensive bone marrow ischemia and necrosis preceding trabecular death support the pathogenetic concept that INFH represents a compartment syndrome similar to the anterior tibial compartment syndrome following tibial fracture and increased intracranial pressure following closed head injury. The documentation by multiple authors that decompression instituted in the preradiologic stage leads to a high percentage of success both in relief of symptoms and lack of radiographic progression further supports this hypothesis. The compartment syndrome can be viewed as the final common path down which multiple etiologic entities proceed to a clinical syndrome that has a remarkably uniform clinical and radiographic expression. Acceptance of this pathogenetic concept leads to an aggressive approach to early diagnosis and treatment. Even in these circumstances, the majority of patients with INFH will seek help for the first side only after collapse has begun, at which time a decompression offers only a temporary relief of symptoms but does not appear to significantly alter the course of the disease over the long term. However, since the majority of patients with nontraumatic INFH will develop the disease on the second side and since only a small percentage have bilaterally collapsed femoral heads, an opportunity frequently exists to salvage the second side. PMID- 6546074 TI - Prosthetic replacement in osteonecrosis of the hip. AB - The young patient with avascular necrosis of the hip presents one of the unsolved problems in orthopaedics today. Many of these patients are active and have expectations of continuing activities that may be far in excess of reality, considering the results achieved in these patients with replacement arthroplasty. In contrast to this group of patients, the patient with systemic disease has a built-in "brake" and appears to do well with conventional arthroplasty. New fixation techniques are yielding more promising results, and continued research into new modes of fixation such as porous ingrowth may well cast a new light on the problem. At this time, however, the clinician is called on to evaluate not only the disease process but the anticipated continuing activity of the patient. Thus there is no one procedure appropriate for this disease but rather several alternatives, each having its own indication at a specific stage in the disease process. PMID- 6546075 TI - Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. PMID- 6546076 TI - Condylocephalic nailing of proximal femoral fractures. AB - The use of a closed nailing technique for elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures has resulted in a substantially improved mortality. The incidence of fixation failures and degree of shortening are similar to that experienced with sliding screw and sliding nail plate systems. However, since rotational deformities may occur, the procedure is most beneficial for debilitated patients with intertrochanteric fractures, who represent substantial surgical risks. In general, subtrochanteric fractures occur in a younger group of patients. Since the proximal fragment is usually much larger and the quality of bone superior in this group of patients, the fixation failure rate was extremely low and significant loss of rotatory reduction did not occur. The body of experience gained in recent years with closed nailing techniques for femoral shaft and tibial fractures is directly applicable to the closed nailing of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. Extremely comminuted fractures or long oblique fractures may shorten, and rotatory reduction and control must always be a concern. These difficulties must be weighed against the advantages of a negligible infection rate and extremely low nonunion and implant failure rates. PMID- 6546077 TI - Remote nailing of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - Remote nailing of intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures of the femur is a definite addition to the armamentarium in the management of these injuries. The advantages of the technique are too great to ignore. The surgeon should not be misled, however, into thinking that this is an easy operation or that it represents a panacea for difficult fracture situations. Considerable time must be spent learning the operative technique, its pitfalls and complications, and the postoperative management of patients. After the operation we allow our patients early weight bearing in the knee-extended position, this being maintained by the use of a Jones bandage. We believe that the prevention of knee flexion minimizes stresses across the fracture site and prevents the tendency toward external rotation. Early external rotation deformity in the patient lying in bed may cause concern, but this tendency toward external rotation disappears as soon as the patient begins to walk and bear weight. In the patient with the fracture anatomically reduced and fixed a significant external rotation will not be a problem. The use of remote nailing does not eliminate complications in the surgical treatment of intertrochanteric fractures but merely replaces one set of complications for another. It is our belief that the complications arising from remote nailing in intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures are of less severity to the patient and more easily managed by the surgeon than the more traditional complications occurring as a result of direct attack on the fracture site with the implantation of various nail plate devices. Lower blood loss, shorter operating time, decreased incidence of infection, earlier walking, extremely high rate of union, and extremely low rate of implant failure are sufficient returns for occasional shortening and occasional external rotation deformity, the two complications most frequently mentioned in the literature. Excessive deformity, failure of fixation, and pin migration either proximally or distally are attributable to poor technique (with the system) and are not inherent defects of the method itself. As a relatively unbiased observer I find praise and fault with both techniques and am not in a position to recommend one over the other for any given surgeon or any given fracture. The concept advanced by both Ender and Harris, however, is sound and if used correctly can improve the overall care of the unfortunate patient who suffers an intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. PMID- 6546078 TI - Closed intramedullary bone grafting for diaphyseal defects of the femur. PMID- 6546079 TI - Closed intramedullary nailing of the humerus. PMID- 6546080 TI - External fixation of the pelvis. AB - During the past decade the useful classification and principles of management of the fractured pelvis have progressed rapidly. For the acute management the principal consideration is the control of severe intrapelvic hemorrhage. A protocol has been developed that combines the early application of external fixation with a closed reduction of the pelvic fracture. A marked decrease in the anticipated amount of intrapelvic hemorrhage has been documented. The coupled double anterior frame and its biomechanical equivalent, the newly developed triangular system, are easily applied to the pelvic ring and provide adequate stability for the treatment of the patient with a stable or unstable pelvic ring fracture. Thus the complex earlier design has been replaced by a simpler system. The triangular frame provides adequate stability so that the patient can undertake independent bed-to-chair transfers and early resumption of a weight bearing gait. Late pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and urologic complications with prolonged bed rest and cast immobilization therefore have greatly diminished. In the present series in which external fixation has been applied to unstable pelvic ring fractures with a single posterior disruption, late loss of reduction, nonunion, and malunion almost have been entirely avoided. In addition, a simple triangular frame provides access to the abdominal wall and offers minimal postoperative interference with nursing care of the patient. Once the general condition of the patient has stabilized, supplementary techniques of open reduction and internal fixation may be applied to appropriate complex fracture patterns. These methods are fully reviewed elsewhere. Thus early rigid stabilization of the patient who sustains a pelvic ring fracture facilitates diminution of fracture pain, early mobilization of the patient, discharge, improved morale, and ultimately, decreased fracture morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6546081 TI - Hematogenous osteomyelitis in children. AB - Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the formation of pus within bone. Bone destruction and spread of the infection to contiguous areas may be rapid and significantly alter the prognosis and potential for complications. Bacteriologic isolation of the infecting organism is essential to determine the appropriate antibiotic to be used. Mechanical removal of pus is necessary for optimal antibiotic function. Surgical decompression should be performed if aspiration reveals pus or if roentgenograms show evidence of bone destruction. PMID- 6546082 TI - Musculoskeletal infections in children. Part II. Primary subacute epiphyseal osteomyelitis. PMID- 6546083 TI - Musculoskeletal infections in children. Part III. The use of bone scans for the detection of osteomyelitis. PMID- 6546084 TI - Fungal osteomyelitis in children. AB - Fungal osteomyelitis is rare in children. Eumycetoma osteomyelitis occurs by direct external inoculation. Suspicion should be aroused when there are intermittent or persistent draining sinuses, even if bacterial cultures are positive. Treatment must be aggressive and should include radical local debridement. The quest for effective systemic chemotherapy should continue. Persistent drainage, ascending infection, and a functionless extremity are reasons for considering amputation. PMID- 6546086 TI - The art of being understood. Part II. Inhibitors in organizational communications: tuning out the noise. PMID- 6546085 TI - Musculoskeletal infections in children. Part VI. Disseminated gonococcal infections and gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 6546088 TI - A practical approach to compartmental syndromes. Part I. Definition, theory, and pathogenesis. AB - This discussion of the pathogenesis of compartmental syndromes may be summarized as follows: Compartmental syndromes may arise from any cause of increased tissue pressure. The tissue pressure of importance in considering the circulatory changes produced by a compartmental syndrome is the net force per unit area exerted on vessel walls. Increased local tissue pressure increases local venous pressure, decreasing the local arteriovenous gradient. This reduces local blood flow and oxygenation, compromising local tissue function and viability. The tolerance of tissue for increased pressure varies with local arterial pressure, the duration of pressure application, and possibly with the local metabolic needs of the tissue. Prompt diagnosis and complete surgical decompression are essential to preserve the viability and function of tissues threatened by a compartmental syndrome. PMID- 6546087 TI - Disk-space infection in children. AB - Disk-space infection and vertebral osteomyelitis are two separate entities. Disk space infection is an isolated soft tissue infection usually caused by coagulase positive S. aureus. There is reactive osteolytic and osteoblastic activity in the two adjacent vertebral end-plates. Treatment by immobilization alone usually produces a satisfactory outcome. A satisfactory outcome can be accomplished by bed rest or use of a corset or cast. Infrequently, needle biopsy or open biopsy may be necessary for the diagnosis and treatment of resistant disease; this usually is needed in an older child. Surgery and antibiotics are indicated in patients with persistent symptoms, persistent elevation of the sedimentation rate, and failure of the radiologic changes to improve. The findings and recommendations concerning children should not be applied to adults. PMID- 6546089 TI - A practical approach to compartmental syndromes. Part II. Diagnosis. AB - The earliest manifestation of a compartment syndrome is elevated intracompartmental pressure. Over a relatively short period of time this increased pressure and ischemia can cause permanent injury to the contents of the compartment if left untreated. To achieve early diagnosis and treatment of a compartment syndrome, recognition of the clinical findings and measurement of intracompartmental pressure must be expeditious. PMID- 6546090 TI - Principles of tumor management. AB - Primary musculoskeletal tumors are rare in the practice of orthopaedic surgery because they are unusual in the general population. The orthopaedist is often the first physician faced with the decision of how the patient should be evaluated and treated. The best opportunity for control of the tumor and maximal function is dependent on the initial management. History and physical examination are essential. Each patient must be appropriately staged to determine the anatomic extent of the tumor and its histologic type and grade. Plane x-ray examination, tomograms, isotope bone scans, angiograms, and CT are all useful tools in the staging of a musculoskeletal tumor but must be requested with specific questions asked of the radiologist if maximal benefit is to be obtained from them. Serum determination of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, protein electrophoresis, and sedimentation rate and urine determination of protein electrophoresis are the minimal laboratory evaluations suggested. Following careful staging of the patient and discussion with the pathologist regarding possible diagnoses and treatment, a thoughtful biopsy should be done. Consideration should be given to an immediate limb salvage procedure when appropriate, based on a frozen section diagnosis. This requires that the surgeon who performs the biopsy accept the responsibility for the definitive treatment of the patient. PMID- 6546091 TI - Displaced ankle fractures treated surgically and postoperative management. AB - Ankle fractures are common in young adults, often resulting from athletic activities. They can be subdivided into stable and unstable fractures. The unstable fracture consists of bone or a combined bone and ligamentous injury. In an unstable fracture the talus is displaced 2 mm or more and open reduction with internal fixation is recommended. Good functional results depend on three factors -anatomic restoration of the articulating surfaces, early range of motion, and early weight bearing. The role of early weight bearing is emphasized as a significant factor in contributing to good functional results. Based on our clinical experience with the nonathletic patient, 10 degrees of dorsiflexion is required for normal activities. Dorsiflexion has been noted to be a significant movement, and its limitation causes more disability than limited plantar flexion. A below-knee orthosis was described that enables the patient to ambulate and exercise dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, minimizing rotational forces acting on the ankle. PMID- 6546092 TI - Treatment of ankle malunion. AB - Surgery of the ankle has reached the stage where reconstruction of malunions are not only possible but advisable. It is becoming more evident that if done early, and if done before the onset of arthritic changes, good results can be obtained. Certainly it is far more preferable to restore a malunited ankle to a functional level than to allow the patient to continue to experience pain and to wait until degenerative arthritis requires that an arthrodesis be performed. PMID- 6546093 TI - Basic concepts and applications in open tibial fractures. AB - These data indicate that unilateral frames erected with rather stiff pins and rods carry few of the serious problems that were typical for the traditional half frames characterized by weak components, routine medial application, and limited pin spread. In comparison with one- and two-plane bilateral fixator configurations, unilateral frames are safer and more versatile, provide better access to limb and injury, do not interfere with knee and ankle motion, facilitate patient mobility, allow full unsupported weight bearing, and have a low rate of serious complications. While the successful and effective use of unilateral half frames is predicated on the use of relatively stiff components, they can be erected with most presently available devices. If a modular fixator is employed, long clamps, which allow for an extended pin spread, are desirable. The routine use of partial and full weight bearing increases patient comfort and mobility and may have beneficial effects on the healing process. In order to have the fracture site accept larger loads toward the end of the treatment period, we have recently started to sequentially decrease the rigidity of our fixator frames by moving the longitudinal rods further away from the tibia and selectively loosening the two clamps closest to the fracture site. This allows for the transmission of almost all compressive and transverse bending loads across the fracture site but provides considerable protection from sagittal bending moments, which often cause anterior bowing late in the healing period. PMID- 6546094 TI - External skeletal fixation. Secondary indications. AB - In addition to open tibial fractures, external fixation has many other applications to the leg. By keeping the method in mind, the surgeon will find the occasional application in which external fixation may serve as a convenient, safe, and comfortable alternative method of treatment. PMID- 6546095 TI - Complications of external fixation. PMID- 6546096 TI - External and internal fixation of the pelvic ring. AB - From the basis of this experience an algorithm for the stabilization of virtually all types of pelvic ring disruption is provided which appears to outline suitable options in stabilization for virtually all types of pelvic ring fracture including those with acetabular disruption. Surgical complications have been sufficiently uncommon so that more widespread use of this protocol would appear to be justifiable. Nevertheless, the surgical techniques of internal fixation are formidable operations that should be undertaken only by those surgeons who possess appropriate training and experience. PMID- 6546097 TI - Wagner apparatus: a portable traction device for the femur. AB - The Wagner device has proved to be an extremely useful tool for controlling difficult femoral fractures. The fracture and soft tissue injury can be adequately controlled and the patient mobilized by use of the traveling traction principle. This apparatus is easily applied, and the fracture length and alignment can be readily maintained. The device has proven useful in permitting wound care and control. In the complicated polytraumatized patient it facilitates improved pulmonary care and patient hygiene. The advantage the Wagner device affords over conventional traction devices and other external fixation units makes its use a viable orthopaedic alternative. PMID- 6546098 TI - Percutaneous pinning of intracapsular hip fractures. AB - Femoral neck fractures constitute one third of all hip fractures in the United States. The literature suggests union rates from 85% to 95% and late segmental collapse between 7% and 12% in fractures treated by internal fixation. We advocate percutaneous pinning in situ for all nondisplaced fractures of the femoral neck (Garden stages I and II). Displaced fractures of the femoral neck (Garden stages III and IV) are manually reduced, fluoroscopically evaluated as described, and percutaneously pinned. Postoperatively these patients are allowed immediate full weight bearing. Although hemiarthroplasty has been advocated, complications including dislocation, deep wound infection, loosening, protrusio, and component migration, far outweight the relatively minor problems facing the surgeon with a failed percutaneous pinning. Secondary femoral head replacements for failed percutaneous pinnings have a substantially lower incidence of complications than primary replacements for the treatment of acute femoral neck fractures. PMID- 6546100 TI - Hemiarthroplasty and total arthroplasty in the treatment of intracapsular hip fractures. PMID- 6546099 TI - Femoral head preservation following subcapital fracture of the femur. AB - Primary fixation of displaced subcapital fractures offers a low morbidity and low mortality approach to a very common problem. The vast majority of patients receiving this form of treatment will not require further surgery. When contrasted with the problems of primary arthroplasty which included a higher morbidity and higher mortality, a higher infection rate, and the possibility of prosthetic loosening, prosthetic dislocation, acetabular wear to subsequent pain, and protrusio, the choice seems very clear. We would reserve arthroplasty for the following: Patients with pathologic fractures of the femoral neck secondary to metastatic disease. Patients with displaced fractures of the femoral oral neck who have primary hip disease such as rheumatoid arthritis. Patients with coexistent serious illness with a grossly limited life expectancy. Enfeebled elderly patients with minimal demands (senile, demented, minimal ambulatory or not ambulatory before fracture. (We would not perform primary arthroplasty in patients with neurologic disorder leading to spasticity or contracture, since we found the dislocation rate in such patients to be unacceptably high). In patients under 60 years of age with displaced subcapital fractures of the femoral neck we would advocate the following: Anatomic reduction (open, if necessary); Sound secure fixation; Staged muscle pedicle graft to promote increased fixation and ideally femoral head vascularity; No weight bearing until the fracture unites. In patients greater than 60 years of age we would advocate the following: Anatomic or slight valgus reduction of the fracture; Sound secure fixation; Impaction of the fracture; Weight bearing as tolerated. If these principles are followed, the results of a policy of femoral head preservation in displaced subcapital fractures will be very acceptable for both the patient and surgeon alike. In our opinion, prosthetic replacement equals salvage surgery, and it should be delegated to that role. PMID- 6546101 TI - Fixation of intertrochanteric hip fractures with sliding devices. PMID- 6546103 TI - Ender nailing in intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. AB - A review of 442 patients with intertrochanteric fractures of the femur has confirmed our initial finding in the first 227 patients so treated. Mortality continues at a low 11% at 6 months follow-up. No implant failures have occurred. Fixation failure, as manifested by head penetration or backing out of the nails with subsequent loss of fracture position, can be readily overcome by proper technique. External rotation deformity is controlled by prebending of the nails and early ambulation of the patient. Properly applied, Ender nailing represents a significant advance in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. PMID- 6546102 TI - The stable internal fixation of peritrochanteric hip fractures. AB - Most series found in the literature on peritrochanteric fractures report failure rates of 9% to 35% for nonsliding fixation and 5% to 12% for devices that allow collapse about the axis of the barrel of the device, indicating that the concept of load sharing is a valid principle in the management of these injuries. Reviewing our experience with the fully collapsible devices reveals a remarkably low incidence of complications related to both metal failure and postoperative penetration of the femoral head. Most of the failures in our series occurred before the routine use of fluoroscopic operative placement control and can be related to inadvertent intraoperative penetration of the femoral head. With modern techniques, therefore, these complications are largely preventable. Despite those failures, which cannot be explained by technical error, we are extremely pleased with our overall results because the fully collapsible devices appear to allow early weight bearing without fear of fixation complications, even in unstable fractures. This concept allows for easier postoperative rehabilitation and attendant diminished mortality rates as compared with other devices currently used. Although no study can conclusively demonstrate the clear superiority of the slotted Richards screw and Ken-Pugh nail over other forms of sliding fixation, we believe that if the concept of load sharing is valid, this modification is a simple, sensible, and effective addition to most nail plate devices used today. PMID- 6546104 TI - Alternatives in the management of subtrochanteric fractures. AB - Conventional appliances used for treating fractures of the hip frequently are unsuccessful in the management of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur. Such appliances must only be employed when fracture stability can be obtained by meticulous open reduction. The appliance used must be strong, of sufficient length, and well fixed to the underlying bone. In fracture types where rigid internal fixation cannot be accomplished because of comminution or poor bone stock, intramedullary fixation utilizing the Ender principle is advocated. PMID- 6546105 TI - Fractured hip in childhood. PMID- 6546106 TI - Treatment of the multiply injured patient: plans for treatment and problems of major trauma. AB - Certain principles involved in the treatment of fractures have stood the test of time. The thrust of modern orthopaedics has been to decrease morbidity by combining these principles with developments in physiology, bioengineering, radiology, and antibiotics. The goal remains anatomic bone union without infection and normal joint and muscle function. The surgeon's mission is to achieve this goal. For the multiply injured patient, survival depends on the quality of care. Surgical orientation permits one to stabilize the fractures and restore the patient to activities of daily living. Multiple fractures set the stage for multiple organ failure, and, as we have discussed, stabilization reduces the incidence of these problems. Basically, open fractures must be stabilized with plaster, traction, or surgery. Multiple fractures need rigid stabilization, which can be achieved with various techniques without jeopardizing limb or life. A simple, comprehensive plan should be implemented when the patient arrives in the emergency room. Treatment requires an interdisciplinary approach, with the surgeon heading a team of physicians, nurses, and technicians capable of handling the complications of each organ system. Teamwork and dedication to excellence by all involved will decrease mortality and morbidity. Survival is to be anticipated. If we have restored the anatomy early, before any organ failure, we are then ready to begin rehabilitation and achieve a much finer and enduring end result for the injured patient. PMID- 6546107 TI - Running injuries. Introduction. PMID- 6546108 TI - Runner's knee injuries. AB - In our series of running injuries 40% of all injuries have been related to the knee area. Over 20 million people in the United States run on a regular basis. Figures from large running sources show that 60% to 70% of individuals running regularly are injured severely enough to temporarily stop running. The figures are significant, not in the seriousness of the knee injury, but in the fact that seeking treatment for their knee problems. Orthopaedic surgeons, because of their ability to evaluate the entire lower extremity, become the central component for treatment of this large group of injured runners. As has been noted, the underlying biomechanical abnormality must be sought and dealt with or the symptoms return. By identification of the injured structure(s) integrated with biomechanical understanding, treatment can be developed on a rational basis, dealing with acute problems and prevention of future ones. PMID- 6546109 TI - Small cell tumors of bone. PMID- 6546110 TI - Rehabilitation of the injured runner. AB - I have attempted to discuss the preventive aspects of running injuries, the use of orthotic devices and their indications, the use of standard physiotherapeutic techniques, medications, injections, and finally surgery in the prevention of running injuries. Return to running and faulty training techniques have also been mentioned. PMID- 6546111 TI - Subcalcaneal pain: present status, evaluation, and management. AB - Subcalcaneal pain is a clinical syndrome characterized by pain beneath the heel that is worse with ambulation and not associated with any traumatic incident. At present many etiologic factors and forms of treatment have been proposed. Most people respond to nonoperative measures and conservative treatment. A method of evaluation and treatment according to the anatomy and the possible etiologic factors of this condition is presented, along with the plan for surgical management of those patients who have not responded to nonoperative measures and are incapacitated. PMID- 6546112 TI - Intractable plantar keratosis. AB - As I mentioned in the beginning of this discussion, it is imperative to treat all of these intractable plantar keratoses conservatively with proper shoes, metatarsal supports, and local care of the lesion before considering any type of surgical intervention. Many patients will respond to conservative management, and it is certainly the treatment of choice if the patient is satisfied with it. PMID- 6546113 TI - Rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon. AB - The clinician should be aware of the possibility of a rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon in adults who have developed a unilateral flatfoot deformity. By careful physical examination, the diagnosis can readily be made. In more advanced cases roentgenographic changes of medial subluxation of the talar head and evidence of sagging of the talonavicular joint are noted on the lateral view. If conservative treatment fails to result in a satisfactory clinical response, I believe the treatment of choice is a flexor digitorum longus transfer through the navicular. If this procedure fails, bony stabilization of the hindfoot may be indicated. PMID- 6546114 TI - Background on slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 6546115 TI - In situ fixation of chronic slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 6546116 TI - Osteotomies in the treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. PMID- 6546117 TI - Congenital hip dysplasia. PMID- 6546118 TI - Acute shoulder dislocations: factors influencing diagnosis and treatment. AB - The Bankart lesion is the most important single causative factor in traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations (85%). Capsular rupture occurs in approximately 15% of traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations and may or may not heal with redundancy. If so, recurrent dislocation in possible. Surgical repair of traumatic anterior dislocations requires that the capsule be opened for correct identification of the lesion and correct repair. Limitation of external rotation is not necessary for repair of anterior shoulder dislocations and should be considered as an untoward complication. While multiple procedures are available, all of which may be satisfactory at one time or another, no one procedure repairs all traumatic anterior shoulder dislocations. PMID- 6546119 TI - Early management of the rheumatoid joint. AB - The success of early management of the inflamed synovial joint in rheumatoid arthritis depends on a team effort. The patient, rheumatologist, orthopaedist, social worker, and physical therapist must communicate with each other and understand the objectives of any treatment program. Present medical therapy is encouraging, but there is still a place for early surgical management. Synovectomy has a definite role, and with careful patient selection using appropriate criteria, satisfactory long-term results may be expected. Future treatment plans will no doubt use medical synovectomy to a greater extent and employ new isotopes, for example, 165Dy. Also, better objective techniques of identifying appropriate candidates with adequate articular cartilage remaining must be developed. No matter which path therapeutic modalities follow, it is necessary to continue developing objective criteria of assessing the long-term results of treatment so that standard methods of reporting follow-up can be used to make appropriate comparisons. PMID- 6546120 TI - Total condylar knee arthroplasty for valgus and combined valgus-flexion deformity of the knee. AB - Total condylar knee arthroplasty was performed on 64 knees with fixed valgus or valgus/flexion deformities. The technique for release of tight lateral and posterior structures is important to balance the ligament. Clinical results were rated good and excellent in 95% of the knees. Four patients with excessive flexion deformities required 6 weeks of cast bracing in the immediate postoperative period for instabilities caused by an imbalance in the spacing in flexion and extension. In no joint in the entire series did stability deteriorate with time. There were no patellar complications or nerve palsies noted. Radiographic evaluation revealed well-fixed components in 92% of the arthroplasties. None has required revision for mechanical loosening to date. With proper technique the total condylar prosthesis can be employed in knees with valgus or valgus/flexion deformities to give predictably good results. The total condylar III prosthesis may be required in severe combined deformities for added stability. PMID- 6546121 TI - Donor site selection for cutaneous and myocutaneous free flaps. PMID- 6546122 TI - Thumb reconstruction by microsurgery. AB - A variety of vascularized toe tissue transfers are available for reconstruction of the thumb. These procedures may provide length, stability, and motion for pinch and grasp, offer adequate sensibility (average two-point discrimination is 15 mm) for prehension, and esthetically simulate the normal thumb better than previous conventional thumb reconstructive procedures. These one-stage procedures have become relatively reliable when performed by reconstructive surgeons experienced in microsurgery. The approach must be thoroughly planned, the surgery is long and meticulous, but the successful results are rewarding. When the wrap around method is appropriate, it is the procedure of choice because the great toe is preserved. PMID- 6546123 TI - Anatomy of peripheral nerve function and regeneration: an introduction. PMID- 6546124 TI - Evaluation of the extremity with peripheral nerve injury and timing for nerve suture. PMID- 6546125 TI - Management of nerve compression lesions. PMID- 6546126 TI - Management of peripheral nerve problems. Selected laboratory studies with potential clinical application. AB - Studies are needed to correlate central nervous system regenerative events to those degenerative events occurring in the periphery. We need to understand the complex relationship between the reinnervated peripheral end organs and integration of impulses to the central nervous system. PMID- 6546127 TI - Principles of psychomotor skills courses. AB - Surgical education has not shown much progress in the past few hundred years. We have more to teach, and we have formalized and fancied the process, but it essentially remains the same--the preceptor model in the clinical setting during formal education and passive learning without feedback after that. Few would question, therefore, that new and innovative techniques in surgical teaching need to be explored. Psychomotor skills teaching is one method. It is important that both teacher and student realize that it is being evaluated and will change. Perhaps it, like much of continuing medical education, will give way to cost control. Or it may become a standard in postgraduate education. Whatever happens, a careful consideration of its fundamentals leads me to believe that psychomotor skills teaching may be the best thing that has happened to surgical education in this century. PMID- 6546128 TI - The biology of fracture repair. AB - Fracture healing or bone regeneration has been described histologically, histochemically, biochemically, physiologically, biophysically, and biomechanically. However, these various descriptive analyses do not answer the following all-important questions: What is the inductor(s) that incites cells to start forming bone at the fracture site? What are the responding cells that serve as progenitor cells for the osteoblasts and chondroblasts that appear in the interfragmentary gap? Do factors exist that are required to maintain the regenerating process to its conclusion? Until answers to these questions are found in the laboratory, we will not know "how" bone heals or regenerates itself. PMID- 6546129 TI - The effects of function in fracture healing and stability. AB - A mechanically based classification system and hypothesis for fracture healing with peripheral callus has been proposed based on many years of clinical experience and numerous laboratory research studies. This hypothesis describes the interactions and influences on fracture healing from the vascular, mechanical, electric, chemical, and thermal environments in specific callus regions surrounding the fracture site. The central theme to this phenomenon is motion at the fracture site. The single factor distinguishing the effects of closed functional bracing of fractures from all other treatment modalities is motion between the fragments which results from early functional activity. Perhaps the stimulus to a prolonged inflammatory response is provided by friction between moving fracture fragments and the surrounding tissues. An increased vascular response results, and environmental factors are stimulated to form an abundant peripheral callus. Three distinct callus zones exist which provide overlapping stages of healing based on structure and optimized physiologic conditions. Clinical signs and symptoms, such as fracture stability as well as motion and pain at the fracture site, combine to provide the optimum feedback mechanism to control functional activity, which in turn governs environmental factors. Roentgenographic appearance can be better judged for mechanical significance if these three callus regions are appreciated. In animals as well as in humans, if function has correctly influenced the environment during callus formation, refracture strength is often greater than that of the original bone. PMID- 6546130 TI - Computer-based evaluation of cardiopulmonary function for the optimization of ventilatory therapy in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - A computer based evaluation system has been developed for the assessment of respiratory pressure flow dynamics, pulmonary gas exchange and ventilation perfusion interrelationships. This system is based on the acquisition of primary data on-line from intubated and ventilated patients consisting of airway pressures, ventilatory flows and mass spectrometric quantification of inspired and expired gas concentrations. The system has been applied to the study of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) following trauma and/or sepsis. The programs developed for evaluation of these data permit an interactive graphic capability to be used by the physician or the respiratory technician in a specific patient to determine the nature of the abnormalities in respiratory function. By use of this system for quantification of the extent and complications of the ARDS condition the specific ventilatory or cardiodynamic therapy can be tailored to meet the patient's physiologic needs. Techniques for optimization of conventional ventilator therapy are described and its application to the specific instances of combined high frequency ventilation or differential lung ventilation are presented. The clinical experience with this unit in a major trauma center suggests that quantitative analysis of an individual patients' respiratory dysfunction permits a precise, accurate and more effective approach to determining corrective therapy in ARDS. PMID- 6546131 TI - Techniques of respiratory monitoring. PMID- 6546132 TI - Mechanisms of abnormal gas exchange during anesthesia. AB - A review of the literature and of our recent data (obtained by computer-based analysis of multiple inert gas elimination) re-emphasizes the significant gas exchange disturbances found to occur during general anesthesia which develop for probably several reasons. In this report we suggest firstly that the reduction in functional residual capacity (FRC) may well be an effect of anesthesia just as is abnormal gas exchange. In other words, the reduction in FRC is not per se the cause of gas exchange disturbances, but rather occurs alongside them. Secondly, the causes of abnormal gas exchange may have more to do with local ventilatory reserve in lung regions, be that reserve via the existence of collateral ventilation as in dogs or via acute or chronic airway pathology in disease. Thus, species without adequate collateral ventilation or with some degree of airway disease would seem to be at greatest risk of developing highly significant gas exchange disturbances during general anesthesia. We speculate that this vulnerability is probably due to multiple factors that change as a result of the particular anesthetic agents used. Such factors include altered hypoxic vasoconstriction, a change in airway secretions and clearance of those secretions, changes in bronchomotor tone, changes in surfactant activity, and alveolar volume loss due to rapid uptake of soluble anesthetic gases like nitrous oxide. To qualitatively and quantitatively distinguish amongst these various potential factors will require experimental protocols and techniques of a highly controlled and accurate nature. That in 1983 we still do not understand the basic mechanisms behind abnormal gas exchange during anesthesia attests to the difficulty of mounting such an experiment. PMID- 6546133 TI - A data base system for pediatric intensive care. AB - A data base system has been designed at the pediatric intensive care unit of St. Gorans Hospital in Stockholm. Information on all cases treated during 1982 was retrieved, including information from another file containing data on inpatient stays in the county of Stockholm. Thus an automatic follow-up study was made and the results of intensive care were expressed as mortality occurring at the intensive care unit (ICU), mortality up to 180 days after discharge, average length of stay in the ICU and average number of bed days as inpatients from discharge from the ICU up to 180 days later. Altogether, 705 ICU days of 626 patients were retrieved. Mortality in the ICU was 8.6% and increased to 12.5% 180 days after discharge from the ICU. The average period of hospitalization after discharge from the ICU was 19 days. Cases diagnosed as IRDS were studied specifically and the mortality was 53% in cases with birth weights less than 1500 g and 13% in cases with birth weights of 1500 g or more. High mortality and long hospitalization after discharge from the ICU was seen in cases with neurological complications. All information was retrieved interactively from a display terminal at the department. This could be done at any hour of the day. PMID- 6546134 TI - Measurement of systolic time intervals during exercise using inductive plethysmography. AB - Measurement of systolic time intervals (STI) provides a noninvasive assessment of cardiac function in resting subjects. However, large motion artifacts often limit their application during exercise. To improve such measurements, we employed a new lightweight carotid arterial pulse transducer and minimized the artifacts by computerized signal averaging. The carotid pulse was recorded with an inductive plethysmographic transducer band (CIP) wrapped around the neck. STI derived from these measurements were compared to standard measurements from a funnel-shaped cup attached to the neck and connected to a pressure transducer (CUP) in 12 normal subjects at rest and with graded bicycle ergometry. To compare the techniques, CIP and CUP signals, together with the EKG and phonocardiogram, were connected separately to two microcomputer systems. The systems were triggered from the EKG and averaged the signals over 16 or 32 heart beats. Semi-automatic analysis of the averaged signals provided estimates of left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre-ejection period (PEP) and electromechanical systole (QS2). Motion artifact levels of the unprocessed signals were similar with both CIP and CUP methods but were greatly reduced by signal averaging. All LVET values using CIP fell within 10% of CUP values. 85% of PEP values using CIP were within 20% of CUP values. Increasing exercise loads produced appropriate decreases in QS2, LVET, PEP and PEP/LVET consistent with increased myocardial contractility. The CIP proved comfortable to wear and did not require critical positioning as did the CUP. Measurement of STI complements exercise pulmonary testing with useful information of cardiac function. PMID- 6546135 TI - A multipoint micro antimony pH electrode for tissue surface measurements. AB - Based on monocrystalline antimony we have developed a multipoint tissue surface pH electrode. The six electrodes were produced by spark cutting from a large antimony single crystal. The electrodes were then cast in epoxy resin in a ring shaped structure which fitted around the MDO oxygen electrode. The antimony electrode was ground and polished to expose an undisturbed closely packed crystal plane of antimony to the measuring solution. Before and after monitoring periods standardization was performed in TRIS buffers of pH 6.72, 7.32 and 7.74 at 37 degrees C. Antimony electrode potential is influenced by oxygen. Therefore, mean tissue oxygen pressure was registered simultaneously with an MDO electrode. The oxygen sensitivity factor used in this study was 18mV/logpO2. The correction factor for the antimony electrode oxygen dependence, measured in vitro, seemed to be correct also for the in vivo state. This, however, needs further investigation. To illustrate the usefulness of the multipoint pH electrode seven normal state rabbits were studied, and thereafter four - one each in a hypoxic, hypocarbic, hypovolemic or hyperoxic situation. In the normal state tissue pH measured on a skeletal muscle surface varied from 7.0 to 7.4. In the case of tissue microcirculation shutdown (in the hypocarbic or the hypovolemic situations), the initial reaction was a scattering of the pH values, and then the development of tissue acidosis. Our conclusion is that the use of a multipoint pH sensor enables improved and more detailed monitoring of the tissue acid-base status. PMID- 6546136 TI - A microcomputer based charting system for documentation of circulatory, respiratory and pharmacological data during anesthesia. AB - A system for the on-line production of anaesthetic records with a microcomputer is described. The requirements of the system are a keyboard, a video display unit and a colour plotter. The system requires no programming expertise from anaesthetists and nurses. The records have improved information display, patient care and reduced time spent in administration effort. Disadvantages are the relatively high cost and requirement of preprocessing of haemodynamic and respiratory parameters. PMID- 6546137 TI - Computer application for respiratory data processing in closed circuit anesthesia. AB - A computerized respiratory monitor system for closed circuit anesthesia is described. The system consists of a mass spectrometer, a hot-wire respiratory flow meter, a microcomputer, a central display and a recorder. Respiratory parameters obtained by the computerized system include O2 consumption, carbon dioxide production, expiratory minute volume and respiratory rate. Using this system, closed circuit anesthesia was used in eleven surgical patients. Breath by breath value of carbon dioxide production stayed within the normal range during the procedure, though that of oxygen consumption varied markedly. This system allows anesthesiologists to detect, breath by breath, optimal gas flow and metabolic requirement during the closed circuit anesthesia. Closed circuit anesthesia is being used with increasing frequency in recent years. The patient's condition must be monitored continuously during the closed circuit anesthesia to maintain optimal depth of anesthesia and to prevent hypoxia or hypercarbia; however, monitoring of the respiratory gas exchange is difficult. We have developed a computerized respiratory monitor system for the closed circuit anesthesia. PMID- 6546138 TI - Conjunctival oxygen monitoring in postoperative respiratory failure and shock. PMID- 6546139 TI - Series dead space volume assessed as the mean value of a distribution function. AB - Series dead space (VdS) is assumed to be represented by that volume exhaled until alveolar gas is observed. Phase II of the single breath CO2-diagram contains the (flow, concentration and sequence weighted) distribution off all stationary interfaces (SI) expired before phase III. We describe a new method to estimate the mean value of VdS based on the differentiation of phase II. This approximation of VdS is called the 'Pre Interface Expirate' (PIE) and is compared in this study with the integrative approach of Langley. Tidal volume (Vt) and PEEP were varied from 71 to 123% and from 0 to 6 cmH2O respectively. The estimation of VdS by differentiation of phase II (PIE) shows excellent reproducibility and depends only on phase II - not on phase III and IV as does VdS-Langley. PIE does not depend on Vt and PEEP per se but reflects the distension of convective airways due to elevated end-inspiratory airway pressure. Our results confirm the predictions of Paiva's model calculations in that the size of VdS is determined by the distension of airways rather than by the altered position of the SI. PMID- 6546140 TI - Computer analysis of intraoperative cardiac rhythms using esophageal and surface leads. AB - Esophageal ECG lead and computer as arrhythmia monitor were elevated in 6 dogs and 23 patients. In dogs arrhythmias were induced by an epinephrine infusion during halothane anesthesia. The computer identified 1858 irregular beats, a cardiologist 2130. Bigeminy was correctly identified 82% of the time, trigeminy 72%, couplets 29%, and ventricular tachycardia 45%. The false positive rate was .03%. In the operating room the monitor identified an average of 44 abnormal beats per patient. In 5 patients junctional rhythm was correctly identified. This study shows the feasibility of using an esophageal ECG lead for computerized ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmia monitoring in the operating room. PMID- 6546141 TI - PAF-acether-induced plasma exudation in rat skin is independent of platelets and neutrophils. AB - The ability of Paf-acether to induce increased plasma protein extravasation (IPPE) was assessed in the skin of rats by measuring extravasation of 125I-bovine serum albumin. Paf-acether elicited dose-dependent IPPE with a threshold of 0.04 pmol and a maximum at 4.5 nmol, with an effective concentration (EC50) of 23 pmol. The EC50 of the 1-0-ester Paf-acether analog was 1.5 nmol whereas 2-lyso Paf-acether was ineffective in inducing IPPE. Serotonin and histamine were respectively 100 and 1,00-fold less potent than Paf-acether. High doses of Paf acether also resulted in a dose related accumulation of III-indium oxine labeled platelets. Ultrastructural and radioisotopic studies showed that Paf-acether induced IPPE was not dependent upon platelet accumulation. In addition, platelet release products were ruled out in this phenomenon, since a "cocktail" of indomethacin, methysergide and pyrilamine-maleate failed to significantly reduce Paf-acether-induced IPPE. Neutrophils were not involved in Paf-acether -induced IPPE since nitrogen mustard-treated animals presented with IPPE not significantly different from controls. Finally, the specificity of Paf-acether on IPPE formation was demonstrated by its complete prevention by prior intravenous injection of Paf-acether (6 ug/kg), but not of Paf-acether analogs, histamine or serotonin. PMID- 6546142 TI - A mathematical representation of the microvascular network in the bat's wing. AB - We previously have published a description of a mathematical representation for general vascular networks. In this paper we will illustrate the application of this operator representation to the microvascular network found in the wing web of the bat. We will show that this method follows the rules of vector algebra, it can be used for determination of Orthogonality of two vectors, and can be used in calculating resistance through the microvascular network. The method can also be used for representation of vessel networks in three dimensions. PMID- 6546143 TI - Skeletal muscle capillarity during recovery from chronic hypoxic exposure. AB - Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups (Chronically Hypoxic, N = 15; Age-Control, N = 15; Weight-Control, N = 15) and studied immediately following a 36-day exposure at a simulated altitude of 5846m or after recovery periods of one, three or seven days. Following preincubation at pH 3.8, cross-sections of soleus muscle were stained by the calcium ATPase method and analyzed for six indices of skeletal muscle capillarity: capillary density (CD), fiber density, number of capillaries around each fiber (CAF), Capillary/fiber ratio (C:F), fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA), and fiber diameter. No differences in skeletal muscle capillarity were observed in chronically hypoxic rats at the termination of exposure or during the seven day recovery period. The Chronically Hypoxics differed significantly (p less than or equal to .05) from both control groups in three different measures of physiologic stress, but showed a definite trend toward recovery in the post-exposure period. This recovery was most apparent in body weight comparisons. The Chronically Hypoxics weighed less than the Age-Controls immediately following the exposure period but gained rapidly during the first three days post-exposure. These rapid body weight increases in rats recovering from chronic exposure to hypoxia suggest that age-controls should not be excluded in favor of weight-controls in similar studies. PMID- 6546144 TI - In vivo and electron microscopic study of the development of cerebral diabetic microangiography. AB - The cerebral microvasculature of rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) and vehicle-treated controls paired for age and sex were studied using in vivo and electron microscopic methods at intervals from two weeks to 12 months after induction of diabetes mellitus. By one month, the pial vessels of diabetics were dilated and tortuous; and, the vasoconstrictive responses of arterioles and venules to local increases of PO2 in the artificial CSF bathing these vessels was reduced as was the linear velocity of blood flow. Increased arterio-venous shunting also was observed. By five months the responsiveness to locally increased levels of PO2 was further reduced from control values of 49.9% +/- 5 (SEM) to 6.9% +/- 1.8 (SEM) in arterioles and from 11.5% +/- 2.1 (SEM) to 2.6% +/ 0.7 (SEM) in venules. No further significant change in responsiveness was measured from five to twelve months. At 5 months, the functional changes were no longer reversible; and focal changes were noted in the thickness and density of the vascular basement membrane. Astrocytic end feet were greatly swollen and contained mitochondria having longitudinal rearrangement of their cristae. Basement membranes contained nodules of electron-lucent material which impinged on degenerating smooth muscle cells, pericytes and astrocytes. In some sites these cells appeared to be replaced by an amorphous material laced with collagen fibrils. By 11 months, these focal lesions were more frequent and more pronounced. Additional cellular replacement had taken place which resulted in greatly widened basement membranes which varied in density and content. The ultrastructure of endothelial cells was not noticeably altered except for presence of numerous cytoplasmic vesicles. The tight interendothelial junctions appeared to be intact even though dramatic changes had taken place perivascularly. These architectural and functional changes in the microvasculature are suggested to result not only from metabolic defects in the vascular wall, but also as a response to a relative hypoxia of the brain during the diabetic state. PMID- 6546145 TI - Histamine-induced fluid efflux in the canine forelimb as affected by carotid occlusion or hemorrhage. AB - Infusion of catecholamines concurrently with histamine into the forelimb of the dog prevents histamine-induced increases in lymph flow, protein concentration and forelimb weight. This study tested whether the sympathoadrenal discharge of catecholamines induced by carotid occlusion or hemorrhage would similarly prevent histamine's actions in the canine forelimb. Carotid occlusion or hemorrhage, begun after 30 minutes of histamine infusion (4 micrograms base/min), resulted in a reduction in lymph flow but lymph protein concentration was not changed. Infusion of histamine into the forelimb for 30 minutes in control studies caused the forelimb to gain weight. In experimental studies hemorrhage, begun at one minute after the start of histamine significantly reduced this weight gain but occlusion of the carotid arteries at one minute after the start of histamine did not significantly affect weight gain. These results show that sympathetic nerve activity can lower elevated lymph flow and that sympathetic activity due to hemorrhage reduces the accumulation of interstitial fluid caused by histamine. It seems probable that endogenous catecholamines act directly on filtering vessels to lessen histamine-induced increases in permeability. However, a constriction of lymphatic vessels could have contributed to the reduction in lymph flow and we have no evidence against this possibility. PMID- 6546146 TI - Histamine and protein transport in canine muscle. AB - The effect of intraarterial histamine infusion on transcapillary protein transport was determined in the constant flow pump-perfused isolated gracilis muscle of the dog. Muscle vascular resistance (MVR), the rate of net transcapillary protein transport (Js), net transcapillary fluid transport (Jv), changes in protein-free transcapillary fluid movement (delta Jo) and rubidium extraction (ERb) were calculated following four experimental manipulations. First, as a control, venous pressure was elevated by 20 mmHg; next, histamine was infused intraarterially; then venous pressure was elevated by 20 mmHg during histamine infusion; and finally, the recovery of the tissue from histamine infusion was determined. Although elevation of venous pressure produced no change in MVR, it significantly increased Js, Jv and delta Jo. Histamine infusion caused a significant decline in MVR, and increases in Js and in Jv. delta Jo did not change significantly. When venous pressure elevation was superimposed upon histamine infusion, MVR did not change; Js, Jv, and delta Jo increased but only by increments similar to venous pressure elevation alone. None of the manipulations altered Rb extraction. At the constant flow used in this study, histamine does not appear to increase either capillary hydrostatic pressure or capillary surface area, so that the small intestine in Js was probably due to a slight increase in capillary permeability. PMID- 6546147 TI - The effects of isouramil on erythrocyte mechanics: implications for favism. AB - Isouramil is one of the two aglycones derived from broad beans (Vicia faba) with the capacity to autoxidize and generate hydrogen peroxide. During its incubation with erythrocytes in vitro, it causes a marked decrease in cellular deformability at low shear forces, as measured by cone plate viscometry. At the same time the membrane shear modulus of elasticity, as determined by the dimensions of pressure induced pseudopods (PIPs), is increased. These experiments suggest that alterations in the mechanical properties of erythrocyte membranes may be the basis for changes in cellular deformability and hence, erythrocyte sequestration in G-6PD deficient cells exposed to peroxide-generating agents, such as isouramil. PMID- 6546148 TI - Pulmonary vascular and hemodynamic effects of prostaglandin E1 in unanesthetized sheep. AB - We prepared fully instrumented sheep with chronic lung lymph fistulas and measured lung lymph and hemodynamic responses to intravenous infusions of prostaglandin (PG) E1. PGE1 decreased lung lymph flow from 8.0 +/- 0.8 S.E.M. ml/h during baseline to 6.5 +/- 0.7 ml/h (p less than 0.05) and 5.4 +/- 0.8 ml/h (p less than 0.05) at 50 and 250 micrograms/min, respectively. Lymph to plasma protein concentration ratio (L/P) did not change during PGE1 infusion and increased after PGE1 was stopped. Systemic and pulmonary vascular pressures decreased without producing reflex tachycardia. PGE1 consistently caused hypoxemia and hemoconcentration. Multiple indicator dilution studies showed consistent decreases in the 14C-urea permeability surface area product (PS urea) during PGE1 infusion. To distinguish effects of PGE1 on perfused lung vascular surface area from effects on vascular permeability, we mechanically increased lung vascular pressures, achieved a steady state lung lymph response, and infused PGE1 (50 micrograms/min) while maintaining constant left atrial pressure. PGE1 decreased lung lymph flow from 14.1 +/- 2.0 ml/h to 10.0 +/- 1.8 ml/h (p less than 0.05). Systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures fell. Cardiac output did not change and heart rate decreased. L/P increased significantly, indicating that the decrease in lymph flow could be attributed to decreased lung microvascular pressure without obligate change in microvascular permeability. During increased lung vascular permeability caused by E. coli endotoxin, PGE1 (250 micrograms/min) decreased lung lymph flow, and systemic and pulmonary vascular pressures fell. Although PGE1 decreased lymph protein clearance, L/P did not change. Decreased lymph flow with PGE1 could be attributed to decreased lung vascular pressure, decreased exchanging vessel surface area, or both. PMID- 6546149 TI - Angiogenesis in vivo and selective mobilization of capillary endothelium in vitro by heparin-copper complex. AB - The objective of this work was to contribute to the interpretation of the mechanisms of capillary formation in the adult tissues. We have observed that the heparin-copper complex is angiogenic in vivo and stimulates migration of capillary endothelium in vitro. This effect is specific for capillary endothelium since aortic endothelium or fibroblasts from the rabbit cornea or human skin were unresponsive. PMID- 6546150 TI - Reperfusion of the ischemic canine myocardium: effect on vascular exchange and resistance. AB - In order to see if changes in hemodynamic resistance following reperfusion of ischemic myocardium could be related to alterations in microvascular exchange, we measured resistance (R), permeability surface-area for sucrose (PS), and distribution volumes for tritiated water (V) and for sucrose (VS) in nine anesthetized dogs in which blood to the left anterior descending coronary artery was supplied via a shunt from the carotid artery. Measurements were made during four periods: baseline, reduced coronary artery flow, reperfusion, and a second period of reduced flow. Increase in resistance following reperfusion (R2 = 1.8 +/ 3, R4 = 2.5 +/- .5 mmHg/min/ml, mean +/- s.e.m.) was significantly greater than in nine control dogs in which reperfusion was omitted. Also, the series of interventions including reperfusion lowered PS and V (PS4/PS1 = .54 +/- .07, V4/V1 = .58 +/- .08). Our results suggest that increases in resistance due to reperfusion may be accompanied by a loss in functioning capillary surface area. PMID- 6546151 TI - The effects of intermittent and continuous stimulation of microvessels in the cheek pouch of hamsters with histamine and bradykinin on the development of venular leaky sites. AB - Continuous and intermittent stimulation of the hamster cheek pouch with either histamine or bradykinin was studied to evaluate microvascular permeability. Microscopy was accomplished by placing a chamber in the cheek pouch, suffusing the membrane with Ringer's bicarbonate (pH 7.4, 35 degrees C) and observing the microvessels with a Zeiss epistage microscope. Using FITC-dextran (MW 70,000) as the intravascular tracer, the number of leaky sites per cm2 tissue was quantitated before, during and after exposure to histamine (10(-5) M) or bradykinin (10(-7) M). Continuous superfusion with histamine or bradykinin for 60 90 minutes produced an increase in leaky sites which returned toward control during the superfusion. Intermittent stimulation with either histamine or bradykinin produced a maximal response which was not reduced by subsequent 30 minute pulses; whereas reducing the stimulus interval to 15 minutes led to a reduction in leaky sites on subsequent applications. After termination of continuous stimulation with either agent, the application of the other agent produced a response which was similar to the original. There was a minor reduction of responsiveness to intermittent applications of either histamine or bradykinin when the stimulus interval was greater than 15 minutes. These results support the concept of a receptor-mediated modulation of venular leaky sites. PMID- 6546152 TI - Comparative reactivity of hamster cheek pouch microvessels to arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine the relative sensitivity of hamster cheek pouch vessels to arginine vasopressin (AVP) and angiotensin II (AII). Hamsters were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (6 mg/100 g, ip), a plastic chamber inserted into the cheek pouch and the membrane exposed. The membrane was suffused continuously with bicarbonate-buffered Ringer's solution at 36 degrees C while constantly monitoring blood pressure. After stabilization (30 min) of the membrane, arterioles (30-80 microM diam) were selected for application of AVP or AII in a random fashion. The peptides were applied to the vessels through a micropipette (10-15 mM tip diam) over two minutes using a pump. Total volume delivered was always 20 microliters irrespective of the total amount of peptide (10(0)-10(-4) ng) applied. Vessel diameter was monitored continuously with a shearing device before, during and after the administration of the peptide. The following results were obtained tachyphylaxis was noted to AII but to AVP; the dose response curve for AVP was shifted to the left of that for AII with the threshold dose for AII one hundred times more than that of AVP and AVP had little effect on venules whereas AII produced venoconstriction. These results indicate that AVP is a more potent vasoconstrictor than AII, whereas AII is a more potent venoconstrictor. PMID- 6546153 TI - Effects of histamine-receptor agonists on transvascular fluid and macromolecular efflux in the canine forelimb. AB - Histamine increases transvascular fluid and protein efflux in the canine forelimb resulting in edema formation. To clarify the receptor mechanisms of histamine edema, we infused H1 and H2-receptor agonists into the forelimb perfused at constant flow while measuring skin lymph parameters or forelimb weight. The H1 receptor agonist 2(2-pyridyl) ethylamine [PEA] or the H2-receptor agonist 4 methyl histamine (8-40 micrograms/min) singly or in combination fails to increase lymph flow, protein concentration or protein transport. PEA in a dose of 80-400 micrograms/min increases lymph flow, protein concentration and protein transport. 4-Methyl histamine in a dose of 40-200 micrograms/min produces a small but significant decrease in lymph flow and protein transport subsequent to a fall in systemic pressure. 4-Methyl histamine at 40 and 80 micrograms/min produces a progressive and sustained increase in forelimb weight PEA at 40 micrograms/min produces a small increase in forelimb weight which quickly plateaus much like the response seen with acetylcholine (10 micrograms base/min). However, infusion of PEA at 80 micrograms/min progressively increases forelimb weight, similar to that seen with 4-methyl histamine or histamine (1.4 microgram base/min). These data indicate that either H1 or H2-receptor agonists can cause edema formation in the canine forelimb, and imply that histamine edema involves both H1 and H2-receptor interaction. PMID- 6546154 TI - Intratumor distribution of capillary permeability surface area product (PS) correlated to tumor vascular space and blood flow. AB - The intratumor distribution of the capillary permeability surface area product (PS) correlated to the intratumor distribution of vascular space and of blood flow was studied by labeled albumin in a transplantable rat fibrosarcoma. A wide heterogeneity in intratumor distribution of PS was found. The tumor PS values were not significantly correlated to tumor vascular space or to blood flow values. This might suggest that intravascularly administered drugs could reach a comparative high intratissue concentration also in less vascularized tumor areas. PMID- 6546156 TI - Leg arteritis exploration by quantitative muscle scintigraphy with 201Tl. AB - Detection and localization of peripheral arterial disease was evaluated by an intravenous injection of 201Tl at peak exercise in 18 subjects and at rest in 6 patients. Images of the skull (S), thighs (T), knees (K), calves (C) and feet (F) were obtained at rest or after exercise and stored in a computer. Intraleg (T/K, T/C, T/F), and left to right interleg (TL/TR,...) count ratios were calculated. In addition, all patients were submitted to routine functional tests (walk perimeter, serial local arterial blood pressure measurement, Strandness test, venous occlusion plethysmography). Correlations between functional tests and the intra and interleg ratios were calculated. After exercise, there is a medium correlation between the tissular blood flow under hyperemia at the calf level and the T/C and C/K ratios. At the calf level a good correlation is obtained for CL/CR and the flux under hyperemia (r = 0.81, P 0.001). A ratio between the counting rates of limb segments after exercise and those of skull was established. The ratios T/S and C/S compared with the systolic pressure index of the most affected limb after a Strandness test give a correlation of 0.72 (P 0.02) for the thigh and of 0.86 (P 0.001) for the calf. For hyperemic flux, the correlation are 0.58 (P 0.005) with T/S and 0.75 (P 0.001) with C/S. In order to find the best quantitative scintigraphic index of the arterial illness, we compared the different ratio values with the distance walked. For T/S we found a relationship very close to a linear one and for C/S a less significant exponential one. Thus, quantitative scintigraphy using 201Tl appears as an accurate method to measure local muscular perfusion deficit in the cases of lower limb arterial disease. PMID- 6546155 TI - O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside (Venoruton) fails to block histamine or bradykinin induced edema formation in the canine forelimb perfused at constant arterial inflow. AB - O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutoside (Venoruton) has been reported to alleviate edema formation in chronic venous insufficiency. In an attempt to elucidate Venoruton's potential as an antiinflammatory agent, we infused Venoruton (20 mg/minute) intraarterially into the canine forelimb perfused at constant flow during the simultaneous intraarterial infusion of histamine (4 micrograms base/minute) or bradykinin (2 micrograms/minute). The infusion of Venoruton alone for forty minutes resulted in a small but significant increase in forelimb arterial pressures but no change in systemic pressure or forelimb skin lymph flow, protein concentration or protein transport. Subsequent infusion of either histamine or bradykinin resulted in a significant decrease in forelimb arterial pressures and a marked increase in skin lymph flow, lymph total protein concentration and lymph total protein transport. The changes in forelimb vascular pressures and skin lymph parameters were similar to those seen during the infusion of either histamine or bradykinin alone. These data indicate that the intraarterial infusion of Venoruton at this dosage does not inhibit the ability of simultaneously infused histamine or bradykinin to increase transvascular fluid and macromolecular efflux in the canine forelimb perfused at constant arterial inflow. PMID- 6546157 TI - The blood supply of experimental liver metastases. VII. Further studies on increased tumor vascularity caused by epinephrine. AB - The effects of epinephrine on the vascularity of tumors within the liver of rats were studied by simultaneous injection of Microfil into the arterial and portal systems. A marked increase in perfusion of capillary-sized vessels within the central portions of the tumor was observed in both induced hepatomas and implanted Walker carcinosarcoma tumors. In studies with implanted tumors, the effect of epinephrine on enhancing vascularity internally was eliminated by the alpha adrenergic block agent phenoxybenzamine, but was not affected by the beta adrenergic blocking agent propranolol. PMID- 6546158 TI - Factors regulating the exchange of nutrients and drugs between lymph and blood in the small intestine. AB - An experimental design was developed to study the factors regulating the absorption of nutrients and drugs into the intestinal lymphatic system in normal and cirrhotic rats. Test compounds given via in situ jejunal luminal perfusion or systemic intravenous infusion were measured simultaneously in intestinal lymph, portal venous plasma and intestinal perfusate. Steady-state lymph plasma concentration ratios were used to compare the permeability characteristics of the intestinal mucosal-lymph and blood-lymph barriers. The absorption of compounds from the interstitial space into the intestinal lymphatic system is determined primarily by their permeability through the capillary of the portal circulation and by their lipid solubility; if a compound is too large to be absorbed into the portal circulation it is absorbed into the intestinal lymphatics. PMID- 6546159 TI - Comparison between fluorescein angiography and fluorescein microscopy. AB - Fluorescein angiography (FA), which implies that the tissue is reproduced in natural size, and fluorescence microscopy was compared in anesthetized normovolemic and hypovolemic rats in order to define the microscopic background to the fluorescence pattern obtained by FA. It was found that the fluorescence detected by FA by the use of sodium fluorescein as an indicator substance was emitted from the interstitial and intracellular compartments, including the intranuclear. Microscopy showed that sodium fluorescein was located extravascularly in the small intestine within 4 seconds after an intravenous injection. There was a 4 second interval between corresponding microscopic and macroscopic fluorescence pattern. PMID- 6546160 TI - Comparison of resting capillary flow dynamics in the finger and toe nailfolds. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare capillary dynamics in the nailfold regions of the human toes and fingers. Capillary blood flow velocity (VEL), vessel diameter, the total number of capillaries and the number of capillaries with active flow per mm2 of tissue were measured in the toe nailfold region of 17 and in the finger nailfolds of 15 male subjects 20 to 40 years of age. All measurements were made in the rest state at a skin temperature of 32 degrees C. Group averages were: (Formula: see text). These results demonstrate that compared to the finger the nailfold capillaries in the toe have a lower blood flow per vessel but a much higher capillary density. The combination of these factors indicates that total capillary blood flow is higher in the toe nailfold system. PMID- 6546161 TI - Forelimb vascular pressures, skin lymph flow and lymph protein concentration as affected by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and bombesin. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and bombesin are peptides that have been identified in several mammalian tissues including skin. In this study, we have examined the actions of these peptides on forelimb vascular pressures, skin lymph flow, lymph total protein concentration and lymph total protein transport in the canine forelimb perfused at constant arterial inflow. Local intraarterial infusion of sequentially increasing infusion rates of VIP of 300, 600, and 1500 ng/min for twenty minutes at each infusion rate resulted in dose-dependent decreases in forelimb arterial pressures but no change in skin small vein pressure. At the two higher infusion rates, systemic pressure was significantly decreased whereas heart rate significantly increased. Skin lymph parameters were not a significantly altered with the exception of a small but significant decrease in lymph flow at the highest infusion rate of VIP. Infusion of bombesin at 500 ng/min for sixty minutes resulted in significant increases in forelimb arterial and systemic pressures, no change in skin small vein pressure and a significant bradycardia. Skin lymph flow, protein concentration and protein transport were not significantly changed during the infusion of bombesin. These data indicate that while VIP and bombesin possess potent vasodilator and vasoconstrictor effects respectively, they do not significantly affect transmicrovascular fluid and macromolecular efflux in the canine forelimb perfused at constant flow, as assessed by changes in lymph flow and protein concentration. PMID- 6546162 TI - Dynamics of water and protein transport through and around the canine medial iliac lymph nodes. AB - Although isolated popliteal node perfusion studies have shown intranodal exchange of water between blood and lymph, questions remain about the significance of such studies. Do some nodes exchange protein with blood, and are there shunt pathways around nodes which tend to buffer intranodal exchange of water? Finally, what is the magnitude of difference in using postnodal lymph to compute tissue capillary membrane parameters of reflection coefficient, sigma, and permeability-surface area product, PS? Seventeen conditioned dogs were randomly divided into matched experimental (N = 8) and sham (N = 9) groups in which lumbar trunk lymph was measured for flow (JV) and lymph/plasma protein concentration ratios (R) before and after ligation or sham ligation of the medial iliac lymph node (MILN). Ligation reduced (JV) from 25.89 +/- 4.21 SEM microliter . min-1 . kg-1 to 20.45 +/- 1.84 (P less than .008), decreased R from .66 +/- .04 to .55 +/- .02 (P less than .0000), increased sigma from .42 +/- .04 to .55 +/- .04 (P less than .004), and did not change PS which was 11.45 +/- 2.13 before and 14.43 +/- 4.19 after ligation. No similar changes occurred in the sham group. Of four hypotheses tested, the data were compatible only with post ligation flow equal to the sum of tissue lymph production and efferent flow from upstream nodes. Protein moved from blood into the nodal lymph nearly with the ease of water. Reflection coefficient was 23% higher at the afferent level than in the post nodal lymph, but PS was unaffected by the MILN. Differences in using post nodal sigma and PS to compute tissue fluid levels of protein are about 10% at these flow, and shunt flow is as high as 79% of lumbar trunk flow. Conclusions based upon sigma and PS differences across the node must be tempered because of the possibility of the trend toward lymph-blood equilibration of afferent lymph if it passed through several upstream nodes. PMID- 6546163 TI - Krabbe's disease: clinical presentation of neurological variants. AB - Neurological variants in clinical presentation of Krabbe's disease, the infantile and the late-onset (late infantile-juvenile) types are reviewed. The nosology of the infantile type is discussed on the basis of experiences from eighty Swedish cases in 1953-82 and a penetration of the literature. The classical irritative hypertonic presentation with onset at three to five months of age is concluded to be the very predominant one (greater than 90%). Neonatal failure-to-thrive, infantile spasms, hemiplegic and prolonged floppy infant presentations are much more rare variants. The latter is believed to constitute a nosologic entity of its own, possibly more connected to the heterogeneous late-onset type (greater than or equal to eighteen months at onset), not observed in Sweden so far. Twenty four late-onset cases from the literature and one personal Norwegian case are surveyed. It is concluded that the classical infantile type and the late-onset type (types) are different disease entities. PMID- 6546164 TI - Function of myelin in the normal nerve fibre. PMID- 6546165 TI - A correlative synopsis of the leukodystrophies. AB - Leukodystrophies are disorders affecting primarily oligodendroglial cells or myelin. Another necessary criteria for defining a leukodystrophy is that the disorder has to be of endogenous origin with a pattern compatible with genetic transfer of a metabolic defect. The clinical criterion of a steadily progressive deterioration of function must also be included. Much of the material presented during the conference related to three leukodystrophies from which subclasses with a relatively uniform clinical presentation can be distinguished and about which a considerable body of consistent biochemical information is available. These disorders are metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), globoid leukodystrophy (GLD, also referred to as Krabbe's disease) and adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD). Discussion was focused to the pathophysiology of the more prevalent "classical" subclass of each of these disorders; discussion of clinical variants was in the context of what we could learn about the more prevalent form. Finally, because of time restraints, most of the discussion on the final day was centered around MLD. This clinical disorder was used as a starting point for discussion of questions both specific to MLD as well as those questions common to all leukodystrophies. The discussion of GLD and ALD was more restricted and only points relevant to those specific leukodystrophies were discussed. Information from the presentation not dealing directly with these human disorders is also summarized. PMID- 6546166 TI - [Statistical research and epidemiology in oncology]. AB - The author indicates briefly the results from the statistical and epidemiological studies of cancer in Spain. Between 1903 and 1978 cancer mortality passed from 39.00 per 100.000 to 152.4 per 100.000, and sex distribution from 43% men and 56% women to 57% men and 42% women. Cancer represented 1.52% of the total mortality in 1903 and 18.95% in 1978. The largest incidence of cancer diseases is observed for ages between 45 and 75 years in men, with a maximum at 60, and between 40 and 71 years in women, with a maximum at 55. In all Spanish regions the most frequent mortal localizations are lung cancer among men and mammary cancer among women. The second place corresponds to stomach cancer in both sexes. Other important causes of death are the tumors of the prostate, liver, urinary bladder, larynx, colon and rectum, hematopoietic system, and esophagus in man, and the neoplasms of liver, lung, body of the uterus, colon and rectum, hematopoietic system and gallbladder and bile ducts in women. It is surprising the high frequency of primitive liver cancer in some regions, reaching an incidence of 4.39% in Tarragona and 6.07% in Zaragoza. PMID- 6546167 TI - [Visualization of specific leukocyte granules using morin and other fluorochromes]. AB - The visualization of the specific granulation of leukocytes is useful in hematology to identify de cell type in leukemic diseases. The authors employed the acidic fluorochrome morin after testing its high affinity for the fluorescent reaction with morin in human and chicken peripheral blood smears, and in streak smears from rabbit spleen. The best results were obtained with a solution prepared either with 0.10 mg morin per ml of 50 per 100 ethanol, or with a saturated solution of morin in distilled water diluted to one fourth in 25 per 100 ethanol. When observed under blue-violet excited light (436 nm) the acidophilic granules of leukocytes produce a bright yellow fluorescence, while the cell nuclei show a faint greenish fluorescence. As for the mechanism of the reaction, it consists possibly in an interaction between morin and the basic components of the granules. Other acidic fluorochromes, as primulin and hematoxylin, produce similar fluorescent reactions with the acidophilic granules. PMID- 6546168 TI - [Chronotherapy of breast cancer induced by N-nitrosomethylurea in the rat. I. Effect of a high dose of cyclophosphamide administered at 8:00 and 14:00 hours]. AB - The administration of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) intraperitoneally produces a high mortality in Wistar rats bearing mammary tumors induced by N methylnitrosourea. The effect is more marked when the drug is administered at 8:00 A.M. than when given at 2:00 P.M. The injection of cyclophosphamide at 2:00 P.M. slowers the tumor growth, the effect being significative after two weeks compared with the control animals, and after four weeks when compared with the animals receiving the drug at 8:00 A.M. PMID- 6546169 TI - [Importance of the tissue polypeptide antigen level in neoplastic patients. Its correlation with other tumor markers]. AB - In order to know the behavior of the tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) as a tumor marker, the authors determine its amount in serum by means of radioimmunoassay (TPA Prolifigen RIA) in 441 patients having respiratory, digestive, urogenital, hematopoietic, mammary and other malignant tumors. The obtained results indicate that: TPA has no tumor specificity; however it increases in tumors without any other known tumor marker. TPA has no diagnostic value, but it is useful for the following up of digestive, mammary, respiratory, ovarian and testicular cancer; amounts of TPA comprised between 90 and 120 U/l are not specific and have no clinical significance; and it is very useful the simultaneous determination of CEA and TPA in the respiratory, digestive and mammary malignant neoplasms to help the clinical data in the evaluation of tumor mass (CEA) and tumor activity (TPA) without indication of tumor localization. PMID- 6546170 TI - [Creatine phosphotransferase, B subunit, as a tumor marker. Preliminary results]. AB - Creatine kinase B (CK-B) was evaluated as a tumor marker by radioimmunoassay determination of the isoenzyme in 518 persons (control group, malignant tumors, and several other diseases). Amounts higher than 8 ng/ml (upper normal limit) was observed in 12.6 per 100 of the digestive tumors, 6.1 per 100 of the mammary tumors, 37.7 per 100 of the respiratory tumors, and 22.2 per 100 of the prostatic tumors. A relation exists between CK-B and sigmoid flexure, liver, pancreas and esophagus tumors, between CK-B and acid phosphatase in prostate tumors, and between CK-B and evolution of digestive tumor. The determination of CK-B is useful in the case of tumors lacking known tumor markers, and also as a complementary sign in the diagnosis and evolution of sigmoid flexure and prostate neoplasms. PMID- 6546171 TI - [Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in non-neoplastic diseases]. AB - Radioimmunoassay (TPA Prolifigen RIA) was used to determine the serum concentration of TPA in 333 patients with different kinds of non-tumoral diseases. Amounts higher than 90 U/l, that was taken as the upper normal limit, were observed in 40 per 100 of the cases, being higher than 200 U/l in 10 per 100. The frequency of abnormal amounts of TPA in non-tumoral diseases obliges to eliminate them before making a diagnosis of cancer. PMID- 6546172 TI - Cytochemical study on the glycogen content in neutrophils from peripheral blood of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. AB - The neutrophil glycogen content, as revealed by cytochemical staining, was determined in 22 patients with gastric cancer, 8 patients with cancer of large intestine and 40 healthy subjects. A statistically significant increase of the glycogen content in neutrophils obtained from patients with initial cancer stages as compared with healthy individuals and patients with advanced tumors was observed. The possible mechanism of these changes is discussed. PMID- 6546173 TI - The neutrophil and lymphocyte nonspecific esterase in patients with malignancies. AB - In 52 patients with malignancies such as lung cancer, carcinoma of the stomach, and cancer of the colon (25, 18, and 9 cases, respectively) activity and intracellular localization of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase has been evaluated by means of semiquantitative cytochemical method. Patients with advanced metastatic process occurring during clinical evolution of those malignancies showed decreased activity of above enzyme within the peripheral blood neutrophils and decreased numbers of enzyme-positive lymphocytes having intact enzyme positive lysosomal granules. The authors discuss the significance of that observation in relation to the enzymatic alterations of cells during antitumor response of immune system. PMID- 6546174 TI - [A hospital cancer registry. Breast cancer, 1977]. AB - The clinical histories of the patients studied in the National Institute of Oncology in 1977 were reviewed in relation to breast cancer in women, that was found in 52.5% of them. 50% were comprised between 40 and 60 years of age, 68.3% were diagnosed within the first year after the presentation of clinical symptoms. 30.6% of the patients had a localized tumor, while all the others showed regional lymph node involvement and/or distant metastases. Malignancy was confirmed histologically in 90 per 100 of the cases; 41.5% were carcinomas, 27.9% corresponding to the infiltrating duct carcinoma type. Therapy could be applied to 80% of the patients with a curative purpose, while in 20% was only palliative. Including those women with previous treatments in other medical centers before coming to the National Institute of Oncology, the treatment applied was surgery in 90%, radiotherapy in 60% and chemotherapy in 20% of the cases. Five-year survival was 43% (28% clinically free of disease, and 15% with symptoms of disease). PMID- 6546175 TI - [Programs for the detection of gynecologic cancer]. AB - The author reviews the problem of the early detection of breast cancer in women. He tells about the etiopathogenic complex, and the risk factors in relation to breast cancer, and indicates the protocol followed for breast cancer early detection. The usefulness of the employed method is supported by the obtained results after studying 69,635 women, and makes an economical evaluation of the cancer detection campaigns. PMID- 6546176 TI - [Myocardial infarction after mediastinal radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease]. AB - A 30 years old man having Hodgkin's disease was treated successfully by means of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Two years after treatment he developed a myocardial infarction that was ascribed to the atherosclerosis-inducing effects of radiations. PMID- 6546177 TI - [Incidence of neoplasms in non-congenital refractory anemias. Ferrokinetic pattern]. AB - Twenty cases of refractory anemia were studied by means of ferrokinetic analysis with Fe-59. An accelerated plasma clearing, a diminished iron uptake by red cells, and a decreased bone marrow activity were found. Half of the cases showed secondary liver and spleen hemochromatosis. The incidence of malignant tumors observed in the studied refractory anemias was 35% (7 out of 20 cases, corresponding to 4 solid tumors and 3 leukemias). The authors suggest the convenience to study erythropoiesis in anemias with an obscure origin using the ferrokinetic procedure with Fe-59. PMID- 6546178 TI - [New surgical technic for the reconstruction of partial lip defects following tumor resection: the lip hatch flap]. AB - This work describes a new surgical procedure to repair the lip defects produced after malignant tumors ablation, consisting in the orbicularis oris muscle flap and its use for a VY plastic. PMID- 6546179 TI - [Fractionation protocols in radiotherapy]. AB - Several investigations carried out recently have shown that cancer radiotherapy obtains better results in some tumors when multiple daily fractionation is employed. The authors review the different kinds of dose fractionation and the obtained results. PMID- 6546180 TI - [Dose-time relation in external radiotherapy]. PMID- 6546181 TI - [15 years' cancer research at the Department of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry]. AB - This work makes a brief summary of the scientific research carried out during the last fifteen years (1968-1982) in the Department of Biology and Biochemistry of Cancer (AISN, Department of Health and Consumption), identified with the Coordinated Center of Oncological Biochemistry of the CSIC (Department of Education and Science), with the valuable help of the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) the first five years 1968-1972), and of the Scientific Foundation of the AECC the following ten years (1973-1982). A brief mention of the research work carried out between 1945 and 1967 is made before referring to the work done between 1968-1982. The researchers of the Department have done important studies in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, virology and immunology of cancer. They described for the first time the existence of immunological processes in ontogenic evolution and cell differentiation; the transfection with DNA from several kinds of tumors, including a mouse sarcoma induced by 20 methylcholanthrene (now 3-methylcholanthrene) and a human lung carcinoma; the evolution of the humoral immunological response in SWR and AKR mice along the whole life; the isolation of a polytumoral DNA virus; the carcinogenic activity of viral DNA; the establishment of a virus-transformed cell line "in vitro", the incorporation of the viral genome to the cell genome; the reverse transcription; the antiblastogram, an "in vitro" predictive assay of anti-cancer chemotherapy agents; and the isolation of tumor-specific and tumor-associated antigens. PMID- 6546182 TI - Measurement of extravascular lung water in sheep during colloid and crystalloid resuscitation from smoke inhalation. AB - The pathophysiology of pulmonary inhalation injury, a major cause of morbidity and mortality from fires, is poorly understood. To examine the effects of colloid and crystalloid resuscitation on extravascular lung water (EVLW) during a standard smoke inhalation injury, we subjected 12 sheep to 8 minutes of cool pine smoke inhalation. The animals were then resuscitated to a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of 10 +/- 1.5 mm Hg with either lactated Ringer's solution or plasma protein derivative. EVLW, cardiac output, vascular resistance, colloid oncotic pressure (COP), arterial and pulmonary artery pressures, PCWP, and blood gases were monitored during 4 hours of resuscitation. In colloid-treated animals, EVLW increased from 8.3 +/- 1.2 to 11.1 +/- 0.9 ml/kg with injury; it increased only to 12.5 +/- 1.3 ml/kg during resuscitation. In crystalloid-treated animals, EVLW increased from 8.0 +/- 1.0 to 10.3 +/- 0.8 ml/kg with injury and further increased to 17.4 +/- 1.6 ml/kg during resuscitation, a level significantly higher than that in the colloid group (P less than 0.05). The increases in EVLW were associated with progressive hypoxia, which was worse in the crystalloid group. In the crystalloid group, COP decreased from 27.3 +/- 0.9 to 14.2 +/- 0.4 mm Hg and intravascular driving force (COP-PCWP) dropped from 17.6 to 3.26 +/- 1.5 mm Hg; COP and COP-PCWP were maintained in the colloid group. These data demonstrate that supporting serum COP minimizes the increase in EVLW with smoke inhalation injury and suggests that smoke inhalation does not lead to a dramatic increase in alveolar capillary membrane permeability to protein. PMID- 6546183 TI - External cardiopulmonary resuscitation augmented by the military antishock trousers. AB - The external pressure suit (MAST) is beneficial in hypovolemic shock by preventing lower extremity venous pooling. Previous data from this laboratory demonstrated that internal cardiac massage is significantly improved when combined with MAST. This study was designed to see if external massage (EM) could be similarly augmented by this device. Twenty anesthetized pigs underwent left thoracotomy and placement of a left atrial catheter for pressure determination and microsphere injection. A flow probe was placed around the aorta for measurement of cardiac output, axillary artery catheters were placed for blood pressure determination and microsphere sampling, and central venous pressure was monitored. Hemodynamic collection of microsphere injections was performed during resting conditions, during EM alone after electrically induced ventricular fibrillation, and during EM after inflation of the MAST suit. Significant increases in mean arterial pressure, systolic arterial pressure, and diastolic pressure were noted with EM and MAST suit inflation over EM alone. Left atrial pressure doubled during EM and MAST suit inflation. Cardiac output was not augmented by the inflation of the MAST. Myocardial blood flow and brain blood flow increased during EM and MAST, but renal blood flow decreased. These data suggest that unlike internal massage, cardiac output during EM and MAST is not improved by increased venous return and flow during EM may be due to a different mechanism than direct cardiac compression. PMID- 6546184 TI - Blunt trauma to the thoracic outlet and angiography. AB - When major injuries occur to the thoracic outlet, common practice is to obtain an arteriogram without other clinical evidence of vascular injury, because of the purported high association of thoracic outlet trauma and vascular injuries, including ruptured aortae. In order to evaluate this association, a review was undertaken of all patients admitted to a major hospital over 5.5 years who underwent angiography or other evaluative measures as a result of their thoracic outlet trauma. There were no great vessel or aortic injuries without overt clinical criteria. Angiography for aortic and great vessel injury is unnecessary unless there is a widened mediastinum or other overt clinical indications of vascular injury. Judicious use or avoidance of angiography is therefore encouraged for multiple reasons. PMID- 6546185 TI - The effects of hydrogen-ion concentration on the respiratory efficiency of human liver mitochondria. AB - To examine the effects of hydrogen ion concentrations on the coupled respirations of isolated human liver mitochondria, eight patients underwent incidental liver biopsies during the conduct of abdominal surgery. Mitochondria were studied by the polarographic technique at pH of 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0. Results indicated severe inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-linked substrates but succinate oxidations were minimally affected. Sodium succinate was then studied as a possible substrate in the resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. Rats were subjected to bleeding to an arterial blood pressure of 50 mm Hg for 3 hours or until 25 per cent of shed blood had to be reinfused to maintain blood pressure. Resuscitation consisted of reinfusion of all shed blood plus a volume of one of four crystalloid regimens: Ringers lactate; isotonic sodium succinate; hypertonic sodium chloride (190 mEq/l): or twice-normal, hypertonic sodium chloride (308 mEq/l). Results indicated that those rats resuscitated with sodium succinate did poorer than animals receiving alternate regimens. The failure of succinate to diffuse across the plasma membrane may explain these data. Additional studies with succinate or a chemical analogue seem warranted. PMID- 6546186 TI - Treatment of frostbite with intra-arterial prostaglandin E1. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a vasodilator that inhibits platelet aggregation. Its use has been effective intra-arterially in treating ischemic peripheral vascular disease. Its potentially beneficial effect in treating frostbite injuries has not been studied and prompted this investigation. A standard frostbite injury was induced by immersing the hindlimbs of New Zealand white rabbits in an ethylene glycol bath maintained at -15 C. Forty animals were separated into eight equal groups (N = 5). Groups I through V were allowed to slowly rewarm at room temperature (21-22 C), while Groups VI through VIII underwent rapid rewarming in a water bath at 42 +/- 1 C. Groups I and VI received no further treatment. Groups II and VII received intra-arterial bolus injections of saline. Group III received intra-arterial bolus injections of reserpine (2.5 X 10(-3) mg/kg-1). Group IV received intra-arterial bolus injections of PGE1 (10(-1) micrograms/kg-1). Groups V and VIII received 3-hour intra-arterial infusions of PGE1 (10(-1) micrograms/kg 1 min-1). Tissue loss was graded numerically after 30 days. Group V (slow rewarming plus 3-hour PGE1 infusion) had significantly (P less than 0.5) less tissue loss than Group I (slow rewarming alone) and Group II (slow rewarming plus saline). Group V was not significantly different from Groups VI through VIII (rapid rewarming). Group III (slow rewarming plus bolus reserpine) and Group IV (slow rewarming plus bolus PGE1) were not significantly different from Group I (slow rewarming alone). The data suggest a clinical application for the use of PGE1 in frostbite patients who have not undergone rapid rewarming. PMID- 6546187 TI - Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism revisited. AB - From 1957 through 1981, 550 cervical explorations for presumed primary hyperparathyroidism were performed in 536 patients at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital. Fifty-one of those patients who did not have persistent hypercalcemia are the basis of this report. Twenty-six patients with hypercalciuria and normal renal function had recurrent passage of calcium-containing renal stones, but never had documented hypercalcemia. Only five patients (19%) had positive findings at exploration: small, hyperplastic glands (n = 3); small adenomas (n = 2). Seventeen of the 23 patients for whom follow-up data were available continued to form and pass renal stones postoperatively, including three of the five patients with "pathologic" glands (follow-up range: 4 months to 21.3 years; mean- 7 years, 9 months). Twenty-five patients (also with normal renal function) had chronic calcium nephrolithiasis, hypercalciuria, and isolated or occasional elevations of serum calcium ranging from 10.6 to 10.9 mg/dl. Thirteen of these patients had abnormal parathyroid glands: adenomas (n = 12); hyperplasia (n = 1). All but two of the 13 were cured of their nephrolithiasis, but all ten of the patients with no abnormal glands for whom follow-up data were available continued to pass renal stones (follow-up range--8 months to 18 years; mean--5 years, 7 months). Thus, our experience with treating "normocalcemic" hyperparathyroidism has been disappointing. Although a substantial number of patients with occasional mild hypercalcemia may benefit from cervical exploration, those patients are not, by definition, truly normocalcemic. Metabolic evaluation can separate hypercalciuric recurrent stone formers with autonomous secondary hyperparathyroidism from patients with suppressible secondary hyperparathyroidism, and can thus more accurately identify patients who may benefit from parathyroid exploration. PMID- 6546188 TI - Lymphoscintigraphy for malignant melanoma. Surgical considerations. AB - Lymphoscintigraphy using technetium-99m atimony sulfur colloid was performed in 22 patients with melanoma referred to Duke University Comprehensive Cancer Center in an attempt to identify patterns of regional lymphatic drainage. Scans from six patients revealed lower extremity lesions with three located below the knee, one in the popliteal space, and two others proximal to the knee joint. Despite the location of the primary, all scans but one showed initial drainage to the inguinal nodes bypassing the popliteal lymph node group. Of the three patients who had primary melanoma of the posterior scalp, the lymphatic drainage was directed to the posterior cervical nodes. No drainage to the parotid nodes or anterior neck nodes was visualized. The knowledge gained from lymphoscintigraphy resulted in posterior neck dissections instead of the standard anterior neck dissection and superficial parotidectomy. In areas of ambiguous lymphatic drainage from the trunk, radiocolloid scanning can identify areas at risk for developing metastatic disease. Six lesions within 5 cm of the midline demonstrated bilateral axillary or groin drainage in 83 per cent of the patients. For two lesions near Sappey's line colloidal uptake to the ipsilateral axilla and groin was the rule. After a 3-year follow-up, during which time 70 to 90 per cent of lymph node metastases are predicted to occur, no nodal metastases were ever documented in areas that did not show colloidal uptake. No correlation was found between amount of radiolabel in positive compared to negative nodes, although those nodes that were completely replaced by tumor contained no 99mTc activity and were negative on scanning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546189 TI - Primary Salmonella aortic graft infection. First reported case. AB - The first spontaneous Salmonella aortic graft infection is reported, being due to graft contamination via a graft enteric erosion. The high mortality of Salmonella aortic infection and gram-negative graft infections is noted. PMID- 6546190 TI - The effect of decerebrate rigidity on intracranial pressure in man and animals. AB - Patients with decerebrate rigidity frequently show intracranial hypertension. The factors responsible for this effect and their inter-relationships were explored in cats and in patients with head injuries. ANIMALS: The factors examined, separately and in combination, were elevation of central venous, intrathoracic, intra-abdominal and systemic arterial pressures. The baselines thus established were used for the investigation of the effects of these factors on the intracranial pressure (ICP) in cats which had been rendered decerebrate by focal stereotactic mesencephalic lesions. Little or no change occurred in the ICP when: Rigidity was mainly unilateral. Bilateral limb rigidity was extreme. Persistent elevation of ICP occurred when: Truncal rigidity resulted in the simultaneous elevation of the intrathoracic and intra-abdominal pressures. Elevation of the systemic arterial pressure occurred in the presence of defective cerebrovascular homeostasis. Human: The dynamics and management of the complex clinical problem posed by decerebrate rigidity were investigated in patients with head injuries who exhibited well-developed bilateral rigidity under conditions of altered cerebral elastance. Rigidity was quantified by measuring the resonant frequency of the wrist induced by a printed-circuit motor. The brain elastance, ICP, intrathoracic and blood pressures were measured throughout the study. The effect of pharmacological muscle paralysis on the ICP and rigidity was examined. It appeared that well-developed decerebrate rigidity increased the ICP. The relationship was direct; the greater the rigidity or cerebral elastance, the greater the rise in ICP and vice versa. The two factors mainly responsible were muscle hypertonicity and cerebral elastance. The rises in ICP were caused by the rigidity and although it may not always be possible to reduce the abnormally increased elastance, the rigidity can certainly be abolished. As long as the cerebral vascular homeostatic mechanisms were intact, spontaneous waning of the rigidity or its abolition by muscle relaxants returned the ICP to its previous resting level. Pancuronium produced much deeper and more lasting relaxation than either diazepam or chlorpromazine. During the period of mechanical ventilation, alterations in ICP were of prognostic value as regards the outcome of the injuries. PMID- 6546191 TI - Chemotherapy and irradiation in childhood Hodgkin's disease. AB - Eighty children aged less than 16 years with newly diagnosed Hodgkin's disease were treated between 1974 and 1982. Complete remission occurred in 95%, with actuarial five year overall survival of 94%, and relapse free survival of 82%: median follow up was 4.8 years. Sixty one children were staged clinically while 19 had staging laparotomies before treatment. Most received combined modality treatment with Ch1VPP chemotherapy (chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisolone) followed by irradiation of initial bulk disease. Nodular sclerosis predominated in both sexes, accounting for 60% of the total. Girls with stage IV disease, nodal sclerosis histology, and bulky mediastinal masses had a relatively poor prognosis. Ten children have relapsed, and three prolonged (6 to 7 years) second remissions have been observed. Four died of disease, and one from infection. Clinical staging, avoiding splenectomy, reduced the risk of serious infections. Our current policy is to treat stage IA disease with local irradiation and all other stages with chemotherapy, adding irradiation for bulky mediastinal disease. PMID- 6546192 TI - [2 cases of giant cell tumors of the patella]. PMID- 6546193 TI - Podagra is more than gout. PMID- 6546194 TI - New invasion assay using endothelial cells grown on native human basement membrane. AB - A new invasion assay is introduced using endothelial cells grown on native human basement membrane (BM). The source of the BM was human amnion. The amnion is a uniform tissue composed of an epithelial layer resting on a continuous basement membrane overlying an avascular collagenous stroma. The epithelium was removed exposing the basement membrane (BM) surface. Human umbilical cord endothelium or bovine capillary endothelium were cultivated on the BM surface. Human squamous carcinoma cells were inoculated onto the BM surface in the presence or absence of the endothelial monolayer. Tumor cells attached readily to both the endothelial monolayer or the BM surface alone. Tumor cells which invaded the basement membrane and underlying collagenous connective tissue were collected on a Millipore filter applied to the opposite side of the amnion. Tumor cells invaded the devitalized amnion connective tissue in the absence of endothelium. The presence of either bovine or human endothelium significantly reduced the rate of tumor cell invasion. This system should be useful for further quantitative studies of the interaction between endothelium and tumor cells with regard to the mechanism of invasion. PMID- 6546195 TI - In vitro invasiveness of human bladder cancer from cell lines and biopsy specimens. AB - Aggregates prepared from cell lines established from a human transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium (Hu 456) or from apparently normal urothelium before (Hu 609) and after phenotypic transformation (Hu 609T) were confronted with fragments of embryonic chick cardiac muscle in organ culture. In this assay a correlation was found between in vitro invasiveness of animal cell lines and their capacity to produce invasive tumours in syngeneic animals. The invasiveness of cells from established human urothelial lines was compared to the invasiveness of cells from established human urothelial lines was compared to the invasiveness of cells from fresh biopsy specimens of a normal urothelium, a non-invasive papilloma, and a metastasizing transitional cell carcinoma. Cells from all established lines (Hu 609, Hu 609T and HU 456) and from the biopsy specimens of the transitional cell carcinoma occupied and eventually replaced the cardiac muscle by contrast with cells from the normal urothelium or from the non-invasive papilloma. We concluded that the organ culture assay for invasiveness might be used to define malignancy of human bladder cell lines and to follow the various steps during the acquisition of invasiveness in vitro. PMID- 6546196 TI - Changes in drug delivery (by blood-brain barrier dysfunction) on arachnoid leukemia: implication for CNS leukemic dissemination. AB - The infiltrates of intracerebrally inoculated DBLA-6 leukemia cells of the rat were used as an experimental model of meningeal leukemia in acute leukemia. Systemic administration of an antileukemic agent (daunomycin) started at the early stage of the leukemic involvement in the arachnoid, when the blood-brain barrier (blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier) was not yet broken in the pial microcirculation. In those animals in which the antileukemic agent alone was administered, leukemic infiltration was decreased in the dura while it was clearly observed in the subarachnoid space. In those animals in which the blood brain barrier was damaged by acute angiotensin-induced hypertension, the chemotherapeutic effect on leukemic infiltration was markedly enhanced in the arachnoid and other parts of the brain. The blood-brain barrier dysfunction was analysed using the technique of fluorescein cine-angiography. The results indicated that the chemotherapeutic effect of the agent given systemically was impeded by the barrier, particularly in early arachnoidal infiltration of leukemic cells. Also, this in vivo experiment showed the importance of drug delivery to tumor cells growing outside blood vessels in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6546197 TI - Antitumor effect of RA233 alone and combined with radiotherapy. AB - The effect of RA233 alone or in combination with radiation was investigated in vivo on the S180 sarcoma, the B16 melanoma and the Lewis lung carcinoma. The combined treatment was a significant improvement over radiation alone for the B16 and S180 tumours. RA233 alone did not influence the growth of these tumours. When the primary 3LL was irradiated, tumour size was unaffected but the number of pulmonary metastases was reduced. They were further reduced by the combination of RA233 and radiation. The number, volume and cytokinetics of the B16 cells and the 3LL cells were affected to varying degrees by RA233. The significance of these changes relative to the effects of RA233 are discussed. PMID- 6546198 TI - Distribution of metastases at necropsy in colorectal cancer. AB - A series of 372 necropsies on patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) was examined retrospectively. Patients were excluded if the primary tumour was not removed, if the operation was palliative or if death occurred within three months of operation. Only 43 cases remained after these exclusions and of these six died of intercurrent disease. The 37 remaining patients were all thought to have undergone a curative resection, following which they died with recurrent tumour. They represent the group of patients who might have benefited from adjuvant chemotherapy. The pattern of metastases and the cause of death was examined in these 37 patients. Local recurrence was found more commonly (25 cases, 68 per cent) than hepatic metastases (21 cases, 57 per cent) or metastases at other sites. This finding indicates that excision of the primary tumour must be as complete as possible and that adjuvant therapies must be directed both locally as well as systemically. PMID- 6546200 TI - Metastasis of mammary tumours in mice: relationship with morphology of primary tumour, and reproductive background of host. AB - The lungs of BR6 breeding female mice which had developed spontaneous mammary tumours, were examined histologically for the presence of metastases. Metastatic nodules, or tumour cell emboli within blood vessels, were found in the lungs of 3 out of 42 (7 per cent) mice with pregnancy-dependent tumours, and in 33 out of 117 (28 per cent) mice with pregnancy-independent tumours. In general, primary tumours which were well-differentiated and organized were less likely to metastasize than poorly-differentiated ones, but there was an intermediate range within which the likelihood of metastasis could not be predicted. Analysis of the reproductive histories of the mice did not show any significant correlations between factors which might have influenced the growth and progression of the primary tumour and metastatic potential. However, the sustained presence of a high tumour load was associated with an increased probability of metastasis. PMID- 6546199 TI - The influence of intramedullary nailing upon the development of metastases in the treatment of an impending pathological fracture: an experimental study. AB - An experimental model has been developed in which the effects of a pathological fracture and intramedullary nailing on metastatic spread have been investigated. The endpoint used was the production of lung metastases in rats inoculated intracortically with a rhabdomyosarcoma. We have found that a pathological fracture markedly increases the incidence of lung metastases and that intramedullary nailing, by decreasing the incidence of fractures, decreases the incidence of lung metastases. The surgical procedure itself does not increase the incidence significantly. It is concluded that in metastatic disease prophylactic nailing of an impending pathological fracture is the treatment of choice. PMID- 6546201 TI - Blood-brain barrier integrity and host responses in experimental metastatic brain tumours. AB - The effect of brain implants of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma tumour cells on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier was examined in rats using labelled albumin, horseradish peroxidase and trypan blue. Barrier integrity was intact within 1 hour of implantation but was gradually reduced within the tumour after 3.5 days. This was related to alterations in the fine structure of the tumour capillaries. Dissociated tight junctions were apparent within the tumour centre, but no fenestrated endothelium or gap junctions were observed by electron microscopy. PMID- 6546202 TI - Brain meninges tumor formation by in vivo-selected metastatic B16 melanoma variants in mice. AB - The murine melanoma subline B16-F1 of low brain- and lung-colonizing potential has been used to obtain brain-colonizing variant sublines by sequential selection in vivo for their abilities to form brain meningeal tumors. After fourteen and fifteen selections in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice sublines B16-B14b and B16-B15b, respectively, were established in culture. These were then assayed in vivo by injection of single tumor cell suspensions into the tail vein (i.v.), left ventricle of the heart (i.c.) or left common carotid artery (i.a.), and the resulting tumors were examined histologically. Injection of subline B16-B14b or B16-B15b resulted in brain meningeal tumor formation in the dura mater and leptomeninges with invasion into underlying brain parenchyma and also some brain ventricular tumors at the sites of i.a. injection. Lung colonization ability remained in the brain-selected sublines, although it was remarkably reduced in i.a. tumor cell-injected animals. The brain meningeal tumors that formed were of three types: intravascular, nodular or infiltrative. Injection of tumor cells i.v. resulted mainly in the establishment of the intravascular type of brain meningeal tumors with eventual perivascular invasion, while injection i.a. or i.c. resulted mostly in nodular or infiltrative type brain meningeal tumors. The B16-B14b brain meningeal tumors formed were small (less than 1 mm in diameter) and usually nonpigmented, while B16-B15b tumors were generally large (up to 7 mm in diameter) and pigmented. Host reactions towards B16-B14b and B16-B15b tumors at meningeal sites differed. The former B16 subline was characterized by extensive fibrosis with some immunocytic cell infiltration in and around the meningeal tumors, while the latter subline did not elicit such host reactions. In contrast, tumors in brain parenchyma failed to evoke observable host reactions, and there was little evidence of immunocyte cell infiltration or glial cell alterations. PMID- 6546203 TI - The growth and spontaneous dissemination of melanoma B16 and Lewis lung tumour in two sub-strains of C57BL/6J mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum and/or levamisole. AB - The effect of C. parvum and/or levamisole on tumour growth and spontaneous dissemination was tested in two tumour-host systems, melanoma B16 and LLT in C57BL/6J mice. C. parvum inhibited the growth of LLT and its dissemination to the lungs and the growth of B16 in females in one of the two sub-strains of mice used. Levamisole stimulated the growth of B16 in females in one sub-strain and in both sexes in the other sub-strain of mice. The growth of LLT was not influenced by levamisole but its dissemination to lymph nodes was facilitated. The growth stimulating effect of levamisole was abrogated by C. parvum in the mice treated with both agents in combination. It is concluded that the effects of non-specific immunomodulators on tumour growth and spread can vary between sub-strains of the same inbred strain of mice bred at different laboratories. PMID- 6546204 TI - Spontaneous metastasis: random or selective? AB - Spontaneous lung metastases from an infrequently metastasizing fibrosarcoma and a more highly metastatic mammary carcinoma showed no increased capacity for generating primary tumors with greater metastatic potential when transplanted into either normal or whole-body-irradiated syngeneic mice for up to six isotransplant generations. Rather, successive generations varied in their metastatic behavior, tending towards decreasing metastatic efficiency. These data support the view that spontaneous metastases are determined more by random survival of intravasated tumor cells than by the selection of preexisting metastatic cell variants. PMID- 6546205 TI - Metastatic tumor cell invasion of brain organ tissue cultured on cellulose polyacetate strips. AB - Brain organ cells were cultured on cellulose polyacetate and other substrates in order to investigate metastatic tumor cell invasion in vitro. The cultures consisted of small pieces (approximately 1 X 3 mm) of neonatal mouse cerebrum or cerebellum tissue. Brain tissue pieces were allowed to attach to the substrates and were then cultured for 14-15 days in roller tubes. Cellulose polyacetate was found to be the best substrate for the attachment of brain tissue, and it eliminated some of the undesirable tissue movements that occurred using other substrates. Also, the invasion assays were the most reproducible using this tissue support. In culture, both cerebrum and cerebellum tissue achieved stable structures by 14 days, but the neurons and astrocytes in these tissues continued to exhibit structural changes such as extension of cellular processes. Murine B16 melanoma cells selected in vivo 15 times for brain colonization bound rapidly to and invaded brain tissue, infiltrating deep into the tissue within 4 hours and displacing the entire tissue by 5 days. Many of the B16 tumor cells extended pseudopodia and filopodia during invasion, suggesting that their tissue infiltration was an active invasive process. However, some B16 cells remained spherical in shape with numerous surface microvilli, but these same tumor cells also moved into the brain tissue. Brain tissue attached to cellulose polyacetate appeared to be the most useful system for elucidating the invasive interactions of malignant cells with brain tissues in vitro. PMID- 6546206 TI - Ineffectiveness of inicarone, a fibrinolytic agent, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents on spontaneously metastasizing murine tumours. AB - The effect of inicarone (L7035), a potent fibrinolytic, alone or in combination, was investigated on spontaneously metastasizing Lewis lung carcinoma (implanted intramuscularly) to verify whether it could prevent the formation of metastases. After intraperitoneal and oral administration, inicarone did not show any cytotoxicity since the survival of animals was not prolonged. Its activity was compared to that of warfarin, an anticoagulant: both drugs were inactive when administered in curative treatment and inicarone even enhanced the number of lung metastases. When administered in combination with cyclophosphamide, an antiproliferative agent, inicarone did not induce any synergism or antagonism, but this combination did not inhibit tumour growth or metastasis spreading. Moreover, when inicarone was combined with a potent antimetastatic agent, Nocodazole, it was shown to be in competition with the latter agent and totally overshadowed its activity; since inicarone had no antimetastatic effect, the number of metastases rose dramatically. PMID- 6546207 TI - TS/A: a new metastasizing cell line from a BALB/c spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - A metastasizing mouse cell line (TS/A), originated from a mammary adenocarcinoma which arose spontaneously in a BALB/c female retired breeder, has been established in vitro. It displayed a remarkable morphologic heterogeneity, which is evident in plastic adherent cultures (cell types ranging from epithelial-like to fibroblast-like) as well as in semi-solid agar cultures. The TS/A line exhibited the presence of specific cytoplasmic estradiol receptor, with a binding activity of 16 fmoles/mg cytosol protein. The in vivo growth pattern was as follows: a s.c. inoculum of 105 cells caused a 100 per cent tumor take and kill in syngeneic animals; mean survival time was 54 +/- 1 days; it did not show significant transplant immunogenicity in syngeneic animals; it was able to give rise to both spontaneous lung metastases and artificial lung colonies; it had a high capacity to grow in H-2 matched, minor histocompatibility antigen incompatible hosts (10(6) cells killed 100 per cent DBA/2 mice in 58 +/- 2 days). This line of spontaneous mammary tumor cells is proposed as a useful model for studies on the heterogeneity of the neoplastic population in relation to metastatic spread, on tumor immunogenicity, and on therapy of mammary neoplasia. PMID- 6546208 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy in a new metastasizing caecum tumor model. AB - A metastasizing tumour model in which a non-immunogenic tumor (Lewis lung carcinoma) is implanted in the caecum of syngeneic mice, is described. The most interesting property of this model is the formation of spontaneous hepatic and transperitoneal metastases. Resection of the caecum tumor 14 days after implantation leaves micrometastases in liver, peritoneum and lungs. This gives the opportunity for the study of adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide cured a significant percentage of animals with micrometastases in liver and peritoneum. Cyclophosphamide therapy had no effect on micrometastases in liver and peritoneum when the primary tumor was left in place. This finding underlines the importance of aggressive treatment of the primary tumor before adjuvant chemotherapy can be effective in colorectal cancer. PMID- 6546209 TI - [Surgical anatomy of abdominal arterial vessels in the most common experimental animals]. PMID- 6546210 TI - [Comparative analysis of intracellular electrolyte composition in the rat and man]. PMID- 6546211 TI - [Surgical anatomy of abdominal, systemic and portal venous vascularization in the most common experimental animals]. PMID- 6546212 TI - [Evaluation of a drug inhibiting collagen synthesis (D-penicillamine) in the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions]. PMID- 6546213 TI - [Vascular hypothesis of the cause of pancreatitis: experimental model and preliminary clinico-histological notes]. PMID- 6546214 TI - [Single daily doses of tobramycin sulfate in urologic surgery]. PMID- 6546215 TI - Eleventh International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. Paris, France, June 20-24, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6546216 TI - Preplanning allows prompt action on workplace respiratory distress. PMID- 6546217 TI - Alcoholics who quit drinking may still need psychiatric counseling. PMID- 6546218 TI - Appeals court reverses decision in transsexual discrimination case. PMID- 6546219 TI - Selecting an EAP contractor that will meet company needs. PMID- 6546220 TI - EAPs: defining functions and evaluating your program. PMID- 6546222 TI - What business schools teach on health, safety and environment. PMID- 6546221 TI - Comprehensive program increases supervisors' knowledge of drug abuse. PMID- 6546224 TI - Indian medical journals--a critical review. PMID- 6546223 TI - Precision jobs increase need for vision screening program. PMID- 6546225 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices. PMID- 6546226 TI - Relative efficacy of mebendazole and pyrantel in hookworm infection. National Anthelminthic Study Group. PMID- 6546227 TI - Bacterial agents in diarrhoeal diseases of childhood in Benin City. PMID- 6546228 TI - Aspects of the emergency management of haematemesis and melaena: a medical audit. PMID- 6546229 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis of the liver with ascites. A report of two cases. PMID- 6546230 TI - Better diagnosis and management of patients with gastrointestinal disorders. PMID- 6546232 TI - [Various trends in studies of physical fitness in sports]. PMID- 6546231 TI - [Criteria of the usefulness of the methods of work capacity evaluation in occupational medicine]. PMID- 6546233 TI - [15th meeting of the Asociacion Latinoamericana de Ciencias Fisiologicas, 27th annual meeting of the Sociedad de Biologia de Chile, 6th annual meeting of the Sociedad de Farmacologia de Chile. Abstracts]. PMID- 6546234 TI - Endocrinological aspects of reproduction. An international symposium. Punta de Tralca, Chile, November, 14-15, 1984. PMID- 6546236 TI - Compound 48/80 impairs cytokinesis in murine leukemic cells. AB - Compound 48/80 (poly-p-methoxyphenethylmethylamine), an agent commonly used to trigger degranulation of mast cells, at concentrations of 5-20 micrograms/ml suppresses the proliferation of L1210 and Friend leukemic cells in vitro, inducing the formation of giant cells, which are polykaryons. Both the proportion of polykaryons in cultures and their size (which reflects the number of nuclei per polykaryon) increase during growth in the presence of 48/80 up to 48 hr; thereafter, the cells lose viability. A predominant number of nuclei in these polykaryons contain a 4C, or higher DNA content. The data indicate that compound 48/80 impairs the cleavage (cytokinesis) and perhaps mitotic processes. Mechanisms by which compound 48/80 induces the described effects are unknown but may be related to the polycationic nature of the polymer and its interaction with the cell membrane. Certain attributes of compound 48/80 suggest that this or similar polymers may have value as research tools for the study of regulatory mechanisms involved in cell division. PMID- 6546235 TI - Biological role of the pineal. Responses to the environmental photoperiod. AB - The pineal of vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) in specimens collected during winter, has the cytological characteristic of an active organ. In this state the animal is adapted to a prolonged dark environment and its reproductive organs are inactive. During summer, the vizcacha displays its sexual annual cycle of reproduction and the pineal is apparently inactive. These seasonal pineal changes may be related to the natural photoperiod and the gradual exposure to twilight during the long daylight summer period. This photic information may be expressed as changes in the sympathetic tone of the pineal. The vizcacha and rat's pineals may also influence on the pituitary pars intermedia secretion to respond as photoreceptors in the mechanism of adaptation to the natural photoperiod. PMID- 6546238 TI - Head injuries. PMID- 6546237 TI - Role of gallbladder mucin in pathophysiology of gallstones. AB - A critical step in the formation of cholesterol gallstones in nucleation (i.e., the formation of cholesterol monohydrate crystals from supersaturated bile). The rate of nucleation of cholesterol depends upon a critical balance between pronucleating and antinucleating factors in bile. Mucin, a high molecular weight glycoprotein secreted by the gallbladder and biliary duct epithelium, is a pronucleating agent in experimental and human gallstone disease. Gallbladder mucin shares with other epithelial mucins the ability to bind lipids and bile pigment. The hydrophobic binding sites in the polypeptide core of mucin may provide a favorable environment for nucleation of cholesterol monohydrate from supersaturated bile. In nearly all animal models of cholelithiasis, mucin hypersecretion is prominent. The stimulus for gallbladder mucin hypersecretion appears to be a component of lithogenic bile. Prostaglandins regulate mucin release in gallbladder epithelium in vitro and probably in vivo. In the cholesterol-fed prairie dog, blockage of mucin release with aspirin inhibits gallstone formation. These findings suggest that inhibition of mucin release may prevent cholesterol stone formation during high-risk periods or after dissolution therapy with bile salts. PMID- 6546239 TI - [Fluocortinbutyl in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in the child]. PMID- 6546240 TI - [Membrane proteins of human cutaneous tumors]. PMID- 6546241 TI - [Secondary cutaneous plasmacytoma. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6546243 TI - [Pseudo-pyogenic granuloma-type histiocytoid hemangioma]. PMID- 6546244 TI - [Perianal basal cell epithelioma]. PMID- 6546242 TI - [Acquired trichorrhexis nodosa. Ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6546245 TI - [Hypokalemic alkalosis due to 9-alpha-fluoroprednisolone locally applied in pemphigus vulgaris]. PMID- 6546246 TI - [Scleroderma therapy with penicillin G. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6546247 TI - [Tattoo treatment with cryotherapy]. PMID- 6546248 TI - [Our experience in psoriasis PUVA therapy. Observations on 60 cases followed-up for 2 years]. PMID- 6546250 TI - [Automatic filing of data in pathologic anatomy]. PMID- 6546251 TI - [Morphological descriptions in occupational pathology]. PMID- 6546249 TI - [Proceedings of the 3d National Congress of the Italian Hospital Anatomo Pathologists Society in association with the Italian Society of Pathologic Anatomy; seminars of the International Academy of Pathology, seminars of the Italian Association of Cytology]. PMID- 6546252 TI - [Neoplastic and preneoplastic pathology of the urothelium]. PMID- 6546253 TI - [Cytology of the endometrium]. PMID- 6546254 TI - Development procedure of magnetic focusing method for NMR medical application. AB - Magnetic Focusing Method (MF Method) was proposed as an application of NMR to the medical field independently of Field Focusing Method (Fonar Method). The development procedure of our MF Method and its usefulness as well as the comparison with other methods are discussed in this paper. PMID- 6546255 TI - Computed tomography in gastric carcinoma: thickness of gastric wall and infiltration to serosa surface. AB - Preoperative CT images and the operative findings from 25 patients with gastric carcinoma were comparatively studied. Infiltration of the serosa surface was noted in 84% (16 out of 19 cases) of the patients whose local thickness of the gastric wall was shown to be 1.5 cm or more on the CT images. CT images of liver metastases had an accuracy of 88% (22 cases out of 25) and a specificity of 90% (19 out of 21 cases). Regarding metastatic lymph nodes and peritoneal dissemination, the CT image gave the poor specificity. PMID- 6546256 TI - Saccular aneurysm at the basilar artery fenestration. AB - The authors describe a 19-year-old patient who was presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage and was found to have a saccular aneurysm arising at the proximal end of the fenestration of the basilar artery. Previously reported cases are reviewed. Stereoscopic magnification angiography facilitated the analysis of the three-dimensional-anatomical relationship between the aneurysm and its fenestrated parent artery. PMID- 6546257 TI - Mesenteric varices: an entity with specific clinical, angiographic features. AB - Eight Japanese patients with mesenteric varices were diagnosed by angiography. All patients suffered from portal hypertension and had a history of previous abdominal surgery or peritonitis. The mesenteric varices of these patients were thought to be related to adhesion. Of the eight patients, five showed hepatic encephalopathy. None of the patients had a history of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding. All mesenteric varices were opacified in the portal phase of superior mesenteric arteriograms. To study the superior mesenteric artery, 50-60 ml of 76% Urografin was injected after infusion of prostaglandin E1 or F2 alpha. Regarding patients treated in the early part of the study, a vasodilator was not used and the contrast dosage was modest. In all eight patients, the mesenteric varices communicated with the systemic venous circulation through the gonadal veins. In seven cases, the mesenteric varices on the right side of the mesenteries drained into the right gonadal veins which flowed into the inferior vena cava (IVC). In the remaining case, the mesenteric varix on the left side drained into the left gonadal vein which flowed into the left renal vein. In three patients with right-sided varices, venous blood sampled from the right gonadal vein and from the distal and proximal IVC showed a high concentration of ammonia in the right gonadal vein and step-ups between distal and proximal IVC. PMID- 6546258 TI - Bone scintigraphy in Maffucci syndrome. AB - Maffucci syndrome is a congenital, non-hereditary mesodermal dysplasia associated with multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas. The high risk of development of malignant tumors is well-known. A case of Maffucci syndrome in a 68-year-old man who suffered from multiple malignant degeneration and who was given a bone scintigraphic examination is reported with radiological and pathological findings. The scintigraphic findings are different for two histological different chondrosarcomatous lesions. It seems that uptake of Tc-99m MDP increases with the degree of calcification rather than whether the lesion is benign or malignant. PMID- 6546259 TI - Recurrent esophageal carcinoma treated with intracavitary irradiation. AB - Two cases of esophageal recurrent carcinoma after past external irradiation were treated with intracavitary irradiation, but local control was not achieved in these two cases. These examples demonstrate that intracavitary irradiation for secondary treatment of recurrent esophageal cancer is not effective. Intracavitary irradiation should be performed primarily following external irradiation as a booster therapy. PMID- 6546261 TI - The effect of Cavinton on impulse formation and impulse conduction of the heart. PMID- 6546260 TI - Quantitative examination of taste deficiency due to radiation therapy. AB - A study was carried out with a Rion TR-03 type electro-gustometer for subjective and quantitative expression of the degree of taste deficiency due to radiation therapy and the effects of treatment. The changes of the electro-gustometric threshold due to irradiation were examined in patients who were divided into three groups: those receiving irradiation of the whole oral cavity, those receiving irradiation of the posterior tongue and the soft palate and those receiving irradiation of the gustatory nervous system. In the group receiving irradiation of the whole oral cavity, the threshold showed a tendency to increase when receiving 10 Gy/5 days, and the threshold became unmeasurable when more than 40 Gy/26 days was given. In the group receiving irradiation of the posterior tongue and the soft palate, almost no change of the threshold in the anterior was observed in spite of increasing irradiation doses. In the group receiving irradiation of the gustatory nervous system, the threshold in the intact hemicephalus did not changed even after irradiation, but a change was found on the pathological side. Based on these results, the authors originated a complication scoring system and a treatment scoring system both of which are divided into five stages. An electro-gustometric examination is used in order to provide effective treatment with a preserving function something which has been strongly desired for radiation therapy of cancer. PMID- 6546262 TI - Pharmacokinetic examinations with metronidazole in healthy volunteers and colectomized patients. PMID- 6546263 TI - Levamisole as immunostimulant in the clinical practice. PMID- 6546265 TI - Experiences with Chlortalidone treatment in benign essential hypertension cases. PMID- 6546264 TI - Effect of a single metoprolol (Betaloc) dose on respiratory function, physical performance and resting and postexercise ECG. PMID- 6546267 TI - The role of Libexin combination in the symptomatic treatment of different pulmonary diseases. PMID- 6546266 TI - Observations with Magurlit in the treatment of patients with uric acid stone. PMID- 6546269 TI - [Veterinary public health]. PMID- 6546268 TI - New prospects with clomiphene treatment. PMID- 6546270 TI - [Health problems associated with pets]. PMID- 6546271 TI - [Strategy for global and regional control of animal diseases]. PMID- 6546272 TI - [Basic health service in the control of zoonoses in the Mediterranean area]. PMID- 6546273 TI - [Elements of basic health care and their implications in veterinary public health programs]. PMID- 6546274 TI - [Problems of an international nature in the registration of drugs for veterinary use]. PMID- 6546275 TI - [Public health problems related to stray and wild dogs]. PMID- 6546276 TI - [A useless and superseded experimental animal: the stray dog]. PMID- 6546277 TI - [Research on environmental contamination of canine origin in a quarter of the city of Bologna]. PMID- 6546278 TI - [Brucella canis, Campylobacter jejuni and DF-2 (disgonic fermenter type-2): technical diagnostic profile of emerging canine disease entities of a zoonotic nature]. PMID- 6546279 TI - [Vaccinal prevention of rabies in domestic animals]. PMID- 6546280 TI - [Prevention of toxoplasmosis of animal origin]. PMID- 6546281 TI - [Past, present and future of the Veterinary Public Health section of the World Health Organization in the field of food hygiene]. PMID- 6546282 TI - [Tasks and goals of the inspection of food of animal origin]. PMID- 6546283 TI - [Role and function of anatomico-histopathology in animal health]. PMID- 6546285 TI - [Brucellosis in the sphere of infections of food origin]. PMID- 6546284 TI - [Health education on the subject of the hygiene of food of animal origin]. PMID- 6546286 TI - [Monitoring the risks for man by observation of animals with special reference to occupational exposure]. PMID- 6546287 TI - [Primary-level health interventions to prevent occupational pathology connected with animal husbandry and related activities]. PMID- 6546288 TI - [Role of basic health care in the control of occupational risks related to laboratory animals]. PMID- 6546289 TI - [Electrophoretic identification of Simuliidae of the reptans group (Diptera, Nematocera) in a study of their attacks on livestock in the Adige valley]. PMID- 6546290 TI - Biochemical and immunological characteristics of ferritin from HL-60, U-937 and K 562 cell lines: implications for haemopoietic regulation. AB - It has been suggested that acidic isoferritins play a major role in the regulation of human granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) proliferation. Such regulatory isoferritins are said to occur in some human tissues including both leukaemic and normal leucocytes, and certain established cell lines. They are glycosylated and bind to Con A. Extracts from HL-60, U-937 and K-562 cell lines are said to contain inhibitory activity but only in HL60 cells is the activity neutralized by antibody to acidic isoferritins. The properties of ferritin from these cell lines have been investigated. HL60 and U-937 extracts contained predominantly basic (spleen-type) isoferritins and K-562 extracts predominantly acidic (heart-type) isoferritins on immunoradiometric assay. None of the ferritin bound to Con A. On anion exchange chromatography ferritin from U-937 was basic in character, that from K-562 was acidic and HL-60 contained a variety of isoferritins. The identification of glycosylated acidic isoferritins as inhibitors of granulopoiesis appears to be an oversimplification and the classification of isoferritins on the basis of two subunit types may also need revision. PMID- 6546291 TI - [Sensory stimuli in the reproductive function]. AB - There is very ancient evidence that sensory systems and specific stimuli affect reproductive functions. Studies of the reproductive cycles and behavior led to the concept that simuli acting through the nervous system could affect the endocrine system. The event which normally induces the milk ejection reflex is stimulation of the teat; however under certain conditions the reflex can be provoked by other sensory stimuli as the sound of other rats nursing their litters. The endocrine mechanisms involved in the termination of pregnancy in rats seem to be essential for the occurrence of parturition, the expression of maternal behavior and lactation. Ovariectomy performed on day 20 of pregnancy impaired parturition, maternal behavior and lactation. Treatment with estrogen permitted normal delivery, maternal response and lactation only when the hormone was injected immediately after ovariectomy. Estrogen administered the day after was not effective. The administration of progesterone to ovariectomized pregnant rats prevented parturition. Maternal behavior did not occur in ovariectomized progesterone treated rats when delivery was induced by Caesarean section on day 22 of pregnancy. The association of a progesterone decrease and a simultaneous estrogen secretion is an important step for normal parturition, maternal behavior appearance and normal lactation. After parturition a progressive increase in circulating progesterone seems to "adapt" the C.N.S. to the steroid which may modulate the release of prolactin induced by suckling. An acute increase of the progesterone level by s.c. silastic implant or injection during the first 3 or 6 days following parturition impairs the normal growth of the litter probably by impairing milk secretion and milk ejection. Prolactin release was significantly diminished by the progesterone treatment. Pretreatment with an antiestrogen potentiates the inhibitory effect of progesterone on litter growth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546292 TI - A consideration of the hormonal basis and phosphate leak hypothesis of absorptive hypercalciuria. AB - Fifty patients with absorptive hypercalciuria (AH), 25 normal subjects (NS), and 25 nonhypercalciuric patients with stone disease (NHSF) were studied using an oral calcium tolerance test and 24-h urine collections on both a restricted and an unrestricted calcium intake. Mean (+/- SD) fasting fractional calcium excretion was increased in the patients with AH (2.7 +/- 1.1% vs. 1.4 +/- 0.6% in the NS; P less than 0.001) and was negatively correlated with fasting nephrogenous cAMP, suggesting that this renal calcium leak was secondary to parathyroid suppression. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] was elevated in 80% of patients with AH and was high normal in the remaining 20%. Ten patients, selected on the basis of results for 1,25-(OH)2D greater than 4 SD from the normal mean, displayed a particularly severe pattern of abnormalities, including mild hypercalcemia in two patients. Pooled data from the NS and patients with AH revealed a significant negative correlation between the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D and the renal phosphate threshold (r = -0.40; P less than 0.001), but this correlation lost significance when the NHSF were substituted for the NS as a control group (r = -0.07; P = NS). These findings 1) provide a pathophysiological basis for the increase in fasting calcium excretion commonly observed in hypercalciuric patients, and 2) stress the importance of circulating 1,25-(OH)2D in the pathogenesis of the syndrome, but 3) fail to support the phosphate leak theory of pathogenesis. PMID- 6546293 TI - Clinical importance of lactase deficiency. PMID- 6546295 TI - Intestinal radiocalcium absorption in the goat: measurement by a double-isotope technique. AB - Intestinal radiocalcium absorption was measured in goats by a double-isotope technique involving injection of 45CaCl2 intravenously and 47CaCl2 into the abomasum. Cumulative absorption of radiocalcium was calculated by deconvolution analysis form curves of plasma radioactivity. Repeated measurements at 2 d intervals gave highly reproducible results (r 0.94, P less than 0.001). No systematic difference between two consecutive measurements was observed. A good agreement between absorption of radiocalcium from simultaneously administered 47CaCl2 and 45Ca-labelled hay (r 0.93, P less than 0.001) seems to justify the use of inorganic 47Ca as a tracer for Ca in ruminant diets. Two- to three-fold increases in radiocalcium absorption 48 h after oral treatment with 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol or leaves of Solanum malacoxylon showed the usefulness of the method in situations of rapidly changing Ca absorption. Endogenous adaptations in intestinal radiocalcium absorption from 20 to 43% were observed in lactating goats when Ca intakes decreased from 12 to 4 g/d. It is concluded that the double-isotope technique is a suitable method for studies of Ca absorption in ruminants when tracer is introduced into the abomasum. The test is completed in 3 4 h and may therefore be used in situations where the absorption of Ca undergoes rapid changes. PMID- 6546294 TI - A clinicopathological case of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated by peripheral cryopexy. AB - A baby born at 25 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 800 g who suffered from severe respiratory distress syndrome with metabolic acidosis is described. Active retinopathy of prematurity, stages II and III, was found in the right eye at the age of 1 month and in the left eye a month later. Both eyes were treated by peripheral cryopexy. The pathological examination showed that cryopexy was effective in preventing progression of the retinopathy to cause severe cicatrisation. PMID- 6546296 TI - Effects of 1 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites of cholecalciferol on intestinal radiocalcium absorption in goats. AB - Intestinal absorption of 47Ca was measured by a double-isotope technique in goats treated with 1, 5 or 25 micrograms of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3). The effects of giving 1,25(OH)2D3 by intravenous (iv) infusion for 30-36 h were compared at each dose level with the effects obtained by oral administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 either in ethanol or protected against rumen degradation in fatty acid pellets. Dose-dependent increments in absorption followed the treatments, with a doubling of absorption at the 1 microgram dose and three- to fivefold increases with the 5 and 25 micrograms doses. 47Ca absorption was equally stimulated 2 and 6 d after treatment but had returned to pretreatment levels 12-14 d after treatment. Intravenous and protected oral administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 stimulated 47Ca absorption to the same extent, in spite of two- to fivefold higher plasma concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 after iv treatment. Somewhat lower increments in 47Ca absorption were seen using ethanol as the vehicle for oral administration. The naturally occurring metabolites 1,24(R),25-trihydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25(S),26-trihydroxycholecalciferol had only one-tenth to one-fifteenth the potency of 1,25(OH)2D3 in stimulating 47Ca absorption, while synthetic 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol appeared to be twice as effective as 1,25(OH)2D3 when tested at a high (10 micrograms) dose. PMID- 6546297 TI - The role of sialic acid in the activation of platelets by wheat germ agglutinin. AB - Sialic acid is believed to play a critical role in the survival of blood platelets in circulation. Wheat germ agglutinin, which shows specificity for sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylgalactosamine, strongly activates platelets. The role of sialic acid in platelet activation by this lectin was studied utilizing neuraminidase-treated platelets and the succinylated lectin that has been reported not to recognize sialic acid. The succinylated lectin had a dimeric structure similar to the native lectin, but migrated more slowly in gel electrophoresis. The modified lectin bound to about 2.8 X 10(5) sites/cell, with an apparent dissociation constant of 2 microM compared to 5 X 10(5) sites/cell and a dissociation constant of 0.4 microM for the native lectin. The succinylated lectin neither aggregated nor agglutinated platelets, but agglutination of red cells in microtiter plates was normal. Aggregation of platelets by either wheat germ agglutinin or ristocetin was not affected by the succinylated lectin. Since the native wheat germ agglutinin is a strong activator of platelets and the succinylated derivative was devoid of all activity, it appears that a sialoprotein acts as the biologic receptor of wheat germ agglutinin in human platelets. This suggestion was strengthened by the observation that platelets treated with different concentrations of neuraminidase had a decreased capacity to bind this lectin. These platelets also showed reduced aggregation and serotonin secretion when activated with the native lectin. Since sialic acid has been implicated in the removal of platelets from circulation, wheat germ agglutinin may prove to be a useful tool to explore those clinical conditions in which platelet survival is shortened. PMID- 6546298 TI - Carminomycin. A new anthracycline analog in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - Twenty-two patients who had metastatic breast cancer previously treated with combination chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) or CMF with vincristine and prednisone, were treated with Carminomycin (carubicin) 20 mg/m2 body surface area by intravenous bolus injection once every 3 weeks. Of 21 evaluable patients, 1 patient achieved complete remission, 5 patients achieved partial responses, and 11 remained stable. Cases of acute drug toxicity included myelosuppression, phlebitis, and gastrointestinal symptoms; there were four cases of mild alopecia, which consisted of thinning of the scalp hair. There were three cases of biopsy-proven cardiomyopathy, contrary to previous reports from the United Soviet Socialist Republic, which indicated that this drug was relatively free of cardiotoxicity. The median duration of remission for responders was 23 weeks. It is believed that Carminomycin has significant activity against metastatic breast cancer and, because its side effects, especially nausea, vomiting, and alopecia, were considerably milder than those experienced with Adriamycin, further investigation of this drug is warranted. PMID- 6546299 TI - Hodgkin's disease in children. A ten-year experience in South Africa. AB - Twenty-seven children with Hodgkin's disease were treated with MVOPP (mustine, Velban [vinblastine], Oncovin [vincristine], procarbazine, prednisone) combination chemotherapy. All 11 children with Stage I or Stage II disease achieved complete remission and no relapses have occurred between 34 and 179 months of continuous follow-up. Of the 16 children with Stage III or Stage IV disease, two with partial remission and three nonresponding patients died with a median survival of 18 months. The remaining 11 (68%) achieved complete remission. Of these, 6 (55%) have relapsed with a median remission duration of 36 months; five have been retreated with MVOPP, and one with total nodal irradiation, and all achieved second complete remission. Three of the children have died of Hodgkin's disease, with a median survival of 55 months; one child died of acute myeloblastic leukemia while in remission; and one child remains disease-free off all therapy at 165 months; the sixth child treated with total nodal irradiation is disease-free at 166 months. The initial complete remission has been sustained in all 11 children with Stage I or Stage II Hodgkin's disease, suggesting that combination chemotherapy is an alternative to radiotherapy as the initial form of treatment in this group of individuals. PMID- 6546300 TI - The effect of postoperative and primary radiation therapy on delivered dose of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy in breast cancer. AB - The dose of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer may be an important factor in the success of the treatment program. In a retrospective analysis, the authors determined whether patients who were irradiated either postoperatively (N = 29) or as part of primary treatment (N = 13) received a lower dose of adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy than patients who were not irradiated (N = 42). The 84 evaluable patients received either cyclical or weekly CMF. Radiation therapy included the chest wall or breast and regional lymph nodes. The mean percentage of maximum chemotherapy dose delivered (59.9% versus 73.5%; P less than 0.001), mean percent prescribable or theoretical maximum dose (83.1% versus 91.3%; P less than 0.001), and mean leukocyte count (3.9 versus 4.5; P less than 0.01) during therapy were statistically significantly lower in irradiated patients. The lower delivered chemotherapy dose in irradiated patients was not related to the radiation dose to the thoracic spine. The authors conclude that radiation therapy to the chest wall or breast and regional lymph nodes reduces the dose of adjuvant CMF that can be delivered. PMID- 6546301 TI - Bone marrow metastases at diagnosis in children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma. A report from the intergroup rhabdomyosarcoma study. AB - Thirty children and adolescents with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) entered on IRS-1 in a 5-year period had bone marrow metastases (BMM) at diagnosis. BMM at diagnosis occurred in 30/103 patients (29%) with Clinical Group IV RMS. On the average, patients with BMM were older with more extremity primaries than other IRS-1 patients. Alveolar histology was present in 15/30 patients (50%) with BMM, compared to 19% on IRS-1. Eleven patients received vincristine, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide (VAC), while 19 patients received VAC with Adriamycin (ADR). The overall complete response (CR) rate was 60%. The median disease-free survival times by treatment were 17 weeks with VAC and 32 weeks for VAC + ADR (P greater than 0.10). Relapse from CR in Clinical Group IV patients with BMM occurred in 16/18 patients (89%) and was significantly higher than in 17/29 Clinical Group IV patients (59%) without BMM (P less than 0.035). BMM at diagnosis in children and adolescents with RMS is frequently associated with alveolar histology and is a poor prognostic sign. PMID- 6546302 TI - Induction of a high phagocytic capability in P388D1, a macrophage-like tumor cell line, by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] was shown to induce a high phagocytic capability in the macrophage-like murine tumor cell line P388D1. Induction of phagocytic capability by 1,25-(OH)2D3 was dose-dependent in the range of 0.2 to 5.0 ng/ml, required the continuous presence of the secosteroid in culture, and was reversible. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 was an effective inducer only at about 500 ng/ml, while 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was ineffective. The induction of the high phagocytic capability was neither accompanied by increased synthesis of lysozyme nor closely associated with an inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation. P388D1 cells bound (without ingestion) nonopsonized sheep erythrocytes (sheep RBC), and the binding increased in 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated cells. Fc-receptor-mediated binding of immunoglobulin G-coated sheep RBC was not modulated in 1,25-(OH)2D3-treated cells, but the cells acquired an Fc-receptor mediated phagocytic capability that was expressed only when preformed P388D1 sheep RBC rosettes were further exposed to immunoglobulin G. Several differentiation agents of myeloid leukemia cells (including dexamethasone) were not effective in inducing the high-phagocytic phenotype, while retinoic acid was very effective. Different myeloid or macrophage-like tumors (WEHI-265, J774.2, PU 5, and WEHI-3) were variable in their response to 1,25-(OH)2D3. PMID- 6546303 TI - Simultaneous determination of 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D from a single sample by dual-cartridge extraction. AB - With this dual-cartridge system we extract 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] from a single serum sample by using a nonpolar octadecylsilanol silica cartridge to adsorb the vitamin D metabolites and other nonpolar substances; the polar substances wash through the cartridge. The eluted material is then applied to a second alkylamine cartridge, which adsorbs the relatively polar hydroxylated metabolites; the less-polar substances are washed from the second cartridge. Elution from the second cartridge purifies and also separates 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D with analytical recoveries near 90%. The monohydroxyl metabolites are determined by "high-performance" liquid chromatography (HPLC); the dihydroxyl metabolites are further purified by HPLC and determined by radioreceptor assay according to established procedures. Mean (+/- SD) winter normal values (34 subjects of both sexes; blood drawn in mid April) were 18 +/- 5 micrograms/L for 25(OH)D and 25 +/- 7 ng/L for 1,25(OH)2D. In nine laboratory volunteers, the mean increase in the serum 25(OH)D3 value 5 h after ingestion of 50 micrograms of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (Calderol) was 9 (SD 4) micrograms/L. PMID- 6546304 TI - Computer software design for pediatric practice. A modular approach. AB - Practical applications for using computers in everyday medical practice have not kept pace with the technical developments that now make this tool available to the pediatric practitioner. A modular approach to user-developed applications software is presented as a model for computerizing the pediatric office. Benefits have included lower cost, greater data reliability and validity, standardization of office and medical procedures, and automation of jobs formerly requiring much personnel time. Some patient services have improved, and other new services have become possible, through the application of computer software designed in accordance with our practice philosophy. PMID- 6546305 TI - Spinal fluid kinetics of morphine and heroin. AB - Nine patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were given either 2 mg diamorphine or 2.5 mg morphine by intrathecal injection. Spinal fluid (sf) samples were collected over 25 min and drug concentrations measured by HPLC. Concentrations in sf were about 4000 times as great as after 1 mg/kg IV morphine. The kinetic properties of morphine and heroin in sf differed; diamorphine was removed from sf much more rapidly than morphine. Lipophilic opiates may be safer for intrathecal use because of the shorter life of substantial drug concentrations in the mobile sf phase. PMID- 6546306 TI - The relationship of membrane fluidity to calcium flux in chick intestinal brush border membranes. AB - To evaluate whether membrane fluidity plays a role in regulating calcium flux across the intestinal brush border, we purified brush border membranes from different regions of the chick intestine and determined the relationship of their ability to transport calcium and their fluidity parameters, as determined by diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization. Raising the temperature from 4 to 37 C resulted in a 3-fold increase in calcium accumulation by duodenal brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV; 2.85 to 8.70 nmol/mg protein X 12 min). This rise in temperature was associated with a decrease in degree of polarization from 0.395 to 0.290. The methyl esters of cis- and trans-vaccenic acid markedly increased calcium uptake at all temperatures studied (4, 25, and 37 C); the trans isomer was more effective. Both cis- and trans-vaccenic acid lowered the degree of polarization of the BBMV from 0.340 to 0.311 and 0.293, respectively, at 25 C. cis- and trans-vaccenic acid were effective whether BBMV were prepared from vitamin D-deficient chicks or their hatchmates given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D]. The ability to accumulate calcium correlated to the degree of polarization when calcium uptake by and degree of polarization of BBMV prepared from duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were compared at 25 C. The duodenal BBMV had the greatest calcium accumulation (9.4 nmol Ca/mg protein X 10 min) and the lowest degree of polarization (0.336); the ileal BBMV had the least calcium accumulation (3.5 nmol Ca/mg protein X 10 min) and the greatest degree of polarization (0.375); and the jejunal BBMV were intermediate (8.2 nmol Ca/mg protein X 10 min; 0.344). This rank order was the same whether the intestine was from vitamin D-deficient chicks or their hatchmates given 1,25-(OH)2D before they were killed. 1,25-(OH)2D stimulated calcium uptake by duodenal and jejunal BBMV, reaching a maximal effect at 4 h, but no changes in degree of polarization were observed during this period. A plot of the degree of polarization as a function of the reciprocal of absolute temperature showed an inflection point at approximately 25 C. Neither the slope of the plot nor the point of the inflection was altered by 1,25-(OH)2D. We conclude that chick intestinal BBMV membrane fluidity and calcium uptake correlate in relation to the effects of temperature, changes in membrane lipids, and regional differences in the intestine. However, 1,25-(OH)2D stimulates calcium uptake by BBMV without a detectable change in membrane fluidity. PMID- 6546307 TI - Characteristics of Rickettsia mooseri infection of normal and immune mice. AB - Rickettsia mooseri infection initiated by subcutaneous injection has been studied in BALB/c mice with the objective of developing a model for the study of immune mechanisms. Characterization of infection included the following: measurement of the replication, dissemination, and clearance of rickettsiae; measurement of correlates of the immune response, including humoral antibody, hypersensitivity to subcutaneously inoculated rickettsial antigen, and activation of nonspecific macrophage microbicidal capacity; and measurement of resistance to a second homologous challenge. Local infection at the site of subcutaneous injection progressed through day 5 and was controlled by day 7. Systemic infection as determined by the presence of rickettsiae in spleen was first detected on day 7 and progressed through day 14; however, rickettsiae persisted in this organ at reduced numbers through at least day 28. Control of the local infection at the site of subcutaneous injection occurred at about the time humoral antibodies and hypersensitivity reactions to subcutaneously injected rickettsial antigens became demonstrable and was paralleled by a capacity to resist homologous subcutaneous challenge at a site distant from that of the primary infection. Systemic infection progressed in spite of this acquired immune capacity and was controlled in the spleen in parallel with the development of enhanced macrophage microbicidal capacity in the liver. The results show that an acquired immunity is capable of restricting rickettsial growth at subcutaneous sites at a time when rickettsiae are increasing in titer in deep organs. PMID- 6546308 TI - Specific binding of a bacteriophage at a hydrocarbon-water interface. AB - Emulsan, the extracellular polyanionic emulsifying agent produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1, has been implicated as a receptor for a specific virulent RAG-1 bacteriophage, ap3. Aqueous solutions of emulsan did not interfere with phage ap3 adsorption to RAG-1 cells. However, binding of phage ap3 occurred at the interfaces of hexadecane-in-water emulsions specifically stabilized by emulsan polymers. Binding of ap3 to emulsions was inhibited either in the presence of anti-emulsan antibodies or in the presence of a specific emulsan depolymerase. Moreover, when the phage was first bound to emulsan stabilized emulsions and the emulsions subsequently treated with emulsan depolymerase, viable phage was released, indicating that phage ap3 DNA ejection was not triggered by binding. The results indicate that emulsan functions as the ap3 receptor and suggest that to function as a receptor, emulsan assumes a specific conformation conferred on it by its specific interaction with hydrophobic surfaces. PMID- 6546310 TI - Renal tubular acidosis does not alter circulating values of calcitriol. AB - In 10 patients with renal tubular acidosis, seven with type I and three with Fanconi syndrome, simultaneous measurements of vitamin D metabolites and electrolytes were made. No marked abnormalities of calcidiol2, calcidiol3, 24,25(OH)2D, or calcitriol were found in these patients, whose mean serum HCO3 was 18 +/- 3 mM/L (SD). Further, no relationship between serum HCO3 and calcitriol could be found. These results suggest that either vitamin D deficiency may be required before any alterations in the production of calcitriol are seen, or that the effects of acidosis in animals may not be reflected in humans. Further, it appears less likely that the bone disease found in renal tubular acidosis is related to abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism resulting from systemic acidosis, but that bone disease is more likely related to the acidosis and hypercalcuria prevalent in this disorder. PMID- 6546311 TI - Chlamydial infections in pediatrics: not for babies only. PMID- 6546309 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis: important relationships to race, contraception, lower genital tract infection, and Papanicolaou smear. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis is a common cause of sexually transmitted disease in adolescent girls. Of 366 adolescent patients screened, 15.3% were found to have chlamydial endocervical infections, with an infection rate of 23.3% in blacks, 14.3% in Hispanics, and 10.3% in whites (P = 0.01, excess for blacks). Of Chlamydia-positive patients, 63.6% had a diagnosis of lower genital tract infection, compared with 35.4% of Chlamydia-negative patients (P = 0.004). Oral contraceptive users had a higher prevalence of infection (23.8%) compared with those using a barrier method (16.2%) or with nonusers (9.3%) (P = 0.004). Inflammatory changes on Papanicolaou smears were associated with chlamydial infection (P = 0.0001). Other variables identified as risk factors for chlamydial infection included both a younger age at first intercourse (P = 0.02) and more years of sexual activity (P = 0.02). Chronologic, menarchal, and gynecologic age, biologic age of the cervix, the number of sexual partners in the last month and during a lifetime, and parity were not found to be associated with recovery of Chlamydia. PMID- 6546312 TI - High-frequency ventilation. PMID- 6546314 TI - Office use of microcomputers now extends into clinical realm. PMID- 6546313 TI - A multistate outbreak of infections caused by Yersinia enterocolitica transmitted by pasteurized milk. AB - In June and July 1982, a large interstate outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica infections caused by an unusual serotype occurred in Tennessee, Arkansas, and Mississippi. Eighty-six percent of cases had enteritis characterized by fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. In three separate case-control studies, drinking milk pasteurized by plant A was statistically associated with illness. In a survey of randomly chosen households, 8.3% of persons who recalled having drunk milk from plant A during the suspect period experienced a yersiniosislike illness. Inspection of the plant and cultures of the available raw and pasteurized milk did not reveal the source or mechanism of contamination or a breach in normal pasteurizing technique. Although outbreaks of enteric disease caused by pasteurized milk are rare in the United States, the ability of Y enterocolitica to grow in milk at refrigeration temperatures makes pasteurized milk a possible vehicle for virulent Y enterocolitica. The extent to which milk is responsible for sporadic cases of yersiniosis is unknown. PMID- 6546315 TI - Treatment of sexual transmitted diseases. PMID- 6546316 TI - Comparison of lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio, fluorescence polarization, and phosphatidylglycerol in the amniotic fluid in the prediction of respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The significance of the lecithin sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio as a determining factor in fetal lung maturity is well established. An L:S ratio of greater than 2.0 to 2.5 is indicative of fetal lung maturity in most assays. The fluorescence polarization method (fluorescence polarization less than 0.320) has been associated with fetal lung maturity. The presence of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid has been related to fetal lung maturity and the absence of respiratory distress syndrome. Amniotic fluid samples from 235 amniocentesis procedures and vaginal pool collection at varying gestational ages were analyzed for L:S ratio, fluorescence polarization, and phosphatidylglycerol. All samples with meconium or hemolyzed blood contamination and selected complications of pregnancy were removed from the study. A positive result will predict the absence of respiratory distress syndrome, and a negative result will predict the presence of respiratory distress syndrome. Correlation of L:S ratio, fluorescence polarization, and phosphatidylglycerol were favorable. False-positive results in three (3.3%) fluorescence polarization samples were noted, whereas there were none (0%) in the L:S ratio sample and one (1%) in the phosphatidylglycerol sample. Twenty-four (77.4%), 28 (73.7%), and 37 (77%) were the number of false negatives in the fluorescent polarization, L:S ratio, and phosphatidylglycerol samples. Fluorescence polarization, L:S ratio, and presence of phosphatidylglycerol compare favorably as fetal lung maturity tests. The prediction of respiratory distress syndrome is as sensitive with the three modalities. The specificity and the predictive value of a positive test is more favorable with L:S ratio and phosphatidylglycerol. PMID- 6546317 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis isolation in a symptomatic university student population. AB - In a study of 638 women attending a University Student Health Service outpatient gynecologic clinic, their symptoms were either lower genital tract infection or a history of suspected exposure to sexually transmitted diseases. Forty-two (6.6%) harbored Chlamydia trachomatis, four (0.8%) Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and one (0.2%) both of these organisms. Chlamydia-positive patients were more likely to be using a contraceptive method, have multiple partners, and have partners with symptoms of urethritis (P = .05). The Chlamydia-positive patients were no more likely to have increased or abnormal vaginal discharge than were controls. Of the women harboring Chlamydia trachomatis, only one of 36 (3%) of those who were available for follow-up at one to eight weeks posttreatment was still infected with the organism. PMID- 6546318 TI - [Urologic implications of colpitis]. PMID- 6546319 TI - Effects of marginal hypoxemia on recovery from oxygen-induced retinopathy in the kitten model. AB - Prolonged oxygen administration in premature infants is the most predictive variable for severe retinopathy of prematurity, after degree of prematurity itself. It was noted that infants receiving prolonged oxygen supplementation are probably hypoxemic relative to their healthy counterparts. Therefore, hypoxemia during recovery from a hyperoxic-induced retinal vascular injury was tested in the kitten model of oxygen-induced retinopathy. Twelve litters were exposed to 80% inspired O2 for 65 hours on day 3, and recovered in room air, 13% or 17% oxygen. The retinas were scored at 4 weeks, and 13% oxygen recovery (PO2 = 39 +/- 18 torr) was found to worsen significantly the retinopathy compared with that in room air-recovered littermates (P less than .01). Hemorrhages occurred more frequently in the retinas from the hypoxemic-recovered kittens. Clinical trials of this hypothesis are indicated in humans. PMID- 6546320 TI - A system for individualized dosing of intravenous aminophylline using a programmable calculator. AB - A program that calculates a value of clearance for an individual patient prior to reaching steady state in the early stages of aminophylline therapy is presented. The program is written for the Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator and may be used with or without the PC-100C printer. The program can provide clinically useful information concerning projected plasma concentrations prior to reaching steady state with an accurate history of the dose administration and serum concentration determination. If the patient has not received xanthene therapy prior to admission, only one serum sample is required. If there has been prior drug exposure, a second serum sample is required. An iterative technique, which would be impractical to use without calculator assistance, is employed to make these determinations. PMID- 6546321 TI - Efficacy of a programmed calculator for constant-infusion medication calculations. AB - A program for calculation of constant-infusion vasoactive medications on a hand held programmable calculator was evaluated in terms of accuracy and time saved v conventional means of calculation. All groups, with the exception of the pharmacists, showed a statistically significant improvement in accuracy and time saved when using the programmable calculator. These results indicate that use of the programmable calculator may significantly save time and reduce errors on dose calculation of potentially dangerous drugs in pediatric and neonatal intensive care units. PMID- 6546322 TI - A computer-assisted radiologic reporting system. AB - The patient registration and interpretation/reporting modules of a computer assisted radiologic reporting system are described. Entries may be made at several levels of complexity, using bar codes or keyboard input. Several functions allow convenient access to the database. Output may be reformatted without programmer intervention via a maintenance file. The system allowed improved turnaround time, reduced costs, and better understanding of work patterns. PMID- 6546323 TI - Analyzing nonlinear scatchard plots. PMID- 6546324 TI - Completely cartilaginous trachea in a child with Crouzon syndrome. AB - We describe a patient with Crouzon syndrome and congenital tracheal stenosis. The trachea lacked rings and was completely cartilaginous, making it rigid and narrow. The respiratory difficulties that are present in patients with Crouzon syndrome have been ascribed to the nasal or choanal defects that are associated with this condition. However, the presence of congenital tracheobronchial abnormalities as a cause of respiratory problems has not been widely investigated. Congenital tracheal stenosis may occur as an isolated defect or as one of many other congenital defects. In patients with Crouzon syndrome who have recurrent respiratory problems, congenital tracheal or bronchial defects should be considered since surgical intervention may correct the defect. PMID- 6546325 TI - Deficient lung surfactant apoproteins in amniotic fluid with mature phospholipid profile from diabetic pregnancies. AB - An enzyme-linked immunoassay to quantitate lung surfactant apoproteins (15 to 250 ng/ml) in human amniotic fluid is described. The immunoassay was used to quantify lung surfactant in 72 samples of amniotic fluid, for which lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios, lecithin and phosphatidylglycerol concentrations, and foam stability indices were also available. The results obtained with the immunoassay were in general agreement with those of the other methods. Measurement of the apoproteins, however, may be a better predictor of fetal lung immaturity and of respiratory distress syndrome than the L/S ratio and the concentration of lecithin. This conclusion is based on the data obtained in the analyses of samples of amniotic fluid from four diabetic and five nondiabetic pregnancies, the infants of which developed respiratory distress. In all cases, the apoprotein concentration was less than 2.1 micrograms/ml, which indicated fetal lung immaturity. In six of these cases (one diabetic and five nondiabetic pregnancies), lung immaturity was also predicted on the basis of other tests. However, in three other cases of diabetic pregnancy, the L/S ratio and lecithin concentration falsely indicated lung maturity. In addition to its being an effective predictor of fetal lung maturity in diabetic, as well as nondiabetic, pregnancies, the immunoassay is better suited for clinical use because of its high specificity, sensitivity, and ease of performance. PMID- 6546326 TI - Comparison of the effects of pancuronium and atracurium on the lower esophageal sphincter. AB - The effects of pancuronium and atracurium on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) were studied in 24 healthy patients anesthetized with 0.5% halothane in 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. After pancuronium (0.1 mg X kg-1) given intravenously there was a significant increase in LESP from a control value of 36 +/- 4.0 cm H2O to 50 +/- 4.6 cm H2O at 1 min. This produced an increase in barrier pressure (BRP) from 26 +/- 3.7 cm H2O to 41 +/- 4.3 cm H2O. These changes were sustained for 5 min accompanied by a significant increase in arterial pressure and heart rate. Atracurium (0.6 mg X kg-1) had no cardiovascular effects and produced little changes in either LESP or BRP. The findings of this study suggest that pancuronium may be of benefit in a rapid sequence induction. PMID- 6546327 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with increased serum calcitriol levels in three patients with lymphoma. AB - A radioreceptor assay for serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol) was used to screen patients with hypercalcemia of malignancy. Three patients with non Hodgkin's lymphoma and hypercalcemia (serum Ca, 12.0, 13.4, and 13.0 mg/dL, respectively) had increased serum calcitriol levels (56, 72, and 77 pg/mL, respectively; normal, less than 50 pg/mL). Elevated levels of calcitriol, an active vitamin D metabolite, occurred in the presence of significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance, 8 to 19 mL/min) and relative parathyroid suppression (serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, 17 to 39 microL-eq/mL; mean value in end-stage renal disease, 182 +/- 39 microL-eq/mL). Hypercalcemia and excessive serum calcitriol levels responded to glucocorticosteroid therapy. In two patients, the hypercalcemia and increased serum calcitriol level were related to a tumor, but not to the serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level. Fractional intestinal 47Ca absorption, measured in one patient, was increased (0.94; normal, less than 0.61) and varied directly with the serum calcitriol level. No patient had evidence of sarcoidosis. Hypercalcemia associated with certain lymphomas may be caused by the increased synthesis of calcitriol by lymphoma cells. PMID- 6546328 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis urethral infections in men. Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical manifestations. AB - Twelve percent of 596 men presenting to a sexually transmitted disease clinic had positive urethral cultures for Chlamydia trachomatis, and 53% had microimmunofluorescent antibody to chlamydia. Prevalence of C. trachomatis urethral infection was greater in heterosexual than homosexual men (14% versus 5%; p less than 0.01), in men under 20 years of age, and in blacks. Only 10% of men with gonococcal urethral infection lacked symptoms or signs of urethritis, whereas nearly 25% of men with C. trachomatis urethral infection had no signs and symptoms, 33% lacked abnormal numbers of leukocytes on urethral Gram stain, and 50% were identified and treated solely on the basis of a screening culture. The number of newly diagnosed cases found by screening cultures was 1.3 per 100 cultures for gonorrhea but 5.5 per 100 for chlamydial infection. Clinicians appropriately treated 91% of men with gonococcal urethritis on their initial visit before culture results were available versus only 51% of men with chlamydial urethral infection. Asymptomatic urethral infections in men eventually contribute to chlamydial infections in women, and culture screening for their detection appears warranted in high-risk populations. PMID- 6546329 TI - Vitamin D conversion by sarcoid lymph node homogenate. AB - Recent studies suggest that hypercalcemia of sarcoidosis is due to high blood concentrations of calcitriol and that this compound may be synthesized at an extra-renal site. We report that sarcoid lymph node homogenate metabolized calcifediol to a substance indistinguishable from calcitriol, whereas six nonsarcoid lymph nodes failed to produce this compound. PMID- 6546330 TI - Cytogenetics and cancer. AB - When present, chromosome abnormalities can contribute useful information for tumor diagnosis and prognosis. However, the existence of diploid tumor cells indicates that such abnormalities are not necessary in tumors. Their time of appearance, sometimes preceding or predisposing to tumor and sometimes occurring late in disease, also suggests that chromosomal events are not critical. Rather, they should be considered as markers of the underlying and essential gene changes. The great frequency of chromosome aberrations in human tumors probably reflects two roles: (1) they provide an efficient means to effect a multiplicity of gene changes, and (2) they permit rapid cellular evolution. PMID- 6546331 TI - Hormone receptors in breast cancer. Analytic accuracy of contemporary assays. AB - When powders of human breast carcinomas were assayed by an unselected group of laboratories, there was 90% to 98% concurrence in estrogen and progesterone receptor results. While these results demonstrate room for improvement in assay technique, it is clear that the variability due to the analysis does not exceed the variability of the clinical course and the clinical assessment of the conditions of patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6546332 TI - Clinical response to hormone therapy correlated with estrogen receptor analyses. Biochemical v histochemical methods. AB - Estrogen receptor (ER) analysis by sucrose density gradient analysis (SDGA) was compared with histochemical localization of estrogen binding using 6-carbomethoxy bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanode-estradiol (E2-6-CMO-BSA-FITC) (6FE), 17-thiosemicarbozene-BSA-FITC-estrogen (E-17-TSC-BSA-FITC) (17FE), and polyestradiol phosphate-antiestradiol antibody-FITC (PEP) on serial frozen sections of metastatic breast cancer lesions from 72 patients treated with hormonal therapy. A comparison of assays to clinical responses gave the following sensitivities: ER-SDGA, 90%; 6FE, 50%; 17FE, 55%; and PEP, 58%. Specificities were as follows: ER-SDGA, 81%; 6FE, 47%; 17FE, 41%; and PEP, 59%. The SDGA gave the highest predictive value for clinical response, while the predictive value for each of the three histologic techniques approximated that predicted by chance alone. These selected histochemical techniques for ER localization, despite impressive cytologic localization patterns, therefore, do not correlate with clinical response. PMID- 6546333 TI - Elastosis in human breast cancer. Correlation with sex steroid receptors and comparison with clinical outcome. AB - Elastosis in human breast cancer has been compared with various prognostic indicators, but few studies have compared elastosis directly with prognosis. We examined 100 primary breast cancers for estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content, tumor grade, and extent of elastosis and compared these data with clinical follow-up in 71 patients. The ER content was greater than 10 femtomoles (fmole) per milligram of protein in 68% of tumors, while PR content was greater than 10 fmole/mg of protein in 48%. Histologic study showed that 22% of the tumors were grade 1, 28% were grade 2, and 50% were grade 3. Grade 2 or grade 3 elastosis was seen in 36% of the tumors and grade 0 or grade 1 elastosis was seen in 64%. There was a negative correlation between tumor grade and elastosis grade and a positive correlation between ER content and elastosis grade. Elastosis grade and PR content did not correlate. A significant positive correlation existed between lymph node positivity and elastosis. No significant direct relationship between elastosis and tumor recurrence could be demonstrated once lymph node status was accounted for. Tumor elastosis correlates with histologic grade, receptor content, and lymph node involvement but does not appear to be a direct marker of prognosis. PMID- 6546334 TI - Calcospherites in pituitary prolactinomas. A hypothesis for their formation. AB - Calcospherites are being reported with increasing frequency in pituitary prolactinomas. Ultrastructural study of such a case, along with the recent characterization of the molecular composition of prolactin granules, has led us to hypothesize that a unique intracellular milieu exists in which calcification can be initiated and can proceed to calcospherite formation. PMID- 6546335 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and male infertility. AB - Four patients suffering from oligospermia and infertility were found to have slightly to moderately elevated serum prolactin levels consistently. Their testicular biopsy specimens showed varying degrees of impairment of spermatogenesis ranging from hypospermatogenesis to complete absence of germ cells. The usual known causes of hyperprolactinemia, such as pituitary or suprasellar tumors, hypothyroidism, intake of certain medications that deplete the dopamine levels of the hypothalamus or block the action of dopamine on the pituitary, were absent. These patients are described in view of recent clinical and experimental reports implicating hyperprolactinemia as a cause of male infertility. PMID- 6546336 TI - Myocarditis caused by Trichinella spiralis. PMID- 6546337 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis proctitis. PMID- 6546338 TI - Papillary eccrine adenoma. AB - An example of papillary eccrine adenoma was seen. This benign cutaneous tumor has a diagnostic microscopic appearance that consists of multiple ducts lined by two or more layers of cells. The inner layer often forms one or multiple papillae of variable complexity. The stroma consists of patches of loosely arranged spindled cells and areas of hyalinized collagen. The latter often forms bands about the ducts. In addition to the foregoing, we observed focal squamous differentiation, clear cell change, connection of ducts to the epidermis, and prominent nerves within the stroma. Papillary eccrine adenoma also has several characteristic clinical features. The tumors are firm or hard nodules, frequently of many years' duration, and a large proportion are situated on the extremities of black persons. PMID- 6546339 TI - Platelet dysfunction in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. AB - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia occurred in an adolescent. There was considerable bleeding despite only moderate thrombocytopenia, and both platelet structure and platelet function were abnormal. To our knowledge, platelet dysfunction has only once been documented in this acute leukemia, although in other leukemias with megakaryocytic predominance, notable bleeding has been observed in the absence of thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6546340 TI - Overlap index. An alternative to sensitivity and specificity in comparing the Utility of a laboratory test. AB - The utility of a laboratory test for differential diagnosis depends on the degree that test results for different disease states overlap. I developed a new overlap index that ranges from zero, for an ideal test with no overlap, to one if the median test result is the same for the two disease states. The index does not depend on defining a normal range or estimating the percentage of observations that lie outside of the normal range. For these reasons it is superior to sensitivity and specificity for comparing laboratory tests, particularly if only limited test data are available. PMID- 6546341 TI - Histiocytic hemophagocytosis in Q fever. PMID- 6546342 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis and pulmonary cancer. PMID- 6546343 TI - Chorangiosis. An important placental sign of neonatal morbidity and mortality. AB - Chorangiosis is a placental change that has not been studied, to my knowledge, by investigators who publish in English. It occurs rarely in normal pregnancies. Each year, however, more than 30,000 neonates in the United States die within the first 28 days of life. Of 1,350 singleton newborns hospitalized in a regional neonatal intensive care unit, 74 (5%) had chorangiosis. One hundred thirty-four informational items of clinical, placental, and autopsy data were evaluated with a computer program written in Microsoft Basic. Depending on the gestational age of the population studied and the severity of the chorangiosis, the incidences of neonatal death and major congenital malformations were as high as 39% and 42%, respectively. Detailed findings introduce question of etiologic association with gestational diabetes, toxemia of pregnancy, and placental infection. PMID- 6546344 TI - A necropsy study of distribution of petechiae in non-sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The distribution of visceral petechiae in patients whose deaths were caused by upper airway obstruction and disorders other than sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has not been systematically studied. The clinical and necropsy records and microscopic slides of 50 such cases were retrospectively reviewed. In cases in which the cause of death could reasonably be ascribed to lethal upper airway occlusion, petechiae were found only in thoracic viscera. When death was apparently not preceded by terminal changes in intrathoracic pressure, petechiae were found in viscera above and below the diaphragm. These findings suggest that intrathoracic petechiae occur as a consequence of pressure changes within the chest and indirectly support the hypothesis that the terminal mechanism in SIDS is upper airway obstruction. PMID- 6546345 TI - The microscopic distribution of intrathoracic petechiae in sudden infant death syndrome. AB - The microscopic distribution of thoracic visceral petechiae in 100 consecutive victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) was retrospectively analyzed. Thymic and cardiac petechiae were more numerous near their surfaces than in the central parenchyma, suggesting that abnormal intrathoracic pressure changes were important in their pathogenesis. Low intrathoracic pressures may have preferentially distended, to the point of rupture, the outer rather than central microvasculature of these two organs. The distribution of pulmonary petechiae in association with lung congestion and edema indicated left ventricular failure. Low intrathoracic pressures generated by breathing against an occluded airway could have caused heart failure by increasing the afterload and decreasing the compliance of the left ventricle. These petechiae occur in more than 80% of SIDS cases, suggesting that abnormal intrathoracic pressure, perhaps caused by breathing against an obstructed airway, is a common terminal event. PMID- 6546346 TI - Postmortem examination of infant brains. Techniques for removal, fixation, and sectioning. AB - We developed a method of handling infant brains to preserve their three dimensional structure. It includes new techniques for removing, fixing, and sectioning these brains. Such an approach to brain examination is important in light of changes in obstetric practice. PMID- 6546347 TI - Clostridium difficile peritonitis in a neonate. A case report. AB - We describe a case of fatal peritonitis due to Clostridium difficile in a neonate. Although the patient had several clinical features that were compatible with the diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis, examination of the bowel at laparotomy disclosed that a mesenteric band caused the patient's underlying disease. Postmortem histopathologic tests revealed gram-positive rods in the wall of the small intestine. Clostridium difficile was the only organism recovered from an antemortem culture of peritoneal fluid and was also recovered from a postmortem blood culture. PMID- 6546348 TI - Influence of oxygenated sterol compounds on phase transitions in model membranes. A study by differential scanning calorimetry. AB - A marked influence of oxygenated sterol compounds (OSC: 7 alpha-, 7 beta-, and 25 hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholestanol) on the reversible gel to liquid crystalline phase transition behavior of cholesterol-free and cholesterol containing model membranes is evidenced by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. Liposomes of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were chosen as model membranes. Each of the investigated OSC exerts an individual influence on the phase transition of DPPC liposomes, which expresses itself in the temperature range, the corresponding enthalpy, and the peak shape of calorimetric curves. The onset temperature of the phase transition is lowered in the following range of effectiveness: 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol greater than 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol greater than 7-ketocholestanol greater than cholesterol. The mutual presence of cholesterol and of OSC leads to the following order: 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol approximately equal to 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol greater than 7-ketocholestanol greater than cholesterol (without OSC) greater than 25-hydroxycholesterol. The enthalpy of the phase transition is decreased with increasing content of cholesterol, 7 alpha- or 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol, or 7-ketocholestanol. At a concentration of about 10 mol % of the latter three OSC, the corresponding enthalpy value of the transition is lowered from 9.1 kcal/mol for pure DPPC to about 7.5 kcal/mol, whereas 10 mol % cholesterol lowers the enthalpy value to 7.0 kcal/mol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546350 TI - Ultrasonic evidence for structural relaxation in large unilamellar liposomes. AB - The ultrasonic absorption of large unilamellar vesicles (average diameter 0.2 micron) was determined in the frequency range 0.5-5 MHz. The liposomes were composed of a 4:1 mixture by weight of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylglycerol. They were studied with and without cholesterol or gramicidin incorporated into the bilayer. A large increase in absorption occurs at the solid to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature (42 degrees C) of the pure lipid vesicles. This increase in absorption is interpreted as a structural relaxation of the 'melting' fatty acid chains occurring with an average relaxation time of 76 ns. The liposomes were also found to be extremely permeable near the transition temperature. Essentially complete release of cytosine arabinoside, a small water-soluble molecule, occurred at 42 degrees C. Addition of cholesterol or gramicidin to the bilayer of the liposomes broadened the ultrasonic absorption and reduced the efflux of cytosine arabinoside at the phase transition. No increase in absorption was observed at the transition temperature in the presence of 50 mol% of cholesterol. Gramicidin, in addition to broadening the transition, slows the isomerization of bonds in the hydrocarbon chains of the lipids. A concentration of 5 mol% gramicidin increased the average relaxation time to 211 ns. PMID- 6546349 TI - Investigation of substrate specificity of creatine kinase using chromium (III) and cobalt(III) complexes of adenosine 5'-diphosphate. AB - The specificity for substrate binding to creatine kinase for metal-nucleotide complexes of the type Cr-(H2O)4-n(NH3)nADP (where n = 0, 3, or 4) and Co-(H2O)4 m(NH3)mADP (for m = 3 or 4) has been investigated over the pH range 5.5-7.8 with the delta-alpha, beta-bidentate diastereoisomers. These inert nucleotide complexes acted as competitive inhibitors vs. MgADP over this range. In addition, the pH dependence of the V, V/K, and Km values for MgADP has been determined. Metal-nucleotide binding to the enzyme is strongest below an approximate pK of 6.45 but again becomes pH independent above pH 7. This pK is not associated with the metal-nucleotide complex. Instead, we conclude that the pK of the acid-base catalyst (thought to be histidine) is about 6.45 in the absence of nucleotide but is raised to 7.2 in its presence. This perturbation of the pK may result from a protein conformational change that allows a hydrogen bond to form between the phosphorylated nitrogen of phosphocreatine and the acid-base catalyst. The pK of the water in Cr(H2O)(NH3)3ADP has been determined to be 6.6, and by comparison of the binding affinity of this complex with that of Cr(NH3)4ADP or Cr(H2O)4ADP, it can be deduced that the hydroxo species binds more strongly than the aquo complex. In general, chromium nucleotides are bound more strongly than cobalt complexes, and binding affinity increases as water replaces ammonia in the first coordination sphere of the metal. Both trends are a result of stronger hydrogen bond interactions between the metal complex and protein. PMID- 6546351 TI - Intracellular dye heterogeneity determined by fluorescence lifetimes. AB - The cellular localization of a fluorescent probe molecule depends on both the chemical structure of the dye and the cellular environment. To study the number and types of environments in an epithelial cell line, we have measured in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells the fluorescence lifetimes of three structurally distinct fluorescent dyes--rhodamine-B, 3,3'-dihexadecylindocarbocyanine-(C3) (diI), and Collarein-incorporated into these cells. The latter is a rhodamine cardiolipin conjugate that we designed and synthesized for the property of exclusive localization in the plasma membrane. The former two dyes required at least two exponential components to fit their fluorescence decay curves, while the decay of Collarein was characterized by a single exponential. These data are consistent with fluorescence microscopic observations, in which diI and rhodamine B exhibit heterogeneous spatial distributions, while Collarein appears to be located on the cell surface. PMID- 6546352 TI - [Effect of malignant tumors with various characteristics on the state of the estradiol receptor system in peripheral target organs]. AB - Experiments on 24 randombred rats with growing lymphosarcoma and mammary carcinoma have demonstrated alterations in steroid-producing function of the ovaries and adrenals and in the estradiol-receptor system. These alterations were found to be inconclusive and dependent on the characteristics of the growing tumor. In rats bearing lymphosarcoma, the reduced estradiol levels in the blood and ovaries were in agreement with a negligible number of cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors in the uterus, mammary glands and tumor. Rats with mammary carcinoma demonstrated an increase in estradiol levels in the blood, ovaries and adrenals and a dramatic fall in the blood progesterone level. In this case the number of cytoplasmic receptors in the uterus and mammary glands decreased, whereas that in the nucleus dramatically rose. The measurement of the number of estradiol molecules in the nucleus and cytoplasm and its correlation to the receptor number made it possible to reveal substantial differences between the estradiol-receptor systems in the two tumors regardless of the low level of receptors in both tumors. PMID- 6546353 TI - Listeria monocytogenes: a rare cause of mycotic aortic aneurysm. PMID- 6546355 TI - Role of prostitution in sexually transmitted disease. PMID- 6546354 TI - [3H]Pirenzepine identifies putative M1 muscarinic receptors in human stellate ganglia. AB - The specific binding of [3H]pirenzepine ( [3H]PZ) and [3H](-) quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H](-)QNB) was investigated in homogenates of human stellate ganglia. [3H]PZ saturation isotherms yielded a Kd of 14 nM and Bmax of 16.7 fmol/mg protein, while [3H](-)QNB binding curves yielded a Kd of 59 pM and Bmax of 33.0 fmol/mg protein. This represents the greatest proportion of high affinity [3H]PZ labeling, relative to [3H](-)QNB, seen in any peripheral tissue examined thus far. PMID- 6546356 TI - Sexually transmitted disease among homosexuals. AB - During the last 10 years the health care needs of homosexuals have been receiving increasing attention. However, in their attempts to provide health care to this group, physicians must be familiar with the various lifestyles of homosexuals and the types of infection to which they are susceptible. This paper summarizes the results of recent studies and proposes guidelines for the prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted disease among homosexuals. PMID- 6546357 TI - Application of aspiration biopsy cytology to lymphomas. AB - Fine needle aspiration diagnosis is a well established technique. However, its application to lymphomas has been quite limited. From September 1977 to January 1981, the Lymphoma Group at the CCABC performed 213 aspirates. Of the 213, 180 were considered to be diagnostically useful, with 33 being unsatisfactory or no action was taken. Of the 180 considered useful, 170 were positive, and prompted institution of therapy (84), provided guide to appropriate treatment (84), provided rapid solution to clinical situation (65), provided improved understanding of clinical situation (78), and prevented invasive procedure [minor (local anesthetic), 31; intermediate (general anesthetic), 88; major (laparotomy or thoracotomy), 18]. Ten negative results delayed therapy (3), led to unnecessary or inappropriate investigation (1), led to incorrect therapy, (4), and were a source of confusion (10). In most circumstances, the authors tried to avoid fine needle aspirations as the only basis for an initial diagnosis. In a previously diagnosed lymphoma, aspiration aided in staging, in confirming recurrence, in the diagnosis of new and unrelated malignancy or undiagnosed infection and in assessing the evolution of a lymphoma to a more aggressive form. Aspiration diagnosis was considered to be a useful adjunct in the care of patients with lymphoma and it is especially suited to use by a closely working team of clinicians, radiologists, and pathologists. PMID- 6546358 TI - Chemotherapy of advanced breast cancer. A general survey. AB - Most patients with locally advanced primary breast cancer and almost all patients with disseminated malignancy will ultimately die of their disease. Nevertheless, because breast cancer is one of the most responsive of the solid tumors to cytotoxic drugs, appropriately chosen chemotherapy can relieve symptoms and prolong survival. Adriamycin (doxorubicin) is the most effective among many useful single agents. Combination chemotherapy can augment responses with acceptable toxicity and, along with hormonal manipulation in selected situations, constitutes the standard of care for metastatic disease in 1983. In the interpretation of the clinical oncology literature, meticulous attention to prognostic factors and details of study design is necessary in order to assess the superiority of any particular regimen. Controlled clinical trials of various drug combinations and schedules are especially valuable. The use of an integrated clinical approach involving rational surgical, radiologic, and medical strategies in the management of locally advanced as well as metastatic breast cancer can provide not only meaningful palliation but prolonged disease-free survival for many patients with this common neoplasm. PMID- 6546359 TI - Comparison of melphalan with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil in patients with ovarian cancer. AB - Melphalan (L-PAM) was compared to (C) cyclophosphamide, (M) methotrexate, and (F) 5-fluorouracil (CMF) in 413 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. L-PAM was given 3.5 mg/m2 twice daily for 5 days every 5 weeks. CMF doses were: C, 400 mg/m2; M, 15 mg/m2; and F, 400 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8 every 28 days. Three hundred seventy-five patients have been analyzed (L-PAM, 190; CMF, 185). One hundred fifty-three patients (41%) had measurable disease, 109 (29%) had evaluable disease, and 113 (30%) had nonmeasurable, nonevaluable disease. Response rates for patients with measurable and evaluable disease combined were similar: L-PAM, 32/130 (24%) (15% complete response); CMF, 47/132 (35%) (18% complete response). Patients with Stage IV measurable disease had a greater response rate to CMF, 22/52 (42%) versus L-PAM, 6/39 (15%). Survival and time to treatment failure were similar for both treatment regimens. Survival was improved in responders. Medians are: complete response, 28.1 months; partial response, 12.3 months; and no response, 6.7 months. Disease stage, performance status and age were identified as important prognostic variables for both survival and time to treatment failure. PMID- 6546361 TI - Tibial plateau fractures. An analysis of the results of treatment in 60 patients. AB - Sixty patients with fractures of the tibial plateau were reviewed and assessed in terms of fracture type, treatment method, adequacy of reduction, immobilization time, associated ligamentous and meniscal injury, and overall result in an attempt to define factors important in the prediction of outcome. Comminuted bicondylar fractures (Type IV) were the most common (39%). Thirty-eight of the 60 fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation, and 22 were treated by closed methods. Overall, 75% of the patients had a satisfactory result. Ligamentous and meniscal injuries were treated surgically and did not influence the final outcome. The single most important factor in predicting outcome in a patient with a tibial plateau fracture was the adequacy of reduction. The method of achieving the reduction and the length of the immobilization period of the knee were not as crucial. A residual step of greater than 5 mm on the weight-bearing area was universally associated with an unsatisfactory result. PMID- 6546360 TI - Decrease of peripheral large granular lymphocytes in Graves' disease. AB - Peripheral large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were enumerated in normal subjects and patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. In normal subjects, the percentage of LGL was significantly lower in women (mean +/- s.d., 17.0 +/- 3.6%; n = 35; P less than 0.05) than in men (19.5 +/- 5.3%; n = 20). In untreated patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease (GD), both the percentage (11.5 +/- 2.7%; n = 12; P less than 0.001) and the absolute count (244 +/- 102/mm3; P less than 0.01) of LGL were significantly lower than those in normal women (17.0 +/- 3.6% and 334 +/ 122/mm3; n = 35). No significant differences from normal controls were observed in the percentages or absolute counts of LGL in patients with euthyroid GD under treatment or in euthyroid or hypothyroid patients with Hashimoto's disease (HD). The percentage of LGL was inversely correlated with the serum levels of T4 and T3 and the free T4 index, but not with the titre of anti-thyroid antibodies, the size of goitre or the degree of proptosis in the group of untreated patients with GD and HD. The decreased levels of LGL in thyrotoxic patients with GD may be related to the self-perpetuation of thyrotoxicosis in patients with this disease. PMID- 6546362 TI - The normal and regenerated meniscus in rabbits. Morphologic and histologic studies. AB - The chronologic development of normal and regenerated menisci in immature and adult rabbits, studied by gross, histologic, and histochemical means, revealed that grossly regenerated menisci were less glossy and smaller than normal, with blunt margins and firm attachments to the synovial membrane. The normal meniscus of five-week-old rabbits consisted of fibroblasts and fibrocytes without cartilage cells. In 12-week-old rabbits fibrocytes in the normal meniscus had been transformed into round or oval cells lying within lacunae, the halos of which stained with safranin O. In the typical regenerated meniscus fibrocartilage cells appeared 12 weeks after meniscectomy in young rabbits and 24 weeks after meniscectomy in adult rabbits. Cartilaginous transformation occurred infrequently and only in isolated areas of the meniscus. Cartilaginous transformation in regenerated menisci appeared in 10.6% of the knees in young rabbits and in 8.1% in adult rabbits. PMID- 6546363 TI - Peripheral gangrene associated with dopamine infusion in a child. PMID- 6546364 TI - Computers: do we need them now? PMID- 6546365 TI - Molluscum contagiosum. PMID- 6546366 TI - Condylomata acuminata. PMID- 6546367 TI - Common pitfalls in the diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. AB - To facilitate proper diagnosis of STDs, they must be considered as a diagnostic possibility in all sexually active patients. Whenever possible, appropriate laboratory tests must be performed to confirm a clinical diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is established, the physician can administer specific and adequate treatment. The physician should have a comprehensive up-to-date treatment schedule to select a recommended treatment. Such treatment schedules are available upon request from most municipal and state health departments. PMID- 6546368 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases: the national view. PMID- 6546369 TI - Current views of scabies and Pediculosis pubis. PMID- 6546370 TI - Guinea-pig casein A cDNA. Nucleotide sequence analysis and comparison of the deduced protein sequence with that of bovine alpha s2 casein. AB - The nucleotide sequence (1036 bases) of guinea-pig casein A mRNA has been determined. Two cDNA recombinant plasmids contained a total of 993 base pairs, including part of the 5' noncoding region, and the complete coding and 3' noncoding region. The remaining 5' noncoding sequence was obtained by primer extension. The deduced 223-amino-acid-coding sequence of guinea-pig pre-casein A exhibited 30% homology with bovine alpha s2 casein, the most striking similarities being in the locations of potential phosphorylation sites. PMID- 6546371 TI - Antisecretory activity of pirenzepine versus cimetidine in man: a controlled study. AB - Antisecretory effect of single oral therapeutic doses of pirenzepine (25 mg and 50 mg) and cimetidine (200 mg and 400 mg) was studied in 12 patients with duodenal ulcer. Gastric secretion was studied in basal condition and after stimulation with pentagastrin. Basal, maximum and peak acid output, basal and maximum acidity, and basal and maximum volume were calculated after computerised correction for pyloric loss and duodenal reflux. Both drugs showed dose-related inhibition of all facets of gastric secretion. Cimetidine (200 mg) had a greater inhibitory effect on gastric basal secretion, but a similar effect on pentagastrin stimulated secretion as with pirenzepine (50 mg). Cimetidine (400 mg) showed about twice the inhibitory activity of pirenzepine (50 mg) both on basal and stimulated secretion. PMID- 6546372 TI - Mullerian inhibiting substance inhibition of a human endometrial carcinoma cell line xenografted in nude mice. AB - Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a fetal testicular product which causes regression of the mullerian duct in the male mammalian embryo. This material has been partially purified from a neonatal bovine source and in cruder fractions has shown antitumor effects when tested against the HOC-21 ovarian carcinoma line in monolayer cytotoxicity, in soft agar colony inhibition assay, and in nude mouse xenografts. The glycoprotein used for the present studies was more highly purified by sequential ion exchange, carbohydrate affinity, and dye affinity chromatography. After a 1-hr exposure with 1.0 X 10(6) tumor cells prior to heterotransplantation, this more purified preparation with MIS biological activity as determined by organ culture assay of embryonic urogenital ridges delayed the appearance of palpable tumor nodules. That this response may be specific for tumors derived from the coelomic epithelium of the embryo is further supported by the absence of any antitumor effect when this substance was tested against the SW-48 colon carcinoma line. It is of interest that the antitumor activity followed the biological activity as the preparation was further purified to 30,000-fold. PMID- 6546373 TI - The diagnosis of knee injuries in casualty--a prospective study. AB - A prospective study of all knee injuries seen at a Casualty Department was organized. A clinical diagnosis was made in each case, based on standardized criteria, and the subsequent progress followed. Meniscal tears tended to be over diagnosed clinically. Many injuries thus classified settled in three to four weeks without further sequelae. Conversely, complete ligament tears were under diagnosed and in particular these tended to be missed in the presence of a haemarthrosis. Examination under anaesthesia is recommended if there is any doubt concerning ligamentous stability and all unexplained haemarthrosis should have early examination under anaesthesia and arthroscopy. Among those injuries initially regarded as less serious e.g. traumatic synovitis, no serious pathology subsequently emerged. PMID- 6546374 TI - Incarceration of the meniscus in fractures of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia in children. AB - Four cases of trapping of the meniscus in type II or III fractures of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia in children are reported. At operation the fragments could not be apposed until the meniscus had been lifted out of the fracture. In our opinion, if they had not been operated on these patients would have had persistent trouble in the knee, including non-union, loss of extension and laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament. We therefore recommend either operation for type II and type III lesions or arthroscopy. If the meniscus is trapped we suggest that it should be lifted out and the fragments apposed under arthroscopic control. PMID- 6546375 TI - Killing of Plasmodium yoelii by enzyme-induced products of the oxidative burst. AB - The murine malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii was killed in vitro when incubated with glucose and glucose oxidase, a system generating hydrogen peroxide, or with xanthine and xanthine oxidase, a system which produces the superoxide anion and subsequently other products of the oxidative burst. Catalase blocked the killing in both cases; superoxide dismutase and scavengers of hydroxyl radicals or singlet oxygen were ineffective in the xanthine oxidase system. Thus, hydrogen peroxide appears to be the main reactive oxygen species killing P. yoelii. PMID- 6546376 TI - Heterophile antibodies in sera of patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - Sera of 6 patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome and sera of their mothers were studied for heterophile antibodies. Sera of 5 patients as well as 5 sera of their mothers contained antibodies against trypsinized bovine erythrocytes, tissue sediments of guinea pig kidney or high molecular weight glycoprotein (HMWGP) of bovine erythrocyte stromata. The antibodies combining with HMWGP in enzyme immunoassay belonged to IgM and IgG classes. Although none of the sera had significant titer of agglutinins against sheep erythrocytes, on the basis of absorption and inhibition studies, these antibodies seemed to belong to the Hanganutziu-Deicher group of antibodies. PMID- 6546377 TI - Symptomatic thyroiditis and schizophrenia in a six-year-old girl. AB - A case of simultaneous symptomatic thyroiditis and schizophrenia in a prepubertal child is reported. The coexistence of these disorders has implications for potential diagnostic confusion and raises speculation of a shared immunologic and/or genetic etiology. PMID- 6546378 TI - The complete nucleotide sequence for rabbit muscle aldolase A messenger RNA. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of rabbit muscle aldolase mRNA has been determined from recombinant cDNA clones and from a primer-extended cDNA synthesis on the mRNA template. The sequence is composed of 1375 nucleotides, exclusive of the poly(A) tails. The 5'-untranslated region contains 62 bases including a potential ribosome-binding site. The 3'-untranslated region is 221 bases long. The remaining 1092 nucleotides are in an open reading frame coding for 364 amino acids. There is a single methionine residue preceding the NH2-terminal proline. The deduced amino acid sequence corrects a number of discrepancies between published structures as well as assignments previously missed. The sequences of the cloned cDNAs suggests there may be microheterogeneity in the messenger RNA population. PMID- 6546379 TI - Cloning of cDNA sequences for murine ATP-citrate lyase. Construction of recombinant plasmids using an immunopurified mRNA template and evidence for the nutritional regulation of ATP-citrate lyase mRNA content in mouse liver. AB - Mouse liver mRNA that was enriched in sequences coding for ATP-citrate lyase by polysome immunoadsorption was used as a template for cDNA synthesis. Double stranded cDNA sequences were inserted into the plasmid pBR322 and cloned in Escherichia coli RR1. Twenty-seven plasmids containing putative cDNA sequences for ATP-citrate lyase were identified by differential hybridization with single stranded 32P-cDNAs synthesized from immunopurified mRNA, sucrose gradient purified ATP-citrate lyase mRNA, and mRNA isolated from the livers of mice that were nutritionally induced or de-induced for ATP-citrate lyase biosynthesis. A subgroup of five recombinant plasmids was characterized further in hybridization selection experiments. Each of these plasmids positively selected ATP-citrate lyase mRNA as determined by in vitro translation and specific immunoprecipitation. The length of ATP-citrate lyase mRNA was estimated to be 4900 bases in a Northern blot analysis. A 32P-cDNA probe derived from a 1500-base pair insert was used to investigate the basis for the 20-30-fold induction of ATP citrate lyase that occurs when starved animals are fed a high carbohydrate/low fat diet. Dot-blot hybridization analysis disclosed that the relative content of liver ATP-citrate lyase mRNA increased 25-fold after 15 h of refeeding, indicating that the synthesis of the lipogenic enzyme is controlled at a pretranslational level in the nutritional paradigm. PMID- 6546380 TI - Damaging effects of oxygen radicals on resealed erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Resealed ghosts of human erythrocytes are sensitive to oxidative damage induced by xanthine oxidase acting on xanthine in the presence of iron. Damage was assessed in terms of lipid peroxidation and increased permeation of trapped markers, Na+ and glucose-6-P. Key findings are as follows. (a) Marker efflux from xanthine/xanthine oxidase/iron-treated ghosts accelerated after a lag, Na+ emerging far ahead of glucose-6-P. (b) Both effluxes and lipid peroxidation were stimulated by Fe(III) in a dose-dependent fashion and inhibited by chelating agents. (c) The antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene effectively halted lipid peroxidation and net glucose-6-P efflux, but slowed Na+ efflux only partially. (d) Lipid peroxidation and marker release could be completely inhibited by superoxide dismutase or catalase, indicating that O2- and H2O2 are both required, possibly as precursors of OH. via the iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction (O2- + H2O2 leads to OH- + OH. + O2). (e) OH. scavengers, e.g. ethanol, mannitol, choline, had no protective effect against marker efflux and lipid peroxidation. Yet these agents did intercept OH. in the bulk medium, since they inhibited the degradation of 2-deoxyribose added as an extramembranous OH. probe. It is proposed that OH. produced on the membrane at iron binding sites reacts so rapidly with target molecules that scavengers cannot compete. (f) Desferrioxamine abolished all effects, including net egress of Na+. EDTA, while totally inhibitory toward lipid peroxidation and glucose-6-P release, diminished Na+ release partially, changing it to first order, approximately 3-fold faster than background. The latter response was totally inhibited by catalase, but only marginally by superoxide dismutase. This and other evidence suggests that different forms of membrane damage are responsible for enhanced permeation of the two markers; although glucose-6-P depends on lipid peroxidation, Na+ does not, certainly when EDTA is present. PMID- 6546381 TI - Mammalian skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinases. A comparison by antiserum cross-reactivity. AB - Purified myosin light chain kinases from skeletal muscle are reported to be significantly smaller (Mr = 75,000-90,000) than the kinases purified from smooth muscle (Mr = 130,000-155,000). It has been suggested that the smaller kinases from striated muscle are proteolytic fragments of a larger enzyme which is homologous, if not identical, to myosin light chain kinase from smooth muscle. Therefore, we have used an antiserum to rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase and Western blot analysis to compare the subunit molecular weight of the kinase in skeletal muscle extracts of several mammalian species. In rabbit skeletal muscle, the antiserum only recognized a polypeptide of Mr = 87,000, with no indication that this polypeptide was a proteolyzed fragment of a larger protein. The apparent molecular weights observed in different animal species were 75,000 (mouse), 83,000 (guinea pig), 82,000 (rat), 87,000 (rabbit), 100,000 (dog), and 108,000 (steer). The molecular weight of myosin light chain kinase was constant within an animal species, regardless of skeletal muscle fiber type. The antiserum inhibited the catalytic activity of skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase. Similar antibody dilution curves for inhibition of myosin light chain kinase activity in extracts were observed for all animal species (rabbit, rat, mouse, guinea pig, dog, cat, steer, and chicken) and different fibers (slow twitch oxidative, fast twitch oxidative glycolytic, and fast twitch glycolytic) tested. The antiserum did not inhibit the activity of rabbit smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase. These results suggest that there may be at least two classes of muscle myosin light chain kinase represented in skeletal and smooth muscles, respectively. PMID- 6546382 TI - Purification and properties of acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenases from bovine liver. Formation of 2-trans,4-cis-decadienoyl coenzyme A. AB - Three straight chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases were purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine liver using 40-70% (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, and preparative electrophoresis. Separation of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases by these procedures has been efficiently monitored by two newly developed analytical methods: (i) native staining of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases following separation by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels and (ii) determination of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase by means of a specific substrate, 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA. The three acyl-CoA dehydrogenases were classified into short chain, general, and long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases on the basis of their chain length specificities according to the nomenclature proposed by Hall and Kamin (Hall, C. L., and Kamin, H. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3470-3486). The enzymes gave single protein bands in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing and nondenaturing conditions, and their subunit and native molecular weights were estimated to be 40,300 and 188,000 for short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 43,300 and 205,000 for general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and 45,200 and 172,000 for long chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Long chain and general acyl-CoA dehydrogenases markedly differed in their substrate specificities toward unsaturated acyl-CoA esters with a double bond at position 4. The former oxidized 4-cis-decenoyl-CoA at a rate of only 2.7% of that obtained with decanoyl-CoA as substrate, while for the latter enzyme 4 cis-decenoyl-CoA was even a slightly better substrate than decanoyl-CoA. 2 trans,4-cis-Decenoyl-CoA was identified as the product of this reaction. PMID- 6546383 TI - Dietary control of aldolase B and L-type pyruvate kinase mRNAs in rat. Study of translational activity and hybridization with cloned cDNA probes. AB - Liver L-type pyruvate kinase and aldolase B mRNAs are the two species whose translational activity increases the most after feeding starved rats a high carbohydrate diet (Simon, M. P., Besmond, C., Cottreau, D., Weber, A., Chaumet Riffaud, P., Dreyfus, J. C., Sala Trepat, J., Marie, J., and Kahn, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem., in press). We therefore compared the pattern of this induction in three tissues synthesizing these enzymes, e.g. the liver, small intestine, and kidney. Influence of high lipid and protein diets on liver L-type pyruvate kinase and aldolase B mRNAs was also investigated. In the starved rat livers, L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA was practically undetectable. Carbohydrate diet induced an increase of both mRNA concentrations, with a maximum at the 12-18th h; at this time, mRNA concentration was increased about 4-8 times for aldolase B and 40-100 times for L-type pyruvate kinase, translational activities representing about 1% of the total mRNA activity for both enzymes. After the 24th h of carbohydrate diet, mRNA concentrations decreased slightly, then remained in plateau. In animals refed the high carbohydrate diet, starvation as well as high lipid and protein diets provoked a rapid decrease of both mRNA concentrations and translational activities. In the kidney, aldolase B mRNA synthesis was high in starved rats and was only slightly stimulated by carbohydrates (1.5-2.5 times). L type pyruvate kinase mRNA concentration was increased 6-15-fold after feeding a high carbohydrate diet. In the small intestine, in contrast, the extent of aldolase B mRNA induction by a carbohydrate diet was similar to that in the liver, while L-type pyruvate kinase mRNA concentration was practically similar in starved and refed rats (about 1:10 of the concentration observed in refed rat liver). These results seem to indicate that the mechanisms responsible for carbohydrate induction of L-type pyruvate kinase and aldolase B are different. In addition, dietary control of each enzyme is also different in the various tissues which synthesize them. PMID- 6546384 TI - Alternative splicing of alpha A-crystallin RNA. Structural and quantitative analyses of the mRNAs for the alpha A2- and alpha Ains-crystallin polypeptides. AB - The eye lens contains a structural protein (alpha-crystallin) composed of two homologous primary gene products, alpha A2 and alpha B2. In certain rodents, there is another alpha-crystallin polypeptide, alpha Ains which is identical with alpha A2 except that it contains an additional peptide between residues 63 and 64 of the alpha A2 chain. The alpha A-crystallin gene encodes the alpha Ains peptide in a separate 69-base pair exon, suggesting that the alpha A2 and alpha Ains mRNAs are derived by alternative RNA splicing. In the present study, we report the isolation of a cloned cDNA (pM alpha AinsCr1) from a cDNA library constructed in the bacterial plasmid pBR322. The nucleotide sequence of pM alpha AinsCr1 in the region of the insert peptide provides compelling evidence that the alpha Ains mRNA is derived from the same gene as the alpha A2 mRNA. S1 nuclease protection experiments, using a DNA fragment from pM alpha AinsCr1, showed that the alternative splicing gives 5 to 10 times more alpha A2 than alpha Ains mRNA. This ratio is comparable to that of the respective polypeptides in the lens. We did not detect an age-related or a differentiation-related difference in the ratio of the alpha A2 to the alpha Ains mRNA or their polypeptides. These results indicate that when the alpha A-crystallin gene is expressed in the lens, it splices the RNA sequences from the insert exon into functional mRNA 10 to 20% of the time. PMID- 6546385 TI - Amplification of the UMP synthase gene and enzyme overproduction in pyrazofurin resistant rat hepatoma cells. Molecular cloning of a cDNA for UMP synthase. AB - The levels of UMP synthase protein and mRNA are increased in rat hepatoma cells that have acquired resistance to pyrazofurin, a potent inhibitor of pyrimidine biosynthesis. A cDNA plasmid library was prepared from partially purified poly(A)+ mRNA isolated from the resistant cell line. Recombinant plasmids with inserts complementary to UMP synthase mRNA were selected by differential hybridization with cDNA prepared from wild type and resistant cell mRNA and analysis of hybrid-selected mRNA by in vitro translation reactions. One plasmid, pUMPS-2, contains a 850-base pair insert and was used to analyze UMP synthase gene sequences in the wild type and resistant cell lines. Blot hybridization of restricted genomic DNA demonstrated amplification of the UMP synthase gene in the resistant cells. The number of UMP synthase genes is increased 15-fold as determined by a modified dot hybridization procedure. Previous studies have shown that the resistant cells have a 16-fold increase in UMP synthase mRNA but a 40 fold increase in synthase activity (Suttle, D.P. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 7707 7713). To further investigate this discrepancy between the amount of increase in DNA and mRNA versus the increase in enzyme activity, we have determined the relative rate of synthesis and degradation of UMP synthase. The rate of synthesis was 13-fold faster in the resistant cells. The degradation rate was not significantly different between the two cell lines. These data indicate that gene amplification is the major factor contributing to the enzyme overproduction in the pyrazofurin-resistant cells. PMID- 6546386 TI - Self-association of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 in the presence of metal ions. Use of a covalent cross-linking reagent to study the reaction. AB - The interaction of metal ions with prothrombin fragment 1 has been shown by other investigators to result in conformational change(s). Previous studies based on hydrodynamic measurements from other laboratories have suggested that prothrombin fragment 1 will, in addition to undergoing conformational change, self-associate in the presence of metal ions but there is a question regarding the specificity and role of metal ions in this process. The present study has made use of a covalent cross-linking agent, dithiobis(succinimidylpropionate), to study the self-association of prothrombin fragment 1 and has focused on factors influencing the covalent dimerization of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 during reaction with this reagent. Optimal dimerization of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 required the involvement of cations in two separable processes. The "first role" is probably a reflection of a slow conformational change in the bovine prothrombin fragment 1 representing isomerization of a proline-containing peptide bond (Marsh, H. C., Scott, M. E., Hiskey, R. G., and Koehler, K. A. (1979) Biochem. J. 183, 513-517). The "second role" most likely reflects ion bridging with another prothrombin fragment 1 molecule. The ion specificities of these two roles are clearly different. Ions stabilizing the proper conformation (first role) are Ca2+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, with Ba2+ having less capability in filling this role. Ions which have activity in the second role (ion bridge formation) are Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+. Mn2+ and Mg2+ cannot fulfill the requirements of this second role and actually inhibit the function of Ca2+. PMID- 6546387 TI - Association of sciatica-like pain and Addison's disease. A case report. PMID- 6546388 TI - Light-regulated gene expression during maize leaf development. AB - We have established schedules of expression during maize leaf development in light and darkness for the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and polypeptides for ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) subunits, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase), and the light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (LHCP). Levels of mRNAs were measured by hybridization with cloned probes, and proteins were measured by immunodetection on protein gel blots. The initial synthesis in leaves of all four mRNAs follows a light-independent schedule; illumination influences only the level to which each mRNA accumulates. The synthesis of RuBPCase small and large subunits and of PEPCase polypeptides also follows a light-independent schedule which is modified quantitatively by light. However, the accumulation of LHCP polypeptides absolutely requires illumination. The accumulation of each protein closely follows the accumulation of its mRNA during growth in light. Higher ratios of PEPCase and RuBPCase protein to mRNA occur during dark growth. PMID- 6546389 TI - Free and sulfate-conjugated catecholamines during exercise in man. AB - The study examined the plasma concentration of free and sulfate-conjugated norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) at rest and after vigorous bicycle exercise. Free and total catecholamines were measured by a modified radioenzymatic assay using external standards. This assay was less costly and, in subjects with normal renal function, plasma levels were highly comparable to those obtained using internal standards. Exercise was associated with a predictable rise in plasma free NE and E concentration, which correlated with the hemodynamic changes, and a significant decrease in the levels of catecholamine sulfate conjugates. There was an inverse relationship between the degree of conjugation and the free levels of NE and E both at rest and after exercise. This suggests that the degree of conjugation is another factor determining the concentration of free amines in plasma. PMID- 6546390 TI - Methimazole pharmacology in man: studies using a newly developed radioimmunoassay for methimazole. AB - A RIA for the antithyroid drug methimazole [1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (MMI)] has been developed. A MMI derivative, 5-COOH-MMI, was conjugated to porcine thyroglobulin, and antibodies to the conjugate were raised in rabbits. [35S]MMI was used as the tracer. At a final antibody dilution of 1:100, the assay could detect MMI in amounts as low as 2.5 ng. The putative MMI metabolites 3-methyl-2 thiohydantoin and 1-methylimidazole had minor cross-reactivities of 2.1% and 0.5%, respectively. There was no effect of serum proteins on MMI immunoactivity. MMI was given orally to normal subjects (n = 6), hyperthyroid patients (n = 5), patients with hepatic cirrhosis (n = 4), and normal lactating women (n = 4). After a single dose of 60 mg, peak MMI levels were similar in the normal subjects and the hyperthyroid patients (approximately 1.5 micrograms/ml). Patients with hepatic cirrhosis had similar peak MMI serum levels [1.31 +/- 0.3 (+/- SEM) micrograms/ml], but the half-time of MMI disappearance from serum was significantly prolonged compared with the normal value (21.2 vs. 6.0 h; P less than 0.001). The lactating women received 40 mg MMI as a single dose. Over the next 8 h, mean MMI levels in serum and milk were nearly identical, with a mean serum to milk ratio of 1.03 +/- 0.16. A total of 70.0 +/- 6.0 micrograms MMI was excreted in the milk over the 8-h time period. This amount of MMI could affect neonatal thyroid function. PMID- 6546391 TI - Computerisation of histopathology/cytology records--use of a commercial data storage system. AB - A system for computerising histopathology/cytology records using a commercial data processing system is described. It is emphasised that any system of computerising records should have some flexibility as no two laboratories have the same requirement and new applications and requirements may arise as one goes along. It is suggested on the basis of the authors' experience over the past two years that it might be worthwhile for histopathologists/cytopathologists interested in computerisation of records to consider the possibility of "user friendly" software systems, which can be adapted to their particular requirements, rather than a tailor made system, which might be difficult to modify. PMID- 6546393 TI - Cancer of the mouth in an isolated community--the results of treatment. AB - A survey is presented of all known cases of cancer of the mouth in a population of nearly half a million in a relatively isolated part of Yorkshire, with the results of treatment of squamous carcinoma, adeno-carcinoma, lympho-sarcoma, malignant tumours of odontogenic origin and sarcomas. PMID- 6546392 TI - C reactive protein: an aid to assessment and monitoring of acute pancreatitis. AB - An evaluation of C reactive protein as an indicator of the progress of acute pancreatitis has been made, and the data have been compared with the information given by the white cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and temperature and by two antiproteases--alpha 1 protease inhibitor and alpha 1 antichymotrypsin. The main value of C reactive protein is to provide a guide to the severity of the inflammation and to increase clinicians' awareness of the patient's enhanced risk of developing pancreatic collections when the C reactive protein concentration remains high (greater than 100 mg/l) at the end of the first week of the illness. In this respect C reactive protein concentrations are superior to white cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and temperature and the concentrations of antiproteases. PMID- 6546394 TI - Differences in the control of virus mRNA splicing during permissive or abortive infection with influenza A (fowl plague) virus. AB - Spliced transcripts of influenza A (fowl plague) virus (FPV) RNA (vRNA) segments 7 and 8 accumulate to a much greater extent during non-productive infection of mouse L cells, than they do during productive infection in primary chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). Virus-specific protein synthesis, or a consequent event in virus replication appears necessary to promote splicing of vRNA segment 8-encoded mRNAs in both cell types, and of vRNA segment 7-encoded mRNAs in CEF. In L cells, however, splicing of the segment 7-encoded mRNAs seems to be independent of such virus-specific control. This observation is discussed in relation to the defect in expression of vRNA 7 which has been observed previously in FPV-infected L cells, and which is thought to account for the failure of virus replication. PMID- 6546395 TI - Ligational behavior of a novel biologically active donor toward Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions and potentiation of its antibacterial activity by chelation with metal ions. AB - The chelating behavior of a new multidentate ligand with tuberculostatic activity toward Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions has been studied. This ligand 3-(2 carboxyhydrazine)phenylimino-2-oximobutane(H2C POB) is found to chelate the above metal ions in both its keto and enol forms. The probable structures of all the complexes and the location of the bonding sites have been established through magnetic and spectroscopic (infrared, electronic) studies. The Cu(II) complex of the enol form exhibits subnormal magnetic moment at room temperature, indicating the probable existence of some sort of super exchange phenomenon in the system. The ligand itself and a few of its Cu(II) complexes have been found to exert powerful in vitro antibacterial activity toward some tuberculosis mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium flae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and Mycobacterium H37Rv. PMID- 6546396 TI - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities in pig kidney homogenates: effect of vitamin D deficiency. AB - A method was developed for simultaneous assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase in pig kidney homogenates. The products of these enzymes, 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, were extracted from the in vitro incubation mixtures, isolated and purified by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography, identified by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry, and high performance liquid chromatography with a second solvent system and quantified relative to authentic standards with a 254-nm detector system. Assay conditions included 12.5 microM substrate (25 hydroxycholecalciferol) concentration and an incubation time of 15 minutes at 37 degrees C, which was on the linear portion of time curves for both enzymes. Maximum enzyme velocity was 1548 pmol/minute per gram kidney tissue for 1 alpha hydroxylase and 286 pmol/minute per gram kidney tissue for 24-hydroxylase. The apparent Km for pig kidney 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1 alpha hydroxylase) was 445 nM and for 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase (24 hydroxylase) was 833 nM. We also demonstrated the use of this assay in pigs fed a semisynthetic diet with or without vitamin D. Pigs fed vitamin D-deficient diet had a 5- to 10-fold increase in 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity, severe hypocalcemia, low plasma, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, very low plasma (undetectable) 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentration, and no detectable 24 hydroxylase activity compared to those fed the vitamin D-replete diet. PMID- 6546397 TI - Fluorometric determination of folacin in biological materials using high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A procedure was developed for the quantitation of the major folacin compounds present in foods and other biological materials. Extraction conditions were selected to provide conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (10-HCO-H4folic acid) to 5-HCO-H4folic acid. Polyglutamyl folates were deconjugated with hog kidney conjugase. The resulting folacin monoglutamates were separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography after extract purification on an anion exchange column. Detection of H4folic acid and its substituted derivatives was performed by monitoring the native fluorescence of the reduced folates in the acidic mobile phase. Folic acid, H2folic acid and also H4folic acid were measured fluorometrically by using an oxidative postcolumn derivatization system in series with the first fluorometer. Detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 2.3 pmol/100 microliters injection for the various folates. The validity of the method was supported by recovery and fluorescence spectral studies and by comparison with Lactobacillus casei assays for a variety of samples. Analysis of rat liver following a single pulse dose of 3H-labeled folic acid indicated large differences between the patterns of radiolabeled and endogenous folates. PMID- 6546398 TI - Indomethacin and retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6546399 TI - Tissue distribution and disposition of tin-protoporphyrin, a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase. AB - Tin(Sn)-protoporphyrin is a potent competitive inhibitor of heme oxygenase and can also suppress naturally occurring or experimentally induced hyperbilirubinemia in animals. In this study we examined the plasma clearance of Sn-protoporphyrin, its persistence in tissues and the time course of heme oxygenase inhibition up to 7 days after administration of doses up to 50 mumol/kg b.w. to adult male rats. After s.c. doses the metalloporphyrin was rapidly and almost completely absorbed. Initial plasma clearance was log-linear with a T 1/2 of approximately 3 h after either i.v. or s.c. administration. Levels of Sn protoporphyrin in most tissues rose during the first 2 h and persisted for up to 7 days. Concentrations were highest in kidney and liver, were considerably lower in spleen, lung, intestine, adrenal and testes, and as Sn-protoporphyrin concentrations in plasma declined, concentrations in these tissues eventually exceeded simultaneous plasma concentrations. This suggests a varying degree of uptake and binding of the metalloporphyrin in these tissues. There was little or no uptake of Sn-protoporphyrin in heart, brain and red cells. Markedly decreased heme oxygenase activity in liver, kidney and spleen persisted as did Sn protoporphyrin up to 7 days. The total amount of Sn-protoporphyrin present in tissues and excreta was a fairly constant fraction of the dose (approximately 50%) at time intervals up to 7 days after injection. These results indicate that single doses of Sn-protoporphyrin are rapidly cleared from plasma and persist in tissues and potently inhibit heme oxygenase activity for prolonged periods. PMID- 6546400 TI - Further studies on the effect of radiation during the storage of frozen 8-cell mouse embryos at -196 degrees C. AB - Frozen 8-cell mouse embryos were treated with radiation doses of 0, 10, 50, 100 or 200 cGy gamma-rays at a dose rate of congruent to 5 cGy/day. After thawing the embryos were scored for normal morphological appearance and for development to morulae and blastocysts after 24 h in culture. Embryos from each treatment were then separately transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant foster mothers which were killed at Day 14 of pregnancy. There was no effect of radiation on morphological appearance, development to morulae and blastocysts, implantation rate, or on the ratio of live fetuses to the number of transferred embryos. As there appeared to be no detrimental effect of up to 200 cGy on frozen 8-cell mouse embryos and, as this is the equivalent of congruent to 2000 years of background radiation, it is concluded that normal levels of background radiation would not be a hazard to the long-term storage of mammalian embryos. PMID- 6546401 TI - Identification of a tenth mRNA of respiratory syncytial virus and assignment of polypeptides to the 10 viral genes. AB - Nine mRNAs, their cDNA clones, and a genome transcriptional map have been reported previously for respiratory syncytial virus (P. L. Collins and G. W. Wertz, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:3208-3212, 1983). We report here the identification of a 10th viral mRNA, designated mRNA 2b (molecular weight [MW] ca. 0.39 X 10(6)), that was detected by RNA (Northern) blot hybridization with cDNA clones. Analysis of a polycistronic readthrough transcript was used to deduce the position in the viral transcriptional map of the gene encoding the newly identified mRNA. The polypeptide coding assignments of 9 of the 10 respiratory syncytial virus mRNAs were determined. Individual viral mRNAs were purified by hybridization selection with nine unique, nonoverlapping cDNA clones and analyzed by translation in vitro. Each of the nine mRNAs encoded a single polypeptide chain. The coding assignments were as follows: RNA 1a (MW ca. 0.24 X 10(6)), a 9,500-dalton (9.5K) protein; RNA 1b (MW 0.26 X 10(6)), an 11K protein; RNA 1c (MW 0.26 X 10(6)), a 14K protein; RNA 2a (MW 0.38 X 10(6)), the 34K phosphorylated (P) protein; RNA 2b (MW 0.39 X 10(6)), a 36K protein; RNA 3a (MW 0.40 X 10(6)), the 26K matrix (M) protein; RNA 3b (MW 0.40 X 10(6)), a 24K protein; RNA 4 (MW 0.47 X 10(6)), the 42K major nucleocapsid (N) protein; and RNA 5 (MW 0.74 X 10(6)), a 59K protein. The cDNA clones used for the hybridization selections were respiratory syncytial virus specific and did not hybridize with uninfected-cell mRNA; therefore the proteins synthesized with the selected mRNAs were virus specific. The 9.5K, 11K, 14K, 24K, M, P, 36K, N, and 59K proteins were encoded by different mRNAs; therefore these nine proteins are all unique. The 9.5K, 11K, 14K, 24K, M, P, and N proteins synthesized in vitro with hybrid selected mRNAs each had counterparts with the same electrophoretic mobilities in extracts of virus-infected cells. The in vitro polypeptides and their authentic counterparts were shown to be closely related by limited digest peptide mapping. The 36K and 59K polypeptides lacked counterparts with the same electrophoretic mobilities in infected cells and therefore are candidates for the unprocessed precursors of the viral F and G glycoproteins. The 10th viral mRNA, the 2,500K RNA 7, was not tested directly but is the only known mRNA of the appropriate size to encode the 200K large (L) protein of the viral nucleocapsid. These assignments account for all 10 of the reported viral mRNAs and bring to 10 the number of known unique viral proteins. PMID- 6546403 TI - Thromboxane-mediated activation of platelets and enhancement of platelet uptake onto collagen-coated glass or deendothelialized rabbit aorta. Comparative effects of a thromboxane antagonist (EPO45) and a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (dazoxiben). AB - The effects of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (indomethacin), a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (dazoxiben), and a thromboxane antagonist (EPO45) on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by collagen were studied and compared with effects on platelet uptake both by damaged rabbit aorta and by collagen-coated glass. Platelet aggregation and associated release of serotonin were inhibited to a similar extent both by indomethacin and EPO45. Dazoxiben had a minimal inhibitory effect on aggregation but reduced the release of serotonin by about 40% compared with control. Platelet uptake onto collagen-coated glass was markedly reduced both by indomethacin and EPO45 but not by dazoxiben. In contrast, EPO45 and dazoxiben were equally effective in reducing platelet adhesion to damaged rabbit aorta. At the concentrations used for adhesion studies the formation of thromboxane B2 was reduced both by dazoxiben and by indomethacin (both greater than 95% inhibition compared with control) and to a lesser extent by EPO45 (less than 40% inhibition). The results indicate that thromboxane A2 (and cyclic endoperoxide) released by adherent platelets may enhance thromboxane synthesis and promote platelet uptake both onto collagen-coated glass and onto damaged rabbit aorta. In the presence of vascular tissue, cyclic endoperoxides are readily metabolized and thereby removed. The potential antithrombotic activity of TXA2 synthetase inhibitors could be impaired in situations in which endoperoxide clearance is limited (e.g., accompanying platelet uptake onto artificial surfaces) but not at the damaged vessel wall. Thus, both inhibitors and antagonists are likely to have similar potency as antithrombotic agents in vivo. PMID- 6546402 TI - Protective effect of interferon inducers against hyperoxic pulmonary damage. AB - Interferon inducers, poly I:poly C, endotoxin, hepatic RNA, and Tilorone, were administered to rats at different time points in relation to the onset of hyperoxic exposure (O2 greater than 97%). All interferon inducers tested significantly reduced the mortality of rats when compared with the control groups. In hyperoxia alone, malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation, was significantly increased and the microsomal enzyme NADPH cytochrome c reductase decreased as measured in the whole lung. With the administration of either endotoxin or poly I:poly C these two parameters remained within the range of control values. These data suggest that the administration of interferon inducers protects against hyperoxic microsomal damage. After the administration of these interferon inducers with or without hyperoxia the increased activity of heme oxygenase and marked reduction of the heme content of microsomes were demonstrated. Since cytochrome P-450 and b5 are the major hemoproteins of microsomes and the known source of oxygen-free radical generation, the results obtained in this study appear to indicate that the depression of the hemoprotein of microsomes by the administration of interferon inducers may be largely responsible for the protective effects of these agents against hyperoxia. PMID- 6546404 TI - A microcomputer-based system to evaluate cardiac pacing for the treatment of tachycardias. PMID- 6546405 TI - A new approach to angiotensin antagonists: methylation of the tyrosine hydroxyl in angiotensin II. AB - [Sar1, Tyr(Me)4]angiotensin II, synthesized by the solid phase method and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC, was found to inhibit the contractile response to angiotensin II in the rat isolated uterus and inhibit the pressor response to angiotensin II in the vagotomized ganglion blocked rat. In the rat isolated uterus Schild plots gave a pA2 of 8.1, and a slope of 0.9 indicative of competitive inhibition. In the rat pressor assay, infusion of the analogue at a rate of 500ng/kg/min caused a parallel displacement of the dose-response curve to ANG II to the right. In contrast, the classical angiotensin inhibitor [Sar1, Ile8] ANG II appeared to demonstrate non-competitive inhibition in both the rat isolated uterus and the pressor assays. The phenolic hydroxyl of phenoxide anion of Tyr4 in angiotensin II appears to be critical for the activation of angiotensin receptors in smooth muscle. Alkylation of the tyrosine residue in angiotensin analogues provides a new route for the synthesis of potent competitive antagonists of angiotensin. PMID- 6546406 TI - [Treatment of recurrences of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6546407 TI - [Recurrences of lymphosarcoma of the pharyngeal ring after radiotherapy]. AB - To study the frequency and nature of recurrences of lymphosarcoma of the throat ring, the course of the disease was analysed in 49 patients with a complete remission after radiation therapy. A clear-cut effect of a primary tumor site on recurrence development time was shown. Recurrences develop faster in primary rhinopharyngeal affection than in tonsillar affection. The dissemination of a tumor process involved both the lymph nodes and extranodal zones. Frequent involvement of the stomach was noted in particular. PMID- 6546408 TI - Effect of a fleecy woollen underlay on sleep. AB - The folklore of ancient and modern cultures has recommended the use of wool as a bedding surface. In this article, the results of an experimental, repeated measures study of the effect of a particular type of fleecy woollen sleeping surface on observed and reported sleep are reported. This woollen underlay significantly reduced the observed postural activity and favourably influenced subjective estimates of sleep, compared with the control conditions. PMID- 6546409 TI - 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone, a metabolite of niridazole in Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Niridazole, a nitro heterocyclic antischistosomal drug, is extensively metabolized to unknown metabolites by Schistosoma mansoni. We report that 1 thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone was isolated by high pressure liquid chromatography and identified by high resolution electron impact mass spectroscopy as a niridazole metabolite in schistosomes. After a 20-h in vitro incubation in 30 ml of medium containing 10 micrograms ml-1 [14C]niridazole (5.2 Ci mol-1), 100 S. mansoni worm pairs contained approximately 275 ng of 1 thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone. This amount represented 4% of the total metabolized fraction of niridazole in the parasite. Incubation of schistosomes with 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-[2 14C]imidazolidinone (2.7 Ci mol-1) indicated that this metabolite was not taken up. However, schistosomes released an average of 44 ng ml-1 or 1% of the total 1-thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone found in the worm back into 1 ml of medium during incubation. No host oxidative metabolites of niridazole were found in the parasites. PMID- 6546410 TI - Treatment of congenital osteopetrosis with high-dose calcitriol. AB - We administered high doses of calcitriol (up to 32 micrograms per day) to an infant with malignant osteopetrosis, in an attempt to stimulate bone resorption. The patient was placed on a low-calcium diet to prevent hypercalcemia. Measures of bone turnover increased during calcitriol therapy; hydroxyproline excretion rose from 140 to 1358 micrograms per milligram of creatinine per 24 hours, with parallel increases in the ratio of calcium to creatinine in the urine, urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, serum osteocalcin, and serum alkaline phosphatase. A pretreatment bone-biopsy specimen contained no osteoclasts with ruffled borders, a feature of active osteoclasts. After 11 days of calcitriol, ruffled borders were noted. After three months, numerous osteoclasts with ruffled borders and associated bony disruption were evident. Before therapy, the patient's monocytes were incapable of in vitro bone resorption, but after calcitriol, their resorptive capacity was increased to 3.3 times control levels. These data demonstrate that calcitriol increased bone mineral and matrix turnover in our patient. However, during the three months of calcitriol therapy there was only slight clinical improvement in her severe disease. Early and sustained treatment with calcitriol may be useful in osteopetrosis. PMID- 6546411 TI - Homozygous protein C deficiency manifested by massive venous thrombosis in the newborn. AB - We studied a family in which two infants had died with massive venous thrombosis shortly after birth. Protein C antigen was undetectable by immunologic assays of plasma available from one infant. (Protein C is a potent naturally occurring anticoagulant that inactivates activated coagulation factors V and VIII). The parents, who were first cousins, both had partial protein C deficiency. Reduced protein C levels were also observed in 12 of 25 additional family members. None of the partially deficient family members (age range 4 to 70 years) had thrombotic episodes. Our data support the view that hereditary protein C deficiency is an autosomal disorder in which the homozygous state may be manifested by the virtual absence of plasma protein C and by fatal thrombosis in the neonatal period. PMID- 6546412 TI - Molecular bad actors and thrombosis. PMID- 6546413 TI - A dynorphinergic pathway of Leu-enkephalin production in rat substantia nigra. AB - The amino acid sequence of the opioid peptide Leu-enkephalin is found within several larger peptides, which are generated from the precursors proenkephalin and prodynorphin. Proenkephalin contains four copies of the sequence of Met enkephalin, a single copy of the sequence of Leu-enkephalin and one copy each of two extended Met-enkephalin sequences. Proenkephalin contains three peptides- alpha-neo-endorphin, dynorphin A and dynorphin B--the N-terminal sequences of which are identical to that of Leu-enkephalin. There is good evidence that the large amounts of Leu-enkephalin found in the adrenal medulla are generated from the precursor proenkephalin, but as yet prodynorphin has not been shown to be processed to yield Leu-enkephalin. We show here that the relatively high levels of Leu-enkephalin found in the rat substantia nigra are supplied by striatonigral axons and generated from the precursor prodynorphin. PMID- 6546414 TI - [Use of computers in intensive care. EGAGE: a program for combined blood gas analysis and analysis of expired gas]. AB - The large amount of data resulting from arterial and venous HGA's and analysis of expired gases carried out during the monitoring of critical surgical patients has been statistically reduced to only seven parameters. Personal Mini Computer software able to quantify or predict the necessity for mechanical ventilatory assistance in individual cases has been developed on the basis of the 7 parameters. The system, presently used only as a check, has been found very reliable. Two cases are reported in order to illustrate its use in intensive treatment. PMID- 6546415 TI - [Late depressive effect of epidural and intrathecal morphine analgesia on respiration]. PMID- 6546416 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia and vitamin E in the preterm infant--comparison of oral versus intramuscular:oral administration. AB - To evaluate the efficacy of four early intramuscular injections of vitamin E given in addition to continuous minimal oral vitamin E supplementation, 168 very low-birth-weight infants (less than or equal to 1,500 g) have enrolled in a randomized, double-masked, clinical study. All infants received vitamin E orally, 100 mg/kg/d. In addition, on days 1, 2, 4, and 6, seventy-nine infants received vitamin E intramuscularly, 15, 10, 10, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. On the same days, 89 control infants received placebo intramuscular injections. Multivariate analysis of the 135 infants who survived greater than or equal to 10 weeks showed no significant difference in the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia between these two supplementation schedules (P = .86). Plasma vitamin E levels never exceeded a mean of 3.3 mg/100 mL, and no toxicity was observed. Ultrastructural analyses of seven pairs of whole eye donations from infants receiving IM vitamin E demonstrated identical kinetics of gap junction formation between adjacent spindle cells as compared with 13 pairs of whole eye donations from control infants (P greater than .3). Therefore, oral vitamin E supplementation affords retinal protection against the development of severe retrolental fibroplasia when initiated on the first day of life and maintained continuously until retinal vascularization is complete. PMID- 6546417 TI - Simplified computer programs for search of homology within nucleotide sequences. AB - Four new computer programs for search of homology within nucleotide sequences are presented. The main scope of the program design is flexibility, independence of sequence length and the capability to be used by any molecular biologist without any prior computer experience. The programs offer a linear search, a search for maximal identity, an alignment along a given sequence and a search based on homology within the amino acid coding capacity of nucleotide sequences. The language is Fortran V. Copies are available on request. PMID- 6546418 TI - A program for prediction of protein secondary structure from nucleotide sequence data: application to histocompatibility antigens. AB - A computer program is described which, given a nucleotide or an amino acid sequence, outputs protein secondary structure prediction curves as well as hydrophobicity and charged-residue profiles. The program allows for cumulative averaging of properties (secondary structure propensities, hydrophobicity and charge profiles) from several homologous primary structures, a novel concept shown to improve the predictive accuracy. The use of the program is demonstrated on a set of nucleotide and amino acid sequences from human and murine histocompatibility antigens of class I and II. The last extracellular domains of both class I and II antigens (alpha 3 of class I, alpha 2 and beta 2 of class II) and the beta 2-microglobulin domain are predicted to consist of seven anti parallel beta-strands, in accord with previous claims of homology between these domains and the constant domains of immunoglobulin chains. The remaining extracellular domains are all proposed to form an anti-parallel, four-stranded beta-sheet with one of its faces being covered by alpha-helices and/or structureless segments ("open face sandwiches"). PMID- 6546419 TI - Rapid searches for complex patterns in biological molecules. AB - The intrinsic redundancy of genetic information makes searching for patterns in biological sequences a difficult task. We have designed an interactive self documenting computer program called QUEST that allows rapid searching of large DNA and protein data banks for highly redundant consensus sequences or character patterns. QUEST uses a concise language for specifying character patterns containing several levels of ambiguity and pattern arrangement. Examples of the use of this program for sequence data are given. Details of the algorithm and pattern optimization are explained. PMID- 6546420 TI - Computer programs for the characterization of protein coding genes. AB - Computer programs, implemented on an Univac II00/80 computer system, for the identification and characterization of protein coding genes and for the analysis of nucleic acid sequences, are described. PMID- 6546421 TI - Signal search analysis: a new method to localize and characterize functionally important DNA sequences. AB - The generation of "signal search data" represents a general method of describing the common properties of a set of DNA sequences presumed to be functionally analogous. Besides the detailed description of this method we present two computer programs which use signal search data as input data: One that processes them to a "constraint profile" and another one which lists over-represented "signals" of potential functional relevance. To illustrate the possibilities of our method we have analysed a set of transcription initiation sites of sea urchin histone genes. PMID- 6546422 TI - Computer programs for handling nucleic acid sequences. AB - Programs have been developed that will accurately display restriction enzyme maps, open translational reading frames and the results of specific searches on a high resolution graphics terminal (Retrographics VT640). Many of our earlier programs have been upgraded to allow online access to GENBANK, the NIH data bank of DNA sequences and also to deal with sequences of any length. Progress has also been made in the automation of the DNA assembly programs. PMID- 6546423 TI - A comprehensive set of sequence analysis programs for the VAX. AB - The University of Wisconsin Genetics Computer Group (UWGCG) has been organized to develop computational tools for the analysis and publication of biological sequence data. A group of programs that will interact with each other has been developed for the Digital Equipment Corporation VAX computer using the VMS operating system. The programs available and the conditions for transfer are described. PMID- 6546424 TI - A common philosophy and FORTRAN 77 software package for implementing and searching sequence databases. AB - I present a common philosophy for implementing the EMBL and GENBANK (BBN-Los Alamos) nucleic acid sequence databases, as well as the National Biological Foundation (Dayhoff) protein sequence database. The associated FORTRAN 77 fully transportable software package includes: 1) modules for implementing each of these databases from the initial magnetic tape file, 2) modules performing a fast mnemonic access, 3) modules performing key-string access and allowing the definition of user-specific database subsets, 4) a common probe searching module allowing the stacking of multiple combined search requests over the databases. This software is particularly suitable for 32-bit mini/microcomputers but would eventually run on 16-bit computers. PMID- 6546425 TI - Utilization of sequence libraries on a 16-bit mini computer with particular reference to high speed searching. AB - An interactive menu driven system of programmes written in Fortran and designed to utilize the three main nucleotide sequence libraries and one amino acid sequence library was developed to run on a small 16-bit mini computer with limited main memory and mass storage. The software uses a minimum of system function calls and should be transportable with minimal rewriting to micro computers. Software has also been written to create secondary data bases containing the nucleotide triplet values (4(3) classes) derived from the sequence libraries. Using this secondary set, a given sequence and its reversed complement, once reduced to their trinucleotide values, can be compared to all sequences present in the libraries in about forty minutes on a PDP 11/10 mini computer using the correlation statistic. Because the statistic in this case may not be assumed to be normally distributed, we have termed it a quasi correlation coefficient (Qr). PMID- 6546426 TI - Computer analysis and structure prediction of nucleic acids and proteins. AB - We have developed an integrated computer system for analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences, which consists of sequence and structure databases, a relational database, and software for structural analysis. The system is potentially applicable to a number of problems in structural biology including predictive classification of the function and location of oncogene products. PMID- 6546427 TI - Computer programs in nucleic acid synthesis: synthetic strategy development using solid-phase chemical techniques with data storage, retrieval and analysis capabilities. AB - A computer program has been designed to aid development of synthetic strategies for oligonucleotides produced by solid-phase chemical techniques. The program reduces the time required to develop a strategy and a data file from hours to minutes. The program contains inventories, provides cost analyses, and generates and stores other associated data. The program searches an inventory of sequences for that sequence to avoid duplicate synthesis. If the sequence is not in the inventory the program devises a synthetic strategy, calculates the amounts of reagents and labor costs necessary to complete the synthetic oligonucleotide. The program also deducts the reagents from inventory files. Physical data is also calculated. A file is generated in a sequence inventory for storage of the data as well as other data that will be generated during the purification processes. All variable parameters can be easily edited. The programs were designed to provide a cross-referencing feature for data analysis and can use several parameters as a constant. PMID- 6546428 TI - A fast homology program for aligning biological sequences. AB - The algorithm of Gotoh computes in two passes of MN steps the alignment of a pair of sequences of lengths M and N, subject to a constraint on the form of the gap weighting function. This compares with the previous algorithm of Waterman et al. which runs in M2N steps. Gotoh also gave a method using two passes of (L+2)MN steps in the case where gap weights remain constant for gaps of length greater than L. Here we describe a procedure for computing the alignment (evolutionary distance and optimal path) in a single pass of MN steps for both cases. PMID- 6546429 TI - Sequence comparison by exponentially-damped alignment. AB - We describe a new method of comparing sequences, based on the Needleman-Wunsch sequence alignment algorithm, which can detect similarities that are interrupted by insertions or deletions in either sequence. The sequences are compared by calculating for each pair of residues a score which represents the best local alignment bringing those residues into correspondence; smooth localisation is achieved by reducing the contribution of distant parts of the alignment path by a factor which decreases exponentially with their distance from the point in question. The calculated values are used to draw a line graph in which regions of local similarity are shown by diagonal lines. Examples are shown of the application of the method to nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. PMID- 6546430 TI - A computer program to enter DNA gel reading data into a computer. AB - This paper describes a simple program that uses a digitizing device to enter DNA sequences directly from autoradiographs into a computer. PMID- 6546431 TI - A comprehensive sequence analysis program for the IBM personal computer. AB - We have developed a versatile program for the analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences on the IBM Personal Computer. The program is interactive and self-instructing. It contains all the features generally found in sequence analysis programs on large computers, including extensive homology routines, as well as new procedures for the entry of sequence data. The program contains facilities to store and utilize the entire Nucleic Acid Sequence Data Bank. We have devised a new algorithm to find restriction enzyme sites, which allows our microcomputer program to find all sites on a small plasmid for 100 different enzymes in 1 to 2 minutes. PMID- 6546432 TI - DNA sequence analysis on the IBM-PC. AB - We have developed, for the IBM-PC microcomputer, a menu driven, interactive set of programs which provide the functions routinely used for DNA sequence data analyses. PMID- 6546433 TI - A DNA sequence analysis package for the IBM personal computer. AB - We present here a collection of DNA sequence analysis programs, called "PC Sequence" (PCS), which are designed to run on the IBM Personal Computer (PC). These programs are written in IBM PC compiled BASIC and take full advantage of the IBM PC's speed, error handling, and graphics capabilities. For a modest initial expense in hardware any laboratory can use these programs to quickly perform computer analysis on DNA sequences. They are written with the novice user in mind and require very little training or previous experience with computers. Also provided are a text editing program for creating and modifying DNA sequence files and a communications program which enables the PC to communicate with and collect information from mainframe computers and DNA sequence databases. PMID- 6546434 TI - Update for users of the Cornell sequence analysis package. AB - This paper reports some additions and improvements to the Cornell sequence analysis package for microcomputers (Fristensky, Lis, and Wu, 1982, Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 6451-6463). PMID- 6546435 TI - DNA sequence handling programs in BASIC for home computers. AB - This paper describes a DNA sequence handling program written entirely in BASIC and designed to be run on an Atari home computer. Many of the features common to more sophisticated programs have been included. The advantage of this program are its convenience, its transportability and its potential for user modification. The disadvantages are lack of sophistication and speed. PMID- 6546436 TI - BIOLOG - a DNA sequence analysis system in PROLOG. AB - BIOLOG contains facilities for the analysis of nucleic acid sequences. These facilities are available through queries and commands of the underlying implementation language PROLOG. Familiarity with PROLOG is gained by using the built-in BIOLOG functions. This experience should enable the user to extend the current system and define new facilities. PMID- 6546437 TI - Interactive computer programs for the graphic analysis of nucleotide sequence data. AB - A group of interactive computer programs have been developed which aid in the collection and graphical analysis of nucleotide and protein sequence data. The programs perform the following basic functions: a) enter, edit, list, and rearrange sequence data; b) permit automatic entry of nucleotide sequence data directly from an autoradiograph into the computer; c) search for restriction sites or other specified patterns and plot a linear or circular restriction map, or print their locations; d) plot base composition; e) analyze homology between sequences by plotting a two-dimensional graphic matrix; and f) aid in plotting predicted secondary structures of RNA molecules. PMID- 6546438 TI - Graphic display of nucleic acid structure by a microcomputer. AB - A microcomputer program for the display of a three dimensional structure of a nucleic acid and a protein has been developed. This program can generate a wire model and a ball and stick model on a color CRT display. The phosphate atoms on the backbone, backbone, bases and all atoms can be respectively displayed. Rotation and enlargement of a partial structure is easily accomplished. PMID- 6546439 TI - Microcomputer programs for graphic analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences. AB - Four computer programs are described which allow two amino acid or DNA sequences to be compared for homology, the results being displayed in a 2-dimensional array on a printer page. The programs also may be used to visualize repeated sequences or dyad symmetry within a DNA sequence. Two of the four programs may be used with any printer, the other two require a printer with graphics capability. Many options are available including using only a portion of a sequence, specifying a window to demonstrate more significant structures and special restrictions on matching such as excluding the third base in a codon. Written in the C programming language, the programs run under the CP/M 80 operating system, and may be copied in binary format through a modem. They are also available for the IBM/PC. PMID- 6546440 TI - Microcomputer programs for back translation of protein to DNA sequences and analysis of ambiguous DNA sequences. AB - Three computer programs are described which may be used to translate a DNA sequence into a protein sequence, back translate the protein sequence into an ambiguous DNA sequence, and then do pattern searching in the ambiguous sequence. The programs are written in the C programming language, have been compiled to run on a microcomputer under the CP/M 80 operating system, and may be copied in binary format through a modem. They are also to become available for the IBM/PC. PMID- 6546441 TI - 'ZSTATS'--a statistical analysis for potential Z-DNA sequences. AB - We have developed a FORTRAN programme for scanning DNA sequences for potential Z DNA forming regions using the One-Sample Runs Test. The programme also detects other non-random arrangements of purines and pyrimidines on the same strand and will detect purine- or pyrimidine-rich strands and G:C- or A:T-rich regions. A series of test statistics are produced as a graphical output and these have been used to search a number of beta- type globin DNA sequences for potential Z-DNA regions whose biological significance is briefly discussed. PMID- 6546442 TI - Computer programs used to aid in the selection of DNA hybridization probes. AB - This paper describes a package of three programs which used together aid in selecting the best possible sequence to be used as a DNA hybridization probe. This system searches an amino acid sequence for four adjacent amino acids with the fewest possible corresponding mRNA sequences, calculates their probability of occurrence, and locates the positions of wobbles and mismatches between the DNA hybridization probe and the possible mRNA sequences. PMID- 6546443 TI - Computer selection of oligonucleotide probes from amino acid sequences for use in gene library screening. AB - We present a computer program, FINPROBE, which utilizes known amino acid sequence data to deduce minimum redundancy oligonucleotide probes for use in screening cDNA or genomic libraries or in primer extension. The user enters the amino acid sequence of interest, the desired probe length, the number of probes sought, and the constraints on oligonucleotide synthesis. The computer generates a table of possible probes listed in increasing order of redundancy and provides the location of each probe in the protein and mRNA coding sequence. Activation of a next function provides the amino acid and mRNA sequences of each probe of interest as well as the complementary sequence and the minimum dissociation temperature of the probe. A final routine prints out the amino acid sequence of the protein in parallel with the mRNA sequence listing all possible codons for each amino acid. PMID- 6546444 TI - Expression of the genes coding for the skeletal muscle and cardiac actions in the heart. AB - Several types of evidence indicate that the gene coding for the skeletal muscle actin is expressed in the rat heart: 1) A recombinant plasmid containing an insert with a nucleotide sequence identical to that of the homologous region of skeletal muscle actin gene was isolated from a cDNA library prepared on rat cardiac mRNA template. 2) Using specific probes it was found that the hearts of newborn rats contain a significant amount of skeletal muscle actin mRNA. The quantity of this mRNA in the heart decreases during development. 3) The skeletal muscle actin gene is DNAase I sensitive in nuclei from rat heart tissue. A plasmid containing a cDNA insert homologous to a part of the cardiac actin mRNA was isolated and sequenced. It was found that in spite of the great similarity between the amino acid sequence of the skeletal muscle and cardiac actins, the nucleotide sequences of the two mRNAs are considerably divergent. There is only limited sequence homology between the 3' untranslated regions of the two mRNAs. However, there is an extensive sequence homology between the 3' untranslated regions of the rat and human cardiac mRNAs, suggesting a functional role for this region of the gene or mRNA. PMID- 6546446 TI - Data base management systems: gatekeepers of the computer's mass storage. PMID- 6546445 TI - Nutrition for full-term and preterm infants. Meeting normal and exceptional needs. AB - Providing adequate nutrition for the healthy full-term newborn is relatively easy; breast milk or formula is sufficient for the first six months of life. Although the full-term infant's organ systems are relatively mature, the gastrointestinal tract is often stressed by the demands of rapid growth, and feeding difficulties, such as gastroesophageal reflux, colic, milk allergy, and constipation, may occur that necessitate special handling. The small preterm infant, however, has many urgent nutritional needs; management is usually complicated by the fact that the infant's immature organs may be unable to cope with enteral feedings. Thus, total parenteral nutrition is necessary, with extensive laboratory monitoring of metabolic functions and precise attention to detail to avoid a prolonged period of partial starvation. PMID- 6546447 TI - Sensitivity of chick embryo to various solvents used in egg injection studies. AB - Two experiments were conducted to study the sensitivity of developing chicken embryos to various solvents used as vehicles and their effect on hatchability. No significant differences on embryonic mortality were observed between the sham injected control and corn oil-injected groups. Acetone, ethylene glycol, and ethanol (0.10 ml/egg) significantly reduced the percentage hatchability and showed a high embryonic mortality during the first week of incubation. Levels of cottonseed oil (0.05-0.10 ml) and propylene glycol (0.05-0.15 ml) were well tolerated by the developing embryo but were slightly inferior to corn oil. Levels of 0.05-0.15 ml of corn oil are suitable vehicles for fat soluble compounds in studies involving the injection of eggs. Higher levels of solvent can be injected at later incubation periods. The choice of the best solvent must be made depending upon (1) solubility of test material, (2) amount of test material needed, (3) toxicity of the solvent at the appropriate levels, (4) route of administration, and (5) stage of development. PMID- 6546448 TI - In vitro and in vivo evidence that the C-terminus of preproenkephalin-A circulates as an 8500-dalton molecule. AB - One of the major immunoreactive components of the enkephalin precursor BAM-22P in extracts of adrenal medulla is a molecule of approximately 8500 Da. A similar component is detected, after gel-permeation chromatography, in extracts of bovine plasma and in culture medium harvested from acetylcholine-stimulated bovine adrenomedullary cells in culture. Simultaneous detection of the C-terminal epitome of preproenkephalin-A: Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7-OH in this secreted high molecular-weight zone suggest that the approximately 8500-Da form of BAM-22P is the C-terminal of preproenkephalin A. PMID- 6546449 TI - Intrathecal chronic catheterization in the rat. AB - This article describes the fixing of intrathecal cannula to the processus transversus T1. This method of fixing prevents rejection and allows the use of chronic cannula for experiments on animals over long periods up to one year. The intrathecal implantation may be made caudally from T1 using cannula from 1 to 7.5 cm. The technique for repeated perfusion in the freely behaving rat is described. PMID- 6546450 TI - The discriminative stimulus properties of the R2 isomer of viminol. AB - Viminol is a pyrrylethanolamine derivative which exists naturally as a racemic mixture containing six different stereoisomers. Viminol has been reported to exert both potent analgesic activity and minimal dependence liability. The analgesic component of racemic viminol has been attributed to the R2 isomer, while the antagonistic S2 isomer appears to be responsible for minimizing the dependence liability of the racemate. We tested the R2 isomer of viminol in rats trained to discriminate 3 mg/kg morphine sulfate from saline on a VI-15 sec schedule for sweetened milk reinforcement. The R2 isomer resulted in dose dependent morphine-like responding, with complete generalization to the 2.5 mg/kg dose of R2 viminol. The morphine-like discriminative stimulus properties of R2 viminol were reversed by naloxone in a dose-dependent fashion, with total blockade by 0.1 mg/kg naloxone. R2 viminol, like morphine, also had a biphasic effect on response rate with low doses increasing and high doses suppressing response rates. R2 viminol had a overall shorter time course than that reported for morphine, and its different physiological and behavioral effects may not occur simultaneously. These data suggest that R2 viminol exerts a subjective effect similar to that of morphine and supports the hypothesis that R2 viminol has opiate activity despite its lack of structural relationship to the opiate series. PMID- 6546451 TI - Effect of allopurinol on the survival of hyperemic island skin flaps. AB - Allopurinol was investigated in 3 x 6 cm congested island skin flaps in rats. Eight hours of venous occlusion produced total flap necrosis. Pretreatment with systemic allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, enhanced the survival rate of hyperemic skin flaps. Xanthine oxidase activities were demonstrated in skin, and these enzyme activities were noted to increase in skin flaps during ischemia and reperfusion. Much of this increase in enzyme activity was prevented by allopurinol treatment. The xanthine oxidase system appears to be one of the sources of the superoxide radical, which may be involved in ischemic and reperfusion injury in skin. PMID- 6546452 TI - [Arthroscopy of the non-inflamed knee (traumatic or not). Apropos of 500 cases]. AB - Arthroscopy is not a new technique, as it has been in use for more than half a century, but it is now coming of age. On the basis of 500 cases, the authors demonstrate its value in the investigation and treatment of internal derangements of the knee for which it is very often difficult to make an aetiological diagnosis. In the case of meniscectomy, it makes up for the lack of formal reliability of arthrography. It can detect a little known disease: diseases of the synovial reflections and it reveals the incidence of meniscal and ligamentous lesions which often pass unnoticed. In each of these areas; arthroscopy is not only a valuable aid to diagnosis, but also a therapeutic advance in that it allows short stay hospitalization and although, like all forms of surgery, it carries its risks, it seems to be an advance on the techniques used up until now. PMID- 6546453 TI - Human chorionic gonadotropin secreted by preimplantation embryos cultured in vitro. AB - Human oocytes were collected by laparoscopy and fertilized and cultured in vitro. Human chorionic gonadotropin was detected in the medium surrounding two embryos cultured for more than 7 days after fertilization. PMID- 6546454 TI - Avian pancreatic polypeptide phase shifts hamster circadian rhythms when microinjected into the suprachiasmatic region. AB - The suprachiasmatic nucleus has been identified tentatively as a circadian pacemaker. To examine the functional role of peptides found within suprachiasmatic neurons, avian pancreatic polypeptide and vasopressin were microinjected into the suprachiasmatic region. Avian pancreatic polypeptide, but not vasopressin, shifted the phase of the wheelrunning rhythm as a function of the time of its injection within the circadian cycle. Avian pancreatic polypeptide or a similar peptide may be one component of the neurochemical processes underlying entrainment to the light-dark cycle. PMID- 6546455 TI - A computerized genetic record system. AB - The quantity of data stored in manual medical records--which is a function of the level of sophistication of medical practice--has become unmanageable. The need for efficient access to this information can be met by computerization. A number of automated medical record systems have been developed for this purpose, invariably by physicians with computer expertise. The recent development of 'application generators' (a specific group of versatile packaged software systems) now enables a wide range of applications to be effectively computerized by end-users (the people who ultimately use the systems) who have no knowledge of computers. The utilization of an application generator to computerize the medical records of patients seen at the Department of Human Genetics of the University of Cape Town Medical School is described and discussed. PMID- 6546456 TI - Inhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis in serum: limitations of the measurement of immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. PMID- 6546457 TI - Further studies on ketone neurotoxicity and interactions. AB - Ethyl n-butyl ketone (EBK, 3-heptanone) has not been reported to produce neurotoxicity in previous studies when it was given by oral or inhalation routes. In the present study, EBK given by gavage at 2 g/kg/day, 5 days/week for 14 weeks produced a typical central-peripheral distal axonopathy characterized by "giant" axonal swelling and neurofilamentous hyperplasia. This dose approximates the single dose LD50 (2.76 g/kg) of EBK determined by Smyth et al., (J. Ind. Hyg. Toxicol. 31, 60-62, 1949). Large multiple doses (1.5 g/kg/day, 5 days/week, 14 weeks) of methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) given by gavage potentiated EBK neurotoxicity but 5-methyl-2-octanone did not. MEK modestly increased the urinary excretion of two neurotoxic gamma-diketones, 2,5-heptanedione, and 2,5-hexanedione, when MEK was given by gavage with EBK. When rats were exposed to EBK (700 ppm) and MEK (700 or 1400 ppm) in combination by inhalation exposure, serum 2,5-heptanedione levels were increased approximately 2.5 times. This effect was absent at MEK levels of 70 ppm. The serum from rats exposed to EBK or EBK/MEK combinations did not contain 2,5-hexanedione. The toxicity of EBK appears to involve the metabolism of EBK to two neurotoxic gamma-diketones, 2,5-heptanedione and 2,5 hexanedione. Combined EBK/MEK exposure modestly increased gamma-diketone levels in the serum and urine suggesting that MEK potentiates EBK neurotoxicity by stimulating the metabolism of EBK to neurotoxic metabolites. The magnitude of the doses used in the present study to produce neurotoxicity and the absence of neurotoxicity in previous subchronic studies suggest that the neurotoxic hazard of EBK is low. PMID- 6546458 TI - Role of acrolein in cyclophosphamide teratogenicity in rat embryos in vitro. AB - To elucidate the role of acrolein in cyclophosphamide (CP) teratogenesis, we used the dechloro derivative of cyclophosphamide (D-CP). After activation, D-CP spontaneously breaks down to yield acrolein and dechlorophosphoramide mustard (D PM), the nonalkylating derivative of phosphoramide mustard. At concentrations ranging from 6.25 to 50 micrograms/ml (33 to 262 microM), D-CP produced concentration-dependent cell death, growth retardation, and malformations in rat embryos cultured in vitro from Day 10 to 11 of gestation. D-PM, however, even at a concentration of 238 micrograms/ml (950 microM), had no effect on embryonic growth and development when added directly to standard culture medium containing Day 10 rat embryos. When embryos were exposed to acrolein (0.025 to 0.1 microgram/ml) directly in serum-free medium, this metabolite produced concentration-dependent decreases in growth parameters and abnormal flexion in some embryos. In no case, however, did acrolein-treated embryos resemble D-CP treated embryos in terms of morphological malformations. Although we were able to show that D-CP was teratogenic in vitro, D-CP doses up to 50 mg/kg administered on Day 11 in vivo had no effect (with the exception of decreased growth at the highest dose) on growth or development at Day 20 of gestation. Our results suggest that acrolein plays a role in CP teratogenesis, but that the form in which it arrives at the teratogenically sensitive sites within the embryo is an important consideration in terms of the relative roles of acrolein and phosphoramide mustard in CP teratogenicity. PMID- 6546459 TI - [Arthrography of the knee joint for demonstration of meniscus injuries]. PMID- 6546460 TI - [How often is goitre absent in patients with Basedow's disease?]. PMID- 6546461 TI - [Bioelectric activity of the brain and glucocorticoid production in patients with hematologic malignancies]. AB - A parallel study of bioelectrical activity of the brain and urine excretion of 17 hydroxycorticosteroids was carried out in 107 patients with various malignant tumors of hemopoietic tissue before, during and after treatment. In all of them, electroencephalography showed excitation of the hypothalamus, the central component of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal system. Moreover, the patients revealed a significant increase in the excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids that pointed to the activation of the peripheral component--the adrenal cortex. Activation of both central and peripheral components suggests that its intermediate component--the pituitary--is activated in patients with hemopoietic system neoplasms, too. PMID- 6546462 TI - [Splenic rupture in lymphoma (two case reports)]. PMID- 6546463 TI - Effects of ox bile on the growth and organogenesis of Hymenolepis microstoma in vitro. AB - Hymenolepis microstoma has been cultured in vitro from 4 to 11 days of age using Eagle's medium (BME) supplemented with horse serum, lamb's liver extract and ox gall (dehydrated bile) in five different concentrations (0.025%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1% all in BME) including a control without the added ox gall. The results of these experiments demonstrated that growth is related inversely to the concentration of ox gall in the media. However, the number of proglottids containing fertilized ova in the "lateral sacs" becomes higher in worms grown in the medium containing 0.025% ox bile than in those grown in the control medium. This number increases with the bile concentration up to 0.2%. It is concluded that bile stimulates oogenesis and in higher concentrations retards the growth of worms. PMID- 6546464 TI - A case of untreated chronic goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis with spontaneous fluctuation between different metabolic levels. AB - Documented thyrotoxicosis developed in a 12 year old girl with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. During the following 3 years there was a spontaneous progression from hyperthyroidism to hypothyroidism and vice versa fluctuating from one metabolic state to another. The diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis was based upon thyroid function tests, elevated titres of antibodies against thyroid constituents, and upon thin-needle biopsy of the enlarged thyroid gland. PMID- 6546465 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and liver disease--evidence for a vitamin D hydroxylation defect. A case report. AB - The case history of a 4 year old girl with primary hypoparathyroidism is reported. Treatment with oral 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 did not result in normal calcium and phosphate levels, whereas treatment with oral 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 did. During the treatment period, the patient developed signs of severe liver disease and died in a picture of increased intracranial pressure. Post-mortem examination revealed a giant cell hepatitis and severe cirrhosis. The clinical course is consistent with a liver vitamin D3 hydroxylation defect. PMID- 6546466 TI - Dynamic alterations in hippocampal morphology following intra-ventricular kainic acid. AB - Several primary and secondary reactions were observed in rat hippocampus at various times following low doses of intraventricular kainic acid. The well documented fulminating lesion of subfield CA3a was evident, however, with the parameters of the present study, the acute neuronal death was restricted to areas which have been shown by others to have an exceptionally dense mossy fiber input. Neurons in subfields CA3c and CA4 also die, however, this was apparent only after a survival time of 2 weeks; prior to this, these cells went through a period of chromatolysis and dendritic swelling. In remaining subfields, principally 'CA2' and CA1, a third type of change was observed at longer intervals of 1 month. This was characterized by neuronal shrinkage and chromophilia and eventual cell loss. The present study provides additional observations on the actions of kainic acid in the hippocampus and may be relevant to the dynamic pathology of temporal lobe epilepsy. PMID- 6546467 TI - Platelet activity in relation to smoke and exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease: effects of platelet antiaggregating drugs. PMID- 6546468 TI - Intake of thiocyanate by way of milk and its possible effect on thyroid function. AB - The keeping quality of milk can be improved if the lactoperoxidase system is activated. To make such an activation efficient the thiocyanate concentration has to be increased. Since, however, thiocyanate has a potent antithyroid effect, thyroid function has been studied in 37 healthy individuals during 12 wk of daily intake of 8 mg thiocyanate by way of milk. The thiocyanate increased significantly in serum and reached a maximum value after 4 wk (+3.8 mg/1). The increased serum levels coincided with an increased excretion in urine (+ 4.8 mg/g creatinine). The levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and thyrotropic hormone were all in the normal range at the beginning of the investigation and no significant changes were found during the experimental period. In conclusion, a daily intake of 8 mg thiocyanate by way of milk does not have any apparent effect on the thyroid function. PMID- 6546469 TI - A decision-analysis methodology for consideration of morbidity factors in clinical decision-making. AB - An explicit and systematic means of incorporation of good medical practice plus individual patient preferences (utilities) for pretreatment and treatment options for a serious but curable neoplastic disease has been investigated. The methodology allows important quality-of-life information to be transmitted to patients, with the goal of providing an improved basis for informed consent. The example of Hodgkin's lymphoma staging and treatment selection is used. Individual patient utilities can be expressed and incorporated into a formal decision analysis for those who face the option of selecting MOPP chemotherapy or of pursuing the staging process in order to obtain a chance of being treated appropriately with irradiation. Equal survival probabilities for the two options are assumed, thus the short- and long-term toxicities (quality of Life) are the determinants of the decision. Patient-derived utilities can be developed for the 15 categories of anticipated toxicity. This, together with probabilistic inputs regarding toxicity severity and duration, will yield expected utilities for each of the decision options. Three physicians were studied and evaluated in the role of a patient. The physicians' toxicity preferences were different and because of this the management option of choice was different for each. This methodology allows explicit patient preferences to be incorporated into medical decisions without the requirement for detailed patient understanding of testing and/or treatment morbidity frequency and severity. PMID- 6546470 TI - Comparison of treatments for symptomatic Hodgkin's lymphoma employing decision analysis. AB - A decision analysis methodology has been developed for addressing a comparison of immediate MOPP chemotherapy without staging to staging followed by medically indicated chemotherapy (MOPP) or radiotherapy (XRT). The patients would have symptomatic Hodgkin's lymphoma. Each test and therapy was previously described in terms of 15 toxicity categories. Each was assigned a probability of the occurrence over the five grades of toxicity. Each grade was assigned an expected duration of the toxicity for each test or therapy. Both actual probabilities and judgmental probabilities were used. Utilities for the 15 toxicity categories were solicited. The staging-test-morbidity outcomes only pertained to decision paths which were directed at a chance to receive XRT as the medically dictated therapy. Relative scalar weights were assigned to each grade IV toxicity of zero utility by three physicians. An additive (linear) model was used to compute composite utilities for the paths. There were three different outcomes for these individuals in the initial analysis: 1) MOPP immediately without staging; 2) MOPP immediately or if staging had proceeded to a negative bone marrow then further staging was preferred; and 3) Staging in order to have any change to receive XRT. When a lower toxicity program of presumed equal efficacy was substituted (ChlVPP) the decision changed so that all three participants now would receive ChlVPP instead of staging based on their personal preferences about morbidity outcomes. Decision analysis can contribute to selection between treatments based on differences in an individual's preferences in regard to varying degrees and spectra of toxicity. PMID- 6546471 TI - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Successful treatment with CHOP combination chemotherapy. AB - A patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis is reported. The patient was treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone as initial management immediately after diagnosis. She obtained a complete remission and remains free of disease 3 1/2 years from the time of diagnosis. The favorable outcome in this patient may be related to her initial limited disease or to the use of initial intensive chemotherapy; nonetheless, the generally unfavorable prognosis of this disease appears to mandate early trials of intensive therapy in most patients. PMID- 6546472 TI - Transfer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 across the perfused human placenta. AB - The rates of placental transfer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3] and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] were determined in an in vitro perfusion system. Antipyrine was included in each perfusion, and the data are expressed as clearance index, the ratio of hydroxyvitamin D3 to antipyrine clearance. In most experiments, serum, 0.2%, was added to the perfusates as a source of vitamin D3 binding protein. Binding as measured by dextran-coated charcoal assay for 25 (OH)D3 was over 90%, for 1,25-(OH)2D3, only 25% to 50%. The clearance index from the maternal to fetal circulation averaged 0.02 and 0.26 for 25-(OH)D3 and 1,25 (OH)2D3, respectively. When vitamin D3-binding protein was omitted from the perfusate, the clearance indices of 25-(OH)D3 were 0.12 and 0.46 in two experiments. Binding to vitamin D3-binding protein is a major determining factor for the transfer rates of 25-(OH)D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3. PMID- 6546473 TI - Differing effects of hydroxy-7-oxotaurine-conjugated bile acids on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion in dogs. AB - The effects on bile flow and biliary lipid secretion of two taurine-conjugated 7 oxo bile acids, 3 alpha-hydroxy-7-oxocholanoyltaurine (I) and 3 alpha,12 alpha dihydroxy-7-oxocholanoyltaurine (II), were measured in the unanesthetized, chronic bile fistula dog. Each synthetically prepared compound, or cholyltaurine as control, was infused intravenously at a physiological rate of 1 mumol X kg-1 X min-1 for randomized 90-min periods. Bile samples were collected and analyzed for biliary lipids (bile acids, phospholipid, and cholesterol) and bile acid composition. Both compounds were secreted efficiently in bile, recovery averaging 90%. The trisubstituted compound (II) induced a greater choleresis and less phospholipid and cholesterol secretion than the disubstituted compound (I) or cholyltaurine. Each oxo compound was partially reduced during hepatic passage: about 47% of I (to mostly chenodeoxycholyltaurine) and about 30% of II (to mostly cholyltaurine). The effect of the individual bile acids on biliary lipid secretion was then calculated by assuming that a) the infused bile acid induced biliary lipid secretion after its hepatic biotransformation and b) each bile acid or its biotransformation product exerted an independent effect on biliary lipid secretion (expressed as a linkage coefficient, e.g., phospholipid secretion/bile acid secretion). For phospholipid, the calculated linkage coefficient for I was 0.31; for II, 0.07. For cholesterol, the calculated linkage coefficient for I was 0.014; for II, 0.003. In vitro studies indicated that the critical micellar concentration (CMC) in 0.15 M Na+ was 22 mM for I and 40 mM for II (compared with 6 mM for cholyltaurine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546474 TI - Elevated 1,25(OH)2D3, intestinal absorption, and renal mineral conservation in male rats. AB - We studied the physiological importance of elevated serum 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] in male rats. Male and female rats of equal weight consumed either a high calcium diet (1.20% calcium; HCD), a low calcium diet (0.02% calcium; LCD), or a normal calcium diet (0.60% calcium; NCD). With all three diets, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was higher in males than females and rose in both sexes with decreasing diet calcium. There was a direct correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and proximal duodenal 45Ca uptake (r = 0.667; P less than 0.001). With NCD, we performed a balance study and found a direct correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D3 and both 5-day fractional calcium absorption (r = 0.703; P less than 0.01) and fractional phosphorus absorption (r = 0.679; P less than 0.01). In addition, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 was directly correlated with 5-day calcium retention (r = 0.772; P less than 0.001) and phosphorus retention (r = 0.830; P less than 0.001). Males grew faster than females (F ratio = 1,194; P less than 0.001). Elevated 1,25(OH)2D3 in males appears to be of biological significance and may help satisfy a greater, growth-related, need for calcium. PMID- 6546475 TI - AIDS surveillance and health education: use of previously described risk factors to identify high-risk homosexuals. AB - Previously defined "risk factors" in homosexuals with Kaposi's sarcoma may not be causative of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) but are an important tool in identifying segments of the homosexual population who are at increased risk for the development of AIDS and who may benefit from health education and surveillance efforts. The epidemiologic characteristics of such a group of homosexuals from a low incidence area (Pittsburgh, PA) are examined and several factors which may account for differences in incidence are briefly discussed. PMID- 6546476 TI - Long-term follow-up of patients with Grave's disease treated by subtotal thyroidectomy. AB - This long-term follow-up study of 83 patients with Grave's disease who were treated by subtotal thyroidectomy reemphasizes the fact that postoperative hypothyroidism occurs primarily in the first postoperative year (27 percent of the study patients). In addition, there was no evidence of progressive increase in the incidence of hypothyroidism in subsequent years. Patients treated with radioactive iodine have a reported incidence of hypothyroidism of 70 percent 10 years postoperatively [4]. The 6 percent incidence of recurrent hyperthyroidism is much less than a reported incidence of 90 percent in patients treated with long-term antithyroid drugs [7]. Subtotal thyroidectomy continues to be an excellent method of treatment for patients with Grave's disease and compared favorably with both radioactive iodine and long-term antithyroid drugs. PMID- 6546477 TI - Neuromuscular blockade in myasthenia gravis with atracurium besylate. AB - The use of atracurium besylate, in small incremental doses, with continuous monitoring of neuromuscular function, is described during upper abdominal surgery in a patient with myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6546478 TI - A use of atracurium infusion. PMID- 6546479 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of total gossypol in cottonseeds and cottonseed meals. PMID- 6546480 TI - The anesthetic management of the patient with an anterior mediastinal mass. PMID- 6546481 TI - Respiratory depression following only 0.4 mg of intrathecal morphine. PMID- 6546482 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by intrathoracic pressure variations--in vivo studies and computer simulation. AB - The effect of intrathoracic pressure variations on the hemodynamics of dogs with cardiac arrest were studied experimentally and simulated on a computer. High intrathoracic pressure (up to 90 mm Hg) was generated by lung inflation with passive and active modes of external fixation. Abdominal binding was found to be essential for the generation of high intrathoracic pressure. Remarkable Doppler flow signals were detected over the femoral artery with each lung inflation. Blood gases measured after 30 minutes of cardiac fibrillation in dogs together with intrathoracic pressure variations showed well oxygenated arterial blood with metabolic acidosis. A computer model was used to explore the effects of intrathoracic pressure variations over a large range of parameters. For intrathoracic pressure of 50/0 mm Hg. the mathematical model predicted maximal flow of 663 ml/min, occurring at a rate of 115 cpm, with a duty cycle of 58%. The heart showed only minor volume changes during the cycle, indicating its main function as a passive conduit during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The data show that intrathoracic pressure variation with no direct heart compression can cause systemic blood flow of the magnitude occurring in most cardiopulmonary resuscitation techniques. PMID- 6546483 TI - Cryopreservation of human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. AB - Human pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) from 30 patients with a variety of pulmonary diseases were tested for their ability to undergo cryopreservation. The cells were cryopreserved and stored under liquid nitrogen for intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 wk, then assayed for viability (using the trypan dye exclusion method as well as the NADH-dependent cytochrome c reductase (cytochrome c) assay) and cellular function (as documented by the measurement of in vitro aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction by benzanthracene (BA) and by quantitation of PAM particulate phagocytosis). These results demonstrated no decrease in PAM viability after 2 wk of cryopreservation compared with that of the control cells (p greater than 0.30, paired, 2-tailed t test). However, PAM viability decreased slightly compared with the 0-time (p less than 0.003 in all instances) when cells were stored for intervals of 4, 6, 8, or 12 wk. In addition, cells demonstrated no further decrease in viability after being cryopreserved for as long as 12 wk, thawed, and cultured for as long as 48 h compared with the 0-time control cells (p greater than 0.10 in all instances). Similarly, when AHH induction was fluorometrically quantitated in PAM cultured for 24 h, there was no decrease in BA-induced AHH levels after a 2-wk cryopreservation period. However, AHH levels decreased slightly compared with those in the 0-time control cells (p less than 0.004), when PAM were stored for longer intervals of 4, 6, or 8 wk. The phagocytic activity of cryopreserved PAM was also quantitated using amorphous silica as a substrate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546484 TI - Ratio of serum triiodothyronine to thyroxine and the prognosis of triiodothyronine-predominant Graves' disease. AB - Triiodothyronine (T3)-predominant Graves' disease is characterized by persistently high serum T3 level, normal serum thyroxine (T4) level, and high (greater than 20) serum T3/T4 ratio (nanograms/micrograms) during thionamide drug therapy. We studied the clinical course of 30 patients with T3-predominant Graves' disease. After receiving drug therapy for 1 to 4 years, 27 patients with T3-predominant Graves' disease had relapses, whereas only 9 control patients with Graves' disease whose serum T3/T4 ratio had become persistently normal (less than 20) had relapses. The T3-predominant patients had greater serum TSH receptor antibody activity, thyroid T4 5'-deiodinase activity, and decreased T3 content of thyroglobulin when compared with the control patients. Our findings show that patients with T3-predominant Graves' disease are unlikely to have a long-term remission with drug therapy. The cause of high serum T3/T4 ratio is due, in part, to the more active thyroid T4 5'-deiodinase that may be mediated by high levels of Graves' immunoglobulin. PMID- 6546485 TI - Isolation, chemical structure, acute toxicity, and some physicochemical properties of territrem C from Aspergillus terreus. AB - Territrem C, a new tremorgenic mycotoxin (C28H32O9; molecular weight, 512.20) was isolated from the chloroform extract of rice cultures of Aspergillus terreus 23 1, which also produces territrems A and B. Isolation, acute toxicity, and some physicochemical properties of territrem C are discussed in this paper. The spectral and chemical evidence indicated that the structural difference between territrem C and territrem B (C29H34O9) was in their phenyl moieties: a 4-hydroxy 3,5-dimethoxy phenyl group in territrem C and a 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl group in territrem B. It was also demonstrated that territrem B was obtained by methylation of territrem C with dimethyl sulfate. PMID- 6546486 TI - Stereo-retained and stereo-selective lactonization of four diastereoisomers of 23,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in homogenates of kidney from vitamin D supplemented chicks. AB - To elucidate the biosynthesis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone, various vitamin D3 derivatives were incubated individually with kidney homogenates prepared from vitamin D3-supplemented chicks, a preparation known to produce the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The 25 hydroxyvitamin D3-26, 23-lactone produced in vitro was then separated, purified, identified, and quantitated by consecutive analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The naturally occurring 23(S), 25(R)-25-hydroxyvitamin D3-26,23 lactone was produced from 23(S),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 25(R),26-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 23(S),25(R),26-trihydroxyvitamin D3. 23(S),25 (S)-25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone was synthesized from 25(S),26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 23(S),25(S),26-trihydroxyvitamin D3. The relative amounts of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactones generated from the following vitamin D3 derivatives used as substrate (23(S),25(S),26-trihydroxyvitamin D3; 23(R),25(R),26-trihydroxyvitamin D3; 23(S),25(R),26-trihydroxyvitamin D3; 23(R),25(S),26-trihydroxyvitamin D3; 23(S), 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 23(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 25(S),26 dihydroxyvitamin D3; and 25(R),26-dihydroxyvitamin D3) are, respectively, 15:1.7:24:3.3:2.5:0:1:1.7. These results indicate that when the lactonization at C-23 and C-26 positions of various vitamin D3 derivatives occurred the stereochemical configuration at their C-23 and/or C-25 positions was not changed and the difference of the stereochemical configurations determined the rate of lactonization. PMID- 6546487 TI - Oxidation of glycine by Pseudomonas putida requires a specific lipoamide dehydrogenase. AB - Pseudomonas putida produces two lipoamide dehydrogenases with molecular weights of 49,000 and 56,000 designated LPD-val and LPD-glc, respectively. LPD-val is required for oxidation of valine, since it is specifically utilized as the E3 component of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase. Since glycine oxidation by bacteria and mammals also requires lipoamide dehydrogenase, we desired to determine which lipoamide dehydrogenase would be used by the P. putida glycine oxidation system. When grown in a medium with glycine as the sole nitrogen source, P. putida produced a single lipoamide dehydrogenase with a molecular weight of 56,000 and which reacted with antiserum to LPD-glc. The partially purified glycine oxidation system from P. putida was stimulated by LPD-glc but not by LPD-val and was inhibited by anti-LPD-glc, but not by anti-LPD-val. It was not possible to detect LPD-val in extracts of cells grown in glucose-glycine medium by the use of anti-LPD-val. LPD-glc was five times as active as LPD-val in catalyzing the oxidation of purified protein H, the heat-stable, lipoic acid containing protein of the glycine oxidation system. These results indicate that LPD-glc is specifically utilized for glycine oxidation in P. putida. PMID- 6546488 TI - Metabolism of monoterpenes: lactonization of (+)-camphor and conversion of the corresponding hydroxy acid to the glucoside-glucose ester in sage (Salvia officinalis). AB - The bicyclic monoterpene ketone (+)-camphor is a major constituent (up to 26%) of the volatile oil of immature sage (Salvia officinalis L.) leaves; however, as the plant matures the content of this ketone declines in the fully expanded leaves (to about 65% of maximum) as does the overall yield of oil (to roughly 60% of maximum). Examination of the metabolism of (+)-[G-3H]camphor in discs prepared from mature leaves of flowering sage plants revealed that this ketone was converted to a water-soluble metabolite which on chromatographic analysis proved to be considerably more polar than a simple monoterpenyl glycoside. Mass spectral analysis of several derivatives of the terpenoid moiety of the metabolite obtained from large-scale incubations allowed identification of the aglycone, while degradative studies and detailed radiochromatographic analyses indicated that the metabolite contained two glucose residues; one glycosidically linked and the other in ester linkage. All of the evidence was consistent with the initial lactonization of camphor to 1,2-campholide followed by conversion to the beta-D glucoside-6-O-glucose ester of the corresponding hydroxy acid (1-carboxymethyl-3 hydroxy-2,2,3-trimethyl cyclopentane). Direct evidence for the intermediacy of 1,2-campholide was also obtained through isotopic dilution experiments and by direct testing of the labeled lactone. The lactonization of camphor in sage resembles a similar step in the catabolism of camphor by microorganisms, but appears to be the first report of this reaction type in higher plants. PMID- 6546489 TI - [Remission maintenance therapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with CHOP protocol]. AB - We have retrospectively studied the problems concerning duration of maintenance therapy and chemotherapy regimens for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma treated at Shikoku Cancer Center Hospital. Four out of 15 complete remission cases had been in complete remission more than 3 years. Maintenance chemotherapy consists of CHOP protocol administering every 4 weeks and the median maintenance duration was 14 months with a median cycle of 14. Thereafter, patients have been followed up without receiving any therapy. The prospective study on maintenance therapy should be designed considering conditions such as 1) sufficient drug doses for cytocidal effects, 2) shorter maintenance period as possible, and 3) minimal side effects and complications to be expected. PMID- 6546490 TI - Diagnostic applications of monoclonal antibodies to human cancer. AB - Monoclonal antibodies elicited to surface antigens on a wide variety of normal and neoplastic cell types have been used with increasing frequency in the diagnosis and classification of cancer. Their widest application so far has been in the in vitro analysis of leukemia and lymphoma using blood or bone marrow samples or tissue biopsy specimens. Although no true leukemia-specific marker has been found, the complex biologic nature of this group of tumors has been shown by monoclonal antibody studies. More recently, these antibodies were produced against solid tumor-associated antigens. The antibodies have helped to identify the tissue of origin of malignant neoplasms and, in some cases, to monitor the course of disease. Carefully chosen panels of monoclonal antibodies will become valuable additions to the diagnostic pathologist's arsenal. PMID- 6546491 TI - Penicillin-resistant pneumococci. AB - Because of reports documenting the occurrence of pneumococci resistant to penicillin, the Microbiology Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists studied the accuracy of various Kirby-Bauer disks in identifying a pneumococcal organism known to be clinically resistant to penicillin. The only disk that showed acceptable performance was the 1-microgram oxacillin disk, using the inhibition diameter of 19 mm or less as the criterion for predicting clinical penicillin resistance. It is particularly important to understand that, at present, penicillin disks do not provide acceptable predictive accuracy. PMID- 6546492 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of invasive candidal infections and candidemia. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography was performed on serum samples obtained from selected patients with infectious diseases. The characteristic chromatographic profile was seen in serum samples from 21 patients with either documented invasive candidiasis or candidemia. Serum samples from ten normal controls, three patients with candidal colonization, and 11 clinically noninfected patients, seven of whom had fevers attributable to malignancies, showed normal chromatograms. The eradication of Candida from deep tissue and/or bloodstream was reflected promptly by a normalization of the chromatograms in all six cases. Use of amphotericin B was safely avoided in three patients with candidemia whose follow-up chromatograms became normal following the discontinuation of intravenous catheterization. This test promises to be useful in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of invasive candidal infections and candidemia. PMID- 6546493 TI - Hemorrhagic myocardial infarction after streptokinase treatment for acute coronary thrombosis. AB - A 37-year-old man with an evolving anterior myocardial infarction received intracoronary thrombolytic therapy six hours after its onset. The restored coronary artery patency was recorded angiographically in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). He died 28 hours after administration of the therapy. Uniform and severe interstitial hemorrhage was present in the area of myocardial necrosis. The distribution of hemorrhage and myocardial necrosis corresponded with the vascular bed of the LAD and was thus consistent with experimental studies that concluded that the hemorrhagic areas were probably confined to muscle that was already necrotic. PMID- 6546494 TI - Renal cell neoplasms. Their relationship to arteriolonephrosclerosis. AB - In retrospective study evaluating the relationship between arteriolonephrosclerosis and renal cortical tumors, renal epithelial tumors were found more often in kidneys with moderate and marked arteriolonephrosclerosis (40%) than in kidneys without or with minimal arteriolonephrosclerosis (8%). This association was found in patients both older and younger than 60 years. The development of renal epithelial tumors is associated with renal scarring; they are not independent age-related phenomena. PMID- 6546495 TI - Cytopathologic features of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) presents a varied but characteristic cytologic pattern in cellular samples obtained by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. In our experience with 17 cases of MCT, ten were identified by cytologic examination. One was acellular. The remaining six were typed as undifferentiated carcinoma (three cases), follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (one case), and cellular adenoma (two cases). Four Hurthle cell tumors and four papillary carcinomas were incorrectly typed as MCT. There was one false positive. Careful consideration of the listed cytologic features should make the FNA biopsy diagnosis of MCT of satisfactory sensitivity for the evaluation of "cold" thyroid nodules. Specificity may be considerably improved by using immunoperoxidase stain for calcitonin granules and/or by large-needle biopsy. PMID- 6546496 TI - Malignant mesenchymoma of the small intestine. AB - We present the clinical and pathologic features of a malignant mesenchymoma of the small intestine. Light and electron microscopic studies of the sarcoma revealed multiple patterns of differentiation, including fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. A recurrence had the morphologic nature of a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Clinically, the neoplasm was not detected by barium contrast radiography, but it was readily defined by sonography and computed tomography. Despite aggressive surgery and chemotherapy, the patient died 15 months after the diagnosis was made. PMID- 6546497 TI - Asbestosis criteria. PMID- 6546498 TI - A unique case of sarcoma botryoides of the infraspinous fossa. PMID- 6546499 TI - Primary plasmacytoma of the stomach. PMID- 6546500 TI - Human generalized argyria. PMID- 6546501 TI - Premelanosomes in clear cell sarcoma. PMID- 6546502 TI - Intracytoplasmic lumina in metastatic melanoma cells. PMID- 6546503 TI - Metaplasia. An overview. AB - Metaplastic changes are common lesions found at widespread locations, occurring in both reactive and neoplastic tissues. Metaplasia has the following characteristics: (1) it can arise not only as a proliferation and transformation of immature (stem) cells, but also as a direct or indirect transformation of mature cells; (2) through metaplasia, a given cell may exhibit epithelial, mesothelial, or mesenchymal characteristics, regardless of the tissue of origin; and (3) its importance lies in that metaplastic changes can often be symptomatic and may simulate tumors clinically, grossly, or histologically. PMID- 6546504 TI - Morphometry of normal human lymphoid tissues. Nuclear parameters for comparative studies of lymphoma. AB - Prior to performing morphometric studies of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, baseline nuclear parameters of the various compartments of normal human lymphoid tissue are needed. Such information was obtained from traced nuclear profiles from a series of human lymph node biopsy specimens and samples of tonsil and spleen. All tissues showed reactive hyperplasia. In combined samples of adult lymph node specimens, nuclear parameters of mantle and paracortical lymphocytes were similar, but were smaller and more regular than small, unstimulated germinal center lymphocytes. Despite variation in mean nuclear size between various lymph node samples, transformed lymphocytes in germinal centers had a constant relationship to the nuclei of small untransformed lymphocytes in these regions. Our results indicate that there is considerable variation in the nuclear parameters of lymphocytes within a specific region of the normal lymph node of each case, but that such differences are difficult to appreciate in histologic preparations. PMID- 6546505 TI - Morphometry of normal human lymphoid tissues. Nuclear invaginations and clefts. AB - We performed morphometric analysis on samples of human lymphoid tissue involved by reactive hyperplasia to assess the basis for the concept of cleaved lymphocyte nuclei in current non-Hodgkin's lymphoma classification. Histologic sections from all regions of lymph node showed considerable variation (usually 9% to 16%) in the proportion of nuclear profiles, with invaginations of at least 0.4 micron. Invaginations sufficiently deep to label nuclear profiles as "cleaved" occurred in 2% or less of lymphocytes of all regions seen on 1-micron plastic-embedded sections. The majority of nuclear invaginations were less than 1.6 micron deep. Analysis of the morphometric data suggests that the nuclei of germinal center lymphocytes undergoing antigen-induced transformation do not progress through a specific phase in which they become increasingly cleft. With the increased angularity and irregularity of lymphocyte nuclear profiles in germinal centers, the "cleaved" appearance of these nuclei in paraffin-embedded sections seems to be due to linear creases and overlapping segments of the nucleus. PMID- 6546506 TI - Malignant lymphoma of skin associated with postmastectomy lymphedema. AB - Malignant lymphoma developed in the dorsum of the hand in a patient with a long standing postmastectomy lymphedema. The tumor subsequently spread to involve skin of the forearm and arm. Growth and spread of malignant cells within the stagnant dilated lymphatics are the likely cause of the characteristic nodular dissemination of the tumor in a lymphedematous extremity, regardless of the type of neoplasm. PMID- 6546507 TI - Growth of malignant histiocytic cells induced by phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Cells from the spleen of a patient with malignant histiocytosis were cultured in methyl cellulose with and without 100 ng/mL of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Colony growth occurred only with PMA; comparing surface marker studies of the cells before and after culture, it was evident that proliferation had occurred among the histiocytic cells as well as the lymphocytes. After exposure to PMA in organ culture for ten days, the histiocytes appeared to be differentiated and showed evidence of continuing phagocytosis by electron microscopy. This suggests that PMA is a mitogen for the histiocytes in this condition and maintains differentiation of the cells. PMID- 6546508 TI - Transient hemophagocytosis in Brucella melitensis infection. AB - Bone marrow phagocytic activity was studied in 40 patients with Brucella melitensis infection and 35 patients with a variety of medical conditions. Evidence of erythrophagocytosis was found in 14 of the 40 patients with B melitensis infection and in 15 of the 35 control cases; this was taken as baseline bone marrow phagocytic activity. Considerably increased erythrophagocytosis or phagocytosis of all blood elements by increased number of histiocytes was found in one and seven patients, respectively, in the brucellosis group. All but one patient with increased phagocytic activity had splenomegaly. These findings may reflect an intense host response in some patients with B melitensis infection. PMID- 6546509 TI - Types of mucosal metaplasia in relation to the histogenesis of gastric carcinoma. AB - One hundred thirty-nine surgically resected stomachs and 16 stomachs obtained at necropsy in China were studied histochemically to evaluate the types and distribution of mucosal metaplasia in relation to benign and malignant disease. Three classes of mucin were distinguished: small-intestinal (N-acylated sialomucin); colonic (sulfated and O-acylated sialomucin); and gastric (neutral mucin). Small-intestinal type of metaplasia (SIM) occurred in 95% of instances of atrophic gastritis, 36% of cases of superficial gastritis, 60% of cases of gastric ulcers, and 39% of cases of duodenal ulcers. Colonic type of metaplasia (CIM) was less common and was found in only 11% of benign lesions. It was located in the antrum, particularly on the lesser curvature. Mucin was present in 66 of 84 carcinomas. The stomach tumors fell into three histochemical groups: colonic (acid mucin), 32; gastric (neutral mucin), 19; and mixed (acidic and neutral), 15. In 94% (30/32) of colonic type of gastric carcinoma, CIM was present. Thus, CIM is related to development of colonic type of gastric carcinoma, whereas SIM is a nonspecific reaction to mucosal damage. PMID- 6546510 TI - Cystic osteolysis induced by silicone rubber prosthesis. AB - Synovitic symptoms and radiologically documented cystic lesions in several carpal bones and distal radius developed two years after the implantation of silicone rubber scaphoid prosthesis for pseudoarthrosis. Open biopsy revealed granulomatous synovitis and osteitis and foreign material in carpal tissues. Ultrastructurally dense material was found in the cytoplasm of histiocytic, often multinucleated cells. Electron-probe analysis of the material showed a definite peak for silicon, proving the causal relationship of symptoms and signs to the silicone rubber prosthesis. PMID- 6546511 TI - Localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the vertebral column. AB - We studied two patients with paravertebral localized pigmented villonodular synovitis. This anatomic location has not, to our knowledge, been previously described as a site for lesions of this type. In one case, a cervical paravertebral lesion first appeared clinically as a hypopharyngeal mass. The other lesion was noticed incidentally by a roentgenogram and had eroded bone in the lumbosacral area of the spine. We believed both lesions to have arisen from synovial membranes of the accessory joints of the vertebral column. PMID- 6546512 TI - Basophilic degeneration of skeletal muscle in hypothyroid myopathy. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - Morphologic and histochemical studies of basophilic degeneration (BD) of skeletal muscle were performed on a 64-year-old woman with hypothyroid myopathy. The BD had staining characteristics of polysaccharide and similarity to the deposits described in cardiac muscle in five of six muscle groups studied and was absent in the diaphragm. The frequent occurrence of BD at the myotendinous junction suggested the necessity of including this area in muscle biopsy specimens of suspected hypothyroid myopathy. Review of the literature indicated a need for more detailed examination of muscle specimens of these patients to determine the clinical implication and biochemical nature of the BD. To my knowledge, the demonstration of a close association of BD and leptomeres and the presence of crystalline structures within the BD have not been described previously. PMID- 6546513 TI - Adamantinoma of the tibia. An eccrine carcinoma. AB - Recent debate concerning adamantinoma of long bone has centered around its histogenesis. The two major proposals have advocated endothelial or epithelial origin. Recent electron microscopic studies and immunoperoxidase evaluation using keratin and factor VIII-related antigen have supported an epithelial derivation. We have studied such a tumor and applied enzyme histochemical techniques in addition to previous methods. Electron microscopy disclosed desmosomes and intermediate-sized filaments. Positive carcinoembryonic antigen and keratin and negative factor VIII-related antigen confirm previous studies and support an epithelial origin. We demonstrated a correlation between enzyme staining of the tumor cells when compared with normal eccrine gland controls. Our evidence thus points to the adamantinoma of tibia as showing eccrine differentiation. PMID- 6546514 TI - Biosynthesis of the chromophore of phycobiliproteins. A study of mesohaem and mesobiliverdin as possible intermediates and further evidence for an algal haem oxygenase. AB - The possible roles of mesohaem and mesobiliverdin as metabolic precursors of phycocyanobilin, the chromophore of phycocyanin, were studied in the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium. Dark-grown cells of this organism, which had been exposed to mesohaem, were either incubated in the dark with 5-aminolaevulinate, which results in excretion of bilins into the suspending medium, or incubated in the light, which results in synthesis of phycocyanin within the cells. By using 14C-labelling, either in the mesohaem or in the 5-aminolaevulinate administered, it was shown that mesohaem is not a precursor of phycocyanobilin in either dark or light systems. However, mesohaem was converted into mesobiliverdin in both systems, a phenomenon that is further evidence for the existence of an algal haem oxygenase. The data also showed that mesobiliverdin is not a precursor of phycocyanobilin. These results suggest that algal bilins are formed via haem degradation to biliverdin in the same way as mammalian bile pigments. PMID- 6546516 TI - Cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in the outer and inner zones of the adrenal cortex. AB - Cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in mitochondria isolated from the outer and inner zones of the guinea pig adrenal cortex was evaluated in order to clarify the role of the zona reticularis in steroidogenesis. It was found that side-chain cleavage activity was three times higher in the outer zone. In addition, ether stress increased side-chain cleavage activity in the outer zone but not the inner zone. The concentration of total and free cholesterol was also found to be higher in the outer zone. However, when exogenous cholesterol was added to mitochondria, there was no enhancement in side-chain cleavage activity in either zone. PMID- 6546515 TI - Phenylhydrazine-mediated induction of haem oxygenase activity in rat liver and kidney and development of hyperbilirubinaemia. Inhibition by zinc-protoporphyrin. AB - Phenylhydrazine was found to be a potent inducer of microsomal haem oxygenase activity in rat liver and kidney, but not in spleen. The phenylhydrazine-mediated increase in haem oxygenase activity was time-dependent. Maximum activity was attained 12h after treatment in the liver, and 24h after treatment in the kidney. The increases in the activity of haem oxygenase in the liver and the kidney could be inhibited by cycloheximide. Furthermore, the increases could not be elicited by the treatment of microsomal preparations in vitro with phenylhydrazine. In consonance with the increased haem oxygenase activity, a marked increase (16 fold) was observed in the serum total bilirubin concentration in phenylhydrazine treated rats. The mechanism of haem degradation promoted by phenylhydrazine in vivo appears to differ from that in vitro; only in the former case is bilirubin formed as the end-product of haem degradation. When rats were given zinc protoporphyrin (40 mumol/kg) 12h before and after phenylhydrazine treatment, the phenylhydrazine-mediated increases in haem oxygenase activity in the liver and the kidney were effectively blocked. Treatment of rats in vivo with the metalloporphyrin also inhibited the activity of splenic haem oxygenase, and promoted a major decrease in the serum bilirubin levels. In phenylhydrazine treated animals, the microsomal content of cytochrome P-450 was significantly decreased in the absence of a decrease in the microsomal haem concentration. The decrease in cytochrome P-450 content was accompanied by an increased absorption in the 420nm region of the reduced CO-difference spectrum, suggesting the conversion of the cytochrome to an inactive form. The marked depletion of cellular glutathione levels suggests that this conversion may be related to the action of active intermediates and free radicals formed in the course of the interaction of phenylhydrazine with the haem moiety of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6546517 TI - Purification and sequence of an opioid peptide derived from ovine proenkephalin. AB - An enkephalin-containing peptide originating from ovine adrenal proenkephalin has been purified and sequenced. The sequence of the peptide is: GLY-GLY-GLU-VAL-LEU GLY-LYS-ARG-TYR-GLY-GLY-PHE-MET (preproenkephalin 128-140) which represents a portion of peptide F (preproenkephalin 107-140). This peptide has a sequence identical to that of bovine preproenkephalin 128-140 while it differs from the corresponding human sequence in positions 129, 131 and 133. PMID- 6546518 TI - Cholinergic lesion of the striatum impairs acquisition and retention of a passive avoidance response. AB - Significant impairments in the acquisition and retention of a step-down passive avoidance task were found in rats with striatal lesions induced by the cholinergic neurotoxin AF64A. No significant differences between control and AF64A-injected rats were found in sensitivity to electric shock or in various measures of spontaneous locomotor activity. Striatal choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was significantly decreased in AF64A-treated rats compared with controls, whereas glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activities were not. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between groups in activities of CAT and GAD in either the cortex or the hippocampus, results that support the specificity of the lesion to the striatum. The passive avoidance deficits found in these rats after intrastriatal injection of AF64A support a role for the striatal cholinergic system in complex behavioral processes. PMID- 6546519 TI - Differences in surface expression of WGA-binding proteins of cells from a lymphosarcoma and its liver metastases. AB - The protein and glycoprotein compositions of a subcutaneous lymphosarcoma (1 degree) and its metastatic deposits in the liver (2 degrees) have been investigated in Triton X-100 extracts obtained from tissue, single cells and membrane preparations. No consistent differences in the electrophoretic patterns for 1 degree and 2 degrees tissue or cells were observed for separations visualized with the protein stain Coomassie Blue. Substantial and consistent reductions in the glycoprotein content of extracts from 2 degrees tissue or cells were observed if the separated proteins were treated with the radioiodinated lectin, Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA). Densitometric scans of autoradiographs indicated that WGA binding occurred in 4 major areas; the approximate mol. wts of these were 180,000, 102,000, 84,000 and 23,000 daltons. All these components except the 23,000 component were shown to be located in the cell membrane and to be reduced in 2 degrees preparations. Possible sources of host contamination were also investigated, but these did not show WGA binding patterns that were similar to that obtained for the tumour. If 2 degrees tumour was transplanted into the 1 degree site, the resultant growth exhibited a WGA-binding pattern normally shown by a 1 degree tumour growing in this site. Conversely, if 1 degree tumour was transplanted into the liver, the WGA binding of the resultant growth was substantially reduced. The results suggest that local and metastatic tumours do contain cells that express different glycoproteins on their surfaces but that the site of tumour growth is a very important factor in determining this difference in surface expression. PMID- 6546520 TI - Isolation and sequence analysis of three cloned cDNAs for rabbit liver proteins that are related to rabbit cytochrome P-450 (form 2), the major phenobarbital inducible form. AB - We have isolated from rabbit liver three cDNA clones of 1400-1800 base pairs that hybridize selectively to RNA from animals treated with phenobarbital. The nucleotide sequences of the cDNAs have been determined. In the protein coding region the nucleotide sequences of two of the cDNAs are 88% homologous, and the third cDNA is about 72-74% homologous to the other two. All three are 55-60% homologous to rat liver cytochrome P-450b cDNA. The amino acid sequences derived from the cDNA sequences are about 50% homologous to those of rat liver cytochrome P-450b and rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 (form 2). The degree of homology differs substantially in different regions of the protein. The hydrophobicity profiles of these five mammalian cytochromes P-450 are very similar and contain up to eight regions of hydrophobicity that are long enough to span a membrane. These results indicate that these three cDNAs code for rabbit liver cytochromes P-450 which are different from any rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 for which amino acid sequence information is published. These cDNAs are part of a family of genes that are related to rabbit liver cytochrome P-450 (form 2) and rat liver cytochrome P-450b which are the major phenobarbital-inducible forms. The divergence of amino acid sequence between the rat and rabbit forms and the divergence of nucleotide sequences of silent sites in the two most closely related rabbit forms suggest that cytochromes P-450 have a relatively high rate of amino acid divergence compared to many other vertebrate proteins. PMID- 6546521 TI - Subunit binding in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine kidney and heart. AB - Binding of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) to the isolated dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from bovine heart and kidney was investigated with equilibrium, competitive binding, and kinetic methods. E2, which consists of 60 subunits arranged with icosahedral 532 symmetry, apparently possesses six equivalent, noninteracting binding sites for E3 dimers. It is proposed that each E3 dimer extends across 2 of the 12 faces of the E2 pentagonal dodecahedron. The equilibrium constant (Kd) for dissociation of E3 from E2 is about 3 nM, and the dissociation rate constant is about 0.057 min-1. For E1, Kd is about 13 nM, and the dissociation rate constant is about 0.043 min-1. Extensive phosphorylation of E1 (about three phosphoryl groups per E1 tetramer) increases Kd to about 40 nM. PMID- 6546522 TI - Primary structure of wheat germ agglutinin isolectin 2. Peptide order deduced from X-ray structure. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of wheat germ agglutinin isolectin 2 has been determined by the method of sequential Edman degradation and with the aid of the three-dimensional structure known from X-ray crystallography. Peptides ranging from 2 to 18 residues in length were obtained by thermolysin digestion of the S carboxymethylated protein and purified by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography. The peptide order was established primarily by matching (carboxymethyl)cysteines with the clearly defined half-cystine positions in the X ray structure, thereby satisfying the disulfide repeat pattern observed in all four isostructural domains (A, B, C, and D) of wheat germ agglutinin, and by examination of amino acid compositions and terminal sequences of ten tryptic peptides. The unique assignment of peptides to these domains was consistent with all invariant half-cystines and glycines, as well as the single tryptophan, the two closely spaced histidines, and a number of other residues clearly identified in the X-ray structure analysis. Discrepancies between the chemical and X-ray sequences lie exclusively in poorly defined regions of the electron density map, at the N- and C-termini, and at the first intercystine loop of each domain. The latter loop was found to be eight instead of six residues in length, thus extending the size of domains A, B, and C from 41 to 43 residues and that of domain D to 42 residues. Regions of extensive interdomain homology, in addition to that of the half-cystines, are clustered at the central portion of each domain fold and are likely to be important for the integrity of the three-dimensional structure of the dimer molecule. PMID- 6546523 TI - Fluorescence of fluorescein attached to myosin SH1 distinguishes the rigor state from the actin-myosin-nucleotide state. AB - It has been found that the fluorescence intensity of 5-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein (5-IAF) attached to the SH1 of myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) increases 3-fold on formation of the rigor complex. On adding Mg2+-ADP, light scattering indicates no dissociation, but the fluorescence increment disappears. Thus, this fluorescence signal can distinguish the rigor state from other states, especially from ternary complexes such as actin-myosin-nucleotide. We demonstrate that by using this signal we can measure spectroscopically several kinetic parameters of acto-S-1 nucleotide interaction: In the presence of 20 mM KCl, 2 mM MgSO4, and 10 mM TES (pH 7.5) at 22 degrees C, Mg2+-ADP binds to acto-S-1(5)* (S-1(5) denotes 5-IAF labeled S-1) with a Ka = 2 X 10(6) M-1, and Mg2+-PPi binds to acto-S-1(5)* with two apparent affinities, Ka = 8 X 10(4) M-1 and 1.4 X 10(3) M-1; the association rates of Mg2+-ADP and Mg2+-ATP for acto-S-1(5)* are 10(7) s-1 M-1 and 4 X 10(6) s 1 M-1, respectively, and the dissociation rate of Mg2+-ADP for acto-S-1(5)* is 5 s-1. In contrast to the fluorescence intensity of the dye, the lifetime and the absorbance are essentially unaffected by complex formation with F-actin or nucleotides. Therefore, we conclude that there must be a static quencher such as Trp, Tyr, or Met in the neighborhood of the attached dye and that the contact between dye and quencher is modulated by actin-induced or nucleotide-induced conformational changes in S-1. PMID- 6546524 TI - The effect of oral contraceptives on rat platelet membrane glycoproteins. AB - Female rats were administered oral contraceptives and the levels of sialic acid on platelet membrane and granule glycoproteins were compared to controls using a sialic acid assay and a fluorescein-conjugated wheat germ agglutinin binding assay and also by measuring the binding of 125I-labelled wheat germ agglutinin to glycoprotein bands from platelets separated by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The contraceptive-treated rats showed increased levels of glycoprotein sialylation which may partly explain the altered physiological function of the platelets. PMID- 6546525 TI - Structure and function of Hb Saint-Jacques (alpha 2 beta 2 140 (H18) Ala----Thr): a new high-oxygen-affinity variant with altered bisphosphoglycerate binding. AB - A low P50 value in a fresh red blood cell suspension was discovered in a polycythemic patient (Hb 19 g X dl-1). Routine acid and alkaline electrophoreses of the hemolysate were identical to normal hemolysate. Isoelectrofocusing (pH gradient 6-8) did not reveal any abnormal band whether performed with the fully liganded or deoxygenated samples. Precise analyses of the oxygen dissociation curves of the propositus' red cells demonstrated a biphasic Hill plot, a normal Bohr effect and low interaction with 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG). Studies on the unfractionated hemolysate confirmed these observations and the inhibition of the effect of organic phosphates. Structural studies were carried out on the mixture of beta A + beta X chains and revealed the presence of two beta Tp14 peptides. Sequencing the abnormal beta Tp14 peptide showed the substitution Ala-- -Thr of the beta 140 (H18) residue. This new variant was named Hb Saint-Jacques. Examination of the three dimensional model of HbAo indicates that the substitution beta 140 (H18) Ala----Thr induces van der Waals interactions with the nearby lysine-82 (EF6) and leucine-81 (EF5) and a displacement of the EF corner of the beta chains. This is likely to change the normal position of the lysine-82 (EF6), a major anionic binding site in the central cavity between the two beta chains. Functional studies confirm the interpretation of a steric hindrance inhibiting the binding of large organic phosphates to Hb Saint-Jacques. PMID- 6546526 TI - [Test of the efficacy of low-molecular tetanus antitoxin]. AB - Experiments on rabbits, white rats and mice with experimental tetanus intoxication were made to study and compare the efficacy of the tetanus antitoxin Diaferm-3 and its Fab'-fragments. Fab'-fragments were discovered to be more effective in the early stages of intoxication, when injected in fairly high doses and partially when administered intracarotidally. Intracisternal injection of the antitoxin Diaferm-3 appeared the most effective for the treatment of demonstrable intoxication. PMID- 6546527 TI - [Treatment of experimental metabolic alkalosis by sorbamine]. AB - A new infusion solution called alkamine has been developed for the treatment of metabolic alkalosis. It contains amino acids in the form of hydrochlorides (arginine, lysine and histidine hydrochlorides), potassium chloride and sorbit. The solution has been tested in anesthetized cats with experimental metabolic alkalosis induced by the injection of sodium hydrocarbonate solution. In control experiments without any therapy, a stable alkalytic shift of acid-base balance in the blood, a fall in the blood pressure, hypopotassemia and death of the animals within the first days were observed after experiments. The treatment of metabolic alkalosis by alkamine (25 experiments) entailed a complete correction of acid base balance and hypopotassemia, stabilization of blood pressure and the survival of 23 out of the 25 animals. Alkamine solution has been approved for clinical trials by the Pharmacological Committee of the Ministry of Health of the USSR. PMID- 6546529 TI - Mycotic cervical carotid aneurysm. PMID- 6546528 TI - CFU-C inhibitors in aplastic anaemia. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 15 patients with marrow aplasia were tested for their ability to inhibit the proliferation of normal granulopoietic precursor cells (CFU-C) in agar culture, relative to the inhibitory effect of normal lymphocytes studied in parallel. Eight of the 15 patients with marrow aplasia had lymphocytes which were significantly less inhibitory to normal CFU-C than controls whereas 3 patients had lymphocytes which were significantly more inhibitory. Two further patients who had recovered from marrow aplasia were also studied. The effect of patient's plasma and normal plasma on normal CFU-C proliferation was also studied and in 1 case a potent inhibitor of granulopoiesis was demonstrated. In 9 cases CFU-C could be cultured from patient's marrow, and parallel studies examining the effects of lymphocytes or plasma on patient's CFU C were performed in these. All 9 patients had low numbers of marrow CFU-C. In none of the 9 marrow samples tested was inhibition by patient lymphocytes significantly greater than normal controls. The results highlight the heterogeneity inherent in the study of aplastic states and serve to underline the importance of controls. In only a minority of cases (20%) was lymphocyte suppression of normal granulopoiesis by lymphocytes from patients with aplastic anaemia significantly greater than normal lymphocyte suppression. PMID- 6546530 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men: A study of four societies. AB - The prevalence of venereal disease among homosexual men was investigated by looking at non-clinic patients from Sweden, Australia, Finland, and the Republic of Ireland. Results showed significant differences between nationalities in the incidence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, other sexually transmitted diseases (STD), number of variables of presentation to STD clinics, and number of infections. Data were interpreted as indicating that social and cultural factors may influence incidence of STD in male homosexuals. PMID- 6546531 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in Thailand. PMID- 6546532 TI - Phase II trial of amsacrine in metastatic or locally recurrent squamous cell carcinoma from head and neck primaries: a Southwest Oncology Group study. PMID- 6546533 TI - Amsacrine (m-AMSA) in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a Southwest Oncology Group study. PMID- 6546534 TI - Gastrointestinal permeability in food-allergic eczematous children. AB - Gastrointestinal permeability has been studied in a group of clinically proven food-allergic eczematous children and compared with a control group using lactulose and L-rhamnose as probe markers. No significant difference was demonstrated in baseline permeability measurements between eczematous and control children using isotonic or hypertonic oral loading. Similarly after antigen challenge permeability results showed no significant difference from the controls although two of the ten eczematous children challenged showed increased permeability to lactulose. These findings support the hypothesis that once sensitized the physiological absorption of dietary antigen may be sufficient to maintain an allergic response in the skin. PMID- 6546535 TI - Arthroscopic meniscectomy. An interim report at three to four years after operation. AB - Review of the records at the time of final office visits of one hundred and thirty-four patients who underwent arthroscopic subtotal meniscectomy and interview of one hundred and two of these patients three to four years after surgery revealed that symptoms related to disruption of the meniscus can be totally or significantly relieved in 99.3% of cases. Meniscal symptoms did not recur in the absence of reinjury three to four years later, despite the occasional presence of associated pathologic joint conditions. Arthroscopic meniscectomy has proved safe and effective, and it is associated with low postoperative morbidity and early return to function. Preservation of a peripheral rim of meniscus in contrast to total meniscectomy offers the theoretic advantages of preservation of some degree of joint stability and load distribution to diminish the risk of premature degenerative articular changes. PMID- 6546537 TI - The radioiodine treatment of Graves' disease. Predictable unpredictability. PMID- 6546536 TI - Recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism. AB - The first clinically and biochemically documented case of recurrent thyrotoxicosis after I-131 induced hypothyroidism in a patient with Graves' disease is reported. Two months after the administration of 9.2 mCi of I-131, the subject developed hypothyroidism. One month later, the patient became euthyroid. Then, nine months following ablation, the patient again developed thyrotoxicosis. A second dose of I-131 of 12.5 mCi was required to finally produce permanent hypothyroidism. This case illustrates the recurrence of hypothyroidism after what had seemed to have been adequate I-131 radiation. PMID- 6546538 TI - A pocket calculator program for pharmacokinetic dosing of drugs exhibiting single compartment first-order elimination and zero-order or first-order absorption. AB - A pocket computer program has been designed to assist clinicians in the appropriate administration of most drugs exhibiting single compartment first order elimination and either zero-order (intravenous infusions) or first-order (intramuscular and oral) absorption. The program utilizes well-established pharmacokinetic parameters to calculate an optimal drug dose and dosing interval based upon a patient's demographic characteristics and the drug half-life, volume of distribution, and absorption rate constant or infusion time. It also allows the user to estimate peak and trough drug serum concentrations. When measured serum concentrations are available during steady state, it is possible to determine individual patient drug half-life and volume of distribution for more accurate adjustments in dose and/or dosing interval. Usage of this program should enable clinicians to better select effective but safe drug dosing regimens based on individual patient needs and characteristics. PMID- 6546539 TI - Pseudo-obstruction of the colon following cesarean section. PMID- 6546540 TI - Effect of tea on gastric acid secretion. AB - The gastric acid response to a 200-ml cup of tea was measured by in situ titration in 36 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) and 56 without duodenal ulcer (controls). Tea resulted in an acid secretory response which was almost equal to that after a maximal dose (0.04 mg/kg) of histamine. The effect of tea was mainly due to its local chemical action on gastric mucosa. Tea without milk and sugar resulted in an acid response higher than that evoked by a maximal dose of histamine. The concentration of tea brew that had the greatest effect on gastric acid secretion was 15 g/200 ml, which was three times as much as that in a palatable cup of tea. Tea is a potent stimulant of gastric acid, and this can be reduced by adding milk and sugar. PMID- 6546541 TI - Sucralfate suspension for stomatitis. PMID- 6546542 TI - The parametrization of the electromyographic signal: an approach based on simulated EMG signals. PMID- 6546543 TI - Biochemical and histomorphometric characterization of a rat model for humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. AB - Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a common but incompletely understood syndrome in humans. In an effort to define an animal model of this syndrome, we studied the transplantable Rice-500 Leydig cell tumor in male Fisher rats. Animals were studied 4-9, 10-12, and 13-14 days after tumor transplantation. By days 13-14, tumor-bearing animals were significantly hypercalcemic, hypercalciuric, and hyperphosphaturic compared to control animals. Fractional phosphorus excretion was elevated 4-fold in the tumor-bearing group despite hypophosphatemia. Mean nephrogenous cAMP in the tumor-bearing animals was 5 times the value in controls at days 13-14, while simultaneous immunoreactive PTH levels were undetectable. Plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D was significantly elevated in the tumor-bearing animals on day 14. Quantitative bone histomorphometry showed uncoupling of bone cell function in the tumor group, with marked suppression of bone formation, while indices of bone resorption were more than 2-fold elevated. Conditioned medium from tumor cells grown in culture consistently showed activity in a fetal bone-resorbing assay. This activity was heat stable and had an estimated mol wt of 30,000-50,000 daltons. Incubation of cells with indomethacin had no effect on bone-resorbing activity. These data indicate that the mediator in the model shares some of the actions of PTH, but is clearly distinct from native PTH. The findings exactly parallel those in human humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy, with the elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D values being the sole exception. The demonstration of in vitro bone-resorbing activity will aid in further characterization of the mediator. PMID- 6546544 TI - Infusions of parathyroid hormone in ruminants: hypercalcemia and reduced plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. AB - The relationship between infused synthetic bovine PTH-(1-34) and plasma concentrations of minerals and vitamin D metabolites was studied in eight calves (150-230 kg) and two thyroparathyroidectomized goats. Calves were infused iv with saline for 15-20 h. Then, calves were infused with one of three types of solution for an additional 35-h period. Three of the eight calves received 3 ng/kg X min (group H), three received 0.75 ng/kg X min (group L), and the remaining two calves received control saline over a 33-h period (group C). Blood samples were taken every 4-6 h. Plasma calcium, phosphorus, hydroxyproline, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] remained relatively constant in control calves. PTH infusions into calves in group H resulted in an increase in plasma calcium from 2.4 to a plateau of 3.0 mmol/liter. PTH infusion caused no change in plasma phosphorus, but increased urinary excretion of phosphorus. Infusion of PTH caused a moderate increase in urinary calcium excretion, followed by pronounced calciuria after PTH withdrawal. Plasma concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D decreased from about 30 pg/ml at the start of infusion to undetectable levels (less than 5 pg/ml) at the end of the infusion and for 30 h thereafter. Similar, but less pronounced, changes in plasma calcium and 1,25-(OH)2D concentration were observed in group L. Hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia developed in the two lactating goats after thyroparathyroidectomy, and plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations were decreased. PTH infusion (3 ng/kg X min) corrected the hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia and markedly raised plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations. When calcium chloride was infused in addition to PTH, the resulting hypercalcemia (3 mmol/liter) was associated with a marked reduction in plasma 1,25-(OH)2D. We conclude that the concentration of calcium in plasma has the major regulatory role on plasma 1,25-(OH)2D concentrations in ruminant species when potentially conflicting signals, such as hypercalcemia and high PTH concentrations, are present simultaneously. PMID- 6546545 TI - Rapid increase of calcitonin-specific mRNA after acute hypercalcemia. AB - The regulation of calcitonin (CT) secretion by calcium was studied by measuring CT mRNA extracted from thyroids of normal rats subjected to acute calcium stimulation in vivo. The 15000-Mr primary translation product of CT mRNA was identified by immunoprecipitation using specific antibodies. While total mRNA and total radioactivity incorporated after translation of total mRNA remained unaffected by the calcium stimulation, a fourfold increase in radioactivity incorporated in CT primary translation product occurred as early as 2 min after calcium administration. This peak coincided with a rise in plasma levels of the hormone and preceded a detectable decrease in tissue stores. These results suggest that calcium ion, either directly or indirectly via its action on intracellular stores of the hormone or its precursors, causes a rapid increase in cell levels of translatable CT mRNA. In view of the extremely short time (2 min) in which this increase occurs, the action is probably at the post-transcriptional level as no increase in CT mRNA levels could be detected by hybridization assay using a specific cDNA probe for human CT mRNA. PMID- 6546546 TI - Calmodulin activates bovine-cardiac myosin light-chain kinase by increasing the affinity for myosin light-chain 2. AB - The basic mechanism by which calmodulin activates bovine-cardiac muscle myosin light-chain kinase was investigated using highly purified preparations of mixed bovine-cardiac myosin light chains or isolated myosin light chain 2. The apparent contamination of these substrate proteins by calmodulin, as detected by activation of calmodulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase, was less than 4 parts/million and was undetectable by antibodies against calmodulin. The apparent KA for calmodulin was 2 nM and 20 nM in the presence of isolated myosin light chain 2 and mixed myosin light chains, respectively. Purified bovine cardiac troponin C activated myosin light-chain kinase by about 10% at a concentration of 2 microM. Mixed myosin light chains were phosphorylated in the absence and presence of calmodulin and in the presence of calcium with a V of 11.1 and 11.0 mumol phosphate transferred min-1 (mg enzyme)-1, respectively. The apparent Km values for mixed myosin light chains were 8.0 and 0.35 mg/ml in the absence and presence of calmodulin, respectively. Similarly calmodulin lowered the Km value for isolated myosin light-chain 2 over 20-fold and increased the V value only about 1.5-fold. Activity observed in the absence of calmodulin was dependent on the presence of calcium and was suppressed by chelating free calcium either before or during a phosphorylation reaction. The apparent KA for calcium was 1.2 microM and 0.4 microM in the absence and presence of calmodulin. Activity in the absence of calmodulin was inhibited at very high concentrations of the 'specific' calmodulin antagonists W-7, trifluoperazine and R24571 with apparent IC50 values of 0.3 mM, 0.2 mM and 0.02 mM. Antibiotics raised against calmodulin suppressed completely the kinase activity in the presence of calmodulin but had no effect on the activity measured in its absence. These results suggest that calmodulin stimulates the activity of bovine-cardiac myosin light-chain kinase by increasing over 20-fold the affinity for its substrate myosin light-chain 2. PMID- 6546547 TI - Storage protein precursor polypeptides in cotyledons of Pisum sativum L. Identification of, and isolation of a cDNA clone for, an 80000-Mr legumin-related polypeptide. AB - An 80 000-Mr polypeptide, which bound to anti-legumin IgG, was detected among labelled polypeptides from cotyledons at late stages of development. When poly(A) containing RNA from similar cotyledons was translated in a cell-free protein synthesizing system, an 80 000-Mr polypeptide was also detected. Immunoprecipitation of translation products with anti-legumin IgG showed that, in addition to the major legumin precursor polypeptides of Mr approximately 60 000, the 80 000-Mr polypeptide was specifically immunoprecipitated. A cDNA clone, pCD32, was found to select an RNA coding for an 80 000-Mr polypeptide in hybrid selection experiments. Additional minor polypeptides of Mr 63 000 and 65 000 were present in translation products of RNA selected by pCD32; all three polypeptides were immunoprecipitated by anti-legumin IgG. Thermal elution of RNAs bound to pCD32 showed that the affinity of pCD32 to the RNA coding for the 80 000-Mr polypeptide was greater than to the RNAs coding for the 63 000-Mr and 65 000-Mr polypeptides. In similar hybrid-selection experiments, another cDNA clone, pCD40, selected RNAs coding predominantly for polypeptides of Mr 63 000 and 65 000. A minor polypeptide of Mr 80 000 was also detected among these products; again all three polypeptides were immunoprecipitated by anti-legumin IgG. Peptide mapping revealed close similarities between the 80000-Mr polypeptide and the 63 000-Mr/65 000-Mr polypeptides obtained by translation of RNAs selected by pCD32. There were similarities also between maps obtained from translation products of RNA selected by pCD32 and those obtained from anti-legumin IgG immunoprecipitates of total translation products of poly(A)-containing RNA. PMID- 6546548 TI - Dissociation of supraspinal and spinal morphine analgesia by reserpine. AB - Reserpine antagonized systemic morphine analgesia as measured by tail-flick latency but the antagonism was surmountable by increasing the morphine dose. Reserpine had no effect on the intrathecal morphine analgesia while the analgesic action of intraventricular morphine was practically eliminated by reserpine. PMID- 6546549 TI - Light pentobarbital anesthesia diminishes the antinociceptive potency of morphine administered intracranially but not intrathecally in the rat. AB - The antinociceptive activity of morphine administered intracerebrally in the periaqueductal gray or intrathecally was compared in adult male rats in the awake and lightly pentobarbital-anesthetized states. The potency of morphine administered intrathecally was the same in both the awake and lightly anesthetized states. In contrast, the antinociceptive potency of morphine administered intracerebrally was attenuated significantly in the lightly anesthetized state. It is suggested that pentobarbital depresses the descending inhibitory pathway(s) activated by morphine administered in the periaqueductal gray. PMID- 6546550 TI - The complete sequence of human preprocalcitonin. AB - DNA complementary to mRNA extracted from the thyroid glands of patients suffering from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT), a calcitonin-producing tumour, was inserted in the Pst site of pBR 322 by G-C tailing. The recombinant plasmids were used to transform Escherichia coli DP 50. Ampicillin-resistant clones were screened using a 32P-labelled cDNA to mRNA extracted from a case of MCT particularly rich in calcitonin (CT) mRNA. Positive clones were subsequently rescreened using a 32P poly(T) probe. Eighty clones were thus purified, and the inserts obtained by digestion with PstI were subjected to positive hybridization selection with subsequent translation in vitro. An insert stimulating synthesis of the protein and containing restriction sites compatible with the previously published complete sequence of calcitonin mRNA from rat was sequenced. This cDNA insert contained the entire coding region of 426 bp, 70 bp at the 5'-end, and 295 bp upstream from the poly(A) tail. The complete amino acid sequence of human preprocalcitonin could thus be deduced. PMID- 6546551 TI - Purification of testicular anti-Mullerian hormone allowing direct visualization of the pure glycoprotein and determination of yield and purification factor. AB - An improved method is described for the purification of anti-Mullerian hormone from incubation medium of bovine fetal testes, using RIA to optimize the yield at different steps. Proteins present in incubation medium are precipitated by ammonium sulphate at 30-45% saturation and subjected to ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. The bulk of the hormone is eluted from the ion exchanger by a 0.12 M concentration of NaCl. Purification is achieved by immunochromatography on a monoclonal antibody: usually, addition of extraneous protein to the eluting buffer is required, but can be dispensed with if a second, cumulative, immunochromatography is performed by pooling the eluates from the first procedure. AMH obtained by this procedure has been studied using Coomassie blue and immunoblotting, and compared with fucose-labelled AMH, which is recognized by the same monoclonal antibodies as the carrier of the anti-Mullerian biological activity. In the absence of reducing conditions, several multimers, from 145 000 to 235 000 in molecular weight, are present. Reduction of disulphide bond linkages results in the disappearance of the multimeric forms, and the appearance of a 72 000 monomer. Equivalence between RIA and weight units has been established in one experiment: one AMH unit corresponds to 15 micrograms of protein. Pure AMH isolated by this procedure is highly bioactive at a concentration of 200 mU/ml. PMID- 6546552 TI - Unequal activation by estrogen of individual Xenopus vitellogenin genes during development. AB - Using a technique of filter hybridization under very stringent conditions to HindIII fragments of complementary DNA cloned in plasmids, we have measured the accumulation in hepatocytes of mRNA specified by each of the four vitellogenin genes (A1, A2, B1, B2) at different stages of development of Xenopus laevis. The ontogenic competence of embryonic liver to respond to the first exposure to estradiol-17 beta, in terms of activation of transcription of this multigene family, is acquired late in metamorphosis at around Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 58. Upon hormonal induction, the four mRNAs accumulate under non-steady-state conditions at different rates and to different extents at all developmental stages in vivo and in cultured adult hepatocytes. A1 and B1 mRNAs appear more rapidly and accumulate to levels that are five- to eightfold those specified by genes A2 and B2, with higher amounts of B1 than A1 mRNA. A threefold higher absolute rate of synthesis of A1 and B1 mRNAs in hepatocyte cultures, relative to the A2-B2 pair, suggests that hormonal regulation of differential accumulation of vitellogenin mRNA occurs at the transcriptional level. At the early developmental stages (up to stage 61) of acquired competence, there appears to be no fixed pattern of expression, but a pattern of unequal activation of individual genes of the Xenopus vitellogenin multigene family is established thereafter and then retained at all developmental stages of tadpoles, froglets, and in both male and female adults. PMID- 6546553 TI - [Management software for reports of digestive endoscopies: an 8-month experience with 3500 tests]. AB - A program using a 5 M-byte hard disk microcomputer system has been used routinely for eight months in our digestive endoscopy center, both to prepare medical reports and to store patient data. This program has been written by computer engineers in close collaboration with members of our medical staff. Using the program does not need any special training. The system is based on three main files: a) a text file contains text fragments of variable length (max. 300 characters), identified by a three character alpha-numeric code. These phrases, always the same, allow to standardize the reports; however, new formulations may be added at any time; b) a patient file stores medical data concerning the patients (max. 20,000 patients) in coded form. This file allows statistical studies and multifactorial sorting; c) a physician file stores the references of the correspondents (max. 1,000 physicians). Three main functions are available: a) report construction, b) statistical studies, c) fast edition of complete reports (available for the 45 last reports). Using this program should allow substantial savings by assuring a complete independence of report writing, which is done by the endoscopist himself. By establishing a thesaurus of keywords and keyphrases in digestive endoscopy, the method should facilitate multicenter studies. PMID- 6546554 TI - Hospitals sell own systems, discover receptive market. PMID- 6546555 TI - Design software trims construction costs. PMID- 6546556 TI - Teleplot: a computing system for objective analysis of fetal heart rate recordings. AB - In human pregnancies, fetal heart rate recordings are useful both in predicting and in preventing imminent fetal death. Although an objective numerical measurement of such recordings is preferable to visual analysis, few obstetric centres have the computer expertise to implement this. Here we describe the principles of a technique whereby the fetal heart rate versus time trace may be transferred into computer memory for further processing in a numerical and objective fashion. The methodology is valid howsoever the fetal heart rate is detected. PMID- 6546557 TI - A minicomputer program for rapid graphical and statistical analysis of laboratory data. AB - The utility of a FORTRAN program package, which enables the scientific investigator to make a rapid assessment of laboratory data is described. Data are submitted from the keyboard or specified disk files in the form of coordinate pairs. The program includes routines for plotting values as a series of X-Y pairs on the computer video monitor or for comparing the X and Y arrays via paired differences and Student's t-test. A least squares linear regression of plotted data may also be called. Data modification, curve fitting, and I/O are easily handled in either single pair or column format. Examples of both statistical and graphical data analysis are presented. PMID- 6546558 TI - INAKT--an interactive non-linear regression program for enzyme inactivation and affinity labelling studies. AB - An interactive program for analysing enzyme activity-time data using non-linear regression analysis is described. Protection studies can also be dealt with. The program computes inactivation rates, dissociation constants and promotion or inhibition parameters with their standard errors. It can also be used to distinguish different inactivation models. The program is written in SIMULA and is menu-oriented for refining or correcting data at the different levels of computing. PMID- 6546560 TI - Andrew Taylor Still memorial lecture: the osteopathic difference--is it only manipulation? PMID- 6546559 TI - ESMIS--a computer-based emergency medical services management information system. Part 2. Database design. AB - In this paper, the emergency medical services system of a health care organization are investigated. The result of this investigation is an on-line Emergency Medical Services Management Information System (ESMIS). ESMIS is implemented using the TOTAL database management system. Reports illustrating the system's performance are also provided. Part 1 (this issue) outlined the ESMIS design procedure, while part 2 is concerned with the specifications of the system's outputs. PMID- 6546561 TI - Lymphosarcoma and associated immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia in horses. AB - Three horses with equine lymphosarcoma were examined because of clinical signs including chronic weight loss, respiratory distress, peripheral edema, and chronic colic. Clinicopathologic findings included evidence of an immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia also was diagnosed in 1 of the horses and suspected in another. One horse died in spite of treatment, 1 died 5 hours after surgical removal of a tumor encircling the jejunum, and 1 was euthanatized because of deteriorating condition. Necropsy of each horse revealed extensive neoplastic infiltration of peripheral lymph nodes and abdominal or thoracic viscera with neoplastic lymphocytes. PMID- 6546562 TI - Studies on a new nucleoside antibiotic, dapiramicin. II. Isolation, physico chemical and biological characterization. AB - New nucleoside antibiotics, dapiramicins A and B produced by a Micromonospora sp. SF-1917, have been isolated by column chromatography on Diaion HP-20 and silica gel. Physico-chemical properties suggested that they are disaccharide nucleosides. Dapiramicin A underwent epimerization, under acidic condition, into epidapiramicin A. Although dapiramicin A generally exhibits no in vitro activity, it is very effective against the sheath blight of rice plants caused by Rhizoctonia solani in a green house test. PMID- 6546563 TI - Akrobomycin, a new anthracycline antibiotic. PMID- 6546564 TI - Luteinizing hormone secretion after withdrawal of exogenous progestogen in heifers fed three levels of dietary energy. AB - As experiment was conducted with 15 Angus X Hereford heifers that were 16 mo of age at the time the experiment was initiated. The heifers were assigned randomly in equal numbers to be fed low (L), maintenance (M) or high (H) energy diets for 191 d. Overall average weight for heifers at the time the experiment was initiated was 294 +/- 6 kg. All heifers were exhibiting estrous cycles at regular intervals and estrus was synchronized using a progestogen implant (norgestomet) in combination with an injection of estradiol valerate and norgestomet before initiation of dietary treatments. Dietary treatments started at time of implant removal and this day was designated as d 0. Blood samples were collected every other day from d 150 to 160 and progesterone concentrations were quantified to evaluate estrous cycle activity. In order to resynchronize the reproductive state, all heifers were retreated with norgestomet implants and injected with the estradiol valerate and norgestomet combination on d 160. Implants were removed on d 170. Serial blood samples were collected for 4-h periods at 20-min intervals starting at 0, 10, 20 and 30 h after implant removal and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were quantified. Progesterone was quantified in samples collected at daily intervals (170 to 191 d) to evaluate whether a normal estrous cycle occurred subsequent to removal of the implant. Four of five heifers in each of the L and M treatment groups were not cycling, whereas all heifers in the H treatment were cycling at the time of progestogen implantation on d 160.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546565 TI - Pesticide, heavy metal, and other chemical residues in infant and toddler total diet samples. (III). August 1976-September 1977. AB - The Total Diet Study has been conducted by the Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, since 1964 to monitor the diet of adults, and more recently the infant and toddler diet, for residues of pesticides and other chemicals. This report presents the residues found in 12 infant and toddler market baskets, i.e., items comprising the average 2-week diet of infants and toddlers, collected in 12 major cities in 4 geographical areas from August 1976 through September 1977. The analyses for each market basket were performed on composites of each of 11 food classes, and the results are presented in a variety of formats. In addition to chemical residues, the market baskets were also analyzed for 6 heavy metals: arsenic, lead, selenium, zinc, cadmium, and mercury. Results of recovery studies conducted with residue compounds of various types are also included in this report. The results for the adult market baskets for the same period are published as a separate report. PMID- 6546566 TI - Pesticide, metal, and other chemical residues in adult total diet samples. (XIII). August 1976-September 1977. AB - Since 1964, the Food and Drug Administration has reported residues of pesticides and other chemicals in the average diet of the United States' heartiest eater, the young adult male, through the Total Diet Study. This report is the thirteenth in the series and includes results of analyses for 25 market basket samples collected from August 1976 through September 1977 in 20 different cities throughout 4 geographical areas. All food items were divided into 12 different composite food classes, and 25 composites, 1 from each market basket, were prepared and analyzed for each food class. Averages and ranges of pesticide and chemical residues are presented in various formats, together with results for the following heavy metals: zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury, arsenic, and selenium. Individual items making up the dairy composites and the meat-fish-poultry composites were analyzed separately for 4 market baskets and are presented as a part of this report. Recovery studies of pesticides and chemicals added to each of the various food classes are also included. PMID- 6546567 TI - Pesticide, heavy metal, and other chemical residues in infant and toddler total diet samples. (IV). October 1977-September 1978. AB - The Food and Drug Administration has conducted the Total Diet Study since 1964. The program originally focused on the average total diet of the young adult male but was eventually expanded to include the average total diets of infants and toddlers. This report is the fourth in the infant and toddler series and represents residues found in market basket samples, i.e., items comprising the average 2-week diet of infants and toddlers, collected in 10 different cities throughout 4 geographic areas of the United States from October 1977 through September 1978. The results are based on analyses of food composites representing 11 food classes into which all the food items were separated. Averages and ranges are reported for residues of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and selected metals and industrial chemicals. Recovery results are also included for various representative compounds added to a variety of food classes. The results for the adult market basket samples for the same reporting period are presented in a separate report. PMID- 6546568 TI - Pesticide, metal, and other chemical residues in adult total diet samples. (XIV). October 1977-September 1978. AB - Residues of pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and selected industrial chemicals and metals have been reported since 1964 through the Total Diet Study conducted by the Food and Drug Administration. This report, which is the fourteenth in the series, includes data for the adult diet market basket samples collected from October 1977 through September 1978 in 20 cities throughout 4 geographical areas. All items from each market basket were separated into 12 food classes for analysis, and the averages and ranges of the residues found are presented in various formats. In addition to the 240 composites analyzed, the individual items making up the dairy composites and the meat-fish-poultry composites were analyzed separately for 4 market baskets. The results of a recovery study in which composites were fortified with the more commonly reported residue compounds are also presented as a part of this report. Results for the infant and toddler Total Diet market baskets for the same period are published in a separate report. PMID- 6546569 TI - Evidence for a nickel-containing carbon monoxide dehydrogenase in Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus. AB - In growing cultures of Methanobrevibacter arboriphilicus (Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus), the synthesis of active carbon monoxide dehydrogenase required nickel. The 21-fold-purified enzyme from 63Ni-labeled cells of M. arboriphilicus comigrated with 63Ni during gel filtration. These results provide evidence that the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase of methanogens is a nickel protein. PMID- 6546570 TI - Cloning and regulation of messenger RNA for mouse apolipoprotein E. AB - A cDNA clone for mouse apolipoprotein E has been identified from a mouse liver cDNA library by a combination of differential colony hybridization and hybrid selection-translation. The identity of the clone was unambiguously established by partial sequencing and comparison with human apolipoprotein E nucleotide and amino acid sequences. In conjunction with an in vitro translation assay for apolipoprotein E, the clone has been used to examine the relative levels of apolipoprotein E mRNA in various tissues of the mouse and the regulation of apolipoprotein E synthesis in response to a diet rich in saturated fat and cholesterol. In the tissues examined, the clone was found to hybridize to a polyadenylated RNA species of approximately 1400 nucleotides. Of the tissues involved in lipoprotein synthesis, liver is very rich (about 1% of total) in apolipoprotein E mRNA while intestine contains only trace amounts. Appreciable levels of active apolipoprotein E mRNA (up to 10% of that in liver) are also detected in peripheral tissues not associated with lipoprotein synthesis, including lung, kidney, spleen, and heart. Thus, extrahepatic apolipoprotein E synthesis may contribute significantly to the levels present in plasma, and a possible function in "reverse cholesterol transport" is considered. When mice were placed on a high lipid diet there was no discernible change in the level of apolipoprotein E mRNA in liver or intestine, although the level of the circulating protein increased about 3-fold. We conclude that in mice the effect of diet on apolipoprotein E levels in blood does not result from induction of mRNA in these tissues. PMID- 6546571 TI - Glucocorticoid regulation of pro-opiomelanocortin gene transcription in the rat pituitary. AB - The effect of glucocorticoids on pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene transcription in the rat pituitary has been investigated by an in vitro nuclear runoff transcription assay. Both dexamethasone and corticosterone had rapid inhibitory effects on POMC transcription in the anterior lobe but not in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary. These effects were maximal during the first hour after injection of the steroid. Bilateral adrenalectomy had a time-dependent stimulatory effect on anterior lobe POMC transcription, presumably because of the removal of endogenous glucocorticoids. This study shows that the well documented inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on POMC mRNA in the pituitary anterior lobe are due at least in part to an inhibition in POMC mRNA synthesis. PMID- 6546572 TI - Transcriptional control of ornithine aminotransferase synthesis in rat kidney by estrogen and thyroid hormone. AB - Ornithine aminotransferase, a mitochondrial matrix enzyme, is expressed constitutively in many mammalian tissues and is subject to complex hormonal and dietary regulation in rat liver and kidney. The kidney enzyme is induced by estrogen and thyroid hormone (3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine, T3). We demonstrated previously that the hormonal induction in kidney is the result of an increase in ornithine aminotransferase mRNA levels (Mueckler, M. M., and Pitot, H. C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 1781-1784). In order to define further the level at which the enzyme is induced in the kidney, the transcriptional activity of the ornithine aminotransferase gene was measured after hormonal induction. This was accomplished by incubating purified kidney nuclei in an in vitro transcription reaction in the presence of [32P] UTP and hybridizing the nascent, 32P-labeled, nuclear RNA to cloned ornithine aminotransferase cDNA immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. Administration of estrogen resulted in an increase in the rate of ornithine aminotransferase gene transcription by 1 h, and the rate remained elevated until at least 20 h after administration. The activity of the gene was elevated 12 h after T3 administration. A lag time of at least 4 h was observed for the effect of T3 on ornithine aminotransferase gene transcription. When administered in combination, estrogen and T3 exerted a synergistic effect on the activity of the gene. The administration of estrogen or both estrogen and T3 also resulted in the increased steady state level of two putative ornithine aminotransferase nuclear precursor RNAs, 3190 and 4260 nucleotides in length. PMID- 6546573 TI - On the mechanism of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of uridine to uracil. Evidence for 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrouridine intermediates. AB - In acidic media, the 5,6-double bond of uridine is rapidly hydrated to give a small amount of 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrouridine (Urd-H2O), the mechanism of which is known from studies of the acid-catalyzed dehydration of Urd-H2O (Prior, J. J., Maley, J., and Santi, D. V. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2422-2428). In addition to dehydration, Urd-H2O also undergoes direct hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond in acidic solution. The kinetics of the above reaction demonstrates that Urd-H2O, or an intermediate in the pathway leading from Urd to Urd-H2O, is kinetically competent to account for the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of Urd. The hydrolysis of (1'-2H)Urd proceeds with an alpha-secondary deuterium isotope effect of kH/kD of 1.11 at 25 degrees C. This isotope effect is sufficiently large to implicate carbonium ion character at the 1'-carbon during hydrolysis but, since it is not the maximal value expected, suggests that N-glycoside cleavage is rate-determining with a transition state intermediate between reactant and products. Importantly, the hydrolysis of [6-3H]Urd proceeds with a substantial inverse secondary isotope effect of kT/kH = 1.15 at 25 degrees C which indicates some degree of sp2 to sp3 rehybridization of C-6 of the pyrimidine moiety during hydrolysis. From the data available, it appears that an important pathway in the hydrolysis of the N-glycoside bond of Urd involves either spontaneous cleavage of Urd which is protonated at the 5-carbon or a protonated species of Urd-H2O. The studies described here, together with the known susceptibility of the 6-position of pyrimidine heterocycles toward nucleophiles, permits the proposal of chemically reasonable mechanisms for enzyme catalyzed cleavage of N-glycosidic bonds of pyrimidines. PMID- 6546574 TI - The early time course of calcium-binding protein induction by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 as determined by computer analysis of two-dimensional electrophoresis gels. AB - The time course of calcium-binding protein induction by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was examined in embryonic chick duodena by single-label autoradiography. Duodena were excised from 19-day-old embryos, cultured for 24 h in defined medium, and exposed to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 at 1/2, 1, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, 4, 6, and 20 h before the end of the culture period. Control duodena were identically handled but were not exposed to the hormone. All duodena were pulsed with [14C]leucine during the final 30 min of incubation. Cytosolic proteins, extracted from each radiolabeled tissue, were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiographs were prepared from the resulting gels. Calcium-binding protein was detectable by autoradiography in duodena cultured with hormone for 1 h or more but not in the control duodena. The autoradiographs were converted to digital images by a scanning densitometer and entered into the Man-computer Interactive Data Access System. The total radioactivity incorporated into calcium binding protein during the 30-min pulse was determined by computer analysis of the digitized autoradiographs, and the rate of calcium-binding protein biosynthesis was calculated. Duodena cultured with hormone for 1-20 h synthesized calcium-binding protein at rates of 129 +/- 17 to 8800 +/- 110 pg/mg of cytosolic protein/30 min. These rates demonstrate that calcium-binding protein is induced within the first hour of exposure to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, but in amounts too small to be detected by commonly used immunoassays. PMID- 6546575 TI - Effects of parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on tubular handling of phosphate in hypophosphatemic rickets. AB - A controlled metabolic study to examine the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment on the renal handling of phosphate was conducted in nine patients with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets, including one with autonomous secondary hyperparathyroidism. Administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in uniform reduction in serum PTH from 63.6 +/- 14.7 (SD) to 49.3 +/- 14.8 muleq/ml (P less than 0.01), elevation of the tubular threshold for phosphate (TmP/GFR) from 1.41 +/- 0.30 to 1.90 +/- 0.31 mg/dl (P less than 0.01) and increase in serum phosphate from 2.6 +/- 0.7 to 3.4 +/- 1.1 mg/dl (P less than 0.01) in eight PTH-suppressible patients. Four patients treated with phosphate before and during the study (group A) excreted significantly more phosphate than those not treated with phosphate (group B) (P less than 0.001). In the control period, group A also had depressed TmP/GFR and higher concentrations of serum phosphate and PTH. With 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment, serum phosphate in group A became remarkably higher than in group B, 4.28 +/- 0.99 vs. 2.55 +/- 0.31 mg/dl (P less than 0.02), whereas serum PTH and TmP/GFR were similar in both groups. A good inverse linear correlation was found between mean serum PTH and mean TmP/GFR of the groups before and after treatment (r = 0.947); whereas, no correlation was found between TmP/GFR and serum calcium. The patient with autonomous secondary hyperparathyroidism, who was also treated with phosphate, had the lowest TmP/GFR. Administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on the serum PTH and phosphate concentrations or on TmP/GFR. We conclude that in patients with X-linked dominant hypophosphatemic rickets PTH modulates to some extent the tubular handling of phosphate, and that the importance of this mechanism increases with therapeutic phosphate supplementation. Simultaneous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 suppressed PTH activity, raised serum phosphate concentrations, and elevated TmP/GFR. PMID- 6546576 TI - Evaluation of free thyroxine methods in the presence of iodothyronine-binding autoantibodies. AB - Circulating iodothyronine-binding autoantibodies interfere with total T4 and T3 RIAs, giving falsely high or falsely low values depending on the assay separation method used. Direct serum free T4 (FT4) measurement should compensate for such abnormal binding if the method is free of artefact. We assessed 5 different FT4 methods in 12 patients with immunoglobulin binding of iodothyronines, with limited assessment of a sixth method in 2 subjects. Thyroid status was assessed clinically and by measurement of TSH and its response to TRH. T4 methods which use analog tracers, i.e. Amerlex, and Clinical Assays One-step FT4, gave spuriously high values in almost all hypothyroid and some euthyroid patients, due to immunoglobulin binding of the tracers used in these techniques. The kinetic indirect method (Corning Immunophase FT4) gave inappropriately high values in 4 of 6 hypothyroid patients. FT4 by equilibrium dialysis or by adsorption chromatography and RIA, accurately assessed thyroid status. These findings suggest that FT4 methods are valid in patients with circulating iodothyronine binding immunoglobulins only if the free hormone fraction is physically separated from serum binding proteins before the assay procedure. PMID- 6546577 TI - Calcitriol but no other metabolite of vitamin D is essential for normal bone growth and development in the rat. AB - To determine the relative importance of different metabolites of vitamin D in bone growth and development, weanling male rat pups suckled by vitamin D deficient mothers were given either calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) by continuous subcutaneous infusion, oral calcidiol (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), or oral 24,24-difluoro-25-hydroxycholecalciferol, a synthetic compound that can undergo 1-hydroxylation but not 24-hydroxylation, as their sole source of vitamin D for 40 d. Pups raised in the same manner, but given no vitamin D, served as controls. The three metabolites compared were given in doses that restored normal plasma calcium levels and normal increments in body weight. After in vivo double tetracycline labeling, bone histomorphometry by standard methods was performed on one femur and one tail vertebra. There were no significant differences between the three metabolite-treated groups in length, periosteal or endosteal diameter, cortical cross-sectional area, cortical porosity, osteoid thickness and volume, appositional rate and bone formation rate in the femur, or in qualitative and quantitative indices of endochondral ossification in the tail vertebra. All three groups differed markedly from the untreated controls with respect to all measurements. Collectively, the data indicate that neither calcidiol nor any 24 hydroxylated metabolite of calcidiol is needed in the rat (other than as a precursor) for longitudinal or transverse bone growth, for normal endochondral ossification, or for normal periosteal and endosteal formation, mineralization, and resorption of bone. Calcitriol was fully active with respect to each of the indices listed when given in a manner resembling its continuous endogenous production by the kidney, suggesting that previous reports of incomplete skeletal response to calcitriol result from its rapid clearance and infrequent oral administration. We demonstrated that calcitriol is the only metabolite that is both necessary and sufficient for normal bone growth and development in the rat, but our data do not indicate the extent to which its beneficial skeletal effects were mediated by direct action on bone, either of calcitriol itself or of some metabolite thereof, or by restoration of normal plasma levels of calcium and phosphate. PMID- 6546578 TI - Caveat emptor: assessing needs, evaluating computer options. AB - A variety of services and microcomputer programs are available for providing the dietitian with a mechanized diet-analysis system for calculating nutrients from food records or recipes. They differ widely in the content of their data bases, cost, ease of use, reporting of results, flexibility, and other features. The characteristics of seven programs available by mail order from diet-analysis service vendors and five microcomputer programs were compared. The results of analysis of a one-day food record using various systems and coding by three different operators were compared. Differences by both system and operator were apparent. Nutritionists need to recognize that for some programs the reliability and the validity of data are uncertain. When making purchasing decisions for nonresearch applications, the nutritionist is advised to compare systems and services and to consider carefully whether mechanized diet analysis is of sufficient benefit in the delivery of high-quality nutrition care to offset its cost. The dietitian who chooses to use computerized diet analysis has a responsibility for making sure that reported results are reasonable and for interpreting results to other health professionals and to patients. PMID- 6546579 TI - Circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in pregnancy: a longitudinal study. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations were studied sequentially during the gestation and the postpartum period of 84 obstetrically normal women. Both the percentage and absolute numbers of total peripheral blood lymphocytes decreased in the second and third trimester. Although there was a further decrease in percentage numbers 1 wk postpartum, the absolute numbers returned to normal. Absolute numbers of OKT3+ and of OKT4+ cells decreased in the second and third trimesters; OKT8+ cells decreased in the third trimester only. Absolute numbers of all T cells returned to normal postpartum. The absolute numbers of B lymphocytes, while showing no consistent pattern, decreased significantly in the third trimester and in the second postpartum period; however, the percentage values of all lymphocyte subpopulations did not alter during or after pregnancy. The data do not support the concept that a numerical imbalance in the T cell subpopulations has a causative role in the immunodeficiency of pregnancy. PMID- 6546580 TI - Natriuretic hormones: at last, bottled in bond? PMID- 6546581 TI - Importance of renal prostaglandins in control of renal function after chronic ligation of the common bile duct in dogs. AB - To explore the possible vasoregulatory role of renal prostaglandins during liver disease, excretory rates of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and a metabolite of PGI2, 6k-PGF1 alpha, were determined before and after chronic ligation of the common bile duct in 23 dogs. Bile duct ligation for 50 +/- 3.7 days (mean +/- SEM) significantly increased serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6k-PGF1 alpha excretion rates were significantly (p less than 0.01) increased following chronic bile duct ligation, by approximately 100%, 80%, and 500%, respectively, with similar increments in both ascitic and nonascitic animals. In 10 sham ligated animals, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6k-PGF1 alpha excretion rates were unchanged. In 6 dogs sequential measurements of urine prostaglandins indicated that PGE2 and 6k-PGF1 alpha excretion were significantly increased at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after ligation, whereas the increase in PGF2 alpha excretion was not significant until 6 weeks. Indomethacin (2 mg/kg) reduced prostaglandin excretion by 65% to 90% and significantly increased arterial pressure, decreased glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, and increased renal vascular resistance from 0.53 +/- 0.09 to 0.90 +/- 0.13 mm Hg/ml/min. Fractional renal blood flow, assessed by microspheres, was disproportionately reduced in the inner cortex after prostaglandin inhibition in the chronic bile duct ligation group. Indomethacin did not significantly alter renal function in sham animals, despite comparable reductions in prostaglandin excretion. These data demonstrate that, in dogs with experimental liver disease produced by chronic bile duct ligation, renal prostaglandin synthesis is increased, and the enhanced synthesis of vasodilatory prostaglandins serves to maintain renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 6546582 TI - Artificial intelligence and the education of the learning disabled. PMID- 6546583 TI - Metabolic variation among alpha-motoneurons innervating different muscle-fiber types. I. Oxidative enzyme activity. AB - We have examined the oxidative metabolism of rat alpha-motoneurons innervating muscles composed predominantly of one muscle-fiber type. Intramuscular injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) (approximately 94% fast-twitch glycolytic fibers, FG), tibialis anterior (TA) (approximately 66% fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic, FOG; 32% FG), and soleus (SOL) (approximately 84% slow-twitch oxidative, SO) muscles permitted identification of motoneurons innervating these muscles. gamma-Motoneurons (less than 25-micron average soma diameter) were eliminated from the sampling. The alpha-motoneurons innervating the TFL were considered as FG, those innervating the tibialis anterior as FOG, and those of the soleus as SO. Alternate 5-micron serial cryostat sections were processed for HRP and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-diapharase (NADH-D) (oxidative enzyme) activities. Controls were included to assure reliability of reaction product quantitation. Motoneuron pools of each muscle were characterized by their shape and location within the ventral horn. Cells identified on HRP sections as innervating each of the muscles were located on sections processed for NADH-D activity. The optical density of motoneurons in sections processed for NADH-D activity was measured with a Zeiss Zonax MPM 03 microdensitometer. The mean relative NADH-D activities (optical density) of alpha-motoneurons innervating the TFL (FG), TA (FOG), and SOL(SO) muscles were 0.261, 0.305, and 0.447, respectively. Although some overlap in distribution of enzyme activities was observed, statistical analysis indicated significant differences between the NADH-D activities of each type of alpha motoneuron. This is the first report of any metabolic difference in alpha motoneurons belonging to different motor-unit types.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546584 TI - The Nd:YAG laser in neurosurgery. Part 1. Laboratory investigations: dose-related biological response of neural tissue. AB - The biological response of normal cat brain to Nd:YAG laser light was studied both in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the potential safety of this laser for coagulation in brain tissue. Transmission studies revealed a blood:brain absorption ratio of 100:1 indicating the selective absorption of Nd:YAG light by hemoglobin and enabling Nd:YAG light to selectively heat blood vessels compared to brain tissue. In vivo temperature recordings and pathological evaluation demonstrated a remarkable ability of the brain to dissipate the thermal energy produced by Nd:YAG light with only a small amount of structural damage. Powers of 10 W applied for 8 seconds using a 1.2-mm focused probe resulted in a penetration depth in normal brain of only 2 mm. Thermal recordings also revealed that blood is heated to 90% of its maximum temperature within 3 seconds, while the brain temperature increases linearly as the duration of the laser pulse is increased. In addition, the localized heating of brain tissue was cooled rapidly within seconds following cessation of the laser pulse. These findings indicate that by using short, intermittent pulses of light focused upon blood vessels, damage to the surrounding tissue can be minimized, and the Nd:YAG laser can be used safely as an adjunctive measure for hemostasis in many neurosurgical procedures. PMID- 6546585 TI - The Nd:YAG laser in neurosurgery. Part 2. Clinical studies: an adjunctive measure for hemostasis in resection of arteriovenous malformations. AB - The Nd:YAG laser has been used safely to aid in the resection of 10 cases of parenchymal arteriovenous malformations (AVM's). The laser was found helpful for: 1) defining the plane between the AVM and the brain; 2) coagulating any dural component of the AVM; and 3) achieving hemostasis of the bed following resection of the lesion. However, its overall benefit in the resection of AVM's remains to be determined, as it could not arrest active high-flow bleeding from the thin walled vessels feeding the deep portion of the AVM. This was attributed to the inherent characteristics of these vessels, since the instrument has been effective in non-AVM arteries of similar dimensions containing contractile elements in the vessel walls. Future refinements in focusing instrumentation and operative technique should enhance its capabilities and usefulness. When used within the recommended power range, the Nd:YAG laser is safe and its penetration predictable. The fiberoptic cable light delivery system allows excellent mobility of the handpiece, but the protective eyewear laser-light filters reduce the available light to the surgeon. The instrument appears promising but more work is required. PMID- 6546586 TI - The effect of components of rabbit pulmonary surfactant on the activity of phospholipases. AB - This study investigates the ability of two components of pulmonary surfactant, protein and phosphatidylglycerol, to inhibit the action of phospholipases against phosphatidylcholine. Broncho-alveolar protein, prepared by de-lipidation of rabbit lung lavage material had an inhibitory effect on phospholipases A1 and A2 from rabbit lung lysosomes, comparable to the effect of bovine serum albumin. The degree of inhibition was found to increase with increasing enzyme activity. De lipidated broncho-alveolar protein was separated into two fractions by gel chromatography. Inhibitory activity was associated only with the second peak, corresponding to rabbit albumin. The effect of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) on the activity of phospholipases A against dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (USPC) was investigated, and compared with the effects of two substrate analogues on the hydrolysis of USPC. There was no indication of true inhibition by PG, but some stimulation of USPC hydrolysis by 10 mol % PG. The relevance of these findings to the fate of surfactant in vivo is discussed. PMID- 6546587 TI - Origin of anti-Mullerian hormone in bovine freemartin fetuses. AB - The origin of AMH responsible for Mullerian duct regression in bovine freemartins has been reinvestigated, using a sensitive RIA for this hormone. Between 50 and 80 days, Mullerian duct regression occurs simultaneously in males and freemartins. Both twins exhibited high and positively correlated serum AMH concentrations, whereas gonadal in-vitro production of AMH and biological anti Mullerian activity were detectable at a low level only in 2 out of 13 freemartins. In the gonads of approximately half the freemartins after 80 days, seminiferous tubules differentiated and the gonads produced AMH, but the output was very low compared to that of the male twin. These data suggest that regression of Mullerian duct in freemartins is essentially mediated by AMH produced by the testes of the male twin. PMID- 6546588 TI - The functional competence of human spermatozoa recovered after vasectomy. AB - Progressively motile spermatozoa were present in 42/47 (89%) of post-vasectomy specimens, and in 16 of 24 samples (66%) demonstrable fertilizing potential could be detected in the zona-free hamster egg assay. The mean +/- s.e.m. post vasectomy penetration rate of 20.6 +/- 6.0% was, however, significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the pre-vasectomy value of 49.7 +/- 6.4%. After vasectomy the concentration of motile spermatozoa in the ejaculates declined in a manner that was significantly correlated with the post-operative time interval. The spermatozoa also lost their potential for fertilization, although functionally competent spermatozoa were still being recovered from ejaculates produced 8 days after vasectomy. These results emphasize the ability of human spermatozoa to retain some residual fertilizing potential when stored at core body temperature in sites distal to the epididymis, and suggest a role for functional tests in the management of the vasectomized male. PMID- 6546589 TI - Hashimoto's thyroiditis associated with dysthyroid eye disease, pretibial myxoedema and thyroid acropachy. PMID- 6546590 TI - Potential antitumor agents. 40. Orally active 4,5-disubstituted derivatives of amsacrine. AB - The DNA-intercalating agent amsacrine is an effective drug for the treatment of human leukemias and lymphomas but has minimal solid tumor activity. As a first step in identifying analogues with a wider spectrum of activity, a comparison was made of the in vivo antileukemic (P-388) activity of amsacrine analogues given by oral (po) and intraperitoneal (ip) routes. A series of 4-substituted and 4,5 disubstituted derivatives all showed high activity when administered ip against ip-implanted P-388, but activity varied widely when the compounds were given orally. 4-Methoxy and 4-carbamoyl derivatives proved essentially inactive, whereas 4-methyl and 4-methylcarbamoyl derivatives retained activity. Exceptional oral activity was shown by the 4-methyl-5-methylcarbamoyl derivative, making this amsacrine derivative worthy of further testing. PMID- 6546591 TI - Potential antitumor agents. 41. Analogues of amsacrine with electron-donor substituents in the anilino ring. AB - The preparation and antitumor activity of a series of 3'-alkylamino and 3' dialkylamino analogues of amsacrine are reported. The results support previous work suggesting that the presence of electron-donating groups in the 3'-position of the anilino ring substantially enhance the antitumor activity of amsacrine analogues, possibly by the provision of high levels of electron density at the 6' position. The alkylamino derivatives generally possess tighter DNA binding, higher levels of in vitro and in vivo antileukemic activity, and greater aqueous solubility than the corresponding amsacrine analogues. PMID- 6546592 TI - Resident research, part-time. AB - During residency training, research must be cost-effective in these times of constraint. Its value lies in helping the resident critically analyse each clinical problem and understand the basic physiopathologic processes, in adding new skills, in preparing the resident for an academic career, in improving abilities in writing and speaking, and in providing the satisfaction of accomplishment. The principal limitations on a full year in research are inadequate funds for support and the unwillingness of residents to take that much time out of their clinical training. Alternatives are for the resident to take 1 or 2 afternoons each week during clinical training to work on an ongoing project in an established laboratory or, preferably, to formulate an original project and carry it out under supervision in the departmental laboratory, or in the cystoscopic, operating or outpatient facilities. To do this requires an interested, available preceptor, a stimulating idea (preferably the resident's), a limited experimental design, regular time free from clinical duties, and enough funding and help. Opportunities exist in most programs but enthusiasm and direction is required to realize them. Since a declining number of physicians are applying to the National Institutes of Health, it is important that students and residents become stimulated to enter fields of research. But such stimulation requires support. PMID- 6546593 TI - Anaesthesia and development of some experimental tumours. AB - Present work is based on the data of experimental studies on the influence of inhalatory (ether, chloroform, halothane and methoxyfluorane) and intravenous anaesthesia (neurovegetative block and neuroleptoanalgesia) upon the tumour growth and metastasization as well as the level of corticosteronemia in surgical trauma. It has been revealed that the narcosis may change the course of the tumorous process both by means of its action on the endocrine part of the organism-tumour system and immediately (halothane) due to its cytostatic action. Obviously, anaesthesia may appear one of the factors influencing the results of multifactoral therapy of tumorous diseases. PMID- 6546594 TI - Etiologic theory for Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 6546595 TI - [Computer program for processing lung scintigrams]. AB - The paper is concerned with an algorithm of a program for pulmonoscintigram processing. The program developed in the algorithmic languages Basic and Assembler on the basis of this algorithm, made it possible to facilitate the data processing, to lower a physician's competence as a computer operator, to raise the objectivity of diagnosis of pulmonary diseases, etc. The program is intended for computers Vip-450, Vip-550 and MCS-560, Technicare, USA. PMID- 6546596 TI - [Effect of fractionated irradiation of tumor-bearing animals on their survival]. AB - The authors investigated a possibility to use murine lymphosarcoma LS/BL for a study of the efficacy of fractional irradiation of tumor-bearing animals. Apart from the normal LS/BL cell line, LS/BL-CI cell line was used which was constantly irradiated at a low dose rate (5 P/hour). The therapeutic effect of fractional irradiation manifested itself in case of LS/BL only, whereas in case of constantly irradiated cells the result of irradiation and growth of tumor cells, on the contrary, summarized. It was determined that both lines have approximately the same D0 value and that no changes in the ability of the reparation of lethal injuries were observed in the chronically irradiated LS/BL cell line. Using a method of colony formation in the liver a significant ability of the reparation of a sublethal injury was shown in case of a constantly irradiated population. PMID- 6546597 TI - [Anti-ulcer agents. Clinico-experimental findings]. PMID- 6546598 TI - Prostitution and sexually transmitted disease. PMID- 6546599 TI - Medico-social aspects of a house of prostitution. AB - All the women working in a Sydney house of prostitution were surveyed for one year for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and other medical problems, and for the contraceptive methods they used. Considerable potential morbidity from STD was noted, particularly pelvic inflammatory disease (23 episodes). Contraception was an area of unsatisfactory practice. Suggestions are made for the clinical management of these women, with the intention of diminishing the impact of STDs on them and, as a direct result, rendering them less infectious, to the benefit of the community. It is hoped that greater knowledge will improve the standard of current debate about prostitution. PMID- 6546600 TI - STD in prostitutes. PMID- 6546601 TI - STD and prostitution. PMID- 6546602 TI - Combination chemotherapy with vincristine (NSC-67574), procarbazine (NSC-77213), prednisone (NSC-10023) with or without nitrogen mustard (NSC-762)(MOPP vs OPP) in children with recurrent brain tumors. AB - Seventy-three patients under 18 years of age with a recurrent central nervous system tumor were randomized to receive combination chemotherapy with MOPP or OPP. Patients were stratified according to the tumor type into four major disease categories: (1) medulloblastoma, (2) astrocytoma and other glioma, (3) ependymoma, and (4) miscellaneous tumors to provide equal distribution of patients for each treatment within each disease category. Evaluation of response was based on computerized brain scan findings. Thirty-five patients received MOPP and 38 received OPP treatment. There were three complete and six partial remissions among patients receiving MOPP and one complete and five partial remissions among patients receiving OPP. In addition, six patients on MOPP had stable disease for seven to 21 months. Only two patients on OPP had stable disease(6 and 36 months). Most of responses in both treatment regimens occurred in patients with medulloblastoma and astrocytoma. Median duration of remission was nine months for the MOPP and 11 months for the OPP. Two patients on MOPP regimen had fatal myelosuppression. Although the more toxic MOPP regimen produced more responses than OPP in children, differences in the duration of response or survival were not statistically significant (P = .79 and P = .84, respectively). PMID- 6546603 TI - Sucralfate administration via nasogastric tube. PMID- 6546604 TI - DNA hybridization--beware. PMID- 6546605 TI - A second plasma calcium-lowering peptide from the human calcitonin precursor--a re-evaluation. PMID- 6546606 TI - Sequence relationships between putative T-cell receptor polypeptides and immunoglobulins. AB - Comparison of the sequence of a cloned T cell-specific cDNA with those of cross reacting cloned cDNAs isolated from a thymocyte library indicates the presence of variable, constant and joining regions remarkably similar in size and sequence to those encoding immunoglobulin proteins. Together with the evidence for somatic gene rearrangements reported in the accompanying paper, this strongly suggests that the TM86 cDNA clone encodes one chain of the T-cell receptor for antigen. PMID- 6546608 TI - [A cause of hypokalemic periodic paralysis little known in Europe]. PMID- 6546607 TI - Inhibition of lung maturation by monoclonal antibodies against fibroblast pneumonocyte factor. AB - Fetal lung maturation, especially the onset of surfactant formation by alveolar type II cells, seems to be regulated by endogenous fetal glucocorticoids. Recent studies suggest that glucocorticoids do not act directly on the type II cell but rather on the lung mesenchyme. In response to glucocorticoids, the mesenchyme produces and secretes a polypeptide, fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor, which in turn stimulates surfactant synthesis by the alveolar type II cell. We report here the generation of hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies to rat lung fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor. Two monoclonal antibodies studied in detail reduced the cortisol-stimulated synthesis of saturated phosphatidylcholine in organotypic cultures of fetal rat lung cells and blocked the stimulatory effect of fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor in type II cells from these cultures. When embryonic chicks were injected on day 15 of incubation with either monoclonal antibody, they showed on days 20 and 21 biochemical evidence of delayed lung maturation as compared with controls. These effects were organospecific. Our observations support a physiological role for fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor in prenatal lung maturation. PMID- 6546609 TI - The bio-social elements of risk in the invasive cervical cancer incidence among a stationary and migratory woman population. A case-control study. AB - The incidence risk of invasive cervical cancer has been analyzed in two groups of women--autochthones and migrants--and the higher risk-rate has been proved for the latter. The essential interdependence between the incidence risk of invasive cervical cancer and the danger of industrial dusts and gases influence have been proved for both fractions of women. The higher incidence risk of invasive cervical cancer has been observed among those who had suffered from lithiasis, diabetes, arterial hypertension before, among those who while undergoing the cancer treatment might have also been operated on reproductive organs because of myoma or erosion, or had suffered from syphilis (this has been observed only in relation to the autochthones' population). PMID- 6546611 TI - Computers in decorator colors! PMID- 6546610 TI - Brain injury, edema, and vascular permeability changes induced by oxygen-derived free radicals. AB - We studied the cerebral effects of oxygen-derived free radicals generated from the xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine/ADP-Fe3+ system. Xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine/ADP-Fe3+ solution (0.1 ml) was infused into caudate putamen, and brain was frozen rapidly in situ. Brain water and sodium content increased concomitant with decreased potassium content at 24 hours and 48 hours after the infusion. The degree of brain edema and injury depended on the dose of xanthine oxidase. Spongy neuropil and neuronal cytoplasmic vacuoles were seen at 2 hours, with an infiltration by polymorphonuclear leukocytes at 24 hours, followed by lipid-laden macrophages and reactive astrocytes. Leakage of fluorescent dye into neuropil was seen at 2 hours, but not later. These data suggest that oxygen derived free radicals damage endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier; the brain injury is characterized by edema and by structural damage of neurons and glia. PMID- 6546612 TI - Comparison of the Lumadex-foam stability index test, lecithin: sphingomyelin ratio, and simple shake test for fetal lung maturity. AB - Amniotic fluid was obtained from 269 patients within 72 hours of delivery. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the Lumadex-foam stability index test, lecithin: sphingomyelin (L:S) ratio, and simple shake test were assessed in the diagnosis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), as well as the accuracy in identification of functional lung maturity in the growth-retarded fetus. The Lumadex-foam stability index test was found to be an accurate, quantitative, simple, and rapid measure of fetal lung maturity in the normal as well as abnormal pregnancy. The L:S ratio was accurate in the normal pregnancy, but became inaccurate in the small growth-retarded fetus. The nonquantitative simple shake test was accurate when it indicated fetal lung maturity, but an immature result was meaningless because of the large false-negative rate. PMID- 6546613 TI - Use of electronic spread-sheet programs for intraocular lens power calculation. AB - Electronic spread-sheet programs are commonly available for all brands of personal computers. Intraocular lens formulas of any desired type are easily entered into these programs with no necessity for programming skill. Advantages include rapid calculation of multiple variables, automatic averaging of results, and a continuing record of all calculations performed. PMID- 6546614 TI - [Effect of radioiodine therapy on the serum calcitonin level in patients with Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6546615 TI - Breast milk iodide: reassessment in the 1980s. AB - In addition to iodized salt, the American diet is inadvertently supplemented with iodine from other foods, such as bread and cow's milk. The iodine content of breast milk has not been assessed recently in this country. Sixty-one samples of breast milk from 37 women were analyzed for iodide content using an iodide selective electrode method. Mean breast milk iodide level on initial samples for this population was 178 micrograms/L (range 29 to 490 micrograms/L), about four times the recommended daily allowance for infants. Iodide levels in breast milk did not correlate with the age of the infant (ie, stage of lactation). There was a significant correlation between the iodide level in the breast milk and dietary iodine as estimated by a food frequency questionnaire, and iodized salt intake was significantly related to the iodide content of the breast milk. PMID- 6546616 TI - Vitamin E and necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Although vitamin E has been shown to reduce the incidence of severe sequelae from retrolental fibroplasia, there have been recent suggestions that its use may be associated with an increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A review was made of experience with vitamin E, both intramuscular and oral, and NEC over a 4 1/2-year period. Of 418 infants of birth weight less than 1,500 g admitted during this period, 28/209 infants who had received vitamin E had definite NEC (13.4%) compared with 12/209 who had not received vitamin E (5.74%, chi 2 = 7.07, P = .008). For infants of birth weight less than 1,250 g, 16/103 infants who received vitamin E developed NEC v 1/159 who had not (chi 2 = 21.1, P less than .001); the incidence of NEC was not significantly different between the two groups for infants with birth weight between 1,250 to 1,500 g. The early mortality (less than seven days) for infants with birth weight of 1,500 g or less was significantly greater for those who had not received vitamin E (43.5% v 13.8%, chi 2 = 44.9, P less than .001), most probably a reflection of the omission of this drug for the most critically ill infants in this retrospective review. The incidence of NEC was not different for infants with birth weight of 1,500 g or less who received intramuscular vitamin E compared with control infants from the same period. For those infants for whom serum tocopherol levels were available, no infant who developed NEC and who had received only oral vitamin E had a serum tocopherol levels of greater than 3.5 mg/100 mL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546617 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNAs from androgen-independent mRNA species of DBA/2 mouse sub-maxillary glands. AB - cDNA libraries have been constructed from mRNAs isolated from mature male DBA/2 mouse submaxillary glands. Several recombinant plasmids have been assigned to particular mRNA species and their in vitro translation products by HART and hybrid selection. Clones containing copies of two abundant mRNA species that showed no sexual dimorphism were selected for detailed characterisation. Nucleotide sequences determined from one series of clones define an 850 nucleotide mRNA encoding a polypeptide of 16.5 kd having an N-terminal signal sequence, an acidic core and four glycosylation sites. A second family of clones correspond to an mRNA of 800 nucleotides, the sequence of which can be interpreted as coding for an intracellular protein of 14.7 kd. Computer searches of protein and nucleic acid sequences have not revealed the identity of either of these submaxillary gland products. PMID- 6546619 TI - Nd-YAG laser therapy for tracheobronchial disorders. AB - The neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd-YAG) laser has demonstrated its effectiveness in treatment of a number of benign and malignant tracheobronchial disorders. This laser has many advantages over past methods of endobronchial therapy, such as cryosurgery and electrocautery. It is a precise, no-touch method that produces little pain during therapy and little or no edema or infection afterward. Since the laser is a form of nonionizing radiation, therapy may be repeated as often as needed. Unlike the carbon dioxide laser, the Nd-YAG laser may be used with standard flexible endoscopes. Currently, the commonest indication for Nd-YAG laser therapy is obstruction of a large airway by an inoperable neoplasm. Whether this technique can be applied more widely in management of early lung cancer, possibly in combination with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or surgery, will be determined by further study. PMID- 6546618 TI - Construction of a cDNA clone corresponding to mouse alpha 1(IV) procollagen. AB - A new procedure for the synthesis of double stranded cDNA, based upon release of mRNA by "in vitro" translation, was used to clone type IV collagen. Collagen synthesizing polysomes selectively isolated from a mouse parietal yolk sac carcinoma (PYS-2) were used for translation in an heterologous cell-free system. Translation products were collagenase-sensitive and displayed an electrophoretic mobility correspondent to type IV collagen. Translation released mRNA was employed to construct a 100 base pairs long cDNA clone which hybridized to a 7,800 nucleotides long mRNA. Peptides synthesized by "in vitro" translation of hybrid selected mRNA displayed an electrophoretic mobility compatible with that of alpha 1 (IV) collagen, were sensitive to collagenase and were immunoprecipitated by anti-type IV collagen antibody. PMID- 6546620 TI - Hypothyroidism after radioiodine therapy for Graves' disease. Is its incidence increasing? PMID- 6546621 TI - Interferon-beta-related DNA is dispersed in the human genome. AB - Interferon-beta 1 (IFN-beta 1) complementary DNA was used as a hybridization probe to isolate human genomic DNA clones lambda B3 and lambda B4 from a human genomic DNA library. Blot-hybridization procedures and partial nucleotide sequencing revealed that lambda B3 is related to IFN-beta 1 (and more distantly to IFN-alpha 1). Analyses of DNA obtained from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids that were probed with DNA derived from lambda B3 showed that lambda B3 is on human chromosome 2. Similar experiments indicated that lambda B4 is not on human chromosomes 2, 5, or 9. The finding that DNA related to the IFN-beta 1 gene (and IFN-alpha 1 gene) is dispersed in the human genome raises new questions about the origins of the interferon genes. PMID- 6546623 TI - Venereal disease--an increasing problem. PMID- 6546622 TI - [Treatment of peptic ulcer with gastrozepin]. PMID- 6546624 TI - Purified -SH-activated toxins (streptolysin O, alveolysin): new tools for determination of platelet enzyme activities. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the lytic effect on human platelet preparations (washed, gel-filtered and dextran-isolated) of two sulfhydryl activated bacterial protein toxins, streptolysin 0 and and alveolysin, and to compare their efficacy with that of other disruptive procedures (freezing and thawing, ultrasonic, mechanical, or nystatin-toluene treatment) as a method for the determination of various platelet enzyme activities. The enzymes assayed were alkaline and acid phosphatases, monoamine oxidase, phenolsulfotransferase, N acetyltransferase, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, glutathione peroxidase and lactate dehydrogenase. In all cases, the lowest activities were found after freezing and thawing and/or ultrasonic disruption. The highest activities were always observed in the platelet lysates obtained after toxin, and in some instances after nystatin-toluene treatment. Intermediate values were obtained for mechanical disruption. The -SH-activated cytolysins thus appear to be appropriate and gentle tools for the assay of platelet enzymes when compared to the physical or chemical procedures generally employed. PMID- 6546625 TI - [Formation of the meniscus in the femoropatellar joint after the implantation of an endoprosthesis]. PMID- 6546626 TI - Chemotherapy of hormone-refractory carcinoma of prostate with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C. AB - A modification of the DMF protocol was used to treat 14 patients with hormone refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A subjective response of pain relief occurred in 71 per cent (10/14) of the patients. The median duration of the response in these patients was 4.2 months, and their median survival was 248 days. No patient experienced either an objective complete or partial response based on the criteria of the NPCP. However, an objective stable response was produced in 36 per cent (5/14) of the patients, and their median survival was 330 days. Patients entering the study with a performance status of less than or equal to 2 exhibited a longer median survival than patients with a performance status greater than 2. This regimen of 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and mitomycin C is reasonably well tolerated and appears to warrant consideration as a palliative therapeutic alternative in hormone-resistant prostate cancer. PMID- 6546627 TI - [Characteristics of electroacoustic correction in various forms of experimental disorders of acoustic sensitivity]. PMID- 6546628 TI - [Cholesteatoma of the middle ear]. PMID- 6546629 TI - Assessment of the reproductive performance of individual boars and the growth rate of their progeny in commercial units using a computerised monitoring system. AB - Records of the reproductive performance of boars on a 250 sow commercial pig herd were collated for four years. A new computer program was constructed and used for data on the daily liveweight gain and carcase grading of the whole herd and of individual sows and boars for selected periods. Two separate series of records, each for 11 boars, are presented and analysed statistically to determine significant differences between the boars in each series for farrowing rates to first service, total numbers born and liveweight gain of progeny. The overall farrowing rate to first service was 85.6 per cent for boars in series 1 and 82.1 per cent for those in series 2. One boar was found to have a farrowing rate to first service consistently below 75 per cent and was culled. The decision to cull was taken although its performance was only significantly different in series 1. No statistical differences between boars were found for numbers born. Statistical differences between boars were found for liveweight gain of progeny and the use of Duncan's multiple range test on ranked means in the analysis of such data is discussed. The necessity for the use of statistical analysis rather than simple ranking in the presentation of boar data is discussed and guidelines are given. PMID- 6546630 TI - Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in the calf. AB - Thirty-five calves were delivered by caesarean section near to term. During the operation amniotic fluid was collected for determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio. Clinical examination of the calves and analysis of blood gas concentration (venous blood) were carried out within the first hour of life. Fifteen out of 35 calves under examination did not show clinical or blood gas disorders in the course of the first hour of life. In these calves, the L/S ratio, which represents a measure for the maturity of the surfactant system, averaged 2.6. The other 20 calves, however, developed a respiratory distress syndrome together with a progressive respiratory and metabolic acidosis within the first hour of life. The L/S ratio in the animals affected with respiratory distress syndrome reached an average value of 1.5 which was significantly below that of the calves not suffering from respiratory distress. Eleven of the 20 calves which developed respiratory distress syndrome died within the first 60 hours of life. The most striking findings in the post mortem examinations of these animals were intracranial haemorrhages and pulmonary lesions (hyaline membranes, interstitial and alveolar oedema). On the basis of the significantly lower L/S ratio and the post mortem findings, it is to be assumed that the respiratory distress syndrome in calves, equally with that in infants, is attributable to a surfactant deficiency. PMID- 6546631 TI - Molecular cloning of the complete genome of reovirus serotype 3. AB - All 10 genes of the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3 have been cloned in their entirety into pBR322. This has been proved by sequencing the terminal regions (50-100 residues long) of all 10 cloned genes; all such regions were found to be identical to the corresponding terminal regions of the double stranded RNA genes that are present in reovirus particles. The lengths of the cloned reovirus genes were estimated by comparing their electrophoretic mobilities (and those of their PstI cleavage fragments) with those of accurately known marker DNA molecules. The genes range in size from about 3825 bp for the L genes to about 1200 bp for the S4 gene. PMID- 6546632 TI - [Aseptic necrosis of the femur head as a complication of intensive cytostatic, glucocorticoid and radiation therapy of lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - Aseptic necrosis of femoral head was observed in 12 cases of Hodgkin's disease. The available data suggest that aseptic necrosis was induced by the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. Patients who have received a course of combined therapy (polychemotherapy including glucocorticoids+radiation of hip joints) should be referred to the group at risk for development of this complication. PMID- 6546633 TI - [Case of Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 6546634 TI - [The value of arthroscopic operations]. AB - Between April 1976 and July 1983, 831 arthroscopies were performed in the orthopedic department of the Salzburg State Clinic, and 186 patients underwent arthroscopic surgery between 1979 and 1983. Thirty-two meniscectomies performed with arthroscopy were assessed with regard to postoperative duration of hospitalization and postoperative condition. One of the disadvantages of arthroscopic surgery is that the procedure is rather protracted, especially when the surgeon is unaccustomed to it; however, the duration can be considerably shortened as the surgeon gains practice and experience. The following advantages of arthroscopic surgery for the patient are mentioned: 1. it is a more accurate surgical procedure; 2. surgical trauma is reduced; 3. rehabilitation is achieved more rapidly. PMID- 6546635 TI - Serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in exclusively breast-fed infants at 70 degrees north. AB - The effect of prolonged breast-feeding on the serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, calcium, phosphate, and alkaline phosphatase was studied longitudinally in 7 infants from Northern Norway. They were exclusively breast fed for a median of 7 1/2 months. Three of the mothers were supplemented with vitamin D throughout lactation. All but one of the infants had 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels in the rachitic range (less than 20 nmol/l) on at least one occasion. Vitamin D supplementation of the mother had no apparent effect on the infants' 25-OHD levels, but the values increased during summer. The infant who had the lowest 25-OHD levels also had decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25 (OH)2D) concentrations, while the others maintained 1,25-(OH)2D levels within normal limits. 24,25-(OH)2D concentrations were undetectable when the 25-OHD levels were below 35 nmol/l, but the two metabolites were closely correlated for higher values of 25-OHD. Low 25-OHD levels were associated with decreased phosphate concentrations at 6 months. The calcium levels were normal throughout the study period of one year, as were all but two of the alkaline phosphatase values. Although none of the infants had clinical or biochemical evidence of rickets, the results suggest that the vitamin D supply from human milk is inadequate, and that routine vitamin D supplementation is advisable for breast fed infants who are deprived of sunlight exposure. PMID- 6546636 TI - Distribution and excretion of a new insect repellent, 14C-DEM, in the mouse after intravenous, cutaneous, and oral administration. AB - The distribution of 14C after administration of 14C-DEM was qualitatively similar irrespective of the administration route (intravenous, cutaneous or oral). The major accumulation sites were lacrimal and nasal glands, parotis, liver, and kidney. The main excretion was through the urine and only minor quantities through the faeces and the expired gases. It could be confirmed that the new repellent had a low skin uptake. PMID- 6546637 TI - 'Customized,' 'designer' drugs. PMID- 6546638 TI - Platelet function testing: an improved approach utilizing lumi-aggregation and an interactive computer system. AB - An approach to laboratory testing of platelet function is described that uses an interactive, computer-assisted lumi-aggregation technic. Use of this approach over the past 18 months in the clinical laboratory has improved significantly not only the procurement but also the analysis of aggregation and secretion data. All calculations are printed out automatically following the completion of each run, permitting an entire study to be completed in 60-90 minutes following the preparation of platelet-rich plasma. An internal ATP standard used in each run helps minimize apparent variations in platelet ATP secretion resulting from variations in the luciferin-luciferase measuring system itself. The simultaneous monitoring of platelet aggregation and secretion provides a much-improved opportunity for the assessment of secretory defects than does study of aggregation curves alone. The present work provides a simple, efficient approach to platelet lumi-aggregation testing in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6546639 TI - Computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis and management of thyroid and parathyroid disorders. AB - Computerized axial tomography (CAT) was used to study 39 patients with known thyroid disease and 14 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In all, CAT was performed only when information that was required for diagnosis or therapy was not available from other less expensive techniques. The greatest value was found in the evaluation of cryptic symptoms or structures in the neck after surgery for thyroid cancer, the assessment of the extent of thyroid cancer, the localization of aberrant thyroid tissue, the etiology of unexplained recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and the identification and delineation of mediastinal goiter. In six of 14 patients undergoing neck exploration for primary hyperparathyroidism CAT correctly localized the site of the enlarged parathyroid glands including one mediastinal parathyroid adenoma and one patient with two parathyroid adenomas. PMID- 6546640 TI - A histiocytic medullary reticulosis-like syndrome as the terminal event in lymphocytic lymphoma. AB - Histiocytic medullary reticulosis is a rare disease of the reticuloendothelial system. The diagnosis of this disorder has generally been established by postmortem examination following a rapidly fatal clinical course characterized by fever and pancytopenia. Originally described as a de novo disease of unknown etiology, a histiocytic medullary reticulosis-like syndrome has been more recently found in association with a number of other disorders, the majority being lymphoreticular neoplasms. This report describes a patient with a 9-year history of lymphocytic lymphoma which terminated in a rapidly fatal disease which, clinically and pathologically, was consistent with a diagnosis of histiocytic medullary reticulosis. PMID- 6546642 TI - Contribution of fetal urine to amniotic fluid surfactant pool. PMID- 6546641 TI - Acute anuric bilateral ureteral obstruction in malignant lymphoma. AB - Two cases of bilateral ureteral obstruction in malignant lymphoma are reported. In one case, primary infiltration of the ureters by Hodgkin's disease was demonstrated, while in the other the obstruction was due to ureteral compression by enlarged lymph nodes. The diagnostic procedures and the management of such cases are discussed. PMID- 6546643 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 normalizes maternal food consumption and pup growth in rats. AB - Maternal food consumption, maternal body weight loss, and pup growth were studied in the following six groups of rats: vitamin D-deficient, vitamin D3-replete, vitamin D3-replete but pair-fed with the vitamin D-deficient rats and rats given either 50, 150, or 450 pmol/day of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 as their sole source of vitamin D by continuous infusion from an Alzet osmotic minipump. As expected, vitamin D-deficient rats were hypocalcemic and lost body weight, and their pups stopped growing at 1 wk of age. Food consumption by the vitamin D-deficient rats was one-third that of the vitamin D3-replete rats. Although normalization of plasma calcium levels was not perfect, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment led to normal maternal food consumption, prevented maternal body weight loss, and promoted normal pup growth. Pups from the vitamin D3-replete rats pair-fed with the vitamin D-deficient rats did not grow properly and their dams lost body weight. These data indicate that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is fully capable of replacing vitamin D3 in promoting maternal food consumption in lactating rats and that maintaining adequate food consumption is a major factor in the stimulatory effect of vitamin D3 on pup growth and hence milk production. The anorexia and reduced milk production of vitamin D-deficient lactating rats did not result from changes in plasma glucose or triglyceride levels. PMID- 6546644 TI - Effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on colonic calcium transport in vitamin D deficient and normal rats. AB - To determine whether prior vitamin D intake influences the intestinal calcium absorptive action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], we measured in vitro the two unidirectional transepithelial fluxes of calcium across descending colon segments from rats fed either a vitamin D-deficient or normal diet and injected with either 10, 25, or 75 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 or vehicle alone. Vitamin D deficiency abolished net calcium absorption [J net, -2 +/- 2 vs. 12 +/- 2 (SE) nmol X cm-2 X h-1, P less than 0.001], and 10 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 raised J net to levels found in normal rats. Larger doses (25 and 75 ng) increased J net above levels in normal rats given the same dose. In normal rats only 75 ng of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased calcium J net above vehicle control values (12 +/- 2 vs. 38 +/- 4 nmol X cm-2 X h-1, P less than 0.001). Circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 measured by radioreceptor assay was well correlated with calcium transport. For each dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 higher serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were reached in vitamin D-deficient rats. Only the 75-ng dose increased circulating 1,25(OH)2D3 and colonic calcium transport in normal rats. Intravenous [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 disappeared more rapidly from the circulation of normal rats, suggesting that accelerated metabolic degradative processes for 1,25(OH)2D3 may be present in normal but not in vitamin D-deficient rats and may account for the lack of a biological response to 1,25(OH)2D3 in normal animals. PMID- 6546645 TI - Symptomatic dislocation of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus. AB - Anteromedial joint line pain of the knee represents both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Dislocation of the anterior horn of the medial meniscus as a cause of anteromedial joint line pain is uncommon. O'Connor has reported this finding on internal and external rotation of the tibia during arthroscopy and Dashefsky has demonstrated a shadow sign associated with dislocating anterior horns. We have noted these findings plus anteromedial femoral condylar articular erosion associated with persistent anteromedial joint line pain in 13 patients. All 13 patients had persistent anteromedial joint line tenderness on physical examination present from 3 months to 3 years prior to surgery. Six of the 13 patients had a click in the knee with activity and only 4 of the 13 patients reported "giving away" episodes. Arthroscopic examination demonstrated a complete anterior horn dislocation of the medial meniscus as described by O'Connor and Dashefsky as well as degeneration of the anteromedial femoral condyle. Definitive treatment was performed in the 13 patients after arthroscopic confirmation of the diagnosis of dislocating anterior horn of the medial meniscus. The first four patients had traditional medial meniscectomies, the next four patients had repair of the anterior horn, and the last five patients had partial resection of the meniscus through the arthroscope. Excellent results occurred in three of four patients with repair of the anterior horn, and four of five patients with partial resection through the arthroscope. The one failure of repair subsequently underwent a complete medial meniscectomy with an excellent result.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546646 TI - Discoid medial meniscus: two cases of tears presenting as locked knee due to athletic trauma. AB - Two patients with a rare, massive type of discoid medial meniscus have been described. Both presented with a locked knee due to athletic trauma in the third and fifth decade of life, respectively. Clinically, discoid meniscus has only nonspecific signs. The arthrogram has proved to be a helpful preoperative diagnostic tool. Definitive diagnosis and treatment can be made with arthroscopy. PMID- 6546647 TI - Peritoneal closure and atracurium. PMID- 6546648 TI - Drug interaction? PMID- 6546649 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin in injectable and oral paste formulations against eight week-old Strongylus vulgaris larvae in ponies. AB - A controlled test method was used to evaluate the efficacy of injectable micelle and oral paste formulations of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin B1) against 8 week-old Strongylus vulgaris larvae in experimentally infected pony foals. The dosage level of the drug in both formulations tested was 0.2 mg/kg. Ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 5 weeks after treatment. Based on the recovery of live vs dead S vulgaris from mesenteric arteries, both formulations were greater than 99% effective. Increased weight gains and marked reductions in the severity of arterial lesions were observed in treated ponies. PMID- 6546650 TI - Histopathologic features of canine heartworm microfilarial infection after treatment with ivermectin. AB - Tissues of dogs treated with ivermectin were examined microscopically to learn the fate of microfilariae of canine heartworm that disappear from the peripheral circulation within a few days of treatment. Medicated dogs were killed 18 hours, 3 days, and 6 days after treatment with 0.5 mg of ivermectin/kg of body weight subcutaneously. Ivermectin was dissolved in 60% propylene glycol and 40% glycerol formal. In dogs killed at posttreatment hour 18, the peripheral microfilaremia had decreased by an average of 89%. At this time, a dense mass of RBC, WBC, and macrophages plus many microfilariae was found in pulmonary alveolar septae. Similar reactions were seen in liver, kidney, and spleen. Phagocytosis of microfilarial fragments was evident. In dogs killed at posttreatment day 3, many microfilariae were fragmented and phagocytosis of the fragments was common. In dogs killed at posttreatment day 6, microgranulomas were common, particularly in such vascular organs as lungs, kidney, and liver. Microgranulomas containing microfilariae were also seen in spleen, skeletal and cardiac muscles, diaphragm, lymph nodes, gastrointestinal tract, and pancreas. Small glial nodules were seen in the CNS. Denudation of the atrial epicardium was associated with fragments of microfilariae and granulomatous inflammatory cells. Renal epithelial crescents were observed in treated and nontreated dogs. Plasma cells were conspicuous in treated and nontreated dogs, especially in some livers and kidneys. Before treatment, all dogs were severely microfilaremic. At the end of the experiment, the peripheral microfilaremia was reduced by 98%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546651 TI - Sex-related differences in cellular composition and surfactant synthesis of developing fetal rat lungs. AB - Differences in pulmonary surfactant production by male and female fetuses in late gestation have been suggested, but the precise relationship of these findings to the changing cellular populations in the lung as development progresses has not been investigated previously. Using sexed rat littermates from Day 18 to 22 of gestation, we correlated the epithelial, endothelial, and interstitial cell composition of the lung with disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) content and with the incidence of lamellar bodies in epithelial cells and air sacs. At Days 19 and 20, female rat lungs had a higher content of DSPC than did the lungs of male littermates. At Days 20 and 21, more cuboidal epithelial cells of female fetuses contained lamellar bodies, and more air sacs in the female lung contained lipid material, than was observed in males. Sex-related differences in lung structure were seen even earlier. From Day 18 to Day 20, there was a greater proportion of epithelial cells in female lungs than in the lungs of male littermates; just before birth the cellular composition was similar. The results show that differentiation of epithelium with lamellar body formation and DSPC production occurs sooner in females. However, it is suggested that a sex-related difference in lung development occurs much earlier in the female at the onset of a phase of epithelial growth. PMID- 6546652 TI - Evidence that alveolar macrophages can synthesize and secrete alpha 1 antichymotrypsin. AB - Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-AC) is a protein that inhibits chymotrypsinlike proteinases, such as leukocyte cathepsin G. It also inhibits cytotoxic "killer" cell activity in vitro and may therefore be important for the control of immunologic and inflammatory processes in the lung. Alpha 1-AC is present in lung secretions at high concentrations, suggesting local production within the lung. We investigated the possibility that alveolar macrophages may be capable of synthesizing and secreting alpha 1-AC. Human alveolar macrophages were cultured in the presence of L-75Se selenomethionine, and the culture supernatants were examined by immunoelectrophoresis followed by autoradiography. The results showed that the radio-amino acid was incorporated into alpha 1-AC, suggesting de novo synthesis of the protein. Cycloheximide inhibited incorporation of the label. Immunohistochemical staining of human lung tissue for alpha 1-AC showed the protein to be present within alveolar macrophages. PMID- 6546653 TI - Current status of neodymium: YAG laser photodisruptors in ophthalmology: Part III. PMID- 6546654 TI - Analysis of glycoproteins from nasal polyps and papillomas by affinity chromatography. AB - Glycoproteins were isolated from the particulate fraction of four nasal polyps and three nasal papillomas by affinity chromatography on lectins conjugated with agarose (Concanavalin A [Con A], wheat germ agglutinin [WGA], Ricinus communis agglutinin [RCA], peanut agglutinin [PNA], and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin [DBA]). The glycoprotein mixtures so isolated were then analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Glycoprotein profiles of nasal polyps were similar to each other, but were distinctively different from those of nasal papillomas. Binding sites for Con A, WGA, and RCA isolated from nasal papillomas contained intense bands with a molecular weight less than 15,000 daltons, which were absent in nasal polyps. The major component of PNA-binding sites of nasal polyps is of a molecular weight of 65,000 daltons, which was not detected in nasal papillomas. PMID- 6546655 TI - [Systemic chemotherapy of mammary carcinoma: plasma and tissue concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin, and result of CAF and CMF therapy of breast cancer]. AB - Plasma and tissue concentrations of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) were determined with bioassay method in 8 primary breast cancers. After oral administration of 200 mg/M2 of 5-FU. peak plasma concentration was detected fifteen minutes after administration. Concentration of 5-FU in normal breast tissue was only detected in one case out of seven: the concentration was 0.080 microgram/g. However, concentration of 5-FU in breast cancer tissue was detected in three cases out of seven, ranged from 0.041 microgram/g to 1.300 microgram/g. On the other hand, plasma and tissue concentrations of adriamycin (ADR) were determined with fluorometric assay in 6 primary breast cancers. 6-20 mg/m2 of ADR was administered intravenously. Plasma concentrations of ADR ranged from 0.74 microgram/ml to 0.13 microgram/ml, and ADR disappeared within one hour after injection. ADR was detected in all cases of normal breast tissues and of breast cancer tissues. The concentrations were 0.67 +/- 0.36 microgram/g (average +/- SD) in normal breast tissue, and 1.26 +/- 0.26 microgram/g in breast cancer tissue. Twenty-eight patients with recurrent breast cancers were treated with a combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU (200 mg/m2/day P 0 days 1-28), ADR (27 mg/m2 IV day 1, 8), and Cyclophosphamide (67 mg/m2/day P 0 days 1-28). Response was assessed to the U.I.C.C. criteria. The response rate was 39% (PR: 39%, CR: 0%), and duration of response was 11 +/- 8 months (average +/- SD). Metastasis to lung, liver and brain responded very well to CAF therapy. On the other hand, fifteen patients with recurrent breast cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy consisting of 5-FU (200 mg/m2/day P 0 days 1-28), cyclophosphamide (67 mg/m2/day P 0 days 1-28) and ADR (27 mg/m2 IV day 1, 8). Response rate was 33% (PR: 33%, CR: 0%). These results indicate that anticancer agents with high tissue concentration have higher antitumor activities. PMID- 6546656 TI - Condyloma acuminatum in Rochester, Minn., 1950-1978. I. Epidemiology and clinical features. AB - From 1950 through 1978, condyloma acuminatum was diagnosed in 746 residents of Rochester, Minn (246 male and 500 female subjects). With the number of cases increasing almost every year until 1975, the mean annual incidence rate reached 106.5 per 100,000 population in the period 1975 through 1978, apparently the highest reported to date. Among age groups, the rate was highest in the 20- through 24-year-old group. Female patients contracted the infection at a higher rate and at a younger age than male patients. Anal condyloma occurred in one third of the male subjects studied and recurrent condyloma in 30% of the male subjects. More female than male patients had lesions at multiple locations. PMID- 6546657 TI - Condyloma acuminatum in Rochester, Minn, 1950-1978. II. Anaplasias and unfavorable outcomes. AB - A total of 746 patients residing in Rochester, Minn, received the diagnosis of condyloma acuminatum between 1950 and 1978. Anaplasia was present in six and subsequently developed in 36 patients during follow-up examination in 42 patients (one male and 41 female). One had invasive squamous cell carcinoma (vulva), six had severe dysplasias, 21 had moderate to mild dysplasias, and 14 had carcinomas in situ (CIS), of which 11 were cervical. In the female patients, 37 of the anaplasias were cervical and the other four were vulval or vaginal. The 11 cervical CIS amounted to 3.8 times the expected number of 2.9, based on an earlier study of cervical cancer incidence in the community. The risk of cervical CIS developing among patients with condyloma is significantly higher than expected. Neither laryngeal papilloma nor other unfavorable outcomes substantially affected the conceptus of 51 pregnancies in women with concurrent condyloma. There appears to be an association between condyloma and genital malignant neoplasms and a relationship of condyloma with sexually transmitted disease and warts. PMID- 6546658 TI - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: association between pulmonary vascular resistance and plasma thromboxane concentrations. AB - After repair of a Bochdalek diaphragmatic hernia, shunting of blood away from the lungs produced progressive hypoxaemia in a neonate. Changes in plasma concentrations of the vasoconstrictor prostanoid thromboxane were associated with changes in pulmonary vascular resistance in this infant. Plasma concentrations of the vasodilator prostanoid prostacyclin were also monitored during acute changes in pulmonary vascular resistance. Tolazoline administration was followed by reductions in pulmonary vascular resistance and in plasma thromboxane and prostacyclin values. Further studies indicated that tolazoline inhibits platelet thromboxane synthesis and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. These data suggest that thromboxane plays a part in the increased pulmonary vascular resistance that occurs after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and that tolazoline may reverse pulmonary hypertension by a mechanism additional to its known action as an alpha adrenergic blocking agent and its effect on histamine release. PMID- 6546660 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6546659 TI - Familial erythrophagocytic reticulosis. Complete response to combination chemotherapy. AB - Two infants with familial erythrophagocytic reticulosis attained a durable complete remission after combination chemotherapy including intrathecal methotrexate. Though both later died, neither child had definitive evidence of tumour at necropsy. PMID- 6546661 TI - Endobronchial metastases from uterine cervical squamous carcinoma. PMID- 6546662 TI - Coincident rupture of berry aneurysm and aortic dissection during sexual intercourse. PMID- 6546663 TI - Synchronous thyroid, renal, and duodenal carcinomas. PMID- 6546664 TI - Serum vitamin B12 assays. How accurate are they? AB - Because of clinical evidence indicated that results of radioligand assays for serum vitamin B12 did not correlate with clinical outcome, the Ligand Assay Resource Committee of the College of American Pathologists (CAP) initiated studies of biochemical specificity in the 1980 CAP survey program. In 1980, the apparent cross-reactivity of inactive cobalamin analogues was 100% in most of the vitamin B12 assays. By 1981, probably because of method changes, the apparent cross-reactivity had drastically decreased, from 100% to 10%. Recovery data confirmed adequate chemical sensitivity for true cobalamin. When evaluated against the clinical requirements for diagnosing pernicious anemia, these performance characteristics are acceptable. Radioligand assays now used by CAP survey participants yield results equivalent to those of both radioligand assays using pure intrinsic factor and to bioassays. However, because these improved assays have been in use only a short time, detailed information about their clinical utility is not yet available. Therefore, generalizations about specific clinical decision levels are not warranted at this time. PMID- 6546665 TI - Computer-assisted quantitation of myocardial fibrosis in histologic sections. AB - Histologic characterization of the myocardium may require estimation of the collagen content of the specimen. A computer-assisted method can be used to determine collagen content from histologic sections. Full-thickness segments of normal or fibrotic left ventricular myocardium from ten human hearts were divided into portions for hydroxyproline assay and for trichrome staining of histologic sections. The sections were digitized using a computerized video analysis system and were segmented into collagen and muscle regions using a gray-level threshold technique that yielded an estimate of the percent of collagen. A wide range of collagen content, from normal (5 micrograms of hydroxyproline per milligram of dry weight) to fibrotic (38 micrograms/mg) myocardium, was studied. The percentage of collagen from analysis of histologic sections strongly correlated with the hydroxyproline level, with excellent intraobserver and interobserver concordance. Results were unaffected by variations in histochemical staining. PMID- 6546666 TI - Regeneration of myocardial cells. Observation in aneurysmectomized ventricular wall. AB - A small necrotic focus with regeneration of myocardial cells in an aneurysmectomized ventricular wall was observed in a 46-year-old man. Marginating the area of necrosis were myocardial cells with mitosis, with frequent multinucleated and binucleated cells. In the area of necrosis, there was a proliferation of many round, oval to polygonal cells with a high mitotic activity. These cells had eosinophilic granular cytoplasm and one prominent nucleus. Some cells were solitary while others clustered in and around the damaged myocardial fibers. Some cells formed a syncytium and were attached to the perimysial tubes with protoplasmic extensions. These proliferated cells are believed to be a single-cell line and to originate from the damaged myocardial cells. This observation suggests that human myocardial cells may regenerate continuously from surviving myocardial cells and proliferate discontinuously. PMID- 6546667 TI - Chronic aortitis following furosemide therapy. AB - A significant increase in histopathologic nonspecific chronic aortitis was found when 100 autopsy specimens from 1965 were compared with series from 1974 and 1980. The chronic aortitis was correlated with furosemide diuretic administration during the last hospitalization. Furosemide is albumin bound, produces vasodilation, and is suspected of having induced a subclinical haptenic immunologic reaction in about one third of those treated. PMID- 6546668 TI - Ultrastructure of arteries in rats fed a high-fat cholesterol diet. Intimal thickening of a small muscular artery. AB - Focal nodular intimal thickening developed in a small muscular artery (tarsal pedis) of rats fed a diet containing 28% neutral fat and 2% cholesterol for three months. Examination by electron microscopy showed the main cellular component of these intimal lesions to be a smooth muscle cell. Single unidentified cells were present in the subendothelial region. The internal elastic membrane was fragmented and a few smooth muscle cells were seen between the fragments, extending from the media into the intima. Numerous vesicles were present in the intercellular space, a cluster being enclosed within a basement membrane in places. No lipid accumulation was found. The findings point to an important role for smooth muscle cells in the initiation of atherosclerosis, and suggest that lipid accumulation is a secondary event in the development of this process in muscular arteries in this animal model. PMID- 6546669 TI - Cardiac neurilemoma. Report of a case with electron microscopic examination. AB - A cardiac neurilemoma was found at autopsy in a 70-year-old man. The patient had an adenocarcinoma of the lung with metastases to hilar lymph nodes and various organs. Light microscopic examination showed a small nodule of metastatic adenocarcinoma in the cardiac neurilemoma. Electron microscopic examination confirmed the Schwann's cell origin of the cardiac tumor. To our knowledge, this is the fifth reported case of cardiac neurilemoma. PMID- 6546670 TI - Improved clonal growth of human solid tumors by isolation of viable cells. AB - The potential for the establishment of predictive assays for cancer chemotherapy was generated recently by the development of a soft agar clonogenic assay for human tumor cells. Though the assay technique is promising, certain technical problems remain. One is the difficulty of preparing viable cell suspensions from solid human tumors. A method of separating viable and nonviable cells by Ficoll Hypaque centrifugation was used. When this method was used to plate isolated viable single cells, an improvement in cloning was observed when compared with a nonseparated mixture of viable and nonviable cells. PMID- 6546671 TI - Tissue culture as a diagnostic technique for soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood. AB - A case of childhood small cell undifferentiated sarcoma was grown in vitro in a serum-free culture medium. In vivo the tumor showed no evidence of differentiation by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunoperoxidase staining for myoglobin or skeletal muscle myosin. After growth in vitro for two weeks in a defined culture medium, the tumor cells formed myotubes and demonstrated ultrastructural myogenic differentiation. This case demonstrates the use of the tissue culture as a diagnostic aid in the recognition of childhood small cell undifferentiated sarcomas. It also raises questions regarding the origin of these tumors and the ability of in vitro growth to induce differentiation. PMID- 6546672 TI - Breast carcinoma metastatic to a solitary adenomatous polyp in the colon. AB - A 70-year-old woman with known metastatic breast cancer was found at autopsy to have widely disseminated, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. An incidental adenomatous polyp of the colon also contained metastatic breast carcinoma. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of a metastasis to an adenomatous polyp of the colon. PMID- 6546673 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands. AB - We reviewed the pathologic slides and clinical data of 44 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinomas of major and minor salivary glands. There were 14 well differentiated, 20 intermediate, and ten poorly differentiated tumors. Two tumors appeared to have only expansive growth. All of the others were invasive, and we identified two patterns of invasion: broad pushing borders and infiltrative permeation. Infiltrative permeation was seen in 13 of 34 well-differentiated and intermediate tumors of which four (31%) metastasized, and in eight of ten poorly differentiated tumors of which five (63%) metastasized. Six of the nine patients with metastases died of carcinoma. Three patients who died with well differentiated or intermediate tumors survived 10.5 years after diagnosis. Three patients died of poorly differentiated carcinoma less than one year after diagnosis. No patient died of local disease only, and no tumor with a broad pushing border metastasized. Size of tumor, site of origin, tumor cell mitotic rate, and age and sex of the patient had little, if any, effect on prognosis. A combination of tumor differentiation and pattern of invasion were the most useful factors in predicting carcinoma behavior. PMID- 6546674 TI - Neuroblastic medulloblastoma with abundant cytoplasmic actin filaments. AB - Routine light microscopic examination of a midline cerebellar medulloblastoma with unusual morphologic features disclosed features identical to those of classic medulloblastoma. Immunoperoxidase staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), neurofilament protein (NF), and skeletal muscle actin showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining for actin, but not for GFA or NF. Ultrastructurally, the cells had many blunt cytoplasmic processes with abundant, often parallel, 4- to 5-nm filaments. Other ultrastructural features included scattered, clear, and dense-core vesicles (80 to 90 nm), microtubules, rare intermediate filaments, polyribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and cell junctions. Plasmalemmal densities and invaginations, occasionally associated with clusters of 40- to 50 nm clear vesicles, were encountered infrequently and were interpreted as immature or abortive synapses. The blunt cytoplasmic processes containing abundant actin filaments, several microtubules, and large clear vesicles resemble growth cones of developing nerve cells. PMID- 6546675 TI - Occurrence of Renaut's bodies in a peripheral nerve. AB - We reviewed 1,012 biopsy specimens from the superficial peroneal nerve to assess the occurrence of Renaut's bodies. These structures were first described about 100 years ago, progressively forgotten, and only reexamined ten years ago. They appear as rounded, amorphous structures of the endoneurium and can be mistaken for small infarcts or amyloid deposits. In our biopsy samples, examined during a period of eight years, Renaut's bodies were encountered in 21 cases. Thus, their frequency in that nerve was estimated to be about 2%. The nerve fibers were normal in five cases and variously damaged in the remaining 16. No clinicopathologic correlation could be established. We concluded that Renaut's bodies are probably a normal structure of this peripheral nerve. PMID- 6546676 TI - Pulmonary oxygen toxic effect. Occurrence in a newborn infant despite low PaO2 due to an intracranial arteriovenous malformation. AB - A newborn infant with a massive left to right shunt secondary to a cerebral arteriovenous malformation required continuous oxygen therapy in high concentrations. Despite high PO2, the infant maintained low to normal PaO2 concentrations. Light and ultrastructural studies of the lungs demonstrated typical changes of acute pulmonary oxygen toxicity, including degeneration of capillary endothelium and type I pneumonocytes, interstitial edema, and alveolar exudation. These observations confirm earlier experimental animal studies that demonstrated that the alveolar Po2 concentration and not the Pao2 is the major factor contributing to pulmonary oxygen toxic effect. PMID- 6546677 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease as a cause of sudden infant death. AB - Clinical and gross autopsy findings on a 3-month-old infant were consistent with the sudden infant death syndrome. However, on histologic examination pulmonary veno-occlusive disease was found. Five previous cases of pulmonary veno-occlusive disease appearing in infancy are reviewed. In infants, the disease is initially observed as feeding difficulty and/or failure to thrive, often accompanied by mild respiratory distress. Two of the infants died suddenly. While neither cause nor pathogenesis can be determined, it is important to recognize the process and include it among the possible causes of sudden infant death. PMID- 6546678 TI - Ischemia of the brain stem as a cause of sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Recent evidence indicates that the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is related to abnormal control of respiration. Focal morphologic changes have not been noted. In a case of SIDS, ischemic degeneration was noted bilaterally in the medulla, particularly in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. Pathologic changes were not found elsewhere in the CNS. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a focal brain-stem lesion in SIDS that had enough of a role in altered respiratory control to cause death. PMID- 6546679 TI - Angle-closure glaucoma in adults with cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity. AB - Acute angle-closure glaucoma developed in three adults who were being followed up for stable cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity. After medical therapy succeeded in breaking the attack of angle-closure glaucoma, two of the patients were treated with surgical peripheral iridectomy and one patient was treated by argon laser iridotomy. All three of the patients had stabilization of their intraocular pressure and preservation of their visual acuity during follow-up of 2 1/2 to five years' duration. PMID- 6546681 TI - Commentary: strategies for encoding speech by a cochlear prosthesis. An overview. PMID- 6546680 TI - Sequelae of arrested mild retinopathy of prematurity. AB - Twenty-six infants with totally resolved low-grade retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were compared with a similar group of 38 premature infants in whom no retinopathy had ever developed in the nursery. At the examination performed at a physiologic age of 1 year, the two groups were almost indistinguishable with respect to their refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia. The incidence and severity of mild to moderate anisometropia was increased in the resolved ROP group. It appears that there is a group of infants in whom absolute resolution occurs, with few residua of active ROP. This is especially true when there are no anatomical retinal findings consistent with low-grade cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia at 1 year of age. PMID- 6546682 TI - Speech pattern element stimulation in electrical hearing. AB - A sensation of hearing is provided for the otherwise totally deaf adult by the use of an electrode arrangement, placed external to the cochlea, which provides only larynx frequency speech pattern information. This is normally obtained by acoustic analysis and is presented so that, although its pattern is preserved, its physical form is matched to the patient's auditory capacity. Speech-receptive improvement has been shown using interactive synthetic speech techniques, video recorded lipreading tests, and interactive conversational-type presentations. Speech production skills are also enhanced by self-monitoring, and examples of voice range improvement and jitter reduction are given. The particular electrode system used is especially suitable for promontory stimulation in adult patients without a tympanic membrane. The work as a whole is relevant, however, to the design of other conservative prostheses for both deaf adults and children. PMID- 6546683 TI - Histological considerations in implant patients. AB - The selection of patients for cochlear implantation requires consideration of a variety of anatomical and histological facts. Mechanical impediments to cochlear implantation, including the consequences of chronic otitis media, bony obliteration of the membranous labyrinth, or labyrinthitis ossificans, following bacterial labyrinthitis or vascular compromise of the inner ear, obliterative otosclerosis, and middle-ear dysplasias may present difficulties in access to the inner ear and placement of electrodes. Consideration of the histopathological features of known causes of profound deafness will help predict the presence or absence of inner ear structures essential for successful implantation. The identity of these critical structures and the histopathologic characteristics of bacterial labyrinthitis, fungal meningitis, syphilis of the inner ear, otosclerosis, presbycusis, genetically determined degenerations, trauma, intoxications, inflammatory, autoimmune and idiopathic disorders are presented in terms of their relevance for cochlear implantation. PMID- 6546684 TI - Biosynthesis of riboflavin. Enzymatic formation of the xylene moiety from [14C]ribulose 5-phosphate. AB - We have studied the enzymatic formation of the xylene ring of riboflavin using cell extracts from the flavinogenic yeast Candida guilliermondii. 5-Amino-6 ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione or its 5'-phosphate could serve as substrates. In addition, a pentose phosphate or pentulose phosphate was required. Experiments with [14C]ribulose 5-phosphate gave evidence for the incorporation of the ribulose carbon atoms except C-4 into the xylene ring of the vitamin. PMID- 6546685 TI - The differential loss of [3H]pirenzepine vs [3H] (-) quinuclidinylbenzilate binding to soluble rat brain muscarinic receptors indicates that pirenzepine binds to an allosteric state of the muscarinic receptor. AB - [3H]Pirenzepine [( 3H]PZ) and [3H] (-)Quinuclidinylbenzilate [( 3H] (-)QNB) specific binding to soluble rat brain muscarinic cholinergic receptors was assessed as a function of time subsequent to receptor solubilization. The soluble brain muscarinic receptor is stable at 4 degrees C when assayed by [3H] (-)QNB binding (t 1/2 = 80 hrs). In contrast the pirenzepine state of the receptor decays rapidly (t 1/2 = 3.0 hrs). Prior occupation of the receptor with [3H] ( )QNB or [3H]PZ increases the receptor stability by two to five fold (t 1/2 QNB greater than 1,000 hrs; t 1/2 PZ = 6.5 hrs). These data indicate that pirenzepine binds to an allosteric state of the muscarinic receptor and that caution should be employed in the assignment of receptor subtypes based solely upon the binding of ligands which recognize unique conformational states. PMID- 6546686 TI - Neuromedin C: a bombesin-like peptide identified in porcine spinal cord. AB - From a side fraction obtained in our previous isolation of neuromedin B from porcine spinal cord, we have purified another decapeptide that exhibits a potent stimulant effect on the smooth muscle preparation of rat uterus. By microsequencing and synthesis, the amino acid sequence of the peptide has been identified as: Gly-Asn-His-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Leu-Met-NH2. This peptide is found to be identical with the carboxy-terminal subsequence [18-27] of gastrin releasing peptide, and to display a potent contractile activity on rat uterus in the characteristic manner of bombesin. These facts strongly suggest that the peptide may be a neuromediator in the neural communication systems of mammals. We propose the name "neuromedin C" for this peptide, since it is closely related to "neuromedin B", recently identified as a bombesin-like mammalian peptide. PMID- 6546687 TI - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors in a rat phaeochromocytoma cell line. AB - The high affinity binding of the muscarinic ligand 3H-N-methylscopolamine (3H NMS) to intact cells of the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 was studied. A single class of saturable binding sites was observed with a density of about 5000 sites per cell, and a pharmacological profile consistent with muscarinic receptors. The inhibition of 3H-NMS binding by the antagonist pirenzepine was of low affinity suggesting PC12 muscarinic receptors may be similar to those found on rat sympathetic nerve terminals. PMID- 6546688 TI - High-affinity [3H]pirenzepine binding to putative M1 muscarinic sites in the neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15). AB - The specific binding of both the non-classical antagonist [3H] pirenzepine ( [3H]PZ) and the classical antagonist [3H](-)quinuclidinyl benzilate ( [3H](-)QNB) was determined in parallel assays of the mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid cell line (NG 108-15). Saturation isotherms yielded a Kd = 4.0 nM and Bmax = 27.8 fmoles/mg protein for [3H]PZ and a Kd = 17.2 pM and Bmax = 53.2 fmoles/mg protein for [3H](-)QNB. The inhibition data of pirenzepine vs [3H](-)QNB was best fit to a 2-site binding model revealing both a high affinity pirenzepine site (72%, KH = 10.3 nM) and a low affinity site (28%, KL = 97.5 nM). [3H]PZ competition studies demonstrated stereospecificity, steep inhibition curves for muscarinic antagonists (Hill coefficients close to 1), and a shallow inhibition curve for a muscarinic agonist. These results indicate that muscarinic receptors on NG 108-15 cells may be subclassified (M1/M2) on the basis of the discriminative capability of [3H]PZ. PMID- 6546689 TI - The structure of a naturally occurring 10K polypeptide derived from the amino terminus of bovine thyroglobulin. AB - A combination of data derived from peptide sequencing and nucleic acid sequencing of cloned cDNA fragments has been used to define the complete amino acid sequence of a 10,000 M.W., thyroxine containing polypeptide derived from bovine thyroglobulin. This fragment, TG-F, which was obtained following reduction and alkylation, has been placed at the amino terminus of the parent protein with hormone located at residue 5 in the primary sequence of the thyroglobulin molecule. The carboxyl terminal sequence of this fragment -Cys-Gln-Leu-Gln is found on the N-terminal side of a lys residue, suggesting that the peptide bond cleavage which occurs to produce this 80 residue fragment from the parent (330K) thyroglobulin chain is a gln-lys. In addition, the amino acid sequence of this 10K fragment contains: No sequence which would be a substrate for glycosylation and no carbohydrate. Several repeated homologous amino acid sequences. A striking number of beta-bends predicted from Chou-Fasman analyses, particularly near its carboxyl terminus. PMID- 6546690 TI - Methotrexate analogues--XVII. Antitumor activity of 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10 methylpteroyl-D,L-homocysteic acid and its dual inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase and folyl polyglutamate synthetase. AB - A new analogue of methotrexate was synthesized from 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10 methylpteroic acid and D,L-homocysteic acid. The product (mAPA-HCysA) was bound tightly to L1210 mouse leukemia dihydrofolate reductase (IC50 = 1 nM), inhibited L1210 cell proliferation in culture (IC50 = 0.3 microM), and prolonged the survival of L1210 leukemic mice (98% increase in lifespan at 120 mg/kg, qdx9). Studies on the interaction of mAPA-HCysA with partially purified mouse liver folyl polyglutamate synthetase revealed that mAPA-HCysA was not a substrate. Hence, the increased dose of mAPA-HCysA required to inhibit tumor growth in vitro and in vivo relative to methotrexate may reflect, in part, the inability of this compound to form non-effluxing polyglutamates. Folyl polyglutamate synthetase was competitively inhibited by mAPA-HCysA (K1 = 190 +/- 70 microM) when folate was the variable substrate. Thus, mAPA-HCysA is the first known compound to inhibit both mammalian dihydrofolate reductase and mammalian folyl polyglutamate synthetase. PMID- 6546691 TI - Hyperalphalipoproteinaemic activity of BRL 26314--I. Enhanced cholesterol turnover in rats. AB - Administration of BRL 26314 [N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-L-phenylalanine] raises circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lowers total triglyceride levels in rats whether maintained on stock or semi-synthetic diets. HDL is also elevated by BRL 26314 in hypothyroid rats and in rats with pre existing hyperlipidaemia where aortic total cholesterol concentration is decreased. BRL 26314 promotes the excretion of a dose of radiolabelled cholesterol as faecal sterols and bile acids, and decreases the extent of cholesterol-radiolabelling in tissue pools, particularly the aorta and adipose tissue. The increase in cholesterol and bile acid (cholic acid) turnover distinguishes BRL 26314 from a cholestatic agent such as 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate where a superficially similar change in HDL concentration disguises an impaired cholesterol transport. BRL 26314 is not a general protein inducer but part of the mechanism of action may involve enhancement of white adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. PMID- 6546692 TI - Hyperalphalipoproteinaemic activity of BRL 26314--II. Inhibition of atherosclerosis in rabbits. AB - Optimization of a combination of balloon catheter-induced aortic de endothelialization with provision of a palatable atherogenic diet to rabbits leads to hyperbetalipoproteinaemia and atherosclerosis rather than to the cholesterol-storage disease which characterized earlier models. Administration of BRL 26314 [N-(4-chlorobenzyl)-L-phenylalanine] during the induction of atherosclerosis specifically raised high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and decreased the arterial content of cholesterol and collagen in association with reduction in severity of thoracic sudanophilic lesions and intimal-thickening. This anti atherosclerotic activity was superior to that observed for various standard compounds, and the present studies, using BRL 26314 as a pharmacological tool, provide evidence in vivo for an association between the elevation of HDL and reduction of arterial disease. PMID- 6546693 TI - Intestinal absorption and metabolism of 6-mercaptopurine in the rat small intestine. AB - The intestinal absorption of 6-mercaptopurine was examined in the rat by in vitro and in situ techniques for the purpose of establishing absorption characteristics which might explain the poor systemic oral availability of this drug. Experiments were designed to evaluate the significance of intestinal metabolism and active secretion processes. Since mucosal/serosal drug concentration gradients across in vitro segments were not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) for everted and noneverted preparations, with values of 1.21 +/- 0.27 and 0.91 +/- 0.12, respectively, it was concluded that active secretion or absorption mechanisms were absent. Varying the concentration of 6-mercaptopurine from 0.24 to 5.88 mM demonstrated saturability of the biotransformation of 6-mercaptopurine to 6 thiouric acid with a maximum rate of 1.6 X 10(-5) mmoles per min g for jejunal portions. Distal segments displayed 85% higher rates of biotransformation at concentrations of 1.47 mM. Inclusion of allpurinol (2 mM) completely inhibited biotransformation. With in situ loops perfused with 1.47 mM drug, collection of mesentery blood showed that absorption rates of 6-thiouric acid were 0.67 that of the parent drug. PMID- 6546694 TI - Studies on the kinetics of binding of complement-fixing dsDNA/anti-dsDNA immune complexes to the red blood cells of normal individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The kinetics of binding of prepared complement opsonized 3H-dsDNA/anti-DNA immune complexes to normal red blood cells (RBCs) and to RBCs with lowered immune complex binding capacity from certain patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis was examined. Normal RBCs bound the immune complexes rapidly and reached equilibrium in about 4 minutes at 37 degrees C, while the SLE RBCs not only bound less immune complex but required up to 30 minutes to reach equilibrium. Chemical modification of normal RBCs with moderate amounts of dithiothreitol, an agent that destroys the binding activity of the C3b receptor (CR1), produced RBCs that mimicked the equilibrium and kinetic binding properties of the SLE RBCs. These observations, taken in conjunction with a detailed examination of the temperature dependence of the binding kinetics, suggest that CR1 reorganization on the RBC surface to form binding clusters may be an essential step in the complement mediated binding of immune complexes to RBCs. The implications of these findings with respect to the clearance of immune complexes from the circulation of patients with autoimmune diseases are discussed. PMID- 6546695 TI - [Vitamin D-dependent rickets, type I: therapy with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3]. PMID- 6546696 TI - [Cutaneous evaporimetry. VII. Cutaneous water loss in Basedow's disease]. AB - The cutaneous water loss was investigated in 12 patients affected with Basedow's disease by Evaporimeter Ep-1. The mean value of the CWL resulted 49,8 +/- 18,2 g/h. This result is significantly higher compared with the value of normal somali people equal to 25,24 +/- 14,6 g/h. PMID- 6546697 TI - The importance of fortification of flour with calcium and the sources of Ca in the diet of 375 English adolescents. AB - The contribution of the fortification of flour with calcium carbonate to the Ca intake of 375, 11-14-year-old Northumbrian children has been calculated. Mean Ca intakes were above those currently recommended for children of this age. The fortification of flour supplied 16% of the total Ca intakes. Without the fortification, the percentage of these children with intakes below the recommended intake would be more than double. This would include the majority of girls (particularly those of social classes III, IV and V). The recommendation to stop fortifying flour with calcium carbonate should be reviewed. PMID- 6546698 TI - [Effect of T-activin on peripheral immunity organs in intact and thymectomized mice]. AB - Morphometry of the spleen, axillary lymph nodes and cytological assay of the bone marrow and peripheral blood were performed in (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after subcutaneous injection of 0.5 microgram T-activin to intact and thymectomized (when adult) mice 2 months after operation. It was demonstrated that in intact animals, injection of T-activin stimulated the whole system of immunogenesis. The time course of plasmatization and the response of the germinative centers differing from that seen during antigen administration suggests that T-activin is not immunogenous, acting as a stimulant of the previous immune responses. The permanent amount of the degenerating cells attests to the lack of the toxic drug effect. PMID- 6546699 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and heterophilic hemolysins in burn injury]. AB - A reverse correlations was disclosed between high level of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and low titers of heterophilic hemolysins (HH) on the one hand and burn disease gravity, on the other one. The decrease in HH activity in the serum of some patients depended not only on the genuine inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation but also on serum anti-complementary characteristics and/or on a low complement level. The devised scheme for determining the CIC and HH titer levels can be used for the evaluation of the efficacy of detoxifying therapy and burn toxemia gravity. PMID- 6546700 TI - Thrombin Metz: characterization of the dysfunctional thrombin derived from a variant of human prothrombin. AB - Thrombin Metz and normal thrombin, resulting from activation of the respective prothrombins by factor Xa in the presence of calcium, phospholipid, and factor Va, were purified by chromatography on sulfopropyl Sephadex. By physicochemical criteria, thrombin Metz is identical to normal thrombin. Its functional properties were investigated in some reactions in which thrombin is classically involved. Thrombin Metz exhibits less than 4% of fibrinogen clotting activity. Both Km and Kcat, determined on S2238, are abnormal. Titration with the high affinity competitive inhibitor of thrombin, DAPA, shows that fluorescence enhancement of the probe is only 34% in binding to thrombin Metz when compared to that observed in binding to normal thrombin. High-performance liquid chromatography has been used to measure the simultaneous rate of release of fibrinopeptides A and B. A decreased release rate for both fibrinopeptides, more marked for fibrinopeptide B, results in a slow fibrin polymerization, as followed by absorbance at 450 nm. Thrombin Metz is less than 5% as effective as normal thrombin in inducing platelet aggregation. Interaction with antithrombin III is slower than normal when followed by SDS gel electrophoresis and inhibition of the amidolytic activity of thrombin on S2238. This abnormality is not observed in the presence of heparin. However, thrombin Metz binds less tightly to a heparin Sepharose column, and the direct inhibition of heparin on its activity on S2238 is weaker. From these results, we can predict that the defect in thrombin Metz affects the catalytic site or its vicinity and, jointly or consequently, the region of interaction of thrombin with antithrombin III and heparin. PMID- 6546701 TI - Excitant activity of methyl derivatives of quinolinic acid on rat cortical neurones. AB - Various synthetic analogues of quinolinic acid have been tested for agonist and antagonist properties when applied by microiontophoresis to neurones in the rat cerebral cortex. Quinolinic acid 2-methylester was a weak antagonist of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) and quinolinic acid, but also showed agonist activity, being about half as active as quinolinic acid. The excitant effects of the compound could be antagonized by the NMDA receptor blocker, 2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (2APH). N-methyl-quinolinic acid 2, 3-dimethylester showed very weak agonist and antagonist activity. Homoquinolinic acid was a potent excitant of cortical neurones, being about five times more active than quinolinic acid and approximately equipotent with NMDA. The excitations were blocked by 2APH or its pentanoate analogue (2APV). Homoquinolinic acid 2-methylester was also active as an agonist. N-methyl-DL-glutamic acid was also tested, since homoquinolinic acid is a rigid analogue of this compound. Although it did cause excitation of 5 of the 16 units tested, N-methyl-glutamate was a weaker agonist than NMDA or homoquinolinate. Phthalic acid, ejected as an anion caused excitation of 14 out of 16 units. It is therefore concluded that the ring nitrogen of quinolinic acid is not essential for excitant activity. Since homoquinolinic acid is a rigid analogue of glutamic acid, but causes excitation by acting apparently on the NMDA receptor, the results are consistent with the suggestion that activation of the NMDA receptor may require the carboxyl groups to be held in a relatively extended configuration. PMID- 6546702 TI - Sociological and psychological predictors of STD infection in homosexual men: a study of four countries. AB - I investigated over 600 homosexual men in four countries (Sweden, Finland, Ireland, and Australia) regarding the number of times they had contracted a sexually transmitted disease (STD) and several psychological variables including masculinity and feminity, sex role conservatism, relationships with parents, number of sexual partners, attitudes towards homosexuality, and involvement in the homosexual subculture. Using multiple linear regression in each country, it was found that 19-42% of the variance of number of times infected could be accounted for by psychosocial factors, seven of which were common to all countries. The number of sexual partners was not a significant variable in any country. These data strongly suggest that numbers of infections in homosexual men are best predicted by psychological factors, and this has considerable implications for preventative and treatment programmes for homosexuals. PMID- 6546703 TI - Screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in the Sheffield STD clinic. AB - I undertook a prospective study of the incidence of histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cancer in women attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic, and correlated the findings to cervical cytology reports, age, and history of STD of the affected women. Of 2017 women screened, 75 (3.7%) had dyskaryotic cervical smears. Colposcopically directed biopsy tests gave an overall detection rate of 0.55% for CIN3, which was similar to the national average. The false negative rate was 2.9% and cytology tests alone underestimated the degree of pathological change in 12 (30%) of 40 women with mild dyskaryosis. Women under 20 years old made up 43% of those with CIN1 and 38% of those with CIN2. The detection rate of CIN3 was 0.65% for women aged 15-34, which was higher than the national average and suggested earlier onset of CIN3 in our clinic population. There was a high association between genital warts and cervical precancer. This preliminary study confirms the need for routine non selective screening of women attending STD clinics by cervical cytology tests, colposcopic examination, and biopsy tests where indicated. PMID- 6546704 TI - STD in British Columbia. PMID- 6546705 TI - Hodgkin's disease with leptomeningeal involvement. Report of a case with long survival. AB - A 30-year-old white man with Stage IV B Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity type, developed leptomeningeal involvement shortly after relapsing on nitrogen mustard, Oncovin (vincristine), procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP), and while receiving Adriamycin (doxorubicin), bleomycin, Velban (vinblastine), and dacarbazine (ABVD). Whole brain irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate were successfully incorporated into his treatment program. The patient has now been in complete remission for more than 40 months. A review of this rare complication of Hodgkin's disease is presented. PMID- 6546706 TI - Adriamycin, dibromodulcitol, and mitomycin combination chemotherapy for patients with metastatic breast carcinoma previously treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone. AB - Twenty-six evaluable patients with metastatic breast carcinoma previously treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone (CMFVP) were treated with a combination of doxorubicin (Adriamycin), dibromodulcitol, and mitomycin (ADM). Four patients (15%) achieved complete remission, and 10 patients (39%) had a partial response. Five patients (19%) had stable disease, and seven patients (27%) experienced disease progression. The median time to disease progression was 10 months for responding patients (range, 4-44 months) and 5 months (range, 2-13 months) for patients with stable disease. The median survival duration was 15 months (range, 6-44+ months) for responders, 11 months (range, 2-27 months) for patients with stable disease, and 4 months (range, 2-41 months) for nonresponders. Two of the four patients with complete remission are alive and in continued remission at a follow-up of 44 and 40 months. Seventy-one patients with greater than or equal to two sites of metastasis responded, whereas 23% of patients with greater than or equal to three metastatic sites responded. Although higher responses were seen with soft tissue and osseous metastasis, responses were observed in all three sites of metastasis. This combination chemotherapy regimen with ADM is an effective second-line program for patients who have previously received CMFVP chemotherapy. PMID- 6546707 TI - The structural basis of the multiple forms of human complement component C4. AB - cDNA clones of human complement components C4A and C4B alleles were prepared from mRNA obtained from the liver of a donor heterozygous at both loci. cDNA from one C4A allele was sequenced to give the derived complete amino acid sequence of 1722 amino acid residues of the C4 single chain precursor molecule and the estimated sequences of the three peptide chains of secreted C4. Comparison with partial sequences of a second C4A allele and a C4B allele has led to the tentative identification of some class differences in nucleotide sequences between C4A and C4B and of allelic differences between C4A alleles in this highly polymorphic system. PMID- 6546708 TI - Comparison of open and endoscopic meniscectomy. AB - Fifty-eight patients who had undergone meniscal surgery were reviewed. Half had undergone conventional open meniscectomy, and half had been treated by arthroscopic meniscectomy. Each patient in the open group was matched with a patient in the endoscopic group by age, sex, and type of meniscal lesion. Patients with ligamentous injuries were excluded. Twelve patients in the endoscopic group were operated on as outpatients; the mean post-operative hospital stay in the 17 hospitalized patients in the endoscopic group was one day as compared with a mean of 3.3 days for the patients in the open group. Sick leave for the endoscopic group was only one-third of that of the open group. Operating time was 74.5 +/- 38.7 minutes in the open group compared with 55.9 +/- 25.0 minutes in the endoscopic group. At follow-up evaluation (mean follow-up period, 38 months) the percutaneous group showed a knee function score (88.7 points) similar to that of the open group (85.3 points) at 51 months. A three year follow-up study of patients operated on endoscopically for a single meniscal lesion demonstrated that results with endoscopy are as satisfactory as those obtained by conventional surgery. Advantages of endoscopy include decreased hospitalization and shorter sick leave, with a corresponding reduction in the cost of patient care. PMID- 6546709 TI - Role of the menisci in the distribution of stress in the knee. AB - Photoelastic studies were performed to compare the effects of meniscectomy, longitudinal meniscal tear, and retention of the meniscal rim on the magnitude and distribution of the stresses in the medial compartment of the knee. The results are consistent with the concepts that the meniscus protects the articular cartilage of the knee from stress concentrations and that retention of a torn, undisplaced meniscus or the presence of an outer meniscal rim are preferable to the absence of the meniscus. PMID- 6546710 TI - Localization of the human glucagon gene (GCG) to chromosome segment 2q36----37. AB - Hybridization of a 3H-labeled bovine glucagon cDNA plasmid to human metaphase chromosomes revealed significant labeling of the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 2. A large portion (37%) of the cells analyzed exhibited labeling of the 2. A significant percentage (40%) of the labeled sites on the 2 were in segment 2q36----37. Therefore, the human glucagon gene (GCG), was assigned to this segment. Localization of the glucagon gene, whose chromosomal assignment was previously not known, demonstrates the general applicability of in situ hybridization as a powerful gene mapping technique. PMID- 6546711 TI - Localization of actin-related sequences by in situ hybridization to R-banded human chromosomes. AB - Using a cytoplasmic actin cDNA probe we have localized a number of actin sequences in the human genome using a novel in situ hybridization technique. Metaphase chromosomes treated to produce R-bands were directly annealed with 125I labeled actin probe. Under these conditions many regions of the genome were apparently denatured enough to be capable of hybridizing with the probe. Most of the actin sites detected in prior experiments using chromosome preparations, which had been completely denatured, were recognized in this experiment. The major advantage of this method over standard in situ hybridization techniques is the marked increase in the resolution of subregional localization. PMID- 6546712 TI - Synergistic effect of triiodothyronine and dexamethasone on male and female fetal rat lung surfactant synthesis. AB - It has previously been reported that morphologic and functional indices of fetal lung maturation are delayed in male rabbit fetuses, and these differences cannot be overcome by glucocorticoid treatment. Since thyroid hormone also stimulates surfactant production we have studied the effects of triiodothyronine (T3) and dexamethasone on saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) synthesis by day 20 male and female rat lung. Control male lung slices incorporated significantly less 3H choline into SPC than females; surgery on day 17 markedly stimulated 3H-choline incorporation into SPC by both sexes, but the sex difference persisted. The optimal dose of T3 inhibited SPC synthesis by both sexes while dexamethasone was stimulatory. When T3 and dexamethasone were given together they had a greater effect than that of dexamethasone or T3 alone. Based on these results we conclude that the male deficit in pulmonary surfactant production may be overcome by the synergistic effects of T3 and dexamethasone. PMID- 6546713 TI - Reduction of abnormal foot pressures in diabetic neuropathy using a new polymer insole material. AB - The precise pressures and loads under 69 neuropathic feet have been measured during walking using a modified microprocessor-controlled optical system. Abnormally high pressures were demonstrated in 94% of feet with a history of foot ulceration, with pressures as high as 20-30 kg X cm-2 under the forefoot. All subjects were also studied using a new visco-elastic polymer material recently used for insole manufacture. A reduction in pressure was demonstrated that was proportional to peak pressure (linear regression line correlation coefficient of 0.91; P less than 0.001). We conclude that this material causes a significant reduction in the abnormally high pressures recorded under neuropathic feet, and should provide a useful insole for the management of patients at risk of neuropathic foot ulceration. PMID- 6546714 TI - [Prevention of stress decrease in natural killer activity by sodium oxybutyrate and the delta-sleep peptide]. PMID- 6546715 TI - [Regions with nonrandom nucleotide distribution in the Alu repetitive sequences of human DNA]. PMID- 6546716 TI - Production of anti-Mullerian hormone: another homology between Sertoli and granulosa cells. AB - Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has been detected by RIA in the follicular fluid of mature bovine ovaries and in incubation medium of bovine granulosa cells. Purification of AMH from two independent batches of follicular fluid was achieved with a yield of 11% and 15% respectively. Both ovarian and control testicular AMH produced near-complete regression of fetal rat Mullerian ducts exposed to it in culture at a final concentration of 200-300 mU/ml and were recognized by the same monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. These findings indicate that adult mammalian granulosa cells are capable of producing immunoreactive and bioactive AMH at a rate apparently similar to that already demonstrated for mature Sertoli cells and add yet another item to the homologies reported between male and female somatic gonadal cells. PMID- 6546717 TI - Prediction of environmental carcinogens: a strategy for the mid-1980s. PMID- 6546718 TI - Evolution of a multigene family of V kappa germ line genes. AB - We have isolated a series of related V kappa germ line genes from a BALB/c sperm DNA library. DNA sequence analysis of four members of this V kappa 24 multigene family implies that three V kappa genes are functional whereas the fourth one (psi V kappa 24) is a pseudogene. The prototype gene (V kappa 24) encodes the variable region gene segment expressed in an immune response against phosphorylcholine. The other two functional genes (V kappa 24A and V kappa 24B) may be expressed against streptococcal group A carbohydrate. The time of divergence of the four genes was estimated by the rate of synonymous nucleotide changes. This implies that an ancestral gene has duplicated approximately 33-35 million years ago and a subsequent gene duplication event has occurred approximately 23 million years ago. PMID- 6546719 TI - Interaction of human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin with chymotrypsin. AB - Human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin reacts with bovine chymotrypsin to form an equimolar complex and this reaction is accompanied by the formation of a free, modified form of the inhibitor. Time-course studies, performed on mixtures containing an excess of native inhibitor and kept at 0 degree C or at 25 degrees C, show that the equimolar complex dissociates spontaneously; this dissociation results in the release of inactive modified alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and of some active enzyme, which is able to recycle with active inhibitor in excess. When all the native inhibitor is used up, the released active enzyme degrades the remaining intact complex into intermediate forms. At the endpoint of the reaction only inactive modified inhibitor and some active chymotrypsin remain. Immunochemical data indicate that, in the complex, a steric hindrance of the antigenic determinants of the inhibitor prevents the formation of the precipitate with specific antiserum. Inactive modified inhibitor, which has dissociated from the complex, has retained antigenic determinants of the native alpha 1 antichymotrypsin. PMID- 6546720 TI - Differential growth inhibition of cultured mammalian cells: comparison of clinical antitumour agents and amsacrine derivatives. AB - The growth-inhibitory potencies in culture of a variety of clinical antitumour drugs have been compared using two widely studied cell lines: L1210 murine leukaemia and V79 Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Marked variations in the relative sensitivities of these two lines were observed with individual antimetabolites and DNA intercalating agents, while activities of alkylating agents and vinca alkaloids were similar for both cell lines. This experimental system was used to evaluate the possibility of designing intercalating drugs selective for a particular target cell. Results with derivatives of the antileukaemia agent amsacrine indicate that relative cytotoxicity can be modulated by simple monosubstitution within the 9-anilinoacridine ring system. The variation in ratios of inhibitory potencies within the latter series is similar to that observed for the structurally diverse group of clinically-utilized intercalators tested. These results suggest that amsacrine analogue development may provide agents having a different tumour spectrum and greater therapeutic utility than the parent drug. PMID- 6546721 TI - Investigation of the effects of muscimol on different components of [3H]propyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate binding to rat hippocampal and cerebellar membranes. AB - The binding of [3H]propyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate [( 3H]PCC) to rat hippocampal and cerebellar membranes was investigated together with the displacement by PCC of [3H]flunitrazepam [( 3H]FNM). Results were consistent with the presence of a single recognition site in cerebellum and two sites in hippocampys, but the affinity of neither of the hippocampal sites correlated with that in the cerebellum. Muscimol did not alter the affinity or capacity of any of these sites under the conditions used, indicating that PCC does not show the benzodiazepine-like property of GABAergic modulation, at any of the subpopulations of its binding sites. PMID- 6546722 TI - [Thymalin as a modulator of immunogenesis and hemostasis]. AB - Studies made in 30 patients with periodontosis have shown that thymaline improves the general health status of patients, thereby promoting the normalization of cellular and, to a lesser degree, humoral immunity. At the same time the drug normalizes blood coagulation, the total and Hageman factor-dependent fibrinolysis. It is concluded that thymaline is a modulator of the immunogenesis and hemostasis. PMID- 6546723 TI - Characterization of human haptoglobin cDNAs coding for alpha 2FS beta and alpha 1S beta variants. AB - A human liver library, derived from a heterozygous (Hp2-1) donor, has been used to isolate cDNA clones coding for the haptoglobin (Hp) alpha 1S beta and alpha 2FS beta variants. DNA sequencing has shown that the two variants are identical except for the alpha F duplicated segment in Hp alpha 2FS beta. Four nucleotide changes have been found between the phenotypically different F and S regions of the Hp alpha 2 gene, resulting in an Asp,Lys/Asn,Glu substitution. PMID- 6546724 TI - Phosphorylation site sequence of smooth muscle myosin light chain (Mr = 20 000). AB - The amino terminal sequence of the myosin light chain (Mr = 20 000) isolated from chicken gizzards was found to be (sequence in text). This sequence assignment differs from that reported by Maita et al. [(1981) European J. Biochem. 117, 417] in the order of the tryptic peptides. The revised amino acid sequence exhibits greater homology with the phosphorylation site sequences of the regulatory light chains from cardiac and skeletal muscle. Moreover it is now apparent why synthetic peptides corresponding to the previously reported sequence were very poor substrates for the myosin light chain kinase. PMID- 6546726 TI - Cloning of cDNA coding for a rat liver protein whose expression is subject to gender-specific regulation by xenobiotics. PMID- 6546725 TI - Stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity by high osmotic pressure on cholesterol containing phospholipid vesicles. AB - The hydrolytic action of porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2) on cholesterol-containing dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes was studied under various osmotic conditions by means of the phase transition release (PTR) technique. A reduced rate in the release of carboxyfluorescence (CF) from the cholesterol-containing liposomes was observed with treatment by PLA2 concomitant with the decrease in its enzymatic activity. However, the reduced PLA2 activity was elevated about 5-fold in medium of high osmotic pressure. This evidence suggests that high osmotic pressure might be responsible for the molecular packing at the bilayer surface or the high curvature of liposomal membrane structure. PMID- 6546727 TI - Nitroreduction of clonazepam in human foetal liver microsomes and hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 6546728 TI - Regulation of glutathione S-transferase mRNAs by phenobarbital and 3 methylcholanthrene: analysis using cDNA probes. AB - Using antibody directed against glutathione S-transferase B (YaYc heterodimer) and glutathione S-transferases A and C (Yb homodimers), we have purified the corresponding mRNAs by polysome immunoprecipitation. These mRNAs have been utilized to synthesize high specific activity cDNA probes which have been used to screen a cDNA library constructed from RNA fractions enriched in the various transferase mRNAs. Two clones which have been identified, pGTB38 and pGTA/C36, are complementary to the Ya/Yc mRNAs and Yb mRNAs, respectively. These clones have been utilized to determine that the Ya/Yc mRNAs and Yb mRNA(s) are elevated coordinately in response to xenobiotic treatment; however, their maximal level of induction is markedly different. Based upon the size of the mRNA specific for the Ya/Yc and Yb subunits, as well as the lack of homology between pGTB38 and pGTA/C36, we conclude that transferase B and transferases A and C are encoded for by distinct genes. PMID- 6546729 TI - [Immunotherapy and immunocorrection in the programmed treatment of hemoblastoses in children]. PMID- 6546730 TI - The effect of YAG laser iridotomy on the blood aqueous barrier in the rabbit. AB - The effect of YAG laser iridotomy on the blood aqueous barrier in the rabbit was investigated in 21 eyes. In seven series, each containing three pigmented rabbits, the right eye received a YAG laser iridotomy in the upper nasal quadrant of the peripheral iris under standardized conditions utilizing the Mikroruptor II (Lasag Company, Thun/Switzerland). One of the parameters describing the blood aqueous barrier effects was the intraocular pressure, which was monitored at 10 min intervals. The iridotomy caused significant pressure increases in the treated eyes which was maintained up to 90 min following the laser procedure. The measurement of the protein concentration and the lactate dehydrogenase activity was done at equal time intervals after the iridotomy, on the basis of anterior chamber tapping of the treated eyes and the untreated control eyes. Over a period of 100 min after laser surgery, a positive correlation between time and protein concentration for the treated eyes (r = + 0.86) could be established. The activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the treated eyes was increased within 5 min of the trauma, reaching a maximum 45 min after surgery, and the increase in activity level remained 150 min after surgery. The results indicate that the disturbance of the blood aqueous barrier with the YAG laser is not essentially different from that of the argon laser, although tissue damage may be more pronounced. PMID- 6546731 TI - Peptide histidine isoleucine: a secretagogue in human jejunum. AB - Peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) is a newly discovered peptide from porcine intestine, which has sequence homologies with VIP, an established intestinal secretagogue. To study the effects of PHI in human jejunum, natural porcine PHI was infused intravenously at 10.7 +/- 1.7 pmol/kg/min (mean +/- SEM) in normal volunteers during steady state perfusion of the jejunum with an isotonic bicarbonate-electrolyte solution. Plasma PHI concentrations rose to 279 +/- 26 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM) in the first 20 minutes of the infusion reaching 417 +/- 45 at 40 minutes. At these concentrations PHI induced a net secretion of chloride and sodium and either decreased net absorption or increased net secretion of fluid and potassium, while bicarbonate transport remained unaffected. Peptide histidine isoleucine is a potent jejunal secretagogue in man. PMID- 6546732 TI - A comparison of postoperative radiotherapy with postoperative chemotherapy in stage II-IV ovarian cancer patients. AB - A retrospective comparison between 28 stage II-IV ovarian cancer patients who received postoperative abdominopelvic irradiation and 15 such patients who received postoperative cis-platinum, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan chemotherapy was made. In both treatment groups there was a trend for a longer progression-free interval and 3-year survival in patients with residual tumor masses of less than 2 cm in diameter. In these patients there was also a trend favoring radiotherapy. However, all differences were not significant. Criteria for the choice of either modality of postoperative therapy of ovarian cancer patients remain to be determined. Nevertheless, the efficacy of both modes of treatment does not differ greatly. PMID- 6546733 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube: report of a case with an unusual pattern of metastasis and response to combination chemotherapy. AB - A patient with stage I fallopian tube adenocarcinoma had disease recurrence in both lungs shortly after completing adjuvant therapy with intraperitoneal 32P and parenteral cyclophosphamide. She achieved a complete clinical response to cisplatin, Adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide (PAC) chemotherapy, but was subsequently found to have brain metastasis. The implications of these observations for understanding the natural history and optimal therapy of this disease are discussed. PMID- 6546734 TI - [Experiences with the Nd-YAG laser in the surgical treatment of intra- and suprasellar tumors]. AB - The Neodym-YAG-laser has been used in 15 transcranial and 15 transsphenoidal operations of intra- und suprasellar tumors. The surgical results are reflected by ophthalmological and endocrinological controls. The incidence and nature of surgical complications is also reported. The practical experiences during the surgical procedure as well as the results are indicating, that the Nd-YAG-laser is superior to conventional surgical methods. In addition to a better control of bleeding, laser surgery allows a more radical removal and inactivation of tumor tissue without a higher risk of lesioning the adjacent structures. PMID- 6546735 TI - Control of heme oxygenase and plasma levels of bilirubin by a synthetic heme analogue, tin-protoporphyrin. AB - The catalytic site of heme oxygenase recognizes metalloporphyrins with central metal atoms other than iron; it favors some of these metalloporphyrins over heme as a potential substrate sometimes by a large factor, permitting the synthetic heme analogue to serve as a potent competitive inhibitor of the heme oxygenase reaction. Since these synthetic metalloporphyrins do not bind molecular oxygen, they are not metabolically degraded by ring rupture and do not add to the body pool of bile pigment. One possible consequence of this competitive inhibition of heme degradation is suppression of bile pigment formation to such a degree that excessive plasma levels of bilirubin may be diminished. That the latter phenomenon occurs was shown for the first time by our study in 1981 (6), and by subsequent investigations in rats, mice, monkeys and man. The compound does not appear to affect the metabolic disposition of preformed bilirubin but inhibits biliary bilirubin excretion derived from the metabolism of endogenous or exogenous heme. Whether some of the effect of Sn-protoporphyrin on naturally occurring or experimentally induced jaundice in animals reflects diversion of heme to nonheme oxygenase-dependent pathways of heme metabolism or whether a pathway which is normally latent becomes activated concurrent with heme oxygenase inhibition is not known. Sn-protoporphyrin is remarkably innocuous in the newborn rat and may prove so in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546736 TI - System optimization for improved accuracy in transcutaneous signal and power transmission. PMID- 6546737 TI - On-line electromyographic signal processing system. PMID- 6546738 TI - A computer-based dialysis therapy advisor. PMID- 6546739 TI - Whole-body autoradiography using 11C with double-tracer applications. AB - This paper reports that it is possible to obtain good autoradiographic pictures of a 11C-labelled compound ([11C]methionine) in spite of the short half-life of 20 min by modifying the whole-body autoradiographic (WBA) technique. Double radionuclide autoradiography was performed by utilizing the great difference between the half-lives of 11C and 14C or 35S. The first exposure resulted entirely from 11C, and the second exposure the day after from 14C or 35S, respectively. Satisfactory blackening of the film was obtained by a mean radioactivity of 1.6 X 10(6) disintegrations/cm2 during the exposure. The 11C-WBA technique apparently provides a useful tool in distribution studies on animals, which is valuable in the interpretation of positron emission tomography images of the same 11C-compound. PMID- 6546740 TI - Acridinyl anisidide (m-AMSA) therapy in 11 patients with refractory acute leukemia. AB - Eleven patients with acute leukemia, refractory to all previous chemotherapy, were treated with acridinyl anisidide (m-AMSA). Seven patients received m-AMSA i.v. as a single agent at 150 mg/m2 daily for 4 to 7 days, and 4 patients received m-AMSA at 90 mg/m2 daily for 3 days in combination with thioguanine and cytosine arabinoside. Four of the nine patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia responded to the treatment, and complete remission was obtained in three of them. One of these patients remained in complete remission 5 months after therapy. Three of the four responding patients received m-AMSA as a single agent. Two patients with resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia did not respond. As in earlier trials with m-AMSA reported by others, about one-third of our refractory patients responded, which justifies the future use of this agent in refractory leukemia and in other regimens for the induction of remission in acute leukemia. Despite minimal cardiotoxicity of the drug, evidence of its cardiotoxic potential is recorded. PMID- 6546741 TI - Fluence to dose equivalent conversion factors calculated with EGS3 for electrons from 100 keV to 20 GeV and photons from 11 keV to 20 GeV. AB - The EGS3 Monte-Carlo electron-photon transport simulation package has been used to calculate dose equivalent per unit fluence vs depth curves for broad parallel beams of mono-energetic electrons, positrons and photons incident on a 30-cm thick slab of ICRU four-element tissue. The electron kinetic energy range covered is 100 keV to 20 GeV and that for photons is 11 keV to 20 GeV. It was found that by making minor modifications, EGS3 is in reasonable agreement with other codes for electron energies down to 100 keV. Complete dose equivalent vs depth curves as a function of electron and photon energy are presented to allow proper calculations of the maximum dose equivalent for a mixed photon and electron spectrum since there are substantial variations in the locations of the peak dose equivalent. Explicit calculations demonstrate that l/r2 corrections give an accurate means to convert results for broad parallel beams to those for point source geometries. The relative contributions of various physical processes to the peak dose equivalent are presented. PMID- 6546742 TI - Eponym syndrome blindness: is there a cure? PMID- 6546743 TI - Radiation induced secretion of surfactant from cell cultures of type II pneumocytes: an in vitro model of radiation toxicity. AB - The pathogenesis of pneumonitis and fibrosis secondary to lung irradiation is incompletely understood. The role of the type II alveolar epithelial pneumocyte in these processes has been under investigation. The type II pneumocyte has been shown in vivo to respond to radiation induced injury with release of pulmonary surfactant. The effect of irradiation on cell cultures of type II pneumocytes was studied to determine if this could be reproduced in vitro. Type II pneumocytes were found to release surfactant material with a threshold of radiation dose between 1000 and 1500 rad. This is similar to the dosage range over which the same effect has been demonstrated in vivo. Experimental results support the concept that the release of surfactant is not due to either cell disruption or non-specific release of phospholipid from cell membranes. Irradiation appears to trigger membrane receptor mediated surfactant release. In addition, irradiation abolishes the ability of cells to subsequently respond to a physiologic agonist, suggesting radiation induced damage to the secretory mechanism. These studies establish that surfactant release in response to irradiation in vivo is a direct effect on type II pneumocytes. Cell cultures of type II pneumocytes can serve as a laboratory model of lung cell radiation toxicity. PMID- 6546744 TI - Adrenalectomy and surfactant in adult rats. AB - We examined the effect of adrenalectomy (ADX) on aspects of the surfactant system of adult rats. Five days after bilateral ADX, ADX rats had about 20% less disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in lung lavage returns (airway DSPC) than sham-operated rats, but the amount of tissue DSPC was not different between the groups; airway DSPC formed 12.8 +/- 0.5% of total DSPC (airway + tissue) in ADX and 15.9 +/- 0.7% in sham-ADX rats. An ultrastructural morphometric analysis of alveolar type 2 cells did not reveal an effect of ADX on lamellar body volume density or surface-to-volume ratio. ADX rats had heavier lungs (not as a result of edema) than sham-ADX rats. Treatment of ADX rats with hydrocortisone returned the amount of DSPC toward normal and eliminated the increase of lung weight. ADX did not alter the recoil of saline-filled lungs but did slightly increase the recoil of air-filled lungs. We conclude that corticosteroid hormones influence the in vivo functioning of the surfactant system of adult rats, but this effect seems to be slight. PMID- 6546745 TI - Failure of myocardial ischemia to increase pulmonary microvascular permeability in dogs. AB - Increased extravascular lung water has been reported following periods of myocardial ischemia. To determine whether increased pulmonary microvascular permeability was produced by ischemia, total protein lymph-to-plasma concentration ratios (CL/CP) were obtained at mechanically increased left atrial pressures (Pla) before and after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs. Pulmonary and systemic vascular pressures and cardiac output were monitored and lymph flow was measured from an afferent tracheobronchial lymphatic. Osmotic reflection coefficients (sigma) for total protein were estimated using CL/CP = 1-sigma at high filtration rates, and permeability-surface area (PSf) products were fit to the data. The postischemic lung lymph data best fit average values of sigma = 0.68 and PSf = 0.073 ml X min 1 X 100 g-1 wet weight. There were no significant differences in lymph protein or water clearances between the pre- and postischemic increased Pla states or for myocardial ischemia compared with control values for the experimental preparation. Levels of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, a degradation product of prostacyclin, increased by 10- to 14-fold above preischemic values in pulmonary lymph, and there was a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance during ischemia. Extravascular lung water was not increased above that attributed to the increased Pla alone. These data indicate no significant increase in pulmonary microvascular permeability to plasma proteins during myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6546746 TI - The clinical spectrum of syphilis in adolescence. AB - Syphilis, due to the spontaneous healing of the initial lesion, is often overlooked by adolescent patients. If undetected and untreated the condition may bring disastrous consequences. To investigate how syphilis first appears, we reviewed the medical history of 33 patients diagnosed from 1977 to 1981. The following main symptoms were found: typical chancre (9%), atypical chancre (9%), rash (45.5%), and marked lymphadenopathy (12%). Four patients were discovered only by a positive serology; four patients with low titers were discovered to have been previously treated and were monitored for evidence of cure. All patients had a positive RPR and FTA-ABS. Eleven patients (33%) had a concomitant venereal disease or a positive past history. A significant number (48%) were troubled, delinquent, or homosexual; 10% were victims of sex abuse. Contrary to general belief, most patients do not consult for a primary chancre. Instead, they present with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from a variety of dermatologic signs to diverse degrees of lymphadenopathy, to being completely asymptomatic. Syphilis was not the initial diagnosis in over one-third of our patients. Those caring for adolescents should maintain a high index of suspicion for this disease. PMID- 6546747 TI - Unavailability of human diploid cell rabies vaccine. PMID- 6546748 TI - Use of a pulsed picosecond Nd: YAG laser in 6,664 cases. AB - We used a modulated picosecond Nd:YAG laser to perform preoperative anterior capsulotomies and posterior capsulotomies in eyes with and without an intraocular lens, and to cut a variety of cyclitic membranes, iridocapsular adhesions, and vitreous traction bands in more than 6,500 cases. The complications were transient bleeding when vascularized tissues were cut because the laser does not coagulate, temporary anterior chamber inflammation, and transient increased intraocular pressure. The last two were caused by released lens material and shock wave side effects. PMID- 6546749 TI - Isolation of neocopiamycin A from Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. crystallogenes, the copiamycin source. AB - Fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. crystallogenes, the copiamycin source, yielded several minor components with antifungal activity. One of these minor components, neocopiamycin A, was isolated and characterized. The structure of neocopiamycin A was determined as N-demethylcopiamycin on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The antibiotic was found to be more active against Gram positive bacteria and fungi but less toxic than copiamycin. PMID- 6546750 TI - Synthesis of sisamine and of pseudodisaccharide analogues. AB - Lividamine and paromamine were converted into two key intermediate ethylenic aldehydes 10a and 10b. Reductive amination of the two aldehydes yielded the protected sisamine 11a and the three analogs 11b, 12a and 12b. These four derivatives were deprotected to yield the four pseudodisaccharides 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b which were less active in vitro than neamine against Escherichia coli ATCC 9637 and Staphylococcus aureus 209P. PMID- 6546751 TI - Discharge patterns of cat primary auditory fibers with electrical stimulation of the cochlea. AB - Intact and destroyed cat cochleae were electrically stimulated through round window electrodes. Intact cochleae provided information about fiber properties with acoustic stimuli. With sinusoidal currents thresholds for synchronization were 4-68 microA rms. Thresholds were independent of the fiber's characteristic frequencies and thus of their places of origin in the intact cochleae. This shows large current spread. Phase-locking of the responses to electric stimulation was much stronger than it was to acoustic stimulation. Destroyed cochleae had no spontaneous activity and showed even stronger phase-locking. Thresholds obtained using 0.2 ms per phase biphasic pulse stimuli were 60-350 microApp. Action potentials were found to be released with as little as 0.3 ms latency. The neuronal responses to any electric stimulus differed considerably from the responses to corresponding acoustic stimuli. Vestibular fibers were easily activated by electric stimulation. PMID- 6546752 TI - Heterophile antibodies to rabbit erythrocytes in human sera and identification of the antigen as a glycolipid. AB - Normal human sera contain heterophile hemagglutinins to rabbit erythrocytes which are different from anti-B isoantibody and other heterophile antibodies such as Hanganutziu-Deicher antibody or Paul-Bunnell antibody. The antigen to this antibody was purified from rabbit erythrocyte stroma, and identified as pentaglycosyl ceramide, Gal(alpha 1-3)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1 4)Glc-Cer. PMID- 6546753 TI - Cloning of cDNA sequences for murine malic enzyme and the identification of aberrantly large malic enzyme mRNA in MOD-1 null mice. AB - Polysomes containing cytosolic malic enzyme mRNA and malic enzyme nascent chains were complexed with specific antibodies and purified by chromatography on protein A-Sepharose. When poly(A+) mRNA derived from the immunoselected polysomes was translated in vitro, full length malic enzyme (subunit Mr = 58,000) accounted for a significant fraction (approximately 20%) of the polypeptides synthesized. Double-stranded cDNA, synthesized using partially purified malic enzyme mRNA as a template, was inserted into pBR 322 and cloned. Twenty-five candidate malic enzyme cDNA clones were identified by differential hybridization. Four clones were studied further and each of these was shown to have malic enzyme cDNA sequences by hybrid-selected translation and specific immunoprecipitation. Plasmid pME1, which contains a 1400-base pair insert, hybridized to two mouse liver malic enzyme mRNAs with lengths of 2300 and 3500 bases. Similar analyses were performed on liver mRNAs isolated from MOD-1 mutant mice which lack cytosolic malic enzyme activity. These Northern blots disclosed a pair of aberrantly large malic enzyme mRNAs with lengths of 2800 and 4000 bases. Furthermore, anti-malic enzyme antibodies exclusively precipitated a polypeptide translation product with a Mr of 77,000 when MOD-1 mRNA was used to direct in vitro protein synthesis. Thus, it is possible that MOD-1 malic enzyme mRNA contains an additional polypeptide coding sequence. The translation of such a sequence might disrupt enzyme function and/or markedly decrease enzyme stability. The malic enzyme cDNA probe was also employed to demonstrate that the induction of malic enzyme in the livers of previously starved mice that were fed a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet was controlled pretranslationally by a parallel modulation of the malic enzyme mRNA concentration. PMID- 6546754 TI - Complete primary structure for the zymogen of human complement factor B. AB - The entire amino acid sequence of complement factor B has been established combining both protein and DNA sequencing strategies. The zymogen consists of 739 amino acids, has four asparagine-linked carbohydrate sites, and has independently disulfide-bonded NH2- and COOH-terminal regions. The catalytic subunit, Bb, is a unique serine protease containing 259 amino acids that are not integral to any of the classical serine proteases. It is proposed that this region of the Bb fragment functions as a cofactor-binding domain for C3b. The Ba fragment was found to contain three regions of internal sequence homology which were unrelated to the "kringle" regions of prothrombin and plasminogen and which suggest an independent evolution for the B genome. Sequence alignment of the active site of B to the serine proteases was made using the three-dimensional structures of chymotrypsin and trypsin as molecular models. Three stretches within the hypothetical model for B contrast markedly with all known serine proteases in both amino acid sequences and predicted configuration. It is suggested that these "altered" regions contribute at least in part to the formation of the catalytic region of the C3 convertase. PMID- 6546755 TI - The reaction of xanthine oxidase with lumazine. Characterization of the reductive half-reaction. AB - The optical and fluorescence characteristics of lumazine (2, 4 dihydroxypteridine) and violapterin (2,4,6-trihydroxypteridine) are described. The reduction of xanthine oxidase by excess lumazine is markedly biphasic. The initial rapid phase is about 100-fold more rapid than Vmax and reflects the reaction of the enzyme with the first equivalent of lumazine; it is accompanied by the appearance of long wavelength absorbance of the Mo(IV) violapterin charge transfer species together with partial reduction in absorbance at 450 nm, reflecting a partial transfer of electrons from the Mo to the flavin and iron sulfur center. A loss of substrate fluorescence and a burst of fluorescence due to enzyme bound product also occur during this phase. The second phase is rate controlled by the dissociation of violapterin from the reduced enzyme. It is accompanied by a variable loss of the charge-transfer band, further reduction of the flavin and iron-sulfur chromophores and of substrate fluorescence, and the appearance of fluorescence of unbound product. This phase correlates well with the steady state parameters. The variation in kinetic behavior with pH is qualitatively explained by a marked decrease in the affinity of the enzyme as the pH is raised; Vmax is almost unaffected by pH. The temporal sequence of kinetic events reveals at least three steps in the reaction of xanthine oxidase with the first equivalent of lumazine. PMID- 6546756 TI - Conservation in rat liver of light and heavy subunit sequences of mammalian ferritin. Presence of unique octopeptide in the light subunit. AB - Ferritin, an iron-storage protein found in all life forms examined, is composed of varying proportions of two subunits of different molecular weight, heavy (H) and light (L). Using cDNA clones, we have determined the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the mRNA of the L-subunit of rat liver ferritin. The coding region of 546 nucleotides (182 amino acids) is flanked by 5'- and 3' untranslated regions of approximately 130 and 150 nucleotides, respectively. The rat liver L-subunit amino acid sequence derived from the reading frame of the cDNA showed 88% and 82% homology, respectively, with the amino acid sequences of horse spleen ferritin (Heusterspreute, M., and Crichton, R. R. (1981) FEBS Lett. 129, 322-327), and human spleen ferritin (Wustefeld, C., and Crichton, R. R. (1982) FEBS Lett. 150, 43-48), thus demonstrating evolutionary conservation of the L-subunit sequence. However, a major difference between the rat and the horse and human sequences is the insertion of an octopeptide near the COOH-terminus of the rat protein resulting in a slightly longer peptide chain in this species. The reading frame and parts of the derived amino acid sequence including the octopeptide sequence were confirmed by direct amino acid sequencing of cyanogen bromide peptides from rat liver ferritin. Minor fragments of rat liver ferritin, presumably derived from the H-subunit, were also isolated after cyanogen bromide treatment. On sequencing, these H-peptides showed limited homology with regions of the L-sequence but extensive homology with published H-sequences from human liver and spleen. The H-subunit sequence did not contain the octopeptide found as part of the L-subunit sequence. PMID- 6546757 TI - The isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for human apolipoprotein CII. AB - Recombinant clones containing cDNA sequences coding for human apolipoprotein CII have been isolated from a human adult liver cDNA library. The clones were detected by hybridization with a mixed probe consisting of 96 different oligonucleotides 17 bases long, complementary to the mRNA coding for amino acids 66 to 71 of apolipoprotein CII. The largest cDNA insert is 439 nucleotides long and contains the complete sequence for the mature protein, the 3' untranslated sequence, and sequence coding for 17 amino acids of a signal peptide. The cDNA clone was used to detect apolipoprotein CII mRNA approximately 500 bases long in human liver and intestine RNA. PMID- 6546758 TI - Arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy in the older patient. AB - We reviewed the cases of sixty-three patients who were more than forty years old when they underwent arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy. Thirty-five patients returned for clinical evaluation and another eight were evaluated by questionnaire and telephone interview. Over the thirty-five-month follow-up period, progressive varus deformity and medial joint-space narrowing were not observed. Of the twenty-seven knees in Group I (non-degenerative tears) that underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, satisfactory results were found in 96 per cent. Of the seventeen knees in Group II (degenerative tears) over-all satisfactory results were found in only 65 per cent. A history of pre-existing degenerative arthritis in patients with degenerative tears seemed to correlate with a less favorable outcome. PMID- 6546759 TI - A comparison between arthroscopic meniscectomy and modified open meniscectomy. A prospective randomised study with emphasis on postoperative rehabilitation. AB - Arthroscopy is now well established as a method of diagnosing meniscal lesions, and its advantages have been pointed out in several reports. Arthroscopic surgery, however, is difficult to master, so that for meniscectomy open methods remain commoner. By taking advantage of the new instruments and equipment developed for arthroscopic operations, a modified technique of open meniscectomy, designed to improve the postoperative course, has been developed. In a prospective randomised study, the results after this modified open meniscectomy were comparable with those obtained after arthroscopic operation and were significantly better than those after conventional meniscectomy. The best results of all, however, were those after partial arthroscopic meniscectomy. PMID- 6546760 TI - Open meniscectomy: enhanced recovery after synovial prostaglandin inhibition. AB - The suppression of the immediate postmeniscectomy synovial reaction by a potent prostaglandin inhibitor (flurbiprofen 400 mg daily) resulted in significantly less knee pain and swelling in 50 patients compared to 50 age-matched controls taking a simple analgesic (paracetamol 4 g daily) (P less than 0.001), thus enhancing recovery by three to four weeks. In the patients undergoing partial meniscectomy knee function was restored by 27 days, a figure comparable with endoscopic methods. PMID- 6546761 TI - Selective migration of terminally differentiating cells from the basal layer of cultured human epidermis. AB - How terminally differentiating cells are selectively expelled from the basal layer of epidermis has been a source of interest and speculation for many years. The problem can now be studied in culture, using involucrin synthesis as an early marker of terminal differentiation in human keratinocytes. When keratinocytes are forced to grow as a monolayer by reducing the calcium ion concentration of the culture medium, they still begin to synthesize involucrin. Raising the level of calcium ions induces stratification, and cells that are synthesizing involucrin are selectively expelled from the basal layer. I have found that during calcium induced stratification no new proteins or glycoproteins are synthesized, and the rate of cell division does not change. Movement of involucrin-positive cells out of the basal layer was found to be unaffected by cycloheximide, tunicamycin, or cytosine arabinoside. These results suggest that keratinocytes growing as a monolayer already have the necessary properties to determine their position when stratification is induced. Addition of calcium simply allows formation of desmosomes and other intimate cell contacts required for stratification. The properties of involucrin-positive cells that determine their suprabasal position include a reduced affinity for the culture substrate and preferential adhesion to other cells at the same stage of terminal differentiation. The molecular basis of these adhesive changes is discussed. PMID- 6546762 TI - Compartmentalization of intracellular membrane glycocomponents is revealed by fracture-label. AB - We used thin-section fracture-label to determine the distribution of wheat-germ agglutinin binding sites in intracellular membranes of secretory and nonsecretory rat tissues as well as in human leukocytes. In all cases, analysis of the distribution of wheat germ agglutinin led to the definition of two endomembrane compartments: one, characterized by absence of the label, includes the membranes of mitochondria and peroxisomes as well as those of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope; the other, strongly labeled, comprises the membrane of lysosomes, phagocytic vacuoles, and secretory granules, as well as the plasma membrane. The Golgi apparatus was weakly labeled in all studied tissues. PMID- 6546763 TI - Differences between the endocytosis of horseradish peroxidase and its conjugate with wheat germ agglutinin by cultured fibroblasts. AB - A covalent conjugate of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used for a morphologic study of its adsorptive endocytosis by cultured human fibroblasts. Initial binding at 4 degrees C of the conjugate was observed over the entire plasma membrane, including "coated" and smooth pits. Endocytosis of HRP and the WGA-HRP conjugate was observed in lysosomes, but only the conjugate was seen in a cisterna of the Golgi apparatus (GERL), and in adjacent coated vesicles. PMID- 6546764 TI - Expression of the proopiomelanocortin gene in human medullary thyroid carcinoma. AB - mRNA isolated from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) in six patients with the inherited multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 and cervical metastases in two patients with sporadic MTC was screened for the presence of calcitonin and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) related sequences by blot hybridization analysis. All tumors were found to contain mRNA hybridizing to a calcitonin specific probe. However, POMC-related sequences were detected only in RNA preparations purified from the metastases of MTC. Compared with the POMC mRNA occurring in the human pituitary gland, the size of the RNA species hybridizing to the POMC-specific probe was larger in the metastases of both of the patients investigated. cDNA complementary to mRNA from one of the metastases was cloned into pBR 322. From this library two plasmids were isolated containing inserts which were completely homologous to a sequence of 190 nucleotides from the 3'-end of human pituitary POMC mRNA. In conclusion, 1) hybridization and nucleotide sequence analyses demonstrate that the POMC gene is expressed in MTC metastases; 2) the observed length difference between MTC and pituitary mRNAs suggests differences in expression or processing; 3) no expression of the POMC gene was found in six primary tumors. PMID- 6546765 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies derived from lymphocytes from Graves' disease patients in a cytochemical bioassay for thyroid stimulators. AB - Monoclonal antibodies 208F7 and 307H6, derived from Graves' lymphocytes, were previously shown to stimulate thyroid function. We characterized these antibodies in the ultrasensitive cytochemical bioassay for thyroid stimulators. Bell-shaped dose-response curves were obtained for both antibodies, confirming their actions as thyroid stimulators; 307H6 was 10(7) times more potent than 208F7, and the ascending limb of the response curve to 307H6 was not significantly different from that of a reference preparation of thyroid-stimulating antibodies, namely LATS-B. Stimulation by both 208F7 and 307H6 was inhibited by antihuman, but not antimouse, immunoglobulin. Stimulation by 208F7, but not 307H6, was inhibited by 11E8 (a monoclonal antibody raised against the TSH receptor), which is a relatively potent inhibitor of TSH, but not thyroid-stimulating antibodies. These findings together with previous observations on the interactions of 208F7 and 307H6 with thyroid cells in both the presence and absence of TSH and of 208F7 and 307H6 with solubilized thyroid membrane components are summarized in a model relating the appropriate epitopic regions of the TSH receptor. PMID- 6546766 TI - Surfactant and pulmonary blood flow distributions following treatment of premature lambs with natural surfactant. AB - Prematurely delivered lambs were treated with radiolabeled natural surfactant by either tracheal instillation at birth and before the onset of mechanical ventilation, or after 23 +/- 1 (+/- SE) min of mechanical ventilation. Right ventricular blood flow distributions, left ventricular outputs, and left-to-right ductal shunts were measured with radiolabeled microspheres. After sacrifice, the lungs of lambs receiving surfactant at birth inflated uniformly with constant distending pressure while the lungs of lambs treated after a period of ventilation had aerated, partially aerated, and atelectatic areas. All lungs were divided into pieces which were weighed and catalogued as to location. The amount of radiolabeled surfactant and microsphere-associated radioactivity in each piece of lung was quantified. Surfactant was relatively homogenously distributed to pieces of lung from lambs that were treated with surfactant at birth; 48% of lung pieces received amounts of surfactant within +/- 25% of the mean value. Surfactant was preferentially recovered from the aerated pieces of lungs of lambs treated after a period of mechanical ventilation, and the distribution of surfactant to these lungs was very nonhomogeneous. Right ventricular blood flow distributions to the lungs were quite homogeneous in both groups of lambs. However, in 8 of 12 lambs, pulmonary blood flow was preferentially directed away from those pieces of lung that received relatively large amounts of surfactant and toward pieces of lung that received less surfactant. This acute redirection of pulmonary blood flow distribution may result from the local changes in compliances within the lung following surfactant instillation. PMID- 6546767 TI - Lectin cytochemistry and freeze-fracture study of phagocytosis in the rat retina. AB - Lectin cytochemistry and freeze-fracture intramembrane morphology have been studied in adult rat retinas during various stages of the phagocytic cycle. Animals were perfused with aldehydes at various times during the first 6 hours of light and the retinas were removed. Chopped sections of tissue were stained with one of two lectin-peroxidase conjugates: ricinis communis agglutinin (RCA), which is specific for n-acetylgalactosamine and galactose, or wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), which is specific for n-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. Other sections were frozen and prepared for freeze fracture. During the first hour of light onset, numerous phagosomes are already present in the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cytoplasm. The engulfment stages of phagocytosis whereby the RPE microvilli wrap around and enclose shed rod outer segment (ROS) tips are rarely observed at this time. Newly formed phagosomes are present in the apical RPE cytoplasm while older and more osmiophilic phagosomes are located deeper within the RPE cytoplasm. Between 2 and 4 hours of light onset fewer phagosomes are present in the RPE cytoplasm, but it is common to observe many ROS tips in various stages of microvillous engulfment. By 6 hours phagosomes are rarely present but some engulfed ROS tips continue to be observed. Both RCA and WGA stain RPE microvilli and plasma membranes of photoreceptor outer segments. WGA, in addition, labels some intradisc membranes of intact and also shed outer segments that are being engulfed but does not label disc membranes in phagosomes. At all times, phagosomes are rimmed by both lectin stains, but their internal contents are never stained. Lysosomes and multivesicular and residual bodies are labeled by both lectins. Freeze-fractured retinas show that as the ROS tips are engulfed, particle-free areas are present on disc P-face (cytoplasmic) membranes. Many newly formed phagosomes also display particle-free membrane areas and older phagosome membranes are completely devoid of particles. These observations show that the changes in WGA staining and intramembrane particle distribution on disc membranes occur in retinas during phagocytosis and suggest that some membrane component that is present for the initial phagocytic interaction may be rapidly degraded thereafter. PMID- 6546768 TI - Superior intensity and reproducibility of SHU-454, a new right heart contrast agent. AB - Intravenous injection of a variety of fluids has been shown to produce right heart contrast by ultrasound, but the intensity and reproducibility achieved are variable. Thus, a new polysaccharide agent being developed for commercial distribution, SHU-454, was quantitatively compared for intensity and variability with agitated saline solution, indocyanine green, carbon dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Videodensitometry was used to measure peak and total opacification of the right ventricle after peripheral intravenous contrast administration. One hundred eighty injections were performed in nine closed chest dogs while two dimensional echograms were recorded. SHU-454 yielded the highest peak (p less than 0.001) and total (p less than 0.005) intensity values when compared with the standard agents. In addition, SHU-454 yielded the lowest coefficient of variation between injections (p less than 0.04) in producing this contrast effect. There were no biologically significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure or arterial blood gases during injection of any of the substances used. A newly developed agent, SHU-454, is superior to standard agents in the ability to reliably produce right heart contrast after venous injection in dogs. PMID- 6546769 TI - Newcastle disease virus: the effect of monoclonal antibody in the overlay on virus penetration and the immunoselection of variants. AB - Monoclonal antibody to the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase or the fusion glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus blocked virus penetration which otherwise occurred within 90 s of the temperature being increased from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C. These antibodies regularly immunoselected variant plaques only when incorporated into the agarose overlay. Variant viruses then formed plaques whereas the growth of non-neutralized normal virus was suppressed. PMID- 6546770 TI - Comparison of [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate binding to muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain. AB - The properties of [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate ( [3H]QNB) binding and [3H]pirenzepine ( [3H]PZ) binding to various regions of rat brain were compared. [3H]PZ appeared to bind with high affinity to a single site, with a Kd value of approximately 15 nM in the cerebral cortex. The rank order of potencies of muscarinic drugs to inhibit binding of either [3H]QNB or [3H]PZ was QNB greater than atropine = scopolamine greater than pirenzepine greater than oxotremorine greater than bethanechol. Muscarinic antagonists (except PZ) inhibited both [3H]PZ and [3H]QNB binding with Hill coefficients of approximately 1. PZ inhibited [3H]QNB binding in cortex with a Hill coefficient of 0.7, but inhibited [3H]PZ binding with a Hill coefficient of 1.0. Hill coefficients for agonists were less than 1. The density of [3H]PZ binding sites was approximately half the density of [3H]QNB binding sites in cortex, striatum and hippocampus. In pons medulla and cerebellum, the densities of [3H]PZ binding sites were 20 and 0%, respectively, relative to the densities of [3H]QNB binding sites. When unlabeled PZ was used to compete for [3H]QNB binding, the relative number of high-affinity PZ binding sites in cortex, pons and cerebellum agreed with the relative number of [3H]PZ binding sites in those regions. The binding of [3H]PZ and [3H]QNB was nonadditive in cortex. GTP inhibited high-affinity oxotremorine binding, but not PZ binding. Together, these data suggest that [3H]PZ binds to a subset of [3H]QNB binding sites. Whether this subset reflects the existence of subtypes of muscarinic receptors or is a consequence of coupling to another membrane protein remains to be seen. PMID- 6546771 TI - Familial visceral myopathy. AB - We report on a 13-year-old white body with familial visceral myopathy. The abnormalities of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts are described and the literature regarding urologic implications of this disorder is reviewed. PMID- 6546772 TI - The role of glucose in preventing stress gastric mucosal injury. AB - Reports from other investigators have shown the ability of pretreatment with either parenteral (glucose) or enteral (bolus Vivonex HN) nutrition to protect against stress ulcer formation, suggesting that the mechanism of protection may be substrate availability. However, these prior animal studies have used inordinately high amounts of Vivonex HN (equal to 1050 ml/hr in a human). This study compared cytoprotection afforded by pretreatment with a continuous infusion of Vivonex HN at a more clinically applicable level to that of both parenteral (ip) and enteral (po) glucose to test the above hypothesis. One hundred eight rats were infused (0.1 ml/min) for 30 min with: po water, ip water, po 25% glucose, ip 25% glucose, or po Vivonex HN. This was followed by 2 hr of cold restraint stress. Serum glucose was determined. Poststress, animals were sacrificed, stomachs inspected, and mean ulcer index was calculated. Only oral 25% glucose offered significant gastric cytoprotection. Serum glucose was highest in both glucose groups. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Vivonex HN pretreatment failed to cytoprotect in this model, (2) gastric cytoprotection by oral but not by parenteral glucose in the presence of similar serum glucose levels suggests that luminal factors, in addition to substrate availability, are necessary for this protection to occur. PMID- 6546773 TI - Sensitivity and optimal performance in steroid receptor analysis. AB - The application of various mathematical models for the identification of binding parameters in steroid receptor studies is discussed. In contrast to the usual statistical error considerations a deterministic error analysis based on the Euclidian norm and condition numbers is included. The predicted sensitivity behaviour with respect to data scattering is in good agreement with the experimental results. PMID- 6546774 TI - Enhancement of the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in chick kidney mitochondria by an extramitochondrial factor. AB - The 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-hydroxycholecalciferol) by isolated chick kidney mitochondria is stimulated 1.5-4.0-fold by a factor or factors in postmitochondrial and postmicrosomal supernatants of homogenates of chick kidney. The stimulatory factor is heat-stable, dialyzable, and trypsin sensitive and does not appear in lipid extracts of cytosol. The stimulatory effect of cytosol was quantitatively similar over a 4-fold range in substrate concentration and a 5-fold enzyme concentration range. Cytosol did not appear to increase substrate availability to the mitochondria as determined by measurement of substrate and products in mitochondria following incubation with [3H]25 hydroxyvitamin D3. The stimulatory activity is equivalent in cytosolic fractions from kidneys of vitamin D-deficient and replete chicks and is also present in brain and liver tissue. These latter observations suggest that the stimulatory factor (or factors) is not involved in the regulation of the 25-hydroxy-vitamin D3-1-hydroxylase. PMID- 6546775 TI - [Hodgkin's disease of primary pericardial origin]. PMID- 6546776 TI - Muscarinic antagonist binding site heterogeneity as evidenced by autoradiography after direct labeling with [3H]-QNB and [3H]-pirenzepine. AB - Saturable, high affinity binding of tritiated pirenzepine [( 3H]-PZ) was obtained in slide mounted tissue sections prior to performing autoradiographic localization of these binding sites. The binding in tissue sections of rostral rat forebrain gave a KD of 18nM and a Bmax of 51 fmoles/mg tissue. These binding characteristics are similar to those previously obtained in homogenate membrane preparations and indicate the binding is taking place in a similar manner. The distribution of the binding sites labeled with [3H]-PZ represented a subpopulation of those which could be labeled with tritiated quinuclidinyl benzilate [( 3H]-QNB). Thus, [3H]-PZ and [3H]-QNB both label regions of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and dorsal horn of the spinal cord, while sites in the cerebellum, nucleus tractus solitarius, facial nucleus and ventral horn of the spinal cord are labeled with [3H]-QNB and not by [3H]-PZ. These observations indicate separate regions of the brain where antagonists bind to subtypes of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6546777 TI - Lung surfactant and fatty acid composition of lung tissue and lavage of rats fed diets containing different lipids. AB - Two nutritional models, essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency and the feeding of saturated vs unsaturated fats, were used to determine the effects of dietary lipids on the fatty acid composition of rat lung and lavage. Semipurified diets containing 7% corn oil, 7% hydrogenated coconut oil (EFA-deficient), 10% butter or 10% safflower oil were fed to dams during lactation and thereafter to their offspring for a total of 24 weeks. Lipids were extracted from the lung lavage and lung tissue and their fatty acid composition was determined. The content of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the main surfactant in the lungs, was also determined. The results show that the levels of DPPC in the lungs of rats fed 10% butter decreased although the decrease in the EFA-deficient rats was greater. Comparing rats fed butter with those fed corn oil, there were also modifications in the fatty acid composition of the total lipids and phospholipids of lung tissue and lavage as well as in phosphatidyl-choline, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol + phosphatidylserine fractions isolated from the lung tissue. The changes in fatty acid composition were somewhat fewer in rats fed butter then in those fed an EFA-deficient diet. The results suggest that a marginal EFA deficiency produced in rats by long-term feeding of 10% butter may account for the reduction in DPPC levels and in the changes in fatty acid composition in the lung tissue and lavage. PMID- 6546778 TI - [Quantitative analysis of circulatory radiograms using computers]. AB - A technique of quantitative RCG analysis is proposed and tested. It enables the unbiased evaluation of regional hemodynamics phases and of the relation between blood flow rate in arterial and venous beds. The technique is based on calculating the first derivative of the radiocirculogram. The specially developed program may be executed by the computer (ZBM EC). PMID- 6546779 TI - Pulmonary microvascular exchange: an analog computer simulation. AB - An analog computer simulation of human pulmonary microvascular exchange was programmed and tested. This model of blood-to-lymph transport is based on a compartmental analysis of the lungs and has the capacity to describe fluid volumes, plasma protein content, flows and pressures for both normal and perturbed conditions. Normal conditions were predicted and shown to be in agreement with the literature. The trends in the response of the lungs to changes in microvascular pressure is shown also to agree with the literature both for steady state and transient predictions. The results of a sensitivity analysis, which demonstrates the response of the lungs to a variety of perturbations, is also reported. The simulation predicts reasonable results for normal, transient, and perturbed conditions in human lungs. PMID- 6546780 TI - Prostitution and STD. PMID- 6546781 TI - Membrane expansion and inhalation anesthetics. Mean excess volume hypothesis. AB - High-precision solution densimetry was used to determine volume parameters for the interaction of inhalation anesthetics with water, nonpolar solvent, and phospholipid vesicles. The precision of the densimeter is mainly limited by the constancy of the temperature during measurement. Therefore, temperature stability was maintained within +/- 0.0005 degrees and monitored by a microprocessor controlled Thermistor thermometer with 0.0001 degrees resolution. All values were obtained at 25 degrees. Because volatile anesthetics in liquid form usually contain water, they were purified by passage through activated aluminum oxide columns. The molal volumes of dried preparations at the pure liquid states were: halothane, 106.3(3); isoflurane, 123.6(6); and enflurane, 121.9(9) cm3 X mole-1 at 298.150 degrees K. The mean molal excess volumes of anesthetic-water mixtures were negative at dilute anesthetic concentrations in water and positive at dilute water concentrations in liquid anesthetics. These values were dependent on the mole fractions of each component and showed a minimum in the water-rich region and a maximum in the anesthetic-rich region. In water, the partial molal volumes were halothane 93.7, isoflurane 103.4, and enflurane 98.6 cm3 X mole-1 at infinite dilution, and increased as the anesthetic concentration was increased. The partial molal volumes of water in liquid anesthetics were in halothane 21.7, isoflurane 21.0, and enflurane 20.5 cm3 X mole-1 at infinite dilution, and decreased as the anesthetic concentration was decreased. The mean excess volumes of the anesthetic-decane mixture were positive in the entire mixing range. The partial molal volumes of anesthetics in n-decane at infinite dilution were halothane 114.9, isoflurane 135.3, and enflurane 135.2 cm3 X mole-1. The mean specific excess volumes of the mixture of anesthetics and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle suspension showed positive values. The partial molal volume was not evaluated because of the theoretical difficulty in estimating it in a dispersed two-phase system. Because the mean excess volume of anesthetics dissolved in water is always negative and that incorporated into phospholipid suspension is positive, anesthetics expand the total volume of the model membrane system when translocated from water to the membrane. Anesthesia occurs when the mean excess volume of the total system exceeds a limiting value, and the bulk membrane size is irrelevant. Although the present result in no way disclaims alternative hypotheses, it demonstrates that the pressure reversal of anesthesia can be explained without assuming any specific receptors for these anesthetics. PMID- 6546783 TI - Being hard on software. PMID- 6546782 TI - On the genetic and structural similarities between the squash seeds polypeptide trypsin inhibitors and wheat germ agglutinin. AB - In this report we propose the disulfide bridges alignment in the squash polypeptide trypsin inhibitors. The prediction is based on the extensive homology in the amino acid sequence between these inhibitors and a portion of the wheat germ agglutinin domains for which the position of the disulfide bridges are known. PMID- 6546784 TI - Nucleotide sequence of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a glycoprotein of endoplasmic reticulum. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 4.8-kilobase mRNA for hamster 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the endoplasmic reticulum enzyme that controls cholesterol biosynthesis, shows that it is a protein of 887 amino acids (molecular weight 97,092) which contains three potential sites for asparagine linked glycosylation. The reductase is a transmembrane glycoprotein, but in contrast to many other transmembrane glycoproteins, it lacks a cleavable or hydrophobic NH2-terminal signal sequence. PMID- 6546785 TI - [Continuous epidural infusion of opiates; a new form of pain control in patients in the terminal stage of illness]. PMID- 6546786 TI - [Sexually transmissible diseases in heroin-addicted prostitutes in Amsterdam 1982]. PMID- 6546787 TI - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the thyroid and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. PMID- 6546788 TI - Subjective reports of female orgasmic expulsion of fluid. AB - Fifty-four percent of a sample of 227 women reported having experienced an orgasmic expulsion of fluid at least one time. The source of the fluid is still not certain. PMID- 6546789 TI - Marked intraocular pressure rise following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. AB - A Nd:YAG laser was used to perform a posterior capsulotomy on a patient one and a half years after phacoemulsification. Within 24 hours the intraocular pressure had increased to 67 mm Hg despite pre-treatment with timolol and acetazolamide. Intraocular pressure eventually returned to pre-capsulotomy levels after several days. A mechanism is postulated for the particularly high pressures encountered in this case. PMID- 6546790 TI - Food and Drug Administration handling of neodymium: YAG lasers. PMID- 6546791 TI - Local anesthetic effect of intrathecal normal saline. PMID- 6546792 TI - Vitamin D metabolism in osteogenesis imperfecta during calcitonin therapy. AB - The effect of calcitonin on plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] was studied in six patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. The mean pretreatment value of plasma 1,25-(OH)2D was significantly higher than the mean value of age-matched control subjects (P less than .05). High or normal plasma levels of 1,25-(OH)2D before calcitonin therapy were decreased after 1 month of therapy and remained normal thereafter in all six patients. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, which were normal before calcitonin injection, remained normal during calcitonin administration. These results indicate that there may be acute and chronic effects of calcitonin on vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 6546793 TI - Complete nucleotide sequence of tobacco streak virus RNA 3. AB - Double-stranded cDNA of in vitro polyadenylated tobacco streak virus (TSV) RNA 3 has been cloned and sequenced. The complete primary structure of 2,205 nucleotides reveals two open reading frames flanked by a leader sequence of 210 bases, an intercistronic region of 123 nucleotides and a 3'-extracistronic sequence of 288 nucleotides. The 5'-terminal open reading frame codes for a Mr 31,742 protein, which probably corresponds to the only in vitro translation product of TSV RNA 3. The 3'-terminal coding region predicts a Mr 26,346 protein, probably the viral coat protein, which is the translation product of the subgenomic messenger, RNA 4. Although the coat proteins of alfalfa mosaic virus (A1MV) and TSV are functionally equivalent in activating their own and each others genomes, no homology between the primary structures of those two proteins is detectable. PMID- 6546794 TI - Sequence of human adenosine deaminase cDNA including the coding region and a small intron. AB - The nucleotide sequence for an unusual, cloned human adenosine deaminase cDNA has been determined. Contained within a sequence of 1535 nucleotides is a coding sequence of 1089 nucleotides that encodes a protein of 40,762 daltons. The coding sequence is interrupted by a non-coding region containing 76 nucleotides. Both the 3' and 5' ends of this region have consensus sequences generally associated with splice sites. The 3' untranslated sequence contained 308 nucleotides, including a polyadenylation signal sequence 20 nucleotides from the end. The cloned cDNA appears to correspond to a nuclear mRNA precursor which contains a small intron. PMID- 6546795 TI - Computer programs in nucleic acid synthesis: synthetic strategy development using solid-phase chemical techniques with data storage, retrieval and analysis capabilities. AB - A computer program has been designed to aid development of synthetic strategies for oligonucleotides produced by solid-phase chemical techniques. The program reduces the time required to develop a strategy and a data file from hours to minutes. The program contains inventories, provides cost analyses, and generates and stores other associated data. The program searches an inventory of sequences for that sequence to avoid duplicate synthesis. If the sequence is not in the inventory the program devises a synthetic strategy, calculates the amounts of reagents and labor costs necessary to complete the synthetic oligonucleotide. The program also deducts the reagents from inventory files. Physical data is also calculated. A file is generated in a sequence inventory for storage of the data as well as other data that will be generated during the purification processes. All variable parameters can be easily edited. The programs were designed to provide a cross-referencing feature for data analysis and can use several parameters as a constant. PMID- 6546796 TI - Non-Alu family interspersed repeats in human DNA and their transcriptional activity. AB - Randomly selected human genomic clones have been surveyed for the presence of non Alu family interspersed repeats. Four such families of repeats have been isolated and characterized with respect to repetition frequency, interspersion, base sequence, sequence divergence, in vitro RNA polymerase III transcription, elongation of transcripts in isolated nuclei, and in vivo transcription. The two most abundant of the four families of repeats correspond to previously reported families of repeats, namely the kpn I family and poly (CA). We conclude that most of the highly repetitive (greater than 50,000 copies) human interspersed repeats have already been identified. Two lower abundance repeats families are also described here. The abundance with which each of these families is represented in nuclear RNA qualitatively corresponds to their genomic reiteration frequencies. Further, the complementary strands of each repeat family are approximately symmetrically transcribed. The abundance of these repeats in cytoplasmic RNA is qualitatively less than in nuclear RNA. The bulk of the in vivo transcriptional activity of these repeats thus appears to be nonspecific read through from other promoters. PMID- 6546798 TI - Apple IIe and IBM PC. Comparison of America's most popular personal computers. PMID- 6546797 TI - Amplified DNA in Y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells: isolation of cDNAs complementary to an amplified c-Ki-ras gene and localization of homologous sequences to mouse chromosome 6. AB - We have isolated cDNA clones complementary to a c-Ki-ras cellular oncogene that is amplified in Y1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, with the amplified sequences located on double-minute chromatin bodies (DMs) and homogeneously staining chromosomal regions (HSRs). Characterization of the cDNAs included the isolation of corresponding genomic clones, Northern blot analysis of RNA, and DNA sequence analysis. Our studies demonstrate that the c-Ki-ras gene amplified in the Y1 cells is homologous to the human c-Ki-ras2 gene. We have also obtained evidence that, in addition to c-Ki-ras, at least one other transcription unit has been amplified in the mouse adrenal tumor cells. Moreover, by Southern blot analysis of Chinese hamster-mouse somatic cell hybrids, we have determined that the amplified DNA sequences associated with DMs and HSRs, including the c-Ki-ras gene, are present in normal mouse cells on chromosome 6. PMID- 6546799 TI - [Lymphosarcoma of the mediastinum with pulmonary metastases in patients with posttuberculous pneumosclerosis]. PMID- 6546800 TI - A survey of vitamin D deficiency in gastrointestinal and liver disorders. AB - A survey of vitamin D status in 152 patients with chronic gastrointestinal conditions and 104 patients with chronic liver diseases is presented. Mild deficiency was common and severe deficiency, as judged by plasma 25-OHD levels less than 8 nmol/l, was encountered in every disease category tested. In the gastrointestinal disease patients, deficiency was significantly more common in patients following gastroenterostomy than other gastric surgery, in patients with active Crohn's disease than in those with inactive disease and in patients with chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic carcinoma with cholestatic features than in those without cholestatic features. Deficiency was as common in patients with Crohn's disease who had not been treated surgically as in those who had. There was no significant correlation between plasma 25-OHD levels and any laboratory index of malabsorption or malnutrition except for serum albumin in the gastric surgery patients, haemoglobin and ESR in the Crohn's disease patients and albumin and vitamin E in the group of patients with gastrointestinal disorders taken as a whole. In the chronic liver disease patients, those with late primary biliary cirrhosis had lower plasma 25-OHD levels than those with histological Stage I and II disease who all had normal levels, and those with pruritus and jaundice were more commonly severely deficient. Whatever the underlying disease process, patients with other coincidental medical conditions were much more likely to be deficient as were patients with cholestasis. Evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteomalacia on bone histology indicated the clinical relevance of the vitamin D deficiency. This study showed no relationship between abnormal plasma vitamin D binding protein levels and vitamin deficiency. PMID- 6546801 TI - Studies on intestinal calcium absorption in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. AB - Using an in vitro method, the uptake of radio-labelled Ca2+ by jejunal biopsy specimens from control subjects, patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and patients with renal stones without hypercalciuria, were compared. Radio-labelled Ca2+ uptake was investigated over the concentration range 0.1-5.0 mmol/l. For all subjects there was a linear relationship between Ca2+ uptake and medium concentration suggesting that Ca2+ uptake was a passive process. There was no significant difference in Ca2+ uptake between control subjects and patients with renal stones without hypercalciuria. Patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria, both absorptive and renal subtypes, showed increased Ca2+ uptake at all incubation medium concentrations. Assays of various biochemical parameters including alkaline phosphatase, Ca2+-activated ATPase, cyclic AMP and Ca2+ binding protein, in jejunal biopsy specimens showed no significant differences between control subjects and patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria. The results suggest that the intestinal abnormality in idiopathic hypercalciuria is due to enhanced permeability of the brush border membrane to Ca2+, possibly mediated by alterations in membrane lipids. PMID- 6546802 TI - Whole body scanners: a comparison between a second and third generation system. PMID- 6546803 TI - [Computer tomography of mycotic aortic aneurysm]. AB - The CT findings in 2 patients with mycotic aortic aneurysms are presented. CT was helpful in establishing the diagnosis by detecting the presence of aneurysms surrounded by an abscess and reactive enlargement of the lymph nodes. CT should be the first investigation for patients with suspected aortic aneurysms and with fever of unknown origin. PMID- 6546804 TI - Some interrelationships between glucose levels thromboxane production and prostacyclin production in normal and diabetic mice. AB - We investigated the relationship between glucose levels and platelet thromboxane production or aortic prostacyclin production, using radioimmunoassay (RIA) to measure thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. We found a direct relationship (p less than .05) between plasma glucose levels and thromboxane A2 production by arachidonate stimulated platelets in platelet rich plasma of normal mice. However, when mice were deprived of food overnight, the glucose level fell but the TxB2 production rose significantly. Moreover, mice with streptozotocin diabetes had significantly elevated glucose levels, but normal TxB2 production, which also rose significantly after fasting. Thus in our laboratory both fasting and diabetes nullify or reverse the direct relationship between glucose levels and TxB2 production seen in normal fed mice. This makes it difficult to ascribe the correlation between glucose and TxB2 levels in normal fed animals to cause and effect. RIA revealed an inverse correlation between glucose levels and 6-keto PGF1 alpha production which was highly significant in aortas taken from fasted mice and stimulated for 10 minutes with 0.1 mM arachidonate. This inverse correlation was present with either normal or diabetic aortas. Moreover, fasting increased the production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. However there was a significant elevation of 6-keto production by aortas of mice with diabetes of 5-6 weeks duration, compared to aortas of normal mice. Therefore either diabetes in these mice reversed a normal inhibitory effect of glucose on 6-keto production, or else the inverse correlation between glucose levels and 6-keto production does not represent a cause and effect relationship between the two variables. PMID- 6546805 TI - Anthelmintic effect of levamisole, ivermectin, albendazole and fenbendazole on larval Toxocara canis infection in mice. AB - The anthelmintic effects of levamisole (100-50 mg kg-1 live bodyweight), ivermectin (2 mg kg-1 bodyweight), albendazole and fenbendazole (both 100 mg kg-1 bodyweight), were tested against second stage Toxocara canis larvae in mice. Anthelmintic treatment on days 2 to 7 after infection inclusive resulted in significant (P less than 0.05) retention of larvae in the liver, and fewer larvae migrated subsequently to the brain and the musculature of treated mice compared to untreated controls. Most of the larvae retained in the liver subsequently died there and were not recoverable by day 35 after infection, causing significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in the total larval recoveries compared to the controls. The oral route of drug administration caused higher larval retention in the liver than the subcutaneous route. All infected levamisole treated mice survived for four months, whereas half the similarly infected but untreated mice died within the same period. Treatment on days 8 to 13 inclusive after infection had no effect on second stage T canis larvae suggesting that once the larvae have reached the brain and musculature they are not susceptible to anthelmintic agents. PMID- 6546806 TI - Intragastric bacteria and nitrite after short-term treatment with different doses of antimuscarinic drugs. AB - In 11 volunteers gastric acid secretion was measured under basal conditions and after modified sham-feeding after 4 1/2 days' treatment with placebo tablets twice daily (placebo), pirenzepine, 50 mg twice daily (pirenzepine), benzilonium bromide, 17.5 mg twice daily (benzilonium 35), or benzilonium bromide, 35 mg twice daily (benzilonium 70), respectively. The first basal portion of gastric fluid was cultured aerobically and anaerobically, and its nitrite concentrations were measured by a colorimetric technique. Basal acid output was reduced 40% by pirenzepine, 71% by benzilonium 35, and 84% by benzilonium 70. Reduction of the stimulated acid output was 47%, 57%, and 74%, respectively. Mean bacterial count (in log10/ml gastric juice) after placebo was 3.50 +/- 0.81 (SEM). Only the treatment with benzilonium 70 gave significantly increased bacterial counts (6.41 +/- 0.68; p less than 0.01). Mean nitrite concentrations (in mumol/l) after placebo, pirenzepine, benzilonium 35, and benzilonium 70 were 2.90 +/- 1.26 (SEM), 3.90 +/- 1.17, 11.36 +/- 7.24, and 18.81 +/- 5.71, respectively. The last value was significantly different from that after placebo (p less than 0.025). Bacterial counts were negatively correlated to basal acid output (p less than 0.001) but not to stimulated acid output. Nitrite was directly correlated to bacterial counts and inversely correlated to basal and stimulated acid output. Even a short-lasting but strong inhibition of gastric acid output by antimuscarinics can change the intragastric milieu significantly. No significant changes occur after moderate reduction of gastric acid output. PMID- 6546807 TI - [Place of nuclear medicine methods in thyroid diagnosis]. AB - Since the introduction of precise and easily accessible methods of measuring the level of T4 and T3 in serum, the use of isotopes to assess thyroid function can no longer be advocated. Moreover, the recent growth in knowledge concerning the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases indicates that not even scintigraphic imaging of the thyroid gland contributes substantially to therapeutic decisions in routine situations such as Graves' disease and most euthyroid and hyperthyroid nodular goiters. The use of isotopes in clinical thyroidology should therefore be restricted to the fairly few cases where it is essential for diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, such as, for example, in planning 131I-therapy of postoperative goiter recurrences. A critical review of the indications is presented. Isotopes continue, however, to expand our knowledge of the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases in clinical research. PMID- 6546808 TI - [Diagnostic significance of blood thyroglobulin determination]. AB - Thyroglobulin (Tg) is a protein which is synthesized in the thyroid. In healthy individuals only minute amounts of Tg can be found in the serum. In patients with thyroid disorders serum Tg levels are usually elevated, but the extent of this increase gives no indication of the nature of the underlying disease. Measurement of serum Tg is an established method in screening for thyroid disorders and in follow-up of patients with differentiated carcinomas of the thyroid. It seems likely that serum Tg determinations will also prove useful for other purposes (e.g. as an aid in deciding whether to treat a simple goiter by thyroid hormone administration or surgery). PMID- 6546809 TI - Potentiation of opiate analgesia and apparent reversal of morphine tolerance by proglumide. AB - Exogenous cholecystokinin selectively antagonizes opiate analgesia, which suggests that endogenous cholecystokinin may act physiologically as an opiate antagonist and may play a role in opiate tolerance. The use of the selective cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide provided a test of these hypotheses in rats that were either inexperienced with or tolerant to opiates. Proglumide potentiated analgesia produced by morphine and endogenous opiates and seemed to reverse tolerance. These results suggest that endogenous cholecystokinin systems oppose the action of opiates. PMID- 6546810 TI - A pure enzyme catalyzing penicillin biosynthesis. AB - Isopenicillin N synthetase (cyclase) has been purified to homogeneity from Cephalosporium acremonium strain C-10. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 40,000 to 42,000 and yields a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was purified in 10 percent yield by a combination of protamine sulfate and ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration, and ion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. The purified enzyme can be stabilized with sucrose and stored at -20 degrees C for several weeks without any loss in activity. PMID- 6546811 TI - Urinary tract infection among women attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. AB - The symptoms, signs, and laboratory findings for 69 women who were seen at a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic and who had acute urinary tract infection (UTI) were compared with those for women who had vaginitis, gonorrhea, or chlamydial infection. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus were the two most common causes of acute cystitis in this population and accounted for 62 (90%) of 69 infections. Forty-three percent of the women had positive tests for antibody-coated bacteria (ACB), an observation implying renal infection although symptoms of upper tract infection were infrequent. Frequency, urgency, dysuria, and suprapubic tenderness were significantly associated with cystitis, whereas vaginal discharge and vulvar itching were associated with vaginitis. There was, however, considerable overlap in symptoms among the four groups of women, and their accurate differentiation required objective information based upon pelvic examination, examination of vaginal fluid, and urinalysis. In the absence of vaginitis on wet mount and mucopurulent cervicitis on examination, pyuria, as determined by examination of centrifuged urine, had an 88% sensitivity, 76% specificity, 61% positive predictive value, and 93% negative predictive value for acute UTI. Because of the high prevalence of positive ACB tests and the possibility that infection with Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseria gonorrhoeae may be mistaken for cystitis, we prefer a five- to seven day course of antibiotics over single-dose therapy for treatment of patients with possible UTI in the setting of an STD clinic. PMID- 6546812 TI - Oxidized cellulose hemostat (Surgicel) PMID- 6546813 TI - [Various disputable problems of ambulatory treatment of tumors of the blood system]. PMID- 6546814 TI - Thromboxane production in umbilical vein grafts. AB - Umbilical vein grafts were placed in the carotid arteries of sheep and removed after 10 or 90 days for determination of in vitro production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) in the anastomoses and in the middle of the grafts. At both intervals the grafts produced much more TxB2 than carotid arteries, but no significant difference in production of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was found between grafts and carotid arteries. The strongly decreased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/TxB2 ratio indicates a low resistance to platelet adhesion and aggregation, which may be a contributory cause of the thrombogenicity of vascular grafts and may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of neointimal fibrous hyperplasia. PMID- 6546815 TI - Protein C, an anticoagulant protein, is increased in healthy volunteers and surgical patients after treatment with stanozolol. AB - On both oral and intramuscular administration, the anabolic steroid stanozolol was found to increase protein C antigen concentrations in circulating blood. In fourteen healthy young volunteers (who received stanozolol orally, dose 10 mg/day) the average increase was 1.5-1.6 times the normal concentrations after 3 6 weeks' treatment and was accompanied by more moderate increases in the other vitamin K-dependent factors II, IX and X to 1.4, 1.4 and 1.2 times their normal concentration respectively. However, there was no change in factor VII. In sixteen elderly surgical patients, intramuscular injection (50 mg) one day prior to surgery induced a moderate increase within 24 hours (to 1.11 times the pretreatment concentration) and seven days after operation (to 1.19 times), and reduced the postoperative fall in protein C. Stanozolol administration seems to be a promising pharmacological method for increasing anticoagulant protein C levels in congenital and acquired deficiencies. PMID- 6546816 TI - Multiple-dose nonlinear regression analysis program for the microcomputer. AB - An adaptation of a previously published program for nonlinear regression analysis of serum drug concentrations which can utilize data obtained during multiple-dose administration is described. Specific programs have been developed for aminoglycosides, digoxin, and theophylline. The programs provide initial parameter estimates (for a one-compartment linear model) for each drug based on mean population parameters and refined estimates based on observed concentration data. Clinical examples which demonstrate the flexibility of these programs are provided. The programs may also be employed for fitting data for any drug that can be adequately described by a one-compartment linear model. PMID- 6546817 TI - The occurrence of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latr. 1806), a possible vector of the spotted fever group rickettsiae, on sheep in the Negev region in Israel. PMID- 6546818 TI - The microfilaricidal activity of ivermectin in vitro and in vivo. AB - Ivermectin has been tested against the microfilariae of Onchocerca lienalis, Brugia pahangi and Dirofilaria immitis in vitro and in vivo. All in vitro tests were performed on larvae incubated for 48 hours at 37 degrees C in Hepes buffered medium 199 containing 20% serum, benzylpenicillin and streptomycin. In vivo tests were performed on larvae in female BALB/C mice dosed with ivermectin, 5 mg/kg, orally. The microfilariae of B. pahangi in vitro were insensitive to ivermectin at concentrations to 30 ng/ml. In vivo, an 87% reduction in the level of microfilaraemia was obtained by 24 hours after drugging but no reduction was observed in the numbers of peritoneal microfilariae. O. lienalis microfilariae in vitro were killed by ivermectin at 3 ng/ml and the larvae of this species within the subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues of the mouse were also eliminated by ivermectin at 5 mg/kg. D. immitis larvae within the bloodstream of the mouse were also sensitive to ivermectin at the dosage employed but were unaffected by ivermectin in vitro at concentrations up to 30 ng/ml. PMID- 6546819 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in some lymphoreticular diseases. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by K cells against chicken erythrocytes was measured in 113 patients with malignant lymphoreticular disorders and compared with 230 controls. The results were expressed as the specific cytotoxicity of a fixed number of cells and also by cytotoxic capacity, which measures the number of cytolytic units in 1 ml of blood. The values for cytotoxic capacity were normal in the group of untreated patients with non Hodgkin's lymphomas, multiple myeloma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in most of the patients with Hodgkin's disease or acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, decreased specific cytotoxicity was observed in these same lymphoid leukemia patients, which may be due to dilution of effector cells. The effect of chemotherapy in reducing K-cell activity is more evident in patients with multiple myeloma, followed by patients with Hodgkin's disease, and finally by patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. No case of K-cell neoplastic disease was observed in this series. PMID- 6546821 TI - Symposium on sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6546820 TI - FAM2 regimen in disseminated gastric cancer. AB - Forty-four previously untreated patients with advanced inoperable and/or disseminated gastric carcinoma were given an i.v. combination (FAM2) chemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil, 400 mg/m2 on days 1, 2 and 3, and 21, 22 and 23; adriamycin, 40 mg/m2 on days 2 and 22; and mitomycin C, 10 mg/m2 on day 1, with a recycle on day 42 (1 cycle = 41 days). Forty patients have completed 2 cycles and are evaluable (median number of cycles 5; range 3 to 8): 26 of these achieved a partial remission, with a response rate of 65%; 4 (10%) gained a stable situation for 3 to 6 months, and 10 (25%) showed progression of disease. Median duration of partial remissions was 10 months, and median survival was 15 months for responders and 5 months for nonresponders. A fall in WBC (less than 2500/microliter) occurred in 7% and of platelets (less than 80,000/microliter) in 4.5%. Total alopecia occurred in 20 of 40 patients and nausea and or weakness were common findings. No drug-related infection, bleeding or death was observed. Patients with advanced gastric carcinoma can derive useful palliation from FAM2 chemotherapy. PMID- 6546822 TI - Evaluation and management of acute genital ulcers in sexually active patients. AB - The causes of genital ulcers vary with the age of the patient. Although sexually related genital ulcers can be seen at any age, they are most common between the ages of 15 and 30. The differential diagnosis includes syphilis, chancroid, genital herpes, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale, fixed drug reactions, and traumatic ulcers. PMID- 6546824 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against the sand tampan (Ornithodoros savignyi). PMID- 6546823 TI - Effect of ivermectin treatment on eosinophilic pneumonia and other extravascular lesions of late Strongylus vulgaris larval migration in foals. AB - Eighteen parasite-free pony foals were infected orally with 500 third stage larvae of Strongylus vulgaris. At 56 days after infection, six ponies were treated with intramuscular ivermectin (22, 23-dihydroavermectin B1); six were treated with oral ivermectin; and six were not treated. Necropsy was done 91 days after infection to study the pathologic effects of migrating S. vulgaris larvae and to determine the efficacy of ivermectin in attenuation of S. vulgaris-induced lesions. Larval migration induced eosinophilic inflammation of the liver, spleen, mesenteric, colic and cecal lymph nodes, and small and large intestine. Previously unreported parasitic lesions included eosinophilic pneumonia with eosinophilic granulomas and pulmonary lymphoid nodules. S. vulgaris larvae were observed in eosinophilic granulomas in the lung, epicardium, liver, and intestinal serosa. Injectable and oral ivermectin formulations were equally effective in reduction of these lesions. PMID- 6546825 TI - Macular pigment in Henle fiber membranes: a model for Haidinger's brushes. AB - The dichroic properties of lutein, presumed to be the macular pigment, are demonstrated and the structure of Henle fiber membranes is discussed. A consequence of the pigment molecules being incorporated into the bilipid components of these membranes is shown to be the production of Haidinger's brushes. Spectra of lutein in association with phospholipid model membranes at different temperatures are presented and these support the theory that such incorporation occurs. Additional experiments test an alternative model for Haidinger's brushes and show it to be inconsistent with the spectroscopic properties of lutein. PMID- 6546827 TI - [Association of stomach ulcer and lymphosarcoma (a case report)]. PMID- 6546826 TI - [Antitryptic and antichymotryptic activity of salivary gland secretions and intestinal contents of the medical leech Hirudo medicinalis]. AB - Antithrombin, antitryptic and antichymotryptic activities were studied in various tissues of medical leech Hirudo medicinalis. Maximal antithrombin and antitryptic activities were found in secretion products of salivary glands. Intestinal chyme exhibited distinct antichymotryptic activity. The antichymotrypsin activity correlated with antithrombin activity in hirudin preparations, obtained after isoelectrofocusing and free of bdellines. A preparation of "pseudohirudin" exhibited neither antitryptic nor antichymotryptic activities. PMID- 6546828 TI - [Effect of the meat of farm animals fed new nitrogen-containing food additives on the morphologic features of the internal organs in the rat]. AB - A study was made of the internal organs of rats fed the meat of agricultural animals whose diet included non-protein nitrogen-containing compounds--urea, isobutylidene diurea and a polymer, carbamide with polyacrylamide. Morphological studies have demonstrated that inclusion into the diet of experimental rats of the meat of young bulls given isobutylidene diurea and urea leads to structural alterations in the internal organs of rats, the most pronounced alterations being detected in experiments with the use of the meat of young bulls given isobutylidene diurea. The feeding of experimental rats with the meat of animals grown with the use of the polymer did not affect the morphofunctional status of their organs. PMID- 6546829 TI - [Recurrence of duodenal ulcer after therapy with Sucralfat or cimetidine]. AB - Relapse rates of duodenal ulcer after treatment with sucralfate or cimetidine were investigated in a one-year follow-up study. During this period 23 out of 27 patients (85.1%) initially treated with sucralfate relapsed, in comparison with 17 out of 21 patients (80.9%) after cimetidine therapy. Recurrence after cimetidine was more often asymptomatic than after sucralfate. These results suggest that recurrence rates of duodenal ulcer are not essentially influenced by the mode of action of the initially used drug. Cytoprotection by sucralfate did not result in fewer or later relapses than reduction of acidity by cimetidine. PMID- 6546830 TI - [Interaction of Rickettsia akari with the host cell in vitro: multiplication, formation of spheroplast-like forms and its destruction in phagolyosomes]. AB - The electron microscopic study of the interaction of R. akari, strain CK, with the monolayer culture of L-cells was made 4 days after inoculation. Rickettsiae multiplied by transverse binary fission immediately in the cytoplasm of the cells and left the cells by gemmation, surrounded with plasmolemma and a fragment of the host cytoplasm. Alongside with multiplying rickettsiae, spheroplast-like rickettsiae and rickettsiae at the stage of destruction were regularly observed in phagolysosomes. The authors suggest that the normal interaction of rickettsiae with the host cell may be realized by three following routes (1) reproduction, (2) destruction in phagolysosomes and (3) formation of altered (anomalous) forms. The ability of the vegetative forms of rickettsiae and chlamydiae to yield spheroplast-like forms (the initial phase of bacterial L-transformation) indicates that these organisms are similar to bacteria and cannot be themselves regarded as L-forms. PMID- 6546831 TI - Knee function after arthroscopic meniscectomy. A prospective study. AB - In a prospective study, operation under arthroscopy was done in 100 consecutive patients (11 women and 89 men) with a lesion of one meniscus. Meniscectomy was done in 86 patients with medial meniscus tears and in 14 with lateral tears. After 2 weeks, 85 patients were back at work. PMID- 6546832 TI - Reversal of cerebral arterial spasm by intrathecal administration of a calcium antagonist (nimodipine). AB - Specific antagonists to the influx of calcium, necessary for the excitation contraction coupling process in arterial smooth muscle, are potentially useful in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm but systemic hypotension might limit their clinical applicability. We studied the effect of the calcium antagonist nimodipine (BAY e 9736) on cerebral arterial spasm, intraventricular pressure and blood pressure (BP), when administered into the cerebral ventricles of the dog. Cerebral vasospasm was produced by the injection of autologous blood into the cisterna magna. In a group of 8 dogs, 100 micrograms of nimodipine was injected into the lateral ventricle. The effect of the drug on the basilar artery was monitored angiographically. Nimodipine always relieved spasm, and often the relaxation surpassed the resting vessel diameter. In a control group, the injection of placebo did not relax the spastic arteries. Determinations using gas chromatography of nimodipine in CSF and blood demonstrated that a concentration of 1 microgram/ml in cisternal CSF was sufficient to reduce spasm while concomitant plasma concentrations of 0.004 micrograms/ml did not result in significant BP reduction. PMID- 6546833 TI - Relation of riboflavin nutriture in healthy elderly to intake of calcium and vitamin supplements: evidence against riboflavin supplementation. AB - The status of riboflavin nutriture was evaluated in 24 healthy elderly female residents of a private, nonprofit facility for the care of ambulatory elderly. Riboflavin intake by history was greater than or equal to the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for this nutrient in all but three subjects, and the average intake in the group as a whole was 50% greater than the RDA. Confirmatory of the findings by history, the status of riboflavin nutriture was excellent in nearly all subjects as evaluated by urinary riboflavin excretion and erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient. By contrast, calcium intake was greater than or equal to the RDA in ony four of the 24 subjects. The adequacy of calcium intake was found to depend upon a sufficiently high percentage of the total dietary intake of riboflavin being derived from milk and dairy products. It was observed that individual calcium intakes were less than 80% of the RDA unless 40% or more of the total intake of riboflavin was derived from milk and dairy products rather than from other food sources. In those subjects taking daily supplementation with a single multivitamin tablet containing low levels of riboflavin, the total intake of riboflavin and its urinary excretion were increased similarly, suggesting that even small amounts of riboflavin are not retained by elderly subjects consuming a diet adequate in riboflavin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546834 TI - Radioiodine-induced thyroid storm: a point of controversy. PMID- 6546835 TI - Abnormal amniotic fluid spectrophotometry in a pregnancy associated with fetal duodenal atresia. PMID- 6546836 TI - A benign cystic teratoma of the ovary with chronic thyroiditis. PMID- 6546837 TI - Strategies for searching medical natural language text. Distribution of words in the anatomic diagnoses of 7000 autopsy subjects. AB - Computerized indexing and retrieval of medical records is increasingly important; but the use of natural language versus coded languages (SNOP, SNOMED) for this purpose remains controversial. In an effort to develop search strategies for natural language text, the authors examined the anatomic diagnosis reports by computer for 7000 consecutive autopsy subjects spanning a 13-year period at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. There were 923,657 words, 11,642 of them distinct. The authors observed an average of 1052 keystrokes, 28 lines, and 131 words per autopsy report, with an average 4.6 words per line and 7.0 letters per word. The entire text file represented 921 hours of secretarial effort. Words ranged in frequency from 33,959 occurrences of "and" to one occurrence for each of 3398 different words. Searches for rare diseases with unique names or for representative examples of common diseases were most readily performed with the use of computer-printed key word in context (KWIC) books. For uncommon diseases designated by commonly used terms (such as "cystic fibrosis"), needs were best served by a computerized search for logical combinations of key words. In an unbalanced word distribution, each conjunction (logical and) search should be performed in ascending order of word frequency; but each alternation (logical inclusive or) search should be performed in descending order of word frequency. Natural language text searches will assume a larger role in medical records analysis as the labor-intensive procedure of translation into a coded language becomes more costly, compared with the computer-intensive procedure of text searching. PMID- 6546838 TI - Oxygen and retrolental fibroplasia: update and challenge. PMID- 6546839 TI - Pharmacokinetic aspects of intrathecal morphine analgesia. AB - Fifteen patients undergoing thoracotomy were given 0.25 or 0.50 mg morphine intrathecally (L2-L3 or L3-L4) for an analgetic and pharmacokinetic study. Administration of morphine at the end of the operation resulted in a highly variable duration of analgesia ranging from 1-20.5 and 1-40 h for the 0.25 and 0.50 mg groups, respectively. Calculation of cumulative consumption pattern of additional analgesics given im indicated a dose-related analgesia lasting around 12 h. Morphine concentrations in the CSF were high and dose dependent. Thus, at 1 h, CSF concentrations (means +/- SEM) were 4,228 +/- 361 ng/ml and 10,447 +/- 1,538 ng/ml for the 0.25 and 0.50-mg groups, respectively. The plasma concentrations generally were very low, i.e., under 1 ng/ml. For the 0.50 and 0.25 mg groups, the terminal elimination half-life in CSF was 175 +/- 9 min and 196 +/- 13 min, respectively: the volume of CSF distribution was 0.88 +/- 0.16 ml X kg-1 and 1.06 +/- 0.17 ml X kg-1, respectively: and the clearance from CSF was 2.81 +/- 0.41 microliter X kg-1 X min-1 and 3.41 +/- 0.55 microliter X kg-1 X min 1, respectively (means +/- SEM). The study indicates that the significant pharmacokinetic parameter related to the long duration of analgesia after intrathecal morphine administration probably is the high CSF concentrations found, since the rate of elimination from CSF is similar to what is reported for morphine in plasma. Furthermore, modulation of nociceptive input in the thoracic region also may be achieved by lumbar administration, but a slower onset should be anticipated. PMID- 6546840 TI - [Mycotic aneurysms. Apropos of 2 cases of femoral aneurysms]. PMID- 6546841 TI - [Intrathecal pethidine. Comparison with a local anesthetic]. PMID- 6546842 TI - Infestation potential of Psoroptes ovis (Hering) from cattle injected with ivermectin. AB - Cattle scabies mites, Psoroptes ovis (Hering), surviving on cattle injected subcutaneously with ivermectin were capable of infesting to unprotected cattle 3, 5, 7, and 9 days after injection. All recipient cattle exposed to mites from vehicle-injected cattle developed reproductive colonies in 5 weeks. All recipient cattle exposed to mites from ivermectin-injected cattle at 3 and 5 days after injection developed reproductive colonies in 5 weeks. By 8 weeks, 3 of 4 and 2 of 4 recipient cattle exposed to mites from ivermectin-injected cattle 7 and 9 days after injection, respectively, developed reproductive colonies. To prevent the spread of mites, injected cattle should be isolated from uninfested cattle for longer than 9 days. PMID- 6546843 TI - Oral thyroxine: variation in biologic action and tablet content. AB - Thirty-two patients with primary hypothyroidism were given oral thyroxine as Levothroid or Synthroid to see if the two preparations had similar effects. The serum thyroxine was used as an index of bioavailability and the serum thyrotrophin as an index of biologic activity. The serum thyroxine was lower in all 32 patients when taking Synthroid than when taking Levothroid. In 15 patients the serum thyroxine level fell low enough to raise the serum thyrotrophin; in all 15 the serum thyrotrophin rose when taking Synthroid. Direct measurement of thyroxine in the tablets showed that the tablets of Synthroid contained 20% to 30% less thyroxine than their stated content. Thus, the decreased bioavailability (lower serum thyroxine) and decreased biologic action (higher serum thyrotrophin) of Synthroid were due to the lower content of thyroxine. An incidental observation is that the range of serum thyroxine in treated hypothyroid patients is 7.6 to 16.6 micrograms/dL, higher than in normal persons. Because oral thyroxine is widely used, a cooperative effort among manufacturers, the United States Pharmacopeia and Food and Drug Administration, and clinicians to ensure the potency and biologic action of oral thyroxine is in order. Meanwhile, it seems reasonable to use oral thyroxine that is close to the stated content. PMID- 6546844 TI - Hypocalcemia-induced pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch. New experience with an old syndrome. AB - Hypocalcemia occurs in patients with psoriasis vulgaris, pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch, and impetigo herpetiformis. In most cases hypocalcemia is caused by accompanying hypoalbuminemia, yet reductions in ionized serum calcium concentrations due to hypoparathyroidism or malabsorption have been reported. We report the case of a patient with surgical hypoparathyroidism in whom hypocalcemia precipitated typical pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch. The psoriasis rapidly cleared on two occasions when the patient's serum calcium was corrected by therapy with oral calcium and vitamin D or its analogues, and reappeared when treatment was discontinued. The patient's psoriasis cleared on a third occasion when her serum calcium level returned to normal with a calcium infusion. Hypocalcemia can precipitate pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch in susceptible persons. These psoriatic flares are due not to abnormal circulating levels of parathyroid hormone or vitamin D metabolites but to hypocalcemia. PMID- 6546845 TI - Autoimmune neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, and reticulocytopenia in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6546846 TI - Comparison of two cochlear implant speech-processing strategies. AB - Speech processors extracting either the fundamental frequency (F0) alone, or the fundamental frequency combined with second formant information (F0-F2), have been evaluated on a totally deaf patient using a multiple-channel cochlear implant. A closed set test using 16 spondees and a modified rhyme test showed that for electrical stimulation alone the F0-F2 speech processor was significantly better than the F0 processor. The open set tests using phonetically balanced words and Central Institute for the Deaf everyday sentences showed that for electrical stimulation alone and electrical stimulation combined with lipreading, the results with the F0-F2 speech processor were all significantly better than with the F0 processor. Information transmission for consonant speech features was also better when using the F0-F2 processor. PMID- 6546847 TI - Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in Guamanian Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. AB - We evaluated 16 Guamanian Chamorros with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 33 patients with parkinsonism-dementia for disturbances of calcium and vitamin D metabolism. The serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone level was mildly elevated in 6 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in 5 patients with parkinsonism-dementia. There were significant positive correlations between serum immunoreactive parathyroid levels and duration of illness in male patients with motor neuron disease, but not in female patients or in patients with parkinsonism dementia. Intestinal absorption of calcium, as assessed by serum and urinary activity of calcium 47 following oral administration, was decreased in 2 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in 4 patients with parkinsonism-dementia, all of whom had low levels of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Reductions in cortical bone mass were striking in patients with motor neuron disease. A significant negative correlation was found between the percentage of cortical area of the second metacarpal bone and muscle atrophy and weakness, and significant positive correlations were found between degree of immobility and ratio of urinary hydroxyproline to creatinine in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. In general, abnormalities in calcium metabolism were subtle. Thus, if the demonstrated deposition of metals, particularly calcium and aluminum, in central nervous system tissues of Guamanians with these two conditions is a cause of the diseases and of the early appearance of neurofibrillary tangles in neurons, the accumulation has apparently occurred long before onset of symptoms, and detectable abnormalities of calcium and vitamin D metabolism may already have been corrected. PMID- 6546849 TI - 24-Oxo and 26,23-lactone metabolites of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 have direct bone resorbing activity. AB - The biological activities of several 24-oxo and 26,23-lactone metabolites of vitamin D were determined in bone organ cultures. The 24-oxo metabolites were significantly more potent bone-resorbing agents than the lactones. 1,25-(OH)2-24 oxo-D3 had 0.18 X the bone-resorbing activity of 1,25-(OH)2D3 in fetal rat limb bones and was equipotent with 1,25-(OH)2D3 in neonatal mouse calvaria. In the limb bone system, 1,23,25-(OH)3-24-oxo-D3 had 0.08 X the activity of 1,25 (OH)2D3. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 1,25-(OH)2-24-oxo-D3 had a similar time course of bone resorbing effects in both bone culture systems. The most potent of the lactones, 1,25S-(OH)2D3-26,23R-lactone, had approximately 0.009 X the activity of 1,25 (OH)2D3 and approximately 500 times the activity of the 25S-OH-D3-26,23R-lactone. The 25S and 1,25S lactones were more potent than the 25R and 1,25R isomers. In experiments designed to determine whether either 1,25-(OH)2-24-oxo-D3 or 25R-OH D3-26,23S-lactone could prevent the bone-resorbing activity of 1,25-(OH)2D3, no inhibitory effects were observed. The results suggest that conversion to the lactones represents a substantial inactivation step, whereas conversion to 24-oxo derivatives results in less reduction in biological activity. PMID- 6546848 TI - Aflatoxin B1 dihydrodiol antibody: production and specificity. AB - A specific antibody for 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyaflatoxin B1 (AFB1-diol) was prepared, and its reactivity was characterized for the major aflatoxin (AF) B1 (AFB1) metabolites. Reductive alkylation was used to conjugate AFB1-diol to ethylenediamine-modified bovine serum albumin (EDA-BSA) and horseradish peroxidase for use as an immunogen and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) marker, respectively. High reactant ratios, 1:5 and 1:10, for AFB1-diol EDA-BSA (wt/wt) resulted in precipitated conjugates which were poorly immunogenic. However, a soluble conjugate obtained by using a 1:25 ratio of AFB1 diol to EDA-BSA could be used for obtaining high-titer AFB1-diol rabbit antibody within 10 weeks. Competitive ELISAs revealed that the AFB1-diol antibody detected as little as 1 pmol of AFB1-diol per assay. Cross-reactivity of AFB1-diol antibody in the competitive ELISA with AF analogs was as follows: AFB1-diol, 100%; AFB1, 200%; AFM1, 130%; AFB2a, 100%; AFG1, 6%; AFG2, 4%; aflatoxicol, 20%; AFQ1, 2%; AFB1-modified DNA, 32%; and 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxy AFB1, 0.6%. These data indicated that the cyclopentanone and methoxy moieties of the AF molecule were the primary epitopes for the AFB1-diol antibody. The AFB1-diol competitive ELISA was subject to substantial interference by human, rat, and mouse serum albumins but not by BSA, Tris, human immunoglobulin G, or lysozyme. By using a noncompetitive, indirect ELISA with an AFB1-modified DNA solid phase, a modification level of one AFB1 residue for 200,000 nucleotides could be determined. PMID- 6546850 TI - Protein composition of the atrial muscarinic acetylcholine receptor partially purified by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. AB - The use of affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin columns to partially purify detergent extracts of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor from porcine atria is described. The procedure results in a 20-fold purification of the protein. The partially purified protein binds [3H]L-QNB (the L isomer of quinuclidinyl benzilate) with an observed association rate constant 2- to 3-fold lower than that found for the detergent extract; however, incubation with column fractions eluted prior to the receptor gives an association rate constant similar to that for detergent extracts. The component responsible for this effect is nondialyzable and protease sensitive, indicating that it may be a protein or high molecular-weight peptide. Affinity labeling experiments with [3H]propylbenzilylcholine mustard [N. J. M. Birdsall, A. S. V. Burgen, and E. C. Hulme (1979) Brit. J. Pharmacol. 66, 337-342] show radioactivity incorporated mainly in a broad peak of apparent molecular weight 75,000 +/- 5000. PMID- 6546851 TI - Mycotic aortic aneurysms in children. AB - Mycotic aneurysms of the aorta are uncommon in babies and children. Prior to the development of antibiotics, most mycotic aneurysms were seen secondary to bacterial endocarditis, but this is now uncommon. Instead, more cases have been reported as complications of umbilical artery catheters in newborns. We have seen five cases of mycotic aneurysms in children, two of them secondary to umbilical artery catheters. One patient had coarctation of the aorta, and the other patients had different sources of infection. Three patients were treated surgically by us with good results after antibiotic therapy. One patient died of sepsis before the aneurysm was diagnosed. The fifth patient was treated elsewhere and now has a recurrent aneurysm. We think a combination of aggressive medical and early surgical therapy may save a high percentage of these patients. PMID- 6546853 TI - Another kind of extraepithelial neuroendocrine cell in the appendix. PMID- 6546852 TI - [Gc subtyping in blood stains by isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients]. AB - The applicability of isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients for the Gc subtyping in the forensic examination of bloodstains was tested. It is shown that due to the excellent separation of the Gc 1S and 1F bands subtyping of bloodstains can be done with high reliability. PMID- 6546855 TI - Use of a microcomputer for anatomic pathology data. PMID- 6546854 TI - Metastatic choriocarcinoma appearing as a unilateral renal mass. PMID- 6546856 TI - Eosinophilic myocarditis: a role for mast cells? PMID- 6546857 TI - Plant material in ovary following barium enema. PMID- 6546858 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis-primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome. PMID- 6546859 TI - Histologic differentiation of gout and pseudogout using polarized light. PMID- 6546860 TI - PAS reaction stains phagocytosed atypical mycobacteria in paraffin sections. AB - In 4% formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, PAS negativity for mycobacteria in the literature has been axiomatic. However, recent observations of disseminated human mycobacteriosis have shown that intracellular (phagocytosed) organisms stained strongly positive with the routine PAS technique. This staining was abolished by a sequential hydrolytic procedure, which suggests that the carbohydrate residues of the mycobacterial peptidoglycolipids are responsible for the reaction. This staining characteristic in tissue sections is of diagnostic importance, since few bacteria of medical relevance are concomitantly acid-fast and PAS positive. The nature of this affinity is for the aqueous form of basic fuchsin. PMID- 6546861 TI - Dermal ultrastructure in leprosy. AB - We studied the ultrastructure of the dermal inflammatory response in 18 patients with leprosy. Biopsy specimens from 14 lepromatous patients, including four with Lucio's phenomenon and four with erythema nodosum leprosum, were compared with biopsy specimens from one borderline lepromatous and three borderline tuberculoid patients. In all, the dermal infiltrate consisted of macrophages, lymphocytes, and mast cells. This infiltrate was predominantly perivascular, and chronic reactive changes were found in the small dermal vessels. The macrophages contained phagocytized organisms within membrane-bound vacuoles and a wide variety of lysosomal residual dense bodies. Intraendothelial organisms were occasionally seen, especially in biopsy specimens from the patients with Lucio's phenomenon. The greatest number of mast cells were also seen in the infiltrate in those cases. The frequent close association of macrophages with lymphocytes and mast cells suggests an interrelationship between these cells that appears typical of the host response to leprosy. PMID- 6546862 TI - The effects of sample size on reticulocyte counting and stool examination. The binomial and poisson distributions in laboratory medicine. AB - In tests that involve counting or searching for discrete objects, clinical laboratory specimens that are too small produce insensitive and imprecise test results. We found that ten of 57 surveyed New England hospital laboratories examine less than a 50-mg stool sample for parasite eggs; they are, therefore, unlikely to detect infections characterized by low concentrations of eggs in stool. Conversely, all 57 laboratories use the traditional, appropriate sample size of at least 1,000 RBCs for reticulocyte counting. In this report, we discuss theoretical and practical considerations in small sample testing. PMID- 6546863 TI - Routine microscopic examination of the urine sediment. Should we continue? AB - Our study attempted to answer the following questions: What percentage of patients at routine hospital admission have notable urine sediment abnormalities? Is the urine specific gravity related to the yield of sediment abnormalities? Is there an increased yield of sediment abnormalities when the test is specifically requested by the physician? Of 442 patients admitted to the hospital, microscopic sediment abnormalities were present in 28%. In one half of these, the only abnormality was the presence of WBCs. There was no relationship between the yield of microscopic abnormalities and urine specific gravity. When the examination was specifically requested by the physician, our work load dropped by 75%. However, surprisingly, the yield of abnormalities did not increase. Therefore, we recommend that microscopic sediment examination be performed on every patient admitted to the hospital. PMID- 6546864 TI - Pasteurella multocida urinary tract infection. AB - Most Pasteurella multocida infections in humans have been associated with animal bites or scratches. While a variety of infections involving P multocida, unassociated with animal trauma, have been described, infections of the urinary tract are rare. We studied a case in which P multocida was isolated from the urine of a woman with advanced uterine cervical cancer. In most of the cases in which P multocida has been isolated from urine, the patients have had anatomic defects of the urinary tract, as well as an underlying chronic illness. These host-related characteristics appear to be important in the pathogenesis of P multocida urinary tract infection. PMID- 6546865 TI - Long-term effects of pulmonary shrapnel injury. Report of a case with carcinoma and residual shrapnel tract. AB - Bullets and shrapnel fragments may occasionally lead to intrathoracic complications many years after their initial penetration. We report a case of pulmonary carcinoma arising in relation to pleural scarring from a shrapnel wound received 38 years earlier. An incidental finding was a patent, epithelialized tract running from the upper lobe pleural scar deep into the lower lobe, interpreted as a residue of the shrapnel's path through the lung. PMID- 6546866 TI - Renal calcification in suckling rats after high doses of calcitriol (1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol). AB - Light and electron microscopic characteristics of renal calcification caused by high doses of calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) were examined in suckling rats. Four daily doses of calcitriol caused greater hypercalcemia and kidney calcification in 2-week-old than in 3-week-old rats. Calcium deposits, as localized with glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil), von Kossa's, or alizarin red S stains, were found primarily in the renal cortex. Glomeruli and tubules were calcified in younger pups, whereas only tubules were affected in older pups. Electron-dense deposits were found primarily in proximal tubules and consisted of needlelike crystals, large mitochondrial granules, and lamellar deposits along basal laminae. The location and appearance of the deposits were similar to those described in vitamin D-treated adult rats. The deposits probably resulted from the hypercalcemia and not from a direct toxic effect of calcitriol on the kidney. PMID- 6546867 TI - Periodic disklike structures of the adult human loop of Henle. Light and electron microscopic studies. AB - A total of 51 adult human kidneys was examined for the presence of the periodic disklike thickenings recently described by Belliveau in the basement membrane of the loop of Henle. These "Belliveau bodies" formed a PAS-positive rectangular lattice within the basement membrane and appeared limited to the loop of Henle. The bodies were seen in the medulla of every kidney examined but varied considerably in the frequency of their appearance from case to case. This variability did not correlate with predominant illness, organ weight, or time interval between death and autopsy. They averaged 9 to 14 micron in diameter with a horizontal and vertical periodicity of 12 and 16 micron, respectively. Although the bodies were PAS positive and diastase resistant, they did not stain with Congo red, mucicarmine, reticulin, or elastin staining techniques. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of multilaminated areas of basement membrane material. The constancy of their appearance in the material examined suggests that they are a normal anatomic feature or possibly an age-related change of the basement membrane of Henle's loop in the human kidney. PMID- 6546868 TI - Homology between the female paraurethral (Skene's) glands and the prostate. Immunohistochemical demonstration. AB - Homology between female paraurethral glands and the prostate has often been suggested. A means was developed that would lend histochemical support to this hypothesis. Female urethra from autopsy and surgical material was serially sectioned and studied in 19 patients ranging in age from newborn to 86 years. Paraurethral glands were identified in 18 of these. The tissue was stained with antibodies to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific acid phosphatase (PSAcPh) using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Of those cases in which paraurethral glands were seen, 83% were positive for PSA and 67% for PSAcPh. Intensity of staining was semi-quantitatively evaluated. In addition, intraluminal secretions and urethral columnar epithelium showed positive enzyme and antigen staining. There was no discernible variation of glandular development or pattern of staining with patient age. This study demonstrates the homologous nature of the female paraurethral glands and the prostate and supports speculations about functional similarity. PMID- 6546869 TI - Value of bandaging after excision of a meniscus of the knee joint. AB - Thirty patients with meniscus tears, not complicated by any other disease of the knee joint, were divided into two groups, the purpose being to find out whether postoperative bandaging had any effect on postoperative recovery. One group was not bandaged, while in the other group a padded layer bandage was applied. This was removed one day after the operation. The operative technique and the postoperative treatment were the same in both groups. The clinical state was assessed preoperatively, three days, seven days and five weeks postoperatively. There were no significant differences between the groups in the range of knee movements, ability to elevate the straight leg, circumference of the knee, the thigh or the ankle, or in the duration of sick-leaves. Bandaging did not promote recovery after excision of a meniscus of the knee in this regime of treatment. PMID- 6546870 TI - [Nutrition physiology effects of dietary fats in rations for growing pigs. 5. Effects of soy bean oil and lard on protein retention in piglets]. AB - In two experiments with 30 and 26 castrated male pigs of the German Landrace breed, weight range 15-30 kg, the influence of isoenergetic changes in the carbohydrate and fat fractions of the diet were examined. The effect of the addition of soya oil (SO) and lard (LA) to the diet on the utilization of protein and on the blood urea concentration was also examined. The apparent digestibilities of the crude nutrients and energy were determined using different methods. The following were examined: experiment I: ration I (control), ration II (+7% SO), ration III (+7% LA) experiment II: ration I (control), ration II (+2% SO), ration III (+2% SO + 5% LA), ration IV (+7% LA) In all experiments the animals were fed a similar amount of digestible crude protein of constant quality at constant ME-intake. In both experiments the apparent digestibility of crude protein in the groups with 7% added fat was 4% higher (p less than 0,05) than in the corresponding control groups. The apparent digestibility of crude fat in experiment I and II (in groups II and III and in groups III and IV, respectively) was approximately 87%, when calculated on the basis of faecal fat which was determined by a simple ether extract procedure. When the faeces was treated with HCl before determination, these values for experiment I and II were approximately 6% (p less than 0,001) and 1% (NS) lower, respectively. In both experiments the utilization of protein and the blood urea concentration were not significantly influenced by the amount or form of fat included in the rations. PMID- 6546871 TI - Specific deuteration and membrane structures. PMID- 6546872 TI - Role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the control by glucagon of gluconeogenesis from various precursors in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes from overnight-starved rats were incubated with 1-20 mM-fructose, dihydroxyacetone, -glycerol, -alanine or -lactate and -pyruvate with or without 0.1 microM-glucagon. The production of glucose and lactate was measured, as was the content of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. The concentrations of fructose (below 5 mM) and dihydroxyacetone (above 1 mM) that gave rise to an increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate were those at which a glucagon effect on the production of glucose and lactate could be observed. Glycerol had no effect on fructose 2,6 bisphosphate content or on production of lactate, and glucagon did not stimulate the production of glucose from this precursor. With alanine or lactate/pyruvate as substrates, glucagon stimulated glucose production whether the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was increased or not. The extent of inactivation of pyruvate kinase by glucagon was not affected by the presence of the various gluconeogenic precursors. The role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis from precursors entering the pathway at the level of triose phosphates or pyruvate is discussed. PMID- 6546873 TI - The binding of monosaccharides to wheat germ agglutinin: fluorescence and NMR investigations. AB - The synthesis of N-acetyl- and N-trifluoroacetyl-glucosaminides was reported. The interaction of these compounds with wheat germ agglutinin, a plant lectin specific for N-acetyl-glucosamine and sialic acid, was investigated by two complementary approaches: 1H and 19F NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. This last technique relies on the existence of a competitive equilibrium involving the protein, the ligand and O-(methylumbelliferyl)-N-acetyl-glucosaminide, a fluorescent saccharide. The binding constants and the chemical shifts in the complex were determined and were related to the protein structure. PMID- 6546874 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis in osteoblastic cells, clone MC3T3-E1. AB - A stimulative effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was tested on osteoblastic cells, clone MC3T3-E1, cultured in serum-free medium with 0.1% bovine serum albumin. This steroid increased alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose-related fashion. The steroid also stimulated dose-dependently collagen and non-collagen protein syntheses, their maximal effects being observed at 12 and 24 h, respectively. The incorporation of [3H]-proline into collagen or non-collagen protein in cells exposed to this steroid for 12 h was 2.9 or 1.9-fold over that of control cultures, respectively. These results strongly indicate the stimulative effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. PMID- 6546875 TI - The potent induction of intestinal heme oxygenase by the organotin compound, bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide. AB - Oral administration of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide, an important organotin biocidal agent, produces a substantial elevation in heme oxygenase activity when measured at 16 hours in rat small intestine. An apparent Km for hemin of 100 microM is the same in both control and the organotin-induced 9,000 X g supernatant preparations. Concomitant with elevated heme oxygenase activity there occurs a substantial reduction in benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity (approximately 20% of controls) and cytochrome P-450 concentration (approximately 60% of controls). These perturbations of heme metabolism in intestinal epithelium of the rat define an important new toxicological effect of organotins and raise the possibility that concurrent oral ingestion of environmental pollutants can directly affect the cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of other chemicals in the intestine. PMID- 6546876 TI - Induction of a 'stress' protein in intact mammalian organs after the intravenous administration of sodium arsenite. AB - The profile of nascent proteins synthesized in various rabbit organs after the intravenous injection of sodium arsenite was analyzed by the cell-free translation of purified polysomes. Examination of the translation products of polysomes isolated 1 hr after injection of sodium arsenite revealed a marked induction of synthesis of a protein of molecular weight 74,000 (74K) in the kidney, heart and liver which was similar to a 'heat shock' protein which was induced in these organs after elevation of body temperature by 2.5 to 3 degrees C. Synthesis of the 74K protein was not detected in the translation products of brain polysomes isolated 1 hr after sodium arsenite injection. PMID- 6546877 TI - Molecular cloning of DNA complementary to bovine adrenal P450scc mRNA. AB - P450scc is the rate-limiting hormonally regulated enzyme that cleaves the cholesterol side chain. Translation of bovine adrenocortical mRNA and immunoprecipitation with rabbit anti-bovine P450scc indicates P450scc mRNA represents 1% of the total. DNA complementary to bovine adrenocortical mRNA was cloned in the PstI site of pBR322 by dC X dG tailing and high-efficiency transformation. A clone containing sequences complementary to P450scc mRNA was identified by hybrid-selected translation only when plasmid DNA was first purified by CsCl gradient centrifugation. As is often the case with hybrid selected translation, the clone identified contains a small insert. PMID- 6546878 TI - Alterations in hepatic heme and cytochrome P-450 metabolism in Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma-bearing rats. Implications for drug metabolism. AB - Previous studies have shown that tumor-bearing rats have significantly decreased hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity with, consequently, significantly decreased capacity for microsomal oxidative drug metabolism. Subsequent investigations have revealed that the rates of hepatic cytochrome P-450 apo-protein synthesis and degradation are decreased significantly and hepatic microsomal heme oxygenase activity is increased significantly in rats bearing an extra-hepatic tumor. Further studies have been done to attempt to clarify the pathogenesis and significance of these observations. Hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity in male Wistar rats declined to a nadir of 162 +/- 34 (S.E.) pmoles ALA per mg protein per 30 min 6 days following i.m. transplantation of Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma (vs control = 218 +/- 36 pmoles per mg per 30 min). Turnover of 3H-labeled heme in microsomal CO-binding particles (i.e. cytochrome P-450 heme) was increased significantly 8 days following i.m. transplantation of Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma with a T 1/2 of 5.5 hr for the fast phase of hepatic cytochrome P-450 heme disappearance in tumor-bearing rats as compared with a T 1/2 of 7 hr in control rats. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 apo-protein concentration was slightly, but not significantly, increased in Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma-bearing rats as compared with control rats up to 10 days following tumor transplantation. These results suggest that, in Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma-bearing rats, decreased microsomal cytochrome P-450 concentration is the result of both decreased cytochrome P-450 apo-protein synthesis and increased cytochrome P-450 heme turnover. Apo cytochrome P-450 concentration was not appreciably altered because increased cytochrome P-450 heme turnover and decreased cytochrome P-450 apo-protein degradation were balanced by decreased cytochrome P-450 apo-protein synthesis. Because of their effects on cytochrome P-450 concentration and action, these alterations in heme and hemoprotein metabolism may be of importance in regulating oxidative drug metabolism in the tumor-bearing state. PMID- 6546879 TI - Inhibition of the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and protein in HeLa S3 cells by cucurbitacins, glucocorticoid-like cytotoxic triterpenes. AB - Cucurbitacins were found to inhibit the incorporation of radioactive precursors into DNA, RNA and protein in intact and permeabilized HeLa S3 cells. The observed inhibition was rapid and irreversible although the maximal effect (almost complete inhibition) required several hours of cell exposition to the agent. The magnitude of the inhibition was, with some exceptions, nearly the same for all three precursors within the entire range of cucurbitacin concentrations examined. The ID50 values (concentrations required to produce half-maximal inhibition of the macromolecule biosynthesis) determined for several cucurbitacins were very close to their respective ED50 values (those for half-maximal inhibition of cell proliferation). Parallel with the inhibition of [3H]-labelled precursor incorporations into nucleic acids, cucurbitacin diminished the [3H]thymidine and [3H]uridine nucleotides' pool sizes of HeLa S3 cells. No effect of cucurbitacin on the [3H]leucine pool was observed. The studies presented prove that cucurbitacins inhibit the biosynthesis of DNA, RNA and protein in HeLa S3 cells, and that these inhibitory effects are closely related to the inhibition of HeLa S3 cell proliferation by cucurbitacins. The mechanism of the inhibition is unknown but the obtained results suggest that cucurbitacins act upon an unidentified target, which results in the inhibition of macromolecule biosynthesis. It was also found that these inhibitory effects of cucurbitacins are neither mediated by glucocorticoid receptors nor require replication, transcription or translation. PMID- 6546880 TI - Maternal diabetes and neonatal respiratory distress. I. Maturation of fetal surfactant. AB - The phospholipid composition of amniotic fluid samples from 30 normal patients and 44 diabetic patients over the last 10 weeks of pregnancy was studied. Higher levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) were found in diabetic pregnancies where there was excellent glucose control. These differences were statistically significant at 34-36 weeks. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) appeared significantly earlier in the well controlled diabetic pregnancies, but even in the poorly controlled diabetics the levels of PC, PI and PG were comparable to those in normal pregnancies. There was no evidence of delayed appearance of fetal surfactant phospholipids in either the well or poorly controlled diabetic pregnancies. The absolute lecithin (PC)/sphingomyelin (SM) ratio in diabetic pregnancies was generally greater for any given gestational age than those in normal pregnancies. Whilst in most cases this was due to a higher PC concentration, in a few poorly controlled diabetics it was the result of a lower concentration of SM. PMID- 6546881 TI - Quenching of DNA-ethidium fluorescence by amsacrine and other antitumor agents: a possible electron-transfer effect. AB - The antitumor agent amsacrine, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m AMSA), when bound to double-stranded DNA, particularly poly(deoxyadenylicthymidylic acid), reduced the fluorescence of bound ethidium without physically displacing it from DNA. Fluorescence lifetime measurements showed that the reduction of fluorescence was not due to reduction of the lifetime of the excited state of ethidium. Rather, a proportion of the DNA-bound ethidium changed to a state where the fluorescence was highly quenched. Several other 9-anilinoacridine derivatives, and also 9-hydroxyellipticine, caused quenching of ethidium-DNA fluorescence, whereas 9-aminoacridine, proflavin, and ellipticine had no effect. Resonance energy transfer (Forster transfer) is not responsible for the effect since there is no spectral overlap between the absorption spectrum of any of the agents and the fluorescence emission spectrum of ethidium. It is suggested that quenching may occur as a result of reversible formation of electron-transfer complexes between the intercalating drug and the excited state of ethidium. PMID- 6546882 TI - Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by various aldehydes. AB - The inactivation of bovine milk xanthine oxidase by various aldehydes has been investigated. For each aldehyde, the inactivation reaction gives rise to a unique molybdenum(V) electron paramagnetic resonance signal from xanthine oxidase (the Inhibited signal). Of the aldehydes tested, only a few (mainly aromatic) failed to undergo this reaction. The g values of the Inhibited signals vary systematically from one aldehyde to another. As the substituents of the alpha carbon atom become more electron withdrawing, so the gav increases. The inactivation rate depends on both enzyme and aldehyde concentration. Oxygen or another oxidizing substrate is also required for inhibition by 3 pyridinecarboxaldehyde and butyraldehyde but not formaldehyde. Reactivation of xanthine oxidase inhibited by an aldehyde occurs spontaneously after removal of excess aldehyde. For butyraldehyde or 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, greater than 95% recovery of activity was observed. The rate of reactivation is dependent both on the nature of the molecule bearing the aldehyde group and on a pK (6.6) of the complex with the enzyme. Evidence is presented that the modifying aldehyde in the Inhibited signal-giving species has (contrary to earlier assumptions) not been oxidized. These results are discussed in relation to the structure of the molybdenum center, and a mechanism for the inhibiting reaction is suggested. PMID- 6546883 TI - Effect of fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor on the synthesis of surfactant phospholipids in type II cells from fetal rat lung. AB - The effect of fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor on the formation of surfactant associated phospholipids was studied in fetal rat lung type II cells in primary culture. Exposure of the cells to fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor enhanced the incorporation of radioactively labelled choline, glycerol and palmitate into total and saturated phosphatidylcholine. Fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor also stimulated the formation of phosphatidylglycerol from labelled glycerol and palmitate but did not significantly affect the synthesis of the other phospholipids. This indicates that fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor specifically stimulates the production of surfactant lipids in fetal lung. PMID- 6546884 TI - Reutilization of phosphatidylcholine analogues by the pulmonary surfactant system. The lack of specificity. AB - Five specific 14C-labelled analogues of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine, (L-alpha-DPPC) including 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, (L-alpha-lysoPC) and 2,3-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-1-phosphocholine (the D isomer of DPPC) were individually mixed with L-alpha-[3H]DPPC and unlabelled natural surfactant isolated from 3-day-old rabbits. The mixtures were injected intratracheally into 3-day-old rabbits which were then killed at preset times up to 72 h after injection. Phosphatidylcholine was isolated from the alveolar wash and from lamellar body fraction from each rabbit and was analyzed for the ratio of 3H-to-14C counts/min. These ratios were plotted against the time the rabbits were killed to determine whether a difference existed in the rates of reutilization of the analogues relative to L-alpha-DPPC. By 60 h L-alpha-lysoPC was reutilized at 42% of the efficiency of the L-alpha-[3H]DPPC with which it was injected. That part of the L-alpha-lyso which was reutilized had been converted to [14C]phosphatidylcholine. Each of the other four analogues was reutilized by the surfactant system as efficiently as L-alpha-DPPC. These results are most consistent with a process of bulk uptake of surfactant from the alveolar space by the Type II cell with subsequent processing for resecretion which involves minimal specificity for molecular structure. PMID- 6546885 TI - Inhibition of calcium sequestration activity of liver microsomes by 4 hydroxyalkenals originating from the peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids. AB - Aldehydes released during peroxidation of liver microsomal lipids and identified as 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-hydroxynonenal being quantitatively the most significant) strongly inhibited the calcium sequestration activity of liver microsomes. The ID50 for 4-hydroxynonenal was 42 microM. The inhibition appeared to be correlated with the amount of the aldehyde bound to the microsomal protein. In rats intoxicated with BrCCl3 significant amounts of protein-bound aldehydes were formed at only 5 min after poisoning, a time at which the calcium sequestring capacity is markedly inhibited. PMID- 6546886 TI - RT88, and IBM personal computer based multitasking system for hemodynamic data acquisition. PMID- 6546887 TI - Water permeability through biological membranes by isotopic effects of fluorescence and light scattering. AB - A light-scattering technique used to measure the water permeability across closed biomembranes is described, which is based on the different indices of refraction of D2O and H2O. This transient technique is compared with a similar method using D2O-sensitive fluorophores in the intravesicular space. The results of both techniques are equivalent although the signal-to-noise ratio favors the light scattering or turbidity experiment. The light-scattering method is only applicable to larger particles (no point-scatterers) and is easily extended to biological objects. Data on the H2O/D2O exchange across membranes of ghosts from human erythrocytes suggest two mechanisms: the D2O and H2O permeation through the membrane and a slower D2O-induced conformational change of membraneous proteins. PMID- 6546888 TI - Kinetics of the main phase transition of hydrated lecithin monitored by real-time X-ray diffraction. AB - A method is described for observing and recording in real-time x-ray diffraction from an unoriented hydrated membrane lipid, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), through its thermotropic gel/liquid crystal phase transition. Synchrotron radiation from the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (Ithaca, New York) was used as an x-ray source of extremely high brilliance and the dynamic display of the diffraction image was effected using a three-stage image intensifier tube coupled to an external fluorescent screen. The image on the output phosphor was sufficiently intense to be recorded cinematographically and to be displayed on a television monitor using a vidicon camera at 30 frames X s1. These measurements set an upper limit of 2 s on the DPPC gel----liquid crystal phase transition and indicate that the transition is a two-state process. The real-time method couples the power of x-ray diffraction as a structural probe with the ability to follow kinetics of structural changes. The method does not require an exogenous probe, is relatively nonperturbing, and can be used with membranes in a variety of physical states and with unstable samples. The method has the additional advantage over its static measurement counterpart in that it is more likely to detect transiently stable intermediates if present. PMID- 6546889 TI - Effect of lanthanum ions on the phase transitions of lecithin bilayers. AB - Interaction of lanthanum ions (La3+) with 1,2 dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine (DPPC) causes an increase in Tc, the temperature of maximal excess heat capacity, and the width of the gel-to-liquid crystalline transition. At a mole ratio of La3+ to DPPC sufficient to remove the hydrocarbon chain tilt angle of DPPC, the changes in the thermodynamic parameters of the pretransition are minor, Tc and the width were unaltered and the enthalpy was reduced by only 10%. This suggests that the change in tilt angle is not a necessary concomitant of the pretransition. PMID- 6546890 TI - An effective therapy for both undifferentiated (including Burkitt's) lymphomas and lymphoblastic lymphomas in children and young adults. AB - We have used a single intensive chemotherapy regimen in the treatment of young patients with diffuse, aggressive, malignant lymphomas. There were two major histologic types of lymphoma in our series: lymphoblastic lymphomas, which presented most often with mediastinal tumor (64%), and undifferentiated lymphomas (mostly Burkitt's lymphomas), which occurred predominantly in the abdomen (86%). Our objective was to examine the determinants of prognosis in a uniformly treated patient group that included 31 children (2-16 yr) and 34 young adults 17-35 yr). Patients with extensive bone marrow involvement (greater than 50% replacement by tumor cells) were included in the study. Treatment consisted essentially of a 4 drug combination (cytoxan, adriamycin, vincristine, and prednisone) alternating with a 42-hr methotrexate infusion, followed by leukovorin rescue, and included intrathecal prophylactic therapy against central nervous system (CNS) disease. Patients with localized or resected undifferentiated lymphoma received 6 therapy cycles; all other patients received 15 cycles. Radiation therapy was used only in exceptional circumstances. Fifty-eight of 65 patients (89%) achieved complete remission: 97% of children and 82% of adults. The estimated 3-yr survival was 60% (SE 6.4%) with a median follow-up of 3 yr. Analysis of factors associated with remission duration and survival indicated that bone marrow involvement at referral and extensive disease were poor prognostic variables. Patients with lymphoblastic lymphomas and patients with completely resected undifferentiated lymphomas had the best prognosis (81% +/- 12% and 94% +/- 6% estimated 3-yr survival, respectively). Patients with extensive intraabdominal undifferentiated lymphoma (stage D) had the worst prognosis (33% +/- 11% estimated 3 yr survival), but even in this subgroup, bone marrow involvement was an adverse factor (estimated survival in stage D patients with and without bone marrow involvement was 14% +/- 13% and 43% +/- 15%, respectively). Elevated uric acid and/or lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were also of prognostic significance, but predominantly reflected state, i.e., extent of disease. Age did not significantly influence prognosis. In the undifferentiated lymphoma subgroup, histology (i.e., Burkitt's lymphoma versus non-Burkitt's lymphoma) was not of prognostic significance. Total white count was below 1,000/cu mm in 39% of cycles, and fever associated with granulocytopenia occurred in 17% of cycles. Stomatitis of moderate to severe extent occurred in 50% of cycles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6546891 TI - Testing a theory of brain function by computer methods. III. Detecting cerebral asymmetry in normal adults. AB - Pursuing a plan for overall testing of the timing and sequencing of brain processes, testing techniques are introduced for probing a normal adult's short term central processes, especially those which are employed in reading a digit span of 6 numbers or less. The tests are administered by means of a personal computer and can provide information on the individual subject's characteristic sequencing and timing of particular central processes. In a subject whose first language is read from left to right, the presented tests reported in this paper reveal an asymmetry in normal adults wherein digits presented in the left visual field are processed more efficiently than those presented in the right visual field. It is suggested that the right hemisphere 'holds the image' while the left hemisphere 'transforms' the spatial image into a temporal sequence for use in speech. The 'right-positioned' or 'later' components must be held at least until a successful spoken response is completed. PMID- 6546892 TI - Relationship between cell surface asparagine-linked glycoproteins and myoblast differentiation. Analysis of wheat germ agglutinin-resistant mutants. AB - Alterations in the oligosaccharides of complex surface glycoproteins have been studied in wild-type rat skeletal myoblasts (L6-9/1) and two wheat germ agglutinin resistant mutants, selected for either high level of resistance (WGARI) or low level of resistance (WGARII). All three lines possessed high mannose oligosaccharides of the structure Man(n)GlcNAc, where n = 6, 7, or 8. L6 9/1 had complex oligosaccharides of the type (+/- NeuNAc alpha 2-3Gal beta GlcNAc beta)n-Man3GlcNAc(+/- Fuc)GlcNAc where n = 3 or 4, in addition to small amounts of biantennary and higher order structures. WGARII, the mutant with low resistance to wheat germ agglutinin, possessed similar complex oligosaccharides except that they had undergone some base-sensitive modification which rendered them resistant to Clostridium perfringens sialidase. WGARI, mutant of high resistance to wheat germ agglutinin, possessed complex oligosaccharides of the type (GlcNAc beta)nMan3GlcNAc(+/- Fuc)GlcNAc, with n = 2, 3, or 4. Since the WGARI mutants were unaltered in differentiation, it is concluded that the terminal sialic acid and galactose residues on the protein-bound oligosaccharides are not required for differentiation. PMID- 6546893 TI - Release of prostaglandins by the mesenteric artery of the renovascular and spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto PGF1 alpha), the stable metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2), by the perfused mesenteric arteries of renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) have been measured. Unstimulated mesenteric arteries from two-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats (2K-1C) released 1.6 times as much PGE2 and 2.7 times as much 6-keto-PGF1 alpha as those of control rats. The release of PGE2 by mesenteric arteries from one-kidney one-clip hypertensive rats (1K-1C) was not significantly different from that of uninephrectomized normotensive rats, but the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was 3.5 times higher in the former than in the latter. Norepinephrine (NE) induced a dose-related increase in perfusion pressure, in PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release in all four groups. However, its effect on the release of PGE2 was more pronounced in 2K-1C than in sham-operated rats. There was no difference between 1K-1C and the uninephrectomized group. The effect of NE on the release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was significantly higher for both renal hypertensive groups. These results indicate that the release of PGE2 is more dependent on the loss of renal mass than on hypertension, while the reverse applies to the release of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha. Unstimulated mesenteric arteries from SHR released less PGE2 and less 6-keto-PGF1 alpha than those of Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY), but the release was not significantly different from Wistar rats. Under NE stimulation, WKY mesenteric arteries showed almost no increase in release of PGs. Compared with those of Wistar rats, SHR mesenteric arteries showed a greater pressor response to NE, a lower PGE2 release, and the same release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. These findings reveal the difficulty of selecting an appropriate control group in studies involving SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6546894 TI - AIDS and hepatitis B cannot be venereal diseases. PMID- 6546895 TI - The early development of transient and permanent hypothyroidism following radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroid Graves' disease. AB - The outcome in 110 patients first treated with radioiodine (mean dose 6.56 mCi) for hyperthyroid Graves' disease in 1980 was reviewed. In 23% of the patients the disease had not been controlled by the initial dose after 3 months, and 17% were given one or two more doses. Within 2 years 65% of the patients required replacement thyroxine therapy. Although about half of the patients were biochemically hypothyroid 3 months after the last dose of iodine 131, this condition was transient in a third of them; five of these patients even became hyperthyroid again. Patients with transient, as opposed to permanent, hypothyroidism at 3 months tended to be clinically euthyroid but to have residual palpable thyroid tissue and only a modest reduction in the serum thyroxine level. It is therefore recommended that patients not overtly hypothyroid 3 months after treatment with 131I be observed still longer before thyroxine replacement therapy is instituted. PMID- 6546896 TI - Thirty-five cases of transient hyperthyroidism. AB - Over a 7-year period transient hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 35 patients seen in a consulting practice in a community hospital. The patients were followed up for an average of 15 months. Initially all of them had biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism but a very low 24-hour uptake of radioiodine. The hyperthyroid phase was short, and there were no relapses. Seventeen patients subsequently became hypothyroid; this phase, too, was almost always transient. The clinical course of the disease in the 11 women who became hyperthyroid within 6 months after giving birth was similar to that experienced by the other patients, but of the 11 who had increased titres of antimicrosomal antibodies a significantly greater proportion (73%) showed at least transient evidence of hypothyroidism; 1 patient remained frankly hypothyroid for a year. Transient hyperthyroidism can be distinguished from Graves' disease only if the uptake of radioiodine is measured. It is important to make this distinction, as transient hyperthyroidism can be managed safely and symptomatically with beta-blockers alone. The propensity of this disease for the postpartum period and the high proportion of patients with antithyroid antibodies suggest an autoimmune cause. PMID- 6546897 TI - Anticancer activity of the structurally novel antibiotic Cl-920 and its analogues. AB - Cl-920 is a structurally novel phosphate ester antibiotic that contains an unsaturated lactone and a conjugated triene system. It has potent antileukemic activity in mice. At doses of 25 mg/kg given i.p. once daily for 5 days to mice bearing approximately 10(7) L1210 leukemia cells, Cl-920 is curative in about 10% of the mice. Life span increases in noncured mice are typically in excess of 150%. The unsaturated lactone and phosphate ester moieties are required for activity against L1210 leukemia. Ring hydroxylation or removal of the terminal hydroxyl group have only modest effects on activity. Schedule studies suggest that prolonged exposure to low levels of Cl-920 is considerably more toxic than is daily or intermittent administration. Daily administration produces optimal activity against L1210 leukemia. Administration i.p. and i.v. of Cl-920 produce roughly equal toxicity and equal activity against an i.p. implant of L1210 leukemia. Cl-920 is inactive when given p.o. or s.c. Cl-920 failed to show confirmed activity against the following tumors in mice: M5076 sarcoma, B16 melanoma, and Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma. The lack of solid tumor activity in mice may be caused by a transport deficiency similar to that found with methotrexate. PMID- 6546898 TI - Metabolism of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide by rat liver microsomes. AB - 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) is metabolized by a hepatic microsomal enzyme system composed of rat liver microsomes, a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system, cytosolic protein (or glutathione), and oxygen. Omission of any one of the components, or incubation under an atmosphere of CO or N2, results in inhibition of the reaction. Also, the addition of inhibitors of microsomal metabolism (alpha naphthoflavone, metyrapone, or SKF 525-A) decreases m-AMSA metabolism. Metabolism of m-AMSA is more rapid with microsomes prepared from rats pretreated with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. Two microsomal oxidation products of m AMSA were isolated and identified as N1'-methanesulfonyl-N4'-(9-acridinyl)-3' methoxy-2',5'-cyclohex adiene-1', 4'-dimine (m-AQDI) and 3'-methoxy-4'-(9 acridinylamino-2',5'-cyclohexadien-1'-one (m-AQI). m-AQDI reacts with glutathione to form a product previously identified in in vivo studies as the principal rat biliary metabolite and which is not cytotoxic to cultured L1210 cells. Thus, the end result of the microsomal metabolism of m-AMSA is detoxification. However, the two primary oxidation products (m-AQDI and m-AQI) are considerably more cytotoxic to L1210 cells in vitro than is m-AMSA. The concentration of m-AMSA required to produce a 5-log kill is 1.0 microgram/ml compared to 0.01 microgram/ml for m-AQDI and m-AQI. These results indicate that m-AMSA might undergo bioactivation to form the active cytotoxic species of the drug. PMID- 6546899 TI - Relationship between the induction of chromosome damage and cytotoxicity for amsacrine and congeners. AB - The antitumor drug amsacrine causes chromosomal aberrations both in cultured cells (L1210 murine leukemia and HeLa cells) and in vivo (L1210 leukemia). The proportions of different types of aberrations, mainly chromatid gaps, chromatid exchanges, and acentric chromosome fragments, are similar in both the in vivo and in vitro experiments. A small proportion of cells, particularly after drug exposure for 24 hours, show extensively damaged or pulverized chromosomes. In in vitro experiments using HeLa cells and amsacrine together with two analogs of amsacrine with differing cytotoxic activity, an inverse relationship between the frequency of chromosomal aberrations and cell survival has been demonstrated. The results are consistent with the proposal that for this class of drugs, the induction of chromosomal aberrations, both in vivo and in vitro, leads to cell death. PMID- 6546900 TI - Serotonin and sperm motility. PMID- 6546901 TI - Temperature-dependent permeability of large unilamellar liposomes. AB - The temperature-dependent drug leakage from liposomes composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (4:1, by weight) was studied. Experiments were performed in Hepes buffer and 50% fetal calf serum. Large unilamellar liposomes were formed by the reverse phase evaporation process and extruded through a series of polycarbonate membranes with pore sizes of 0.4, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.08 micron. The release of the water soluble radioisotopes cytosine 1-beta-D-[3H]arabinofuranoside and [3H]inulin from the aqueous compartment of these liposomes was measured as a function of time and temperature. Both radioisotopes were released at temperatures near 42 degrees C, the solid-to-liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature of these lipids. The percent drug release decreased as the size of the liposomes was reduced. This effect was more pronounced in Hepes buffer than serum. The release of both radioisotopes was greatest at 40 degrees C in Hepes buffer and at 43 degrees C in 50% fetal calf serum. In addition, the rate of drug release was much faster in serum than in buffer. These results suggest that different drug release processes are occurring in buffer and in serum. PMID- 6546902 TI - Effects of the selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor dazoxiben on variations in cyclic blood flow in stenosed canine coronary arteries. AB - Recent studies suggest that platelet activation and subsequent thromboxane (TX) A2 release play important roles in certain coronary syndromes. To further test this possibility, we examined the ability of a selective TXA2-synthetase inhibitor, dazoxiben (UK-37-248), to abolish cyclic flow reductions (CFRs) that occur in experimentally stenosed canine coronary arteries. CFRs, which are characterized by progressive declines in coronary blood flow and interrupted by sudden and usually spontaneous restorations of flow, were produced by placing hard plastic cylindrical constrictors (5 mm long X 4.5 mm outer diameter) on the proximal left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. Coronary blood flow was measured with pulsed Doppler flow probes placed proximal to the constrictors and regional myocardial blood flow with 15 micron radiolabeled microspheres. CFRs were observed for 1 hr, during which coronary blood flow was monitored continuously. Regional myocardial blood flow was measured before constriction, when coronary blood flow appeared to be at its nadir, and after spontaneous restorations of flow. After 1 hr dazoxiben (2.5 mg/kg iv) or an equal volume of saline was given and coronary blood flow was monitored for another hour. Dazoxiben abolished CFRs completely in 18 of 28 dogs and significantly reduced their frequency in the dogs receiving the drug (10.1 +/ 0.8 vs 3.2 +/- 1.0 per hour [+/- SE]; p less than .001, n = 28). The frequency and magnitude of variations in cyclic blood flow were unchanged after saline (8.8 +/- 0.8 vs 9.0 +/- 1.0 per hour; p = NS, n = 13). The lowest levels of coronary blood flow before and after dazoxiben were 8.6 +/- 2.2% and 48.8 +/- 5.4% of control, respectively (p less than .001, n = 28), whereas this parameter remained unchanged after saline (18.7 +/- 5.7% vs 13.4 +/- 4.1%, respectively; n = 13). The levels of TXB2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha (stable breakdown products of TXA2 and prostacyclin, respectively) were measured in blood collected from aortic and distal coronary arterial catheters before coronary constriction (control), during CFRs, and after administration of dazoxiben. TXB2 levels measured distal to the stenosis were increased fivefold during CFRs (352 +/- 126 vs 71 +/- 18 pg/ml plasma; p less than .03) and were reduced to preconstriction (control) levels by dazoxiben (57 +/- 12 pg/ml). Aortic TXB2 levels almost doubled with CFRs and also returned to control levels after dazoxiben.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6546903 TI - Removal of a component interfering with phosphatidylglycerol estimation in the "Helena" system for amniotic fluid phospholipids. AB - A simple " prechromatography " step removes a component of amniotic fluid ("pseudo PG") that otherwise co-chromatographs with phosphatidylglycerol in the system for amniotic fluid analysis developed by Touchstone et al. (Lipids 15: 61 62, 1980) and incorporated into the Helena "Fetal-Tek" kit. The final positions of the major phospholipids are practically unchanged but the faster migrating, more neutral components are swept into a tight band near the solvent front, providing improved general resolution. The resulting change in the ratio of "phosphatidylglycerol" to sphingomyelin ("PG"/S) is as much as 0.5 for some specimens, but no change is seen for others. In 20% of the 73 cases examined, including four of the six fluids associated with respiratory distress syndrome, the PG initially reported was found to be "pseudo PG" and was completely removed by the prechromatography step. This step produces a negligible decrease in the lecithin to sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio in amniotic fluid. PMID- 6546904 TI - Lymphomatoid papulosis progressing to immunoblastic lymphoma. PMID- 6546905 TI - Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of infant lung immaturity. PMID- 6546906 TI - Using the desk top computer in cellular toxicity and mutagenesis. AB - A series of programs applicable to in vitro test symptoms in environmental toxicology are described for the Tektronix 4050 series graphic system computer. The file structure, experimental design and identification, the program library, data entry program, and programs to compile data from separate experiments are presented. Experimental design information and test data are stored on magnetic tape. The programs are designed to compute cell number and viability, adenosine triphosphate level, and protein and DNA synthetic activity from raw data obtained from cellular toxicity experiments; and cloning efficiency, mutation yield, mutation frequency, and other parameters for mutagenicity. A set of subprograms can be used for statistical analysis of the data and for construction of frequency distributions. The applicability of the programs is illustrated by data obtained from exposure of Chinese hamster ovary cells to cadmium chloride or N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine. PMID- 6546907 TI - PHARM--an interactive graphic program for individual and population pharmacokinetic parameter estimation. AB - This paper describes a new computer program PHARM to estimate individual or population pharmacokinetic parameters in nonlinear models. PHARM is an interactive program which uses graphic facilities to display data and results. The structural model can be defined using differential or integrated equations. The user can also define an error model associated with experimental data. The nonlinear mixed effect model is used to estimate the mean population parameters and their interindividual variability. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian criteria are used to estimate simultaneously the error and structural model parameters. PMID- 6546908 TI - BIOBELL--a simulation system for biochemistry and biophysics. AB - The BIOBELL simulation system is designed to simulate biochemical kinetics and nuclear magnetic resonance phenomena. The system uses portable software from the PORT Library and GASP system. The user language is illustrated. The implementation of the portable compiler - compiler and portable stiff ordinary differential equation solver are discussed. Guidelines for similar projects are given. PMID- 6546909 TI - Analysis of an optical mapping technique for lung function studies. AB - An optical technique for lung function measurement studies is described and analysed. Procedures which permit the reconstruction of three dimensional data concerning the thoraco-abdominal wall are developed and methods for calculating volumes, surface areas and cross-sections are outlined. PMID- 6546910 TI - Pulmonary function testing: custom programs for manual equipment. AB - Pulmonary Function Laboratories with manual equipment can expedite calculations and make them more accurate by using a programmable calculator that will compute functions and predictive equations. However, a custom-made set of programs is better than calculator libraries available from the manufacturer. With custom made programs, calculations remain as the staff is used to receiving them, programs can be stored in the memory and called independently and only those tests used routinely need to be available. PMID- 6546911 TI - Fourier analysis of biological signals with a programmable calculator. AB - A Fourier analysis program written for the Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator is presented. The program determines the Fourier coefficients of any time varying periodic signal. PMID- 6546912 TI - Early treatment of renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6546913 TI - [Injuries of the posterior end of the medial meniscus and the posterior oblique ligament. Classification and therapy]. AB - Meniscectomy undoubtedly leads to arthrotic degeneration in the knee joint. This can be proven by X-ray technique. It is especially the resection of the medial meniscus which increases the anteromedial instability of the knee joint. It is important therefore to preserve a meniscus whenever this is possible. The resection or partial resection of a medial meniscus showing a lesion in loco classico is still indicated. If, however, a meniscus is only marginally detached from its fixation to the lig. collaterale mediale posterior a carefully carried out reinsertion of the medial meniscus has proven to be appropriate. It is on one hand the vascular supply of the base of the meniscus which indicates a reinsertion, on the other hand an anteromedial instability of the knee joint can be compensated by a reinsertion. PMID- 6546914 TI - [Postoperative course and tactics of aftercare in hyperthyroidism]. AB - In a follow-up study of 112 patients who had subtotal thyroidectomy because of Graves' disease and nodular goitre with hyperthyroidism, 81% were euthyroid, 10,7% developed hypothyroidism and 8% had persistent or recurrent hyperthyroidism. 12,5% of the euthyroid patients had goitre; 10 of these patients had cold thyroid nodules. The assessment of the dignity of the cold nodules and guidelines for the therapeutic procedure are stressed. The importance of considering clinical findings on one hand and thyroid function tests on the other hand in the choice of effective treatment - prophylaxis against euthyroid goitre, substitution with hormones, iodine-131 therapy, antithyroid drugs or reoperation is outlined. PMID- 6546915 TI - In vitro adsorption of bile salts and aspirin to sucralfate. AB - Sucralfate, an aluminum salt of sulfated sucrose, is a new drug designed for the treatment of peptic ulcer. Sucralfate has been reported to be useful in a variety of situations including prevention of aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage. We investigated the in vitro adsorption of bile salts or aspirin to sucralfate in environments simulating the stomach (pH 1.5), small intestine (pH 7), and colon (pH 7.8). Bile salts were incubated with sucralfate, and the quantity of bile salt adsorbed was calculated by subtraction from the amount remaining in solution after centrifugation at 12,500g for 30 min. Adsorption experiments were performed in bile salt solutions at pH 1.5 and 7.0 with 0-10 g/dl sucralfate using glycocholate, glycochenodeoxycholate, taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate, or taurochenodeoxycholate. The dihydroxy-unconjugated bile salts, deoxycholic, and chenodeoxycholic salts were tested at pH 7.8. Binding capacity (micromoles per gram sucralfate) was calculated from the linear regression of micromoles bound vs grams sucralfate incubated. Sucralfate adsorbed all bile salts tested (except taurocholic acid at pH 1.5) but was less effective than cholestyramine. Sucralfate does not adsorb sufficient bile salts at neutral pH to cause bile salt depletion. Aspirin was minimally adsorbed by sucralfate [7.5 mumol (1.4 mg)/g sucralfate, pH 1.5], and thus adsorption of aspirin does not explain the protective effect of sucralfate against aspirin injury. PMID- 6546916 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D on duodenal calcium absorption. AB - Intestinal active and passive transport of calcium were studied in hypophysectomized (HX) and intact rats using the in vivo duodenal loop technique. In the vitamin D-supplemented condition, hypophysectomy resulted in a decrease in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D]. Hypophysectomy prevented a gain in body weight and decreased intestinal mucosal weight and total calcium absorption. When the data were expressed per unit mucosal wet weight, duodenal active calcium transport was not different in the HX and intact groups, but passive transport was persistently decreased by hypophysectomy. Administration of bovine GH to the HX rats did not change the mucosal mass, but enhanced both active and passive duodenal transport to calcium. Vitamin D depletion for 6 weeks decreased serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-(OH)2D levels in both intact and HX rats to about the same level. After bovine GH and 1,25-(OH)2D3 replacement, the calcium absorption studies suggest that 1) 1,25-(OH)2D3 enhances intestinal calcium passive transport as well as active transport in intact and HX rats; 2) GH enhances both active and passive transport of calcium in the presence of sufficient quantities of 1,25-(OH)2D; 3) this latter effect is independent of the metabolism of vitamin D; and 4) a decrease in mucosal mass is one of the factors that results in decreased calcium absorption after hypophysectomy. PMID- 6546917 TI - Cloning of DNA complementary to rat liver fatty acid synthetase mRNA. AB - Clones, containing DNA complementary (cDNA) to rat liver fatty acid synthetase mRNA, were constructed and identified. cDNA of these clones was then used as a probe to quantify mRNA. The cDNA was synthesized to partially purified rat liver fatty acid synthetase mRNA. Double-stranded cDNA was then prepared and inserted into the PstI site of pBR322 using oligo(dG) X oligo(dC) tailing. Initial selection of the clones was by differential colony hybridization employing [32P]cDNA synthesized from poly(A)-rich mRNA, enriched and non-enriched in fatty acid synthetase mRNA, as probes. Plasmids, containing specific sequences complementary to the fatty acid synthetase mRNA, were identified by hybrid-arrest translation. Cloned cDNA inserts ranged from 300 to 1400 base pairs. Cloned cDNA was employed to probe for mRNA in hybridizations via the dot-blot method. These studies demonstrated an increase in fatty acid synthetase mRNA during dietary induction, which suggests that regulation may involve changes in transcription or changes in post-transcriptional processing of the mRNA. PMID- 6546918 TI - Hypocalcaemic seizures following gastrectomy. L. S. Taitz et al., Eur J Pediatr (1983) 141:36-38. PMID- 6546919 TI - The fate of drotaverine-acephyllinate in rat and man. II. Human pharmacokinetics of drotaverine-14C-acephyllinate. AB - Pharmacokinetics of Drotaverine-Acephyllinate, Chinoin was investigated in seven male volunteers using 14C labelled drug. Drotaverine-Acephyllinate was administered at a 100 mg single oral dose. Measurements of total radioactivity showed that the drug was absorbed completely and was eliminated by renal and biliary routes. Within 72 hours 39.9 +/- 9.9% and 47.1 +/- 4.9% of the dose were recovered in the urine and faeces respectively. Experimental results were interpreted on the basis of a complex linear compartment model. The structural identifiability of the model was proved by computer analysis, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. PMID- 6546920 TI - CHO cell aggregation induced by fibronectin-coated beads. Differences between wild-type and adhesion-variant cells. AB - ADvF11 (F11), a Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell variant, is defective in its ability to adhere to fibronectin (Fn)-coated substrata but will adhere to substrata coated with poly-L-lysine, conA or extracellular matrix (ECM) [1]. We have observed that both F11 and CHO wild-type (WT) cells were able to bind 3H-Fn beads in a similar manner; however, only WT cells and not F11 cells aggregate in the presence of Fn beads. Both cell types aggregated similarly in the presence of lectins. Fn-bead-mediated aggregation was blocked by low temperature and aggregation did not occur when formaldehyde-fixed WT cells were used. Colchicine, tetracaine and cytochalasin B were not effective in blocking aggregation induced by Fn beads. These results suggest that: 1. Both WT and F11 cells have surface membrane-binding sites for Fn. 2. The aggregation defect in F11 cells is distal to the initial interaction between the cell surface and Fn, but proximal to the cytoskeletal rearrangements required for cell adhesion. PMID- 6546921 TI - The natural variations in prostaglandin concentration in human seminal fluid and its relation to sperm quality. AB - Prostaglandins E, F, 19-hydroxy E, and 19-hydroxy F (PGE, PGF, 19-OH-PGE, and 19 OH-PGF) in human semen were determined by a new chemical method. The method allows liquefaction to occur, a prerequisite for simultaneous estimation of PG concentration and sperm characteristics in the same ejaculate. The present study showed also that the variation in PG concentration between different individuals was more pronounced than in repeated ejaculates from the same individual. Sperm density and sperm motility seemed related to PG concentration. A high density was associated with a low PG concentration. The concentration of 19-OH-PGE was higher and that of 19-OH-PGF lower in ejaculates with a normal sperm motility than in those with an abnormal motility. It seems that functional requisites of sperm depend upon optimal seminal PG concentration. PMID- 6546922 TI - Glucagon-related peptides in the human gastrointestinal mucosa. AB - We studied the chromatographic profile and the distribution of glucagon-related peptides in the human gastrointestinal mucosa, using radioimmunoassays directed against the glucagon 6-15 and 19-29 sequences, and against the glicentin sequences 15-30 and 61-69, and a radioreceptor assay for glucagon. Very small amounts of glucagon-related peptides were found in the gastric mucosa, whereas at least four different components could be identified in the distal intestine. One component (mean concentration 130 pmol/g ileal mucosa) is similar to porcine glicentin for size and C-terminal extension, but differs from the glucagon part of the molecule in the N-terminal extension. A second component (mean concentration 131 pmol/g) is probably identical to porcine peak II enteroglucagon (glicentin 33-69), and a third component (7.9 pmol/g) seems to be identical with glucagon. A fourth component containing the glucagon sequence plus an N-terminal extension was also identified (1.7 pmol/g). Thus the human intestinal mucosa contains large amounts of peptides containing the glucagon sequence; at least one of these probably also possesses glucagon-like bioactivity. The proposed structures of the four components are consistent with the base sequence of the first half of the human glucagon gene. PMID- 6546923 TI - [Physicochemical and biological properties of hemoglobin modified with synthetic polymers]. PMID- 6546924 TI - Characterization of immature sinus histiocytes (monocytoid cells) in reactive lymph nodes by use of monoclonal antibodies. AB - The distinctive mononuclear cells that appear in the cortical sinuses of lymph nodes in toxoplasma lymphadenitis and other conditions have been termed "immature sinus histiocytes," although these cells have neither enzyme histochemical nor ultrastructural features of histiocytes. The authors stained these cells in frozen sections of six reactive lymph nodes, using the immunoperoxidase technique, with monoclonal antibodies to T cell, B cell, and monocyte antigens and with heteroantisera to immunoglobulin and lysozyme. The immature sinus histiocytes stained with a monoclonal antibody to B cells (anti-B1) and had immunoglobulin of the IgG class. They did not react with monoclonal antibodies to T cells or monocytes or with antilysozyme. In contrast, medullary sinus histiocytes in three additional lymph nodes were B1-negative and reacted with anti-T4, anti-M1, and anti-lysozyme. These results indicate that immature sinus histiocytes are IgG-bearing B lymphocytes rather than histiocytes. Their role in the immune response remains enigmatic. PMID- 6546925 TI - An algorithm for sequential signal estimation and system identification for EMG signals. PMID- 6546926 TI - Analysis of smooth muscle constants by pole-zero method. PMID- 6546927 TI - Chemotactic and candidacidal responses of rabbit alveolar macrophages during postnatal development and the modulating roles of surfactant in these responses. AB - Chemotactic responses of alveolar macrophages from 1-, 7-, and 28-day-old rabbits to various concentrations of endotoxin-activated serum and n-formyl-methionyl phenylalanine were tested utilizing both blind well and agarose plate assay systems. A dramatic increase in both the chemotactic response and responsiveness to various concentrations of chemoattractant was observed during postnatal maturation. The pattern of result was similar with both methods of assay. An age related increase was also found to occur in the candidacidal activity of alveolar macrophages in contrast to their phagocytic uptake, which showed no age-related increases. Furthermore, the decreased function of macrophages from newborn animals correlated with a morphologically and biochemically less mature cell population which contained large amounts of phagocytosed surfactant-related material. Moreover, pretreatment of macrophages from 7- and 28-day-old animals with vesicles of surfactant-related material resulted in decreases in both chemotactic and candidacidal activity, with a paradoxical increase in their phagocytic activity. The resulting activities were similar to those of macrophages from 1-day-old animals treated with buffer alone. These data suggest that there is an age-related increase in the chemotactic and candidacidal activity of alveolar macrophages during maturation and that the decreased activity of macrophages from newborn animals is related in part to the large amount of surfactant-related material present at that time. PMID- 6546928 TI - Preparation of supported planar lipid membranes containing transmembrane proteins. AB - A new method has been developed for preparation of supported planar lipid membranes containing transmembrane proteins. Phosphatidylcholine and glycophorin A were deposited on the surface of alkylated glass coverslips by dialysis. The planar lipid membranes prepared in this manner were examined for the binding of wheat germ agglutinin agarose. The binding of the agarose to these membranes is dependent on the membrane fluidity. The advantages of this technique are: (1) a supported planar membrane can be more readily prepared, and (2) less amounts of membrane proteins are needed for reconstitution. PMID- 6546929 TI - The pterin component of the molybdenum cofactor. Structural characterization of two fluorescent derivatives. AB - Two stable fluorescent derivatives of molybdopterin have been structurally characterized. Form A is an oxidized pterin with a 6-alkyl substituent. Results of chemical, mass spectral, and NMR studies are consistent with the side chain formulation -C identical to C--CH-OHCH2OPO2-3. Similar studies on the Form B derivative indicate that it is the phosphorylated analog of urothione but lacks the 3-methylthio function. Form B (dephospho) can be synthesized from urothione by desulfuration with Raney nickel and oxidation with SeO2. Chicken liver sulfite oxidase (sulfite:ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase, EC 1.8.2.1) contains one phosphate residue (as molybdopterin) per subunit. The phosphate is noncovalently bound but is not released by trichloroacetic acid at 4 degrees C. The yield of Form A and Form B from sulfite oxidase is 0.50 and 0.27/subunit, respectively. The phosphate ester bond in isolated molybdopterin (Form B) is partially hydrolyzed by 1 N HCl at 100 degrees C (33% in 1 h). The release of inorganic phosphate from sulfite oxidase was more rapid (35% in 10 min) due to the presence of molybdate in the denatured enzyme mixture but slower than expected from a high energy phosphate bond. The presence of molybdopterin in a wide variety of molybdenum- and tungsten-containing enzymes has been demonstrated. Glucose oxidase and the iron and manganese superoxide dismutases are devoid of molybdopterin. PMID- 6546930 TI - Calcium-binding properties of bovine factor X lacking the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing region. AB - In bovine protein C normal activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex requires binding of calcium to one high affinity binding site, contained in a protein fragment that lacks the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) region (Esmon, N. L., De Bault, L. E., and Esmon, C. T. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 5548-5553). In this work, the calcium binding to and the conformational change induced by calcium in the corresponding Gla-domainless fragment of bovine factor X, prepared by limited proteolysis by chymotrypsin, were compared with the calcium-binding properties of Gla-domainless protein C. Equilibrium dialysis experiments demonstrated that the proteolytically modified factor X has one high affinity calcium ion-binding site with Kd = 180 microM, a value almost identical to the Kd for the binding of calcium to proteolytically modified protein C. Measurements of the rate of disulfide bond reduction by thioredoxin showed that the disulfide bonds of both factor X and protein C lacking the Gla domains were more rapidly reduced in the absence than in the presence of calcium. Thus, calcium binding induces a conformational change in both proteolytically modified proteins. Calcium binding to Gla-domainless protein C is accompanied by a quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and by changes in the CD spectrum, indicative of perturbation of the environment of aromatic amino acids by the metal ion. However, no such changes were observed with the proteolytically modified factor X. This difference may be due to the fact that one tryptophan residue (in position 84) is present in the light chain of the proteolytically modified protein C but none in the light chain of the modified factor X. The light chain of factor X has beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in position 64 which is homologous to the beta-hydroxyaspartic acid in position 71 in the light chain of protein C. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that beta-hydroxyaspartic acid is involved in the Ca2+ ion binding. PMID- 6546931 TI - Adhesivity and rigidity of erythrocyte membrane in relation to wheat germ agglutinin binding. AB - Binding of the plant lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to erythrocyte membranes causes membrane rigidification. One of our objectives has been to directly measure the effects of WGA binding on membrane rigidity and to relate rigidification to the kinetics and levels of WGA binding. Our other objective has been to measure the strength of adhesion and mechanics of cell separation for erythrocytes bound together by WGA. The erythrocyte membrane rigidity was measured on single cells by micropipette aspiration. The slope of the suction pressure-length data for entry into the pipette provided the measure of the membrane extensional modulus. Data were collected for cells equilibrated with WGA solutions in the range of concentrations of 0.01-10 micrograms/ml. Erythrocyte erythrocyte adherence properties were studied by micropipette separation of two cell aggregates. First, a "test" cell was selected from a WGA solution by aspiration into a small micropipette, then transferred to a separate chamber that contained erythrocytes in WGA-free buffer. Here, a second cell was aspirated with another pipette and maneuvered into close proximity of the test cell surface, and adhesive contact was produced. The flaccid cell was separated from the test cell surface in steps at which the force of attachment was derived from the pipette suction pressure and cell geometry. In addition, we measured the time-dependent binding and release of fluorescently labeled WGA to single erythrocytes with a laser microfluorometry system. The results showed that the stiffening of the erythrocyte membrane and binding of fluorescently labeled WGA to the membrane surface followed the same concentration and time dependencies. The threshold concentration for membrane stiffening was at approximately 0.1 microgram/ml where the time course to reach equilibrium was close to 1 h. The maximal stiffening (almost 30-fold over the normal membrane elastic modulus) occurred in concentrations greater than 2 micrograms/ml where the time to reach equilibrium took less than 1 min. The WGA binding also altered the normal elastic membrane behavior into an inelastic, plastic-like response which indicated that mechanical extension of the membrane caused an increase in cross-linking within the surface plane. Similar to the stiffening effect, we observed that the membrane adhesivity of cells equilibrated with WGA solutions greatly increased with concentration greater than 0.1 microgram/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6546932 TI - Localization of C-protein isoforms in chicken skeletal muscle: ultrastructural detection using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) specific for the fast (MF-1) and slow (ALD-66) isoforms of C-protein from chicken skeletal muscle have been produced and characterized. Using these antibodies it was possible to demonstrate that skeletal muscles of varying fiber type express different isoforms of this protein and that in the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle both isoforms are co-expressed in the same myofiber (17, 18). Since we had shown that both isoforms were present in all sarcomeres, it was feasible to test whether the two isoforms co distributed in the same 43-nm repeat within the A-band, thereby establishing a minimum number of C-proteins per repeat in the thick filaments. Here we describe the ultrastructural localization of C-protein in myofibers from three muscle types of the chicken using these same McAbs. We observed that although C-protein was present in a 43-nm repeat along the filaments in all three muscles, there were marked differences in the absolute number and position occupied by the different isoforms. Since McAbs MF-1 and ALD-66 decorated the same 43-nm repeats in the A-bands of the posterior latissimus dorsal muscle, we suggest that at least two C-proteins can co-localize at binding sites 43 nm apart along thick filaments of this muscle. PMID- 6546933 TI - NLM-CHEMSORT: an algorithm and computer program for sorting chemical names. AB - An algorithm is described that has been designed to sort medium-size lists of chemical names, including common, generic, trivial, and systematic names and code numbers, into a logical sequence. It successfully sorted more than 99.5% of 3767 names in its first application. Minor revisions then resulted in more than 99.9% success with the same set of names. The algorithm generates an 80-character primary sort key (alphabetic characters only) and a 16-character secondary level sort key (alphanumeric characters). These sort keys are generated de novo from the name as needed and, thus, do not require increased permanent-storage costs. Sorting on the primary sort key (and secondary sort keys when identical primary keys exist) results in logical sequences of chemical names. PMID- 6546934 TI - [Surgical treatment of Basedow's disease. Study of a homogenous series of 105 cases]. AB - Basedow's disease was the indication for surgery in 105 of 3000 operations on the thyroid performed over the last 15 years. The choise of operative therapy was based on age of patient, size of thyroid, and the failure of medical treatment to provide more than partial improvement or to prevent recurrence. Pre-operative preparation must follow a strict procedure. Surgery was initially by bilateral subtotal lobectomy, soon modified to include a left total combined lobectomy with a right subtotal lobectomy (25 p. 100 of operations). Postoperative complications among the first patients treated, in 1966, included one death from an acute toxic reaction, three lesions of the recurrent nerves (only one was permanent) and four cases of hypothyroidism (three were transient). A one to 15 years follow up was possible in 80 p. 100 of the patients. Recurrence was noted in 9 cases, two of these developing after a long period (6 and 10 years respectively). These recurrences appear to be related the sex (males), age (under 40 years), weight of goitre (50 g and over), and the type of excision (bilateral subtotal as against unilateral total lobectomy). Of the 74 patients failing to develop a relapse, 80 p. 100 were normothyroidal and 20 p. 100 hypothyroidal, while 91 p. 100 were sujectively with the results of their operation. PMID- 6546935 TI - Determination of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6546936 TI - Diagnostic value of interactions between members of the family Neisseriaceae and lectins. AB - The lectin slide agglutination test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been modified and improved. Results show that wheat germ agglutinin and soybean lectin agglutinate 100% (193 of 193 tested) of clinical isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. Lectin-reactive meningococci can be readily identified by the hydrolysis of gamma glutamyl-beta-naphthylamide. Branhamella catarrhalis, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria sicca, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria perflava, and meningococcal serogroups A, B, C, X, Y, and Z do not interfere with the positive identification of N. gonorrhoeae. The frequently encountered problem of autoagglutination of members of the family Neisseriaceae may be circumvented by a short treatment of cellular suspensions with DNase. Based on agglutination assays, the enzyme treatment did not result in a loss of wheat germ agglutinin receptors from the bacteria. The lectin agglutination test, coupled with the gamma-glutamyl aminopeptidase assay, is proposed as a rapid and accurate means of identifying clinical isolates of gonococci. PMID- 6546938 TI - Programmable calculator program for linear somatic cell scores to estimate mastitis yield losses. AB - A programmable calculator program calculates loss of milk yield in dairy cows based on linear somatic cell count scores. The program displays the distribution of the herd by lactation number and linear score for present and optimal goal situations. Loss of yield is in pounds and dollars by cow and herd. The program estimates optimal milk production and numbers of fewer cows at the goal for mastitis infection. PMID- 6546937 TI - Letterer-Siwe disease in an octogenarian. AB - The case of an 81-year-old woman suffering for about 1 year from a typical form of Letterer-Siwe disease (LSD) is reported. The only important systemic involvement was hepatosplenomegaly. The patient was treated with steroids and vinblastine and then with thymopoietin pentapeptide. This last drug proved useful for decreasing the dose of steroid and thus for checking the appearance of new skin lesions. The ultrastructural investigations, carried out before and after vinblastine, showed the presence in some histiocytosis X cells (HXC) of coated Birbeck granules (BG). Immunoelectron microscopy showed about 90% of HXC to be OKT6+ and the OKT6 labeling of these cells to be similar to that of the Langerhans cells of normal skin. Five percent of OKT6+ cells apparently contained no Langerhans granules. PMID- 6546939 TI - Effect of increasing doses of phenytoin on the plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. AB - The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25 (OH)2D] concentrations were studied in a patient receiving increasing doses of phenytoin. The plasma 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were independent of the dose of phenytoin administered, as well as of the drug plasma concentrations. The plasma 25(OH)D concentrations were, on the other hand, increased by low phenytoin concentration but rapidly declined when the dose of phenytoin was increased and/or as the length of time of exposure to the drug increased. A linear relationship (R = 0.9651, P less than 0.05) was found between the plasma 25(OH)D concentrations and the dose/plasma phenytoin concentration ratio, suggesting that chronic phenytoin administration may have a dose-related effect on the circulating 25(OH)D concentrations. PMID- 6546940 TI - CHROMPAC III: an improved package for microcomputer-assisted analysis of karyotypes. AB - An improved package of BASIC computer programs designed to facilitate complete analysis of karyotypes is described. The package's many functions include facilities for measurement of chromosomes, analysis of data, pairing of homologues, designation of sex chromosomes and supernumeraries , storage and recall of data, and generation of idiograms and karyograms . PMID- 6546941 TI - Computer program for calculating recombination values from electrophoretic data. AB - A FORTRAN computer program was developed to calculate recombination values from F2 data. The input to the program is data on codominant alleles in any number of F2 families segregating for any number of loci, the limit being applied by the computer's memory capacity. For each pair of loci, regardless of the number of segregating progenies used, one recombination value is estimated by the method of maximum likelihood and reported with its standard error. In cases in which more than one family is used for the estimation, the chi-square for the homogeneity of the data also is reported. PMID- 6546942 TI - High concentrations of a novel peptide, neuropeptide Y, in the innervation of mouse and rat heart. AB - A newly discovered bioactive peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY), has been found in the innervation of the mouse and rat heart by immunocytochemistry, NPY-immuno reactive nerves were very dense around the nodal tissues. They also surrounded the coronary arteries and arterioles and were found in close association with the cardiac muscle. The distribution of NPY-containing nerves paralleled that of noradrenergic fibers, demonstrated by the use of antibodies to the catecholamine converting enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Furthermore, NPY was seen to be present in a proportion of intrinsic neurons mostly found in the atria and in close proximity to the nodal tissue. The concentrations of extractable NPY-immunoreactive material (about 150 pmol/g in whole mouse heart) by far surpasses those of the other peptides so far reported in the cardiac tissue. High performance liquid chromatography demonstrated the NPY immunoreactivity to elute in a single sharp peak, in an identical position to brain NPY. PMID- 6546943 TI - Antigenic modulation induced by monoclonal antibodies: antibodies to measles virus hemagglutinin alters expression of other viral polypeptides in infected cells. AB - Polyclonal antibody to measles virus can have profound effects on external (outer plasma membrane) as well as internal (cytoplasmic) viral polypeptides expressed in infected cells. The process, termed "antibody-induced antigenic modulation," was further investigated by using monoclonal antibody to several viral polypeptides. Four monoclonal antibodies against the viral hemagglutinin had the ability to decrease the expression of the phosphoprotein, fusion, and membrane protein. A monoclonal antibody to the nucleocapsid protein did not cause these changes. The observed decreases were not due to preferential degradation of viral polypeptides as determined by pulse-chase experiments. Our results indicate that a specific signal to an epitope on the plasma membrane (monoclonal antibody measles virus hemagglutinin) can alter the expression of measles virus phosphoprotein and membrane protein, both polypeptides present in the cytoplasm of infected cells. PMID- 6546944 TI - Measurement of chemoattractant concentration profiles and diffusion coefficient in agarose. AB - Migration of leukocytes is influenced by both the concentration and gradient of a chemoattractant. In the under-agarose assay, attractant diffuses through the medium away from the attractant well. For complete analysis of assay data, the diffusion coefficient of the attractant in the assay system must be known, and the attractant concentration profiles must be mathematically predictable. This paper describes a method whereby the diffusion coefficient of a chemoattractant through agarose may be determined, by measurement of attractant concentration profiles. The diffusion coefficient of FNLLP was found to be D = 1.0 X 10(-5) cm2/s at 37 degrees C. In addition it was found that the concentration profiles can be satisfactorily predicted by solution of the diffusion equation with appropriate boundary conditions. PMID- 6546945 TI - Mechanics and energetics of breathing helium in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - The mechanics and energetics of breathing were studied in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia while spontaneously breathing control gas and helium oxygen (Heliox) gas mixtures. During Heliox breathing, there was a significant decrease in pulmonary resistance, resistive work of breathing, and mechanical power of breathing, whereas ventilation remained unchanged. Breathing a lower density gas mixture (Heliox) may have therapeutic value by decreasing the demands on the respiratory muscles and the caloric requirements for breathing. Therefore, this modality may reduce potential respiratory muscle fatigue and avail additional calories for growth and recovery in the preterm infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 6546946 TI - Plant anticancer agents. XXX: Cucurbitacins from Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae). AB - Isocucurbitacin B (I), 3-epi-isocucurbitacin B (II), and cucurbitacin B (III) were identified as the principal cytotoxic constituents of Ipomopsis aggregata (Pursh) V. Grant (Polemoniaceae). The structure of the new compound, II, was determined through analysis of its spectrometric characteristics. PMID- 6546947 TI - 'De-watering' capabilities of surfactants in human amniotic fluid. AB - The phospholipid extracts from each of eleven samples of human amniotic fluid obtained from eleven full-term births were deposited as orientated monolayers adsorbed to glass. The surfaces were found to be rendered hydrophobic with maximum contact angles averaging 54.5 degrees while, upon withdrawing fluid, the edge of the saline pool receded to expose dry surface with minimum contact angles averaging 15.4 degrees. The extracts were found to be surface-active at the liquid-air interface and there was some indication that direct adsorption to solid surfaces was facilitated by calcium ions. It was found that, in all extracts, a continuous layer of saline adjacent to the adsorbed surface would break up spontaneously to expose dry surface when the thickness was reduced to an average of 764 micron, corresponding to several alveolar diameters. This phenomenon is discussed as a possible means of establishing dry patches on the alveolar membrane, especially in the new-born after the fetal alveolar wall has been exposed to the same surfactants in much the same physical form as found in amniotic fluid. Surfactant adsorbed directly to the tissue subphase is suggested as a physical basis for the discontinuity of the aqueous hypophase seen in many electron micrographs of the adult alveolus. This 'de-watering' of the alveolar surface could facilitate gas transfer. PMID- 6546948 TI - [Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta in infants. Apropos of a case]. AB - The sudden development of an abdominal mass following umbilical artery catheterization during neonatal reanimation in a 1-month-old infant of an alcoholic mother was found to be due to an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. Diagnosis was established by computed tomography and confirmed by arteriography. In the absence of any pathological examination, surgical treatment having been temporarily delayed, a mycotic origin for the aneurysm was suggested by the conditions of onset. A review of the 13 cases of primary mycotic aneurysms of the abdominal aorta in infants reported in the literature emphasizes the rare but serious nature of these lesions at this age. PMID- 6546949 TI - Methotrexate analogues. 19. Replacement of the glutamate side chain in classical antifolates by L-homocysteic acid and L-cysteic acid: effect on enzyme inhibition and antitumor activity. AB - Methotrexate (MTX) and aminopterin (AMT) analogues containing L-homocysteic acid or L-cysteic acid in place of L-glutamic acid were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase from L1210 cells and folyl polyglutamate synthetase from mouse liver. The ID50 against dihydrofolate reductase was comparable for the MTX and AMT analogues (0.04-0.07 microM), whereas the ID50 against folyl polyglutamate synthetase was 3- to 4-fold lower for the AMT analogues (40-60 microM) than for the MTX analogues (100-200 microM). Thus, N10 substitution has a greater effect on binding to folyl polyglutamate synthetase than dihydrofolate reductase. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was assayed in vitro against L1210 cells, and the AMT analogues again proved more potent (ID50 = 0.03-0.05 microM) than the MTX analogues (ID50 = 0.1-0.4 microM). A similarly increased potency was observed for the AMT analogues against L1210 leukemia in vivo. Though differential cell uptake cannot be ruled out as the basis of increased potency, it is possible that part of the activity of the AMT analogues involves interference with the intracellular polyglutamation of reduced folate cofactors, i.e., that they are "self-potentiating antifolates". Of the four compounds reported, the most active was N-(4-amino-4- deoxypteroyl )-L homocysteic acid, which produced a 138% increase in life span (ILS) in L1210 leukemic mice when given on a modified bid X 10 schedule at a dose of 2 mg/kg. A comparable ILS was obtained with AMT itself at 0.24 mg/kg. Thus, replacement of gamma-CO2H by gamma-SO3H in the side chain does not decrease therapeutic effect. However, a higher dose is required, presumably to offset pharmacological differences reflecting the inability of the sulfonate group to be polyglutamated . PMID- 6546950 TI - A multi-channel hearing prosthesis for profound-to-total hearing loss. AB - A multi-channel cochlear implant hearing prosthesis providing 22 separate channels of stimulation has been developed. The electronics for the implantable receiver-stimulator have been incorporated on a single chip, using digital circuits and employing CMOS technology. The chip is enclosed in a titanium capsule with platinum/ceramic electrode feed-throughs. A pocket-sized speech processor and directional microphone extract the following speech parameters: signal amplitude, fundamental frequency and formant frequency. The fundamental frequency is coded as electric pulse rate, and formant frequency by electrode position. The speech processor has been realized using hybrid circuits and CMOS gate arrays. The multi-channel prosthesis has undergone a clinical trial on four postlingually deaf patients with profound-total hearing losses. The speech perception results indicate that they were able to obtain open-set speech recognition scores for phonetically balanced words, CID sentences and spondees. In all cases the tests showed significant improvements when using the cochlear prosthesis combined with lipreading compared to lipreading alone. PMID- 6546951 TI - GRIDSS: an integrated suite of microcomputer programs for three-dimensional graphical reconstruction from serial sections. AB - A program for serial section reconstruction using computer graphics on a microcomputer is described, which uses freely available non-specific hardware and software. Individual section data are input from a digitizer pad, and their reconstructed composite image can be displayed as if viewed from any direction. PMID- 6546952 TI - Cloning of a yolk protein gene family from Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - We have cloned a family of five genes which encode the 170,000 Mr yolk proteins in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The genes and their messenger RNAs are about 5 X 10(3) base-pairs in length. Thus most of the length of each gene is exon, although a few small introns have been discovered. Based on hybridization and restriction mapping experiments, the genes can be subdivided into two subfamilies: YP1-YP2 and YP3-YP4-YP5. Within a subfamily the genes are nearly identical. While most of the genes are not clustered, YP3 and YP4 are tandemly linked. Hybrid-arrest translation experiments demonstrate that the YP3-YP4-YP5 subfamily encodes the yp170A yolk protein, while the YP1-YP2 subfamily encodes the yp170B yolk protein. RNAs homologous to these genes are abundant in the adult hermaphrodite, but missing from larvae and males. Furthermore, RNA isolated from dissected intestines is highly enriched for sequences that hybridize to the genes, whereas RNA from gonad or body wall is nearly devoid of these sequences. Thus, this gene family is apparently expressed only in the intestine of the adult hermaphrodite. PMID- 6546953 TI - Regulation of cytoplasmic mRNA prevalence in sea urchin embryos. Rates of appearance and turnover for specific sequences. AB - Complementary DNA clones representing cytoplasmic poly(A) RNAs of sea urchin embryos were hybridized with metabolically labeled cytoplasmic RNA preparations and the rates of appearance and of decay for each transcript species were determined at the blastula-gastrula stage of development. The prevalence of the transcripts chosen for this study ranged, on average, from about one molecule per cell to a few hundred molecules per cell. The embryos were labeled continuously for 18 hours with [3H]guanosine, beginning at 24 hours post-fertilization. The amount of cytoplasmic [3H]poly(A) RNA that hybridized to each cloned sequence was determined and the specific activity of the [3H]GTP pool was measured in the same embryos. Rate constants for the entry of each transcript species into the cytoplasm, and for its decay were extracted from these data. The embryo transcript species identified by the cloned probes displayed a range of stabilities. Half-lives of only a few hours were measured both for a very rare sequence and for a moderately prevalent sequence. Other newly synthesized transcripts, including sequences that first appear during embryonic development, as well as sequences also represented in maternal RNA, are far more stable. We conclude that cytoplasmic RNA turnover rate is a major variable in the determination of the cytoplasmic level of expression of embryo genes. The entry rates of the transcripts into the cytoplasm also varied, from a few molecules per embryo per minute to several hundred, depending on the sequence. By comparing the mass of transcripts of a given sequence in the embryo to the mass of transcripts of that sequence accumulating as a result of new synthesis, the point at which embryo transcription accounts for the major fraction of the cytoplasmic molecules could be estimated. This calculation showed that for some sequences maternal transcripts persist well beyond gastrulation, while other embryo poly(A) RNA species are largely the product of transcription in the embryo nuclei from the blastula stage onwards. There is no single stage at which all maternal transcripts are suddenly replaced by newly synthesized embryo transcripts. Primary transcription rates were measured for two sequences by determining accumulation of label in these RNA species soon after addition of [3H]guanosine to the cultures. Comparing these rates to the cytoplasmic entry rates, we did not detect a significantly greater nuclear transcription of the sequence homologous to the cloned probe. PMID- 6546954 TI - Structural relationship between glutathione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase. AB - The elucidation of the primary structure of the Escherichia coli lipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.8.1.4) by sequencing the corresponding structural gene (lpd) has enabled a detailed structural comparison between lipoamide dehydrogenase and the related disulphide oxido-reductase, human erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2). Some 28% of the amino acid residues were found to be identical and a striking degree of homology was apparent throughout the polypeptide chains. It was concluded that the two enzymes possess very similar three-dimensional structures with particularly strong conservation of residues around the FAD and NAD(P) binding sites and at the redox centres of the molecules. Significant amino acid substitutions occur in the substrate binding pocket and these include an extra 18 amino acid residues at the C terminus of lipoamide dehydrogenase. Under physiological conditions, lipoamide dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase act in opposite directions, passing reducing equivalents to NAD+ or from NADPH (respectively), and two key substitutions near the redox centre could be associated with this difference in function. This study represents the first direct structural comparison between two related enzymes that are NADP+-linked (glutathione reductase) and NAD+-linked (lipoamide dehydrogenase). The differential recognition of these two cofactors could be explained in terms of amino acid substitutions. A divergent evolutionary relationship between the two enzymes including their NAD and NADP binding domains is fully supported by this analysis. PMID- 6546955 TI - [Antishock effects of urinary trypsin inhibitor, MR-20]. PMID- 6546956 TI - [Present and future of laser application in lung cancer]. PMID- 6546957 TI - Multiple simultaneous determinations of hemodynamics and flow distribution in conscious rat. AB - A method for multiple simultaneous determinations of cardiocirculatory dynamics, regional blood flow, and total cardiac output distribution in the conscious rat preparation is described. The preparation allows for intravenous administration of agents and can be performed on animals either at rest or during treadmill exercise. Instrumentation procedures involve placement of fluid-filled catheters in the left ventricle, right atria, right jugular vein, and caudal artery. Left ventricular pressures are recorded via a modified 4F Millar transducer-tipped manometer containing a 10-cm extension of fluid-filled PE 50 placed into the left ventricle via the right carotid artery. Radionuclide-labeled microspheres (15 +/- 5 mu) are injected into the left ventricle through the fluid-filled PE 50 at selected times for determination of cardiac output and regional blood flows using the caudal artery catheter as the source of the reference blood sample. Details and selected validation data for procedures involving anesthesia, instrumentation, recovery from anesthesia, data gathering, and data analysis are presented. Emphasis is placed on the procedures required for use of the radioactive microsphere technique in this model with special attention given to quality control of the microsphere stock, counting procedures, and computer analysis of these data. PMID- 6546958 TI - A low-cost microcomputer system for automated analysis of intracellular cardiac action potentials. AB - A microcomputer system for automated analysis of action potentials recorded from cardiac Purkinje fibers is described. The system is based upon a DMD 800 microcomputer built around a Z80 microprocessor. Two different sampling intervals are used for analog-to-digital conversion of action potential recorded from driven fibers. The following parameters can be obtained on-line: action potential amplitude; overshoot; maximum diastolic potential; action potential duration measured both at -60 mV and at 90% of complete repolarization; and maximum rate of rise of the upstroke. The digitized form of five consecutive action potentials can be stored on a floppy disk. The automated system eliminates hand measurements; the on-line analysis of the action potentials during pharmacological interventions allows a rapid appreciation of drug effects. PMID- 6546959 TI - A computer-assisted technique for analysis and comparison of dose-response curves. AB - We report a computer-assisted technique for comparison of dose-response curves. Slopes and ED50 values are calculated on the percentage response and the probit transformation of that response, and these are then compared by using an analysis of variance. The technique is much more sensitive than the usual approach of point-by-point comparison and enables several curves to be compared simultaneously. The program, which is written in APL, is interactive and can be used from a terminal by those unfamiliar with computing. PMID- 6546960 TI - Lavaged excised rat lungs as a model of surfactant deficiency. PMID- 6546961 TI - Method for mapping cardiac arrhythmia in real time using microprocessor-based systems. PMID- 6546962 TI - [Familial xanthinuria, 2 new cases]. PMID- 6546963 TI - Application of the microcomputer to the estimation of infant and childhood mortality by indirect techniques. PMID- 6546964 TI - A disease registration system at Osaka Medical College: a review of five years' experience. PMID- 6546965 TI - [Functional lymph node metastases of thyroid cancer in 2 patients with Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6546966 TI - [3-year results of the combined treatment of stage I and II lymphogranulomatosis patients]. AB - The authors present the results of the combined treatment (radiotherapy combined with 6 cycles of polychemotherapy using either the COPP or CVPP scheme) of 120 patients according to 4 programs differing in the volume of irradiation and intervals, between the cycles of polychemotherapy. The results of the study were compared to those of radiotherapy (irradiation of unilateral diaphragmatic and splenic lymph nodes) of 277 patients with Hodgkin's disease, Stages I--II. The combined treatment was shown to yield in better rates of a recurrence-free course of the disease and in slightly increased 3-year survival rates. It was shown that with identical drug therapy (6 cycles of polychemotherapy) the results of treatment in the groups of patients with different volumes of irradiation (irradiation of the clinically detectable foci of lesion only or of all the lymph nodes over the diaphragm and spleen) are rather similar. The results obtained indicate the advantages of the combined method of treatment of patients with Hodgkin's disease, Stages I--II. A reduced volume of irradiation seems possible in some cases. PMID- 6546967 TI - Atracurium. PMID- 6546968 TI - mRNA abundance changes during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. AB - Flagellar amputation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii induces the accumulation of a specific set of RNAs, many of which encode flagellar proteins. We prepared a cDNA clone bank from RNA isolated from cells undergoing flagellar regeneration. From this bank, we selected clones that contain RNA sequences that display several different patterns of abundance regulation. Based on quantitation of the relative amounts of labeled, cloned cDNAs hybridizing to dots of RNA on nitrocellulose filters, the cloned sequences were divided into five regulatory classes: class I RNAs remain at constant abundance during flagellar regeneration; classes II, III, and IV begin to increase in abundance within a few minutes after deflagellation, reach maximal abundance at successively later times during regeneration, and return to control cell levels within 2 to 3 h; and class V RNA abundance decreases during flagellar regeneration. Alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs are included in regulatory class IV. The abundance kinetics of alpha-tubulin mRNAs differ slightly from those of beta-tubulin mRNAs. The availability of these clones makes possible studies on the mechanisms controlling the abundance of a wide variety of different RNA species during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas. PMID- 6546969 TI - Down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptors in mouse lymphoma cell variants. AB - The mouse thymoma-derived cell line W7 is sensitive to the cytolytic action of glucocorticoids. We have isolated a novel class of cell variant that apparently overcomes its inherent sensitivity to glucocorticoids by reversibly down regulating the level of glucocorticoid receptors. This phenotype is stable during subcloning in the presence and in the absence of glucocorticoids and is dominant in somatic cell hybrids with wild-type cells. Fusion of this variant with wild type cells produces hybrids that down-regulate and are less sensitive to glucocorticoids than hybrids of receptor-negative and wild-type cells. This is the first demonstration of a phenotypic change which correlates with down regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 6546970 TI - Altered expression of heat shock proteins in embryonal carcinoma and mouse early embryonic cells. AB - In a previous paper, we have shown that in the absence of stress, mouse embryonal carcinoma cells, like mouse early embryo multipotent cells, synthesize high levels of 89- and 70-kilodalton heat shock proteins (HSP)(O. Bensaude and M. Morange, EMBO J. 2:173-177, 1983). We report here the pattern of proteins synthesized after a short period of hyperthermia in various mouse embryonal carcinoma cell lines and early mouse embryo cells. Among the various cell lines tested, two of them, PCC4-Aza R1 and PCC7-S-1009, showed an unusual response in that stimulation of HSP synthesis was not observed in these cells after hyperthermia. However, inducibility of 68- and 105-kilodalton HSP can be restored in PCC7-S-1009 cells after in vitro differentiation triggered by retinoic acid. Similarly, in the early mouse embryo, hyperthermia does not induce the synthesis of nonconstitutive HSP at the eight-cell stage, but induction of the 68 kilodalton HSP does occur at the blastocyst stage. Such a transition in the expression of HSP has already been described for Drosophila melanogaster and sea urchin embryos and recently for mouse embryos. It may be a general property of early embryonic cells. PMID- 6546971 TI - Effective treatment of advanced multiple myeloma refractory to alkylating agents. AB - Twenty-nine patients with advanced refractory multiple myeloma were treated with intermittent high-dose dexamethasone in combination with four-day infusions of vincristine and doxorubicin. Rapid and marked tumor-mass reduction (greater than 75 per cent) was noted in 14 of 20 patients whose disease was resistant to alkylating agents and in 3 of 9 patients with additional resistance to doxorubicin--a result far superior to those in previous trials with similar patients. In responsive patients, remissions were of excellent quality, and survival was significantly longer than in unresponsive patients. PMID- 6546972 TI - Cardiovascular response to vasopressin vasopressor antagonist administration during water deprivation in the rat. AB - The cardiovascular effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection of a selective vasopressin vasopressor antagonist, [1-beta mercapto-beta, beta-cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid-2-(0 methyl)tyrosine]arginine vasopressin (TMe-AVP) were examined in conscious rats under basal conditions and following 48 h of water deprivation. Pressor responses to i.v. vasopressin (50 ng/kg) were not blunted by i.c.v. treatment with either vehicle or 0.5 microgram/kg TMe-AVP. A dose of 5.0 microgram/kg TMe-AVP (i.c.v.) did reduce the pressor response to vasopressin, indicating peripheral leakage of the antagonist. Water deprivation for 48 h increased plasma vasopressin concentrations from 0.7 +/- 0.1 to 2.8 +/- 0.1 microU/ml and increased blood pressure from 112 +/- 2 to 123 +/- 1 mm Hg. No effect of the vasopressin antagonist on blood pressure could be detected following either i.c.v. (0.5 microgram/kg) or i.v. (5.0 micrograms/kg) treatment in water-deprived animals. However, a significant increase in heart rate was observed in water-deprived rats following i.v. injection of 5.0 micrograms/kg of TMe-AVP. Central vasopressin vasopressor receptor blockade appears to exert little effect on blood pressure either under basal conditions or during water deprivation. The data further delineate the relationship of plasma vasopressin concentrations to cardiovascular homeostasis. PMID- 6546973 TI - The role of spinal pathways in dopamine mediated alteration in the tail-flick reflex in rats. AB - The latency of the tail-flick, following intrathecal infusion of the dopamine (DA) agonist, R-apomorphine was measured in rats with intact spinal cord or with spinal cord lesions. Apomorphine failed to influence the tail-flick response in intact rats, whereas it elevated the latency of the tail-flick in rats with either total spinal cord transection, or bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculi (DLF), but not in rats with lesions in either the dorsal columns or the medioventral parts of the lateral funiculi. The findings suggest that pathways in the dorsolateral funiculi modulate DA-mediated sensory processes and possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6546974 TI - Carboxypeptidase B-like activity for the processing of enkephalin precursors in the membrane component of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin granules. AB - Trypsin and carboxypeptidase B-like (CPB-like) peptidases should be involved in processing proenkephalin to form the small biologically active enkephalins. A carboxypeptidase B-like activity from the soluble fraction of bovine adrenomedullary chromaffin granules which converts 125I-(Met)-enkephalin-Arg6 to 125I-(Met)enkephalin has previously been described and characterized (1,2). In this study, CPB-like activity in the membrane bound component of chromaffin granules is characterized and compared with that in the soluble fraction. Membrane and soluble CPB activities cleaved 125I-(Met)enkephalin-Arg6 or 125I (Met)enkephalin-Lys6 to form 125I-(Met)enkephalin. Like the soluble enzyme, the CPB-like activity in the membrane component had a pH optimum of 6.0, was inhibited by thiol agents (PCMPSA, CuCl2) and metal ion chelators (EDTA, 1,10 phenanthroline), and was stimulated by Co++. The membrane CPB-like activity appeared to be an intrinsic membrane protein, since 80% of the activity remained with the membranes after washing with 1.0 M NaCl. Membrane and soluble CPB-like activities in chromaffin granules appear to be similar enzymes. PMID- 6546975 TI - [Reduction of pre-loading with sublingual molsidomin. Effect on systole-diastole time intervals]. PMID- 6546976 TI - Maternal thromboxane, prostacyclin, and umbilical blood flow in humans. AB - The stable hydration products of the vasoconstrictory and proaggregatory thromboxane A2 and vasodilatory and antiaggregatory prostacyclin, ie, thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1a, respectively, were measured with radioimmunoassays from 67 women with normal pregnancy, preeclampsia, or other pregnancy complications with the determination of the blood flow in the umbilical vein with the ultrasound method. In addition, the maternal platelets' capacity to release thromboxane B2 was studied. No relation was seen between these prostanoids and the umbilical blood flow and/or pregnancy complications. Moreover, the concentrations of the prostanoids were similar in women with high (161.1 +/- 6.8 mL/minutes/kg of fetal weight, mean +/- SE, N = 33) and low (50.5 +/- 2.1 mL/minutes/kg, N = 34) umbilical flow. If thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin regulate the umbilical circulation in the human, they exert this effect locally in the fetoplacental unit, and the changes are not reflected by the levels of their metabolites in the maternal peripheral circulation. PMID- 6546977 TI - A comparison of mydriatic eyedrops in low-weight infants. AB - The pupils of neonates often need to be dilated to examine the retina for retinopathy of prematurity and other disorders. It is known that low-weight infants (less than 1600 grams) are susceptible to systemic hypertension when 10% or 2.5% phenylephrine eye drops are used. To find the safest and best commercially available mydriatic agent in neonates, 30 low-weight infants were divided evenly into three groups. The drops tested were cyclopentolate 0.5% alone, cyclopentolate 0.5% plus mydriacyl 0.5%, and a combination drop of phenylephrine 1% and cyclopentolate 0.2%. There was no clinically significant effect of any of the drops on systolic blood pressure or pulse rate. The cyclopentolate and phenylephrine combination dilated the pupils by a mean of 2.8 mm which was statistically greater than the other groups (P less than 0.01) and had a longer duration of maximal dilation than the other drops (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6546978 TI - The reopening of closed filtering blebs using the neodymium: YAG laser. AB - Four eyes underwent cicatricial closure of the filtering bleb within the 6 weeks postoperatively. They failed to respond to digital massage and conventional therapy, resulting in loss of bleb and elevated intraocular pressure. The average pre-YAG laser treatment intraocular pressure was 34.5 mmHg. Three hundred to five hundred applications from the mode-locked Neodymium:YAG laser ( Meditec ) delivered at 3.5 mJ were directed through a goniocontact prism to the surgical area. Prompt vaporization of scar tissue and sclera resulted in a dramatic reversal of the pathology. Forty-eight hours after treatment and with a cessation of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, an average 20 mm Hg drop in intraocular pressure was achieved. The bleb reformed in each case and maintained its patency for a minimum follow-up of 6 months. PMID- 6546979 TI - Lensectomy for secondary angle-closure glaucoma in advanced cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia. AB - A study of 15 patients with secondary angle-closure glaucoma associated with advanced cicatricial retrolental fibroplasia is presented. Eight patients developed glaucoma acutely, while 7 showed a chronic course. In four patients the fellow eye became involved acutely within 1 month of the first eye. Seven others were also bilateral, but on a chronic basis. Twelve of the 15 presented after age 2. All were treated with lensectomy which cured the glaucoma. All have extremely poor vision in the range of light perception to hand motion, but have retained their eyes on a pain-free basis. PMID- 6546980 TI - [Pharmacological regulation of intestinal motility in patients with injuries]. PMID- 6546981 TI - Neoplasia of the pediatric larynx. PMID- 6546982 TI - Diagnosis of alpha thalassemia in the newborn. Cord blood survey utilizing gene mapping. AB - Application of the technique of gene mapping has made possible accurate assessment of the alpha thalassemia defect in cord blood samples obtained in a Sydney teaching hospital. Results showed a 5.2% incidence of the alpha+ thalassemia haplotype in the population being tested. Various hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, hemoglobin EPG pattern at pH 8.9 and the percentage of hemoglobin Bart's determined by elution at pH 6.7 were measured to assess which would be the most useful in diagnosis of alpha thalassemia at this time of life. The most consistent test proved to be hemoglobin EPG pattern at pH 8.9, and reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 6546983 TI - [Comparative study of various methods of treating experimental metabolic alkalosis]. PMID- 6546984 TI - Vitamin E inhibition of the effects of hyperoxia on the pulmonary surfactant system of the newborn rabbit. AB - The effects of vitamin E on the neonatal surfactant system were studied in rabbits exposed to air or hyperoxia (greater than 95%) from birth through 48 h of life. Hyperoxia exposure resulted in lung lavage phospholipid content which reached only 74% of air-exposed controls, and static pressure:volume observations of decreased maximum distensibility and altered compliance. Treatment with vitamin E (100 mg/kg of dl-alpha-tocopherol S.Q.) at 1 and 24 h of life was shown to completely abolish these effects of hyperoxia. Morphometrically determined alterations in epithelial cell composition and erythrocyte-contaminated air spaces resulting from hyperoxia exposure were also absent in pups treated with vitamin E. These findings suggest that early vitamin E treatment in vitamin E deprived newborns prevents hyperoxia-associated compromise to the pulmonary surfactant system and selected other aspects of oxygen-induced lung injury in the neonate. PMID- 6546985 TI - [Wilson-Mikity syndrome in an infant]. PMID- 6546986 TI - Vitamin E effect questioned. PMID- 6546987 TI - [A combined therapy program for children with lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 6546988 TI - MBERT: a basic program to alleviate experimenter effect in biofeedback research. PMID- 6546989 TI - [Erythrocytosis due to a high-affinity hemoglobulin: mutant hemoglobin Saint Jacques beta 140 (H18) Ala----Thr with a change in the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate binding site]. AB - All the high oxygen affinity variants have substitutions in regions that are crucial to hemoglobin function: mainly the alpha 1 beta 2 interface, the C terminal end of the beta chain and the aminoacid residues involved in the 2,3 disphophoglycerate (2,3 DPG) binding site. In this report we describe a new variant with familial erythrocytosis: hemoglobin Saint-Jacques beta 140 (H18) Ala ---Thr, whose main abnormality is a defect in organic phosphate binding in the central cavity between to two beta chains. This variant could not be separated from hemoglobin A by standard electrophoretic methods or by isoelectric focusing. The abnormal peptide was isolated by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography and the structural modification determined by manual sequencing micro-method. Functional studies on red blood cells as well as on stripped lysate showed increased oxygen affinity, normal Bohr effect, decreased heme-heme interaction and loss of the 2,3 DPG regulatory effect. PMID- 6546990 TI - [Mathematical modeling of flow-tube extracorporeal shunts with immobilized enzymes]. AB - A complex of computer programs "IF-reactor" for model calculations and processing of experimental data related to flow tube extracorporeal shunts with immobilized enzymes has been developed. Qualitative and quantitative comparison of theory with experiment has been made. PMID- 6546991 TI - [Oxygen metabolism (based on polarographic data) in patients with thyroid diseases]. AB - The results are presented of the studies of oxygen metabolism in the muscular tissue of patients with the thyroid goiter formation. An original method of the polarographic study allows one to observe the process of oxygen transport not only from the intracellular space into the cell, but also from the blood channel into the intracellular space. Oxygen utilization curve was recorded after prolonged ischemia (15 minutes) the oxygen recovery curve was noted, according to which the oxygen recovery rate coefficient, allowing to judge the circulation time and the vascular wall permeability, was counted by analogy with oxygen utilization rate determination. The ratio of these coefficients was used as an index for the tissue supplying with oxygen. The data are presented of studying 105 patients with different forms of the thyroid goiter formation. The informativeness of the utilization rate coefficient is examined for evaluating oxygen consumption by tissues. This index was practically equal in patients with diffuse toxic goiter, nodose euthyroid goiter and in the controls. At the same time the coefficient of oxygen recovery rate and the coefficient ratio of oxygen recovery and utilization rates were significantly elevated in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (1.3 +/- 0.21, 4.33 +/- 0.76) in comparison with the patients suffering from nodose euthyroid goiter (0.72 +/- 0.2, 2,95 +/- 0.66) and the controls (0.67 +/- 0.18, 1.8 +/- 0.37). In the patients with diffuse toxic goiter these indices returned to normal (0.44 +/- 0.11, 1.57 +/- 0.63) following the preoperative preparation. PMID- 6546992 TI - The stimulus properties of para-methoxyamphetamine: a nonessential serotonergic component. AB - A group of six rats was trained to discriminate the effects of para methoxyamphetamine (PMA; 3 mg/kg, 15 min pretreatment time) and saline in a two lever choice task using a fixed ratio 10 schedule of water reinforcement. Stimulus control was assumed to be present when 80% or more of the first ten responses were appropriate for the treatment condition on each of five consecutive days. PMA established stimulus control in each of the subjects. The mean number of sessions prior to the onset of criterion performance was 19 (SE = 2, range = 14-24). A second group of ten rats was similarly trained with lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; 0.1 mg/kg, 15 min pretreatment time) and saline. In rats trained with PMA, LSD yielded intermediate results, i.e., significantly different from both training conditions. Likewise, the response distribution was intermediate in nature when LSD-trained subjects were tested with PMA. Pizotyline did not antagonize PMA-induced stimulus control in rats trained with PMA and saline but did antagonize the intermediate responding produced by PMA in LSD trained subjects. It is concluded that PMA-induced stimulus control does not depend upon activation of serotonergic receptors but that PMA does possess some LSD-like effects which are mediated serotonergically. PMID- 6546993 TI - [Physiopathology of hemostasis. Which advances are useful for the clinician?]. AB - Progress made in the field of haemostasis 30 years ago was essentially to do with the identification of the different activators of coagulation, the deficits of which provoke hemorrhage. Over the last ten years, progress has been made which is of benefit to research into thrombosis. This wave of progress, still in its infancy, aids both the understanding of the mechanisms involved, and the treatment of thrombosis. The role of the deficits reducing coagulation in the occurrence of thromboses is the most distinctive if not unique, fact. The molecular study of the factors of coagulation constitutes another aspect of recent progress; this gives a better understanding of the pathological phenomena and anticoagulant behaviour. Examples are given of this progress in molecular study and in the aetiological diagnosis of thrombosis. PMID- 6546994 TI - Photochemical interactions of chlorpromazine with phospholipids and cholesterol in artificial and natural membranes. PMID- 6546995 TI - A microprocessor analog simulation of the operation of countercurrent multiplier systems. PMID- 6546996 TI - Extraocular muscle enlargement: a CT review. AB - Extraocular muscle enlargement can result from a wide variety of disease processes. Although observations of the pattern of muscle involvement, muscle shape and enhancement, superior ophthalmic vein and cavernous sinus enlargement, sinus and bony wall abnormalities, and proptosis can lead to a limited differential diagnosis in some cases, no radiographic finding in itself seems to be pathognomonic. Correlative clinical findings are necessary to make a secure diagnosis. PMID- 6546997 TI - Radioimmunoassay of neuropeptide Y. AB - The development of a radioimmunoassay to the newly isolated peptide, neuropeptide Y is described. Four separate antisera have been developed using different immunisation schedules. Two of these antisera (YNI and YNIO) are directed to the C-terminal region of the peptide and cross-react with the related peptide PYY, whereas YN7 is specific being directed to the N-terminal region of NPY, YN6 is similarly specific for NPY, but is unable to bind the available fragments. These four antisera provide similar results for determination of NPY immunoreactivity within porcine brain extracts, however YN6 consistently undervalues all extracts from the other species examined (human, rat, guinea pig, cat and mouse). Chromatographic analysis by means of reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) shows that NPY immunoreactivity of human extracts elutes in an earlier position than the porcine standard. It seems likely therefore that human and porcine NPY differ in their amino acid sequences. PMID- 6546998 TI - Distribution and characterization of synenkephalin immunoreactivity in the bovine brain and pituitary. AB - The distribution of synenkephalin, the N-terminal fragment of proenkephalin, was studied in various parts of the bovine brain (globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, hypothalamus) and in the posterior pituitary by the use of a radioimmunoassay. The distribution of synenkephalin-immunoreactivity (IR) was compared to the distribution of Met-enkephalin-IR. Gel exclusion chromatography was used to examine the molecular forms of the immunoreactivities present in the tissues. The distribution of synenkephalin-IR was similar to the distribution of Met enkephalin-IR, with a molar ratio of Met-enkephalin/synenkephalin ranging between 2.7 and 5.9. In all regions tested except the hypothalamus the synenkephalin-IR was present as a single species. However, in the hypothalamus a small amount of IR material (3% of the total synenkephalin-IR) was detected in fractions where larger Met-enkephalin-containing peptides eluted. Based on the concordance between the molar ratio of Met-enkephalin to synenkephalin found in the tissues and the molar ratio present in the sequence of adrenal proenkephalin, it is concluded that the brain and adrenal glands utilize a similar precursor for enkephalin biosynthesis. PMID- 6546999 TI - Demonstration of a neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity in human phaeochromocytoma extracts. AB - Using a porcine neuropeptide Y directed radioimmunoassay it was shown that acid extracts of human phaeochromocytoma tumour tissue contained a neuropeptide Y-like peptide. Further fractionation and purification of this immunoreactivity showed that this human neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was closely similar in molecular size and separation characteristics to porcine neuropeptide Y. The possible contribution of neuropeptide Y to the hypertension characterizing human phaeochromocytoma is discussed. PMID- 6547000 TI - [Mixed cryoglobulinemia associated with adrenal insufficiency, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, persistent chronic hepatitis and vasculitis]. PMID- 6547001 TI - Interactions between hearing aid and patient in the individual fitting situation. AB - Due to individual variations in the auricle, meatus, middle ear, and the ear mould, identical hearing aids will yield different insertion gain in different ears. The present experiment was performed in order to introduce an adjusting factor for the individual ear mould-supplied patient compared with KEMAR data as a basis for the selection and fitting of the hearing aid. For different hearing aids tested on the same person the variation in the insertion gain compared with KEMAR data was, however, of such an extent that such a factor cannot be immediately introduced. The variation reflects differences in the sensitivity of the hearing aids with respect to the acoustic load represented by the ear mould fitted individual ear. In order to predict the effect of a certain hearing aid on one specific patient it is necessary to know the sensitivity for the acoustic load impedance in advance. PMID- 6547002 TI - EPA regulators take on the Delaney clause. PMID- 6547003 TI - Meniscotibial (coronary) ligament tears. AB - Preservation of the meniscus whenever possible is essential in maintaining knee stability and preventing premature osteoarthritis. Peripheral meniscal tears are the most amenable to surgical repair. This study evaluates the peripheral attachments of the medial meniscus and focuses on a specific tear limited to the meniscotibial ligament (coronary ligament). The diagnosis is made arthrographically when the medial meniscus floats above the tibial plateau without separating completely from the capsule. The lateral meniscus is rarely involved in this type of injury. PMID- 6547004 TI - Case report 269. Diagnosis: malignant lymphoma (large cell, immunoblastic type) with widespread dissemination in the skeleton as well as lymph nodes and probably the liver and spleen. PMID- 6547005 TI - Liability of out-of-state physicians extending emergency health care. PMID- 6547006 TI - [Radioimmunologic T3-test and its clinical significance]. PMID- 6547007 TI - [2 cases of successful treatment of gastric lymphoma by means of polychemotherapy]. PMID- 6547008 TI - The use of a functional and immunologic assay for plasma protein C in the study of the heterogeneity of congenital protein C deficiency. AB - Protein C is a vitamin K dependent protein involved in blood coagulation. A congenital deficiency in protein C antigen - which inherits as an autosomal dominant disorder - has been reported to be associated with a high risk for thrombo-embolic disease at relatively young age. In the present paper we report on the development of a functional assay for plasma protein C. In this assay protein C is adsorbed to Al(OH)3, eluted and activated by thrombin, after which the concentration of the activated protein C is measured with a peptide substrate (S2366). Normal values for protein C activity and protein C antigen were determined in healthy volunteers and patients on stable oral anticoagulant treatment. Protein C activity and antigen levels were compared in 28 patients from 9 different pedigrees with both congenital protein C deficiency and thrombotic disease. Two types of protein C deficiency could be recognized: in type I the deficiency is due to the absence or reduced presence of protein C molecules, while in type II the deficiency is caused by the presence of an abnormal protein C molecule with strongly reduced functional activity. PMID- 6547009 TI - Successful progressive anticoagulation in a severe protein C deficiency and previous skin necrosis at the initiation of oral anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6547010 TI - A study of the possible role of mesothelium as a surface for flowing blood. AB - Mouse mesothelium has been examined as a surface for supporting blood flow. We have examined ten pieces of intact mesothelium and ten pieces of damaged mesothelium following 10 min exposure to flowing blood in a Baumgartner chamber. Scanning electron microscopy of the intact specimens demonstrated no adhering blood platelets, whereas the damaged specimens were found to be covered with large numbers of adhering platelets. In addition we have demonstrated that undamaged mesothelium does not appear to be morphologically altered after exposure to blood, and that undamaged mesothelium produces significantly more prostacyclin than damaged control. These findings support that mesothelial cells hold promise as a lining for prosthetic vascular implants. PMID- 6547011 TI - [Computer calculations on the effect of urine components on saturation relations of calcium oxalate in the urine]. AB - With the help of a computer program the influence of magnesium, citrate, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate on the activity product of calcium oxalate is examined in a synthetic and in physiological urine by varying the several parameters. Natural urine shows a significant decrease of the supersaturation of calcium oxalate by enhancing concentration of citrate. A physiological average magnesium concentration shows no effect in the sense of an increase of supersaturation antagonizing the citrate. An additional increase of the concentration of magnesium is barely effective. Citrate shows a greater effect on the decrease of supersaturation of calcium oxalate than comparable quantities of magnesium concentrations. Within the normal range of sodium chloride concentration only a slight change of the supersaturation of calcium oxalate can be observed. Sulfate has also a very slight influence in natural urine within the normal physiological range, whereas potassium does not show any effect at all. PMID- 6547012 TI - [Use of thymalin in trauma patients]. AB - A clinical study of the thymus preparation Thymalin was carried out in 23 patients with special reference to its use for prevention and treatment of infectious complications of critical traumas. The complex treatment can improve the clinical course of the trauma disease and normalize immune indices of the patients. PMID- 6547013 TI - [Use of the immunomodulator thymalin in the treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6547014 TI - [Epidemiologic and clinical studies of patients with tick-borne encephalitis from northeastern Poland]. AB - The authors discussed the epidemiological and serological evaluation as well as the clinical symptomatology of thick-borne encephalitis in 215 patients from North-East Poland. They found, among other things, that in 94 per cent of cases the infection was percutaneous from the tick bite and caused via the digestive route in 6 per cent of cases by drinking unboiled cow milk. It was demonstrated that during the late phase of convalescence i.e. one to five years after the outbreak of the disease, the injuries to the nervous system were more frequently manifest than in patients during the acute phase. The authors pointed out that 25.3 per cent of those who recovered from tick-borne encephalitis, suffered to a varying degree from a limited physical and psychic efficiency. This condition originated from the existing injuries to the nervous system and led not infrequently to a permanent disability of the persons concerned. PMID- 6547015 TI - Unusual hypoxanthine hydroxylation system in hepatopancreas of Helix pomatia (Gastropoda). AB - The enzymatic system in hepatopancreas of H. pomatia (terrestrial purinotelic gastropod) hydroxylates hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid but fails to hydroxylate adenine, nicotinic acid and 3-methyl-6- hydroxypurine ; allopurinol is hydroxylated to oxypurinol 7 times faster than hypoxanthine to xanthine; at concentration of 10(-6) M it inhibits hydroxylation of hypoxanthine by 55%. Two protein fractions [precipitated at 0-0.30 (I) and 0.30-0.45 (II) saturation with (NH4)2 SO4] hydroxylate hypoxanthine with NAD+ as a cosubstrate but only fraction I, predominating during the active life, hydroxylates also xanthine and is inhibited by NADH. Protein fraction II, dominant during winter sleep, does not hydroxylate xanthine and its hypoxanthine-hydroxylating activity is not inhibited by NADH. The latter property may enable continuous operation of the protein catabolic pathway under anaerobiosis. PMID- 6547016 TI - Southern analysis of the Lesch-Nyhan locus in man. PMID- 6547017 TI - Imprinting by the neonatal testis: a mechanism for sexual dimorphism of rat liver xanthine oxidase. PMID- 6547018 TI - Clinicobiochemical analysis of four cases of xanthine oxidase deficiency. PMID- 6547019 TI - Purine metabolism in rat macrophages. PMID- 6547020 TI - Earplugs--a computer program for simulation of personal hearing protection devices. AB - Earplugs is a program to allow predictive evaluation of earplugs and earmuffs. Written in Basic for the Apple II+, it is translatable into all other versions of Basic. The program allows the user to compare the attenuation capabilities of any earplug versus the environmental octave band analysis for the workplace in question. This version of the program provides a plot of the results. PMID- 6547021 TI - Anaplastic plasma cell myeloma and immunoblastic lymphoma. Clinical, pathologic, and immunologic comparison. AB - To test whether highly anaplastic myeloma and immunoblastic lymphoma are truly identical disease processes, simultaneous series were compared in respect to cytomorphologic features, immunoglobulin content or secretion, clinical and laboratory findings, and patient survival. Although the series partially overlapped in each studied feature, different trends served to distinguish them. Of the 14 patients with myeloma, all were dead at two years, whereas six of the 22 patients with lymphoma were disease-free at 35 to 78 months. Only 50 percent of patients with myeloma received intensive chemotherapy, whereas all 19 patients with stage III or IV lymphoma received such therapy. Myelomas secreted predominantly IgA heavy chain rather than IgG and lambda light chain rather than kappa. Lymphomas contained predominantly IgM rather than IgG and kappa rather than lambda. There were no IgM myelomas and no IgA lymphomas. The shorter survival of patients with the extremely anaplastic form of myeloma, as compared with patients who had immunoblastic lymphoma, may relate, in part, to prior therapy for previous lower grade myeloma; however, intrinsic differences in the nature of these two disease processes are reflected in their disparate immunologic characteristics. PMID- 6547022 TI - Glomerulonephritis, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leucocytoclastic vasculitis. AB - 2 cases of active focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, lymphocytic malignant lymphoma and leucocytoclastic vasculitis are described. 1 presented with the nephrotic syndrome and progressive renal impairment, the other with acute renal failure. Cryoglobulins were detected in the serum of 1 patient, but not in that of the other. Initial renal and skin biopsies in the 2 patients were strikingly similar. As well as demonstrating glomerular lesions, the renal biopsies contained interstitial lymphomatous infiltrate which, in 1 case, was initially incorrectly interpreted and resulted in delay in specific treatment. Immunosuppressive therapy markedly improved renal function and induced remission of the vasculitis and lymphoma. Repeat renal biopsy in 1 case confirmed regression of the glomerulonephritis. A common immunological aetiology may explain the co-existence of these three conditions in the 2 patients. PMID- 6547023 TI - Obstructive uropathy and renal osteodystrophy in an infant. PMID- 6547024 TI - Sound pickup utilizing an implantable piezoelectric ceramic bimorph element: application to the cochlear implant. AB - The degree of sound pickup possible with a piezoelectric ceramic bimorph element ( PCBE ) was tested as part of research on a total implantation system for a cochlear prosthesis. The PCBE functions as an electromechanical transducer and can be utilized as a device to sense vibration in the tympanic membrane by touching it to the malleus head. This method lends itself to the miniaturization and simplification required by an implantable device for sound pickup. The ability of the PCBE to function as a device to pick up sound was investigated using three normal human temporal bones. The sensitivity of the PCBE when coupled to the malleus was calculated as the ratio of the voltage generated by the PCBE to the sound pressure in front of the tympanic membrane, when these factors were processed with a spectrum analyzer. The best sensitivities registered with the three temporal bone specimens were -63, -61, -59 dB re 1 V/Pa, respectively, at 1 kHz. The frequency response curves had resonant frequencies at about 2 kHz and declined beyond 5 kHz. These results indicate that a PCBE coupled to the malleus head performs satisfactorily in regard to sound pickup and shows promise as a component of a totally implanted hearing system. PMID- 6547025 TI - Evidence that prostaglandins are local regulatory agents in canine ileal circular muscle. AB - Studies were performed to determine the role of endogenous prostaglandins (PG) in regulating mechanical and electrical activities of canine ileal circular muscles. Indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthesis blocker, enhanced the amplitude of spontaneous and acetylcholine-stimulated contractions. The increase in mechanical activity caused by indomethacin was accompanied by decreased release of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, the spontaneous metabolite of prostacyclin, from the muscle. The electrical mechanisms responsible for the changes in mechanical activity caused by indomethacin were investigated by intracellular measurement of electrical activity. The enhanced contractions due to indomethacin correlated with enhanced electrical slow-wave amplitude and generation of action potentials. After indomethacin treatment muscles were exposed to several exogenous prostaglandins to determine which of these compounds might reverse the mechanical effects of indomethacin. Prostacyclin reversed the effects of indomethacin, and PGE2 reversed some of the effects of indomethacin. Prostacyclin also decreased the amplitude of electrical slow waves and abolished action potentials. These electrical effects were associated with decreased contractile amplitude. It is concluded that the dominant prostaglandin responsible for the "prostaglandin effect" in canine ileal circular muscle must be inhibitory to spontaneous and acetylcholine-stimulated contractions. The mechanical effects attributed to endogenous prostaglandin appear to be due to an electrical mechanism. Based on the evidence presented prostacyclin emerges as the most likely candidate for the role of "dominant" prostaglandin, but PGE2 may also contribute as a modulator of electrical and mechanical activities. PMID- 6547026 TI - Responses of chick renal cell to parathyroid hormone: effect of vitamin D. AB - The in vitro incubation of chick renal cells with parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulted in the inhibition of Na+-dependent phosphate uptake when the cells were isolated from 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25 (OH)2D3]-repleted chicks but not when the cells came from vitamin D-deficient animals. Na+-independent phosphate and Na+-dependent alpha-methylglucoside uptakes were not affected by PTH and the vitamin D status of the bird. The activation of chick renal cell adenylate cyclase by PTH was significantly blunted when the enzyme was from vitamin D-deficient animals relative to the activation of the enzyme from repleted cockerels. This alteration was due to a change in maximum velocity of the system rather than an effect on the affinity for hormone. The response of adenylate cyclase to other hormones, e.g., prostaglandin E2, and activators, e.g., 5' -guanylyl-imidodiphosphate and forskolin, was not affected by the vitamin D status of the animal. PTH had little effect in activating protein kinase in cells from vitamin D-deficient chicks. In cells from vitamin D sufficient birds, PTH caused a fourfold increase in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. Dibutyryl cAMP inhibited Na+ dependent phosphate uptake by cells from 1,25-(OH)2D3-repleted animals, but the cyclic nucleotide had no effect on phosphate uptake in cells from vitamin D depleted chicks. This finding suggests that the loss of PTH receptor sites known to be concomitant with the secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with vitamin D deficiency is only a partial explanation for the failure of PTH to inhibit phosphate uptake in cells from vitamin D-deficient animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547027 TI - Effect of vitamin D3 on duodenal calcium absorption in vivo during early development. AB - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and vitamin D deficiency on duodenal calcium absorption in suckling and weaned rats was determined by an in situ loop technique. In vitamin D-replete (+D) rats, the linear, or nonsaturable, component of calcium absorption was very efficient in 14-day-old pups and decreased with age until 35 days. The saturable component, which was undetectable in 14-day-old pups, became detectable by 18 days of age and increased until 26 days of age. Calcium absorption was not reduced in vitamin D-deficient (-D) 14 day-old pups as compared with +D pups. A high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the plasma calcium level of +D suckling rats but had no effect on calcium absorption even with milk present in the loop. Weaned -D rats had a reduced saturable component of absorption (P less than 0.01) compared with +D rats. A high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 significantly increased calcium absorption and plasma calcium levels of -D rats. Our results indicate that during suckling calcium absorption occurs by a process that is insensitive to vitamin D. After weaning both saturable and nonsaturable processes appear to contribute to calcium absorption, and the saturable component can be influenced by vitamin D status or a high dose of 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6547028 TI - Calcium metabolism in birds: computer simulation of response to 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - A simulation model of calcium metabolism in the chick has been used to evaluate the response of the systems that regulate plasma calcium to a continuous input of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] from the intestine. The results of simulation showed that the concentration of the vitamin D metabolite in the intestine increased during the first 24 h and thereafter decreased slightly due to suppression of endogenous hormone production. Metabolite accumulation was accompanied by an increase in calcium absorption, with a lag period of about 4 h. Most of the increase in absorbed calcium was excreted in the urine, with a lesser change in net bone calcium uptake. Plasma calcium increased with time, in proportion to the intake of the exogenous hormone. The validity of the predicted steady-state plasma calcium levels, and bone and kidney calcium flows, is discussed. The results of the simulation demonstrate the importance of the vitamin D-intestinal axis in regulation of plasma calcium. PMID- 6547029 TI - Community health politics: transition of the Seattle USPHS Hospital. AB - To achieve transition of the Seattle US Public Health Service Hospital from federal to local control, the community overcame large obstacles; the most difficult was federal preference for closing the hospital rather than incurring additional costs essential for transition. The Washington State Congressional Delegation, local officials, hospital staff, patients and numerous community volunteers--individuals and private organizations--worked together to save the hospital and secure federal resources for its transition. Going through the transition influenced the hospital as it developed a new corporate structure, designed new administrative systems, and prepared to operate in a new environment while facing an uncertain future. The hospital has continued to cope with issues arising from transition, such as operating in a competitive context while reaffirming its community service heritage. Despite the difficulties of transition, Seattle preserved a valuable community health resource. PMID- 6547030 TI - A cytochemical study on surface charges and lectin-binding sites in epididymal and ejaculated spermatozoa of Macaca fascicularis. AB - Changes in electronegative and electropositive surface charges and in lectin receptors (concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin) were investigated on sperm plasma membranes of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis) during epididymal transit and after ejaculation. Electronegative charges at pH 1.8, which were uniformly distributed on the whole plasma membrane of caput epididymal spermatozoa, increased mainly on the postacrosomal cap and the tail during epididymal passage. Electropositive charges at pH 9 were simultaneously found on the whole cell surface of caput epididymal spermatozoa with a stronger labeling on the acrosomal apex, the postacrosomal cap, and the tail. These charges disappeared during passage through the epididymis corpus. The surface distribution of lectin receptors varied inversely during epididymal transit with an increase in concanavalin A receptors and a decrease in wheat germ agglutinin receptors. These data show that changes in the monkey sperm plasma membrane during epididymal maturation occur in the distal corpus of the epididymis. PMID- 6547031 TI - Platelet-activating factor raises airway and vascular pressures and induces edema in lungs perfused with platelet-free solution. AB - The effects of synthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF) on guinea pig lung were examined in isolated lungs perfused with platelet-free Krebs-Ringer solution. When PAF (1 microgram) was injected into the pulmonary artery (PA), it markedly increased airway pressure (maximal increase, 84.7%) and moderately raised PA pressure (maximal increase, 22.8%). The same dose also provoked a massive (29 fold) release of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), the stable metabolite of TXA2, into the perfusate, beginning before the increases in airway and PA pressures. The concentration of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, also increased (to 5 times control levels) about 70 s after peak release of TXB2. Indomethacin completely blocked TXB2 release, reduced the magnitude of airway pressure increase by 79%, and shortened its duration, as well as the duration of the PA pressure rise. Larger concentrations of PAF (3 and 10 micrograms) produced even greater increments in airway and PA pressures, but these were only moderately attenuated by indomethacin. Also, PAF increased extravascular lung water, as evidenced by increases in wet/dry lung weight and lung/body weight ratios. In a concentration of 0.1 microgram, PAF had no effects on airway or PA pressures, nor did it stimulate TXB2 or 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release. Lyso-PAF was similarly ineffective. We conclude that PAF induces airway constriction, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary edema in guinea pig lung independently of platelets. These effects are associated with stimulated synthesis of TXA2, but the mechanisms of their production remain to be determined. PMID- 6547032 TI - Methylprednisolone increases the toxicity of oxygen in adult mice. Mechanical and biochemical effects on the surfactant system. AB - Because previous studies have suggested that some of the toxic effects of oxygen may result from impaired surfactant phospholipid metabolism, we examined the effects of methylprednisolone on the surfactant system in adult mice exposed to greater than 98% O2. Mice pretreated for 7 days with methylprednisolone, 10 mg/kg/day, had a significantly greater mortality in hyperoxia than saline pretreated, oxygen-exposed control mice. Their bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contained significantly less desaturated phospholipid, and static pressure-volume curves with air and saline showed decreased lung compliance caused by stiffness of the surface layer. The synthesis of desaturated phospholipids by lung slices in vitro was markedly impaired by the first day of hyperoxia, although in the absence of hyperoxia, it was mildly increased. The increased inhibition of phospholipid synthesis in steroid-treated mice was present even when mice were first given steroids on the day of entry into hyperoxia. These results suggest that methylprednisolone has an unfavorable effect on the surfactant system in oxygen toxicity by accentuating the inhibition of phospholipid synthesis. The possibility that these results could have been due to infection promoted by steroid treatment was considered. No cultural, histologic, or serologic evidence in support of this possibility was found, although infection cannot be conclusively excluded. PMID- 6547033 TI - Choice of therapy in young adults with hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease. A brief, case-directed poll of fifty-four thyroidologists. AB - We asked 54 thyroidologists how they would treat each of four patients having moderate hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease and a thyroid gland weighing 70 g (three to four times normal). For a 19-year-old woman, 67% of thyroidologists recommended an initial course of therapy with antithyroid drugs, usually for 1 year; 24% favored radioiodine treatments; and 9%, surgery. Choices for treating a 19-year-old man were similar. For a 29-year-old man, 44% of thyroidologists preferred drug therapy; 50%, radioiodine; and 6%, surgery. For a 29-year-old woman, choices were similar to those for the 29-year-old man, except for a slight preference for drugs over radioiodine. If hyperthyroidism recurred after a first course of antithyroid drugs, the consultants favored radioiodine treatments and surgery about equally, except in the 29-year-old man, in whom radioiodine was preferred. This survey shows considerable variation among experts in treating hyperthyroidism in young adults. PMID- 6547034 TI - Lymphadenopathy in a hemophiliac patient and his sexual partner. PMID- 6547035 TI - Hypercalcemia, Hodgkin's disease, and calcitriol. PMID- 6547036 TI - Orbital dissection defatting technique for Graves disease. AB - Five patients with Graves disease and bilateral proptosis were treated with different incisional approaches. They all underwent orbital decompression by removal of the anterior medial orbital walls, the anterior ethmoidal sinuses, the orbital floors, and multiple incisions of the orbital periosteums . The defatting technique, which consists of applying manual anterior orbital pressure with alternate removing of small lobules of fat, was added when it was intraoperatively decided by Hertel exophthalmometer measurement that more decompression was needed. It is estimated that one-third more reduction in proptosis resulted. An average total decrease in proptosis of 9 mm per orbit occurred. Both visual accuities and visual fields returned to normal. The only important complication was the development of hypertropia in down gaze in one patient. A potential value of this technique is its use with orbital floor decompression alone. It may be possible to avoid removing the medial and lateral walls of the orbit, thereby decreasing complications. Defatting may also be a valuable addition in those rare cases where all decompression techniques available are needed to affect an adequate decompression. PMID- 6547037 TI - [Spermiogenesis and the function of the vaginal sac in Ichthyocephalus anadenoboli. n. sp. (Rhigonematidae; Nematoda), a parasite of Anadenobolus politus (Porat) (Rhinocricidae; Diplopoda) in Guadeloupe]. AB - Ichthyocephalus anadenoboli n. sp. ( Rhigonematidae ; Nematoda) from Anadenobolus politus ( Porat ) ( Rhinocricidae ; Diplopoda ) from Guadeloupe is described. The new species most closely resembles I. egleri since both sexes are of approximately the same size and the spicules are markedly unequal; it is distinguished in having a much longer right spicule, by the form of the extremity of the left spicule and by the presence of a vaginal sac opening into the vagina at its junction with the uteri. In addition certain aspects of spermiogenesis in the new species are studied. Maturation of spermatids occurs in two phases, one in the testis and seminal receptacle of males, the second in the vaginal sac in females. The second phase involves profound changes in form as well as nuclear transformation. It is suggested that the vaginal sac observed in certain species of Rhigonema as well as the " bourse copulatrice " of certain Tetrameres spp. and Maupasina weissi , like that of Ichthyocephalus anadenoboli , are specialized to accommodate the final stages of spermiogenesis. PMID- 6547038 TI - Percutaneous cholecystography in children. PMID- 6547039 TI - The regulation of preimaginal populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) on the Kenya coast. II. Food as a main regulatory factor. AB - Experiments were carried out in a village on the Kenya coast to investigate observed differences in pupal productivity of Aedes aegypti breeding in indoor pots. Daily addition of maize gruel, the staple food of villagers, to pots of high and low mosquito production promoted an increase of pupal numbers, although daily introduction of first-instar larvae did not significantly affect pupal production. Differences in pupal productivity were not related to differences in the numbers of eggs laid in the pots. Predation and overcrowding did not seem important in regulating the preimaginal stages. It was concluded that food, especially maize gruel accidentally introduced into the pots by villagers, was the key factor which regulated population size. As numbers of eggs are always considerable, genetic control of Ae. aegypti can be successful only when it reduces egg hatchability to a very low level. The prospects of controlling Ae. aegypti by means of health education and/or environmental management are discussed. PMID- 6547040 TI - Retinopathy of prematurity: vitamin E. PMID- 6547041 TI - Comparative physiologic performance of polymethyl methacrylate and gas-permeable contact lenses. AB - A short-term study of the physiologic response of the cornea to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) contact lenses and hard, gas-permeable contact lenses of different materials (polycon and Menicon 02), thicknesses, and fittings, was carried out on nine unadapted subjects using one eye as the experimental eye and the other as the control eye (no lens). Changes in corneal thickness were monitored at seven locations across the cornea using an electronic micropachymeter. It was found that gas-permeable lenses produced less corneal swelling than the PMMA lenses. However, lens thickness and the fit of the lens were still important control variables with these gas-permeable lenses. The thin gas-permeable lens produced less swelling than thicker lenses, and the flatter fitting gas-permeable lenses produced less swelling than the steeper fitting lenses. The swelling with all the hard lenses studied was confined primarily to the central 6 mm of the cornea. PMID- 6547042 TI - Actin affinity chromatography in the purification of human, avian and other mammalian plasma proteins binding vitamin D and its metabolites (Gc globulins). AB - The human plasma protein binding vitamin D and its metabolites (Gc globulin; group-specific component) has been isolated from human plasma by column affinity chromatography on gels to which monomeric actin was covalently attached. Rabbit skeletal-muscle G-actin was covalently coupled to amino-agarose gels before the application of human plasma. At actin/protein molar ratios of 4-8:1, excellent recovery (approximately 58%) of purified binding protein was achieved. After 0.75 M-NaCl washes, the binding protein was eluted from the columns in 3 M-guanidinium chloride, dialysed and analysed. These eluates contained the binding protein as 34-100% of the total protein, reflecting a 130-fold average purification in this single step. In the presence of Ca2+, gelsolin (another plasma protein that binds actin) was apparently retained by the affinity column, but this was prevented by chelation of plasma Ca2+. The actin affinity step also was effective in the isolation of the binding protein from rat, rabbit and chicken plasma, as indicated by autoradiographs of purified fractions analysed by gel electrophoresis after incubation with 25-hydroxy[26,27-3H]cholecalciferol. Further isolation by hydroxyapatite chromatography yielded a purified binding protein which displayed characteristic binding activity toward vitamin D metabolites and G-actin, and retained its physicochemical features. This brief purification sequence is relatively simple and efficient, and should prove to be useful to investigators studying this interesting plasma protein. PMID- 6547043 TI - Construction and characterization of a plasmid containing complementary DNA to mRNA encoding the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the rat glutathione transferase Ya subunit. AB - Free polyribosomal poly(A)-containing RNA isolated from normal rat liver was used to prepare a complementary DNA plasmid library in the Pst1 site of the plasmid pAT153 . A plasmid pGSTr155 complementary to mRNA coding for a glutathione transferase Ya subunit was selected by differential hybridization in situ and preliminary characterization was performed by hybrid-selected mRNA translation, immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the product synthesized in vitro. The nucleotide sequence of the complementary DNA contained within pGSTr155 was determined and shown to contain a single open reading frame corresponding to the first 129 amino acids of the N-terminus of the Ya subunit and a further 63 nucleotides upstream of the initiating methionine codon. PMID- 6547044 TI - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the neonatal rat: effect on plasma lipids and aortic prostaglandin synthesis in adult life. AB - The effect of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in neonatal male rats on plasma lipids and aortic 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) synthesis in adult life was investigated. A reduction (62% of control) in aortic 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was observed only after maturity, at 17, but not 8, weeks of age. In contrast to STZ-induced diabetes in adult rats, who experience marked elevations in both plasma triglyceride (TG) levels (up to 13-fold) and total cholesterol (CH) levels (2-fold), plasma TG levels were never elevated and plasma total CH levels were significantly elevated (37%) only at 17 weeks of age. Thus, the reduction in aortic 6-keto-PGF1 alpha synthesis was dissociated from alterations in plasma TG levels in adult male rats with diabetes of neonatal origin. A significant elevation (0.31 to 0.48) in the proportion of linoleate (a competitive inhibitor of prostacyclin synthesis) to arachidonate in aortic phospholipids was also found. The results suggest that the reduced aortic synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha occurring in diabetic rats was not related to hypertriglyceridemia, but may have been related to hypercholesterolemia or altered ratios of linoleate to arachidonate in aortic phospholipids. PMID- 6547045 TI - [Lipoprotein regulatory effect of molsodomine in rats]. AB - The antianginal drug N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-morpholinosydnonimine (molsidomine, Corvation) was orally administered (dose range 10(-5) - 10 mg/kg) to Wistar rats over 7 d once a day. The concentration of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in serum was decreased (40-45%) by therapeutic relevant dosages of molsidomine corresponding to an increase (80%) of the vasoprotective index high density lipoprotein (HDL)/LDL. HDL-cholesterol stayed unchanged. Clofibrate did not change the concentration of the lipoproteins in rat serum under equimolar conditions. PMID- 6547046 TI - Computer processing of SICD data. PMID- 6547047 TI - Computerized reconstruction of an anatomical structure based on digitized sections. Preliminary study. AB - The authors propose a technique of spatial reconstruction of serial sections using the modern methods of computer graphics. The technical problems encountered and the duration of the classical Born method render the proposed technique difficult to apply as a routine procedure. The results of this work show that computer assisted image reconstruction could be used in daily routine work only when appropriate software programs and sufficient memory capacity become available to allow rapid image restitution. With the technique described in this paper, the reconstruction and display of a single image require 7 to 8 h of computer time. PMID- 6547048 TI - Infusion of atracurium for long surgical procedures. AB - A continuous infusion of atracurium , at an average rate of 0.0061 +/- 0.0003 mg kg-1 min-1 for 128-233 min, to 12 anaesthetized patients undergoing prolonged surgical procedures, provided readily controllable neuromuscular blockade, and good operating conditions. When the infusion was discontinued, full spontaneous recovery from 90-100% blockade in a mean time of 42.2 +/- 3.1 min was as prompt as that after bolus administration of the drug. There was no evidence of recurarization . Induced reversal with neostigmine, preceded by atropine, shortened the recovery time to a mean of 16.4 +/- 2.2 min. It was concluded that the administration of atracurium by infusion was suitable for long surgical procedures. PMID- 6547049 TI - Mechanism of action of extradural compared with intrathecal opiates. PMID- 6547050 TI - Atracurium v. suxamethonium in a case of organophosphorous poisoning. PMID- 6547052 TI - Isolation and identification of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-24-oxovitamin D3, 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone, and 1 alpha,24(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3: in vivo metabolites of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Three new in vivo metabolites of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were isolated from the serum of dogs given large doses (two doses of 1.5 mg/dog) of 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. The metabolites were isolated and purified by methanol chloroform extraction and a series of chromatographic procedures. By cochromatography on a high-performance liquid chromatograph, ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometry, and specific chemical reactions, the metabolites were identified as 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-24- oxovitamin D3, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone, and 1 alpha,24(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3. According to these procedures, the total amounts of the isolated metabolites were as follows: 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 23.6 micrograms; 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-24- oxovitamin D3, 1.8 micrograms; 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone, 9.2 micrograms; 1 alpha,24(R),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, 15.4 micrograms; 1 alpha,24(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, 1.0 microgram. With recovery corrections, the serum levels of each metabolite were approximately 49 ng/mL for 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3, 3.7 ng/mL for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxy-24- oxovitamin D3, 19 ng/mL for 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone, 32 ng/mL for 1 alpha,24(R),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, and 2.1 ng/mL for 1 alpha,24(S),25 trihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6547051 TI - Radiation sensitization and chemopotentiation: RSU 1069, a compound more efficient than misonidazole in vitro and in vivo. AB - Electron affinity as measured by the one-electron reduction potential, E17, is the major factor influencing radiosensitizing efficiency in vitro. RSU 1069 has an electron affinity (E17 = -398 mV) similar to misonidazole; however, the ability of this compound to sensitize hypoxic cells is considerably greater than that of misonidazole, e.g. 0.2 mM RSU 1069 gives an enhancement ratio of 2.2 compared to 1.5 for the same concentration of misonidazole. Radiosensitization studies with the MT tumour in vivo also showed RSU 1069 to be a more efficient sensitizer than misonidazole. An administered dose of only 0.08 mg g-1 RSU 1069 yielded an enhancement of 1.8 to 1.9 using tumour cell survival and tumour cure as end-points. The ability of RSU 1069 to potentiate the cytotoxic action of melphalan towards the MT tumour was also examined. RSU 1069 (0.08 mg g-1) given to mice 1 h before melphalan resulted in an enhancement of 3.0. In contrast, previous studies had shown with a series of nitroimidazoles including misonidazole that Ro 03-8799 was the most effective potentiating agent, but this only gave an enhancement of 2.3 at a 10-fold higher dose than RSU 1069. RSU 1069 is a compound of substantial promise both as a radiosensitizer and chemopotentiating agent and warrants further investigation. PMID- 6547053 TI - Synthesis and biologic activity of a C-ring analogue of vitamin D3: biologic and protein binding properties of 11 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The influence of C-ring substituents on the biologic activity and protein binding properties of vitamin D3 has not been systematically investigated. To this end, we dehydrogenated cholesta-5,7-dien-3 beta-ol (1) to the 5,7,9(11)-triene. After protection of the 5,7-diene with a 4-phenyl-1,2,4- triazoline -3,5-dione Diels Alder adduct, oxidation of the unprotected 9(11)-olefin gave epoxide 5. Reverse Diels -Alder and reductive ring opening of epoxide 5 gave cholesta-5,7-diene-3 beta, 11 alpha-diol (6). Photolysis of 6 to the previtamin followed by thermal rearrangement resulted in 11 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 (8). We found that vitamin 8 increased calcium transport at a dose of 500 pmol/rat but failed to increase bone calcium mobilization at a dose as high as 50 000 pmol/rat. Under the same conditions, corresponding doses of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 increased bone calcium mobilization and intestinal calcium transport. The new vitamin analogue, 8, was slightly less efficient (B-50 = 6.8 X 10(-8) M) than 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, 24(R),25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and 25-(S), 26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (7.1 X 10(-9) M, 7.7 X 10(-9) M, and 7.9 X 10(-9) M, respectively) in displacing radiolabeled 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 from rat plasma vitamin D binding protein. On the other hand, vitamin analogue 8 showed significantly greater binding efficiency than 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and vitamin D3 (B-50 = 2.5 X 10(-6) M, 9.84 X 10(-8) M, and 5.46 X 10(-7) M, respectively), under these same conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547054 TI - Inhibition of carboxypeptidase A by aldehyde and ketone substrate analogues. AB - DL-2-Benzyl-3- formylpropanoic acid ( XIVb ) is a competitive inhibitor of carboxypeptidase A with an apparent Ki of 0.48 microM at pH 7.5 in 50 mM Tris buffer-0.5 M in sodium chloride with O-(trans-p- chlorocinnamoyl )-L-beta phenyllactate as substrate. At pH 7.5 in deuterium oxide, DL-2-benzyl-3- formylpropanoic acid exists as an equilibrium mixture of 75% free aldehyde and 25% hydrated aldehyde. The species that binds to the enzyme may be either the free aldehyde or the hydrate. Therefore, the Ki of the species bound is significantly less than the observed Ki of 0.48 microM. The alcohol and dioxolane analogues of this aldehyde, DL-2-benzyl-4-hydroxybutanoic acid (XI) and 2-benzyl 4,4-(ethylenedioxy)butanoic acid ( XXVII ), are only weak inhibitors with Ki's of 0.54 mM and 2 mM, respectively. The ketone, (+/-)-3-(p- methoxybenzoyl )-2- benzylpropanoic acid [(+/-)-I; Sugimoto , T., & Kaiser, E. T. (1978) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 7750-7751], was found to have a Ki of 180 microM, experimentally indistinguishable from that of the diastereomeric mixture of its alcohol analogue 2-benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)butanoic acid (III), Ki = 190 microM. The ketone (I) is not detectably hydrated (less than 2%) at pH 7.5 in deuterium oxide. These results suggest that the hydratable aldehyde DL-2-benzyl-3- formylpropanoic acid may mimic an intermediate resembling the transition state for amide hydrolysis by carboxypeptidase A while the nonhydratable ketone does not do so. PMID- 6547055 TI - The incorporation of glycolipids with defined carbohydrate sequence into liposomes and the effects on partition in aqueous two-phase systems. AB - A glycolipid with a defined carbohydrate sequence, derived from the glycoprotein fetuin, has been synthesised and incorporated into liposomes. The effect of the glycolipid on partition of the liposomes in aqueous two-phase systems has been investigated. Incorporation of glycolipid into liposomes changed their partition behaviour in a concentration-dependent manner. The effects on partition of the sequential removal of the terminal carbohydrates were investigated. Partition behaviour appeared to be determined by the net effect of a range of factors including the nature of the terminal carbohydrate, interactions of the lipid region of the glycolipid and possibly carbohydrate chain length. The electrostatic potential difference which can be created between the phases (by the inclusion of certain ions, notably phosphate) appeared to have no detectable effect on partition, even when N-acetylneuraminic acid was present as the terminal carbohydrate of the glycolipid. PMID- 6547056 TI - Interaction of ricin and its constituent polypeptides with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - The interaction of ricin and of its constituent polypeptides, the A- and B-chain, with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) vesicles was investigated. The A- and B-chain were individually associated with DPPC vesicles, although the intact ricin was not associated. The maximum binding and association constants were evaluated to be 154 micrograms per mg of DPPC and Ka = 2.30 X 10(5) M-1 for the A chain, and 87 micrograms per mg of DPPC and Ka = 14.5 X 10(5) M-1 for the B chain, respectively. The A-chain could induce the phase transition release of carboxyfluorescein from DPPC vesicles to a greater extent than the B-chain, whereas the release induced by the intact ricin was negligible. The evidence indicated that the hydrophobic regions on the A-chain and on the B-chain were buried inside when the two chains constituted the intact ricin molecule through one interchain disulfide bond, and that the A-chain caused perturbation of the DPPC bilayer at the phase transition temperature with consequent leakage of carboxyfluorescein. PMID- 6547057 TI - Immunologic response to protein immobilized on the surface of liposomes via covalent azo-bonding. AB - A new method for immobilizing protein on the surface of liposomes is described. Inclusion of N-(p-aminophenyl) stearylamide in the lipid composition of vesicles resulted in liposomes that could be 'activated' by diazotization with NaNO2/HCl, and subsequently coupled with protein. Using this method 39.7 +/- 7.5 micrograms egg albumin/mumol phospholipid has been coupled to multilamellar vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, and N-(p-aminophenyl) stearylamide in a molar ratio of 15:75:1.1. Furthermore, when the immunologic response of mice to egg albumin that was encapsulated in, nonspecifically absorbed, or covalently linked to liposomes was investigated, only the covalent protein-liposome conjugates elicited pronounced and sustained elevations in antibody titers. These results suggest that the immunoadjuvant effects of liposomes can be maximized by covalently linking protein antigens to their surface. PMID- 6547058 TI - Actin genes from the sea star Pisaster ochraceus. AB - Genomic and tube foot cDNA recombinant libraries have been prepared from the sea star Pisaster ochraceus. Three major classes of actin-bearing lambda phage clones have been identified on the basis of restriction enzyme mapping and localization of actin coding regions. There are at most six non-allelic actin genes in the sea star genome. Southern blots of restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA from individual sea stars probed with actin coding sequences indicate extensive polymorphism in actin gene regions. The locations of repetitive sequences within the genomic clones have been mapped. Approx. 1% of cDNA clones prepared from tube foot poly(A) RNA contain actin coding segments. The actin gene(s) from which the tube foot actin transcripts originate have been identified by hybridization with a 460 bp 3' untranslated region from one of the cDNA plasmids. Hybridization of the untranslated region probe with genomic digests demonstrates that there are at least three alleles for the tube foot actin in sea star populations. PMID- 6547059 TI - Enrichment of transcribed and newly replicated DNA in soluble chromatin released from nuclei by mild micrococcal nuclease digestion. AB - A chromatin fraction solubilized from mouse myeloma nuclei under near physiological ionic conditions by very mild micrococcal nuclease digestion at 0 degrees C is enriched at least 7-fold in DNA complementary to total myeloma polyadenylated mRNA, and 15-fold in DNA originating near the replication fork (labeled within 30 s). Newly replicated DNA recovered in solubilized chromatin after brief labeling was incorporated mainly into particles sedimenting with, or faster than, mononucleosomes. A rapid decrease in enrichment of newly replicated DNA in readily released, soluble chromatin with increasing labeling times indicated that newly replicated chromatin matured within 90 s to a form that was partitioned similarly to bulk chromatin by this fractionation method. Previous studies showed that chromatin readily solubilized from myeloma nuclei is enriched in high-mobility-group (HMG) and other non-histone proteins, RNA and single stranded DNA; and depleted in H1 and 5-methylcytosine, relative to bulk chromatin (Jackson, J.B., Pollock , J.M., Jr., and Rill , R.L. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3739 3748). Mild digestion of chicken erythrocyte nuclei with micrococcal nuclease yielded a soluble chromatin fraction (1-2% of the total DNA) with similar properties. This fraction was enriched at least 6-fold in DNA complementary to chicken globin mRNA, relative to total erythrocyte DNA. PMID- 6547060 TI - Comparison of substrate specificity of myosin kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - A series of synthetic peptides corresponding to the amino-terminal region of chicken gizzard myosin light chain (Mr 20 000) have been tested for their capacity to act as substrates for the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The 18 residue peptide, K6AKTTK11 K12R13PQRATS19NVFS , was stoichiometrically phosphorylated on serine-19 by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. This is the same residue phosphorylated by the myosin light chain kinase. The cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated this peptide with an apparent Km of 120 microM and Vmax of 0.29 mumol . min .-1 mg-1. The Km is 17-fold higher and the Vmax 10-fold lower than the corresponding values obtained with this peptide as substrate for the myosin light chain kinase. The kinetics of phosphorylation of shortened peptides corresponding to this 18-residue sequence together with those of another related sequence, RPQRAKAKTTKATSNVFS , indicated that the myosin light chain kinase had a relatively stronger dependence on lysine residues, whereas the cAMP dependent protein kinase depends more on arginine residues. Although both the cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the myosin light chain kinase phosphorylate the same serine in the myosin light chain peptides, these enzymes are influenced by different nearby basic residues. PMID- 6547061 TI - Functional properties of factor Va subunits after proteolytic alterations by activated protein C. AB - The two-subunit structure of the factor Va molecule is essential to its function in the prothrombinase complex. In the presence of phospholipids, the cleavage of the light chain of bovine factor Va by activated protein C proceeded at the same rate as the cleavage of the heavy chain. The limited proteolysis of factor Va is accompanied by a parallel loss of factor Va activity. Evidence that loss of activity was solely the result of the cleavage of the heavy chain, was obtained from reconstitution experiments utilizing cleaved and intact chains. The pseudo first-order rate constant of factor Va inactivation by activated protein C was found to be dependent on the amount of phospholipid-bound activated protein C and not on the amount of phospholipid-bound factor Va. However, phospholipids enhance the rate of proteolysis of the phospholipid-binding subunit, i.e. the light chain, and not the cleavage of the heavy chain. Cleavage of the heavy chain and as a consequence the inactivation of factor Va by activated protein C is mediated by phospholipid-bound light chain. After cleavage of the light chain, the 'two subunit' structure, as well as the phospholipid-binding properties of factor Va were found to be conserved. PMID- 6547062 TI - The optokinetic reflex in the cat: modeling and computer simulation. AB - After a brief comparative review of the dynamic characteristics of the optokinetic reflex ( OKR ) in different species and after a brief description of the main anatomical structures involved in this reflex, a mathematical model of the OKR in the cat is presented. The experimental results obtained by Godaux and Vanderkelen (1984) in the normal and in the totally cerebellectomized cat were used to validate the model and to obtain an estimation of its parameters. PMID- 6547063 TI - Sodium cholate interactions with rabbit's pulmonary surfactant. AB - In order to assay the possibility that sodium cholate interacts with pulmonary surfactant, we obtained bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from lungs of adult rabbits and measured the hysteresis area of surface tension-area loops of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in a Wilhelmy surface tension balance, before and after the addition of sodium cholate to reach different concentrations. We observed a biphasic behavior: at a low concentration of sodium cholate (1.5 x 10(5) mol/l; n = 6) the hysteresis area increased (p less than 0.05) as compared to its control (initial) area, meanwhile at a higher concentration (5 x 10(-5) mol/l; n = 6) the hysteresis area decreased (p less than 0.025), revealing a likely interaction of sodium cholate with pulmonary surfactant. We conclude that sodium cholate is able to interact in vitro with lung surfactant. PMID- 6547064 TI - Surface potential on purple membranes and its sidedness studied by a resonance Raman dye probe. AB - A new technique for the measurement of membrane surface potential is proposed and demonstrated. The method is based on the fact that a positively charged styryl dye molecule aggregates when present at high concentration in the Debye layer near a membrane bearing a negative surface potential. The dye in its aggregated form exhibits marked differences in its resonance Raman spectrum relative to the free dye molecules. This method was used to study the potential on the surfaces of the purple membrane that contains the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. A value of 29.5 mV was found for membranes with bacteriorhodopsin in its relaxed, light adapted state, and the potential decreased to -34.5 mV when most of the bacteriorhodopsin was converted to the M412 intermediate. Because the dye probe does not diffuse through the lipid bilayer, it can be used to probe the potential on the external or internal surface of a vesicle. Thus, we found that the potential on the purple membrane was asymmetric and was localized mainly on the surface that faces the cytoplasm in the cell. PMID- 6547065 TI - The identification of C-18 neutral steroids in normal stallion urine. AB - As part of a continuing research program associated with the detection of anabolic steroid residues in horse urine, normal samples from entire male horses have now been investigated. Isomers of three C-18 neutral steroids; 4-estren-17 ol-3-one (1), estrane-3,17-diol (2) and an unsaturated estranediol having a possible structure (3), have been identified in urine samples from two male horses aged 8 and 14 years. Of these three steroids, compound (2) was not detected in the urine of a 2.5 yr old entire male nor in the majority of post race urine samples from entire male horses average age 3.8 yrs (n = 34). Ten of these samples showed tentative indications of this compound. Although the isolation of isomers of estrane-3,17-diol from human non-pregnancy urine has been reported previously, analysis of non-pregnancy urine samples in the present study did not reveal the presence of these compounds. PMID- 6547066 TI - Mode of organization of lipid aggregates: a conformational analysis. AB - A computational approach is used to predict the mode of organization of lipid molecules. The calculated aggregate states are fully compatible with the lipid phase preference: bilayers for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, micelles for palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine, and inverted structures for protonated dioleoylphosphatidic acid. The minimal conformational energy of the isolated molecule is calculated as the sum of the contributions resulting from the Van der Waals interactions, the torsional potentials, the electrostatic interactions, and the transfer energy. Assembly of these structures in monolayers yields the most probable modes of organization of lipids. The described method may represent a useful tool to predict the phase preference of lipids and to give a molecular description of their mode of association. PMID- 6547067 TI - Cardioprotective actions of pentoxifylline in an animal model of acute myocardial ischaemia. AB - The action of pentoxifylline on some of the consequences of acute myocardial ischaemia was studied in cats in vivo. Occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) for 5 h resulted in a significant elevation in the ST segment of the ECG, a reduction in free platelet count in right atrial blood and a loss of creatine phosphokinase (CK) and cathepsin D activities in homogenates of the severely ischaemic myocardium as compared to non-ischaemic myocardium. Intravenous infusions of pentoxifylline (0.30 mg kg-1 min-1 for 1 h and 0.15 mg kg-1 min-1 for the remainder of the 5 h observation period, starting 0.5 h after LAD occlusion) significantly reduced the loss of enzymes from the ischaemic myocardium, prevented any further increase in the ST-segment and restored the platelet count to its control level. There were no significant changes in plasma immunoreactive 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2), although a tendency for a reduction in TXB2 levels was observed. Pentoxifylline seems to affect, beneficially, the myocardium in this animal model of acute myocardial ischaemia. The reason for this cardioprotective action remains to be elucidated. It is, however, noteworthy that the overall profile of action of pentoxifylline resembles that of PGI2 administration in this model. PMID- 6547068 TI - The effects of timolol on arrhythmias and prostanoid release during canine myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. AB - Timolol (50 micrograms kg-1), administered intravenously to chloralose anaesthetized open-chest greyhounds 30 min prior to occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, reduced heart rate and mean arterial blood pressure. This dose caused a 20 fold increase in the dose of isoprenaline required to increase heart rate by 25 beats min-1. During the first 30 min of myocardial ischaemia the number of extrasystoles in the timolol-treated dogs (327 +/- 179) was less than in the control group (888 +/- 168) and none of the dogs that received timolol fibrillated. The haemodynamic changes induced by coronary artery occlusion (decreased cardiac output and stroke volume, increased peripheral vascular resistance) were similar in both control and timolol-treated dogs as were the increases in PCO2 and decreases in PO2 and pH in blood draining from the ischaemic myocardium. Timolol did not alter the release during myocardial ischaemia, of either thromboxane B2 or prostacyclin (measured as 6 keto PGF1 alpha). Reperfusion-induced ventricular fibrillation occurred in 7 out of 8 control dogs and in 5 out of 10 timolol-treated dogs. The overall survival following occlusion and reperfusion was improved by 10% to 50% by timolol. PMID- 6547069 TI - Hypomagnesaemia after small bowel resection: treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D metabolites. AB - Seven patients with severe neuromuscular symptoms due to hypomagnesaemia together with hypocalcaemia following extensive resection of the small bowel were treated orally with 1 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D and magnesium oxide. There was a rapid response in both plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations. The mean plasma magnesium rose from 0.24 to 0.45 mmol/l with the vitamin D metabolites alone and to 0.81 mmol/l when magnesium oxide was added. The plasma calcium rose from 1.78 to 2.21 mmol/l on vitamin D alone and then remained within the normal range. This was accompanied by a rapid resolution of the neuromuscular symptoms. Such oral treatment is both acceptable to the patient and effective both for acute symptoms and in the long term to maintain plasma magnesium concentrations. PMID- 6547070 TI - Administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 results in the elevation of hippocampal seizure threshold levels in rats. AB - Electrical stimulation of the dorsal hippocampal formation of the rat was employed to determine the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), the hormonal form of vitamin D, on induced seizure thresholds. Stereotaxic injection of 100 micrograms or 50 micrograms 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in 2 microliter propylene glycol into the hippocampus resulted in a significant elevation in seizure threshold in all animals treated. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced increases were noted within 5-10 min and lasted at least 120-180 min after injection when the experiments were terminated. Intravenous injection of 1,25 (OH)2D3 also resulted in a significant elevation of seizure threshold; however, the increase was transient, lasting only 30 min. This effect was specific since 200 micrograms vitamin D3 or 200 micrograms 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-(OH)D3), injected into the hippocampus, had no effect on seizure threshold levels. This investigation represents the first direct demonstration of a role for 1,25 (OH)2D3 in the regulation of seizure activity and suggests, along with the previously demonstrated presence of immunoreactive vitamin D-dependent calcium binding protein and receptors for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the brain, that the vitamin D endocrine system may play a significant role in the physiological mechanisms underlying convulsive disorders. PMID- 6547071 TI - Characterization of neonatal cardiac myosin heavy chain mRNA and synthesis of complementary DNA. AB - A procedure for the extraction of intact RNA from whole heart tissue using guanidine hydrochloride has been accomplished. Subsequent chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose of the total RNA and translation of the poly(A)+ RNA in a cell-free reticulocyte translation system has shown that the myosin heavy chain mRNA from rat heart tissue was present. The myosin heavy chain mRNA was identified by several criteria: (i) sizing by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, (ii) migration of a polypeptide translation product coincided with a myosin heavy chain marker in one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and (iii) immunoprecipitation of the mRNA translation product with a myosin heavy chain specific antibody. A myosin heavy chain mRNA enriched fraction was used to direct cDNA synthesis in an in vitro system. An optimal condition has been elucidated in which large molecular weight cDNA strands are produced. Evidence is presented here for the production of cDNA strands in excess of 4000 nucleotides which includes the heavy chain myosin in a high potassium--low sodium transcription assay, as revealed by dot blot hybridization with a cDNA clone of the myosin heavy chain. PMID- 6547073 TI - Hodgkin's disease in children. Results of therapy in a mixed group of 178 clinical and pathologically staged patients over 13 years. AB - One hundred seventy-eight previously untreated children with biopsy-proven Hodgkin's disease of clinical Stages I and II were treated and followed between 1965 and 1978. Staging laparotomy was performed in 30 patients. Ninety-four percent of the patients obtained a complete remission; 24 patients have died. The actuarial survival rate for all patients was 90% at 5 years, and 81% at 10 years. The disease-free survival rate was 69% at 5 years, and 65% at 10 years. When nitrogen mustard, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) chemotherapy was added to either extended field or involved field irradiation, the relapse rate was significantly decreased as compared with the protocols without MOPP and prophylactic para-aortic irradiation. The authors believe that surgical staging may not be necessary as splenic involvement may be treated in some patients by MOPP chemotherapy alone or in association with splenic paraaortic radiotherapy. However, the side effects of MOPP need further study by other chemotherapy programs. PMID- 6547072 TI - NHL-3 protocol. Six-drug combination chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) were administered to 73 adults with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Ten cycles of the following drugs were given: intravenous Adriamycin (doxorubicin) (25 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (700 mg/m2) and vincristine (1.5 mg/m2) on day 1; arabinosylcytosine (100 mg/m2) and methotrexate (10 mg/m2) on days 3 to 5; and oral prednisone (60 mg/m2) on days 1 to 5. Radiotherapy was given to resistant or initially bulky disease (2000 rad). Patients were also randomized to receive pseudomonas vaccine or no immunotherapy. Of 61 evaluable patients, 33 (54%) achieved a complete response (CR) and 18 (30%) a partial response (PR). Among 44 evaluable patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL), 22 (50%) had a CR, and 15 (34%) a PR. For 17 evaluable patients with nodular (4) and diffuse (11) mixed and poorly differentiated lymphocytic and diffuse "undifferentiated" (2) lymphomas, CR and PR rates were 65% and 18%, respectively. No statistically significant differences in response rate or duration and survival have been observed between the patients randomized to receive pseudomonas vaccine or no immunotherapy. Median follow-up time from start of treatment was 47.5 months. Median survival for all 73 patients (including inevaluables ) and for 52 DHL patients was 30.7 months. Poor prognostic features influencing survival included: female sex (P = 0.003), poor response to therapy (CR versus PR; P = 0.001), prior chemotherapy, (P = 0.01) and high levels of lactic dehydrogenase (P = 0.001). It can be concluded that this combination of cycle and phase-active agents is of similar efficacy to other reported regimens in inducing major responses and that it has the potential to prolong disease-free survival. The analysis of prognostic factors has been used to dissect poor prognostic categories that might require different modalities of treatment. PMID- 6547074 TI - Biological activity and receptor binding of a strongly interacting estrogen in human breast cancer cells. AB - A substantial proportion of human breast cancers contain estrogen receptors, and it is believed that the growth of some of these tumors and their synthesis of specific proteins are stimulated by estrogens. Since natural estrogens, such as estradiol, react reversibly with estrogen receptors, it was of interest to determine the biological consequences that would result from very strong, possibly irreversible interaction of an estradiol-based ligand with the estrogen receptor of breast cancer cells. For these studies, we have examined the receptor interactions and biological character of 11 beta- chloromethylestradiol (CME) and 11 beta- bromomethylestradiol (BME) as potential estradiol-based affinity labeling ligands in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells which contain high levels of estrogen receptors. The apparent relative binding affinities of CME and BME for MCF-7 estrogen receptor measured by competitive binding assay are 230 and 15%, respectively, whereas the affinity of estradiol is considered 100%. Incubation of receptor preparations from MCF-7 cells or rat uteri with CME at 21 degrees results in a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in receptor content measured by exchange assays with [3H]estradiol. This may be due to covalent attachment of CME to receptor and is termed "inactivation." Inactivation of 80 to 85% of the receptors occurs within 30 min at 21 degrees by exposure to 5 or 20 nM CME, with 2 nM giving 20 to 40% inactivation. This receptor inactivation is prevented by preincubation with 2000 nM estradiol, indicating that the interaction of CME is occurring at the estradiol binding site on the receptor. MCF-7 cells incubated with 20 nM CME show a rapid loss of cytosol receptor sites and no accumulation of receptors detectable by exchange assay in the nucleus, while 20 nM estradiol shows nuclear localization of receptor. BME, in contrast, inactivates only a portion (approximately 40%) of estrogen receptors. CME and BME both behave as estrogen agonists. They stimulate the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and increase cellular progesterone receptor content and plasminogen activator activity. CME is at least as potent as estradiol on a molar basis in increasing all of these activities, while BME shows a biopotency of only 1% of that of estradiol or CME. Hence, although CME reacts very strongly and apparently irreversibly with estrogen receptors in MCF-7 cells, it still behaves as a potent estrogen agonist. PMID- 6547075 TI - Identification of the major adducts formed by reaction of 5-methylchrysene anti dihydrodiol-epoxides with DNA in vitro. AB - 5-Methylchrysene is metabolically converted to the bay-region dihydrodiol epoxides, trans-1,2-dihydroxy-anti-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-5-methylchrysene (DE-I), in which the methyl group and the epoxide ring are in the same bay region, and trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5 methylchrysene (DE-II). Previous studies have indicated that DE-I is more important in 5-methylchrysene carcinogenesis than is DE-II. Both DE-I and DE-II were individually reacted with calf thymus DNA in vitro. The DNA was enzymatically hydrolyzed to deoxyribonucleosides, and the modified deoxyribonucleosides were separated by chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. One major adduct and seven minor adducts were formed from each dihydrodiol-epoxide. The major adduct was, in each case, characterized by its pH-dependent partition coefficient, stability to base, mass spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum as a deoxyguanosine derivative resulting from addition of the exocyclic amino group of deoxyguanosine to the benzylic carbon of the epoxide ring of the dihydrodiol-epoxide. The results of this study show that the major DNA adducts formed from 5-methylchrysene via DE-I and DE-II are structurally similar. PMID- 6547076 TI - A synthesis of psi-cytidine. PMID- 6547077 TI - The formation and biotransformation of cysteine conjugates of halogenated ethylenes by rabbit renal tubules. AB - The nephrotoxicity of chlorotrifluoroethylene ( CTFE ) was examined using isolated rabbit renal tubules suspensions. Exposure of the tubules to CTFE resulted in consumption of CTFE , formation of a glutathione conjugate and inhibition of active organic acid transport. Synthetic cysteine, N-acetylcysteine or glutathione conjugates of CTFE inhibited transport indicating S-conjugation as a possible toxic pathway. 1,2-dichlorovinyl glutathione ( DCVG ), a model synthetic glutathione conjugate, was used to examine the degradation and toxicity of these conjugates. DCVG inhibited rabbit renal tubule transport in vivo and in vitro. The DCVG was found to be degraded with the evolution of glutamine and glycine to produce the ultimate nephro-toxicant, dichlorovinyl cysteine. Dichlorovinyl cysteine is then bioactivated with the release of ammonia. This sequential degradation explains the latency of DCVG -induced renal transport inhibition relative to dichlorovinyl cysteine. It is now evident that certain halogenated ethylenes are capable of being biotransformed to glutathione conjugates in the kidney with their subsequent hydrolysis to nephrotoxic cysteine conjugates. PMID- 6547078 TI - Studies on heart. XXIV. Inhibitory effect of antiarrhythmic peptide (AAP) on experimental thromboses. PMID- 6547079 TI - Mechanics of the TORP/stapes interface. AB - The gain in hearing as a result of ossicular prosthesis ( TORP ) placement on the stapes footplate was evaluated in 10 patients during actual middle ear reconstructive surgery. The patients with radical mastoidectomy cavities were operated on under local anaesthesia and intra-operative hearing was tested with the TORP shaft in three positions with regard to the stapes footplate; anterior, central and posterior. The anterior position of the shaft provided greater hearing improvement than the posterior position, with the central position falling approximately midway. PMID- 6547080 TI - A STOIC-based application language for muscle mechanics research. AB - An application language for the control and analysis of isolated cardiac muscle experiments is described. It is defined using an extensible language, STOIC (derived from FORTH), which consists of a set of basic operations called words. The basic words are readily combined to form higher level words which perform more complex operations. A suitable set of higher level words forms an application language. The resulting language takes full advantage of system hardware capabilities, is easily used by those with little programming experience, and provides flexibility in a research environment where experimental protocols frequently change. PMID- 6547081 TI - A Melanoma Registry based on a computer-run word and data processing system. AB - A Melanoma Register, previously organised on a filing card system, has been largely transferred to a computer which utilises both word and data processing programs. This transfer has revolutionised not only the analytical potential of the material, but the follow up of all patients, both old and new. The system is applicable to many other tumours and diseases. PMID- 6547082 TI - On the identification of verbs in computer programs of physiological models. AB - The rationale for identifying verbs (actions modeled) in the source code of a mathematical model is presented, with algorithms leading to computational techniques for devising explanations of such models. Using flow graph methodology the source code of a program can be described as disjoint intervals of its directed acyclic graph. Intervals of this set containing complete loops represent the code structure conceptually equivalent to verbs modeled. In turn, such structures can be mapped uniquely as functional dependencies of the intensional form of a relational data base which is the model output. Simulation, then, can be viewed as retrieval, and the logical inferences of a model appear to be derivable via relational algebra of the data base. In these terms, a verb is a relation consisting of at least one variable defined in an interval. The relation's key attributes must include at least one variable, also defined in the interval. Verb definitions are essential if programs are to explain themselves. PMID- 6547084 TI - Essentials and guidelines for accreditation of intrastate sponsors of continuing medical education. CSMS Committee on Continuing Medical Education. PMID- 6547083 TI - Automated neuron tracing using the Marr-Hildreth zerocrossing technique. AB - Semiautomatic systems designed to trace neurons in three dimensions are slow and require many hours of work on the part of a human operator to trace even a single neuron completely. Attempts at constructing fully automatic systems have met with only limited success because of the dual problems of slow speed of travel down a fiber and time/space limitations on the intelligence of the program guiding the decision making. A novel approach to automatic tracing has been designed and initial implementation experiments have been carried out. Consideration of the five theoretical issues of edge detection, decision making, accuracy, robustness, and speed has led to the use of the Marr- Hildreth preprocessing filter and to a simple fiber-following algorithm that directly utilizes the output of that filter. Experimental results are encouraging and suggest that the approach is worthy of continued research. PMID- 6547085 TI - Purpuric contact dermatitis. PMID- 6547086 TI - [Adjuvant chemo and hormone therapy in breast cancer]. PMID- 6547087 TI - 25-hydroxy- and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Maternal-fetal relationship and the transfer of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 across the placenta in an ovine model. AB - Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in chronically catheterized fetal and maternal sheep preparations and transfer of 3H-1,25-(OH)2 D3 from the fetus to mother and vice versa were studied. We tested the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2-D does not cross the placenta in either direction. While the fetal plasma 25-(OH)-D concentration was lower than the corresponding maternal values (n = 9, p less than 0.02), the fetal 1,25-(OH)2-D concentration was higher than the mother's (n = 9, p less than 0.02). 3H-1,25-(OH)2-D3 crossed the placenta from the fetus to the mother (n = 4) and vice versa (n = 4). We speculate, therefore, that maternal vitamin D metabolism may be affected by fetal vitamin D metabolism through the transplacental crossover of its highly active metabolite. PMID- 6547088 TI - Characterization of a cDNA clone for mouse phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P 450b. AB - p40, a mouse 1040-nucleotide cDNA clone encoding a form of phenobarbital inducible cytochrome P-450b, was selected by probing a cDNA library derived from phenobarbital-treated DBA/2N mouse liver with a rat 1830-nucleotide cDNA probe complementary to P-450b mRNA. When rat and mouse liver poly(A)+-enriched total RNAs are probed with p40, control rat P-450b mRNA levels are at least three times as much as control mouse P-450b levels. A 15-fold increase in rat 19S mRNA and only a 3-fold increase in the corresponding mouse 19S mRNA are found following phenobarbital treatment. An intranuclear 4800-nucleotide mRNA precursor is also detectable during the induction process with phenobarbital. Clofibrate, a hypolipidemic drug, is a potent inducer of P-450. There is no cross-hybridization between clofibrate-induced mRNA and either mouse P-450b cDNA or mouse P1-450 cDNA clones. At the level of hybridization stringency used for the Northern analysis, there is no cross-hybridization between phenobarbital-induced mouse or rat P-450b and the P1-450 cDNA probe or between 3-methylcholanthrene-induced mouse or rat P1 450 and the P-450b cDNA probe. These data indicate that the induction process by clofibrate involves activation of P-450 gene(s) not present in the multigene families inducible by either phenobarbital or polycyclic aromatic compounds, i.e., at least three sets of P-450 genes operate independently of one another. Two previously reported cDNA clones of phenobarbital-inducible rat P-450, R17 (P- 450e ) and pcP- 450pb4 (P-450b), were compared with mouse p40.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547089 TI - Computerized textbook of clinical pharmacology. PMID- 6547090 TI - [Rational and economic antibiotics therapy in medical practice and outpatient clinics]. PMID- 6547091 TI - Glucocorticoid versus antiglucocorticoid activity: can a single functional group modification of glucocorticoid steroids always convey antiglucocorticoid activity? AB - Single functional group modifications of glucocorticoid steroids have been performed in an effort to obtain antiglucocorticoids with high affinity and specificity for glucocorticoid receptors. This approach tests the hypothesis that the structural determinants of biological activity and receptor binding are independent so that modification of more potent glucocorticoids could yield more potent antiglucocorticoids . In this study, a new functional group capable of conferring antiglucocorticoid activity has been identified, i.e. the spiro C-17 oxetan -3'-one group. Using three glucocorticoids of greatly different potency ( deacylcortivazol greater than dexamethasone greater than cortisol), we examined the effects of incorporation of the oxetanone group and the previously described, alkylating C-21 mesylate group on steroid affinity for receptors and biological activity. In both series of modified steroids, the receptor affinity of the derivatives paralleled that of the parent steroids. The biological activities of the dexamethasone and cortisol derivatives were predominantly or totally antagonistic, while both deacylcortivazol derivatives were full agonists. We conclude that antiglucocorticoid activity can arise from the incorporation of a single functional group into glucocorticoid steroid structures, but that the expression of agonist vs. antagonist activity is determined by a balance of structural group determinants which are not restricted to a common region of the steroid. Within a given class of derivatives, receptor affinity correlated with the amount of agonist activity. The structure-activity relationships for dexamethasone oxetanone and deacylcortivazol mesylate were studied in detail. Dexamethasone oxetanone is a potent antiglucocorticoid in HTC cells. [3H]Dexamethasone oxetanone binds to cell-free glucocorticoid receptors with a Kd of 3.2 X 10(-8) M. No specific antiglucocorticoid binder was detected. Direct binding experiments with [3H]dexamethasone oxetanone as well as indirect studies of the kinetics of cell-free competition of [3H]dexamethasone binding demonstrated that dexamethasone oxetanone binds to receptors faster (by about a factor of 2) and dissociates from receptors much faster than does dexamethasone. Deacylcortivazol mesylate was a more potent agonist and binder to receptors than dexamethasone, but displayed no irreversible interactions with HTC cell receptors under those conditions that afforded a covalent receptor-steroid complex with the closely related dexamethasone mesylate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6547092 TI - Biosynthesis of a disialylated sequence in N-linked oligosaccharides: identification of an N-acetylglucosaminide (alpha 2----6)-sialyltransferase in Golgi apparatus from rat liver. AB - Rat liver Golgi apparatus are shown to have a CMP-N-acetylneuraminate: N acetylglucosaminide (alpha 2----6)-sialyltransferase which catalyzes the conversion of the human milk oligosaccharide LS-tetrasaccharide-a (NeuAc alpha 2- --3Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4Glc) to disialyllacto -N- tetraose containing the terminal sequence: (formula: see text) found in N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. The N-acetylglucosaminide (alpha 2----6) sialyltransferase has a marked preference for the sequence NeuAc alpha 2----3-Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc as an acceptor substrate. Thus, the order of addition of the two sialic acids in the disialylated structure shown above is proposed to be first the terminal sialic acid in the NeuAc alpha 2----3Gal linkage followed by the internal sialic acid in the NeuAc alpha 2---- 6GlcNAc linkage. Sialylation in vitro of the type 1 branches (Gal beta 1---- 3GlcNAc -) of the N-linked oligosaccharides of asialo prothrombin to produce the same disialylated sequence is also demonstrated. PMID- 6547093 TI - A simplified estimate of the ion-activity product of calcium phosphate in urine. AB - A computerized program was used to calculate the activities of the calcium, phosphate, and hydrogen phosphate ions. The most important determinants for ion activity products of calcium phosphate and brushite were calcium, phosphate, citrate, urine volume, and pH. These urine variables were used to derive indices corresponding to ion-activity products of calcium phosphate (AP[CaP] index) and calcium hydrogen phosphate (AP[Bru] index). Factors were given to adapt these indices to collection periods shorter than 24 h. Relationships between the AP(CaP) index and ion-activity products of hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate were also formulated. With urine electrolytes within the normal range a very good correlation was obtained between these indices and corresponding ion activity products. The coefficient of correlation was better than 0.99. The presented indices might be useful in the evaluation of patients with renal calcium stone formation. PMID- 6547094 TI - Investigation of the venoconstrictor effect of 8' hydroxydihydroergotamine, the main metabolite of dihydroergotamine, in man. AB - The time course of the venoconstrictor effect of dihydroergotamine and its main metabolite 8' hydroxy-dihydroergotamine was investigated in a placebo-controlled study in seven healthy male volunteers, after direct local infusion of 0.08 and 0.4 micrograms into superficial hand veins. Both dihydroergotamine and 8' hydroxy dihydroergotamine elicited a similar, marked venoconstrictor effect. The time course of the venoconstrictor action was similar for both compounds; about one third of the effect was present at the end of the infusion, which lasted for 10 min, and it took about a further 20 min for the effect to reach its maximum. The effect then remained fairly constant for the rest of the period of observation of 180 min from the start of the infusion. The data indicate that the pharmacological activity of oral dihydroergotamine is due not only to the unchanged drug but also to its main metabolite, 8' hydroxy-dihydroergotamine, which occurs in plasma in concentrations about 5-7 times higher than those of dihydroergotamine itself. The absolute bioavailability of unchanged dihydroergotamine, therefore, does not reflect the markedly higher bioavailability of pharmacologically active drug. PMID- 6547095 TI - HN glycoprotein of HVJ (Sendai virus) enhances the selective cytotoxicity of diphtheria toxin fragment A-containing liposomes on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus-infected cells. AB - Fragment A of diphtheria toxin-containing liposomes (naked liposomes) selectively kill subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus-infected cells (SSPE cells) (Exp cell res 132 (1981) 259) [10]. Fragment A-containing liposomes associated with either hemagglutinating and neuraminidase (HN) or fusion (F) glycoprotein of HVJ (Sendai virus) were prepared. These liposomes did not kill normal cultured cells. Fragment A-containing liposomes associated with HN protein were much more cytotoxic than naked liposomes containing fragment A to SSPE cells. Their cytotoxicity to the SSPE cells was influenced by the duration of incubation and the amount of HN protein. Fragment A-containing liposomes associated with F protein had about the same cytotoxicity on SSPE cells as had naked liposomes containing fragment A. Fragment A-containing liposomes associated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were also prepared, but these also had the same toxicity as naked liposomes containing fragment A. The effects of monoclonal antibodies against HN protein on the cytotoxicity on SSPE cells of fragment A-containing liposomes associated with HN were studied. The significance of these results with regard to the actions of HN protein and possible reasons for the selective killing of SSPE cells are discussed. PMID- 6547096 TI - Comparison of CFU-GM response to piperazinedione versus cyclophosphamide in normal mice. AB - The effects of cyclophosphamide and piperazinedione on marrow granulocyte macrophage precursor (CFU-GM) cells were compared in a mouse model. Endogenous colony-forming unit ( ECFU -S) assays after drug exposure were utilized in selecting doses of the two drugs with approximately equal hematopoietic stem cell ablative potential. The selected doses were 20 mg/kg of piperazinedione and 325 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. Injection of these doses resulted in an initial (3-h) marrow CFU-GM depression of 90% in the cyclophosphamide-treated mice and 98% in the piperazinedione-treated mice. Recovery began within 6-24 h and proceeded in a similar fashion for both groups of animals, peaking at levels near normal control values for CFU-GM at three days after exposure. Both groups showed a subsequent decline to a second nadir at nine days followed by a second recovery toward normal levels. The data suggest that the two drugs affect the CFU-GM in a similar fashion. PMID- 6547097 TI - A spontaneous transplantable lymphosarcoma of the Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): Experimental induction of metastases after subcutaneous and intravenous inoculation. AB - A spontaneously occurring lymphosarcoma of the Syrian golden hamster was both subcutaneously and intravenously inoculated into 300 female and male animals each. Tumor growth was observed at a 100% rate. Using both types of inoculations, metastases occurred in 50% of the inoculated animals, preferentially in lungs, liver, pancreatic lymph nodes, spleen and kidney. The participation of different lymph node groups was more frequent after subcutaneous application. The transplantable tumor described might serve as a mode for additional studies on experimentally induced metastasis. PMID- 6547098 TI - Trinitrotoluene-induced effects on rat heme metabolism. AB - A single injection (100 mg/kg body wt) of trinitrotoluene in rats caused decreased delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity in reticulocytes and decreased erythrocyte coproporphyrin concentration 48 hr after the intraperitoneal dosage. For comparison, liver delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase was unaffected while heme synthase activity was below the control range at the same time. Heme oxygenase activity increased simultaneously. These effects are likely to lead to a negative heme balance and may be developed for a biological exposure test to trinitrotoluene in occupational health service. PMID- 6547099 TI - The calmodulin fraction responsible for contraction in an intestinal smooth muscle. AB - Freeze-dried fibers of smooth muscle from Taenia coli were used to determine the concentration of calmodulin responsible for contraction. About 10% of the total intracellular calmodulin (12.6 mumol/kg wet wt) is directly involved in initiation of smooth muscle contraction. PMID- 6547100 TI - [Surface activity of pulmonary surfactant during papain-induced emphysema]. PMID- 6547102 TI - Tolbutamide stimulates fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate formation in perfused rat liver. AB - Effect of tolbutamide on liver fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-P2) was examined in isolated perfused rat liver in situ with a flow-through method. Tolbutamide (1 mM) gradually increased liver F-2,6-P2 level from 7.4 +/- 1.6 to 21.2 +/- 1.6 pmol/mg wet wt for 20 min perfusion. The increase of liver F-2,6-P2 induced by tolbutamide was dose dependent and was significantly observed at 10 min perfusion. The maximum plateau level of F-2,6-P2 induced by 16.7 mM glucose was further increased with 1 mM tolbutamide. Glucagon (10(-11) M) decreased the elevated level induced by 16.7 mM glucose, but this effect was completely inhibited with 2 mM tolbutamide. Cyclic AMP level of the liver throughout the perfusion with tolbutamide did not change. Carboxytolbutamide or gliclazide perfusion did not change significantly the liver F-2,6-P2 level; however, the results suggest that tolbutamide may increase the liver F-2,6-P2 level by affecting the phosphorylation state of fructose-6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase through cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, resulting in the stimulation of glycolysis and the inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver. Thus, the extrapancreatic action and the mechanism of action of different sulfonylureas may differ. PMID- 6547101 TI - A double-blind controlled evaluation of the nasal decongestant effect of Day Nurse in the common cold. AB - A rhinomanometric technique was used to evaluate the nasal decongestant effect of a single dose of Day Nurse over a 4-hour post-dosing period in human volunteers suffering from nasal congestion due to a common cold. A significant improvement in nasal congestion was obtained at the 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour and 4 hour post dosing interval, from initial values compared to a placebo group. The study therefore demonstrated by an objective technique that Day Nurse provides relief of nasal congestion and related symptoms in cold sufferers. PMID- 6547103 TI - Effect of PAM-2 Cl, HI-6, and HGG-12 in poisoning by tabun and its thiocholine like analog in the rat. AB - It has been shown that HI-6 was the most potent oxime so far known in poisoning by sarin, VX , and soman, but its protective effect in tabun poisoning, allegedly due to poor reactivation of inhibited ChE, was much less pronounced. We have found that the thiocholine-like analog of tabun , O-ethyl, N-N- dimethyamino -S (2-diethylaminoethyl)- thiophosphatemethylsul fomethylate (Ta-S-N+), was very useful in resolving this problem and established the relationship between reactivating and protective effects of PAM-2 Cl, HI-6, and HGG-12 in rats. PAM-2 Cl (protective ratio (PR) = 22.1) and HI-6 (PR = 24.8), combined with atropine, were very effective against Ta-S-N+ poisoning and reactivating inhibited RBC AChE in vitro and rat blood ChE in vivo. The inefficiency of PAM-2 Cl (PR = 1.6) and HI-6 (PR = 2) in tabun poisoning was due to their inadequacy to reactive tabun inhibited ChEs . The protective effects of HGG-12 in tabun (PR = 2.8) and Ta-S-N+ poisoning (PR = 2.6) were low, and in the absence of any reactivation of inhibited ChEs , have been attributed to its direct pharmacological effects, which were much more potent in the comparison with PAM-2 Cl or HI-6. It is concluded that the reactivation of inhibited ChE is of decisive importance in the efficient protection in poisoning by tabun and other known chemical warfare nerve agents, whereas their direct pharmacological effects are of limited value, allowing survival of animals only against a few LD50s . PMID- 6547104 TI - Involvement of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the short- and long-term increase of intestinal calcium absorption in laying hens: stimulation by gonadal hormones is partly independent of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - The short- and long-term effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) and its interactions with sexual steroids on Ca absorption were studied in hens. A single injection of 375 ng 1,25(OH)2D3 did not increase intestinal calcium transport in D-repleted hens within 24 hr of administration. However, five daily injections of 1 alpha-(OH)D3(0.5 micrograms/kg), a low Ca intake, or oestrogen testosterone (O.T) did increase calcium absorption in D-repleted immature pullets (measured by in vivo perfusion), mainly by increasing the diffusional component of Ca transport. O.T. further increased the stimulation by 1 alpha-(OH)D3 of calcium absorption and of duodenal CaBP concentration. At higher doses the stimulation by 1 alpha-(OH)D3 of calcium transport estimated by in situ ligated loop procedure was dose dependent and was not saturable at daily doses of less than 3 micrograms/kg. When Ca transport was stimulated by 2 micrograms/kg of 1 alpha-(OH)D3, an additional effect of O.T. was observed again without any increase in plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3. Both oestrogen and testosterone were necessary for this effect on Ca transport. This is evidence for an indirect effect on Ca transport, as both steroids are also necessary to induce medullary bone. It is concluded that O.T. increased intestinal absorption of calcium, first by stimulating 25(OH)D3 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity but also by another mechanism which is independent of 1,25(OH)2D3 metabolism. PMID- 6547105 TI - Knobbly, a new dominant mutation in the mouse that affects embryonic ectoderm organization. PMID- 6547106 TI - Impact of intermittent prolonged asphyxia in rat sucklings on growth and development. AB - Each of four litters of newborn rats was categorized first by sex and then within each litter, each sex-specific group was randomized into three treatment groups: an experimental (asphyxiated on 4 consecutive days from birth), a partial control (asphyxiated once on the fourth day of life), and a control group (never asphyxiated). Asphyxiation was carried out by enclosing pups individually in air tight fixed volume jars until they attained 30 second apnea. Weight and physical and reflex development of the rat pups were assessed daily. The data was analyzed by using ANOVA and ANCOVA to adjust for birth weight. PMID- 6547107 TI - [Mycotic aneurysm of the carotid artery complicating deep neck infection]. PMID- 6547108 TI - [Retinopathy of prematurity--updated]. PMID- 6547109 TI - Biostatistical parameters of paternity and calculation by a computer programme. AB - Biostatistical Parameters such as the paternal markers in the child (PM), individual exclusion change (IEC) probability of incidental involvement (Z), probability of paternity (POP), plausibility of paternity according to Essen-M oller ( PLEM ) and paternity index (PI) are defined and discussed in respect to their application in cases of disputed paternity. In order to calculate these parameters for up to 24 marker systems, including HLA under strict observation of the linkage disequilibrium, a computer programme in BASIC has been developed. PMID- 6547110 TI - Development of individual insulin infusion profiles for open loop infusion systems. AB - A computer controlled syringe-type insulin infusion pump storing up to 254 different infusion rates, eight different meal programs and two different basal rates automatically changeable during 24 h in EPROM was used for insulin infusion applying a wavy step profile. This profile approaching the physiological postprandial insulin secretion of the B-cell was calculated by an algorithm following the biphasic insulin secretion model proposed by E. Cerasi . The computer program for the open loop infusion device simulated the feed-back structure of a closed loop insulin secretion control by an algorithm based upon a theoretical postprandial blood sugar profile. Fifteen unstable juvenile onset insulin requiring diabetics could be well controlled after two to three days of an intravenous open loop insulin infusion program. The programs consisted of two constant basal rates and superimposed wavy step profile programs activated at the beginning of each meal. The preabsorptive bolus or cephalic phase was an additional tool both for improved postprandial blood sugar control and further reduction of insulin consumption. The programmable insulin infusion device proved as a valuable tool for the study of a sophisticated insulin infusion profile suitable as well for open loop as for closed loop insulin infusion systems. PMID- 6547111 TI - Hepatic transport of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in the rat following relief of bile duct obstruction. AB - The effect of bile duct ligation for 5 days on the hepatic transport of sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids was studied. Tracer doses of radioactive bile acids [3H]taurochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate [3H]chenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate, [3H]taurochenodeoxycholic acid and [14C]taurocholic acid were injected 90 min after relief of obstruction when the plasma total bile acid concentration had reverted to normal. Plasma clearance and biliary excretion of sulfated bile acids were lower than those of nonsulfated bile acids, particularly in the cholestatic rats (p less than 0.02). For each bile acid, hepatic transport in the cholestatic rats was significantly reduced compared with the control rats. [3H]Chenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate and [3H]taurochenodeoxycholic acid were partially metabolized to [3H]taurochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate prior to biliary excretion. This data suggests that the hepatic transport system for sulfated bile acids is less efficient and more easily impaired by cholestasis than that for nonsulfated bile acids. PMID- 6547112 TI - Effects of a specific inhibitor of the vascular action of vasopressin in humans. AB - Experimental evidence indicates that arginine vasopressin (AVP) may contribute to the rise of blood pressure (BP) in hypertension induced by renal failure and sodium overload. We studied the AVP inhibitor [1-(B-mercapto-B,B cyclopentamethylenepropionic acid)-2-(O-methyl)tyrosine] AVP in 12 normal and seven hypertensive subjects with end-stage renal disease. To test the agent's capacity to block the pressor action of exogenous AVP In humans, we constructed a dose-response curve with AVP doses of 1 to 20 mU/kg, raising BP by up to 30 mm Hg. Subsequently, five volunteers receive intravenous (i.v.) doses of 0.1 mg, and five volunteers received 0.5 mg of the inhibitor. The dose-response curve was then repeated with AVP doses up to 200 mU/kg. Both doses of the inhibitor shifted the curve to the right and downward, with the BP response to 20 mU/kg AVP being inhibited by 23% and 80% respectively. The duration of action of the compound was tested in two additional subjects, and was found to be over 3 hours. We then tested the compound in seven hypertensive patients with end-stage renal failure. Two days before dialysis, patients received a 150 mEq/day Na diet. After an additional Na load of 180 mEq via i.v. saline over 3 hours under constant BP and ECG monitoring, they received an i.v. bolus of 0.5 mg AVP inhibitor. A moderate BP fall occurred in five patients; it was maximal at 45 to 60 minutes and returned to baseline by 70 to 90 minutes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547114 TI - A free derivative program for non-linear regression analysis of enzyme kinetics to be used on small computers. AB - A non-linear regression program, written in BASIC, is described. The program uses the Marquardt 's algorithm as modified by Reich et al. (Eur. J. Biochem., 26 (1972) pp. 368-379). The user only supplies the expression to fit, since the program uses numerical differentiation. It is possible to fit models of 1 substrate, 2 substrates, 1 substrate and 1 inhibitor, and 2 substrates and 1 inhibitor. Likewise, several weighting patterns, as well as a simple or robust regression, can be selected. PMID- 6547113 TI - Regional sources of free and sulfoconjugated catecholamines in hypertension. AB - To elucidate the sources of free catecholamines (CA) and their sulfates in hyperadrenergic essential hypertensives (EH), their arteriovenous differences were determined radioenzymatically and by sulfatase hydrolysis (with correction for cross-contamination) across several organs and regions in 16 hyperadrenergic essential hypertensive patients. Comparison with arterial concentrations showed that: the adrenal venous outflow contains 240 times more free epinephrine (E), 55 times more free norepinephrine (NE), and 7 times more free dopamine (DA) concentrations, but E, NE, and DA sulfates are not different; free E concentrations are lower in the peripheral venous blood; NE sulfate concentrations are higher in the superior vena cava (p less than 0.05 for all differences noted). The data suggest the following conclusions for hyperadrenergic EH patients: with the exception of NE sulfate added into the superior vena cava region, no other organ or region can be associated with a net DA or NE sulfate release. The proportional adrenal vein concentrations of DA:NE:E are approximately 1:10:50, which are very close to those seen in other studies performed under different degrees of stress. Free E is extracted in peripheral tissues. The DA surges in hyperadrenergic EH patients probably result from the pulsatile, predominantly adrenal, release of free DA. PMID- 6547116 TI - Opiate sensitivity--a case report. PMID- 6547115 TI - Application of N,N-dimethylformamide dineopentyl acetal for efficient anchoring of N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonylamino acids as p-alkoxybenzyl esters in solid-phase peptide synthesis. AB - The attachment of Fmoc-amino acids onto p- alkoxybenzyl alcohol resins via DCC DMAP coupling suffers from two different problems: formation of dimers and racemization. The use of N,N-dimethylformamide dineopentyl acetal for the preparation of Fmoc- aminoacyloxybenzyl handles is the basis of a safe and efficient anchoring method that avoids both problems. PMID- 6547117 TI - Hb Cordele alpha(2)47 (CE5)Asp----Ala beta 2. A mildly unstable variant observed in black twins. AB - Hb Cordele, which has an Asp----Ala substitution at position 47 (CE5) of the alpha chain, was discovered in Black twins living in Cordele, Georgia. The structure of this variant was elucidated through analyses of tryptic peptides of the alpha chain which were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. At birth, Hb Cordele accounted for about 21-23% of total hemoglobin, and for 30.4% in one of the babies at age 3.5 months. Hb Cordele has a normal oxygen affinity, but is mildly unstable at 60 degrees C. Some of its properties have been compared with those of Hb Kokura (alpha 47 Asp----Gly), Hb Hasharon (alpha 47 Asp----His), and Hb Arya (alpha 47 Asp----Asn). Studies on an adult carrier of Hb Cordele were not possible. PMID- 6547118 TI - Preparation and properties of nickel hemoglobin. AB - Hemoglobin A reconstituted with nickel protoporphyrin IX (NiHbA) has been prepared and characterized. Kinetics of its reaction with p-mercuribenzoate and with haptoglobin, absorption and circular dichroism spectra, and x-ray crystallographic properties have been investigated as probes of its structural conformation. The results suggest that NiHbA exists in a structure that is similar to the deoxy, or T-state of HbA. It is proposed that NiHbA and its derivatives may serve as a useful model for future studies of hemoglobin allosteric changes. PMID- 6547119 TI - Hemoglobin Minneapolis-Laos [beta-118 (GH1) Phe----Tyr] A new hemoglobin variant with normal functional properties. PMID- 6547120 TI - Thomas L. Northup Lecture--1983 American Academy of Osteopathy: AAO--yesterday, today and tomorrow. PMID- 6547121 TI - Rapid delivery of medical information to remote hospital sites by telefacsimile. PMID- 6547122 TI - Bilateral ovarian lymphoma: a pathology report. PMID- 6547123 TI - LOCATE: an application of computed tomography in radiation therapy treatment planning with emphasis on tumor localization. AB - Computed tomography can provide precise information for radiation therapy treatment planning. However, inaccuracies in radiation field design may occur when the radiation oncologist attempts to transfer information about tumor location from the transverse plane of the CT scan to the longitudinal plane of the simulation film. This report describes a new computer program, LOCATE, which addresses this problem. The program uses operator generated information from the cross sectional CT images to draw an outline of tumor on AP and lateral longitudinal scanned projection radiographs. The resultant images are useful because they are in the same plane as radiographs obtained on a therapy simulator. The impact of LOCATE on radiation treatment planning for 26 patients is discussed along with several cases in which LOCATE was particularly helpful. PMID- 6547124 TI - Respiratory effects of progressive asphyxia in rabbit pups and adult rabbits. AB - Effects of prolonged airway occlusion were investigated in anesthetized and vagotomized 9-to 15-day-old pups and adult rabbits. The changes and temporal relationships between "integrated" phrenic activity, external intercostal electromyogram (INT), and esophageal pressure (Pes) were examined. Each occlusion resulted in hyperpnea, apnea, and gasping. Blood pressure recorded during the occlusion showed a marked decrease. During hyperpnea, the rate of changes and maximal amplitudes in Pes and INT were similar in both age groups. The increase in integrated phrenic activity (PHR) was significantly greater in young rabbits. In both age groups, changes in INT during gasping followed a similar time course and exceeded those in PHR. Maximal values of the three parameters were concurrent in adults, whereas the increase in INT peaked later than PHR and Pes in rabbit pups. In adult rabbits, PHR, INT, and Pes, during the last gasp, decreased to the values of the first hyperpnea breath. In rabbit pups, Pes of the last gasp decreased significantly below this value while INT was still elevated. This Pes decrease could result from inspiratory muscle dysfunction in the pups. Thus in rabbit pups, 1) greater changes in PHR were necessary to produce a given change in Pes than in adult rabbits; 2) activity of the external intercostal muscles was not efficient in developing pressure under conditions of asphyxia; and 3) the independent activation of diaphragmatic and intercostal motoneurons is not of vagal origin. Additionally, the results led us to conclude that Pes can serve as a close approximation of respiratory drive in adult rabbits. This parameter, however, cannot be used as an index of central inspiratory activity during gasping in rabbit pups. PMID- 6547125 TI - Equine lymphosarcoma. PMID- 6547126 TI - Central nervous system lymphosarcoma in the dog. AB - Central nervous system lymphosarcoma was diagnosed in 8 dogs with seizures and clinical signs compatible with multifocal central nervous system involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed high white cell counts with abnormal lymphoid cells in all dogs, and high protein concentration in 5 dogs. Two dogs were given systemic anticancer chemotherapy, and 4 dogs were given a combination of systemic chemotherapy, intrathecal cytosine arabinoside, and craniospinal irradiation, resulting in marked improvement of the clinical signs. PMID- 6547127 TI - Chicamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic. I. Production, isolation and properties. AB - Chicamycin is a new antitumor antibiotic produced by a strain of Streptomyces albus, No. J576 -99. The antibiotic is extractable into organic solvents from the fermentation broth and is obtained in two active forms, chicamycins A and B, depending upon the isolation procedure used. Chicamycin A is not a natural antibiotic but the methanol adduct of naturally produced chicamycin B. Both forms of the antibiotic have weak antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive and acid-fast bacteria. They inhibit the growth of experimental tumors such as P388 mouse leukemia. PMID- 6547128 TI - Chicamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic. II. Structure determination of chicamycins A and B. AB - Structures of chicamycins A and B have been determined from a series of chemical degradation studies coupled with spectroscopic analysis. Chicamycin A is 2(S),11(R), 11a (S)-1,2,3,10, 11, 11a -hexahydro-2,8-dihydroxy-7,11-dimethoxy-5H pyrrolo-[2,1-c] [1,4]-benzodiazepin-5-one, and chicamycin B is 2(S), 11a (S) 1,2,3, 11a -tetrahydro-2,8-dihydroxy-7 -methoxy-5H-pyrrolo-[2,1-c][1,4] benzodiazepin-5-one which is the demethanol form of chicamycin A. The structure of chicamycin B is closely related to that of neothramycin , differing only in the position of a hydroxyl substituent on the pyrrolidine ring. PMID- 6547129 TI - Structures of OA-6129D and E, new carbapenam antibiotics. AB - The structures and stereochemistry of OA- 6129D and E, new carbapenam compounds produced by Streptomyces sp. OA-6129, were determined by spectroscopic analysis and chemical transformation. PMID- 6547130 TI - A total synthesis of chicamycin A a new pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepine antitumor agent. PMID- 6547131 TI - Studies on a new antibiotic FR-900336 taxonomy, isolation and characterization. AB - A new lipophilic antibiotic, FR-900336 was isolated from a culture of Streptomyces sioyaensis subsp. tanegashimaensis . FR-900336 is light yellow and has a molecular formula C30H30NO13C1 . The characterization by IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra makes a quinone structure very probable. FR-900336 is active against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. PMID- 6547132 TI - A-16686, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. I. Fermentation, isolation and preliminary physico-chemical characteristics. AB - Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33076 is a new strain that was found to produce an antibiotic, designated A-16686, which is a complex of three closely-related polypeptides containing chlorinated phenyl moieties and D-mannose. Both the complex and the single fractions possess a good activity against Gram-positive bacteria. A-16686 specifically inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. PMID- 6547133 TI - A-16686, a new antibiotic from Actinoplanes. II. Biological properties. AB - A-16686, a new glycoproteide antibiotic obtained from fermentation of an Actinoplanes strain, is active against Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; MIC values ranged from 0.016 to 2.0 micrograms/ml. A-16686 is bactericidal for growing cells of Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, S. faecium, S. mutans, S. mitis and S. sanguis. There is no cross-resistance with clinically used antibiotics. A-16686, administered subcutaneously, is very effective in experimental S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae septicemias in the mouse. PMID- 6547134 TI - Studies on macrocyclic lactone antibiotics. VII. Structure of a phytotoxin "rhizoxin" produced by Rhizopus chinensis. AB - A new 16-membered macrolide designated as rhizoxin was isolated as a toxin produced by Rhizopus chinensis, the causal agent of rice seedling blight . The skeletal structure was determined by detailed NMR spectroscopic investigation of this compound and of its derivatives. Rhizoxin induced at a concentration of 10 ng/ml abnormal swelling of rice seedling roots, which is one of the characteristic symptoms of this disease. This compound also exhibited potent antifungal activity but little effect against bacteria. PMID- 6547135 TI - The 6'-amidine derivatives of amikacin and dibekacin. PMID- 6547136 TI - Isolation and characterization of pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from rat intestinal mucosa. AB - Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase was isolated from rat intestinal mucosa and purified with the aid of affinity chromatography. The affinity ligand was poly gamma-glutamic acid (Mr approximately 12,000) derived from Bacillus subtilis. The specific enzymatic activity was increased 2,000-fold over the 100,000 X g supernatant of the mucosal homogenate with a yield of 20%. Sephadex G-200 gel filtration yielded an estimated molecular mass of 80,000 daltons. The isoelectric point was pH 8.2. The pH optimum in acetate buffer containing 1 mM zinc was 4.5. The KM values for pteroylheptaglutamate and pteroyltriglutamate were 0.21 and 0.67 microM, respectively. Polyanionic compounds, poly-gamma-glutamic acid, dextran sulfate, and heparin were noncompetitive inhibitors. Studies of the time course of hydrolysis of synthetic [3H]pteroylheptaglutamate by three separate techniques demonstrated the appearance of [3H]pteroylmonoglutamate, synchronous with substrate cleavage. Intermediate pteroyloligoglutamates were not detected. An endopeptidase-like mode of hydrolysis was further established by identification of a hexaglutamyl peptide as the other reaction product. PMID- 6547137 TI - Methyl trisporate E. A sex pheromone in Phycomyces blakesleeanus. AB - Combined mating type cultures of Phycomyces blakesleeanus accumulate 41 mg of trisporic acids/l of medium, of which 30% is trisporic acid E. The methyl ester of trisporic acid E exhibits the same zygophore -inducing activity in bioassays with P. blakesleeanus and Mucor mucedo as does the pheromone methyl trisporate C. The structure of methyl trisporate E is 1,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyl-4-oxo-6-(2' hydroxyl-6'- methylocta -5',7'-d ien-8'-yl) -5-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid methyl ester. PMID- 6547138 TI - Synthesis of several 2-substituted 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propenes and their characterization as mechanism-based inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. AB - Three substrate analogs of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, viz. 2-X-3-(p hydroxyphenyl)-1- propenes (where X = Br, Cl, H), have been synthesized, and all behave as substrates requiring O2 and ascorbate for the enzyme-catalyzed hydroxylation reaction. The products have been characterized by mass spectrometry as the respective 2-X-3-hydroxy-3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1- propenes . The relative kcat values for these compounds at pH 5.5, 0.25 mM O2 are 49 min-1 (2-H), 8.6 min 1 (2-Cl), and 7.0 min-1 (2-Br). All three compounds have the characteristics of mechanism-based inhibitors of dopamine beta-hydroxylase since incubation of enzyme with these compounds under turnover conditions leads to a time-dependent loss of activity. The kinact values at pH 5.5, 0.25 mM O2 are 0.08, 0.20, and 0.51 min-1, respectively, for the 2-Br-, 2-Cl-, and 2-H-substituted analogs. No reactivation was observed after exhaustive dialysis of enzyme inactivated by 2-Br 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propene, suggesting irreversible inactivation of dopamine beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 6547139 TI - Semisynthetic derivatives of glucagon. The contribution of histidine-1 to hormone conformation and activity. AB - Semisynthetic N epsilon- acetimidoglucagon was prepared from the [des- His1 ]analogue by coupling the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of N alpha- tBoc - Nimidazole -DNP-L-histidine to the peptide in dimethylformamide in the presence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. The deprotected, purified product was chemically identical to N epsilon- acetimidoglucagon and equipotent to N epsilon- acetimidoglucagon and native glucagon in its ability to activate adenylate cyclase and displace [125I] iodoglucagon from rat liver plasma membranes. Semisynthetic [ Phe1 ]-, [ Ala1 ]-, and [des- His1 ] glucagons prepared similarly achieved 85, 55, and 35% of the maximal activity and 22, 2, and 6% of the binding potency of N epsilon- acetimidoglucagon . The biological assays indicate that the amino group is involved to a greater extent in transduction than in binding, but the aromatic nature and hydrogen bonding capability of the imidazole ring of histidine-1 are important for both binding and transduction. In circular dichroism studies, all derivatives exhibited increased helicity in 2 chloroethanol. The [ Phe1 ] analogue although less soluble behaved similarly to native glucagon, while the [ Ala1 ] and [des- His1 ] derivatives exhibited an increased helical content in 0.01 N HCl as a result of an increased propensity of these derivatives to self-associate in the absence of 2-chloroethanol. The unexpected conformational changes throughout the molecule may have relevance for the functional activity. PMID- 6547140 TI - Binding of simple carbohydrates and some of their chromophoric derivatives to soybean agglutinin as followed by titrimetric procedures and stopped flow kinetics. AB - The number of carbohydrate-binding sites of the GalNAc-specific lectin is four per tetramer. The binding parameters of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and methyl-N acetyl-alpha-D- galactosaminide , were determined by titrating the perturbation in the absorption spectrum of the protein. For D-galactosides, it was necessary to use p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D- galactosaminide as an indicator in substitution titrations. The association constants K were determined at several temperatures yielding 2.4 X 10(4) M-1 at 25 degrees C with delta H degree' = -45 kJ mol-1 and delta S degree' = -67 J X K-1 mol-1 for methyl-N-acetyl-alpha-D- galactosaminide and 1.0 X 10(3) M-1 at 25 degrees C, delta H degree' = -38 kJ mol 1 and delta S degree' = -69 J X K-1 mol-1 for methyl-alpha-D-galactoside. The increase in K by a factor of 25 caused by the acetamido group is largely enthalpic . Whenever different methods were used to determine the association constant of a given compound, the agreement was excellent. The observed changes in absorption or fluorescence of all chromophoric carbohydrate derivatives used are specific for the binding of carbohydrates. For large aromatic beta- aglycons such as p-nitrophenyl or 4-methylumbelliferyl groups, the increase in K of the N acetyl-D- galactosaminide moiety is by a factor of 2 or less, but for a large N-5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl) group this factor is about 20 as compared with the acetyl group. The concomitant 10-fold increase in dansyl fluorescence, also observed with four other GalNAc-binding lectins together with a favorable and large delta S degree' = +60 J X K-1 mol-1 strongly point at the presence of a hydrophobic region in the vicinity of the carbohydrate-binding site. The results of stopped flow kinetics with 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl beta-D- galactosaminide and the lectin are consistent with a simple mechanism for which k+ = 1.1 X 10(4) M-1 S-1 and k- = 0.4 S-1 at 25 degrees C. This k- is slower than for any monosaccharide-lectin complex reported so far. PMID- 6547141 TI - Inhibition of protein carboxyl methylation by S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine in intact erythrocytes. Physiological consequences. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine was used to inhibit the methylation of carboxylic acid residues of membrane proteins in intact human erythrocytes. Incubation of erythrocytes for 24 h with 5 mM each of adenosine and L-homocysteine resulted in the intracellular accumulation of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine and substantially inhibited membrane protein carboxyl methylation. From the degree of inhibition and from the observed turnover of methylated proteins, we estimate that the number of protein methyl esters in cells incubated with adenosine and L homocysteine for 20 h is less than 20% that of cells incubated without these inhibitors. No significant differences in the physical deformability properties of the membrane of these hypomethylated cells were detected. However, there was a small but significant (p less than 0.001) increase in the amount of membrane protein D-aspartyl residues in these cells compared to control cells. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that methylation of membrane proteins at D-aspartyl residues may result in the selective removal or repair of these uncommon residues. PMID- 6547142 TI - Fracture of the tibial tuberosity with associated ligamentous and meniscal tears. A case report. PMID- 6547143 TI - A quantitative densitometric method for the rapid separation and quantitation of the major lipids of tissues and lipoproteins by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. II. Reduction of the densitometric data. AB - A BASIC program is described for acquisition of data and data reduction for an automated densitometric system for quantitation of lipids separated by high performance thin-layer chromatography. The program allows calculation of mass of samples from log/log calibration curves computed from standards. The calculated masses are reported as nmol/volume or nmol/mg protein. The program contains a flexible dialog system which permits its use for a variety of applications in addition to the system described for quantitation of lipids. PMID- 6547144 TI - Presence of delta-sleep-inducing peptide-like material in human milk. AB - Delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like material was detected in human breast milk of two women by RIA with a recovery of about 90%. The high concentration of DSIP-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) in colostrum (30 ng/ml) decreased to about 10 ng/ml in milk. The concentration continued to decrease over the next 2 months in one women. In the same woman, a significant circadian rhythm of the amount of breast milk DSIP was found with the peak in the afternoon and the trough in the morning. A significant effect of the sampling procedure was detected in the other woman examined; lower amounts of DSIP-LI were found when the milk was collected before and higher concentrations after nursing. Gel chromatography revealed that most of the immunoreactive DSIP-LI in milk and colostrum occurred in a form larger than the nonapeptide. The presence of DSIP itself, however, was demonstrated by high pressure liquid chromatography, which also showed additional peptides reacting with the antibody. Digestion of the large immunoreactive DSIP LI by trypsin produced a peak on Sephadex G-10 that coeluted with DSIP. This peak contained three immunoreactive fractions with retention times on high pressure liquid chromatography similar to DSIP, phosphorylated DSIP, and N-tyrosine-DSIP. Plasma samples taken during pregnancy were assayed for DSIP but no difference from normal values was found. Slightly higher amounts were found in placenta than in blood, which might be due to interfering substances. No Tyr-MIF-1 or corticotropin-releasing hormone was detected by RIA in human breast milk. Peptides and proteins of milk can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract of babies, but it is not known if the DSIP-LI in human milk is involved in the induction of a sleep-wake cycle in neonates. PMID- 6547145 TI - Anti-Mullerian hormone is not cytotoxic to human endometrial cancer in tissue culture. AB - To determine whether anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is the factor responsible for the cytotoxic effect of testicular preparations towards endometrial cancer, homogenates and incubation media of bovine fetal testes were fractionated by lectin affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin and their cytotoxic effect tested on an endometrial cancer cell line, HEC-1, and on a control cell line of renal origin. Homogenate-derived testicular proteins proved more cytotoxic than incubation medium-derived ones, and the cytotoxic factor did not bind to the lectin of wheat germ, in contrast to AMH which did. Bioactive AMH purified by monoclonal antibody chromatography, at a concentration, determined by RIA, more than 20 times that present in the cytotoxic testicular preparations, had no effect upon the growth of the malignant endometrial cells. These results indicate that the testicular agent cytotoxic to malignant endometrial cells is a substance other than AMH. PMID- 6547146 TI - Behaviour of thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease in nude mice. AB - Thyroid tissue from five patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease was transplanted into nu/nu mice (2 to 4 mice per thyroid) in order to assess whether the tissues would remain hyperfunctional. Before surgery, the patients received only propranolol and iodine for ten days. Transplants were removed from the mice after 10, 20, 30 or 57 days, and compared to the initial tissue, as well as toxic nodules from two patients and thyroid tissue from two normal subjects grafted similarly. All transplants survived, as proven by histology and autohistoradiography with 131I uptake, while all signs of hyperfunction and dysimmunity disappeared. Conversely, both transplanted toxic nodules remained hyperfunctional. These results indicate that, in spite of the in situ presence of most factors of auto-immune reactions, thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease is not autonomous and depends on the extra-thyroid environment. PMID- 6547147 TI - Serum vitamin D metabolites and their binding protein in patients with liver cirrhosis. AB - Serum parameters of calcium metabolism were measured in 32 consecutive patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis due to either hepatitis (n = 13), alcohol abuse (n = 11), Wilson's disease (n = 3), or primary or secondary biliary cirrhosis (n = 5). All measurements were normal in the small group of patients with Wilson's disease. The serum concentrations of albumin, vitamin D-binding protein, total calcium, phosphorus, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH2)D3) were decreased in the other patients with cirrhosis, but their mean serum concentrations of ionized calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OHD3) and free 1,25-(OH2)D3 index were normal. A slight but significant increase in the serum PTH measured using a carboxyl-terminal antiserum was found. A significant correlation was found between the serum concentration of either albumin or vitamin D-binding protein and the serum concentrations of total calcium, 25-OHD3, 1,25-(OH2)D3, and PTH but not with ionized calcium or free 1,25-(OH2)D3 index. The observed abnormalities of calcium metabolism in unselected patients with cirrhosis were mainly due to decreased protein synthesis. Only the patients with severe cirrhosis had decreased concentrations of 25-OHD3 but they were nevertheless able to maintain a normal ionized serum calcium and free 1,25-(OH2)D3 level, possibly by means of compensatory hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6547148 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocyte sub-populations and multiple sclerosis. AB - Serial studies of lymphocyte sub-populations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) show periodic reductions in OKT8 cells (%). This alteration is neither immunologically nor disease-specific and also occurs in some apparently healthy normal individuals. In twice-monthly serial studies of lymphocyte sub-populations carried out over a 6-month period, we have found significant reductions in OKT8 cells on at least 2 occasions in 9/9 patients, 7/7 spouses and 3/11 siblings, but rarely in unrelated controls living in the same city. Abnormalities in these unaffected people occurred at the same time as those seen in their affected relative. Cyclical reduction in OKT8 cells is probably one factor associated with susceptibility to MS, perhaps only abnormal in terms of the frequency and duration with which it occurs, and may be related to environmental conditions affecting patients with MS and their close contacts but not most other unaffected individuals. PMID- 6547149 TI - A two-label microfluorometric analysis of the expression of OKT5 and Leu 2a antigens on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Four patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and one control were evaluated serially over a 10-week interval. Peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subsets were enumerated using a double labelling technique, OKT5 and anti Leu 2a monoclonal antibodies, and FACS IV analysis. Results were correlated with clinically assessed disease activity. Two subsets were identified. Subset 1 is characterized by cells positive for Leu 2a and either weakly positive or negative for OKT5 . Subset 2 was positive for both. Subset 1 was constantly present in both patients and controls while subset 2 was variable in presence and in size. No associations between these subsets and disease activity were made in this preliminary study, however, no acute relapses occurred in this interval. It is postulated that the reason for the differences in results of studies attempting to correlate disease activity with PBL phenotypes as assessed by different monoclonal antibodies may be the result of the suppressor/cytotoxic cell subpopulation being nonhomogeneous for the expression of various cell surface antigens. The technique of multiple labelling of lymphocytes may be useful in defining subsets which correlate more closely with disease activity. PMID- 6547150 TI - Lithocholate glucuronide is a cholestatic agent. AB - Lithocholic acid and its taurine, glycine, and sulfate derivatives are potent cholestatic agents. Lithocholate glucuronide is present in the plasma and urine of patients with cholestatic syndromes, but little is known of its metabolism, excretion, and cholestatic potential. [3 beta-3H]lithocholate 3-O-beta-D glucuronide was synthesized, and chemical and radiochemical purity were established. The aqueous solubility of lithocholate glucuronide was determined and found to be greater than that of lithocholic acid or several of its derivatives. In the range of concentrations examined, calcium ions precipitated lithocholate glucuronide stoichiometrically. The material was administered to rats prepared with an external biliary fistula. When 17-25 micrograms quantities were administered, 89.1 +/- 4.5% (mean +/- SEM) of the radiolabel was secreted in bile within the first 20 h after administration, the major fraction being secreted in less than 20 min. Four-fifths of the radiolabeled material in bile was the administered unaltered parent compound, while a minor fraction consisted of a more polar derivative(s). We showed that increasing biliary concentrations of more polar derivatives were observed with milligram doses of [3H]lithocholate glucuronide, and with time after the administration of these loading doses. Milligram doses of [3H]lithocholate glucuronide resulted in partial or complete cholestasis. When induced cholestasis was partial, secretion in bile remained the primary excretory route (82.5-105.6% recovery in bile), while, when complete cholestasis was induced, wide tissue distribution of radiolabel was observed. Cholestasis developed rapidly during infusion of [3H]lithocholate glucuronide. Bile flow was diminished within 10-20 min of the start of an infusion of 0.05 mumol, 100 g-1 body weight, minute-1, administered concomitantly with an equimolar infusion of taurocholate. The results establish that lithocholate glucuronide exerts cholestatic effects comparable to those exerted by unconjugated lithocholic acid. PMID- 6547152 TI - Light and electron microscopic evidence for a direct corticospinal projection to superficial laminae of the dorsal horn in cats and monkeys. AB - The anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and wheat germ agglutin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) was employed in cats and monkeys to investigate, at both the light and electron microscopical levels, the contribution of the corticospinal tract (CST) to the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. At the light microscopic level, this approach not only confirmed the previously documented pattern of CST termination, but also revealed a sparse projection to laminae VIII and IX of the cat and a prominent projection to the most superficial parts of the brachial dorsal horn, i.e., laminae I and II. Discrete injections involving particular cytoarchitectonic areas (4, 3a, 3b, and 1-2) of monkeys showed that the superficial laminae receive their corticofugal inputs primarily from areas 3b, 1, and 2. Electron microscopic observations were made on CST fibers and boutons which were labelled, after histochemical processing, with the reaction product of anterogradely transported WGA-HRP. The labelled fibers in the superficial laminae were small (+/- 0.5 micron), and boutons established mainly axodendritic contacts, contained mostly clear, spherical, or pleomorphic vesicles, but sometimes also displayed dense core vesicles. These boutons were primarily in lamina I and outer lamina II, but not in inner lamina II. The possible role of a direct monosynaptic pathway from the cerebral cortex to the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn is discussed in relation to the previous reports that laminae I and II play a significant role in nociception. PMID- 6547153 TI - CT appearance of intrauterine pregnancy. AB - There is little information in the literature regarding the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of pregnancy. We had the occasion to study two female lymphoma patients with CT, both of whom had unsuspected intrauterine pregnancies. One of these patients presented at 13 weeks' and the other at 22 weeks' gestation. We describe the CT findings in each of these cases. PMID- 6547151 TI - Effect of dietary phosphorus on circulating concentrations of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in children with moderate renal insufficiency. AB - The hyperparathyroidism characteristic of patients with moderate renal insufficiency could be caused by decreases in the plasma concentration of ionized calcium (Ca++) evoked by: (a) recurring increases in the plasma concentration of inorganic phosphorus that may be detectable only in the post-prandial period; (b) a reversible, phosphorus-mediated suppression of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D-1 alpha-hydroxylase that decreases the plasma concentration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) enough to decrease both gut absorption and bone resorption of Ca++; (c) both of these. In a group of eight children with moderate renal insufficiency, mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 45 +/- 4 (SE) ml/min per 1.73 M2, ages 6-17 yr, we tested these hypotheses by determining the effect of short term (5 d) restriction and supplementation of dietary intake of phosphorus on the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D, the serum concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and phosphorus, and the fractional renal excretion of phosphorus ( FEPi ). When dietary phosphorus was normal, 1.2 g/d, the serum concentrations of phosphorus throughout the day were not greater than those of normal control children, and the serum concentrations of carboxyl terminal iPTH (C-iPTH) were greater, 59 +/- 9 vs. 17 +/- 3 mu leq/ml, and unchanging; the serum concentration of intact-iPTH was also greater, 198 +/- 14 vs. 119 +/- 8 pg/ml. The plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D was lower than that of age-matched controls, 27 +/- 3 vs. 36 +/- 2 pg/ml (P less than 0.01). When dietary phosphorus was restricted to 0.35 g/d, the plasma concentration of 1,25 (OH)2D increased by 60% to a mean value not different from that of normal controls, while serum concentrations of C-iPTH and intact-iPTH decreased by 25%, the latter concentration to a mean value not different from that of controls. FEPi decreased from 31 to 9%. When dietary phosphorus was supplemented to 2.4 g/d, the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D decreased 32%, while those of C-iPTH and intact-iPTH increased by 131 and 45%, respectively; FEPi increased from 27 to 53%. Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D remained normal and unchanged, and GFR did not change when dietary phosphorus was manipulated. The data demonstrate that in children with moderate renal insufficiency: (a) A normal dietary intake of phosphorus in attended by a decreased circulating concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D and an increased concentration of iPTH, but not by recurring increases in the serum concentration of phosphorus at any time of the day; (b) Dietary phosphorus is, however, a major determinant of the circulating concentrations of both 1,25-(OH)2D and iPTH, which vary inversely and directly, respectively, with dietary intake of phosphorus, and increase and decrease, respectively, to normal values when phosphorus is restricted for 5 d; (c) Restriction and supplementation of dietary phosphorus induces changes in the serum concentration of iPTH that correlate strongly but inversely with those induced in the plasma concentration of 1,25-(OH)2D (r = -0.88, P < 0.001); and (d) The physiologic responsiveness of the renal tubule to changes in dietary phosphorus is to a substantial extent intact. The data provide support for the second hypothesis stated. PMID- 6547154 TI - Lead factors for total mixed ration formulation. AB - Lead factors are used in computerized ration formulation programs developed at Virginia Tech to increase milk production above a herd or group average for which total mixed rations are formulated for group feeding. These lead factors theoretically increase milk production for which the ration is formulated so 83% of the cows in a group will receive adequate or more than adequate nutrients from the ration. Two methods of calculating lead factors produced similar results. When test-day Dairy Herd Improvement records within a herd were not grouped by production, the average lead factor was 1.31 for one method [lead factor = (mean milk yield + one standard deviation)/mean milk yield] and 1.32 for the other [lead factor = (milk yield of 83rd percentile cow)/mean milk yield]. Grouping test-day records in each herd by milk production resulted in smaller lead factors for each group compared with lead factors for ungrouped herds. Changes of percentage of cows in each group in a herd resulted in different lead factors. Generally, groups with greater proportion of cows had larger lead factors. Season, herd size, and herd milk production slightly affected lead factors, but little improvement of estimation was gained by considering these variables. PMID- 6547155 TI - Use of a personal microcomputer for orthoptic therapy. AB - Personal microcomputers have become almost commonplace in the last few years. Their great flexibility and ability to present graphic images on demand would seem to make them ideal tools for use in a visual training program. We have written such a program for doing fusional vergence therapy that interacts with the patient and stores the results of the training sessions. The features of the program are described and the results from two patients are summarized. PMID- 6547157 TI - Identification of 5-hydroxy-6-indolyl-O-sulfate in urine of patients with malignant melanoma. AB - It has previously been shown that enzymatically hydrolyzed urine of patients with malignant melanoma contains 5,6-dihydroxyindole (5, 6DHI ). In this study we describe the elucidation of the entire structure of urinary 5, 6DHI -conjugate. Differential hydrolysis of melanotic urine revealed that, in contrast to beta glucuronidase, sulfatase can liberate 5, 6DHI from its conjugated form. 5, 6DHI sulfate was synthetized by reacting 5, 6DHI with sulfur trioxide trimethylamine complex. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) documented its close similarity to the Thorm ahlen -positive compound usually entitled "C." Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of methylated and subsequently hydrolyzed synthetic 5, 6DHI -sulfate showed that the synthetic product consisted of a mixture of 5-hydroxy-6-indolyl-O-sulfate and 6-hydroxy-5-indolyl-O-sulfate (with a certain amount of 5, 6DHI -disulfate). 5, 6DHI -sulfate was purified with use of DEAE-cellulose column chromatography from melanotic urine. Methylation of this conjugate with deuterated dimethylsulfate and subsequent GC-MS analysis of the hydrolyzed product provided evidence that 5, 6DHI from melanotic urine was almost exclusively sulfated in position 6. It was concluded (1) that 5, 6DHI is excreted as a 6-O-sulfate, and (2) that this compound is consistent with Thorm ahlen positive compound "C". PMID- 6547156 TI - Serum long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) and LATS-protector (LATS-P) in Graves' disease associated with localized myxedema. AB - When localized myxedema occurs in Graves' disease, there is often very high serum long acting thyroid stimulator (LATS) activity. However, this association is not invariable and no pathogenetic role for this IgG associated activity is known. Serum LATS protector (LATS-P) is a closely related IgG activity which is present in the majority of cases of untreated Graves' disease. It usually coexists in LATS positive sera in a substantially greater concentration. Its association with localized myxedema has not been studied, nor have serial studies been performed on this activity during the clinical course of the disease. Fourteen patients (13 females, 1 male) with localized myxedema and a history of Graves' disease were examined. In 13 serum LATS was detectable with a wide range of activity from 2.4 to 1,000 units/ml. Serum LATS-P was detected in all including the LATS negative patient with a range of activity from 46 to 4,068 units/ml. Serial studies for at least 2 years were conducted in 8 patients. In two there was no change in either skin lesions or in serum LATS and LATS-P. In 6 the skin lesions partially or completely resolved. In 5 this was associated with statistically significant falls in serum LATS and LATS-P but in one no significant change occurred. The study demonstrated the high prevalence of LATS and LATS-P in localized myxedema. In the sole LATS negative patient there was a high concentration of LATS-P. The role of these activities in the pathogenesis of the disease remains unknown but in serial studies falls in activity were usually associated with clinical improvement. PMID- 6547158 TI - LD students tackle the LOGO language: strategies and implications. PMID- 6547159 TI - New bile acid analogs: 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-7 beta-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid, 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid, and 3 alpha hydroxy-7 xi-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid. AB - Methods are described for the chemical synthesis of three new bile acid analogs, namely, 3 alpha, 7 alpha-dihydroxy-7 beta-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid, 3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-7 alpha-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid and 3 alpha-hydroxyl-7 xi methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid. The starting material, 2-(3 alpha, 7 xi-dihydroxy-7 xi-methyl-24-nor-5 beta- cholanyl )-4, 4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline upon mild hydrolysis in aqueous HCl yields the two epimeric 3 alpha, 7-dihydroxy-7-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acids which can be separated as the methyl esters by silica gel column chromatography. More rigorous hydrolysis in boiling methanolic HCl yields a mixture of unsaturated compounds which can be separated as their methyl esters into three fractions by silica gel-AgNO3 column chromatography. The fractions containing 3 alpha-hydroxy-7-methyl-5 beta-chol-6-enoic acid and 3 alpha-hydroxy 7-methylene-5 beta-cholanoic acid when subjected to catalytic hydrogenation yield 3 alpha-hydroxy-7 xi-methyl-5 beta-cholanoic acid. PMID- 6547161 TI - Health maintenance and the personal computer. PMID- 6547160 TI - Characterization of a human lymphocyte surface sialoglycoprotein that is defective in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. AB - gpL115 is a lymphocyte surface component that is deficient in patients with the X chromosome-linked immune deficiency Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (6). The glycoprotein nature of gpL115 is demonstrated through labeling in carbohydrate moieties by [3H]NaBH4 and its synthesis by lymphocytes through labeling with [35S]methionine. Native gpL115 adheres to wheat germ lectin-Sepharose and sialidase-treated gpL115 does not adhere, indicating that native gpL115 adheres via clusters of sialic acid residues. When tested on peanut lectin, which shows specificity for the disaccharide Gal beta 1-3GalNAc, gpL115 is nonadherent and sialidase-treated gpL115 is adherent, indicating the presence of the sequence sialic acid-Gal beta 1-3GalNAc, which is characteristic for O-linked (mucin-type, acidic-type) carbohydrates. A surface glycoprotein with all the above characteristics was found on the lymphoblastoid cell line CEM. CEM cells were used as immunogen to generate the monoclonal antibody L10, an IgG1, which binds native and sialidase-treated gpL115 . Sialidase-treatment of gpL115 significantly alters its physical properties, reducing its electrophoretic mobility and changing its behavior on isoelectrofocusing. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that gpL115 , like glycophorin of erythrocytes and GPIb of platelets, is a sialoglyco protein with significant quantities of O-linked carbohydrate. On treatment with limiting sialidase concentrations, gpL115 of normal lymphocytes is transformed into a series of partially desialylated species of decreasing electrophoretic mobility. This finding resembles the situation with lymphocytes of some Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients. Lymphocytes of eight Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome patients were found to be deficient in 125I-labeled gpL115 . Lymphocytes from three of these patients displayed an abnormal 125I-component of apparent mol wt 135,000. PMID- 6547163 TI - Absorption and circular dichroism studies of a gold (I)-DNA complex. AB - The DNA binding properties of the Au(I)-containing antiarthritic drug Ridaura and related Au(I) complexes have been investigated. Absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy show that if the gold ion possesses an easily displaced ligand, e.g., Cl- or Br-, Au(I) is capable of interacting, in a nondenaturing fashion, with calf thymus DNA. Absorption studies with the four DNA nucleosides suggest that guanine and cytosine bases are important in the Au(I)DNA interaction. PMID- 6547164 TI - An N-protected gamma-aminobutyric acid dipeptide with anticonvulsant action. AB - N-Pivaloyl-leucyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (PLG) is a synthetic dipeptide with a partition coefficient of 1.67 in an ethyl acetate/water system that partially inhibits the synaptosomal uptake and activates the release of [U-14C]gamma aminobutyric acid [( U-14C]GABA). The displacement of GABA from crude synaptic membranes by PLG occurs with an IC50 of 10(-5) M. The compound has the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier and increase central GABA levels. Its ED50 on cardiazol -induced convulsions is 60-65 mg/kg. PLG is resistant to hydrolysis by chymotrypsin and partially inhibits the proteolytic activity of trypsin. PMID- 6547165 TI - Immunomodulatory effect of synthetic branched polypeptides I. AB - The immunomodulatory potential of poly-(Lys-[Leu-poly-DL-Ala]) (LAK) (Lys:Ala:Leu = 1:3:0.7) as the first prototype of a series of new branched polypeptides was studied. Circular dichroism spectra indicated a highly ordered structure of LAK at physiological pH. The ability of the polypeptide to stimulate antibody response to immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) when applied in aqueous medium was assessed in BDF1 inbred normal mice by the hemolytic plaque forming cell and rosette-forming cell (RFC) assays. LAK, similarly to levamisole (LEV), a clinically applied immunomodulator, stimulated the host's humoral immune response in a wide dose interval (0.02-20 mg/kg; optimal dose, 1 mg/kg); however, the number of RFC was not influenced considerably. LAK was not toxic in doses of up to 25 mg/kg. The varied timing of LAK treatment (1 mg/kg i.p.) relative to SRBC immunization resulted in an oscillating potentiation of the immune response. The immunoadjuvant activity elicited by LAK--similarly to LEV--was sufficient to produce effective compensation of immunosuppression induced by the cytotoxic drugs vincristine and dianhydrogalactitol when combined treatments on multiple schedules were applied before SRBC immunization. PMID- 6547162 TI - Phosphorylation of C-protein in intact amphibian cardiac muscle. Correlation between 32P incorporation and twitch relaxation. AB - The molecular mechanisms by which neurotransmitters modulate the force of contraction of cardiac muscle are incompletely understood. Hartzell and Titus (1982. J. Biol. Chem. 257:2111-2120) have recently reported that C-protein, an integral component of the thick filament, is reversibly phosphorylated in response to ionotropic agents. In this communication, C-protein phosphorylation (as measured by isotopic labeling with 32P) is correlated with changes in the rate of relaxation of twitch tension. On the average, isoproterenol simultaneously increases peak systolic tension twofold, decreases twitch relaxation time from a control value of approximately 450 to approximately 300 ms, and increases C-protein phosphorylation two- to threefold, with a maximum effect occurring less than 60 s after addition of 1 microM isoproterenol. Carbamylcholine, in contrast, decreases peak systolic tension more rapidly than it affects relaxation or C-protein phosphorylation. The maximum decrease in peak tension (60%) occurs within 1 min of addition of 0.5 microM carbamylcholine, but relaxation time increases slowly to 800 ms over approximately 6 min. The increase in relaxation time correlates well with the decrease in 32P incorporation into C protein (r = 0.94). Changing beat frequency between 0.2 and 1/s has no effect on C-protein phosphorylation but does alter relaxation time (relaxation time decreases approximately 100 ms when beat frequency is changed from 0.5 to 1/s) and thus alters the quantitative relationship between C-protein phosphorylation and relaxation rate. These results suggest that two separate processes affect relaxation. It is proposed that the level of C-protein phosphorylation sets the boundaries over which relaxation is regulated by a second process that is dependent upon beat frequency and probably involves changes in intracellular Ca. PMID- 6547166 TI - Pharmacologic rationale for regional drug delivery. AB - Regional drug delivery is an approach designed to improve the selectivity of chemotherapy. When compared with systemic drug administration, regional delivery can potentially increase drug concentrations at tumor sites and/or lower systemic drug exposure. Pharmacokinetic analysis can evaluate or even predict the relative advantage of regional drug delivery. Based on a quantitative analysis of regional drug delivery, some drugs and sites of delivery are more favorable than others. The formulas for the therapeutic advantage of intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraperitoneal delivery have a similar structure. The ratio of total body clearance of a drug to its regional exchange rate is the principal determinant of therapeutic advantage. Thus, the most favorable circumstances for regional delivery are the use of drugs with high total body clearances and/or sites of delivery with low exchange rates. Pharmacodynamic factors must also be considered for the overall assessment of regional delivery. PMID- 6547167 TI - Recovery of spermatogenesis after treatment for Hodgkin's disease: limiting dose of MOPP chemotherapy. AB - The sperm production of 25 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with mechlorethamine, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) chemotherapy was studied retrospectively. All but two patients also received radiotherapy treatment to pelvic and/or non-pelvic fields. Sperm counts were obtained from patients treated either with three or fewer (MOPP-2 group) or with five or more (MOPP-6 group) chemotherapy cycles. Recovery of spermatogenesis following treatment-induced azoospermia was significantly higher among the MOPP-2 patients (Mann-Whitney rank sum test, p = 0.001). Patients in this group who did not receive pelvic irradiation appeared to have greater recovery rates (p = 0.06). The results suggest that three cycles of MOPP chemotherapy represent a maximum exposure compatible with the recovery of spermatogenesis. PMID- 6547168 TI - Bacterial aneurysms of the intracavernous carotid artery. AB - Six cases of bacterial intracavernous carotid artery aneurysms of extravascular origin secondary to cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis are reported along with a review of 12 similar cases collected from the literature. Of the authors' six cases, there were three children and three adults. Meningitis was found in five patients. All patients received prolonged antibiotic therapy. Spontaneous resolution of the aneurysm occurred in one patient, thrombosis of the internal carotid artery in another, and progressive enlargement of the aneurysm was seen on sequential angiography in the other two. Evidence of associated arteritis was present in all of the patients. Carotid ligation for persistent ophthalmoplegia was carried out in two patients, of whom one had a giant aneurysm and the other progressive aneurysm enlargement. The results of treatment were good in all cases. The authors believe that carotid arteriography is obligatory in cases of cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis in which ophthalmoplegia persists despite adequate antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6547169 TI - Intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature rabbit pup. Limitations of this animal model. AB - The authors used the premature rabbit model to examine the pathophysiology of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). They studied the brains of 167 control animals, of 45 animals after a hypertensive insult, of three animals after a bolus infusion of normal saline, and of 10 animals after both insults. In none of the brains was IVH identified. Limited reproducibility may restrict the use of this animal model. PMID- 6547170 TI - Automated patient report-generation in nuclear medicine. AB - The proliferation of computer-based office-management systems in the past few years has involved the private physician's office as well as the hospital laboratory. Many radiology departments have already adopted this approach for patient report generation and data storage. Due to the absence of commercially available software, some nuclear medicine departments will be interested in writing their own, but may not have enough experience in nonimaging computer applications to determine the performance needed for a practical system. A report generation system for scintigraphic studies has been developed in our department over the past 2 yr. During this time an essential hardware/software performance level was established. Ideas for design of program flow that enhance staff acceptance of this concept are presented. Significant reduction of errors in report transcription and billing, together with reduced requirements for secretarial and clerical staff, make a general system like this cost effective. PMID- 6547172 TI - Minimizing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in VLBW infants. PMID- 6547171 TI - Systemic hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Thirteen of 30 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia demonstrated systolic blood pressure readings above 113 mm Hg on at least three separate occasions. In contrast, only one of 22 infants without BPD developed hypertension. The onset of hypertension often followed discharge from the nursery, was transient, and responded well to antihypertensive medication. Its significance is exemplified by the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy in three infants and a cerebrovascular accident in one child. We conclude that systemic hypertension is a significant problem in infants with BPD, and recommend close monitoring of blood pressure during their follow-up care. PMID- 6547173 TI - An induction of heme oxygenase and its possible relation to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content during liver regeneration. AB - The alterations of various enzymes responsible for drug metabolism and heme metabolism were examined in regenerating livers of male rats. Microsomal cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine demethylase activity were significantly decreased during liver regeneration. In contrast, microsomal heme oxygenase activity was markedly increased under the identical conditions. The increased heme oxygenase activity which appeared within 4 h and reached maximum at 1 d after partial hepatectomy was sustained for 5 d. In sham-operated rats, the changed patterns of these parameters were similar, but to a lesser extent as compared to partially hepatectomized rats. The increase of heme oxygenase activity following partial hepatectomy was blocked by the administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Other enzymes involved in heme synthesis did not change appreciably during liver regeneration. The inverse relationship between the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content and the increase of heme oxygenase activity was also observed in female rats and male mice. These findings suggest that the increase of heme oxygenase activity in regenerating rodent liver would be correlated to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content. Adrenalectomy enhanced the increase of heme oxygenase activity following partial hepatectomy, though the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content was less extensive under the experimental conditions. The results also suggest that the inverse relationship between the increase of heme oxygenase activity and the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content would be a biochemical phenomenon seen in regenerating liver and that the phenomenon would not be simply due to the surgical stress to the animals. PMID- 6547174 TI - Syntheses and evaluation of some mannich bases derived from acetophenones against P388 lymphocytic leukemia and toxicological assessment of 3-dimethyl-amino-2 dimethylaminomethyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone dihydrochloride in rats. AB - A number of analogues of 3-dimethylamino-2-dimethylaminomethyl-1-(4 methoxyphenyl)-1-propanone dihydrochloride (IIa) and related compounds which showed activity against P388 lymphocytic leukemia were prepared, and of the 16 analogues, three met the criterion for activity in this screen. The toxicity of IIa was examined in rats and either a single dose of 25 mg/kg or nine daily doses of 12.5 mg/kg administered by the intraperitoneal route produced marked irritation and damage to the tissue with which it came into contact. Compound IIa did not show significant activity against eight other tumor systems. PMID- 6547175 TI - Isolation and identification of piperacillin amide as an impurity in piperacillin. AB - Piperacillin amide (IV) was successfully identified as the predominant impurity in commercial lots of piperacillin monohydrate (III). The impurity was isolated via a preparative liquid chromatographic scheme utilizing Florisil as the adsorbent and a mobile phase of water-acetonitrile (4:96, v/v). The isolated component had nearly the same reverse-phase HPLC properties as piperacillin and was chemically and thermally unstable. This labile impurity was spectroscopically identified by field desorption (FD), fast atom bombardment (FAB) with collision activation decomposition (CAD), and desorption chemical ionization (DCI) mass spectrometries , and NMR and IR spectrometries . Identity was confirmed on comparison of the chromatographic and spectrometric data of the impurity with an independently synthesized sample of piperacillin amide. PMID- 6547176 TI - Effects of analogs of salicylate on p-aminohippurate uptake into basal-lateral membranous vesicles. AB - In basal-lateral membranes of the renal cortex, thiol substituted analogs of salicylate inhibited the uptake of p-aminohippurate (PAH). The mercury-containing analogs, thimerosal and mercaptide V (formed from 2 mol of thiosalicylate and 1 mol of Hg++), were highly inhibitory. Compared with probenecid, thimerosal and mercaptide V yielded dose-response curves of steeper slope and higher maximal effect. The dose-response curves of thimerosal and mercaptide V were similar in shape, although mercaptide V was more potent. The inhibition by thimerosal, mercaptide V and mersalyl acid, an anionic sulfhydryl reagent which also inhibits uptake of PAH ( Tse et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 226: 19-26, 1983), was found to be competitive with Ki values of 0.39 +/- 0.05, 0.12 +/- 0.06 and 0.05 +/- 0.02 mM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of thimerosal and mercaptide V were only partially reversible. Thimerosal and mercaptide V reacted 35 and 62%, respectively, with membrane sulfhydryl groups which may explain the nonreversibility of the inhibitor. The nonreversibility is probably not due to irreversible destruction of the vesicles, as the "glucose space" of the vesicles was not affected by these two compounds. That derivatives of salicylates capable of reacting with sulfhydryl groups were more inhibitory than thiosalicylate is consistent with a hypothesis that the PAH transporter contains a sulfhydryl group(s) essential for uptake. Based on the degree of inhibition, the degree of reversibility, the degree of membrane sulfhydryl group oxidation and the computer generated three dimensional models of thimerosal, mercaptide V and mersalyl acid, a model of the PAH transporter is proposed. PMID- 6547177 TI - Morphine-like discriminative stimulus effects of buprenorphine and demethoxybuprenorphine in rats: quantitative antagonism by naloxone. AB - The interactions between the opioid antagonist naloxone and the opioids morphine, buprenorphine and demethoxybuprenorphine ( DMB ), an acid-catalyzed rearrangement product of buprenorphine, were evaluated quantitatively in rats trained to discriminate between saline and 3.0 mg/kg of morphine using a two-choice, shock avoidance procedure. Dose-effect curves for each of the three agonists were determined alone and in the presence of varying doses of naloxone (0.01-1.0 mg/kg). Buprenorphine and DMB produced dose-related increases in morphine appropriate responding which plateaued over at least a 30-fold dose-range for each drug. On a molar basis, buprenorphine was approximately 140 times and DMB approximately 45 times more potent than morphine. Naloxone produced parallel shifts in the dose-effect curves for morphine, buprenorphine and DMB . Schild plots derived from the relative shifts in the dose-effect curves yielded regression lines with slopes which were not significantly different from -1, consistent with naloxone acting as a competitive antagonist of each of the three opioids. The apparent pA2 values for naloxone were 7.85 +/- 0.36 against morphine, 7.48 +/- 0.16 against buprenorphine and 7.17 +/- 0.27 against DMB . Because the 95% CLs overlapped for morphine and buprenorphine, but not for morphine and DMB , these results are consistent with the interpretation that naloxone is acting at the same receptor in antagonizing morphine and buprenorphine but naloxone may be acting in a more complex manner in antagonizing DMB . The effectiveness of naloxone in antagonizing equieffective doses of morphine (3.0 mg/kg), buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg) and DMB (0.1 mg/kg) were also evaluated when naloxone was administered either 0 or 30 min after the agonist.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547178 TI - L-646,462, a cyproheptadine-related antagonist of dopamine and serotonin with selectivity for peripheral systems. AB - The selectivity, peripheral vs. central actions, of the antidopaminergic agent L 646,462 was assessed in two ways. First, elevation of prolactin in serum (peripheral) and homovanillic acid in the striatum were measured in rats. L 646,462 was found to have a central/peripheral activity ratio of 143, whereas comparable values derived for haloperidol, metoclopramide and domperidone were 1.4, 9.4 and 1305, respectively. Second, the ID50 values required to block apomorphine-induced emesis in beagles (peripheral receptor-mediated response) were compared with those required to block apomorphine-induced stereotypy (central receptor-mediated response) in rats. Central/peripheral ID50 ratios of 234, 9.2, 129 and 7040 were obtained, respectively, for L-646,462, haloperidol, metoclopramide and domperidone. The selectivity of L-646,462 for peripheral serotonin (5-HT) receptors in rats was determined by measuring its effectiveness in blocking 5-HT-induced paw edema (peripheral response) and 5-hydroxytryptophan induced head twitch (central response); a ratio of 114 was obtained. This value agrees nicely with the ratio of 143 derived in the rat ( vide supra) for peripheral selectivity for dopamine receptors. L-646,462 is, therefore, selective in vivo, preferentially blocking dopamine and 5-HT receptors located outside the blood-brain barrier. With regard to dopamine-receptors, L-646,462 was about equipotent and more selective than metoclopramide, while being less potent and less selective than domperidone. Unlike metoclopramide or domperidone, L-646,462 also possessed a reasonably potent 5-HT receptor antagonist effect in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547179 TI - Mechanism for isaxonine hepatitis. I. Metabolic activation by mouse and human cytochrome P-450. AB - The metabolism of isaxonine was first investigated in mice. Incubation, under air, of [2-14C] isaxonine (1 mM) with mouse liver microsomes and an NADPH generating system resulted in the irreversible binding of a [14C] isaxonine metabolite to microsomal proteins; binding required active microsomes, NADPH and oxygen, it was inhibited by 4 mM piperonyl butoxide or by a CO-O2 (80:20) atmosphere. In the presence of various concentrations of isaxonine (0.125-2 mM), binding followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics; the Vmax was increased by both phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatments. In vivo, 2.5 hr after the administration of [2-14C] isaxonine (4 mmol X kg-1 i.p.), a [14C] isaxonine material was irreversibly bound to mouse liver proteins; this binding was decreased by piperonyl butoxide and increased by phenobarbital or 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatments. Irreversible binding also occurred in the kidney. Unlike their effects in the liver, piperonyl butoxide and phenobarbital did not modify significantly in vitro metabolic activation by kidney microsomes and in vivo covalent binding to kidney proteins; pretreatment with 3 methylcholanthrene increased both in vitro and in vivo binding in the kidney. In a second series of experiments, in vitro metabolic activation was demonstrated with human liver microsomes; as in mice, covalent binding required NADPH and was markedly inhibited by piperonyl butoxide. We conclude that isaxonine is activated by mouse and human cytochromes P-450 into a reactive metabolite. In vivo covalent binding to mouse liver and kidney proteins appears to result mainly from the in situ binding of the metabolite formed in each organ. PMID- 6547180 TI - Mechanism for isaxonine hepatitis. II. Protective role of glutathione and toxicological studies in mice. AB - Coincubation of 0.4 mM [3H]glutathione with 4 mM isaxonine , an NADPH-generating system, glutathione S-transferase and mouse liver microsomes, followed by thin layer chromatography of the incubation mixture, resulted in the appearance of a 3H-labeled peak with characteristics consistent with a glutathione- isaxonine metabolite adduct: this peak was absent if either isaxonine or the NADPH generating system was omitted and was decreased if the transferase was omitted. In vivo, the concentrations of hepatic glutathione and glutathione disulfide were markedly decreased 2.5 hr after administration of isaxonine (4 mmol X kg-1 i.p.); this depletion of glutathione was prevented essentially by pretreatment with piperonyl butoxide. In vitro, addition of 4 mM glutathione decreased markedly the amount of [14C] isaxonine metabolite that bound to microsomal proteins during incubation of 1 mM [2-14C] isaxonine with hepatic microsomes and an NADPH generating system. In vivo, pretreatment with diethylmaleate decreased further hepatic glutathione concentration and markedly increased the amount of [14C] isaxonine metabolite covalently bound to hepatic proteins, 2.5 hr after administration of [2-14C] isaxonine (4 mmol X kg-1 i.p.). Administration of isaxonine (4 mmol X kg-1 i.p.) decreased hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentration, but failed to produce liver cell necrosis, even in mice pretreated with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene or diethylmaleate, despite high levels of in vivo covalent binding in pretreated animals. We conclude that the reactive metabolite of isaxonine may be conjugated with glutathione or may covalently bind to hepatic proteins. The metabolite, however, has limited hepatotoxic potential in mice. PMID- 6547181 TI - Effects of in-vitro fertilization, culture, freezing and transfer on the ability of mouse embryos to implant and survive. AB - The survival after transfer of frozen-thawed mouse blastocysts obtained from culture of in-vitro fertilized oocytes or 1- and 2-cell ova was compared. About 10% of transferred embryos developed to term in each group and there was no difference between embryos fertilized in vitro or in vivo. In addition to embryonic loss due to transfer, in-vitro cultivation and freezing reduced the proportion of fetuses considered viable at Day 15 of pregnancy (29.8 versus 50.7% and 26.3 versus 50.7% respectively). When used together these procedures had an additive effect on fetal wastage (18.4 versus 50.7%). In-vitro culture also entailed a significant increase of resorbing implantation sites (10.2 versus 4.3%). The re-expansion rate after freezing and thawing of blastocysts grown in vitro was paradoxically greater than that of blastocysts grown in vivo (85.8 versus 54.6%). PMID- 6547182 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases and family planning. Strange or natural bedfellows? AB - As disciplines of reproductive medicine, the fields of sexually transmitted diseases and family planning are characterized by intrinsic similarities and fundamental differences. The similarities provide a foundation upon which to merge the two disciplines, but the differences pose practical limitations. While a union of these two fields into a common endeavor is conceptually appealing for both the provider and consumer, the differences make the merger a difficult task. PMID- 6547183 TI - The effect of bilateral medial meniscectomy on articular cartilage of the hip joint. AB - Bilateral medial meniscectomy of the knee joint was undertaken in 4 mature greyhounds. Four greyhounds of similar age served as nonsurgical controls. Six months after meniscectomy, all animals were sacrificed and femoral head articular cartilage (FHC) examined for collagen, uronic acid, galactosamine, glucosamine and hyaluronic acid (HA) content. The sequential extractability of proteoglycans (PG) with non-dissociative (0.5 M GuHCl) and dissociative (0.4 M GuHCl) solvents was also investigated. The levels of collagen, uronic acid, galactosamine and glucosamine of the FHC of the meniscectomized group remained normal relative to FHC taken from the control greyhounds but the level of HA was significantly depressed (p less than 0.05). The amount of PG extracted by 0.5 M GuHCl from the FHC of the meniscectomized group was 2.5 X that extracted from control cartilage. In addition, subsequent extraction of the residues with 4.0 M GuHCl only released half the amounts of PG extracted from control FHC under the same conditions. PMID- 6547184 TI - Assessment of neuromuscular blockade using tetanic, single-twitch and train-of four responses: discussion paper. PMID- 6547185 TI - Positive identification of a measles virus cDNA clone encoding a region of the phosphoprotein. AB - A measles virus-specific cDNA clone, C1-G, that was previously assigned as a hemagglutinin-specific clone has been reassigned as a phosphoprotein-specific clone. The nucleotide sequence of C1-G was used to deduce the amino acid sequence. A synthetic peptide was constructed from a portion of the deduced sequence, and antisera were prepared. The antibodies directed against this synthetic peptide specifically precipitated the phosphoprotein of measles virus and not the hemagglutinin. PMID- 6547187 TI - Neodymium: YAG laser treatment of benign urethral strictures. AB - A total of 17 patients with benign urethral strictures underwent treatment with circumferential application of neodymium: YAG laser irradiation to the strictured area. Foley catheter drainage was used postoperatively in only 2 patients and no treatment complications were observed. Although early postoperative results were good 11 patients (64 per cent) suffered recurrent stricture within 6 months of treatment. With the method described, neodymium: YAG laser phototherapy of urethral strictures appears to offer no treatment advantages over conventional therapy and is associated with a high recurrence rate. PMID- 6547186 TI - Mutation in the matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus can result in decreased fusion glycoprotein incorporation into particles and decreased infectivity. AB - Virus particles produced in eggs by the group D ts mutants of Newcastle disease virus at permissive temperature display low infectious and hemolytic activities (M.E. Peeples and M. A. Bratt , J. Virol. 42:440-446, 1982). These lower activities correlate with a decreased incorporation of F1+2 (fusion glycoprotein) into virus particles, compared with that for wild type. The incorporation of F1+2 into virus particles of the group D mutants is also lower than that for wild type when grown in chicken embryo cells in culture at either permissive or nonpermissive temperature. The infectivity of virions from these mutants correlates with the amounts of F1+2 in the virus particles, below a certain concentration, indicating that the quantity of F1+2 in virus particles is a determining factor in the infectivity of those particles. In addition, one of these mutants, D1, produces an M (matrix protein) which migrates at a faster rate in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three of four revertants of D1 have coreverted to wild-type M electrophoretic mobility, associating M with the ts lesion and the other observed phenotypes. In each of these revertants, as well as in three revertants each from D2 and D3, there has been coreversion from the low specific infectious and hemolytic activities to greater, and often wild-type, activities. There is also a coreversion for F1+2 incorporation into virions. All of the revertants incorporate F1+2 into virions more efficiently than their mutant parents. The coreversions associate those phenotypes with the ts lesion and, in the case of D1, with the M lesion as well. PMID- 6547188 TI - [A case of primary malignant lymphoma in the thyroid gland arising from pre existing Hashimoto's disease]. AB - Primary malignant lymphoma in the thyroid gland is relatively rare. It has been reported that primary malignant lymphomas comprise 0.8-8% of all thyroid malignancies. The relation to Hashimoto's disease is controversial. A 63-year-old woman with a 9-year history of diffuse goiter visited our hospital. A clinical diagnosis of Hashimoto's disease had previously been made. After 15 months, she noted the rapid growth of the goiter and enlargement of cervical lymph nodes . A cervical lymph node was biopsied, histologic examination lymphoma (large lymphoid diffuse type). This suggests that malignant lymphoma in the thyroid gland may arise from pre-existing Hashimoto's disease. PMID- 6547189 TI - [Gastric lymphosarcoma associated with early carcinoma (type IIa)--a case report]. AB - We report a case of gastric lymphosarcoma associated with early carcinoma (type IIa). Lymphosarcoma was also seen in the small intestine, but there were no metastatic lesions in the lymph nodes , liver, and peritoneum. This suggest that lymphosarcoma was the primary cancer in both the stomach and small intestine. Microscopically, the early carcinoma was a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma . Only two earlier cases of coexistent gastric lymphosarcoma and early gastric carcinoma have been reported in the literature. PMID- 6547190 TI - [Changes in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery in myocardial infarct]. AB - A polygraphic study involved 122 patients with acute myocardial infarction mostly of transmural nature. In 42 cases using parallel catheterization, barograms of the right portion of the heart and pulmonary artery were recorded. The above non invasive techniques were tested in relation to their suitability for the indirect determination of the pulmonary circulation pressure. Mathematically substantiated formula are presented designed for the indirect measurement of right atrium and pulmonary pressure. The localization of the primary infarction in the left ventricle anterior wall, recurrent necrosis of the cardiac muscle, attendant essential hypertension and diabetes mellitus are shown to be associated with a more pronounced pulmonary hypertension. An attempt is made to elicit the mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension by correlating the phasic structures of the systole of the right and left ventricles. PMID- 6547191 TI - Parenteral aluminum administration in the dog: II. Induction of osteomalacia and effect on vitamin D metabolism. AB - There is an association between bone aluminum (Al) accumulation and dialysis associated osteomalacia (OM). To study whether Al is pathogenic in OM, quantitative bone histomorphometry was done in six dogs before (Bx 1) and after (Bx 2) 3 to 5 weeks of intravenous Al administration (1 mg Al /kg/day). Bone Al was determined by histochemical and chemical methods. The percent osteoid rose from 2.8 +/- 0.8 to 7.0 +/- 4.3% (mean +/- SD), P less than 0.05, and osteoid width increased from 5.7 +/- 0.6 to 8.0 +/- 1.2 mu, P less than 0.01, after Al. Bone Al rose from 1.3 +/- 1.6 to 94.0 +/- 19.0 mg/kg after Al, and the severity of OM, expressed as either percent forming surface or percent osteoid, correlated with bone Al measured histochemically and expressed as either percent surface or percent area of trabecular bone staining for Al (r = 0.85 - 0.90, P less than 0.01). Poor tetracycline uptake (six dogs), which indicates impaired mineralization, and little or no separation of tetracycline labels (four dogs) were noted at Bx 2; thus, bone apposition and formation rates were below the limits of detection. Resorptive surface did not change but trabecular volume, expressed as percent of tissue volume, fell from 22.1 +/- 3.0 to 17.1 +/- 1.4%, P less than 0.05. Serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D fell from 26.8 +/- 9.1 to 4.5 +/- 5.5 pg/ml after 17 days of Al; serum 25(OH)D levels were unchanged. These data indicate that Al can cause OM and that its severity correlates with the bone Al content.2 + PMID- 6547192 TI - Multilamelled structures from the lungs of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. AB - Multilamellated structures (MS), which accumulate in the lungs of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, were examined under the electron microscope. MS, in general, consisted of alternating light and dark lamellae arranged concentrically about membranous vesicles or electron-dense bodies. The darker osmiophilic lamellae consisted of trilaminar membranes 80 to 100 A thick, and the lighter lamellae, which varied from 150 to 300 A in width, appeared amorphous. MS made up 42.6 +/- 12.4% (n = 4) of the total particulate volume present in the pulmonary lavage effluents. MS resembled tubular myelin structures from the lungs of patients, although these latter structures accounted for only 1.6 +/- 2.3% (n = 4) of the total particulate volume. Abnormalities, such as polygonal tubules, irregular tubule dimensions, and large size potential, indicated that tubular myelin structures in the lungs of patients were variable in structure. MS appear to be a form of tubular myelin structure. MS were treated with a variety of disruptive agents and then examined under the electron microscope. Information was obtained about the composition of the MS and the intermolecular forces involved in their three-dimensional organization. Extraction of the MS with acetone or treatment of the structures with phospholipase c resulted in loss of membranes from the structures without a concomitant loss of the intermembranous amorphous material, indicating that phospholipids were a major membrane component. Analysis of phospholipids in the acetone extracts of the MS revealed that the membranes consisted of 45% phosphatidylcholine and that the major fatty acid of the phosphatidylcholine was palmitate (76%). The amorphous material of the intermembranous spaces consisted primarily of protein, since it was destroyed by the proteases trypsin and pronase without loss of the membranes. Reducing agents such as mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol were disruptive, indicating the importance of disulfide bridges between the protein constituents in maintaining the integrity of the MS. The significance of hydrophobic interactions between the protein constituents was demonstrated by the disruptive action of chaotropic agents according to the sequence KSCN greater than KI greater than KCl. These data indicate that MS consist of phospholipid membranes organized in a protein matrix maintained by intermolecular disulfide bridges and hydrophobic interactions. PMID- 6547193 TI - Structural studies on the bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan pseudomurein. I. Conformational energy calculations on the glycan strands in C1 conformation and comparison with murein. AB - Conformational energy calculations have been used to explore the conformations which may be realized for the sugar moiety of murein and pseudomurein. For the building blocks of the pseudomurein sugar strands, i.e. for the monosaccharides beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and alpha-L-N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid (NAT), both in C1 ring conformation, as well as for their 1,3 and 1,4 linked disaccharides, the favoured conformations were obtained. The helical parameters of sugar strands of both linkage types, which describe the regular structure of the corresponding polysaccharides, poly-(1,3-NAT-NAG) and poly-(1,4-NAT-NAG), were calculated. Both types of polysaccharides poly-(NAG-NAT) considered in this study favoured extended conformations, which in the case of 1,3 linked polymers showed less gain of length per saccharide unit compared to 1,4 linked poly-(NAG NAT) residues. For a 1,3 linked sugar moiety of pseudomurein every pair of neighbouring peptides attached to glycan chain pointed in favoured conformations approximately to opposite sides of the strands, whereas in a 1,4 linked poly-(NAG NAT) the peptides protruded approximately to the same side of the glycan moiety. A comparison between pseudomurein and murein revealed that the sugar moieties of both peptidoglycans have similar features in respect to their overall structure, i.e. both favoured more or less extended structures. In contrast to these data the shapes of the resulting polysaccharide moieties were remarkably different. In poly-(1,3-NAG-NAT) the glycan chains possessed a zig-zag-like arrangement, whereas for glycan chains of the murein type relatively flat structures were preferred. These remaining differences in the conformational arrangement between both peptidoglycans depend strongly on the C1 chair conformation of NAT. It is, therefore, attractive to speculate about an hypothetical pseudomurein sugar chain configuration comprising beta-L-N-acetyltalosaminuronic acid in its 1C conformation. PMID- 6547194 TI - Alkaloids from Strychnos chrysophylla. PMID- 6547195 TI - A program for computing power spectra on a microcomputer. AB - A computer program is presented that will calculate Fourier transforms and power spectra. The program is written in assembly language for the Z-80 microprocessor and has been used on a Radio Shack TRS-80 microcomputer to analyze time-dependent data from laboratory experiments. PMID- 6547196 TI - The aging MMPI: development of contemporary norms. AB - Twenty-five years of experience with the Mayo Clinic computerized system for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) have accrued since Swenson , Rome, and their colleagues proposed this innovation in 1959. Although it is the most respected, widely used, and thoroughly researched objective personality assessment instrument that has been developed to date, the MMPI is aging. Work on the MMPI began in 1937, and the original normative base was established in the late 1930s and early 1940s . To develop new norms, we selected a random sample of 1,408 subjects, not under care for any physically or mentally handicapping condition and ranging in age from 18 through 99 years, from parts of Iowa, Wisconsin, and Minnesota in a 50-mile radius surrounding Rochester, Minnesota. MMPI responses obtained from this sample were used to develop normalized T-score tables for specific age ranges, and for adults in general, for the 13 basic scales of the MMPI. PMID- 6547197 TI - Synovial response to laser induced carbon ash residue. AB - Most surgical applications of CO2 laser energy permit carbonized and devitalized tissue to slough and become exteriorized through some natural orifice. The use of laser energy in joints with no external communication, however, must rely on synovial response to clear the carbon ash residue. Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits underwent arthrotomy and subtotal laser meniscectomy with no effort to cleanse the carbon residue. The animals were sacrificed at regular intervals up to 8 weeks, and the menisci and synovium were harvested for microscopic inspection. The initial synovial response was characterized by hypertrophic changes with a moderate increase in cell population and subsynovial interstitial fluid. Particulate matter was invested by the synovium, and provoked an influx of acute inflammatory cells. By 6 weeks, only rare particles of carbonaceous material were found in the synovium and no particulate matter could be located by 8 weeks. Laser induced carbon ash residue appears relatively innocuous to the joint in vivo and is readily cleared by an adequate and short-lived synovial response. PMID- 6547198 TI - Effect of enkephalin on the micturition cycle of the cat. AB - The effect of the synthetic opiate [D-Ala2, Me-Phe4]-leu-enkephalin ( DAMLE ) on the micturition cycle of the cat was studied. In vivo assays were performed with young male cats under two different conditions: 1) decerebrated cats (D-cats), with an intercollicular transection of the brainstem, and 2) spinal cats (S cats), with a spinal transection between C5-C6. In vitro studies were carried out on bladder strips taken from adult male cats. The D-cats showed two types of voiding patterns: the first type (I) was characterized by a smooth wave of pressure and an incomplete emptying of the bladder; the second type (II) began like the type I, but ended with a series of small contractions accompanied by small jets of liquid, resulting in the complete emptying of the bladder. DAMLE inhibited vesical contractions and completely inhibited voiding in D-cats at doses equal or superior to 250 micrograms/kg i.v.; no effect was noted with lower doses. Vesical contractions were hardly affected in S-cats, even at high doses (greater than 350 micrograms/kg i.v.). DAMLE did not affect electrically induced contractions of isolated bladder strips. Naloxone not only antagonized the inhibitory effects of DAMLE , but also induced per se a contraction of the bladder. These results indicate that enkephalinergic neurons are involved in the central neural circuitry of the micturition cycle in the cat, with an inhibitory effect at the level of either the ascending spinal pathways or the pontine Barrington 's center. PMID- 6547199 TI - [Automated system for collecting and processing experimental biomedical data]. AB - The structure, functional capabilities and applications of the automated system for collecting and processing experimental medical data are described. The system is based on the minicomputer M-7000 and commercially available biomedical devices. Original algorithms of filtering, coding and classifying entities representing multiple features are used for data processing. PMID- 6547200 TI - Uric acid: functions and determination. PMID- 6547201 TI - Assay of superoxide dismutase activity in tumor tissue. PMID- 6547203 TI - As goes California... PMID- 6547202 TI - An image processing system for the analysis of gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6547204 TI - Management of liver disease in dogs and cats. AB - A Doberman with jaundice, hepatomegaly and cranial abdominal pain had evidence of centrilobular necrosis on liver biopsy. Therapy with fluids, ampicillin and rest resulted in recovery. A Collie hit by a car developed traumatic hepatopathy and myopathy. The animal recovered with rest as the only treatment. A mongrel with hepatic lymphosarcoma benefited from chemotherapy for 5 months before euthanasia was necessary. A cat became lethargic and anorectic 9 days after an oral dose of piperazine. Liver biopsy revealed fatty change, vacuolation and mononuclear infiltration. Supportive care with amoxicillin, fluids and a high caloric intake resulted in recovery. Laparotomy in a jaundiced, anorectic cat revealed an obstructed common bile duct. Cholecystoduodenostomy and supportive care resulted in recovery. A vomiting, lethargic, jaundiced cat had evidence of chronic cholangitis on liver biopsy. The animal recovered after treatment with amoxicillin, fluids, prednisolone and forced feeding. PMID- 6547205 TI - Common control of the heat shock gene and early adenovirus genes: evidence for a cellular E1A-like activity. AB - We have employed an antiserum specific to the 70-kilodalton human heat shock protein and a cDNA clone specific to the mRNA for this protein to analyze the expression of the gene under noninducing conditions. Expression of the heat shock gene can be detected in the absence of heat induction, and this uninduced level of expression depends greatly on the particular cell type. For instance, the basal expression of the heat shock gene is at least 50 times higher in HeLa cells than in WI38 cells at both the mRNA and protein levels. We have previously shown that the inducer of transcription of the early adenovirus genes, the E1A gene product, also induces the heat shock gene, suggesting that these genes may be subject to the same regulation. We have, therefore, investigated the control of the adenovirus genes in relation to the cellular control of the heat shock gene. We find that human cells that allow a high level of uninduced expression of the heat shock gene (i.e., HeLa cells) also allow expression of the early adenovirus genes in the absence of the E1A inducer. The same is also true for the mouse F9 teratocarcinoma cell line. F9 stem cells, which constitutively express the heat shock protein, allow early adenovirus gene expression in the absence of E1A; upon differentiation induced by retinoic acid and cyclic AMP, the cells become restrictive and early viral gene expression requires the E1A gene product. Coordinately, upon differentiation there is also a loss of heat shock protein expression. PMID- 6547207 TI - Acute dysuria in women. PMID- 6547206 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 25-1984. A 74-year-old man with treated lymphoma and persistent wheezing. PMID- 6547208 TI - Calcitriol for congenital osteopetrosis. PMID- 6547209 TI - Effect of somatic mutation within translocated c-myc genes in Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Our previous studies of a translocated c-myc gene in the Raji Burkitt's lymphoma cell showed somatic mutations in exons 1 and 2. We have extended these observations to two other translocated c-myc genes and find a common occurrence of mutation in the noncoding exon 1. We also found that in Raji cells, unlike other Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines, the normal allele of the c-myc gene is transcribed as well as the translocated gene. These results support a model in which c-myc oncogene activation in Burkitt's lymphoma occurs by disruption of a normal transcriptional control mechanism in which the c-myc protein is itself involved. PMID- 6547211 TI - A new antithrombotic agent in the treatment of acute renal failure due to hemolytic-uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6547210 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the rat atrial natriuretic factor precursor. AB - Atrial extracts contain factors which induce potent natriuresis changes in renal haemodynamics, and relax pre-contracted vascular smooth muscle. Low-molecular weight peptides which mimic these actions have now been purified by several groups, including ours (see accompanying paper), and higher-molecular-weight proteins with similar but less potent biological activities have also been identified and are presumed to be precursors. If released into the circulation, these peptides, collectively called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), may play a significant part in blood-pressure homeostasis, regulation of extracellular fluid volume and as antagonists to the hypertensive effects of the renin-angiotensin system and other hormonal and neurotransmitter systems. We describe here the isolation and characterization of rat atrial cDNA clones which encode ANF. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that auriculin corresponds to the 25 amino acids located close to the C-terminus of a 152-amino acid ANF precursor. Analysis of the in vitro translation products of precursor ANF mRNA suggests that multiple forms of the precursor may exist. PMID- 6547212 TI - Nephritogenic glycoprotein X. Correlation between the purity of nephritogenic glycopeptide, nephritogenoside, and morphological manifestation of glomerulonephritis. AB - When triglycosyl glycopeptide ( nephritogenoside ) was contaminated with glucosyl, galactosyl, mannosyl, and heteropolysaccharide glycopeptide, a mixed lesion of proliferative glomerulonephritis ( PGN ) with immunofluorescent mesangial pattern and membranous glomerulonephritis (MG) with immunofluorescent granular pattern resulted. It was concluded that PGN was caused by the presence of nephritogenoside and MG by the presence of the heteropolysaccharide glycopeptide in the crude nephritogenic glycopeptide mixtures derived from various solubilization steps used to treat the kidney extracts. Trichloroacetic acid treatment of crude nephritogenic glycopeptide mixtures precipitated the heteropolysaccharide glycopeptide of the MG-inducing factor, thus permitting the separation of nephritogenoside from the heteropolysaccharide glycopeptide by a rather simple technique. Both the heteropolysaccharide glycopeptide and Heymann's antigen (so-called tubular antigen) have a common antigenic substance, but we cannot conclude, at the present state, that both substances are chemically the same. The degree of contamination of pure nephritogenoside by this substance that is antigenically the same as Heymann's antigen (in pure nephritogenoside ) can be chemically and accurately determined, based on the evidence that pure nephritogenoside is a glycopeptide having only three glucose residues as the sugar moiety, that is, by estimating the amount of contaminated monosaccharide components such as galactose, mannose, and N-acetylglucosamine. PMID- 6547213 TI - Intrinsic behavioural actions of n-propyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate. AB - The behavioural effects of n-propyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (beta-CCP) were assessed in the social interaction test of anxiety and in the holeboard test of exploratory behaviour. n-Propyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate (2 mg/kg) significantly reduced the time spent in social interaction without affecting locomotor activity, indicating an anxiogenic action. This reduction was not significantly reversed by chlordiazepoxide (3 mg/kg). In the holeboard, beta-CCP (4 mg/kg) reduced exploratory head-dipping and rearing; neither of these effects was significantly reversed by chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg). The actions of beta-CCP in these two tests are similar to those of the structurally-related compound ethyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate. PMID- 6547214 TI - [Leptomeningeal carcinomatous metastases]. AB - The metastatic involvement of leptomeninges is an uncommon complication of systemic cancer, but there are evidences that its incidence is increasing, particularly for breast cancer. The two commonest primary sites are the breast and the lung and adenocarcinoma is the most frequent histologic type of carcinoma to metastasize to the leptomeninges. Clinical diagnosis is suggested by the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms and signs in more than one areas of CNS. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid is the most helpful diagnostic procedure. A combination of radiotherapy and intrathecal or intraventricular administration of Methotrexate seems to be the most successful treatment. PMID- 6547215 TI - Thalamic commissural connections in the cat. AB - In order to identify possible connections between the two thalami injections of wheat germ agglutinin-coupled horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) were made unilaterally in the thalamus of adult cats. Except for the ventral lateral geniculate body, the nucleus reticularis thalami (R) is the only thalamic structure which shows labeled cells bilaterally following multiple unilateral thalamic injections of WGA-HRP. Furthermore, it appears that the nucleus ventralis medialis and adjoining ventralis lateralis is one main - and possibly sole - recipient area of a bilateral input from R. PMID- 6547216 TI - Labelling of interneurones by retrograde transsynaptic transport of horseradish peroxidase from motoneurones in rats and cats. AB - Transsynaptic transport of conjugates of wheat germ agglutinin with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) has been studied in rats and cats. WGA-HRP was injected into a muscle nerve from which it was first transported to motoneurones and along sensory fibres, and secondarily to interneurones. More extensive labelling of interneurones occurred in preparations with only relevant ventral roots intact than in preparations with only dorsal roots intact, which indicates that the transsynaptic transport of WGA-HRP is primarily in the retrograde direction, i.e. from motoneurones to interneurones. Such a transport appeared to be considerably enhanced by neuronal activity. PMID- 6547217 TI - Antinociceptive activity of salmon calcitonin injected intrathecally in the rat. AB - Salmon calcitonin injected intrathecally in unanesthetized rats produced long lasting, dose-dependent elevations of nociceptive threshold as measured in the hot plate test. This antinociceptive action was nonopiate in nature as it was uninfluenced by the narcotic antagonists naloxone and MR 1452; moreover, the peptide was still able to raise the nociceptive threshold in morphine-tolerant rats. It is suggested that the spinal cord may represent one of the sites of action for calcitonin-induced antinociception. PMID- 6547218 TI - Are you fluent in computerese? PMID- 6547219 TI - Does your practice need a second opinion? PMID- 6547220 TI - Comparison of M-2 protocol with COP in patients with nodular lymphoma. AB - 58 consecutively referred, previously untreated patients with nodular lymphomas (stages III and IV) were treated with two different combination chemotherapy regimens-(cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (COP), and BCNU , cyclophosphamide, vincristine, melphalan and prednisone (M-2) - to compare remission induction and duration as well as survival. The two groups were comparable for age, stage IV and histology. The complete response for each combination was greater than 80%. Median duration of remission for the COP treated patients is 18 months. Remission duration and survival are superior for M 2-treated patients. The difference in remission duration and survival advantage is statistically significant for the M-2 protocol compared with COP at 5 years (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6547221 TI - Ocular hypertension following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy: a potentially blinding complication. AB - A dense secondary membrane was treated with a Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy with marked improvement in visual acuity, from count fingers to 6/9 (20/40). Four hours following therapy, visual acuity in the treated eye was no light perception, due to extreme ocular hypertension (over 80 mm Hg). The extreme elevation in intraocular pressure appears to have been caused by cellular debris obstructing the trabecular meshwork in an angle already compromised by angle recession. An emergency paracentesis was successful in restoring the visual acuity. PMID- 6547222 TI - Reopening cyclodialysis cleft with Nd:YAG laser following trabeculectomy. AB - A patient with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent a trabeculectomy according to Watson's technique. Postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) ranged from 8 to 11 mm Hg. However, repeat slit lamp evaluation revealed the absence of bleb formation. Two months post-filtration surgery the patient developed the sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, supraorbital pain, and blurred vision. The IOP was 46 mm Hg and gonioscopy revealed a hyaline membrane covering a cyclodialysis cleft. A Nd:YAG laser was used to reopen the cleft, with normalization of IOP. PMID- 6547223 TI - A micro-computer program package for the computation of intraocular lens powers. AB - An accurate micro-computer software package has been designed to assist in the calculation of IOL powers. This program set should be able to be used on any Z80 computer with the CPM operating system. It accepts measurement data, calculates the implant powers and their estimated postoperative refractions, using the same formulas as the Binkhorst IOL Power Module used in the TI- 58C programmable calculator. The advantages are that the method of entry of data helps to eliminate the clerical errors such as number transposition and impossible value entry. The program also allows for the storage of the patient information in a disc file for future use. This can speed the search for a patient's records and help to increase the efficiency of the office. The program can be executed in much less time and with greater accuracy and legibility than is possible with the TI- 58C programs. PMID- 6547224 TI - The effects of intrathecal morphine and naltrexone on autotomy in sciatic nerve sectioned rats. AB - Rats were implanted with an intrathecal catheter aimed at the lumbar enlargement (LE). Morphine hydrochloride (240 micrograms/day) was infused continuously on the spinal cord for 14 days with an osmotic minipump delivering 0.5 microliter/h solution or a bolus dose of naltrexone (37.5, 75 or 150 micrograms) was injected intrathecally. Intrathecally infused morphine delivered on the dorsum of the LE induced analgesia, as tested on the hot plate, whereas normal saline was without effect. Naltrexone caused hyperalgesia revealed as decreased threshold for vocalization to electrical stimulation of the tail. Rats with unilaterally sectioned sciatic nerves that were continuously infused with morphine on the dorsum of the LE autotomized significantly less than saline controls. Nerve sectioned rats injected with naltrexone had an overall level of autotomy similar to saline controls. However, autotomy had a somewhat earlier onset and was more severe with naltrexone than with saline. It is therefore concluded that intrathecal infusion of opiates specifically reduces autotomy, a behavior that may occur as a result of chronic discomfort or pain following nerve injury. Furthermore, the endogenous opiate system at the spinal level may be involved in the control of autotomy. PMID- 6547225 TI - The Society for Behavioral Pediatrics: a new portal in a rapidly moving boundary. PMID- 6547227 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition: Imitation and substitute milks. PMID- 6547228 TI - Isolation and identification of 4-hydroxysulfamerazine and preliminary studies on its pharmacokinetics in dogs. AB - For the following compounds: sulfamerazine, 4- hydroxysulfamerazine , N4- acetylsulfamerazine , N4-acetyl-4- hydroxysulfamerazine , the following data are reported: biosynthesis in the dog, isolation, identification by MS and NMR, TLC (Rf values) and HPLC (capacity factors and molar extinction), half-life of elimination, metabolism, renal excretion and protein binding in dog. Dogs are unable to acetylate sulfamerazine, but eliminate predominantly by hydroxylation of the N1-substituent. Administered N4- acetylsulfamerazine is predominantly eliminated by deacetylation to sulfamerazine which in turn is hydroxylated. The renal clearances of sulfamerazine and N4- acetylsulfamerazine in the dog are identical. The renal excretion of both compounds proceeds by the passive processes of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. 4- Hydroxysulfamerazine and its glucuronide have a higher renal clearance than sulfamerazine. PMID- 6547226 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in sexually active adolescents: prevalence and risk factors. AB - The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection was studied in a sexually active urban Baltimore adolescent population. Possible risk factors such as age, past history of sexually transmitted disease, number of sexual partners, contact with sexually transmitted disease, oral contraceptive use, and concomitant gonococcal infection were also evaluated. The prevalence of chlamydial infection in the 280 adolescents studied was 26%: 35% in male adolescents, 27% in pregnant female adolescents, and 23% in nonpregnant female adolescents. Chlamydia was almost three times as prevalent as gonorrhea in the same population. Age, past history of sexually transmitted disease, oral contraceptive use, and concomitant gonorrhea were not significantly associated with chlamydial infection. However, multiple current sexual partners, contact with sexually transmitted disease, genitourinary symptoms, and cervical ectopy were significantly associated with chlamydial infection. Testing for chlamydial infection in sexually active urban teenagers is recommended for those with genitourinary symptoms, those with cervical ectopy, or those who are contacts of persons with sexually transmitted disease. Considering the reservoir of infection in the asymptomatic female adolescents, screening for chlamydial infections in family planning clinics warrants consideration. PMID- 6547229 TI - The effect of two glucocorticoids on plasma glucose and milk production in healthy cows and the therapeutic effect in ketosis. AB - In a cross-over study of six clinically healthy cows in early lactation, injection of 10 mg dexamethasone isonicotinate caused significantly increased plasma glucose for six days and significantly decreased milk yield for one day. The corresponding effects of 10 mg dexamethasone phosphate + 20 mg dexamethasone phenylpropionate lasted for at least nine and seven days, respectively. The therapeutic effect in bovine ketosis of the two preparations was measured by means of analysis of acetone plus acetoacetate in milk sampled daily during eight days post treatment. Acetone plus acetoacetate in milk from cows given dexamethasone phosphate + dexamethasone phenylpropionate (n = 11) decreased to normal levels and from the fourth day after treatment was significantly lower than in cows given dexamethasone isonicotinate (n = 12). PMID- 6547231 TI - Pediatric genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis: statistically nonsignificant, but clinically important. PMID- 6547230 TI - Many trypanosome messenger RNAs share a common 5' terminal sequence. AB - The mRNAs for different variant surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei start with the same 35 nucleotides. This sequence is encoded by a separate mini-exon, located in a 1.35-kb repetitive element. We have reported that trypanosomes contain many transcripts that hybridize to mini-exon probes, even if they do not make the surface antigens. We show here that these transcripts have the mini-exon sequence at their 5' end; they do not contain other sequences from the mini-exon repeat element and are polyadenylated. We have cloned DNA complementary to trypanosome mRNAs and randomly selected 17 clones containing mini-exon sequences. Thirteen of these are derived from different genes that do not code for surface antigens. We conclude that the mini-exon sequence is a common element at the 5' end of many trypanosome mRNAs. As the 200 genes for mini-exons are highly clustered, linkage of the mini-exon sequence to the remainder of most mRNAs may require discontinuous transcription. PMID- 6547232 TI - Vaginal Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children with sexual contact. AB - To determine whether vaginal infections with Chlamydia trachomatis in children were associated with sexual contact, 50 children ages 1 to 12 years with a history of sexual contact and 34 children without such a history were studied. Vaginal, throat and rectal cultures for C. trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae were performed in all children. Three children with sexual contact and none of the children without a history of sexual contact had vaginal infections. The three infected children were asymptomatic and only one had had vaginal intercourse. None of the 10 children with a history of sexual contact and gonorrheal vaginitis had C. trachomatis isolated. Although C. trachomatis vaginal infections as detected by vaginal cultures are infrequent, we recommend that all girls being evaluated for sexual contact be routinely cultured for C. trachomatis so that those infected can be treated. PMID- 6547233 TI - Methionine, cystine, sodium sulfate, and Fermacto-500 supplementation of practical-type diets for young turkeys. AB - Two experiments were conducted using a total of 1,296 poults divided into 144 pens to determine the effects of adding .10% DL-methionine, .10% L-cystine, .50% sodium-sulfate, and .125 or .250% Fermacto -500 to their diets. Large White and Medium White turkeys were raised to 7 and 8 weeks of age in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. Each of the 24 diets was fed to one pen of each sex in a 2 X 2 X 2 X 3 factorial design in the first experiment and to two pens of each sex in the second experiment. The basal diet, composed primarily of ground yellow corn and dehulled soybean meal, contained 28% protein, .49% methionine, and .41% cystine. Average body weights at the end of the experiments were increased 3.6% from .10% added DL-methionine, 3.4% from .10% added L-cystine, and 5.3 and 6.0% from .125 and .250% added Fermacto -500, respectively. Although sodium sulfate failed to increase final body weights, 2- and 4-week body weights were increased 3.2 and 2.1%, respectively. Sodium sulfate increased body weights more in the absence of added cystine, indicating a sparing effect of sodium sulfate on cystine. The increases in body weight from methionine and cystine were additive, indicating that the sulfur amino acid requirement is probably in excess of 1.10% and that .51% may be cystine. PMID- 6547234 TI - 4,4',6-Trimethylangelicin, a new very photoreactive and non skin-phototoxic monofunctional furocoumarin. PMID- 6547236 TI - [Models of cell recovery during fractionated and prolongated irradiation]. AB - On the basis of the previously proposed general model for cell recovery from radiation damage, and the ideas of the effective dose reduction, the models have been developed for the radiation regimes which are considered to be most interesting for application. There was a satisfactory agreement between the models and the experimental data. The questions of application of the models proposed are discussed. PMID- 6547235 TI - Effect of gamma irradiation on the reproductive system of the pond snail Physa acuta. AB - Changes in the survival rate in adults and embryos of the pond snail Physa acuta were studied after acute whole-body gamma irradiation. The LD50 value of the adult snails was about 40 kR. The LD50 values of the embryos irradiated 0 and 1 day after oviposition were about 0.9 and 2 kR, respectively. Histological changes in the ovotestis, the number of eggs laid, and their hatchability were examined in the irradiated adult snails. A fall and a subsequent recovery were observed for these characteristics after irradiation with 8 kR of gamma rays. The relative constitution of the germ-cell populations was greatly changed by the same dose of gamma rays. The proportion of immature germ cells was reduced, and the total number of germ cells also diminished 11 days after irradiation. After depletion, the ovotestis was first repopulated with gonia , and then with oocytes, spermatocytes, and spermatids. PMID- 6547237 TI - Positive-negative, chemical-ionization, direct exposure mass spectrometry of underivatized prostaglandins. AB - Nine underivatized prostaglandins were examined using direct exposure, ammonia, chemical-ionization, pulsed positive-negative ion mass spectrometry. The positive ion spectra were characterized by (M+18)+ ion adducts. The negative ion spectra were characterized by ions which depended upon the functionality present in the cyclopentane ring system (acetal for TXB2). The E and D series prostaglandins gave (M-18)- as the major negative ion, while the F series and TXB2 were characterized by negative ions corresponding to (M-1)-, and PGA2 by the parent (M)- ion. Prostaglandin 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was anomalous in this respect showing apparent dehydration, interpreted as an overall (M-18+1)+ and (M-18-1)- in the positive and negative ion spectra, respectively. All major ion types were shown to give essentially a linear response with respect to concentration in the 10 1000 ng range. Although these initial studies were conducted under ideal conditions, it would appear that direct chemical ionization techniques show promise for providing direct structural information on prostaglandins without the need for prior chemical derivatization. PMID- 6547238 TI - Proposed amendments of the NIH guidelines and comments by the director, NIAID. PMID- 6547239 TI - Questions concerning boundaries for NIH and RAC oversight. PMID- 6547240 TI - Toxins classified under Appendix F of the guidelines. PMID- 6547241 TI - Location of topics in NIH guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules. PMID- 6547242 TI - [Identification of the peridural space with the infusion method in relation to the incidence of inadvertent puncture of the dura]. AB - In 868 cases the identification of the epidural space was performed by plugging a running infusion drip. After accurate identification of the epidural space the patient received either 0.5% or 0.75% bupivacaine without adrenalin for operations on the lower extremities, at the perineum and for lower and upper abdominal surgery. Analgesia was adequate . The only disadvantage of this method as with the "loss of resistance" technique consists in the fact that, if inadvertent dural puncture occurs, it is impossible to recognize the difference between the epidural and spinal space, because the saline solution might reach in any case into the spinal space. In the last 512 cases in which we used the "infusion" technique we observed only 5 patients with an inadvertent dural puncture. Thus the frequency of this complication was below 1%. This is - even according to the latest publications - quite a satisfactory result. An unidentified accidental dural puncture and associated complication did not occur. PMID- 6547243 TI - Relationship between estrogen receptors and CMF adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6547244 TI - The logistic analysis of epidemiologic prospective studies: investigation by simulation. AB - We performed a Monte Carlo computer simulation of the Walker-Duncan logistic regression technique in a typical epidemiologic prospective setting and analysed the results with respect to the accuracy and reliability of the regression estimates and the associated statistical significance tests (Z-tests). The results strongly suggest that the estimates were neither accurate nor reliable. The magnitude of the difference between the average estimated regression coefficient and its true population value did not necessarily decrease as the sample size increased. The average estimated standard deviation of the estimate of the regression coefficient either overestimated or underestimated the actual standard deviation, the former occurring most, but not all, of the time. The significance tests (a two-tailed Z-test with a significance level of 0.05) had actual type I errors ranging from 0.00 to 0.24 for different samples. This approach is therefore inadequate as an epidemiologic tool for analysis of a Framingham-type prospective study. Further simulation studies are indicated. PMID- 6547245 TI - A low cost computerized system for data management in a surgical department. AB - A computerized system is necessary for a surgical ward in order to document systematically the performed activity and set up a follow-up for patients. The aim of this paper is to report a program to store, recall and processing clinical data concerning fundamental information about the hospitalized patients. The main characteristic of this system is its low cost, due to the low initial hardware investment and the easy introduction of data. The use of the program does not require trained personnel. The surgeon itself, setting out simple tests, is able to obtain clinical and statistical informations of epidemiologic interest, concerning surgical cases, incidence of complications and other parameters. The system has proven itself as the basis for future highly specialized data bases for scientific and clinical research. PMID- 6547246 TI - [Monoarthritis symptomatic of adjacent bone tumors. Study of 5 cases]. AB - The authors present 5 cases of monoarthritis which revealed adjacent bone tumours: a bony metastasis, a fibrosarcoma and three bone lymphomas. In three cases, the synovial histology showed lesions of non-specific synovitis without neoplastic invasion. A review of the literature demonstrates the rarity of these mono- or oligo- arthrites adjacent to bone tumours and two types can be distinguished: neoplastic invasion of the synovium or reactive non-specific synovitis without invasion. PMID- 6547247 TI - Allylamine derivatives: new class of synthetic antifungal agents inhibiting fungal squalene epoxidase. AB - A new class of synthetic antifungal agents, the allylamines , has been developed by modification of naftifine , a topical antimycotic. SF 86-327, the most effective of these compounds so far, is highly active in vitro against a wide range of fungi and exceeds clinical standards in the oral and topical treatment of guinea pig dermatophytoses. SF 86-327 is a powerful specific inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis. PMID- 6547248 TI - Using computer graphics to map origin-destination data describing health care delivery systems. AB - An interactive graphic computer program, called FLOWMAP, is used to examine the referral patterns of cancer patients in western Washington between 1974 and 1978. FLOWMAP allows one to produce several types of maps from origin-destination data easily and inexpensively. Several maps show some of the significant geographic components of the referral of more than 7000 cancer patients among 13 counties over a 5-year period. It is shown that cancer care has become more decentralized during this period. Nine other possible applications of FLOWMAP to issues of concern regarding the delivery of health care are described. Maps produced by FLOWMAP can be expected to cost 1/30 to 1/50 of the cost of comparable manual methods. An Appendix gives some technical detail regarding the use of FLOWMAP and its data requirements. PMID- 6547249 TI - Hepatitis B as a sexually transmitted disease in a black South African population. AB - This study compares the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBs) statuses of 1 032 Black patients with syphilis (338 male and 694 female) with those of 3 021 (758 male and 2 263 female--anti-HBs) and 8 310 (3 257 male and 5 053 female--HBsAg) unpaid blood donors with a negative syphilis test result who were of similar ethnic origin. The results for the groups of males showed no statistically significant differences even when the HBsAg and anti-HBs results were summed to provide an index of previous hepatitis B infection. In contrast, the group of females with syphilis had a significantly higher incidence of both markers compared with the blood donors (HBsAg in 7,20% v. 3,46% of controls and anti-HBs in 50,14% v. 41,05%). These findings would seem to support the view that hepatitis B viral infection may be more easily transmitted from males to females during sexual contact than vice versa. PMID- 6547250 TI - Intrathecal morphine for pelvic and sacral pain caused by cancer. AB - Ten patients underwent placement of a lumbar subarachnoid catheter attached to a subcutaneous reservoir allowing daily injection of intrathecal morphine sulfate by family members. Sacral and pelvic pain were fairly well controlled. Neck and leg pain and pain mediated by the celiac plexus were not as well controlled by the intrathecal injection of morphine. The only significant complication was collection of cerebrospinal fluid around three reservoirs. Using this technique, narcotic concentration and frequency of administration can be easily altered to provide a safe but effective dose. Lumbar administration appears to block pain from lumbar and sacral dermatomes without the sedating and mood-altering effects of systemic narcotics. PMID- 6547251 TI - [Clinical significance of retinopathy in premature infants]. PMID- 6547252 TI - Software survey section. PMID- 6547253 TI - [Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in a student population]. PMID- 6547254 TI - [Arterial pseudoaneurysm. An unusual complication of drug addiction]. PMID- 6547255 TI - [Morphological and functional changes following intracochlear implantation in acute experiments]. PMID- 6547257 TI - Multicentric lymphosarcoma in a Saanen goat. PMID- 6547256 TI - [Local hemostasis in surgical practice]. AB - Results of experimental and clinical investigations of a new local highly effective hemostatic drug " Gelplastan " are presented. Gelplastan was found to increase blood coagulation, to have strong adhesive and prolonged antibacterial properties. It is well resolved in the tissues, is biologically intact, has no side effects. PMID- 6547258 TI - Genome subunit reassortment among Bunyaviruses analysed by dot hybridization using molecularly cloned complementary DNA probes. AB - A simple and rapid procedure for determining the genotypes of viruses has been applied to analysis of genome subunit reassortment in heterologous crosses of Batai virus, Bunyamwera virus, and Maguari virus, three members of the Bunyamwera serogroup of bunyaviruses. The procedure for determining genotype made use of specific molecular probes to identify the parental origin of the L and M RNA subunits. Complementary DNA copies of the three RNA segments of Bunyamwera virus were prepared by reverse transcription using synthetic oligonucleotide primers for first and second strand synthesis. The cDNA transcripts were inserted into a pBR322 vector and gene-specific probes prepared from nick-translated plasmid DNA. L and M gene-specific probes were identified which could unequivocally discriminate Bunyamwera virus genome subunits in a dot-hybridization test using cytoplasmic RNA extracts immobilised on nitrocellulose filters. None of the S gene-specific probes were sufficiently discriminatory for use in this test. Instead the parental origin of the S RNA subunit was inferred from the electrophoretic mobility of the virion N protein. It was observed that reassortment did not occur at random in heterologous crosses of is mutants of the three viruses, and only the M RNA subunit appeared to segregate freely. However, unrestricted reassortment was observed when recombinant viruses with nonhomologous subunit combinations were used as the parental viruses. It was concluded, therefore, that restriction was mediated at the gene product level and that nonrandom reassortment was not due to incompatibility of genome subunits. PMID- 6547259 TI - [Primary isolated lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma of the liver (a case report)]. PMID- 6547260 TI - [Surface architectonics of lymphoid elements in children with lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma]. AB - The following three patterns of cell surface of lymphoid elements were identified in the course of rastr electron microscopic studies carried out in children with lymphosarcoma: marked plicate , relatively smooth and tuberous. No relationship between the pattern of tumor cell membrane and the site of sampling was established. Such diversity of lymphoid element surface pattern in children with lymphosarcoma is suggestive of the varying level of tumor cell differentiation and is, possibly, a manifestation of different stages of lymphocyte development. PMID- 6547261 TI - [Simulation modeling of the initiation of tumor growth in continually renewed cell systems]. AB - A discrete stochastic model of simulation of a cell renewal system is discussed. The model is based on a functional approach to the present-day concepts on the nature of processes of cell proliferation and differentiation as well as mechanisms responsible for integration of these processes. Due to application of specialized programming means of simulation (language GPSS /360) a complete functional pattern of maintenance of cell-population homeostasis in tissue was reproduced. Disturbances in certain mechanisms of intra-tissue regulatory system accompanied by formation of tumor growth foci were simulated experimentally. PMID- 6547263 TI - Arthroscopy of the injured knee. AB - A rather neglected method suitable for examination of the inner side of the knee joint is discussed. After describing the types of arthroscope and the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques, the arthroscopic picture of the inner formations of the knee-joint is described. Results achieved during a year are summed up and the importance of arthroscopy in early diagnosis is emphasized. PMID- 6547262 TI - [Endodermal sinus tumor--a contribution to the clinical aspects of ovarian tumors]. AB - Two cases of endodermal sinus tumor (EST) are described in a 19-year-old girl and a 50-year-old menopausal women, respectively. Exstirpation uteri totalis cum adnexis was carried out in both cases. According to the FIGO the tumors were classified as Ic. The histologic diagnosis of EST was based on the presence of elements such as extraembryonic mesoderm, yolk sac mesoderm, vascular structures with Schiller-Duval bodies, PAS-positive globules in Duval sinus spaces. In the first case, where the proposed chemotherapy was refused, the patient died 4 months later with symptoms of abdominal metastases. In the other case, chemotherapy was applied according to the VAC program. At 13 months of the treatment a relaparotomy was made and the lymphatic nodes taken showed no metastases. Three months later, the tumor relapsed and the patient died at 22 months of the therapy. In the light of their observations and literature data the authors recommended a radical surgical intervention combined with intense polychemotherapy as the only effective approach to the problem. PMID- 6547264 TI - A microcomputer-assisted bacteriology reporting and information system. AB - A microcomputer system for recording and reporting all specimens processed by a routine laboratory of clinical bacteriology is described. The system is based upon two multi-user microcomputers and all functions are carried out within the laboratory by the medical, technical and clerical staff. Data are recorded using visual display units ( VDU *s) and the laboratory has issued about 2700 final reports per week since January 1981. Data on all specimens are kept for immediate recall on a VDU for a period of about 6 weeks and hereafter stored on floppy disks. The computer system also produces laboratory statistics for internal use, epidemiological information for the surveillance of nosocomial infections, and makes accounting information for the accountants office. PMID- 6547265 TI - A new method for studying the distribution of drugs in spinal cord after intrathecal injection. AB - The pharmacological effect of local anaesthetic solutions in mice including their distribution within the spinal cord, were assessed following intrathecal injection at the L5-L6 interspace. A solution of 5 microliters radioactively labelled lidocaine at a concentration of 50 mg/ml or bupivacaine at 7.5 mg/ml, was used. Both drugs blocked the motor function of the hindlegs in less than 1 min. This persisted for 15.1 +/- 0.8 min. (mean +/- S.E.M.) after lidocaine and 15.2 +/- 2.7 min. after bupivacaine. The highest spinal cord concentration was adjacent to the site of injection, even if traces were present up to the lower cervical cord. The tissue concentration of bupivacaine was considerably less than that of lidocaine, despite a similar motor blockade. When the injected volume was doubled from 5 to 10 microliters, there was a tendency to a more cephalic distribution of lidocaine. When the speed of injection was increased from 2.5 sec., to 30 sec., no difference in results was seen. The drug concentration at the injection site tended to fall in animals alive until 5 min. after the injection, whereas it persisted in animals sacrificed before the intrathecal injection, suggesting that the circulatory transport is the major route of redistribution from the cord. PMID- 6547266 TI - CSF cation changes following subarachnoid injection of iohexol and metrizamide in rabbits. AB - Forty anaesthetized rabbits were injected subarachnoidally with equimolal doses, 0.48 mmol/kg body weight (= 185 mg I/kg), of iohexol and metrizamide, administered in solutions iso- and hyperosmolal to the CSF. Concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg in the CSF were determined before and 3 hours after the contrast medium injections. Iso-osmolal iohexol caused a uniform decrease in all four cations, which was believed to be a simple dilution. The hyperosmolal solution of iohexol caused a significant relative increase in Ca compared with Na, K and Mg. Both metrizamide solutions caused an increase in Ca over its pre-injection level and a significant relative increase of both Ca and Mg as compared with Na and K. The changes caused by the three latter solutions were consistent with an increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability. PMID- 6547267 TI - Analysis of CAD gene amplification using a combined approach of molecular genetics and cytogenetics. AB - CAD is a multifunctional protein which catalyzes the first three steps of de novo uridine biosynthesis. Rodent cells resistant to PALA, a specific inhibitor of the ATCase activity of CAD, overproduce the CAD protein and CAD mRNA as a direct result of the amplification of the CAD gene. In order to study the mechanism of CAD gene amplification, a functional Syrian hamster CAD gene was inserted into a cosmid vector using molecular cloning techniques. The cloned genes were assayed for biological function by fusing CAD-deficient Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants with protoplasts of E. coli containing the CAD cosmids. Two clones with functional CAD genes were isolated and shown to contain inserts 40 and 45 kb long. The cloned genes could also be introduced into wild type CHO cells by selecting for cells which became resistant to high PALA concentrations in a single step. Transformations of mutant and wild type CHO cells contained multiple active copies of the donated Syrian hamster CAD genes in addition to their endogenous CHO CAD genes. The cloned genes in all transformants analyzed are integrated into host cell chromosomes at single locations defined by in situ hybridization. Independently isolated transformants contain the donated genes in different chromosomes. Co-transformation of CHO cells with two different genes by protoplast fusion is also shown to be possible. PMID- 6547268 TI - Phase II trial of piperazinedione (NSC 135758) in the treatment of advanced or recurrent carcinoma of the ovary. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. AB - Thirty-eight patients with advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer no longer amenable to management with surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy with known activity were given piperazinedione 9 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks. Of the 31 patients evaluable for response, only one achieved a partial response of disease (3%), while there were no complete responses. Fourteen (45%) experienced progression of disease less than 1 month after starting therapy. Adverse effects consisted primarily of myelosuppression (81%), nausea and vomiting (32%), and azotemia (29%) with three patients (10%) having life-threatening thrombocytopenia. While adverse effects were tolerated, the drug at the dose and schedule tested has only minimal activity at best and should not be considered for further trials in epithelial ovarian cancer. PMID- 6547269 TI - The treatment of melanoma with m-AMSA. A Cancer and Leukemia Group B phase II study. AB - The activity of m-AMSA was evaluated IN 39 patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Seventy-nine percent of the patients had some prior chemotherapy. The others had some combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy prior to this study. Patients were treated every 3 weeks starting with 60 or 120 mg/m2 of m-AMSA depending on the extent of prior treatment. Doses were escalated if nadir WBC counts were greater than 2500/microliter. Leukopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity with 7.5% of patients having nadir WBC counts less than 1000/microliter. Of the 39 patients evaluable for response, all had progressive disease. In this study, m-AMSA in myelosuppressive doses was not active in malignant melanoma. PMID- 6547270 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas of the sinonasal region: histologic subtypes and their clinicopathologic features. AB - The authors describe 11 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma arising in the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses. Seven were men and four were women. The median age of the women was 76 years; the median age of the men was 45 years. The most common presenting symptoms were nasal obstruction and unilateral facial swelling. The most frequent sites of disease were maxillary antrum (ten cases), nasal cavity (eight cases), and ethmoid sinus (seven cases). Eight patients had involvement of multiple sinuses. Six patients were clinical stage I E, two were II E, one was stage III E, and two were stage IV. Histologic subtypes included diffuse small cleaved cell (1 case), diffuse large cell (4 cases), and diffuse large cell immunoblastic (6 cases). Three patients having immunoblastic lymphoma had longstanding sinusitis, rhinitis, and allergies. Overall, 55% of patients died of disease. Three of four patients with the diffuse large cell subtype were free of tumor (mean follow-up 50 months). Five of six patients having immunoblastic lymphoma died of disease from 1 to 13 months following diagnosis (mean 6.4 months). PMID- 6547271 TI - The PKU locus in man is on chromosome 12. AB - Classical phenylketonuria (PKU) is a typical example of inborn errors in metabolism and is characterized by a complete lack of the hepatic enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which normally converts phenylalanine to tyrosine. The genetic disorder causes impairment of postnatal brain development, resulting in severe mental retardation in untreated children. The disease is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait and has a collective prevalence of about one in 10,000 among Caucasians, so that 2% of the population are carriers of the PKU trait. We have recently reported the cloning of human phenylalanine hydroxylase cDNA and that the human chromosomal phenylalanine hydroxylase gene is encoded by a unique DNA sequence. Using the human phenylalanine hydroxylase cDNA clone to analyze a clonal human/mouse hybrid cell panel by Southern hybridization, the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene has been assigned to human chromosome 12. Since the hypothesis that classical PKU is caused by structural mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene itself rather than through some transregulatory mechanisms has recently been confirmed by gene mapping, the PKU locus in man is determined to be on chromosome 12. PMID- 6547272 TI - Computer program for individual flow-rate charts for i.v. medications. PMID- 6547274 TI - Power and radius changes induced in soft contact lens systems by flexure. AB - We have developed a computer program which allows analysis of soft contact lens flexure without assuming a priori that the posterior surface of the lens aligns with the central anterior cornea. Such analysis leads to the conclusion that thin low-minus lenses entrap tear layers of low volume (about 5.5 microliter) and minimum power, whereas low-plus lens systems can develop tear layers of greater volume (about 9.5 microliter), and significant power (about -2.00 D). The later finding supports clinical impressions that plus lenses "lose" power when placed on the eye. In some cases our data suggest that the lens posterior surface closely aligns with the anterior cornea, whereas in other cases such alignment is unlikely. It also appears that mathematical models for the simultaneous flexure of front and back radii of soft lenses may be described for specific lens designs. This current study suggests that delta r2 congruent to 2 delta r1 describes the relation for low-plus lenses, and delta r2 congruent to 0.75 delta r1 is the relation for low-minus lenses. PMID- 6547273 TI - Mycotic aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries in intravenous drug addicts. Report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - During the postmortem study of pulmonary lesions in intravenous drug addicts, three patients were found to have bilateral multiple mycotic aneurysms of the peripheral pulmonary arteries in association with embolic pneumonia. Two of these patients had infective tricuspid endocarditis, and one had hemoptysis. This report draws attention to the occurrence of mycotic aneurysms in this unusual location and suggests that these pulmonary lesions may be more common than currently believed. PMID- 6547275 TI - Sensitive quantitative analysis of disulfide bonds in polypeptides and proteins. AB - A sensitive quantitative method has been developed to determine the number of disulfide bonds in peptides and proteins. The disulfide bonds of several peptides and proteins were cleaved quantitatively by excess sodium sulfite at pH 9.5 and room temperature. Guanidine thiocyanate (2 M) was added to the protein solutions in order to denature them and thereby make the disulfide bonds accessible. The reaction with sulfite leads to a thiosulfonate and a free sulfhydryl group; the concentration of the latter was determined by reaction with disodium 2-nitro-5 thiosulfobenzoate (NTSB) in the presence of excess sodium sulfite. The synthesis, purification, and characterization of NTSB are described. The assay is rapid, requiring 3-5 min for oligopeptides and 20 min for proteins, and is as sensitive and quantitative as the sulfhydryl group assay employing 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid) (Ellman's reagent). It can be used for the analysis of as little as 10(8) mol of disulfide bonds, with an error of +/- 3%. PMID- 6547276 TI - Butyl-Toyopearl 650 as a new hydrophobic adsorbent for water-soluble enzyme proteins. AB - Butyl-Toyopearl 650, a butyl derivative of Toyopearl HW-65, was synthesized for use in hydrophobic chromatography. Water-soluble enzyme proteins were adsorbed on butyl-Toyopearl 650 in the presence of ammonium sulfate and eluted easily in the absence of the salt. Cytochrome c, myoglobin, and chymotrypsinogen A were successfully separated on a butyl-Toyopearl 650 column in order of their individual hydrophobicity by decreasing the concentration of ammonium sulfate contained in the buffer eluant. Based on these results, the use of butyl Toyopearl 650 is demonstrated for the hydrophobic separation of water-soluble enzyme proteins. PMID- 6547278 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation against immature gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes in cattle. AB - The anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation was evaluated against the 4th-stage larvae of 8 gastrointestinal nematodes and the common lung worm in 14 experimentally inoculated calves. Two groups consisting of 7 calves each were formed by restricted randomization on body weight. The infective larvae were given orally to the animals on a staggered schedule so that the parasites were in the 4th larval stage when the animals were treated. One group was given vehicle paste, and the other group was treated with ivermectin in oral paste at the dose level of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. The animals were killed 18 or 19 days after treatment. Ivermectin was 100% effective against Dictyocaulus viviparus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, and Trichostrongylus axei and greater than 99% effective against Cooperia oncophora, C punctata, T colubriformis, and Nematodirus helvetianus. PMID- 6547277 TI - Atracurium--additional information needed. PMID- 6547279 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in naturally infected dogs. AB - Ivermectin, given in a single subcutaneous dose of 200 micrograms/kg, was evaluated for its efficacy against Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in a trial with naturally infected dogs. Sodium thiacetarsamide (2.2 mg/kg) was administered twice daily for 2 days to 2 groups of 10 dogs. Two weeks later, 1 group was treated with ivermectin, and the other group was given the vehicle. Microfilariae were not detected (by blood sample concentration techniques) in 90% of the dogs 21 days after they were treated with ivermectin. Microfilariae were not detected in samples of any dog at days 28 and 35. However, 1 dog (not the one positive at day 21) had a detectable microfilaria at day 42. One dog with pretreatment ascites, exercise-induced cough, and high microfilaremial count was anorectic and depressed 2 days after treatment with ivermectin; the clinical signs were resolved 4 days later. PMID- 6547280 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of avermectin B1a and dihydroavermectin B1a against ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in 1977. AB - In a critical study, 40 female mixed-breed lambs with experimental infections of Cooperia spp, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Ostertagia circumcincta, T axei, and Haemonchus contortus were allocated to 8 groups in 1977. Groups 1 and 5 served as controls. Groups 2 to 4 were treated orally with avermectin B1a at dosage levels of 25, 50, and 100 micrograms/kg of body weight, respectively. Groups 6 to 8 were given oral dihydroavermectin B1a at dosage levels of 50, 100, and 200 micrograms/kg, respectively. The lambs were euthanatized and necropsied 6 days after treatment. The compounds were greater than 99% effective at all dosage levels. PMID- 6547281 TI - Algorithm for a DNA-cytophotometric diagnosis and grading of malignancy. AB - An algorithm for processing data on nuclear DNA content obtained cytophotometrically was developed (1) to obtain an objective discrimination between benign and malignant lesions in conventional cytologic smears secondarily stained according to Feulgen and (2) to obtain an objective degree of tumor malignancy on a continuous scale of malignancy grades. Investigations in 258 malignant tumors (95 malignant lymphomas, 52 uterine cervix carcinomas, 28 prostate carcinomas, 18 breast carcinomas, 45 malignant bone tumors and 19 larynx carcinomas) and in 74 benign lesions in these organs yielded a diagnostic accuracy of no false-positive, no false-negative and 21% suspicious diagnoses. The probability that "suspicious" cases were malignant was 81%. The overall diagnostic accuracy for non-negative cases thus amounted to 100%. Results in 95 patients with different malignant lymphomas and in 16 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the larynx demonstrated the prognostic validity of the DNA-grading system. PMID- 6547282 TI - Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid. The problem of suspicious cytologic findings. AB - Cases in which thyroid nodules yielded suspicious cytologic findings on fine needle aspiration biopsy were prospectively studied during a 3-year period. Of 1970 patients, 333 (17%) had suspicious cytologic findings; from this group, the cases of 253 patients were studied. The cytologic diagnoses were 96 (38%) H urthle cell neoplasms, 84 (33%) follicular cell neoplasms, and 73 (29%) nonspecific diagnoses. A thyroid scan was obtained in 123 of 203 (61%) patients with a solitary nodule, and the nodules were hypofunctional in 102 (83%). Malignant lesions were found in 60 (24%) of the 253 patients. Our findings are consistent with reports that 20% of patients who have a fine-needle aspiration biopsy will have suspicious cytologic findings and that of these, 20% may have a malignant lesion. Thyroid scanning will not distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid lesions that are suspicious on cytologic examination. Surgical excision of all suspicious lesions seems reasonable. PMID- 6547283 TI - Coumarin necrosis associated with hereditary protein C deficiency. PMID- 6547284 TI - Surgery for an improved multiple-channel cochlear implant. AB - An improved multiple-channel cochlear implant has been developed. The titanium container with enclosed electronics, the receiver coil, and the connector are embedded in medical-grade Silastic. The upper half of the implant has a diameter of 35 mm and a height of 4.5 mm, and the lower half a diameter of 23 mm and a height of 5 mm. The electrode array has also been designed to reduce the possibility of breakage due to repeated movements over many years. The surgery involves drilling a bed in the mastoid bone for the receiver-stimulator, and fixing the proximal electrode under the mastoid cortex. Gentle insertion of the electrode array through the round window and along the scala tympani is achieved with a specially designed microclaw . PMID- 6547285 TI - Mycotic aneurysm of the internal carotid artery. A surgical emergency. AB - A 17-year-old man presented with signs of rupture of a high cervical internal carotid aneurysm. Following angiographic demonstration of the aneurysm, he was immediately treated by balloon catheter occlusion. Eight days later the ligation of the supraclinoid portion of the internal carotid on the left was prompted by the formation of blood clots and emboli from this segment. The patient tolerated both procedures well. PMID- 6547286 TI - [Choice of the ascending aorta as the proximal site for implantation of an aorto aortic bypass. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6547287 TI - Anti-inflammatory adrenal steroids that neither inhibit skin collagen synthesis nor cause dermal atrophy. AB - Clinically used topical anti-inflammatory adrenal steroids inhibit skin collagen synthesis. This impaired collagen synthesis may result in dermal atrophy. Structure activity studies contrasted the effects of the novel prednisolone derivatives, methylprednisolonate , and methyl 20 dihydroprednisolonate , with presently used anti-inflammatory adrenal steroids on granuloma formation and skin collagen synthesis. These two new prednisolone derivatives, when applied locally at equivalent-potency anti-inflammatory doses compared with other corticosteroids, markedly inhibit granuloma formation but do not inhibit skin collagen synthesis nor cause dermal atrophy in rats. The data indicate that the two prednisolone acid methyl esters may be safer topical anti-inflammatory adrenal steroids to use, since they do not inhibit normal skin collagen synthesis. PMID- 6547288 TI - Perinatal risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - The perinatal histories of 50 very low birthweight infants weighing 1500 g, or less, with necrotizing enterocolitis were compared with those of the remaining 325 very low birthweight infants who were admitted to this hospital during a four year study period. Many factors previously reported to be associated with necrotizing enterocolitis were found with equal frequency in both groups of babies. The only adverse factor which was more frequently present in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis was hypothermia on admission to hospital. Those infants who developed severe necrotizing enterocolitis also had a higher incidence of polycythaemia. A further controlled study which examined feeding practices showed that the timing, type, and volume of milk feeding were not different in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis and matched controls. Prematurity is clearly the greatest risk factor which predisposes to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis and most of the factors previously implicated in the aetiology may simply represent the descriptive characteristics of a population of sick, very low birthweight infants. PMID- 6547289 TI - Hodgkin's disease manifesting as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Hodgkin's disease can be manifested in ways other than lymphadenopathy. Two patients had symptoms related to thyroid enlargement and were initially believed to have Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the basis of markedly elevated thyroid antibody titers. Involvement of the thyroid region by Hodgkin's disease was eventually diagnosed. PMID- 6547291 TI - Revitalizing the ultimate medical consultation. College of American Pathologists Foundation Conference on the Autopsy. Snowmass, Colo., July 20-23, 1983. PMID- 6547290 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of coenzyme F420 in methanogenic bacteria. AB - Coenzyme F420 is a 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin present in methanogenic bacteria. We have investigated whether the pyrimidine ring of the deazaflavin originates from guanine as in flavin biosynthesis, in which the pyrimidine ring of guanine is conserved. For this purpose the incorporation of [2-14C]guanine and of [8 14C]guanine into F420 by growing cultures of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was studied. Only in the case of [2-14C]guanine did F420 become labeled. The specific radioactivity of the deazaflavin and of guanine isolated from nucleic acids of [2-14C]guanine grown cells were identical. This finding suggests that the pyrimidine ring of the deazaflavin and of flavins are synthesized by the same pathway. F420 did not become labeled when M. thermoautotrophicum was grown in the presence of methyl-[14C]methionine, [U-14C]phenylalanine or [U-14C]tyrosine. This excludes that C-5 of the deazaflavin is derived from the methyl group of methionine and that the benzene ring comes from phenylalanine or tyrosine. PMID- 6547292 TI - Potential of the autopsy. AB - The autopsy was originally performed to understand anatomy. It still has relevance in correlating physiologic and pathologic processes with anatomic structures. In the first half of this century, it was an important tool in experimental investigations, the discovery of new diseases, and the identification and correlation of known clinical entities with particular cells, tissues, and organs. Since the early 1950s, the autopsy has suffered a regression in terms of interest, the number of competent autopsy physicians and of autopsies, financial reimbursement, and a lack of support from the medical community. Simultaneously its relevance to teaching, the ensuring of accurate diagnoses for therapy, and providing material for the investigation of unique human diseases, has increased. It will take a decade of support to produce a reversal of this trend. The leadership resides in the academic institutions that have the most resources. Academic pathologists could help rejuvenate the autopsy by emphasizing the utilization of human tissue for research and for transplantation, giving new significance to the autopsy and reinforcing its roles in patient care and graduate education. PMID- 6547293 TI - The autopsy. The ultimate audit. AB - Four hundred twenty-eight autopsy cases were reviewed at a departmental conference over a 4 1/2-year period. All diagnostic test data were discussed before the results of the autopsies were known, and the participants tried to extract the maximum diagnostic information from the clinical findings and the test data. Fifty-two percent of the autopsy cases failed to provide any additional major insight; premortem clinical and laboratory findings were sufficient for diagnosis. In the remaining 48%, however, the autopsies contributed to the improvement of medical care. PMID- 6547294 TI - Lay perceptions of autopsy. AB - The lay public's exposure to information on the purposes and value of the autopsy is sparse. When approached for consent to perform an autopsy, they are often indifferent and uncooperative. If the autopsy is worthy of revitalization as the ultimate medical consultation, pathologists must know what the general public is exposed to, what they think, and what their perceptions about autopsy are. There have been mass media and some specialized media contributions during the years 1977 through 1982. I studied the public's areas of concern regarding the topic and detailed the perceptions and unspoken thoughts of laymen. There are steps that can be taken to join the lay community and pathologists together in renewed efforts to revitalize the role of the autopsy while simultaneously educating the public about the advantages and needs of medical education. PMID- 6547295 TI - One department's experience with increasing the autopsy rate. AB - A strategy to increase the autopsy percentage at a university hospital included improving communications with the attending and resident staffs, promptly issuing initial diagnoses, and forwarding appropriate findings to a committee for potential revision of patient care practices. New autopsy permit forms included a list of all physicians interested in the case and a request that the next of kin could make for a summary of findings. These requests were subsequently filled by a summary letter from the pathologist to the family with a copy sent to the attending physician. In order to dispel certain misconceptions and improve attitudes among hospital personnel, a videotape emphasizing the purpose and potential value of the autopsy was made for viewing by nurses, social workers, clergy, and hospital administrators. PMID- 6547296 TI - Maximizing the effectiveness of the autopsy in cases of sudden death. AB - Autopsies are essential in the investigation of sudden unexpected deaths. To maximize the effectiveness of the autopsy in these cases, the pathologist must assess the circumstances leading to the person's death, should be knowledgeable of the diseases most often responsible for sudden death, and should use dissection techniques most appropriate for their disclosure. In adults, the great majority of sudden deaths are cardiogenic and related to diseases of the coronary arteries, cardiac valves, or myocardium. In infants and young children, however, extracardiac diseases are prevalent in the causation of sudden deaths. Approximately one third of these are inexplicable (sudden infant death syndrome). PMID- 6547297 TI - Loss control/risk management. A survey of the contribution of autopsy examination. AB - I surveyed 183 hospitals with medical school pathology residency affiliations regarding their recognition and use of the autopsy in loss control/risk management. Thirty physician-owned, medical society-created professional liability companies and nine other malpractice liability underwriters were also surveyed. The results generally supported my bias for increased use of autopsy information in the field of hospital-risk management. I also examined an opposing minority view. Autopsy surgeons' and hospital administrators' responses supported increased use of autopsies in loss control activities for the following reasons: to eliminate suspicion, to provide reassurance to families, to substitute facts for conjecture, to construct a better defense, to reduce the number of claims, and to improve the quality of care. PMID- 6547298 TI - The autopsy and cancer. AB - The autopsy plays an important role in neoplastic disease. Over one third of all adult autopsies disclose cancer, and clinical diagnostic errors are disclosed in approximately 40% of these. There is no evidence that diagnostic accuracy has improved in recent years. In addition to monitoring diagnostic accuracy- particularly with reference to new technologies--the autopsy is also important in detecting both new types of cancer and new causative agents and patterns of incidence and behavior in "old" types of cancer. It also plays a major role in characterizing the toxic effects of new therapeutic regimens and in establishing true causes of death (including accurate primary cancer sites) for setting local, national, and international research and health care priorities. PMID- 6547299 TI - The value of the autopsy for understanding cardiovascular disease. Past, present, and future. AB - Major contributions to medicine have been made by the use of the autopsy. Among these are the clarification of obscure features of the causes and pathogenesis of heart disease; the collection of abundant quantitative information from the examination of the heart and major arteries; the verification of cardiovascular diagnoses and the monitoring of new high-technology diagnostic imaging; the ensurance that the newer modes of therapy are safe and effective; the teaching and training of the physicians and surgeons of tomorrow; and the alerting of families to genetic risk, as the understanding of the genetic aspects of cardiovascular disease increases. In addition, a proposed international study will contribute to our understanding of the risk factors that influence the progression of atherosclerosis in young people. PMID- 6547300 TI - Forensic pathology and the autopsy. AB - Questionnaires sent to representative medicolegal jurisdictions in the United States showed that medicolegal necropsies comprise a substantial proportion of the total number of autopsies performed. Qualitative differences between customary hospital autopsies and their forensic counterparts include autopsy bias, the importance of trauma, biological variability, and medicolegal logic. Because of these differences, medicolegal autopsies have an important role to play in the education of undergraduate and graduate medical students and should be incorporated into the training programs of academic departments of pathology. PMID- 6547301 TI - The autopsy as an instrument of quality assessment. Classification of premortem and postmortem diagnostic discrepancies. AB - Use of the autopsy as an instrument of quality assessment of patient care requires the quantification of discrepancies between premortem and postmortem diagnoses and the determination of an acceptable range with respect to such differences. Factors believed to possibly influence the proportion of discrepant diagnoses were evaluated by way of a questionnaire mailed to 166 pathologists. Factors believed to be important include those related to the characteristics of the patient's illness, the patient's physician, and the setting in which the patient's care transpires . Responses from 127 persons, including 106 of those originally queried, suggested that assessment of patient care by way of the autopsy can best be accomplished on an institutional basis. Application of a categorization of discrepant diagnoses to several recent studies suggested that approximately 10% of hospital autopsies will yield missed major discrepant diagnoses associated with an adverse impact on survival. PMID- 6547302 TI - Religious attitudes and the autopsy. AB - Religious dictates are generally not valid reasons for refusal of permission for autopsy, since most religions do not prohibit autopsy per se. Permission can be obtained from most members of religious groups, even from Orthodox Jews and Muslims , although it is sometimes not possible to perform an autopsy except where civil law prevails. Resistance on the part of the bereaved may be based on a lack of knowledge or on misinformation. The public needs to be better educated about the many advantages of autopsy, for both society and for family members. PMID- 6547303 TI - The postautopsy conference with families. AB - During the past 15 years, increasing numbers of pathologists have adopted the practice of holding postautopsy conferences for families. This type of small meeting is held to inform the relatives of the deceased of the cause of death and its meaning. These postautopsy conferences are easy to organize and conduct, and they are not time consuming. However, they are deeply appreciated by families and sometimes make a significant difference in their lives. PMID- 6547305 TI - College of American Pathologists Foundation Conference on the Autopsy. Conference recommendations. PMID- 6547304 TI - The autopsy as a vehicle for the lifetime education of pathologists. AB - When the autopsy is properly performed, correctly interpreted, and thoroughly presented to the hospital medical staff, and when the diagnoses are coded and the records, slides, and other materials are appropriately stored, the autopsy is a most effective vehicle for the pathologist's lifetime continued education. It provides a continuous "refresher course" in the basic biology and pathogenesis of disease. It teaches the pathologist and, in turn, he can teach the hospital staff about injuries induced by new agents of disease, natural or iatrogenic, or those especially prevalent in his own community. In this way, the pathologist consultant to his medical staff. The autopsy provides a wealth of examples, at all stages of development, of those diseases requiring diagnosis in the surgical pathology division, as well as providing cytologic specimens of known neoplasms or malignant effusions that enhance the ability and experience of the general pathologist. Finally, correlations of autopsy findings with clinical laboratory data represent a superb quality control study of the pathologist's own clinical laboratory results. PMID- 6547306 TI - Talking to the family after an autopsy. AB - Few physicians have opportunities that can match the pathologist's to bring compassion and understanding to the bereaved by means of the postautopsy consultation with families. The emotional responses of survivors are often dominated by guilt. Practical guidelines for talking to the bereaved consist of the honesty , compassion, and common sense of the pathologist. PMID- 6547307 TI - The concordance score. Correlation of clinical and autopsy findings. AB - The traditional pathology report does not indicate concordance of the antemortem clinical diagnosis with autopsy findings. While doing a retrospective review of autopsies performed in our facility, we developed an approach that permits the determination of a "concordance score." The concordance score expresses the extent of agreement or disagreement of clinical with autopsy findings in ten predetermined categories. This approach is open to the verdict of our colleagues. PMID- 6547308 TI - Autopsies in a modern teaching hospital. A review of 2,537 cases. AB - We reviewed the clinical charts and the postmortem findings of 2,537 autopsies, and correlated them by constructing a "concordance score." In 2,293 cases (90%), the primary disease, as diagnosed at autopsy, had been recognized as such clinically, but in 244 cases (10%) it had not. In 2,300 cases a second disease was present, which had been diagnosed clinically in 1,795 patients. A third disease had been recognized clinically in 71% of 1,622 patients. In 1,601 patients (64%) the autopsy disclosed one or more unexpected important findings, which ranged from the main disease (244 cases) to a variety of significant incidental findings. The high incidence of surprises indicates that it is fallacious to preselect deaths for postmortem examination even when the clinical autopsy correlation reaches 90%, and diagnostic error is only 10%. PMID- 6547309 TI - An argument for the attendance of clinicians at autopsy. AB - We recorded the attendance of clinicians at the autopsies they had requested, and following personal notification that the autopsy was in progress. Of 679 residents paged , 37% attended and 63% did not. Of 786 internists paged , 36% attended and 64% did not. Of 58 surgeons, ten were not in the hospital, 35 attended, and 13 did not. With due allowance for reasons that legitimately could interfere with attendance at a labor-intensive and educational procedure requested of a colleague by the physician, these results reflect adversely on motivation. This attitude, more than opposition by the lay public, could explain the languishing autopsy rates. PMID- 6547310 TI - Lymph node changes in echinococcosis. PMID- 6547311 TI - Immunoglobulin secretion by Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. PMID- 6547312 TI - Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid appearing as lung metastasis. PMID- 6547313 TI - The minicolumn-chromatographic glycosylated hemoglobin level in a person with hemoglobin A, C, and GPhiladelphia. PMID- 6547314 TI - Plasma cell granuloma of the pancreas. PMID- 6547315 TI - Enteritis cystica profunda associated with Crohn's disease. PMID- 6547316 TI - Primary fibrosarcoma of the heart. PMID- 6547317 TI - A word of caution in the use of neuron-specific enolase expression in tumor diagnosis. PMID- 6547318 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in neoplasms of the CNS and other tissues. AB - In normal conditions, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is histochemically demonstrable only in neurons and cells of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) system. This has been found not to be true for neoplastic cells. Several types of CNS tumors, including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, pineocytoma , meningioma, and choroid plexus papilloma, focally stained positively for NSE. Reactive astrocytes were also frequently positive. In the peripheral nervous system, neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma, and paraganglioma stained positively for NSE. A number of non APUD tumors were focally positive. These included schwannoma, carcinoma and fibroadenoma of the breast, renal cell carcinoma, giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath, and chordoma. Caution should be exercised in relying on the immunohistochemical demonstration of NSE as a diagnostic marker in those tumors that do not belong to the APUD cell system. It seems of little value as evidence of differentiation in CNS tumors. PMID- 6547319 TI - Giant intracranial Masson's hemangioma. Report of a fatal case. AB - A giant intracranial Masson's hemangioma (intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia) arising from the meninges occurred in an infant. The outcome was fatal. The associated thrombocytopenia linked Masson's hemangioma to the Kasabach Merritt syndrome. PMID- 6547320 TI - Striated muscle cells in the leptomeninges. An immunohistochemical study. AB - Striated muscle cells coexisting with neuroglial tissue were found in the leptomeninges of a 3-day-old neonate. An immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of myoglobin in the striated muscle cells, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and S-100 protein in the heterotopic glia, S-100 protein in the Schwann cells of the heterotopic nerve bundles, and neuron-specific enolase in some striated muscle cells as well as the neurons. A possible explanation for this may be that the striated muscle cells originated from neuroectoderm. PMID- 6547321 TI - Pontine spongy degeneration of white matter associated with hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Spongy degeneration of white matter localized to basis pontis was found in a 47 year-old woman with hepatic encephalopathy. In this clinical setting, the lesion resembled those changes described by Victor et al and found primarily in cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter, and putamen. Isolated involvement of the basis pontis and ventral midline tegmentum of pons has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. The morphologic appearance and distribution distinguish this lesion from central pontine myelinolysis. The possible vascular cause of this localized interstitial edema is discussed. PMID- 6547322 TI - Morphology of human uterine cancer in nude mice. Effects of hormone and antihormone treatment. AB - We have recently described an experimental model for studying the hormonal modulation of growth and receptor content of human endometrial adenocarcinoma in ovariectomized athymic mice. The morphologic features of endometrial carcinomas can be maintained during serial transplantation in control animals. Further, administration of estradiol, tamoxifen citrate, and medroxyprogesterone acetate to animals with tumors containing estradiol and progesterone receptors resulted in histologic and ultrastructural changes in most foci resembling the response of normal human endometrium to these agents. No morphologic change was detected in the steroid-receptor-negative tumors of hormone-treated mice. These results demonstrate that histologic changes parallel the changes in the growth rate and hormone receptor content of tumors in this model system, and they provide support for the concept of receptor-mediated alteration in the morphologic features of endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6547323 TI - Cystic dysplasia of the testis. Light and electron microscopic study of three cases. AB - The testes of two premature newborns and a 9-year-old boy with cystic dysplasia were studied by light and electron microscopy. The histologic pattern of the three cases was similar, differing principally in the extension of the characteristic lesion. This consisted of multiple, anastomosing, irregular cystic spaces of varying sizes and shapes, separated by incomplete connective-tissue septa. The cysts were predominantly located in the mediastinum testis, and spread irregularly, displacing the testicular parenchyma, which was consequently compressed under the tunica albuginea. Electron microscopic examination revealed two types of epithelial cells (flattened and tall cells) lining the cystic spaces. These cells were similar to those lining the normal adult rete testis. Since the rete testis originates from the gonadal blastema, and the efferent ductules from the mesonephric ducts, an embryologic defect in the connection between both structures might be responsible for this lesion. PMID- 6547324 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary structures. Pattern of metastasis at autopsy. AB - We studied the pattern of metastasis at autopsy in 158 patients with carcinoma of the pancreas and in 29 patients with carcinoma of the periampullary structures. The three most commonly involved organs were the abdominal lymph nodes, liver, and lung. Other organs and sites were involved in less than 25% of the cases. For pancreatic carcinoma, whether the diagnosis was made antemortem or at autopsy, the incidence of metastatic involvement of various sites was similar. Comparing patients with carcinoma of the pancreatic head only with those with tumor of the body or tail, the latter group had a higher incidence of involvement of abdominal nodes, liver, stomach, small bowel, spleen, peritoneum, lung, and other intrathoracic organs. Carcinoma of the duodenum or ampulla had the highest incidence (67%) of involving only one abdominal lymph nodal region, whereas 14% to 50% of carcinomas of the pancreas had such nodal metastasis. PMID- 6547325 TI - Metastasis of bronchogenic carcinoma to the skin involved by melanoma. AB - In a 52-year-old man, a cutaneous malignant melanoma developed concurrently with an adenocarcinoma of the right lung. The latter disseminated widely, and autopsy disclosed that it had also metastasized to the dermal tissue involved with the melanoma. Because it was not a metastasis into the substance of the melanoma, it was classified as an unusual type of "collision tumor" rather than a "cancer-to cancer" metastasis. PMID- 6547326 TI - Functional injury of vein graft endothelium. Role of hypothermia and distention. AB - The cause of endothelial injury during vein harvesting and preservation is complex. Hypothermia is thought necessary to preserve cell viability but has been implicated in morphologic injury to the endothelium. This study explored the effect of temperature on preserving endothelial function using prostacyclin production as a metabolic marker. Canine veins were atraumatically excised and matched segments were stored at three temperatures using either nutrient medium or heparinized saline. After storage, endogenous production of prostacyclin by the luminal surface of each vein was collected in a closed perfusion system at 37 degrees C and assayed by radioimmunoassay. Optimal prostacyclin production was observed in veins stored in tissue culture medium at normothermia. Preservation of normal endothelial function may require revision of traditional vein graft harvesting techniques. PMID- 6547327 TI - Red blood cell deformability and secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. AB - The possible relationship between red blood cell (RBC) deformability and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in 23 patients on maintenance hemodialysis was examined. Secondary HPT was evaluated by means of serum biochemistry (parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase) and radiographic examinations. This study showed that RBC deformability is markedly reduced in hemodialyzed patients when compared with normal controls. No significant correlation between RBC deformability and the hematochemical changes associated with secondary HPT was found. No difference in RBC deformability was observed as far as the activity (alkaline phosphatase) and the severity (radiographic findings) of secondary HPT are concerned. Effective treatment of secondary HPT by either pharmacological means (1 alpha, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol therapy) or surgical removal was not associated with consequent improvement in RBC deformability. It is concluded that secondary HPT is probably not a major factor influencing RBC deformability in uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 6547328 TI - Neodymium-YAG laser surgery on experimental vitreous membranes. AB - A Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser was used to cut experimental vitreous membranes in rabbit eyes. We were able to cut vitreous membranes up to 4 mm from the retinal surface using single pulse energies of up to 4 mJ without fluorescein angiographic evidence of retinal injury. When cutting membranes between 1.5 and 3 mm from the retinal surface, injury was documented in five of seven cases. The most frequently observed fundus injury was choroidal hemorrhage. The neodymium YAG laser may be useful in cutting avascular membranes in the posterior segment of the eye. PMID- 6547329 TI - First results of chronic electrical stimulation with a round-window electrode in totally deaf patients. AB - A few patients who had become totally deaf in adulthood were chronically implanted with an electrode on the round window. Elicitable auditory sensations were limited but proved beneficial enough for a small portable stimulator to be suggested for everyday use. Over a period of several months subjects were monitored several times for a few days at the laboratory and trained to make better use of their prosthesis. Such a device appears safe and patients have become attached to its use. One subject suffering from tinnitus was also given another stimulator delivering positive direct current which suppresses the tinnitus. PMID- 6547330 TI - Pre-operative appraisal of cochlear implant results by means of electrical promontory stimulation: preliminary report. AB - A test procedure based on the patient's understanding of acoustic material is presented. The score obtained in this test showed a highly significant correlation with the postoperative score evaluated by independent examiners 4 weeks after stimulator adjustment. PMID- 6547331 TI - Tone decay in subjects with the single-channel cochlear implant. AB - Tone decay was studied in a group of 17 profoundly deaf adults who have a single channel cochlear implant. With direct electrical input through the subject's induction coil system, tone decay was evaluated at 125, 250, 500, 2 000, 4 000, and 16 000 Hz. Results indicated that as the intensity of electrical stimulation increased, the ability to perceive a continuous signal also increased for the majority of the subjects. All but 3 of the subjects were able to perceive the electrical signal at suprathresholds for 2 min. The 3 subjects who exhibited tone decay differed from the rest of the sample in several ways: (1) they became deaf at an earlier age; (2) they had more years of profound deafness, and (3) they had fewer years of cochlear implant and hearing aid use. PMID- 6547332 TI - The FDA report on intraocular lenses. AB - Clinical studies of intraocular lenses (IOLs) as investigational devices have been regulated in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 9 February 1978. As of August 1982, data have been collected on more than one million IOLs implanted. During the last 12 months of the study, 409 000 IOLs were implanted. Visual acuity of 20/40 or better at one year after surgery was present in 85% of over 45 000 cases reviewed. Increasing patient age, surgical problems, postoperative complications, and adverse reactions were factors that reduced the visual acuity. The current trend in the USA is for implantation of posterior chamber and anterior chamber IOLs. PMID- 6547333 TI - Death in sheep following dosing with copper diethylamine oxyquinoline sulphonate as a commercial injectable copper preparation. AB - Death occurred in sheep following diethylamine oxyquinoline sulphonate (DOS) copper injections given at recommended dose rates. The copper content in unused portions of DOS copper packs was normal and free of bacterial contamination. Liver and blood copper levels in dead and sick sheep were not high. Sick sheep showed signs of hepatic encephalopathy and dead sheep were generally piled against fences and scrub. Deaths were associated with acute, severe, generalised, centrilobular, hepatocellular necrosis and live sheep had elevated circulating levels of liver enzymes consistent with liver damage. In recovered sheep there were no residual complications. It would appear that even at 0.5 mg/kg of DOS copper the safety threshold may sometimes be exceeded in some sheep. PMID- 6547334 TI - [Effect of severing the anterior cruciate ligament on the menisci in the knee joint of the dog]. PMID- 6547335 TI - The human calcitonin gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 11. AB - By molecular hybridization of human calcitonin cDNA probes to DNA from human rodent hybrid cells containing identified human chromosomes, we have mapped the human calcitonin gene to the short arm of chromosome 11. This location has been confirmed by in situ hybridization, which further localized the calcitonin gene to region 11p13-15. The significance of this region regarding gene linkage and possible markers for inherited cancers is discussed. PMID- 6547336 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of the penicillin and cephalosporin nuclei from an acyclic peptide containing carboxymethylcysteine. AB - The tripeptide delta-(L- carboxymethylcysteinyl )-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (L-CMC-CV) is converted sequentially into the CMC analog of isopenicillin N, the CMC analog of penicillin N, and the CMC analog of desacetoxycephalosporin C by, respectively, isopenicillin N synthetase, isopenicillin N epimerase, and desacetoxycephalosporin C synthetase, all isolated from the beta-lactam producing prokaryote Streptomyces clavuligerus. PMID- 6547337 TI - A rapid and sensitive in vitro assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase using rat kidney homogenates. AB - A sensitive and rapid in vitro assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25-(OH)D3]-1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities was developed using rat kidney homogenates. A potent inhibitor of the enzymes in rat plasma was removed by thoroughly perfusing rats with saline. Kidney homogenates prepared from vitamin D-deficient rats preferentially produced tritiated 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha,25(OH)2D3] from 25(OH) [3H]D3. Addition of 10 microliter or more of rat plasma to 3 ml of 10% kidney homogenates suppressed 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity dose-dependently. Thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX) of vitamin D-deficient rats greatly abolished 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity. Administration of parathyroid hormone to the TPTX rats increased 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity and that of 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 enhanced 24-hydroxylase markedly. Since this assay is technically simple, rapid and sensitive, it will be useful in studying the regulatory mechanism in the renal metabolism of 25(OH)D3 in mammals. PMID- 6547338 TI - Reporter molecules as probes of DNA conformation: structure of a crystalline complex containing 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline ethylene dimethylammonium hydrobromide -5-iodocytidylyl (3'-5')guanosine. AB - 2-Methyl-4-nitroaniline ethylene dimethylammonium hydrobromide forms a crystalline complex with the self-complementary dinucleoside monophosphate, 5- iodocytidylyl (3'-5')guanosine. The crystals are tetragonal, with a = b = 32.192 A and c = 23.964 A, space group P4(3)2(1)2. The structure has been solved to atomic resolution by Patterson and Fourier methods, and refined by full matrix least squares. 5- Iodocytidylyl (3'-5')guanosine molecules are held together in pairs through Watson-Crick base-pairing, forming an antiparallel duplex structure. Nitroaniline molecules stack above and below guanine-cytosine pairs in this duplex structure. In addition, a third nitroaniline molecule stacks on one of the other two nitroaniline molecules. The asymmetric unit contains two 5- iodocytidylyl (3'-5')guanosine molecules, three nitroaniline molecules, one bromide ion and thirty-one water molecules, a total of 160 atoms. Details of the structure are described. PMID- 6547339 TI - Hydropathic anti-complementarity of amino acids based on the genetic code. AB - An interesting pattern in the genetic code has been discovered. Codons for hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acids on one strand of DNA are complemented by codons for hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids on the other DNA strand, respectively. The average tendency of codons for "uncharged" (slightly hydrophilic) amino acids is to be complemented by codons for "uncharged" amino acids. PMID- 6547340 TI - 2'-O-methyl-1-methyl adenosine: a new modified nucleoside in ragi (Eleusine coracana) tRNA. AB - A new modified nucleoside 2'-O-methyl-l-methyl adenosine has been found to be present in the tRNA of Eleusine coracana ( ragi ) seedlings. The sequence of the dinucleotide of which this modified nucleoside is a part suggests its presence in phenylalanine-tRNA. The structural implications of the presence of this new modification are discussed. PMID- 6547341 TI - Regulation of glucose metabolism in rat adrenal gland in alloxan-diabetes: the possible role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. AB - The level of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is markedly decreased in the rat V.renal gland in diabetes, falling to 23% of the control value. There is parallel decrease in the flux of 14C-labelled glucose through the glycolytic route and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Only minimal changes in hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1.), a 22% decrease in Type I hexokinase of the soluble fraction, were observed, highlighting the probable significant involvement of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the regulation of glycolysis in the adrenal. In contrast, there was evidence for a marked rise in the flux of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway, which may be linked to enhanced corticoid synthesis in the diabetic state. PMID- 6547342 TI - Agglutinating activity of gliadin-derived peptides from bread wheat: implications for coeliac disease pathogenesis. AB - The PT-digest of bread wheat gliadin was very active in agglutinating undifferentiated human K562(S) cells. This activity was quantitatively, but not qualitatively, similar to that of Con A or WGA. Moreover, Con A-induced cell agglutination was inhibited by mannan and mannose, WGA-induced agglutination by NAG only, and cell agglutination induced by bread wheat gliadin peptides was inhibited by each of these three saccharides. Not only was mannan the most active saccharide in preventing cell agglutination induced by bread wheat gliadin peptides, but it was also able to dissociate agglutinated cells. As compared to the PT- digest of whole bread wheat gliadin, the digest obtained from purified A gliadin was tenfold more active. The PT-digest of durum wheat gliadin did not show any agglutinating activity. PMID- 6547343 TI - 7-Glycidoxycoumarin (GOC): a fluorophotometric epoxide substrate for the assay of glutathione S-transferase activity. AB - 7- Glycidoxycoumarin ( GOC ), a new fluorophotometric epoxide substrate for glutathione S-transferase (GSH TFase ), was conjugated regiospecifically with GSH at pH 6.5 in rat liver cytosol to yield S-(2-hydroxy-3-(7'- coumaroxy )-1 propyl)glutathione which was isolated by HPLC and identified with an authentic specimen by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The conjugation product formed in the incubation media consisting of GOC , GSH, and 9000 g supernatant fractions from various tissues of the rat, was directly determined by photometry of fluorescence emission at 388 nm at an excitation wavelength of 328 nm after removal of the unreacted substrate and its enzymic hydrolysis product, 7-(1',2'-dihydroxy-3' propoxy)coumarin, by simple extraction with isobutyl alcohol in the presence of a saturating amount of sodium chloride. Stability of GOC at pH 6.5 markedly retarded its autoconjugation with GSH and made the fluorophotometric method sensitive enough to assay small GSH TFase activities in gel column chromatographic fractions as well as in various tissues of the animals. Apparent Km and Vmax for GOC in rat liver cytosol were 55 microM and 7.41 nmole/mg protein/min, respectively. GSH conjugation of GOC was catalyzed by at least two isozymes, E and AA, of hepatic GSH TFases . PMID- 6547344 TI - Dopamine receptor of the porcine anterior pituitary gland. Solubilization and characterization. AB - In the anterior pituitary gland, dopamine controls the release of prolactin from the mammotrophs. The dopamine receptors in the porcine gland have been shown to exist in two different affinity states of equal proportion, one bearing high affinity for agonists and labeled by 3H-agonist-ligands and the other displaying low affinity for agonists. Both forms of the receptor can be labeled by 3H antagonist-ligands. Dopamine receptors from porcine anterior pituitary membranes can be solubilized with retention of their ability to interact with specific dopaminergic ligands. Treatment of membrane preparations with 1% digitonin resulted in the solubilization of 20-25% of the specific binding sites labeled by [3H] spiroperidol with a specific activity of about 100 fmoles/mg. The receptor was a glycoprotein as assessed by the interaction of these binding sites with agarose-immobilized lectin. [3H]Spiroperidol binding in solubilized preparations was saturable, of high affinity (KD = 570 pM), and to a single class of stereoselective binding sites. Agonist competition for [3H]spiroperidol binding indicated that, whereas the solubilized receptor retained its dopaminergic specificity, the high-affinity interactions of the receptor with agonists present in membranes and sensitive to guanine nucleotides were lost in solubilized preparations. Thus, the KD values calculated from the agonist competition curves for [3H]spiroperidol corresponded to the agonist affinities for the low-affinity state of the receptor documented in membranes. However, high-affinity agonist binding and its sensitivity to guanine nucleotides were preserved when the membrane-bound receptor was prelabeled with the agonist [3H]N-n propylnorapomorphine prior to solubilization. These results suggest that a component that confers agonist high-affinity binding and guanine nucleotide responsiveness to the receptor is lost during solubilization unless a stable complex is formed with the agonist prelabeled receptor prior to solubilization. PMID- 6547345 TI - [Bone histomorphometry: observations in cases of renal osteodystrophy]. AB - The AA report a histomorphometric study performed by measuring square areas and volumes of bone tissue. Furthermore, in 7 patients with osteodystrophy secondary to chronic renal failure, the AA investigated the amount of osteoid tissue and the presence of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. They noted signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism with increase of osteoclastic activity and fibrous metaplasia of the bone marrow associated with osteomalacia. The same patients were examined after treatment with, Vit D3 active preparations separately administered: and the AA especially noted decrease of the osteoclastic reabsorption and of the volume of osteoid tissue after the treatment with 1,25 (OH)2 D3 more than with 25 OH D3. PMID- 6547347 TI - Automated LARSP: computer-assisted grammatical analysis. PMID- 6547346 TI - Social factors, diet and breast cancer in a northern Italian population. AB - The relation of breast cancer to social and dietary variables was evaluated in a case-control study of 368 women with breast cancer admitted to the General Hospital of Pordenone (a town in the eastern side of Northern Italy) and 373 age matched controls. Occupation was related to the risk of breast cancer, housewives and non-manual workers (teachers and other professionals, clerical workers, etc.) showing relative risks of 1.7 and 2.4 respectively when compared to women occupied in agriculture. The role of education was apparently less important, and not statistically significant. The risk was higher in women who were obese, the trend of increasing risk with increasing body mass index being confined to post menopausal women. When indicators of dietary fat intake were analysed, a significantly increased risk was found with more frequent consumption of milk and dairy products but the risk estimates were only slightly above unity with reference to meat consumption. Women who drank alcoholic beverages showed a relative risk of 2.5 compared to women who had never drunk, when allowance was made for all identified potential confounding factors. The association between alcohol and breast cancer was not explained by the other dietary variables considered, and the risk estimates were higher for women who drank more wine, or more than one type of alcoholic beverage. Thus, the findings of the present study give evidence in favour of the hypothesis that alcohol consumption is related to the risk of breast cancer. PMID- 6547349 TI - A microcomputer system in the delivery suite. AB - Microcomputer systems have been installed in the delivery suites of two obstetric units which cater between them for nearly 10 000 deliveries annually. The midwifery and medical staff enter administrative, antenatal, anaesthetic and delivery details during labour and as soon after delivery as possible. The computer prints out the official Birth Notification, the entry for the Midwives Register and the record of labour and delivery for the patient's notes. Subsequently the postnatal doctor and anaesthetist, where relevant, enter details of puerperium and anaesthetic follow-up, before the production by the computer of discharge and anaesthetic summaries for the community and records. In the first 6 months of use at the Bristol Maternity Hospital (July to December 1982) 2229 patients were delivered and have had obstetric details recorded on the computer. A general obstetric audit of these patients is presented. PMID- 6547348 TI - Decrease in protein C antigen and formation of an abnormal protein soon after starting oral anticoagulant therapy. AB - Changes in protein C antigen (PC:Ag) have been compared with those in factor II, VII, IX and X antigens (II:Ag; VII:Ag; IX:Ag and X:Ag) in 10 patients starting on oral anticoagulant therapy with warfarin, monitored with thrombotest. Between days 0 and 3 of therapy, PC:Ag decreased at the same rate as VII:Ag, whilst IX:Ag, X:Ag and II:Ag decreased at progressively slower rates. On days 15 and 21, clotting proteins and PC:Ag did not differ significantly. Before and after warfarin, PC:Ag had the same mobility on crossed immunoelectrophoresis in Ca2+ free agarose gel; with Ca2+, a protein with faster anodal mobility appeared on day 1 and became maximal 5 d after warfarin was started. These findings indicate that the rate of PC decrease is closer to that of factor VII than those of factors IX, X and II, and that an abnormal PC with poor Ca2+-binding properties appears soon after treatment is started. The early decrease in the physiological inactivator (i.e. PC) might contribute to the poor antithrombotic efficacy of anticoagulant therapy during the first days. PMID- 6547350 TI - Calcium and glucose uptake in rat small intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles. Modulation by exogenous hypercortisolism and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3. AB - The effect of exogenous hypercortisolism and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3 on small intestinal calcium and glucose transport in the rat was studied at the level of brush-border membrane vesicles generated from isolated villous cells by a freeze thaw procedure. At 5 X 10(-5) M extravesicular calcium, initial uptake rates in vesicles prepared from triamcinolone-treated adult rats were decreased by 30% after 5 days. Since calcium ionophore A23187 virtually abolished the difference in calcium uptake, triamcinolone appeared to affect calcium channel density or activity rather than intravesicular binding capacity. Kinetic analysis showed that a decrease in Vmax of a saturable calcium transport system could entirely account for the diminished rate of vesicular calcium uptake. Calcium transport rates could be partially restored by in vivo administration of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D-3 at a dosage which did not affect vesicular calcium uptake in control animals. Conversely, sodium-driven glucose accumulation in brush-border vesicles from triamcinolone-treated rats was stimulated by 50-70% after 36 h and appeared insensitive to vitamin D. A specific triamcinolone action on the glucose carrier itself rather than on the driving force of the sodium gradient was indicated by (i) a similar stimulation of glucose transport under equilibrium exchange conditions and (ii) an opposite effect of triamcinolone on sodium-driven alanine transport. The triamcinolone-induced changes in calcium and glucose uptake were not accompanied by a gross alteration of membrane integrity in vitro or by major alterations in vesicular protein composition, intravesicular glucose space and sucrase or alkaline phosphatase activity. The modification of vesicular transport properties is discussed in relation to the vitamin D-antagonized inhibition of intestinal calcium uptake and the stimulation of glucose absorption in response to supraphysiologic amounts of glucocorticoids observed in intact epithelium. PMID- 6547351 TI - Prediction of protein function from sequence properties. Discriminant analysis of a data base. AB - The protein superfamilies in the National Biomedical Research Foundation sequence data base cluster into six groups that can be distinguished on the basis of four variables characterizing amino acid composition and local sequence properties. The variables are average hydrophobicity, net charge, sequence length and periodic variation in hydrophobic residues along the chain. The clusters they distinguish are: globins; chromosomal proteins; contractile system proteins and respiratory proteins other than cytochromes; enzyme inhibitors and toxins; enzymes except hydrolases; and all other proteins. The overall probability of correctly allocating a given protein to one of these functional groups is 0.76, with the allocation reliability being highest for globins (0.97) and for chromosomal proteins (0.93). PMID- 6547352 TI - Infrared spectroscopy of phosphatidylcholines in aqueous suspension. A study of the phosphate group vibrations. AB - The 1000-1300 cm-1 region of the infrared spectrum of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and other phosphate-containing molecules has been studied by the Fourier-transform technique. Three absorption bands have been assigned to various vibrational modes of the DPPC phosphate group, with maximum wavenumbers at 1060, 1086 and 1222 cm-1. These values are the same above and below Tc of the phospholipid. Dehydration produces band-shifts toward higher wavenumbers . PMID- 6547353 TI - Metabolism and biological activity of all-trans 4,4-difluororetinyl acetate. AB - All-trans [11-3H]4,4- difluororetinyl acetate was synthesized by treating methyl all-trans [11-3H]4- oxoretinoate with diethylaminosulfurtrifluoride , followed by reduction and acetylation of the product. After oral administration of the radioactive difluoro analog in oil to rats, difluororetinol , difluororetinyl palmitate and related esters, 4- oxoretinol , 4- oxoretinoic acid and polar conjugated derivatives were identified in the intestine, liver, kidney and/or blood. The major metabolic products were difluororetinyl palmitate and related esters, which were stored in the liver. The presence of the difluoro analog in liver oil from treated rats was confirmed by 19F-NMR spectroscopy. Neither retinol nor retinyl esters were detected as products of the metabolism of the difluoro analog. Nonetheless, all-trans difluororetinyl acetate showed 26 +/- 12% of the biological activity of all-trans retinyl acetate in the rat growth assay. Presumably, the difluoro analog is active per se in growth rather than by conversion to retinol or to one of its known growth-promoting metabolites. In general, however, the difluoro analog was metabolized in a manner very similar to vitamin A. The vitamin A moiety of administered difluororetinyl acetate and retinyl acetate was poorly stored (1.8-3.3%) in the liver of vitamin A-depleted rats, confirming and extending past reports that the liver storage mechanism is severely impaired when initial liver stores are very low. PMID- 6547354 TI - Stimulation of sperm respiration rates by speract and resact at alkaline extracellular pH. AB - At an extracellular pH of 6.6, a peptide (resact) isolated from the egg jelly of Arbacia punctulata increased the respiration rates of A. punctulata spermatozoa but did not activate sperm cells from Lytechinus pictus. In contrast, speract (Gly-Phe-Asp-Leu-Asn-Gly-Gly-Gly-Val-Gly), elevated the respiration rates of L. pictus but not A. punctulata spermatozoa. At normal seawater pH (7.6-8.0) egg jelly from A. punctulata, or egg jelly from L. pictus purified free of speract, inhibited L. pictus sperm respiration rates. Similarly, the egg jelly from L. pictus inhibited the respiration rates of A. punctulata spermatozoa. The jelly component responsible for the inhibition of respiration was nondialyzable. The inhibition of respiration induced by jelly could be reversed by the addition of speract to L. pictus spermatozoa and by the addition of resact to A. punctulata spermatozoa. Speract stimulated L. pictus sperm respiration half-maximally at about 1 nM in the presence of either heterologous or homologous (speract-free) jelly. Monensin A, an ionophore which elevates sperm intracellular pH, reversed the jelly inhibition of respiration. These results demonstrate that two peptides associated with eggs (speract and resact) can stimulate sperm motility and metabolism in the face of inhibitory components present in the egg jelly. Additionally, the peptides demonstrate species specificity. PMID- 6547355 TI - On testing for bioequivalence. AB - A number of methods have been proposed for statistical analysis of bioequivalence trials. A new method is proposed and compared to three previously suggested techniques. This comparison clarifies the relationship among the four methods and yields practical suggestions regarding statistical tests. PMID- 6547356 TI - Confirmatory assay for ivermectin in cattle tissue using chemical ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS). AB - A method based on direct exposure, positive ion, chemical ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ms/ms) was developed for the confirmatory assay of the antiparasitic drug, ivermectin, in animal tissue. Following extraction, column and preparative liquid chromatography, mass spectrometric/mass spectrometric analysis of the drug in liver samples provided reliable detection limits to 8-10 parts-per-billion at a signal: noise of greater than 10:1. Blank tissue consistently displayed no chemical/matrix interference. Besides the development of a confirmatory assay, the study also demonstrates the analytical capability and the role of MS/MS vis-a-vis other applied mass spectrometric techniques. PMID- 6547357 TI - Dynamical machinery of a biochemical clock. PMID- 6547358 TI - An algorithm to equiprobably generate all directed trees with kappa labeled terminal nodes and unlabeled interior nodes. PMID- 6547359 TI - Computer simulation of the geometry of the human bronchial tree. PMID- 6547360 TI - Some pharmacological and biochemical interactions of the enantiomers of adenylyl 5'-(beta, gamma-methylene)-diphosphonate with the guinea-pig urinary bladder. AB - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenylyl 5'-(beta, gamma-methylene) diphosphonate (AMP-PCP) both contracted the guinea-pig urinary bladder, but the response to AMP-PCP was much greater. We synthesized the enantiomer of AMP-PCP, L adenylyl 5'-(beta, gamma-methylene)-diphosphonate (L-AMP-PCP), and tested it on the guinea-pig bladder. L-AMP-PCP contracted the guinea-pig bladder, and was more potent than AMP-PCP and much more potent than ATP. The potential breakdown product of L-AMP-PCP, L-adenosine, unlike adenosine (the breakdown product of AMP PCP), did not inhibit contractions of the guinea-pig bladder. ATP and its enantiomer L-adenosine 5'-triphosphate (L-ATP) were rapidly degraded by the muscle, and AMP-PCP was also degraded, but more slowly. L-AMP-PCP, however, was completely resistant to degradation. L-AMP-PCP would appear to be a useful ATP analogue, as it is potent and resistant to degradation, and its potential breakdown product, L-adenosine, is inactive. PMID- 6547361 TI - Comparative studies of the effects of some antimuscarinic agents on gastric damage and pupillary reflex in the rat. AB - The effects of some antimuscarinic compounds on oxotremorine-induced gastric damage, the pupil size and the pupillary light reflex have been studied in the rat. Unlike atropine, propantheline and methylscopolamine, pirenzepine is effective in preventing gastric erosions at doses much lower than those that affect pupillary reflex. PMID- 6547362 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases: extract from the annual report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Department of Health and Social Security for the year 1982. PMID- 6547363 TI - Evidence that [125I]N-Tyr-delta sleep-inducing peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier by a non-competitive mechanism. AB - Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), a nonapeptide, has previously been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats and the blood-CSF barrier in dogs. New experiments were conducted to determine if this crossing was competitive. Neither DSIP nor several analogs, including non-radioactive [127I]N-Tyr-DSIP, injected by the jugular vein or carotid artery, inhibited passage of radioactive [125I]N-Tyr-DSIP across the rat BBB. Column chromatography of brain samples confirmed that the radioactivity in the brain represented intact [125I]N-Tyr-DSIP and that the non-radioactive competing materials did not interfere with the degradation or binding of [125I]N-Tyr-DSIP. In addition, N-Tyr-DSIP was unable to inhibit the appearance of radioactive [125I]N-Tyr-DSIP in the CSF of dogs. In conclusion, the evidence from these experiments suggests that [125I]N-Tyr-DSIP crosses the rat BBB and dog blood-CSF barrier by a non-competitive mechanism. PMID- 6547364 TI - Ontogeny of a novel peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY) in rat brain. AB - Changes in the concentration of a newly discovered peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY) have been determined in the developing rat brain using a recently developed radioimmunoassay and chromatographic analysis. NPY was present in the brain stem (14.8 +/- 5.6 pmol/g) and diencephalon (12.1 +/- 12.1 pmol/g) in the earliest embryos studied (14 days postconception), but appeared only on the 19th day postconception in the cerebral cortex. The concentrations of NPY showed a rapid postnatal rise in all regions examined. The finding of NPY early in the development of the embryonic rat brain and particularly in caudal regions has some similarities to the pattern of development of the catecholaminergic system. PMID- 6547365 TI - Synaptosomal localization and release of glucagon-like materials in the rat brain. AB - The subcellular localization of glucagon-like materials in the thalamus hypothalamus and brain stem of the rat was investigated. Both glucagon immunoreactivity (GI) determined by C-terminal specific antibody and glucagon like immunoreactivity (GLI) determined by non-specific antibody were enriched in the microsomal and synaptosomal fractions relative to the nuclear, myelin and mitochondrial fractions. Furthermore, the synaptosomal fraction of both the thalamus-hypothalamus and brain stem incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with 55 mM K+ at 37 degrees C released GI and GLI in the presence of Ca++. These findings suggested that glucagon-like substances detected in the brain have a role in the synaptic function. PMID- 6547366 TI - Use of an in vitro technique to detect mutations induced by antineoplastic drugs in mouse germ cells. AB - Male mice were given graded doses of procarbazine or mechlorethamine in the presence or absence of prednisolone. Eight to 24 days later, these mice were mated with untreated females and the resulting zygotes were cultured in vitro from the two-cell stage to an early implantation stage. The frequency of successful embryonic development in these embryos was less than the frequency in embryos sired by untreated control animals. The reduced frequency reflects the induction of mutagenic lesions in the germinal epithelium by the drugs and their transmission by the spermatozoa to the oocyte. PMID- 6547367 TI - Sequential methotrexate and 5-FU in CMFP (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, and prednisone) therapy for breast cancer. AB - Forty-one women with advanced breast cancer were treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, and prednisone. Methotrexate (200 mg/m2) was given iv 1 hour before administering 5-FU (600 mg/m2). Leucovorin (10 mg orally every 6 hours for six doses) was begun 24 hours after the methotrexate. The response rate was 43%, with 19% of patients having a clinically complete remission. This overall objective response rate is lower than that achieved when this drug combination is given at standard doses of methotrexate and with no interval before 5-FU. Toxicity was primarily related to bone marrow suppression; eight women had wbc counts that fell to less than 1500/mm3. PMID- 6547368 TI - Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU (CMF)-induced nausea and vomiting: a controlled study with high-dose metoclopramide. PMID- 6547369 TI - Phase II evaluation of amsacrine in colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinomas: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. PMID- 6547370 TI - Development of new drugs for endocrine tumour chemotherapy. PMID- 6547371 TI - The crystal structure of ethyl 2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside. AB - The crystal structure of ethyl 2,3-dideoxy-alpha-D-erythro-hex-2-enopyranoside, C8H14O4, is orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), with cell dimensions at 123 K [293 K] a = 11.220(2) [11.319(1)], b = 18.387(3) [18.458(2)], c = 8.509(2) [8.635(1)] A, Z = 8. There are two symmetry-independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. In both molecules, the conformation is oH5. The alkenic bond is almost exactly planar in one molecule, with C-1--C-2--C-3--C-4 = +0.8 degrees. In the other molecule, this torsion angle is +3.7 degrees. The glycosidic torsion angle, O-5--C-1--O-1--C-7, has normal exoanomeric values of +71 and +64 degrees. The conformation of the ethoxyl group is extended, with C-1--O-1--C-7--C-8 = +162 and +170 degrees. The primary alcohol group has different orientations, g/t on one molecule, g/g on the other. The characteristic glycosidic bond-shortening observed in the pyranosides is modified in this enopyranoside. Both the ring bond, O-5--C-1, and the glycosidic bond, C-1--O-1, are short, with distances ranging from 1.409 to 1.425 A. Solution and solid-state c.p.-m.a.s., 13C-n.m.r. spectra are reported. PMID- 6547372 TI - Studies on prodrugs of cephalosporins. I. Synthesis and biological properties of glycyloxybenzoyloxymethyl and glycylaminobenzoyloxymethyl esters of 7 beta-[2-(2- aminothiazol-4-yl)-(Z)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3- methyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid. PMID- 6547373 TI - The antifungal activity of stilbene derivative. PMID- 6547375 TI - A simple method for the separation and quantitation of neutral carbohydrates of glycoproteins in the one nanomole range on an adapted amino acid analyzer. PMID- 6547374 TI - Two new methods for separating and quantifying bone and liver alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in plasma. AB - We describe two new methods for the separation and quantification of the bone and liver isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in plasma. In the first, we use wheat-germ lectin to precipitate the bone isoenzyme. About 80% of this, but minimal liver isoenzyme, is precipitated. The activity of the bone isoenzyme is calculated from measuring the alkaline phosphatase activity in the precipitate, that of liver alkaline phosphatase by subtracting the activity of the bone isoenzyme from total alkaline phosphatase activity. The liver fraction will also contain biliary, intestinal, and placental alkaline phosphatase if these are present in the original plasma, but correction for such activity is readily made. In the second method, samples are separated on cellulose acetate membranes that, before electrophoresis, have been soaked in buffer containing wheat-germ lectin. The bone isoenzyme is retarded and clearly separated from the liver fraction, allowing these isoenzymes to be quantified by densitometry. Both methods are rapid, reproducible, and suitable for use in the diagnostic laboratory. PMID- 6547376 TI - Immunological characterization of renal glycosuria patients. AB - We have evaluated the autoantibody pattern, the production of specific immunoglobulins against bacteria in the urinary tract and lymphocytes populations in peripheral blood of primary renal glycosuria patients. All the affected members present autoantibodies against various antigens. In nine patients immunofluorescence revealed antibody coated bacteria in urine specimens. Imbalances in lymphocytes subpopulations are also present, with a reduction of OKT8+ cells and an increase of B and natural killer cells. These results support previous observations about immunological abnormalities in these patients. PMID- 6547377 TI - Localised grade 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: results of treatment with radiotherapy (BNLI Report No. 24). AB - This report reviews 85 patients entered into the British National Lymphoma Investigation with localised (clinical Stage 1 and 2) Grade 2 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, who were treated initially with radiotherapy alone. Almost half of all patients presented with extranodal disease. The duration of follow-up was 20-106 months. There were 33 deaths due to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The complete local response rate was dependent on the radiotherapy dose and reached 100% for doses of 4500 cGy or more. Most first failures occurred at a distant nodal site or were due to the development of generalised disease. There was a significant difference in actuarial survival between Stage 1 and Stage 2 patients (P less than 0.005). The 5-year survivals were 78% and 40%, respectively. The site of presenting disease was also important. Stage 1 patients with nodal or ear, nose and throat (ENT) disease had an excellent 5-year survival of 84%, but Stage 2 patients with nodal or ENT disease had a 5-year survival of only 46%. As many of these Stage 2 patients rapidly developed disseminated disease, their survival might have been improved by treatment with chemotherapy before radiotherapy. PMID- 6547378 TI - Oxalate absorption and postprandial urine supersaturation in an experimental human model of absorptive hypercalciuria. AB - The effect of 1.25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] on dietary oxalate absorption and postprandial urine supersaturation with calcium oxalate was determined in 11 normal subjects. 1,25-(OH)2D increased the urinary excretion of orally administered [14C]oxalate in the 8 h period after a liquid meal containing 1.875 mmol of calcium and 0.83 mmol of oxalate (P less than 0.01), and during a 48 h period when the subjects ingested a diet containing 25 mmol of calcium and 3.3 mmol of oxalate/day (P less than 0.01); however, 1,25-(OH)2D administration had no effect on [14C]oxalate excretion when calcium was removed from the liquid meal. 1.25-(OH)2D increased 24 h urinary oxalate excretion from 28.7 +/- 2.1 mmol/mol of creatinine to 36.8 +/- 2.6 mmol/mol of creatinine (P less than 0.05) on the 10 mmol/day calcium diet and from 26.4 +/- 2.9 to 33.2 +/- 2.2 mmol/mol of creatinine (P less than 0.1) on the 25 mmol/day calcium diet. A linear correlation (r = 0.72) was found between plasma 1,25-(OH)2D levels and urinary [14C]oxalate excretion after the liquid meal. 1,25-(OH)2D administration produced postprandial supersaturation of urine with calcium oxalate and calcium oxalate crystalluria. These studies suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D increases oxalate absorption (and urinary excretion) by increasing calcium absorption, which results in less binding of calcium to oxalate in the intestine; therefore more oxalate is available for absorption. The combined effect of increased calcium and oxalate absorption results in postprandial supersaturation of urine with calcium oxalate, with resultant crystalluria. PMID- 6547379 TI - Nonlinear regression program to individualize oral theophylline dosage. AB - Theophylline pharmacokinetic values were estimated by two similar computer assisted methods, and the predictive ability of these methods was evaluated. In each of two study phases, baseline serum theophylline concentrations were obtained in 20 adults receiving oral theophylline for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the subjects received no theophylline for 48 hours before start of each phase. In phase 1 all patients received theophylline 400 mg followed by 300 mg every six hours for three doses, and serum theophylline concentrations were measured at 0-6 hours and at 24 hours. In phase 2 patients received individualized theophylline doses calculated from phase 1 data. Predictive method 1 used measured serum theophylline concentrations at 2, 6, and 24 hours to estimate pharmacokinetic values, and method 2 used concentrations at 6 and 24 hours. The computer-predicted values were used to calculate 24-hour serum theophylline concentrations for individualized regimens in phase 2; these were compared with the measured concentration. Pharmacokinetic values predicted by both methods were compared with values based on data obtained after the loading dose in phase 1. Both methods were unbiased when predicting clearance, half-life, and volume of distribution. Estimates of half-life and volume of distribution were significantly more precise with method 1. Both methods underpredicted serum theophylline concentration at 24 hours. The greater number of serum concentrations in method 1 allowed more precise prediction of t1/2 and V; in instances where precision is not critical, method 2 is an acceptable alternative. PMID- 6547380 TI - A user-oriented information system for emergency medicine. AB - A user-oriented Emergency Medical Services Information System ( EMSIS ) has been developed in our medical center that can readily be established by any interested medical center. This minicomputer based system provides online registration of poison center calls, access to the Poisindex (C) data base, concise patient information sheets, access to EMS treatment protocols, assistance in the differential diagnosis of acute poisoning, dosage recommendations for drugs with a narrow therapeutic margin, and kinetic analysis of drug overdoses. Video terminals access EMSIS in the Emergency Department, pharmacy, outpatient medicine clinic, pediatric clinic, medicine wards, poison control center, and biomedical engineering. A PDP 11/70 with 256 Kb core and 48 ports running under RSTS /E V7 .0 supports an average of 20 simultaneous users. PMID- 6547381 TI - Food intolerance in childhood. PMID- 6547382 TI - A computer program for analyzing enzyme kinetic data using graphical display and statistical analysis. AB - A computer program, PENNZYME (M. C. Kohn, L. E. Menten, and D. Garfinkel, Comput. Biomed. Res. 12, 461, 1979), that fits trial rate laws to enzyme and transport steady-state kinetic data by nonlinear regression has been enhanced. The new version includes a set of mnemonic commands which can be displayed in a menu at the user's option. Graphic displays of measured data and computed curves, as well as deviations between them (residual plots) have been added to aid the user in determining if a model is free of bias or systematic error. Other features include the ability to display the variance-covariance matrix of the parameters, to hold individual parameters constant during an optimization, and to optimize error models for the experimental data by the extended-least-squares technique. PMID- 6547384 TI - Concerning the article "Ultrastructural evaluation of the retina in retinopathy of prematurity and correlations with vitamin E therapy". PMID- 6547383 TI - Guinea pig maximization tests with formaldehyde releasers. Results from two laboratories. AB - The guinea pig maximization test was used to evaluate the sensitizing potential of formaldehyde and 6 formaldehyde releasers (Forcide 78, Germall 115, Grotan BK, Grotan OX, KM 200 and Preventol D2). The tests were carried out in 2 laboratories (Copenhagen and Stockholm), and although we intended the procedures to be the same, discrepancies were observed, possibly due to the use of different animal strains, test concentrations and vehicles. The sensitizing potential was in general found to be stronger in Stockholm compared to Copenhagen: formaldehyde sensitized 50% of the guinea pigs in Copenhagen and 95% in Stockholm. For Grotan BK, the corresponding rates were 20% and 74%. Forcide 78, KM 200 and Preventol D2 sensitized 20% to 25% of the animals in Copenhagen, while Germall 115 and Grotan OX sensitized 60% to 70% of the animals in Stockholm. PMID- 6547385 TI - alpha, beta-Diacryloxypropionic acid, a sensitizing impurity in commercial acrylic acid. AB - In samples of commercial acrylic acid a strongly contact sensitizing constituent was discovered by application of Freund's Complete Adjuvant Test in guinea pigs. The skin reactions were due to the presence of varying quantities of alpha,beta- diacryloxypropionic acid (DAPA), which was identified after methylation. The commercial product is an example of a composition that defies gas-chromatographic quality-control: Under the circumstances of this analysis the secondary product that is formed during the synthesis of acrylic acid is so unstable that it does not pass polar liquid phases. Distilled acrylic acid does not contain the sensitizing acid. PMID- 6547386 TI - [Therapy of multiple myeloma. Results of sequential treatment with melphalan prednisolone and the M2 protocol]. AB - Melphalan and prednisolone were intermittently used for treatment of 101 patients with multiple myeloma. In case of progression, either initially or after remission or after a phase of stabilisation, treatment was changed to the M-2 protocol. By primary treatment, remission was obtained in 24 patients, a stable phase in 47 patients. The treatment of second choice which became necessary in a total of 46 patients led to remission in 5 patients (11%), 21 (46%) became stabilised and in 20 (43%) the disease progressed. The median survival time for all 101 patients was 40.5 months after commencement of treatment. In patients with remission it was clearly longer (67 months) than in those with stable disease (38.1 months) or in those with progression (16.8 months). The mean time of survival after commencement of treatment of second choice was 12.5 months. Compared to other studies the remission rates are slight, the time of survival, however, is very remarkable. The overall survival rates are equivalent to the results thus far obtained by more aggressive treatment schemes. PMID- 6547387 TI - Neuropeptide Y and human pancreatic polypeptide stimulate feeding behavior in rats. AB - Observations that a pancreatic polypeptide-like substance, possibly neuropeptide Y, is present in hypothalamic areas and may coexist with catecholamines prompted evaluation of its role in controlling feeding behavior. Intracerebroventricular administration of 2 or 10 micrograms of human pancreatic polypeptide to ovariectomized rats pretreated with estradiol benzoate plus progesterone significantly increased the number of animals feeding, and total food intake in tests conducted during the light phase of the day. Administration of neuropeptide Y, 2 or 10 micrograms, induced feeding in all rats, and food intake was 3 times greater than that observed after human pancreatic polypeptide injection. These findings imply that neuropeptide Y, or a closely related pancreatic polypeptide like neuropeptide, plays an important role in neural regulation of feeding behavior. PMID- 6547388 TI - Inflammation-mediated osteopenia in the rat: a new animal model for pathological loss of bone mass. AB - We have developed a rat model of inflammation-mediated osteopenia. Generalized loss of trabecular bone occurs in the rat after sc injection of nonspecific irritants such as talcum (magnesium silicate) and cotton wool (Cellulose). Although it appears likely that a systemic mediator of bone resorption is responsible for these effects, the loss of bone was not due to increased PTH secretion, since it occurred in parathyroidectomized rats, nor due to excessive 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 production. In parathyroidectomized rats, this inflammation was associated with significant increase in serum calcium within 4-7 days independent of its cause. Identification and characterization of this mechanism may provide insight into the bone loss associated with chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease. PMID- 6547389 TI - Tosyl-lysyl chloromethane alters glucocorticoid-receptor complex nuclear binding and physical properties. AB - We have investigated the effect of tosyl-lysyl chloromethane (a serine proteinase inhibitor) on rat liver cytosolic glucocorticoid-receptor complex binding to isolated nuclei. Tosyl-lysyl chloromethane (1-2 mM) significantly blocked nuclear binding when added before (but not after) thermal activation. Fifty percent inhibition occurred at about 1 mM tosyl-lysyl chloromethane. Interestingly, several other serine proteinase inhibitors (tosyl-phenylalanyl chloromethane, phenylmethyl sulphonylfluoride, and diisopropyl fluorophosphate) also depressed glucocorticoid-receptor complex nuclear binding. Tosyl-lysyl chloromethane, like molybdate, inhibited dilution-induced nuclear binding at low temperature, altered the DEAE-cellulose binding characteristics of heat-treated glucocorticoid receptor complexes, and caused glucocorticoid-receptor complexes to sediment at about 9-10S (control complexes sedimented at 7-8S) in low salt-sucrose density gradients. Overall, these results suggest that tosyl-lysyl chloromethane modulates several properties of the glucocorticoid-receptor complex, that tosyl lysyl chloromethane effects resemble those of molybdate, and that a serine proteinase(s) could be involved in the mechanism of glucocorticoid-receptor complex activation into a nuclear binding form. PMID- 6547390 TI - Computer processing of transaortic valve blood pressures in the horse using the first derivative of the left ventricular pressure trace. AB - A method is described of processing transaortic valve pressures in the horse using the first derivative of the left ventricular pressure to define the beginning and end of each systolic complex. To determine the beginning of each systole three definitions of left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), based on a 100, 150 or 200 mmHg/sec rate of left ventricular diastolic pressure rise, were evaluated. These definitions were also evaluated for their ability to determine isovolumic contraction time (ICT) and pulse interval. The best of these, LVEDP 150, was defined as the last point in diastole before a rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (LVdP/dt) equal to or exceeding 150 mmHg/sec sustained over 44 msecs. The end of left ventricular ejection was estimated from the left ventricular pressure trace as the point at which--LVdP/dtmax occurred. There was good agreement between the values of left ventricular ejection time (LVET) measured to the incisura of the aortic pressure trace and LVET calculated to the time of--LVdP/dtmax (r = 0.991). The importance of visually examining the waveforms before committing them to automatic processing is emphasised. PMID- 6547391 TI - Bombesin and the C-terminal tetradecapeptide of gastrin-releasing peptide are growth factors for normal human bronchial epithelial cells. AB - Bombesin and the C-terminal portion of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP14-27) each increase clonal growth rate and colony-forming efficiency of normal human bronchial epithelial cells. These effects occur in the presence or absence of an optimal concentration (5 ng/ml) of epidermal growth factor (EGF). In contrast to EGF bombesin and GRP14-27 do not stimulate cell migration. Thus, bombesin and the C-terminal fragment of gastrin-releasing peptide represent a new class of peptides mitogenic for normal human epithelial cells. PMID- 6547392 TI - [Hypnogenic properties of the delta-sleep peptide and its structural analogs]. AB - It has been demonstrated in unrestrained rabbits that the delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP, 60 micrograms, intraventricularly) produced sleep lasting 55-65 min. At that time the amount of delta-waves on the EEG was 230 % of the initial level. Of the 22 structural analogs of DSIP, the DPhe-containing compound compared favourably with the delta-sleep-inducing peptide as regards the activity. Other analogs were either less active or had no hypnogenic activity at all. PMID- 6547393 TI - Atrial pronatriodilatin: a precursor for natriuretic factor and cardiodilatin. Amino acid sequence evidence. AB - Numerous peptides isolated from rat heart atria, including two containing 33 and 73 amino acids, were isolated and shown to exhibit natriuretic activities. Here, we describe the purification and partial amino acid sequence of a 106-residue peptide containing the previously sequenced 33- and 73-amino-acid ANF peptides. The determined sequence is a novel one and is not significantly homologous to any known protein or segment thereof. In fact, this sequence shows significant homology only to another novel partial sequence obtained from sequence analysis of a porcine peptide, called cardiodilatin, also found in heart atria. This relationship is taken as evidence that ANF and cardiodilatin are part of the same precursor molecule which would contain at the very least 126 amino acids. PMID- 6547394 TI - Isolation and characterization of 1-O-alpha-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D galactopyranosyl-myo-inositol from pregnancy urine. AB - A new neutral glycoside of myo-inositol was isolated from the pregnancy urine of a single donor. Its structure was investigated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy. It was identified as 1-O-alpha-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D galactopyranosyl-myo-inositol. No such structure or sequence has previously been reported in either myo-inositol or glucose glycosides. PMID- 6547395 TI - Mutants, revertants and variants of metastasis. PMID- 6547396 TI - Phosphorylation of insulin receptors solubilized from rat skeletal muscle. AB - A method has been developed to solubilize insulin receptors from skeletal muscles. Rat hindlimb muscles were rapidly frozen in liquid nitrogen, powdered, extracted with buffered Triton X-100, and partially purified by differential centrifugation followed by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. The solubilized receptors exhibit typical curvilinear Scatchard plots in insulin binding assays: rapid, Mn2+-dependent autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit on exposure to insulin as well as insulin-stimulated kinase activity toward histone H2B. Furthermore, when intact soleus muscles were incubated in phosphate-depleted medium containing Na2H[32P]PO4, addition of insulin stimulated the in situ phosphorylation of the beta-subunit of the insulin receptor. The ability to rapidly and efficiently isolate insulin receptors from skeletal muscle may permit investigation of factors that modulate insulin action in this tissue. PMID- 6547397 TI - Chemical structure of angiotensin formed by incubating plasma with the corpuscles of Stannius in the Japanese goosefish, Lophius litulon. AB - The chemical structure of angiotensin formed by incubating the extract of the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) with homologous plasma in the Japanese goosefish , Lophius litulon , was analyzed. Goosefish CS angiotensin was proposed as [Asn1, Val5, His9 ] angiotensin I based on amino acid analysis and fluorescent peptide mapping techniques. It had the same structure as angiotensin produced by incubating the kidney extract with homologous plasma, indicating that CS angiotensin was not organ specific. PMID- 6547398 TI - Parental fanning behavior and prolactin cell activity in the male three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L. AB - During the period that sexually mature male three-spined sticklebacks display parental fanning behavior, the rate of synthesis and release of the prolactin cells in the hypophysis, as estimated with quantitative electron microscopy, is enhanced considerably. This finding points to involvement of endogenous prolactin in the regulation of parental fanning behavior in this species. PMID- 6547399 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by benzo[a]anthracene: regulatory gene localized to the distal portion of mouse chromosome 17. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase inducibility by benzo[a]anthracene was studied in 29 somatic cell hybrid clones, developed by fusing mouse spleen or peritoneal cells from four different inbred strains with hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient Chinese hamster E36 cells. Karyotype analysis plus 25 markers assigned to 16 autosomes and the X chromosome were examined. In 28 of the 29 clones, the presence or absence of inducibility is associated with the presence or absence, respectively, of mouse chromosome 17. Liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction by 3-methylcholanthrene or benzo[a]anthracene was assessed in appropriate backcrosses with the Mus musculus molossinus, M. m. castaneus, MOR/Cv, PL/J, SM/J and DBA/2J inbred strains and in 13 NX8 recombinant inbred lines. Twenty-seven biochemical genetic markers representing all but four autosomes were tested for possible linkage with the hydroxylase inducibility, and no linkage was found. The hepatic Ah receptor was quantitated in 26 BXD recombinant inbred lines; the Ah phenotype did not match exactly any of the more than 70 genes with established strain distribution patterns representing 12 autosomes and at least five unlinked markers. It is concluded that a major gene controlling aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility by benzo[a]anthracene is located on chromosome 17. Because there is no significant linkage with any of three biochemical markers in the upper third of the chromosome, we conclude that the inducibility gene is located in the distal 40% of mouse chromosome 17. Whether this trait represents the Ah locus, i.e., the gene encoding the cytosolic Ah receptor, will require further study. PMID- 6547401 TI - Induction of lamellar body synthesis by corticosteroids in first-trimester human fetal lungs. AB - Small pieces of 7- to 12-week-old human fetal lung, originating from legal abortions, were maintained in organ culture for 21 days. In the last 5 days of cultivation the explants were treated with dexamethasone (10 ng/ml) or betamethasone (10 ng/ml) and were then prepared for electron-microscopic examination. In response to corticosteroid treatment numerous characteristic osmiophilic lamellar bodies had developed in the cytoplasm of alveolar cells. Their fine structure resembled the osmiophilic myelin structure which can be found in type II pneumocytes of the mature lung. No difference could be observed between the effects of dexamethasone and betamethasone. The steroids did not alter the normal fine structure of the lung cells. It was concluded that corticosteroids may have a direct effect on the formation of lamellar bodies and phospholipid synthesis in type II pneumocytes by 7-12 weeks of gestation. PMID- 6547400 TI - Effect of peptide histidine isoleucine on water and electrolyte transport in the human jejunum. AB - Peptide histidine isoleucine, a 27 amino acid peptide with close amino acid sequence homology to vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin, is distributed throughout the mammalian intestinal tract, where it has been localised to intramural neurones. An intestinal perfusion technique has been used to study the effect of intravenous peptide histidine isoleucine (44.5 pmol/kg/min) on water and electrolyte transport from a plasma like electrolyte solution in human jejunum in vivo. Peptide histidine isoleucine infusion produced peak plasma peptide histidine isoleucine concentrations in the range 2000-3000 pmol/l, flushing, tachycardia and a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. Peptide histidine isoleucine caused a significant inhibition of net absorption of water, sodium, potassium and bicarbonate and induced a net secretion of chloride, these changes being completely reversed during the post-peptide histidine isoleucine period. These findings suggest that endogenous peptide histidine isoleucine may participate in the neurohumoral regulation of water and electrolyte transport in the human jejunum. PMID- 6547402 TI - Bulky mediastinal Hodgkin's disease management and prognosis. AB - Of a total of 235 Stage I and II Hodgkin's disease patients treated between 1970 and 1979, 103 (43.8 per cent) had mediastinal involvement in 45 of whom the disease was bulky and in 58 non-bulky. This report concentrates on bulky disease patients of whom 45 per cent did not relapse after therapy and 71 per cent are alive. Patients with mediastinal disease were treated with radiotherapy (63), sequential chemo-radiotherapy (37) or chemotherapy alone (3). In the radiotherapy group the relapse rate for bulky disease was significantly higher (65 per cent) than for non-bulky disease (44 per cent) (P less than 0.05) although there was no significant difference in survival. Neither relapse rate nor survival differed significantly in bulky disease patients treated with radiotherapy compared with combined chemo-radiotherapy although there was a 20 per cent difference in relapse-free survival rate in favour of the combined treatment group at five years. Treatments were not allocated randomly and the chemo-radiotherapy group contained a disproportionate number of patients with adverse features (greater than 3 node areas involved, limited lung extension) compared with the irradiated group; 11/25 and 2/17 respectively. The number of lymph node areas involved appeared to influence the relapse rate in the radiotherapy group. There was no correlation between mediastinal mass size and number of node areas involved suggesting that these two features may be independent prognostic factors. PMID- 6547403 TI - Mediastinal Hodgkin's disease. Significance of mediastinal involvement in early stage Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6547404 TI - Milk consumption, calcium intake, and decreased hypertension in Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Heart Health Program study. AB - The baseline observations in the Puerto Rico Heart Health Program during 1965 1968 involved blood pressure determinations, other measurements, and a 24-hour dietary recall in 7932 men aged 45-64 years. This extensive data base provided an opportunity to test the hypothesis that low calcium intake is related to increased blood pressure level. Among men without baseline coronary heart disease and not taking antihypertensive medication, there was an inverse relationship between milk consumption and definite hypertension in urban Puerto Rican men and older rural men. When data from all age and area groups had been averaged, a twofold increase in hypertension was found in subgroups who drank no milk compared to those who consumed over 1 quart of milk a day. Similar trends were found when an estimate of total calcium intake from food, principally from milk, was used. With multivariate analysis while known correlates of blood pressure were simultaneously considered, an independent effect persisted between milk consumption and blood pressure. These results appeared to confirm an inverse association between calcium and hypertension. It was still not possible to ascribe a causal relationship between calcium and blood pressure, however, due to the intricate network of covarying food intakes, the factors related to absorption or lack of absorption of calcium, and the possible role that unmeasured social and cultural factors may play in the observed relations. PMID- 6547405 TI - Coupling antibody with DTPA--an alternative to the cyclic anhydride. PMID- 6547406 TI - Software control of sensing and stimulation for cardiac electrophysiological study. AB - A software-controlled cardiac stimulator for clinical investigations is described. The stimulator is programmed by the user at a keyboard, while current status and values of parameters are presented on a visual display screen. A menu of predefined cardiac electrophysiological tests is available for user selection. Validity checks on data keyed in by the user and internal checks on safe pacing limits are incorporated in case of malfunction or user error. The system consists of a separate relatively simple isolated sensing and stimulation unit which communicates, via a standard digital input output interface, with a controlling microcomputer. All timing and control functions are performed in software by the computer. The use of high-level FORTRAN as the main programming language provides the system with a high degree of adaptability. PMID- 6547407 TI - Cyclic peptides. XVI. Syntheses of AM-toxin I analogs containing a lower or higher homolog of the component L-2-amino-5-(p-methoxyphenyl)pentanoic acid residue. AB - In order to investigate the influence of the side-chain length at position 3 of AM-toxin I (cyclic tetradepsipeptide) on necrotic activity for apple leaf, two analogs of AM-toxin I, [L-2-amino-4-(p-methoxyphenyl)butanoic acid]-AM-toxin I and [L-2-amino-6-(p-methoxyphenyl)hexanoic acid]-AM-toxin I, were synthesized by the conventional method. Spectra of 1H-n.m.r., u.v. and CD of the analogs were similar to those of natural or synthetic AM-toxin I. The toxic activities of the analogs for apple leaf, however, were weak, indicating that the exact side-chain length at position 3 must be one of the important factors for the induction of the activity. The interaction between AM-toxin I and a possible receptor on apple leaf is discussed. PMID- 6547408 TI - Antidiuretic and pressor activities of vasopressin analogs with L-alaninamide and D-alaninamide substitutions at position 9. AB - Analogs of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and lysine vasopressin (LVP)--with an L alaninamide residue or a D-alaninamide residue replacing the naturally occurring glycinamide in position 9--lose virtually all pressor activity but retain from 10 to 70% of the antidiuretic activity of their parent hormones. These findings, in conjunction with the data of others on the biological consequences of alterations in positions 7 and 8, show that the antidiuretic receptor will tolerate considerably more structural alteration in the C-terminal tripeptide "tail" of the vasopressins than will the pressor receptor. PMID- 6547409 TI - In vitro bone metabolism in hypophosphatemic mice: 32P and 45Ca release from cultured calvaria. PMID- 6547410 TI - A radionuclide model for evaluating sealability of retrograde filling materials. PMID- 6547411 TI - Biological activity of glycosides of vitamin D3 and 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. AB - For the first time, the biological activity of the newly synthesized glycosides of vitamin D3 and of 1 alpha(OH)D3 has been studied in rats, chickens, and Japanese quails. Glucosidation did not reduce the activity of vitamin D3. In chickens, vitamin D3 glucoside has an activity of 90% to 95% as compared to the aglycon. In rats vitamin D3 glucoside is equally active when given by intravenous or oral route. Glycosides of 1 alpha (OH)D3, however, show a lower activity in rats, chickens, and quails. 1 alpha (OH)D3 glucoside has about 10% activity of the free 1 alpha (OH)D3, while 1 alpha (OH)D3 cellobioside is without any activity in chickens. 1 alpha (OH)D3 glucoside might be of interest, due to its broader therapeutical dosage range. PMID- 6547412 TI - Uptake of ascorbic acid by human granulocytes. AB - The uptake of ascorbic acid by isolated human granulocytes is investigated under different conditions. The rate of uptake depends on the concentration of ascorbic acid in the incubation medium as well as on temperature, with a maximum at 40 degrees C. At 0 degrees C no uptake can be observed. N-formylated peptides being known to stimulate human granulocytes, considerably increase ascorbic acid uptake, but the non-formylated methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine is without effect. Glucose is a strong inhibitor of ascorbate uptake with a Ki of 3.7 mM and a stoichiometry of 1:1. Fructose does not inhibit at all and galactose only at elevated concentrations. Phlorizin, a known inhibitor of glucose transport, inhibits the uptake of ascorbic acid to the same extent as that of glucose. Elevated glucose levels do not induce a release of ascorbic acid out of the cells. It is concluded that ascorbic acid is actively accumulated in human granulocytes and that stimulated cells respond with a pronounced increase of ascorbate uptake. The site of ascorbic acid transport across the membrane is probably the same as of glucose. PMID- 6547413 TI - Gastric cytoprotection by pirenzepine: role of endogenous catecholamines. AB - Acute gastric ulcerations were produced in fasted rats by pylorus ligation or by administration of polymyxin B or absolute ethanol. In pylorus-ligated rats pirenzepine 25 mg/kg per os decreased by about 50% the ulceration score, without affecting gastric acid and pepsin output. A similar percentage inhibition of ulceration score with no change of gastric acidity was obtained with pirenzepine 5 mg/kg per os in the case of gastric lesions provoked by polymyxin B. Ethanol induced gastric lesions were also markedly reduced by pirenzepine, with 50% inhibition occurring with the dose of 25 mg/kg. The release of catecholamines from rat isolated gastric tissue during stimulation of sympathetic periarterial nerves was significantly reduced by pirenzepine 1 X 10(-6) g/ml. The present results indicate that pirenzepine significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by various stimulants; the protective effect of pirenzepine did not appear to be related to increased sympathetic tone. PMID- 6547414 TI - Sucralfate and carbenoxolone in the treatment of functional disturbances following partial gastrectomy. AB - 30 patients submitted to partial gastrectomy (Billroth II) who later suffered digestive complaints (pain, "heartburn", bilious vomiting) showed gastric hyperemia, oedema and some erosions of the gastric stump when examined by endoscopy, the presence of cancer having been excluded by biopsy. These patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 15, one of which was treated with sucralfate (1 g 4 times), and the other with carbenoxolone (50 mg 4 times), daily for 8 weeks. After sucralfate the endoscopic finding showed a clear improvement in the gastric wall, accompanied by the almost complete disappearance of the complaint symptoms, in 13 cases (86.6%). After carbenoxolone the same improvement was observed at the endoscopy in 12 cases (80%), with similar recovery from symptoms. Nevertheless, no histological changes that could be attributed to the treatments were observed. In those patients whose endoscopic pattern remained unchanged by either drug, the complaints did not show any relief. No side-effects were detected during either of these drug treatments, each of which showed a similar therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 6547415 TI - Incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients attending a Dublin venereal disease clinic. PMID- 6547416 TI - The use of computerized tomography in the study of the cruciate ligaments of the knee. AB - Computerized tomography was used to investigate the knee joint, without the aid of a contrast medium, in 253 patients referred with a variety of diagnoses. The authors report in particular their experience in the visualization of the cruciate ligaments and assessment of the location, extent and nature of any relative lesions. Computerized tomography proved to be an extremely reliable means of investigating all the capsulo-ligamentous structures, both intra- and extra-articular. The diagnosis was accurate in 94% of cases with disorders of the cruciate ligaments. PMID- 6547417 TI - Recent and long-established lesions of the capsular ligaments of the knee. AB - Twenty-two cases of capsulo-ligamentous lesions of the knee are presented. These cover a period of 2 years. They are subdivided into two groups - recent lesions and late lesions. Emphasis is given to the predominance of the medial compartment in recent lesions and of the posterior cruciate ligament in the late lesions. PMID- 6547419 TI - The histochemist's phantom image analyser. PMID- 6547418 TI - The use of bed distribution and service population indexes for hospital bed allocation. AB - To provide an empirical base for bed reallocation within a hospital planning jurisdiction in Canada, this article proposes a population-based method to measure the distribution of acute care beds for each district and the service load for each hospital. The measure for the bed distribution (BDI) is the number of beds per 1,000 age-sex-adjusted number of residents in a district, while the service load of a hospital is measured by the number of persons being served per bed (SPI). The number of beds allocated to each district, or the number of persons served by each hospital, was estimated by applying the hospital service population model, which employs both relevance- and commitment-index methods. The method thus proposed was applied to Alberta data. It appears that both BDI and SPI measures are stable across the variation of methods or data sources, yet sensitive enough to detect changes over the years. Using these indexes, potentially over- or underbedded districts and over- or underloaded hospitals can be identified for further investigation so that possible reallocation of acute care beds among the hospitals may take place. PMID- 6547420 TI - [Hydrophobic acridine dyes for fluorescence staining of mitochondria in living cells. 2. Comparison of staining of living and fixed Hela-cells with NAO and DPPAO]. AB - The hydrophobic fluorescence dyes NAO and DPPAO (see scheme of structural formulae) stain the mitochondria of living HeLa-cells. The trans-membrane potential favours the dye accumulation of the cation NAO and supports the hydrophobic interaction of the dye with the mitochondrial membrane lipids and proteins. The lecithin-like dye DPPAO is electrical neutral. Its binding to mitochondria of living cells is only caused by hydrophobic interaction. NAO and DPPAO stain also the mitochondria of glutaraldehyde fixed HeLa-cells in aqueous medium. Fluorescence staining occurs even after extraction of the lipids of the cell with acetone. We suppose that the dye accumulation in the mitochondria of the fixed cells is caused by the hydrophobic interaction between the dyes and the very hydrophobic mitochondrial lipids and proteins. PMID- 6547421 TI - Thermal dose determination in cancer therapy. AB - With the rapid development of clinical hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer either alone or in conjunction with other modalities, a means of measuring a thermal dose in terms which are clinically relevant to the biological effect is needed. A comparison of published data empirically suggests a basic relationship that may be used to calculate a "thermal dose." From a knowledge of the temperature during treatment as a function of time combined with a mathematical description of the time-temperature relationship, an estimate of the actual treatment calculated as an exposure time at some reference temperature can be determined. This could be of great benefit in providing a real-time accumulated dose during actual patient treatment. For the purpose of this study, a reference temperature of 43 degrees C has been arbitrarily chosen to convert all thermal exposures to "equivalent-minutes" at this temperature. This dose calculation can be compared to an integrated calculation of the "degree-minutes" to determine its prognostic ability. The time-temperature relationship upon which this equivalent dose calculation is based does not predict, nor does it require, that different tissues have the same sensitivity to heat. A computer program written in FORTRAN is included for performing calculations of both equivalent-minutes (t43) and degree-minutes (tdm43). Means are provided to alter the reference temperature, the Arrhenius "break" temperature and the time-temperature relationship both above and below the "break" temperature. In addition, the effect of factors such as step-down heating, thermotolerance, and physiological conditions on thermal dose calculations are discussed. The equations and methods described in this report are not intended to represent the only approach for thermal dose estimation; instead, they are intended to provide a simple but effective means for such calculations for clinical use and to stimulate efforts to evaluate data in terms of therapeutically useful thermal units. PMID- 6547422 TI - Dermatitis in a dog associated with exposure to an arsenic compound. PMID- 6547423 TI - Lymphosarcoma as the cause of ataxia in a horse. PMID- 6547425 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of eye tissues. AB - We present a survey of our current investigations on lens and corneal tissue. Using scanning electron microscope techniques, we have studied lens fiber organization, lens capsule and subcapsular epithelium, the effect of Nd:YAG laser treatment on the lens, the endothelial effects of a relatively traumatic introduction of an intraocular lens, with and without sodium hyaluronate (Healon) pretreatment, and the epithelial reaction to foldings in Descemet's membrane (Descemet's folds). PMID- 6547424 TI - Long-term follow-up of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. AB - A Nd:YAG laser developed for ophthalmic surgery was studied for safety and efficacy in secondary discission of the posterior capsule in aphakic and pseudophakic subjects. The study involves 6,800 subjects, 526 of whom had completed the six-month postoperative course by the time the data base was closed for analysis. Of the 526 subjects who were treated with the laser, 87.8% had improved vision, with 82.9% achieving a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. This result compares favorably with results for the surgically treated population in which only 68.4% experienced improved vision, with 80.2% achieving a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Approximately four times more surgically treated subjects than laser-treated subjects experienced diminished vision (14.8%). Cumulative complication rates in the laser-treated population were very low (CME 2.3%, secondary glaucoma 3.6%, retinal detachment 0.4%, overall rate 4.8%). Persistent complications (present at the six-month postoperative period) were present at an overall incidence of 2.3%, comprised primarily of CME, 0.2%, retinal detachment, 0.2%, and secondary glaucoma, 0.8%. Only 5.7% of subjects experienced an intraocular pressure (IOP) rise to 30 mm Hg or greater. Return to the preoperative IOP level occurred in 89% of subjects in the first 24 hours to one week. Predictors of IOP rise to 30 mm Hg or greater were determined to be preoperative glaucoma and/or preoperative IOP of greater than 20 mm Hg. PMID- 6547426 TI - Complications while removing the IOLAB 91Z lens for the UGH-UGH+ syndrome. AB - Five patients having UGH+ syndrome (uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema plus vitreous hemorrhage) with the IOLAB 91Z intraocular lens (IOL) requiring removal are reported. Preoperative gonioscopy showed the polypropylene loops to be enmeshed in synechias. In four cases the IOL was difficult to remove and two cases had significant intraoperative complications. In one case we used the Nd:YAG laser to cut the synechias preoperatively and effected an easy removal. PMID- 6547427 TI - Postoperative astigmatism induced by intraocular lens tilt. AB - We report a case of intraocular lens implantation with an unexpected postoperative increase in spectacle astigmatism but no change in corneal astigmatism. The Nd:YAG laser was used to release a fibrous capsular band that was tilting the posterior chamber implant and causing four diopters of astigmatism. PMID- 6547428 TI - Neodymium: YAG laser damage to glass intraocular lens. PMID- 6547429 TI - Use of the Apple II+ computer and DBMaster database management program. PMID- 6547430 TI - Cepacin A and cepacin B, two new antibiotics produced by Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - Two new acetylenic antibiotics, cepacins A and B, have been isolated from the fermentation broth of Pseudomonas cepacia SC 11,783 and assigned structures 1 and 2. Cepacin A has good activity against staphylococci (MIC 0.2 micrograms/ml) but weak activity against streptococci (MIC 50 micrograms/ml) and the majority of Gram-negative organisms (MIC values 6.3 approximately greater than 50 micrograms/ml). Cepacin B has excellent activity against staphylococci (MIC less than 0.05 micrograms/ml) and some Gram-negative organisms (MIC values 0.1 approximately greater than 50 micrograms/ml). PMID- 6547431 TI - The discovery, fermentation, isolation, and structure of antibiotic A33853 and its tetraacetyl derivative. AB - The structure of antibiotic A33853, isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp., NRRL 12068, is reported. The structure was deduced from an X ray crystallographic study of its tetraacetyl derivative. Tetraacetyl A33853 is unique because it contains an anhydride moiety, an unexpected product from the reaction of A33853 with acetic anhydride and pyridine. PMID- 6547432 TI - N-demethylvancomycin, a novel antibiotic produced by a strain of Nocardia orientalis. Taxonomy and fermentation. AB - A novel vancomycin analog, N-demethylvancomycin, is produced by a soil isolate collected in Yucatan, Mexico. Taxonomic studies indicated this microorganism, designated NRRL 15232, is a strain of Nocardia orientalis. Unlike some glycopeptide antibiotics, virtually none of the N-demethylvancomycin synthesized remained bound to the cells of the producing culture. Antibiotic production was markedly depressed by the addition of orthophosphate to the fermentation medium. Enrichment of the medium with tyrosine, p-hydroxyphenylglycine, p hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid, or leucine, all putative precursors of the aglycone, stimulated the biosynthesis of N-demethylvancomycin. PMID- 6547433 TI - Isolation, drug sensitivity, and some biochemical and genetical properties of macromomycin-resistant mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells. AB - A macromomycin (MCR)-resistant subline of mouse lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells was isolated after successive treatment of tumor-bearing mice with the antibiotic for 7 transplant generations, followed by cloning in culture in MCR-containing soft agar medium. The resistant cell line was about 17 times more resistant to MCR than was the parental cell line and exhibited cross-resistance to neocarzinostatin, mitomycin C and adriamycin in a similar degree to MCR. No significant cross-resistance was observed with aclarubicin, bleomycin and neothramycin. Alkaline phosphodiesterase activity in the plasma membrane of resistant cells was higher than that of parental cells. Uptake and efflux studies with [3H]adriamycin suggested that the resistance is due to decreased uptake and increased efflux of the antibiotic in resistant cells. Hybridization studies with MCR-sensitive and -resistant cells showed that the MCR resistance is a codominant trait in somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 6547434 TI - The isolation and structures of hygrolidin amide and defumarylhygrolidin. PMID- 6547436 TI - Computergraphics: an introduction to the technology. AB - During the past few years computergraphics applications have increased their impact upon the field of biocommunication. An understanding of the potential capabilities and limitations of this technology is needed now to enable the biocommunicator to prepare for what is to come. This paper is a brief introduction to the functions of the basic components found in the type of computergraphics systems generally used in the biocommunication environment. PMID- 6547435 TI - Formate dehydrogenase of Clostridium pasteurianum. AB - Formate dehydrogenase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from N2-fixing cells of Clostridium pasteurianum W5. The purified enzyme has a minimal Mr of 117,000 with two nonidentical subunits with molecular weights of 76,000 and 34,000, respectively. It contains 2 mol of molybdenum, 24 mol of nonheme iron, and 28 mol of acid-labile sulfide per mol of enzyme; no other metal ions were detected. Analysis of its iron-sulfur centers by ligand exchange techniques showed that 20 iron atoms of formate dehydrogenase can be extruded as Fe4S4 centers. Fluorescence analysis of its isolated molybdenum centers suggests it is a molybdopterin. The clostridial formate dehydrogenase has a pH optimum between 8.3 and 8.5 and a temperature optimum of 52 degrees C. The Km for formate is 1.72 mM with a Vmax of 551 mumol of methyl viologen reduced per min per mg of protein. Sodium azide competes competitively with formate (K1 = 3.57 microM), whereas the inactivation by cyanide follows pseudo-first-order kinetics with K = 5 X 10(2) M 1 s-1. PMID- 6547438 TI - The mechanism of action of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, an adenosylcobalamin dependent enzyme. Evidence for a carboxyl group at the active site. AB - Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase is an adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of ethanolamine and other vicinal amino alcohols to oxo-compounds and ammonia. Treatment of this enzyme with the sulfhydryl group blocking reagent methyl methanethiosulfonate produces a species with diminished catalytic activity. When methyl methanethiosulfonate -treated ethanolamine ammonia-lyase was incubated with a carboxyl-blocking reagent consisting of glycine ethyl ester plus a water-soluble carbodiimide, the enzyme lost more than 80% of its residual activity, while at the same time glycine ethyl ester was incorporated into it at a stoichiometry of 6 mol/mol of enzyme. Both the loss of activity and the incorporation of glycine ethyl ester were prevented if ethanolamine was included in the glycine ethyl ester-containing incubation mixture. These results suggest that an active site carboxyl group plays a role in the mechanism of catalysis by ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, and that this carboxyl group is amidated when the enzyme is incubated with glycine ethyl ester plus carbodiimide. PMID- 6547437 TI - 5' sequence of porcine and rat pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA. One porcine and two rat forms. AB - We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the 5' noncoding regions and the regions encoding the first 56 amino acids of rat and porcine pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA. We accomplished this by sequencing cDNA produced by elongating specific DNA primers hybridized to neurointermediate pituitary mRNA. The nucleotide sequence of the 5' region of rat POMC mRNA fills a gap in our knowledge of the structure of this mRNA and the protein it codes for. While we have observed only a single porcine POMC mRNA, two different rat POMC mRNAs are detected. The rat POMC mRNAs differ by a 30-base insertion/deletion in their 5' noncoding regions. Its position and sequence suggest that it is the result of alternate modes of intron removal during RNA splicing. PMID- 6547439 TI - Mechanism-based inactivation of dopamine beta-monooxygenase by beta chlorophenethylamine. AB - Functionalization of the beta-carbon of phenethylamines has been shown to produce a new class of substrate/inhibitor of dopamine beta-monooxygenase. Whereas both beta-hydroxy- and beta- chlorophenethylamine are converted to alpha aminoacetophenone at comparable rates, only the latter conversion is accompanied by concomitant enzyme inactivation ( Klinman , J. P., and Krueger , M. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 67-75). In the present study, the nature of the reactive intermediates leading to dopamine beta-monooxygenase inactivation by beta- chlorophenethylamine has been investigated employing kinetic deuterium isotope effects and oxygen- 18 labeling as tools. Mechanistically significant findings presented herein include: 1) an analysis of primary deuterium isotope effects on turnover, indicating major differences in rate-determining steps for beta-chloro- and beta- hydroxyphenethylamine hydroxylation, Dkcat = 6.1 and 1.0, respectively; 2) evidence that dehydration of the gem-diol derived from oxygen- 18-labeled beta hydroxyphenethylamine hydroxylation occurs in a random manner, attributed to dissociation of enzyme-bound gem-diol prior to alpha-aminoacetophenone formation; 3) the observation of a deuterium isotope effect for beta- chlorophenethylamine inactivation, Dkinact = 3.7, implicating C--H bond cleavage in the inactivation process; and 4) the demonstration that alpha-aminoacetophenone can replace ascorbic acid as exogenous reductant in the hydroxylation of tyramine. As discussed, these findings support the intermediacy of enzyme-bound alpha aminoacetophenone in beta- chlorophenethylamine inactivation, and lead us to propose an intramolecular redox reaction to generate a ketone-derived radical cation as the dopamine beta-monooxygenase-inactivating species. PMID- 6547440 TI - RNA polymerase. Synthesis and kinetic inhibition by 9-(3'-azido-3'-deoxy-beta-D xylofuranosyl) derivatives of 5'-ATP and 5'-GTP. AB - The 9-(3'-azido-3'-deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl) nucleoside 5'-triphosphate derivatives of adenine (3'-azido, x-dATP) and guanine (3'-azido, x-dGTP) were prepared by chemical phosphorylation of the corresponding nucleosides. The compounds were characterized by 31P and 1H NMR, high performance liquid chromatography, IR, and TLC. The compounds were examined kinetically and observed to be linear mixed inhibitors for the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli (EC 2.7.7.6); Ki values for the 3'-azido, x-dATP and 3'-azido, x-dGTP compounds are 33 and 0.95 microM, respectively. Neither compound functions as an alternate substrate or as a chain terminator during the normal kinetic time course. The 3'-azido, x-dGTP does exhibit a slow time-dependent irreversible inhibition and may therefore function as an alternate substrate and chain terminator with prolonged incubation. Both compounds (3'-azido, x-dATP and 3' azido, x-dGTP) are photolabile and will derivatize lysine in a coupled photolytic reaction. PMID- 6547441 TI - Phosphorylation of mammalian myosin light chain kinases by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - The phosphorylation of the calmodulin-dependent enzyme myosin light chain kinase, purified from bovine tracheal smooth muscle and human blood platelets, by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and by cGMP-dependent protein kinase was investigated. When myosin light chain kinase which has calmodulin bound is phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, 1 mol of phosphate is incorporated per mol of tracheal myosin light chain kinase or platelet myosin light chain kinase, with no effect on the catalytic activity. Phosphorylation when calmodulin is not bound results in the incorporation of 2 mol of phosphate and significantly decreases the activity. The decrease in myosin light chain kinase activity is due to a 5 to 7-fold increase in the amount of calmodulin required for half-maximal activation of both tracheal and platelet myosin light chain kinase. In contrast to the results with the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase cannot phosphorylate tracheal myosin light chain kinase in the presence of bound calmodulin. When calmodulin is not bound to tracheal myosin light chain kinase, cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates only one site, and this phosphorylation has no effect on myosin light chain kinase activity. On the other hand, cGMP-dependent protein kinase incorporates phosphate into two sites in platelet myosin light chain kinase when calmodulin is not bound. The sites phosphorylated by the two cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases were compared by two-dimensional peptide mapping following extensive tryptic digestion of the phosphorylated myosin light chain kinases. With respect to the tracheal myosin light chain kinase, the single site phosphorylated by cGMP-dependent protein kinase when calmodulin is not bound appears to be the same site phosphorylated in the tracheal enzyme by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase when calmodulin is bound. With respect to the platelet myosin light chain kinase, the additional site that was phosphorylated by cGMP-dependent protein kinase when calmodulin was not bound was different from that phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6547442 TI - Design and analysis of accelerated degradation tests for the stability of biological standards II. A flexible computer program for data analysis. AB - The accelerated degradation test is commonly used to predict the stability of a biological standard during long-term storage at low temperature. A flexible computer program is described which has been written to analyse degradation test results by the method of maximum likelihood. In addition to predicting the degradation rate at low temperature, the program furnishes estimates of statistical precision and it carried out a test of goodness of fit of the data to the assumed Arrhenius equation model. PMID- 6547443 TI - In the search for new anticancer drugs. VII. Platinum complexes of diaziridines and azetidine. AB - Three new diaziridine platinum(II) complexes (4a)-(4c), and a new azetidine platinum(II) complex (3b) were synthesized and tested against the lymphocytic leukemia P388 in mice. (formula; see text) Moderate to good activity was found for all compounds as evidenced by a T/C value of 162 at a dose of 32 mg/kg for (3b), 190 at a dose of 32 mg/kg for (4a), 139 at a dose of 4 mg/kg for (4b), and 142 at a dose of 20 mg/kg for (4c). PMID- 6547444 TI - Denervation supersensitivity in skeletal muscle: analysis with a cloned cDNA probe. AB - Motor neurons regulate the acetylcholine sensitivity of the muscles they innervate: denervated muscle fiber become "supersensitive" to acetylcholine, due to insertion of newly synthesized acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the plasma membrane. We used hybridization analysis with a cloned cDNA specific for AChR alpha-subunit to compare the abundance of AChR mRNA in innervated and denervated adult mouse muscles. Within 3 d of denervation, levels of AChR mRNA increased 100 fold; levels of actin mRNA changed little. The increase in AChR mRNA level was sufficiently large and rapid to account for denervation supersensitivity. PMID- 6547445 TI - Artificial intelligence in organic synthesis. SST: starting material selection strategies. An application of superstructure search. AB - A program for the interactive selection of potential starting materials given a desired target molecule is described. The program uses hierarchical search to rapidly select candidates from a large starting material library and contains a function to evaluate the appropriateness of the functionality of the starting material. The user can specify restrictions on features such as the number of atoms in the starting material, price limitations, chirality, and whether to use superstructure or substructure searching. Several examples of the results of the program are presented. PMID- 6547446 TI - Gas chromatographic and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of organic acids in plasma of patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Apart from increased concentrations of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and phenolic aromatic acids in plasma from patients with chronic renal failure, there is large elevation of a furanoid acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2- furanpropionic acid, and of hippuric acid. The levels of 3-hydroxy- and 4- hydroxyhippuric acid are also raised. The quantitative results are as follows: furanoid acid in hemodialysis patients, 1.4 +/- 0.6 mg/dl; in healthy individuals, 0.2 +/- 0.1 mg/dl; hippuric acid in hemodialysis patients, 9.8 +/- 6.5 mg/dl; in health individuals, 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg/dl. Both compounds are dialysable, but less effectively than creatinine and urea. The mean elimination rate of the furanoid acid is only 21%. PMID- 6547447 TI - Determination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma using thin-layer chromatography and modified competitive protein binding assay. AB - A simplified assay for calcitriol in plasma samples, using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) followed by competitive protein binding assay ( CPBA ), is described. For quantitative separation of femtomol concentrations of calcitriol from other metabolites of vitamin D, HPTLC can be used instead of column chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC on silica gel. Since the CPBA with duodenal cytosol from chickens as a binding protein and [3H]1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol as radioligand is highly sensitive, detection limit 10 fmol per assay, the volume of plasma sample can be reduced to 1 ml. PMID- 6547448 TI - Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the study of biopterin metabolism in man. Detection of biolumazine and 2'-deoxysepialumazine. AB - The separation characteristics of the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of various naturally occurring and synthetic pteridines on a apolar glass capillary column, together with their mass spectra, permit their identification and quantitation in biological samples. Examples are given of the determination of the ratio of monapterin to neopterin in urine, of monitoring excreted pterin metabolites after a loading test with 6-methyltetrahydropterin in urine and of structure elucidation of lumazines , previously unknown in man. 6- Methylisoxanthopterin was shown to be the main metabolite in urine after administration of 6-methyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterin. Biolumazine and 2'- deoxysepialumazine were found in human faeces after administration of ( 6R ,S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-erythro biopterin. PMID- 6547449 TI - New biochemical separations using precolumn derivatization and microcolumn liquid chromatography. AB - Microcolumn liquid chromatography with slurry-packed capillary columns has been used to resolve mixtures of biologically important steroids and prostaglandins. In order to enhance detection sensitivity, the samples are first derivatized with a suitable chromophore-yielding agent. Hydroxy steroids were derivatized with either benzoyl chloride or 7-(chlorocarbonylmethoxy)-4-methylcoumarin, while Dns hydrazine was employed to react with the ketonic groups of certain steroidal conjugates. Bile acids can also be derivatized with bromomethylcoumarin to yield fluorescent products. The use of microcolumns permits both a high degree of component resolution and enhanced detection sensitivity. PMID- 6547450 TI - Automated anion-exchange chromatographic method for the quantitation of lactulose in physiological fluids and processed milks. PMID- 6547451 TI - Direct analysis of diflunisal ester and ether glucuronides by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6547452 TI - [An ultrastructural study of the lung in hemorrhagic shock. Correlation with ultrastructure and biochemical characterization]. PMID- 6547453 TI - Clinical laboratory differentiation of Legionellaceae family members with pigment production and fluorescence on media supplemented with aromatic substrates. AB - A systematic study of pigment production (browning) and fluorescence (extracellular yellow-green and intracellular blue-white) by nine Legionellaceae species was performed. A total of 56 strains representing Tatlockia micdadei (Pittsburgh pneumonia agent), Legionella pneumophila, Legionella jordanis, Legionella longbeachae, Legionella oakridgensis, Legionella wadsworthii, Fluoribacter bozemanae, Fluoribacter gormanii, and Fluoribacter dumoffii could be separated on media supplemented with tyrosine plus cystine, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, and 3-aminotyrosine. Parallel testing by hippurate hydrolysis and the bromocresol purple spot test enabled the identification of Legionellaceae species 24 to 72 h after primary isolation. This schema may be a practical alternative to species-specific antisera methods (slide agglutination or direct immunofluorescence) in the identification of members of the family Legionellaceae. PMID- 6547454 TI - A possible explanation of the pathogenesis of osteochondritis dissecans. AB - We present a case in which osteochondritis dissecans of the lateral femoral condyle was associated with a torn discoid lateral meniscus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of this association in the radiographic and orthopedic literature. Previous trauma is suggested to play an important role in the development of both lesions. PMID- 6547455 TI - An experimental model of postnatal jaundice in the suckling rat. Suppression of induced hyperbilirubinemia by Sn-protoporphyrin. AB - A model of experimental postnatal hyperbilirubinemia in the rat has been developed utilizing the heme precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to produce jaundice during a selective time period after birth. This time period is defined as that between 7 d postnatally, when the initial postpartum alterations of serum bilirubin and heme metabolism in the neonate have subsided, and 21 d, when the hepatic conjugation mechanism for the bile pigment appears fully developed. Administration of ALA in this time period led to a rapid, consistent, and significant dose-dependent increase in serum bilirubin levels in the newborn animals. Heme administration produced a qualitatively similar but enhanced effect. Both compounds, in addition, induced a dose-dependent increase in hepatic heme oxygenase activity concomitant with the increase in serum bilirubin levels. Neither compound increased serum bilirubin levels significantly when administered at or after 21 d postnatally. Administration of the synthetic metalloporphyrin, Sn-protoporphyrin, to ALA-treated neonates resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in serum bilirubin levels and hepatic heme oxygenase activity. Mn- and Zn protoporphyrin in comparable doses did not significantly inhibit ALA-induced hyperbilirubinemia. Sn-protoporphyrin also inhibited the hyperbilirubinemia produced by heme in the suckling animals. ALA administration to newborn rats during the specific postnatal period described provides a simple and convenient model of experimental jaundice in the developing neonate which permits an examination of the potential ability of synthetic metalloporphyrins or other compounds to suppress induced hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn animal. The ability to induce a consistent and significant degree of jaundice in the postnatal rat by the method described may also be useful for other types of studies concerned with the biological disposition and effects of endogenously formed bilirubin in the neonate. The results of this study confirm in another model system the potent ability of Sn-protoporphyrin to suppress jaundice in the neonate, and suggest that suppression of heme oxidation by synthetic heme analogues may represent a useful therapeutic approach to the problem of severe hyperbilirubinemia in human premature newborn. PMID- 6547456 TI - Influence of protein C activation on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in squirrel monkeys. AB - Protein C is a circulating proenzyme which, upon activation, exerts a potent anticoagulant activity. Infusion of activated bovine protein C into dogs is accompanied by an increase of circulating tissue plasminogen activator (PA) activity. However, the evidence that human protein C shares a similar profibrinolytic capacity is still lacking. Therefore, we investigated the profibrinolytic properties of human protein C in squirrel monkeys (Samiri sciureus). Injection of activated human protein C resulted in prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time but was not associated with increased fibrinolytic activity of blood. Similarly, activation of endogenous protein C (up to 20-30%) by infusion of thrombin-thrombomodulin complex markedly reduced blood coagulability without being accompanied by an increase of circulating PA activity. The in vivo-generated anticoagulant activity was identified as activated protein C by the following observations. It was neutralized by rabbit anti-human protein C-IgG, was slowly inhibited by plasma but not by anti-thrombin III, was adsorbable on barium citrate, and expressed amidolytic activity. Activation of protein C appeared to be selective since other parameters such as thrombin time, platelet count, fibrinogen, and factor V levels were unaffected by thrombin-thrombomodulin infusion. Infusion of human plasma derived from whole blood incubated in vitro with human activated protein C also did not induce a fibrinolytic response, suggesting that no second messengers with PA-releasing activity were being generated in blood. It is concluded that in a primate, neither the administration of activated human protein C nor the activation of endogenous protein C are associated with an increase of fibrinolytic activity. These findings question the role of this enzyme in the regulation of PA release in man. PMID- 6547458 TI - Localization of forebrain neurons which project directly to the medulla and spinal cord of the rat by retrograde tracing with wheat germ agglutinin. AB - Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) in a slow-release polyacrylamide gel pellet was implanted in the medulla or spinal cord of the rat. Large numbers of retrogradely labeled cells were visualized by immunocytochemical procedures in specific nuclei of the forebrain mainly ipsilateral to the implant site following implants as far caudal as the sacral segments of the spinal cord. Total average number of labeled forebrain cells (three brains per category; 100 micron per 150 micron of brain tissue were examined microscopically): medulla, 2,115; cervical, 1,878; lumbar, 1,017; sacral, 385. After WGA-gel implants in the medulla or cervical cord the majority of retrogradely labeled neurons were seen in the lateral hypothalamic area, the zona incerta, and in subdivisions of the paraventricular nucleus. A continuum of labeled cells extended from the caudal part of the paraventricular nucleus into the posterior hypothalamus and into the central gray of the midbrain. Labeled cells were also seen in the medial basal hypothalamus and the rostral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. A few labeled cells were observed in the medial and lateral preoptic areas, the rostral part of the paraventricular nucleus, and in the arcuate nucleus. Following WGA-gel implants in the lumbar or sacral cord many retrogradely labeled cells were observed mainly in the paraventricular nucleus, the lateral hypothalamus, zona incerta, medial basal hypothalamus, and posterior hypothalamic area. The continuum of labeled cells described above was also seen following these implants. Our data indicate that the lateral hypothalamus and zona incerta, as well as specific parts of the paraventricular nucleus, are major loci of neurons which project directly to the medulla and spinal cord of the rat. The consistency with which labeled cells were localized across all brains examined within categories of implant sites and the large numbers of labeled cells counted within these areas appeared to verify the sensitivity of our retrograde tracing method. Therefore, we interpret the paucity or absence of labeled cells in particular brain regions to indicate that cells of these regions do not project to the medulla or spinal cord. PMID- 6547457 TI - Coagulation factor Va binds to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and accelerates protein C activation. AB - In vitro the rate of protein C activation by thrombin is significantly accelerated by two distinct cofactors (a) the endothelial cell surface protein, thrombomodulin, and (b) human coagulation Factor Va. We have recently reported that the activity of Factor Va is contained in the 78,000-D light chain. In this study we have investigated the effects of Factor Va and its light chain on the activation of protein C in the presence of cultured endothelial cells. Thrombin catalyzed protein C activation on human umbilical vein endothelial cells was enhanced by Factor Va. The ability of Factor Va to stimulate protein C activation on these cells was saturated at 50 nM Factor Va and was observed at several protein C concentrations. Isolated Factor Va light chain in concentrations up to 50 nM also accelerated protein C activation on endothelial cells, but higher concentrations inhibited the reaction. The effects of Factor Va or its light chain on protein C activation were also shown on a mouse hemangioma cell line but not on human fibroblasts nor on a human amelanotic melanoma cell line. Protein C activation on endothelial cells was partially inhibited by a goat anti thrombomodulin antibody and further addition of a polyclonal rabbit anti-Factor V(Va) antibody resulted in additional inhibition. Endothelial cells grown in medium supplemented with human serum, devoid of Factor V coagulant activity, contained cell surface Factor V(Va) (approximately 15,000 molecules/cell) as measured by the binding of a monoclonal IgG directed against Factor V(Va). These cells also bound an additional 6,000-10,000 molecules Factor Va per cell as determined by direct binding studies using 125I-Factor Va. We suggest that thrombomodulin and Factor Va act in concert to regulate protein C activation on the surface of endothelial cells. PMID- 6547459 TI - Orotate in milk and urine of dairy cows with a partial deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase. AB - Cows with a partial deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase have elevated orotate in their milk and urine. Variability of orotate was assessed in two such cows monitored biweekly for two complete lactations. Concentrations of milk and urinary orotate showed extensive variation during lactation, but coefficients of variation were similar for deficient and normal cows. Orotate averaged 500 micrograms/ml milk for deficient cows (versus a normal of 80 micrograms/ml), and a threshold of 200 micrograms/ml distinguished normal from deficient cows. Deficient cows had low milk orotate upon initiation of lactation and exhibited a latency of 1 to 7 wk to attain that threshold. The deficiency also resulted in a lactation-induced orotic aciduria. Orotate averaged 32.2 micrograms/ml urine for deficient cows (versus a normal of 7.3 micrograms/ml), and a threshold of 15 micrograms/ml urine differentiated the animals. Latency was 3 to 18 wk for deficient cows to exceed that threshold. Total orotate output and orotate concentration were elevated in milk and urine of lactating cows deficient for uridine monophosphate synthase. The output of orotate was predominantly in milk rather than urine for both deficient and normal cows. Additionally, orotate was elevated in blood of deficient cows when they were lactating. PMID- 6547460 TI - Computer system for analysis of ST segment changes on 24 hour Holter monitor tapes: comparison with other available systems. AB - The accuracy of a computer system that was developed for the analysis of ST segment changes recorded on Holter ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring tapes was compared with conventional visual scrutiny, beat by beat analog printouts and a commercial J point trend system. The program calculates and plots multiple electrocardiographically derived variables in a high temporal resolution trend format. Fifty tapes of good recording quality obtained from 19 patients (13 with chronic stable angina and 6 with variant angina) were assessed visually and with the computer system; of these, 20 were analyzed by all four techniques. In the 50 tapes, 629 episodes of diagnostic ST segment changes (all true positive results) were identified by using the computer system. In contrast, only 507 were identified by visual scrutiny; none of these 507 episodes was missed by computer analysis. On the 20 tapes assessed using computer, visual, beat by beat analog and J point trend system analysis, 268, 221, 230 and 178 episodes, respectively, were documented. For the four techniques, false negative and positive results were 0, 47, 38 and 90 and 0, 10, 6 and 24, respectively. The results indicate that, of the systems assessed in this study, the computer program provides the highest accuracy for detection of transient ST segment changes. This is probably accreditable to the compact presentation of multiple electrocardiographically derived variables, allowing a detailed quantitative assessment of 24 hour tapes. It is of particular value for pathophysiologic and pharmacologic studies. PMID- 6547461 TI - Comparison of results of skin tests, RAST, and double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges in children with atopic dermatitis. AB - Forty children with atopic dermatitis were evaluated for clinical evidence of hypersensitivity to foods by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenges. Twenty-four children (60%) experienced 33 positive challenges, manifested by cutaneous symptoms in 31 (94%), gastrointestinal symptoms in 14 (42%), nasal symptoms in nine (27%), and respiratory in six (18%). Results of prick skin tests (STs) and RASTs to eight food antigens frequently eliciting hypersensitivity reactions were compared with those from food challenges to determine the diagnostic accuracy in children with atopic dermatitis. Defining a positive ST as a wheal 3 mm larger than the negative control wheal and a positive RAST as a Phadebas RAST score of 3 or 4, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive accuracies of these tests were found to be comparable except in the case of wheat antigen where the ST was clearly superior to the RAST. Accepting a RAST score of 2 or more as a positive slightly improved sensitivity in some cases but dramatically decreased specificity. Combining results of STs and RASTs did not improve significantly the diagnostic accuracy over results of the tests used individually. These studies demonstrate no advantage of RAST alone or in combination with prick skin testing over prick skin testing alone in the evaluation of food hypersensitivity in children with atopic dermatitis. Furthermore, skin testing should be considered a good test for excluding immediate food hypersensitivity but only a suggestive positive indicator of hypersensitivity due to the high rate of clinically insignificant positive STs. PMID- 6547462 TI - Milk-sensitive and eosinophilic gastroenteropathy: similar clinical features with contrasting mechanisms and clinical course. AB - We studied 12 children with peripheral eosinophilia, iron deficiency anemia secondary to blood loss in the stools, protein-losing enteropathy, and eosinophilic infiltration of the stomach and small intestine. On the basis of immunologic features and responses to therapy, these patients could be divided into two groups. In the first group the disease was transient, presented in the first year of life, remitted on withdrawal of milk from the diet, and was not associated with IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity (milk-sensitive enteropathy). In contrast, the second group, which we termed eosinophilic gastroenteropathy, represented patients with a chronic disease that had its onset later in childhood, did not respond to dietary manipulations, was associated with atopy and IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity reactions to food, and required corticosteroid therapy to establish remission and control. The mechanism by which food causes gastrointestinal damage appears to be different in these two groups even though the clinical syndromes are similar. PMID- 6547463 TI - The preparation of freeze-thaw density gradients with homogeneous solute concentrations. AB - A simple and effective method is described for preparing freeze-thaw density gradients which is free of the problems of uneven solute distribution. It consists of blending aqueous freeze-thaw gradients with hypertonic diluent. The routine application of this system for separations of murine lymphosarcoma cell populations is described. PMID- 6547464 TI - Pathogenesis in trichorrhexis invaginata (bamboo hair). AB - The mechanism of formation of trichorrhexis invaginata, which is one of the characteristic hair anomalies seen in Netherton's syndrome, was studied using plucked hairs obtained from 3 patients with the typical clinical features. The biopsy specimens used to examine the hair root were obtained from the scalp of one of the patients and the eyebrow area of the other. The scanning electron microscopic observation of plucked hairs showed trichorrhexis invaginata, tortion nodule, pili torti, and trichorrhexis nodosa. The light microscopic sections of nodules of plucked hairs revealed invaginated hair cuticle into the cortex. Transmission electron microscopy revealed cleavages and electron-dense depositions in the cortex of plucked hair nodules; such changes were not seen in newly formed nodules in follicles in biopsy specimens. In the keratogenous zone, a zigzag pattern of cortical fibers and invaginations of hair cuticle cells into the cortex were observed. Histochemical staining for -SH groups and S-S linkages using N-(7-dimethylamino-4-methyl-3-coumarinyl)maleimide (DACM) was performed on frozen sections of plucked hairs from patients and normal controls. Keratinized cortical cells of patients possessed more -SH groups than the controls and a strong fluorescence for -SH was sometimes seen in the cortex of nodules. It is concluded that the invagination of affected hairs is caused by softness of the cortex in the keratogenous zone, which may result from an incomplete conversion from -SH to S-S in proteins in cortical fibers. PMID- 6547465 TI - [A method for determination of prostaglandins in human seminal fluid]. AB - Human seminal fluid has been shown to contain mainly eleven different prostaglandins. Methods for quantitative determination of prostaglandin E and 19 OH prostaglandin E are described. The methods include extraction with acetone and alkali treatment. After alkali treatment prostaglandin E was transformed to prostaglandin B, and 19-OH prostaglandin E to 19-OH prostaglandin B. Prostaglandins were separated by using Lipidex column chromatography and silicic acid column chromatography. Prostaglandin B was quantitated by gas chromatography using C24 fatty acid methyl ester as internal standard. 19-OH prostaglandin B was quantitated by measuring ultraviolet photoabsorbance at 278 nm. PMID- 6547466 TI - [A case report of neoplastic angioendotheliosis which responded to a combination chemotherapy (CHOP)]. PMID- 6547467 TI - Microcomputer assistance for language problems. PMID- 6547468 TI - Using commercial application' software. Integrating clinic office practices. AB - Automation of clinic business office practices has often been accomplished by the use of the procedures obtained from the provider of automated services. With the availability of the microcomputer and the commercially available business application software, the desired automated procedures may be obtained by discretionary use of the products. By describing the integration and the operational use of business application software within a multiphysician specialty clinic, the author highlights both the problems encountered and the benefits achieved. PMID- 6547469 TI - Software economy in a rapidly changing hardware environment. AB - The recent dramatic advances in microcomputer hardware capability have created a problem for software developers and users. In the past, software programs could be transported to newer machines only with great difficulty and at substantial cost in time and money. This paper describes the use of the p-System operating system environment to achieve universal transportability of microcomputer applications. PMID- 6547470 TI - Nucleotide sequences for the duck globin mRNAs. AB - Normal adult ducks possess two main types of hemoglobin: a major species (80%), HbI (alpha I2 beta I2), and a minor species (20%), HbII (alpha II2 beta II2). We have cloned recombinant cDNAs for the duck globin mRNAs using the ribosubstitution floppy loop technique. We present here the sequence for a duck alpha globin mRNA closely related to the chicken alpha D globin mRNA. Our new sequence data also include the 5' noncoding regions of the duck alpha A, alpha D, and beta globin mRNAs. Analysis of the untranslated regions of these mRNAs reveals several conserved sequences which may be important in the regulation of gene expression. PMID- 6547471 TI - S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)glutathione and S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)L-cysteine in lens. AB - S-(1,2-Dicarboxyethyl)glutathione and S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)L-cysteine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after reaction with 2,4 dinitrofluorobenzene. By this method the former could be determined in the range 4.05 mumol/l-815 mumol/l, and the latter in the range 1.45 mumol/l-1.45 mmol/l. The recovery from cattle lens homogenate was 90.0 +/- 3.2% for S-(1,2 dicarboxyethyl)glutathione and 95.3 +/- 3.1% for S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)L cysteine. Using this method S-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-glutathione and S-(1,2 dicarboxyethyl)L-cysteine were determined in lenses of several vertebrates and in rat lens during cataract formation by galactose. PMID- 6547472 TI - Computer use by family physicians in the United States. PMID- 6547473 TI - Computers in British general practice. PMID- 6547474 TI - The effect of inhibitors of DNA repair on the genetic instability of Streptomyces cattleya. AB - Various streptomycetes show well defined instabilities that do not appear to be attributable to plasmid loss. The unstable phenotype, in many cases, arises at frequencies too high to be explained by point mutations. The frequency of instability can be enhanced by UV irradiation. Two major repair systems have been found in Escherichia coli: the 'error-free' system which is inhibited by caffeine and the 'error-prone' system which is inhibited by arsenite. Using spores of Streptomyces cattleya NRRL 8057 and the virulent actinophage VC11 we have shown that a caffeine inhibitable, host mediated UV repair system is active in spores during early development. Some evidence was also found for the presence of an arsenite inhibitable UV repair system. The caffeine inhibitable UV repair system was found to be involved in the induction of genetic instability in S. cattleya. The arsenite system may be implicated in the repair of such events. Genetic instability was also induced by single strand breaks in DNA caused by 32P. PMID- 6547475 TI - Evidence for multiple muscarinic receptor subtypes in human brain. AB - Pirenzepine, a compound with selective antimuscarinic activity, was used to distinguish muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in normal human brain. Hill coefficients and IC50 values derived from the inhibition of specific [3H]L quinuclidinyl benzilate receptor binding suggest the presence of two muscarinic binding sites, differing both in affinity for pirenzepine and in tissue distribution. PMID- 6547476 TI - Purification from brain of synenkephalin, the N-terminal fragment of proenkephalin. AB - The primary sequence of adrenal proenkephalin was recently deduced from the structure of the cloned cDNA that codes for this protein. Several enkephalin containing proteins with molecular weights between 8,000 and 20,000 daltons were purified from the bovine adrenal medulla. These proteins appear to represent intermediates in the processing of proenkephalin into physiologically active opioid peptides. While the concentrations of these large processing intermediates in the adrenal medulla are quite high, similar proteins have not yet been shown to be present in brain, and there is some question as to whether the brain synthesizes an enkephalin precursor similar to adrenal proenkephalin. We report here the purification from bovine caudate nucleus of synenkephalin, the N terminal fragment of adrenal proenkephalin. The amino acid composition of synenkephalin indicates that the protein represents residues 1-70 of adrenal proenkephalin. Thus the brain and adrenal glands appear to utilize a similar precursor for enkephalin biosynthesis. PMID- 6547477 TI - Cavernous sinus syndrome due to lymphoma. AB - In both the cases described, painful ophthalmoplegia was the first indication of infiltration of the cavernous sinus by a lymphosarcoma. The onset of symptoms and the course of the disease were different in the two cases. CT scan which has been the crucial investigation for detecting lymphomas in the cavernous sinus, was normal in the early stages. Symptomatic remission could be obtained with treatment, although the prognosis remained poor. PMID- 6547478 TI - Cauda equina compression--an uncommon presentation of diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 6547479 TI - Second malignant neoplasms complicating Hodgkin's disease: the National Cancer Institute experience. AB - The medical records of all patients treated for Hodgkin's disease during the years 1964-1981 were reviewed. Four hundred seventy-three previously untreated patients were analyzed. Thirty-four subsequent second malignant neoplasms were observed in 33 patients among those treated for Hodgkin's disease. Eight cases of acute nonlymphocyctic leukemia, one case of chronic myeloid leukemia, three cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, three cases of sarcoma, and 19 other tumors were identified. The ten-year estimated risk of leukemia by treatment was the following: radiotherapy only (0), chemotherapy only (0.02), initial combined radiotherapy-chemotherapy (0.06), and salvage combined radiotherapy-chemotherapy (0.09). The ten-year estimated risk of solid tumors was 0.07 overall, with all treatment groups associated with similar risks. Unlike some other reports, a greater risk of leukemia in patients who began treatment for Hodgkin's disease at age 40 or older was not found. However, a positive association was noted between increasing risk of solid tumors and increasing patient age. PMID- 6547482 TI - Chemical modification of triamcinolone acetonide to improve liposomal encapsulation. AB - The 21-palmitate of triamcinolone acetonide was synthesized to aid in the liposomal encapsulation of the drug. Encapsulation efficiency of triamcinolone acetonide-21-palmitate was 85%, compared with 5% for the parent drug. PMID- 6547480 TI - The Nd:YAG laser in neurosurgery. PMID- 6547481 TI - Maternal isovaleric acidemia. PMID- 6547483 TI - Reverse-phase liquid chromatography and pharmacokinetic study of two hydroxylated analogues of quinidine in dogs. AB - Two hydroxylated analogues of quinidine with antiarrhythmic properties, 3S hydroxyquinidine and 3R-hydroxydihydroquinidine were assayed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The analytical technique uses plasma protein precipitation and direct injection on a C18 column, with an isocratic mobile phase and spectrofluorometric detection. 3R-Hydroxyquinidine is employed as the internal standard. Linearity is verified up to 5 mg/L for the two drugs; concentrations between 0.5 and 2.5 mg/L were measured with a CV of 0.5-2.07% for a given day and a sensitivity limit of 50 micrograms/L. Plasma concentration-time profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters in three dogs are presented after intravenous or oral administration. A significant difference is observed in terminal half-life, terminal rate constant, and total clearance of the two polar analogues of quinidine. PMID- 6547484 TI - Pulmonary surfactant: hydrophobic nature of the mucosal surface of the human amnion. AB - The contact angle has been measured for a drop of saline placed upon the rinsed mucosal surface of the amnion in eleven human placental membranes obtained from normal births at full term. The contact angle averaged 70 degrees, indicating a hydrophobic surface comparable with graphite (86 degrees), polyethylene (94 degrees) or oxyntic tissue (85 degrees) which is also exposed to endogenous surface-active phospholipids in vivo. By comparison, four pre-term placentas with an average gestation period of 29.5 weeks gave a mean contact angle of 32 degrees, indicating that hydrophobicity of the placenta increases with maturity (41 weeks) and might well be imparted by adsorbed surfactants present in amniotic fluid and known to render other surfaces hydrophobic. Since the mucosal epithelium of the amnion is exposed to the same surfactants in the same physical state as the fetal alveolar wall, the above results imply that this surface may also be hydrophobic, as indicated in the adult lung by other studies. The concept of surfactant directly adsorbed to the pulmonary tissue surfaces is discussed in connexion with its possible functional advantages in 'de-watering' the lung at birth, maintaining homeostasis by water repellency , releasing airway surfaces and lymph ducts glued by protein and lubricating tissue respiratory movement. PMID- 6547485 TI - Fine structural alterations in Trypanosoma rhodesiense grown in vitro, treated with WR 163577. AB - Fine-structural alterations in Trypanosoma rhodesiense trypomastigotes exposed to WR 163577, a prophylactic agent against animal African trypanosomiasis, were determined from cells grown in vitro. Exposure of trypomastigotes to a low concentration of drug resulted only in condensation of kinetoplast DNA fibrils. Exposure to higher drug concentrations caused clumping of nuclear chromatin and of cytoplasmic contents. Although alteration of kinetoplast DNA is the first detectable drug-induced change, the function of the kinetoplast in mammalian forms of African trypanosomes is unclear, and the secondary changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm may constitute the functionally significant alterations caused by WR 163577. PMID- 6547487 TI - Vinylogous amino acid esters: a new class of inactivators for thiol proteases. PMID- 6547486 TI - Hypouricemic action of diflunisal in gouty patients: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Sixteen hyperuricemic gouty patients were treated with diflunisal, a novel salicylate, 500 mg BID. Serum and urine uric acid along with uric acid clearances were studied before and after a 7-day treatment. A clear hypouricemic action was observed, but 2 different mechanisms of action were seen when overexcretor patients and normoexcretor patients were analyzed separately. In overexcretors an allopurinol-like action was evident, whereas in normoexcretors a uricosuric action occurred. In vitro experiments showed a competitive inhibition of xanthine oxidase exerted by diflunisal at low concentrations. PMID- 6547488 TI - Synthesis and evaluation of 19-aza- and 19-aminoandrostenedione analogues as potential aromatase inhibitors. AB - Derivatives of 19- azaandrostenedione (10 beta-amino-4- estrene -3,17-dione, 2) and 19-amino-4-androstene-3,17-dione (3) were synthesized as potential inhibitors of aromtase (estrogen synthetase). Compound 2 and its derivatives were synthesized from 3,17-dioxo-4-androsten-19-oic acid (5) via a Curtius rearrangement. Derivatives of 3 were synthesized from the intermediate 3,17 bis(ethylenedioxy)-5-androsten-19-al oxime (14), which was reduced to the corresponding amine (16) with Raney nickel. However, attempts to synthesize the parent compound, 3, from 16 by several different methods were unsuccessful. The compounds obtained were tested for inhibitory activity in the tritiated water assay for aromatase, with human placental microsomes as the enzyme source and [1 3H]-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (83% 3H 1 beta) as the substrate. All of the compounds caused less than 20% inhibition of enzyme activity when tested at one and five times the substrate concentration (0.25 microM, 1.25 microM) and were poorer inhibitors than two known inhibitors, 7 alpha-[(p-aminophenyl)thio] androstenedione (7- APTA ) and 4-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-OHA). PMID- 6547489 TI - Lymphosarcoma in a raccoon, Procyon lotor (L.). PMID- 6547491 TI - [Morphological measurement of peripheral NK cells. Basic examination and clinical application of detection of large granular lymphocyte]. PMID- 6547490 TI - Retardation of the development of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats by renal denervation. AB - To determine the importance of the renal nerves in DOCA-salt hypertension, either renal denervation or a sham-operation was carried out on both DOCA-salt-treated and non-DOCA-treated rats. The systolic blood pressure of the non-DOCA rats remained within normotensive levels, in which the difference in blood pressure levels between the renal denervated and the sham-operated groups was not significant. On the other hand, the blood pressure of the rats treated with DOCA, and having intact renal nerves, began to rise by the end of the first week and rose consistently thereafter, whereas, in the renal denervated DOCA-salt rats, the blood pressure started to rise by the second week and then proceeded to increase gradually. The differences between the sham and the denervated rat groups were significant throughout the four weeks. The mean arterial pressure, directly measured from the caudal artery of conscious rats during the fourth week of this study, was 166 +/- 7 mmHg in the sham-operated and 129 +/- 4 mmHg in the renal-denervated rats (the data having an 1% significant difference). To test the effects of renal denervation on the natriuresis, pentobarbital-anesthetized rats were infused intravenously with physiological saline. The renal denervated rats which had received DOCA excreted more sodium than did the sham-operated rats. When the rats were later anesthetized with urethane to allow intracisternal injections of hypertonic saline, the mean blood pressure in renal denervated rat groups was again lower than that of the sham-denervated rat groups. However, subsequent intracisternal injections of 5% saline produced similar pressor responses as well as tachycardia in both DOCA groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547492 TI - Calcium oxalate kidney stones in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Kidney stones were passed by ten out of 186 patients with endstage renal disease who were treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Stones from seven patients were examined by x-ray diffraction. In five of them the stones were composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate. The urine calcium oxalate activity product was determined in 44 CAPD patients, eight of whom were stone formers, and compared to that of 120 normal volunteers. In CAPD patients, mean urine ionic-calcium concentration was lower than in normal subjects whereas mean urine ionic-oxalate concentration was significantly higher than in normal subjects. In normal urine samples, the calcium oxalate activity product showed a significant correlation with both the urine ionic-calcium and the ionic-oxalate concentrations. In contrast, in CAPD patients the calcium oxalate activity product correlated with the ionic-calcium concentration but not with ionic oxalate. Although the urine ionic-calcium concentration is lower in CAPD patients than in normal subjects, it is the relative increase in its concentration which appears to be associated with the increased risk of kidney stone formation in these patients. This relative hypercalciuria seems to follow 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 administration. PMID- 6547493 TI - [A severe complication of peridural trimecaine anesthesia]. PMID- 6547494 TI - [Status of the surface-active properties of surfactant in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6547495 TI - Speech processing for cochlear implant prostheses. AB - The transformation of speech into electrical signals which can stimulate the auditory nerve in order to create hearing sensations that carry speech information depends on many factors. These include the limitations imposed by the current state-of-the-art in otological surgery, microelectronic and micromechanical technology, and knowledge of the functioning of the auditory system under both acoustic and electrical stimulation. Sufficient advances have been made in all these areas to enable several research centers to develop cochlear prostheses which give some hearing to certain totally deaf persons. The work of these centers towards the goal of full unaided speech perception via the prosthesis is examined and evaluated. PMID- 6547496 TI - Microcytotoxicity blocking assay for the detection and isolation of soluble astrocytoma association antigen. AB - A blocking microcytotoxicity assay was used to detect soluble astrocytoma associated antigen. The richest source of soluble antigen was found in spent culture media from an established glioblastoma (GF) tissue culture line. Also assayed were fractions of sonicated membrane antigen from another (GM) glioblastoma and pellets of GF and GM cultured glioblastoma tissue. Blocking by media conditioned by cultured normal human brain, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, meningioma, or 2-year-old astrocytoma cell lines was 41-82% lower. A monomer was isolated that blocked cytotoxicity and migrated in molecular exclusion chromatography with alpha-macroglobulins rather than the beta-2-microglobulins usually associated with histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6547497 TI - Combined liquid-solid chromatography and radioimmunoassay for determination of morphine in human fluids. AB - A liquid-solid chromatography radioimmunoassay (LSC-RIA) method for the quantitation of morphine in plasma is described. The detection limit is 1 ng/ml of morphine per milliliter of plasma. Morphine is initially isolated from its inactive hydrosoluble metabolites by LSC, and is then quantified by RIA. Recovery and reproducibilities inter- and intraassay are satisfactory. The procedure uses commercially available granular matrix (Extrelut) and a RIA 125I morphine kit (Abuscreen) and does not require sophisticated analytical techniques. It can be carried out in any pharmacological laboratory. The procedure has been successfully applied to the investigation of morphine kinetics in nine treated patients, via three different administration routes. PMID- 6547498 TI - Measurement of the quality of hand contractions. PMID- 6547499 TI - [Hashimoto's thyroiditis: clinical, hormonal and serological review of 60 adult patients]. PMID- 6547500 TI - Motilin acts within the CNS to inhibit urinary bladder contractions. AB - Although peripheral actions have been shown for the brain-gut peptide, motilin, its localization in the CNS of mammals suggests some physiological role at this site. In the present experiments intracerebroventricular or intrathecal, but not peripheral, administrations of motilin produced a dose-related and naloxone reversible inhibition of the micturition reflex. Cross-tolerance was demonstrated between motilin and morphine in this respect. These data suggest a physiological role for motilin within CNS to alter urinary bladder motility, possibly through an enkephalinergic or naloxone-sensitive link. PMID- 6547501 TI - Effects of analogs of (pyro)Glu-His-Gly-OH on food consumption and gastric acid secretion in rats. AB - The effects of administration of (pyro)Glu-His-Gly-OH and its analogs on food consumption and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG)-induced gastric acid secretion were examined in rats. (Pyro)Glu-His-Gly-OH and (pyro)Glu-His-EA significantly reduced food consumption, but not gastric acid secretion as compared with controls. The tripeptides: (pyro)Glu-3Me-His-Gly-OH, (pyro)Glu-His-D-Ala-OH, and (pyro)Glu-Phe Gly-OH were found to significantly inhibit 2-DG-induced gastric acid secretion. Our results indicate that some analogs of (pyro)Glu-His-Gly-OH cause a greater inhibition of food consumption or gastric acid secretion in rats than the original tripeptide, in analogy to findings obtained in dogs. PMID- 6547503 TI - Microcomputer data analysis at the clinical mental retardation site. PMID- 6547502 TI - Thermodynamic characterization of the pretransition of unilamellar dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - High-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) made by sonication of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) reveals that the gel-liquid crystalline transition at 37 C is preceded by a pretransition at 28 C that is relatively slow (t1/2 approximately equal to 2-4 min) and has an enthalpy change of ca. 0.2 kcal/mol. On incubation at 4 C, these SUV fuse spontaneously into large unilamellar vesicles (LUV). LUV also exhibit both a pretransition and a main-phase transition. The temperature of the main transition (Tm) and the enthalpy change of both the pretransition and main transition of these fused vesicles are similar to those of large multilamellar vesicles (MLV). The enthalpy change associated with the transition at 28 C decreases in SUV in a manner directly correlated to the decrease in the apparent enthalpy change of the 37 C main transition, indicating that the smaller (low temperature) transition is indeed a pretransition that is an inherent property of SUV. Therefore, unilamellar vesicles of DPPC appear to exhibit a pretransition at a temperature that varies from 28 C for the small vesicles to 35 C for the much larger vesicles. PMID- 6547504 TI - CME in Michigan is growing up. PMID- 6547505 TI - Splenic lymphosarcoma in a horse. AB - A 10-year-old Tennessee Walker gelding, with a history of progressive weight loss, intermittent colic and lethargy, had a slight fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, pallor, ascites and marked ventral edema. Blood analyses revealed anemia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia with a left shift, lymphopenia, monocytosis, hypoproteinemia and a slightly increased SDH level. Abdominocentesis produced red orange fluid with many RBC and an increased fibrinogen content. Rectal palpation revealed a large mass in the left caudal abdominal quadrant. The animal died shortly after resection of the mass. The histopathologic diagnosis was lymphosarcoma, involving the spleen, liver and lung. PMID- 6547506 TI - Ivermectin and an ivermectin-penicillin combination: a comparison of anthelmintic efficacy in horses. AB - Ivermectin given IM at 200 micrograms/kg, alone or in combination with procaine penicillin G at 600 IU/kg, to 20 randomly selected young horses of various breeds reduced fecal strongyle egg counts from 400-4100 epg (avg greater than 1000) pretreatment to zero 7 days posttreatment. There were no systemic or injection site reactions, either immediate or delayed, in any of the horses. PMID- 6547507 TI - Treatment of hypercalciuria. PMID- 6547508 TI - The pituitary and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 6547510 TI - [Continuous epidural infusion of opiates; a new form of analgesia for patients in the terminal stage of disease]. PMID- 6547509 TI - Massive intrathecal overdose: "check the label twice!". PMID- 6547511 TI - The growth and dissemination of continuously irradiated LS/B1 lymphosarcoma cells. AB - Transplantable strain of murine lymphosarcoma growing as a free suspension in the peritoneal cavity of isologous hosts was continuously irradiated by 60Co unit at a low exposure rate of 1.2 Gy/day for 350 weeks. Long-term irradiation did not alter substantially the viability and invasiveness of tumor cells. In the host of irradiated cells the spleen mass was six times higher around the day 8. Histological sections of the spleen revealed areas of edema and hemorrhage and infiltration and proliferation of tumor cells mostly in subcapsular area. Most of the splenomegaly is considered to be due to hyperemia caused by mass of erythrocytes in dilated spleen sinuses. Continuous irradiation is supposed to lead to more pronounced sarcomatous character of LS/B1 tumor. PMID- 6547512 TI - [Mycotic aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery in echinococcal infestation]. AB - Cerebral mycotic aneurysms, which are found primarily on the branches of the middle cerebral artery, may be the cause of either an intracranial haemorrhage or an ischaemic insult. Of the intracerebral haemorrhages reported by Russell, 6% were caused by mycotic aneurysms (Jellinger, 1979). A case of mycotic aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery with an intracerebral haemorrhage in a patient with echinococcal cysts in the lungs, pericardium and left kidney is reported and discussed. Two weeks postoperatively the patient deteriorated neurologically and a computer tomogram of the brain showed multiple intracerebral hemorrhages. Suspected is either rupture of the pericardial echinococcus cysts with subsequent haematogenous spread or the presence of multiple intracranial mycotic aneurysms, manifesting themselves as multiple intracranial haemorrhages. PMID- 6547514 TI - Interaction between chlorpromazine and intrathecally injected non-ionic contrast media in non-anaesthetized rabbits. AB - During a 14-day period, 45 of 78 rabbits were treated intravenously with chlorpromazine (5 mg kg-1 day-1). Metrizamide or iohexol was injected subarachnoidally and the neurotoxic effects of each substance on rabbit behaviour were evaluated for 3 h in both chlorpromazine-treated and non-treated rabbits. Chlorpromazine increased both the excitative and the depressive effects of metrizamide and the depressive effects of iohexol. No signs of excitation were observed in chlorpromazine-treated and non-treated rabbits after subarachnoid injections of iohexol. In spite of a free flow of clear fluid from the needle both before and after the intended subarachnoid injection, radiography disclosed that 26 of 67 suboccipital injections inadvertently resulted in a subdural deposition of the contrast medium. Contrast medium effects following subdural injection significantly differed from those following subarachnoid injection. PMID- 6547513 TI - [Treatment of recurrent gliomas]. AB - In operation for gliomas, it is our principle to remove extensively by sucker dissection technique. But, in many cases, we cannot achieve total removal because of invasion of tumor cells into the deep or vital structure. Postoperatively we apply irradiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in every cases. Even after multimodality treatment, recurrence may be inevitable. In order to check the recurrence as early as possible, we took follow-up CT scan regularly. When the recurrence appeared on CT scan, we actively performed reoperation. In this paper, we present characteristics of follow-up CT scan and result of the reoperation. Since introduction of CT scan in 1977, we have followed 30 supratentorial malignant gliomas and 16 supratentorial low grade gliomas postoperatively. CT scan was taken in every three months to check the course of contrast enhancement. After removal of the tumor, round low density area appeared on CT scan showing residual cavity. By contrast enhancement, various shape of high density area were seen. We divide the postoperative CT scan in 4 types by mode of contrast enhancement. In the type 1, enhanced area was persistent around the low density area. In the type 2, enhanced area was present around the low density area just after operation, but gradually disappeared. In the type 3, no enhanced area was present. In the type 4, dissemination occurring late after operation. Among the malignant gliomas, 12 cases belonged to the type 1, 6 cases to the type 2, 10 cases to the type 3, and 2 cases to the type 4. Among the low grade gliomas, 3 cases belonged to the type 1, 2 cases to the type 2, and 9 cases to the type 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547515 TI - [Needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules]. AB - Routine cytological fine needle aspiration was introduced in cases where scintigraphy and echography revealed cold, solid thyroid nodules. The cytological patterns of goitre, thyroiditis and neoplasias are briefly described. Needle aspiration cytology appears to provide substantial diagnostic accuracy with a low incidence of false positives or negatives. This examination is essentially risk free, and easy to perform, providing fast, accurate diagnosis and making surgery superfluous. PMID- 6547516 TI - Role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the regulation of glycolysis in various types of cultivated brain cell. AB - The stimulation of glycolysis by glucose and anoxia has been investigated in cultivated rat cerebellar neurons, mice neuroblastoma cells and rat brain astrocytes. It is shown that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate exerts no predominant role in: (1) the stimulation of glycolysis by glucose, and (2) the onset of anaerobic glycolysis. PMID- 6547517 TI - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) in PC12 phaeochromocytoma cultures: responses to dexamethasone and nerve growth factor. AB - High concentrations of a novel regulatory peptide, neuropeptide Y, have been identified within the PC12 rat phaeochromocytoma cell line by radioimmunoassay and chromatographic analysis. The cellular concentration of this peptide has been demonstrated to be predominantly influenced by the presence of nerve growth factor. After 14 days in culture in the presence of dexamethasone, NPY concentrations were 0.19 +/- 0.03 pmol/mg protein, whereas following similar exposure to nerve growth factor, concentrations were 3.44 +/- 0.19 pmol/mg protein. Addition of nerve growth factor to the dexamethasone-treated cells resulted in a rise in NPY concentration to 0.90 +/- 0.08 pmol/mg over 7 days, whereas addition of dexamethasone to the cells treated with nerve growth factor resulted in no further rise in NPY concentration. The concentrations of NPY far exceed those previously reported for neurotensin in PC12 cells, under the same culture conditions. These two peptides appear also to be regulated by different mechanisms. PMID- 6547518 TI - Amniotic fluid prostanoids in preeclampsia. AB - Amniotic fluid from 19 patients with preeclampsia was compared with samples from normotensive control subjects with respect to the levels of prostaglandin 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2, and the ratio of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha to thromboxane B2. The study found no significant differences in the levels of these prostanoids or the ratio of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha to thromboxane B2 (study patients, 2.7 +/- 2.1; control patients, 2.8 +/- 1.9) between groups. PMID- 6547519 TI - Saturated phospholipids in amniotic fluid of normal and diabetic pregnancies. AB - To assess fetal lung maturation in normal and diabetic pregnancies, the authors studied two phospholipids that are more specific for pulmonary surfactant than total phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), namely saturated phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. Results indicated that saturated phosphatidylcholine concentrations normally increase from 10 to 20 nmol/mL before 34 weeks to as high as 150 nmol/mL at term. Although the absolute concentration of saturated phosphatidylcholine could not be used to reliably identify pregnancies leading to respiratory distress syndrome, a saturated phosphatidylcholine level greater than 50% of total phosphatidylcholine was associated with satisfactory neonatal pulmonary function, whereas RDS often occurred in premature infants when less than half the phosphatidylcholine was saturated. Carefully regulated diabetic pregnancies at 36 to 42 weeks of gestation were not different from matched control subjects with respect to total phosphatidylcholine, its ratio to sphingomyelin, saturated phosphatidylcholine, or phosphatidylglycerol. Respiratory distress syndrome did not occur in any infant of the 40 diabetic mothers studied, nor were there any congenital anomalies or cases of symptomatic hypoglycemia. PMID- 6547520 TI - Custom TOXFILE can offer low-cost toxicological data base. PMID- 6547521 TI - Relations between the human retinal cone and ganglion cell distribution. AB - The distribution of human cone cells is well known and is frequently cited. The distribution of human ganglion cells is less well known and was published in a booklet which is less frequently cited in the eye literature. Selected published curves provided by these authors and Snellen acuity data were digitally encoded, transformed to linear vertical axes where necessary, scaled and compared. Comparisons were possible along the temporal hemi-meridian and provided correlations (r = 0.99 for ganglion cells versus cone cells; r = 0.99 for ganglion cells versus acuity, and r = 0.98 for cone cells versus acuity). Integration of densities along the horizontal hemi-meridian out to 50 degrees showed that approximately 50% of the cone cells are within 18 degrees of the foveola and that approximately 50% of the ganglion cells are within 13 degrees of the foveola. Appreciation of the strong interrelations between the cone-ganglion cell distributions may provide for a better understanding of the visual of inner retinal disease. Presently it accounts for aspects of the production of pattern elicited retinal signals which are under intense investigation in many centers. PMID- 6547522 TI - Surgical results of stage V retrolental fibroplasia and timing of surgical repair. AB - Analysis of forty Stage V RLF eyes which underwent lensectomy, pars plicata vitrectomy, membrane peeling and scleral buckling surgery with a minimum 6-month follow-up is presented. Anatomic reattachment was achieved in 45% of eyes. Functional success was achieved in 30% of eyes. Prognostic indicators such as the configuration of the tractional detachment, vascularization of the iris and retrolenticular membrane were analyzed. This analysis showed that timing of surgery may alter surgical success. This information, coupled with the variable rates of progression of the RLF process, suggests more frequent examination of the children at risk than is currently suggested is necessary to allow maximum benefit. PMID- 6547523 TI - A stereological analysis of the tegumental mitochondria in Corrigia vitta (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae). AB - The tegumental mitochondria from the anterior, mid-ventral and mid-dorsal regions of the body surface of Corrigia vitta have been analysed using stereological and statistical methods. Mitochondria from the ventral tegument were more numerous and contained a greater density of cristae than either the anterior or dorsal tegumental mitochondria. A close association between the size and numbers of mitochondria in the anterior regions of tegument appears to be important in maintaining a relatively constant mitochondrial volume fraction. Results are discussed with respect to worm surface function in the intact host-parasite system. PMID- 6547524 TI - [Multicenter study of the antibacterial activity of a new cephalosporin: CM 40874]. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CM were evaluated on 2 548 bacterial strains isolated in 8 hospitals. CM demonstrated high activity on Enterobacteriaceae, the MIC being less than or equal to 0.125 micrograms/ml for 71% of the 1 362 strains tested, less than or equal to 1 for 99.6%, and less than or equal to 4 for 99.9%. Mode MIC varies little among the different groups of Enterobacteriaceae (from 0.06 to 0.12 micrograms/ml), with the exception of Serratia sp. (mode MIC : 0.25) and Klebsiella oxytoca (mode MIC : 0.03). Most of Enterobacter, Serratia, and Citrobacter sp. strains not inhibited by cefotaxime are readily inhibited by CM at the same concentrations than susceptible strains. CM has less activity on P. aeruginosa (MIC 2-32 micrograms/ml) and Acinetobacter sp. (MIC 8-128). Staphylococci (MIC 32) and Enterococci are not susceptible. Variable activity is found against other Streptococci. CM inhibits Haemophilus sp. at MICs of 0.12 to 0.5 micrograms/ml and Gonococci at MICs of 0.03 to 0.5 (whether the strains produce beta-lactamase or not). Meningococci have a mode MIC of 0.03 micrograms/ml (range 0.008 to 0.25). Thus, CM 40874 is a new third generation cephalosporin with high activity on Enterobacteriaceae, including those strains not susceptible to cefotaxime and good activity on Haemophilus sp. and Neisseria sp. This additional activity is probably supported by enhanced resistance to enzymatic inactivation by beta-lactamases. PMID- 6547525 TI - The identification and the excretion pattern of isovaleryl glucuronide in the urine of patients with isovaleric acidemia. AB - We identified isovaleryl glucuronide in the urine of patients with isovaleric acidemia by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by identifying the products of enzymatic hydrolysis. Conjugation of isovaleryl-CoA with glycine, by the action of glycine-N-acylase, is the main detoxification mechanism in isovaleric acidemia. The identification of isovaleryl glucuronide demonstrates a hitherto unknown, additional detoxification mechanism in patients with isovaleric acidemia. Quantitative analysis of 72 urine specimens from four patients with isovaleric acidemia shows that isovaleryl glucuronide is more likely to be excreted when the amount of urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid excretion is high. This suggests that detoxification via glucuronide conjugation plays an important role when the glycine conjugation system is saturated. PMID- 6547526 TI - An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6547527 TI - New international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6547528 TI - [Study of the microviscosity of phospholopids in tracheal aspirates by fluorescence polarization. Its application to neonatal respiratory distress]. AB - Microviscosity values obtained by fluorescence polarization in tracheal aspirates from 138 newborns are presented in this paper. Sixteen newborns intubated of other medical or chirurgical reasons than pulmonary affections were the control group. In the same period 122 newborns with respiratory distress were under investigation, the microviscosity values (in poises) in the control group were always less than 3 poises. This value is currently the higher found for phospholipids contained in bronchoalveolar lavages from normal adults. In the pathological group of neonates, the microviscosity values are always very high. When a favorable evolution was recorded (n = 80) the microviscosity values (pi) were less than 3.4 poises at the extubation time. In the unfavorable evolution group (n = 42) the values were always greater than 5 poises. The results the limits and validity of the method are discussed. The method appears simple and sensitive and is proposed as a tool to evaluate the functional proportion of the lung surfactant phospholipids. PMID- 6547529 TI - Polymer support oligonucleotide synthesis XVIII: use of beta-cyanoethyl-N,N dialkylamino-/N-morpholino phosphoramidite of deoxynucleosides for the synthesis of DNA fragments simplifying deprotection and isolation of the final product. AB - Various 5'O-N-protected deoxynucleoside-3'-O-beta-cyanoethyl-N,N-dialkylamino-/N- morpholinophosphoramidites were prepared from beta-cyanoethyl monochlorophosphoramidites of N,N-dimethylamine, N,N-diisopropylamine and N morpholine. These active deoxynucleoside phosphates have successfully been used for oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis on controlled pore glass as polymer support and are very suitable for automated DNA-synthesis due to their stability in solution. The intermediate dichloro-beta- cyanoethoxyphosphine can easily be prepared free from any PC1(3) contamination. The active monomers obtained from beta-cyanoethyl monochloro N,N- diisopropylaminophosphoramidites are favoured. Cleavage of the oligonucleotide chain from the polymer support, N-deacylation and deprotection of beta-cyanoethyl group from the phosphate triester moiety can be performed in one step with concentrated aqueous ammonia. Mixed oligodeoxynucleotides are characterized by the sequencing method of Maxam and Gilbert. PMID- 6547530 TI - 31P-NMR analysis of the B to Z transition in double-stranded (dC-dG)3 and (dC dG)4 in high salt solution. AB - In 4M NaCl solutions (dC-dG)n (n = 3,4; approximately 9 mM) exist as a mixture o +/- B and Z forms. The low and high field components of two 31P NMR resonances originating from internal phosphodiester groups are assigned to the GpC and CpG linkages, respectively. Low temperatures stabilize the Z-forms, which completely disappear above 50 degrees C (n = 3) and 65 degrees C (n = 4). delta H = -44 and 17 kJ/mol for B to Z transition in the hexamer and octamer duplexes, respectively. Temperature dependent changes (0-50 degrees C range) in the spin lattice relaxation times at 145.7 MHz are distinctly different for the 31P nuclei o +/- GpC and CpG groups. The relaxation data can be explained by assuming that the GpC phosphodiester groups undergo more local internal motion than do the CpG groups. PMID- 6547531 TI - Statistical evaluation of the coding capacity of complementary DNA strands. AB - Two independent methods are used to evaluate the protein-coding information content in different classes of DNA sequences. The first method allows to evaluate the statistical relevance of finding unidentified reading frames, longer than 100 codons, on both DNA strands of: a) 117 DNA sequences that code for 142 nuclear proteins; b) 39 stable RNA coding sequences and c) 36 other DNA sequences which include regulatory and as yet unknown function sequences. The finding of 50 reading frames longer than 100 codons (complementary inverted proteins or c.i.p. genes) located on the DNA strand complementary to the protein-coding one is drastically in excess of the number predicted by chance alone. An independent method (testcode) applied to c.i.p. gene sequences, which assigns the probability of coding to a given sequence, predicts that more than 50% of these genes are translated in a functional product. These analyses indicate the existence of a new class of protein-coding genes, located on the DNA sequences complementary to the protein-coding DNA strand. PMID- 6547532 TI - Ascertainment and goodness of fit of variance component models for pedigree data. AB - The multivariate normal parameterization of the polygenic model (Lange et al., 1976) provides a great deal of flexibility for analyzing quantitative data on pedigrees. The likelihood approach employed ensures statistical efficiency and allows for hypothesis testing using the likelihood ratio criterion. The parameterization also facilitates ascertainment correction and goodness-of-fit testing (Spence et al., 1977; Ott, 1979; Hopper and Mathews, 1982; Boehnke, 1983). We reviewed these results and then described a simulation study undertaken to determine their utility when applied to data. Pedigree data were generated under polygenic and mixed models and sampled either randomly or via probands. We found that the variance components of the model were accurately estimated for random sampling, but less so for ascertained data analyzed by conditioning on probands. Goodness-of-fit tests employing test statistics corresponding to individual phenotypes and entire pedigrees were conservative, but pedigree tests did demonstrate reasonable power to reject a variety of mixed model alternatives. In addition, we found that the pedigree test statistics could be used to enrich a sample of pedigrees for those pedigrees segregating at a major locus, providing an objective criterion for choosing pedigrees to be included in a linkage analysis. PMID- 6547533 TI - Biopharmaceutical investigations of rectal suppositories. Part 1: Pharmaceutical and biological availability of theophylline. AB - The influence of suppository base and some tensides on the release and resorption of theophylline from model rectal suppositories was investigated in a preliminary way. It was established that the original Bulgarian suppository base Novosup ensures higher pharmaceutical and biological availability of theophylline in comparison with other investigated lipophilic bases. The preliminary inclusion of Tween 80 in Witepsol H 15 increased the pharmaceutical and biological availability of the drug. A linear relationship between the pharmaceutical and biological availability was observed after administration of model suppositories in rabbits. PMID- 6547534 TI - Computer communication. PMID- 6547535 TI - The syndrome concept: history and statistical operationalizations. AB - A historical analysis of the syndrome concept shows that this term has been used in many different ways, ranging from clinical experience to records of coinciding symptoms. However, there seems to be broad agreement on the use of the word 'syndrome' in daily practice. If empirical-mathematical methods are applied in syndrome detection, however, a precise operationalization of the syndrome concept is needed. Traditional procedures have often used models more dictated by methodological considerations than derived from the field of application, i.e. psychiatric syndromatology. An alternative approach, Boolean factor analysis, is presented in this paper. This relatively new method is illustrated by means of the analysis of a small artificial sample with a known structure. As a point of reference, traditional methods (factor analysis, cluster analysis, and multidimensional scaling) are also briefly discussed. It is demonstrated that they all share a deficiency of information about inter-group structure. In contrast, Boolean factor analysis uses a syndromic definition which builds on the basic notion of concurrent symptoms. Moreover, this approach can easily be understood by clinicians. PMID- 6547536 TI - Estimating levels of disturbed behaviour among psychiatric in-patients using a general linear model. AB - Disturbed behaviour was studied in relation to two contrasting ward environments, one representing the 'medical model' of psychiatry and the other being a modified form of 'therapeutic community'. A mathematical model was used in order to identify the characteristics of disturbed patients. The results suggested that behavioural disturbance of a patient in our sample was related to diagnosis, to the ward of admission and to the length of stay in hospital. Patients in all diagnostic categories tended to be more disturbed in the 'therapeutic community' than in the 'medical model' ward. PMID- 6547537 TI - Removal of Pu and am from beagles and mice by 3,4,3-LICAM(C) or 3,4,3-LICAM(S). AB - Decorporation of Pu and Am by tetrameric catechoylamide (CAM) ligands has been investigated in beagles and mice. Eight dogs were injected intravenously (iv) with 237 + 239Pu(IV) + 241Am(III) citrate, and 30 min later, pairs of dogs were injected iv with 30 mumole/kg of 3,4,3-LICAM(C) [N1,N5,N10,N14-tetrakis(2,3 dihydroxy-5-sulfobenzoyl)tetr aazatetradecane, tetrasodium salt], 3,4,3-LICAM(S) [N1,N5,N10,N14-tetrakis(2,3-dihydroxy-4-carboxybenzoyl)te traazatetradecane, tetrasodium salt], CaNa3-DTPA, or each of the latter two ligands. Blood was sampled, and excreta were collected for 7 days, at which time the dogs were sacrificed and nuclide retention in liver and nonliver tissue was measured. Groups of five mice were each given 238Pu(IV) or 241Am(III) citrate iv; 3 min later 30 mumole/kg of a CAM ligand was injected intraperitoneally, mice were killed at 24 hr, and separated excreta and tissues were analyzed. In the dogs, average retention at 7 days of the injected Pu and Am, respectively, was as follows: 12 and 70% after treatment with a CAM ligand alone; 30 and 20% after DTPA; 12 and 20% after LICAM(S) plus DTPA; 90 and 89% without a ligand. In the mice, mean retention of the injected Pu and Am, respectively, was as follows: 14 and 66% after treatment with LICAM(C); 21 and 54% after LICAM(S); 91 and 87% without a ligand. In both species, about 99% of net Pu excretion (excretion with ligand - excretion without ligand) promoted in 24 hr by DTPA or LICAM(S) was in the urine, whereas about 10% of net Pu excretion promoted by the less hydrophilic LICAM(C) was in feces. Delayed excretion of both Am and Pu was significant in all ligand-treated dogs. Comparison of the nuclide content of tissues of ligand treated mice with those of mice killed 3 min after nuclide injection indicated that the CAM ligands chelated circulating Pu and Am and prevented further deposition. In addition, the CAM ligands removed much of the presumably loosely bound Pu present in liver and skeleton at the time of ligand injection. LICAM(C) was more effective in removing Pu from liver and LICAM(S) was more effective in the skeleton. Moderate to severe uremia and histological evidence of cell killing in the distal tubules of the kidney were observed in the four dogs injected once with 30 mumole/kg of LICAM(S).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6547538 TI - Specific sequestering agents for the actinides: 10. Enhancement of 238Pu elimination from mice by poly(catechoylamide) ligands. AB - Macromolecules containing four sulfonated catecholy (2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl) groups are effective for decorporation of newly acquired Pu(IV). However, multiple injections in mice and single injections in dogs of 30 mumole/kg of 3,4,3 LICAM(S), the most effective sulfonated poly(catechoylamide) ligand, indicated that it would be toxic, so the ligand structure was modified. Each ligand was injected into mice (30 mumole/kg, intraperitoneally) 1 hr after an intravenous injection of 238Pu(IV) citrate, and mice were killed 24 hr after the Pu injection. Excreta and tissues were analyzed for Pu. (a) The number of catechoyl groups per molecule was reduced to suppress affinity for Fe(III). Net excretion (treated - control) of 55% of the injected Pu was promoted by tetrameric 3,4,3 LICAM(S), 51% by trimeric 3,4-LICAM(S), 22% by dimeric 2-LICAM(S), and 7.4% by the monomer, Tiron. (b) A mesitylene platform was substituted for the linear backbone. Net Pu excretion promoted by MECAM(S), a structurally less flexible trimer, was only 26%, and excretion was delayed. (c) A carboxyl substituent on the catechoyl groups reduced the acidity and hydrophilicity of the ligands. Tetrameric 3,4,3-LICAM(C) promoted 63% net Pu excretion, and one-third of that was fecal. The Pu contents of liver and skeleton were 33 and 44% of their respective 1-hr control values--compared to 51 and 44%, respectively, for CaNa3 DTPA. Mice given 30 mumole/kg of 3,4,3-LICAM(C) 20 times in 4 weeks showed no ill effects. (d) Large N-terminal alkane substituents added to 3,4,3-LICAM(C) increased ligand lipophilicity, hindered Pu chelation, and delayed excretion. PMID- 6547539 TI - [Acute complicated pancreatitis]. PMID- 6547541 TI - Cancer incidence among employees in one mineral wool production plant in Denmark. AB - The initiating hypothesis of the present study was that exposure to respirable fibers from mineral wool in concentrations seen at the place of production is carcinogenic to the respiratory system. In a test of this hypothesis 5,369 employees in the mineral wool production plant in question were followed from first employment at the plant until day of death or until the end of 1977. The factory started producing mineral wool in 1937 and the Danish Cancer Registry started working on a nationwide scale in 1943; therefore there was a maximum 40 years' duration of employment and 35 years' follow-up in the Cancer Registry. The observed numbers of cancer cases were compared with the expected numbers calculated on the basis of the age-, sex-, and time-specific incidence rates for cancer among the Danish population. Within the study period the Registry received notification of 136 cohort members with one cancer and 4 with two primary cancers, ie, a total of 144 cancer cases was observed against the 133.8 expected. Among workers with 20 or more years from first employment in the plant a significant excess of cancer of the lungs, bladder, and skin was found (observed versus expected cases: 9 vs 4.3, 4 vs 1.6 and 5 vs 2.4, respectively). This study thus supports the working hypothesis of an association between lung cancer and mineral wool production when the latency period for this type of cancer is taken into consideration. PMID- 6547540 TI - [3H]proline incorporation in vivo in capsular tissues and menisci during the development of osteoarthritis. An experimental study with rabbits. AB - In an effort to clarify factors related to the pathogenesis of experimental osteoarthritis, biochemical alterations were studied in articular soft tissues of adult rabbits through the immobilization of the knee of the hind leg in extension for 3, 7, 11, 18, 35 or 56 days. The medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus of the knee, as well as the joint capsule of the hip, were analysed. Total protein synthesis (measured by [3H]proline incorporation) increased in the immobilized legs in all of the tissues examined. The collagen synthesis rate (estimated by specific radioactivity of hydroxyproline) in the medial collateral ligament was enhanced, whereas the collagen content (measured as hydroxyproline concentration) of the tissue declined temporarily. This observation suggests that the collagen degradation rate transiently exceeds that of collagen synthesis. The results indicate that distinct biochemical alterations occur in the periarticular tissues during the early phases of immobilization-induced osteoarthritis. It is of interest that biochemical changes similar to those of the immobilized leg were seen, to a lesser extent, in the structures of the contralateral nonimmobilized leg. PMID- 6547542 TI - [Ulcer therapy without acid inhibition]. AB - The mechanism of action of ulcer drugs without acid inhibition appears to involve improvement of defensive factors of the gastroduodenal mucosa. The concept of ulcer healing without acid inhibition is attractive for theoretical reasons, because doubts have arisen about the safety of elevation of intragastric pH, especially in long-term treatment of peptic ulcer disease. Ulcer drugs that do not affect gastric acidity may therefore be preferred, provided they compare favorably to the best acid inhibitors available in terms of efficacy, adverse effects and other requirements. Among these drugs, sucralfate fulfills these criteria to a large extent. PMID- 6547544 TI - [High enterostomy in the complex treatment of acute intestinal obstruction and peritonitis]. PMID- 6547543 TI - [Treatment of stomach ulcers with cimetidine and pirenzepine]. AB - 37 patients with endoscopically confirmed gastric ulcers received either cimetidine (19 patients) or pirenzepine (18 patients) in a double-blind trial. At 4 weeks, 53% of the patients treated with cimetidine and 44% of those treated with pirenzepine had endoscopically healed ulcers. At 8 weeks, complete healing had occurred in 83% of the patients taking cimetidine and 71% of those taking pirenzepine. These differences are not statistically significant. PMID- 6547545 TI - Minimal effect of estrogens on endothelial cell growth and production of prostacyclin. AB - The effects of natural and synthetic sex hormones (10(-8)M) have been studied on human umbilical endothelial cell proliferation and prostacyclin production. 17 B estradiol and progesterone had no effect on cell multiplication. Ethinyl estradiol increased proliferation when the initial plating density was 40,000 cells/cm2. However, the production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha induced by the Ca++ ionophore A 23187 was not different between control, 17 B estradiol-or ethinyl estradiol-treated cultures. These results demonstrate an in vitro effect of synthetic estrogen, ethinyl estradiol on endothelial cell proliferation. At the present time it is however difficult to correlate these results with the clinical observation of an increase in thromboembolic complications in women under oral contraceptives. PMID- 6547546 TI - Human pulmonary vessels obtained from necropsy produce less prostacyclin and thromboxane than fresh vessels obtained from operations. PMID- 6547548 TI - Update on retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6547547 TI - Protection by glycerol of urinary L-alanine aminopeptidase activity from freezing and thawing inactivation. AB - L-Alanine aminopeptidase (AAP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities in urine are sensitive indicators of renal damage. However, urinary AAP loses its activity during storage in the frozen state. This study proposes a method for preventing the inactivation of AAP by adding glycerol to a final concentration of 10% to a urine sample before freezing and thawing. This study also showed that NAG is stable to freezing and thawing and is not affected by addition of glycerol. PMID- 6547549 TI - VAMPP: a veterinary automated management and production control programme for dairy farms (the application of MUMPS for data processing). AB - The application of MUMPS in a computerised recording system for herd health and production control on dairy farms is reviewed. MUMPS is an interactive multi-user database management system, which is both an operating system and a high level computer language. In this system, coding of veterinary and management events prior to data entry is not needed. Programmes and data structure can easily be adapted and extended due to the features of MUMPS. The system for dairy farms allows epidemiological analyses, due to the flexibility of the programme. The programme is used by farmers and veterinary surgeons by means of terminals linked to a central computer. The system provides action lists for farmers and veterinary surgeons; the information on these lists is presented in a multidisciplinary way. Several herd reports and analyses, including frequency distributions and graphs, are given. These reports enable the investigation of cross-relations between farm aspects, and aid in the detection of problem areas. PMID- 6547550 TI - [Lymphoma of the spleen with secondary involvement of the stomach]. PMID- 6547551 TI - [Optimal composition of a phospholipid mixture exhibiting antihemolytic activity]. AB - Antihemolytic activity of natural and synthetic lipids was studied. The maximal antihemolytic properties were exhibited by a mixture of bovine brain lipids, containing about 40-50% of phosphatidyl ethanolamine. PMID- 6547552 TI - [Extraction of cholesterol from erythrocyte ghosts by phospholipids]. AB - Removal of cholesterol from erythrocyte ghosts by liposomes and micellas of different phospholipids was investigated. It was shown that the positively charged micelles of polyunsaturated phospholipids are the most efficient for cholesterol removal from biological membranes. PMID- 6547553 TI - [Induction polychemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in children]. AB - The effectiveness of a new procedure of inductive polychemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and prednisolone) was studied in 60 non-pretreated cases of pediatric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The treatment was given in 7-day courses. Remission was registered in 46 out of 60 patients (76.6%). Complete regression of symptoms was observed in 58.3%. A three-year survival rate in the entire study group was 28%; the highest rate (39%) was recorded in abdominal involvement group. Due to slight toxicity the scheme should be recommended for a large-scale integration with practice. PMID- 6547554 TI - [Use of adriamycin in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer]. AB - Adriamycin (alone and as a component of FAC scheme) should be administered to patients with disseminated breast cancer resistant to cytostatic drugs. This treatment is followed by remission and arrests the process for an average of 9 months (in some cases up to 30 months). Mean doses of 30-40 mg should be given to outpatients on days 1 and 8 of each course, with intervals between courses being 21-28 days. No apparent side-effects are observed. The total dose should be as high as 450-550 mg. Adjuvant antiestrogen treatment (tamoxifen) should be given to pre- and menopausal patients. PMID- 6547555 TI - [Zoonoses of chlamydial and rickettsial origin]. PMID- 6547556 TI - [Use of computers in forensic toxicology analysis]. AB - For more than 10 years the analytical data gathered on nearly 600 drugs and other potentially poisonous substances that came up in our own investigations, as well as the pertinent bibliography, were stored in card indexes and lists. For immediate and fast recall via terminal we now store this cumulative data collection on magnetic tapes or disks in our clinic host computer. Extensive software was developed in FORTRAN compiler language to achieve rapid coordination of the data measured to that stored and consequently permit positive identification of unknown substances. The data obtained by different analytical methods such as TLC, GC, ultraviolet and infrared spectra, or HPLC can be evaluated by selective or sequential procedures using variable tolerances. That is also possible to enlarge and complete these data files in an easy manner using the same software. PMID- 6547557 TI - [Venereal perihepatitis. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6547558 TI - Articular cartilage after meniscectomy. Rabbit knees studied with the scanning electron microscope. AB - Ten rabbits had a medial meniscectomy in both knees. The articular surface was studied with a scanning electron microscope 2, 4 or 12 weeks after the operation. Three sham operated and two unoperated rabbits served as controls. Progressive articular cartilage damage was observed on the weight-bearing areas of the medial condyles. The findings are compatible with clinical observations after meniscectomy; they confirm that meniscectomy is not a harmless operation. PMID- 6547559 TI - Renal osteodystrophy in children treated with 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3]. Histologic bone studies. AB - Eleven uremic children with osteodystrophy aged 3 to 17 years were studied during administration of 1,25-(OH)2D3 for periods up to 21 months. Nine children presented with pure hyperparathyroidism, one with osteomalacia and one with mixed bone disease. Bone biopsies were performed before initiation of therapy and after 6 to 21 months of treatment following double tetracycline labeling. Skeletal lesions were improved but not cured in 5 of 9 children with hyperparathyroidism. In three instances lesions remained unchanged and worsened in one. No significant change was observed in the child with osteomalacia. Moderate improvement was noted in the patient with mixed bone disease. The propensity to develop hypercalcemia was the major factor associated with treatment failure since it precluded administration of adequate amounts of medication. Therapy with 1,25 (OH)2D3 was associated with a spectacular improvement in growth velocity in two of six children under age twelve. PMID- 6547560 TI - Method and programme for automated analysis of the dynamics of renal excretory function. AB - The present study is an effort to investigate the dynamics of renal excretory function on the basis of an experimental estimation of the total excretion for given intervals of time. The usage of an improved and universalized variant of the mathematical model of Leary W.P. et al. for description of the cumulative curve of the excretory process makes possible the study of the excretory process after treatment with diuretics different in the strength and duration of their effect. It also allows to compare the results obtained after the administration of diuretics under different conditions. A computer programme has been elaborated with the purpose of implementing the suggested model into practice and of determining the numerical characteristics used to describe the dynamics of the excretory process. PMID- 6547561 TI - Evaluation and comparison of the renal excretory function after different diuretics through criteria based on a mathematical model of the excretory function. AB - The subject of the present study is to compare various diuretic effects through a number of criteria included in a programme developed by us on the basis of an improved model of the method of W.P. Leary and A.J. Reyes for description of the dynamics of the renal excretory function. The effects compared were: of diuretics different in potency and duration of action; of different doses of one and the same diuretic; of different diuretics and placebo--0.9% solution of sodium chloride. The rate of excretion prior to the diuretic administration is graphically represented which enables the estimation of presence or absence of diuretic effect of the pharmacological substance applied. This also makes possible the evaluation of the specific effect of the diuretics with regard to different electrolytes which improves the approach when the diuretics are to be combined and helps their optimum dosage and distribution within time. PMID- 6547562 TI - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) depresses the secretion of 3H-noradrenaline and the contractile response evoked by field stimulation, in rat vas deferens. PMID- 6547563 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on biochemical indices of bone turnover in postmenopausal women. AB - Bone metabolism was estimated by serum alkaline phosphatase (index of bone formation) and fasting urinary excretions of calcium and hydroxyproline (indices of bone resorption) in a group of early postmenopausal women and a group of 70 year-old women, during 12 months' treatment with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), and compared to oestrogen/gestagen treatment or placebo treatment. The groups treated with 1,25(OH)2D3 did not show any change in bone metabolism, neither in bone resorption nor in bone formation, during the treatment period when compared to the placebo group, whereas treatment with female hormones decreased both bone resorption and bone formation. PMID- 6547564 TI - [Biosynthesis of protein and its component amino acids in strains of Trichosporon cutaneum cultivated on a nutrient medium from whey]. PMID- 6547565 TI - Cytoskeletal matrix in striated muscle: the role of titin, nebulin and intermediate filaments. AB - In this chapter, first I will briefly describe the molecular properties of titin and nebulin --two extremely large, myofibrillar proteins--and discuss their distribution and organization in the sarcomere. Although these novel proteins are major myofibrillar components of a wide range of striated muscles, they have escaped the attention of muscle biochemists until very recently. As I shall point out below, biochemical studies of these proteins have been unexpectedly challenging; many standard techniques had to be modified before they became capable of handling such giant proteins. In addition, our structural studies of these proteins have encountered a challange of a different nature: how to explain their distribution in the sarcomere according to the currently accepted two filament sarcomere model, because these proteins do not appear to be thick or thin filament-associated regulatory or anchoring proteins. These studies have led us to reexamine the question of whether continuous, longitudinal filaments exist within the sarcomere of striated muscle. I will attempt to integrate our results, as well as available literature data, within the framework of a hypothetical sarcomere model which incorporates an elastic filamentous matrix consisting of titin and nebulin as additional sarcomere constituents. Finally, I will very briefly mention our recent findings that an extensive three dimensional network of intermediate (10 nm) filaments, distinct from titin and nebulin , is intimately associated with the sarcomere of adult striated muscle. I believe that the recognition of the existence of two sets of sarcomere-associated cytoskeletal filaments within adult striated muscle fibers may be a significant step toward resolving some of the unsettled questions in muscle mechanics such as those that have been discussed in this meeting. PMID- 6547567 TI - Specificity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6547566 TI - High-dose amsacrine (AMSA) therapy of relapsed and refractory adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. A phase II study. AB - Amsacrine (AMSA) has been shown to be an effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group studied the efficacy and toxicity of high-dose amsacrine (200 mg/m2/day for 5 days) in 38 adult patients with refractory and relapsed ANLL. The complete remission rate was low (8%). This dose level of amsacrine caused severe mucositis in 24% of patients and marked liver function abnormalities in 11%. Seizures did not occur, and two reversible cardiac events were not clearly attributable to amsacrine administration. Escalation of amsacrine beyond currently recommended total doses of 600-750 mg/m2 is unlikely to be of benefit. PMID- 6547568 TI - Analysis of interobserver variation on a programmable calculator. AB - A program for the analysis of interobserver variation using kappa statistics is described for the HP- 41C hand-held calculator. For an unlimited number of cases classified by as many as nine observers into a maximum of 10 categories of a normal scale, the program provides crude and adjusted measures of overall agreement, level of agreement on each category, and the extent of associations between categories. Use of the program is illustrated by an example. PMID- 6547569 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia in full-term infants without exposure to supplemental oxygen. PMID- 6547570 TI - Mapping episodic fluctuations in plasma LH in orchidectomized rats. AB - Reports of the frequency of pulsatile LH release in orchidectomized rats are surprisingly variable. Estimates of the period between LH pulses vary from 18.5 to 250 min in nine reports from six laboratories, published in 1981-1983. In these studies, blood samples were drawn at intervals ranging from 2.5 to 60 min. We examined the relationship between estimated LH pulse frequency and blood sampling interval. Six castrated male rats were cannulated, and blood samples were drawn at 2.5-min intervals through 4 h. Plasma LH levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. Using the data obtained at 2.5-min intervals, we simulated blood-sampling intervals of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15 min by sequentially deleting data points. The original and simulated data sets were analyzed by both the PULSAR and Cycle Detector computer programs. The results show that as the sampling interval increased from 2.5 to 15 min, the apparent period of pulsatile LH release rose steadily from about 20 min to about 100 min. We found a high, positive correlation between blood-sampling interval and the apparent period of LH pulses. Estimates of LH pulse frequency in castrated male rats vary directly with the frequency at which blood samples are taken. Sampling intervals greater than 5 min in orchidectomized rats yield an LH pulse period that is most likely exaggerated. PMID- 6547571 TI - Role of conjugation and red blood cells for inactivation of circulating catecholamines. AB - We investigated the extent of catecholamine (CA) conjugation in plasma and accumulation inside red blood cells (RBCs) after forced immobilization of the rat. A control blood sample was obtained from undisturbed rats resting in home cages via an indwelling aortic catheter. Then rats were immobilized for 2 h, and blood samples were taken during stress at 15 min and 2 h and at 30 min poststress. Both sulfate and glucuronide conjugates were deconjugated by enzymatic hydrolysis and measured by radioenzymatic thin-layer chromatographic methods. In plasma of resting rats, the major conjugate of norepinephrine (NE) is sulfate and that of epinephrine (E) and dopamine (DA) is glucuronide; total conjugates in plasma are 53, 57, and 97% of total NE, E, and DA, respectively. During stress, sulfate conjugates of NE, E, and DA increased significantly along with free NE, E, and DA. DA glucuronide unexpectedly declined at 2 h of stress and 30 min poststress. Concentrations of free CAs rose in RBCs during stress, as did NE sulfate, the only conjugate present in RBC lysate. We conclude that both CA conjugation and RBC accumulation are enhanced when large amounts of free CA enter the circulation as a result of immobilization stress and that the relative importance of these inactivation pathways is different for the three CAs. PMID- 6547572 TI - [On-line analysis of nystagmus in the pendular test by the computer]. PMID- 6547573 TI - Preparation of eight ovalbumin subfractions by combined lectin affinity chromatography. AB - Ovalbumin was fractionated by successive lectin affinity chromatography using concanavalin A/Sepharose and wheat germ agglutinin/Sepharose. Eight glycoprotein fractions, all behaving as ovalbumin on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were obtained. To characterize the carbohydrate chains, the asparaginyl-carbohydrates were prepared from the Pronase digests of the ovalbumin fractions and their dansyl derivatives were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The elution profile of the dansylated asparaginyl-carbohydrates from each subfraction was compared with that from the unfractionated ovalbumin. The results indicated that the above eight subfractions could be separated from each other according to their carbohydrate chains and that three of the subfractions were homogeneous with respect to their carbohydrate chains. PMID- 6547574 TI - Optimal conditions for 4-hydroxybenzoyl- and 2-furoylhydrazine as reagents for the determination of carbohydrates, including ketosamines. AB - 4- Hydroxybenzoylhydrazine ( PAHBAH ) reacts with glucose in hot aqueous solution when alkali exceeds aroylhydrazine concentration. The related 2- furoylhydrazine ( FAH ) reacts at lower alkali concentrations, making this an attractive alternative carbohydrate reagent since it is (unlike PAHBAH ) freely water soluble. FAH reacts with monosaccharides more slowly than does PAHBAH , giving about half the color. Its specificity and behavior with a bismuth catalyst parallel those of PAHBAH . Solutions which contain 0.05 mol/liter PAHBAH with 1.5 mmol/liter bismuth III (as tartrate complex) and 0.5 mol/liter sodium hydroxide, or 0.01 mol/liter FAH with 1.5 mmol/liter bismuth III and 0.1 mol/liter sodium hydroxide are sensitive reagents for quantitative analysis, giving stable colors with many carbohydrates within 10 min at 75 degrees C. Ketosamines react more rapidly than glucose at lower temperatures and undergo similar reactions in less alkaline solutions. At pH less than 8, the reaction is specific for these 1- aminohexoses , and FAH can be used as a reagent for their assay. PMID- 6547575 TI - A method for specific chemical modification of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues in proteins. AB - A method for the chemical modification of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues in proteins is introduced that has the combined advantages of mildness, a high degree of specificity, and the ability to introduce a radiolabel at modification sites for ease in quantitation. Unlike other Gla modification procedures which are performed in the lyophilized state at 110 degrees C, this procedure is carried out in solution at 37 degrees C. The addition of morpholine and formaldehyde to a slightly acidic solution of bovine prothrombin fragment 1 (residues 1-156) results in the conversion of Gla residues to gamma- methyleneglutamic acid (gamma- MGlu ). The extent of modification is controlled by the relative amounts of modification reagents to protein. A 100-fold molar excess of reagents to fragment 1 produced a protein molecule containing two gamma MGlu residues, while a modification run at 10,000-fold molar excess of reagents to protein yielded fragment 1 containing eight gamma- MGlu residues per molecule. The specificity of this modification is illustrated by the interaction of native and modified protein with antibody populations directed against fragment 1. Native fragment 1, 8 gamma- MGlu fragment 1, and 2 gamma- MGlu fragment 1 show fairly similar behavior toward whole anti-fragment 1 serum. Differential behavior was exhibited by the native and modified proteins toward a subpopulation of antibodies specific to the calcium ion conformation of fragment 1. Unmodified fragment 1 displayed a strong affinity for these antibodies; however, the 2 gamma MGlu fragment 1 exhibited a moderate affinity and the 8 gamma- MGlu fragment 1 did not bind to these antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547576 TI - The fasciculus longitudinalis medialis in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. 1. Interstitiospinal, reticulospinal and vestibulospinal components. AB - With the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique the various descending components of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (flm) have been studied in the lizard Varanus exanthematicus. After wheat germ agglutinin conjugated HRP injections at the spinomedullary border, retrogradely labeled fibers passing via the flm could be traced to various parts of the magnocellular rhombencephalic reticular formation, the descending and ventromedial vestibular nuclei and the interstitial nucleus of the flm. By implanting HRP slow-release gels into the flm the trajectory and site of termination of various components of the flm have been analysed. The interstitiospinal tract passes via the dorsal part of the flm. Reticulospinal fibers arising in the nucleus reticularis superior and nucleus reticularis medius take a position ventral to the interstitiospinal fibers. Vestibulospinal projections via the flm are found in its ventral part and arise mainly in the contralateral ventromedial and descending vestibular nuclei. A strong vestibulocollic projection to cervical motoneurons should be noted. The positional relations of the various fiber components within the flm found in a lower vertebrate such as the lizard Varanus exanthematicus are comparable to those in mammals. PMID- 6547577 TI - Serum agglutinating and immobilising sperm antibodies in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic. AB - The tray slide agglutination test (TAT) and micro immobilisation test (MIT) to detect antisperm antibodies were carried out on serum samples from 217 men attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases (STD), 151 fertile men requesting vasectomy and 645 men with a marriage with primary infertility. There was no difference in results between the fertile men and the men attending the clinic for sexually transmitted diseases although both sets of results differ from those of the infertile men. These results make it unlikely that venereal disease will trigger antisperm antibody production. PMID- 6547578 TI - Genetic polymorphism of the vitamin D binding protein (Gc) in the musk shrew (Suncus murinus). AB - In the musk shrew (Suncus murinus), the electrophoretic bands in the post-albumin region were identified as vitamin D binding protein (Gc) by the [3H] vitamin D3 binding method. Three Gc phenotypes were distinguished from each other: a single faster band (Gc-A), a single slower band (Gc-B) and the double bands (Gc-AB). Results of mating experiments indicated that the Gc-A and Gc-B are controlled by two codominant alleles, Gca and Gcb at an autosomal locus (Gc), respectively. It was noticed that, in the Gc-AB phenotypes, the Gc-B band was constantly more intense than the Gc-A band in the protein staining. The same tendency was also observed between the homozygous Gc-A and Gc-B bands, and further, radioactivity of the Gc-B bound with [3H] vitamin D3 was about twofold higher than that of the Gc-A. These results suggest that the Gcb yields its protein product twofold more than the Gca. No cross-reaction between the shrew proteins and a rabbit anti human Gc protein was observed. PMID- 6547579 TI - [A technic to avoid postoperative intestinal hypodynamia]. AB - The hypodynamic postoperative ileus in children, has as main cause the circle gastric distension-reflex intestinal ileus, produced by the swallowed air. The gastric emptying system-through a Levin tube from the stomach is not usually sufficient to get off all the swallowed air. Nevertheless, a continuous suction from the lower third of oesophagus, through a double lumen sump tube is twelve times more effective in the getting off de air before it comes into the stomach, without need of a nasogastric tube. PMID- 6547580 TI - Infections with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter-like organisms in homosexual men. AB - In studies of the cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in homosexual men, Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 10 of 158 men with, and 2 of 75 men without, intestinal symptoms. In addition, a heterogeneous group of Campylobacter like organisms was identified in 26 symptomatic and 6 asymptomatic homosexual men, but in none of 150 heterosexual men and women. Infections with Campylobacter like organisms, like infections with C. jejuni, were significantly associated with the sexual practice of anilinctus and were usually associated with diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and hematochezia; proctocolitis seen at sigmoidoscopy; increased numbers of leukocytes seen on rectal smears; acute inflammatory changes seen on rectal biopsy specimens; and a serum antibody response to the infecting organism. PMID- 6547581 TI - BASIC programs for the assessment of skeletal maturity and the prediction of adult height using the Tanner-Whitehouse method. AB - A family of BASIC microcomputer programs is described that carry out the computations required for the assessment of skeletal maturity and the prediction of adult height according to the Tanner- Whitehouse techniques. These programs significantly reduce the tedious computations required for these assessments and present final data in a comprehensible format. Both the original, Mark 1, and the newer, Mark 2, prediction methods are included because even though the latter is intended to replace the former, this replacement will naturally take some time and comparability studies will inevitably be undertaken. The programs are written in Applesoft BASIC but may be easily modified for other microcomputers or main frames with the facility for BASIC compilation. PMID- 6547582 TI - [Photometric analysis of aminoglycosides antibiotics]. PMID- 6547583 TI - Formation of novel nitrofuran metabolites in xanthine oxidase-catalyzed reduction of methyl 5-nitro-2-furoate. AB - After methyl 5-nitro-2-furoate was incubated with milk xanthine oxidase, three reduction products were isolated from the incubation mixture. Among them, two reduction products were new types of nitrofuran metabolites, i.e., metabolites 1 and 2 were identified as the dihydroxyhydrazine derivative (1,2-dihydroxy-1,2 di(5-methoxycarbonyl-2-furyl)hydrazine) and the hydroxylaminofuran derivative (methyl 5-hydroxylamino-2-furoate), respectively. Metabolite 3 was also identified as the aminofuran derivative (methyl 5-amino-2-furoate) by comparison with a synthetic sample. PMID- 6547584 TI - Isolation and characterization of a novel disialoganglioside from bovine adrenal medulla. AB - A novel GDlb ganglioside which contains only N-glycolylneuraminic acid was isolated from bovine adrenal medulla by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Iatrobeads column chromatography. The concentration of this ganglioside was 0.9 nmol lipid-bound sialic acid per gram fresh tissue, which accounted for 2.7% of the disialoganglioside fraction. The structure was elucidated by sugar analysis, neuraminidase digestion, and permethylation studies. The complete structure of this ganglioside was identified as GDlb (NeuGc)2 or II3 (NeuGc)2-GgOse4Cer. PMID- 6547585 TI - Some observations on the pharmacology of 'deep-heat', a topical rubifacient. AB - A topically applied rubifacient delivered by aerosol (Deep-Heat) was studied. After spray application to the forearms of volunteers, without massage, the erythema produced was measured by thermography and correlated with the concentration of 2 salicylate components of the mixture found in local and systemic venous blood. Maximum erythema occurred at about 30 minutes, while blood salicylate levels were maximal between 20 and 30 minutes after application. Methyl salicylate was absorbed before ethyl salicylate. Over the time period of the erythematous response oxygen levels in local venous blood were raised. Finally, platelets collected from venous blood draining from the sprayed site, when induced to clump by the addition of arachidonic acid in an aggregometer, showed increased resistance to clumping when compared with control cells. The mechanism of these observed phenomena and the mode of action of the constituents of Deep-Heat are discussed. PMID- 6547586 TI - [Thyroid pathology of newborn infants of mothers with Basedow's disease]. AB - Of 15 neonates born to mothers presenting with Graves' disease, who were admitted for presumptive thyroid disorder, 6 presented with neonatal thyrotoxicosis, 4 with goiter and/or hypothyroidism, and 5 presented with euthyroidism. In cases with thyrotoxicosis, the mothers were not or insufficiently treated. Evolution was regressive in 5 instances, there was a craniostenosis and persisting hyperthyroidism in one case. In cases with goiter and/or hypothyroidism, on the other hand, the mothers were correctly treated, and neonatal manifestations were benign and transient. This emphasizes both the importance of supervising gravidic hyperthyroidism and the complexity of materno-foetal relationship in thyroid diseases. PMID- 6547587 TI - An unusual case of thymolipoma with hamartomatous changes. PMID- 6547588 TI - Diagnosis of parathyroid hyperplasia. PMID- 6547589 TI - Massive nodal involvement in a case of renal angiomyolipoma. PMID- 6547591 TI - Length of left main coronary artery. Lack of correlation to coronary artery dominance and bicuspid aortic valve: an autopsy study of 54 cases. AB - Previous coronary angiographic data have suggested that the left main length of the coronary artery correlated with dominance (origin of the posterior descending branch) and bicuspid aortic valves. In our autopsy study with direct measurements of left main lengths, 41 patients with tricuspid aortic valves and 13 with bicuspid aortic valves were examined for right, left, or codominance. There was no statistically significant difference in either coronary dominance or the length of left main coronary artery between the congenital bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves. Age, sex, heart weight, extent of coronary artery disease, left ventricular wall thickness, and site of prior infarction did not correlate with left main length or dominance. Thus, short left main lengths do not correlate with coronary dominance or with aortic valves. Angiographic assessment of left main coronary artery length is subject to magnification, oblique projection, and catheter position errors. PMID- 6547590 TI - Perfluorochemicals. Morphologic changes in infused liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of rabbits. AB - Perfluorochemicals have been shown to have a high affinity for oxygen and therefore, have potential use in circumstances in which conventional blood transfusions are not possible. We examined by light and electron microscopy (EM) histologic changes in liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of rabbits each infused with 20 to 40 mL of perfluorotributylamine or with lactated Ringer's solution (controls). Rabbits were killed at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after infusion. Spleen and liver showed the most marked alterations. Spleen architecture was distorted with focal infiltration by foamy macrophages. The EM showed macrophages containing small and large, membrane-bound vacuoles. In the liver, Kupffer's cells were enlarged with eccentric nuclei and vacuolated cytoplasm. Hepatocytes contained occasional perfluorochemical particles. In the lung, intimal cells were swollen in the muscular arteries. While in alveolar septae, perfluorochemical particles could be identified ultrastructurally in the alveolar phagocytes and in the endothelium of capillaries. Kidney changes were more subtle, with occasional foam cells seen within the mesangium. The number of vacuoles did not decrease with time in any of the organs examined. Therefore, perfluorotributylamine particles are retained in vital organs; what effects these particles may have on normal tissue function need further evaluation. PMID- 6547592 TI - Origin of anterior descending coronary artery from right aortic sinus. Intramyocardial tunneling to left side of heart. AB - We report a rare case of a coronary anomaly. All of the coronary arteries originated from a single ostium located in the right coronary cusp. The single coronary artery had a main branch corresponding to the usually dominant right coronary artery. The left anterior descending coronary artery arose from the right coronary artery and coursed intramyocardially within the right ventricular outflow tract to the anterior interventricular sulcus. The absence of evidence of myocardial ischemia in our patient, both clinically and at autopsy, and in three cases reported previously, suggests that the condition reported here was an unlikely cause of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6547593 TI - Lung structure in asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. AB - It has been assumed that asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) is always associated with abnormal lung development due to the small thoracic cage. Applying precise quantitative morphometric techniques to the injected and inflated lung from an infant with ATD who died at 4 months of age, normal lung growth was demonstrated. The number of bronchial generations and preacinar arteries was normal, indicating normal development in the first 16 weeks of intrauterine life. Alveolar number and acinar complexity suggested that alveolar growth was normal at birth and had continued with only minor impairment after birth. Arterial changes compatible with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension were also present. PMID- 6547594 TI - Site predilection of airway inflammation by emphysema type. AB - To elucidate interrelations of airway inflammation and emphysema, bronchi from subjects with severe panlobular and centrilobular disease and normal lungs were compared. This disclosed an intense infiltration with chronic inflammatory cells, mucous gland hypertrophy, and thickening of bronchi, primarily in association with emphysema having a panlobular configuration. These changes complement a generalized thickening and inflammation of nonrespiratory bronchioles previously observed in these cases. We conclude that the panlobular pattern may be a close function of inflammatory thickening of the conductive airways to respective lungs and lung parts, but centrilobular emphysema is not reliant on these changes. The precursory defect for the centrilobular lesion instead has been shown to be a more peripherally oriented respiratory bronchiolitis around the centers of lobules. PMID- 6547595 TI - Heterotopic duodenum in the cystic duct. AB - Duodenal tissue was an incidental microscopic finding in a gallbladder that was removed for an acute and chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis. To my knowledge, no other case of duodenal heterotopia in the cystic duct or gallbladder has been reported in the literature. PMID- 6547596 TI - Intraocular pressure changes after neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. AB - Thirty-seven Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomies were performed on 33 aphakic or pseudophakic eyes. The average intraocular pressure increase during the first 24 hours after treatment was 12.0 +/- 6.9 mm Hg from a baseline value of 17.7 mm Hg in the treated eye v +0.7 +/- 3.5 mm Hg in the untreated eye. Seven eyes had larger capsulotomies performed, averaging 250.7 millijoules (mJ) of energy per treatment. Thirty eyes had smaller posterior capsulotomies performed, averaging 48.3 mJ per treatment. Average IOP increases within the first day were 16.1 and 12 mm Hg, respectively. All eyes in which IOP increased more than 5 mm Hg showed the increase within the first 48 hours. In some eyes, IOP remained elevated more than 10 mm Hg above preoperative levels for several weeks. Higher pressures were associated with larger capsulotomies and increased energy. Minimizing debris and shock waves are recommended as well as thorough postoperative pressure monitoring. PMID- 6547597 TI - Multichannel cochlear implants. Channel interactions and processor design. AB - Multichannel electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve can generate complex interactions between the individual channels. Two types of channel interactions have been investigated: those that occur when two or more electrode channels are simultaneously stimulated and those that occur when the stimuli from each channel are not temporally coincident. Experiments with three human subjects, implanted with scala tympani electrode arrays, indicate that responses are a strong function of the spacing between the channels, the subject, and the electrode geometry (ie, bipolar or monopolar geometries). PMID- 6547598 TI - Facts and fallacies about food allergy in children. PMID- 6547599 TI - Isolation and characterization of an intermediate steroid metabolite in diosgenin biosynthesis in suspension cultures of Dioscorea deltoidea cells. AB - The aglycon form of the steroidal sapogenin furost -5-ene-3 beta, 22,26-triol, 3 beta- chacotrioside 26 beta-D-glucopyranoside was isolated from cell suspension cultures of Dioscorea deltoidea and its molecular structure was determined by mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy. From kinetic studies and incorporation experiments with [1-14C]acetate it was concluded that the steroidal compound (in the glycoside form) is an intermediate in vivo in diosgenin biosynthesis. It accumulated in growing cells of D. deltoidea and was metabolized to diosgenin (in the glycoside form, i.e. dioscin ) in non-dividing cells. PMID- 6547600 TI - Purification and characterization of human neuropeptide Y from adrenal-medullary phaeochromocytoma tissue. AB - Human neuropeptide Y was isolated from acid extracts of adrenal-medullary phaeochromocytoma tissue. After (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, the neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity was purified from the resolubilized 80%-saturation-(NH4)2SO4 peptide-rich precipitate, by gel filtration, cation-exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Amino acid analysis of the peptide revealed a composition almost identical with that of the pig peptide, the exception being the loss of one leucine residue and its replacement with methionine. Tryptic digestion of the peptide and subsequent amino acid analysis of the fragments further confirmed the identity of the peptide. Carboxypeptidase Y digestion of the (1-19)-peptide tryptic fragment has shown the methionine to be located at position 17 in human neuropeptide Y. PMID- 6547601 TI - Production of C-24- and C-23-oxidized metabolites of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol by cultured kidney cells (LLC PK1) and their presence in kidney in vivo. AB - 1,25-Dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol was converted into several more-polar metabolites by a cultured pig kidney cell line (LLC PK1). The production of metabolites was stimulated by pretreating the cells with unlabelled 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. A similar profile of metabolites was observed on high pressure-liquid-chromatographic analysis of an extract from the kidneys of rats dosed intravenously with 1,25-dihydroxy[3H]cholecalciferol. Among the metabolites detected were 1,24,25-trihydroxycholecalciferol, 1,25-dihydroxy-24 oxocholecalciferol, 1,23,25-trihydroxy-24-oxocholecalciferol and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol-26,23-lactone. The results are in accord with data reported for intestinal 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol metabolism [Napoli, Pramanik, Royal, Reinhardt & Horst (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9100-9107]. These data indicate that C-23- and C-24-oxidation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol are phenomena common to calciferol target tissues, and that regulation of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol homoeostasis is dependent on the rate of its metabolism in addition to the rate of its synthesis. PMID- 6547602 TI - Determination of delta-aminolaevulinic acid in biological fluids by gas-liquid chromatography with electron-capture detection. AB - A derivative of delta-aminolaevulinic acid (AmLev), 2-methyl-3-acetyl-4-(3 propionic acid pentafluorobenzyl ester)pyrrole, with favourable properties for g.l.c. with electron-capture detection, was synthesized. Less than 1 pg could be detected on the column. 6-Amino-5-oxohexanoic acid formed the analogous derivative under similar conditions and was used as the internal standard in the development of a highly sensitive and specific assay for AmLev. The method has been applied to peripheral-venous and umbilical-cord plasma and to cerebrospinal fluid of normal and porphyric subjects. PMID- 6547603 TI - Fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and electron-impact direct-probe mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of oligosaccharides with special reference to the poly(N-acetyl-lactosamine) series. AB - A comparison has been made of positive- and negative-ion fast-atom-bombardment (FAB) and electron-impact (EI) mass spectrometry for analysis of oligosaccharides and alditols containing alternating and consecutive sequences of neutral and acetamido sugars. Among these were novel chemically synthesized tetrasaccharides with Ii antigen activities. FAB ionization has the advantage that it is applicable to non-derivatized oligosaccharides and it can determine Mr. However, the abundance of fragment ions providing structural information and the amount of material required for analysis (1-50 nmol) varied from sample to sample. In contrast, EI mass spectrometry of 5 nmol of permethylated or peracetylated oligosaccharides reliably gives all the fragment ions formed by cleavage across the glycosidic bonds. PMID- 6547604 TI - Inhibition of human liver cathepsin L by alpha 2 cysteine-proteinase inhibitor and the low-Mr cysteine proteinase inhibitor from human serum. AB - The inhibition of human liver cathepsin L by two specific proteinase inhibitors present in human serum, namely alpha 2 cysteine-proteinase inhibitor and the low Mr cysteine-proteinase inhibitor, was studied. Kinetic parameters, including inhibition constants (Ki) and rate constants for association and dissociation (k+1 and K-1), were determined. The values found are consistent with a possible physiological function of these inhibitors to control cathepsin L activity. Furthermore, a transfer of active proteinase from the complex with either cysteine-proteinase inhibitor species to alpha 2-macroglobulin was demonstrated in vitro. Given the rate of dissociation of both cathepsin-L-cysteine-proteinase inhibitor complexes, a function of transitory inhibitor can therefore be hypothesized for these proteins and might then provide an explanation of the clearance of lysosomal proteinases. PMID- 6547605 TI - Triacylglycerol synthesis in goat mammary gland. The effect of ATP, Mg2+ and glycerol 3-phosphate on the esterification of fatty acids synthesized de novo. AB - Goat mammary-gland microsomal fraction by itself induces synthesis of medium chain-length fatty acids by goat mammary fatty acid synthetase and incorporates short- and medium-chain fatty acids into triacylglycerol. Addition of ATP in the absence or presence of Mg2+ totally inhibits triacylglycerol synthesis from short and medium-chain fatty acids, and severely inhibits synthesis de novo of medium chain fatty acids. The inhibition by ATP of fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol synthesis de novo can be relieved by glycerol 3-phosphate. The effect of ATP could not be mimicked by the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, adenosine 5'-[beta,gamma-methylene]triphosphate and could not be shown to be caused by inhibition of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase by a phosphorylation reaction. Possible explanations for the mechanism of the inhibition by ATP are discussed, and a hypothetical model for its action is outlined. PMID- 6547606 TI - The sequence of an atriopeptigen: a precursor of the bioactive atrial peptides. AB - The high molecular weight fraction ( atriopeptigen -APG) obtained by gel filtration chromatography of rat atrial extracts was fractionated by isoelectric focusing and reverse phase HPLC to obtain a pure APG. Purification of cyanogen bromide digests of the crude high molecular weight fraction resulted in the isolation of a single biologically active cyanogen bromide cleavage peptide. Sequence analyses of these peptides coupled with recent reports of sequence analyses of intermediate molecular weight atrial peptides ( Thibault , et al. (1984) FEBS Letters 167, 352-356, and Kangwa , et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 119, 933-940) provide the complete primary structure of an 111 residue APG. PMID- 6547608 TI - Hepatic heme metabolism: possible role of biliverdin in the regulation of heme oxygenase activity. AB - Treatment of rats with biliverdin (48 h) resulted in an increase in microsomal heme oxygenase activity in the liver. This was accompanied by decreases in the microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 contents. In these respects cellular responses elicited by biliverdin resembled those produced by hematin (48 h). When rats were treated with biliverdin for a short interval (3 h) an inhibition of the activities of heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase, concomitant with an increase in microsomal heme and cytochrome P-450 contents, were observed. Hematin was ineffective in altering these parameters under similar conditions. Biliverdin, in a concentration-dependent manner, inhibited the activities of purified heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase. The activity of purified rat liver heme oxygenase was refractory to bilirubin, whereas that of purified biliverdin reductase was severely inhibited. It is suggested that biliverdin regulates cellular heme degradation processes by occupying the heme binding site on heme oxygenase, thus hindering the access of the substrate to the catalytic site of the enzyme. PMID- 6547607 TI - Expression of the transferrin gene during development of non-hepatic tissues: high level of transferrin mRNA in fetal muscle and adult brain. AB - Using a cloned rat transferrin cDNA probe, we looked for transferrin mRNA in the various rat tissues during development. In all the cases the mRNA detected seemed to be the same and to be product of a single gene. The transferrin gene is early expressed at a high level during liver differentiation. In the muscle and other non-hepatic and non-nervous tissues, the gene expression is maximal just before birth (19-20th day of gestational age), then markedly decreases during the postnatal development, the mRNA level being very low in the adult tissues. In brain, by contrast, transferrin mRNA level is very low before birth, then gradually increases during the postnatal development and reaches a plateau in the adult. Maximal mRNA concentration in fetal muscle (2 days before birth) and adult brain is about 1:7 to 1:10 of that obtained in adult liver. These results are analyzed in the light of the evidence that transferrin is not only an iron binding protein, but also a factor involved in cell proliferation and differentiation, and particularly in nerve control of muscle differentiation. PMID- 6547609 TI - Effect of cimetidine on delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase and microsomal heme oxygenase in rat liver. AB - Cimetidine is a well known inhibitor of the heme-containing enzyme cytochrome P 450. We have found that it also inhibits delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALA S) and microsomal heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzymes for heme synthesis and heme degradation respectively. Cytochrome P-450 content was decreased but microsomal heme concentration remained unaltered for a period of 30 min after in vivo cimetidine administration to rats. In vitro incubation of cimetidine with each of the above enzymes revealed no direct effect of cimetidine on ALA-S but about 50% inhibition of heme oxygenase and 20% reduction in cytochrome P-450 content. This suggests that a metabolite of cimetidine inhibits ALA-S activity in vivo, while the drug itself or a metabolite inhibits heme oxygenase both in vivo and in vitro. A rise in ALA-S activity seen after its early inhibition and its return to approximate control values after 60 min suggest a reversible inhibition of ALA-S by a metabolite of cimetidine and may correspond to its clearance from the animal. An elevation in microsomal heme content paralleled the rise in ALA-S activity while microsomal heme oxygenase activity returned to only 65% of control value 60 min after cimetidine treatment. Cytochrome P-450 content did not change after its initial decrease, suggesting that irreversible alteration had occurred. PMID- 6547610 TI - Anti-ulcer and secretion-inhibitory properties of the tricyclic derivative doxepin in rats and dogs. AB - The anti-ulcer and antisecretory properties of 3-(dibenz[b,e] oxepin - 11(6H) ylidene)-N,N- dimethylpropylamine hydrochloride (doxepin) were investigated in a series of acute experiments in rats with gastric and duodenal ulcer. Acute gastric ulceration induced by immobilisation and stress (waterbath), and by non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, was reduced by doxepin to the same extent as by pirenzepine and cimetidine. Doxepin and cimetidine showed a weak but significant effect against serotonin-induced ulcers in the rat, but pirenzepine did not. Duodenal ulcer caused by increased acid production (pentagastrin plus carbachol induced) was suppressed by pirenzepine, doxepin and cimetidine. The inhibition of gastric secretion by doxepin was studied in anaesthetised rats and conscious dogs. In the Lai rat, doxepin decreased carbachol-induced secretion of hydrochloric acid more effectively than cimetidine. Doxepin was as ineffective as pirenzepine against histamine- or pentagastrin-induced secretion. In the dog with gastric fistula, doxepin inhibited the acid production induced by 2-desoxy-d glucose more effectively, and for longer periods, than that induced by pentagastrin or histamine. In the dog with a Heidenhain pouch, doxepin reduced the acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin and carbachol, and by histamine, less effectively and for a shorter time, than cimetidine. The antagonism of doxepin to the action of carbachol in the rat and that of 2-desoxy-d-glucose in the dog appears to be an important factor in its mode of action. To inhibit the secretion of saliva and to delay intestinal transport, a dose of doxepin 3-10 times greater than that required for anti-ulcerative and secretion-inhibitory effects was necessary. PMID- 6547611 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetic comparison of two indometacin containing suppositories with different vehicula. AB - A single dose each of two brands of indometacin (INN; in some pharmacopoeias called indomethacin) containing suppositories, made with different vehicula , was administered rectally - in a cross over design - to ten healthy volunteers. Product A ( Dolcidium ) was made of a new waxy excipient which emulsifies at body temperature; product B was a leading brand of indometacin containing suppository, made of a hydrophilic polyethyleneglycol basis, which dissolves in body fluid. Plasma indometacin concentrations were measured frequently during a period of 9 h after dosing. Both products showed rather consistent absorption profiles. The maximum plasma indometacin concentration after administration of the product A 50 mg suppository was found after 62 +/- 18 min (mean +/- S.D.), and measured 2.0 +/ 0.5 mg X l-1. After dosing with the reference product those values were 66 +/- 21 min and 1.8 +/- 0.4 mg X l-1, respectively. The area under the plasma indometacin concentration-time curve was found to be 384 +/- 130 mg X l-1 X min for product A 50 mg suppositories and 372 +/- 62 mg X l-1 X min for the reference product. This results in a relative bioavailability of the product A 50 mg suppositories of 1.02, after correction for actual amount of indometacin in each dosage form. None of the above mentioned pharmacokinetic parameters were statistically significantly different (p greater than 0.05), indicating bioequivalence of the two products. PMID- 6547612 TI - Controlled comparison of intrathecal cinchocaine with intrathecal cinchocaine and morphine. Clinical effects and plasma morphine concentrations. AB - Twenty patients scheduled for elective total hip replacement were given either intrathecal cinchocaine with morphine hydrochloride 2.5 mg or intrathecal cinchocaine alone before general anaesthesia. Arterial plasma morphine concentrations were measured and analgesic, respiratory and biochemical effects compared. Plasma morphine concentrations increased to 19.3 nmol litre-1 at 210 min. PaCO2 concentrations increased significantly only in those patients who received morphine as well as cinchocaine. Patients receiving cinchocaine alone, but not those given cinchocaine and morphine, had significant (P less than 0.01) increases in plasma cortisol concentrations' in the period after operation. Median time to next analgesic in patients receiving cinchocaine with intrathecal morphine was 22 h, significantly (P less than 0.01) longer than in patients receiving intrathecal cinchocaine alone (7.8 h). PMID- 6547613 TI - Atracurium in a parturient with atypical cholinesterase. PMID- 6547614 TI - Use of atracurium in the presence of lower or upper limb tourniquets. PMID- 6547615 TI - Angioneurotic oedema following atracurium. PMID- 6547616 TI - Long term low dose carbimazole as a treatment for thyrotoxicosis. A report of ten cases with a review of the literature. PMID- 6547617 TI - Immunologically induced peliosis hepatis in rats. AB - Peliosis hepatis has been induced immunologically with anti-rat glomerular basal membrane rabbit serum in rats pre-sensitized with a rare earth metal complex, neodymium pyrocatechin disulphonate (NPD). This is the first experimental evidence that peliosis hepatis may develop as a result of an immunological process. It is noteworthy that in this experimental form of peliosis hepatis and in that observed earlier in rats treated with basic polyglutamic acid derivatives, severe defibrination was detected and, as in most human cases, not only the liver but other organs were also involved in the peliotic lesions. Since the rare earth metal compounds, among them the pyrocatechin disulphonate complex of neodymium, depress the reticulo-endothelial activity, a role of the reticulo endothelial system in the pathogenesis of this experimental form of peliosis hepatis is suggested. PMID- 6547618 TI - Malignant lymphomas with band 8q24 chromosome abnormality: a morphologic continuum extending from Burkitt's to immunoblastic lymphoma. AB - Chromosome abnormality involving band 8q24 is present in the malignant cells in virtually all 'Burkitt's' type malignancies. t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocations have nevertheless been found in certain cases of malignant lymphomas (ML) described as 'small non-cleaved non-Burkitt', 'immunoblastic' or 'histiocytic'. With a view to comparing objectively the histological picture of such lymphomas, we undertook morphometric analysis of seven cases of diffuse ML classed as 'Burkitt's' (three cases), 'immunoblastic' (two cases), 'small non-cleaved non-Burkitt' (one case) and 'large-cell lymphoma' (one case), all exhibiting band 8q24 rearrangement arising from various translocations. Our study substantiates the view that the histologic picture of MLs with 8q24 anomaly fits into a morphological continuum containing 'Burkitt's', 'small non-cleaved non-Burkitt' and 'immunoblastic' lymphomas. PMID- 6547619 TI - Interaction of dolichol and dolichyl phosphate with phospholipid bilayers. AB - The thermotropic phase transition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles reconstituted with dolichol or dolichyl phosphate was investigated as a function of the lipid-to-polyisoprenoid ratio by means of differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence depolarization of the embedded probe 1,6-diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene. At the concentrations studied, dolichol and dolichyl phosphate lowered and broadened the transition temperature of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Dolichol was found to increase the motional freedom of the bilayer both below and above the transition temperature as determined by fluorescence depolarization. In contrast, low concentrations of dolichyl phosphate decreased the bilayer motional freedom below the transition temperature while high concentrations increased the motional freedom. Above the transition temperature, dolichyl phosphate decreased bilayer 'fluidity' at all concentrations. The data suggest that these polyisoprenoids perturb the bilayer lattice, with the neutral species dolichol increasing membrane 'fluidity', while dolichyl phosphate acts to 'stiffen' the membrane. PMID- 6547620 TI - Calorimetric and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies on the interaction of glycophorin with phosphatidylserine/dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine d62 mixtures. AB - Glycophorin has been isolated in pure form from human erythrocyte membranes and reconstituted into lipid vesicles composed of binary mixtures of bovine brain phosphatidylserine (PS) and acyl-chain perdeuterated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC-d62). The effect of protein on lipid melting behavior and order has been monitored with differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The phase diagram for PS/DPPC d62 is consistent with that previously reported for PS/DPPC (Stewart et al. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 556, 1-16) and indicates that acyl chain perdeuteration does not greatly alter the lipid mixing characteristics. The use of deuterated lipid allows the examination of lipid order by FT-IR of each lipid component in the binary mixtures as well as in the ternary (lipid/lipid/protein) systems. Addition of glycophorin to a 30:70 PS/DPPC-d62 binary lipid mixture results in a preferential glycophorin/PS interaction leading to bulk lipid enriched in DPPC-d62. This is revealed in two ways: first, through cooperative calorimetric transitions increased in temperature from the binary lipid system and second, through FT-IR melting curves of the DPPC-d62 component which shows transitions increased in both onset and completion temperatures in the presence of protein. In addition, non-cooperative melting events are observed at temperatures below the onset of phase separation. The FT-IR data are used to assign these non-cooperative events to the melting of the PS component. For the 50:50 lipid mixture with protein, two transitions are observed in the DSC experiments. The IR results indicate that both lipid components are involved with the lower temperature event. PMID- 6547621 TI - Melittin and the 8-26 fragment. Differences in ionophoric properties as measured by monolayer method. AB - Melittin is a major (approximately 50%) protein component of bee venom. This peptide is an amphiphilic protein, because, while the amino acid residues 1-20 are predominantly hydrophobic (with the exception of Lys-7), residues 21-26 are hydrophilic. The binding properties to vesicles and lipid bilayers of melittin have provided much useful information regarding biological (hemolytic) activity (Habermann, E., 1972, Science [Wash. DC], 177:314-322). Recent studies have convincingly established that the melittin monolayer (at air-water interface) model membrane system allows one to analyze the various forces present in such structures. We present comparative monolayer studies of melittin and the peptide fragment 8-26 regarding the channel formation for the selective anion (Cl-) penetration in monolayers, analogous to melittin (tetramer) channel function in lipid bilayer. The differences in surface pressure and surface potential of monolayers between native melittin and the 8-26 fragment suggest that these may be ascribed to Lys-7. PMID- 6547622 TI - Propagation of excitation in idealized anisotropic two-dimensional tissue. AB - This paper reports on a simulation of propagation for anisotropic two-dimensional cardiac tissue. The tissue structure assumed was that of a Hodgin-Huxley membrane separating inside and outside anisotropic media, obeying Ohm's law in each case. Membrane current was found by an integral expression involving partial spatial derivatives of Vm weighted by a function of distance. Numerical solutions for transmembrane voltage as a function of time following excitation at a single central site were computed using an algorithm that examined only the portion of the tissue undergoing excitation at each moment; thereby, the number of calculations required was reduced to a large but achievable number. Results are shown for several combinations of the four conductivity values: With isotropic tissue, excitation spread in circles, as expected. With tissue having nominally normal ventricular conductivities, excitation spread in patterns close to ellipses. With reciprocal conductivities, isochrones approximated a diamond shape, and were in conflict with the theoretical predictions of Muler and Markin; the time constant of the foot of the action potentials, as computed, varied between sites along axes as compared with sites along the diagonals, even though membrane properties were identical everywhere. Velocity of propagation changed for several milliseconds following the stimulus. Patterns that would have been expected from well-known studies in one dimension did not always occur in two dimensions, with the magnitude of the difference varying from nil for isotropic conductivities to quite large for reciprocal conductivities. PMID- 6547624 TI - The effects of various peptides on the thermotropic properties of phosphatidylcholine bilayers. AB - The effects of an amino acid derivative (N-benzoyl-L-argininamide), four small peptides (Phe-Gly-Phe-Gly, gastrin-related peptide (Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2), tetragastrin (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), pentagastrin (Boc-beta Ala-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe NH2] and one medium-sized peptide, glucagon (29 residues), on the gel-to-liquid crystalline transition of a multilamellar suspension of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine have been studied by means of high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. At low concentrations of added solutes, the temperature at which the excess apparent specific heat in the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of the lipid is maximal is lowered by an amount proportional to the total concentration of the peptide, with proportionality constants ranging from -0.018 K mM-1 for Phe-Gly-Phe-Gly to -3.1 K mM-1 for the gastrin-related peptide. The lipid mixtures involving the first two solutes listed above exhibited approximately symmetrical curves of excess apparent specific heat vs. temperature. The curves for the other solutes were asymmetric, and could be well represented as the sum of either two or three two-state curves. The asymmetry, which was especially pronounced in the cases of pentagastrin and glucagon, thus appeared to be due to the presence of components having lower and/or higher transition temperatures than that of the lipid. Pentagastrin and glucagon (R.M. Epand and J.M. Sturtevant, Biochemistry 20 (1981) 4603) have much smaller effects on the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine than on that of the dimyristoyl analog. PMID- 6547623 TI - Kinetic model for isometric contraction in smooth muscle on the basis of myosin phosphorylation hypothesis. AB - A kinetic model was proposed to simulate an isometric contraction curve in smooth muscle on the basis of the myosin phosphorylation hypothesis. The Ca2+-calmodulin dependent activation of myosin light-chain kinase and the phosphorylation dephosphorylation reaction of myosin were mathematically treated. Solving the kinetic equations at a steady state, we could calculate the relationship between the Ca2+ concentration and the myosin phosphorylation. Assuming that two-head phosphorylated myosin has an actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity and that this state corresponds to an active state, we computed the time courses of the myosin phosphorylation and the active state for various Ca2+ transients. The time course of the active state was converted into that of isometric tension by use of Sandow's model composed of a contractile element and a series elastic component. The model could simulate not only the isometric contraction curves for any given Ca2+ transient but also the following experimental results: the calmodulin dependent shift of the Ca2+ sensitivity of isometric tension observed in skinned muscle fibers, the disagreement between the Ca2+ sensitivity of myosin phosphorylation and that of isometric tension at a steady state, and the disagreement between the time course of myosin phosphorylation and that of isometric tension development. PMID- 6547625 TI - [Luminescent method for experimental studies of the heart]. AB - Experiments on 20 rabbits were made to explore the fluorescent properties of a water-soluble drug pyrroloindolysin administered to the blood vessels. The fluorescent spectra were excited in the UV spectrum. The drug was rapidly accumulated by the heart, with the fluorescence being mainly seen in the structures of the interatrial septum. The data obtained point to the possibility of the use of the described method for fluorescent studies of the different parts and structures of the heart. PMID- 6547626 TI - Progression of nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma to Burkitt's like lymphoma. AB - Histologic conversion of nodular lymphomas to more aggressive patterns has been well described and occurs in 15% to 40% of cases. Most conversions have involved changes from nodular to diffuse patterns and often from small to larger cell types. Conversions to undifferentiated lymphomas, but not specifically to the Burkitt's type, have infrequently been described. This report describes three cases of nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma that converted to a Burkitt's-like lymphoma. Conversion was associated with short survivals, increasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and changes in DNA stemline, RNA content, and S-phase values, as determined by flow cytometry. Karyotypes in two cases revealed a t(14;18). Surface immunoglobulin could be demonstrated on transformed Burkitt's-like cells from lymph node in one case, but in none of the cases on cells from bone marrow. PMID- 6547627 TI - Clinical course and treatment of venereal spirochaetosis in New Zealand white rabbits. AB - Ten sporadic cases of venereal spirochaetosis, caused by Treponema paraluis cuniculi, were seen in New Zealand white rabbits in two years. An equal number of males and females were affected. Females tended to have milder clinical signs than males. Lesions were usually found on the prepuce in males and the vulva in females, although the anus and skin of the perineum were also affected. Facial lesions were rare. Lesions healed in seven to 28 days in rabbits treated with penicillin. Eight rabbits had antibodies reactive in the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorbed (FTA-ABS) tests when the disease was first diagnosed. In several rabbits followed longitudinally, RPR test results became negative two to four months after antimicrobial treatment, VDRL antibody titres diminished but usually persisted at low levels, while FTA-ABS antibodies declined slowly and were still evident 12 months after treatment. PMID- 6547628 TI - Health advisers (contact tracers) in sexually transmitted disease. AB - Contact tracing has always been a vital element in the control of sexually transmitted disease (STD), and the early full time contact tracers were more effective than doctors in this work. Those appointed to the early posts had to train themselves and they concentrated on contact tracing. Training has now improved, and most contact tracers in Britain, now called Health Advisers in STD, have attended a full time five day residential training course, and it is hoped that better courses may be developed. A handbook has been produced and widely circulated. The Society of Health Advisers in STD holds regular regional meetings and an annual conference. Health advisers may discover personal problems and have an important role in education, both of which activities are covered in their role specification. Health advisers in STD have developed from contact tracers to undertake a broad range of functions, but the question is asked whether they could contribute to other aspects of health care within the clinic. PMID- 6547629 TI - Long latency spinal cord dorsum potential; suppression by intrathecal morphine and enkephalin analog. AB - We have developed a new method which combines intrathecal recordings of spinal cord dorsum potentials (CDPs) with application of drugs to the spinal cord via an intrathecal catheter. With this technique we have discovered a late component (LC) in the CDP which has not been previously described. The LC is evoked by high intensity electrical stimulation of the rat tail. Whereas previous reports describe early components in the CDP evoked by low intensity A-fiber stimulation, ours is the first to describe a late evoked potential implicating C-fiber activation of the cord. Moreover, we show that the LC is blocked by intrathecal application of morphine sulphate or D-Ala-Met-enkephalinamide in a naloxone reversible manner. We postulate that this LC represents, at least in part, the spinal cord evoked response to C-polymodal nociceptive afferent inputs. PMID- 6547630 TI - Stress and beta-carbolines decrease the density of low affinity GABA binding sites; an effect reversed by diazepam. AB - Cerebral cortex membranes from rats habituated to manipulations preceding decapitation (habituated rats) had 40% higher GABA binding than membranes from naive animals. Diazepam (5 X 10(-6) M), added to membranes from naive rats, increased GABA binding to the level of habituated rats, but failed to induce any further increase in membranes from the latter animals. Vice versa, beta carbolines (FG 7142, beta-CCE, DMCM) added to membranes from habituated rats lowered GABA binding to the level of naive animals, but caused no further decrease in the membranes from this last group. Diazepam removed the effect of beta-carbolines in membranes from habituated rats. It is suggested that handling represents a stressful stimulus for naive animals and that stress lowers GABA binding by releasing an endogenous ligand for benzodiazepine receptors possessing similar properties to beta-carbolines. Finally, the results indicate that the emotional status of animals from which brain tissue is obtained should be considered when connections between GABA and benzodiazepine receptors are studied. PMID- 6547631 TI - Non-cholinergic neurotoxic effects of AF64A in the substantia nigra. AB - Ethylcholine aziridinium ion (AF64A), a putative specific cholinergic neurotoxin, was unilaterally injected into the substantia nigra of male rats. One week following injection, rats that were challenged with apomorphine exhibited ipsilateral circling behavior. After two weeks, rats were sacrificed and corpus striatum and combined n. accumbens plus o. tubercle were assayed for dopamine. Striatal dopamine levels were depleted by 50%. Histological examination showed that AF64A caused extensive damage at the injection site. These data indicate that injection of AF64A into the substantia nigra can result in damage to dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 6547632 TI - Effects of dihydroergotamine on hemodynamic molsidomine actions in anesthetized dogs. AB - In pentobarbital-anesthetized mongrel dogs the intravenous actions of 0.50 mg/kg molsidomine on pulmonary artery and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressures and internal heart dimensions (preload), left ventricular systolic and peripheral blood pressures, and total peripheral resistance (afterload), as well as on heart rate, dP/dt, stroke volume, and cardiac output (heart performance) were studied for 2 h. Hemodynamic molsidomine effects were influenced by increasing amounts of intravenously infused dihydroergotamine solution (DHE, 1-64 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1). Molsidomine decreased preload, stroke volume, and cardiac output for over 2 h but decreased ventricular and peripheral pressures for 45 min. Systemic vascular resistance showed a tendency to decrease while heart rate and LV dP/dtmax were not altered. DHE infusion reversed molsidomine effects on the preload and afterload of the heart. The diminished stroke volume was elevated so that cardiac output also increased. Total peripheral resistance increased while heart rate fell in a dose-dependent fashion. The LV dP/dtmax remained unchanged until the highest dose of 64 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 DHE elevated the isovolumic myocardial contractility. These experiments indicate that DHE can reverse the intravenous molsidomine effects on hemodynamics. Most likely, this is mediated through peripheral vasoconstriction of venous capacitance vessels, thereby affecting molsidomine's action on postcapillary beds of the circulation. PMID- 6547633 TI - Northern infant syndrome: a deficiency state? AB - A syndrome is described that affected 16 Indian and Inuit infants roughly 3 months old, most of whom were born in settlements in the Canadian Arctic. The infants presented with a clinical picture that included hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, rickets and respiratory distress, a combination that resembled a syndrome first described in malnourished infants at the turn of the century by von Jaksch and Luzet. The clinical course was self-limited, and all the infants survived without sequelae. The cause of the syndrome was not determined; no infectious agents were discovered. However, low levels of vitamins A, C, D and E were found in a few infants in whom assays were done. The implications of these findings and their relation to the possible cause of this "northern infant syndrome" are discussed. PMID- 6547634 TI - Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the duodenum. Case report and literature review. AB - A case of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the duodenum is presented. A review of the English literature documented 95 cases, and the presenting signs, symptoms, and radiographic findings have been abstracted. Attention is also drawn to the treatment of 27 cases, 11 of which (41%) survived for 2 or more years. Ten of the 11 long-term survivors were treated with radiotherapy with or without resection, whereas only one long-term survivor was treated by surgery alone. PMID- 6547635 TI - Synthesis, antitumor activity, and DNA binding properties of a new derivative of amsacrine, N-5-dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfonylamino) phenylamino]-4 acridinecarboxamide. AB - The 4-(N-methylcarboxamido)-5-methyl derivative of amsacrine (NSC 249 992) has been synthesized as part of a program aimed at optimizing solid tumor activity in this series. Physicochemical studies of this analogue (N-5-dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy 4-methylsulfonylamino) phenylamino]-4-acridinecarboxamide; NSC 343 499) indicate a slightly increased lipophilicity (estimated log p = 1.10), a decreased acridine base strength (pKa 6.40), and a 16-fold-higher association constant for double stranded calf thymus DNA (Ka 2.1 X 10(6) M-1 at 0.01 ionic strength). Like amsacrine, the drug binds to DNA by intercalation. Inhibition of cell growth has been monitored by continuous drug exposure assays with a variety of rodent and human cell lines. The concentration for 50% inhibition varied from 6.7 nM (T-47D, a human breast carcinoma line) to 800 nM (P388/ADR, a murine cell line resistant to Adriamycin). N-5-Dimethyl-9-[(2-methoxy-4-methylsulfonylamino) phenylamino]-4 acridinecarboxamide was cytotoxic at growth-inhibitory concentrations and also induced cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. It was active against P388 leukemia following administration by p.o., i.v., or i.p. routes, and it was superior to amsacrine, daunorubicin, and Adriamycin. It was curative towards i.v.-injected Lewis lung tumor in a proportion of animals when treatment was started on Day 1 or Day 5 after tumor inoculation. It also produced highly significant life extensions against advanced tumors (treatment starting Day 9 after i.v. inoculation or on Day 8 after s.c. inoculation) and was comparable to cyclophosphamide in its effectiveness. It is a candidate drug for clinical trial. PMID- 6547636 TI - Transport of the antitumor antibiotic Cl-920 into L1210 leukemia cells by the reduced folate carrier system. AB - Cl-920 is a structurally novel antitumor antibiotic which has activity against a wide spectrum of tumor cells in vitro and is curative in L1210 leukemia in vivo. Several lines of evidence indicate that this drug penetrates L1210 cells via the reduced folate carrier system. Reduced folates (100 microM) including leucovorin and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate completely protected L1210 cells from growth inhibition by Cl-920. Protective effects were not observed, however, with folic acid, a compound which is transported by a process distinct from that for reduced folates. Cl-920 was a potent inhibitor of methotrexate influx exhibiting a mixture of competitive and noncompetitive inhibition and having a Ki (slope) of 30.0 microM and a Ki (intercept) of 58.8 microM. The inhibition appeared to be irreversible since, after cells were preincubated with drug, the inhibitory effects persisted after cells were washed in drug-free media. The irreversibility could be eliminated, however, by dithiothreitol, suggesting that Cl-920 may interact with a thiol which is essential to this transport system. Cells made 71 fold resistant to Cl-920 by continuous exposure to increasing concentrations of this drug were 245-fold cross-resistant to methotrexate but were collaterally sensitive to the lipophilic antifolate trimetrexate and contained normal levels of dihydrofolate reductase. This mutant cell line had a severely impaired reduced folate carrier system exhibiting methotrexate influx rates of less than 1% of control cells. Finally, inhibition of methotrexate influx by a number of Cl-920 analogues showed that the intact lactone ring and the presence of the phosphate ester were required for maximum interaction with the carrier system and that the degree of inhibition correlated with relative antitumor potency. These observations are compatible with the concept that Cl-920 utilizes the folate carrier system and could be of fundamental importance for understanding the cytotoxicity and selectivity of Cl-920. PMID- 6547637 TI - Inhibition by a peri-fluorine atom of 1,2-dihydrodiol formation as a basis for the lower tumorigenicity of 12-fluoro-5-methylchrysene than of 5-methylchrysene. AB - 12-Fluoro-5-methylchrysene, which has a fluorine atom at a peri position, is less carcinogenic toward mouse skin than is 5-methylchrysene. To determine the basis for this observation, we identified metabolites of 12-fluoro-5-methylchrysene formed by rat liver in vitro, and used these as standards to study the metabolism of [3H]-12-fluoro-5-methylchrysene in mouse liver in vitro and in mouse epidermis in vivo. Metabolites were identified by their ultraviolet, mass, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, by comparison to synthetic standards, and by chemical transformations. Dihydrodiols, phenols, and hydroxymethyl derivatives of 12 fluoro-5-methylchrysene were characterized. The extents of formation of 1,2 dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-12-fluoro-5-methylchrysene and 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-12 fluoro-5-methylchrysene in mouse liver in vitro were strongly influenced by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, but the ratio of 1,2-dihydrodiol to 7,8 dihydrodiol was lower than in the metabolism of 5-methylchrysene carried out under identical conditions. The major metabolites of [3H]-12-fluoro-5 methylchrysene formed in mouse epidermis, 0.33 to 4 hr after topical application, were 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-12-fluoro-5-methylchrysene and 7-hydroxy-12-fluoro 5-methylchrysene. The ratio of 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxy-12-fluoro-5 methylchrysene to 1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-12-fluoro-5-methylchrysene in mouse epidermis, 2 hr after application of [3H]-12-fluoro-5-methylchrysene, was 68:1, compared to 1:1 for the corresponding dihydrodiols of 5-methylchrysene. These results show that fluorine substitution at the 12-peri position of 5 methylchrysene inhibits formation of the 1,2-dihydrodiol in the adjacent ring. Since the 1,2-dihydrodiol is a major proximate carcinogen of 5-methylchrysene, the results provide an explanation for the relatively low carcinogenicity of 12 fluoro-5-methylchrysene. PMID- 6547638 TI - Sequential continuous infusion with doxorubicin and vinblastine: an effective chemotherapy combination for patients with advanced breast cancer previously treated with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-FU, vincristine, and prednisone. AB - Forty-two patients with metastatic breast carcinoma previously treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU, with or without vincristine or prednisone, were treated at relapse with a sequential combination of doxorubicin and vinblastine given by continuous infusion. Two patients achieved complete remission and 16 achieved partial remission for a total response rate of 43%. The median time to progression for responders and patients with stable disease was 10 and 4 months, respectively. Neutropenia was the major toxic effect but did not lead to any fatality. PMID- 6547639 TI - QT interval prolongation and cardiac dysrhythmia in a patient receiving amsacrine. PMID- 6547640 TI - Phase II trial of amsacrine in children with advanced metastatic neuroblastoma. PMID- 6547641 TI - Effects of newly synthesised platinum(ii) complexes on mitochondrial functions. PMID- 6547642 TI - Identification of a nitrosamino aldehyde and a nitrosamino acid resulting from beta-oxidation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine. AB - N-nitrosodiethanolamine is converted to N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N (formylmethyl)nitrosamine (EFMN) and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-carboxymethyl) nitrosamine (ECMN) by rat S9 liver preparation as a result of beta-oxidation. The beta-oxidized metabolites were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) by comparison with authentic standards. An original gas chromatographic method with thermal energy detection was set up to measure both metabolites quantitatively. Under the experimental conditions described, when NAD+ was used as cofactor, about 1% of N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) was converted to EFMN and about half of the latter product was in turn converted to ECMN. The beta-nitrosamino aldehyde seems to transfer the nitroso moiety to other amino-compounds, even at physiological pH. The significance of the metabolic formation of EFMN in relation to the carcinogenicity of NDELA is discussed. PMID- 6547643 TI - Morphine metabolism revisited. II. Isolation and chemical characterization of a glutathionylmorphine adduct from rat liver microsomal preparations. AB - Incubation of tritium-labeled morphine and cold glutathione (GSH) or cold morphine and tritiated GSH with liver microsomal preparations obtained from phenobarbital-treated rats led to the identification by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of a glutathionylmorphine adduct. Liquid secondary ion mass spectral analysis established the molecular weight of the metabolite to be 590 which corresponds to the mass of a mono-GSH-morphine adduct. High resolution (360 and 500 MHz) 1H-NMR experiments have led to the tentative assignment of the structure of this metabolite as 10-alpha-S-glutathionylmorphine. Based on both in vivo and in vitro data, the formation of this product appears to be mediated by cytochrome P-450 and to involve a reactive intermediate that may be responsible for the observed covalent binding of radiolabeled morphine to proteins and, at least in part, for the morphine-induced depletion of GSH in the rat. PMID- 6547644 TI - Structural properties of a monobrominated analog of 1, 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine. AB - Hydrated multibilayers of 1-palmitoyl-2-monobromopalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine (BrDPPC), where the 2-chain is brominated at either the C-9 or C-10 position, have been studied by low and wide angle X-ray diffraction methods. Oriented and unoriented samples were investigated. The long spacing was observed over the temperature interval -15 degrees C to 80 degrees C. A monotonic increase from approx. 50 A to approx. 62 A (28 wt. % H2O) occurred with decreasing temperature. The BrDPPC showed no evidence of a sharp gel-to-liquid crystal phase transition. Wide angle scattering showed a diffuse peak corresponding to (4.5 A) 1. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements for hydrated liposomes (50 wt. % H2O) also showed no evidence for a phase transition (-40 less than or equal to T less than or equal to 60 degrees C). These results suggest a low temperature amorphous (glass) state for the acyl side chains of BrDPPC. Monolayer film properties of monobrominated stearic acid also reflect a chain disordering effect occurring upon midchain substitution. PMID- 6547645 TI - [One complication can mask another: chance discovery of a rare lesion during screening for arthritis of the hip]. AB - The authors report the case of a new born baby in whom at the fourth day of life, a severe hypocalcemia was discovered. An umbilical arterial catheterization was performed. The evolution was characterized by a staphylococcic septicemia with hip arthritis and partial immune deficit. The mid term survey of the joint status, allowed the unexpected discovery, during an examination held under general anesthesia, of a probable mycotic aneurysm, by abdominal palpation. The lesion was localized on the right common iliac artery and was successfully treated by resection; arterial continuity was possible without venous patch nor prosthesis. PMID- 6547646 TI - The lack of transformation activity of 9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene related to the absence of modified deoxyribonucleosides in DNA of C3H/10T1/2 cells. AB - Sephadex LH-20 chromatography of DNA digests of C3H/10T1/2 cells treated with [3H]9-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (9-OH-BaP) and [14C]BaP-7,8-diol showed: (i) the presence only of uncharacterized 3H radioactivity eluted in the early portion of the gradient; [3H]9-OH-BaP-4,5-oxide-modified deoxyribonucleosides were not observed. (ii) The total amount of [14C]-labelled radioactivity corresponded to nucleoside moieties which were modified by anti- and syn-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide. The absence of nucleosides modified by 9-OH-BaP-4,5-oxide in C3H/10T1/2 cells observed in this study may account in part for the relative resistance of these cells to the mutagenic and transforming action of 9-OH-BaP. PMID- 6547647 TI - The effect of radioiodine and antithyroid drugs on serum long acting thyroid stimulator protector (IATS-P). A three year prospective study. AB - Over a three year period we have studied the effect of either a one year course of Carbimazole or a single dose of radioiodine in a group of 46 patients with Graves' disease. Initially, in untreated patients LATS-P was present in 39 (85%) but at the end of the study was only detectable in 19 (41%). The clinical outcome in 29 patients initially treated with carbimazole correlated well with changes in serum LATS-P which persisted in 18. Thirteen of these ultimately required radioiodine or sub-total thyroidectomy. With radioiodine two patterns of response were seen, in some LATS-P levels declined, whereas in others transient increases were seen usually during the first year but subsequently fell. There was no difference in clinical response between the two groups. Overall, the study indicates that serum LATS-P is related to the clinical course of Graves' disease but there remains a minority of patients in whom the activity cannot be detected. PMID- 6547648 TI - The introduction of microcomputers into the analysis of office obstetric ultrasound examinations. PMID- 6547649 TI - Biochemical and functional characterization of lymphocytes from a horse with lymphosarcoma and IgM deficiency. AB - Neoplastic lymphocytes from a horse with lymphosarcoma and IgM deficiency were analyzed for ability to grow in culture; surface and cytoplasmic IgM; functional activity in blastogenesis, cytoxicity, and suppressor assays; and activities of six enzymes involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism. The cells lacked surface and cytoplasmic IgM. They had elevated activity of adenosine deaminase and reduced activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Neoplastic cells were nonresponsive in blastogenesis assay and did not kill allogeneic lymphocyte target cells or YAC-1 targets in a lectin-dependent cytotoxicity assay, however, the cells were active in a suppressor assay. They were grown for 16 weeks in cultures supplemented with interleukin 2, during which time the cells retained suppressive activity. These results are consistent with a T cell lymphoma of suppressor cell origin, and may explain the deficiency of IgM observed in some horses with lymphoreticular neoplasms. PMID- 6547650 TI - A computer program for on-line measurement, storage, analysis and retrieval of urodynamic data. AB - A computer program is presented which allows for direct connection of a minicomputer to a urodynamic set-up. The program stores measured pressure and flow data in a random access disc file with minimal intervention of the urodynamicist, and enables the direct application of a number of methods of analysis to the data. The program is modular, and other analysis methods are easily added. Results of analyses are stored in the same disc file, and both results and measured data can be quickly and easily retrieved. The program is written in FORTRAN; hardware-dependent functions (analog input, graphics display, and random access disc storage) are implemented in subroutines (partly assembler) which can easily be replaced. PMID- 6547651 TI - A calculator program for least-squares parameter estimation according to the one compartment kinetic model with zero-order input. AB - A calculator program that performs a nonlinear least-squares fit to data conforming to the one-compartment model with zero-order input is described. The program, which is designed for the Hewlett-Packard HP-41 CV calculator, is based on the Gauss-Newton iterative algorithm as modified by Hartley. A subroutine for calculation of initial parameter estimates is incorporated into the program. Plasma concentration data relative to a single oral dose of a sustained-release theophylline formulation are used to demonstrate the practical application of the program. PMID- 6547652 TI - Medical plan-analysis by computer. AB - The traditional approach to computer-assisted medical decision-making involves designing a computer system which simulates a physician's decision-making process. This paper describes a different approach: Medical Plan-Analysis (MPA). Instead of trying to tell a physician how best to manage a patient, an MPA system critiques a physician's management plan. It is anticipated that this approach may have a number of potential social, medical, and medicolegal advantages. The MPA approach has been implemented in ATTENDING, a system designed using Artificial Intelligence techniques to critique a physician's plan for anesthetic management. PMID- 6547653 TI - Computer model of the metabolism of phenylalanine in normal subjects and in patients with phenylketonuria. AB - The techniques of systems analysis have been applied to the metabolism of phenylalanine in healthy subjects and in phenylketonuria to derive a computer model. The model consists of seven compartments and four biological functions. Enzyme reactions are assumed to obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The computer program is written in FORTRAN. A biological validation of the model has been performed. The computer model has potential value for estimating concentrations of key metabolites in human organs which are not accessible to direct analysis from measurements of metabolites in blood and urine and phenylalanine intake. Such estimates would be helpful in clinical decisions concerning modification or termination of dietary treatment in phenylketonuria. PMID- 6547654 TI - Interactive control of physiological experiments. AB - Physiological and biological experiments often require the imposition of repeated influences on an organ or organic system. Then the experimental protocol requires many repetitive functions with adjustable interval times and magnitudes, which are prepared or dictated by experimental results. To control such an experimental set-up interactively with a small computer we chose a more or less general approach. A special language syntax has been developed for: experiment definition; experiment composition in advance; real-time control during the actual experiment; and registration of the actual protocol parameters. The interactive control was realized using the special language and an interpreter as one of the parallel processes for the experimental control. PMID- 6547655 TI - ELSMOS--an extended least squares modelling system in FORTRAN IV for mini- or micro-computer implementation. AB - A new program ELSMOS has been developed for curve fitting of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. The form is sufficiently general, with user-defined model in a separate FORTRAN subroutine, to permit application in many other areas. The principal features are the use of a user-defined error model for statistically rigorous automatic weighting of data, and the containment of program size to a level that enables mini- or micro-computer implementation. PMID- 6547656 TI - Collection and storage of data for evoked potential studies: a database. AB - A detailed description of a set of programs is presented which is designed for use with subjects tested in a research laboratory primarily with visual evoked potentials (VEPs). It has been written in a way which accommodates other modalities such as brain-stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). It can be used in a clinic or a hospital for collecting patient information, data recordings, and analysis. The programs are implemented on an LSI-11/23 microcomputer and allow for initial subject data entry, entry of data acquired at subsequent visits, data analysis, lists of patient files and data sorts and tabulations. In their present form they are intended to be run by a staff who have little experience with computers and technical skills. PMID- 6547657 TI - Microcomputer control of behavior and the acquisition of digital and analog data. AB - Advances in technology and decreasing costs are enabling microcomputers to displace more traditional devices in the scientific laboratory. The availability of various approaches to software-system development for the use of microcomputers in the on-line control of experiments has contributed to the trend. This report describes a software system developed to control conditioned behavior during schedules of reinforcement while simultaneously accumulating behavioral data and physiological (analog) data using a hardware system base on the Radio Shack TRS-80 Model I microcomputer. The software utilizes a high-level interpretive language (Microsoft BASIC), assembly language and compiled BASIC to attain an acceptable execution speed and ease of programming. PMID- 6547658 TI - A computer program for linear nonparametric and parametric identification of biological data. AB - A computer program package for parametric ad nonparametric linear system identification of both static and dynamic biological data, written for an LSI-11 minicomputer with 28 K of memory, is described. The program has 11 possible commands including an instructional help command. A user can perform nonparametric spectral analysis and estimation of autocorrelation and partial autocorrelation functions of univariate data and estimate nonparametrically the transfer function and possibly an associated noise series of bivariate data. In addition, the commands provide the user the means to derive a parametric autoregressive moving average model for univariate data, to derive a parametric transfer function and noise model for bivariate data, and to perform several model evaluation tests such as pole-zero cancellation, examination of residual whiteness and uncorrelatedness with the input. The program, consisting of a main program and driver subroutine as well as six overlay segments, may be run interactively or automatically. PMID- 6547659 TI - Programming manual for IDENT, a parametric and nonparametric linear systems identification package. PMID- 6547660 TI - User manual for IDENT, a parametric and nonparametric linear systems identification package. PMID- 6547661 TI - Bronchoscopic phototherapy with the neodymium-YAG laser. PMID- 6547662 TI - Principles for safety in application of neodymium-YAG laser in bronchology. AB - The YAG laser is being used more often in cases of nonresectable bronchogenic cancer and in some cases is called on in lieu of surgery for tracheal stenosis. Patient safety hinges first on the endoscopist's technical skill and second on his understanding of the dangers involved in laser therapy. This report is based on experience gleaned from a 1,503 case series of endoscopic YAG laser treatments on 839 patients. These treatments were carried out by seven endoscopists in four teams using exactly the same equipment and techniques. In spite of the use of this high-risk technique in a high-risk patient population comprising a majority of major airways malignancy, the mortality rate was only 0.4 percent (six deaths: all in the postoperative period). We attribute this success to careful screening prior to resection, whenever possible, and above all to our methodology which not only emphasizes prevention but also enables rapid response. PMID- 6547663 TI - Experience with NONMEM: analysis of routine phenytoin clinical pharmacokinetic data. AB - NONMEM, a program package the produces the extended least squares estimates of population parameters for a nonlinear mixed-effect model, has been applied to two data sets from patients routinely receiving phenytoin. A general model for the data is proposed. The models used in previous, standard-method analyses of each data set are compared to the general model using NONMEM. The comparison involves two questions: The first asks whether the parameters estimated previously agree with NONMEM estimates when the original model is used. We find that for fixed effect parameters they generally do, while for interindividual random-effect parameters the previous methods' estimates appear upward biased relative to NONMEM. Second, the original model per se is compared to the general model by comparing the best fit to each. The general model is clearly superior. NONMEM's ability to distinguish among models, and to precisely estimate their parameters from sparse individual data, is illustrated and verified. PMID- 6547664 TI - Experience with NONMEM: analysis of serum concentration data in patients treated with mexiletine and lidocaine. AB - The generality and flexibility of the computer package NONMEM also confront the user with the difficult task of choosing the model which best describes the data at hand. With two practical examples we show how one may proceed in building the population model for serum concentration measurements. Features of NONMEM are presented which help the user to make the choice among different models. PMID- 6547665 TI - Experiences in the application of NONMEM to pharmacokinetic data analysis. AB - Ethical issues arising from the use of patients in medical research have stimulated pharmacokinetic research in population kinetics, which requires only a few concentration samples of each individual. Using historical maprotiline data, the new approach of population kinetics was investigated and compared to individually estimated kinetics. Two different population kinetic methods were applied. The naive approach, a quick and dirty method, was compared to the nonlinear mixed-effects method, which was applied by the NONMEM package. Based on the results we obtained from actual maprotiline data as well as from simulated data, NONMEM is a reasonable tool for the estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters. The main advantage of NONMEM over the naive approach lies in the possibility of obtaining standard deviations of random effects related to the variability between subjects. PMID- 6547666 TI - [Acute dialysis treatment of acute adult respiratory distress syndrome in Mycoplasma infections of the lung]. PMID- 6547667 TI - Evidence for a differential postnatal development of proenkephalin B (= prodynorphin)-derived opioid peptides in the rat hypothalamus. AB - [he concentrations of immunoreactive (ir-) peptides derived from the opioid peptide precursors proenkephalin A (Met-enkephalin), proenkephalin B [dynorphin (DYN)-(1-17), dynorphin-(1-8), dynorphin B, alpha-neoendorphin (alpha-NEO-E), beta-NEO-E] and proopiomelanocortin [beta-endorphin (beta-END)], and of the neurosecretory hormones vasopressin and oxytocin increased between approximately 10-fold and 50-fold from birth to adulthood in the rate hypothalamus. Gel filtration and HPLC analysis of proenkephalin B-derived opioid peptides revealed that in 3-day-old rats the predominant portion of ir-dynorphin-(1-17) and a substantial part of ir-dynorphin B consisted of a high (6000) mol wt species, a common precursor peptide for DYN-(1-17) and DYN B. In adults rats, however, authentic DYN-(1-17) and DYN B were found to be the major ir-forms. The mol wt patterns of ir-DYN-(1-8), ir-alpha-NEO-E and ir-beta-NEO-E did not differ between 3-day-old and adult rats and reflected predominantly the respective authentic opioid peptides. Taking into consideration the developmental changes in the mol wt pattern of ir-DYN-(1-17), authentic DYN-(1-17) was 5 times lower in concentration than DYN-(1-8) in 3-day-old rats, whereas in adults these opioid peptides occurred in equimolar concentrations. These findings suggest that the posttranslational processing of the precursor proenkephalin B changes in the course of postnatal development. Ir-beta-END in the hypothalamus of newborn and adult rats consisted exclusively of beta-END-sized peptides which were not (unlike those in the intermediate pituitary lobe) alpha-N-acetylated. Thus, in the hypothalamus, the enzymatic processing of the opioid peptide precursor proopiomelanocortin to beta-END seems to be fully active at birth, in contrast to that of proenkephalin B. PMID- 6547668 TI - Differential action and secretion of rat placental lactogens. AB - The abilities of the two different mol wt forms of rat placental lactogen (rPL) to maintain luteal steroidogenesis in pregnant rats in the absence of PRL were determined. The two forms of rPL present in day 12 pregnant rat serum were separated by gel chromatography, lyophilized, and reconstituted in a volume of saline equal to the original volume of serum. Rats were injected with 0.4 mg ergocryptine (ECO) on day 6 of pregnancy to suppress PRL and were then treated with a preparation of the large mol wt (LMW) hormone, the small mol wt (SMW) hormone, or both molecules (2 ml/day). Control animals received saline. Twice daily injections of the amount of LMW hormone contained in 1 ml day 12 pregnant rat serum reversed the abortifacient effect of ECO. In contrast, administration of the SMW hormone did not maintain either pregnancy or progesterone levels. Administration of both mol wt forms of rPL was also capable of maintaining luteal function. Sera obtained from day 18 pregnant rats containing only the SMW hormone had no luteotropic activity when administered, yet treatment with sera of day 12 pregnant rats sustained progesterone synthesis and fetal survival after ECO treatment. rPL were measured in the peripheral circulation and in the uterine vein throughout pregnancy by radioreceptor assay (RRA) using particulate membranes from either rabbit mammary gland or rat ovaries. Two peaks of activity were observed in the peripheral circulation by the two RRAs: one between days 11 14 and another between days 17-21, with a decline in activity between days 14-16. In contrast, levels of rPL in the uterine vein remained elevated throughout pregnancy. Concentrations of the LMW placental luteotropin were 5-10 times higher by ovarian RRA (O-RRA) than by mammary gland RRA (MG-RRA) between days 11-13, but concentrations of the SMW placental lactogen were found by the two RRAs to be similar in the later stages of pregnancy. Gel filtration of day 12 pregnant rat serum revealed two peaks of PRL-like activity. The O-RRA detected 19 times more LMW placental luteotropin than did the MG-RRA in the first peak of activity, yet measured equivalent amounts of the SMW placental lactogen in the second peak. Similar to results found in the peripheral circulation, levels of LMW placental luetotropin in the uterine vein measured by MG-RRA were significantly lower than those determined by O-RRA until day 14 of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6547669 TI - Effect of nutritional status on the lung surfactant system: food deprivation and caloric restriction. AB - It has been reported that food deprivation may result in decreased synthesis of lung surfactant phospholipids while the ratio of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine is maintained. To further investigate this effect, rats were deprived of diet for 24, 48, 72, or 96 hr or fed a nutritionally complete but calorie-deficient diet for 48, 96, 144, and 192 hr. The surfactant was separated into extracellular and intracellular fractions, with the remaining lung tissue pooled as a nonsurfactant fraction. The total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and disaturated phosphatidylcholine of each surfactant fraction and the remaining lung tissue were analyzed. The data suggest that on a DNA basis, food and caloric deprivation results temporarily in an altered quantity of pulmonary phospholipids. By 96 hr of fasting or 192 hr of calorie-deficient diet, the pool sizes were replenished and no longer significantly different from the control state. In addition, the distribution of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine was modified in extracellular and intracellular surfactant fractions and in the nonsurfactant tissue fraction. Although the percentage of total phospholipids found as phosphatidylcholine was decreased, the relationship between saturated and unsaturated phosphatidylcholine was preserved in the extracellular surfactant fraction. These results demonstrate that during food and caloric deprivation, the lung quickly adapts to maintain the quality and quantity of surfactant on the alveolar surface. PMID- 6547671 TI - Expression of aldolase isozyme mRNAs in fetal rat liver. AB - The regulation of aldolase isozyme expression during development was studied by measuring the concentrations of mRNAs coding for aldolase A and B subunits in fetal and adult rat liver. Poly(A)-containing RNAs were extracted from livers at various stages of development of fetal rats, and the aldolase A and B subunits in the in vitro translation products of these RNAs were analyzed immunologically. The content of aldolase B mRNA in 14-day fetal liver, measured quantitatively as translational activity, was somewhat smaller than that of aldolase A mRNA; immunologically precipitable aldolase B and A amounted to 0.06% and 0.25% respectively, of the total products. Similar experiments using RNAs from fetuses at later stages, however, showed that aldolase B mRNA increased during development, whereas aldolase A mRNA decreased. In newborn rat liver, aldolase B constituted 0.56% of the total translation products of mRNA, but there was little detectable aldolase A (0.03%). The changes of aldolase mRNA levels were analyzed further by northern blot and dot-blot hybridization experiments using cloned aldolase A and B cDNAs. The content of aldolase B mRNA increased in the fetal stage, and that in newborn rat liver was about 12 times that in 14-day fetal liver. In contrast, the aldolase A mRNA content decreased during gestation and that in newborn rat liver was about one-eighth of that in 14-day fetal liver. These observations suggest that the switch of aldolase isozyme expression in fetal liver is controlled by the levels of the respective mRNAs. PMID- 6547670 TI - The nucleotide sequence of a complete chicken delta-crystallin cDNA. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a full length cDNA of delta-crystallin mRNA from chicken lens has been determined using a delta-crystallin cDNA clone (pB delta 11), which represents the mRNA sequence of 1530 nucleotides from the poly(A) junction but does not contain the 5'-terminal sequence of 44 nucleotides of the mRNA. The 5'-terminal sequence of the mRNA, absent in the cDNA clone, has been determined with a stretch of cDNA sequence by the primer extension procedure. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence is consistent with the amino acid sequences of several tryptic peptides, the total amino acid composition, and the mol. wt. of delta-crystallin estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The computer-assisted analysis predicts high alpha-helical content throughout the polypeptide. Sequence analyses have revealed that gene 1 encodes the mRNA from which the cDNA clone was derived. PMID- 6547672 TI - Enzymatic isomerization and epimerization of D-erythrose 4-phosphate and its quantitative analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. AB - An enzyme preparation from beef liver catalyzed the isomerization and epimerization of D-erythrose 4-phosphate to D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D threose 4-phosphate. The presence of D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D-threose 4 phosphate was demonstrated by several analytical methods. After dephosphorylation, the presence of D-erythrulose and D-threose was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography and an enzymatic method depending upon D-erythrulose reductase. The enzymatic products were also identified and simultaneously quantitated by a new procedure using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Each of three tetroses was distinguished by the combination of the reduction with sodium borodeuteride and the determination of relative intensities of the ion pairs m/z 379 and 380 of sugar tetritol trifluoroacetate. By gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, we observed that D threose 4-phosphate was also converted into D-erythrulose 4-phosphate and D erythrose 4-phosphate. At the equilibrium, about 90% of the tetrose 4-phosphate existed in the form of D-erythrulose 4-phosphate. On the basis of gas chromatography/mass spectrometric evidence together with gas chromatographic and thin-layer chromatographic patterns, it is suggested that the single enzyme of the beef liver catalyzed both reactions of isomerization and epimerization of aldotetrose 4-phosphate. PMID- 6547673 TI - Calmodulin antagonists inhibit activity of myosin light-chain kinase independent of calmodulin. AB - The calmodulin antagonists W-7, trifluoperazine and R24571 in vitro inhibited calmodulin-dependent and independent myosin light chain kinase activity with IC50 values of about 300 microM, 140 microM and 18 microM in the presence of 8 mg/ml myosin light chains. These IC50 values decreased to 15 microM, 6 microM and 2.5 microM when the concentration of myosin light chains was decreased to 0.4 mg/ml in the presence of saturating concentrations of calmodulin. Endogeneous tyrosine fluorescence of myosin light chain measured at 334 nm was quenched concentration dependently by trifluoperazine and R24571. In addition, fluorescence of W-7 measured at 370 nm was quenched concentration dependently by myosin light chains. The quenching of fluorescence which was independent of calcium, suggested that all three compounds bound to myosin light chain. The IC50 values for trifluoperazine obtained from fluorescence quench curves at different concentrations of myosin light chain were almost identical with those obtained under similar conditions from inhibition curves of myosin light chain kinase. These results indicate that 'calmodulin antagonists' inhibit the activity of myosin light chain kinase independent of calmodulin by binding to myosin light chain. The implication of this finding for the interpretation of results obtained in vivo by the use of 'calmodulin antagonists' is discussed. PMID- 6547674 TI - Phase II study of amsacrine in refractory lymphomas. A report of the EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group. AB - Forty-three patients with advanced measurable lymphoma, progressive after conventional therapy, were entered into a phase II study of m-AMSA 90-120 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Five patients were ineligible and response could not be evaluated in four patients. For HD there were two partial responses (14%), lasting 6 and 41 weeks, in 14 evaluable patients. Among 20 evaluable patients with NHDL three (15%) achieved partial remission, but duration of response could not be evaluated. One patient with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma died of infection at 4 weeks, a second with lymphoblastic lymphoma was given high-dose steroids commencing at 6 weeks, and the third patient with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma refused further treatment after one course. Leucopenia was more marked in patients with NHDL (WBC nadir X 10(9)/l, median 2.2, range 0.2 4.3) than in HD (WBC nadir X 10(9)/l, median 2.8, range 0.85-7.2), as was thrombocytopenia. There was one toxic death and one life-threatening infection, both secondary to myelosuppression. Non-haematological toxicity was mild. m-AMSA has marginal activity in previously treated lymphomas and causes considerable myelosuppression. PMID- 6547675 TI - A multivariate analysis of factors affecting survival in patients with high-grade histology non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - One hundred and eleven patients with advanced-stage, high-grade histology non Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied over a 7-yr period and were treated with one form of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify factors which could predict a favourable prognosis. A complete response, low serum LDH and absence of clinical evidence of liver involvement were associated with long-term survival. The presence of 'B' symptoms, bone marrow involvement, low serum albumin and male sex predicted a reduced chance of achieving a complete remission. For those patients who achieved a complete response, the subdivision of histologies, particularly according to the Kiel classification, was the only significant factor predictive of prolonged relapse free and overall survival. This confirms the importance of identifying different histological subgroups of lymphoma when considering treatment planning. PMID- 6547676 TI - [3H]oxotremorine-M binding to membranes prepared from rat brain and heart: evidence for subtypes of muscarinic receptors. AB - [3H]Oxotremorine-M has been used as a ligand to label muscarinic binding sites on membranes prepared from rat fore-brain and heart. In rat brain membranes, two binding sites could be identified: a high affinity low capacity site and a low affinity high capacity site. In contrast, only a high affinity site could be labelled in heart membranes. The potency order of agonists for the high affinity site in brain membranes and heart membranes was the same, suggesting that these binding sites represent the same subtype of muscarinic receptors. However, the affinity of pirenzepine for the brain high affinity site was higher than that for the heart high affinity site suggesting that these sites may represent different receptor populations. The potency order of agonists for the high affinity and low affinity sites in brain membranes were significantly different suggesting that these binding sites represent pharmacologically distinct binding sites. GTP abolished the high affinity sites in heart and brain membranes, but the low affinity site in brain membranes appeared unaffected. These results are consistent with the hypothesis proposing subtypes of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6547677 TI - Phase-locked responses of cochlear nucleus units to electrical stimulation through a cochlear implant. AB - Single cochlear nucleus neurons were found to have phase-locked responses to electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve of frequencies up to at least 12 kHz. Response properties varied with stimulation site, presumably because of differential stimulation of selective parts of cochlear nerve neurons. PMID- 6547679 TI - D-3-Dodecanoyltetradecanoic acid as a constituent of lipid A from the lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. AB - D-3-Dodecanoyltetradecanoic acid has been separated from the lipid A of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and its structure has been established by chromato-mass spectrometry and 13C NMR spectroscopy, by comparison with authentic samples. PMID- 6547678 TI - Onchocerca gibsoni: increase of circulating egg antigen with chemotherapy in bovines. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed to stage-specific surface antigens of Onchocerca gibsoni eggs were used in immunoradiometric assays to detect antigens in the sera of cattle infected with O. gibsoni. Two monoclonal antibodies detected antigens, presumably of egg origin, in sera. The target antigens appeared to be carbohydrate in nature and of variable molecular weights. Significant increases in levels of circulating egg antigens were found after treatment of infected cattle with benzimidazole compounds. These drugs cause disruption of embryogenesis and accelerated loss of worm uterine contents. In contrast, administration of either macrofilaricides or microfilaricides to infected cattle did not alter pretreatment levels of circulating egg antigens. Measurement of changes in levels of circulating antigens by immunoradiometric assays with stage specific monoclonal antibodies provides a new means of assessing the efficacy of drugs and their site of action in onchocerciasis. PMID- 6547680 TI - Morphine eye-drops reduce homatropine induced mydriasis in man. AB - In 7 healthy volunteers 4% morphine eye-drops, when administered to one eye, caused a miosis limited to that eye. In 7 other healthy volunteers morphine was administered into one eye after bilateral instillation of 0.5% homatropine ophthalmic drops; the eye treated with morphine and homatropine showed a mydriasis less intense than the other eye treated only with homatropine. It is suggested that topical morphine locally affects sympathetic function by inhibiting noradrenaline release into the iris neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6547681 TI - Neuropeptide Y in the guinea-pig biliary tract. AB - High concentrations of neuropeptide Y (NPY) have been demonstrated in the gall bladder (16.7 +/- 5.4 pmol/g), cystic duct (25.4 +/- 9.2 pmol/g) and common bile duct (54.7 +/- 11.5 pmol/g) of the guinea-pig using a recently developed radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive NPY containing nerves were demonstrated in all layers of the biliary tree using immunocytochemistry, being particularly dense in the myenteric and mucosal plexuses. PMID- 6547682 TI - [Procedure for fitting pharmacokinetic data: a comparison of programs and the importance of the weight of the data]. PMID- 6547683 TI - Characterization of new enkephalin-containing peptides in the adrenal medulla by immunoblotting. AB - Immunoblotting combined with radioimmunoassays (RIAs) directed specifically towards certain sequences of the proenkephalin molecule has been used to characterize the enkephalin-containing peptides (ECPs) present in the bovine adrenal medulla. Immunoblotting allowed the simultaneous visualization of all ECPs present in a crude extract of this gland. Combining this technique with RIAs we have been able to characterize a new high molecular mass ECP, a 23.3-kDa protein which contains the amino-terminal part of proenkephalin and ends with the sequence of Leu-enkephalin at its carboxy-terminus. PMID- 6547684 TI - [A long-term follow-up study of patients with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis- with special reference to histological findings]. AB - It is generally believed that in the long-term observation of chronic thyroiditis, the goiter decreases in size with thyroid hormone therapy and the thyroid function drops gradually. On the other hand, the histological changes in so-called Hashimoto's thyroiditis have been recognized to show progressive loss of epithelium and increased fibrosis. In this study, goiter size, thyroid function, thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies and histology in needle biopsy were investigated in 75 patients with chronic thyroiditis during an interval of more than ten years. Among 75 cases, 8 (11%) were hypothyroid at the first medical examination. Among 21 cases who received no treatment, 7 (33%) became hypothyroid during the period of more than ten years. Among 54 cases with thyroid hormone therapy, 16 (30%) showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter, but among 21 cases without thyroid hormone therapy only 3 (14%) showed a remarkable reduction. This paper discusses changes in titers of thyroidal antibodies in 47 cases. Among these 47 cases, 21 increased titer of thyroglobulin antibody during the period of more than ten years. 10 (48%) out of these 21 cases showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter. But among 11 cases with a decrease of titer of thyroglobulin antibody, only one (9%) showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter. On the other hand, titer of thyroid microsomal antibody increased in 33 cases. 9 (27%) out of these 33 cases showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter. Only one (13%) of 8 cases, which decreased titer of thyroid microsomal antibody, showed a remarkable reduction in size of goiter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547685 TI - Burnaby's food system focuses on patient needs. PMID- 6547686 TI - Stability of necatorin, a highly mutagenic compound from Lactarius necator mushroom. AB - The mutagenic compound necatorin [7-hydroxycoumaro(5,6-c)cinnoline] was present in fresh Lactarius necator mushrooms at concentrations ranging from 3 to 20 mg/kg. Blanching decreased the concentration of necatorin in the mushrooms to about 25% of the original value. Pure necatorin was shown to be susceptible to decomposition by light, especially at high pH. The destruction of pure necatorin by boiling was most effective at pH 5.0, whereas at the other pH values studied (0.5 and 13.5) necatorin was relatively stable during boiling. PMID- 6547687 TI - Hormones and the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate in man. PMID- 6547688 TI - Senile and postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 6547689 TI - Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency: a preliminary analysis of the gene defect in two independent families. AB - We have used a cDNA clone for human apolipoprotein CII (apo CII) to study the apo CII genes in two independent individuals with familial apo CII deficiency. With all the restriction enzymes so far used, gene fragments hybridising with apo CII cDNA are observed that are indistinguishable from normal samples. This demonstrates that in neither of these individuals is the defect due to a major deletion of DNA in or around the apo CII gene. We have used a common polymorphism of the apo CII gene detected with the enzyme TaqI to follow the inheritance of the gene in the families of these apo CII deficient individuals. The pattern of inheritance that we observe is consistent with the defect causing apo CII deficiency being in, or closely linked to the apo CII structural gene. PMID- 6547691 TI - [Definition of health education. Current status of Italian legislation. Structures foreseen by the law]. PMID- 6547690 TI - Wheat germ agglutinin potentiates uptake of bacteria by murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - Exposure of thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal macrophages to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) increased markedly the uptake of six different bacteria, which have surface receptors for the lectin. Uptake of Staphylococcus aureus H was higher by 3-5-fold, of S. aureus 52A2 by 1.8-fold, of S. aureus 52A5 by 1.7-fold, of S. albus by 2.3-fold, of Shigella flexneri by 6-fold and of Micrococcus luteus by 6.5-fold. Klebsiella pneumoniae, devoid of receptors for WGA, was not phagocytosed following pretreatment of macrophages with the lectin. Pretreatment of the bacteria with the lectin also resulted, in most cases, in an increase in phagocytosis. Interaction of WGA with the macrophages and with the bacteria, as well as the potentiation of phagocytosis, was abolished by tri-N acetylchitotriose, a saccharide that binds specifically to WGA, but not by monosaccharides which do not interact with this lectin. With non-elicited macrophages, enhancement of phagocytosis by WGA was less pronounced, probably because of the higher number of lectin-binding sites (5-fold) on the elicited cells. Peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin, that bind to macrophages but not to the bacteria studied, lack the ability to potentiate phagocytosis. Macrophage surface sugars thus appear to play an important role in phagocytosis by serving as receptors for lectins that form bridges between the macrophages and the microorganisms. PMID- 6547692 TI - [Methodological notes on health education in the area of venereal diseases]. PMID- 6547693 TI - [Survey on the knowledge of the public at large on sexually transmitted diseases in Puglia]. PMID- 6547694 TI - [Knowledge concerning venereal diseases in the Armed Forces]. PMID- 6547695 TI - [Study of a sample of students 16 to 20 years of age]. PMID- 6547696 TI - [Proposal of 3 questionnaires]. PMID- 6547697 TI - [Activities of the Antivenereal Center of Milan in the field of health education]. PMID- 6547698 TI - [Formative and informative programs for medical students, physicians and health personnel]. PMID- 6547699 TI - Preliminary pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciramadol in humans. AB - Plasma concentrations of ciramadol were measured after intravenous administration of 30 mg in 8 healthy volunteers. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with U.V.-detection for simultaneous determination of the substance and of its desmethyl metabolite was developed. The disposition of the drug in these volunteers could be described by a two-compartment open model. Distribution volume was on average 561, elimination half-life 3.85 hours and mean body clearance 154 ml/min. Desmethylciramadol was not detected in the plasma. PMID- 6547700 TI - Monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6547701 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in complex materials using N-m-TMBHA and thiocyanate. AB - Vanadium(V) reacts with N-m-Tolyl-p-methoxy benzohydroxamic acid to form 1:2 (metal to ligand) complex containing a basic V = O group and an acidic V-OH group, which forms addition compounds with thiocyanate to give a hyper and bathochromic effect in chloroform. On the basis of this bathochromic effect of thiocyanate a rapid, selective and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of vanadium(V) has been developed. The blue coloured complex of vanadium(V) is extractable in chloroform having absorption maxima at 580 nm and max 7100 +/- 50 1 X mole-1 cm-1. The method is free from interferences of Mo(VI), W(VI), Zr(IV) and has been successfully applied for the analysis of steels and other complex materials. PMID- 6547702 TI - Composite lymphoma: a case report. PMID- 6547703 TI - Protein C: a new plasma protein related to postoperative hypercoagulability. AB - Protein C is a vitamin-K dependent plasma protein, whose activation is catalyzed by alpha-thrombin. Unlike vitamin-K dependent coagulation factors, activated Protein C is an anticoagulant enzyme. Purpose of the present study was to evaluate the pathophysiology of Protein C in patients undergoing minor and major elective surgery. A third group of patients were operated for cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Protein C levels have significantly decreased in all patients in third postoperative day, while this decrease occurred since the first postoperative day in the case of cancer patients. This suggests that Protein C is consumed after surgery in its anticoagulant and profibrinolytic activity. The acquired Protein C deficiency may be related to postoperative hypercoagulability and increased risk of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 6547704 TI - [Cephalosporin allergy and cephalosporin-penicillin cross allergies with special reference to venereologic therapy of severe anaphylactic reactions]. AB - The newer cephalosporins are gaining more and more importance in antimicrobial chemotherapy. This also applies to venereology. Yet before widespread use, their potential for anaphylactic reactions must be defined, as they are not uncommon with penicillin. In fact, the first cephalosporins shared this drawback with penicillin. According to the experimental and clinical data available, the newer cephalosporins, however, should not give rise to severe allergic reactions of the immediate type. This at least holds true for individuals without a history of allergy to beta-lactam-antibiotics but, in fact, not even they should be endangered. This, however, still needs further confirmation. PMID- 6547705 TI - Assessment and prediction of visual acuity in 3- to 4-year-old children born prior to term. AB - Previous studies of school-age children born prior to term indicate that they often have visual acuity that is slightly poorer than normal. However, visual acuity results for preschool-age preterm children have not been reported. In this study, we used the operant preferential looking procedure to measure the visual acuities of 23 3- to 4-year-old preterm children. The results indicated that, although many of the children had acuities within the normal range, the average acuity of the preterm children was slightly poorer than that of full-term children of the same age, even when children with significant refractive errors were eliminated from the sample. Neither birthweight, gestational age at birth, nor the presence of respiratory distress syndrome during infancy were predictive of later visual acuity. However, preferential looking acuity screening at 4 months corrected age did have some predictive value, in that 3 of the 4 infants who failed to complete testing at 4 months showed poor performance at 3 to 4 years of age. PMID- 6547706 TI - Medical historiography: its place in osteopathic medicine. Part I. Early background and significance in medical education. PMID- 6547707 TI - Medical historiography: its place in osteopathic medicine. Part II. Current status in osteopathic medical curricula and suggestions for consideration. PMID- 6547708 TI - Ambulatory care medical education: a review. PMID- 6547709 TI - Action of the antibiotics of the iturin group on artificial membranes. AB - The action of iturin A and bacillomycin L on vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and DPPC-cholesterol was studied. Iturin A destroyed the vesicles, bacillomycin L bound with DPPC vesicles and destroyed vesicles containing DPPC and cholesterol. These results are discussed in comparison with the action of antibiotics of the iturin group on cytoplasmic membranes. PMID- 6547710 TI - Ascamycin and dealanylascamycin, nucleoside antibiotics from Streptomyces sp. PMID- 6547711 TI - A new antitumor antibiotic, dioxolamycin. PMID- 6547712 TI - Unit responses at cochlear nucleus to electrical stimulation through a cochlear prosthesis. AB - Afferent auditory fibers of the guinea pig cochlea were electrically stimulated with current introduced through electrodes in the scala tympani. Thresholds were determined for unit responses recorded in the ventral cochlear nuclei to a sinusoid of 98 Hz from response-rate growth functions versus stimulus intensity. Suprathreshold response rates for most units grew rapidly from threshold to saturation at 2-15 dB above threshold. Peristimulus time histograms were collected for responses to single sinusoids and combinations of two and five sinusoids ranging from 86 to 134 Hz. Spike occurrences were highly synchronous with individual cycles of the pure sinusoids, but responses to the more complex waveforms occurred primarily to the more intense peaks. The amplitude envelope was thus a major contributor to responses to multiple sinusoids. Destruction of cochlear structures with neomycin increased unit thresholds and produced some changes in waveform encoding. PMID- 6547713 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric detection and quantitation of lincomycin in animal feedingstuffs. AB - A substantially improved assay was developed for lincomycin A in animal feedingstuffs. The assay allows unambiguous quantitation of at least 0.1 ppm in feed. Lincomycin B did not interfere because of differences in both retention time and mass of the main fragment ion in electron impact (EI) spectra. The assay using single ion monitoring with EI detection would not discriminate between lincomycin A and clindamycin. The presence of the latter was easily confirmed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the chemical ionization mode. The assay for lincomycin A was linear in the range 0-40 ng applied to the gas chromatographic column. The recovery was 93.4 +/- 4.2% at 1 and 5 ppm and 86.2 +/ 5.5% at 0.1 ppm in feed. The coefficient of variation of the assay was 4.8% at both 1 and 5 ppm, and was 6.43% at 0.1 ppm. PMID- 6547714 TI - Hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and ascites. PMID- 6547715 TI - Properties of myosin light chain kinase prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle by an improved method. AB - Myosin light chain kinase was prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle. DEAE Sephadex, calmodulin-Sepharose 4B affinity gel and Ultrogel AcA 34 were used for the purification. It took 3 days for the preparation, and 6.2 mg of myosin light chain kinase was isolated from 600 g of frozen muscle. The molecular weight of the myosin light chain kinase estimated by sedimentation equilibrium analysis was 103,000 +/- 4,100. The isoelectric point was 5.0. Chemical modification of cysteine residues did not affect the catalytic activity, but modification of tyrosine residues diminished the activity. In order to activate myosin light chain kinase, it was necessary to bind calmodulin in an equimolar ratio and the dissociation constant was estimated to be 3.6 nM. The optimum pH for the catalytic activity was 7.5, and the activity was inhibited by NaCl and KCl. In the presence of 2.74 mg/ml myosin light chain and 75 mM KCl, the catalytic activity was found to be 88 s-1. The Vm and Km at 0.14 M KCl were 100 s-1 and 53 microM, respectively, for the isolated light chain as substrate and 70-80 s-1 and 19 microM for myosin as substrate. PMID- 6547716 TI - Induction of mRNA coding for phenobarbital-inducible form of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in rat liver by administration of 1,1-Di(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2 dichloroethylene and phenobarbital. AB - In the preceding paper (Yoshioka, H., et al. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 937-947), we reported that 1,1-di(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloro-ethylene (DDE) induced the phenobarbital (PB)-inducible form of microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450(PB-1) in rat liver. In order to study more precisely the molecular events responsible for the induction of this particular form of cytochrome P-450 by the two chemical compounds, we determined the amounts of the mRNA coding for P-450(PB-1) in the liver of rats given a single dose of PB or DDE. RNA was extracted from the livers of the treated rats and the determination of the specific mRNA was carried out by using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate translation system and by a dot hybridization method using cloned P-450(PB-1) cDNA (Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., et al. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 79, 2793-2797) as the probe. The amounts of P 450(PB-1) mRNA determined by these two methods at various time points of the induction process showed good agreement. These observations further confirmed the induction of an identical form of cytochrome P-450 by DDE and PB. The maximum level of P-450(PB-1) mRNA, which was about 8-fold higher than the control level, was attained at 20-30 h and at 48-72 h after the administration of PB and DDE, respectively. The mRNA level showed a rapid decrease after the peak in the liver of PB-treated rats, but the decrease was much slower with DDE-treated rats. We conclude that DDE had a more persistent inducing effect on the mRNA level than PB, although these two compounds induced an identical form of cytochrome P-450 in the liver microsomes of the animals. PMID- 6547717 TI - Regulation and expression of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I mRNA in developing rat liver and Morris hepatoma 5123D. AB - A cDNA clone complementary to mRNA encoding the precursor (Mr = 165,000) to the rat liver mitochondrial matrix enzyme carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (Mr = 160,000) was employed to compare relative amounts of the messenger in adult and fetal liver and in Morris hepatoma 5123D and 3924A cells. Northern blot analysis gave a size estimate for the messenger of 6,500-6,700 nucleotides. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA levels in 15-day-old fetal liver were less than 10% of adult levels; 5123D cells expressed the messenger at levels about 2-fold higher than normal adult liver, but the messenger was undetectable in 3924A cells. Albumin mRNA was also expressed in the former but not in the latter. Maintaining rats for 5 days on a diet containing 60% casein augmented the relative amount of carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA by about 2-fold, while a protein-free diet resulted in reduced levels of the mRNA (about 50% compared to animals on a normal diet). Finally, the pattern of hybridization of carbamyl phosphate synthetase cDNA to HindIII-digested genomic DNA showed no differences between normal liver and its corresponding hepatoma; however, a HindIII site polymorphism was observed between Buffalo and ACI rats. PMID- 6547718 TI - Tetrahydromethanopterin, a carbon carrier in methanogenesis. AB - Evidence obtained by 13C NMR spectroscopy indicates that tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT) serves as a carbon carrier for C1 units at the methine, methylene, and methyl levels of oxidation. All three derivatives of H4MPT served as substrates for methanogenesis by cell extracts under a hydrogen atmosphere; in each instance, methane evolved at a rate comparable to that obtained when 2 (methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid was used as the substrate. Each C1 derivative of H4MPT stimulated the reduction of CO2 as efficiently as 2 (methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid. High resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry indicated that the product of the spontaneous reaction of formaldehyde with H4MPT was methylene-H4MPT, with the molecular formula C31H45N6O16P. 13C NMR spectroscopy of hexamethylenetetramine, a model compound, suggested that the methylene group in methylene-H4MPT was bound to two nitrogen atoms. Molecular formulas of C31H44N6O16P and C31H47N6O16P were assigned to methenyl-H4MPT+, and methyl-H4MPT, by high resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. 1H NMR spectroscopy of methyl-H4MPT indicated that the methyl group was bound to a nitrogen atom. Sensitivity of each derivative to oxygen was noted. Apparent extinction coefficients of H4MPT and its derivatives were recorded. Evidence for the enzymatic synthesis of methylene-H4MPT from methenyl-H4MPT+ is presented. PMID- 6547719 TI - N-acylkansosamine. A novel N-acylamino sugar from the trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharide antigens of Mycobacterium kansasii. AB - A novel N-acylamino sugar was isolated from the antigenic trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides IV-VII of Mycobacterium kansasii. The native reducing sugar, its O-acetyl derivative, the methylglycoside, the O-acetylated alditol, and the de-N-acylated N-, O-acetylated alditol were all examined by high resolution 1H NMR, 13C NMR, direct probe and gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in both the chemical ionization and electron impact modes, and by high resolution mass spectrometry. The dideoxy sugar had a formula weight of 277, an empirical formula of C12H23NO6, C- and O-methyl substituents, and a N-methoxypropionyl branch. Upon alkaline hydrolysis, methoxypropionic acid was released and shown to correspond to the synthetic compound by gas chromatography and chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectrometry. The structure 4,6-dideoxy-2-O methyl-3-C-methyl-4-(2'-methoxypropionamido)-alpha and beta-L-manno-hexopyranose, with the trivial name N-acylkansosamine, is proposed. The sugar is present in the more polar, highly antigenic lipooligosaccharides and is regarded as exclusive to M. kansasii and as its primary cell wall immunodeterminant. PMID- 6547720 TI - Identification of 2-tetradecylglycidyl coenzyme A as the active form of methyl 2 tetradecylglycidate (methyl palmoxirate) and its characterization as an irreversible, active site-directed inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase A in isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - Methyl-2-tetradecylglycidic acid (MeTDGA) has been hypothesized to inhibit fatty acid oxidation by irreversible, active site-directed inactivation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase A after being converted to TDGA-CoA. Using synthetic TDGA CoA, this hypothesis has been confirmed. Assessing enzyme inhibition in an isolated rat liver mitochondrial system, TDGA-CoA (synthetic or enzyme prepared) was more potent than TDGA or MeTDGA and retained activity in the absence of CoA or Mg2+-ATP. It inhibited palmitoyl-CoA but not palmitoyl carnitine oxidation. Enzyme inactivation was exponential, stereospecific, and fast (t0.5 = 38.5 s with 100 nM (R)-TDGA-CoA). TDGA-CoA was identified as a complexing type irreversible inhibitor (Ki approximately 0.27 microM) by the double reciprocal relationship between the pseudo-first order inactivation rate and its concentration, by the inverse dependence of the second order rate constant on its concentration, and by the independence of the first order rate from the enzyme concentration. Palmitoyl CoA, CoA, and malonyl-CoA protected the enzyme, while L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L carnitine were without effect. [3-14C] TDGA-CoA labeled a protein, Mr = 90,000, with a time course which paralleled that of enzyme inhibition; maximum specific binding was 16 pmol/mg of mitochondrial protein. PMID- 6547721 TI - Dynamic interactions of fluorescently labeled microtubule-associated proteins in living cells. AB - Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) from calf brain were fluorescently labeled with 6-iodoacetamido fluorescein (I-AF). The modified MAPs (especially enriched for MAP2) were fully active in promoting tubulin polymerization in vitro and readily associated with cytoplasmic filaments when microinjected into living cultured cells. Double-labeling experiments indicated that the microinjected AF MAPs were incorporated predominantly, if not exclusively, into cytoplasmic microtubules in untreated cells or paracrystals induced within vinblastine treated cells. Similar results were obtained with different cell types (neuronal, epithelial, and fibroblastic) of diverse origin (man, mouse, chicken, and rat kangaroo). Mobility measurements of the microinjected AF-MAPs using the method of fluorescence-photobleaching recovery (FPR) revealed two populations of AF-MAPs with distinct dynamic properties: One fraction represents the soluble pool of MAPs and is mobile with a diffusion coefficient of D = 3 X 10(-9) cm2/s. The other fraction of MAPs is associated with the microtubules and is essentially immobile on the time scale of FPR experiments. However, it showed slow fluorescence recovery with an apparent half time of approximately 5 min. The slow recovery of fluorescence on defined photobleached microtubules occurred most probably by the incorporation of AF-MAPs from the soluble cytoplasmic pool into the bleached area. The bleached spot on defined microtubules remained essentially immobile during the slow recovery phase. These results suggest that MAPs can associate in vivo with microtubules of diverse cell types and that treadmilling of MAP2-containing microtubules in vivo, if it exists, is slower than 4 micron/h. PMID- 6547723 TI - Effect of altered oligosaccharide structure on the cell surface number, distribution and turnover of the high molecular weight acidic glycoproteins of CHO cells. AB - The influence of altered carbohydrate structure on the surface number, distribution and turnover of plasma membrane glycoproteins has been studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by comparing three lines that are resistant to the cytotoxic effects of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) with parental CHO cells. The glycoproteins investigated were members of a group of high molecular weight acidic glycoproteins (HMWAG). On parental cells these represent the major surface components that become labelled by lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination. They are the only plasma membrane glycoproteins that bind WGA. The mutant lines also possess iodinatable surface polypeptides of high molecular weight, but these were less acidic and electrophoretically less diffuse than those from parental cells. These polypeptides in general did not bind [125I]WGA when two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels were overlaid with iodinated lectin. Mutant cells treated with fluorescein-conjugated WGA showed low surface fluorescence. However, the nuclear envelope and a small region in the perinuclear zone fluoresced strongly. Together, these results confirm that the surface glycoproteins of mutant cells had altered carbohydrate structure. Mouse antiserum prepared against the HMWAG, however, bound equally effectively to the mutant lines as to the parental lines. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments showed that the HMWAG had a fairly uniform distribution over the surface, and that internalization induced by second antibody occurred at a similar rate and in a similar manner in all lines, including the mutants. Electron microscopic observations using immunoperoxidase procedures confirmed the similarities in glycoprotein distribution on mutant and parental cells. Two mouse monoclonal antibodies raised against the HMWAG also revealed no difference in the number or topography of surface glycoproteins. Finally, the half-lives of several HMWAG in a parental and a mutant line (15B) maintained on low-serum medium were compared by means of a 125I/131I double-label technique. Half-lives of HMWAG from the former averaged 12 h and from the latter 11 h. It is concluded that the lack of complex termini on oligosaccharides of this particular group of CHO plasma membrane glycoproteins has no effect on their number, distribution or turnover. PMID- 6547722 TI - Estrogen stimulates the transient association of calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase with the chicken liver nuclear matrix. AB - Previous work has demonstrated that estrogen administration to immature chickens results in a rapid but transient increase in nuclear estrogen receptor content, a large portion of which is associated with the nuclear matrix. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether estrogen produced a more generalized change in the protein composition of the nuclear matrix. High-resolution two-dimensional gel analysis of the matrix revealed a very complex protein pattern, but several major qualitative differences were observed after estrogen treatment. To simplify the number of proteins evaluated, we examined the effects of estrogen on a subset of matrix proteins, namely, calmodulin and its binding proteins. Calmodulin was measured by radioimmunoassay and the binding proteins were detected by interaction of 125I-calmodulin with matrix proteins distributed on one dimensional polyacrylamide gels. Calmodulin and two specific Ca2+-dependent calmodulin-binding proteins were found to be associated with matrix preparations. The two binding proteins exhibited apparent Mr of 200,000 and 130,000. The Mr 130,000 protein was identified as myosin light chain kinase on the basis of enzymatic activity and immunoreactivity with a specific antibody to this enzyme. Estrogen treatment of immature chickens did not alter the hepatic content of calmodulin. However, the steroid did result in an enrichment of the proportion of calmodulin and its two binding proteins associated with the nuclear matrix within 4 h after injection. The time course of these changes paralleled those previously documented for estrogen receptor. Taken together, these data are compatible with a role for calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase in the response of chicken liver cells to steroid hormones. PMID- 6547724 TI - Determination of diethylcarbamazine in blood using gas chromatography with alkali flame ionization detection. PMID- 6547725 TI - Assay for catechol-O-methyltransferase in erythrocytes using a new fluorogenic substrate, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)naphtho[1,2-d]thiazole. AB - A highly sensitive method for the assay of catechol-O-methyltransferase in erythrocytes is described, which employs high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. A newly synthesized catechol compound, 2-(3,4 dihydroxyphenyl)naphtho [1,2-d]thiazole is used as a highly fluorogenic substrate for catechol-O-methyltransferase; the m- and p-methylated products formed enzymatically from the substrate under the optimum conditions, after extraction with n-hexane--chloroform, are separated by normal-phase chromatography on LiChrosorb Si 100. The limits of detection for m- and p-methylated products are 3 pmol per assay tube (60 fmol per injection volume of 20 microliter) in each case. The ratio of m- and p-methylated products was 0.54. This method requires as little as 50 microliter of human erythrocytes. PMID- 6547726 TI - The determination of effective antiviral doses using a computer program for sigmoid dose-response curves. AB - A computer program was designed to construct best fit sigmoid dose-response curves for determination of the dose required to reduce the yield of virus by 50%, effective antiviral dose (ED50). A single antiviral agent, 9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine, was examined for effectiveness against four strains of herpes simplex virus type 1. The resulting ED50 values were compared with those obtained by probit analysis. The statistical parameters obtained from sigmoid curve fit program were utilized to evaluate statistical differences between ED50 values for resistant and sensitive virus strains and to evaluate the goodness-of fit of the regression line to the data. In addition, using this analytical method, it was shown that a change in one experimental variable, i.e., multiplicity of infection, in the yield reduction assay significantly affected the apparent ED50 value. The computer program was easily utilized for analysis of data obtained from both plaque reduction and yield reduction assays and generated the parameters necessary for statistical comparison of relative antiviral activity of any antiviral agent. PMID- 6547727 TI - Increased micrococcal nuclease sensitivity and/or solubility in nuclei from Graves' disease thyroid tissue. AB - The sensitivity of nuclei to micrococcal nuclease was compared in thyroid tissue obtained from euthyroid patients with solitary cold nodules and from patients with Graves' disease. A significant increase in the solubility and/or the sensitivity of nuclei to the nuclease was found in thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease. Electrophoretic analysis of DNA in chromatin solubilized by the nuclease revealed that the amount of oligonucleosomal DNA was increased, and that of polynucleosomal DNA was even more increased, in nuclei from Graves' thyroids than in those from normal thyroids. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis in Triton acid-urea showed that the extent of histone acetylation in nuclei from Graves' thyroids was almost the same as in those from normal thyroids. These findings suggest that the state of chromatin organization in Graves' thyroid nuclei is different from that in normal thyroid nuclei and is independent of the extent of histone acetylation. PMID- 6547728 TI - Specific internalization and action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in cultured dermal fibroblasts from patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia. AB - An abnormality in the interaction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25-(OH)2D] with its specific intracellular receptor has been postulated to explain the resistance of patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) to treatment with vitamin D. To investigate this possibility, the specific internalization of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 by suspensions of cultured dermal fibroblasts from six patients with XLH was evaluated. Scatchard analysis of the specific uptake of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 by intact XLH fibroblasts revealed a mean internalization constant (Kin) of 0.72 +/- 0.10 nM (mean +/- SE) and a cellular capacity for hormone (Nmax) of 61.5 +/- 5.4 fmol/mg protein. The Kin and Nmax for XLH cells were similar to the mean values obtained for normal fibroblasts (0.59 nM and 72 fmol/mg protein, respectively) and cells from a patient with acquired hypophosphatemia (0.67 nM and 73 fmol/mg protein, respectively). Conversely, cultured fibroblasts from a patient with vitamin D-dependent rickets type II demonstrated a marked reduction of sterol uptake when compared to that in cells from either a hypophosphatemic or normal host. Neither the affinity nor the capacity of XLH fibroblasts for [3H]1,25 (OH)2D3 was influenced by exposure of proliferating or confluent monolayer cultures to a low phosphate concentration (2.0 mg/dl) in the extracellular medium before or during assay. In addition, the normal responsiveness of cultured fibroblasts from three patients with XLH to 1,25-(OH)2D3 was confirmed by the provocative induction of the cellular 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-24-hydroxylase. These data suggest that 1,25-(OH)2-D3-receptor binding as well as postreceptor events are normal in patients with XLH. PMID- 6547731 TI - Rapid conversion of adolescent MMPI raw scores to T scores using the HP-67 programmable calculator. AB - Used a programmable Hewlett-Packard scientific calculator (HP-67, 97, 41C, 41CV) to rapidly convert raw scores from adolescent MMPI protocols to T scores, scale by scale. The K factor is handled, as needed, automatically. The program is stored on one side of a standard HP magnetic card. The norm data for adolescents (or optionally any other group) in the age groups less than 15, 15, 16, and 17 occupy two sides per sex per age group of eight magnetic data cards. Complete scoring and profiling of the R-form MMPI can be done in less than 10 minutes. PMID- 6547732 TI - Control of larvae of the common cattle grub (Diptera: Oestridae) with animal systemic insecticides. PMID- 6547729 TI - Role of arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II in cardiovascular responses to combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis in conscious dogs. AB - The physiological relationship of increased circulating angiotensin II and vasopressin to circulatory changes during combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis is unclear. To evaluate the role(s) of angiotensin II and vasopressin, seven unanesthetized female mongrel dogs with controlled sodium intake (80 meq/24 h X 4 d) were studied during 40 min of combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis (PaO2, 36 +/- 1 mmHg; PaCO2, 55 +/- 2 mmHg; pH = 7.16 +/- 0.04) under the following conditions: (a) intact state with infusion of vehicles alone; (b) beta-adrenergic blockade with infusion of d,l-propranolol (1.0 mg/kg bolus, 0.5 mg/kg per h); of the vasopressin pressor antagonist d-(CH2)5Tyr(methyl)arginine vasopressin (10 micrograms/kg); and (d) simultaneous vasopressin pressor and angiotensin II inhibition with the additional infusion of 1-sarcosine, 8-alanine angiotensin II (2.0 micrograms/kg per min). The rise in mean arterial pressure during the combined blood-gas derangement with vehicles appeared to be related to increased cardiac output, since total peripheral resistance fell. Beta-adrenergic blockade abolished the fall in total peripheral resistance and diminished the rise in cardiac output during combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis, but the systemic pressor response was unchanged. In addition, the rise in mean arterial pressure during the combined blood-gas derangement was unaltered with vasopressin pressor antagonism alone. In contrast, the simultaneous administration of the vasopressin pressor and angiotensin II inhibitors during combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis resulted in the abrogation of the overall systemic pressor response despite increased cardiac output, owing to a more pronounced fall in total peripheral resistance. Circulating catecholamines were increased during the combined blood-gas derangement with vasopressin pressor and angiotensin II blockade, suggesting that the abolition of the systemic pressor response in the last 30 min of combined hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis was not related to diminished activity of the sympathetic nervous system. These studies show that vasopressin and angiotensin II are major contributors to the systemic pressor response during combined acute hypoxemia and hypercapnic acidosis. PMID- 6547733 TI - Mortality of Culicoides brevitarsis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) fed on cattle treated with ivermectin. PMID- 6547730 TI - Oxygen metabolites stimulate thromboxane production and vasoconstriction in isolated saline-perfused rabbit lungs. AB - Generation of reactive oxygen metabolites, thromboxane increases, and vasoconstriction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute edematous lung injury, such as that seen in patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), but their interactions are unknown. We hypothesized that reactive O2 products would stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism in lungs and that vasoactive products of arachidonate, such as the potent vasoconstrictor thromboxane A2, might then mediate O2-metabolite-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. We found that O2 metabolites generated by injection of purine plus xanthine oxidase caused increases in mean pulmonary artery perfusion pressures (27 +/- 4 mmHg) in isolated perfused lungs. In addition, purine plus xanthine oxidase also caused 30-fold increases in perfusate levels of thromboxane B2 (the stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) compared with only twofold increases in 6-keto-PGF1a (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin). Moreover, prior addition of catalase inhibited both vasoconstriction and the thromboxane B2 production seen in isolated lungs following injection of purine plus xanthine oxidase. Similarly, pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors, either aspirin or indomethacin, also completely blocked thromboxane generation and markedly attenuated pressor responses usually seen after purine plus xanthine oxidase (increase in mean pulmonary artery perfusion pressures, 4.4 +/- 1.5 mmHg). Furthermore, imidazole, a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, also decreased O2 metabolite-induced thromboxane generation and vasoconstriction. These results suggested that thromboxane generation might participate in O2-metabolite-induced vasoconstriction. However, since a significant correlation between thromboxane levels and the degree of vasoconstriction could not be demonstrated, and since addition of superoxide dismutase reduced thromboxane generation but did not affect the intensity of vasoconstriction, it is possible that thromboxane is not the only vasoactive mediator in this model. We conclude that exposing lungs to O2 metabolites results in thromboxane generation and that thromboxane is a major mediator of oxidant-induced vasoconstriction. PMID- 6547734 TI - Speech processing studies using an acoustic model of a multiple-channel cochlear implant. AB - The speech perception of two multiple-channel cochlear implant patients was compared with that of three normally hearing listeners using an acoustic model of the implant for 22 different speech tests. The tests used included a minimal auditory capabilities battery, both closed-set and open-set word and sentence tests, speech tracking and a 12-consonant confusion study using nonsense syllables. The acoustic model represented electrical current pulses by bursts of noise and the effects of different electrodes were represented by using bandpass filters with different center frequencies. All subjects used a speech processor that coded the fundamental voicing frequency of speech as a pulse rate and the second formant frequency of speech as the electrode position in the cochlea, or the center frequency of the bandpass filter. Very good agreement was found for the two groups of subjects, indicating that the acoustic model is a useful tool for the development and evaluation of alternative cochlear implant speech processing strategies. PMID- 6547735 TI - An acoustic model of a multiple-channel cochlear implant. AB - A set of bandpass filtered, pulsed noise stimuli presented to three normally hearing subjects was found to have psychophysical properties similar to those of a set of pulsed electrical stimuli presented to two cochlear implant patients. Identical procedures were used to compare the performances of the two groups of subjects in the following tasks: (a) pulse rate difference limen measurements, (b) pitch scaling for stimuli differing in pulse rate, (c) pitch scaling and categorization of stimuli differing in filter frequency or electrode position, and (d) similarity judgments of stimuli differing in pulse rate and filter frequency or electrode position. By choosing the parameters of the acoustic stimuli appropriately, a high level of agreement between the two sets of results was achieved. Electrical stimuli on electrodes at different sites in the cochlea were matched with pulsed noise passed through bandpass filters with different center frequencies. Matching was achieved for equal electrical and acoustic pulse rates. PMID- 6547736 TI - A probit analysis program for the personal computer. AB - Application software for economical and convenient calculation of median effective doses, confidence limits, potency ratios and slopes of quantal dose response curves using a microcomputer is presented. The PASCAL language program is stored on diskette and it is compatible with many commercially available microcomputer systems. The program will simultaneously calculate the parameters for up to 20 different treatments and a total of 100 doses. Comparisons between the results of calculations of the LD50 of thiopental in mice using the PASCAL program, a modem-accessed commercially available probit analysis program and three, widely accepted manual calculation methods are made. The results of calculations of parallelism and the potency ratio between thiopental and phenobarbital-induced death in mice are shown. PMID- 6547737 TI - Detection and prevalence of UMP synthase deficiency among dairy cattle. AB - A partial deficiency of UMP synthase has been detected in Holstein dairy cattle. Since affected females secrete milk with elevated concentrations of orotate, milk orotate was used to screen for the condition among 880 cows in 17 randomly selected Holstein herds in Illinois. Mean orotate was 85.0 +/- 1.5 microgram/ml milk and 17 cows had milk orotate in excess of 170 micrograms/ml. Including the latter animals, 42 cows were evaluated for erythrocyte UMP synthase and 15 were found to be partially deficient. Thus, at least 1.7 percent of all cows had the condition; this is a minimal estimate because the initial screen was milk orotate and this may be low, particularly early in lactation. Deficient cows had half the level of UMP synthase as normal, nondeficient cows (1.30 +/- 0.06 vs. 2.79 +/- 0.10 units/ml). The binomial classification of deficient versus normal accounted for 72 percent of the variation noted in UMP synthase. Milk orotate was significantly elevated in deficient cows (337.8 +/- 31.3 micrograms/ml), validating its use as a screening device. Urinary orotate also was higher for deficient cows (28.4 +/- 5.2 vs. 9.2 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml) and differentiated the two groups as well as milk orotate. Normal and deficient cows did not differ in milk lactose concentrations. Erythrocyte UMP synthase also was measured in 85 Holstein bulls used for artificial insemination and 6 had low levels of UMP synthase (1.39 +/- 0.19 vs. 2.92 +/- 0.05 units/ml); the binomial classification accounted for 42 percent of the variation. The partially deficient animals identified appear to be heterozygotes for a condition expected to be lethal in the homozygous state. PMID- 6547739 TI - Medical education in Georgia. PMID- 6547738 TI - Role of hydrophilic bile acids and of sterols on cholelithiasis in the hamster. AB - The effect of various dietary additions such as cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, bile acids, and bile acid analogs on gallstone formation was studied in the hamster. Gallstones were formed in 50% of the animals fed a high glucose, fat free diet. Administration of 0.2% cholesterol or 1% beta-sitosterol had no effect on the incidence of gallstones. Ursodeoxycholic acid (0.5%) and its analog ursodeoxy-oxazoline [2-(3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholanyl)-4,4 dimethyl-2- oxazoline] were ineffective in preventing gallstones. Hyodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxy-oxazoline [2-(3 alpha,6 alpha-dihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholanyl) 4,4-dimethyl-2- oxazoline] at the same dosage effectively prevented gallstones, while the trihydroxy bile acid, hyocholic acid, was not effective. Of all the dietary regimens tested, only hyodeoxycholic acid significantly lowered serum cholesterol. The lithogenic diet produced a five-fold increase in hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activity; this activity was not affected by dietary cholesterol or beta sitosterol. Hyodeoxycholic acid and hyocholic acid feeding increased the reductase activity by an additional 50% while the other bile acids had no effect. beta-Sitosterol doubled the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase activity whereas hyodeoxy-oxazoline lowered it. Hyodeoxycholic acid-fed animals had significantly lower cholesterol absorption than the animals on the lithogenic diet alone. Biliary cholesterol content increased dramatically in the animals fed the lithogenic diet and was increased still further by ursodeoxycholic acid, hyodeoxycholic acid, and hyodeoxy-oxazoline. These data show that hyodeoxycholic acid and hyodeoxy-oxazoline do not prevent gallstones by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol synthesis or biliary cholesterol secretion. PMID- 6547740 TI - Alanine uptake and release by sympathetic ganglia of chicken embryos. AB - Uptake and release of alanine were measured in lumbar sympathetic chains excised from embryos of white leghorn chickens, 14-15 days old, and incubated in a modified Eagle's minimum essential medium. In the presence of [U-14C]glucose, glucose carbon accumulated in alanine in the medium at a rate that increased when unlabeled alanine was added and sometimes exceeded the rate of appearance in lactate. When combined with uptake data, the increase in appearance of labeled alanine in the medium could be accounted for quantitatively by interference with its reuptake, without assuming a change in the unidirectional output of labeled alanine, provided allowance was made for the measured properties of exchange between the extracellular space and the surrounding medium. According to this model, the constant unidirectional outflux of labeled alanine was about 50 mumol/g dry weight/h. When [U-14C]alanine was added to medium containing unlabeled glucose, the alanine was consumed at a rate that increased as the concentration of alanine in the medium was elevated. The uptake rate was found to fit a modified Michaelis-Menten equation with a Umax of about 120 mumol/g dry weight/h, a Km of 0.5-1.0 mM, and a Kd of 0.75 ml/g dry weight/h. By chemical measurement of changes in alanine concentration in the medium during incubation, the uptake rate was shown to equal the output rate when about 0.2 mM alanine was present. Much of the alanine consumed in the presence of glucose was metabolized to CO2, raising the total CO2 output above the rate obtained with glucose alone. When alanine was present at a concentration of 10-20 mM, it contributed almost as much carbon to CO2 as did the glucose. A higher percentage of the carbon from alanine was incorporated into tissue constituents than was carbon from either glucose or lactate. It is concluded that alanine can be significant both as a product and as a substrate, but that its role as substrate would not be great at typical concentrations of alanine in blood. PMID- 6547741 TI - Concentration-time course of niridazole and six metabolites in the serum of four Filipinos with Schistosoma japonicum infection. AB - Niridazole and six of its metabolites have been quantitated by high-pressure liquid chromatography in sera of four male Filipino patients with mild Schistosoma japonicum infections given single oral doses of niridazole (15 mg/kg) on two occasions 10 days apart. Of the five oxidative metabolites measured, 4 hydroxyniridazole and 4-ketoniridazole achieved the highest concentrations, reaching peak values of 0.9 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml of serum (mean +/- S.D., n = 4) and 0.7 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml of serum within 1 to 4 hr. 4-Ketoniridazole achieved peak serum levels 1 hr after the other oxidative metabolites in three of four patients and was the predominant metabolite in the serum of all patients 6 to 10 hr after dosing. By 24 hr, both 4-ketoniridazole and 4-hydroxyniridazole had largely disappeared from the serum. Niridazole and three other oxidative metabolites, 4,5-dihydroxyniridazole, 5-hydroxyniridazole and 4,5 dehydroniridazole, appeared within 1 hr in serum but failed to exceed 0.4 microgram/ml; none of these compounds were detected in the 24-hr serum samples. The pharmacokinetic pattern of niridazole and the oxidative metabolites showed marked interindividual variation but was quite reproducible in the same individual studied 10 days later. 1-Thiocarbamoyl-2-imidazolidinone was analyzed in serum samples by a different high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure. This reductive metabolite attained maximal levels of 50 to 150 ng/ml of serum 6 to 12 hr after drug administration and remained at 40% or more of its peak concentration even after 24 hr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547742 TI - Arthrotomy and meniscectomy: day-case procedures. PMID- 6547743 TI - Thumbnail osteopathy. PMID- 6547744 TI - Sexually transmittable diseases and other genital infections during adolescence. PMID- 6547745 TI - Isomeric N-methyl-7-deazaguanines: synthesis, structural assignment, and inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase. AB - The N-methyl isomers of 2-amino-3,7-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one (2a) have been synthesized regiospecifically and their structures assigned. The 3 methyl compound 3 was obtained by alkylation of the parent chromophore 2a with dimethyl sulfate, and the 1-methyl isomer 5b was obtained by condensation of ethyl 2-cyano-4,4-diethoxybutyrate with N-methylguanidine and subsequent cyclization. Methylation of 2-amino-4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (7b), however, with methyl iodide in the presence of 50% NaOH, by phase-transfer techniques, followed by the replacement of halide by hydroxyl, yielded the 7 methyl compound 2b. The N-methyl isomers of 2a were all found to be inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from cow's milk. While the 3-methyl isomer 3 exhibits a Ki of 40 microM, the 7- and 1-isomers show Ki values of 4.5 and 3 microM, respectively. PMID- 6547746 TI - Osteopathic physician location and specialty choice. AB - Physician distribution continues as a major national issue despite the projected oversupply of physicians by 1990. Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine (KCOM) in Kirksville, Missouri, has a high percentage of its graduates going into rural primary care. In this study of physicians who graduated from KCOM from 1930 to 1974, the authors sought to identify the factors influencing physicians to select rural primary care. The size of the physician's hometown, KCOM curricular experiences, and faculty role models were the most important factors influencing a physician to select rural primary care. While these findings are similar to other studies, this is the first to examine osteopathic medicine. PMID- 6547747 TI - Case of the month. Thyroid nodule. PMID- 6547748 TI - [Clinical application of KM 2210 (estradiol-chlorambucil) in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma]. AB - KM 2210, a combination product of 17 beta-estradiol and chlorambucil, was administered to 15 patients with advanced (stage C and D) prostatic carcinoma. We studied the clinical efficacy and the drug concentration in the blood and prostatic tissues. The administered doses were 100 mg or 150 mg p.o., in 2 or 3 divided doses/day (or every other day in a few cases) for periods ranging from 30 to 369 days; the maximum total dose was 42.5 g. Objective clinical responses, according to the criteria by Shida et al., were observed in 6 (40%) patients. Side effects included gastrointestinal symptoms, e.g. loss of appetite or nausea, anemia and leukopenia. No obvious hepatic disorder was observed. PMID- 6547749 TI - [Influence of various food stimuli on serum group 1 pepsinogen (PG 1) level. Comparison with gastric secretory function]. PMID- 6547750 TI - [A comparison of centrifugal and roller pumps. An experimental study]. PMID- 6547751 TI - Three cases of feline lymphosarcoma with formation of multinucleated giant cells. PMID- 6547752 TI - [Malignant lesions of the breast in males]. PMID- 6547753 TI - [Detection of central perceptual decrement in optic neuropathies with computer perimetry (Octopus) and visual evoked potentials]. AB - Contrast sensitivity, as far as tested with pattern-VEPs, and light-difference sensitivity, psychophysically tested with the Octopus in the visual field center, seem to reflect different visual functions, because they are disturbed to a different degree in discrete neuropathies: light-difference sensitivity may be within normal range and a careful numerical analysis is needed in order to find pathologic differences. With VEPs, on the other hand, it is easier to detect a loss of normal neural conduction. PMID- 6547754 TI - [What do glaucomatous visual fields really look like?]. AB - Analysis of the visual fields of 20 glaucoma patients using 229 F2 programmes consisting of 30 degrees long profiles with 1 degree resolution and double measurements of the light sensitivity threshold, revealed that there is a positive correlation between mean loss and mean short-term fluctuations; short term fluctuations tend to be larger with increasing loss of sensitivity. However, small short-term fluctuations were also seen in areas of greatly reduced sensitivity. Analysis of the F2 programmes showed 12 different abnormal patterns. The pattern most frequently found, "increased scatter with normal sensitivity", appears to be the earliest perimetric sign of glaucoma. Progression of the glaucomatous damage produces a "gray area of increased scatter", usually accompanied by reduced sensitivity with a poorly defined lower and upper threshold. PMID- 6547755 TI - [Case of an unusual course of thyrotoxic hepatitis]. PMID- 6547756 TI - Audiologic findings in a child with a single-channel cochlear implant. AB - Audiologic findings in a child who received a single-channel cochlear implant are presented. The measures used were threshold sensitivity to frequency-specific stimuli and results on various subtests from the Test of Auditory Comprehension (Trammel, 1976), the Monosyllable, Trochee, Spondee Test (Erber & Alencewicz, 1976), and the Minimal Auditory Capabilities Battery (Owens, Kessler, Telleen, & Schubert, 1981). The results for the implanted ear indicated uneven change in performance across measures compared to results with conventional amplification prior to receiving the implant. Performance of the implanted ear did not approach performance of the better contralateral ear. Observations by teachers and guardians indicated that there was no apparent change in auditory performance even after the cochlear implant had been worn for 6 months. Overall there was no evidence that the cochlear implant worn for 6 months provided any practical benefit to this child. PMID- 6547757 TI - Comparative evaluation of local hemostatic agents in experimental liver trauma: a study in the rat. AB - The efficacy of gelatin foam, oxidized regenerated cellulose, collagen fleece, and microcrystalline collagen as hemostatic agents was tested after standardized liver trauma in the rat. Experiments were divided into two series. In the first series all the above local hemostatic agents were tested on normal animals. Animals in which surgical gauze was applied to the traumatized surface served as controls. Nontreated animals bled profusely. Microcrystalline collagen and collagen fleece were more effective than gauze. In the second series collagen preparations were tested on animals with hemostatic disorders caused by administration of acetylsalicylic acid, ethanol intoxication, or infusion of bensylpenicillin. Collagen preparations were as effective as gauze in diminishing bleeding time and blood loss after liver trauma. PMID- 6547758 TI - Computer programs as theories in biology. AB - Complex theories in biology may be developed, refined, and tested by the use of computer programmed simulations. The computer is recognized as a powerful tool for theory development; it is, in fact, the only means of thoroughly testing and examining a large and intricate theory. A program as a text is a statement of a theory and when run on the computer it is model of that theory. As the program's behavior is then the major argument for the credibility of a large and complex theory, the program itself is the only irrefutable statement of the theory. Bur programs written in the currently available programming languages tend to be incomprehensible. We argue that the program should be the definitive statement of the theory. In addition, the program plus a series of abstractions is a vehicle for effective communication of complex theories in biology. Several techniques of computer science are borrowed, for the purpose of developing a methodology for abstraction and a language for representing abstractions. The arguments are fully illustrated with a recently published biological theory. PMID- 6547759 TI - An 8-channel neuron recording interface for a microcomputer (Apple II), designed to gather spike occurrence times. AB - A microcomputer interface card is described, using a standard peripheral interface adapter chip, for use in multi-channel extracellular single unit recording. The design is for the Apple II. The card sends an interrupt signal to the processor whenever a pulse arrives to it, and enables the computer to read out which of 8 possible channels brought the pulse and when. PMID- 6547760 TI - A microprocessor-based tissue displacement monitor for in vitro quantification of knee capsule deformation. AB - The advantages of utilizing a microprocessor design kit as a central element in custom laboratory instrumentation are demonstrated in the design of a real-time, multiple point, tissue displacement monitor. The tissue sample to be monitored is submerged in a saline bath, through which perpendicular electric fields are alternately generated. Analog displacement data are generated by differentially amplifying the voltage between each of 4 sense electrodes attached to the tissue surface, and a reference electrode, positioned on the tissue surface central to the sense electrodes. The microprocessor unit is used to control field generation, to multiplex the sensing electrode signals through the analog signal processing electronics, and after analog-to-digital conversion, to scale and interface the digital displacement data to a host processor. PMID- 6547761 TI - Immunoreactivity of serine protease inhibitors: implications for diagnostic methods. PMID- 6547763 TI - State actively working to revamp Board of Medicine. PMID- 6547762 TI - Effect of coumermycin on influenza A virus replicative cycle. AB - Coumermycin A1, a Novobiocin related antibiotic, has been tested in vivo and in vitro for its activity on Influenza A viruses. In a range of concentrations between 3 and 5 micrograms/ml virus production was drastically reduced. The drug was able to inhibit virus release into culture medium also if added up to the sixth hour following infection and its action was reversible within this time. The synthesis of virus induced polypeptides was generally depressed but production of the HA was more deeply inhibited. Viral transcriptase activity in vitro was also affected by the presence of Coumermycin A1 but at doses which seem to high to consider this event as a phenomenon likely to play a role in vivo. It is suggested that the antiviral activity of the drug is mediated by the inhibition of the host cell metabolism. PMID- 6547764 TI - Automated immune profile. AB - A simple means of evaluating the immune function of critically ill patients has been designed. This system uses 22 input data that are derived from an assessment of humoral and cellular immunity and of the various factors known to influence the immune status. The profile allows quantification of the degree of immune depression as well as follow-up of the progression of the immune status. PMID- 6547765 TI - Circumcision and STD. PMID- 6547766 TI - [Correlation between the family anamnesis and lipid profile in children with an exclusively milk diet]. PMID- 6547767 TI - Interaction of a fluorescent acyldicholine with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and acetylcholinesterase. AB - A fluorescent acyldicholine, bis-(choline)N-[4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-7-yl] iminodiprop ionate (BCNI), was synthesized and its capacity to associate with acetylcholinesterase and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor examined. The fluorescent bisquaternary diester competitively inhibits acetylcholinesterase with a Ki of 0.46 microM. Binding is accompanied by a large decrease in BCNI fluorescence and a 40% reduction in enzyme tryptophanyl fluorescence due to spectral overlap between BCNI absorption and the fluorescence emission of tryptophanyl residues on the enzyme. BCNI titrations show a stoichiometry of one site per subunit and a dissociation constant of 0.2 microM. BCNI also inhibits the initial rate of alpha-toxin binding to the membrane-associated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and yields a protection constant (Kp) of 0.26 microM. Prior exposure of BCNI to the receptor increases the affinity of the complex, and after equilibration Kp is found to be 0.11 microM. Fluorescence titrations reveal that BCNI binds with 1:1 stoichiometry to alpha-toxin sites on the receptor with a dissociation constant of 0.22 microM. Agonists and antagonists, but not local anesthetics, compete with BCNI binding. BCNI behaves as a competitive antagonist on receptors from the snake neuromuscular junction and from BC3H-1 cells. The 4 nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole fluorophore in BCNI shows a hypsochromatic shift and an enhancement of quantum yield when bound to the receptor but is quenched when associated with acetylcholinesterase. Thus, despite the similarity in dissociation constants, the fluorophore exists in very different environments when bound to the two proteins. PMID- 6547768 TI - Choice of therapy for Graves' hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6547769 TI - Polymorphism and absence of Leu-enkephalin sequences in proenkephalin genes in Xenopus laevis. AB - The structures of the genes coding for the opioid peptide precursors proopiomelanocortin, proenkephalin (proenkephalin A) and prodynorphin (proenkephalin B), are known for some mammalian species. To gain insight into the evolutionary history of these precursors, we have examined the proenkephalin gene in the South African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, which diverged from the principal line of vertebrate evolution some 350 Myr ago. The human proenkephalin gene consists of four exons, of which the main exon (exon IV) contains all known biologically active peptides--six Met-enkephalin sequences and one Leu-enkephalin sequence. We report here the primary structures of the putative main exons of two proenkephalin genes in X. laevis, each of which codes for seven Met-enkephalin sequences but no Leu-enkephalin, indicating that Met-enkephalin preceded Leu enkephalin in the evolution of the proenkephalin gene. The organization of the main exons of the toad genes is remarkably similar to that of the human gene and conserved regions provide evidence for functionally significant structures. We also detect a polymorphism in one of the toad proenkephalin genes, mapping 1.5 kilobases (kb) 5' of the main exon; it is caused by an insertion/deletion of a 1 kb repetitive sequence which has the characteristics of a transposable element. PMID- 6547771 TI - [The so-called climacterium virile or the male menopause]. PMID- 6547770 TI - Conservation of the sizes for one but not another class of exons in two chick collagen genes. AB - Type III collagen is often found in the same tissues as type I collagen, yet the function and nature of the fibrils formed by the two collagens differ markedly. To understand the evolutionary history of the collagen gene family in more detail, we isolated the gene for type III collagen and compared its structure with that of the gene for alpha 2(I) collagen. This comparison points to a remarkable conservation in the size distribution of the exons coding for the helical part of these two collagen polypeptides: equivalent amino acid segments in the helical domain of each polypeptide are encoded by exons of equal sizes in each gene. This suggests that after the interstitial collagen genes had been duplicated from a common ancestor about 2-5 X 10(8) years ago, no recombinations between these exons were tolerated, although the same recombinational phenomena must have played an important part in shaping the structure of the progenitor for these genes. This fixation of the size distribution of the exons which code for the interstitial collagen helical domains is found despite the persistence in these exons of sequence elements that should have favoured recombinational rearrangements, and contrasts with the variations in the pattern of sizes of some exons coding for the amino and carboxyl propeptides of these collagens. PMID- 6547772 TI - A spirohydantoin derivative of dimethoxytetrahydronaphthalene: an experimental anticonvulsant. AB - A 2-spirohydantoin of 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydronaphthalene was synthesized and purified. The compound, showing structural similarities to both phenytoin and dopamine, was found to decrease spontaneous motor activity of mice and to exert a pronounced protective effect against convulsive seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol). PMID- 6547773 TI - [Chemotherapeutic treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma. Preliminary results of the Piedmont-Liguria Cooperative Group]. PMID- 6547774 TI - Formation of specific amino acid sequences during carbodiimide-mediated condensation of amino acids in aqueous solution, and computer-simulated sequence generation. AB - Carbodiimide-mediated peptide synthesis in aqueous solution has been studied with respect to self-ordering of amino acids. The copolymerisation of amino acids in the presence of glutamic acid or pyroglutamic acid leads to short pyroglutamyl peptides. Without pyroglutamic acid the formation of higher polymers is favoured. The interactions of the amino acids and the peptides, however, are very complex. Therefore, the experimental results are rather difficult to explain. Some of the experimental results, however, can be explained with the aid of computer simulation programs. Regarding only the tripeptide fraction the copolymerisation of pyroGlu, Ala and Leu, as well as the simulated copolymerisation lead to pyroGlu-Ala-Leu as the main reaction product. The amino acid composition of the insoluble peptides formed during the copolymerisation of Ser, Gly, Ala, Val, Phe, Leu and Ile corresponds in part to the computer-simulated copolymerisation data. PMID- 6547775 TI - Response of the cervical factor to combined treatment with clomiphene and ethinyl oestradiol. AB - Combined clomiphene + ethinyl-oestradiol therapy was applied to 103 women with functional infertility. Ovulatory responses were obtained with clomiphene in a number of cases, but no pregnancy ensued. Ethinyl-oestradiol was then administered in low doses together with clomiphene over 3 cycles until the day before the expected date of ovulation. This resulted in a further increase in the number of ovulatory cycles, and one-third of the women had become pregnant. Comparing the two types of treatment on the basis of quality, quantity and sperm penetration of the cervical mucus, low doses of oestradiol were found to affect these parameters favourably. If the treatment is unsuccessful, i.e. if the parameters of mucus or of the conditions of penetration fail to respond, further investigations are required to find out whether a permanent damage to the cervical epithelium or some penetration disorder of immunological origin is responsible for the infertility. PMID- 6547776 TI - A cytological map of the human X chromosome--evidence for non-random recombination. AB - The cytological location of six cloned DNA sequences on the human X chromosome has been determined to a high resolution by direct hybridisation 'in situ' to metaphase chromosomes. Each locus has been identified using clones which also detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms by Southern hybridisation. The six loci identified are spaced along the chromosome from Xp22 to Xq28. By combining data obtained using this powerful sequence localisation technique with that from hybrid cell panels and from family studies, it is possible to compare physical and genetic distances, and to demonstrate that the frequency of reciprocal genetic exchange is not uniform along the chromosome length. PMID- 6547777 TI - Influence of the major histocompatibility complex (H-2) on glucocorticoid stimulated pulmonary surfactant synthesis in two congenic mouse strains. AB - Mice with different histocompatibility alleles in otherwise identical backgrounds (congenic inbred strains of H-2a and H-2b haplotypes), were used to study the possible influence of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) upon glucocorticoid-stimulated pulmonary surfactant synthesis during embryonic and fetal stages of mouse lung development. Pregnant C57BL/10SnJ (H-2b) and congenic B10.A/SnSgJ (H-2a) mice were administered single or consecutive intraperitoneal injections of betamethasone during the period of 14 through 17 days gestation. Assays for incorporation of [3H]choline into total lipid and saturated phosphatidylcholine (an index for pulmonary surfactant synthesis) were conducted, 24 hr following the last treatment, on Days 17 or 18 of gestation. Control mice received injections of phosphate-buffered saline. The H-2 genotype appears to influence the relative responsiveness of glucocorticoid-stimulated surfactant synthesis during fetal lung development. The B10.A strain (H-2a haplotype) was more responsive to glucocorticoid-stimulated pulmonary surfactant synthesis than the H-2b haplotype. Whereas both strains were responsive to glucocorticoid stimulated [3H]choline incorporation into lung surfactant, the differences in responsiveness at specific fetal stages suggest that genes within or closely linked to the H-2 complex might have a role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis during mouse lung development. The results also suggest the possibility that relative susceptibility to congenital pulmonary disorders may be influenced by the H-2 complex. PMID- 6547779 TI - Exercise prescription using the microcomputer. PMID- 6547778 TI - General practitioner surveillance of azatadine maleate/pseudoephedrine sulphate ('Congesteze') for the treatment of upper respiratory tract congestion. AB - A post-marketing, general practitioner surveillance programme involving 12,679 patients with upper respiratory congestion was carried out to assess how well tolerated was symptomatic treatment with a combination oral preparation containing azatadine maleate (1 mg) and pseudoephedrine sulphate (120 mg) given twice daily for up to 15 days. The improvement which patients experienced in the symptoms of sneezing, running nose, stuffy nose, watery eyes and itchy eyes was also evaluated. Analysis of the results showed that 97% of the patients experienced some relief. The incidence of drug-related side-effects was 4% but only 253 (2%) patients discontinued treatment for this reason. The side-effect most frequently reported was drowsiness and this was considered to be probably or possibly due to treatment in 332 (3%) of the patients. PMID- 6547780 TI - Processing of proenkephalin is tissue-specific. AB - Most neuropeptides are synthesized as large precursor proteins. These precursors undergo a maturation process involving several proteolytic events that generate the biologically active peptides. The enzymatic mechanisms underlying this processing are still largely unknown. The processing of the precursor protein proenkephalin was studied in two different bovine tissues, the hypothalamus and adrenal medulla. The high molecular weight enkephalin-containing peptides that accumulate in these two tissues were found to be different, indicating the existence of two processing pathways for this neuropeptide precursor. PMID- 6547781 TI - Graves' disease in association with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura--a case study. PMID- 6547782 TI - Computer-controlled anesthetic delivery system. AB - We designed and tested a computer-controlled syringe pump for the administration of volatile anesthetics into a closed breathing circuit. The system consists of a small computer, a flip-flop circuit, and an automatic syringe pump. The computer was programmed to administer liquid anesthetics according to the square root of time model of anesthetic uptake. A simple electronic flip-flop circuit connected the computer to the syringe pump. Safeguards to prevent accidental anesthetic overdosage and algorithms to provide for dosage changes based on patient response were written into the program. After testing, the system was used to administer anesthetics to ten patients undergoing surgical procedures. The anesthetic uptake deviated from the square root of time model after approximately two hours. The system provided smooth and reliable administration of volatile anesthetics during closed circuit anesthesia. PMID- 6547783 TI - [Preoperative hemosorption and immunocorrection in mechanical jaundice patients]. PMID- 6547784 TI - [Morphological characteristics of the stroma of the goiter-altered thyroid]. PMID- 6547785 TI - Intrathecal hyaluronidase treatment of chronic spinal arachnoiditis of noninfective etiology. AB - Fifteen cases of spinal arachnoiditis of noninfective etiology were treated with intrathecal hyaluronidase. In 10 patients, no obvious cause was evident; in four patients, arachnoiditis was the result of disk prolapse; and in one it followed spinal surgery. Fifteen hundred international units of hyaluronidase was injected intrathecally at intervals of 7-14 days. Four to nine injections (mean, 5.9) were given to each patient, and the patients were observed for 3-30 months (mean, 9.7). The effect of the treatment was assessed by the change in clinical grading from the pretreatment phase to the last examination. Satisfactory improvement was observed in 11 patients (73.3%) and "mild" recovery was observed in three patients. Because of this therapeutic efficacy and lack of serious toxic effects, intrathecally administered hyaluronidase appears to be of value in the management of spinal arachnoiditis. PMID- 6547786 TI - Assay of dermatan sulfate cofactor (heparin cofactor II) activity in human plasma. AB - An assay measuring the thrombin inactivating effect of human plasma in the presence of dermatan sulfate (DS) is described. Test plasma, diluted 1/50, is incubated with human thrombin in the presence of DS. Remaining thrombin is determined with chromogenic substrate 2AcOH . H-D-CHG-Ala-Arg-pNA. Three dilutions of reference plasma suffice and the standard curve is linear. Antithrombin III (AT) exerts a small (3-8%) effect in the assay. When test plasma contains heparin above 0.05 U/ml, this unspecific effect of AT increases, but it may be abolished by antibodies against AT. In a normal material (n = 50), the SD of DS cofactor activity was greater (15%) than that of AT (8.7%). DS cofactor was normal in hereditary AT deficiency and in 15 patients with deep venous thrombosis. In liver cirrhosis and in DIC, both inhibitors were markedly depressed, to similar degrees (r = 0.84). PMID- 6547787 TI - Haemostatic effects of stanozolol in elderly medical patients. PMID- 6547788 TI - Interaction between calcium and cadmium in the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulated rat duodenum. AB - It has been suggested that calcium and cadmium compete for an intestinal transport system that is vitamin D dependent. To further test this hypothesis, the interaction between calcium and cadmium during transport in the duodenum of rat was investigated. Control rats maintained on a diet adequate in vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus were compared to rats on the same diet administered 500 ng of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) 4 hr before transport measurement with everted sacs. Active transport of calcium was evident in control rats and was further stimulated by exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3. Added to mucosal bathing fluid 10 micron cadmium partially inhibited active calcium transport both in controls and in rats receiving 1,25(OH)2D3; 100 microM cadmium completely blocked active transport in both groups. Water transport was also inhibited by 10 and 100 microM cadmium. Cadmium uptake and transport were not affected by 1,25(OH)2D3. The accumulation of cadmium in mucosal tissue was significantly inhibited by 1 mM calcium, but there was no significant effect on uptake or transmural transport. The findings suggest that cadmium and calcium do not interact specifically at a 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent transport site. The interaction between calcium and cadmium in the duodenal mucosa could be related to the action of cadmium in blocking active transport processes. PMID- 6547789 TI - Chromosomal aberrations in V79 cells induced by superoxide radical generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system. AB - The effect of the superoxide radical, generated by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, on chromosomal mutation was examined in Chinese hamster V79 cells. When cells were treated with this system for 1 h in Hanks' solution, the incidence of metaphases with chromosomal aberrations was increased with hypoxanthine at concentrations of 2.5 to 10 micrograms/ml. On the other hand, in Eagle's minimum essential medium (MEM) or MEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, only hypoxanthine at 5 micrograms/ml plus xanthine oxidase induced chromosomal aberrations and higher concentrations of hypoxanthine were cytotoxic to V79 cells. The increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the cytotoxicity of hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase were not affected by superoxide dismutase, but were strongly inhibited by catalase. PMID- 6547790 TI - House design and domestic vectors of disease. PMID- 6547792 TI - [Effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygenation after operations for acute intestinal obstruction]. AB - Positive effects of HBO sessions on indices of central hemodynamics is shown in 34 patients with different forms of acute intestinal obstruction. PMID- 6547791 TI - Plateletapheresis program. II. Computer selection of HLA compatible donors. AB - A rapid, cost-effective data entry and computerized matching system was developed for selection of HLA compatible cytapheresis donors for platelet-alloimmunized patients. The system was user-orientated with a computer-generated prompting system that facilitated program operation. Expansion of the number of compatible donors was achieved by treating splits and crossreactive HLA antigens as identical. By this mechanism, a 500-member donor pool easily supported the needs of a large patient population for single-donor cytapheresis platelets. An average of 3.4 compatible donors per patient was identified. For only two of the 48 (4%) thrombocytopenic recipients was transfusion support from the available donors inadequate to provide a posttransfusion platelet increment. At the end of 7 months, donation frequency for the 441 donors then in the pool averaged 2.0 +/- 2.4. This figure increased to 2.8 +/- 2.4 donations for the 176 panel members who actually underwent cytapheresis. Thus, the impact on donors participating in this program was not excessive. PMID- 6547793 TI - [Dynamics of the serum lipid indices in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, NEFA and phospholipids were studied in the sera, before the treatment, in 45 patients (40 females and 5 males) aged from 14 to 73 with various forms of hyperthyroidism. In 16 of them the studies were repeated about one month after the initiation of the thyreostatic treatment, when the hyperthyroid symptomatics has obviously been controlled. The results obtained about the separate serum lipid indices of the patients were discussed, compared with the data of the control group (n = 14), as well as the role of the low serum HDL-cholesterol and increased triglycerides in the genesis of thyreotoxic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6547794 TI - [2 cases of malignant lymphoma of the small intestine]. PMID- 6547795 TI - [Treatment of breast cancer at the 1st Gynecology Clinic at the University of Vienna]. AB - Since 1979 diagnosis, operative therapy and postoperative treatment and follow-up is performed at the Ist University-Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Vienna. This management brought a close cooperation with radiologists and other oncotherapists. A standard operation method, in our case a modified radical mastectomy with a complete dissection of the axilla after radioisotope marking of the axillary lymph nodes enables us to perform a randomised prospective study of adjuvant therapy. Though the observation time is relatively short, first results show, that metastases or local recurrences were observed only in the non-treated control group. That leads in our opinion to the cautious conclusion, that any form of adjuvant therapy is of therapeutic value. Which form of adjuvant therapy should be qualified best cannot be decided yet because of the too short follow-up period. PMID- 6547796 TI - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle. I. Determination of activity in tissue extracts]. AB - It is to be expected that changes in the subcellular distribution of the mitochondrial enzymes lipoamide dehydrogenase (LIPDH), citrate synthase (CS) and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HADH) in the muscle tissue give information on the type and the extent of damage of mitochondria during storage and treatment of meats; such changes may be also used as basis of methods for the differentiation between fresh and frozen/thawed meat. Standard methods for the determination of the activities of LIPDH, CS, and HADH in tissue extract and muscle press juice are described. The influence of enzyme concentration, pH and temperature on the enzyme activities in muscle extract was investigated. Furthermore the error in the enzyme analyses by the standard methods was determined. PMID- 6547797 TI - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase of skeletal muscle. III. Activity and subcellular distribution in light and dark musculature of cattle, swine and poultry]. AB - The extractable total activities of lipoamide dehydrogenase (LIPDH), citrate synthase (CS), and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HADH) were determined in different muscles (longissimus dorsi, semimembranosus, diaphragma) from cattle and pigs, and in the breast and leg muscles from chicken and ducks. The subcellular distribution of these enzymes was elucidated by determination of the enzyme activities in the pressjuice of the intact muscle tissue. In the muscles of the different species positive correlations between myoglobin content and the activities of the three enzymes were found, which were closer for pigs and chicken than for cattle and ducks. At least 90 percent of the total activity of LIPDH, CS and HADH was located in the mitochondria. PMID- 6547798 TI - [Ultrastructural and biochemical evidence of brain damage by the serum IgG fraction of the blood of schizophrenics]. AB - Using electron microscopic and biochemical studies, the rat brain was examined following the intracisternal administration of IgG obtained from schizophrenics' blood serum. The resultant ultrastructural impairments of the sensorimotor cortex and activation of lipid peroxidation processes were similar to the alterations detected in the brain of the schizophrenic patients. The results suggest that the circulating cerebral antibodies in schizophrenics possess a membranotropic effect and may induce various structural and functional disorders in the central nervous system of these patients. PMID- 6547799 TI - [Comparative analysis of the therapeutic effect of endolumbar insufflation of air and nitrous oxide in patients with epileptic seizures]. AB - A total of 272 patients with epileptic seizures were examined and treated, using pneumoencephalography (PEG). In 185 cases, the cerebral fluid was insufflated with air and in 87 cases with nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide was administered at a faster rate and in larger amounts but the patients tolerated this manipulation much easier. In the nitrous oxide group, the seizures abated in 49 patients (56.32%). In the air group, remission occurred in 45 patients (23.78%). A more prominent therapeutic effect of nitrous oxide was observed in all patients irrespective of either their age or the etiology, character and frequency of epileptic attacks or the EEG and PEG changes. Nitrous oxide is recommended for wide application for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. PMID- 6547800 TI - Effect of CW YAG and argon green lasers on experimentally detached retinas. AB - We evaluated the effects of argon-green (514.5 nm) and CW neodymium YAG (1060 nm) wavelengths on experimentally detached retinas of primates. Neither laser produced damage to the sensory retina of the fovea. The argon green wavelength, which was absorbed by haemoglobin in the vessel or by extravasated red blood cells, created vasospasm and nerve fiber layer damage. The beam of the CW YAG was not absorbed by haemoglobin; therefore, no vasospasm could be produced on experimentally detached retinas. PMID- 6547801 TI - Comparative investigations of auditory perception on selected patients stimulated with extra- or endocochlear electrodes. PMID- 6547802 TI - Ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase in the human thyroid gland under normal and hyperfunctioning conditions. AB - Ultrastructural localization of human thyroid peroxidase in normal and hyperfunctioning states has been studied. Peroxidase activity was visualized ultrastructurally with a cytochemical reaction using 0.05% diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride, and hydrogen peroxide with a final concentration of 0.0025%, 0.005%, or 0.01%, respectively, and 2% osmium tetroxide. Reaction product demonstrating the enzyme was clearly observed in cell organelles with a final concentration of hydrogen peroxide at 0.0025% or 0.005%. In the normal portion of thyroid, follicular cells demonstrated the reaction product, located mainly in rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear cisternae and in addition a small amount of the product was found in Golgi cisternae and small vesicles dispersed throughout the subapical cytoplasm. The reaction product significantly increased in amount in the cell organelles described above and in addition, a characteristic heavy deposition of the product was observed at the external surface of the microvilli in the follicular cells of thyroid obtained from the patients with treated Basedow's disease. PMID- 6547803 TI - [The effect of dimethyltrilobine iodide on experimental arrhythmia and its electrophysiological action on myocardium]. PMID- 6547804 TI - [Retinopathy of prematurity in infants with very low birthweight, especially in extreme prematurity]. PMID- 6547805 TI - [Experimental studies on retinopathy of prematurity (V). Platelet aggregation and lipid peroxide in kitten blood after oxygen administration]. PMID- 6547806 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in children. AB - Venereal infections acquired from the mother are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in the newborn. Prepubertal children may be exposed to these diseases through sexual abuse. The clinical pictures often differ from those of adult syndromes. All cases require epidemiologic investigation, precise etiologic identification and full courses of treatment. The list of bacterial, "bacteria-like," fungal, viral, protozoan and parasitic infections is extensive. Pathogens of chief interest are the gonococcus, condyloma acuminatum virus, Treponema pallidum, Trichomonas, herpes simplex virus and Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 6547807 TI - Enhancing the usability of safety software for microcomputers. AB - With the proliferation of microcomputers, increasing effort is being made to write programs dealing with occupational safety and health. So as to assure the widespread use of this material, it is important that it be prepared in a manner easy to use. Ignoring this consideration may cause the potential users to be repelled by it from the start, or that its use will be difficult and error-prone. This article dwells on some of the points that need to be borne in mind when writing such software to make it easy and pleasant to use. Additionally, a project, carried out by the author, is described, which makes use of a free-form program access approach, as opposed to a purely menu-driven one. Two potential extensions of this approach are then described. PMID- 6547808 TI - The tolerance and nutritional value of two microfungal foods in human subjects. AB - The tolerance of human subjects to two microfungal food products was studied in separate double-blind cross-over studies. As an addition to the subject's usual diets, cookies with and without 20 g of a product from Fusarium graminearium were fed to a group of 100 individuals daily. In a second study, cupcakes with and without 10 g of Paecilomyces variotii were given daily to 50 individuals. Mild rashes possibly related to one of the microfungal food products occurred in two individuals fed P variotii. Except for a decrease in serum cholesterol during the F graminearium study, no significant changes were noted in 17 serum constituents. During nutritive value studies, digestibility, biological value, and net protein utilization were calculated for the two microfungal proteins and for milk. The values for milk were 95, 85, and 80%, respectively. The values for F graminearium were 78, 84, and 65%, respectively. For P variotii corresponding figures were 81, 67, and 54%. On the basis of these results both microfungal foods may be deemed safe for human consumption at the levels tested. PMID- 6547809 TI - Nutrient intake and health status of lactovegetarians: chemical analyses of diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. AB - Six middle-aged lactovegetarians (three men and three women) collected copies of four 24-h diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. By chemical analyses, the nutrient composition of the lactovegetarian diet was determined in detail and compared with that of a mixed Swedish diet (normal) and a vegan diet (vegan) studied previously. The nutrient composition of the lactovegetarian diet expressed per 1000 kcal represented an average between normal and vegan diets. It was in closer agreement with Swedish recommended dietary allowances than the normal Swedish diet. Thus, the lactovegetarian diet contained 35% of the energy as fat and was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid, which resulted in a polyunsaturated/saturated fat ratio of 0.6. The lactovegetarian diet had a cholesterol concentration only half of that of a normal diet. Protein content and amino acid composition were well above recommendations. The lactovegetarian diets contained less sucrose than normal and vegan diets, but the sum of the intake of low molecular weight carbohydrates was comparable to normal and vegan diets. Dietary fiber was three times higher than in a normal diet. Essential minerals and trace elements, ie, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Zn, Cu, Se, satisfied current requirements. The intake of vitamin B12 by the lactovegetarians was around 1.4 micrograms daily, which is below the recommendations. The intake of folates was high, 300 to 400 micrograms daily. The clinical and biochemical investigation of the subjects revealed no signs of nutritional deficiency. Their plasma lipoproteins and the blood pressures were low for their age, in agreement with observations made earlier in a group of vegans. PMID- 6547811 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on calcium absorption in the colon of healthy humans. AB - Calcium absorption in patients with short bowel syndrome is significantly higher when the colon is left intact. To study calcium transport in the large bowel, we investigated whether exogenous 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH2)D3] can induce or enhance colonic calcium absorption in healthy subjects ingesting a normal diet. Steady-state colon perfusion studies were performed before and after 1 wk of 1,25(OH)2D3 administration (2 micrograms/day, 10 subjects). Serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentration rose from 23.0 +/- 2.2 to 39.5 +/- 4.3 pg/ml (mean +/- SE, P less than 0.01). In the basal state the mean net movement of calcium was not significantly different from zero when a 5 mM calcium gluconate solution was perfused (100 +/- 84 mumol X h-1 X entire colon secreted-1). Vitamin D administration resulted in a significant change toward calcium absorption (106 +/- 47 mumol X h-1 X entire colon absorbed-1, P less than 0.02). 1,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on colonic magnesium, phosphate, water, and electrolyte movement. This study demonstrates that in healthy humans exogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 can change colonic calcium movement toward absorption. We suspect that similar changes in colonic calcium transport are caused by endogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 when calcium deficiency has occurred in short bowel syndrome. PMID- 6547810 TI - Promotion of vascular patency in dermal burns with ibuprofen. AB - Differences in the vascular response to burn and freeze injuries were investigated as a model for defining the mechanism and cause of vascular occlusion in rats after dermal burns. Concentrations of thromboxane and prostacyclin in wound fluid were elevated in both types of trauma. However, inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin failed to promote vascular patency in burn-injured animals. However, the systemic administration of ibuprofen and imidazole led to increased vascular patency. Ibuprofen promoted vascular patency even when given six hours after burn trauma. These studies indicate that ibuprofen and imidazole promote vascular patency by fostering fibrinolysis rather than by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and release. PMID- 6547812 TI - Effect of aminophylline and caffeine on total and surfactant phospholipid in fetal rabbit lung. AB - Aminophylline treatment of pregnant rabbits for 2 days, beginning at 25.5 days gestation, produced a significant increase in total phospholipid in fetal lung tissue at 27.5 days gestation, 8.92 +/- 0.76 (mean +/- SEM) mg/g wet lung weight, compared with 5.46 +/- 0.83 in saline-injected control animals (p less than 0.005). Three lines of evidence suggest this was not related to the surfactant system: (1) there was no increase in disaturated phosphatidylcholine in fetal lung tissue, (2) there was no increase in total phospholipid harvested by lung lavage after static lung inflation, and (3) there was no change in the lung deflation pressure-volume curve or stability index. Aminophylline treatment produced no acceleration in general anatomic lung development, as reflected in the ratio of lung air-space capacity to lung tissue weight. Under similar experimental conditions, maternal caffeine treatment had no effect on fetal rabbit lungs. PMID- 6547813 TI - Rat lung lavage surfactant enhances bacterial phagocytosis and intracellular killing by alveolar macrophages. AB - We have tested the effect of a preparation of rat lung lavage surfactant (SAM) on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by rat alveolar macrophages (AMs). The SAM was isolated and purified by density gradient centrifugation. It was highly enriched in disaturated phosphatidylcholine, and invariably lowered the surface tension of a clean saline solution to less than 10 dynes/cm at 37 degrees C. We used a radiometric assay to measure phagocytosis as uptake by AMs of 14C phenylalanine labelled staphylococci, and intracellular killing as incorporation of 3H thymidine by viable staphylococci from the lysed AMs. When staphylococci were incubated with 100 to 300 micrograms of SAM, both phagocytosis and intracellular killing efficiency were enhanced. The mean numbers of intracellular staphylococci/AM were 24.3 +/- 3.8 and 18.3 +/- 3.0 in the SAM and control groups, respectively (p less than 0.001). The mean intracellular killing efficiency was 59.6 +/- 6.76% and 39.7 +/- 7.17% in the SAM and control groups, respectively (p less than 0.001). Previous studies have shown that unpurified rat lung lavage fluid enhances intracellular killing of staphylococci by AMs. Our results suggest that SAM may be the active principle in lung lavage fluid that enhances intracellular killing. In addition, in our test system, SAM enhanced staphylococcal phagocytosis by AMs. PMID- 6547814 TI - Nitro analogs of substrates for argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase. AB - The nitro analogs of aspartate and argininosuccinate were synthesized and tested as substrates and inhibitors of argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase, respectively. The Vmax for 3-nitro-2-aminopropionic acid was found to be 60% of the maximal rate of aspartate utilization in the reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase. Only the nitronate form of this substrate, in which the C-3 hydrogen is ionized, was substrate active, indicating a requirement for a negatively charged group at the beta carbon. The V/K of the nitro analog of aspartate was 85% of the value of aspartate after correcting for the percentage of the active nitronate species. The nitro analog of argininosuccinate, N3-(L-1-carboxy-2-nitroethyl)-L-arginine, was a strong competitive inhibitor of argininosuccinate lyase but was not a substrate. The pH dependence of the observed pKi was consistent with the ionized carbon acid (pK = 8.2) in the nitronate configuration as the inhibitory material. The pH independent pKi of 2.7 microM is 20 times smaller than the Km of argininosuccinate at pH 7.5. These results suggest that the tighter binding of the nitro analog relative to the substrate is due to the similarity in structure to a carbanionic intermediate in the reaction pathway. PMID- 6547815 TI - Effects of glucose oligomers on the glycogen levels of isolated hepatocytes. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes appear able to utilize glucose oligomers of the maltose series for the synthesis of glycogen. This utilization is expressed as a stabilization of the glycogen levels during incubation, and also as an incorporation of 14C into glycogen from 14C-labeled glucose polymers. The extent of utilization is only a fraction of that observed with glucose, and it does not appear to be affected by insulin. No extracellular hydrolysis of the polymers seems to be required prior to their uptake by the isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 6547817 TI - [Myasthenia and Basedow's hyperthyroidism]. AB - The authors report an exceptional case of myasthenia gravis associated with Graves' disease. Myasthenia gravis appeared at age 8 years. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed at age 12 1/2 and quickly worsened, with signs of cardiothyrotoxicosis. In addition to the diagnostic difficulties, the immunologic origin seems to be implicated in these diseases. Thymectomy associated with subtotal thyroidectomy was performed, with good results during an 18 months follow-up. PMID- 6547818 TI - Malignant lymphoma associated with hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathyroid hormone level. PMID- 6547816 TI - Role of serotonin in patients with acute respiratory failure. AB - An early event in the evolution of acute respiratory failure (ARF) is thought to be the activation of platelets, their pulmonary entrapment and subsequent release of the smooth muscle constrictor serotonin (5HT). This study tests the thesis that inhibition of 5HT will improve lung function. The etiology of ARF in the 18 study patients was sepsis (N = 10), aspiration (N = 3), pancreatitis (N = 1), embolism (N = 2), and abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery (N = 2). Patients were divided into two groups determined by whether their period of endotracheal intubation was less than or equal to 4 days (early ARF, N = 12) or greater than 4 days (late ARF, N = 6). Transpulmonary platelet counts in the early group showed entrapment of 26,300 +/- 5900 platelets/mm3 in contrast to the late group where there was no entrapment (p less than 0.05). The platelet 5HT levels in the early group were 55 +/- 5 ng/10(9) platelets, values lower than 95 +/- 15 ng/10(9) platelets in the late ARF group (p less than 0.05), and 290 +/- 70 ng/10(9) platelets in normals. The selective 5HT receptor antagonist, ketanserin was given as an intravenous bolus over 3 minutes in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg, followed by a 30 minute infusion of 0.08 mg/kg. During this period mean arterial pressure (MAP) fell from 87 +/- 5 to 74 +/- 6 mmHg (mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.05). One and one-half hours following the start of therapy, MAP returned to baseline. At this time, patients with early ARF showed decreases in: physiologic shunt (Qs/QT) from 26 +/- 3 to 19 +/- 3 (p less than 0.05); peak inspiratory pressure from 35 +/- 2 to 32 +/- 2 cmH2O (p less than 0.05) and in mean pulmonary arterial pressure from 32 +/- 2 to 29 +/- 1 mmHg (p less than 0.05). At 4 hours all changes returned to baseline levels. In early ARF ketanserin did not alter pretreatment values of: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure, 17 +/- 3 mmHg; cardiac index, 2.8 +/- 0.3 L/min X m2; platelet count, 219,000 +/- 45,000/mm3; platelet 5HT, 55 +/- 5 ng/10(9) platelets; plasma 5HT, 142 +/- 21 ng/ml; plasma thromboxane B2, 190 +/- 30 pg/ml; or plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, 40 +/- 10 pg/ml. Ketanserin infusion in patients with late ARF yielded no benefit. In both ARF groups the decreases in QS/QT were inversely related to the duration of intubation (r = 0.70; p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6547819 TI - Parathyroid amyloidosis. PMID- 6547820 TI - Malacoplakia of the uterus. PMID- 6547821 TI - Primary carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter. Evaluation of clinical and pathologic features. AB - Thirty-eight cases of carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter were evaluated for stage, grade, histologic type, location, presence or absence of vascular invasion, abnormalities in the urothelium adjacent to the tumors, clinical appearance, patient survival, and therapeutic intervention. A good correlation between tumor grade and stage was found in the transitional cell carcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas were high-stage tumors and transitional cell carcinomas with prominent squamous components were of a higher stage than "pure" transitional cell carcinomas of the same grade. Vascular invasion was present in only high-grade tumors and the squamous cell carcinomas. The degree of atypia present in the urothelium adjacent to the tumors corresponded with the grade of the tumors. Hematuria, with or without associated flank pain, was the most common initial symptom in patients with these neoplasms. Survival was good in stage A neoplasms but poor in higher-stage neoplasms. Appropriate treatment for these tumors remains controversial. PMID- 6547822 TI - Hypercalcemia and elevated serum parathyroid hormone level in association with rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Pseudohyperparathyroidism to sarcomas is very rare. A 16-year-old boy had a rhabdomyosarcoma and severe hypercalcemia associated with an elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level and osteolytic bone metastases. The four parathyroid glands were normal. Both the hypercalcemia and the serum PTH level responded to chemotherapy. PMID- 6547823 TI - Correlation of estrogen receptor level and lipid staining in breast carcinoma. AB - Intracytoplasmic lipid was demonstrated in 10% or more of the cells in 13 (26%) of 50 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast carcinomas and in four (14.8%) of 27 ER-negative breast carcinomas. Thus, proportionately more positive tumors contained significant amounts of intracytoplasmic lipid. The difference, however, was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the presence of lipid as a test to predict the ER status is not useful because of its low efficiency and predictive value. PMID- 6547824 TI - Electron microscopy of carotid body hyperplasia. AB - Hyperplastic carotid bodies from an 80-year-old woman with sustained systemic hypertension were examined ultrastructurally and compared with those from six normal subjects. Hyperplasia involved both elongated sustentacular and Schwann's cells, both of which were more numerous than normal. They formed concentric whorls around a diminished core of chief cells. The Schwann's cells adopted a peripheral position in each cell cluster, whereas the sustentacular cells were located closer to the central core. The characteristics of both types of cell were similar so that they could not be distinguished from each other in every instance. They were associated with numerous nerve axons with which they usually displayed a simple mesaxonal relationship. The myelin sheaths formed by Schwann's cells were well developed but those encountered in sustentacular cells were usually rudimentary. A few fibroblasts were also present, but generally the process of hyperplasia was not one of fibrosis; neither did it involve pericytes. PMID- 6547825 TI - Eosinophilic cystitis with giant cells. A light microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - We report a case of eosinophilic cystitis. The wall of the urinary bladder was infiltrated by abundant eosinophils, numerous mast cells, neutrophils, and dispersed giant cells. Electron microscopic examination showed that the giant cells were macrophage polykaryocytes. We discuss their possible relationship to an allergic reaction, as well as to the previous use of radiation therapy 23 years ago. Granulomas were not observed. PMID- 6547826 TI - Granulomatous prostatitis with vasculitis. A sequel to transurethral prostatic resection. AB - An 80-year-old patient suffering from prostatism underwent repeated transurethral prostatic resection. Histologic examination of the prostatic tissue that was removed at the time of the second operation disclosed a granuloma with fibrinoid necrosis combined with necrotizing vasculitis. Only four cases of granulomatous prostatitis and vasculitis have been reported in the literature:two were generalized vasculitis, while in the two other instances, the vasculitis was confined to the prostate. We report an additional case of granulomatous prostatitis combined with vasculitis localized in the prostate. PMID- 6547827 TI - Retrorectal cystic hamartoma. Report of three cases, including one with a perirenal component. AB - Retrorectal cystic hamartomas (RCHs) are uncommon lesions of controversial pathogenesis that arise in the presacrococcygeal space. We describe the clinicopathologic features of RCHs from three adult patients. Two were asymptomatic women; the third was a man who had a pelvic abscess. All three specimens were multiloculated cysts lined by squamous, transitional, and glandular epithelium. Poorly organized collections of smooth muscle were present in the surrounding connective tissue, but no well-formed smooth-muscle coat was seen. Although RCHs possess elements of three germ-cell layers, their histologic features are similar to those of the embryonic tailgut. The male patient also had a perirenal mass that was grossly and histologically identical to the RCH. The associated kidney was malrotated. A portion of the embryonic tailgut may have been pulled cephalad by the developing kidney, inhibiting its rotation. Clinicopathologic features distinguish RCH from other retrorectal cystic lesions, including teratoma, dermoid, epidermal cyst, rectal duplication, anal duplication, and anal gland cyst. PMID- 6547828 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver. Report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is a rare pathologic condition that occurs in adults. We report three cases of this condition, including that of an infant with coexisting globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe's disease). The literature on nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is reviewed with emphasis on the role of drugs in the production of this disease. PMID- 6547829 TI - Iron deposits and multiple sclerosis. AB - A recent publication described autopsy samples from five brains in which positive staining for iron was observed as surrounding demyelinated plaques. Because this has not been previously reported, autopsy material from 13 patients who were being followed up at the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Clinic, University Hospital, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, was reviewed. A total of 32 paraffin-embedded blocks containing demyelinated plaques of varying age were sectioned and stained using a standard acid ferrocyanide technique (Peris' test) for iron. Microscopic examination failed to detect the presence of significant positive staining either within or surrounding the areas of demyelination. Positive histochemical staining for iron identifies hemosiderin, the presence of which suggests either iron overload or remote hemorrhage. Support for these two processes in the pathogenesis of MS could not be provided from our material. PMID- 6547830 TI - The new international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6547831 TI - An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. The Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. AB - Because of modern life-support systems capable of keeping tiny premature infants alive, retinopathy of prematurity has recurred. No classification system currently available adequately describes the observations of the disease being made today. A new classification system, the work of 23 ophthalmologists from 11 countries, is presented in an attempt to meet this need. It emphasizes the location and the extent of the disease in the retina as well as its stages. The term "plus" is employed with the stage to denote progressive vascular incompetence. A computer-compatible diagram for recording the results of the examination employing the new classification system is furnished. PMID- 6547832 TI - Experimental iridotomy with the Q-switched neodymium-YAG laser. AB - Iridotomies were performed on pigmented rabbits with a Q-switched ophthalmic neodymium-YAG (Nd-YAG) laser and an argon laser. Because short-pulsed Nd-YAG lasers are effective in performing capsulotomies of the crystalline lens, injury to the underlying lens was evaluated by slit-lamp biomicroscopy at various intervals following the iridotomy, and then lenses were examined in vitro with the use of procion yellow, an extracellular dye. Patent iridotomies were produced with one to two pulse applications of the Nd-YAG laser. Focal areas of pigment deposition on the lens capsule and focal lens capsule opacities underlying the iridotomy site were observed, but no inadvertent capsulotomies occurred. Lens injury could be minimized through optimal focusing and energy selection. Minimal hemorrhage occurred with Nd-YAG laser iridotomy; prior treatment with the argon laser was not necessary to achieve hemostasis. PMID- 6547833 TI - Behavioral patterns of Aplysia fasciata along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. AB - Aplysia fasciata were observed in a number of environments. They were usually aggregated. Animals were occasionally buried in sand. Aplysia were less mobile and more deeply hidden when waves were strong. Aplysia swam only in a calm environment. A wide variety of seaweeds were eaten, but the most common food was Ulva lactuca. Food arousal and satiation occur in the field. Often the pattern of feeding was a gradual slowing down and eventual cessation of eating; however, many meals deviated from this pattern. Appetitive behaviors preceding mating as a male were similar to those preceding eating. Aroused animals mated as males, while passive animals mated as females; mating as a male produced arousal, expressed as an increased likelihood to respond to food or to mate as a male. Two males could simultaneously impregnate one female. Animals mate in large groups, constantly changing partners. Mating groups occur in linear chain, branched chain, and closed chain configurations. Egg laying and egg masses were observed in areas inhabited by animals. Inking was never observed without exprimenter intervention, even when a crab attacked an Aplysia. PMID- 6547834 TI - The influence of glucocorticoid on the fibrinogen messenger RNA content of rat liver in vivo and in hepatocyte suspension culture. AB - The plasma concentration of fibrinogen, one of the major acute-phase proteins produced by the liver, increases during the acute-phase response as a result of enhanced synthesis in liver. Since adrenal-cortical hormones have been thought to have a key role in the regulation of the fibrinogen synthesis, fibrinogen polypeptide mRNA sequences were determined in the present study, by using a specific complementary-DNA probe, in RNA fractions obtained from rat hepatocytes exposed to glucocorticoids in vitro (hepatocyte suspension cultures) and in vivo. Maximal induction of the fibrinogen-polypeptide mRNA (to 400% of the control value) was found in vitro at 0.1 microM-dexamethasone after 9 h of incubation. The same magnitude of induction was obtained with 20 microM-cortisol or 60 microM corticosterone. In contrast with the findings in vitro, no induction of the fibrinogen-polypeptide mRNA was observed in the liver at various times after injection of different doses of glucocorticoids into rats. These results suggest that more complex regulatory mechanisms are involved and that glucocorticoids are not the sole regulatory factors in vivo in the enhanced synthesis of fibrinogen during the acute-phase response. PMID- 6547835 TI - Sheep elastin genes. Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 9.9-kilobase genomic clone. AB - A sheep genomic library containing sheep DNA in the bacteriophage vector Charon 4A was screened for elastin-gene sequences with partially purified, 32P-labelled elastin mRNA (mRNAE). A recombinant containing a 9.9-kb (kilobase) insert was selected from several positive clones by secondary and tertiary screening for further characterization. Positive identification of this elastin clone, designated SE1, was made with radiolabelled mRNAE by hydridization-selected translation and Southern blotting of restriction-enzyme fragments of SE1 DNA. Hybridization of either mRNAE or elastin complementary DNA to restriction fragments of SE1 showed that most of these fragments of SE1 contained elastin coding sequences. Orientation of the insert was established by preferential hybridization of a short complementary elastin DNA to restriction fragments adjacent to the right arm of Charon 4A. Reciprocal hybridizations of nick translated SE1 and sheep genomic DNA on Southern blots showed that two restriction fragments of SE1 contained sequence elements which were repeated at high frequency in a restriction-endonuclease-EcoR1 digest of total sheep genomic DNA. In the accompanying paper [Davidson, Shibahara, Boyd, Mason, Tolstoshev & Crystal (1984) Biochem. J. 220, 653-663], it is shown that a subcloned fragment of this elastin gene quantitatively and specifically hybridized to mRNAE sequences in sheep tissue RNA. Electron microscopy of SE1-mRNAE hybrids indicated the presence of at least seven large R-loops. Measurements of these structures indicated that SE1 is likely to contain less than 2 kb of coding sequence and more than 8 kb of intervening sequence, with an average exon size of 120 base pairs. Thus the elastin gene is distributed over an extended region of the sheep genome and contains numerous intervening and coding sequences. PMID- 6547836 TI - Elastin mRNA levels during foetal development of sheep nuchal ligament and lung. Hybridization to complementary and cloned DNA. AB - Elastin mRNA levels were quantified in sheep nuchal ligament and lung during the latter half of foetal development with elastin-specific cDNA (complementary DNA) probes using both hybridization in solution (saturation analysis) and hybridization on a fixed support (Northern analysis). For the solution hybridization studies, cDNA prepared from nuchal-ligament mRNA was enriched to 65% for elastin sequences by hybridizing it to its template at a R0t (mol X s X litre-1) value that included only the abundant class of mRNA sequences. Hybridization of this probe to RNA extracted from nuchal ligament between 70 and 138 days after conception demonstrated elastin sequences increased about 10-fold (from 0.047 to 0.438% of total RNA). In contrast, lung elastin mRNA levels increased only 3-fold (from 0.009 to 0.022% of total RNA) during the same period. Over this development period these values correspond to increases in the average number of elastin mRNA molecules from 950 to 20 000 molecules/ligament cell and from 130 to 330 molecules/lung cell. For Northern analysis, elastin mRNA was purified from near-term-sheep nuchal ligament on sucrose density gradients. Analysis of the translation products of this elastin mRNA showed that relative elastin precursor synthesis was at least 80% of total [3H]valine incorporation. The Mr of this elastin mRNA, determined by methylmercury-agarose-gel electrophoresis, was approx. 1.25 X 10(6). Northern hybridization of nuchal ligament and lung RNA to a [32P]cDNA probe, transcribed from this sucrose gradient-purified elastin mRNA, confirmed the developmental changes in elastin mRNA levels detected by solution-hybridization techniques. The specificity of this method was confirmed by using a cloned elastin gene fragment. These studies demonstrate that elastin mRNA levels in organs such as nuchal ligament and lung increase with foetal development, but that there are significant differences in the average cellular elastin mRNA content of these two organs. PMID- 6547837 TI - AMP-dependence of the cyanide-insensitive pathway in the respiratory chain of Paramecium tetraurelia. AB - The AMP-dependent stimulation of the cyanide-insensitive respiration of Paramecium mitochondria was investigated. The nucleotides exhibiting a stimulatory effect on the cyanide-insensitive oxidation of pyruvate (+ malate) in a medium supplemented with EDTA or carboxyatractyloside were, in decreasing order of efficiency, AMP, GMP, IMP, UMP and TMP. On the other hand, ADP, ATP and cyclic AMP were ineffective. In the presence of carboxyatractyloside, addition of AMP to Paramecium mitochondria incubated with pyruvate (+malate) led to an increase in membrane potential. In the absence of light, the photoactivable derivative of AMP, 3'-[4-[N-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)amino]butyryl]-AMP (NAP4-AMP) added to Paramecium mitochondria opposed the stimulatory effect of AMP on the cyanide insensitive respiration; the Ki for NAP4-AMP was much lower than the Km for AMP, 0.2 microM compared with 120 microM. The ADP-stimulated respiration was not affected. Photoirradiation of Paramecium mitochondria in the presence of NAP4-AMP resulted in irreversible inhibition of the AMP-stimulated cyanide-insensitive respiration. No effect on the ADP-stimulated respiration was observed. A heatlabile cyanide-insensitive ubiquinol oxidase was extracted from Paramecium mitochondria with the detergent NN-dimethyl-N-(3-laurylamidopropyl)amine oxide. The quinol oxidase activity was slightly stimulated by AMP. PMID- 6547839 TI - Changes in fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels after glucose loading of starved rats. AB - Fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels in freeze-clamped livers of starved rats were 0.5 nmol/g liver. Oral administration of 1 g glucose per kg body weight to starved rats increased glycogen levels from 4 mg/g liver to 13.5 mg/g in 2 hr but did not significantly alter fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels. The low level of this effector is consistent with an active gluconeogenic process and the results support the hypothesis that carbon atoms for glycogen synthesis can be derived from 3-carbon precursors via this pathway, even in the presence of glucose. PMID- 6547838 TI - Implication of a peroxisomal enzyme in the catabolism of glutaryl-CoA. AB - A linear rate of H2O2 production is found when glutaryl-CoA is incubated with liver homogenates. We term this enzyme activity glutaryl-CoA oxidase. Its main characteristics are described and compared with those of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.7) and palmitoyl-CoA oxidase (EC 1.1.3.-). The latter enzyme catalyses the first step of peroxisomal beta-oxidation. Glutaryl-CoA oxidase shares several properties with palmitoyl-CoA oxidase. The activities of both enzymes in mouse liver are increased by feeding the animals with a clofibrate-containing diet. Subcellular fractionation of the liver homogenates on a linear sucrose gradient indicates that glutaryl-CoA oxidase is a peroxisomal enzyme. PMID- 6547840 TI - Neuromedin N: a novel neurotensin-like peptide identified in porcine spinal cord. AB - A novel neurotensin-like peptide, designated neuromedin N, has been isolated from porcine spinal cord by using a bioassay for a stimulant effect on guinea pig ileum. By microsequencing, the amino acid sequence of the peptide has been determined to be Lys-Ile-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu, which is found to be quite homologous to the COOH-terminal sequence of neurotensin. This structure has been confirmed by synthesis. Neuromedin N exhibits a contractile activity on guinea pig ileum and induces a hypotensive response in the rat similar to that with neurotensin. These findings suggest that neuromedin N may be a new neuromediator or hormone with a specific spectrum of biological activity. PMID- 6547841 TI - Photo-affinity label for cellular retinol-binding protein. AB - A number of retinoid derivatives have been synthesized for use as labels for cellular retinol-binding protein. Introduction of substituents abolished the binding of the derivatives to the protein, except in the case of the photo reactive derivative, 4-azidoretinol. This compound was found to compete successfully with all-trans-retinol for binding to cellular retinol-binding protein, with a high relative binding affinity. Irradiation of a complex of 4 azidoretinol and a semi-purified preparation of cellular retinol-binding protein from liver resulted in a firm attachment stable to SDS-gel electrophoresis. It is therefore suggested that the irradiated product is held together covalently. A method for the synthesis of 4-azidoretinol is described. PMID- 6547842 TI - Molecular cloning of cDNA for rat liver catalase. AB - For the studies on the induction of peroxisomal enzymes by hypolipidemic agents, we have tried to isolate a cDNA clone for rat liver catalase. A recombinant clone, pMJ501, was isolated, of which cDNA insert specifically hybridized to catalase mRNA in hybridization-selected translation. On RNA blot hybridization, it hybridized to 2.4-kilobases RNA which was increased about 1.5-fold by the administration of di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate to the rats. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA contains a reading frame for 109 amino acid residues which match the reported amino acid sequence of bovine liver catalase at the carboxyl end with 82% homology. It is concluded that pMJ501 contains a cDNA sequence for rat liver catalase. PMID- 6547843 TI - The formation of a novel mercapturic acid during the metabolism of an N-methyl aromatic amine, 4-cyano-N,N-dimethylaniline. PMID- 6547844 TI - Use of atracurium in cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass with induced hypothermia. AB - Atracurium was administered by infusion to 12 anaesthetized patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and induced hypothermia. Following an initial bolus dose of 0.6 mg kg-1, an infusion of atracurium was continued at an average rate of 0.0066 +/- 0.0003 mg kg-1 min-1 (0.4 mg kg-1 h-1) which was sufficient to maintain 90-95% block of the single twitch or train-of-four responses before bypass. Adequate surgical relaxation was provided with approximately half the rate of infusion of 0.0034 +/- 0.0003 mg kg-1 min-1 (0.2 mg kg-1 h-1) during cardiopulmonary bypass with induced hypothermia (25-26 degrees C) for 70-166 min. This rate of infusion during hypothermia was significantly slower (P less than 0.001) than that during normothermia. Thus, atracurium appeared to be suitable for use by continuous infusion in cardiac surgery and the temperature-dependent inactivation of atracurium was used to advantage because less drug was required during induced hypothermia. PMID- 6547845 TI - Atracurium for short surgical procedures in day patients. AB - Atracurium was studied in day-stay patients undergoing short surgical procedures requiring tracheal intubation. In a dose of 0.25 mg kg-1 and with an anaesthetic technique using enflurane, tracheal intubation could be performed in all patients within 3 min and was readily reversible, unless the duration of surgery was less than 20 min. The administration of an antagonist was indicated in nearly all patients in whom surgery lasted for less than 30 min. PMID- 6547846 TI - Cryotreatment of retinopathy of prematurity. PMID- 6547847 TI - Characterization of the copper(II)- and nickel(II)-transport site of human serum albumin. Studies of copper(II) and nickel(II) binding to peptide 1-24 of human serum albumin by 13C and 1H NMR spectroscopy. AB - As a basis for understanding the role of albumin in the transport of metal ions, detailed investigations have been carried out to elucidate the structure of Ni(II)- and Cu(II)-binding site of the peptide residue corresponding to the NH2 terminal peptide fragment 1-24 of human serum albumin by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These studies have been conducted in aqueous medium at different pH values and at different ligand/metal ratios. The results show the following: (i) Diamagnetic Ni(II) complex and paramagnetic Cu(II) complex are in slow exchange NMR time scale. (ii) Titration results of Ni(II)-bound form of peptide 1-24 show the presence of a 1:1 complex in the wide pH range (6.0-11.0), and the same stoichiometry is proposed for Cu(II) as well. (iii) Analysis of the spectra suggests that both Ni(II) and Cu(II) have one specific binding site at the NH2 terminal tripeptide segment (Asp-Ala-His...) involving the Asp alpha-NH2, His N(1) imidazole, two deprotonated peptide nitrogens (Ala NH and His NH), and the Asp COO- group. (iv) Complexation of Ni(II) and Cu(II) causes conformational change near the metal-binding site of the polypeptide chain, but there is no other binding group involved besides those in the first three residues. PMID- 6547848 TI - Absence of swiveling at sites of intercalator-induced protein-associated deoxyribonucleic acid strand breaks in mammalian cell nucleoids. AB - The sedimentation of DNA-nuclear protein complexes in 1.9 M salt-neutral sucrose gradients (nucleoid sedimentation) was used to examine the effects of the DNA intercalator 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) on mouse leukemia cell DNA. Mild detergent cell lysis and neutral pH make nucleoid sedimentation an extremely gentle, but sensitive, method to detect DNA scission. DNA breaks reduce the compaction of nucleoids and slow their sedimentation. Nucleoids from m-AMSA-treated cells sedimented as did those from untreated cells, indicating no detectable m-AMSA-dependent alterations in compaction despite an apparent underlying DNA break frequency of approximately 3 per 10(6) nucleotides, as measured by alkaline elution with proteinase. Mild proteinase digestion of cell lysates prior to nucleoid sedimentation unmasked some, but not all, of the underlying breaks. The frequency of DNA-protein cross-links in nucleoids from cells treated with m-AMSA was comparable to the single-strand break frequency produced by m-AMSA in whole cells. These results indicate that m-AMSA-induced DNA protein cross-links conceal DNA breaks so as to prevent swiveling around the breaks within the nucleoids. This unique sort of DNA scission is consistent with the involvement of topoisomerases in the DNA breaks elicited by intercalators in mammalian cells. PMID- 6547849 TI - Changes in deoxyribonucleic acid linking number due to treatment of mammalian cells with the intercalating agent 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m anisidide. AB - Treatment of mammalian cells with DNA intercalating agents produces protein associated DNA strand breaks. These breaks have been proposed to represent the action of a topoisomerase, which would alter the DNA linking number. Changes in DNA linking number in cells treated with the intercalating agent 4'-(9 acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) were studied by ethidium titration of nucleoid sedimentation. m-AMSA treatment was found to produce an increase in DNA linking number. Previously, we had proposed that intercalator induced protein-associated DNA breaks act to reduce DNA torsional strain that results from the intercalator-induced decrease in DNA twist. In such a model, linking number would be expected to decrease. The finding that the DNA linking number increased following m-AMSA treatment suggests that intercalators may block enzymes that normally decrease linking number. Such enzymes would have DNA gyrase like properties. Consistent with this possibility, a DNA gyrase inhibitor, novobiocin, inhibited the restoration of normal linking number and, to a lesser degree, the reversal of protein-associated strand breaks after removal of intercalator. PMID- 6547850 TI - Brevin and vitamin D binding protein: comparison of the effects of two serum proteins on actin assembly and disassembly. AB - Actin depolymerizing activity in serum can be attributed to the two proteins brevin and vitamin D binding protein (DBP). To investigate their mechanisms of action, we used a number of techniques, including procedures involving the fluorescent pyrene-labeled actin probe, to compare the interaction of the two proteins with G- and F-actin in vitro. With a fluorescence enhancement assay, we determined that brevin forms a 1:2 complex and DBP forms a 1:1 complex with pyrene-G-actin. We also found that both proteins reduce the viscosity of F-actin measured with high-shear and low-shear viscometers, with brevin effective at much lower concentrations than DBP. In polymerization experiments, brevin inhibits filament elongation at substoichiometric levels by inhibiting monomer addition at the barbed end but can also accelerate polymerization by nucleating assembly of filaments which grow from the pointed end. DBP does not nucleate filament assembly and inhibits filament elongation at either end only at near stoichiometric levels. Brevin, but not DBP, accelerates disassembly of filaments diluted into a depolymerizing medium. This is consistent with the capability of brevin to sever preformed filaments associated with erythrocyte membranes and to increase the number of filament ends as estimated by a cytochalasin binding assay. In steady-state experiments involving the use of pyrene-actin, brevin produces only a small increase in the apparent monomer concentration when the critical concentrations at the two ends of the filaments are the same (i.e., in 0.1 M KCl). However, when the critical concentration at the pointed end is higher than that at the barbed end (i.e., in 2 mM MgCl2), low molar ratios of brevin sharply increase the monomer concentration to the critical concentration of the pointed end. This allows substoichiometric amounts of brevin to completely depolymerize filaments when the total actin concentration is at or below that of the pointed end. In contrast to brevin, DBP increases the amount of nonfilamentous actin in a stoichiometric and dose-dependent manner regardless of the nature of the salt in the medium. We conclude from this study that brevin is similar in its mechanism of action to other proteins known to bind to the barbed end of filaments and that DBP is related in its action to proteins that complex monomers and prevent them from participating in the polymerization process. PMID- 6547851 TI - A cloned cDNA for duck malic enzyme detects abnormally large malic enzyme mRNAs in a strain of mice (Mod-1n) that does not express malic enzyme protein. AB - Sensitive immunochemical assays were used to measure the mass and rate of synthesis of malic enzyme protein in wild-type and Mod-1n mutant mice fed a high carbohydrate/low fat diet supplemented with thyroid hormone. Malic enzyme activity in the fed, wild-type mice was 100-fold higher than in starved, wild type mice. Neither activity, mass, nor synthesis of malic enzyme could be detected in fed, mutant mice. However, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase responded to these dietary manipulations with normal or supranormal increases in activities, respectively, in mutant mice. A cDNA clone containing an almost complete copy of the mRNA for malic enzyme from duck liver was used to analyze poly(A+) RNA from C57BL/6J-DBA/2J hybrid mice that had been fasted and refed a high carbohydrate/low fat diet supplemented with thyroid hormone. The 32P-cDNA probe hybridized to two RNAs of 2250 and 2950 nucleotides. The same two RNAs were detected in RNA from starved mice except at much lower concentrations. A similar analysis of RNA from Mod-1n mice fed the high carbohydrate-thyroid diet also revealed two hybridizing RNAs but each was 700-800 nucleotides longer than its counterpart in wild-type mice. The abundance of malic enzyme mRNA in the fed, mutant mice was about the same as that in fed, wild-type mice. The mutant malic enzyme mRNAs also were present in RNA from starved mice but at much lower concentrations. These results suggest that the mutation responsible for the Mod-1n phenotype is in the structural gene for malic enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6547852 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of the solubilized, partially purified muscarinic acetylcholine receptor from porcine atria by p-azidoatropine methyl iodide. AB - The synthesis of a tritiated photoaffinity analogue of the muscarinic antagonist atropine, [3H]-p-azidoatropine methyl iodide is described. The compound appeared to bind to a single class of sites in membrane-bound, solubilized, and partially purified preparations of muscarinic receptor from porcine atria with a dissociation constant (determined by competition vs. [3H]-L-quinuclidinyl benzilate) of about 1.0 X 10(-7) M. This value was in agreement with the apparent dissociation constant (8.5 X 10(-8)M) determined by measuring the concentration dependence of covalent incorporation into a partially purified receptor preparation. Competition experiments indicated that the specific covalent labeling could be blocked by the muscarinic agonist carbamylcholine and the antagonists L-quinuclidinyl benzilate and atropine. An apparent molecular weight of 75 000 +/- 5000 was found for specifically labeled peptide(s) in a solubilized, partially purified receptor preparation by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6547853 TI - N-NBD-L-alpha-dilauroylphosphatidylethanolamine. A new fluorescent probe to study spontaneous lipid transfer. AB - Migration of the fluorescent phospholipid N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-L alpha-dilauroylphosphati dylethanolamine between small sonicated egg phosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied by use of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer method. Contrary to the results of lipid transfer experiments reported for acyl chain NBD-labeled phospholipids (Nichols, J.W. and Pagano, R.E. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 1720-1728), the migration kinetics of N-NBD-DLPE had to be described by a sum of two exponential functions. The fast component (t1/2 approximately equal to 38 min) was assigned to lipid transfer via soluble monomers and the slow component (t1/2 approximately equal to 400 min) to transbilayer motion. A reversible four-stage process is suggested as a kinetic model. Mathematical treatment of this scheme is given yielding an analytical expression for the time dependence of NBD emission intensity. The use of N-NBD DLPE in the resonance energy transfer measurements offers the advantage of simple chemical synthesis of the fluorescent probe and leads to additional information on transbilayer motion which was not available with the NBD-labeled lipids used so far. PMID- 6547854 TI - Freeze-etch study of an unmodified lectin interacting with its receptors in model membranes. AB - Experiments are described in which liposomes bearing ganglioside or glycophorin as receptor were exposed to the native (unmodified) lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, and subsequently examined by freeze-etch electron microscopy. Visualized in this way in the absence of lectin, phosphatidylcholine bilayer membranes show no features attributable to the presence of small amounts of glycolipid. Similarly bilayers bearing glycophorin show no obvious etch face (outer surface) features attributable to that species, although they do have intramembranous particles associated with the hydrophobic interior. However, the otherwise smooth and featureless model membrane outer surface permitted ready visualization of bound lectin molecules, and thus the indirect localization of receptors. The lipid membrane itself in the vicinity of receptors was not visibly affected by lectin binding to glycolipid or glycoprotein. The only identifiable lectin-induced change was lateral redistribution of receptor glycoproteins. Ganglioside molecules showed some evidence of existing in small clusters; but their distribution was apparently unaffected by lectin binding. Clumps of lectin bound to glycophorin were found associated predominantly with fluid bilayer regions of phase separated membranes; and lectin distribution on the etch face correlated with intramembranous particle distribution in the fracture face. In contrast, ganglioside lateral distribution was not appreciably influenced by the host lipid matrix phase separation. PMID- 6547855 TI - Stabilization of large multilamellar liposomes by human serum in vitro. AB - The leakage of 5,6-carboxyfluorescein from large multilamellar liposomes prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (without or with cholesterol) was investigated in vitro in the presence of human serum. Below the phospholipid phase transition temperature, the rate of dye release is retarted 3-8-fold in the presence of up to 25% human serum in the incubation medium, as compared to the release in isotonic phosphate-buffered saline. This effect is significantly augmented by incorporation of 50 mol% cholesterol into the lipid bilayer. At and above the phase transition temperature, the initial rapid dye leakage in the presence of serum is followed by a slow long-term release. Incubation of the liposomes with serum is assumed to result in the association of serum proteins with the outermost lipid bilayer which in turn will lead to their stabilization, while the inner lamellae are not immediately accessible to the serum proteins. The permeability of the outer protein-rich lipid bilayer appears to be restricted, as concluded from the decreased dye release in the presence of serum. Massive leakage from multilamellar liposomes appears to be primarily due to bilayer defects occurring in the lipid transition region rather than being caused by protein-lipid interactions. The results of our in vitro experiments are discussed in terms of the potential usefulness of multilamellar liposomes as drug carriers in vivo for local and topical applications. PMID- 6547856 TI - Dinitrophenylation of phosphorylated gizzard myosin. Labelling of the subfragment 1 region. AB - Chymotrypsin and papain digestion of 3H-labelled dinitrophenylated chicken gizzard myosin, pretreated with the myosin light chain catalyzed phosphorylating system, released a subfragment 1 devoid of its light chains but containing all of the label associated with the thiols of the heavy chain region. This was also the case when myosin was incubated in the presence of the phosphorylating system but without ATP. Dinitrophenylation of a reconstituted actomyosin made from phosphorylated myosin occurred mainly on -SH groups of the heavy chains, in contrast to the predominant modification of the light chains of myosin from a control actomyosin that was treated similarly. Conformational changes in myosin may govern, in part, actin-myosin interaction through the phosphorylation of the light chain of Mr 20.000. PMID- 6547857 TI - Effect of extracellular myo-inositol on surfactant phospholipid synthesis in the fetal rabbit lung. AB - In the present investigation, myo-inositol was elevated in fetal serum by dietary manipulation. The myo-inositol-containing diet doubled the already high fetal serum myo-inositol between fetal days 26 and 28 but had no detectable effects on the lung. However, myo-inositol decreased betamethasone-induced (0.2 mg/kg, days 26.3 and 27.3, to the doe) inhibition in lung growth and potentiated the hormone induced increase in alveolar space saturated phosphatidylcholine. This effect could not be explained by alteration of glucocorticoid-stimulated enzyme activity (phosphatidate cytidylyltransferase, phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase, choline phosphate cytidylyltransferase) in the lung. Lung explants from 26-day-old fetuses were grown in a serum-free medium for 4 days. myo-Inositol (1.5 mM) had only a small effect on the phospholipid incorporation. Dexamethasone and thyroxine increased the incorporation of the precursors into surfactant phosphatidylglycerol and saturated phosphatidylcholine. myo-Inositol, in the presence of the hormones, switched the acidic surfactant phospholipid from phosphatidylglycerol to phosphatidylinositol and further increased the incorporation of surfactant-associated saturated phosphatidylcholine. myo Inositol-excess preferentially increased the incorporation of NADPH (derived from glucose) and acetate into the fatty acid moiety of surfactant phosphatidylcholine. It is proposed that the high extracellular myo-inositol in immature fetuses provides an environment that promotes both the hormone stimulated differentiation and the growth. PMID- 6547858 TI - Presence of two neutral disaccharides containing N-acetylhexosamine in bovine colostrum as free forms. AB - Two neutral disaccharides which comprise 74.0% of the neutral oligosaccharides other than lactose were isolated from bovine colostrum taken 6 h after parturition. The chemical structures were revealed to be galactosyl-beta-1,4-N acetylglucosamine (N-acetyllactosamine, 70.3%) and N-acetylgalactosaminyl-beta 1,4-glucose (3.7%). The two carbohydrates were the newly found oligosaccharides from mammalian milk in the free forms. 7 days after parturition, they had completely disappeared from bovine milk. PMID- 6547859 TI - Inhibition of aspartate aminotransferase by hydrazinosuccinate. AB - DL-Hydrazinosuccinic acid was synthesized by the reaction of DL-bromosuccinic acid with hydrazine. The compound strongly inhibited aspartate aminotransferase and gave 50% inhibition at 1.3 microM when added simultaneously with L-aspartate to an assay mixture containing enzyme. Incubation of the enzyme with the compound prior to assay resulted in a much stronger inhibition, which proceeded time dependently. The inhibition was protectable with L-aspartate and was substantially reversed by dialysis. PMID- 6547861 TI - Evidence for the existence of procolipase in chicken pancreas and pancreatic juice. AB - Purified antibodies raised against chicken colipase were coupled to Sepharose 4B and colipase was isolated in a single step by immunoaffinity chromatography from an extract of chicken pancreas prepared under conditions where trypsin activation is avoided. The purified protein has a single amino terminal residue of alanine and its biochemical properties are similar to those of the precursor form of colipase (procolipase) previously isolated from porcine and equine pancreas or pancreatic juice. Further evidence for the existence of procolipase was obtained from kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the Intralipid emulsion by untreated and trypsin-treated chicken pancreatic juice. PMID- 6547860 TI - Fluorescence quenching of tryptophan by trifluoroacetamide. AB - Trifluoroacetamide was found to be a good quencher of tryptophan fluorescence, and the quenching was shown to proceed via both a dynamic and a static process. The respective quenching constants were determined by the measurement of the decrease of the fluorescence lifetime in the presence of the quencher. The static and the bimolecular rate quenching constants of N-acetyltryptophanamide are equal to 0.34 1 X mol-1 and 1.9 X 10(9) 1 X mol-1 X s-1, respectively. These values indicate that trifluoroacetamide is an efficient quencher of tryptophan fluorescence. This conclusion is also supported by a complete quenching of bovine serum albumin and wheat germ agglutinin fluorescence. In the case of lysozyme, trifluoroacetamide quenches the fluorescence of tryptophan residues which fluoresce with a maximum at 348 nm but not the buried tryptophan residues which fluoresce with a maximum at 333 nm. Trifluoroacetamide quenching of wheat germ agglutinin emission confirms the homogeneity and the high accessibility of emitting tryptophan residues, in agreement with a previous report (Privat, J.P. and Monsigny, M. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 60, 555-567). The tryptophan fluorescence decay of wheat germ agglutinin is biexponential even in the presence of the quencher; the static and bimolecular rate quenching constants are equal to 0.22 1 X mol-1 and 0.92 X 10(9) 1 X mol-1 X s-1, respectively. In the presence of a specific lectin ligand, the methyldi-N,N'-trifluoroacetyl-beta-chitobioside, the quenching of wheat germ agglutinin fluorescence involves a direct contact between tryptophan residues and trifluoroacetamido groups of the ligand and in contrast with the quenching induced by free trifluoroacetamide shows that the tryptophan fluorescence is not fully quenched. PMID- 6547862 TI - Hyperoxia effects on pulmonary pressure: volume characteristics and lavage surfactant phospholipid in the newborn rabbit. AB - The effect of hyperoxia (greater than 95%) on surfactant phospholipid recovered by lavage and pulmonary pressure:volume characteristics was studied in rabbits exposed from birth through 4 days of life. Decreased surfactant phospholipid (microgram/mg dry lung weight) in the airways was observed as early as 6 h and persisted through 96 h of life in hyperoxia-exposed animals. The composition of lavage phospholipids and fatty acid profile of phosphatidylcholine was not altered by hyperoxia. Pressure:volume analysis revealed a decrease in maximum lung distensibility (V30, volume at 30 cm pressure) at 48 and 96 h and a decrease in inflation compliance (P30i, pressure on inflation to 30% V30) at 48 h of life in newborn pups exposed to hyperoxia. Pressure:volume changes in both male and female newborns were observed with hyperoxia exposure. However, only female pups exhibited a decrease in lavage phospholipid content as measured at 48 h. These data suggest that the newborn rabbit surfactant system is susceptible to oxygen toxicity. In addition to age-related differences, sex differences may exist with regard to susceptibility to hyperoxia. Subtle alterations in the surfactant system at this critical time of rapid lung development could have long lasting effects on lung function. PMID- 6547863 TI - Conversion from a virtual-bond chain to a complete polypeptide backbone chain. PMID- 6547864 TI - Interaction of metal ions with gastrointestinal hormones: binding studies of Mg++ to biologically active analogs of little gastrin and minigastrin. PMID- 6547865 TI - How alike are the shapes of two random chains? PMID- 6547866 TI - [Regression of the Pliss lymphosarcoma in rats and biochemical indices in hypovitaminosis A]. AB - It has been shown that in rats with alimentary hypovitaminosis A, with a sufficiently pronounced decrease in the content of free retinol in blood serum (below 140 ng/ml) and in the liver tissue (below 360 ng/g), there is a complete regression of Pliss's lymphosarcoma. Under the conditions indicated, retinoic acid, in contradistinction to retinol, does not promote the tumor growth. A relative and absolute reduction in blood plasma of the essential amino acids, arginine, methionine and lysine, might be one of the reasons for tumor regression under hypovitaminosis A. PMID- 6547867 TI - [N-acetyltransferase activity during growth of the transplantable Pliss lymphosarcoma and during pregnancy in rats]. AB - Study of the distribution of female noninbred rats according to N acetyltransferase activity has permitted the conclusion to be derived that the animals may have a "slow", "intermediate" and "fast" phenotype of acetylation. It was discovered that the rate of N-acetyltransferase activity increased 1.5-2-fold on days 12 and 15 after transplantation of Pliss's lymphosarcoma. The time course of changes in N-acetyltransferase activity was characterized by individual features. The pattern of changes in N-acetyltransferase activity in pregnancy was dependent on the initial acetylation phenotype: in animals with a "slow" and "intermediate" phenotype of acetylation, the activity ascended by the 21st day of pregnancy, whereas in animals with a "fast" phenotype of acetylation, it declined. PMID- 6547868 TI - Postoperative decrease in protein C and hypercoagulability. PMID- 6547869 TI - Acute toxicity of chromate, DDT, PCP, TPBS, and zinc to Daphnia magna cultured in hard and soft water. PMID- 6547870 TI - The influence of calcium intake on plasma calcium and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations in parturient cows. PMID- 6547871 TI - Involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine-containing neurons in antinociception produced by injection of morphine into nucleus raphe magnus or onto spinal cord. AB - We studied whether antinociception produced by injection of morphine into the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) or superfusion onto the spinal cord involved serotonergic neurons that descend from brainstem to spinal cord. Involvement of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-containing neurons was determined by correlating morphine-induced analgesia with an increase in turnover of 5-HT and by determining if depletion of cord 5-HT with the neurotoxin, 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) could attenuate the antinociceptive effects of morphine. When injected directly into the NRM, 10 micrograms of morphine produced profound analgesia as measured by the paw-pressure technique, and significantly increased the turnover of 5-HT in both posterior medulla and spinal cord. Depletion of cord 5-HT to less than 10% of control concentrations attenuated the antinociceptive effect of morphine injected into the NRM. When various concentrations of morphine (1, 10 or 50 micrograms) were injected directly into the spinal subarachnoid space, a dose-dependent analgesia was observed. No change in 5-HT turnover in spinal cord was observed with any dose of morphine superfused onto the cord. In addition, depletion of cord 5-HT with 5,7-DHT did not alter the analgesic response to either 1 or 10 micrograms of intrathecal morphine. These results suggest that although 5-HT-containing neurons descending from brainstem into spinal cord are involved with analgesia produced by morphine injection into the NRM, they are not involved in the analgesia induced by applying morphine directly to the cord. PMID- 6547872 TI - Inferior colliculus single unit responses to peripheral electrical stimulation in normal and congenitally deaf mice. AB - We have investigated the single unit response in the inferior colliculus of the mouse to electrical pulse stimulation at the auditory periphery. The experimental animals were deafness mutant mice (dn/dn), which have hereditary congenital peripheral pathology. The control animals were normal littermates (+/dn). Monopolar electrical pulses were applied either to the modiolus or the round window and the evoked single unit activity was recorded in the contralateral inferior colliculus (IC). Two types of single unit response were observed: a single-spike response, and a multiple-spike response. There was a predominance of the former in the control animals and of the latter in the mutants. For both modes of stimulation the group mean threshold of response was lower in mutants compared to controls, whilst the maximum number of evoked spikes per 50 presentations was higher in mutants than control animals. The mutant response pattern was similar to that seen in animals with experimentally induced auditory deprivation. The suitability of the deafness mutant as a model for the investigation of coding strategies for cochlear implants is discussed. PMID- 6547873 TI - Leukemic meningitis in a patient with hairy cell leukemia. A case report. AB - Central nervous system involvement has not previously been described in patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL). A patient is reported who presented with meningeal involvement as his initial symptom of HCL. Diagnosis was established by morphologic and cytochemical studies of his cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and bone marrow. Treatment with whole-brain irradiation and intrathecal chemotherapy was successful in clearing leukemic cells from the CSF with resolution of symptoms. PMID- 6547874 TI - Increased incidence of thromboembolism in stage IV breast cancer patients treated with a five-drug chemotherapy regimen. A study of 159 patients. AB - We report an incidence of thrombosis of 17.6% in 159 patients treated with a five drug chemotherapy regimen (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and prednisone) for Stage IV breast carcinoma. Chi-squared analysis of risk factors for thrombosis (ambulatory status, obesity, family history, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver dysfunction, thrombocytosis, and previous endocrine therapy) showed no difference between the patients who had a thromboembolic event and those who did not. Statistical analysis revealed that a significantly higher incidence of thrombosis occurred during the chemotherapy regimen than when off this regimen (P less than 0.05). Detailed coagulation studies done prospectively on 10 patients receiving the five-drug chemotherapy regimen compared with 10 control patients showed a significantly elevated Factor VIII antigen:activity ratio in the group receiving the chemotherapy regimen compared with the control group and normals. These results implicate the chemotherapeutic regimen in the pathogenesis of the increased incidence of thrombosis. The pathophysiology of thrombosis in settings such as this awaits better in vitro tests defining the "hypercoagulable state." PMID- 6547875 TI - Comparison of the mutagenic and clastogenic activity of amsacrine and other DNA intercalating drugs in cultured V79 Chinese hamster cells. AB - The acridine derivative amsacrine (m-AMSA) is used clinically for the treatment of acute leukemias. The mutagenic activity of this drug has been evaluated at the 6-thioguanine (6-TG) and ouabain resistance loci in cultured Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79-171b cell line). m-AMSA was found to have weak but significant mutagenic activity at the 6-TG but not at the ouabain resistance locus, after either 1- or 45-hr exposures at concentrations causing up to 90% cell kill. Two other intercalating agents with antitumor activity, Adriamycin and actinomycin D, provided essentially identical results. All three drugs were potent inducers of micronuclei in V79-171b cells, indicating high clastogenic activity. For these intercalating agents, the yield of 6-TG-resistant mutants was approximately 100 fold lower than that for ethyl methanesulfonate after exposures causing equivalent toxicity or equivalent chromosome breakage. The acridine half-mustard ICR-191 resembled ethyl methanesulfonate rather than the other intercalating agents in providing a high yield of 6-TG-resistant mutants relative to its clastogenic activity. The tumor-inactive intercalator 9-aminoacridine demonstrated only low clastogenic activity with a lack of significant mutagenic activity at toxic concentrations. These results suggest that, for m-AMSA, Adriamycin, and actinomycin D, both cell killing and mutagenesis could be direct consequences of chromosome breakage, while 9-aminoacridine may kill cells by a different mechanism. In view of its mutagenic and clastogenic activity at clinically achievable exposures and the similarity of its genotoxic properties to Adriamycin, m-AMSA should be considered a potential carcinogen. PMID- 6547876 TI - Cord-factor analogs: synthesis of 6,6'-di-O-mycoloyl- and -corynomycoloyl-(alpha D-mannopyranosyl alpha-D-manno-pyranoside). AB - Selective triflation of 4,6:4',6'-di-O-benzylidene-alpha,alpha-trehalose gave 4,6:4',6'-di-O-benzylidene-2,2'-di-O-triflyl-alpha,alpha-trehalose , the structure of which was confirmed by the 1H-n.m.r. spectrum of its 3,3'-di-O acetyl derivative (4). Treatment of 4 with sodium nitrite in hexamethylphosphoric triamide, followed by benzylation, afforded 2,3,2',3'-tetra-O-benzyl-4,6:4',6'-di O-benzylidene-(alpha-D-mannopyrano syl alpha-D-mannopyranoside (7). Removal of the two benzylidene groups from 7, and selective tosylation of the product, gave a mixture of the 6,6'-ditosylate (11) and the 6-monotosylate (12), which were separated by chromatography. Treatment of 11 with potassium corynomycolate or potassium mycolate afforded the corresponding 6,6'-diesters, 14 and 15, respectively. Treatment of the monotosylate 12 with potassium corynomycolate gave the 6-monoester 18. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of 14, 15, and 18 gave the respective cord-factor analogs. PMID- 6547877 TI - Structure of pestalotan, a highly branched (1----3)-beta-D-glucan elaborated by Pestalotia sp. 815, and the enhancement of its antitumor activity by polyol modification of the side chains. AB - Pestalotia sp. 815, a newly isolated fungus, produces extracellularly a highly (1 ---6)-branched (1----3)-beta-D-glucan in high yield when grown in a D-glucose containing medium. This extracellular glucan, designated "Pestalotan", has [alpha]25D-0.1 degree (c 0.5, M NaOH) and a molecular weight greater than 2 X 10(6). Chemical and enzymic studies indicated that pestalotan has a very highly branched structure containing a back-bone chain of beta-D-(1----3)-linked D glucosyl residues, and three out of five D-glucosyl residues are substituted at O 6, mostly with single D-glucosyl groups, and a very few with short beta-(1----6) linked oligosaccharide units. This D-glucan becomes water-insoluble after isolation from the culture filtrate followed by dehydration, and shows moderate growth-inhibitory activities against mouse-implanted tumors. However, when the D glucosyl groups of the side chains were modified by periodate oxidation and borohydride reduction, the resulting, still water-insoluble, D-glucan polyol exhibited potent antitumor activities, confirming that the attachment of many polyhydroxy groups to the beta-D-(1----3)-linked D-glucan back-bone gives a remarkable enhancement effect on the antitumor activity of the branched D-glucan. Prolonged treatment of the D-glucan polyol by ultrasonic irradiation afforded a low-molecular-weight D-glucan polyol (SD-pestalotan polyol), without alteration of its chemical structure. The water-soluble, SD-pestalotan polyol, having a molecular weight of 4.7 X 10(5), exhibited remarkable antitumor activities against both allogeneic and syngeneic, mouse-implanted tumors, at small dosages (1-5 mg/kg for 10 days) by intraperitoneal administration. A comparison of values of the molecular weight of SD-pestalotan polyol, estimated by 3-MPa l.c. for the aqueous solution and the dimethyl sulfoxide solution, strongly suggested that the D-glucan polyol must form a triple-chain conformation in aqueous solution. PMID- 6547878 TI - Effect of pindolol on potassium homeostasis in patients with essential hypertension. AB - A study of the effects of pindolol on potassium homeostasis was undertaken in 25 patients (19 women, 6 men) with essential hypertension. The patients were maintained on their usual diet and were withdrawn from antihypertensive therapy for three weeks before the study began. They were then randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (a) pindolol, 15 mg daily; (b) hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg daily; and (c) both drugs combined. Total body potassium (TBK), urine aldosterone excretion, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured after eight weeks of therapy and compared with pretreatment values. Mean PRA remained unchanged in patients taking only pindolol or the drug combination, but it rose significantly in patients taking only hydrochlorothiazide. Mean urine aldosterone concentrations fell in patients taking only pindolol, rose in those taking only hydrochlorothiazide, and remained unchanged in those taking the combination. Mean TBK concentrations rose significantly in patients taking only pindolol or the combination, and fell significantly in those taking only hydrochlorothiazide. The rise in TBK concentrations with the combination clearly suggests that pindolol offsets the potassium wastage induced by diuretics, though probably by a mechanism outside the renin-aldosterone system. Because of this rise, it may be possible to eliminate potassium supplementation in patients taking the combination pindolol and hydrochlorothiazide. PMID- 6547879 TI - [A new broad-spectrum antiparasitic agent against endo- and ectoparasites]. PMID- 6547880 TI - Studies on the biological activities of islandic acid and related compounds. PMID- 6547881 TI - Isolation and identification of 1-furyl-beta-carboline derivatives that are mutagenic after nitrite treatment. PMID- 6547882 TI - The interaction of phenol with lipid bilayers. AB - The depression of the phase-transition temperature of dimyristoyl- and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles induced by phenol has been investigated by fluorescence polarization. This effect is strongly pH and concentration dependent. Only the uncharged phenol molecule influences the fluidity of the bilayer so that the interaction of phenol with the bilayer can be situated in the hydrophobic acyl chain region. Direct measurements of the partitioning of phenol in the phospholipid vesicles confirm these results and show a limited and concentration-dependent solubility. Phase-transition temperature depressions, obtained from thermodynamic analysis of partition coefficient measurement, are in good agreement with the experimental values. PMID- 6547883 TI - Amsacrine administration: a precautionary note. PMID- 6547884 TI - 2,4-Diamino-6-(bis-2-chloroethyl)aminomethyl pteridine. A new potent anticancer drug. AB - 2,4-Diamino-6-(bis-2-chloroethyl)aminomethyl pteridine has been synthesized and found to be highly potent against L-1210 mouse leukemia lymphoblasts. A single dose of 5 mg/kg injected 24 h after the tumor inoculation increased the life-span of 50% of mice to more than 200%, while the other 50% of animals were cured. PMID- 6547885 TI - A study of betel quid carcinogenesis. 3. 3-(Methylnitrosamino)-propionitrile, a powerful carcinogen in F344 rats. AB - 3-(Methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN) is formed in vitro under mild nitrosation conditions from the major areca alkaloid arecoline. It appears likely that MNPN is generated during betel quid chewing especially when tobacco is added to the quid. Upon subcutaneous injection of 1.1 mmol of MNPN in 60 subdoses, all of the 15 male and of the 15 female F344 rats developed tumors within 24 weeks. Twenty-six of the rats had tumors in two different organs at least. Twenty-seven rats had esophageal tumors, 21 nasal tumors, 11 had tongue tumors and two animals had either pharyngeal carcinomas or papillomas of the forestomach. No tumors were observed in the solvent control group. These data indicate that MNPN is a potent carcinogen. PMID- 6547886 TI - [Agglutination activities of lectins on various strains of Leishmania promastigotes]. PMID- 6547887 TI - Gamma-glutamylornithine excretion in patients with hyperornithinemia. AB - Gamma-glutamylornithine has been identified in urine from patients with the HHH syndrome (hyperornithinemia, hyperammonemia and homocitrullinuria) and with gyrate atrophy associated with hyperornithinemia. The amount of gamma glutamylornithine excreted was 10-15 times higher than that excreted in normal subjects. The level of excretion was comparable in the HHH syndrome subjects and the gyrate atrophy subjects despite the fact that the gyrate atrophy subjects excreted more ornithine. A 100 mg/kg oral challenge of ornithine increased the excretion of gamma-glutamylornithine by a factor of three. This increased excretion of gamma-glutamylornithine was observed in hyperornithinemia patients with different etiologies and is therefore presumably due to the hyperornithinemic state, per se, independent of the underlying defect. PMID- 6547888 TI - Visual evoked response changes following intrathecal injection of water-soluble contrast media: a possible method of assessing neurotoxicity and a comparison of metrizamide and iopamidol. AB - An investigation was carried out to ascertain if there was a change in visual evoked responses following the intrathecal injection of water-soluble contrast media for myeloradiculography and if this change provided an indication of neurotoxicity as assessed by the onset of headache during a period of 20 h following the radiological examination. The patients were unselected and examined, when facilities for measuring the visual evoked response were available, immediately before and at 1 and 20 h after the examination. Control readings were carried out before, 1 h and 20 h after lumbar puncture in patients who did not have an injection of contrast medium. The first 25 patients in the series received metrizamide; when iopamidol became available a change to the newer medium was made and iopamidol was used on all subsequent patients. All the injections were carried out by the same radiologist and the patients were kept in hospital overnight and interviewed the next morning, avoiding a specific reference to headache unless the patient denied all symptoms. It was found that the latency of the visual evoked response was affected in some cases by the presence of contrast medium in the cerebrospinal fluid and that there was a correlation between the severity of headaches and the delay in the visual evoked response at the 20 h post-myelogram measurement, but not at 1 h after the examination. It would appear, therefore, that the visual evoked response measurement is a valid method of assessing, in the short term, the neurotoxicity of intrathecal water-soluble contrast media and that, on this evidence, iopamidol is less neurotoxic than metrizamide. We are not aware of any long-term complications resulting from the use of either contrast medium. PMID- 6547889 TI - Xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase in the liver of grass snake Natrix natrix. AB - The enzyme hydroxylating oxypurines in the liver of grass snake (Natrix natrix, Colubridae) was found to be a stable xanthine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.1.37). The Michaelis constants for NAD+ and xanthine amounted to 14.4 and 12.3 microM, respectively. The enzyme affinity to hypoxanthine is lower than that to xanthine, but the former substrate is hydroxylated faster than the latter. The enzyme is only slowly and slightly (up to 22%) inhibited by NADH accumulating during xanthine hydroxylation. The above data and the time-course of hypoxanthine--- xanthine----uric acid hydroxylation indicated that the kinetic properties of the snake liver enzyme provide in this uricotelic animal fast elimination of superfluous nitrogen derived from protein catabolism. PMID- 6547890 TI - A computerized decision support system for patient selection in dental education. AB - A computerized decision support system is presented. The system is used to aid in the situation of patient selection for the purpose of dental education and utilizes the PERT/CPM methodology and decision tables. It runs on a microcomputer and written in Basic. The input is a list of patient's needs, and the output is a tentative treatment plan, the chair time needed to complete the treatment, its cost, and the probability that the student will finish it on time. PMID- 6547891 TI - The electrocardiomultigraphimeter in the variability analysis. AB - The electrocardiomultigraphimeter (ECXGM) is a software package for clinical research in many branches of electrocardiography. The ECXGM makes available a set of conversions and representations of the ECG signal that are usually implemented in clinical practice on different instruments such as electrocardiographs, vectorcardiographs and spectrum analysers. This paper analyses the tools offered by the ECXGM for macro and microscopic variability analysis: graphic processing (contourograms, superimposed VCG loops), wave recognition programs, measuring and measurement synthesis: histograms and statistical diagrams. PMID- 6547892 TI - Sex differences in blood protein patterns: a computer-assisted electrophoretic analysis of mid-molecular weight range proteins of human serum. AB - We have studied the sexual dimorphism of human serum proteins between the ranges of approximately 60,000 and 150,000 daltons using computerized imaging and densitometry. Methodology is presented, based on the TEXAC computer system for the detection, segmentation and integration of protein bands. The results are discussed in terms of potential future applications in computerized medical diagnosis. PMID- 6547893 TI - A pocket calculator program for Duncan's New Multiple Range Test and analysis of variance. AB - A program for the TI-59 calculator to be used in analysis of variance and testing of significance of differences between each mean and every other mean by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test is presented. The test is both simple and powerful for data involving more than two treatment groups in a completely random design. Up to six groups with any number of replicates may be analyzed with this program. PMID- 6547894 TI - A routine fitting of kinetic data to sums of exponentials with a programmable calculator. AB - The effects of prolonged ingestion of ethyl alcohol on the elimination kinetics of bromsulphalein (BSP) from the plasma and the excretion of the dye into bile after a single intravenous injection into the circulation of the rat were examined by means of the colorimetrical technique. Simple numerical methods for fitting the experimental data to polyexponential and convex upward functions were also proposed. Two multioptional programs written for the Texas Instrument 59 programmable calculator and for the Sharp 1500 pocket computer were developed which provide for fully automated exponential stripping of pharmacokinetic data and which will allow workers to calculate the numerical values of all the coefficients and exponents for the tracer function fitting the monotone sequences of data. PMID- 6547895 TI - Missouri Supreme Court decision on nursing practice. American Medical Association. PMID- 6547896 TI - Glutathathione synthetase of bovine lens: anomalies of the enzyme-catalyzed formation of ophthalmic acid. AB - The activity of glutathione synthetase from bovine lens was examined as a functions of the concentration of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyrate, the dipeptide substrate required in the formation of ophthalmic acid. Several significant anomalies of the glutathione synthetase-catalyzed formation of ophthalmic acid were found. Curvilinearity of double reciprocal plots occurred with this substrate; this curvilinearity shows substrate activation of the reaction which is likely a result of negative cooperativity. Both ATP4- and, to a lesser extent Mg2+ inhibited the reaction, whereas MgATP2- is the substrate; maximum activity occurred with 2 mM Mg2+ in excess of the concentration of added ATP. This investigation shows that it is necessary to establish a defined set of conditions for reporting enzyme activity and that the usual practice of using very large concentrations of Mg2+ relative to ATP, and 5- to 20-fold excess of the dipeptide will give less than optimum activity. The unit of enzyme activity is suggested to be that activity in ml using 2 mM ATP, 4 mM Mg2+, 30 mM glycine and 15 mM L-gamma-glutamyl-alpha-aminobutyrate, which results in the formation of 1 nmole/minute of ADP or P(i). In this study, 5'-AMP was for the first time, shown to be an inhibitor of the reaction with a K(i) of 0.9 mM. PMID- 6547897 TI - Cloning and characterization of a cow beta crystallin cDNA. AB - We have isolated and sequenced a beta crystallin cDNA clone derived from the mRNA of cow lenses. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequence with the amino acid sequences of the principal beta crystallins of the cow, Beta Bp (1) and the mouse (2,3), confirm the general homology within the beta crystallin family and with the gamma crystallins. This beta crystallin cDNA, designated pBeta25/23, has 96% amino acid homology with the murine beta23 and only 43% amino acid homology with the cow beta Bp. The N-terminal 14 amino acids of the murine beta23, which are composed of a high percentage of hydrophobic amino acid residues, bear no similarity to the predicted amino acid sequence of the cow beta crystallin cDNA clone which we have isolated. The remaining amino acid sequences show greater homology between the mouse and cow beta crystallins than the corresponding alpha and beta globins between the two species. The degree of homology is comparable to that of the alpha crystallins for the cow and mouse. The pBeta25/23 cDNA is interesting for the presence of two potential translation initiation sites which are in phase and, if both are used, would code for two polypeptides of MW 25,100 and 23,200. These correspond to the 25,000 and 23,000 dalton beta crystallins that have been partially sequenced by Berbers et al. (4). This raises the possibility that the beta 25 and the beta23 synthesized in the cow lens are not encoded by two separate genes but may be derived from single mRNA using two translation initiation sites or by post-translational processing of the larger peptide. It is possible also that the two proteins are from two mRNA's derived from a single hnRNA by differential splicing of a intervening sequence at the 5' end of the gene. PMID- 6547898 TI - Localization of the haptoglobin alpha and beta genes (HPA and HPB) to human chromosome 16q22 by in situ hybridization. AB - Human haptoglobin (Hp) is a protein that binds free hemoglobin and circulates in plasma of vertebrates as a tetrachain (alpha beta)2 structure. This study maps HPA and HPB, the genes encoding the Hp alpha and beta chains to human chromosome band 16q22 by in situ hybridization. PMID- 6547899 TI - [Partial arthroscopic meniscus resection. Results of 234 arthroscopic operations]. AB - In a clinical follow-up study the postoperative results of 234 meniscus lesions treated by partial arthroscopic meniscectomy are analysed. After a period of 3-12 months 43% of cases were completely free of symptoms, in 50% the operation resulted in a significant relief of symptoms whereas 7% of the patients had unsatisfactory results. Serious intra- and postoperative complications did not occur. Compared to open meniscectomies the hospital stay is considerably shorter with an average duration of 4.7 days. The postoperative short-term result seems not to be related to the presence of degenerative changes. In 89% of cases with a severe chondromalacia an isolated arthroscopic meniscectomy gave an excellent or good result. PMID- 6547900 TI - [Hyperthyroidism and/or chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis associated with thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6547901 TI - Diabetes data management program available for microcomputers. PMID- 6547902 TI - [Antibody-controlled cytostatic therapy of malignant thymoma with concomitant myasthenia gravis]. AB - In a 46-year-old female patient with malignant thymoma and concomitant myasthenia gravis relapse with gravitational metastases occurred 6 1/2 years after the first operation. Metastases could be removed surgically only partially and were subsequently irradiated with 50 Gy. After 3 1/2 years renewed metastatic growth occurred. Until then the concomitant myasthenia had been stable during treatment with pyridostigmine and azathioprin and intermittent prednisone; acetylcholine receptor antibody titres had remained largely stable. Combined cytostatic treatment with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, prednisone and doxorubicin or cisplatin led to regression of metastases during the observation period of 1 1/2 years and at the same time to stabilisation of the myasthenia. Acetylcholine receptor antibody titres decreased and this was roughly paralleled by clinical improvement. Whereas there is no obvious correlation of antibodies against acetylcholine-receptor protein and tendency of tumour growth there is good agreement with the course of the accompanying myasthenia. PMID- 6547903 TI - Endoscopic-assisted tube placement for decompression of acute colonic pseudo obstruction. AB - A case of acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon is presented. Treatment consisted of placing a Bilbao-Dotter hypotonic duodenography tube in the transverse colon, threaded over an angiographic guidewire placed endoscopically. A discussion of acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon is given. PMID- 6547904 TI - Primary structure of gamma subunit precursor of calf-muscle acetylcholine receptor deduced from the cDNA sequence. AB - Clones carrying cDNA sequences for the gamma subunit precursor of the acetylcholine receptor from calf skeletal muscle have been isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has revealed the primary structure of this polypeptide, which consists of 519 amino acids including a hydrophobic prepeptide of 22 amino acids. The gamma subunit of the calf muscle acetylcholine receptor, like the alpha subunit of the calf as well as the human muscle receptor, shares features characteristic of all four subunits of the Torpedo electroplax receptor, such as the putative disulphide bridge corresponding to that in the alpha subunit proposed as being in close proximity to the acetylcholine binding site and the four putative, hydrophobic transmembrane segments M1-M4. Thus, the calf gamma subunit molecule apparently exhibits the same transmembrane topology as proposed for the fish receptor subunits. The degree of sequence homology between the calf and Torpedo gamma subunits (56%) is lower than that between the alpha subunits of the two species (81%). Some regions of the gamma subunit molecule, including the region encompassing the putative disulphide bridge and the region containing the putative transmembrane segments M1, M2 and M3, are relatively well conserved between the two species. PMID- 6547905 TI - Sequence of an antifreeze protein precursor. AB - The amino acid sequence of the precursor to the second-most-abundant serum antifreeze protein (B) in the winter flounder has been determined by a combination of protein and DNA sequencing. The precursor is an 82-residue preproprotein which differs in only three positions from the amino acid sequence of the precursor for the most-abundant serum antifreeze protein (A). The base changes responsible for these substitutions, as well as several silent changes, are all clustered within the DNA coding for the mature protein portion. Among the post-translational modifications that the precursor undergoes is the removal of the c-terminal glycine residue. Cloning of full-length antifreeze protein cDNA has enabled us to identify the transcription initiation site which occurs 49 nucleotides upstream from the initiation codon. PMID- 6547906 TI - Nucleotide sequence of cucumber-mosaic-virus RNA 2 reveals a translation product significantly homologous to corresponding proteins of other viruses. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the 3035 residues of RNA 2 (Mr 1.03 X 10(6) ) of the Q strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was determined by sequencing M13 clones of the RNA 2 cDNA and by dideoxy sequencing using primers prepared either from M13 clones or by chemical synthesis. A single long open reading frame starts at the second AUG from the 5' end of RNA 2 and encodes 839 amino acids (Mr 94333). This frame has flanking regions of 92 nucleotides at the 5' terminus and 423 nucleotides at the 3' terminus. Computer analysis of the nucleotide sequence showed that CMV RNA 2 has a significant homology with RNA 2 of brome mosaic virus (BMV) and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and also with a region for tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA encoding the read-through part of the 183-kDa protein. About 400 amino acids in the central region of the CMV RNA 2 translation product have a striking homology with the corresponding proteins encoded by BMV and AMV and with the read-through part of the TMV 183-kDa protein. Hydrophobicity plots of CMV and BMV RNA translation products also had apparent similarities. It is concluded that CMV is related to BMV, AMV and TMV in order of increasing evolutionary divergence. PMID- 6547907 TI - Sequence-dependent structural variation in single-helical DNA. Proton NMR studies of d(T-A-T-A) and d(A-T-A-T) in aqueous solution. AB - The two deoxyribotetranucleoside triphosphates d(T-A-T-A) and d(A-T-A-T) were investigated in aqueous solution by one- and two-dimensional proton NMR at 300 and 500 MHz. It is demonstrated that both compounds occur predominantly in the single-helical form. Accurate coupling constants are obtained by computer simulation of several 500-MHz spectra. The data are interpreted in terms of N and S pseudorotational ranges. The geometry of the major S-type conformers displays a clear sequence dependence, as expressed by variation of the endocyclic backbone angle delta (C5'-C4'-C3'-O3'). A simple sum rule is proposed to predict delta variation in single-helical DNA fragments. Comparisons are made with other sequence-dependent geometries as observed in a double-helical B-DNA fragment in the crystalline state. Furthermore, one- and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy was carried out on d(T-A-T-A). An inventory is made of the observed intra- and inter-residue NOEs. The NOE data confirm the presence of a highly stacked single-helical conformation of d(T-A-T-A) in solution. No indications are found for the formation of a bulge-out structure as observed for analogous alternating purine-pyrimidine oligoribonucleotides. PMID- 6547908 TI - Inhibition of gastric emptying and secretion by pirenzepine and atropine in rats. AB - The effects of pirenzepine and atropine on gastric emptying, gastric secretion and heart rate were studied in rats. Both drugs inhibited gastric emptying and secretion dose dependently and increased pulse rate. In the gastric secretory studies both compounds displayed potencies which were not very dissimilar (ID50 were 8.1 mumol X kg-1 and 1.4 mumol X kg-1 for pirenzepine and atropine respectively, potency ratio 6); pirenzepine was however decidedly less potent than atropine in inhibiting gastric emptying (potency ratio 36 on a molar basis) and in increasing heart rate (potency ratio 125). These data, in accordance with results of clinical trials, indicate that pirenzepine-unlike atropine-can inhibit acid secretion without appreciably affecting gastric motility and cardiac function. PMID- 6547909 TI - Presence of rRNA in the heavy bodies of sea urchin eggs. An in situ hybridization study with the electron microscope. AB - Experimental conditions have been found, in which the presence of rRNA can be demonstrated by in situ hybridization at the electron microscope level in the heavy bodies of sea urchin eggs. The specificity of hybridization has been controlled by ribonuclease digestion and by competition experiments with unlabelled rRNA. PMID- 6547910 TI - Methylated amino acids and lysosomal function in cultured heart cells. AB - Methylated amino acids inhibit lysosomal function in cultured rat heart myocytes more effectively than the classically employed lysosomotropic weak bases. Moreover, L-leucine methyl ester (L-Leu-OMe) or L-methionine methyl ester (L-Meth OMe) do not alter lysosomal pH or inactivate lysosomal cysteine proteinases, but do inhibit protein degradation more efficiently than either chloroquine or NH4Cl. These observations suggest that amino acid methyl esters are more effective probes to investigate lysosomal function in cultured myocytes than chloroquine or NH4Cl. PMID- 6547911 TI - Formation of adrenaline in the iris-ciliary body from adrenalone diesters. AB - Many diesters of adrenalone have high ocular sympathomimetic activity although adrenalone itself, even if delivered intraocularly, is practically inactive. Thus these diesters cannot be considered pro-drugs of adrenalone, since adrenalone is not a drug. The mechanism of action of these adrenalone derivatives was studied on the selected, potent diisovaleryl adrenalone. It was found that adrenaline is formed from the diester, but not from adrenalone. While the inactive adrenalone is also formed hydrolytically and found in every compartment of the eye, the active epinephrine (adrenaline) was found only in the iris-ciliary body, as a result of a reduction-hydrolytic steps sequence. Thus the adrenalone diesters represent a type of site-specific delivery system for epinephrine. PMID- 6547912 TI - Periimplantation-like growth and development of mouse blastocysts in medium containing horse serum. AB - Horse serum (HS) supported growth and differentiation of blastocysts as well as or better than fetal bovine serum (FBS) (p less than 0.01) as measured by a) the onset of trophoblastic outgrowth, b) the size of the resultant outgrowths, c) the size of nuclei in trophoblasts after their outgrowth and d) the size of the inner cell mass in outgrowths. Moreover, polyamines were found to be approximately 10 100 times less toxic to embryos when added to medium containing HS than when the medium contained FBS. PMID- 6547913 TI - Inhibition of free radical-induced DNA damage by uric acid. AB - Single-strand DNA breaks were produced in isolated rat liver nuclei incubated with 3 separate oxygen free radical generating systems: xanthine oxidase acetaldehyde plus Fe(II); hematin-R(H)OOH; Fe(II)-H2O2. Uric acid inhibited the induction of damage in the first two systems only. At concentrations below those found in human plasma, it was particularly effective against strand breaks produced by hematin-cumene hydroperoxide. These results offer additional evidence that uric acid may function as a cellular protective agent against superoxide and hydroperoxyl free radical-induced cytotoxicity toxicity. PMID- 6547914 TI - Calmodulin may mediate 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-stimulated intestinal calcium transport. AB - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D stimulated an increase in calmodulin content in chick duodenal brush border membranes in parallel with an increase in duodenal calcium transport in vivo and calcium uptake by brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) in vitro. The increase in calcium uptake by BBMV was blocked by specific calmodulin antagonists. These results suggest that calmodulin mediates 1,25(OH)2D stimulated calcium movement across the brush border membrane. PMID- 6547915 TI - 1 alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly induces fusion of alveolar macrophages by a mechanism involving RNA and protein synthesis, but not DNA synthesis. AB - The results of our present study indicate that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3] directly induces fusion of mouse alveolar macrophages without any participation of T-lymphocytes by a mechanism involving RNA and protein synthesis but not DNA synthesis. We have reported that 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 induces fusion of alveolar macrophages by a direct mechanism and by a spleen cell mediated indirect mechanism [(1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80, 5583-5587]. Alveolar macrophages pretreated with or without anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement fused similarly when they were incubated with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3. The vitamin suppressed DNA synthesis, but it significantly enhanced RNA and protein synthesis. The 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3-induced fusion was blocked by adding actinomycin D or cycloheximide, but not by hydroxyurea. PMID- 6547916 TI - Identification of messenger RNA for human type II collagen. AB - Total RNA was purified from human fetal calvaria and articular cartilage. Messenger RNAs for type I and II collagens were identified by hybridization using cDNA clones for chicken pro alpha 1(I)-, pro alpha 2(I)- and pro alpha 1(II)collagen mRNAs and by analysis of cell-free translation products of these RNAs by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The size of human pro alpha 1(II)collagen mRNA is approx. 5100 bases. Translatability of cartilage specific type II collagen mRNA was found to be concentration dependent: with increasing total RNA concentrations the relative translation of type II collagen mRNA was reduced with respect to type I mRNAs. PMID- 6547918 TI - Micro computers--innovative architectural tools. PMID- 6547917 TI - Isolation and primary structure of human PHI (peptide HI). AB - The isolation of the human form of PHI (peptide HI) is described. The peptide was purified from human colonic extracts by using a chemical method for the detection of its C-terminal amidated structure. Human PHI consists of 27 amino acid residues and the complete amino acid sequence is: His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Val-Phe-Thr-Ser Asp-Phe-Ser-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser- Ala-Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Met-NH2. The differences between the structures of porcine and human PHI are at position 12 (Arg/Lys replacement) and at position 27 (Ile/Met). PMID- 6547919 TI - [Cytogenetic activity of inhibitor DPF-1]. PMID- 6547920 TI - Coeliac disease presenting with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. AB - A 22 year old woman presenting with recurrent intestinal pseudo-obstruction is reported. Jejunal biopsy showed subtotal villous atrophy which improved markedly during a period of total parenteral nutrition and with steroid treatment. It did not relapse on a gluten free diet. The reasons why this patient represents a case of coeliac disease with secondary pseudo-obstruction, rather than primary intestinal pseudo-obstruction with secondary bacterial overgrowth, is discussed. PMID- 6547921 TI - [Changes in the transmural electric potential difference in the region of stomach ulcer. Local effect of sucralfate, aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate]. AB - In three groups of six patients with gastric ulcer, sucralfate, aluminium hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate, respectively was applied to the ulcer under endoscopic vision. Prior to, two and four hours after application of these substances, the transmural electrical potential difference (p.d.) was measured in the region of the bed of the ulcer, the margin of the ulcer, the antrum on the lesser curvature side, and in the pool of juice; additionally, the degree of adherence of the substances to the floor of the ulcer was recorded. After sucralfate, the increase in p.d. in the bed of the ulcer was clearly greater two and four hours post-application than after the two antacids tested, and adherence to the ulcer was also more marked and longer lasting. These findings confirm the superior local protective effect of sucralfate in the bed of the ulcer on the basis of its physico-chemical properties, as compared with the antacids tested. These clinico-experimental findings correlate with the efficacy of sucralfate in ulcer disease as demonstrated in clinical studies. PMID- 6547922 TI - Gc types in western Japan: report of a new variant Gc 1C35. AB - Gc types were examined in a total of 1,000 unrelated Japanese individuals from Western Japan. By isoelectric focusing the six common subtypes and several rare types were observed. In addition, a new variant with a mobility between the Gc 1S and 1C2 was identified in 2 individuals. A family investigation confirmed the inheritance of the corresponding allele Gc* 1C35. PMID- 6547924 TI - The accuracy of clinical examination of injury of the knee joint. AB - This study is an analysis of the clinical examination of 118 consecutive patients with severe, acute injury of the knee joint, that is, with intra-articular effusion or with clinical suspicion of ligamentous instability. Both the clinical examination and the examination under anaesthesia for ligamentous instability involve a large number of falsely positive and falsely negative diagnoses. The greatest uncertainty is attached to the examination of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci. The diagnostic specificity and the diagnostic sensitivity of the clinical examination of the anterior cruciate ligament are 0.75 and 0.62 respectively. The corresponding values for examinations under anaesthesia are 0.86 and 0.76 respectively. Two-thirds of the patients without intra-articular effusion, whose clinical examination gives rise to suspicion of ligamentous instability, however, have subclinical intra-articular haemorrhage and have as many cruciate and combined lesions as the whole series, viz. respectively 63 and 47 per cent. On the basis of this we conclude that arthroscopy should be carried out in all patients with a traumatic haemarthrosis or indication of ligamentous instability. PMID- 6547923 TI - Comparison of immune responses induced by rat RT-1 antigens presented as inserts into liposomes, as protein micelles and as intact cells. AB - Partially purified rat transplantation antigens (RT-1) were inserted into liposomes composed of various types of lipids and used for immunization. The immune responses induced by the liposomes were compared with responses induced by RT-1 as protein micelles, alone or emulsified in Freund's incomplete adjuvant, or intact cells. Liposomes gave generally a higher humoral response than protein micelles. Each type of RT-1 immunization gave a particular pattern of specific Ig (sub)class responses. Freund's incomplete adjuvant was not only lacking in potentiating effect on low protein dose immunization but had a significant inhibitory effect. Besides intact cells only distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine liposomes had the potential to induce a cell-mediated cytotoxic response. PMID- 6547925 TI - In vitro investigations on the antibacterial action and the influence on the phagocytic chemiluminescence of tetrachlorodecaoxide--a new, non-metallic oxygen complex. AB - The first non-metallic oxygen carrier, tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO), showed in vitro antibacterial activity among aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The lethal dose for Escherichia coli, for example, was 150 micrograms/ml whereas 15 micrograms/ml reduced the bacterial amount after a latent period of two hours, but regrowth started after four hours. The bactericidal effect of TCDO, however, was dose-dependent and species-specific. This suggests that some aerobic bacterial species might not be able to produce sufficient amounts of protecting enzymes like catalase or superoxide dismutase. The computer controlled measurement of chemiluminescence was used as a model for the phagocytic activity. With isolated human granulocytes and opsonized zymosan as antigen no increase in peak counts per minute was observed compared with controls without TCDO. However, with human whole blood, positive effects were seen using TCDO together with zymosan as well as specific and non-specific opsonized Klebsiella pneumoniae K 17. It seems that whole blood possesses additional, but as yet unknown biocatalysers to split TCDO into oxygen and chloride. PMID- 6547926 TI - Location of critical points in the reaction velocity/concentration relationships predicted by the exponential model for a two substrate regulatory enzyme. AB - The two substrate exponential model for a regulatory enzyme (Ainsworth and Gregory, J. Theor. Biol., 75 (1978) 97-114) can be employed to describe non hyperbolic relationships between the initial velocity of the catalysed reaction and the concentration of one substrate when the concentration of the second substrate is kept constant, v = f(A)B. The model equation for v = f(A)B predicts the possibility of a maximum, catastrophe and inflections but, because the equation is transcendental, it is not possible to locate the critical points by algebraic analysis. The paper describes an iterative computer program that has been devised to solve this problem. PMID- 6547927 TI - A general signal-processing unit for electrophysiological measurements. AB - A multipurpose electrophysiological signal-processing system using a small laboratory computer is presented as an essential tool for a new approach to medical instrumentation. The use of such a general measuring system for different diagnostic methods in the hospital instead of special-purpose equipment for each method is elucidated, and hardware and software requirements of the system are defined. The hardware and software actually implemented in the system are described briefly, particular attention being paid to special software developments. Problems of software development and maintenance are discussed. PMID- 6547928 TI - Baseline: a computer method of calculating baseline in fetal heart rate recordings. AB - 'Baseline' estimation is of fundamental importance in both visual and numerical analysis of fetal heart rate recordings, even though the baseline itself is in reality an imaginary line. Here we describe a linear method of estimating baseline in fetal heart rate recordings. The method is easy to implement on a digital computer, and is capable of precise mathematical analysis. Non-linear methods, on the other hand, introduce unpredictable and non-quantifiable statistical bias, and are best avoided. PMID- 6547929 TI - Antimuscarinic compounds and gastric kinetics: a study with pirenzepine on healthy subjects. AB - A study has been made on the modifications that appear after acute dosage of pirenzepine in a series of eight healthy subjects of both sexes who had shown, by radioisotopic evaluation, a physiological pattern of gastric kinetics. The acute dosage of the drug was continued for three days at therapeutic doses and, a few hours after the last administration, the same study was repeated. As a test meal, a whole fried egg containing 99mTc-labelled serum albumin was used. The kinetics of the gastric content was scanned by a gamma-camera. The difference in gastric kinetics between the baseline situation and that after administration of the drug is reported and discussed. PMID- 6547930 TI - Colonic pseudo-obstruction: a late complication of jejunoileal bypass. AB - Three cases of jejunoileal bypass, performed for morbid obesity, were complicated 3 to 4 years later by symptoms of colonic pseudo-obstruction. In each case the colon was enlarged, dilated and atonic with no demonstrable organic obstruction. In the patient with end-to-side anastomosis, the entire colon was dilated. In the two patients with end-to-end anastomosis, the dilatation affected the colon distal to the anastomosis with the defunctionalized small bowel. Treatment with antianaerobic antibiotics resulted in a dramatic disappearance of symptoms. It is suggested that bacterial overgrowth in the defunctionalized loops of small bowel may play an important role in the development of colonic pseudo-obstruction as a late complication of jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 6547931 TI - Spontaneous remission of hypothyroidism in Hashimoto's (autoimmune) thyroiditis. PMID- 6547932 TI - The characterization of hemoglobin Manitoba or alpha (2)102(G9)Ser----Arg beta 2 and hemoglobin Contaldo or alpha (2)103(G10)His----Arg beta 2 by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Hb Contaldo with a His----Arg substitution at position 103(G10) of the alpha chain is a newly discovered unstable Hb variant observed in an Italian child. Its instability is probably due to the disruption of the hydrogen bond between alpha 103(G10)His and beta 108(G10)Asn. The structural variation in the core segment was determined through analysis of tryptic peptides from digests of the alpha X and oxidized alpha X (with performic acid) chains, which were separated by HPLC. Similar analyses were made for the alpha X chain of the rare Hb Manitoba in which alpha 102(G9) Ser is replaced by Arg. This variant was observed for the first time in an Italian patient, and was also studied in a member of a previously described Canadian family. PMID- 6547933 TI - Life-threatening complications in a child with hemoglobin SD-Los Angeles disease. AB - Hemoglobin SD-Los Angeles is an uncommon sickle hemoglobinopathy. We describe a boy with documented Hb SD-Los Angeles who had experienced acute splenic sequestration, pneumococcal sepsis, aplastic crisis and functional asplenia during his first two years of life. We suggest that children with Hb SD-Los Angeles are at similar risks for the life-threatening complications which characterize sickle cell anemia and should receive the same comprehensive medical care currently recommended for children with Hb SS disease. PMID- 6547934 TI - Microcomputer control applied to the Vickers M85/86 microdensitometer. AB - An electronic interface for a Research Machines 380Z microcomputer and a Vickers M85/6 integrating microdensitometer is described, together with outlines of the control software. A typical applications programme, which may be written in several high-level languages, is outlined for the determination of a time course plot for enzyme activity in a tissue section. This system facilitates rapid accurate measurement and analysis of experimental data. PMID- 6547935 TI - Radiosensitization of mammalian cells by transition metal complexes containing nitroimidazole ligands. AB - Various transition metal complexes containing nitroimidazoles as ligands have been shown to act as radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells in vitro. Sensitization by cis-Pt(II)Cl2 (nitroimidazole)2 complexes is no greater than that which can be demonstrated by the free nitroimidazole ligand alone. These results differ from those previously described for the compound FLAP where an ER of 2.4 was obtained at a concentration of 50 microM. We report that, even using the same treatment technique, the maximum ER that can be achieved is 1.2. Further, the sensitizing efficiency of FLAP cannot be improved when cells are kept in contact with the compound for 12 hours in air prior to deoxygenation and irradiation. In contrast, Rh(II) complexes show much greater sensitization than can be obtained with the free ligand and these compounds are in turn more efficient sensitizers than the comparable Pt(II) complexes. PMID- 6547936 TI - Pharmacology of the mixed-function radio- and chemosensitizers CB 1954 and RSU 1069. AB - We have studied the pharmacokinetics and metabolism in mice of CB 1954 and RSU 1069. Containing both nitro and alkylating (aziridine) substituents, these are lead compounds in the mixed-function analogue series, which show particular promise for sensitizer development. Both compounds are degraded extensively, via pathways including nitro reduction, aziridine ring hydrolysis and aziridine ring removal RSU 1069 (plasma t1/2 22 min) was eliminated more rapidly than CB 1954 (blood t1/2 84 min), and the AUC was three times less. Tissue/plasma ratios tended to be rather lower than those for simple nitroimidazoles of intermediate lipophilicity, which are usually close to 100%. With CB 1954, for example, tumor/plasma and brain/plasma ratios were 58 and 37% respectively, whereas with RSU 1069 the values were 29 and 26%. Nevertheless, tumor concentrations were consistent with potent sensitization. There is, however, scope for pharmacokinetic fine-tuning to modify tissue penetration as appropriate. PMID- 6547937 TI - Photosensitive interaction of RSU 1069 with DNA. AB - RSU 1069 is a 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer with an aziridine-containing side chain. In light (360 nm) the absorbance maximum of the nitro group at 325 nm disappears, which is accompanied by expulsion of the nitro group as the nitrite ion. We suggest an intramolecular cyclization of the aziridine side chain and the C2 of the imidazole ring as a possible explanation. This photosensitive effect was used to determine separately the damage to DNA induced by the reduced nitro group and the alkylating property of the aziridine. The aziridine-induced DNA damage is maximized in the dark when the nitro group is either absent (electrolytically reduced prior to the addition of DNA) or non functional (unreduced). In the light, damage is reduced. Typical DNA damage includes helix disruption leading to single strand breaks and the release of thymidine. Alkaline filter elution studies show evidence only for strand breakage and none for cross linking indicating the drug is capable of mono-functional alkylation only. PMID- 6547938 TI - Reductive fragmentation of 2-nitroimidazoles: amines and aldehydes. AB - Glyoxal has been identified as a product in the fragmentation of reduced 2 nitroimidazole radiosensitizers. Quantitative analysis of glyoxal as its bis (2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone) derivative shows that it is formed in good yield (9-23%) in a variety of 2-nitroimidazoles. In addition to glyoxal a second as-yet unidentified carbonyl compound, and a series of amines are formed when reduced 2 nitromidazoles fragment in the presence of water. One of the amines derived from misonidazole is identified as 1-amino-3-methoxypropan-2-ol, the product of extensive ring cleavage. Radiation chemical reduction of the 2-nitromidazoles proceeds with the consumption of 3 electrons for each molecule reduced. This could imply that a radical disproportionation or dimerization step is involved in the reductive degradation of 2-nitroimidazoles. PMID- 6547939 TI - Nitroaryl compounds as potential fluorescent probes for hypoxia. I. Chemical criteria and constraints. AB - Cellular reduction of nitroaryl compounds is efficiently inhibited by oxygen, and detection of products characteristic of reduction could form the basis for diagnostic tests for the presence of hypoxic cells in tumors. The criteria for suitable compounds include a high sensitivity and selectivity of detection response between oxic and hypoxic cells, which can be provided using fluorescence detection and suitable nitroaryl compounds which have very low fluorescence until reduced. Examples described include a nitroacridine and nitronaphthalimides. Although the intercalating ability of these ring systems lead to high sensitivity for detection of reduced metabolites in vitro by flow cytometry, poor bioavailability is an unwanted consequence of intercalation. The application of several model reducing systems for reduction of potential fluorescent probes for hypoxia is described, and the absorption and fluorescence spectral characteristics of other examples of structures which could form the basis for useful probes are outlined. PMID- 6547940 TI - Nitroaryl compounds as potential fluorescent probes for hypoxia. II. Identification and properties of reductive metabolites. AB - Nitroakridin 3582 (NA) and a nitronaphthalimide (DM113), which fluoresce only upon reduction, have been studied by HPLC. V79-379A cells incubated with NA under 20% or 2% O2 and N2 gave increasing amounts of the fluorescent amine with an hypoxic:oxic differential of 160. Measurement of the uptake of NA showed that it was concentrated within the cell by over 1000-fold. Studies in 3 different cell lines of reduction under hypoxia showed a 7-fold range in amine production. DM113 yields more than one fluorescent product, which show different absorption and fluorescence spectra. Chemical reduction of NA or DM113 using a variety of methods gave, depending on conditions, amine and/or (what was presumed to be) hydroxylamine; the latter was non-fluorescent. In vivo, NA is toxic at greater than 0.19 mumol g-1. At this dose much of the drug is found in the liver and kidneys. Plasma levels at 30 minutes are only 2 microM while tumor concentrations are 10 microM compared to 600 microM in the liver. However, the half life is greater than 1 hr and amine was detectable in these tumors. PMID- 6547941 TI - Perfluorocarbon emulsions in cancer therapy: preliminary observations on presently available formulations. AB - Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions, due to their favorable oxygen transporting properties, have been proposed as tumor sensitizers for application in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. While this application is a very promising one it is by no means simple, and presently available formulations are inadequate. Intravenous administration of these emulsions can produce a severe hemodilution which tends to offset the desired effect; these emulsions can alter the pharmacokinetics of simultaneously administered drugs. Unless these variables are taken into account the risk of false negative and false positive results will be excessive. Of more serious concern are the profound disturbances produced by these emulsions in the reticuloendothelial system. Using two of the more popular PFC, Fluosol-DA and DMA/NONANE, we have shown that daily administration of these emulsions can produce 9-fold increases in liver size and 27-fold increases in spleen size. This problem appears to involve the surfactant used in both emulsions, pluronic F-68. It will be necessary to circumvent this problem before further study of their potential application can proceed. PMID- 6547942 TI - Personal computer word processing for veterinary article writing: personal computers and printers. AB - Word processing makes the writing and altering of scientific articles faster, easier, and more accurate. Personal computers that are ideally suited to this use are now available. Certain factors must be taken into consideration when a system is selected with word processing in mind. A small business computer or a suitable transportable computer, linked to a printer, provides all the hardware, or machinery, necessary. This, along with a sufficiently powerful word processing program, and all the essential accessories, can be purchased for between $2,300 and $6,000. The editors of all (with one uncertain) 29 clinical veterinary and medical journals surveyed will accept articles written by the dense dot matrix or near-correspondence quality printers that frequently accompany personal computers. The major problem affecting the veterinarian who wishes to purchase a personal computer word processing system is that of spending the time to acquire sufficient information in order to choose the computer and the programs that will be appropriate to his or her requirements. These will include the specialized word processing demands of scientific article writing and many other applications, as appropriate. PMID- 6547943 TI - Sakyomicins A, B, C and D: new quinone-type antibiotics produced by a strain of Nocardia. Taxonomy, production, isolation and biological properties. AB - Actinomycete strain M-53, a new soil isolate, was found to produce four quinone type antibiotics. Antibiotic sakyomicin components, A, B, C and D were isolated from the fermentation broth of strain M-53 by XAD-2 column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The components are active against Gram-positive bacteria. Strain M-53 was identified as a strain of genus Nocardia. PMID- 6547944 TI - Penitricin, a new class of antibiotic produced by Penicillium aculeatum. I. Taxonomy of the producer strain and fermentation. AB - A novel antibiotic, penitricin (Ro 09-0804) was discovered in the culture filtrate of a fungal strain NR 5165. Taxonomic studies of the producing organism resulted in its assignment to Penicillium aculeatum. Further examination on penitricin production by other strains of this species and related taxa revealed that penitricin was produced by several other strains of P. aculeatum, but not by any available strains of the closely similar species, P. verruculosum. It was also found that copper ion was essential for production of penitricin. PMID- 6547945 TI - Penitricin, a new class of antibiotic produced by Penicillium aculeatum. II. Isolation and characterization. AB - A novel antibiotic, penitricin, Ro 09-0804, has been produced in the culture filtrate of Penicillium aculeatum NR 5165. This antibiotic was purified by repeated extraction of culture filtrate with 1-butanol, and passage of the crude extracts through Sephadex G-10, followed by HPLC (Shodex Ionpak S-801). Physico chemical characterization was made on penitricin, while two open-ringed penitricins B and C co-produced by the producer strain were also identified. PMID- 6547946 TI - Penitricin, a new class of antibiotic produced by Penicillium aculeatum. III. Structural confirmation by chemical synthesis and biological activity. AB - A novel antibiotic, penitricin showing anti-Gram-negative activity, has been isolated from the culture filtrate of Penicillium aculeatum. Chemical and physico chemical studies determined the structure of penitricin as hydroxymethylcyclopropenone (1), which was confirmed by chemical synthesis from propargyl alcohol. Biological activity of penitricin and several cyclopropenones as well as two metabolites, penitricins B and C was compared. PMID- 6547947 TI - Bacterial production of 7-formamidocephalosporins. Isolation and structure determination. AB - Two new 7-formamidocephalosporins have been isolated as their acetyl derivatives (SQ 28,516 and SQ 28,517) from fermentations of a Flavobacterium sp. SC 12,154. Structure 1 was deduced for SQ 28,516 from its spectroscopic properties while structure 2 was proposed for SQ 28,517. SQ 28,516 exhibits weak antibacterial activity. PMID- 6547948 TI - Isolation and characterization of antibiotic X-14931A, the naturally occurring 19 deoxyaglycone of dianemycin. PMID- 6547949 TI - The synthesis and reaction of a specific affinity label for the hydrophobic drug binding domains of calmodulin. AB - An affinity-labeling reagent for the two hydrophobic drug-binding domains of calmodulin has been prepared and its reaction with calmodulin characterized. The reagent, 10-(3-propionyloxysuccinimide)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine, was shown to be very specific labeling reagent for these domains. Its specificity was demonstrated by the following observations. 1) Previous reports have shown that Ca2+ is required for phenothiazine binding to calmodulin, and here we show that the affinity-labeling reagent reacts with and inactivates calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+, but not in its absence. 2) Inclusion of trifluoperazine, fluphenazine, W-7, or 10-(3-aminopropyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine in the reaction mixture protected calmodulin from inactivation by the reagent. 3) Inactivation by the reagent yielded calmodulin that was no longer retained on a phenothiazine-Sepharose column under conditions in which unreacted calmodulin was retained. 4) The measured stoichiometry of the reaction in the presence of excess reagent was 2.1 mol of reagent per mol of calmodulin which agrees well with previous reports of two high-affinity phenothiazine-binding sites on calmodulin. 5) The stoichiometry of the reaction was further confirmed by tryptic peptide maps which show two phenothiazine-labeled peptides unique to the fully reacted protein. 6) The spectral properties of the reagent, while attached to calmodulin, change in the presence of Ca2+ in a manner consistent with the known effects of Ca2+ binding by calmodulin on these hydrophobic domains. The specificity of the reagent makes it useful for further characterization of these hydrophobic binding domains on calmodulin. PMID- 6547950 TI - Titration of mRNAs for cytochrome P-450c and P-450d under drug-inductive conditions in rat livers by their specific probes of cloned DNAs. AB - By sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA or genomic DNA, we have recently deduced the complete primary structures of two forms of 3-methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochromes P-450 (P-450c and P-450d). Comparing these sequences, we identified two highly conserved regions, amino acid numbers from 35 to 200 and from 340 to 470. The nucleotide sequences corresponding to these homologous regions are also well conserved, whereas other regions have undergone considerable sequence divergence. In RNA blot analysis with unfractionated mRNA isolated from 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rat livers, Probe A (specific to P-450c sequence) hybridized with mRNA around 23 S, while Probe B (specific to P-450d sequence) hybridized with mRNA around 18 S. When common sequence between P-450c and P-450d was used as the probes (Probe C or D), two bands were clearly observed around 23 and 18 S mRNAs. With the common DNA sequence between P-450c and P-450d as a probe (93.7% homology), we studied the induction of specific mRNA for P-450c and P-450d by a single dose of several chemical compounds to rats. 3-Methylcholanthrene increased both P-450c and P-450d mRNA levels by 50 and 10 times above the control at 17 h after the administration, respectively. Despite the lower induction rates, the P-450d mRNA level was constantly higher than or at least similar to that of P-450c mRNA. beta-Naphthoflavone and Kaneclor KC 500 showed similar induction ability to 3-methylcholanthrene. On the other hand, isosafrole induced P-450d mRNA to a much greater extent than P-450c mRNA. PMID- 6547951 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of a proline-rich protein cDNA and peptide homologies of rat and human proline-rich proteins. AB - Plasmids containing cDNAs for proline-rich proteins have been isolated from a cDNA library prepared from parotid glands of isoproterenol-treated rats. The nucleotide sequence of one of these cDNAs (pRP33) has been determined, and it encodes an acidic proline-rich protein. The N-terminal 13 amino acids are highly hydrophobic and may be part of a signal peptide. The next 66 amino acids constitute an acidic domain which is interrupted by a short (8 residue) basic region. The sequence beginning at proline 80 contains six tandemly repeated regions of 18 to 19 amino acids in length with the prototype sequence PPPQGGPQXPPQPGXPQG. Two pairs of these repeats (amino acid residues 116 to 152 and 153 to 189) are 93% homologous in nucleotide sequence. The high homology in both nucleotide and amino acid sequences in the repeat region suggests that this protein may have evolved by duplication of internal portions of a progenitor gene. PMID- 6547952 TI - The murine Ah locus. Comparison of the complete cytochrome P1-450 and P3-450 cDNA nucleotide and amino acid sequences. AB - Mouse cytochrome P1-450 and P3-450 are most closely associated with induced aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase (EC 1.14.14.1) and acetanilide 4 hydroxylase activity, respectively. Full-length cDNA clones of P1-450 and P3-450 were generated from mRNA isolated from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated C57BL/6N mouse liver. P1-450 cDNA is 2620 nucleotides in length and has a coding region (base 110 to 1,675) that produces a protein with 521 residues (Mr = 58,914). P3 450 cDNA is 1,894 nucleotides in length and yields a protein with 513 residues (Mr = 58,183). P1-450 mRNA is the first reported example in mouse in which UAG is used as the termination codon. P1-450 and P3-450, both induced by polycyclic hydrocarbons and regulated by the Ah receptor, exhibit overall nucleotide and protein homology of 68, and 73%, respectively. Segments of high homology, interspersed with regions of low homology, support the hypothesis of gene conversion or unequal crossing over as possible mechanisms for divergence of these two genes. Mouse P1-450 and P3-450 cDNAs were compared with previously published data on rat P-450e cDNA and rabbit form 2 protein, corresponding to two P-450 genes from the "phenobarbital inducible" P-450 gene subfamily. Nucleotide homology between a member of either gene subfamily is about 30%, and protein homology is about 15%, suggesting that the Ah locus-associated P-450 gene subfamily diverged from the phenobarbital inducible P-450 subfamily more than 200 million years ago. An N-terminal and a C-terminal cysteinyl fragment corresponding to the regions around P1-450 Cys-158 and Cys-458, respectively, are the only two cysteinyl peptides conserved among all four proteins compared. Because of greater homology in the C-terminal conserved cysteinyl fragment between the two gene subfamilies and a greater hydrophobic pocket in the C terminal conserved cysteinyl fragment, the data favor this cysteine as the more likely candidate for the thiolate ligand to the heme iron in the P-450 enzyme active-site. PMID- 6547953 TI - Affinity labeling of the aldehyde site of bacterial luciferase. AB - 2-Bromo[1-14C]1-decanal was synthesized as an affinity labeling probe for the aliphatic aldehyde site of Vibrio harveyi luciferase. In the presence of excess amounts of this probe, the inactivation of bacterial luciferase occurred following apparent first order kinetics. This inactivation was markedly retarded in the presence of decanal but neither butanal (a very poor aldehyde substrate) nor FMN (a reaction product derived from reduced FMN) showed any significant protective effect. Upon mixing luciferase with the affinity labeling probe, a noncovalent complex was formed prior to the covalent attachment. At pH 6 and 23 degrees C, the dissociation constant for the binding step and the rate constant for the covalent modification step were determined to be 23 microM and 1 min-1, respectively. The displacement of a bound aldehyde substrate by this probe added secondarily was also demonstrated. The inactivation of luciferase was correlated with both the incorporation of about 1.2 molecules of the probe and the loss of 0.8 to 1.1 cysteinyl residues/luciferase alpha beta dimer. The presence of an essential sulfhydryl group at the aldehyde site of luciferase has thus been demonstrated. This sulfhydryl group was a constituent residue of the alpha subunit and was near the alpha beta subunit interface. This residue appears to be the same essential cysteinyl group previously identified by chemical modification (Nicoli, M.Z., Meighen, E.A., and Hastings, J.W. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 2385 2392). The labeled luciferase did not exhibit any significant binding for the reduced FMN substrate. PMID- 6547954 TI - Phospholipids as acyl donors to membrane proteins of Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - Mycoplasma capricolum, a procaryotic sterol and fatty acid auxotroph, contains a large number of membrane proteins covalently modified by both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (Dahl, C.E., Dahl, J.S., and Bloch, K. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11814-11818). Pulse-chase experiments show that the radioactivity in the fatty acid moieties of the acyl proteins increases rather than decreases during a 4.5-h incubation period suggesting that a large intracellular pool of metabolites such as phospholipid serves as the donor for protein acylation. We find that cells incubated for 4 h in a growth medium containing [3H]palmitate labeled phosphatidylglycerol or 2-[3H]palmitoyl dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine show the same labeling pattern as cells incubated for 4 h in a complete growth medium with [3H]palmitate. Exogenously added phospholipids are not hydrolyzed to free fatty acid during the labeling period. Acylation of proteins is inhibited in cells treated with chloramphenicol showing that there is no pool of proacyl protein in the cell. Labeling of membrane proteins also occurs with [3H]glycerol. Glycerol is incorporated primarily into the same proteins as oleate suggesting that acylation by unsaturated fatty acid may involve a protein bound diglyceride moiety. Palmitate, on the other hand, appears to bind to other sites along the polypeptide chain in addition to the diglyceride moiety. PMID- 6547955 TI - Folic acid does not inactivate xanthine oxidase. AB - In response to a recent report (Lewis, A.S., Murphy, L., Mcalla, C., Fleary, M., and Purcell, S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 12-15) that folic acid was a potent inactivator of xanthine oxidase, the details of this apparent inactivation were studied. In confirmation, we also found that commercially available folic acid produced a time-dependent progressive inhibition (apparent inactivation) of xanthine oxidase. A plot of the pseudo-first order rate constant of the decay of enzyme activity versus the concentration of folic acid resulted in a straight line. This indicated that the progressive inhibition was caused by a slow second order combination of an inhibitor with the enzyme. The second order rate constant for this association (slope of replot) was 5.7 X 10(3) M-1 S-1. The slowness of this constant together with the observation that complete inactivation did not occur suggested that the progressive inhibition might be due to the slow binding of a high affinity contaminant. This was corroborated by the finding that the association constant was decreased to 1.6 X 10(2) M-1 S-1 after partially purifying the folic acid. The compound most likely to be producing this inhibition is pterin aldehyde (2-NH2-4-OH-pteridine-6-aldehyde), a photolytic breakdown product of folic acid. Pterin aldehyde was found to be a progressive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase with an association constant of 2.2 X 10(5) M-1 S 1. When the apparent association constants of commercial and purified folic acid were adjusted to reflect the pterin aldehyde content (3.6% and 0.2%, respectively), they became similar to the association constant of pterin aldehyde. Thus, it seems that the apparent inactivation of xanthine oxidase by folic acid was caused by the slow binding of contaminating pterin aldehyde. PMID- 6547956 TI - Quantitation of energy coupling between Ca2+, calmodulin, skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase, and kinase substrates. AB - Interactions between Ca2+, calmodulin, rabbit skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase, and kinase substrates were investigated by microequilibrium dialysis using 45CaCl2 and by fluorescence anisotropy using fluorescent labeled calmodulin. We have determined the free energy coupling for the interaction of Ca2+ and skeletal muscle myosin light chain kinase with calmodulin (delta GCM), and the free energy coupling for the interaction of calmodulin and enzyme substrates with myosin light chain kinase (delta GSCaM). The mean dissociation constants for Ca2+ interaction with calmodulin in the presence and absence of enzyme were 0.40 and 14 microM, respectively, yielding a minimal estimate for delta GCM of -2.11 kcal/mol of Ca2+ (-8.44 kcal/4 mol of Ca2+). Dissociation constants for the interaction of fluorescent 5-iodo-amino-ethyl-amino-naphthalene 1-sulfonic acid-labeled calmodulin and native calmodulin with skeletal muscle myosin light 100 and 15 nM, respectively. In the presence of substrates (phosphorylatable skeletal muscle myosin light chain and App(NH)p) these dissociation constants were 30 and 3 nM, respectively. The free energy coupling for binding of calmodulin and substrates to myosin light chain kinase was -0.95 kcal/mol of calmodulin. These data confirm that interaction of Ca2+ with calmodulin is highly cooperative in the presence of myosin light chain kinase with the degree of cooperativity dependent upon the concentrations of Ca2+, enzyme, and substrates. PMID- 6547957 TI - Isolation of 2-fluorocitrate produced by in vivo dealkylation of 29 fluorostigmasterol in an insect. AB - A novel pro-insecticide, 29-fluorostigmasterol, is proposed to cause mortality due to release of fluoroacetate during side chain dealkylation. The 29-3H-labeled substrate was fed to third instar tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) and erythro-2 fluoro-[2-3H] citrate was isolated in 0.012% yield by ion-exchange, silica gel, and reverse-phase chromatography of the tricarboxylic acid, trimethyl ester, and trimethyl ester benzoate, respectively. The less toxic 29-fluoro-[29 3H]sitosterol did not provide sufficient labeled fluorocitrate to allow isolation, while a more toxic 16-3H-labeled 16-fluorofatty acid gave nearly 1% conversion to labeled fluorocitrate. This is the first direct chemical evidence for the fate of the two carbons removed during phytosterol dealkylation in an insect. It is also the first use of labeled fluoroacetate precursors to identify labeled 2-fluorocitrate as an in vivo metabolite of these precursors. PMID- 6547958 TI - Comparison of the structures and elicitor activities of a synthetic and a mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol. AB - The elicitor activity and structural characteristics of chemically synthesized hepta- and octa-beta-D-glucopyranosides were compared with the same properties of an elicitor-active mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol. The specific elicitor activities, retention times on reversed-phase liquid chromatography columns, glycosyl-linkage compositions, 1H NMR analyses, and glycosyl-sequence analyses of the synthetic and mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitols were indistinguishable. This work provided conclusive proof that elicitor activity was associated with the structure proposed (Sharp, J. K., McNeil, M., and Albersheim, P. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11321-11336) for the elicitor-active mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol. PMID- 6547959 TI - NMR and computer modeling studies of the conformations of glutathione derivatives at the active site of glyoxalase I. AB - The conformations of four derivatives of glutathione bound at the active site of the metalloenzyme glyoxalase I have been determined by NMR measurements and by computer model building using a distance geometry approach. Paramagnetic effects of Mn2+-glyoxalase I on the longitudinal relaxation rates of the carbon-bound protons of the substrate analog S-(acetonyl)-glutathione at three frequencies, the hydrophobic competitive inhibitor S-(propyl)glutathione at four frequencies, and the charged competitive inhibitor S-(carboxymethyl)glutathione at a single frequency were used to calculate Mn2+ to proton distances in each complex. These and previously determined distances from Mn2+ to the protons and 13C-enriched carbon atoms of the product S-(D-lactoyl)glutathione were used in a distance geometry program to compute the conformations of each enzyme-bound derivative which best fit the measured distances and other known constraints such as bond lengths, van der Waals radii, planar and trans-peptide bonds, and thioester linkages. The distance geometry program also provided a measure of the uniqueness of the conformations consistent with the experimental data. Extended Y-shaped conformations were detected for each of the bound glutathione derivatives, similar to the x-ray structure and the theoretically calculated conformation of glutathione itself, suggesting this to be a low energy form. Acceptable conformations of each enzyme-bound derivative fell into two classes with the metal either above or below the mean plane through the glutathione compound. The conformational uncertainty within each class was relatively small, ranging from deviations of 0.9-1.9 A in the average positions of each of the atoms. A small but significant difference in the conformation of the substrate analog as compared to the product was detected in the position of the reaction center carbon directly bonded to the glutathione sulfur atom. Unlike the second-sphere metal complexes formed by the bound substrate analog, the product, or the hydrophobic competitive inhibitor, the charged competitive inhibitor S (carboxymethyl)glutathione binds farther from the metal, in the third coordination sphere. PMID- 6547960 TI - Asparagine-linked oligosaccharides in murine tumor cells: comparison of a WGA resistant (WGAr) nonmetastatic mutant and a related WGA-sensitive (WGAs) metastatic line. AB - MDW40, a wheat germ agglutinin-resistant (WGAr) mutant of the highly metastatic tumor cell line called MDAY-D2, is restricted to local growth at the subcutaneous site of inoculation. The WGAr tumor cells acquire metastatic ability by fusing spontaneously with a normal host cell followed by chromosome segregation, a process accompanied by reversion of the WGAr phenotype (i.e., WGAs). Since lectin resistant mutant cell lines often have oligosaccharide alterations that may affect membrane function and consequently metastatic capacity, we compared the major Asn-linked glycopeptides in WGAr and WGAs cell lines. [2-3H]mannose-labeled glycopeptides were separated into four fractions on a DEAE-cellulose column and then further fractionated on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column. Glycopeptide structures were determined by: (a) sequential exoglycosidase digestion followed by chromatography on lectin/agarose and Bio-Gel P-4 columns and (b) proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The metastatic WGAs cells had a sialylated poly-N-acetyllactosamine-containing glycopeptide which was absent in the nonmetastatic mutant cell line. Unique to the mutant was a neutral triantennary class of glycopeptide lacking sialic acid and galactose; the WGAr lesion therefore appeared to be a premature truncation of the antennae of the poly-N acetyllactosamine-containing glycopeptide found in the WGAs cells. High mannose glycopeptides containing five to nine mannose residues constituted a major class in both WGAr and WGAs cells. Lysates of both wild-type and mutant cells had similar levels of galactosyltransferase activity capable of adding galactose to the N-acetylglucosamine-terminated glycopeptide isolated from mutant cells; the basis of the WGAr lesion remains to be determined. PMID- 6547961 TI - Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly, a repeating peptide in elastin, is chemotactic for fibroblasts and monocytes. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that tropoelastin and elastin-derived peptides are chemotactic for fibroblasts and monocytes. To identify the chemotactic sites on elastin, we examined the chemotactic activity of Val-Gly-Val-Ala-Pro-Gly (VGVAPG), a repeating peptide in tropoelastin. We observed that VGVAPG was chemotactic for fibroblasts and monocytes, with optimal activity at approximately 10(-8) M, and that the chemotactic activity of VGVAPG was substantial (half or greater) relative to the maximum responses to other chemotactic factors such as platelet-derived growth factor for fibroblasts and formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine for monocytes. The possibility that at least part of the chemotactic activity in tropoelastin and elastin peptides is contained in VGVAPG sequences was supported by the following: (a) polyclonal antibody to bovine elastin selectively blocked the fibroblast and monocyte chemotactic activity of both elastin-derived peptides and VGVAPG; (b) monocyte chemotaxis to VGVAPG was selectively blocked by preexposing the cells to elastin peptides; and (c) undifferentiated (nonelastin producing) bovine ligament fibroblasts, capable of chemotaxis to platelet-derived growth factor, did not show chemotactic responsiveness to either VGVAPG or elastin peptides until after matrix-induced differentiation and the onset of elastin synthesis. These studies suggest that small synthetic peptides may be able to reproduce the chemotactic activity associated with elastin-derived peptides and tropoelastin. PMID- 6547962 TI - Time course and significance of changes in hepatic fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels during refeeding of fasted rats. AB - The time course of changes in hepatic fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (F-2,6-P2) and glycogen content was examined in fasted rats infused with glucose intragastrically or allowed to eat a chow diet ad lib. Initial values for the two parameters were approximately 0.4 nmol/g and 2 mg/g of tissue, respectively. Contrary to what might have been expected on the basis of reported studies with hepatocytes exposed to glucose (i.e., a rapid elevation of F-2,6-P2), the rise in F-2,6-P2 levels in vivo was a late event. It began only 4-5 h after glucose administration or refeeding, at which time glycogen content had reached approximately 35 mg/g of tissue. Thereafter, [F-2,6-P2] climbed rapidly, attaining fed values in the region of 10 nmol/g as glycogen stores became maximal (approximately 60 mg/g of tissue). Although the biochemical basis for these changes is still unclear, the delayed increase in [F-2,6-P2] is entirely consistent with the fact that much of the glycogen deposited in liver in the early postprandial phase is gluconeogenic in origin. The later rise in [F-2,6-P2] likely represents a key signal for the attenuation of gluconeogenic carbon flow into glycogen as the latter approaches repletion levels. PMID- 6547963 TI - An ethanol/ether soluble apoprotein from rat lung surfactant augments liposome uptake by isolated granular pneumocytes. AB - Ethanol/ether soluble apoproteins, comprising 17% of the total recovered surfactant-associated proteins, were isolated from rat lung surfactant and purified by silicic acid chromatography. The protein that eluted in 4:1 chloroform/methanol accounted for greater than 85% of protein in the ethanol/ether soluble fraction and was termed surfactant apoprotein Et (Apo Et). By sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this protein had an apparent molecular weight of approximately 10,500. Apo Et was evaluated for its effect on uptake of synthetic phospholipids in liposomal form by isolated granular pneumocytes (Type II alveolar epithelial cells) in primary culture. Liposomes were prepared to approximate the phospholipid composition of the alveolar surfactant, and uptake was measured by the accumulation of the radioactively labeled dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline fraction. The uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine by cells incubated for 2 h with Apo Et was increased by 61% over control. Most of the cell-associated phospholipid uptake was resistant to treatment with trypsin, suggesting an increased internalization of liposomal material in the presence of Apo Et. The effect of Apo Et on uptake was concentration and time dependent and was not associated with cell damage, phospholipase activity, or detergent properties of the protein. Apo Et had no significant effect on phosphatidylcholine uptake by granular pneumocytes maintained for 7 d in primary culture. Apo Et augmented the uptake of phospholipids by alveolar macrophages although total uptake by these cells was less than that observed with granular pneumocytes. Because Apo Et increases the rate of uptake of surfactant phospholipids by alveolar cells (granular pneumocytes and alveolar macrophages), this protein may represent a physiologically important regulator for clearance of lung surfactant phospholipids. PMID- 6547964 TI - Computers in histopathology. PMID- 6547965 TI - Orbital decompression: postoperative computed tomography. AB - Orbital decompression is an excellent surgical procedure to relieve acute increased intraorbital pressure. The most commonly used approach is via a Caldwell-Luc incision. Far less often a lateral orbitotomy is used. The postoperative CT findings of these procedures are described. It is important to recognize these changes so that they are not mistaken for primary sinus and orbital lesions. PMID- 6547966 TI - Resolution of multiple fluorescence lifetimes in heterogeneous systems by phase modulation fluorometry. AB - Procedures are described for the treatment of phase and modulation lifetime data in fluorescent systems having multiexponential decay. All computer procedures (called FIT programs) arise from the lifetime resolution theory for phase modulation measurements (Weber, G. (1981) J. Phys. Chem. 85, 949-953). The programs most successful in resolving heterogeneous lifetimes use a Monte Carlo approach in which phase and modulation lifetime data at three modulation frequencies are simultaneously utilized. These programs are shown to have more utility than the final closed form procedure presented by Weber (1981). The FIT routines are simple and require little computer time while yielding excellent results. To illustrate the applicability of these programs, defined binary (carbazole and pyrene) and ternary systems (carbazole, pyrene and POPOP) were examined. In most cases, the resolved lifetimes were within 5% of the independently measured value and the fractional fluorescence contributions were within 10% of that expected. These results demonstrate that phase-modulation measurements analyzed by appropriate computer programs are capable of solving for lifetimes in both binary and, in selected cases, ternary systems. An example is given from the recent literature (Dalbey, R., Weiel, J. and Yount, R.G. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 4696-4706) in which the above programs allowed the resolution of both binary and ternary lifetimes of a dansyl label on myosin, where Forster energy transfer was occurring. These lifetimes were used to quantify changes in distances between two activity-related thiols on myosin upon the addition of Mg ATP or its analogs. PMID- 6547967 TI - [Prevention of symblepharon in severe ocular burns. Apropos of 3 cases]. AB - The prevention of symblepharon formation in severe ocular burns can be achieved simply, innocuously and economically, by the application of hen's egg allantoic membrane. Three cases of burns caused by tear gas, sulphuric acid and quicklime were treated by this procedure. The operative procedures, including the membrane preparation and dissection techniques, and methods of applying this membrane to the eye are described. The various advantages of this very old technique, which is apparently not very well-known, are discussed. PMID- 6547968 TI - [Echography in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma]. AB - Echography was performed on 38 eyes enucleated for suspected retinoblastoma. The two major criteria for the echographic diagnosis of retinoblastoma were the presence of intratumoral calcifications and normal axial length of the eye with respect to age. No errors in diagnosis were made on the 25 eyes considered to be cases of retinoblastoma by echographic criteria. Two doubtful cases turned out to be pseudogliomas and in 11 cases the diagnosis of pseudoglioma by ultrasonic examination was confirmed by histopathology. The results are compared with those of 67 cases of retinoblastoma examined from 1964 to 1977 by one of the authors and to other published series. This study helps to demonstrate the importance of echography in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma and in the differentiation between retinoblastoma and pseudoglioma . PMID- 6547970 TI - A software package for the calculation and statistical analysis of 51Cr-release assays. AB - A software package has been developed to calculate, store, and statistically analyze the results of 51Cr-release assays. It is written in Applesoft BASIC, is 'user friendly', and contains error trapping routines to catch most common mistakes. The greeting program contains a master menu from which one of the following programs may be called up: (1) 51Cr-release calculation, (2) statistical analysis, or (3) file manager. These programs give the user the capability to rapidly reduce cpm data to % specific release and statistically analyze the results using randomized design analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey's honestly significant difference (HSD) test. PMID- 6547969 TI - Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in thyroid cancer. AB - Serum tissue polypeptide antigen, (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), calcitonin (CT) and thyroglobulin (Tg) have been measured by specific radioimmunoassays in 174 patients with various types of thyroid cancer previously submitted to thyroidectomy. Elevated serum TPA concentrations were found in 12 of 13 patients with local invasion or distant metastases from undifferentiated thyroid cancer or thyroid lymphosarcoma, while serum Tg and CEA values were normal or undetectable. In 123 patients with well differentiated thyroid cancer serum TPA was usually normal regardless of the presence or absence of functioning metastases. On the contrary, 14 of 15 patients with "dedifferentiated" metastases from previously differentiated thyroid cancer had elevated serum TPA values, while serum CEA was normal and serum Tg variable. Serum CT was confirmed as the most sensitive marker of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma, but elevated serum TPA values were also found in most of these cases. The present data indicate that serum TPA provides a new humoral marker in the follow-up of undifferentiated and "dedifferentiated" thyroid carcinoma and may also be usefully employed as an additional marker for medullary thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 6547972 TI - [A BASIC mini-data-base program for hand-held computers for lab-bench users]. PMID- 6547971 TI - XII International Leprosy Congress. New Delhi, February 20-25, 1984. Abstracts. PMID- 6547973 TI - [An experimental study on the stability of the knee joint. Special reference to the mechanisms of rotatory stability of the knee joint]. AB - In order to evaluate the stabilizing mechanisms of the ligaments, menisci and the conformity of the condylar surface, six human knee joints and five dog's knee joints were tested by the rotatory stability testing machine devised by myself. The torque-rotation curve and the amount of the up hill movement were measured under various compressive loads. Internal and external rotation were applied to the knee joint with range of 0.2 radian respectively. During rotatory movement, various compressive loads (0 kgf, 20 kgf, 40 kgf, 60 kgf, 80 kgf) were applied on the tibio-femoral joint. The following results were obtained in this study. Within a range of 0.2 radian in internal and external rotation respectively, rotatory stability was almost unaffected by sectioning of the cruciate ligaments. Rotatory stability was affected significantly by sectioning the medial collateral ligament. Almost the same results were obtained by removal of the medial meniscus. The intrinsic factors, especially the medial collateral ligament and the medial meniscus, provided the stability of external rotation for the knee joint. The amount of the up hill movements were measured 0.5 mm in internal rotation, and 0.1-0.2 mm in external rotation respectively. Only after removal of the medial meniscus, the amount of the up hill movement were decreased obviously. This decreases of the up hill movement were observed in external rotation. So, it was concluded that medial meniscus has the stabilizing mechanism of external rotation by the up hill movement. The conformity of the condylar surface was an important factor in the stability of the knee joint under compressive load. Especially, it restricts internal rotation. PMID- 6547974 TI - [Presentation of a case of Graves' disease with neutropenia and splenomegaly: propylthiouracil-induced autoimmune neutropenia and review of the literature on the drug-induced lupus-like syndrome]. PMID- 6547975 TI - BASIC or Pascal: which is the language for the generalist? PMID- 6547976 TI - Uptake, metabolism, and releasability of ethyl analogues of homocholine by rat brain. AB - Ethyl analogues of homocholine were synthesized and used to describe further the specificities of the processes involved in choline uptake and acetylation and acetylcholine storage and release. Monoethylhomocholine, diethylhomocholine, and triethylhomocholine decreased the transport of choline into rat brain synaptosomes. The mono- and diethyl compounds were taken up into synaptosomes with similar affinity for the transport system as choline (5.8, 8.5, and 5.5 microM, respectively) but at a somewhat slower rate (11.3, 8.5, and 37.3 nmol/g original tissue/h, respectively); the triethyl analogue was not transported at the concentrations tested, which further defines the structural specificity of the transport system. L-Carnitine did not affect the transport of the analogues. The in situ acetylation of mono- and diethylhomocholine by slices of rat cerebral cortex was measurable, but the in vitro acetylation by choline acetyltransferase solubilized from rat forebrain was not. Acetylation of the diethyl analogue by slices of cerebellar cortex was less than 20% of that by slices of cerebral cortex. Subcellular fractionation of cerebral slices showed that acetyldiethylhomocholine localized preferentially to the cytosolic rather than vesicular stores, indicating specificity of the mechanism responsible for the incorporation of acetylated product into the vesicles. The release of acetyldiethylhomocholine and of acetylcholine was tested from sliced brain that had been incubated with the precursors. Both esters were released spontaneously but stimulation with increased K+ concentration enhanced the release of acetylcholine without changing the release of acetyldiethylhomocholine, suggesting that evoked transmitter release occurred from a vesicular store. PMID- 6547977 TI - Effect of molybdenum-deficient and low iron diets on xanthine oxidase activity and iron status in rats. AB - We tested the hypothesis proposed by Topham, Woodruff and Walker that intestinal xanthine oxidase is important for iron absorption. We made weanling rats xanthine oxidase-deficient and measured their growth and iron status. There were no significant differences between control and xanthine oxidase-depleted rats in growth or iron absorption or a variety of measures of iron metabolism, except that xanthine oxidase-depleted rats accumulated nonheme iron in the liver. Iron deficiency caused a loss in intestinal xanthine oxidase activity, but also caused an increase in hepatic xanthine oxidase activity. This result may be important for understanding changes in purine and protein metabolism during iron deficiency. PMID- 6547978 TI - Severe homozygous protein C deficiency. AB - An infant with recurrent purpura fulminans in the first year of life was found to have severe homozygous deficiency of protein C (less than 1% of normal levels). The episodes of purpura fulminans were controlled by infusions of fresh frozen plasma containing protein C. The requirement of frequent plasma infusions, however, eventually resulted in several complications secondary to hyperproteinemia. Factor IX concentrates rich in protein C were then given to maintain adequate levels of the factor while minimizing the amount of extraneous proteins. The patient has remained asymptomatic and free of complications for greater than 10 months while receiving these concentrates every 48 hours. PMID- 6547979 TI - Suppressive effect of ciramadol on the bradykinin-induced activities of the lamina V-type cells of the rat spinal dorsal horn. AB - The effects of a new analgesic drug, ciramadol, on single neuronal activities of lamina V-type cells of the spinal dorsal horn were investigated in spinal rats when applied microelectrophoretically to the cells or administered systemically. In the majority of lamina V-type cells examined, ciramadol inhibited the activities induced by intra-arterial injection of bradykinin (painful stimulation) but not those induced by mechanical noxious and innocuous stimuli. These results directly evidence that ciramadol acts on the lamina V-type cells of the spinal dorsal horn to block the bradykinin-induced (nociceptive) activities there. PMID- 6547980 TI - Hypolipidemic activity of 3-N-(1',8'-Naphthalimido)propionic acid in rodents. AB - 3-N-(1',8'-Naphthalimido)propionic acid was synthesized and shown to effectively lower both serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels in rats and mice. In hyperlipidemic mice, serum lipid levels were lowered significantly, approaching normal levels of cholesterol and below normal levels of triglyceride. The serum lipid levels were reduced due to accelerated clearance of cholesterol via the biliary route as well as a lowering of available acetyl CoA in the cytoplasm for liver de novo cholesterol and triglyceride syntheses. The liver regulatory enzyme of fatty acid and triglyceride syntheses were depressed by drug treatment. Significant reduction of liver lipids as well as the lipid content of the lipoprotein fractions were observed. The agent possessed a safe therapeutic index when used as a hypolipidemic agent. PMID- 6547981 TI - Histone positions within the nucleosome using platinum labeling and the scanning transmission electron microscope. AB - An approach to studying the organization of macromolecular complexes using heavy atom labeling has been developed and applied to the problem of determining the positions of the histone proteins within the nucleosome. The approach is based on the capability of the scanning transmission electron microscope to image heavy atoms. Nucleosomes containing histones labeled with heavy atoms were prepared by lysine modification of selected histones with methyl (methylthio)acetimidate, followed by reconstitution of the modified histones into nucleosomes, and reaction of the reconstituted nucleosomes with chloroglycyl-1 methioninatoplatinum (II). Micrographs of the platinum-labeled nucleosomes were obtained using the scanning transmission electron microscope, and analyzed using both computer and manual techniques. The results of the analysis were 24 A resolution maps of the distribution of high electron scattering density picture elements (representative of platinum atoms) indicating the position of each histone. The significance of those results and the general applicability of the platinum-labeling techniques are discussed. Finally, a description of the histone positions within the nucleosomes is presented and discussed in relation to the current literature on nucleosome structure. PMID- 6547982 TI - Computer-assisted urodynamics. AB - We have assembled a computer hardware system and have written software programs that convert analogue urodynamic input to digital data. This has allowed for 1) extremely accurate recording of urodynamic events with a higher frequency response than existing units, 2) data storage of urodynamic events in digital form on floppy disks, 3) retrieval and plotting of urodynamic studies during and at times remote from the study performance, and 4) manipulation of the parameters in the urodynamic study for patient care and research purposes. Software is now available for the performance of cystometrograms (volume, total pressure, intravesical pressure and dP/dt), electromyograms, flow studies and dynamic renal pelvic pressure testing. Programs are in the development phase for computer analysis of urodynamic studies. PMID- 6547983 TI - Summary statistics on graduate medical education in the United States. PMID- 6547984 TI - [CVP or C-MOPP combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (intermediate grade of working formulation)]. PMID- 6547985 TI - [Reactive histiocytosis complicated with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 6547986 TI - [Development and evaluation of a total hospital information system featuring order entries]. PMID- 6547987 TI - [Thyroid nodule after radioiodine (131I) therapy for Graves' disease]. PMID- 6547989 TI - NIH consensus panel report: Precursors to malignant melanoma. PMID- 6547988 TI - Effect of combination therapy with cimetidine and pirenzepine on plasma parathyroid hormone and calcitonin levels in hemodialyzed patients. AB - In this study we evaluated the effects of an oral combination therapy with cimetidine and pirenzepine on plasma parathyroidhormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) levels in 24 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (mean age: 50 years; mean duration of dialysis treatment: 23 months). As compared to the pre-treatment plasma levels of PTH and CT, there were no significant changes of their plasma concentrations during a 4-week administration of 800 mg cimetidine or 100 mg pirenzepine daily, and the concentrations also did not change significantly during the following 4 weeks of combination therapy with cimetidine and pirenzepine in the above mentioned dosage. Serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate and the activity of the alkaline phosphatase showed no significant changes either. Therefore, we suggest that this therapeutic approach cannot be considered for the treatment of uremic hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6547990 TI - Cimetidine-sucralfate drug interaction. AB - To study a possible drug interaction between cimetidine (C) and sucralfate (S) a crossover design was employed using four beagle dogs in each of the three groups: C alone, S alone, C plus S. A one week washout period elapsed between each treatment. C (300 mg, spiked with 3H material 9.9 microCi) was given P.O. by stomach catheter. S (1000 mg) was given as intact tablet. To group 3, C was administered 1 h after S dosing. In presence of S ka of C decreased significantly from 3.99 +/- 0.75 to 2.31 +/- 0.19 (SD) 1/h, and tmax increased significantly from 0.59 +/- 0.12 to 1.00 +/- 0.08 (SD) h. In presence of C Cmax and AUC (0-8) of aluminum increased from 21.38 +/- 4.78 to 29.25 +/- 5.86 (SD) mcg/ml and from 132.3 +/- 40.8 to 168.1 +/- 22.0 (SD) (mcg/ml) h. Absorption of C is delayed in the presence of S. Concomitant administration of C and S results in increased systemic availability of aluminum. PMID- 6547991 TI - [Venereological study in Stockholm: 1 in 3 homosexual men had infections requiring treatment]. PMID- 6547992 TI - Norepinephrine-like effects of neuropeptide Y on LH release in the rat. AB - Neuropeptide Y, a recently isolated neuropeptide exhibited norepinephrine-like effects on LH release after intracerebroventricular administration at doses from 0.5 to 10 micrograms. While it promptly suppressed LH release in ovariectomized rats, there was a dose-related stimulation of LH secretion in ovarian steroid primed-ovariectomized rats. In view of the evidence that neuropeptide Y may coexist with adrenergic neurotransmitters, these findings suggest that it may play a role in regulation of LH release in the rat, either independently or in concert with catecholamines. PMID- 6547993 TI - Light microscopic autoradiographic localization of [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]( )quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in human stellate ganglia. AB - We have utilized the LKB Ultrofilm method of autoradiography to anatomically localize putative M1 and M2 muscarinic receptor subtypes in human stellate ganglia. Ten micron sections were labeled in vitro with either 1 nM of the classical antagonist [3H](-)quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H](-)QNB) or 20 nM of the non-classical antagonist [3H]pirenzepine ([3H]PZ), using 1 microM atropine sulfate to define non-specific binding for both ligands. Our results indicate that [3H](-)QNB and [3H]PZ binding sites are distributed within the principal ganglion cells and nerve bundles. PMID- 6547994 TI - [Influence of mineral waters as a diluent of milk on the excretion of sugar, nitrogen and fats]. PMID- 6547995 TI - Breast cancer today. PMID- 6547996 TI - mRNA sequence for human cardiodilatin-atrial natriuretic factor precursor and regulation of precursor mRNA in rat atria. AB - The mammalian cardiac atrium has recently been shown to contain numerous peptides that exert marked effects on kidney function and vascular resistance. With one exception, the peptides have potent natriuretic and diuretic activities, and sequence similarities suggest that they may be derived from a common atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) precursor. The exception, cardiodilatin (CDD), differs from the ANF peptides in possessing potent vasorelaxant activity, but not natriuretic and diuretic activities. Here we report the cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the human precursor protein (preproCDD-ANF) containing both the CDD and ANF sequences. The CDD sequence represents the N-terminal sequence preceded directly by a signal peptide, while the ANF sequence is present at the C-terminal end of the protein. Using hybridization analysis, we further show that the amount of rat preproCDD-ANF mRNA, which is synthesized selectively in the atria but not the ventricles, markedly decreases on water deprivation, suggesting that the water-electrolyte balance may be an important factor in the regulation of the expression of the preproCDD-ANF gene. PMID- 6547997 TI - Plasma protease inhibitors in mouse and man: divergence within the reactive centre regions. AB - The plasma protease inhibitors control a wide variety of physiological functions including blood coagulation, complement activation and aspects of the inflammatory response. The inhibitors function by forming a 1:1 complex with a specific protease within the reactive centre region of the inhibitor. Little is known about the evolutionary relationships of these inhibitors. We report here the sequences of cDNAs which represent the C-terminal halves of the two major murine plasma protease inhibitors. One of these, murine alpha 1-antitrypsin, more appropriately called alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI), has diverged from its human counterpart at a vital position in the reactive centre but this has not led to a physiologically significant change in function. Also, we have determined the partial sequence of a recently characterized protein termed contrapsin, which inhibits trypsin-like proteases. We show, surprisingly, that contrapsin is highly homologous to human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, an inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like proteases. The reactive centre regions of these two inhibitors have diverged considerably, which may account for the differences in specificity. We propose that the genes for contrapsin and human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin are the descendents of a single gene that have evolved since rodent and primate divergence to encode proteins with different functions. PMID- 6547998 TI - Comparison of central gastric antisecretory effects of desmethylimipramine, doxepin and pirenzepine in rats. AB - Certain tricyclic drugs, some of which are primarily used clinically as antidepressants, have been shown to act as gastric antisecretory agents. The anatomical site(s) and mechanism(s) of action of these agents is, however, in most cases unclear. In this study, we found that desmethylimipramine (DMI) was approximately 28 times more potent in inhibiting gastric acid secretion when administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.) than when administered intravenously (i.v.) in pylorus-ligated rats, which is indicative of a site of action in the central nervous system. Qualitatively similar results were obtained with pirenzepine where the i.c./i.v. potency ratio was 8. Doxepin also preferentially inhibited acid secretion when given i.c. at low but not at high doses. Atropine and chlorpromazine were equipotent antisecretory agents by both routes of administration. Doxepin and DMI but not pirenzepine were effective inhibitors of brain stem norepinephrine uptake in vitro thus making this an unlikely common mechanism to explain the central actions of these compounds. PMID- 6547999 TI - CAP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, cisplatinum) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - Fourteen patients with advanced carcinoma of the breast were treated with CAP combination therapy. An objective therapeutic response (partial remissions with a mean duration of 6.3 months) was achieved in 6 of 13 evaluated patients. This response was observed in soft tissue metastases. Nausea and vomiting were found to be the most frequent undesirable side effects in all patients and could not be avoided by administration of antiemetics. In 2 patients mild nephrotoxicity was found without any effects on further therapy. The results of this study were considered as promising; a definitive assessment of the CAP regimen is expected to come from a randomized study which started in the CMEA countries in 1983. PMID- 6548000 TI - Comparison of the antinociceptive effect between D-Arg containing dipeptides and tetrapeptides in mice. AB - D-Arg containing dipeptides, H-Tyr-D-Arg-OMe and H-Tyr (Et)-D-Arg-OMe, and D-Arg2 substituted N-terminal tetrapeptides of dermorphin, H-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Gly-OEt and H Tyr (Et)-D-Arg-Phe-Gly-OEt administered intracerebroventricularly exhibited dose dependent antinociceptive activities in mice as measured by the tail pressure and phenylbenzoquinone writhing tests. The effects of these peptides used were significantly antagonized by the pretreatment with naloxone, indicating that these effects must be produced through opioid receptors. Furthermore, it is of conspicuous interest that the effects of tetrapeptides revealed in infinitestimal order (ED50 = 12.5 and 355.0 pmole in the tail pressure test and 3.1 and 53.0 pmole in the phenylbenzoquinone writhing test, respectively) and was much more potent and prolonged than those of morphine, not to mention dipeptides used. However, judging from the difference of peak times and the degree of the antagonism by naloxone, it was suggested that dipeptides and tetrapeptides used might act on different sites of action in the central nervous system. PMID- 6548001 TI - Evolution and resolution of intracranial bacterial (mycotic) aneurysms. AB - Surgical therapy of bacterial intracranial aneurysms may prove difficult when multiple aneurysms are present or lesions are proximally located. Two patients underwent operation for bacterial intracranial aneurysms without resolution of their problems, in one case because of the involvement of a proximal branch of a dominant middle cerebral artery and in the other because of the presence of multiple bilateral aneurysms. Both patients underwent multiple angiographic evaluations during the course of treatment with documentation of complete resolution of their aneurysms over many months. The time course of the evolution and resolution of the bacterial intracranial aneurysms identified in the two patients is described, and antibiotic therapy and cardiac surgery are discussed. PMID- 6548002 TI - Use of a lectin-peroxidase conjugate (WGA-HRP) to assess the retinotopic precision of goldfish optic terminals. AB - The lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA), conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), is an effective tracer for goldfish optic axons. Under suitable conditions, WGA-HRP injected iontophoretically into the normal goldfish tectum is taken up by retinotopic optic terminals (but not by axons of passage) and labels a small, discoid patch of retinal ganglion cells. Under identical conditions, unconjugated HRP is mainly taken up by injured axons of passage. WGA-HRP injected into the tectum after regeneration of the contralateral optic nerve again labels a small patch of ganglion cells, demonstrating the extent to which regenerated terminals are also retinotopic. PMID- 6548003 TI - Hyperbaric intrathecal morphine analgesia during labor in a patient with Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - The Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome can complicate the anesthetic management of the pregnant patient. These patients are prone to arrhythmia that can be accompanied by hypotension. Maintenance of a stable heart rhythm is necessary for both maternal and fetal well-being. An optimal anesthetic regimen that provides minimal cardiac and hemodynamic changes has not been determined. Intrathecal administration of opiates for obstetric analgesia has been found to provide hemodynamic stability because no motor or sympathetic blockade occurs. The authors report the successful use of intrathecal injection of morphine for labor analgesia in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 6548005 TI - The management of ophthalmic Graves' disease. AB - From a series of 124 consecutive patients, parameters were developed in the management of Graves' disease. Patients who were stable with symptomatic treatment were observed and followed. Oral steroids, 40 to 80 mg prednisone daily, were moderately effective in reducing progressive soft tissue inflammatory signs, but were less effective in controlling myopathy and lid retraction. Radiotherapy, 1000 rad from each lateral port, was most effective in halting the progressive inflammatory component, particularly in those who had a recent rapid rate of change. Dysthyroid optic neuropathy required high dose steroids; if it was not effective, decompression of the orbit was carried out. Once the disease became stable, myopathy, lid retraction, and exophthalmos were surgically treated on an elective basis. The techniques utilized were tarsorrhaphy, lateral canthoplasty, upper and lower eyelid retractor release, and one- to three-wall orbital decompression. PMID- 6548006 TI - [Preoperative cytodiagnosis of thyroiditis]. PMID- 6548004 TI - Treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcomas with a modified CYVADIC protocol. AB - 33 consecutive patients with metastatic or locally recurrent soft tissue sarcoma were treated with a modification of the CYVADIC (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, dacarbazine) protocol. In an attempt to enhance the response rate without increasing the toxicity, the dose of Adriamycin was raised to 60 mg/m2 and the dose of cyclophosphamide to 600 mg/m2 in each cycle. The dose of dacarbazine was decreased to 150 mg/m2/day for 5 days. Of 31 evaluable patients there were 4 complete responses (13%) and 9 partial responses for a total response rate of 39%. 11 patients (33%) had minimal response or stable disease. The response achieved with our dose modification was no better than that achieved in several series with conventionally dosed CYVADIC. PMID- 6548007 TI - Blue Shield ordered to repay withheld funds. PMID- 6548008 TI - [Second tumor following Hodgkin's disease]. AB - This article deals with the case of a three year old boys suffering from a M. Hodgkin stage IA who was given telecobalt radiation in 1975. A year later he was again given radiation because of a local recurrence and additionally treated by chemotherapy according to the MOPP scheme. Six and a half years after the first diagnosis we noticed the incidence of a not differentiated neurogenic intracerebral tumor. The question if chemotherapy and radiotherapy possibly cause the incidence of second malignancies is now under discussion. PMID- 6548009 TI - Prevention of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in rhesus monkeys by tin protoporphyrin. AB - Rhesus monkey infants were injected subcutaneously at birth with 12 to 100 mumol of tin-protoporphyrin IX, a competitive inhibitor of microsomal heme oxygenase. The elevated unconjugated serum bilirubin levels of the neonates receiving this metalloporphyrin rapidly declined to near adult levels by 24-30 h. Control neonates which received an injection of saline exhibited normal physiologic hyperbilirubinemias of from 3-6 mg/dl by 12-24 h as expected. These studies establish the effectiveness of tin-protoporphyrin IX in depressing bilirubin production and preventing physiologic hyperbilirubinemia in simian neonates. Two of six animals receiving the metalloporphyrin exhibited signs of toxicity. PMID- 6548010 TI - The regional distribution and determinants of myocardial blood flow during asphyxia in the fetal lamb. AB - The syndrome of hypoxemia-related myocardial dysfunction in the newborn is generally associated with severe intrapartum asphyxia. We investigated the changes in total and regional distribution of myocardial blood flow (MBF) that occur during asphyxia and the factors that regulate MBF, in the chronically prepared, near term, fetal lamb. Studies were done in the awake, physiologically stable state 36-72 h after surgical preparation. In utero asphyxia was produced by partial cord occlusion and blood flow to fetal organs was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. A complete set of control measurements was made, and then an occlusion loop was inflated to partially occlude the umbilical vessels. After 30-60 min of partial occlusion, all measurements were repeated. The third set of measurements was made after release of the occlusion loop. Six animals were studied and 17 sets of measurements obtained. Partial umbilical cord constriction produced a progressive asphyxia and acidosis. Cardiac output was severely depressed, although the increase in percentage of cardiac output directed to the myocardium (%F) was very significant. Release resulted in improved cardiac output and O2 and CO2 exchange, although the metabolic acidosis was worse. No change occurred in the intramyocardial distribution of MBF during asphyxia or recovery. Total MBF was not significantly increased during asphyxia. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and heart rate were statistically significant predictor variables for absolute MBF, accounting for about 45% of the variation in MBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548011 TI - [Intracranial septic aneurysm in an infant. Apropos of a case and review of the literature]. AB - This case report describes a four and a half month old infant with all meningitis symptoms and a sub arachnoidal hemorrhage at the lumbar puncture. Transfontanelle - ultrasonography and computed tomography enables us to diagnose a right intra cerebral hematoma. Angiography visualises a mycotic aneurysm in a distal portion of the sylvian artery. A success is obtained both by neuro surgery and antibiotics treatment. Regarding this case of intra cranial septic aneurysm and the ones reviewed in the literature, aetiology, frequency, clinical features and management are discussed by the authors. PMID- 6548012 TI - Effect of Ca2+-independent myosin light chain kinase on different skinned smooth muscle fibers. AB - In various skinned smooth muscle fiber preparations, (porcine carotid artery, rat tail artery, chicken gizzard and Taenia coli from guinea pig) a Ca2+-independent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) initiated a contraction in absence of Ca2+. While the Ca2+ insensitive MLCK was effective on the vertebrate smooth muscles it did not act on the invertebrate skinned skeletal muscle preparation from Limulus and anterior byssus retractor muscle from Mytilus edulis. The results indicate that in vertebrate smooth muscles phosphorylation is sufficient for activation and that there is no obligatory role for an additional mechanism in initiation of contraction. PMID- 6548013 TI - Intrasaccular bubbles of near-zero surface tension stabilize neonatal lungs. AB - Mature rabbit fetuses produce intrapulmonary foam at the onset of breathing at birth. Bubbles establish a minimal volume immediately and require relatively little distending pressure for their formation. Stability of bubbles that are formed during both rapid spontaneous breathing in vivo and slow inflation deflation of excised lungs is determined by the surfactant content of fetal pulmonary fluid (FPF). Mature bubbles can be delivered at atmospheric pressure from all aerated saccules by microdissection. When observed in air-equilibrated normal saline solution (NSS), their stability with time indicates that film surface tension (gamma) is very low, i.e., near-zero. When mature FPF is replaced with NSS, stable bubble production is absent. Conversely, supplementation of immature FPF with a surfactant dispersion prior to aeration induces bubbles that are as stable (near-zero gamma) as those from mature lungs. Proper mixing of the supplement, e.g., by repeated inflation-deflation, is required for proper distribution of foam in the immature fetal saccules. From these findings, it may be concluded that bubbles establish the condition for production of near-zero gamma in situ. The latter stabilizes the lung by sustaining normal liquid transfers (Pattle theory). In addition, bubble films promote mechanical stability by providing a saccular infrastructure that resists collapse and retards surface spreading. PMID- 6548014 TI - Activation of heparin cofactor II by heparin and dermatan sulfate. AB - Heparin cofactor II is a glycoprotein present in human plasma at a concentration of approximately 1.2 microM. It inhibits thrombin by forming a stable, 1:1 complex with the protease. The rate of complex formation is increased approximately 1,000-fold by heparin or dermatan sulfate. Heparin cofactor II appears to be the only thrombin inhibitor in plasma that can be activated by dermatan sulfate. Platelet factor 4 abolishes the activation of heparin cofactor II by dermatan sulfate, but plasma histidine-rich glycoprotein does not. Heparin cofactor II is activated by dermatan sulfate oligosaccharides that are at least 12-14 sugar residues in length and contain a high-affinity binding site for the inhibitor protein. PMID- 6548015 TI - Subfamilies of the mouse major urinary protein (MUP) multi-gene family: sequence analysis of cDNA clones and differential regulation in the liver. AB - The mouse major urinary proteins (MUPs) are the products of a multi-gene family of 30-35 genes whose members exhibit diverse tissue specific, developmental, and hormonal controls. Three cDNA clones corresponding to liver MUP mRNAs have been sequenced. Two of the clones (p499, C57BL/6 and p1057, BALB/c) share strong homology whereas a third clone (p199, C57BL/6) has diverged considerably from the others at the nucleic acid (85% homology) and protein (68% homology) levels. The 5' regions of p499 and p199 which show the most sequence divergence were subcloned and shown to hybridize to different liver MUP mRNAs. The p499-5' sequence was expressed in all MUP expressing tissues (liver, lachrymal, submaxillary and mammary) whereas the p199-5' sequence was expressed primarily in the liver and lachrymal. Analysis of liver RNA from mice in different endocrine states indicates that the p499-5' sequence is strongly regulated by thyroxine administration whereas the p199-5' sequence is not. Both sequences appear to be regulated by growth hormone and testosterone. Southern blot analysis of mouse genomic DNA indicates that there are multiple genes homologous to each sequence. PMID- 6548017 TI - Electron-affinic compounds for labelling hypoxic cells: the synthesis and characterization of 1-[2-(2-iodophenoxy)-ethyl]-2-nitroimidazole. AB - Highly lipophilic and protein-bound derivatives of 1-(2-phenoxy-ethyl)-2 nitroimidazole (PENI; RGW-609), a known radiosensitizer, have been prepared by introducing one (IPENI) and two (DIPENI) iodine atoms into the phenyl ring via electrophilic substitution. The electron affinity of all 3 compounds, as determined by differential pulse polarography, was similar to that for MISO, a radiosensitizer which has undergone clinical trial, but P values were 2-3 orders of magnitude greater that for MISO and %PB values were as high as 30% in vitro compared to less than 1% for MISO. 131I-PENI was prepared by catalysed halogen exchange with Na131I in greater than 90% yield, and was found to be chemically and radiochemically stable in solution for at least 2 weeks. Whole-body studies in BDF/1 mice bearing EMT-6 tumors showed rapid hepatic extraction and biliary elimination with little or no accumulation in any other tissue including tumor and fat, indicating that P and % PB values had little impact on in vivo distribution and disposition. 131I-PENI was not measurably deiodinated in vivo. IPENI and DIPENI are radiosensitizers by inference only, that is, they have not been tested for radiosensitizer properties. However, PENI, the parent compound, has been shown to be active as a radiosensitizer, and the peak potentials (polarographic) for both IPENI and DIPENI fall near those of MISO, PENI and most other 2-nitroimidazole sensitizers. The low levels of concentration in target tissues achieved by 131I-PENI mitigate against its use as a diagnostic agent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548016 TI - A polycationic amine that induces unique conformational changes in poly(dA-dT) in low salt. AB - Circular dichroism was used to examine alterations in the secondary structure of poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT) upon binding polymer X, a polycationic CD probe for aspects of DNA structure. Stable complex formation is evidenced by increasing Tm and the appearance of large extrinsic bands in the greater than 300 nm, region which increase proportionally with r (ratio of polymer charge to DNa phosphate), in the range 0.0 to 0.32. At relatively low values of r (less than .32), CD spectra of the poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT)-polymer X complex show a gradual non cooperative inversion in the long wavelength portion (275 nm) of the intrinsic band in low salt solutions suggesting structural and conformational flexibility in poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT) and further implicating polymer X as a potential probe for variations in DNA secondary structure. The dinucleotide repeat configuration of poly(dA-dT) X poly(dA-dT) is presumed to play a role in the observed intrinsic CD changes. NMR data support an "alternating B" conformation for the complex. PMID- 6548018 TI - Chlamydia and sexual abuse. PMID- 6548019 TI - PHI--a new brain-gut peptide. AB - The detection of the C-terminal amide structure in porcine intestinal extracts has led to the discovery of a 27 amino acid residue peptide designated PHI (PHI 27, peptide HI). The peptide was found to have structural homologies to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF). Subsequent studies have revealed that PHI exhibits a variety of biological activities which resemble those of VIP. Moreover, it was found that the peptide is able to inhibit the binding of VIP to its receptors, and to stimulate cyclic AMP production. PHI is present in both brain and gut in high concentrations and probably acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator rather than a hormone. A comparison of the amino acid sequences of porcine, human and bovine PHI indicated that human PHI differs from the porcine peptide in two positions (12 and 27), and bovine PHI differs in one position (10). The amino acid sequence (deduced from the cDNA sequence) of the VIP precursor recently obtained from human neuroblastoma cells also contains an identical sequence to the newly-isolated human PHI from human colonic extracts. PHI has thus been shown to be co synthesized with VIP in the same precursor molecule. PMID- 6548020 TI - Production of VIP- and PHM (human PHI)-related peptides in human neuroblastoma cells. AB - We demonstrated the production and release of a peptide structurally identical with porcine and bovine VIP-28 in human neuroblastoma NB-OK-1 cell line. In the cells, VIP-like immunoreactive (IR-VIP) components of 8 K dalton (Kd), 11 Kd, 18 Kd and 30 Kd were also detected and the 8 Kd and 18 Kd components were apparently released into the culture medium, indicating the possibility of less extended or limited processing of the VIP precursor in the cultured cells of tumor origin. The cells were also shown to produce, simultaneously with the VIP-28, a PHI/PHM like immunoreactive (IR-PHI/PHM) component which coeluted with synthetic PHM-27, not PHI-27, in reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition to the PHM-27-like component, another IR-PHI/PHM component was detected in the cell extract which eluted in HPLC immediately before synthetic PHM-27 and crossreacted with PHI-27 amino-terminal specific antiserum but not with PHI-27 central-portion specific or PHM-27 carboxyl-terminal specific antiserum. The presence in NB-OK-1 cells of this IR-PHI/PHM component related to the amino terminal portion of PHI/PHM suggested possible alternative(s) of post translational processing of the VIP precursor in the cells in terms of the production of PHM-27-related peptides. PMID- 6548021 TI - Immunochemical study on PHI/PHM with use of synthetic peptides. AB - We have synthesized PHI and PHM (human PHI) as well as their fragments, PHI (1 6), PHI (1-15), PHI (14-19), PHI (14-27), PHI (20-27), PHM (1-15) and PHM (13 27), by the solution or solid-phase method for peptide synthesis. Using the highly purified synthetic peptides as immunogens or haptenic immunogens, five kinds of PHI/PHM specific antisera were produced. The major antibody-recognition sites of the five antisera were located respectively in the PHI C-terminal (R8201), in the PHI N-terminal (R8403), in the PHM C-terminal (R8502), and in the PHM whole molecule (R8702 and R8703). Radioimmunoassays (RIAs) with antisera R8201, R8403 and R8502, respectively, showed a wide distribution of immunoreactive (IR) PHI/PHM in porcine and human gastrointestinal and brain tissues. The concentrations of IR-PHI in the porcine gastrointestinal tissues, however, differed between the R8201 and R8403 RIAs employed for measurement. By using these two different PHI RIAs, the IR-PHI in the porcine brain tissue extract was shown to be almost a single component coeluting with synthetic PHI in gel filtration. The IR-PHI in the extract of porcine lower intestine on the other hand, contained, besides a PHI-like component, unidentified component(s) eluting immediately after synthetic PHI in gel filtration; this crossreacted with the PHI C-terminal specific R8201 antiserum but not with the N-terminal specific R8403 antiserum, suggesting the presence of the C-terminal-related fragment(s) of PHI in the tissues. PMID- 6548022 TI - Studies on the distribution of PHI in mammals. AB - We have developed a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay to PHI and investigated its distribution in four mammalian species (man, cat, guinea-pig and rat). PHI was present in high concentrations, not only in intestine but also in brain, respiratory tract, urogenital tract and other peripheral tissues. Its distribution was similar to that of VIP and in each tissue examined there was always a significant correlation between the concentrations of these two peptides. In a survey of endocrine tumours, PHI was found to be produced only in those tumours that also produced VIP. In addition PHI was only elevated in the plasma of patients that also had high plasma VIP concentrations. This parallel distribution and release was found to be due to the co-synthesis of VIP and PHI in the same pro-hormone peptide. However, the variable ratio of VIP/PHI in different anatomical areas suggest that in these areas there is a different post translational enzyme processing of the precursor protein. PMID- 6548023 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of [L-3,4-dehydroproline3]-tuftsin. AB - A 3,4-dehydroproline analogue of tuftsin (L-Thr-L-Lys-L-Pro-L-Arg) was prepared by the solid phase synthetic method. Following reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification, the analogue was compared to tuftsin for its ability to to enhance the chemotactic, bactericidal and phagocytic activities of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Both tuftsin and [delta 3-pro3] tuftsin elicited a similar significant chemotactic effect at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. A slight suppression of the chemotactic activity was observed with tuftsin at 10(-3) micrograms/ml and with [delta 3-pro3]-tuftsin at concentrations of 10(-3), 10(-2) (significant) and 10-1 micrograms/ml. Although similar bactericidal activities were observed for both peptides, PMN exposed to [delta 3-pro 3]-tuftsin exhibited increased phagocytic indicies 2-4 times that of tuftsin-treated PMN at concentrations of 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 microgram/ml. PMID- 6548024 TI - Modification of the hypothermic circadian cycles induced by DSIP and melatonin in pinealectomized and hypophysectomized rats. AB - Both melatonin and DSIP (a nine amino acid peptide) effects have been previously shown to be (a) circadian rhythm related and (b) involved in inducing hypothermic effects in rats. In this study we report the hypothermia effects by each of these drugs alone and in combination when studied in normal (unoperated), pinealectomized, and hypophysectomized rats at various time points of the corresponding circadian cycle. A clear differential effect of drugs X time X preparation was found. While both DSIP and melatonin hypothermic effects were both circadian cycle dependent in intact rats the rhythmicity of melatonin hypothermic effect in pinealectomized rats, and DSIP hypothermic effect in hypophysectomized rats was missing. Although several hypotheses have been offered to account for the physiological mechanism(s) that govern the effects of the drugs, it is not yet possible to reliably relate the findings to existing neurochemical theory. PMID- 6548025 TI - Acute oliguric renal failure secondary to lymphomatous infiltration of the kidneys. AB - A case of lymphomatous infiltration of the kidneys presenting as acute oliguric renal failure of unknown cause is described. Renal biopsy was required to establish the diagnosis. Combined chemotherapy (MOPP) produced significant improvement in renal function. PMID- 6548026 TI - Recycling turkey hens with low light intensity. AB - Yearling turkey breeder hens were recycled into a second egg production cycle by exposure to 16 hr of light per day (16L:8D) of .5, 2.2, 4.3, or 7.6 lx intensity. Controls were exposed to 6L:18D of 55 lx intensity. At the end of the 8-week recycling treatments, all hens were photostimulated with 16L:8D of 55 lx intensity and the time to first egg and rate of egg production were recorded. Low light intensity terminated photorefractoriness and resulted in egg production comparable to the controls in the .5 lx treatment only. Light intensities of 2.2, 4.3, and 7.6 lx resulted in significantly reduced egg production. Turkey hens can be successfully recycled with a low light intensity of .5 lx but not 2.2 lx or greater. PMID- 6548027 TI - [Role of thermography in diagnosing thyroid diseases]. AB - To reveal the thyroid diseases, 115 patients having different abnormalities of this organ were examined with the use of thermography. The data obtained were compared with those of the control group of 20 practically healthy subjects as well as with the clinical picture and the radioisotopic, histologic and cytologic findings. Thermography made it possible to identify the disorders in 97.3% of the cases. Nodular goiter was characterized by hypothermia, whereas the diffuse toxic forms by hyperthermia in the thyroid projection. Struma maligna was characterized by the presence of a focus of hyperthermia. In disseminated processes, diffuse hyperthermia was detectable in the region of neoplastic metastases as well. PMID- 6548028 TI - [Natural resistance and humoral immunity of patients with endemic and diffuse toxic goiters]. PMID- 6548029 TI - [Surface-active properties of lung tissue in evaluating the postoperative period in tuberculotics]. PMID- 6548030 TI - Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP)-like material exists in peripheral organs of rats in large dissociable forms. AB - The presence of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in brain has been shown by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and by immunocytochemistry. We now describe the occurrence of DSIP-like material in the peripheral organs of the rat as measured by RIA. Tissue from 12 areas was extracted with water, and the amounts of immunoreactive material found to be between 86 pg/mg tissue (muscle) and 849 pg/mg (stomach). Recoveries of about 80% of added DSIP were achieved at tissue concentrations of 1 mg/ml or less. This percentage was reduced in liver at higher concentrations. The percentage of small peptide adsorbed by charcoal was greatly increased at lower tissue concentrations in all organs. This effect was significant and linear. Chromatography on columns of Sephadex G-15 and G-25 showed immunoreactive material mostly larger than DSIP. Digestion with trypsin, however, produced small immunoreactive peptides with only a minimal reduction in total immunoreactivity. Thus, DSIP-like material is widespread in peripheral tissues and appears to exist mainly in a large form, probably bound to protein, that can be reduced in size by tryptic digestion and can be dissociated at lower concentrations of tissue to yield small immunoreactive peptides. PMID- 6548031 TI - Assessing occupational hazards to reproduction: uses of existing data sets. PMID- 6548032 TI - Synthesis, antibacterial and antitumour activity of platinum complexes of glyoxal and pyruvic acid thiosemicarbazones. PMID- 6548033 TI - Anti-inflammatory activity of 3 beta-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-withanolide F. PMID- 6548034 TI - Shoulder reconstruction following disarticulation for ruptured mycotic aneurysm. AB - A method of wound management following shoulder disarticulation is described. In this report, the primary lesion is a mycotic aneurysm of the axillary artery. The pectoralis major muscular flap provides satisfactory coverage and maintains shoulder contour. It can be performed in a single procedure. Preoperative arteriography is important to determine the extent of arterial damage as well as the vascular anatomy of the proposed flap. PMID- 6548035 TI - [Effect of thymalin on the thymus and immunologic indices of irradiated animals]. AB - The intramuscular injection of thymaline (1 mg/kg/day during 5 days) enhanced the regenerative processes in the thymus and favored the normalization of some immunological indices of irradiated guinea pigs. PMID- 6548037 TI - Proposed amendment of procedures for scale-up of organisms listed in Appendix C. PMID- 6548036 TI - Advertising of contrast material: a developing problem. AB - Problems exist when indications for the use of new contrast agents and new indications for the use of conventional contrast agents are considered in relation to advertisements. Ultimately, the consumer pays the cost of expensive FDA testing, often to prove what is already obvious. Other medically indicated uses of a contrast agent may remain unapproved because there is no financial incentive to seek approval, and needed modifications in already approved advertisements may not be sought for the same reason. A cooperative effort among manufacturers, radiologists, and the FDA is needed to improve the process. PMID- 6548038 TI - PROPOSED AMENDMENTS OF SECTION III-A OF NIH GUIDELINES. PMID- 6548039 TI - Toxins classified under Appendix F of the guidelines. PMID- 6548040 TI - Location of topics in NIH Guidelines for research involving recombinant DNA molecules. PMID- 6548041 TI - [Construction of a microcomputer-based pulse-counting system]. PMID- 6548042 TI - [Validity of Clements' test in the presence of bile acids in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 6548043 TI - Pharmacologic toxicity of cimetidine on hepatic and renal drug metabolism. AB - We studied the effect of cimetidine on liver and kidney heme metabolism and on the activity of the cytochrome P-450 drug metabolizing enzyme system. Results show that the induction of a heme biosynthetic enzyme and the activities of two drug metabolizing enzymes are impaired when cimetidine is given in combination with phenobarbital (PB). When rats were given four 33 mg doses of cimetidine IP per day for 2 days and sacrificed, we found no significant effect on kidney or liver delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase activity. Heme oxygenase and cytochrome P-450 levels were also unchanged in these tissues. In contrast, when we measured activities of certain liver drug metabolizing enzymes, it was found that cimetidine significantly inhibited aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine-N demethylase by 43% and 65%, respectively. The observed changes in the activities of these drug metabolizing enzymes led us to study cimetidine in combination with other drugs. When the porphyric inducing agent allylisoprophyacetamide (AIA) was administered alone, we found a 326% increase in hepatic ALA synthase activity at 16 hours. Cimetidine given together with AIA increases hepatic ALA synthase 291 and 300% at 16 and 20 hour intervals respectively. Cytochrome P-450 levels in AIA treated rats with or without cimetidine were decreased to 52-65% of control values without a significant change in heme oxygenase levels. When PB was given alone, we found an increase in hepatic ALA synthase activity by 223 and 400% at 16 and 20 hour intervals, respectively. Cimetidine in combination with PB at the same time intervals showed a slightly diminished increase of hepatic ALA synthase activity by 146 and 238%, respectively. When PB was given alone, hepatic cytochrome P-450 was increased 96% at 16 hours, whereas when combined with cimetidine a similar increase of hepatic cytochrome P-450 was observed. In conclusion cimetidine does not significantly alter the action of the porphyric agents PB and ALA on cytochrome P-450; however, combined administration of PB plus cimetidine does impair the induction of ALA synthase. Additionally, cimetidine markedly decreased the drug metabolizing enzymes aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine-N-demethylase in vivo, and subsequently may interfere with the endogenous metabolism of other drugs. PMID- 6548045 TI - Occurrence of fibrous sodium aluminumtetrafluoride particles in potrooms of the primary aluminum industry. AB - Inorganic fibrous particles have been found in the work environment of the primary aluminum industry. Based on scanning electron microscopic analysis, the concentrations ranged from 9 to 720 fibers/cc. The fibers were generally thinner than 0.1 micron in diameter and shorter than 5 microns. By electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and selected area electron diffraction the fibers were identified as sodium aluminumtetrafluoride. PMID- 6548044 TI - Induction of hepatic heme oxygenase and its effect on drug metabolizing enzyme by DL-, D- and L-ethionine administration to rats. AB - The chronic administration of ethionine, an analogue of methionine and alkylating hepatocarcinogen, to rats resulted in the decrease of hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme activities and cytochrome P-450 content. In contrast, the activity of hepatic heme oxygenase, a first enzyme of heme degradative pathway, was increased following ethionine administration. delta-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase, a key enzyme of heme biosynthesis pathway, was also increased except during 9 to 15 weeks of the experimental period. Changes of cytochrome P-450 content and heme oxygenase activity were proportional to the carcinogen provided period. Further, ethionine induced neoplastic nodules showed more profound changes in heme oxygenase, ALA synthetase and drug metabolizing enzyme activities than the surrounding liver. Similar changes in the enzyme activities were also obtained by a single administration of ethionine to rats and these effects were dependent upon dose levels of the carcinogen except ALA synthetase activity. These results revealed that ethionine is a mild inducer of hepatic heme oxygenase. It is thus likely that induction of heme oxygenase produced by ethionine could lead to the decrease of cytochrome P-450 and drug metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver. The decrease of heme availability due to induction of heme oxygenase by ethionine may be one of the explanations for the decrease of cytochrome P-450 content under the experimental conditions. PMID- 6548046 TI - Vaginal candidiasis in a sexually transmitted disease clinic. PMID- 6548047 TI - [A case of chronic macrophageal leukemia]. PMID- 6548048 TI - [Monolayer culture of bone marrow and splenic fibroblasts in lymphoproliferative diseases]. AB - The authors describe the results of monolayer cultivation bone marrow and spleen fibroblasts in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. The efficacy of colony formation of fibroblasts (ECFf) was studied in 10 patients with chronic lympholeukemia, 4 with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, in 5 with lymphocytoma of the spleen, and in 3 with lymphosarcoma of the spleen. The control group comprised 7 normal subjects. Comparison of the ECFf on the spleen and bone marrow during lymphocytomas demonstrated the ECFf in the bone marrow to be low (0.24 +/- 0.16) in contrast to the high and normal ECFf in chronic lympholeukemia and leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. The ECFf in the spleen of patients with lymphocytomas was high (4.20 +/- 0.90), i. e. higher than in the control group (1.1 +/- 0.31). In lymphosarcoma of the spleen, the growth of fibroblasts was low in both the bone marrow and the spleen (0.15 +/- 0.13 and 0.10 +/- 0.01). These data suggest that the growth of stromal elements in lymphatic tumors is determined by the characteristic features of tumor cells. PMID- 6548049 TI - Effects of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane on hepatic heme synthesis. AB - Previous studies showed that 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) caused a decrease in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 [D.E. Moody, B. Head, and E.A. Smuckler (1979) J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. 3, 177-190; D.E. Moody, G.A. Clawson, C.H. Woo, and E.A. Smuckler (1982) Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 66, 278-279], suggesting that hepatic heme metabolism may be affected by DBCP treatment. This study tested this hypothesis. Various parameters of hepatic heme synthesis were measured at intervals ranging from 0 to 72 hr in male Sprague-Dawley rats given a single oral dose (200 mg/kg) of DBCP. Incorporation of the radiolabeled heme precursor [delta 14C]aminolevulinic acid (14C-ALA) into liver, protein, extracted heme, and subcellular fractions of liver homogenates was significantly decreased to 75, 58, and 81% of controls, respectively, at 24 hr. At 48 and 72 hr after DBCP treatment, the accumulation of 14C-ALA label after 4 hr in liver homogenates and subcellular fractions was significantly increased in comparison to controls. These changes in 14C-ALA uptake were accompanied by decreases in total liver and microsomal heme, but not mitochondrial heme. Decreases were found in the spectral content of two heme proteins, cytochromes P-450 and b5, and the activity of another heme protein, catalase. Heme oxygenase activity increased to 130, 151, 209, and 186% of control values at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hr after DBCP, respectively. A slight, but significant, increase in ALA-synthetase to 112% of controls occurred at 24 hr, and slight, but significant, decreases in ALA dehydratase to 90 and 80% of control occurred at 12 and 24 hr, respectively. No significant changes in uroporphyrinogen-1-synthetase or ferrochelatase at the time points tested was noted. The porphyrin content of liver was increased to 130% of control, while the serum and urine porphyrin levels were decreased to 30% of the control values at 24 hr. Liver ALA content was not significantly altered through the time period studied, but serum and urine levels were increased at 24 hr to 176 and 130% of the control values, respectively. In conclusion, the decreases in liver heme proteins following a single oral dose of DBCP are accompanied by alterations in heme turnover, particularly a prolonged increase in heme oxygenase activity. PMID- 6548050 TI - Stimulation of lipid peroxidation and heme oxygenase activity with inhibition of cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase in the liver of rats repeatedly exposed to cadmium. AB - Exposure of rats to 0.1 and 0.5 mg Cd/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) thrice weekly for 5 weeks resulted in an accumulation of cadmium in the liver in concentrations of 40 and 95 micrograms/g tissue, respectively, and a microsomal burden of Cd amounting to approx. 2-3% of the retained cadmium. The cytoplasm contained about 80% of the cadmium. At an exposure dose of 0.1 mg Cd/kg, stimulation of lipid peroxidation by 22% and inhibition of ALA synthetase by 16% in the liver were observed. The higher exposure of 0.5 mg Cd/kg caused an inhibition of microsomal monooxygenase with depression of cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 by 20% (over 2-fold prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping time and statistically significant decrease of activity of aniline p-hydroxylase). The loss of cytochrome P-450 probably was due to an intensified lipid peroxidation and induction of heme oxygenase (30% and 60% over control, respectively). Sequestration of cadmium by cytoplasm (metallothionein) does not protect microsomes against cadmium accumulation and specific biochemical disturbances. PMID- 6548051 TI - Disposition of intratracheally administered chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in rabbits. AB - Intratracheal instillation of 51CrCl3 in anaesthetized rabbits resulted in partial absorption. In blood, the absorbed material was entirely confined to the plasma compartment. Only trace amounts were deposited in liver and kidney. By contrast, after similar application of Na(2)51CrO4 the bulk of blood radioactivity was present in erythrocytes. Substantial deposition occurred in liver and kidneys. It is concluded that Cr(VI) may enter the body unreduced via the lung and is partly deposited in cells over a prolonged period of time. PMID- 6548052 TI - Freehand sectioning with parafilm. PMID- 6548053 TI - Vitamin D status of Saudi men. AB - Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D have been determined in 65 Saudis, 45 white and 12 dark-skinned non-Saudis. The subjects were healthy male blood donors and living in Riyadh (latitude 24 degrees), Saudi Arabia for more than one year. A high percentage of the studied population were found to have low serum levels and to be at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency. Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were normal. Avoidance of sunshine is probably the main factor contributing to vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabia. Encouragement of exposure to sunlight and fortification of food with vitamin D are indispensable measures for improving the vitamin D status of the population of Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6548054 TI - A retrospective study of FAM regimen in 38 patients with advanced gastric cancer. AB - Gastric carcinoma has a very poor prognosis, with a survival rate at 5 years of 13%. Various chemotherapy regimens have been used in the advanced stages of the disease. The best results were obtained using the FAM combination. We treated 38 patients with advanced measurable gastric cancer using the FAM combination and obtained 23.67% complete plus partial remission (CR + PR) (32% with more restrictive criteria for eligible patients) and 34% no change. The median length of response was 30 weeks in CR patients (range 20-100) and 26 weeks (range 12-34) in PR patients. Responsive patients (CR + PR) had a median survival of 12.3 months (range 5-22) compared to nearly 4 months (range 2-8) for unresponsive patients. PMID- 6548056 TI - [Consumption of volatile nitrite in the clientele of a clinic for venereal diseases]. PMID- 6548055 TI - [Hepatitis B in a venereological clientele in Copenhagen]. PMID- 6548057 TI - [Topography of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus--arthroscopico-anatomic study]. AB - The topographic relation of the popliteus bursa to the peripheral rim of the lateral meniscus is described with particular attention to the arthroscopic appearance. The arthroscopic findings are compared to sections of knee joints obtained after amputation. As a constant result we found a peripheral separation of the lateral meniscus in the posterior part which extends for 2-3 cm. In consequence of these physiological defects in the superior and inferior attachments to the joint capsule the popliteus bursa communicates with the central part of the joint cavity on the femoral and in the majority of cases on the tibial level of the lateral meniscus. These anatomical conditions which appear arthroscopically as a peripheral longitudinal tear might be confounded with a traumatic or degenerative lesion of the lateral meniscus. PMID- 6548058 TI - Modeling acoustic attenuation of soft tissue with a minimum-phase filter. AB - Soft biological tissue has been observed to exhibit an acoustic attenuation log magnitude characteristic which increases as an approximately linear function of frequency. This paper describes the implementation of a finite-impulse-response (FIR) digital filter model for simulating this behavior on a digital computer. To insure that the filter is causal, the minimum-phase constraint is imposed. For minimum-phase filters, the log-magnitude and phase characteristics form a Hilbert Transform pair. The discrete-time Hilbert Transform of the linear log-magnitude characteristic was evaluated to determine the phase of the filter. The inverse Fourier Transform of the resulting real and imaginary components of the frequency transform produces the finite-duration unit-sample response of the digital filter model. Experimental results using plexiglas material, which has a linear-with frequency loss characteristic, indicate that the minimum-phase model is more accurate than the linear-phase model, resulting in a rms error between predicted and observed time waveforms that is 3 times smaller. The effects of varying the sampling period and the size of the FIR filter are discussed. A FORTRAN program to calculate the minimum-phase unit-sample response from the slope of the log magnitude characteristic is included in the Appendix. PMID- 6548059 TI - Simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART): a superior implementation of the art algorithm. AB - In this paper we have discussed what appears to be a superior implementation of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART). The method is based on 1) simultaneous application of the error correction terms as computed by ART for all rays in a given projection; 2) longitudinal weighting of the correction terms back-distributed along the rays; and 3) using bilinear elements for discrete approximation to the ray integrals of a continuous image. Since this implementation generates a good reconstruction in only one iteration, it also appears to have a computational advantage over the more traditional implementation of ART. Potential applications of this implementation include image reconstruction in conjunction with ray tracing for ultrasound and microwave tomography in which the curved nature of the rays leads to a non-uniform ray density across the image. PMID- 6548060 TI - [Speech testing after cochlear implantation]. PMID- 6548061 TI - Ivermectin in the dog. PMID- 6548062 TI - [Changes in lipid metabolism and surface activity of pulmonary surfactant under the effect of continuous current (experimental study)]. PMID- 6548063 TI - [Treatment with sidnonimine derivatives of chronic ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6548064 TI - [Effect of korvatone on the hemodynamic indices of rheumatism patients]. PMID- 6548065 TI - [Use of glucocorticoids by women with threatened premature labor for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants, and their survival]. PMID- 6548066 TI - [Cytostatic therapy in metastatic breast cancer]. AB - Although no breast cancer patient can be cured after metastases have been found, the fact that survival is prolonged and the symptoms and signs of advanced disease can be relieved, often impressively, by the administration of cytostatic chemotherapy justifies their implementation. Chemotherapy is only one aspect of a comprehensive treatment modality in this controversial field and has to be strictly reviewed in the light of indications and contraindications in every single patient. Step-by-step development over the past twenty years has proven the clear-cut advantages of polychemotherapy over a single-drug regimen. Adriamycin, the parent drug of the large group of anthracyclines has proved to be a highly efficacious substance in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Chronic administration of this compound is associated with the development of dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. This side effect is the most important limiting factor for the unrestricted use of this drug. Over the past years several anthracycline analogues have been developed which appear to be as effective against metastatic breast cancer as the parent compound. Moreover, there is some slight evidence that these drugs show less cardiotoxic activity than adriamycin. However, on objective review of the common treatment schedules in current use or under trial at present, it must be concluded that not one fully satisfies the ideal criteria of a safe and practicable procedure which does not stress the patient and is universally effective. PMID- 6548067 TI - Urinary metabolites of orally administered di-(5-hexenyl) phthalate and di-(9 decenyl) phthalate in the rat. AB - Di-(5-hexenyl)- and di-(9-decenyl) phthalates were administered to male CD rats by gavage. The urinary metabolites retaining the phthalate moiety were identified by chromatographic and mass-spectrometric techniques. Di-(5-hexenyl) phthalate gave rise to epoxide and vicinal diol metabolites not previously seen with phthalic acid esters of saturated alcohols. Neither epoxide nor diol were detected when di-(9-decenyl) phthalate was fed. The distributions of carboxyl terminated metabolites suggested that somewhat different pathways were followed for the two test compounds. The formation of epoxides from these unsaturated phthalate esters may have relevance to their potential toxicities. Like the metabolites of di-n-butyl phthalate, the metabolites of di-(5-hexenyl) phthalate included glucuronide conjugates; like the metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, those of di-(9-decenyl) phthalate did not. PMID- 6548068 TI - [Functional stenosis. Current theory of the pathogenesis of meniscal ganglion]. AB - A new theory to pathogenesis of menisceal cysts will be demonstrated. There are many reasons that the so called lateral menisceal cyst grow from a recessus popliteus like ganglia to a "Stenosis-valve-mechanism". Otherwise the seldom medial menisceal ganglia will arise e.g. from bursa anserina. There will be too the possibility of small synovialrecessus of the joint which follow behind the lateral and medial meniscus. PMID- 6548069 TI - [Molecular genetic variants of thalassemia]. PMID- 6548070 TI - [Original Soviet complex of substances cidizol-KV for individual prevention of venereal diseases]. PMID- 6548071 TI - [Automated analysis of the cerebral cortex using a television image analyzer]. AB - In the context of the development of approaches to a quantitative automated analysis of neural tissue, the use of television image analyzers seems to be fairly promising. A complex of programmes for the television analysis system (TAS) by "Leitz Company" has been developed to implement an automated analysis of cerebral cortex sections. At the first stage of investigation, the operator sets a plan of scanning the object in the interactive regimen and with a small magnification of the microscope. The second stage involves the focusing and discrimination of images, selection of objects for analysis and measurement of the principal stereological parameters of neurons with a large magnification and at an automatic regimen. The curves obtained of changes of the stereological characteristics of the cortex in relation to the distance to the surface are in good agreement with the cytoarchitectonic pattern observed. Thus, the use of the TAS allows for the effective automated processing of neuromorphological preparations. PMID- 6548072 TI - [Intra-articular stabilizers of the knee joint]. PMID- 6548073 TI - The differential diagnostic problems in unilateral euthyroid Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Nine consecutive patients with unilateral ophthalmopathy with suspected endocrine pathogenesis were investigated with a TRH test, a T3 suppression-test, thyroid autoantibodies and a subsequent computerized tomography (CT)-scan. All patients were clinically and biochemically euthyroid. Seven of 9 patients had a normal TRH test and 6 of 7 had a normal T3 suppression test. Slightly to moderately elevated microsomal and thyroglobulin (determined with radioimmunoassay) autoantibodies were found in 5 of 8 patients and in 1 patient thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) were found. Three of the patients had normal thyroid function tests and no detectable thyroid autoantibodies. The subsequent CT-scan revealed that one of these had a maxillary tumour protruding into the orbita. The remaining 8 patients had enlargement of one (3 patients) or more (5 patients) eye muscles. Two of the 8 patients had bilaterally enlarged eye muscles, one of which was the patient with positive TSI. The remaining 6 patients had unilateral extraocular muscle enlargement. Thus, 2 of 9 patients had ophthalmopathy without thyroid dysfunction so-called isolated autoimmune ophthalmopathy or Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid function tests seem to be of limited value in the diagnosis between endocrine and non-endocrine eye disease, and we recommend the use of diagnostic imaging (e.g. CT-scan) in patients with unilateral exophthalmus in order to diagnose malignant processes. PMID- 6548074 TI - Circulating vitamin D metabolites and hypercalcaemia of malignancy. AB - Plasma concentrations of 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol were measured in 44 patients with malignancy associated hypercalcaemia and related to other hormonal regulators of calcium metabolism. Immunoreactive PTH concentrations were suppressed in all but 2 patients and, as a group, patients with hypercalcaemia of malignancy had lower 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations than normocalcaemic cancer patients. 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations were clearly detectable in a significant proportion (43%) of hypercalcaemia cases however, suggesting that in these patients the active vitamin D metabolite may contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of the hypercalcaemia by stimulating bone resorption, and/or by increasing absorption of calcium from the intestine. Measurement of plasma 1.25 dihydroxycholecalciferol concentration does not provide a wholly reliable method for distinguishing the hypercalcaemia of malignancy from primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6548075 TI - Primary lymphoma of the brain associated with AIDS. A study of one case. AB - A typical case of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been clinically and morphologically studied. This homosexual man whose past history was significant for i.v. drug abuse and sexually transmitted infection presented several opportunistic infections with a profound impairment of cell-mediated immunity. Autopsy showed an intense lymphoid depletion, CMV-generalized infection, and a primary large cell immunoblastic lymphoma of the brain. The present case is discussed in the light of recent literature. PMID- 6548076 TI - Elevated serum parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in lactating women nursing twins. AB - The roles of vitamin D, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone in calcium metabolism during lactation may be more evident in women secreting very large amounts of milk for a number of months, as in mothers nursing twins. We report significant increases in serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D in mothers nursing twins compared to mothers nursing single infants. Serum concentrations of calcium actually increased in both groups during lactation. Maternal intakes of calories, calcium, and phosphorus were significantly higher in mothers nursing twins. Thus, mothers nursing twins were able to compensate for higher calcium losses in breast milk by increased dietary intakes of calcium as well as increased serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. PMID- 6548077 TI - Neonatal circumcision. PMID- 6548078 TI - Localization of messenger RNA-specifying sequences to the human Y chromosome. PMID- 6548079 TI - Collaborative phase I-II study of recombinant DNA-produced leukocyte interferon (clone A) in metastatic breast cancer, malignant lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. AB - Fifty-two patients with advanced cancer received sequentially escalating doses of 3 to 50 million units of recombinant DNA-produced alpha interferon by daily intramuscular injection. There were 23 patients with metastatic breast cancer, 17 patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, and 12 patients with multiple myeloma. Complete and partial remissions were obtained in 35 percent of patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphoma, whereas rare activity was found in breast cancer and multiple myeloma. Dose-limiting toxicity occurred in patients receiving 36 million units or more and consisted of fatigue/asthenia, weight loss, and elevation of transaminase levels, requiring frequent interruption, reduction in dose, or cessation of treatment. Hematologic toxicity was rarely a limiting factor, but myelosuppression was severe in some patients with multiple myeloma. All toxicities were reversible on discontinuation of treatment. Antibodies to recombinant leukocyte A interferon were seen infrequently but may adversely affect therapy. PMID- 6548080 TI - Oncogenous osteomalacia. Review of the world literature of 42 cases and report of two new cases. AB - The clinical and biochemical data in 42 reported cases of oncogenous osteomalacia are reviewed, and data in two previously unreported cases are recorded. It is likely that the syndrome is more common than suggested by the paucity of reports and may account for a substantial fraction of nonfamilial, adult-onset "idiopathic" osteomalacia. Tumors associated with the syndrome are characteristically benign, of mesenchymal origin, highly vascular, and composed principally of giant and spindle cells. Complete excision of tumors results in cure of the osteomalacia in the majority of patients. The syndrome presumably represents an instance of humor-induced phosphaturia but supporting experimental data are scanty. Plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol are uniformly low, and treatment with this metabolite is generally very effective; however, abnormal vitamin D metabolism cannot by itself account for the syndrome. PMID- 6548081 TI - Far-advanced primary hyperparathyroidism in an 18-year-old young man. AB - Advanced debilitating primary hyperparathyroidism has become a clinical rarity as the condition is diagnosed at an asymptomatic stage in more patients. An 18-year old young man is described who was referred because of an expanding facial mass. Evaluation revealed the classic musculoskeletal findings of severe primary hyperparathyroidism, as originally reported in the early part of the century. PMID- 6548082 TI - Graves' disease in pregnancy years after hypothyroidism with recurrent passive transfer neonatal Graves' disease in offspring. Therapeutic considerations. AB - Symptoms and signs of severe hypothyroidism developed in a young woman at age 15. These symptoms progressed for a year; at age 16, she was found to have a firm goiter, thyroid autoantibodies, very low serum thyroxine and high thyrotropin values, indicating autoimmune thyroiditis with hypothyroidism. She received L thyroxine, 0.20 mg per day, and was well until age 24 when she became pregnant. In the first trimester, manifestations indicative of hyperthyroidism developed; these were only ultimately recognized immediately after delivery of a 32-week still-born goitrous baby. Despite the discontinuation of thyroxine therapy, the hyperthyroidism persisted and was confirmed as Graves' disease by elevated thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and radioactive iodine uptake values, a diffuse scanning result, and the presence of thyroid-stimulating antibody. The patient was treated with propylthiouracil and became pregnant while receiving that regimen. Later, several months after delivery, the patient was treated with radioactive iodine, ultimately became hypothyroid, and has been treated ever since with thyroxine. She became pregnant again and, because of the continuing high titers of thyroid-stimulating antibody, received propylthiouracil, 100 mg daily, commencing in the third trimester of pregnancy, to avoid probable fetal hyperthyroidism due to the transplacental transfer of thyroid-stimulating antibody. In each of the last two pregnancies, when the infants were born, they seemed normal (because of the transplacental effect of propylthiouracil), but passive-transfer neonatal hyperthyroidism developed in each within 10 days after delivery, ultimately requiring treatment by conventional means. This case illustrates the following points: (1) Hyperthyroidism occasionally develops years after hypothyroidism. (2) In young women, high titers of thyroid-stimulating antibody may produce fetal and neonatal passive-transfer hyperthyroidism even at a time when the mother herself is no longer hyperthyroid; transplacental treatment of the fetus by maternal propylthiouracil ingestion may thus be necessary during the last trimester, but only when there is a high degree of probability that the fetus is at risk. (3) Because the infants had been protected in utero by the placental transfer of propylthiouracil, neonatal hyperthyroidism did not develop until several days after delivery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6548083 TI - Crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with nonrenal malignancies. AB - A review of 80 patients with the renal biopsy diagnosis of idiopathic glomerulonephritis with extracapillary proliferation (crescentic GN) disclosed 7 cases with a coexistent nonrenal malignancy; 6 carcinomas and 1 lymphoma. In a control group of 80 patients with the renal biopsy diagnosis of minimal change or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, only 1 case of coexistent malignancy was found (chi-square = 4.74, p less than 0.05). All of the malignancies occurred in patients older than 40 years of age and the prevalence of malignancy in patients with crescentic GN over the age of 40 was 20%. Light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy revealed fibrin deposition in all cases and no evidence of anti-GBM or immune complex disease. 3 patients experienced a rapidly progressive course while renal function improved in 4 patients following treatment of the underlying malignancy. The pathogenic mechanisms leading to crescentic GN in patients with malignancy are unknown; however, the high prevalence of malignancy in crescentic GN patients older than 40 along with the improvement during the treatment of the underlying malignancy suggests an etiological relationship. PMID- 6548084 TI - Naloxone exacerbates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the neonatal rat. AB - Recent reports suggest that naloxone, an opiate antagonist, may adversely affect the asphyxiated fetus. We found that naloxone exacerbated hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the 7-day-old rat subjected to unilateral common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia. Moreover, there was no amelioration of systemic acidosis or brain edema in naloxone-treated animals compared to animals treated with saline solution. High doses of naloxone may reduce the resistance of the fetus to hypoxic stress. PMID- 6548085 TI - Comparison of pharyngeal aspirate and amniotic fluid surfactant composition. AB - Amniotic fluid and oropharyngeal aspirate lung maturity profiles obtained simultaneously at delivery in 16 patients are compared. The lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio was greater in oropharyngeal aspirates than in amniotic fluid (p less than 0.02). The percent phosphatidylinositol was greater in oropharyngeal aspirates than in amniotic fluid (p less than 0.03). The mean differences between percent phosphatidylglycerol were not significant. These findings were uninfluenced by the time interval between amniotic fluid and oropharyngeal sampling, gestational age, or neonatal weight. These data could explain the lack of sensitivity of the amniotic fluid lung maturity profile. PMID- 6548086 TI - Neodymium-YAG laser therapy to the anterior hyaloid in aphakic malignant (ciliovitreal block) glaucoma. AB - In three aphakic eyes and two eyes with intraocular lens implants (five patients, four women and one man, ranging in age from 65 to 76 years) persistent shallow or flat anterior chamber was observed despite multiple patent laser or surgical iridectomies. In each case direct application of the neodymium-YAG laser (3 to 11 mJ) to the anterior hyaloid face resulted in immediate deepening of the anterior chamber. This deepening was sustained in four of the cases. These results confirm previous observations suggesting that the anterior hyaloid can be the locus of abnormality in aphakic malignant (ciliovitreal block) glaucoma. Neodymium-YAG "hyaloidotomy" may be better than penetrating surgery in such cases. PMID- 6548087 TI - Ocular effect of neodymium-YAG laser. AB - We aimed a high-powered pulsed neodymium-YAG laser incrementally from air to the anterior portion of the vitreous in rabbits to evaluate its effect on the corneal endothelium, the lens, and the dynamics of intraocular fluid. Corneal endothelium damage occurred as much as 3.5 mm away from the site of optical breakdown. The degree of tissue damage was inversely proportional to the distance from the site of optical breakdown, and the damage pattern at a given distance was the same whether the optical breakdown was anterior or posterior to the corneal endothelium. A single 4-mJ shot (mode-locked train) of laser light causes disintegration and liquefaction of the lens in a spherical area 300 micron in diameter. The damage extends posteriorly to a distance of 450 micron. The effect of this explosion denatures the surrounding cortical fibers for an area of 50 to 80 micron. Increased intraocular pressure was noted in all instances of anterior or posterior capsulotomy, probably as a result of the release of liquefied cortical material and mechanical obstruction of the chamber angle. No increase in intraocular pressure occurred when the lens capsule remained intact. PMID- 6548088 TI - Retinal detachment following neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy. PMID- 6548089 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of metabolic data from quantitative autoradiography of rat brain. AB - Quantitative autoradiography is a powerful method for studying brain function by the determination of blood flow, glucose utilization, or transport of essential nutrients. Autoradiographic images contain vast amounts of potentially useful information, but conventional analyses can practically sample the data at only a small number of points arbitrarily chosen by the experimenter to represent discrete brain structures. To use image data more fully, computer methods for its acquisition, storage, quantitative analysis, and display are required. We have developed a system of computer programs that performs these tasks and has the following features: 1) editing and analysis of single images using interactive graphics, 2) an automatic image alignment algorithm that places images in register with one another using only the mathematical properties of the images themselves, 3) the calculation of mean images from equivalent images in different experimental serial image sets, 4) the calculation of difference images (e.g., experiment-minus-control) with the option to display only differences estimated to be statistically significant, and 5) the display of serial image metabolic maps reconstructed in three dimensions using a high-speed computer graphics system. PMID- 6548090 TI - Anterior cruciate ligament arthroplasty. AB - A unique augmentation arthroplasty has evolved from a retrospective review of 150 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repairs, extracapsular substitutions, and pes anserine transfers. This coincided with a proposed pathologic relationship seen in surgical exposures of the femoral intercondylar notch. From 1976 to 1983, 544 cases with known ACL insufficiency were selected for study. In 397 subsequent anterior cruciate stabilizations arthroplasties were performed. Patients with less than a 2 year followup were not included in this retrospective study. One hundred nine arthroplasties are reported: 80 isolated ACL tears and 29 multiple ligament injuries. Statistically significant relationships between elapsed time from ACL tear to surgery and meniscal tears, and elapsed time and degenerative changes in the articular surfaces were seen. Surgical technique was arthroplasty, graft harvest, graft placement, graft set, and postoperative care. Functional score followup has occurred for an average of 3 years (range 2 to 5 years). No patient has failed to return to his or her original sport or occupational demands. Pivot shift, disengagement, or spontaneous rupture of the arthroplasty has not occurred postoperatively. Full participation has occurred with bilateral ACL arthroplasties and arthroplasty performed for previous intraarticular augmentation failure. The operative success in the preliminary follow-up period was based on: ligamentous substitution, anatomical placement, femoral intercondylar notch compliance in full range of motion, revascularization of the ligament substitute, and histologic support of the procedure. PMID- 6548091 TI - The function of the anterior cruciate ligament during anterior drawer and Lachman's testing. An in vivo analysis in normal knees. AB - In order to clarify the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during clinical testing an in vivo arthroscopic method of assessing the tension of ACL was developed. Twenty young adult patients with normal knee ligaments and menisci were selected. A spring mechanism in the handle of the specially designed probe allowed the surgeon to apply a known perpendicularly directed force to the ligament while the amount of displacement was observed and recorded. Tension was determined in the anteromedial central and posterolateral portions of ACL before and during an anterior drawer test (knee flexed 90 degrees) and before and during a Lachman's test (knee flexed 15 degrees). The results were consistent in all 20 knees. Baseline tension was greater at 15 degrees of flexion than at 90 degrees. A Lachman's test produced maximal tension in the majority of the ligaments. The anterior drawer did not produce maximal tension in any portion of the ligament. Tension within the anteromedial and central portion of the ligament predominated during both uses. This analysis confirms the specificity of Lachman's test as an indicator of ACL integrity. The concept of two reciprocally functioning ACL "bands" by either anterior drawer or Lachman's test is not supported by our data. PMID- 6548092 TI - [Hormonal stimulation of the maturation of the fetal pulmonary surfactant system]. PMID- 6548093 TI - [Pulmonary surfactant characteristics of fetuses and newborn infants with perinatal pathology]. PMID- 6548094 TI - [Method for the prenatal prevention of the respiratory disorder syndrome in newborn infants]. PMID- 6548096 TI - Bradycardia after atracurium. PMID- 6548095 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies following intravenous, intramuscular and rectal administration of methohexital in children]. AB - In pediatric patients methohexitone is used increasingly in different application forms for induction of anesthesia. Plasma concentrations of methohexitone were measured after rectal induction with 25 mg/kg, and after intramuscular injection of 5 mg/kg in 10 children each aged 2-7 years and were compared with 4 children after intravenous administration of 2 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the i.v. administered methohexitone were calculated and compared with the known pharmacokinetics in adults, showing that the open two-compartment-model is also applicable to children with a substantial shorter beta-half-life and a higher clearance. After rectal and i.m. induction with methohexitone the individual plasma concentrations scatter in a relatively wide range. The mean value curves of both application forms are similar with a maximum plasma concentration of 2.76 micrograms/ml between minutes 7-15 (rectal) respectively 2.6 micrograms/ml between minutes 15-30 (i.m.); 2 h later they are 0.57 micrograms/ml (rectal) and 1.03 micrograms/ml (i.m.). In contrast to the 100% available bioactivity of methohexitone after i.m. administration it amounts to only about 17% after rectal induction. As a result one can consider children to be able to eliminate methohexitone sufficiently in the observed plasma concentration range. PMID- 6548098 TI - Stability of atracurium administered by infusion. PMID- 6548097 TI - Clinical use of atracurium during N2O/O2, fentanyl, and N2O/O2, enflurane anesthesia regimens. PMID- 6548099 TI - Endogenous digoxin-like substance(s) and combined hepatic and renal failure. PMID- 6548100 TI - Software review of the INTERNIST. PMID- 6548102 TI - [1st qualitative use of a computer in psychiatry (II). Coding for the management of data]. PMID- 6548101 TI - [1,25-(OH)2-D3 treatment of hypophosphoremic osteomalacia associated with villonodular synovitis]. AB - The authors report a case of hypophosphoremic osteomalacia due to a soft tissue tumor. This case confirm 1,25 (OH)2 cholecalciferol deficiency. Treatment with phosphorus and 1,25 (OH)2 cholecalciferol cured osteomalacia. Accountable tumor (villonodular synovitis) had never been described previously. PMID- 6548103 TI - [Cytostatic action of N-ethyl-13-dihydrorubomycin on the cells of various tumor strains]. AB - The cytostatic effect of rubomycin and N-ethyl-13-dihydrorubomycin, its semisynthetic derivative, was studied with a radiometric method based on measuring the intensity of labeled thymidine incorporation into the tumor cells of NK/Ly, sarcoma 37 and leukemia P-388 and a method for total determination of nucleic acids in the cell hydrolysates of these tumor strains. Spectrophotometric determination of the total content of DNA and RNA in the tumor cells of NK/Ly showed that the inhibitory effect of the derivative was 6 times higher than that of rubomycin. Radiometric estimation of their cytostatic activity and the studies with the cells of ascitic sarcoma 37 and leukemia P-388 demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of N-ethyl-13-dihydrorubomycin was lower than that of rubomycin. PMID- 6548104 TI - Naphtho-gamma-pyrone production by Aspergillus niger isolated from stored cottonseed. AB - Aspergillus niger was found to be the predominant fungal contaminant of stored cottonseed. Seven strains were isolated and grown on rice. The hexane-insoluble material from methylene chloride extracts of 2-week-old cultures contained components toxic to mice. Based on high-pressure thin-layer and liquid chromatographic analyses, the major components in the mixture were eight different naphtho-gamma-pyrones. Of these, the hydrated dimeric naphthopyrones aurasperones B and C occurred in higher yield than aurasperones A, iso-A, and D and the monomeric naphthopyrones flavasperone and rubrofusarin, all of which were present in the mixture. In addition, fonsecin monomethyl ether was isolated. This metabolite may be a precursor in the biosynthesis of the hydrated aurasperones; it has not been identified previously as a metabolite of A. niger. The relative amounts of the different naphthopyrones were dependent on both the growth substrate and the fungal isolate. PMID- 6548105 TI - [Antitumor effect of synthetic cord factor analogue, 6, 6'-Di-O-decanoyl-alpha, alpha-trehalose]. AB - The antitumor effect of a new synthetic cord factor analogue, 6, 6'-Di-O-dacanoyl alpha, alpha-trehalose (SS 554), was examined in vivo and in vitro. Remarkable life prolongation effects were observed after the intraperitoneal administration of SS554 at a dosage of 150 mg/kg in mice implanted with Ehrlich ascitic tumor cells. Using in vitro tests, the growth of various tumor cell lines i.e. Meth-A, EL-4, RL male-1, X5563, Raji and Jurkat were inhibited by SS554 at a 25 mcg/ml concentration. The mechanism of the direct antitumor activity of SS554 was studied using these tumor cell lines and bacterial cells. After treatment with SS554 at a 50 mcg/ml dose for 30 minutes, tumor cells and bacterial protoplasts but not intact bacterial cells were destroyed, indicating that SS554 causes the lysis of the membranes of these cells. PMID- 6548106 TI - Effect of exogenous surfactant on total respiratory system compliance. PMID- 6548107 TI - Identification of Thormahlen-positive compound "B" in urine of patients with malignant melanoma. AB - The identification of the entire structure of the Thormahlen-positive compound B from melanotic urine is described. The compound was separated from other Thormahlen-positive compounds using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. On the basis of differential enzymic hydrolysis followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and comparison with synthetically prepared compounds it is possible to conclude that the Thormahlen-positive compound B is a mixture of O sulphate 5-hydroxy-6-methoxyindole and 6-hydroxy-5-methoxyindole with predominance of the latter. PMID- 6548108 TI - Increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with generalized scleroderma and no aberrant calcifications. PMID- 6548109 TI - Chemical changes of human knee joint menisci in various stages of degeneration. AB - Human knee joint menisci graded according to degenerative alterations were submitted to chemical analysis. Normal menisci contained 72% water, 0.12% DNA, 22% collagen, and 0.8% total glycosaminoglycans with the following glycosaminoglycan distribution pattern: 40% chondroitin 6-sulphate, 10-20% chondroitin 4-sulphate, 20-30% dermatan sulphate, and 15% keratan sulphate. The water content increased with increasing degeneration, whereas the collagen and glycosaminoglycan contents decreased with relative increase of chondroitin 6 sulphate. PMID- 6548111 TI - Propylthiouracil-induced diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. AB - Cough productive of sputum, exertional dyspnea, and hypoxemia developed in two patients with Graves' disease after six months (patient 1) or three weeks (patient 2) of treatment with propylthiouracil, 300 mg/day. Chest roentgenograms and transbronchial lung biopsy specimens revealed diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. Lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin was highly stimulated by propylthiouracil. Symptoms and signs improved after cessation of the drug therapy and administration of prednisolone acetate. These cases represent the first report of a complication of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis induced by propylthiouracil. PMID- 6548110 TI - Age-dependent alterations of intestinal absorption. II. A clinical study using a modified D-xylose absorption test. AB - With advancing age functional and morphological changes take place within the intestinal tract. The age-dependency of intestinal absorption has been studied using a D-xylose absorption test. The absorption rate (constant k12), the time of appearance of the relative maximum of the D-xylose concentrations in the blood serum after oral administration (time tm), and the extent of the relative absorption in the small intestine as a function of time RA(t) were determined by graphic-mathematical evaluation of the blood level kinetics of D-xylose after oral and intravenous administration. Within the age range of 3 to 96 yr, it has been proven that a slowing down of intestinal absorption occurs with advancing age. By prolonging the period during which the food components are absorbed in the small intestine (shift of tm towards the absorption processes take place at a slower rate. Absorption disorders in old age are due to morbidity and not, sui generis, to involution. PMID- 6548112 TI - Antituberculosis drugs and breast-feeding. PMID- 6548113 TI - Validity and bias in laboratory tests. PMID- 6548114 TI - Estrogen binding in breast carcinoma. PMID- 6548115 TI - Pancreatic plasmacytoma: an unusual cause of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6548117 TI - Sports injury as cause of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of superficial temporal artery. PMID- 6548116 TI - Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis containing ceroid. PMID- 6548118 TI - Exciting opportunities for the pathologist in the 1980s and beyond. PMID- 6548119 TI - Clinical pathologist. A physician's consultant. PMID- 6548120 TI - Androgenic granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. A clinicopathologic analysis of 17 cases and review of the literature. AB - We reviewed the clinicopathologic features of 17 androgenic granulosa cell tumors. The patients, two of whom were pregnant, ranged from 2 to 58 years of age (average age, 22.5 years). Fourteen of the patients were masculinized as evidenced by various combinations of facial acne, temporal recession of hair, clitorimegaly, deepening of the voice, and a male escutcheon. Five of these patients had amenorrhea; three of the patients demonstrated hirsutism only. The plasma testosterone level is known to have been elevated preoperatively in nine patients, including the three patients with hirsutism. Four prepubertal patients also demonstrated hyperestrinism as manifested by sexual pseudoprecocity. At laparotomy, all of the tumors were stage lai. Five of the tumors formed unilocular and two of the tumors formed multilocular thin-walled cysts that ranged from 23 to 36 cm in diameter. Nine of the remaining tumors were solid, and one tumor was solid and cystic; these tumors averaged 7 cm in diameter. Eleven tumors were granulosa cell tumors of the adult type, and six tumors were juvenile granulosa cell tumors. The only clinically malignant tumor in the series was a unilocular, cystic, adult granulosa cell tumor that recurred 18 months postoperatively and was fatal within four years. PMID- 6548121 TI - Proliferating pilar (trichilemmal) cyst. Report of two cases, one with carcinomatous transformation and one with distant metastases. AB - We examined two cases of proliferating pilar cysts of the inguinal region. One of the cases showed a transformation to epidermoid carcinoma and, despite surgical resection, the patient died by means of distant generalized metastases. The diagnosis of proliferating pilar cyst should be made in pilar cysts with epithelial proliferation that shows well-defined borders and abundant keratinization despite cytologic atypia and mitotic activity. The diagnosis of carcinoma in proliferating pilar cysts should be reserved for lesions showing poorly defined borders and clear-cut infiltrative properties with cytologic evidence of malignancy. PMID- 6548122 TI - Gender and pre-atherosclerotic lesions. Effects on prevalence in human abdominal aortas. AB - Gross and microscopic examination of equivalent segments of abdominal aortas obtained at autopsy from 39 male patients aged 10 to 30 years (mean, 20.5 years) and 37 female patients aged 9 to 30 years (mean, 20.9 years) revealed no significant difference in the prevalence of aortic pre-atherosclerotic lesions in male v female patients. The prevalence of fatty streaks and early and late fibromusculoelastic lesions did not change significantly with increasing age, suggesting that in the abdominal aorta, the majority of precursor lesions for atherosclerosis are already present by 15 years of age. These findings suggest that the reduced severity of atherosclerosis in female patients is not due to the presence of smaller numbers (or extent) of precursor lesions, but rather to slower progression of these lesions in female patients. PMID- 6548123 TI - Incidence of membranous lipodystrophy-like change among patients with limb necrosis caused by chronic arterial obstruction. AB - Although membranocystic changes of adipose tissue, characteristic of membranous lipodystrophy, can be found in some cases of limb ischemic necrosis caused by arteriosclerotic obstruction, the incidence of the lesions in several forms of limb ischemia is not known. Subcutaneous fat of 53 patients with limb ischemic necrosis was studied histologically and ultrastructurally for the presence of membranocystic changes. The lesions were found in 11 (38%) of 29 cases of thromboangiitis obliterans, 15 (75%) of 20 cases of arteriosclerotic obstruction, and two (50%) of four cases of progressive systemic sclerosis. The membranous lipodystrophy-like changes can be produced by several forms of chronic circulatory disturbance and they are one of the nonspecific changes of adipose tissue. PMID- 6548124 TI - Value of liver biopsy in sarcoidosis. AB - A study of liver biopsy specimens was done for 28 patients with sarcoidosis. Epithelioid cell granulomas were found in 22 cases. Among the patients with granulomas, 13 had had fever and/or arthralgia; no such symptoms were observed among the patients who did not have granulomas. We believe that these symptoms constitute a good indication for performing a liver biopsy. Measurement of the concentration of the granulomas in the liver tissue suggests that the probability of false-negative results is very remote, making repetition of the biopsy unnecessary. The nonspecific lesions found in the liver progress to epithelioid cell granulomas in a similar way to that found within pulmonary alveoli. PMID- 6548125 TI - Fatal hypervitaminosis A in a neonate. AB - Although hypervitaminosis A is not uncommon, fatal cases are rare. We describe a neonate who died after having ingested more than 60 times the suggested dose of vitamin A per day, for 11 days. His hospital course was marked by hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, a bleeding disorder, and pulmonary insufficiency. An autopsy showed extensive calcifications of the alveolar septa and bronchioles. Metastatic calcifications were also present in the kidneys, stomach, soft tissue, and skin. The skeleton showed prominent alteration of the endochondral bone formation. There was also evidence of accelerated resorption of bone, which is presumably responsible for the development of hypercalcemia and metastatic calcification. PMID- 6548126 TI - Cervical mucus glucose and its relation to sperm penetrability in the periovulatory phase in infertile women. PMID- 6548127 TI - Intrathecal morphine for postoperative pain relief. PMID- 6548128 TI - The influence of long-term administration of terbutaline on the disaturated phosphatidyl-choline concentration of fetal lung tissue and amniotic fluid in pregnant rabbits. PMID- 6548129 TI - Simulation modeling perspectives of the Bangladesh family planning and female education system. AB - A systems dynamics simulation study of the interaction of various social subsystems in the People's Republic of Bangladesh is chosen to address integrated planning concerns. It is concluded that one should not underestimate the potential of noneconomic societal forces: They can have a positive impact on slowing population growth and improving the quality of life. Methodologies included: fuzzy profiles for choosing primary variables; interpretive impact matrices to generate the systems dynamics equations; interactive computer capabilities for purposes other than simulation runs; modeling log file to note modeling assumptions, changes, and redefinitions; and microcomputer portability. PMID- 6548130 TI - Computer simulation modeling of abnormal behavior: a program approach. AB - A need for modeling abnormal behavior on a comprehensive, systematic basis exists. Computer modeling and simulation tools offer especially good opportunities to establish such a program of studies. Issues concern deciding which modeling tools to use, how to relate models to behavioral data, what level of modeling to employ, and how to articulate theory to facilitate such modeling. Four levels or types of modeling, two qualitative and two quantitative, are identified. Their properties are examined and interrelated to include illustrative applications to the study of abnormal behavior, with an emphasis on schizophrenia. PMID- 6548131 TI - Precursors of storage proteins in Lupinus angustifolius. AB - The proteins that are synthesized during differentiation and development in the cotyledons of Lupinus angustifolius L. were characterized both in situ and after purification. The proteins present in situ were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and subjected to 'Western'-blot analysis to identify immunologically related polypeptides. The major storage proteins of the lupin, conglutins alpha and beta, were both present in juvenile tissue only as higher Mr precursors. For conglutin beta, a family of at least three polypeptides of Mr 66 000-72 000 accumulated during the earliest phases of protein synthesis in the developing cotyledon (20-28 days after flowering). Later in development each of these polypeptides disappeared and there was the concurrent appearance in the cotyledon of the lower-Mr fragments characteristic of mature conglutin beta. For conglutin alpha, an equivalent family of precursor polypeptides of Mr 60 000-83 000 was detected. Multiple internal sites for proteolytic cleavage of all these precursors appeared to be present. However, processing of the precursors was sufficiently slow to allow them to accumulate to over 50% of total soluble protein in juvenile tissue. The precursors were purified by column chromatography under non-dissociating conditions and shown by ultracentrifugation to be multimeric proteins with Mr values in the range 150 000 200 000. PMID- 6548132 TI - Human plasma alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor. Purification by affinity chromatography, characterization and isolation of an active fragment. AB - Human plasma alpha-cysteine proteinase inhibitor (alpha CPI) was purified by a two-stage method: affinity chromatography on S-carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose, and high-resolution anion-exchange chromatography. The protein was obtained as a form of Mr about 64 000 and material of higher Mr (about 100 000). In sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis with reduction, both forms showed a major component of Mr 64 000. An antiserum was raised against alpha CPI, and 'rocket' immunoassays showed the mean concentration in sera from 19 individuals to be 35.9 mg/dl. Both low-Mr and high-Mr forms of alpha CPI were confirmed to be sialoglycoproteins by the decrease in electrophoretic mobility after treatment with neuraminidase. alpha CPI was shown immunologically to be distinct from antithrombin III and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, two serine proteinase inhibitors from plasma with somewhat similar Mr values. alpha CPI was also distinct from cystatins A and B, the two intracellular low-Mr cysteine proteinase inhibitors from human liver. Complexes of alpha CPI with papain were detectable in immunoelectrophoresis, but dissociated to free enzyme and intact inhibitor in sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The stoichiometry of binding of papain was close to 1:1 for both low-Mr and high-Mr forms. alpha CPI was found to be a tight-binding inhibitor of papain and human cathepsins H and L (Ki 34 pM, 1.1 nM and 62 pM respectively). By contrast, inhibition of cathepsin B was much weaker, Ki being about 35 microM. Dipeptidyl peptidase I also was weakly inhibited. Digestion of alpha CPI with bromelain gave rise to an inhibitory fragment of Mr about 22 000, which was isolated. PMID- 6548133 TI - An investigation into the solution structures of two self-complementary DNA oligomers, 5'-d(C-G-T-A-C-G) and 5'-d(A-C-G-C-G-C-G-T), by means of nuclear Overhauser-enhancement measurements. AB - A 500 MHz 1H-n.m.r. study on two self-complementary alternating pyrimidine-purine oligodeoxyribonucleotides, 5'-d(C-G-T-A-C-G) and 5'-d(A-C-G-C-G-C-G-T), is presented. By using the proton-proton nuclear Overhauser effect virtually complete assignments are obtained and a large number of interproton distances [113 in the case of 5'-d(C-G-T-A-C-G) and 79 in the case of 5'-d(A-C-G-C-G-C-G T)], both intra- and inter-nucleotide, are determined. The interproton-distance data are consistent with an overall right-handed B-DNA-type structure for both oligonucleotides, in agreement with their B-type c.d. spectra. However, whereas 5'-d(C-G-T-A-C-G) adopts a conventional B-type structure with a mononucleotide repeating unit, the interproton-distance data provide evidence that 5'-d(A-C-G-C G-C-G-T) has a dinucleotide repeating unit consisting of alternation in glycosidic bond and sugar pucker conformations. PMID- 6548134 TI - Characterization of newly synthesized proteoglycans from rabbit menisci in organ culture. AB - Rabbit menisci were incubated with Na2 35SO4 in short-term organ culture to label newly synthesized proteoglycans. The radioactive products present in both tissue and culture medium were characterized separately with respect to distribution after ultracentrifugation in CsCl isopycnic density gradients, hydrodynamic size, interaction with hyaluronic acid, and glycosaminoglycan composition (types, size and content). Analysis of proteoglycan size by gel-filtration chromatography of the most-dense CsCl fractions (A1) on Sephacryl S-500 (associative conditions) resolved three species. A peak with Kav. approx. 0.7 was present in each chromatogram, and constituted the principal component in tissue extracts. Two other peaks with Kav. values of approx. 0.2 and 0.45 were also found. When the A1 fraction from tissue was subjected to CsCl-density-gradient ultracentrifugation under dissociative conditions, 71% of the recovered radioactivity was present in the most dense (A1D1) fraction. Incubation with hyaluronic acid of either A1 or A1D1 fraction from associative extract did not alter the apparent size of the labelled product, indicating a lack of aggregate formation. Meniscal proteoglycans showed an unusual and marked tendency to adsorb irreversibly to agarose and agarose-containing gel-filtration-chromatography media. High-pressure liquid-chromatographic analyses indicated that the sulphated glycosaminoglycans consisted of chondroitin 6-sulphate (72%), chondroitin 4-sulphate (19%) and dermatan sulphate (5%). Endo-beta-galactosidase (keratanase) digestion of the material failed to detect the presence of keratan sulphate. Of the labelled glycosaminoglycans, 95% was eluted from Sephacryl S-400 as a single symmetrical peak with a Kav. of 0.5. The results of studies with tissue extracts and culture medium were similar. PMID- 6548136 TI - Molecular diversity of calpastatin in mammalian organs. AB - The crude homogenates of various human and porcine organs were subjected to immunoelectrophoretic blot analysis using affinity-purified anti-calpastatin antibody which specifically reacts with human erythrocyte 70 kDa calpastatin. Multiple immuno-reactive bands were revealed which ranged from 100 to 50 kDa. The results indicated the diversity of monomeric calpastatin molecules. The band patterns were different from one organ to the other. Among them, lung, heart and skeletal muscle were characterized by the predominance of 90-100 kDa calpastatin, having a common antigenicity to erythrocyte 70 kDa calpastatin. Such molecular diversity of calpastatins was also substantiated by enzymatic and chromatographic analyses. PMID- 6548135 TI - Interaction of phenylthiolato-(2,2',2"-terpyridine)platinum(II) cation with DNA. AB - The interaction between a novel aromatic thiolato derivative from the family of DNA-intercalating platinum complexes, phenylthiolato-(2,2',2" terpyridine)platinum(II)-[PhS(ter py)Pt+], and nucleic acids was studied by using viscosity, equilibrium-dialysis and kinetic measurements. Viscosity measurements with sonicated DNA provide direct evidence for intercalation, and show that at binding ratios below 0.2 molecules per base-pair PhS(terpy)Pt+ causes an increase in contour length of 0.2 nm per bound molecule. However, helix extension diminishes at greater extents of binding, indicating the existence of additional, non-intercalated, externally bound forms of the ligand. The ability of PhS(terpy)Pt+ to aggregate in neutral aqueous buffers at a range of ionic strengths and temperatures was assessed by using optical-absorption methods. Scatchard plots for binding to calf thymus DNA at ionic strength 0.01 (corrected for dimerization) are curvilinear, concave upward, providing further evidence for two modes of binding. The association constant decreases at higher ionic strengths, in accord with the expectations of polyelectrolyte theory, although the number of cations released per bound unipositive ligand molecule is substantially greater than 1. Stopped-flow kinetic measurements confirm the complexity of the binding reaction by revealing multiple bound forms of the ligand whose kinetic processes are both fast and closely coupled. Thermal denaturation of DNA radically alters the shapes of binding isotherms and either has little effect on, or enhances, the affinity of potential binding sites, depending on experimental conditions. Scatchard plots for binding to natural DNA species with differing nucleotide composition show that the ligand has a requirement for a single G X C base-pair at the highest-affinity intercalation sites. PMID- 6548137 TI - Leumorphin is a novel endogenous opioid peptide in man. AB - Porcine leumorphin, a putative opioid peptide corresponding to amino acid residues 228-256 of preproenkephalin B has been demonstrated to exist in the porcine neurointermediate pituitary. A recent study on the sequence analysis of genomic DNA of human preproenkephalin B has shown that human leumorphin differs in 3 amino acid residues from porcine leumorphin. In order to clarify whether leumorphin is an endogenous opioid peptide in man, we have studied its existence in the human brain using a radioimmunoassay and its opioid activity by a bioassay with the guinea-pig ileum myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation. High performance gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with the radioimmunoassay for leumorphin have revealed that human leumorphin exists in water extracts of the human striatum. In the guinea-pig ileum assay, synthetic human leumorphin exhibited potent opioid activity, with the concentration of 3nM to give 50 per cent inhibition. These results indicate that leumorphin is a novel endogenous opioid peptide in man. PMID- 6548138 TI - Use of a 2-5A analogue probe for detecting RNA ligase and RNA ligase substrates in mammalian cell extracts. AB - The compound ppp(A2'p)3A3'[32P]pCp is a commercially available radioactive analogue of the 2',5' oligoadenylate series ppp(A2'p)nA, n greater than or equal to 2, commonly referred to as 2-5A. It is used as a probe for measuring concentrations in competition radiobinding and radioimmune assays. We have found that incubation of the probe with extracts from HeLa, CV1, or neuroblastoma cells results in its covalent attachment to two size classes of RNA: the first includes a major species with a molecular weight of approximately 350,000, the second is much smaller (40 +/- 5 nucleotides in length) and could represent tRNA half molecules. Ligation is to the 3' end of the probe molecule with formation of a 3',5'-phosphodiester bond. Thus, probe ligation provides a sensitive and convenient assay for the detection not only of RNA ligase(s) but also of ligatable RNAs (such as the putative tRNA half-molecules) in mammalian cell extracts. PMID- 6548139 TI - Amino terminal fragments of human progastrin from gastrinoma. AB - Two peptides which copurified from a human gastrinoma were found to correspond to the amino acid sequence deduced for the amino terminal portion of human and porcine progastrin. The sequence of peptide A is Ser-Trp-Lys-Pro-Arg-Ser-Gln-Gln Pro-Asp-Ala-Pro-Leu-Gly-Thr-Gly-Ala-Asn- Arg-Asp-Leu-Glu-Leu which is identical to an amino terminal portion of human progastrin. The sequence of peptide. B is identical to that of peptide A except it is missing the first five amino acids. If peptide A corresponds to the amino terminus of progastrin, the signal peptidase cleaves at an Ala-Ser bond. PMID- 6548140 TI - Mass spectrometric analysis of fluorescent products originating from the molybdenum cofactor. AB - Mass spectra of 4 fluorescent HPLC fractions originating from the molybdenum cofactor in xanthine oxidase extracts have been obtained with the method of field desorption (FD). The most polar fraction contains compounds which show peaks in the M/Z = 110-230 and M/Z = 580-750 range. Two other fractions exhibit in the FD spectra peaks at M/Z = 1,113 and M/Z = 886, respectively. Both corresponding compounds contain at most 24 C atoms and lack S, Mo, Cl and Br, as judged from the isotopic pattern. The most apolar fluorescent compound, which could be isolated only from xanthine oxidase extracts prepared in the absence of phosphate, has been identified as a species with a molecular weight around 482. PMID- 6548141 TI - Altered regulation of hepatic heme metabolism in cadmium exposed chick embryo. AB - An investigation on the process of heme metabolism with special emphasis on ALA synthetase, heme synthetase and heme oxygenase was studied in cadmium exposed chick embryo to enlighten the mechanism of cadmium embryotoxicity. Cadmium chloride injection (2.5-10 mumole/kg) to chick embryo increases the activity of ALA synthetase by 5-7 folds, however, it inhibits the activity of heme synthetase significantly. The activity of heme oxygenase is further shown to be enhanced by cadmium chloride treatment. These changes are accompanied by a marked reduction in hepatic heme content. The induction of ALA synthetase and heme oxygenase was dependent on the initial concentration of exogenous cadmium. Pretreatment with actinomycin D completely blocks the cadmium mediated induction of both ALA synthetase and heme oxygenase. Time course studies on the stimulation of these two enzymes show that cadmium enhances the activity of heme oxygenase to its maximum level after 24 h. of injection, whereas ALA synthetase activity reaches its highest value only by 48 h. and both the enzymes remain elevated at least upto 96 h. This observation can be correlated with the hepatic heme level at different time intervals after cadmium exposure. These observations suggest the presence of regulatory process for heme metabolism which is susceptible to alteration of 'regulatory heme pool' caused by cadmium. PMID- 6548142 TI - Effect of oxygen-derived reactive species on cartilage proteoglycan-hyaluronate aggregates. AB - Proteoglycan-hyaluronate aggregates were incubated with oxygen-derived reactive species generated enzymatically by the action of xanthine oxidase upon hypoxanthine. Analysis of the products of the incubation by caesium sulphate zonal sedimentation revealed that degradation of aggregate had occurred. This effect was reversed by inclusion of superoxide dismutase, catalase or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in the incubations suggesting that hydroxyl radicals were the active species. Separate analysis by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-2B of proteoglycan monomer subjected to a similar treatment indicated that the molecule is minimally degraded. These results are discussed with reference to the well established degradation of hyaluronate by oxygen-derived reactive species. PMID- 6548143 TI - Effects of induction of heme oxygenase by cobalt and tin on the in vivo degradation of myoglobin. PMID- 6548144 TI - [An analog of formyl-met-leu-phe effects the movement of human leukocytes]. AB - Two tripeptides, related to the chemotactic formyl-peptide, are tested for its ability to affect random and directional locomotion and to induce chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results indicate that the methyl ester of formyl-methyonyl-leucyl-phenylalanine possesses a biological activity towards human phagocytes, including a chemotactic potency, comparable to that of unmodified peptide. Therefore, the free carboxyl group does not seem essential to generate active leukoattractant. On the contrary, the replacement of the formyl group by the butyloxycarbonyl results in a drastic loss of biological activity. Our data may indicate that the two formyl-peptides interact with the same binding site on the cell membrane. PMID- 6548145 TI - Chemical carcinogenesis. II. Imidazole-ring-opened derivatives from 7-ethyl- and 1,7-diethylguanosine. AB - The UV-spectral and chromatographic analyses of the derivatives of the two synthetic standards 7-ethylguanosine and 1,7-diethylguanosine are here reported. The derivatives obtained from the dialkyl compound exhibit a striking similarity to those found in the "pyrimidine-nucleotide-like" fraction of rat liver tRNA ethylated in vivo by ethionine. The finding of imidazole-ring-opened products in tRNA ethylation by ethionine could be significant from the point of view of chemical carcinogenesis: in fact, imidazole-ring-opening of 1,7-dialkylguanosines directly at level of RNA with consequent formation of substituted pyrimidines is a transversion, i.e. a mutagenic event which would cause a change in the expression of genetic information since a purine has been transformed into a pyrimidine. PMID- 6548146 TI - [Analytical morphometry of seminiferous tubules in maturation arrest: Fourier analysis of the internal contours of tubules]. AB - Shape of seminiferous tubuli in maturation arrest, is investigated by harmonic Fourier analysis and upper degree polynomials as attempt to find morphometric parameters useful in morphological diagnosis. Inner luminal contour is considered as a closed curve in a reference system and scattered in a series of points whose coordinates are automatically calculated. Then a software named S.A.M. (Shape Analytical Morphometry) is utilized to find the Kth-order equation and calculate the best-fit curve. Moreover an ellypse is drawn with the same barycenter and axes of original curve. These three curves (real curve, best-fit curve and ellypse) are considered as periodic functions and submitted to Fourier analysis to evaluate the coefficients of the series and the spectrum of harmonics. Among 20 contributors, the subsets of greatest amplitude are selected for comparison and classification in terms of fundamental shape and its perturbations. PMID- 6548147 TI - Diagnostics and therapy of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in childhood. AB - Many changes have taken place in the diagnosis and treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphomas in childhood during the last years. From 1979 to 1982, the Working Group for Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and Immunology of the GDR treated 50 children with NHL according to the LSA2L2-protocol in a multicentric study. The Kiel-classification was applied for histological diagnosis. Main localizations were the mediastinum and abdomen. The treatment resulted in a complete continuous remission of 65% (Stages I and II: 87%, Stages III and IV: 53%) for all patients, independently of the stage. Patients with extranodal tumours and wide-spread abdominal disease had a very bad prognosis with this protocol. PMID- 6548148 TI - Alpha thalassaemia in Sardinian newborns. AB - In this study we describe the correlation between the haematological parameters (red cell indices and Hb Bart's levels) and the alpha-globin genotype in Sardinian newborns. Increased Hb Bart's levels at birth always indicates alpha thalassaemia, either of the deletion or non-deletion variety. Infants with two alpha-globin genes deleted (- alpha/- alpha and --/ alpha alpha genotypes) had microcytosis, low MCH and Hb Bart's in the 2.0-7.1% range. A minority (38.9%) of infants with the (- alpha/ alpha alpha) globin genotype had detectable Hb Bart's, in the 0.78-2.5% range, frequently associated with minimal microcytosis while the remainder (61.1%) were completely silent. Infants carriers of a non-deletion type of alpha-thalassaemia showed Hb Bart's levels within the range found in the (- alpha / alpha alpha) genotype. The association of heterozygous beta 0-thalassemia seems to have no effect on the expression of any of these alpha-thalassaemia lesions at birth. PMID- 6548149 TI - Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cis-platinum. AB - Fifty-four patients with advanced ovarian cancer have been treated with combination chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and cis-platinum. The toxicity of the regimen was manageable but few patients were prepared to tolerate more than 6 months of treatment. Those in complete clinical remission at that time were offered second-look laparotomy and if apparently free of disease, therapy was discontinued. Forty-seven patients could be assessed of whom 33 had had no previous therapy. Twenty-two of these were clinically free of disease after completion of chemotherapy of whom 12 had no detectable disease at second look laparotomy. Of 14 patients who had failed previous therapy only one remains clinically free of disease. The results in the untreated patients demonstrate the primary importance of bulk reduction at initial laparotomy. The use of the regimen in patients who have failed on previous treatment or in patients with bulk disease seems to be palliative and the toxicity should be assessed in this context. PMID- 6548150 TI - An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Prepared by an international committee. PMID- 6548151 TI - Mechanism of inactivation of chymotrypsin by 5-butyl-3H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione. AB - 5-Butyl-3H-1,3-oxazine-2,6-dione (1) inactivates chymotrypsin. The extent of inactivation is dependent upon the concentration of 1. Upon dilution of the inactivated enzyme, catalytic activity is partially restored. Reactivation is a biphasic process. An initial relatively rapid phase (k = 1.8 X 10(-2) min), whose amplitude is dependent upon the extent of dilution, is observed. Maximally, 60 65% of the catalytic activity can be recovered. The rapid phase is followed by a slow phase (k approximately 1 X 10(-3) min-1). With 1 labeled with 14C at C-2, it was shown that two forms of inactive enzyme are formed, E.1 and E.1'. 14C label is retained in E.1 but is no longer present in E.1'. Presumably, C-2 is lost as CO2. The following reaction sequence is proposed for the inactivation of chymotrypsin: E + 1 in equilibrium E.1 CO2----E.1'----E + 1''. The probable structures of E.1, E . 1', and 1'' are shown in Scheme I in the text. PMID- 6548152 TI - Specialized functional domains in hemoglobin: dimensions in solution of the apohemoglobin dimer labeled with fluorescein iodoacetamide. AB - The fluorescence characteristics of 8-anilino-naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (ANS) coupled to apohemoglobin and to apohemoglobin labeled with fluorescein iodoacetamide (FIA) at beta-93 have been compared. The quenching of emission of ANS produced by FIA was measured both with steady-state and with time-resolved techniques. In this system the emission of ANS in the beta-heme pockets was totally quenched by FIA at beta-93. Steady-state measurements indicated a 57% efficiency of energy transfer between ANS in the alpha-heme pockets and FIA at beta-93. Time resolution showed that the initial (unquenched) lifetime of ANS was 18.2 ns. In the presence of FIA two new components were generated with lifetimes of 2.0 and 6.6 ns. Assuming a random orientation of the probes, the distances inferred from these measurements were near 4.6 and 3.6 nm for the time-resolved and near 48 A for the steady-state measurements. In the tridimensional model of hemoglobin the distance between the iron atom of the alpha 1 chains and the SH group of the beta 1 chains at position 93 is 3.6 nm in oxyhemoglobin and 4.1 nm in deoxyhemoglobin. To these distances 0.5-1.0 nm may be added to allow for the dimensions of the probes. Thus it appears that removal of the heme fails to produce any important enlargement of the molecule. On the contrary, the data suggest a slight shrinking of apohemoglobin, which may be consistent with a collapse of the heme pocket when heme is removed. The rest of the molecule does not seem to be greatly affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548153 TI - Calcium transport by rat brain mitochondria and oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate. AB - Contrary to previous reports brain mitochondria have a substantial capacity for net Ca2+ uptake (approx. 1.2 mueq. Ca2+ per mg protein) providing succinate is the oxidizable substrate. ATP stimulates calcium uptake (to 1.8 mueq. per mg protein), but is not required. The accumulation of Ca2+ with NAD-linked substrates is, however, significantly less. With 2-oxoglutarate, very limited Ca2+ uptake occurs before respiration is inhibited. At low concentrations (10 microM), Ca2+ stimulates the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase activity of detergent solubilized mitochondria. Millimolar [Ca2+] is required for inhibition. Therefore, Ca2+ inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate oxidation can explain the low maximum uptake with this substrate, but probably not by directly effecting the dehydrogenase. Hence, the oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate can be either enhanced or suppressed depending upon the net Ca2+ accumulated by brain mitochondria. PMID- 6548154 TI - Raman spectroscopic study of an interdigitated lipid bilayer. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine dispersed in glycerol. AB - Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) dispersed in perdeuterated glycerol was investigated in order to determine the effects on the Raman spectra of hydrocarbon chain interdigitation in gel-phase lipid bilayers. Interdigitated DPPC bilayers formed from glycerol dispersions in the gel phase showed a decrease in the peak height intensity I2850/I2880 ratio, for the symmetric and asymmetric methylene CH stretching modes, respectively, as compared to non-interdigitated DPPC/water gel-phase dispersions. The decrease in this spectral ratio is interpreted as an increase in chain-chain lateral interactions. Spectra recorded in the 700-740 cm-1 CN stretching mode region, the 1000-1200 cm-1 C-C stretching mode region and the 1700-1800 cm-1 C = 0 stretching mode region were identical for both the interdigitated and non-interdigitated hydrocarbon chain systems. At low temperatures the Raman peak height intensity ratios I2935/I2880 were identical for the DPPC/glycerol and DPPC/water dispersions, indicating that this specific index for monitoring bilayer behavior is insensitive to acyl chain interdigitation. The increase, however, in the change of this index at the gel liquid crystalline phase transition temperature for the DPPC/glycerol dispersions implies a larger entropy of transition in comparison to the non-interdigitated DPPC/water bilayer system. PMID- 6548155 TI - Effect of spermine on interaction of DNA polymerase alpha from the loach (Misgurnus fossilis) eggs with DNA. AB - Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) cause a marked increase in the activity of the loach Misgurnus fossilis DNA polymerase alpha on activated (gapped) DNA. The stimulatory effect increases in the order: putrescine, spermidine, spermine. Kinetic analysis shows that spermine does not change the affinity of the polymerase for dTTP, but it decreases the enzyme affinity for DNA. The apparent Km of the polymerase for activated DNA progressively increases from 14 to 1200 microM (nucleotide), if the concentration of spermine rises up to 2 mM, while Vmax reaches a maximum at 0.5 mM spermine and then drops at higher polyamine concentrations. Native calf thymus DNA and especially single-stranded DNA from phage M13 appear to be inhibitors of alpha-polymerase activity on gapped DNA. Dixon plots suggest simple competitive inhibition of the polymerase activity by single- or double-stranded DNA and absence of cooperativity in the interaction of the polymerase with DNA. Hill-plot analysis is compatible with the interpretation that there is only one DNA binding site on each DNA polymerase alpha molecule. Spermine, even at low concentrations, decreases sharply the affinity of the enzyme for double-stranded DNA, while the enzyme affinity for single-stranded DNA changes insignificantly. Another result of spermine action is the destabilization of the polymerase-DNA complex. The ratio of the 'static affinity' of the enzyme to its 'kinetic affinity' decreases 2.2-fold in the presence of 0.5 mM spermine. As a result, the sensitivity of DNA synthesis to 3' deoxy-3'-aminothymidine 5'-triphosphate and to 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytidine 5'-triphosphate decreases in the presence of the polyamine. Both spermine effects, the decrease in the 'nonproductive binding' of the polymerase to double stranded regions in DNA and the destabilization of the polymerase-DNA complex, presumably account for the increase in the activity of the loach alpha-polymerase on activated DNA. PMID- 6548156 TI - Changes in the sequence content of albumin mRNA and in its translational activity in the rat liver with age. AB - To investigate the regulation of age-related changes in albumin synthesis in the rat liver, total postnuclear RNA and polyribosomes, both membrane-bound and free, were prepared from livers of rats of different ages. By the use of a specific complementary DNA probe, the albumin mRNA sequence content was quantitated in these RNA fractions. These studies showed a specific increase in albumin mRNA sequence content in total postnuclear RNA and membrane-bound polyribosomes at between 12 and 24 months of age. Between 24 and 36 months of age, the increase in the amount of albumin mRNA in these two fractions was due only to an increase in liver weight. The increase in albumin mRNA sequence content was not found in the poly(A)+ fraction but in the RNA extracted from the void of oligo(dT)-cellulose column chromatography. The isolated polyribosomes were translated in a cell-free system to assess age-related changes in total protein and albumin synthesis due to translational control. No changes with age were found in the translational capacity of membrane-bound and free polyribosomes per RNA unit. Immunoprecipitation of the synthesized albumin in the translation products revealed that albumin synthesis in the cell-free system is not increased proportionally with the elevated albumin mRNA level between 12 and 24 months of age. This indicates that albumin mRNAs present in the livers of old rats are biologically less active than those found in younger animals. PMID- 6548157 TI - Binding of methylumbelliferyl mannoside to concanavalin A under high pressure. AB - The equilibrium binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside to concanavalin A was measured by changes in fluorescence quenching observed at pressures ranging from 1 to 2000 bar (1974 atmospheres). From the pressure induced changes in the apparent Ka, we calculated volume changes for the association reaction of -2.5 and -1.7 +/- 1 ml/mol for concanavalin A in its dimeric and tetrameric forms, respectively. This carbohydrate-binding reaction is less pressure-sensitive than other protein-ligand interactions that have been studied under pressure. The volume change observed is comparable to that expected for a reaction involving hydrogen bond formation, in a non-polar environment. PMID- 6548158 TI - Lipoprotein lipase- and phospholipase A2-catalyzed hydrolysis of phospholipid vesicles with an encapsulated fluorescent dye. Effects of apolipoproteins. AB - The self-quenching dye, 6-carboxyfluorescein, has been encapsulated into sonicated vesicles of egg phosphatidylcholine. Porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and bovine milk lipoprotein lipase catalyze the hydrolysis of the phosphatidylcholine resulting in the release of the encapsulated dye and a large increase in 6-carboxyfluorescein fluorescence. The fluorescence increase occurs in parallel with the formation of lysophosphatidylcholine and is strongly dependent on Ca2+ for phospholipase A2 catalysis and on apolipoprotein C-II for hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase. Other apolipoproteins, including apolipoproteins C-III, C-I, and A-I, do not enhance lipoprotein lipase activity towards this substrate. We conclude that the enhancement of lipoprotein lipase activity by apolipoprotein C-II is a specific property of the activator protein due to its interaction with lipoprotein lipase or an enzyme/lipid interface and not a characteristic of lipid-binding proteins in general. PMID- 6548159 TI - Dietary modification of fatty acid and prostaglandin synthesis in the rat. Effect of variations in the level of dietary fat. AB - Dietary supplements with safflower oil, linseed oil, cod liver oil and hydrogenated coconut oil were given to rats at levels of 5, 20 and 40 energy % to simultaneously assess the effects of both type and level of dietary fat on tissue fatty acid composition and prostanoid synthesis. There was no significant change in weight gain or blood pressure between the dietary groups after the 4-week dietary regimen. The liver oil and linseed oil diets depressed the arachidonic acid content of kidney phospholipids at all levels of supplementation. The arachidonic acid content of plasma lipids was significantly elevated in animals on the safflower oil diet at 20 and 40 energy % while those on the same level of liver oil diet showed a marked reduction in arachidonic acid. Whole blood synthesis of thromboxane B2 varied significantly at all levels of fat supplementation, with the 20 energy % safflower oil fed group showing maximally enhanced thromboxane B2 production compared to the coconut oil group (P less than 0.001). Conversely, the liver oil groups showed depressed thromboxane B2 synthesis at 20 and 40 energy % (P less than 0.01) compared to the coconut oil group and at 5 energy % compared to the safflower oil group (P less than 0.05). Production of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 by incubated kidney homogenates only differed significantly between the dietary groups at 40 energy %. Urinary excretion of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha was increased by 45% and 55% in rats fed the safflower oil diet at 20 and 40 energy %, respectively compared to the saturated fat diet, while in the liver oil groups excretion was reduced by 20% and 32%. Dietary suppression of prostanoid synthesis is explained in part by changes in available arachidonic acid and competitive inhibition of cyclooxygenase by (n - 3) fatty acids. Thus, minor changes in dietary fat can readily alter tissue fatty acid composition, but both the extent and nature of changes in phospholipid and prostanoid metabolism vary markedly according to the tissue site. PMID- 6548160 TI - Comparison of acyl-oxyester and acyl-thioester lipids as substrates for bovine milk lipoprotein lipase. AB - The dithioester analog of dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine, rac-1,2-S,S-dihexanoyl-3 phosphocholine-1,2-dimercapto-3-propanol was synthesized and compared to the corresponding acyl-oxyester lipid as a substrate for bovine milk lipoprotein lipase. The apparent maximal reaction velocity (Vmax) for dihexanoyldithiophosphatidylcholine was considerably lower than that for dihexanoylphosphatidylcholine (0.12 vs. 5.0 mumol product released/min per mg lipoprotein lipase, respectively). The apparent Km values were 1.9 and 4.0 mM, respectively. 3-Butyrylthio-1,2-dibutyryloxypropane was also compared to tributyrylglycerol as a substrate for lipoprotein lipase; hydrolysis of the acyl thioester bond was insignificant when compared to the corresponding oxyester derivative. Apolipoprotein C-II, the activator protein of lipoprotein lipase for long-chain fatty acyl substrates, had no effect on the hydrolysis of either the thio- or oxyester short-chain substrates. The low lipoprotein lipase activity for the thioester substrates is discussed in relation to the structure of the lipid and the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 6548161 TI - Synthesis and characterisation of an iodinated bile-salt derivative for photoaffinity labelling. AB - The synthesis and characterisation of a novel iodinated bile salt derivative, 125I-labelled 3 beta-azidocholylhistamine, is described. The derivative is handled by rat liver in a similar manner to taurocholate and binding to bovine serum albumin, a well-characterised bile acid-binding protein, is demonstrated. The suitability of the derivative for photoaffinity labelling is assessed. PMID- 6548162 TI - Biosynthesis of 5,6-dihydroxyprostaglandin E1 and F1 alpha from 5,6 dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid by ram seminal vesicles. AB - cis-5(6)Epoxy-cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid was recently found to be metabolized by ram seminal vesicles to 5-hydroxyprostaglandin I 1 alpha and 5 hydroxyprostaglandin I 1 beta, 5(6)epoxyprostaglandin E1 and 5,6 dihydroxyprostaglandin E1. The epoxide can be hydrolyzed by epoxide hydrolases to 5,6-dihydroxy-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid. The latter was incubated with microsomes of ram seminal vesicles for 2 min at 37 degrees C and the polar metabolites were purified by reversed phase HPLC and analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major metabolite was identified as 5,6 dihydroxyprostaglandin F 1 alpha. In the presence of glutathione (1 mM), 5,6 dihydroxyprostaglandin E1 was also formed. The 3H-labelled vicinal diol and the 3H-labelled epoxide were metabolized to polar products to a similar extent, but the formation of prostaglandin E compounds in the presence of glutathione was lower from the diol than from the epoxide or from arachidonic acid. The likely prostaglandin endoperoxide intermediates in the metabolism of the diol (5,6 dihydroxyprostaglandin G1 and 5,6-dihydroxyprostaglandin H1) thus appear to be less prone to be isomerized to prostaglandin E compounds than prostaglandins G2 and H2 and their 5(6)epoxy counterparts. 5(6)Epoxyprostaglandin E1 and 5,6 dihydroxyprostaglandin E1 can be chemically transformed into 5,6 dihydroxyprostaglandin B1. The latter can be analyzed by HPLC or by mass fragmentography, and a simple chemical synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxyprostaglandin B1 from prostaglandin E2 is described. PMID- 6548163 TI - Cord blood prolactin and thyroid hormone levels after antenatal administration of betamethasone or ambroxol for prevention of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). AB - Several studies showed that ambroxol is efficacious in enhancing fetal lung maturation, provided large doses are given. We investigated cord blood levels of PRL and thyroid hormones in 31 infants born after antenatal administration of betamethasone, in 31 infants born to mothers treated with ambroxol for prevention of RDS and in 27 infants whose mothers had not received any drug enhancing fetal lung maturity. The only significant difference (p less than 0.05) between the groups was noted in T3 mean levels that were higher in the ambroxol group than in the betamethasone group between the 33th to 36th week of gestation. Hormone levels did not appear significantly different in infants who developed RDS rather than in infants who did not. PMID- 6548164 TI - [Interactive vision tests]. PMID- 6548165 TI - Venereophobia. PMID- 6548167 TI - Retrograde double labeling of neurons: the combined use of horseradish peroxidase and diamidino yellow dihydrochloride (DY X 2HCl) compared with true blue and DY X 2HCl in rat descending brainstem pathways. AB - Three series of double-labeling experiments were carried out in a study of the collateralization of brainstem nuclei which project to the spinal cord in the rat. The fluorescent tracer Diamidino Yellow Dihydrochloride (DY X 2HCl) was injected in one half of the spinal gray and white matter at T7-T8 or T13-L1. Subsequently, either True Blue (TB), wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) or free HRP were injected ipsilaterally in the gray matter at C5-C8. The distributions of single and double retrogradely labeled neurons were studied in the following cell groups: red nucleus, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, ventrolateral pontine tegmentum, nuclei coeruleus and subcoeruleus and nuclei raphe magnus and raphe pallidus including the adjoining ventral reticular formation. The numbers of TB- or HRP-labeled neurons present in those nuclei were counted and the percentages of double-labeled neurons were calculated when TB or HRP had been used in combination with DY X 2HCl. The results indicate: The HRP TMB reaction product and the DY X 2HCl fluorescence can be visualized simultaneously in retrogradely single- or double-labeled neurons. The distributions of single- and double-labeled neurons in the various brainstem nuclei were entirely comparable when using TB with DY X 2HCl or HRP with DY X 2HCl. The percentages of double-labeled neurons obtained with HRP and DY X 2HCl were consistent over a series of cases, and were comparable to those obtained with TB and DY X 2HCl in several structures. However, in the red nucleus slightly lower percentages of double-labeled neurons were obtained using HRP and DY X 2HCl as compared with the percentages obtained using TB and DY X 2HCl. PMID- 6548166 TI - Advanced gastric cancer: experience in Scotland using 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin-C. AB - Eighty-four patients with advanced gastric cancer treated in four centres in Scotland between June 1980 and December 1982 were reviewed following treatment with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and mitomycin-C (FAM). Eighty-one patients were evaluable. Twenty-eight patients (35 per cent) responded (four complete) with a median duration of response of 10.5 months and median survival of 17 months. Ten are still alive. Response was associated with an improvement in performance status. Eight patients (10 per cent) had stable disease with a median survival of 10 months. Forty-five (55 per cent) had progressive disease with a median survival of 4.5 months; one patient remains alive. Analysis of prognostic variables indicated that the presence of hepatic metastases had a negative influence on response to FAM (P less than 0.001). Treatment was well tolerated on an outpatient basis. FAM offers good palliative therapy in a proportion of patients with this disease, especially those without overt liver metastases. PMID- 6548168 TI - Neuropeptide Y in human spinal cord. AB - The distribution of a newly described peptide, neuropeptide Y (NPY) within the human spinal cord has been determined using radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. Higher concentrations were found in the lumbar (49.9 +/- 6.8 pmol/g) and sacral (47.0 +/- 10.6 pmol/g) regions than in the cervical (27.6 +/- 2.7 pmol/g) and thoracic spinal cord (33.8 +/- 5.3 pmol/g). Immunocytochemistry revealed numerous nerve fibers containing NPY in the spinal cord; these were particularly concentrated in the substantia gelatinosa of the dorsal horn. In the ventral spinal cord NPY-containing nerves were sparse becoming more abundant in lumbosacral segments. PMID- 6548169 TI - Tolerance to morphine analgesia: decreased multiplicative interaction between spinal and supraspinal sites. AB - Mice injected with morphine at both a supraspinal (intracerebroventricular) and a spinal (intrathecal) site showed a multiplicative interaction between sites for the tail-flick analgesic response. In morphine pellet-implanted mice, the decrease in this interaction was the source of tolerance developed to subcutaneous morphine whereas the separate sites showed no tolerance. During morphine withdrawal (after removal of the morphine pellet) synergism between sites returned but the separate sites showed development of tolerance. PMID- 6548170 TI - On-line data acquisition system using an Apple computer: ISI and PST histograms. AB - A combined hardware/software system for the study of the temporal distributions of spike data is described. Through extensive use of assembly language subroutines the program is able to simultaneously acquire, analyze and display the incoming data. Production of a "Temporal Memory Map" makes possible the examination of acquired data at a wide variety of different bin widths. Interaction with the user is made extremely simple. Provisions are included for the labelling and printing of the output histograms and for the compact storage of data onto floppy disks. Maximum temporal resolution is 0.1 millisecond and maximum total acquisition width is 12.8 minutes. Hardware requirements beyond the basic computer consist of an external signal conditioning circuit and a slot independent peripheral card containing two integrated circuits. The system has been successfully used in the analysis of neural and EMG evoked responses and should be widely useable in other applications. PMID- 6548171 TI - Primary splenic presentation of malignant lymphoma and related disorders. A study of 49 cases. AB - The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma presenting as an initial splenic manifestation may go unrecognized as such when peripheral lymph nodes are not enlarged and when results of bone marrow biopsies are negative. Tissues from 49 patients, ranging in age from 15 to 78 years, in whom the original diagnosis of malignant lymphoma and related conditions was made at splenectomy, were classified as: diffuse small lymphocytic (20), diffuse large cell (11), diffuse small cleaved (5), diffuse large cell, immunoblastic (5), follicular small cleaved cell (3), and follicular mixed small cell and large cell (2). Two additional spleens, diagnosed as acute blastic leukemia, were initially confused with malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by light microscopy. One patient presented with Hodgkin's disease confined to the spleen. For the non-Hodgkin's lymphoma group, parameters of age, sex, splenic weight (range, 226-4000 g), lymph node, bone marrow, or liver involvement did not adversely influence prognosis. Abdominal lymph nodes were positive in 31 of 37 patients having splenic hilar and/or abdominal lymph nodes available for review. Of 29 patients with adequate follow-up, 7 died of disease, 5 were free of disease at 3 years, 2 were free of disease at 5 years, 2 were alive with disease at 3 years, 4 were alive with disease at 5 years, and 9 died from second malignancies, unknown, or unrelated causes. Six of the 7 patients who died of lymphoma were classified as large cell (four diffuse large cell and two diffuse large cell, immunoblastic), with a mean 2-year survival. One patient died of leukemia. Those lymphomas classified as low grade behaved in an indolent fashion. The morphologic diversity of these cases emphasizes the need for the initial recognition and correct classification of lymphomas which present in the spleen, since survival is best determined according to histologic type. PMID- 6548172 TI - Treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian carcinoma with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. AB - Forty-seven patients with primary advanced (N = 37) or recurrent ovarian carcinoma (N = 10) completed a 12-month course of CAP chemotherapy or developed progressive disease while on therapy and were evaluated. All patients were treated between August 1, 1977 and August 1, 1982. Cyclophosphamide 400 mg/m2, Adriamycin (doxorubicin) 40 mg/m2, and cisplatin 60 mg/m2, were administered every 4 weeks intravenously. After 8 courses the cisplatin was stopped. The patients then received 500 mg/m2 of cyclophosphamide and 50 mg/m2 of Adriamycin. At the cumulative dose of 450 mg/m2, the Adriamycin was stopped and cyclophosphamide was given at 1 g/m2 alone until the patient had received a total of 12-13 courses from the initiation of the chemotherapy protocol. The cardiac, renal, and hematopoetic toxicity of the regimen was mild to moderate. The median survival of the entire study population was 32 months. The median survival of the patients with primary disease was 36 months. The median survival of patients with recurrent disease was 20 months. There was a significant difference in median survival based on size of the largest lesion prior to initiation of chemotherapy. There was no difference in median survival based on tumor grade or comparing Stage III to Stage IV tumors. The most important aspects of the study appeared to be the length of the median survival of the patients, the fact that all patients who were complete responders and who were considered to have no evidence of disease, have been documented by second look, and the success of secondary treatment after second-look procedures revealed persistent tumor. The authors additionally report the use of weight change as an indicator of tumor response, and the importance of the pelvic examination complimented by fine-needle aspiration in following the course of these patients. PMID- 6548173 TI - Further studies on the treatment of advanced gastric cancer by 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and mitomycin C (modified FAM). AB - Twenty-two previously untreated patients with advanced gastric adenocarcinoma were treated with a modification of the original 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and mitomycin C (FAM) combination chemotherapy. The cycles were repeated every 6 weeks. There were four partial remissions and no complete response (overall response rate of 18%, with confidence interval of 0.02-0.34 for a confidence level of 95%). Duration of response ranged between 2.5 and 12 months. The overall median survival was 6.8 months. The median survival of responding patients (13.6 months) and the nonresponders (5.8 months) did not significantly differ. Sex and initial performance status did not influence the response to FAM. Toxicity was mild to moderate, and in only a few patients was it necessary to significantly reduce the drug doses or to prolong the intervals between treatments. Combining the current results with those obtained in a study recently reported the authors in which the original FAM was given to 33 evaluable patients, 11 responders have been seen among 55 consecutive patients with evaluable disease. These results are obviously inferior to those reported by other groups of investigators and led the authors to try another combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6548174 TI - Value and limitations of echocardiography in endocarditis. Editorial comments to the paper by Burger et al. PMID- 6548175 TI - Occurrence and distribution of neuropeptide-Y-immunoreactive nerves in the respiratory tract and middle ear. AB - Nerve fibres displaying neuropeptide-Y (NPY) immunoreactivity are abundantly distributed in the respiratory tract of cats, guinea-pigs, rats and mice. Fine beaded NPY fibres were seen in whole-mount spreads of the middle-ear mucosa. In the nasal mucosa and in the wall of the Eustachian tube NPY fibres were numerous around arteries and arterioles but sparse in the vicinity of veins; single fibres were found close to the acini of seromucous glands. In the tracheobronchial wall NPY fibres occurred in the proximity of blood vessels, in the subepithelial layer and in the smooth muscle. Surgical and chemical (6-hydroxydopamine treatment) sympathectomy resulted in disappearance of adrenergic and NPY-containing nerve fibres in the nasal mucosa. Sequential staining with antibodies against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and NPY revealed that DBH and NPY occur in the same perivascular nerve fibres in the nasal mucosa. The distribution of NPY fibres in the respiratory tract suggests multiple functions of NPY, such as regulation of local blood flow, glandular secretion and smooth muscle activity. PMID- 6548176 TI - Ischemia and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias in the rat. Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol. AB - We have investigated the possibility that xanthine oxidase-linked free radical production has a role in the genesis of arrhythmias during ischemia and reperfusion. In this study, rats were treated with allopurinol (20 mg/kg, orally, 24 hours before study, plus 20 mg/kg, iv, 15 minutes prior to study). Using an anesthetized open-chest preparation with either coronary artery occlusion for 30 minutes, or 5 minutes followed by 10 minutes reperfusion, we monitored and compared the rhythm disturbances in experimental vs. placebo-treated rats (n = 18 in each group). Allopurinol treatment reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia during ischemia from 88% to 50% (P less than 0.05) and the number of premature ventricular complexes from 471 +/- 120 to 116 +/- 46 (P less than 0.02), but the treatment had no effect upon the incidence or duration of ventricular fibrillation or upon mortality. In contrast, far more dramatic protection was observed during reperfusion after 5 minutes of ischemia. Allopurinol treatment reduced the incidence of ventricular fibrillation from 67% to 11% (P less than 0.01), reduced the mean duration of fibrillation from 230 +/- 70 to 14 +/- 1 seconds (P less than 0.05), and reduced mortality by half (10/18 to 4/18), although this did not reach a level of statistical significance. In addition, the mean duration of tachycardia was reduced from 83 +/- 26 to 38 +/- 8 seconds (P less than 0.05). Allopurinol pretreatment thus affords some protection against ischemia-induced arrhythmias, but a higher degree of protection against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase activity, and, in turn, this inhibits superoxide radical production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548177 TI - Hypercalcemic hypertension in hemodialysis. AB - Hypertension refractory to standard dialystic maneuvers developed in a 25-year old female who had been on long-term hemodialysis. Lowering the target dry weight and adding antihypertensives did not ameliorate the hypertension. Hypercalcemia, due to vitamin D administration, was discovered and, following its correction, there was subsequent normalization of the blood pressure. This report discusses some of the mechanisms whereby calcium can interface with blood pressure regulatory mechanisms in individuals with end stage renal disease. PMID- 6548178 TI - Multivariate time series discrimination in the spectral domain. AB - Multivariate time series discrimination for evoked potentials from two cognitively different populations is discussed. A method for constructing linear and quadratic discriminant functions in the spectral domain using a stepwise frequency selection procedure is described and applied. Further, the effects of rank transformations on the estimated nonerror rates are examined. Finally, the validity of the signal plus stationary noise model (SSN) is examined. The performance of the SSN model is compared with the performance of a model (SNN) which consists of a signal plus nonstationary noise and a model (Mix) which consists of mixtures of subpopulations. PMID- 6548179 TI - Automated analysis of human sperm motility. AB - Sperm motility is a determinant parameter characterizing the fertilizing ability of a semen sample. An objective method for measuring this parameter based upon an automated analysis of microcinematographic recordings is presented. The system, which consists of a Cinescan H16, a Quantimet 720 image analyzer, and a PDP 11/34 minicomputer, allows a motility analysis to be performed in about 5 min. PMID- 6548180 TI - Specific and non-specific humoral responses in human trypanosomiasis. A case report of documented pre-infection immune status. PMID- 6548181 TI - Calcium transport in perfused duodena from normal chicks: enhancement within fourteen minutes of exposure to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - The effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3) on calcium transport was studied in vascularly perfused duodena of normal, vitamin D-replete chicks. Addition of 130 pM 1,25(OH)2D3 to the perfusate resulted in a significant increase in 45Ca transport from the lumen to the vascular effluent within 14 min; the transport rate rose to 140% of levels in comparable preparations exposed for 40 min to vehicle. No effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 were noted on the back flux or transfer of 45Ca from the vascular effluent to the lumen. Vascular perfusion with 100 microM colchicine, an antimicrotubular agent, abolished the rapid lumen-to vascular effluent effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on 45Ca transport, relative to preparations exposed to the secosteroid and 100 microM lumicolchicine, (a light inactivated analog of colchicine). Colchicine did not, however, alter basal 45Ca transport rates. Addition of 130 pM 1,25(OH)2D3 to the lumenal compartment of normal chicks or vascular perfusion of duodena from vitamin D-deficient birds failed to increase 45Ca transport above control levels. Perfusion of duodena from normal chicks with 650 pM 1,25(OH)2D3 further increased calcium transport to 170% of levels observed in preparations treated with 130 pM steroid, and 210% of levels in controls. Although 15 nM vitamin D3 had no effect, in one series of experiments 125 nM 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 elicited vascular calcium levels that were 185% of controls at 40 min. These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 can act in vitamin D-replete animals to produce rapid unidirectional calcium transport responses (through unknown mechanisms), as well as by interaction with intestinal nuclear receptors in D-deficient animals to promote induction of protein(s) that support long acting calcium transport responses. PMID- 6548182 TI - Neuropeptide Y in the thyroid gland: neuronal localization and enhancement of stimulated thyroid hormone secretion. AB - Nerve fibers displaying neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity occurred around blood vessels and follicles in the thyroid gland of several mammals, including man. Removal of the superior cervical ganglia or chemical sympathectomy (6 hydroxydopamine treatment) markedly reduced the number of NPY-containing nerve fibers in the thyroid and eliminated norepinephrine-containing fibers. NPY immunoreactive nerve cell bodies were numerous in the superior cervical ganglia of mouse, rat, and guinea pig. Not unexpectedly, therefore, immunocytochemistry involving sequential staining with antibodies against dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (an enzyme marker for adrenergic neurons) and NPY revealed that most of the NPY fibers were adrenergic. As tested in mice in vivo, NPY did not affect basal or norepinephrine-stimulated thyroid hormone secretion, but enhanced isoprenaline-, TSH-, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-induced iodothyronine release. These findings suggest a modulatory role for NPY in the control of thyroid hormone secretion. PMID- 6548183 TI - Evidence for microheterogeneity in the structure of human glucocorticoid receptors. AB - The human glucocorticoid receptor has been selectively affinity labeled with [3H]dexamethasone mesylate by utilizing whole cells to form complexes of steroids and receptors. The nonspecific interaction of [3H]dexamethasone mesylate [[3H]9 alpha-fluoro-16 alpha-methyl-11 beta, 17 alpha,21-trihydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20 dione-21-mesylate ([3H]DM)] with proteins containing sulfhydryl groups has been minimized by incubation of intact HeLa S3 cells with 1 X 10(-8) M [3H]DM at 0 C before preparation of cytosol fractions. Under these conditions, which result in the labeling of 30% of the total cellular receptor, [3H]DM binds to a single protein that has a mol wt of about 88,000. Four lines of evidence suggest that this protein, with a molecular mass of approximately 88,000 represents the glucocorticoid receptor. 1) [3H]DM binding is saturable. 2) Glucocorticoids and progesterone, but not estradiol or testosterone, compete with [3H]DM for binding with the 88,000-dalton protein. 3) The sedimentation behavior of the glucocorticoid receptors is quite similar whether they are labeled with [3H]DM or with [3H]dexamethasone. Protein labeled with [3H]DM sediments as an approximately 7.5S species in 5-20% sucrose gradients. Increasing the ionic strength of the buffer during centrifugation produces a receptor form that sediments as a species at about 4.5S. 4) The affinity labeled glucocorticoid receptors display isoelectric focusing patterns nearly identical to those observed for receptors labeled with [3H] dexamethasone. [3H]DM-receptor complexes have been subjected to high resolution two-dimensional gel analysis. The data revealed that the human glucocorticoid receptor consists of a family of at least five proteins with molecular masses of approximately 88,000 which have discrete isoelectric points ranging from 6.5-7.5. We hypothesize that this heterogeneous population of proteins represents multiple species of steroid receptor proteins within the same cell or perhaps post-transcriptional modification of a single protein. PMID- 6548185 TI - The molecular basis of alpha-thalassaemia in Thailand. AB - The molecular basis of alpha-thalassaemia has been established in 48 Thai subjects with Hb H disease and 15 with the Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome. This study has shown that in this population there are at least 18 different types of chromosome carrying seven independent alpha-thalassaemia mutations one of which is a novel deletion removing the entire alpha-globin gene complex. Although there are a limited number of alpha-thalassaemia determinants in the Thai population, there is a remarkable degree of variation in the genetic markers which flank them. These markers may be of value in establishing the evolutionary history of the alpha-thalassaemias. PMID- 6548184 TI - Organotypic culture of fetal lung type II alveolar epithelial cells: applications to pulmonary toxicology. AB - Techniques for isolation and culture of fetal Type II alveolar epithelial cells, as well as the morphologic and biochemical characteristics of these histotypic cultures, are described. Type II alveolar epithelial cells can be isolated from fetal rat lungs and grown in an organotypic culture system as described in this review. The fetal Type II cells resemble differentiated rat Type II cells in morphology, biochemistry, and karyotype as they grow in culture for up to 5 weeks. The cells of the mature organotypic cultures form alveolarlike structures while growing on a gelatin sponge matrix. The Type II cells also synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant similar in biochemical composition to that produced in vivo. This system has been used to study the effects of hormones on surfactant production and composition. The organotypic model has many potential applications to the study of pulmonary toxicology. PMID- 6548187 TI - Studies on the nature of transition-metal-ion-mediated binding of triazine dyes to enzymes. The interaction of procion red MX-8B with carboxypeptidase G-2. AB - Several reactive azoic dichlorotriazinyl dyes specifically and irreversibly inactivate the folate-degrading enzyme carboxypeptidase G-2 at a site competitive with the enzyme substrates methotrexate (4-amino-N10-methylfolic acid) and p aminobenzoyl-L-glutamate. Although the less reactive monochlorotriazinyl dye, Procion red H-8BN, is unable to inactivate the enzyme, it is capable of marked inhibition of inactivation by dichlorotriazinyl dyes in the presence of Zn2+. Zinc ions and, to a lesser extent other first row transition metal ions, significantly enhance the affinity of Procion red H-8BN and its analogues Procion red MX-8B and Procion red MX-2B, for carboxypeptidase G-2. It is proposed that this effect is mediated through the formation of a specific tetracoordinate Zn2+ complex between the azo linkage and adjacent sulphonate and hydroxyl functions of the dye and an appropriate ligand on the protein. Carboxypeptidase G-2 quantitatively inactivated with the dichlorotriazinyl dye, Procion red MX-8B, contains approximately 1 mol dye/mol subunit of Mr 42000. Proteolytic cleavage of the labelled enzyme and resolution of the peptides by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography yields a principal red peptide which on amino acid sequence analysis results in the identification of the dye binding domain. The affinity label, Procion red MX-8B, is believed to be attached to the hydroxylic side chain of Thr-279. PMID- 6548186 TI - Primary structure of beta subunit precursor of calf muscle acetylcholine receptor deduced from cDNA sequence. AB - Clones harbouring cDNA sequences for the beta subunit precursor of the acetylcholine receptor from calf skeletal muscle have been isolated. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned cDNA has disclosed the primary structure of this polypeptide, which consists of 505 amino acids including a hydrophobic prepeptide of 24 amino acids. The beta subunit of the calf muscle acetylcholine receptor, like the alpha and gamma subunits of the same receptor and the alpha subunit of its human counterpart, exhibits structural features common to all four subunits of the Torpedo electroplax receptor, apparently being oriented across the membrane in the same manner as proposed for the fish receptor subunits. The degree of sequence homology between the calf and Torpedo beta subunits (59%) is comparable to that between the gamma subunits (56%), but is lower than that between the alpha subunits of the two species (81%). Some regions of the beta subunit molecule, including the region corresponding to the putative acetylcholine binding area on the alpha subunit and the region encompassing the clustered putative transmembrane segments M1, M2 and M3, are relatively well conserved between the two species. PMID- 6548188 TI - Molecular cloning of hepatic 5-aminolevulinate synthase. AB - Hepatic 5-aminolevulinate synthase was induced in chick embryos by administration of the porphyrinogenic drugs 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide and 3,5 diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine. A cDNA library was constructed from drug induced liver mRNA and clones containing sequences coding for 5-aminolevulinate synthase were identified by hybrid-selected translation. The identity of these clones was confirmed by comparing DNA sequence data with the amino acid sequence of peptides from purified 5-aminolevulinate synthase. From Northern blot analysis the size of the mRNA for 5-aminolevulinate synthase was estimated to be 2800 base pairs, approximately 600 base pairs more than that required to code for the primary translation product of relative molecular mass 74000. PMID- 6548189 TI - Computer map of salivary gland chromosomes in Drosophila hydei. PMID- 6548190 TI - Effects of intrathecally administered THIP, baclofen and muscimol on nociceptive threshold. AB - This study examined whether the antinociceptive activity of THIP (4,5,6,7 tetrahydroisoxazolo[5,4-c]pyridin-3-ol), a GABA agonist, is mediated through an action exerted at the level of the spinal cord. Intrathecal injection of doses of THIP devoid of motor effects (1-2 micrograms) did not increase tail flick or hot plate latencies in the rat. Although hot plate latency was transiently increased by intrathecal injection of 5 micrograms THIP, slight motor impairment was observed at this dose. Higher doses of THIP (15-50 micrograms) produced flaccidity of the hindlimbs. Intrathecal injection of low doses of muscimol (0.25 microgram) that did not produce motor impairment increased tail flick, but not hot plate, latencies. Baclofen produced motor incoordination following intrathecal injection of 10 micrograms; however, intrathecal injection of 1 microgram significantly increased both tail flick and hot plate latencies without attendant motor effects. Thus, baclofen was the only compound in which the antinociceptive effect was clearly distinguished from the motor effect. These results additionally indicate that the spinal cord does not mediate the antinociceptive activity of THIP. PMID- 6548191 TI - Brugia malayi: stage-specific expression of carbohydrates containing N-acetyl-D glucosamine on the sheathed surfaces of microfilariae. AB - Microfilariae, infective larvae, and adult worms of Brugia malayi were incubated with a panel of seven lectins in order to study the expression of surface carbohydrates. Infective larvae and adult worms did not bind any of the lectins utilized. Microfilariae, on the other hand, bound wheat germ agglutinin. The binding of this lectin was saturable and specific, and attributed to the presence of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. In addition, microfilariae derived in vitro bound concanavalin A, indicating the presence of glucose and/or mannose on this stage of the parasite. The fact that similar concanavalin A binding was not seen on microfilariae recovered directly from the infected host implies that there is masking or loss of parasite surface antigens as microfilariae mature in vivo. PMID- 6548192 TI - [Characteristics of the ultraslow activity and temperature of the brain as affected by neurotropic substances]. AB - It has been demonstrated in experiments on rabbits with golden electrodes and thermocouples implanted to the brain that ethimizol (1.5 mg/kg) and 1-ethyl-4,5 di-(N.-methylcarbamoyl)-pyrazole (IEM-476, 3 mg/kg) altered the amplitude and frequency of ultraslow wave potentials and decreased the temperature of the hypothalamus, dorsal hippocamp and neocortex. Allylnorantifein (1-allyl-4,5-di-(N methylcarbamoyl)-imidazole, 3 mg/kg) and 1-allyl-4,5-di-(N-methylcarbamoyl) pyrazole (IEM-474, 3 mg/kg) altered the amplitude and frequency of ultraslow wave potentials of middle brain reticular formation nuclei, medial thalamic nuclei and of the neocortex, the structures of the nonspecific ascending system of the brain, and did not influence the temperature of the brain. The effects of IEM-476 and IEM-474 on the indicators under study were less powerful than those of ethimizol and allylnortifein. PMID- 6548193 TI - [Comparative study of the effect of 3 M-cholinergic blockaders on memory and motor activity in rats]. AB - Experiments on rats were made to study and compare pharmacologically three central antimuscarinic drugs, namely scopolamine, N-methyl-4-piperidinol benzylate and tropine phenylcyclopentylglycolate. A study was made of the effects of the compounds on rat motor activity by the Animex system and on short-term memory by passive avoidance behavior. Logit analysis was employed to define the ED50 of the compounds that inhibit the arecoline-induced tremor. Definite differences were discovered in the effects of the antimuscarinic drugs on CNS functions. For example, M-methyl-4-piperidinol benzylate applied in a wide dosage range induced motor hyperactivity without affecting the short-term memory, whereas tropine phenylcyclopentylglycolate provoked motor hyperactivity and memory disorders at equal doses. As regards the doses producing both the effects, scopolamine occupied the intermediate position. No correlation was found between central antimuscarinic activity of the compounds under study and their influences on motor hyperactivity and formation of passive avoidance behavior. PMID- 6548194 TI - Transformation of leukotriene A4 methyl ester to leukotriene C4 monomethyl ester by cytosolic rat glutathione transferases. AB - Six major basic cytosolic glutathione transferases from rat liver catalyzed the conversion of leukotriene A4 methyl ester to the corresponding leukotriene C4 monomethyl ester. Glutathione transferase 4-4, the most active among these enzymes, had a Vmax of 615 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1 at 30 degrees C in the presence of 5 mM glutathione. It was followed in efficiency by transferase 3-4 which had a Vmax of 160 nmol X min-1 X mg-1 under the same conditions. Transferases 1-1, 1-2, 2-2 and 3-3 had at least 30 times lower Vmax values than transferase 4-4. PMID- 6548196 TI - [Changes of gastrin levels in autoimmune thyroid disorders. Part I: Thyroid functions and gastrin levels]. AB - The relationship between thyroid disorders and gastric pathophysiology has been studied mainly from standpoints of gastric histology and gastric acid output capacity. Though anti-gastric antibody has been thought to play a part in this relationship, there have been no clear conclusions obtained about that. Since blood gastrin levels are easily measurable by radioimmunoassay today, the relationship between thyroid disorders and gastric pathophysiology has drawn attention again from a standpoint of gastrin levels. Seino et al. have reported about hypergastrinemia in hyperthyroidism, speculating that beta-adrenergic hyperresponsiveness of gastrin-producing cells could be the mechanism of hypergastrinemia. However, there are other reports which mentioned feedback mechanism between gastrin and gastric acid or interaction of gastrointestinal hormones as the main mechanism of hypergastrinemia. In this study, the problem of gastrin in Graves' disease and chronic thyroiditis were studied by measurement of fasting serum gastrin levels and gastric juice excretion in view of feedback mechanism between gastrin-producing cells and parietal cells which are the target cells of gastrin. Following results were obtained. Fasting serum gastrin levels in Graves' disease were 236.2 +/- 39.1 (mean +/- SE) pg/ml for 39 hyperthyroid patients and 126.3 +/- 23.9 pg/ml for 35 euthyroid patients. These levels were significantly higher than those of sex and age-matched control subjects with P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.05, respectively. Fasting serum gastrin levels in serial studies of 13 patients with Graves' disease were 222.3 +/- 56.7 pg/ml before treatment and 167.3 +/- 56.6 pg/ml at the time of euthyroid state after a mean observation period of 6.6 +/- 1.1 months. Fasting serum gastrin levels at the time of euthyroid state decreased significantly when compared with fasting serum gastrin levels before treatment (P less than 0.05). Fasting serum gastrin levels in chronic thyroiditis were 160.7 +/- 51.1 pg/ml for 24 hypothyroid patients and 96.4 +/- 24.7 pg/ml for 31 euthyroid patients. Each of these levels had no significant differences when compared with sex and age-matched control subjects. Fasting serum gastrin levels in serial studies of 10 patients with chronic thyroiditis were 81.1 +/- 18.0 pg/ml at the time of hypothyroid state and 91.5 +/- 15.2 pg/ml at the time of euthyroid state after a mean observation period of 7.1 +/- 2.1 months. Fasting serum gastrin levels before treatment had no significant differences when compared with fasting serum gastrin levels in euthyroid state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6548195 TI - PHI-like immunoreactivity in the gallbladder and in vitro effect of porcine PHI on smooth muscle of the gallbladder. AB - The occurrence and distribution of PHI-like immunoreactivity in the guinea pig gallbladder has been analysed by radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry. Chromatography of gallbladder extracts by gel permeation and high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that guinea pig PHI-like immunoreactivity is of a similar size to that of porcine PHI but may differ in its amino acid sequence. Immunocytochemistry showed PHI-immunoreactivity to be localised to nerves found predominantly in the ganglionated plexus and the mucosal plexus of the gallbladder. Pure natural porcine PHI induced a dose-dependent relaxation of the isolated guinea pig gallbladder muscle which was not blocked by antagonists to acetylcholine, catecholamines, histamine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine. PHI may thus be one of the local factors involved in controlling gallbladder function. PMID- 6548197 TI - Modulation of murine hemopoiesis in vivo by a synthetic hemoregulatory pentapeptide (HP 5b). AB - A synthetic pentapeptide analogous to an inhibitory factor associated with human granulocytes was tested in vivo on female C3H mice. The relative and absolute numbers of myelopoietic and erythropoietic cells in the bone marrow were measured following injections as well as the continuous infusion of the pentapeptide in dose ranges between 10(-8)M and 10(-4)M (0.12 micrograms to 1.2 mg/mouse). In low doses, the pentapeptide reduced the number of myelopoietic cells in the bone marrow, and this was accompanied by reduced numbers of granulocytes and monocytes and peripheral blood. Elevated doses also decreased erythropoiesis. In contrast, continuous infusion of 14 micrograms/h for 19 days seemed to make the myelopoietic cells refractory to further action. A regulatory function of the pentapeptide is proposed. PMID- 6548198 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of likurim in lymphosarcoma in dogs]. PMID- 6548199 TI - A five-year history of targeting home care services to prevent institutionalization. PMID- 6548200 TI - [A computer program for the reliable evaluation of Comberg roentgen images]. PMID- 6548201 TI - [Diagnosis of primary non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the central nervous system]. AB - In literature, primary malignant lymphomas (PML) of the central nervous system (CNS) have been known for many years under different names, although diagnosis was almost exclusively made via autopsy. It is only since the existence of computed tomography (CT) that there is a possibility of identifying or at least presuming intra vitam such malignancy and of securing the diagnosis via brain biopsy. This is most important because it enables an early treatment of patients by means of radiation and chemotherapy. We are documenting a new approach to identify the PML of CNS by four case histories of our own patients. This consists in the specific manner in which these tumours react to high doses of corticosteroid therapy. Under this treatment they diminish in size or even disappear completely. This can even be seen in other diseases, but when such behaviour of an intracerebral lesion is seen in a CT scan it should be of help in the evaluation of differential diagnosis and should be regarded as an important pointer towards achieving early diagnosis of PML of the CNS. PMID- 6548202 TI - Nuclear morphologic and morphometric analyses of large noncleaved cell and immunoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Both morphologically and immunologically, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) of the large cell type has been shown to be a heterogeneous category. However, the homogeneity of the nuclear parameters, particularly size and condensed chromatin organization, used to classify this subtype of NHL has not been investigated. In fact, objective morphologic techniques have not been systematically applied to verify the segregation of NHL on the basis of nuclear parameters, a concept common to all current classification systems. In this study morphometric image analysis was used to compare the nuclei in 20 specimens from NHLs of the large cell type with those in mantle zone and germinal center lymphocytes from lymph nodes with reactive hyperplasia. Results of the assessment of mean nuclear area in large cell lymphomas revealed that this class is also heterogeneous, with some of the specimens having a nuclear size in the upper range of that for normal small lymphocytes. In addition, in only a few of these specimens was the mean nuclear area within the range of that for fully transformed germinal center lymphocytes. The majority of large cell lymphomas have a nuclear size more characteristic of partially transformed lymphocytes in germinal centers. In addition to indicating inconsistencies in the current diagnostic criteria used in NHL classifications, the results indicate reasons for interobserver variations in clinicopathologic trials; the validity of nuclear size as a prognostic indicator and the biologic basis for classifying NHL as a reflection of normal lymphocyte transformation are also questioned. In terms of patient management, the classifications of NHL currently used require objective reappraisal. PMID- 6548203 TI - Dietary vitamin A and the risk of invasive cervical cancer. AB - The relation between dietary vitamin A and the risk of invasive cervical cancer was evaluated using data from a hospital-based case-control study of 191 women with cervical cancer and 191 age-matched controls. There was no association between dietary retinoids and cervical cancer risk. Intake of dietary beta carotene, on the other hand, was inversely and strongly related to the risk of cervical cancer. Compared to risks for women reporting a monthly intake of 150,000 or more international units (IU) of beta-carotene, the estimated relative risks for those with 100,000 to 149,000 and those with less than 100,000 IU per month were 2.8 and 6.1 respectively. The inverse association was not explained by any of the major identified risk factors for cervical cancer (including indicators of socio-economic status or sexual habits), or by differences in general characteristics and other lifestyle habits between cases and controls. Thus, although the uncertainties of the vitamin A measurements used are substantial, these findings support the hypothesis that dietary beta-carotene-or some related aspect of a vegetable-rich diet-is protective against invasive cervical cancer. PMID- 6548204 TI - Synthesis of tritiated tuftsin and macrophage inhibitory tripeptide via acetylenic intermediates. AB - Acetylenic analogues of tuftsin (Thr-Dah-Pro-Arg) and of a macrophage inhibitory tripeptide (Thr-Dah-Pro) have been synthesized by conventional procedures in solution (Dah = 2,6-diamino-4-hexynoic acid). These acetylenic derivatives are intermediates for the preparation of structurally unmodified, tritiated peptides. Catalytic tritiation of Thr-Dah-Pro-Arg and of Thr-Dah-Pro has afforded the radioactive tetra- and tripeptides with specific activities of 11.4 Ci/mmol and 37 Ci/mmol, respectively. PMID- 6548205 TI - Hemoglobin A2 Fitzroy delta 142 Ala----Asp: a new delta-chain variant. AB - HbA2 Fitzroy is a new delta-chain variant with the amino acid substitution delta 142 (H2O) Ala----Asp. This variant was detected solely due to its abnormal electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 6548206 TI - Hemoglobin GuiZhou or alpha 277(EF6)Pro----Arg beta 2, a new slow-moving hemoglobin variant observed in China. PMID- 6548207 TI - A new fast-moving hemoglobin variant, Hb J-Tashikuergan alpha 19(AB1) Ala----Glu. PMID- 6548208 TI - Wheat-germ agglutinin binding in four types of mouse peritoneal macrophage. A quantitative EM-cytochemical study. AB - After stimulation of the mouse peritoneal cavity with newborn calf serum (NBCS), four types of monocyte and macrophage were distinguished on the basis of peroxidase (PO) patterns. These cell types showed heterogeneity in their binding of the lectin wheat-germ agglutinin (WGA). At 16 h after stimulation, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (with PO activity in granules) had a high level of WGA binding; PO-negative macrophages showed moderate WGA binding, and resident macrophages (with PO activity in the RER and nuclear envelope) had low WGA binding. At later time-points after stimulation, each of these cell types lost WGA binding sites. This decrease was related to a process of differentiation and to a modulation, affected by environmental factors. The present results also indicated that PO-negative macrophages can give rise to resident macrophages. Whether these PO-negative cells are monocyte derived or originate otherwise needs further investigation. The fourth type of macrophage, the exudate-resident cell (with PO activity both in granules and in the RER and nuclear envelope), with a WGA binding pattern similar to that of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, was considered not to be a resident precursor cell. PMID- 6548210 TI - Preliminary evaluation of isocyanate-generating nitroheterocycles as chemosensitizers, radiosensitizers and hypoxic cell cytotoxic agents. AB - Nitro-compounds containing an acetylated acetohydroxamic acid side chain in the N 1 position of a 5-membered ring nitrogen heterocycle have been synthesized. These compounds, which can generate isocyanates via a Lossen rearrangement, were evaluated in order to test the hypothesis that they may be effective radiation and chemosensitizing agents by nature of their isocyanate-associated carbamoylating potential. Evaluation of one such compound, DJW-77 (1(O-Acetyl Acetohydroxamic acid)-3-nitropyrazole) as a radiation sensitizer, chemosensitizer and hypoxic cell toxin is reported. In vitro DJW-77 demonstrates a potent selective cytotoxicity toward hypoxic EMT-6 tumor cells, is an effective potentiator of CCNU toxicity and is comparable to MISO with respect to its radiation-sensitizing potential. The activity of the drug is eliminated under aerobic conditions. To test the hypothesis that the activity of DJW-77 is related to isocyanate generation, the non-acetylated analog of DJW-77 (which does not directly undergo the Lossen rearrangement) and the parent 3-nitropyrazole ring structure were evaluated. Neither compound enhanced CCNU toxicity, and on an equimolar basis were inferior to DJW-77 as radiation sensitizers. While the non acetylated analog was cytotoxic to hypoxic cells, relative to DJW-77 this activity was substantially reduced. These studies indicate that the addition of a side chain capable of generating an isocyanate can enhance the cytotoxicity and sensitizing activity of nitroheterocycles. PMID- 6548209 TI - Different effects of hypercalcemic state induced by Walker tumor (HWCS 256) and 1,25 (OH)D3 intoxication on rat thyroid C cells. An ultrastructural, immunocytochemical, and biochemical study. AB - Two different models of chronic C cell stimulation by the hypercalcemic state were compared with respect to their morphology, immunocytochemistry, and biochemistry. In the chronic hypercalcemic state due to the HWCS 256 strain of the Walker tumor C cells show signs of degeneration such as vacuolation, on day 7 after tumor implantation. On day 10 tumor induced hypercalcemia leads to irreversible cell damage with karyopyknosis and karyorrhexis. These morphological changes are accompanied by a decline in radioimmunologically measurable calcitonin content of the thyroid and by the loss of response to acute stimulation of C cells. In contrast, in the hypercalcemic state due to 1,25(OH)2D3 intoxication we find an almost complete degranulation of C cells but no signs of degeneration or cell damage, although the thyroid calcitonin content and the calcitonin secretion capacity is greatly reduced. Tumor induced cachexia as a reason for C cell damage in tumor bearing rats could be excluded. Other possible reasons, such as acute overstimulation and tumor factors acting directly on C cells are discussed. PMID- 6548211 TI - RSU 1069, a 2-nitroimidazole containing an alkylating group: high efficiency as a radio- and chemosensitizer in vitro and in vivo. AB - Electron affinity as measured by the one-electron reduction potentian, E7(1), is the major factor influencing radiosensitizing efficiency in vitro. RSU 1069 has an electron affinity (E7(1) = 398 mV) similar to misonidazole; however, the ability of this compound to sensitize hypoxic cells is considerably greater in vitro than that of misonidazole, e.g., 0.2 mM RSU 1069 gives an enhancement ratio of greater than 2.0 compared to 1.4 for the same concentration of misonidazole. Radiosensitization studies with the MT tumor in vivo also showed RSU 1069 to be a more efficient sensitizer than misonidazole. An administered dose of 0.08 mg/g RSU 1069 yielded an enhancement of 1.8 to 1.9 using tumor cell survival and tumor cure as end-points. At least a 10-fold higher dose of misonidazole is required for a similar degree of sensitization. Low doses of RSU 1069 also radiosensitize the Lewis lung and B16 experimental tumors. The ability of RSU 1069 to potentiate the cytotoxic action of melphalan and other cytotoxic drugs towards the MT tumor was also examined. RSU 1069 (0.08 mg/g) given to mice 1 hour before melphalan gave an enhancement of 2.8. PMID- 6548212 TI - Potentiation of melphalan activity in the KHT sarcoma by the radiosensitizer RSU 1069. AB - The radiation sensitizer misonidazole (MISO) has been shown to potentiate the cytotoxic action of a variety of anti-cancer agents. Even larger enhancement ratios than those observed with MISO have been found with certain other nitroimidazoles. One agent reported to be particularly effective in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent melphalan is the sensitizer RSU 1069. The present studies therefore were designed to evaluate the effect of combining these two agents in the treatment of intramuscularly growing KHT sarcomas. Tumor response was assessed using an in vivo to in vitro clonogenic cell survival assay. When given at times ranging from 60 min before to 30 min after melphalan exposure, RSU 1069 was found to increase the tumoricidal activity of the chemotherapeutic agent. Complete dose response curves combining RSU 1069 and a range of melphalan doses then were determined. For comparison the effects of combining MISO or benznidazole (BENZO) with melphalan also were evaluated. All sensitizers were administered i.p. either 30 min before (BENZO) or simultaneously with (MISO, RSU 1069) the chemotherapeutic agent. Survival of clonogenic tumor cells assessed 22 to 24 hr after treatment was used to assay tumor response. When combined with melphalan, doses of RSU 1069 (0.38 mmol/kg), BENZO (0.3 mmol/kg) and MISO (5.0 mmol/kg) were found to yield dose modifying factors of 1.6, 1.5, and 1.4, respectively. These results indicate that potentiation of melphalan activity occurs at RSU 1069 doses which are approximately 10-fold lower than those of MISO, making this sensitizer as effective a potentiator of melphalan as so far tested in the KHT sarcoma. PMID- 6548213 TI - Personal computer word processing for veterinary article writing: selecting a suitable word processing program. AB - Word processing makes the writing and altering of scientific articles faster, easier, and more accurate. Personal computers that are ideally suited to this use are now available. The major problem affecting the veterinarian who wishes to purchase a personal computer word processing system, is that of spending the time to acquire sufficient information in order to choose the computer and the programs that will be appropriate to his or her requirements. These will include the specialized word processing demands of scientific article writing and many other applications, as applicable. Despite this obstacle, the acquisition of a personal computer and a suitable word processing program, soon results in time saving. The use of the computer for many other tasks logically follows. An additional benefit is the understanding of computers, their abilities and their limitations--a decided benefit in the 1980s. PMID- 6548214 TI - Measurement of spatial stability of spark position in burst-mode breakdown with the Nd:YAG laser. AB - Measurements to determine the precise position of the spark produced by optical breakdown in ocular media with a repetitive sequence of pulses from a Nd:YAG laser have been made. The results show that the location of the spark along the beam axis remains fixed within +/- 10 micrometers (the resolution of the experiment) for pulses with a time separation of 20 milliseconds, indicating that the surgical effects of a sequence of pulses can be cumulative. PMID- 6548216 TI - YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. PMID- 6548215 TI - Computer-generated admitting orders. PMID- 6548217 TI - New applications of the Nd:YAG laser. PMID- 6548218 TI - Two new trichothecenes, PD 113,325 and PD 113,326. AB - Two new trichothecenes, PD 113,325 and PD 113,326, were isolated and their structures were shown to be 12'-hydroxy-2'-(E)-verrucarin J (1a) and a stereoisomer of satratoxin H (3). PMID- 6548219 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of 3'-deamino-3'-hydroxydoxorubicin. A facile procedure for the preparation of doxorubicin analogs. AB - Two successful routes have been developed for preparation of 3'-deamino-3' hydroxydoxorubicin (11), based on protection of the 14-hydroxyl group of the aglycon by using tert-butylchlorodimethylsilane. The key intermediate, 14-O-tert butyldimethylsilyl-7-O-(3,4-di-O-acetyl-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-ly xo hexopyranosyl)adriamycinone (9), was successively deacetylated and desilylated in high yield to give the desired product 11. This route constitutes a general method of access to glycon-modified doxorubicin analogs. Compound 11 showed high antitumor activity in vivo in the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia assay. PMID- 6548220 TI - Microbial degradation of validamycin A by Flavobacterium saccharophilum. Enzymatic cleavage of C-N linkage in validoxylamine A. AB - The enzymatic cleavage of C-N linkage in the degradation of validamycin A by Flavobacterium saccharophilum was examined using N-p-nitrophenyl derivatives of validamine and valienamine as synthetic model substrates for validoxylamine A. Incubation of N-p-nitrophenylvalidamine with the membrane fraction from the organism led to formation of N-p-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalidamine, and succeeding cleavage of C-N linkage. As the products of the cleavage step, one was identified as p-nitroaniline and another keto compound could not be purified enough because of its instability. However, on the basis of its hydrogenation products, the structure of the keto compound could be established as 5D-(5/6)-5-C-(hydroxy methyl)-2,6-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one. The same experiment was carried out with N-p-nitrophenylvalienamine. In this case, N-p-nitrophenyl-3-ketovalienamine could be isolated as an intermediate but the desired keto compound from the cleavage step could not be isolated because of its instability. The participation of two enzymes, that is, a dehydrogenase and a C-N lyase on the cleavage of C-N linkage was assured, and moreover, the analysis of its products, together with those of the previous studies allow us to propose a degradation pathway of validamycin A by Flavobacterium saccharophilum. PMID- 6548221 TI - A51568A: N-demethylvancomycin. PMID- 6548222 TI - Chemical modification of oxanosine. I. Synthesis and biological properties of 2' deoxyoxanosine. PMID- 6548224 TI - An acellular human amnionic membrane model for in vitro culture of type II pneumocytes: the role of the basement membrane in cell morphology and function. AB - To determine whether a preformed basement membrane contributes to the maintenance of morphology and function of type II pneumocytes, we cultured isolated adult rat type II pneumocytes on the basement membrane and stromal surfaces of an acellular human amnionic membrane and on plastic. The presence of lamellar bodies on transmission electron microscopy and epithelial morphology in culture and a characteristic phospholipid profile after incubation with 3H-acetate identified the cells as type II. When type II cells were cultured on a preexisting basement membrane, they formed a well-organized monolayer with polarity, centrally located surface microvilli, and more basally located nuclei. Individual cells maintained a cuboidal morphology for 8-10 days. Intracellularly, there were numerous mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lamellar bodies. The cells secreted a new basal lamina of their own. When cultured on the stromal side of the amnion, the cells became flattened within 48-60 hours, formed small lamellar bodies, and had scanty surface microvilli; they formed clumps and appeared less ordered. These cells did not secrete a visible basement membrane, and the majority detached from the stromal surface after 7-8 days in culture. In addition, culture on the basement membrane aspect of the amnion prevented the rapid decline in the percentage of 3H-acetate label incorporated in phosphatidylcholine after 72 hours of culture. We conclude that a preformed basement membrane influences the function and morphology of type II pneumocytes, organizes them into a monolayer in culture, and influences deposition of a visible basal lamina. Thus, the acellular human amnion provides an excellent model for the systematic study of basement membrane influence on the biology and pathology of these cells. PMID- 6548223 TI - Endosomes and Golgi vesicles in adsorptive and fluid phase endocytosis. AB - We studied with morphometric methods the endocytosis by pheochromocytoma cells of a conjugate of wheat germ agglutinin with ferritin (WGA-Ft) and of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Quantitative studies indicated that WGA-Ft was cleared slowly from cell surfaces and that it was not recycled to the surface. Cells labeled with WGA-Ft for 15 min at room temperature were washed and incubated in medium containing HRP for 15 or 30 min at 37 degrees C. The greatest proportion of labeled vesicles and tubules contained only WGA-Ft (83.4% at 15 min and 85.3% at 30 min). A very small fraction of labeled vesicles and tubules contained only HRP (0.2% at 15 min and 0.9% at 30 min). Vesicles and tubules at the Golgi apparatus were labeled almost exclusively with WGA-Ft (97% at 15 min and 30 min); the rest had both labels. Most labeled lysosomes contained both labels (80.1% at 15 min and 80.8% at 30 min). Of the remainder more contained WGA-Ft alone (20% at 15 min and 10.9% at 30 min), then HRP alone (none at 15 min and 8.2% at 30 min). In contrast to the various and varying patterns of labeling with WGA-Ft and HRP of the other organelles studied, the vast majority of endosomes contained both markers (94.1% at 15 min and 100% at 30 min); the rest contained WGA-Ft only. These results demonstrate that endosomes are recipients of both fluid phase and adsorptive endocytosis markers; these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that endosomes mediate the sorting out and subsequent intracellular traffic of membrane bound and fluid phase markers. Cisterns of the Golgi apparatus did not contain WGA-Ft; in sharp contrast, when WGA-HRP was used, the cisterns of the Golgi apparatus consistently contained HRP. PMID- 6548225 TI - Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against human thyroid cells in Hashimoto's thyroiditis but not Graves' disease. AB - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human thyroid cell targets was measured in a chromium release assay, using serum from patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The source of effector cells was peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal subjects. Mean (+/- SD) specific lysis produced by serum from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis was 27.3 +/- 6.1%, compared to 10.6 +/- 4.7% produced by serum from normal subjects and 13.3 +/- 10% using serum from patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. Cytotoxicity using serum from hyperthyroid patients was not different after treatment. Thyroid cell targets from histologically different thyroid cell preparations (Graves' disease, multinodular goiter, normal thyroid) were equally sensitive to killing, although cells from a benign thyroid adenoma were much less sensitive. A strong positive correlation was found between percent specific lysis and titers of serum microsomal antibody. By addition of patients' immunoglobulin to normal serum, we found that microsomal antibodies were responsible for the cytotoxic effect, whereas thyroglobulin antibodies did not mediate cytotoxicity. These results demonstrate that ADCC plays an important role in the thyroid cell destruction of chronic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis. Although cytotoxic activity was associated with the antimicrosomal-, but not antithyroglobulin-, positive immunoglobulin G fraction, it is not clear whether the microsomal antibody itself, or an unidentified antibody occurring in the same antibody fraction, is the mediator of cytotoxicity in this disorder. PMID- 6548226 TI - Short and long term effects of radioiodine treatment on the iodine content of the thyroid gland. AB - Thyroid iodine content (TIC) was measured in nine patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease for 5-26 months after treatment with 131I (100-125 muCi/g tissue). In all patients, TIC decreased; in eight patients it became undetectable within 5 +/- 3 (SD) months. This fall was parallel to those of serum T3 and T4 levels and was not prevented by the administration of large doses of stable iodine. In four patients, this decrease was irreversible and they became clinically hypothyroid. In the five other patients, it was partly reversible: the secondary increase of TIC was parallel to those of serum T3 and T4 and to a decrease in TSH levels. These data suggest that during the months after 131I treatment, determination of TIC may help to distinguish transient from irreversible hypothyroidism. The late effects of 131I were studied in 38 patients who had been treated for hyperthyroid Graves' disease from 1.5-22 yr previously. The 16 patients who, at the time of examination, were euthyroid with normal serum TSH levels (less than 8 microU/ml) had a TIC [3.2 +/- 3 (SD) mg] significantly lower than that of 10 euthyroid patients previously treated only with antithyroid drug therapy (16.7 +/- 8.2 mg). A significant negative correlation was found between log basal TSH and log TIC (r = 0.61, P less than 0.001) and a positive correlation between log T4 and log TIC (r = 0.56, P less than 0.002). The T3/T4 ratio in patients with undetectable TIC (19.9 +/- 7.9) was higher than that of the other patients (14.6 +/- 3.2) (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). This hormonal profile was not modified by iodide supplementation, which increased TIC only transiently. The turnover of thyroid iodine was accelerated, which appeared to be the consequence of a small thyroid functional mass and of hyperstimulation by TSH. PMID- 6548227 TI - Evidence for a defect in vitamin D metabolism in a patient with incomplete Fanconi syndrome. AB - A patient with incomplete Fanconi syndrome (no metabolic acidosis) presented with muscle weakness and biochemical and radiographic evidence of osteomalacia. Despite hypophosphatemia and increased PTH levels, circulating concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were inappropriately low. Treatment with the vitamin D metabolite and hydrochlorothiazide was attended by enhanced calcium and phosphorus balance. Impaired vitamin D metabolism may play a role in the pathogenesis of osteomalacia in the Fanconi syndrome. PMID- 6548229 TI - ELIZA as a "therapeutic" tool. AB - Allowed 70 undergraduate students to interact for 44 minutes with ELIZA--a computer simulation of psychotherapy. Their responses during the first and second halves of the session were compared, and several differences were found. Removing the effect of the simple volume of responses (using the analysis of covariance) did not change the significance of many of the differences. PMID- 6548228 TI - Characterization of the extracellular bactericidal factors of rat alveolar lining material. AB - The surfactant fraction (55,000-g pellet) of leukocyte-free rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contains factors that rapidly kill and lyse pneumococci. These factors were purified and identified biochemically by using a quantitative bactericidal test to monitor fractionation procedures. 91% of the antipneumococcal activity of rat surfactant was recovered in chloroform after extraction of rat surfactant with chloroform-methanol (Bligh-Dyer procedure). After chromatography on silicic acid with chloroform, acetone, and methanol, all detectable antibacterial activity (approximately 80% of the initial activity) eluted with the neutral lipids in chloroform. When rechromatographed on silicic acid with hexane, hexane-chloroform, and chloroform, the antibacterial activity eluted with FFA. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) established that the antibacterial activity was confined to the FFA fraction. Gas-liquid chromatography showed that the fatty acid fraction contained a mixture of long chain FFA (C12 to C22) of which 66.7% were saturated and 32.4% were unsaturated. The quantity of TLC-purified FFA needed to kill 50% of 10(8) pneumococci under standardized conditions (one bactericidal unit) was 10.6 +/- 0.5 micrograms. Purified FFA acted as detergents, causing release of [3H]choline from pneumococcal cell walls and increased bacterial cell membrane permeability, evidenced by rapid unloading of 3-O-[3H]methyl-D-glucose. FFA acting as detergents appear to account for the bactericidal and bacteriolytic activity of rat pulmonary surfactant for pneumococci. PMID- 6548230 TI - Partial characterization of lectin binding sites of retinal photoreceptor outer segments and interphotoreceptor matrix. AB - We have used cytochemistry together with exoglycosidase digestion and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to partially characterize lectin binding sites of the interphotoreceptor matrix and of photoreceptor outer segments. In order to obtain uniform access of reagents to all regions of the preparation, we have used a procedure in which plastic sections are etched with sodium ethoxide prior to cytochemical analysis. Neuraminidase pretreatment of plastic-embedded sections of Xenopus laevis eyecups leads to a loss of wheat germ agglutinin binding and a concomitant appearance of Ricinus communis agglutinin binding to the interphotoreceptor matrix. In contrast, wheat germ agglutinin binding to the outer segments is not altered by the neuraminidase pretreatment. These results suggest that wheat germ agglutinin binding sites of interphotoreceptor matrix are sialoglyconjugates and that outer segment binding sites are not sialoglycoconjugates. Enzyme digestions followed by lectin cytochemistry of matrix polypeptides separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis do not identify a likely candidate to give rise to the cytochemical staining patterns. Lectin cytochemistry of retinas from which the interphotoreceptor matrix has been extracted do not show a loss of wheat germ agglutinin binding sites to the matrix. These results suggest that the major wheat germ agglutinin binding sites in the interphotoreceptor matrix are to as yet unidentified sialoglycoconjugates. PMID- 6548231 TI - Genital warts and sexual abuse in children. American Academy of Dermatology Task Force on Pediatric Dermatology. AB - Genital warts in children indicate the possibility of sexual abuse. If sexual child abuse is recognized or suspected, then the law in all states requires that the physician report this to the appropriate authority. The dermatologist may be the first person to suspect the problem and can be of great help in protecting the child from future harm. PMID- 6548232 TI - Dye marked antibiotics for lactating cow mastitis therapy. AB - Dye markings of intramammary antibiotic infusions could give a dairy farmer immediate visual warning that milk contains antibiotic residue. Six dye and antibiotic preparations for lactating cows were studied for rates of dye and antibiotic milk-out. Albacillin containing 1 X 10(5) IU of penicillin plus 150 mg of novobiocin combined with 25, 125, or 250 mg of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Blue No. 1 or No. 2 per infusion was used. Thirty cows with healthy udders producing 13.6 to 22.7 kg milk per day were treated in all quarters twice in 24 h (0500 and 1500 h). Milk samples from 14 posttreatment twice per day milkings (0500 and 1500 h) were tested for dye and antibiotic residue. Dye content was determined by a visual method and subvisually by an ion exchange resin method. No antibiotic residues were found by the cylinder plate method after the second to fourth posttreatment milkings. Antibiotic residue was detected up to the sixth milking by Delvotest-P. Depending on the dye type and its concentration, milk was visibly blue for one to four milkings. Subvisual quantities for dye were detectable by the ion exchange resin method for three to five milkings. The preparation showing the most promise for farm use contained 250 mg Blue No. 1 per infusion. Milk from cows treated with this preparation contained visually and subvisually detectable dye through three or four and five milkings, respectively. The dye persistence exceeded or coincided with the maximum antibiotic persistence in nearly all cows treated regardless of dye formulation or method of antibiotic detection. PMID- 6548233 TI - [Kinetic study of nitrofuran reduction by xanthine oxidase]. PMID- 6548234 TI - Fetal breathing movements and lung maturation in the congenitally abnormal human fetus. AB - Fetal breathing movements have been studied in conjunction with features of anatomical and biochemical development of the lung at birth in fetuses with congenital abnormalities affecting the respiratory system. Total absence of fetal breathing movements or abnormal fetal breathing movements were associated with lung hypoplasia and failure of normal surfactant release into saline extracts of lung fluid. Surfactant synthesis was demonstrated regardless of the presence or absence of fetal breathing movements. The study supports the hypothesis that normal fetal breathing movements are important for fetal lung development and suggests that surfactant synthesis and its release are independent. The latter process may be dependent upon fetal breathing movements while the former is not. PMID- 6548235 TI - Inheritance of UMP synthase in dairy cattle. AB - The inheritance of uridine-5'-monophosphate (UMP) synthase in dairy cattle was consistent with a two-allele, single-autosomal-locus model. Two phenotypes were associated with different levels of the enzyme in bovine erythrocytes. The predominant phenotype (assumed normal) had twice the concentration of UMP synthase as the second phenotype (deficient). A one-to-one correspondence between enzyme level and genotype identified one homozygote as normal, the heterozygote as deficient, and the other homozygote as unobserved. Three alternative hypotheses were rejected. The deficiency as homozygous recessive was rejected because 20 matings between assumed normal males and deficient females resulted in 10 normal and 10 deficient offspring. The hypothesis that the deficiency was homozygous dominant was rejected because the 95 percent confidence interval about the observed gene frequency, 0.0024 to 0.0146, did not contain the estimated gene frequency for equilibrium between an average 10(-5) mutation rate and selection against the deficiency as homozygous dominant. Analyses of female relatives implicated one bull as deficient (96 percent probability), as he had, independently, 2 deficient daughters, 5 deficient granddaughters from untested dams, and 3 deficient great-granddaughters from untested ancestors. The hypothesis that the deficiency was sex-linked was rejected because 3 of 9 tested sons of the putative deficient bull were deficient. Calf mortality is expected in 25 percent of matings between deficient animals. PMID- 6548236 TI - Histochemical evaluation of glycosaminoglycan deposition in the skin. AB - Histologic demonstration of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition in the skin has been based on the use of either colloidal iron or alcian blue. To define the best technique for the determination of skin GAG content we undertook a prospective study comparing the two stains and evaluating the use of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) to enhance fixation. Slides were prepared from skin biopsies obtained from five patients with cutaneous mucinoses. The preparations were coded and examined by three observers. Colloidal iron staining gave a higher intensity for GAG deposits in papillary and reticular dermis. Digestion by specific enzymes identified similar GAGs with either colloidal iron, or alcian blue; however, colloidal iron made GAGs more obvious, partly due to the contrast afforded by the yellow background stain. The addition of CPC to the fixative appreciably enhanced GAG fixation without interfering with the action of enzymes. Experimentally, we confirmed this effect of CPC by determining a pronounced decrease in GAG leakage into the fixative from CPC treated human umbilical cord. We conclude that the combination of CPC fixation and colloidal iron staining gives the best definition of skin GAGs in clinical specimens. PMID- 6548237 TI - "Leprosy in India" becomes "Indian Journal of Leprosy". PMID- 6548238 TI - Multi-drug therapy in leprosy: an effective method of control. AB - The steady increase in the prevalence of dapsone-resistant strains of leprosy threatens to undermine all the advances thus made for the control of this disease. Adoption of multidrug therapy, which can reverse this trend, is urgent. PMID- 6548239 TI - Sixth programme report of the UNDP/World Bank/WHO special programme for research and training in tropical disease. PMID- 6548241 TI - A study about the billboards on leprosy displayed in the Pallavan Transport Corporation buses at Madras City. PMID- 6548240 TI - Leprosy work in Sangal Pargana disrict of Bihar. PMID- 6548242 TI - Immunological studies in leprosy--II: Study of lymphoblast transformation to PHA in different types of leprosy patients. AB - Ninety cases of different types of leprosy were studied for lymphoblast transformation response using PHA-M. The difference of percentage was statistically analysed and found to be highly significant when total leprosy cases were compared with control cases and with different types of leprosy cases (P = less than .005), except control and TT where it was significant only (P = less than .05). The difference between TT and other types was also calculated and has been observed to be highly significant (P = less than .005). There was gradual decrease in lymphoblast transformation percentage from tuberculoid pole to lepromatous pole. PMID- 6548243 TI - Repositioning of pupil for visual disability. AB - The authors have successfully utilised the technique of photocoagulation of iris in 35 cases for improving the visual acuity in cases suffering from ocular leprosy. The photocoagulation was considered to be very useful in cases with corneal scars, highly vascularised adherent leukomas, where keratoplasty stands a poor risk. It has also been recommended for cases with pinpoint pupil not dilating with drugs for diagnostic and prognostic value. PMID- 6548244 TI - Experience with two drug regimen in paucibacillary leprosy--preliminary report. PMID- 6548245 TI - Lepromin-H versus lepromin-A. PMID- 6548246 TI - Evaluation of multidrug therapy with rifampicin, clofazimine and D.D.S. in multibacillary leprosy cases. AB - Rifampicin, Clofazimine and D.D.S. have been tried in fifteen active untreated lepromatous cases for a period of two years. Compared to dapsone monotherapy remarkable clinical and bacteriological improvement was observed with this combined therapy with attainment of negative BI in ten cases. Use of this combination therapy is thus advocated to achieve noninfectivity in a shorter period and to prevent emergence of dapsone resistance thereby causing the path of leprosy control before it becomes unmanageable due to dapsone resistance. PMID- 6548247 TI - Identification of 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 xi, 25 xi,26-hexol and partial characterization of the bile alcohol profile in urine. AB - The nature of the bile alcohols present in urine of an infant with neonatal cholestasis has been investigated. Urine was extracted with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges and a glucuronide fraction was isolated by ion exchange chromatography on Lipidex-DEAP. Following enzymatic hydrolysis and purification on Lipidex-DEAP, the bile alcohols were isolated by high performance liquid chromatography. Fourteen compounds were studied by a combination of microchemical reactions and capillary column gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both C26 and C27 bile alcohols were present. Among the former, three additional isomers of the previously identified 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 xi,25 xi-pentol were detected. A new C26 bile alcohol, 27-nor-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 xi,25 xi,26 -hexol, was identified, and a 27 norcholestane-pentolone with hydroxyl groups at C-24 and C-25 and a keto group in the ring system was partially characterized. The C27 bile alcohols consisted of cholestanepentols, -tetrolones, and -pentolones. 5 beta-Cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25,26-pentol (5 beta-bufol), one of its isomers and an isomer of cholestane-3,7,12,24,26-pentol were present. Two cholestanetetrolones and two cholestanepentolones having the keto group in the ring system were partially characterized. The hydroxyl groups in the side chain of the tetrolones were at C 24,26 and C-25,26, respectively, whereas the pentolones had hydroxyl groups at C 24,25 and C-25,26, respectively. The excretion of glucuronidated bile alcohols in urine is suggested to reflect an alternative metabolism of intermediates in the normal biosynthesis of bile acids. PMID- 6548248 TI - Bugs, drugs, and computers. AB - The paper describes the development, implementation, and review of a daily reporting system using data from two modules of a hospital information system: drug sensitivity reports from Microbiology, and patient drug profiles from Pharmacy. The system reviews each patient receiving antibiotics and compares that information with the patient's microbiology findings, looking for and flagging "no cultures," "negative cultures," and "mismatches," i.e., the patient is receiving an antibiotic to which the organism is resistant. Reports are produced daily and reviewed by the hospital's Infection Control nurse, who, in turn, notifies the attending physician when appropriate. PMID- 6548249 TI - HT-ATTENDING. Critiquing the pharmacologic management of essential hypertension. AB - HT-ATTENDING is a computer system being developed to critique a physician's approach to the pharmacologic management of essential hypertension. The concept of having a computer critique a physician's plan of management (Medical Plan Analysis) has already been implemented in ATTENDING, a system whose domain is anesthesia management. HT-ATTENDING extends this approach to a new medical domain. HT-ATTENDING's goal is (1) to assist a physician in formulating his approach to the hypertensive patient, (2) to help him avoid inadvertent management errors, (3) to introduce him to relevant new agents and modalities, and (4) to mention topical issues concerning hypertension management, all in the context of daily patient care. PMID- 6548250 TI - Efficacy of a real-time digital disk in the digital lightbox. AB - This paper describes a high-speed digital lightbox. The current status of film in the medical imaging department sets the stage for this next generation of image display/management systems. Digital imaging devices are proliferating because of their diagnostic speed and accuracy, and their ease of use. However, the resultant images are usually prepared by a technician, transmitted to film, then mounted on a lightbox to be eventually reviewed by the physician. Until recently, the shortcomings of a film display system could be overlooked in favor of its data-acquisition and archiving advantages. With recent developments in real-time disks and high-resolution display systems, it is now possible to improve upon the physician's display with a digital lightbox. A unique Multimodality Acquisition and Review System (MARS) is described that will support this new digital lightbox with performance features that meet or exceed the characteristic use of film in today's medical imaging departments. PMID- 6548251 TI - Effect of dehydration, haemorrhage and oviposition on serum concentrations of vasotocin, mesotocin and prolactin in the chicken. AB - Serum concentrations of arginine vasotocin (AVT), mesotocin and prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay in Rhode Island Red chickens during and after dehydration, haemorrhage and oviposition. During dehydration increased circulating levels of AVT, mesotocin and prolactin were found. As water deprivation proceeded, marked differences were observed. After an initial rise in serum AVT, mesotocin and prolactin levels during mild and moderate dehydration, concentrations of both AVT and prolactin tended to normalize during continued water deprivation, while those of mesotocin remained high throughout the whole dehydration experiment with the highest at the end of the water-deprivation period. Removal of 5 ml blood at intervals of 10 min during six consecutive time periods did not affect serum osmolality and circulating levels of AVT and prolactin, but slightly increased mesotocin. These results suggest an osmoregulatory role for AVT and prolactin, whereas mesotocin may be involved in volume control. Finally, 1 min after oviposition, control values of 19.5 +/- 3.4 pmol AVT/1 (n = 9) were raised more than sevenfold to 142.9 +/- 12.5 pmol/l (n = 11). Thereafter, a decline occurred with a half-life for AVT of 13 min with raised serum levels up to 31 min after oviposition. In contrast, the serum concentrations of mesotocin and prolactin remained unaffected by oviposition. PMID- 6548252 TI - Prothrombin fragment 1-membrane interactions: a calcium-43 NMR study. AB - The 43Ca NMR spectra are reported for solutions of prothrombin fragment 1 in the presence and absence of phospholipid. The calcium NMR spectrum permits distinction between three thermodynamic classes of calcium-binding interactions. The calcium ion in the lipid-free solutions was labile, with maximum residence times estimated for the average protein site in the range of 0.5-1 ms. The calcium spectrum was sensitive to the protein association and the addition of phospholipid, which appears to sharpen the calcium specificity for the protein sites. The calcium NMR spectra in the presence of phospholipid are similar to those in lipid-free solutions, which suggests that the calcium ion remains labile in the lipid-protein complex. PMID- 6548253 TI - Constituents of Helenium amarum, IV. Desacetyl-1-epiisotenulin. PMID- 6548254 TI - A terpenehydroquinone from the marine ascidian Aplidium constellatum. PMID- 6548255 TI - Comparative immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis of pancreatic polypeptide-like peptides with special reference to presence of neuropeptide Y in central and peripheral neurons. AB - Antisera raised against porcine neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) were characterized with regard to immunohistochemical staining, cross-reactivity to several pancreatic polypeptide (PP)-related peptides, and radioimmunoassayable tissue levels in the rat and pig. The NPY antiserum (102B) reacted with nerves in many areas of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, but it did not stain endocrine cells of the pancreas or intestine. No evidence for any cross reactivity of the NPY antiserum with related peptides of the PP family, such as avian PP, bovine PP, PYY, gamma-MSH, FMRF-amide, or avian PP (31-36), was obtained. The NPY antiserum was N-terminally directed, and regional levels of NPY as seen by radioimmunoassay paralleled well the occurrence of NPY-immunoreactive structures seen in the immunohistochemical study. High pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the NPY-immunoreactive material from cerebral cortex and vas deferens had elution profiles similar to those of standard porcine NPY. The PYY antiserum mainly stained endocrine cells in the pancreas and intestine as well as a small neuron system in the brainstem of the rat. Although this antiserum had a slight cross-reactivity to NPY in radioimmunoassay, the neuronal PYY staining was separate from that of NPY. High levels of PYY were found in the intestine, and levels above the threshold were also seen in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat. The other antisera investigated (raised against avian PP, bovine PP, gamma-MSH, and FMRF-amide) caused neuronal staining that was abolished by preabsorption with NPY. This was also seen even if no detectable cross-reactivity with NPY was found in radioimmunoassay. These latter antisera also stained endocrine cells in the pancreas and intestine with complex cross-reactivity relationships, suggesting the presence of intestinal PP like peptides in addition to PYY and NPY. PMID- 6548256 TI - Technetium-99m-labeled p-aminohippuric acid analog: a new renal agent: concise communication. AB - A renal agent labeled with Tc-99m and quantitatively secreted by the tubules has been sought for many years. To meet this need, a PAH analog (PAHIDA), has been synthesized by the coupling of p-aminohippuric acid with nitrilotriacetic acid anhydride, using Sn(II) reduction. This yields a stable complex with Tc-99m at a pH of 5.8. The purity and stability of the Tc-99m complex have been established by ITLC and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Urinary excretions of the Tc-99m PAHIDA and I-131 hippurate, determined in mice and rats at different time intervals, are similar. The new compound is clearly excreted but its total clearance is lower than that of hippurate as a result of high protein binding. Rat urine analysis by ITLC and HPLC suggests that the agent excreted is similar to the complex administered to the animals. The Tc-99m-labeled agent is rapidly excreted in urine with no significant extrarenal pathway, thus providing excellent renal scintigrams in a rabbit model. The Tc-99m PAHIDA contains the R CO-NH-CH2-COOH grouping, analogous to that in hippurate, and consequently may provide the substrate specificity for renal excretion of this new class of agents labeled with technetium-99m. PMID- 6548257 TI - Radioiodinated ligands for the estrogen receptor: effect of 3-o-methylation on tissue distribution. AB - The 3-o-methyl ethers of 17 alpha-[125I]iodovinylestradiol and 17 alpha [125I]iodovinyl-11 beta-methoxyestradiol were prepared in 95% and 89% isolated yields, respectively, at the no-carrier-added level from the corresponding (tri-n butystannyl)-vinyl intermediates. The new radioligands were evaluated in immature female rats to determine their uptake in, and selectivity for, estrogen-receptor containing tissues. At 0.5-6 hr after administration, both agents showed preferential uptake and retention by the target tissue. The values for the 11 beta-methoxy derivative, however, were significantly better than those of the 11 unsubstituted compound. Compared with the parent 3-hydroxy radioligands, the [125I]VE2-3-o-Me had lower uptake and target-to-blood ratios at all time periods, but by 6 hr the [125I]VME2-3-o-Me compound showed as high an uptake in the uterus and higher uterus-to-blood ratios. This may be related to metabolic cleavage of the 3-o-methyl group generating the parent compound, which is then sequestered by the target tissue. The results suggest that iodine-123-labeled VME2-3-o-Me would be a good candidate for in vivo gamma imaging of estrogen-containing tissues. PMID- 6548258 TI - Effect of age on poly- and monoglutamyl folacin absorption in human subjects. AB - Intestinal folacin absorption and mucosal conjugase activities were assessed in healthy male elderly (65-83 years) and young (20-29 years) human subjects. Luminal disappearance as measured simultaneously from the perfused jejunum of 3 mumol of both [3H]pteroylmonoglutamate [( 3H]PG-1) and pteroyl-[14C]glutamyl hexaglutamate [( 14C]PG-7) as well as the urinary recovery of each isotope and mucosal conjugase activities were compared. Luminal disappearance of either [3H]PG-1 or [14C]PG-7 was not different for the two age groups (P greater than 0.05). The average (mean +/- SD) disappearance of [3H]PG-1 was 63 +/- 12% in the elderly and 67 +/- 6% in the young groups. In contrast, the disappearance of [14C]PG-7 averaged 51 +/- 6% in the elderly and 48 +/- 3% in the young group. Urinary recovery (percent in 48 hours) was not different for either isotope when the two age groups were compared (P greater than 0.05). The urinary recovery of 3H averaged 60 +/- 21% in the elderly and 59 +/- 13% in the young in contrast to 35 +/- 22% and 35 +/- 7% for 14C recovery in the elderly and young groups, respectively. Folacin conjugase activities measured at pH 6.5 and at pH 4.5 were not different between the groups (P greater than 0.05). The findings indicate that intestinal absorption of folacin and activity of folacin conjugases are not affected by the aging process. PMID- 6548259 TI - Zinc supplementation in lactating women: evidence for mammary control of zinc secretion. PMID- 6548260 TI - Effect of TEI-4120 (3-benzoyl-N-beta-ethoxyisopropyl-2-methlindole) on carrageenan induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in rats. AB - In order to evaluate TEI-4120 (3-benzoyl-N-beta-ethoxyisopropyl-2-methylindole), as a possible therapheutic compound to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), DIC model in rats was induced by the treatment of lambda-carrageenan according to the method of Sugiyama et al. with minor modification. Two hours after intraperitoneal injection of lambda-carrageenan, plasma fibrinogen decreased and platelet count, prothrombin time, serial thrombin time and plasma TXB2 prolonged or increased. By use of this model, the activities of TEI-4120, new antithrombotic compound, was evaluated compared with three other compounds, aspirin, warfarin and heparin. As a result, TEI-4120 is effective in this model. Combination therapy of TEI-4120 and warfarin is more effective than single administration of TEI-4120. The effect of combination therapy of TEI-4120 and warfarin is consistent with that of heparin. The above result suggests that TEI 4120 seems to be a promising compound to the therapy of DIC. PMID- 6548261 TI - Absorption and bioavailability of calcium and magnesium salts of indomethacin from rectal suppositories. AB - In order to estimate the application to rectum of calcium and magnesium salts of indomethacin (IND), the suppositories of the salts and IND were prepared using macrogol and Witepsol H-15 bases. The rectal administration of these suppositories (Witepsol H-15) was compared with the oral administration of IND and the salts. The hardness, melting point, and liquefaction time of the suppositories were similar between IND and the salts. The in vitro release of IND Mg from the suppositories was significantly faster than that of IND, while the release of IND-Ca was slower. The area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) after IND suppositories was significantly higher than that after oral administration of IND (p less than 0.01). The AUC value after IND-Ca suppositories was slightly higher than those after other suppositories, although the plasma levels in early period after IND-Ca suppositories were lower, indicating the slow absorption of IND-Ca. The multiple treatment with IND-Ca suppositories gave no histological change of the rectal mucosa. Therefore, the present results suggested that IND-Ca was favourable for the rectal administration, in high doses and repeatedly. PMID- 6548262 TI - DNA sequences complementary to human 7 SK RNA show structural similarities to the short mobile elements of the mammalian genome. AB - A complementary DNA clone of 7 SK RNA from HeLa cells was used to study the genomic organization of 7 SK sequences in the human genome. Genomic hybridizations and genomic clones show that 7 SK is homologous to a family of disperse repeated sequences most of which lack the 3' end of the 7 SK RNA sequence. Only few of the genomic K sequences are homologous to both 3' and 5' 7 SK probes and presumably include the gene(s) for 7 SK RNA. The sequence of four genomic 7 SK clones confirms that they are in most cases pseudogenes. Although Alu sequences are frequently found near the 3' and 5' end of K DNA, the sequences immediately flanking the pseudogenes are different in all clones studied. However, direct repeats were found flanking directly the K DNA or the K-Alu unit, suggesting that the K sequences alone or in conjunction with Alu DNA might constitute a mobile element. PMID- 6548263 TI - Transformation pathways of liposomes. AB - Liposomes undergoing transformation were observed by dark-field light microscopy in order to study the role of lipid in morphogenesis of biological vesicular structures. Liposomes were found to transform sequentially in a well-defined manner through one of several transformation pathways. A circular biconcave form was an initial shape in all the pathways and it transformed into a stable thin flexible filament or small spheres via a variety of regularly shaped vesicles which possessed geometrical symmetry. The transformation was reversible up to a certain point in each pathway. Osmotic pressure was found to be the driving force for the transformations. Biological membrane vesicles such as trypsinized red cell ghosts also transformed by similar pathways. PMID- 6548264 TI - Solvent accessible surface area and excluded volume in proteins. Analytical equations for overlapping spheres and implications for the hydrophobic effect. AB - An analytical formula has been derived for the calculation of the solvent accessible surface area of a protein molecule or equivalently the surface area exterior to an arbitrary number of overlapping spheres. The directional derivative of this function with respect to atomic co-ordinates is provided to facilitate minimization procedures used with molecular docking algorithms and energy calculations. An analytical formula for the calculation of the volume enclosed within the accessible surface, the excluded volume, is also derived. Although the area function is not specific to the structures of proteins, the derivation was motivated by the need for a computationally feasible simulation of the hydrophobic effect in proteins. A computer program using the equations for area has been tested and has had limited application to the docking of protein alpha-helices. Possible relationships of the solvent excluded volume to hydrophobic interaction free energy and transfer free energy of solute molecules are derived from the statistical mechanics of solution. PMID- 6548265 TI - Structural comparison of the two distinct sugar binding sites in wheat germ agglutinin isolectin II. AB - The two unique sugar binding sites in wheat germ agglutinin, located in the subunit/subunit interface of the dimer molecule and termed primary and secondary binding sites, are compared in the light of the newly obtained chemical amino acid sequence and a high-resolution electron density map (1.8 A). Homology was found in the three amino acid residues directly involved in sugar binding: Tyr73II, Ser62II, Glu115I in the primary site, and Tyr159I, Ser148I, Asp29II in the secondary site (subscripts refer to promoters I and II). Thirteen corresponding side-chain atoms of these three homologous residues in the two sites could be superimposed with a root-mean-square difference of 1.39 A. The three sugar binding residues are located in subsite 1 of each extended binding location and contribute to binding of the terminal, non-reducing N-acetyl-D glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-neuraminic acid residues only, and they provide three hydrogen bonds for complex stabilization. Two hydrogen bonds are made with the carbonyl and amido portions of the N-acetyl group and the third with the C-3 OH group of the sugar ring. It is suggested that small differences in the sugar binding affinities at these two unique sites exist, due to the different numbers of van der Waals' interactions made at these sites, which contribute to stabilizing, for instance, the wheat germ agglutinin/N,N'-diacetyl-chitobiose complex. The single tryptophan residue is located at a distance of approximately 13 A from the primary site and is thought to have no affect on sugar binding. In addition, the disposition of the four saccharide binding sites of the dimer with respect to three local, pseudo 2-fold symmetry axes, relating domains of opposite protomers, is discussed. PMID- 6548266 TI - [Treatment of Hodgkin's disease including the staging laparotomy]. PMID- 6548267 TI - [Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction]. PMID- 6548268 TI - [Use of thymalin in the treatment of diffuse suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 6548269 TI - [Ophthalmo-rhinosurgical decompression operation in malignant endocrine exophthalmus]. AB - The thyroid metabolism has to be treated first. If this is not followed by regression of the exophthalmos, treatment with prednisone over a period of several weeks is indicated. If this does not result in permanent improvement, surgical decompression of the orbit is indicated, especially if the exposition of the cornea or compression of the optic nerve represent an imminent danger. In such cases surgical decompression is preferable to multiple series of prednisone or radiation treatment (Wright 1981, Trokel 1982). Both the Kronlein-Berke operation for resection of the lateral orbital wall as well as neurosurgical resection of the orbital roof have proved to be excellent for removal of correspondingly located orbital tumors; effective decompression of the orbit in malignant endocrine exophthalmos, however, cannot be achieved this way, as the temporal muscle and the brain, respectively, prevent protrusion of the swollen orbital tissues through these apertures. Resection of the orbital floor is somewhat more effective. The mucosa of the maxillary sinus can easily be moved by the protruding orbital tissues, resulting in a reduction in the size of the maxillary sinus. This decompression, however, is effective only in the anterior two-thirds of the orbit, while the optic nerve must be relieved from the pressure of the swollen muscles in particular in the posterior one-third of the orbit. The only effective way is to remove the medical orbital wall up to the tip of the orbit. Surgical techniques for this purpose have already been recommended, but appeared unsatisfactory from a rhinological point of view.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548270 TI - [Retinal detachment in children and adolescents]. AB - During a 4-year period 22 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children and young adults up to 20 years of age were operated on. This group comprised 6.3 percent of all rhegmatogenous retinal detachments operated on during the same period. In 9 eyes (40.9%) the detachment was due to a direct ocular trauma. In the remaining cases the main etiological factors were: myopia with or without lattice degeneration (5 eyes), retinopathy of prematurity (2 eyes), hereditary vitreoretinal degeneration (1 eye), uveal coloboma (2 eyes), aphakia after congenital cataract (1 eye), sex-linked juvenile retinoschisis (1 eye), and central retinal vein occlusion (1 eye), Conventional surgical procedures using episcleral or intrascleral implants or an encircling band combined with cryotherapy were used. After a follow-up of 7 months to 3.3 years (mean 1.5 years) the retina was flat in 18 cases (82%) and still detached in those with uveal coloboma (2 eyes), hereditary vitreoretinal degeneration (1 eye), and central retinal vein occlusion (1 eye). All traumatic detachments were flat. PMID- 6548271 TI - [Use of gastrozepin in erosive-ulcerative diseases of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6548272 TI - [Use of beta-blockers and a calcium antagonist in angina pectoris during the period of postinfarct rehabilitation]. PMID- 6548274 TI - Microprocessor-controlled signal generator for the functional testing of electrocardiographs. PMID- 6548273 TI - Treatment of pulmonary acariasis in rhesus macaques with ivermectin. AB - Rhesus monkeys were treated for pulmonary acariasis with single injections of ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg). Monkeys were killed and complete necropsies performed. Control monkeys had numerous live mites, while treated monkeys had only dead, frequently fragmented mites. Histopathologically, inflammatory lesions were most severe in control monkeys and monkeys killed one week after treatment. Inflammatory changes progressively decreased with increasing time post treatment. PMID- 6548275 TI - The architecture of a data processing system to support statistical studies. PMID- 6548276 TI - The development of an integrated and co-operative hospital information system. PMID- 6548277 TI - A program to produce bar charts and tables from data stored in disk files, using a microcomputer and a printer. PMID- 6548278 TI - HIPPOCRATES: an on-line interactive health data retrieval and processing system. PMID- 6548279 TI - The interpreter PIC: a tool in the field of image processing. PMID- 6548280 TI - [Ethmoidectomy and orbital decompression in endocrine ophthalmopathy]. AB - 23 orbita decompression operations were performed in patients suffering from endocrine exophthalmos (Grave's disease) after normalization of thyroid metabolism and systemic corticoid therapy remained unsuccessful. We developed a modification of an external ethmoidectomy. The lamina of the middle nasal concha is carefully preserved, any opening to the nasal cavity is closed. Flap door incisions of the periorbita complete this procedure. Results are good and were followed up for a period of 30 months. The operation resulted in prompt restitution of normal eye position with fast normalization of visual acuity and field. Squint surgery was done in addition. PMID- 6548281 TI - Motor effects of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) and bombesin in the canine stomach and small intestine. AB - Close intraarterial injections of synthetic porcine gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) or bombesin stimulated contractions in the stomach and inhibited ongoing contractile activity in the small intestine of anaesthetized dogs. Contractile activity of the circular muscle was recorded by serosal strain gauges and phasic activity when desired was elicited by local field stimulation or intraarterial motilin injections. In the stomach (corpus and antrum) following tetrodotoxin blockade of field-stimulated contractions, the contractile response to either peptide was not present, suggesting that stimulation of receptors on nerves initiated contractions in the stomach. Similarly, in the small intestine, the inhibitory response was eliminated by tetrodotoxin suggesting a neural receptor. Pre-treatment with reserpine did not alter the inhibitory response, either in the presence or absence of atropine, therefore, adrenergic inhibitory mechanisms did not appear to be involved. The concentration of bombesin producing 50% inhibition of field stimulation (ED50) was increased following treatment with the putative M1 muscarinic antagonist, pirenzipine suggesting activation of M1 cholinergic inhibitory receptors by bombesin. After blockade by atropine of field-stimulated contractions and the contractile response to intraarterial acetylcholine, the ED50 for bombesin inhibition of motilin contractions was increased. After muscarinic blockade, the residual inhibitory response of GRP/bombesin may involve activation of a neural non-cholinergic non-adrenergic inhibitory mechanism. These results suggest that GRP and bombesin act to alter motility in the dog in vivo by affecting neural activity. PMID- 6548282 TI - Pharmacological evidence for cardiac muscarinic receptor subtypes. AB - The chronotropic and inotropic effects of muscarinic receptor agonists (Acetylcholine, Arecoline, Carbachol, Furtrethonium) and antagonists (Atropine, N methyl and N-butyl scopolammonium, pirenzepine) on isolated guinea-pig atria were studied. All had a greater affinity constants for muscarinic receptors as assessed in terms of inotropic effects than in terms of chronotropic effects. This difference, well correlated with the pharmacological effect, suggests the occurrence of cardiac muscarinic receptor subtypes, one mediating heart rate and the other contractile force. The ratio of chronotropic to inotropic potencies for each agent shows that the physiological mediator. Acetylcholine, differentiates best between the two subtypes, while atropine is the least discriminatory. PMID- 6548283 TI - Analgesic effects of enkephalin analogs in rats. AB - The analgesic effects of intracerebroventricular injections of Met-enkephalin and five of its analogs in a dose of 10 micrograms each were quantified with a hot plate test in rats. Two analogs showed analgesic effect. [D-Ala2, Met5] enkephalin had a weak and short-lasting analgesic effect. [D-Ala2, Met5] enkephalinamide (DALA) had a striking and long-lasting analgesic effect. However, sulfation of tyrosine residue totally abolished the analgesic action of DALA. The analgesic effect of DALA was not affected by preinjection of its sulfated analog. PMID- 6548284 TI - [Content and distribution of iodine, chlorine and bromine in normal and pathologically changed thyroid gland tissue]. AB - The neutron-activation method was used to study the content and distribution of iodine, chlorine and bromine in 53 thyroid glands removed from patients during operation and 8 thyroid glands from persons who died in accidents. It has been shown that a statistically significant decrease in the iodine concentration occurs in struma maligna, Hashimoto's disease and a mixed form of endemic euthyroid goiter. The chlorine content did not change. The bromine concentration in all form of thyroid pathology was raised. The highest bromine content was found in "cold" forms--struma maligna, and it exceeded almost by 50 times the rates in the control group. Autoradiographic studies made it possible to establish some peculiarities in the distribution of radioactive and stable iodine in the thyroid tissue depending on its morphofunctional condition. Radioactive iodine gradients in the normal tissue did not exceed 7, in mixed (parenchymatous) forms of the goiter 42.5. The distribution of stable iodine is characterized by a high irregularity. The aplastic forms of struma maligna least of all accumulate and contain stable iodine, their structure being characterized by functional monotony. PMID- 6548285 TI - [An infusion-transfusion calculator]. AB - The infusion-transfusion calculator is currently used in intensive care units to compute hemodynamic parameters and volumes of infusion-transfusion media. The system is based on the microcalculator (Formula: see text) and the programmed read-only memory incorporating the programs to compute parameters of interest. PMID- 6548286 TI - Retinopathy of prematurity and vitamin E. PMID- 6548287 TI - Retinopathy of prematurity in extremely low birthweight infants. AB - From 1977 to 1982, 108 infants weighing less than 1000 g at birth were examined in a nursery for premature babies for evidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Of these 108 infants, 88 were subjected to follow-up examinations for periods of 10 months to six years. ROP had been observed in 53% (47/88) of these children; it had been severe in 31% (27/88). Subsequently, 19% (17/88) of these children developed retrolental fibroplasia (RLF); all of these had had severe ROP, except one, in whom it is presumed to have been missed. The RLF was severe in only one eye of one child. Each of these infants had received only 25 mg of vitamin E by mouth. The writers consider that the case for the administration of large doses of vitamin E in the prevention of RLF is still not proven and conclude that, if vitamin E does have a protective effect, then a dose of 25 mg is sufficient. PMID- 6548288 TI - Vrx: a verify-record system for radiotherapy. AB - A system of computer programs has been created to allow the entry of radiotherapy treatment details as defined by the physician, the verification of the machine parameters at every treatment, and the recording of the entire course of treatment. Various utility programs are available to simplify the use and maintenance of the system. The majority of the code is written in FORTRAN-77, the remainder in MACRO-11. The system has been implemented on a PDP 11/60 minicomputer for use with a Mevatron linear accelerator, the implementation required minor hardware changes to the accelerator. PMID- 6548289 TI - Ivermectin as an antiparasitic agent in cattle. AB - In experimental trials on cattle, ivermectin given SC at 200 micrograms/kg had 95% or better efficacy against adult and immature GI and pulmonary nematodes, including inhibited fourth-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. Studies of efficacy against ectoparasites revealed nearly 100% efficacy against sucking lice, psoroptic and sarcoptic mange mites and cattle grubs. Safety trials revealed no adverse effects with the recommended dosage, including bulls and pregnant cows. A few grub-infested cattle died from acute esophagitis associated with a host-parasite reaction after ivermectin injection. PMID- 6548290 TI - Cryotherapy of cutaneous lymphosarcoma in a German shepherd. AB - Multiple cutaneous lymphosarcoma lesions in a 10-year-old German Shepherd regressed and totally healed by 5 weeks after cryotherapy of the larger lesions. The dog remains clinically normal 1 year after surgery, without use of corticosteroids or chemotherapy. PMID- 6548291 TI - [3H]Pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to brain muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Differences in measured receptor density are not explained by differences in receptor isomerization. AB - Muscarinic receptor densities were measured in membranes prepared from rat cerebral cortex using [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. Isotherms of equilibrium binding data modeled to a single apparent binding site for both ligands. However, as has been reported previously, [3H]pirenzepine labeled only a small fraction of the binding sites that were labeled by [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate. This observation has been used to support the hypothesis that subtypes of muscarinic receptors exist. Several investigators have previously suggested that antagonist binding to muscarinic receptors involves an isomerization of the receptor-antagonist complex, and it is only the isomerized form of the receptor that is identified by radioligand binding studies. To examine the possibility that the difference in the density of binding sites identified by [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate is due to differences in the degree of isomerization of the receptor associated with the binding of each ligand, the kinetics of the binding of [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate to membranes prepared from rat cerebral cortex were examined. The pseudo-first-order rate constant of association for both ligands showed a nonlinear (hyperbolic) dependence on ligand concentration. These results suggested that a rapidly equilibrating initial binding step was followed by a more slowly equilibrating isomerization of the initially formed ligand-receptor complex. The kinetic data were computer-modeled to obtain estimates of the equilibrium constants for both reaction steps. The equilibrium constants for the isomerization step were 0.1 and 0.004 for [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate, respectively. Our measurements, in agreement with others, suggested that only the fraction of receptors which isomerized were measurable using filtration binding assays. Although essentially all (99.6%) of the [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding sites appeared to isomerize, only 90% of the [3H]pirenzepine binding sites isomerized, and thus only 90% were measured in our assay. It therefore appears that differences in receptor isomerization can partially, but not wholly, account for the differences between [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 6548292 TI - Enkephalin biosynthesis in adrenal medulla. Modulation of proenkephalin mRNA content of cultured chromaffin cells by 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. AB - Incubation of primary cultures of chromaffin cells from bovine adrenal medulla with 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-Br-cyclic AMP) resulted in an increase in proenkephalin mRNA content. The mRNA that increased was detected by hybridization analysis using a cDNA probe and migrated with an apparent size of approximately 1400 bases. The increase in proenkephalin mRNA following 8-Br cyclic AMP treatment was apparent in 12 hr and continued over 2 days. Corresponding changes were detected in enkephalin-like immunoreactivity but with a 24-hr lag: the cellular content increased significantly after 2 days of treatment and continued to rise over the next 2 days, whereas changes in the amount released to the medium followed the same time course. Dose-response curves for the increase in the content of proenkephalin mRNA and of enkephalin containing peptides were essentially identical. Chromatographic characterization of the enkephalin-like peptides demonstrated that 8-Br-cyclic AMP increased both the high molecular weight fraction and the low molecular weight fraction, which was shown by high-pressure liquid chromatography to contain Met5-enkephalin, Leu5 enkephalin, and Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7. Previous results in chromaffin cells have demonstrated that the synthesis of tyrosine hydroxylase is also regulated by cyclic AMP, with a similar time course. These results therefore suggest the possibility of coordinate regulation by cyclic AMP of the expression of the cotransmitters, catecholamines and enkephalin peptides, in the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6548293 TI - Hydroperoxyflavin-mediated oxidations of organosulfur compounds. Model studies for the flavin monooxygenase. AB - Kinetic and product studies were carried out for the reaction of a synthetic hydroperoxyflavin with a series of organosulfur compounds as a model for the flavin-containing monooxygenase of mammalian liver (FMO). S-Oxidized products were identified, and the kinetics of the oxidation reactions were consistent with a mechanism involving attack of a sulfur nucleophile on the terminal oxygen atom of the hydroperoxyflavin. These results provide information about the substrate oxygenation step of FMO not available from steady-state enzyme kinetics. PMID- 6548294 TI - The combining site of anti-I Ma (group 1). AB - Evidence is provided that the trisaccharide beta DGal(1----4)beta DGlcNAc(1--- 6)beta DGal is bound by the monoclonal anti-I Ma antibody beginning with a basically nonpolar cleft at the surface of the protein which comes into contact with a weakly polar region of the trisaccharide that extends from the C-5 methylene group of the reducing unit about the surfaces involving the acetamido grouping and the OH-3' of the beta DGlcNAc unit intramolecularly hydrogen bonded to the O-5'' of the nonreducing beta DGal unit and up to the C-5'' methylene group. The combining site then terminates with a polar grouping at its periphery which is disposed to react with OH-6'' and likely OH-4'' in a highly specific manner. The hydroxyl groups at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, 6', 3'' and 4'' remain in contact with the aq. phase. This conclusion was deduced from the relative potencies as inhibitors of a wide number of synthetic compounds that bear varying structural relationships to the trisaccharide. It appears that the stability of the complex is mainly related to attractive interactions between two large complementary and essentially hydrophobic surfaces relative to those when these surfaces are exposed to water. PMID- 6548295 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with silicone-induced granulomas. PMID- 6548296 TI - Effect of protein packing structure on side-chain methyl rotor conformations. AB - Protein molecules undergo a series of conformational fluctuations ranging in degree from atomic vibrations to transient denaturation, even in physiological conditions. The rotational motions of amino acid side chains form an important subset of the types of fluctuation a protein can undergo. NMR and molecular dynamics have shown that methyl groups in proteins are not held in fixed positions, but spin rapidly around their rotor axes. The question then arises as to whether methyl groups in proteins predominantly adopt the 'staggered' conformation, favoured by the intrinsic barrier to rotation of these groups, or whether cooperative packing effects in the folded protein perturb the average configurations to higher torsional energy. We report here an investigation of the rotational conformations of the methyl groups of aliphatic side chains in the protein crambin by neutron diffraction. We find that in the time-averaged structure of this protein, the majority of methyl rotors adopt the staggered conformation. This is consistent with rotation being a quantized event consisting of rapid reorientations of approximately 120 degrees steps to positions of highest stability. The fact that the local environment does not dictate the low energy state of methyl groups suggests that within the seemingly close-packed interior structure of a protein, mutual packing accommodation occurs as a consequence of the inherent flexibility and small packing defects in protein structures. PMID- 6548297 TI - Organizing centres for three-dimensional chemical waves. AB - Excitable media propagate periodic waves of chemical activity. In three dimensions, they resemble scrolls rotating about axes where reactions are not periodic. These axes close in rings which may be linked and knotted, in ways limited by an exclusion principle. PMID- 6548298 TI - [Development and application of computerized data base for neurosurgery]. PMID- 6548299 TI - Generalized hypertrophic myopathy associated with chorioretinal dystrophy and struma lymphomatosa--a case report. AB - A case is reported of a girl suffering from generalized hypertrophic myopathy and chorioretinal dystrophy since early infancy. A muscle biopsy taken at age seven revealed a general enlargement of the muscle fibers with a concomitant extensive degeneration of myofibrils. At age fourteen, the patient developed a struma lymphomatosa (Hashimoto). This report is the first describing an association of these three diseases. PMID- 6548300 TI - EEG-based multivariate statistical analysis of sleep stages. AB - All-night sleep of 5 healthy male subjects was scored on the basis of EEG (paper records), EMG and EOG into the stages of wakefulness, REM sleep and slow sleep stages 1-4 according to Rechtschaffen and Kales. Spectral analysis for 8 EEG channels was then performed and spectral parameters (total power and coherence for certain frequency bands) extracted. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was applied to these spectral parameters to see how well the polygraphically defined sleep stages were recognized. While the results of each intrasubject analysis were satisfactory (error rates between 10 and 15%), a more detailed analysis revealed that most errors occur between nearby slow sleep stages or between S1 and REM or wakefulness. This is related to the fact that Rechtschaffen and Kales classify into discrete stages an essentially continuous process and this is, to some extent, arbitrary. This interpretation is supported by examples. Cross classification of each subject on the basis of the remaining 4 increases the error rates drastically. A simple way of avoiding this effect, by standardizing the individual data, is shown to work nicely in this case. PMID- 6548301 TI - The effects of oxytocin and vasotocin analogues on the responses of rat brainstem neurones to oxytocin. AB - The effects of microiontophoretically applied oxytocin on the firing rates of neurones in the rat caudal brainstem have been examined. Of the sample of 156 units recorded the firing rates of 33.3% were reduced and those of 21.2% were raised by microiontophoretically applied oxytocin, whilst the remainder were unaffected. The distribution of units facilitated by oxytocin tended to overlap with the distribution of oxytocin demonstrated immunocytochemically, whereas many units inhibited by oxytocin were in regions where no oxytocin was observed. Overall the excitatory but not the inhibitory effects of oxytocin could be blocked by oxytocin and vasotocin analogues with antagonist properties. PMID- 6548302 TI - Synenkephalin is coreleased with Met-enkephalin from neuronal terminals in vitro. AB - Synenkephalin, the amino-terminal 1-70 residues of proenkephalin, is released intact from bovine globus pallidus and neurohypophysis following potassium induced depolarization in vitro via a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. The release of synenkephalin accompanies that of Met-enkephalin in a molar ratio of 1/4. In contrast to Met-enkephalin, which is readily destroyed when released, synenkephalin is not destroyed. PMID- 6548303 TI - [Association of ocular myasthenia and Hashimoto's thyroiditis]. PMID- 6548304 TI - [Difference between and simultaneous occurrence of immunogenic and non immunogenic thyrotoxicoses]. PMID- 6548305 TI - [Scandinavian Society for Genitourinary Medicine. Closer Scandinavian cooperation on sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6548306 TI - X-ray structure of cytidine-5'-O-dimethylphosphate. Novel stacking between the ribosyl O(2') hydroxyl oxygen atom and the base. AB - The anionic oxygen atoms of the phosphodiester backbone of RNA and DNA are particularly susceptible to esterification by many mutagenic and carcinogenic alkylating agents. To better understand the geometric, electronic and conformational properties of the alkylated sugar phosphate moiety, the X-ray structure of the phosphotriesterified nucleotide, cytidine-5'-O-dimethylphosphate (C11H18N3O8P), was undertaken. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2, with unit cell parameters of a = 5.741(2), b = 11.625(1), c = 11.425(1)A, beta = 94.43(2) degrees. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by block-diagonal least-squares technique to an R index of 0.034 (Rw = 0.046). The D-ribofuranosyl ring is in the 3T2 twist conformation (P = 13.1(2) degrees, tau m = 36.7(2) degrees) and the conformation about the C(1')-N(1) glycosyl bond is anti (XCN = 8.3(2) degrees). The four P-O bond lengths are significantly shorter than those of the nonalkylated nucleotides. The three sets of phosphodiester linkages, (omega 'A, omega A), (omega 'B, omega B) and (omega 'C, omega C), take the (g-,t), (t,g) and (g-,t) conformations, respectively. There is no base-base or alkyl-base stacking, however, a novel intermolecular stacking is found between the ribosyl O(2') hydroxyl oxygen atom and a neighboring pyrimidine ring. This hydroxyl-base stacking interaction may have implications in the stabilization of the tertiary and quarternary structure of ribonucleic acids and nucleic acid-protein complexes. PMID- 6548307 TI - Post-transcriptional regulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase gene expression in rat tissues. AB - We have isolated and identified cDNA clones containing part of the coding sequence for rat glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH, E.C. 1.2.1.12). By using one of these clones as a probe, we have shown that: i) the abundance of GAPDH mRNA is different in various tissues of the adult rat and in good correlation with the abundance of the enzyme; ii) the transcription rates are quite similar in all tissues tested. We therefore conclude that the tissue specific differential GAPDH gene expression is regulated by adjusting the abundance of its mRNA at the post-transcriptional level. PMID- 6548309 TI - [131I-therapy of Basedow's disease and nonimmunogenic hyperthyroidism]. AB - From 1977 to 1982, 315 patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis with diffuse and/or nodular goitre or Graves' disease were treated with 131I. In 246 patients, the results of treatment after 7 months to 5 1/2 years could be evaluated. After a single treatment with 131I, 72% of the patients with hyperthyroid nodular goitre and 61% of those with diffuse goitre, but only 36% of the patients with Graves' disease showed normal thyroid function. By repeated 131I treatments--as many as 5 for those with Graves' disease--normal thyroid function could be achieved in nearly all patients examined. Patients with immune thyrotoxicosis, type Graves' disease, showed a high resistance to therapy. A dependence was found between the results of these treatments and previous antithyroidal drug therapy or surgery. The rate of hypothyroidism varied between 4 and 15%. The highest rate of hypothyroidism was observed in operated patients with persistent or recurring thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6548308 TI - Primary and secondary structure of black beetle virus RNA2, the genomic messenger for BBV coat protein precursor. AB - The nucleotide sequence of black beetle virion (BBV) RNA2 has been determined. RNA2 is 1399 b long. Its 5' terminus is capped. Its 3' terminus has an unidentified moiety that renders the RNA resistent to polyadenylation and ligation. The first AUG codon at base 23 is followed by an open reading frame for a protein 407 amino acids long, the predicted size of coat protein precursor. A second open reading frame for a putative protein 72 amino acid residues long begins at base 1110. No other large open reading frames exist. The 5' half of the RNA can be folded into a long, imperfect hairpin of high predicted stability. The 3' half of the RNA can fold into a complex set of multiply bifurcated stem and loop regions. PMID- 6548310 TI - Kids and computers. Does your child really need one? PMID- 6548311 TI - Measurement of plasma group I pepsinogens. AB - Plasma group I pepsinogen (PG I) concentration is now a readily available non invasive marker of gastric secretory function, with several potentially useful applications. Ninety-eight percent of control subjects had a plasma PG I below 115 ng/ml while values above this level were seen in 43% of duodenal ulcer patients. Plasma PG I levels below the observed normal lower limit of 30 ng/ml were seen consistently in patients with documented achlorhydria or pernicious anaemia. In 48 patients with a variety of upper gastrointestinal disorders there was a significant correlation between PG I pepsinogens and pentagastrin stimulated maximal acid output. Changes in plasma PG I promise to be useful in evaluating both operations on the vagus and newer anticholinergic drugs, whilst in epidemiological and family studies these measurements seem well suited to explore duodenal ulcer heterogeneity. PMID- 6548312 TI - [General basic concepts of computer technology]. PMID- 6548313 TI - Behavioral and neurochemical effects of intraventricular AF64A administration in rats. AB - Ethylcholine aziridinium ion solution (AF64A), a putative specific cholinergic neurotoxin, was injected bilaterally into the lateral ventricles of rats. Following administration of 3 or 6 nmoles of AF64A, drinking and eating were depressed but returned to normal levels after several days; increased activity in the 6 nmole group persisted throughout the 21 days of observations. Performance on complex place and cue tasks indicated that injected animals were impaired in reference memory only on the place task, but working memory was impaired on both tasks. Neurochemical measurements in a separate group of animals one week after AF64A injections found large depletions of acetylcholine in hippocampus and corpus striatum, but not depletions of norepinephrine (hippocampus) or dopamine (striatum). Histological examination of the injection site revealed extensive damage to the fimbria-fornix similar to that seen after electrolytic lesions. Since the behavorial and neurochemical changes are similar to those previously found following fimbria-fornix lesions, it is concluded that the present results are possibly due to non-specific lesion effects of the neurotoxin rather than a specific effect on cholinergic systems. PMID- 6548314 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic determination of a new biologically active 1,2,4-oxadiazine derivative in rat plasma. AB - A sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the determination of 3-phenyl-6-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-isoquinolyl)methyl-4H-5,6 dihydro -1,2, 4-oxadiazine a new vasodilator, in plasma. Rat plasma samples were made alkaline with ammonia and partitioned with chloroform. The extracts were dried with anhydrous sodium sulphate and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residues were redissolved in chloroform, and then chromatographed on silica column with chloroform/isopropanol (7:3, v/v). Detection was performed with a variable-wavelength UV detector set at 265 nm. Limit of identification was 10 ng, that of quantitative determination 50 ng 1/ml of plasma. The utility of the method for pharmacokinetic studies in the rat was demonstrated. PMID- 6548315 TI - Preparation and characterization of thymidine-8-methoxypsoralen tetramethylethylene photodiadducts. PMID- 6548316 TI - Poor prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the elderly: clinical presentation and management. AB - Thirty-eight patients age 65 years and older with a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of poor prognostic type were seen over a five and a half year period. These patients represented 19 per cent of our total new patient non-Hodgkin's lymphoma population during this time. Advanced age, coexisting medical illness, widespread lymphoma and poor treatment compliance were common problems. Despite this we were able to render 26 per cent of patients disease-free for periods from 12 to over 48 months. Age should not be considered a bar to staging and effective therapy. Palliative management was unsuccessful, and we believe that treatment should be given with the intention of cure. Features suggesting that a patient was more likely to achieve a lasting complete remission included early stage (I IIA), a lack of systemic ('B') symptoms, an absence of bone marrow or bulky gastrointestinal tract disease and no pre-existing serious medical condition. PMID- 6548317 TI - Development of a GC-MS method for quantitation of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha and determination of the urinary excretion rates in healthy humans under normal conditions and following drugs. AB - Tetradeuterated 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha was used as internal standard in the development of a method for quantitation of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha in human urine based on gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The urinary excretion rates of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha in twenty normal healthy males and females were 9.7 +/- 4.6 and 8.8 +/- 8.5 (mean +/- SD) ng/h respectively. A considerable inter- and intra-individual variation was found under normal conditions. It was also found that the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha was increased about fivefold during and shortly after 30 min of strenuous jogging. Any data about the effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the excretion rate of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha are difficult to interpret when considering the above findings. However, oral administration of 500 mg of aspirin did not seem to reduce the excretion rate of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha. PMID- 6548318 TI - [1st successful results in the treatment of Notoedres cati with ivermectin]. PMID- 6548319 TI - A new N-nitroso compound, N-2-methylpropyl-N-1-methylacetonyl-nitrosamine, in moldy millet and wheat flour. AB - A new N-nitroso compound, N-2-methylpropyl-N-1-methylacetonyl-nitrosamine (MAMPNA), was found in millet and wheat flour inoculated with Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, a common species of fungi occurring in foods in Linxian County, after 8-day incubation and an addition of a small amount of NaNO2. The compound has been identified by GC-MS and confirmed by synthesized MAMPNA. The present paper reports the isolation and detection of MAMPNA in moldy foods, and discusses the role of the fungus in processes of nitrosamine formation and possible biosynthetic approach of the new compound. PMID- 6548320 TI - [Intrathecal roentgen contrasting--experiences with iopamidol]. PMID- 6548321 TI - [Isoimmune neonatal thrombopenia caused by anti-PLA1 antibodies. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6548322 TI - [Current status of infectious gynecologic diseases with special reference to sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6548323 TI - [Health problems in homosexuals]. PMID- 6548324 TI - Reduction of 2,4-dinitrotoluene by Wistar rat liver microsomal and cytosol fractions. AB - 2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) is an important industrial nitroaromatic compound. 2,4-Diaminotoluene (2,4-DAT), one of the urinary metabolites of 2,4-DNT, is carcinogenic when fed to rats. The objectives of these studies were to determine whether 2,4-DAT was formed from 2,4-DNT in rat liver and to clarify the nature of enzymes responsible for reduction of 2,4-DNT to 2,4-DAT. Data obtained from thin layer and high-pressure liquid chromatography indicated that metabolites produced by microsomal preparations were 2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (2A4NT) and its isomer (4A2NT). This microsomal activity is probably mediated by cytochrome P-450 because the reduction is blocked by carbon monoxide and primary amines [aniline, n-octylamine, and 2,4-dichloro-6-phenylphenoxyethylamine (DPEA)]. In contrast, 2,4-DNT was metabolized via 2A4NT and 4A2NT to 2,4-DAT by cytosolic preparations. The greatest part of the reduction activity was due to cytosolic xanthine oxidase because the reduction was blocked by allopurinol. The results of this investigation suggest that reduction of 2,4-DNT to 2,4-DAT by cytosolic xanthine oxidase may play a role in 2,4-DNT hepatocarcinogenicity. PMID- 6548325 TI - Lack of viraemia and limited antibody response of dengue virus immune rhesus monkeys after vaccination with DEN-2/S-1 vaccine. AB - A dengue-2 live virus vaccine was tested in monkeys immune to heterologous dengue serotypes to determine if, as with wild DEN-2 virus, antibody-enhanced viraemia and seroconversion would occur. A low dose of 900 plaque-forming units (PFU) of the DEN-2/S-1 vaccine virus was inoculated subcutaneously into rhesus monkeys six months after they had received wild DEN-1, DEN-2 or DEN-3 viruses, and into non immune monkeys. As previously reported for non-immune monkeys, there was little, if any, detectable vaccine viraemia in any of the groups of monkeys. There was no difference in seroconversion between the dengue heterologously immune (3/6) and non-immune (1/3) monkeys. These data indicated that (i) the vaccine virus may differ from the parent virus in the ability to complex with heterologous antibody and, thus, in the ability to infect Fc receptor bearing cells in monkeys; (ii) 10(3) PFU of vaccine virus is approximately the 50% infectious dose in monkeys as measured by seroconversion. PMID- 6548326 TI - Outbreak of psoroptic mange in cattle. AB - A severe outbreak of psoroptic mange in beef cattle is described. Up to half the animals in some groups were extensively affected and debilitated. Performance was poor with days to slaughter weight increased. Ivermectin was the most effective form of treatment. The possible origin of the infestation and the ways of controlling the condition are discussed. PMID- 6548327 TI - Effect of the binding of anti-Zwa antibodies on platelet function. AB - Anti-Zwa antibodies can induce a Glanzmann-like platelet dysfunction in normal Zwa-positive platelets. Although a normal shape change and release reaction was always recorded in response to adenosine diphosphate and collagen, the aggregation on these inducers could be completely inhibited by anti-Zwa antibodies. Analogous to the platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, normal platelets sensitized with anti-Zwa did not associate with fibrinogen upon exposure to adenosine diphosphate. Our data indicate that the binding site for fibrinogen is closely associated with the Zwa-antigenic determinants on the platelet membrane glycoproteins and thus with glycoprotein IIIa which is known to carry Zwa. PMID- 6548328 TI - [Possibility for using microcomputers for the storage and evaluation of spirographic data]. AB - The recent advent of microcomputers offers a possibility and challenge to use them for data acquisition, storage and analysis. The paper describes a simple program which allows to analyze and storage the spirometric data. The program was written in BASIC-80 so that it could be easily modified and extended. A microcomputer MC 80 was used. PMID- 6548329 TI - [An electronic data processing program for respiratory function diagnosis with the KRS 4201 computer]. AB - The computer program LSD 1 published in 1973 which was used for daily processing of lung function data in a number of hospitals is at present realized on the computer KRS 4 201. In the last years new reference values and new valuations of parameters lead to changed and more complete programs. The here presented new program is based consequently in magnetic files from data input with DEG 1 370 to output of the computed parameters. It concludes new reference values and SI-units also. With the computer KRS 4 201 parameters were corrected and computed, respectively, derivated diagnostic valuations were printed out and all data stored by magnetic files. PMID- 6548330 TI - The mode of action of arsenical herbicides and drugs. PMID- 6548331 TI - Seasonal variations of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and alkaline phosphatase in relation to the antler formation in the fallow deer (Dama dama L.). AB - Serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and serum alkaline phosphatase increased several fold during the antler formation period in July. Both maxima were observed in the second half of the antler formation period, where the mineralization of the antler takes place. In contrast serum levels of calcium and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 showed no alternation or seasonal variation. PMID- 6548332 TI - [Standardized psychiatric examination according to the Wing-Cooper-Sartorius method]. AB - The Present State Examination elaborated by Wing, Cooper and Sartorius aims at standardizing the psychiatric examination by controlling the interview technique, the definition of symptoms, and the taxinomic rationale. The method consists of two successive steps: a "human step" (evaluation of 140 symptoms) and a "computer step" (the CATEGO program, compatible with the WHO International Classification of Diseases). Besides its interest for clinical research, the Present State Examination is extremely helpful in clinical routine and in teaching. A few examples from the work done in our department are given. They concern an epidemiological study of recent mothers, a methodological reflexion on subjects presenting a borderline personality, and on a comparative study of female alcoholism. PMID- 6548333 TI - Totally automated electrophysiologic testing of sinus node function. PMID- 6548335 TI - Late-onset oculogastrointestinal muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6548334 TI - Diet, nutrition intake, and metabolism in populations at high and low risk for colon cancer. Concordance of nutrient information obtained by different methods. AB - Data obtained from two vegetarian and two nonvegetarian populations by 24-h diet recall, 3-day weighed diet diary, analysis of 3-day composite food samples, and measurement of certain biochemical parameters were compared. Correlations for group means (both sexes combined) for values obtained by 24-h recall versus 3-day diet diary were protein, r = 0.96 and total calories r = 0.86. For 3-day diet diary with food analysis, protein r = 0.89, fat r = 0.90 and for reported protein intake with serum prealbumin r = 0.74, with urinary urea nitrogen r = 0.87. Correlations were low for comparisons of means of male groups for most parameters. Individual correlations for reported protein intake and biochemical parameters were lower for males than for females. This suggests that male subjects may require special attention to insure accuracy of reporting and specimen collection. These findings indicate comparability of data from 24-h recall and 3-day diary, and agreement of dietary records with certain biochemical parameters. Protein and fat intake as determined from chemical analysis of a composite food sample correlated well (r = 0.89; r = 0.90) with that calculated from food tables. PMID- 6548336 TI - Purification of lamellar bodies from human amniotic fluid. AB - Lamellar bodies were purified from human amniotic fluid obtained from pregnancies at 17, 31, and 40 weeks' gestation by means of Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography. Fractions were labeled with diphenylhexatriene and two peaks of phospholipid were identified at each gestational age. The size of peak I increased relative to that of peak II with advancing gestational age. Further study of the two peaks from 40-week pregnancies showed that peak I contained lamellar bodies that could be identified by electron microscopy. The ratio of the concentration of protein to phospholipid for peak I varied from 0.2 to 1.1. There were four proteins which could be identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (130K, 80K, 50K, and 20K), and there was 90 degree scattering of 400 nm light. Peak II also contained phospholipid. However, bilayer structures could not be visualized by electron microscopy, and there was no 90-degree scattering of 400 nm light. Peak II had a much higher ratio of protein to phospholipid (approximately 100) and two broad bands of protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis (80K, 50K). The anisotropy of diphenylhexatriene in both peaks decreased with advancing gestational age. The anisotropy in peak I was always lower than that in peak II, indicating that the microenvironment in peak I was more fluid. Peak I may represent mature surfactant and peak II, precursors of surfactant. PMID- 6548337 TI - Antitumor phthalanilides active in acute and chronic Trypanosoma brucei brucei murine infections. AB - A series of phthalanilides and related compounds were tested on a short-term, fulminating, mouse infection of Trypanosoma brucei brucei (EATRO 110 isolate). The most effective compound was [4,4'-bis (4-methylimidazolin-2-yl) terephthalanilide] which had a cure rate of 75% at 0.1 mg/kg body weight and 100% at 0.5 mg/kg when administered as three single daily intraperitoneal injections starting 24 hours post-infection. Several related phthalanilides and similarly substituted ureas showed definite but lower activity. In tests with a chronic neurotropic T. b. brucei isolate (TREU 667), cure rates greater than 90% were obtained with 10 or 25 mg/kg [4,4'-bis(4-methylimidazolin-2-yl) terephthalanilide]. Cured animals survived for at least 200 days after infection with no evidence of recrudescence of parasitemia or of toxicity; blood or brain homogenates of cured animals were non-infective to immunosuppressed animals. These studies indicate that this series of compounds, previously studied as antitumor agents, should be re-examined as potential trypanocides. PMID- 6548338 TI - A sensitive fluorimetric rate assay for biotinidase using a new derivative of biotin, biotinyl-6-aminoquinoline. AB - The previously reported method for the estimation of biotinidase (EC 3.5.1.12) is an endpoint colorimetric assay based on the hydrolysis of biotinyl-4 aminobenzoate, followed by diazotization, and is not suitable for our studies of biotinidase. A fluorimetric rate assay of biotinidase which uses a newly synthesized derivative biotinyl-6-aminoquinoline is described here. PMID- 6548339 TI - Measurement of folylpolyglutamate synthetase in mammalian tissues. AB - Previous methods for the measurement of folylpolyglutamate synthetase have been modified and combined to facilitate assay of this enzyme at the levels found in mammalian tissues. Batch adsorption of product onto charcoal allowed the rapid analysis of multiple samples of partially purified enzyme, e.g., column fractions. This technique, however, was unsuitable for the assay of folylpolyglutamate synthetase in crude cytosols due to the presence of interfering enzyme activities. On the other hand, the sequential use of charcoal adsorption and batch elution from DEAE-cellulose permitted isolation of the folate product from assay mixtures containing crude enzyme fractions. Under these conditions, interference from other enzyme activities and background values were low enough for the quantitation of 10 pmol of oligoglutamyl folate product. Folylpolyglutamate synthetase was measured in a series of mouse tissues and tumors. Enzyme activity was quite low in all cases. Mouse liver and kidney and some of the tumors studied had the highest levels (50-100 pmol product/h/mg protein); other tumors and spleen had lower levels. Enzyme activity was at the limit of detection in intestine and lung and was below detection in brain, heart, and skeletal muscle. PMID- 6548340 TI - An internal standard for porphyrin analysis. AB - The routine clinical analysis of the porphyrin precursors of heme requires an internal standard to determine the efficiency of the analytical procedure used. 2 Vinyl-4-hydroxymethyldeuteroporphyrin IX has been prepared as an internal standard. Its application to porphyrin analysis has been demonstrated using high performance liquid chromatographic resolution of the uro- to protoporphyrins in normal and porphyric urine. PMID- 6548341 TI - Extraction from fetal bovine serum of erythrotropin, an erythroid cell stimulating factor. AB - A method is described for the rapid preparation of erythrotropin from commercially available fetal bovine serum. It consists of the reversed-phase extraction of fetal bovine serum using octadecylsilyl-silica cartridges followed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Further purification can be achieved by gel-permeation HPLC. Serum erythrotropin coelutes with erythrotropin I from fetal bovine intestine on reversed-phase HPLC. It has a molecular weight and an amino acid composition very similar to those reported for the intestinal erythrotropins. The easy preparation of serum erythrotropin with specific activities higher than commercially available erythropoietin preparations will facilitate the study of the physiological role of this factor in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6548342 TI - [Study of the development of the human knee joint]. AB - By studying a complete series of sections of the human knee joint during the period in which the joint gap develops we have found out that the knee joint contains a high broad septum (the mediastinum genus), in which there are many broad vessels. These vessels feed the cruciate ligament anlages, the meniscus anlages and the cartilagenous models of the adjacent bone anlages. In the human embryo the mediastinum genus splits the knee joint into a lateral and a medial half. Communication between these 2 halves is between the small contact surfaces of the patella and femur anlages. PMID- 6548343 TI - The National Cancer Institute Cooperative Early Lung Cancer Detection Program. Results of the initial screen (prevalence). Early lung cancer detection: Introduction. AB - This introduction provides a description of 3 cooperating studies on Screening for Early Lung Cancer conducted under the auspices of the National Cancer Institute. The next 3 reports detail the unique aspects and results of the individual screening studies. The final presentation summarizes the initial ("prevalence") screening for all 3 centers (approximately 30,000 men), and gives our conclusions. PMID- 6548344 TI - Identical serum proteins and specific bronchoalveolar lavage proteins in the adult human and the rat. AB - Whole unfractionated adult human and rat bronchoalveolar lavages were used for gradient electrophoresis, analytic isoelectric focusing, and immunoelectrophoretic studies, establishing a classification of identical serum proteins and specific lavage proteins. However, only with immunologic methods, using antiserum against bronchoalveolar lavage and serum from each species, were antigens identified that were also common to serum proteins, and to those that were specific for bronchoalveolar lavage. As a result, human bronchoalveolar lavage was classified into 21 identical serum antigens and 8 specific antigens, and for the rat the classification revealed 16 identical serum antigens, and 8 specific lavage antigens. A comparison of several well-established procedures for the preparation of bronchoalveolar lavage antigens showed that the ultrafiltration method produces the greatest number of specific antigens. PMID- 6548345 TI - Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection and possibly venereal transmission. PMID- 6548346 TI - Motility changes associated with large bowel obstruction and its surgical relief. AB - Strain gauges and electrodes to detect intestinal motility were attached to the terminal ileum, right and left sides of the colon in Rhesus monkeys. Baseline recordings were made. An obstruction device was applied to the left colon at a laparotomy. Compromise of the bowel lumen leading to total obstruction occurred at 13 +/- 2 days. As obstruction progressed, contractions decreased in the terminal ileum and right colon but increased in the left colon proximal to the obstruction. Distention wave forms increased in the colon proximal to the obstruction. Visible intestinal movement, borborygmi and signs suggesting colic were accompanied by a motility phenomenon, simultaneous mass actions, not seen in normal unobstructed bowel. The obstructed segment was resected and an anastomosis made. The motility recordings revealed that postoperative ileus persisted for less than 48 hours and motility returned to normal significantly earlier than after a control laparotomy. PMID- 6548347 TI - Acute pseudo-obstruction of the colon. AB - Nineteen patients presenting with pseudo-obstruction of the colon are described. Thirteen were female and the mean age was 65.7 years (48-82). Five cases appeared idiopathic but the remainder were associated with either intercurrent disease, surgery or trauma. Six patients underwent laparotomy, 3 for gross caecal distension and 1 subsequently died with bronchopneumonia. Thirteen patients were treated conservatively with flatus tube decompression or colonoscopy, but 3 died, 1 from a perforated caecum, 1 from a recurrent subarachnoid haemorrhage and 1 from bronchopneumonia. The high mortality of caecal perforation in this condition is stressed, and gross radiological caecal distension with overlying tenderness is an indication for urgent decompression. PMID- 6548348 TI - Evaluation of anti-emetics in association with intrathecal diamorphine. AB - Intrathecal diamorphine is associated with a high incidence of emetic symptoms. Six anti-emetic drugs representing various chemical groups were given in random order to patients undergoing total hip replacement and who had received intrathecal diamorphine 0.5-1.0 mg. The phenothiazines, perphenazine and prochlorperazine, were more effective than the others. It is suggested that this might be a useful model for the evaluation of new anti-emetics. PMID- 6548349 TI - Colorimetric assay for N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in pathological urine using the omega-nitrostyryl substrate: the development of a kit and the comparison of manual procedure with the automated fluorimetric method. AB - This paper describes a comparison of the recently developed substrate 2-methoxy-4 (2'-nitrovinyl)-phenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-gluc opyranoside (MNP-GlcNAc) and the corresponding 4-methylumbelliferyl substrate (4-MU-GlcNAc) for the determination of urinary NAG. A good correlation (r = 0.977) was found between NAG activities in 366 urine samples from renal transplant patients determined by either the fluorimetric method or the colorimetric procedure. The colorimetric method may be used with confidence as an alternative to the fluorimetric assay and does have the advantage that colorimetry is widely used in clinical chemistry laboratories. Sample blanks are not normally required unless there is blood contamination in the urine which can easily be identified visually. The incorporation of the MNP-GlcNAc substrate into a kit suitable for the assay of urinary NAG using a simple battery-operated miniphotometer is also described. The presence of elevated NAG levels in urine can be detected rapidly and this procedure is suitable for routine monitoring of renal patients in the laboratory and may prove to be suitable for use by non-laboratory personnel in clinics or on the ward. PMID- 6548350 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of K-4619, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside. AB - The antibacterial activities of K-4619 (3-de-O-methylsporaricin A sulfate) were compared with those of sporaricin A, amikacin, dibekacin, and gentamicin. K-4619 exhibited a high order of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Its activity against Providencia species and Serratia marcescens was the highest of all drugs tested. K-4619 was highly effective against bacteria that produce various aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes, except for 3-acetyltransferase I. The bactericidal activity of K-4619 was somewhat greater than that of amikacin. The activity of K-4619 against gram-negative bacteria increased at alkaline pH and was hardly affected by inoculum size, addition of horse serum, and composition of the medium. The in vivo protective effect of K-4619 against infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. marcescens, and P. aeruginosa in mice was greater than that of sporaricin A. K 4619 was also active in mice infected with gentamicin- or amikacin-resistant strains bearing some of the aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes. PMID- 6548351 TI - Thymosin beta 11: a peptide from trout liver homologous to thymosin beta 4. AB - A peptide containing 41 amino acid residues has been isolated from trout liver and identified as a member of the beta-thymosin family. Sequence analysis shows it to be 78% homologous to thymosin beta 4, which is the peptide present in the thymus and other tissues of higher vertebrates, including, as reported here, livers of a species of reptile. Thymosin beta 11 appears to replace the more prevalent thymosin beta 4 in at least two species of bony fish, and represents the sixth structurally characterized member of this widely distributed family of peptides. PMID- 6548352 TI - Kinetic studies on the reduction of iron(III)deuteroporphyrin--human serum albumin complex with dithionite ion. AB - The effects of human serum albumin (HSA) on the rate of dithionite reduction of iron(III)deuteroporphyrin (iron(III)Dp) have been investigated in order to further characterize the porphyrin binding site and the changes manifested in this site under various conditions. These studies were performed under pseudo first-order conditions, and in the presence of carbon monoxide as a "trapping agent" for the reduced iron(II)porphyrin. The rate of reduction of the free iron(III)Dp in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 follows second-order kinetics with a rate constant (4.2 X 10(9) M-1 s-1) suggestive of a diffusion-controlled process. A six-orders of magnitude decrease in the rate of reduction was observed with iron(III)Dp was complexed with HSA. This result is consistent with HSA-bound porphyrin being less accessible to the aqueous environment. Additional studies demonstrated that both pH and anions induce various alterations in the complex that are reflected in the rate of reduction of iron(III)porphyrin. PMID- 6548353 TI - Binding of simple carbohydrates and some N-acetyllactosamine-containing oligosaccharides to Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin as followed with a fluorescent indicator ligand. AB - Erythrina cristagalli agglutinin, a dimeric lectin [J.L. Iglesias, et al. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 123, 247-252] was shown by equilibrium dialysis to be bivalent for 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside. Upon binding to the lectin, this ligand showed a difference absorption spectrum with two maxima (at 322 and 336 nm) of equal intensity (delta epsilon = 1.2 X 10(3) M-1 cm-1). A similar spectrum with a comparable value of delta epsilon was obtained with 4-methylumbelliferyl-N acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide. Binding of methyl-alpha-D-galactoside, lactose, and N-acetyllactosamine all produced small but equally intense protein difference spectra with a maximum (delta epsilon = 2.8 X 10(2) M-1 cm-1) at 291.6 nm. Upon binding of N-dansyl-D-galactosamine to the lectin, there was a fivefold increase in fluorescence intensity of this ligand. The association constant for N-dansyl-D galactosamine was caused by a very favorable delta S degree of the dansyl group without affecting the strictly carbohydrate-specific character of binding. N Dansyl-D-galactosamine was employed as a fluorescent indicator ligand in substitution titrations. This involved the use of simple carbohydrates, N acetyllactosamine, and oligosaccharides which occur in the carbohydrate units of N-glycoproteins; the latter were Gal(beta 1----4)GlcNAc(beta 1----2)Man, Gal(beta 1----4)GlcNAc(beta 1----6)Man, and Gal(beta 1----4)GlcNAc(beta 1----6)[Gal(beta 1 ---4)GlcNAc(beta 1----2)]Man. The titrations were performed at two temperatures to determine the thermodynamic parameters. In the series N-acetyl-D galactosamine, methyl-alpha-D-galactoside, and lactose, -delta H degrees increased from 24 to 41 kJ mol-1; it increased further for N-acetyllactosamine and then remained unchanged for the N-acetyllactosamine-containing oligosaccharides (55 +/- 1 kJ mol-1. This indicated that the site specifically accommodated the disaccharide structure with an important contribution of the 2 acetamido group in the penultimate sugar. Beyond this, no additional contacts seemed to be formed. This conclusion also followed from considerations of delta S degrees values which became more unfavorable in the above series (-23 to -101 +/- 4 J mol-1 K-1); the most negative value of delta S degrees was observed with N acetyllactosamine and the three N-acetyllactosamine-containing oligosaccharides. PMID- 6548354 TI - [Bestrabacil: a possible target-oriented anticancer agent]. AB - Bestrabucil, the benzoate of an estradiol-chlorambucil conjugate, was initially developed as a target-oriented anticancer agent for breast cancers with positive estrogen receptors, by conjugating a tumoricidal agent, chlorambucil, to a vehicle, estradiol. Further studies, however, revealed that regardless of the presence of estrogen receptors, bestrabucil selectively accumulates in malignant tumor cells. The unique feature of bestrabucil, selective affinity to tumor cells, was demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies. Significantly larger amounts of 3H-bestrabucil accumulated in malignant cells (3T3-SV40 transformed) than in normal cells (3T3). In vitro inhibition effects of bestrabucil on cell growth was observed only in malignant cells. Selective accumulation of bestrabucil in malignant tumor tissues was also demonstrated in in vivo experiments. After a single oral administration of 100 mg/kg of bestrabucil to female Wistar rats bearing Walker 256 carcinoma, bestrabucil accumulated significantly occurred in tumor tissues with little or no accumulation in normal tissues and blood. Anti-tumor effects and toxicities of bestrabucil and chlorambucil, were compared using Walker 256 carcinoma. Bestrabucil exerted its antitumor effects with little change in leucocyte counts in the peripheral blood, whereas chlorambucil showed significant side effects. Finally, selective accumulation of bestrabucil in malignant tumor tissues, was demonstrated clinically. Tumor specimens obtained during the operation of patients with various types of cancer, 24 hours after oral administration of 100 mg of bestrabucil, contained significantly larger amounts of bestrabucil compared with adjacent normal tissues. Clinical trials of bestrabucil are being carried out at present. Bestrabucil seems to be a promising target-oriented anticancer agent and deserves further investigation. PMID- 6548355 TI - [Preparation of repeatedly and effectively usable L-asparaginase by a chemical modification]. AB - The anti-tumor activity of L-asparaginase (EC. 3.5.1.1.) has been conclusively demonstrated. Its therapeutic application, however, has been hampered by its short clearance time in the circulation and high immunogenicity. In order to solve these problems, polyethylene glycol, a linear synthetic and non-immunogenic polymer, was introduced covalently into the amino groups in the enzyme molecule. Monomethoxypolyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 5000 was activated with cyanuric chloride to obtain activated PEGs [2, 4-bis (O methoxypolyethyleneglycol)-6-chloro-s-triazine]. L-Asparaginase lost its immunoreactivity against its antibodies after the modification of 52 out of 92 amino groups in the molecule. This modified asparaginase retained 11% of its enzymic activity under the physiological condition. When the modified asparaginase was administered in rodents, it diminished the serum asparagine level and its enzymic activity persisted in the circulation 10 to 20 times longer than that of native enzyme. Furthermore, repeated injections of modified asparaginase did not induce any significant anti-asparaginase antibody production. Modified asparaginase showed a superior anti-tumor activity to the native counterpart irrespective of the presence of anti-asparaginase antibodies, when it was tested with murine Gardner lymphoma. This chemical modification should make it possible for the first time to repeatedly and effectively use L asparaginase obtained from a bacterium. PMID- 6548356 TI - Intrabulbar and peribulbar accumulation of dendritic OKT 6-positive cells in alopecia areata. PMID- 6548358 TI - Routine microscopic examination of the urine sediment revisited. PMID- 6548357 TI - Rectal, oral and I.A. administration of etomidate to rats: significant avoidance of hepatic first-pass elimination following rectal administration. AB - The systemic availabilities of the hepatic high-clearance drug etomidate following oral and rectal administration to rats were determined. The mean curve following intra-arterial administration to another group of rats was taken as a reference. The results showed that the mean rectal systemic availabilities calculated according to the AUC method and the deconvolution method were considerably higher (70.1% and 67.6% respectively) as compared to the mean values following oral administration (4.5% and 9.2% respectively). The deconvolution method gave detailed information about the profiles of the rate and cumulative amount of drug absorbed versus time. It showed that the mean maximal rate of absorption was higher and the time at which this occurred was shorter after rectal (5343 micrograms/hr and 0.13 hr) than after oral (600 micrograms/hr and 0.23 hr) administration. Mean blood elimination half-lives following rectal administration (112.6 min) were longer than that after i.a. administration (61.7 min). The mean half-life of 22.8 min after oral administration should be considered as a distribution half-life. The mean clearance following i.a. administration was 35.2 ml/min (142.7 ml/min/kg), which is higher than hepatic bloodflow and indicates extra-hepatic metabolism. It is concluded that there is a substantial avoidance of hepatic first-pass elimination of etomidate following rectal administration to rats. PMID- 6548359 TI - Pulmonary, cardiac, and thyroid involvement in disseminated Pseudallescheria boydii. PMID- 6548360 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis. PMID- 6548361 TI - Nodal angiomatosis: relationship to vascular transformation of lymph nodes. PMID- 6548362 TI - The neuropathology of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - We reviewed the neuropathologic characteristics of 52 cases of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at autopsy. Histologically significant neuropathologic lesions were found in 38 cases. We believed that infection was the predominant pathologic process in 26 cases; occasionally, multiple infectious agents were present. This included Toxoplasma encephalitis (n = 16), fungal abscess (n = 1), tuberculous abscess (n = 1), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (n = 2), cysticercosis (n = 1), and Escherichia coli meningoencephalitis (n = 1). Microglial nodules or perivascular inflammation suggested that encephalitis was the most likely cause in five cases. In two additional cases, a primary demyelinating process that was apparently related to cytomegalovirus was present. Vascular or hypoxic diseases were present in nine cases. The findings included intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 1), subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 2), infarction (n = 2), diffuse hypoxic changes (n = 5), cerebral edema (n = 1), and rare thromboemboli with extravasation of RBCs (n = 1). One case of primary lymphoma was observed. The CNS lesions were the proximate cause of death in 15 patients. The CNS complications of AIDS are varied and often are the major manifestation of the syndrome. PMID- 6548363 TI - Changes in calcium distribution during therapeutic plasmapheresis. AB - Observations of normal persons indicated that there was a net shift of serum calcium from the ionized and protein-bound fractions to the anion-bound fraction when these persons received citrate during donor plasmapheresis. To confirm these findings and to extend them to diseased persons, we measured total, ionized, and ultrafilterable Ca concentrations in 11 patients who were undergoing therapeutic plasmapheresis. Anticoagulation was achieved with anticoagulant citrate dextrose solution. Mean concentrations of total, ionized, and protein-bound Ca decreased, whereas the ultrafilterable and anion-bound fractions increased. Our results suggest that protein-bound Ca may be relatively labile and may help to maintain constant levels of ionized Ca. Also, the observed increase in the anion-bound Ca level with citrate infusion suggests a shift from the protein-bound and ionized Ca fractions to this pool. PMID- 6548364 TI - Status of anatomic pathology data management systems. AB - Criteria are presented for selecting and evaluating anatomic pathology computer systems, along with a definition of critical performance areas. Also included are a review of factors in computer technology and coding of diagnoses that are leading to increasing use of computers in anatomic pathology and a list of current systems, some of which are available commercially. A suggested outline of pathologists' data management requirements to facilitate communication with computer marketing personnel and systems developers, and a classification of anatomic pathology data management systems are also presented. PMID- 6548365 TI - Chordoma. Antibodies to epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen in differential diagnosis. AB - Seven chordomas, chondrosarcomas, and mucinous colorectal carcinomas, five liposarcomas, and five ependymomas were evaluated for the presence of epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by using an immunoperoxidase technique. All of the chordomas and mucinous carcinomas were cytoplasmic EMA positive, while the chondrosarcomas, liposarcomas, and ependymomas were negative. Among the tumors that were studied, only the mucinous carcinomas were positive for CEA. The EMA positivity of a chordoma reflects its epithelial nature and is a valuable aid in making the differential diagnosis between a chordoma and nonepithelial tumors, while the absence of CEA in a chordoma aids in making the distinction between a chordoma and a mucinous carcinoma. PMID- 6548366 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the breast. AB - We saw two cases of pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast, one of which is associated with dermatomyositis. Electron microscopy of appropriately fixed tissue obtained from one tumor confirmed the squamous nature of the polyhedral and spindle-shaped tumor cells. One tumor was assayed for estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins and was found to be lacking both. Test results for mucin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were negative in both tumors. In contrast, a similarly examined case of invasive ductal carcinoma with areas of squamous metaplasia had slightly elevated concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptor proteins, and test results for mucin and CEA were positive. PMID- 6548367 TI - Rhabdoneuroglial heterotopias of the pontine leptomeninges in trisomy 13. AB - An unusual heterotopia of striated skeletal muscle and glial tissue occurred in the pontine meninges of a stillborn male showing feature of trisomy 13 and an Arnold-Chiari malformation. In two other reports of this type of heterotopia, the location and association with trisomy 13 has been the same. An error in tissue differentiation at the pontine flexure is suggested to account for this relationship. PMID- 6548368 TI - Hepatic injury during doxorubicin therapy. AB - Six patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia manifested liver dysfunction related to doxorubicin hydrochloride therapy. Other causes, eg, infection, hepatitis, posttransfusion reaction, and leukemic infiltration were ruled out. There was close correlation between the administration of doxorubicin and the appearance of hepatic dysfunction. Doxorubicin may produce an idiosyncratic reaction and must be considered a drug with potential liver toxicity. PMID- 6548369 TI - Histochemical studies of metaplastic lesions in the human gallbladder. AB - We studied goblet cell metaplasia and pseudopyloric gland metaplasia in 25 surgically removed, paraffin-embedded gallbladder specimens using mucin histochemistry, silver methods for endocrine cells, and the indirect immunoperoxidase method for 12 peptide hormones, secretory component, and lysozyme. Goblet cell metaplasia was closely related to the occurrence of endocrine cells that showed argentaffinity, argyrophilia, or immunoreactive gastrin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, or motilin. Mucosal areas without goblet cell metaplasia were devoid of such endocrine cells. Metaplastic pseudopyloric glands showing lysozyme immunoreactivity were positive for class III mucin with paradoxical concanavalin A staining. Specimens with florid metaplastic lesions revealed a low tendency to form Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses whose cells never showed a metaplastic nature. We compared the pathophysiological significance of metaplastic lesions in the gallbladder with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. PMID- 6548370 TI - The bile duct adenoma. A lesion distinct from Meyenburg complex. AB - We studied 16 cases of bile duct adenomas, lesions that are distinct from Meyenburg complex. The former lesion is made up of small tubular structures with little or no lumen, is usually single and subcapsular, and is unrelated to cystic disease. It must be differentiated from early carcinoma. Of the six cases encountered at surgery, follow-up information was available on two patients. There was no development of carcinoma in any of these cases. PMID- 6548372 TI - Graves' ophthalmopathy. PMID- 6548371 TI - Sex habits, recent disease, and drug use in two groups of Danish male homosexuals. AB - Interviewed to obtain the first quantitative data from Scandinavia on lifestyle factors of possible importance for their health were 259 Danish male homosexuals. The frequency of various sex acts, frequency of change in partner, visits to the United States, sexual contacts with victims of the immune suppression syndrome, education, smoking and drug habits, and recent medical problems were recorded. Of those interviewed, 170 were from the Danish capital, Copenhagen, and 89 were from a smaller provincial town, Aarhus. Sexual habits and most other factors were very similar in men from the two cities. Furthermore, the sex habits of those who had visited a venereal disease clinic were similar to those of the group as a whole except for a frequent change of partners. Our data on level of sexual activity resemble those available for the San Francisco Bay area of 1970. The Copenhagen men, however, had more partners per year, had more sexual contact with U.S. citizens and immune suppression syndrome victims, and more had used nitrite inhalation than the men in Aarhus. The frequency of venereal disease was the same in the two groups, but the Danish cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome all have come from the Copenhagen area. Two of those interviewed have developed AIDS subsequent to homosexual contact with a case of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6548373 TI - Clinical classification of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Identification of risk factors for optic neuropathy. AB - Clinical signs of Graves' ophthalmopathy were correlated with extraocular muscle volumes in 50 patients. Significant correlations were obtained for horizontal, vertical, and total extraocular muscle limitation, as well as periorbital swelling. Proptosis correlated to a lesser extent. Optic nerve involvement was found to be correlated with both total extraocular muscle volume and limitation of ocular motility. From this information, no risk, future risk, and immediate risk categories of disease were defined quantitatively. The results of the study imply that optic nerve involvement is more likely to occur in association with noncompliant, fibrotic muscle than with more supple muscle of the same total volume. PMID- 6548374 TI - Radiation retinopathy after orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Recent reports indicate that orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy is sometimes beneficial, particularly for dysthyroid optic neuropathy, and is not associated with serious complications. We are aware, however, of four patients who were found to have radiation retinopathy after orbital irradiation for Grave's ophthalmopathy. All four patients have decreased central acuity, and three of the four are legally blind in one or both eyes. Computer reconstruction of the dosimetry, based on computed tomography and beam profiles, shows that errors in dosage calculations and radiotherapy technique probably account for the radiation retinopathy in three of the four patients. Radiotherapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy should be administered only by competent radiotherapists who are experienced in the treatment of this disease. Similar errors in dosage calculations and treatment techniques may account for other reports of radiation retinopathy after reportedly safe dosages. PMID- 6548375 TI - Nucleotide sequence determination of guinea-pig casein B mRNA reveals homology with bovine and rat alpha s1 caseins and conservation of the non-coding regions of the mRNA. AB - Nucleotide sequence analysis of cloned guinea-pig casein B cDNA sequences has identified two casein B variants related to the bovine and rat alpha s1 caseins. Amino acid homology was largely confined to the known bovine or predicted rat phosphorylation sites and within the 'signal' precursor sequence. Comparison of the deduced nucleotide sequence of the guinea-pig and rat alpha s1 casein mRNA species showed greater sequence conservation in the non-coding than in the coding regions, suggesting a functional and possibly regulatory role for the non-coding regions of casein mRNA. The results provide insight into the evolution of the casein genes, and raise questions as to the role of conserved nucleotide sequences within the non-coding regions of mRNA species. PMID- 6548376 TI - Animal experiments on the enhancement of fibrinolytic potential by anabolic steroids. AB - In animal experiments the anabolic steroids 4-chloro-17 beta-hydroxy-17 methylandrosta-1,4-dien-3-one and 4-chloro-11 beta-hydroxy-17-methylandrosta-1,4 dien-3-one were tested for their ability to enhance fibrinolysis in comparison to stanozolol. After daily administration of 2 mg/kg for 12 weeks the anabolic steroids were found to enhance spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of blood, fibrinolytic capacity and tissue plasminogen activator activity in the kidneys of rats and rabbits. Concomitantly, the AT III activity of blood increased. PMID- 6548377 TI - A diphenylmethane derivative specific for the antiestrogen binding site found in rat liver microsomes. AB - A new para-diphenylmethyl derivative, N,N-diethyl-2-[(4-phenylmethyl)-phenoxy] ethanamine X HCl (N,N-DPPE) has been synthesized which binds with high affinity to the anti-estrogen binding site found in male rat liver microsomes. However, no evidence of significant interaction with the estrogen receptor can be observed at or below 10 microM in rat uterine cytosols; 10 nM N,N-DPPE fails to significantly induce progesterone receptor in MCF-7 cells. Tamoxifen also binds to anti estrogen binding site but, unlike N,N-DPPE, binds significantly to estrogen receptor at much lower concentrations and induces MCF-7 progesterone receptor. This property of high affinity for anti-estrogen binding site but not for estrogen receptor may make N,N-DPPE an important probe for the study of anti estrogen binding site and its biological relevance. PMID- 6548378 TI - Sarcoid granulomas metabolize 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro. AB - Sarcoid granulomas metabolized 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 to two unidentified metabolites during in vitro incubation. A two-step high pressure liquid chromatography system revealed two unique elution positions of these sarcoid derived metabolites that exactly comigrated with the elution positions of 5(Z)-19 nor-10-oxo-25(OH)D3 and 5(E)-19-nor-10-oxo-25(OH)D3, respectively. These unique metabolites did not bind specifically to a protein receptor for 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6548379 TI - T3 stimulates the synthesis of a specific mRNA in primary hepatocyte culture. AB - The mechanism of triiodothyronine (T3) induction of a thyroid hormone responsive mRNA (mRNAS14) was studied in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. T3 induced mRNAS14 in less than one hour after addition to the cultures. After 24 hours exposure to T3, the level of mRNAS14 was 2.5 to 6 times above the untreated controls. Addition of Actinomycin-D to both induced and control cultures led to similar mRNAS14 disappearance curves, implying that T3 augments the synthesis of mRNAS14 rather than stabilizing pre-formed mature mRNA. Glucagon inhibits the T3 induction of mRNAS14. When added to both induced and control cultures, glucagon leads to similar fractional decay curves for mRNAS14, confirming the Actinomycin D studies. These findings demonstrate T3 induces mRNAS14 directly in the hepatocyte by increasing the synthesis of the mature mRNA. PMID- 6548380 TI - Transport of glutathione by intestinal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - Intestinal brush border membranes prepared from pig jejunum were shown to transport intact reduced glutathione into an osmotically responsive intravesicular space. At early incubation time (under 1 min.) GSH was poorly hydrolysed in its free amino acids. Primarily glutathione uptake was obtained against a concentration gradient (vesicle greater than medium) and was stimulated by Na+. PMID- 6548381 TI - Neurochemical properties of AHR-9377: a novel inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake. AB - A novel potential antidepressant, AHR-9377, was evaluated for its inhibition of norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) reuptake in hypothalmic, cortical, and striatal rat synaptosomal preparations. AHR-9377 was found to be a potent, selective, noncompetitive inhibitor of NE reuptake. In addition, repeated injections of AHR-9377 caused a decrease in the density of beta adrenergic receptors in rat cerebral cortex. Little displacement by AHR-9377 at beta, alpha 1 and alpha 2 adrenergic, histaminergic, muscarinic, GABA-ergic, benzodiazepine of imipramine sites was observed. These pharmacological properties indicate that AHR-9377 may have clinical antidepressant activity with few side effects. PMID- 6548382 TI - Hepatic microsomal oxidation of styrene to 4-hydroxystyrene 7,8-glycol via 4 hydroxystyrene and its 7,8-oxide as short-lived intermediates. PMID- 6548383 TI - Effect of 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate (KCD-232) on triglyceride and fatty acid metabolism in rats. AB - The effects of KCD-232, a new hypolipidemic agent with a structure of 4-(4' chlorobenzyloxy) benzyl nicotinate, on triglyceride (TG) and fatty acid (FA) metabolism were studied in rats. KCD-232 dose-dependently reduced both liver and serum TG levels. From in vivo and in vitro studies, the hypotriglyceridemic action of KCD-232 was shown to be based on the inhibition of hepatic TG synthesis due to both decreased FA synthesis and increased FA oxidation in the liver. Of two metabolites of KCD-232, i.e. 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzoic acid (MII) and nicotinic acid, MII was found to be responsible for the decreased synthesis and increased oxidation of FA in the liver, the latter apparently being due to increased mitochondrial oxidation activated by MII. MII was demonstrated to form a xenobiotic TG in which one fatty acid moiety was substituted by MII and to form a thioester with CoA by rat liver microsomes. This thioester, MII-CoA, inhibited fatty acid syntheses from [14C]acetate, [14C] acetyl-CoA and [14C]malonyl-CoA in cell-free enzyme systems from rat liver both with and without an NADPH-generating system, whereas MII as such showed no effect. MII-CoA were therefore considered to be a chemical entity for the inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis by KCD 232 and was suggested to inhibit fatty acid synthetase directly. PMID- 6548384 TI - Heme metabolism in liver and spleen of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1 nitrosourea (CCNU)-treated rats. AB - The effect of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), an anticancer alkylating agent of the nitrosourea group, on liver and spleen enzymes involved in the control of heme metabolism was studied. A single oral dose of 50 or 100 mg/kg CCNU caused a time-dependent loss in weight of both spleen and liver. Seven days after CCNU treatment (100 mg/kg) the weights were at 45 and 65% of controls respectively. The activity of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S), the rate-limiting enzyme in heme biosynthesis, declined in spleen and liver to 11 and 24% of control values, respectively, 7 days after CCNU treatment. Heme oxygenase activity, the rate-limiting enzyme of heme breakdown, was moderately increased in liver and spleen following CCNU administration. In liver, heme oxygenase activity was 142% of control values at 24 hr, and in spleen the activity was 180% of controls at 1 week. Pretreatment of the animals with phenobarbital (PB) (40 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 4 days caused a reversal in the decline of liver weight with no effect on the decline in spleen weight following CCNU treatment. Similarly, PB pretreatment reversed the decline in hepatic ALA-S activity after CCNU administration but had no effect on the decline in splenic ALA-S activity. This study indicates that CCNU causes significant decreases in the activity of enzymes of heme biosynthesis in spleen and liver. The CCNU hemotoxicity in the liver was reversed by PB pretreatment whereas the splenic hemotoxicity was unchanged. PMID- 6548385 TI - Anthranilic acid metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver: detection and determination of anthranilic acid and its related substances using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. AB - In order to elucidate the anthranilic acid metabolism in animal tissue, the metabolism was studied in the isolated perfused liver of rats. A sensitive and rapid method was devised for determination of anthranilic acid and its related substances using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. 5-Hydroxyanthranilic acid and anthranilamide, which have not been detected in animal tissue, were found in the perfusate and in the bile secreted from the perfused liver, respectively. In addition, a non-enzymatic production of anthranilamide from anthraniloyl glucuronide in the presence of ammonium and bicarbonate ions was also observed. These present results suggest that, apart from undergoing glycine or glucuronide conjugation, anthranilic acid is metabolized to 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid and anthranilamide in the rat liver. PMID- 6548386 TI - (23S)-1,23,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3: its biologic activity and role in 1 alpha,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone biosynthesis. AB - (23S)-1,23,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3 was isolated from bovine kidney homogenates incubated with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by sequential chromatography through one Sephadex LH-20 column and three high-performance liquid chromatography systems. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry confirmed the structural assignment. One high-performance liquid chromatography system separated the R and S epimers of 1,23,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 and indicated that the natural product had the S configuration. Plasma pharmacokinetic studies in rats showed that (23S)-1,23,25-trihydroxy[3H]vitamin D3 was rapidly cleared from plasma (t1/2 = 60 min). 1 alpha,25-Dihydroxy[3H]vitamin D3 26,23-lactone appeared concurrently with the disappearance of (23S)-1,23,25-trihydroxy[3H]vitamin D3. Experiments with radioinert compounds showed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and (23S)-1,23,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 were efficient precursors to 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone both in intact and in nephrectomized rats. (25S)-1,25,26-Trihydroxyvitamin D3, however, was ineffective at raising plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone concentrations. These results confirm the presence of extrarenal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 23(S)-hydroxylase(s) and demonstrate that C-23 hydroxylation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 precedes C-26 hydroxylation in the formation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 26,23-lactone. (23S) 1,23,25-Trihydroxyvitamin D3 had no intestinal calcium absorptive or bone calcium resorptive activity when dosed to vitamin D deficient rats at levels up to 500 ng. C-23 oxidation, therefore, appears to be a physiologic pathway of 1,25 (OH)2D3 metabolism and a major pathway for the deactivation of pharmacologic levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6548388 TI - Cyclosporin A protects liver cells against phalloidin. Potent inhibition of the inward transport of cholate and phallotoxins. AB - Cyclosporin A at concentrations of more than 10 nM protects isolated hepatocytes against the action of phalloidin. Cyclosporin A at 100 nM inhibits the uptake of demethyl[3H]phalloin by 50%, and at 5 microM also that of [14C]cholate. This inhibition is independent of the preincubation period and is not reversed by washing the cells. With a 30-60-fold excess of cyclosporin A, affinity labeling of plasma membrane proteins using 12 microM [3H]isothiocyanatobenzamido cholate was reduced to 40-60% of the control. These findings indicate that transport inhibition by cyclosporin A in liver cells cannot be explained by simple competition on the level of the membrane protein(s) involved. PMID- 6548387 TI - A video image correlation technique for the measurement of electrophoretic mobility. AB - The electrophoretic movement of blood cells has been examined with a video image correlator using the signal from a 625 line monochrome television camera attached to the optical arrangement. The diffraction pattern of a cell produces a characteristic signal which can be detected and registered in any television scan line to form the data of the first image frame. Under the influence of an electric field, cells moved across the television field of view and after a short interval appeared on different scan lines. The detection and registering process was repeated, and a cross-correlation function between the first and second image frame was computed. This function was stored in an output buffer which was continuously updated as fresh functions were integrated with the existing contents. The mean electrophoretic mobility of a suspension of particles can be calculated from the peak position of the integrated correlation function. Using a triangle deconvolution procedure, the relative contributions of subpopulations of lymphocytes prepared from peripheral blood samples were examined. PMID- 6548389 TI - Inhibition of surfactant release from isolated Type II cells by compound 48/80. AB - Release of [3H]phosphatidylcholine from pulmonary Type II epithelial cells was stimulated by terbutaline, forskolin and cytochalasin D. Compound 48/80 inhibited both basal and agonist-stimulated release of [3H]PC. The IC50 for inhibition by compound 48/80 was 1-2 micrograms/ml, and was similar for inhibition of both basal and stimulated release of [3H]phosphatidylcholine. Inhibitory effects of 48/80 were noted following a 1 h exposure to compound 48/80 and persisted up to 3 h. The inhibitory effect of compound 48/80 was entirely reversed by removing compound 48/80 from the external milieu. Compound 48/80 had no effect on cytosolic cyclic AMP levels or lactate dehydrogenase release. Inhibition of surfactant release produced by compound 48/80 was unaffected by changes in extracellular calcium concentrations. Compound 48/80 is a non-toxic inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine release from Type II epithelial cells. PMID- 6548390 TI - [Cortical evoked potentials with a microcomputer as a stimulation and analysis instrument]. PMID- 6548391 TI - Thermodynamics of phospholipid-sucrose interactions. AB - The effect of 0-1.0 M sucrose on the phase-transition properties of 1,2 dipalmitoyl-3-sn-phosphatidylcholine (1,2-DPPC) was examined by high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry at a scan rate of 0.1 K min-1. Increasing the concentration of sucrose caused a small, but experimentally significant, increase in the temperature (Tm) of maximal excess apparent specific heat (Cmax) and in delta T 1/2 (the transition width at 1/2 Cmax), a reduction in Cmax, and a small decrease (approximately 8-10% at 1.0 M sucrose compared with 0 M sucrose) in the calorimetric enthalpy (delta Hcal) of the gel-to-liquid crystalline transition. The calorimetric parameters of the pretransition of 1,2-DPPC were not significantly affected by sucrose in the concentration range examined, except there was a 1.0 degree C increase in the temperature (Tp) of maximal excess apparent specific heat in the presence of 1.0 M sucrose. The results are discussed in terms of the possible molecular mechanisms that could have caused the observed changes and are contrasted with the results obtained by C. -H. Chen et al. (1981, Biophys. J., 36:359-367). PMID- 6548392 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of theophylline following enema and suppository administration in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of theophylline from a commercial oral elixir of theophylline, a rectal suppository of aminophylline, and a rectal enema of theophylline monoethanolamine was compared in six normal subjects. Using a complete crossover design, the fasted subjects received a single dose of each dosage form. Blood and saliva samples were collected at frequent time intervals for 24 h, and the plasma assayed for theophylline by a specific thin-layer chromatography densitometric method. No statistically significant differences existed among the three dosage forms with respect to Cmax and AUC corrected for the elimination rate constant and the dose (mg kg-1). However, tmax was significantly larger for the suppository. While the rate of absorption was significantly slower for the suppository, no differences in the extent of absorption existed among the three dosage forms. A one-compartment open model with apparent first-order absorption adequately described the plasma concentration-time data for the elixir and enema, whereas the suppository data were best fitted by a one-compartment open model with apparent zero-order absorption and a lag time. A rate-limiting, concentration-independent release of drug from the base most likely accounts for the slow absorption of theophylline from the suppository. While the saliva:plasma ratio remained fairly constant for most of the study period, the large variability found during the absorption phase following drug administration limits the usefulness of this parameter as a monitor of theophylline plasma concentrations. PMID- 6548393 TI - [Effect of T-activin on thymus involution in mice]. AB - The effect of T-activin on thymus involution in mice was studied. T-activin in a dose of 1.0 micrograms/mouse was injected into young male (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice weighing 24.0 +/- 2.0 g daily for 20 days. Morphometric analysis of the thymus was made 6 months after the treatment with T-activin was completed. It was found that T-activin induced the suppression of physiological involution of the thymus together with the enhancement of the processes of thymocyte transformation and proliferation. PMID- 6548394 TI - Differentiation of a human monocytic cell line by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol): a morphologic, phenotypic, and functional analysis. AB - Several recent studies have suggested a role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) in myeloid differentiation. We have examined the effects of calcitriol on the U937 monoblast cell line and found that calcitriol, at near physiologic concentrations, is a potent inhibitor of U937 growth. Moreover, calcitriol induces differentiation to a monocyte-macrophage phenotype marked by enhanced alpha-naphthyl esterase staining. Morphologic changes were attended by de novo induction of the myeloid specific antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody AML-2-23, as well as dramatic increases in Fc receptors for IgG. In addition, calcitriol induced U937 cells to perform phagocytosis and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These results indicate the potential activity of calcitriol in myeloid differentiation and additionally suggest a role for calcitriol in monocyte-macrophage activation. PMID- 6548395 TI - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma following Hodgkin's disease. A case report. AB - A 40-year-old male developed 66 months after diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease a non Hodgkin lymphoma of high grade malignancy. Initially he had been treated by irradiation because of Hodgkin's disease PS IIA. After 2 years of remission he had relapsed and had received MOPP and CCNU. After 2 years without any therapy he developed the secondary neoplasm. With increasing frequency of long term survivors late complications, either therapy related or caused by immunologic defects, are observed. PMID- 6548396 TI - Thymic enlargement following chemotherapy. PMID- 6548397 TI - Does a water soluble contrast enema assist in the management of acute large bowel obstruction: a prospective study of 117 cases. AB - We have performed a prospective study on 117 patients in order to assess the value of a single contrast water soluble enema in acute large bowel obstruction. In 99 cases where the plain films suggested a diagnosis of mechanical obstruction, the Diodone enema confirmed its presence in 52, and relocated its site in 11. There was free flow of contrast to the caecum in the remaining 35, 11 of whom were shown to have idiopathic pseudo-obstruction. The plain films suggested a diagnosis of pseudo-obstruction in 18 patients. The Diodone enema confirmed this diagnosis in 15, but revealed an unsuspected mechanical obstruction in two. The examination failed in two cases. We conclude that the water soluble single contrast enema is of value in the management of large bowel obstruction. It will confirm the diagnosis of mechanical obstruction and prevent unnecessary surgery in patients with pseudo-obstruction. PMID- 6548398 TI - Control of sexually transmitted diseases: view from the United States of America. AB - Past sexually transmitted disease (STD) control efforts in the United States of America have generally permitted a timely response to changes in intervention technology, antibiotic resistance, public funding, and media interest. Today, however, the expansion of STD organisms and syndromes at logarithmic rates has taxed our traditional labour intensive control approaches. We describe briefly the history of STD control strategies in the United States, discuss the seven components upon which current efforts are based, and speculate about our future programme initiatives. PMID- 6548399 TI - Effect of intrathecally administered noradrenergic antagonists on nociception in the rat. AB - Recent evidence suggests that some groups of noradrenergic neurons found in the brainstem have axonal connections in the spinal cord dorsal horn and may be involved in the control of pain sensitivity. Such evidence includes the demonstration that intrathecal injection of noradrenergic agonists increases nociceptive threshold (hypoalgesia). The present studies examined whether the descending noradrenergic system is tonically active and, if so, what noradrenergic receptor subtypes mediate the actions of endogenously-released norepinephrine. These studies involved the measurement of nociceptive threshold before and after the intrathecal injection of noradrenergic antagonists having different relative affinities for alpha-noradrenergic receptor subtypes. The intrathecal administration of alpha-noradrenergic antagonists produced a dose dependent decrease in nociceptive threshold (hyperalgesia). This finding is consistent with the proposal that tonically-active bulbospinal noradrenergic neurons modulate the processing of nociceptive information in the spinal cord. The potency and duration of the hyperalgesia was correlated with the relative potency of the antagonists for the alpha-2 noradrenergic receptor. The relative potencies were as follows: yohimbine greater than phentolamine greater than WB 4101 greater than prazosin. Thus, endogenous norepinephrine which is tonically released from bulbospinal axon terminals may interact preferentially with noradrenergic receptors of the alpha-2 type. PMID- 6548400 TI - Effect of spinal cord lesions on convulsive activity induced by intrathecal morphine. AB - Non-specific convulsive behavior induced by intrathecal (IT) morphine microinjection appears to be tonically modulated by centrifugal pathways originating within the brain since the frequency of IT morphine-induced hindlimb seizures and myoclonic twitches are both increased following spinal transection. These effects on convulsant activity are dissociable by selective neural lesions. Bilateral dorsolateral funiculus lesions potentiate seizure activity whereas ventral funiculus lesions and, to a lesser extent, interruption of cerebral cortical influences enhance myoclonic twitch activity. These initial studies indicate that distinct supraspinal centers differentially modulate myoclonic and seizure activity and suggest that an understanding of these systems may have clinical implications for the control of convulsant activity. PMID- 6548401 TI - [Chlamydia and sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6548402 TI - Sexually transmitted disease among homosexuals. PMID- 6548403 TI - Calculated reactivities of potentially carcinogenic intermediates of the cyclopenta-fused isomers of benz[a]anthracene. AB - Delocalization energies have been calculated for carbocations formed from several epoxide intermediates of the cyclopenta-fused isomers of benz[a]anthracene. Except for the epoxides of benz[l]aceanthrylene, the largest calculated delocalization energies associated with the other benzaceanthrylenes result from ring-opening of the epoxide on the cyclopenta-ring yielding an alpha' type carbocation. Benz[l]aceanthrylene exhibits special behavior resulting from steric crowding in the bay-region of the molecule. For this molecule the calculated ease of epoxide ring opening is essentially the same for the bay-region epoxide and for the epoxide on the five-membered ring. Relative values of delocalization energy should provide an important index for ranking the reactivity of metabolites of the benzaceanthrylenes and benzacephenanthrylene that are potentially involved in the initiation of mutagenesis/carcinogenesis. PMID- 6548404 TI - Sulfate as a blocking group in alkali-catalyzed permethylation: an alternative synthesis of 3,4,6-tri-O-methyl-D-glucose. PMID- 6548406 TI - Studies on the synthesis of propyl 4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D galactopyranoside. AB - 2-O-Benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4-O-(chloroacetyl)-, 4-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O benzyl-, and 2-O-benzoyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl chloride were converted into the corresponding 2,2,2-trifluoroethanesulfonates, and these were treated with allyl 2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside, to give allyl 2-O-benzoyl-4-O-[2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-4-O-(chloroacetyl)- beta D-galactopyranosyl]-3,6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (26; 41% yield), allyl 4-O-(4-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-2-O benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (27; 62% yield), and allyl 2-O benzoyl-4-O-(2-O-benzoyl-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D- galactopyranosyl)-3,6-di-O benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (28; 65% yield). All disaccharides were free from their alpha anomers. Disaccharides 26 and 27 were found to be base sensitive, and were de-esterified by KCN in aqueous ethanol, and debenzylated with H2-Pd. Attempts to produce (1----4)-beta-D-galactopyranosides from the coupling of a number of fully esterified D-galactopyranosyl sulfonates to allyl 2,3,6-tri-O-benzoyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside were unsuccessful. PMID- 6548405 TI - 4-O-Acetyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-alpha, beta-D-glucopyranosyl chloride as a glycosyl donor. PMID- 6548407 TI - Synthesis and characterization of propyl O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)-O beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1----4)- alpha-D-galactopyranoside. AB - Allyl 4-O-(4-O-acetyl-2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)- 2-O benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside was O-deallylated to give the 1 hydroxy derivative, and this was converted into the corresponding 1-O-(N phenylcarbamoyl) derivative, treatment of which with dry HCl produced the alpha-D galactopyranosyl chloride. This was converted into the corresponding 2,2,2 trifluoroethanesulfonate, which was coupled to allyl 2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside, to give crystalline allyl 4-O-[4-O-(4-O-acetyl-2-O benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl- beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl beta-D-galactopyran osyl]- 2-O-benzoyl-3,6-di-O-benzyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (15) in 85% yield, no trace of the alpha anomer being found. The trisaccharide derivative 15 was de-esterified with 2% KCN in 95% ethanol, and the product O debenzylated with H2-Pd, to give the unprotected trisaccharide. Alternative sequences are discussed. PMID- 6548408 TI - Synthesis of benzyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-fucopyranosyl-alpha-D galactopyranoside and benzyl 2-acetamido-6-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta- D glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-fucopyranosyl-alpha-D- galactopyranoside. AB - Condensation of benzyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-alpha-D- galactopyranoside with 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-fucopyranosyl bromide in 1:1 nitromethane-benzene, in the presence of powdered mercuric cyanide, afforded benzyl 2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-beta-D- fucopyranosyl)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside (3). Cleavage of the benzylidene group of 3 with hot, 60% aqueous acetic acid afforded diol 4, which, on deacetylation, furnished the disaccharide 5. Condensation of diol 4 with 2-methyl-(3,4,6-tri-O acetyl-1,2-di-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyrano)-[2, 1-d]-2- oxazoline in 1,2 dichloroethane afforded the trisaccharide derivative (7). Deacetylation of 7 with Amberlyst A-26 (OH-) anion-exchange resin in methanol gave the title trisaccharide (8). The structures of 5 and 8 were confirmed by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. PMID- 6548409 TI - Synthesis of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactopyranose and o-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl -alpha-D galactopyranoside. AB - Acetalation of o-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside with p methoxybenzaldehyde-zinc chloride complex afforded the 4,6-O-(p methoxybenzylidene) derivative (1). Acetylation of 1 with pyridine-acetic anhydride gave the crystalline monoacetate (2), the acetal group of which was cleaved by brief treatment with hot, 80% aqueous acetic acid to furnish the diol (3). The 1H-n.m.r. spectra of both 2 and 3 supported their overall structures. Glycosylation of 3 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl bromide (5) in 1:1 nitromethane-benzene, in the presence of mercuric cyanide, afforded the disaccharide derivative (6). O-Deacetylation of 6 in methanolic sodium methoxide gave the title disaccharide (8). A similar glycosylation of benzyl 2 acetamido-3-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside with bromide 5, followed by O-deacetylation of the resulting intermediate, produced disaccharide 9. The structures of 8 and 9 were confirmed by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Hydrogenolysis of the benzyl aglycon of 9 gave the free disaccharide 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-6-O beta-D-galactopyranosyl-D-galactopyranose (13). The 13C-n.m.r. spectrum of 13 is recorded, and discussed in conjunction with those of the beta-(1----3)- and the beta-(1----4)-linked isomers. PMID- 6548410 TI - Synthetic mucin fragments: methyl 3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D galactopyranosyl-beta-D- 3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranosyl- beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactoyranoside. pyranosyl)-beta-D galactopyranoside. AB - Methyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (5) was obtained crystalline by way of its 3-O-allyl derivative, which was in turn obtained by ring-opening of a presumed 3,4-O-stannylene derivative of methyl beta-D-galactopyranoside, followed by benzylation. Condensation of 5 with 2-methyl-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O acetyl-1,2-dideoxy-beta-D-glucopyra no)-[2,1-d]-2-oxazoline in 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid afforded the disaccharide derivative methyl 3-O-(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2, 4,6 tri-O-benzyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (6) Deacetylation of 6 in methanolic sodium methoxide afforded the disaccharide derivative 7, which was acetalated with alpha, alpha-dimethoxytoluene to afford the 4',6'-O-benzylidene acetal (10). Catalytic hydrogenolysis of the benzyl groups of 7 afforded the title disaccharide 8. Glycosylation of 10 with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-alpha-D galactopyranosyl bromide in 1:1 benzene-nitromethane in the presence of mercuric cyanide gave the fully protected trisaccharide derivative 12. Systematic removal of the protecting groups of 12 then furnished the title trisaccharide 14. The structures of 5, 8, and 14 were all confirmed by 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The 13C n.m.r. chemical shifts for methyl alpha- and beta-D-galactopyranoside, and also those of their 3-O-allyl derivatives, are recorded, for the sake of comparison, in conjunction with those of compound 5. PMID- 6548411 TI - Synthesis of a disaccharide component of the capsular polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1. AB - Methyl 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-3-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-uronic acid)-alpha-D-galactopyranoside has been synthesised. The parent disaccharide is a structural element of the capsular polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 1. PMID- 6548412 TI - Synthetic mucin fragments: 3-O-[2-acetamido-4,6-di-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-3-O -(2,3,4,6 tetra-O-acetyl-b-D-galactopyranosyl)-b-D-glucopyranosyl] -2,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-a-D galactopyranosyl bromide and p-nitrophenyl 3-O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-b-D galactopyranosyl-b-D glucopyranosyl)-b-D-galactopyranoside. PMID- 6548413 TI - Lens crystallins and their gene families. PMID- 6548414 TI - Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of interferon-induced gene expression in human cells. AB - Eighteen cDNAs, cloned from interferon-treated T98G neuroblastoma cells, correspond to seven different mRNAs induced up to 40-fold by interferon. One codes for metallothionein II and another for a class I HLA. The others do not code for proteins of known sequence. In the continued presence of interferon, accumulation of the mRNAs continues for about 1 day but ceases whenever interferon is removed. Once induced, the mRNAs are stable. Synthesis of new proteins is not required for induction. The rate of transcription of one of the genes doubles 5 min after treatment with interferon and reaches a maximum by 60 min. This rate begins to fall after 4-6 hr, reaching the uninduced level by 8-12 hr. Since the mRNA continues to accumulate after 8-12 hr, posttranscriptional events must also play a role in increasing its level. PMID- 6548416 TI - [A new look at sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6548415 TI - Early events during the activation of human lymphocytes by the mitogenic monoclonal antibody OKT3. AB - The effects of the mitogenic monoclonal antibody OKT3 on the metabolic changes preceding DNA synthesis during the activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were compared with those induced by PHA. The aspects studied included uridine transport, the incorporation of inositol into phospholipids, Na+ dependent amino acid uptake, and protein synthesis. All four parameters were increased in response to the ligation of the T lymphocyte receptor recognized by OKT3. These changes were apparent as early as the corresponding changes induced by PHA. However, the increases in uridine uptake and inositol incorporation were disproportionately reduced when compared to those caused by PHA, and no evidence of high-dose inhibition was seen in cells activated by OKT3. This suggests that at least some lectin-induced changes in metabolism are mediated through additional mechanisms, probably involving distinct receptors. PMID- 6548417 TI - A comparative fluorescence polarization study of cis-parinaroyl phosphatidylcholine and diphenylhexatriene in membranes containing different amounts of cholesterol. AB - The steady state fluorescence anisotropy (rs) of 1-acyl-2-cis parinaroyl phosphatidylcholine (PnPC) was compared with that of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) in a variety of model- and biological membrane systems. The fluorescence anisotropy of both probes responded similarly to temperature changes and variations in the acyl chain composition in phosphatidylcholine (PC) liposomes. The presence of proteins and cholesterol increased rs for both DPH and PnPC in the biological membranes as compared to the isolated polar membrane lipids. Comparison of DPH and PnPC in dipalmitoyl-PC-liposomes with and without 50 mol% cholesterol, showed at temperatures above the phase transition of pure dipalmitoyl-PC the presence of cholesterol increased the rs-value for DPH strongly, whereas the rs-value for PnPC was much less affected. In the cholesterol-rich erythrocyte membrane as well as in microsomes from Morris hepatoma 7787, which have an increased cholesterol content as compared to normal rat liver microsomes, the rs of DPH was higher than that of PnPC. No large differences between the rs-values of both probes were evident in the normal cholesterol-poor rat liver microsomes. These effects are discussed in terms of structural differences between the probes and variation of cholesterol content. Alterations in the fatty acid composition of PC present in human erythrocyte membranes were introduced with the aid of a PC-specific transfer protein. Fluorescence anisotropy values of both probes hardly changed upon enrichment of the red cell membrane with either dipalmitoyl PC or 1 palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl PC. PMID- 6548418 TI - [Rickettsiosis and chlamydiosis in Hoggar (Republic of Algeria): epidemiological sampling]. AB - The study was made on reservoirs of infections (rodent, sheep, goat, dromedary), vectors (louse) and human-receptors. Examinations were made on smears examined with staining and indirect-fluorescente techniques and on sera examined by complement fixation test. Chlamydia psittaci appears very often in rodent, sheep, goat, dromedary and man. Antibodies against Coxiella burneti were found present in sheep, goat but mainly in dromedary and less than 16 years old boys. Two lice were carrier of Rickettsia prowazeki; Rickettsia mooseri was detected on one louse and one mouse. PMID- 6548419 TI - Studies on the biochemical mechanism of the novel antitumor agent, CI-920. AB - Biochemical studies on a new antitumor antibiotic, CI-920, have been directed toward understanding its mode of action. The most striking effect brought on by CI-920 was a marked inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. L1210 leukemia cells exposed to 10 microM CI-920 exhibited a decreased rate of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis within 45 min, and maximal inhibition occurred within 60 min. The reduction in nucleic acid synthesis was not due to precursor depletion, since ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels in cells exposed to 10 microM CI-920 for 2 h either remained unchanged relative to control cells or were elevated, suggesting a block more directly at the level of nucleotide incorporation. Nevertheless, CI-920 (50 microM) had no effect on DNA or RNA polymerase activity as assessed in permeabilized L1210 cells. However, if viable cells were exposed to 20 microM CI-920 for 1 h prior to permeabilization and then the polymerases assayed in the absence of drug, there was a 60% depression in enzyme activity. The inhibition of RNA polymerase appears to result from an effect on the enzyme rather than the template, since inhibition of RNA polymerase activity in cell-free systems from drug-treated cells could not be restored by addition of excess DNA template. DNA polymerase, however, was at least partially restored by addition of template and therefore was inconclusive in this respect. The data, then, suggest that CI-920 inhibits nucleic acid synthesis directly at the level of nucleotide incorporation, either by direct inhibition of DNA or RNA polymerase or by inactivation of an essential component of these enzyme systems. Since the drug in its parent form did not inhibit nucleic acid synthesis in cell free systems the effects may possibly be mediated through conversion of this agent to another chemical form within viable cells. PMID- 6548420 TI - Phase II study of hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C (FAM) in liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. AB - Twenty-seven patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma were treated with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C (FAM) by hepatic artery infusion (HAI) every 2-3 months for a maximum of eight courses. Median survival for all patients was 22 months. Toxicity was acceptable and consisted in severe myelosuppression (8%), duodenal ulceration (8%), moderate nausea and vomiting (50%), and alopecia (100%). HAI with FAM is feasible and may have an impact on survival. Further studies are needed to determine the role of HAI, which may be of potential benefit to a substantial number of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6548421 TI - 4-Chloro-6-methoxyindole is the precursor of a potent mutagen (4-chloro-6-methoxy 2-hydroxy-1-nitroso-indolin-3-one oxime) that forms during nitrosation of the fava bean (Vicia faba). AB - Fava beans (Vicia faba) upon treatment with nitrite under simulated gastric conditions, form a direct-acting bacterial mutagen, comparable in specific activity to the most potent known mutagens for several strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The precursor of the mutagen was isolated and identified as 4-chloro 6-methoxyindole by u.v., i.r., m.s. and n.m.r. The precursor was dechlorinated with NaBH4 and PdCl2 as the catalyst and the product obtained from this reaction was identified as 6-methoxyindole. Since synthetic 4-chloro-6-methoxyindole was not available, structure activity studies were conducted on substituted indoles. Nitrosation of 4-chloroindole closely follows the results for nitrosation of 4 chloro-6-methoxyindole. The major product of nitrosation of 4-chloroindole is 4 chloro-2-hydroxy-N1-nitroso-indolin-3-one oxime. Thus, it appears that the major nitrosation product of 4-chloroindole and of 4-chloro-6-methoxyindole is a stable alpha-hydroxy N-nitroso compound. This is the first reported case of stable alpha hydroxy N-nitroso compounds. In the presence of N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDD), the alpha-hydroxy N-nitroso compound rearranges to an aromatic diazonium ion which couples with the diamine to form an azo dye. Studies on nitrosation kinetics indicate that the nitrosation of indoles are relatively fast reactions. Both the structural and rate studies give strong support to the hypothesis that intragastric nitrosation of fava beans yield the putative gastric carcinogen in the high-risk area in Colombia. PMID- 6548422 TI - Stability of various alpha-esters of 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methanol in vitro and in vivo. AB - The hydrolytic activities of various rat tissue homogenates on the substrates 1 (N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methylacetate (NNMA), 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino) methylbutyrate (NNMB), 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-methylbenzoate and 1-(N-methyl N-nitrosamino)-methylpivaloate (NNMP) were investigated+. The hydrolytic enzymes of liver and serum showed similar activities toward all investigated compounds, while those of kidney, lung, heart, stomach and forestomach hydrolyzed the various esters differently. Differences in the in vivo elimination of NNMA, NNMB and NNMP from blood could not be found. After 20 s only 10% of the initial concentrations still occurred in blood after i.v. application. PMID- 6548423 TI - New photometric assay for chymotrypsin in stool. AB - In this new photometric assay fecal samples are pretreated with detergent and high concentrations of salts. The subsequent kinetic enzyme determination step involves the chromogenic substrate succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-4-nitroanilide. The sample pretreatment assures a nearly complete solubilization of the formerly particle-bound enzyme, thus permitting determination of the enzyme activity in either the suspension or the supernate after centrifugation. Furthermore this pretreatment enhances the enzyme activity and decreases the Km value. Results by this assay correlate well with those by classical titrimetry and the method is easily adapted to automated systems. PMID- 6548424 TI - Gynecologic care for the lesbian. AB - Lesbians constitute a significant minority in the practice of many gynecologists. No special skills are needed for physicians to care for lesbian patients--he or she need only use the skills needed for the expert care of any patient: knowledge, acceptance, and empathy. PMID- 6548425 TI - Inframeniscal approach for arthroscopic resection of tears of the posterior one third of the medial meniscus. AB - Arthroscopic resection of tears of the posterior third of the medial meniscus may be difficult. Meniscectomy by use of routine portals superior to the meniscus is difficult in knees in which valgus stress does not allow access to the posterior meniscus. The operation may be facilitated by the use of portals inferior to the meniscus. This inframeniscal approach avoids the problem of excessive scuffing, possible medial collateral ligament sprain, and the need for a posterior medial portal. PMID- 6548426 TI - A simple semiquantitative radiometric measurement of antithyroglobulin antibodies in human serum. Comparison with hemagglutination method. AB - A simple solid-phase radiometric assay for the measurement of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgRA) was developed and evaluated. The assay is semiquantitative, and the results were expressed as a ratio between sample versus negative control (normal human serum). In 59 normal subjects, the mean ratio was 0.93 +/- (SD) 0.34. Thyroglobulin antibodies by radiometric assay, by hemagglutination (TgHA), as well as microsomal antibodies by hemagglutination (MCHA) were measured in 41 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (n = 22), adenomatous goiter (n = 10), carcinoma (n = 5), adenoma (n = 4), and in 59 patients without histopathologic diagnosis of thyroid disease. In patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, TgRA, TgHA, and MCHA were positive in 54, 31, and 81% of patients, respectively. 1 patient had positive TgRA with negative MCHA levels, and 2 had negative antibody titers by all methods. Thyrotropin-stimulating hormone levels were elevated (greater than 10 microU/ml) in 17 of these patients. Our results suggest that although the TgRA method is more sensitive than TgHA for detecting thyroglobulin antibodies, its diagnostic sensitivity is not equal to that of MCHA. PMID- 6548427 TI - Intestinal absorption of calcium in greyhounds: the response to intermittent and continuous administration of human synthetic parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 (hPTH 1-34). AB - Long-term studies of gastrointestinal radio-calcium absorption were undertaken in adult greyhounds before and during two treatment regimes with human parathyroid hormone fragment 1-34 (hPTH 1-34). The results were correlated with plasma vitamin D metabolite levels and kinetic indices related to the balance of fluxes of calcium between plasma and the rapidly exchangeable calcium pools of bone. Compared with adult man, results obtained before treatment started showed lower indices of gastrointestinal calcium absorption and considerably higher concentrations of 24-hydroxycalcidiol in the dogs. Daily injections of hPTH 1-34 at 1.7 microgram day-1 kg-1 significantly increased indices of radiocalcium absorption and plasma calcitriol concentrations, while only causing transient calcaemic responses. The individual magnitudes of the calcaemic response correlated positively with indices of radiocalcium retention in the exchangeable pools of bone which in turn correlated positively with 'late-phase' absorption of radiocalcium from the gut. Subcutaneous infusions of hPTH 1-34 at 0.5 microgram day-1 kg-1 to the same dogs were just insufficient to cause hypercalcaemia, but increased plasma calcitriol concentrations. Indices of radiocalcium absorption were not increased. Continuous parathyroid hormone (PTH) infusion is now known to substantially down-regulate renal PTH receptor density, whereas recovery after a brief exposure to PTH occurs within 24 h. It is possible that the differences in response of the gut to the two regimes may in part be related to their differing effects on some PTH receptors. PMID- 6548428 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane in non-insulin dependent diabetes: the chlorpropamide alcohol flush reaction revisited. AB - Levels of immunoreactive 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured in peripheral venous plasma in a group of volunteers and non-insulin dependent diabetic patients (NIDDS). Levels of these eicosanoids were close to the limit of sensitivity of the radioimmunoassays and consequently data are reported as maximal values. Basal plasma levels of 6-oxo PGF1 alpha did not exceed 5 pg/ml in either group and maximal levels of immunoreactive TXB2 were 125 +/- 14 and 128 +/- 8 pg/ml for volunteers and NIDDS respectively. Attempts to elicit peripheral vascular prostacyclin biosynthesis in volunteers by using forearm ischaemia produced no increase in plasma 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha levels. Measurement of the combined plasma levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, 13,14-dihydro-6,15-dioxo-PGF1 alpha and 6-oxo PGE1 indicated that these were also low (less than 5 pg/ml) and that failure to demonstrate increased 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha levels was unlikely to have arisen from metabolism of prostacyclin to one or more of these metabolites. Measurement of 6 oxo-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in peripheral venous plasma before and during chloropropamide alcohol flushing (CPAF) did not provide evidence for a role for these eicosanoids in the etiology of this phenomenon. These findings point to the need for a reappraisal of studies that have described altered plasma levels of 6 oxo-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 in CPAF and other pathophysiological conditions in man. PMID- 6548430 TI - An automated algorithm for radionuclide angiocardiographic quantitation of circulatory shunting. AB - Circulatory shunting may be quantitated by analysis of time-activity curves obtained from radionuclide angiocardiography. A new automated algorithm for performing this analysis is proposed. The algorithm uses mathematical deconvolution techniques to increase the temporal separation of the components of this curve and thereby improves the accuracy of the analysis. The stability of the algorithm to random data errors was assessed by experiments on simulated time activity curves degraded with pseudorandom noise. Excellent performance was obtained on a set of test problems previously used in the literature. The algorithm was used to quantitate left-to-right shunting in patients undergoing radionuclide angiocardiography during cardiac catheterization. A strong correlation (r = 0.96) was found between pulmonary to systemic flow ratios (Qp:Qs) obtained using the algorithm on radionuclide angiocardiographic data and Qp:Qs values obtained by oximetry at cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6548429 TI - Accuracy of serum gentamicin concentration predictions generated by a personal computer software system. AB - Predictions of serum gentamicin concentration and half-life, using a personal computer software system (SIMKIN [simulated kinetics]), were compared for accuracy as increasing amounts of patient-specific data were supplied to the computer. Data for a two-year period were collected for patients of a hospital's pharmacokinetic consultation service; the study group included adults who had at least one serum concentration for which time of last gentamicin dose was recorded. Input variables were age, weight, height, sex, serum creatinine concentration, concomitant drugs and diseases, gentamicin dosage, time of infusion, dosing interval, number of doses on each regimen, and time and reported value of all serum gentamicin concentrations. Individualized dosing regimens were calculated on the basis of literature estimates, and half-life and serum concentrations were then estimated for these regimens and compared with actual values. One or two measured serum concentrations were then added to the input data. The computer-estimated half-lives (obtained from single-point or two-point analysis in different dosage intervals) were compared with the half-lives determined from actual serum concentration data. Gentamicin serum concentrations were similarly compared. The computer's ability to predict subsequent serum concentrations improved in sequence for literature-averaged prediction and single point and multipoint analysis. Accuracy of predicting whether peak concentrations were therapeutic or subtherapeutic and whether trough concentrations were toxic also improved as more patient-specific data were input. SIMKIN appropriately evaluated demographic and laboratory data and adequately predicted gentamicin half-lives and serum concentrations. PMID- 6548431 TI - APL programs for outcome probabilities and confidence limits in sequential binomial trials. AB - For closed sequential binomial sampling plans (including plans for multistage sampling), the probability of reaching each terminal point is calculated. These probabilities are cumulated from "each side" of the plan. Thus, the power function obtainable by defining any (reasonable) acceptance region can be studied. Corresponding to a given outcome of the trial confidence limits can be calculated by an auxiliary program. PMID- 6548432 TI - A microcomputerized case log for surgical residents. PMID- 6548433 TI - [Effect of intrathecal vitamin E on experimental chronic cerebral vasospasm]. PMID- 6548434 TI - [Metabolic imbalances of calcium, phosphorus, nitrogen and magnesium in diabetic patients]. PMID- 6548435 TI - A count-dependent filter for smoothing flow cytometric histograms. AB - An adaptive count-dependent algorithm for smoothing statistically limited histograms has been developed. It considers both the spatial frequency limitations of the measurement system (described by the measurement system point spread function) and the reliability of the measured data (indicated by the effective number of counts influencing each channel of the histogram. Windows for smoothing flow cytometric histograms are derived from an assumed Gaussian-shaped point spread function (PSF) with a constant coefficient of variation. The windows are developed by scaling the variances of the Gaussian functions inversely with the statistical reliability of the data contained in each channel of the measured histogram. The reliability of this data is determined by taking the square root of the number of counts influencing the value tabulated for each channel. Using the algorithm, a smoothed version of the measured histogram may be developed from a linear sum of the products of the individual scaled Gaussian functions and the original measured histogram. Data are presented demonstrating the advantages of count-dependent smoothing over non-count-dependent smoothing using synthesized DNA histograms as a function of sample size. PMID- 6548436 TI - [Stress-induced decrease in body resistance to tumor growth and the prevention of this phenomenon by central inhibitory metabolites]. PMID- 6548437 TI - Distribution of thyroid hormone-responsive translated products in rat liver polysome and postribosomal ribonucleoprotein populations. AB - We investigated the possibility that hypothyroidism, like starvation, leads to a major disaggregation of polyribosomes and redistribution of mRNA to the nonpolysomal mRNA particle (mRNP) pool. The analysis involved the use of a translational assay of hepatic RNA obtained from bound and free polysomes and the subribosomal fractions (mRNP) of euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. Two-dimensional gel electrophoretograms of the in vitro synthesized 35S-labeled proteins revealed distinct protein patterns associated with each subcellular compartment. Of the 18 quantified T3-responsive sequences, the activities of 7 were preferentially associated with bound polysomes, 9 with free polysomes, and 2 with subribosomal mRNP in euthyroid rat livers. No major redistribution occurred in the transition from the euthyroid to the hypothyroid state. The distribution of mRNA activity of 1 T3-responsive sequence, that coding for Spot 14 (mRNAS14), was compared with the distribution of hybridizable mRNA, as determined with the use of a specific cDNA probe. In the euthyroid state, both techniques showed that approximately 70% of the total hepatic mRNAS14 was associated with free polysomes and 30% was associated with subribosomal complexes. A similar distribution was characteristic of the hypothyroid state. These findings demonstrate that T3-responsive sequences are found in all three mRNA compartments and that thyroid hormone action is not typically associated with a redistribution of mRNA among subcellular pools. PMID- 6548438 TI - Differential suppression of the outer and inner zones of the adrenal cortex of the guinea pig. AB - To examine the regulation of the zona fasciculata and the zona reticularis of the guinea pig adrenal cortex, animals were placed on a chronic regimen of dexamethasone. Changes in adrenal zonal weight, cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity, and tissue and serum steroid concentrations were measured after 1 month of dexamethasone administration. With dexamethasone treatment, the weight of the outer zone (glomerulosa/fasciculata) decreased significantly, while the weight of the inner zone (reticularis) did not change. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in mitochondria isolated from the outer zone also declined significantly, while a similar activity in the inner zone did not change. The serum cortisol concentration in response to dexamethasone administration decreased by 85%, as did the concentrations of cortisol and progesterone in the outer zone; the concentration of cortisol in the inner zone decreased by only one third, while the concentration of progesterone did not change. These results in association with previous reports indicate that the zona reticularis of the guinea pig adrenal cortex (in contrast to the zona fasciculata) is not regulated by ACTH in terms of either steroidogenesis or maintenance of cell growth. PMID- 6548439 TI - Extracellular calcium is involved in the mechanism of differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells (M1) induced by 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - We have reported that 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3] suppresses proliferation and induces differentiation of murine myeloid leukemia cells (M1) into macrophages. In the current study, M1 cells were cultured either with 2.0 or 0.15 mM total calcium to examine the effect of calcium on the process of differentiation induced by the vitamin. The 0.15 mM calcium medium greatly enhanced 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3]-induced inhibition of cell growth and suppression of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Addition of Verapamil, a calcium antagonist, to the 2.0 mM calcium medium also elicited similar responses. The absolute number of cells with phagocytic activity induced by 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 was almost identical in media containing either concentration of calcium, and in cultures with or without Verapamil. Culture in the 0.15 mM calcium medium or addition of Verapamil to the 2.0 mM calcium medium did not suppress cell growth nor induce phagocytic activity in the absence of the vitamin. To confirm the preferential effect of calcium on cell growth, M1 cells were pretreated for 3 days with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 in either the 2.0 or 0.15 mM calcium medium. Then the pretreated cells were washed and subcultured in the absence of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3 in either medium. The growth rate was inhibited much more effectively in the subculture with 0.15 mM calcium than with 2.0 mM calcium. These results suggest that the M1 cells' increased requirement of extracellular calcium, caused by the treatment with 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D3, is closely related to cell growth rather than differentiation. PMID- 6548440 TI - Lung surfactant--phospholipids and apoproteins. PMID- 6548441 TI - Structural and ontogenetic relationships of rat lung surfactant apoproteins. AB - Glycoproteins of molecular weights (MW) of 38,000, 32,000, and 26,000 are found in surfactant isolated from rat lungs. These proteins were further examined for their specificity to pulmonary surfactant, structural and metabolic interrelationships, and relation to the ontogenesis of pulmonary surfactant. With ultracentrifugations in salt and sucrose density gradients, a preparation of pulmonary surfactant was isolated from rat lung lavage fluid, which was rich in surfactant lipids (phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol), and contained exclusively the 38,000-, 32,000-, 26,000-, and 10,000- to 12,000-dalton proteins. The 38,000-, 32,000-, and 26,000-dalton proteins are not serum proteins. Using an antiserum specific for the combined 38,000-, 32,000-, and 26,000-dalton proteins and the immunoperoxidase technique, the source of one or more of these three proteins was found to be alveolar epithelial type II cells, the cells involved in the synthesis and secretion of pulmonary surfactant. These proteins, when dissociated from lipids, show considerable self-association and form homopolymers. On isoelectric focusing, these proteins show considerable charge heterogeneity, which, in large part, is due to terminally linked sialic acid residues. Partial proteolysis of these proteins and subsequent analyses of the released polypeptides suggest the existence of large segments of homology between the 38,000-, and 32,000-dalton proteins. The relationship of the 38,000-, and 32,000-dalton proteins with the 26,000-, and 10,000- to 12,000-dalton proteins is not clear as yet. The results of protein analyses of purified tubular myelin and of lamellar bodies suggest that the 26,000-dalton protein may be derived extracellularly, possibly from other surfactant proteins by the action of enzymes present in the alveolar lining layer. We observed no reactivity of the antibody raised against the 38,000-, 32,000-, and 26,000-dalton proteins with the 10,000- to 12,000-dalton protein. The 38,000-, 32,000-, and 26,000-dalton proteins appear during fetal lung maturation at the same gestational time as the surfactant is known to appear, and their combined content increases thereafter in fetal lungs and in amniotic fluid. It appears that the less glycosylated (32,000-dalton protein) of the 38,000- and 32,000-dalton proteins appears first during fetal lung development. PMID- 6548442 TI - "Hydrophobic" surfactant apoproteins and augmentation of phospholipid recycling. AB - A 10,000-11,000 molecular weight apoprotein was isolated from an ethanol-ether extract of rat lung surfactant and purified by silicic acid chromatography. The protein (Apo Et) significantly augmented the uptake of phospholipids in liposomal form by cultured rat granular pneumocytes by a time-dependent process that varied with protein concentration and liposome composition. The protein had no effect on cell viability and showed no phospholipase activity. The mechanism for this augmented phospholipid uptake is not known but could be due to an alteration of physical form of the phospholipids by the protein or to a receptor-mediated uptake of phospholipids. This protein may prove to be a physiologically important regulator of the recycling of lung surfactant phospholipids. PMID- 6548443 TI - Lipid-apolipoprotein interactions in surfactant studied by reassembly. AB - Recent evidence suggests that the structure of tubular myelin, an extracellular form of pulmonary surfactant, is dependent on the interaction of lipids with certain proteins specific for this material and with calcium ions. In order to investigate how protein and calcium may affect the surfactant complex, we studied the composition and properties of reassembly materials formed with a major surfactant apolipoprotein (35,000-38,000 molecular weight) and the principal lipids found in the natural material. We were interested in three questions: 1) Does this apolipoprotein preferentially associate with certain of the lipids in surfactant? 2) What forces are involved in the binding? 3) Does the interaction result in changes in the physical state of the lipid? We found that this apolipoprotein binds phosphatidylcholines that are in a gel phase with much greater affinity than it does phosphatidylcholines that are liquid-crystalline. However, maximum binding does not occur with the pure phosphatidylcholines but rather with mixtures of phosphatidylcholines and 15% phosphatidylglycerol. Calcium ions have no effect on the amount of apolipoprotein that is bound, but they do modify the physical state of the reassembly lipoprotein and the stoichiometry of lipid to protein. These results indicate that the binding of the apolipoprotein to the lipid does not primarily involve ionic bonds. However, apolar interactions, which are influenced by the state of the lamellar phospholipid, appear to be important. Small amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and other glycolipids, which probably disrupt the regularity of a gel-phase lamellar structure when mixed with saturated phosphatidylcholines, may provide binding sites favoring the interaction. Indirect evidence, based on thermodynamic analyses, suggests that phosphatidylcholines may be partially immobilized about the protein in the formation of the complex. This conclusions is reinforced by the preliminary findings obtained from the differential scanning calorimetry of the reassembly materials. PMID- 6548444 TI - The phototoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene in the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum. AB - The effects of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the growth of the green alga Selenastrum capricornutum in three light regimens were examined. In gold fluorescent light, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at 12 mg/liter (48 mumole/liter), benz[a]anthracene (BaA) at 40 mg/liter (175 mumole/liter), anthracene (A) at 40 mg/liter (224 mumole/liter), and 13 metabolites of BaP each at 40 micrograms/liter had no effect on algal growth. In cool-white fluorescent light, 30% inhibition of algal growth occurred with 0.1 mumole/liter BaP, 8.0 mumole/liter BaA, and 40 mumole/liter A. BaP at 0.16 mg/liter (0.64 mumole/liter) totally inhibited growth. BaP concentrations an order of magnitude lower inhibited algal growth in fluorescent blacklight. In cool-white light, 5 of 13 metabolites of BaP (each 40 micrograms/liter) inhibited algal growth: 3,6 quinone; 6-hydroxy; 9-hydroxy; 3-hydroxy; and 1,6-quinone. Based on these results, PAHs and metabolites of BaP are selectively phototoxic to S. capricornutum due to the incident light intensity below 550 nm. PMID- 6548445 TI - Lymphosarcoma within the nasal cavities of an 18-month-old filly. PMID- 6548446 TI - A novel form of the polypeptide PHI isolated in high yield from bovine upper intestine. Relationships to other peptides of the glucagon-secretin family. AB - A novel form of the polypeptide termed PHI (peptide HI with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine amide) has been isolated from bovine upper intestine. This bovine peptide was obtained in a 40 times higher yield than the corresponding polypeptide isolated from porcine intestine. Bovine PHI is, like porcine PHI, composed of 27 amino acid residues. The complete amino acid sequence of the bovine peptide is His-Ala-Asp-Gly-Val-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Ser-Arg-Leu-Leu Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser- Ala- Lys-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Ser-Leu-Ile-NH2. This sequence differs from porcine PHI at position 10 and from human PHI at positions 10, 12 and 27. The amino acid residue exchange between porcine and bovine PHI makes the latter more similar to the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon and the growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF). PMID- 6548447 TI - A new proposal for the primary and secondary structure of the glycan moiety of pseudomurein. Conformational energy calculations on the glycan strands with talosaminuronic acid in 1C conformation and comparison with murein. AB - Using the method of conformational energy calculations, favoured conformations of a pseudomurein sugar strand built up from beta 1,3-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-L-talosaminuronic acid were obtained. Such a completely beta 1,3 linked polysaccharide primary structure, although contrasting with the originally proposed alternating beta 1,3-alpha 1,3-linked structure [Konig, H., Kandler, O., Jensen, M. and Rietschel, E. Th. (1983) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 364, 627 636] would be in agreement with all experimental data hitherto known. Starting from an analysis of favoured conformations of the monosaccharide building blocks and those obtained for disaccharide parts, the favoured helical conformations of the complete polysaccharide chains could be explored. Our completely beta 1,3 linked chain could adopt two types of conformation: extended and hollow; the latter was discarded as unsuitable for cell wall assembly. The extended conformation type was shown to exhibit a remarkable similarity if compared to the secondary structures accessible to murein-type polysaccharide chains. In contrast to the conformations accessible for the beta 1,3-alpha 1,3-linked primary structure, the new hypothetical pseudomurein structure was found to be more extended, possessed a flexible peptide attachment site at every second sugar residue and led to an orientation of consecutive peptide attachment sites analogous to the data known for murein-type chains. From the two possibilities compatible with the experimental data available, the completely beta 1,3-linked sugar strand structure could well be realized in the native pseudomurein network of methanobacteria. In this case the hypothesis for a similar three-dimensional architecture for murein and pseudomurein would be supported. PMID- 6548448 TI - Glucocorticoid-dependent uteroglobin synthesis and uteroglobulin mRNA levels in rabbit lung explants cultured in vitro. AB - In rabbit lung explants cultured in vitro in a synthetic medium, the synthesis of the protein uteroglobin decayed progressively becoming virtually undetectable between 24-48 h of culture. Addition of glucocorticoids to the medium maintained the synthesis of uteroglobin. This glucocorticoid effect was dose-dependent with optima at about 0.1 microM and 1 microM for dexamethasone and cortisol respectively. Estradiol, progesterone, triiodothyronine, insulin or 10% calf serum added to the medium were ineffective in maintaining uteroglobin synthesis. Actinomycin D (10 micrograms/ml) added to the medium inhibited the effect of cortisol on uteroglobin synthesis. After 24 h of culture, both the relative levels of uteroglobin mRNA, measured by molecular hybridization, and uteroglobin synthesis were correlatively higher (up to 10-fold) in glucocorticoid-treated than in control explants. PMID- 6548450 TI - A study of intrathecal, cerebrospinal fluid-to-brain exchange. AB - A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to brain exchange has been postulated for lipid soluble and small molecular substances and has led to nearly 100 attempts per year to produce central effects via intrathecal injections. With few exceptions, however, modern neurological practice has avoided this approach because of its demonstrated ineffectiveness and dangers. The practicability of an intrathecal CSF to brain exchange was tested by cisternal infusions of mock CSF at different infusion pressures that might counteract central nervous system intoxications of systemic origin. Those efforts failed in different test situations with each of three barbiturates. Steady state doses at a selected level of barbiturate anesthesia were the same, whether induced by cisternal infusion or intravenously, and this was true for barbiturates of widely different lipid solubility. The cerebral response to pentylenetetrazol was delayed well beyond its rate of response when introduced intravenously. These results suggested that the bulk clearance rate and venous resorption of CSF were sufficient to prevent significant diffusion of the barbiturate or even mock CSF into the brain following intrathecal injection. Because central effects that follow venous resorption may be confused with direct central effects, many previous clinical reports are questioned. Apparent exceptions to the ineffectiveness of intrathecal therapy, such as spinal anesthesia, were discussed in terms of their special local effects. The relative effectiveness of intrathecal agents should be evaluated by comparing maintenance doses for a given central effect, when produced by both intrathecal and i.v. routes. Previous reports on rates of intrathecal infusion, intracranial pressure relationships, and the relative safety of such infusions were confirmed and extended. PMID- 6548449 TI - Redistribution of carotid artery blood flow by 5-HT: effects of the 5-HT2 receptor antagonists ketanserin and Wal 1307. AB - The study concerned effects of ketanserin and a new 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, Wal 1307, on the responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the porcine common carotid vascular bed. More than 80% of the total carotid blood flow (208 +/- 18 ml; n = 12) bypassed the tissues via arteriovenous anastomoses. Intracarotid infusions of 5-HT (2 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1) reduced the total carotid blood flow by about 50% and arteriovenous anastomotic flow by 85% but extracerebral tissue (nutrient) blood flow more than tripled. The cerebral component did not change. Thus, 5-HT appears to constrict large conducting arteries and arteriovenous anastomoses but dilates arterioles. Ketanserin and Wal 1307 did not affect carotid blood flow distribution but completely blocked the amine-induced reduction of total carotid blood flow. The constriction of arteriovenous anastomoses was only slightly reduced but the 5-HT-induced arteriolar, vasodilation was enhanced. We conclude that vasoconstriction in the main trunk of the carotid artery and, to a smaller degree, in the arteriovenous anastomoses and arterioles, is mediated by mediated by 5-HT2 receptors. The major part of the constriction of arteriovenous anastomoses and arteriolar dilation elicited by 5 HT is, however, not mediated by 5-HT2 receptors. It is argued that these 'atypical' 5-HT receptors may be related to 5-HT1 binding sites. PMID- 6548451 TI - Haemoglobin Warwickshire (beta 5 [A2] Pro----Arg). A possible 'fine tuning' of 2,3-DPG affinity by beta 5 Pro. AB - The blood of a 67-year-old Scotsman who was admitted to hospital with an abdominal carcinoma showed an abnormal red cell lysis in the oxidase channel of the Technicon H6000 analyser. This is seen regularly with Hb C and sometimes with Hb S and on further investigation a new haemoglobin variant--Hb Warwickshire--was found. When the family was examined, other examples were revealed. The haematological parameters were normal. Hb Warwickshire is mildly unstable and whilst in the absence of phosphates its oxygen dissociation does not differ from that of Hb A, a small fall of oxygen affinity is noted when phosphates are present. PMID- 6548452 TI - Rapid reconstitution of a transmembrane protein into supported planar lipid membranes. AB - A procedure for reconstituting a transmembrane protein by the freeze-thaw method into supported planar lipid layers has been developed. A solution containing human glycophorin A was introduced between an alkylated cover glass with lipid layers from soybean phospholipids and a bare glass slide, and was then put in a glass dish which was frozen outside by liquid nitrogen. The lipid layer membranes prepared in this manner have been examined by the binding of both macrophages and wheat germ agglutinin agarose. Macrophages bound more efficiently to the membranes bearing glycophorin A and spread more rapidly than those of the control membranes. PMID- 6548453 TI - A novel radioiodinated high affinity ligand for the D2-dopamine receptor. Characterization of its binding in bovine anterior pituitary membranes. AB - A novel high affinity dopaminergic ligand, N-(p-aminophenethyl)spiroperidol, has been synthesized and radioiodinated to a specific radioactivity of 2175 Ci/mmol. Binding of this ligand to bovine anterior pituitary membranes is: rapid (40-60 min to equilibrium at 25 degrees C) and reversible (t1/2 = 1 h at 25 degrees C); saturable and of high affinity (KD approximately 20 pM) and displays a typical D2 dopaminergic specificity. The ligand, which identifies the same number of receptor sites as other tritiated antagonist ligands, can be used in different tissues and preparations to delineate the characteristics of the D2 receptor. Thus, this high affinity, high specific radioactivity ligand (N-(p-amino-m [125I]iodophenethyl)spiroperidol) represents a tool which until now had not been available for the characterization of the D2-dopamine receptor. PMID- 6548454 TI - [Peripheral K lymphocytes in patients with subacute thyroiditis]. AB - In a previous study, we showed that immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) was markedly increased in the acute phase in patients with subacute thyroiditis (SAT). In order to investigate the immunological abnormalities in SAT, peripheral K lymphocytes in SAT and hyperthyroidism were measured by the plaque-forming technique using sheep-red-blood cells as a target. The effect of the patients' serum on K-cells in normal lymphocytes was also investigated. The percentages of K-cells in 5 patients with SAT in the acute and recovery phases were 2.3 +/- 1.9 (mean +/- S.D.) and 5.3 +/- 2.2%, respectively. The former was significantly lower than the latter (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the value in the acute phase showed a significant decrease against that of the normal controls (7.3 +/- 3.4, n = 14, p less than 0.01). The percentage of K-cells in 16 patients with hyperthyroidism was 2.8 +/- 2.2%, which was also significantly lower than that of the normal controls (p less than 0.05). The degree of inhibition of K-cells in normal lymphocytes by sera from 12 SAT in the acute and recovery phases was 69 +/ 21% and 35 +/- 22%, respectively, which was significantly higher (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively) than that in 12 normal sera (15 +/- 20%). Furthermore, the inhibition was markedly higher in the acute phase than in the recovery (p less than 0.01). The sera from 10 patients with hyperthyroidism also inhibited K-cells of normal lymphocytes (p less than 0.01). It was suggested that in the sera of SAT and hyperthyroidism there is some factor which inhibits K cells. PMID- 6548455 TI - Aspects of the biosynthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6548456 TI - Developmentally regulated plasmalemmal glycoconjugates of the surface and neural ectoderm. AB - The plasmalemmal glycoconjugates of the ectoderm surrounding the rat embryo's caudal neuropore were mapped at the ultrastructural level, using various lectin probes. These included the agglutinins of wheat germ, soybean, Ricinus communis, Lotus tetragonolobus, and Canavalia ensiformis. Each lectin produced a characteristic binding pattern. Comparison of precursor cells of surface ectoderm, neural crest, and neural tube revealed that, even prior to neural tube formation, these three cell types can be distinguished by the sets of lectin receptors they express on their apical plasmalemma. The high density of lectin receptors found at the open neural groove level decreases dramatically during neurulation. Further changes in surface glycoconjugates must occur during neuronal differentiation because sprouting neurons exhibit yet another lectin binding pattern (K.H. Pfenninger, M.-F. Maylie-Pfenninger, L. B. Friedman, and P. Simkowitz, 1984, Dev. Biol. 106, 97-108). These results indicate that the commitment of ectodermal cells to diverging lineages (epidermis, neural crest, and tube) is reflected in their surface carbohydrates and occurs while they are still part of a continuous epithelial sheet. Furthermore, the plasmalemmal glycoconjugates of the ectoderm are developmentally regulated, and particularly dramatic changes in glycoconjugates expression are linked to neurulation. PMID- 6548457 TI - Lectin labeling of sprouting neurons. III. Type-specific glycoconjugates on growth cones of different origin. AB - Ferritin conjugates of various lectins were used to determine the densities of surface carbohydrates on nerve growth cones produced by different classes of neuron. These neurons, from superior cervical and dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum of the fetal rat, were grown as explant cultures, labeled with the probes, and then processed for quantitative electron microscopic analysis. It has been observed that each type of growth cone carries a characteristic set of lectin receptors on its surface, a "surface carbohydrate signature." Neurons derived from the neural tube generally exhibit lower levels of lectin binding sites on their growth cones compared with those derived from the neural crest. However, after neuraminidase treatment, lectin labeling is consistently dense for all growth cone types. These findings suggest (i) that neurons are programmed, possibly at the time of neurulation, to generate high- or low-sialic-acid patterns of surface carbohydrates on their growth cones according to their origin, and (ii) that the specific glycoconjugate pattern found for each type of neuron may be involved in selective cell-cell interactions during nervous system development. PMID- 6548459 TI - Sensitive radioimmunoassay for measurement of circulating peptide YY. AB - A radioimmunoassay with sufficient sensitivity to detect the recently discovered, circulating peptide YY in the majority of healthy adults has been developed. The antiserum to synthetic peptide YY raised in rabbits essentially showed no cross reactivity with bovine or porcine synthetic pancreatic polypeptide, neurotensin, or neuropeptide Y, but cross-reacted to the extent of 0.03% with synthetic peptide HI. The minimum detectable limit of the assay for plasma peptide YY was 20 pg/ml with coefficients of variation less than 16%. The immunoreactivity of peptide YY isolated from healthy adult plasma had a gel-filtration chromatographic profile similar to that of synthetic peptide YY. Fasting levels of peptide YY in plasma from 127 of 137 (92.7%) ostensibly healthy adults were measurable and showed a log-normal distribution. Using the maximum-likelihood estimation method, we calculated the normal range to be 13-178 pg/ml with a geometric mean value of 49 pg/ml. The fasting plasma peptide YY levels showed no significant age or sex dependency. PMID- 6548458 TI - The effect of maternal diabetes on the synthesis and secretion of phosphatidylcholine in fetal and maternal rat lungs in vitro. AB - Incorporation of (methyl-14C)choline into phosphatidylcholine and the release of prelabelled phosphatidylcholine was investigated in vitro using lung slices from pregnant rats and their offspring near term. Tissue from normal, diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic pregnant rats and their offspring was utilized to assess the effects of maternal diabetes on fetal lung maturation. The results show that the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine in fetal/newborn lungs through the cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine pathway was not affected by maternal diabetes. However, secretion of phosphatidylcholine from the lungs of fetuses of diabetic mothers was very much suppressed one day after parturition. Insulin treatment of the diabetic pregnant rats restored secretion of phosphatidylcholine from the fetal/newborn lungs to control values. These results suggest that an impaired secretion of phosphatidylcholine from the lungs of fetuses of diabetic mothers may be partly responsible for the higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome among children of diabetic mothers. The results also revealed some correlation between the secretion of phosphatidylcholine from maternal lungs, maternal serum phospholipids and synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by fetal lungs during late gestation, suggesting a possible relationship between maternal phospholipid metabolism and fetal lung maturation. PMID- 6548460 TI - YAG laser therapy of gastrointestinal tumors. PMID- 6548461 TI - Isolation and characterization of full-length mouse cDNA and genomic clones of 3 methylcholanthrene-inducible cytochrome P1-450 and P3-450. AB - Polysome immuno-adsorption, with immunoglobulin G directed against two 3 methylcholanthrene-induced mouse liver cytochrome P-450 proteins, was used to enrich mRNA from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated C57BL/6N mouse liver. cDNA transcribed from the P-450-enriched mRNA was then cloned into the Okayama-Berg vector. Two cDNA classes were detected upon differential screening of the clone bank with [32P]cDNA derived from 3-methylcholanthrene-induced immuno-enriched versus control mRNA. Several representatives of these two classes were judged to be near full length by comparison with their corresponding mRNA mobilities on denaturing agarose gels. A continuous reading-frame near the 5' end of one cDNA class (P1-450) corresponds to a protein having 15 of 17 residues the same as the published N-terminal sequence of rat P-450c. A continuous reading frame near the 5' end of the other class (P3-450) corresponds exactly to the first 25 amino acids of the published N-terminal sequence of rat P-450d. The P1-450 cDNA is at least 700 bp longer than the P3-450 cDNA. Heteroduplex analysis and Southern blot hybridization demonstrate that these mRNAs share approx. 1100 bp of sequence homology. Genomic P1-450 and P3-450 clones were isolated from a gene library constructed from C57BL/6N mouse liver DNA. By heteroduplex analysis with the corresponding cDNA, the P1-450 gene spans about 6 kb and the P3-450 gene about 7 kb. The intron-exon patterns are very similar, with the second and seventh exons being much larger than the other five. The 3' terminal exon of P1-450 is about 500 bp longer than that of P3-450. These data suggest that both P1-450 and P3-450 have diverged from a common ancestral gene. PMID- 6548462 TI - Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6548463 TI - Which major systems? On which types of computer? PMID- 6548464 TI - Feeding practices of infants and children in rural and urban areas of Himachal Pradesh. PMID- 6548465 TI - Computer programs for calibrating control electrode voltages and for conditioning working electrodes for a neurochemical voltammetry system. AB - Two computer programs are described which are used to set voltages, calibrate the system, and cyclically condition electrodes electrically in an electrochemical system. This voltammetry system is normally used for measurement of monoamines in neurochemical studies. The system uses an Apple II, a potentiostat, and a DAS-5 interface between the two. The calibration program is used to establish the numerical values needed by the DAS-5 interface from the computer to yield desired potentiostat voltages, to calibrate the potentiostat, and to set output voltages of the system to be safe for the electrode and neural tissue before the potentiostat is turned on. Another program is used to condition electrodes as required in some cases to establish discriminably different oxidation potentials for different electroactive compounds (monoamines and ascorbate). PMID- 6548466 TI - An iterative algebraic simulation of renal glomerular dynamics. AB - Current models of renal glomerular dynamics require the solution of multiple differential equations, or utilise network thermodynamics, to describe the changing pattern of transcapillary forces and flows along the length of the glomerular capillary. The iterative algebraic algorithm described here simplifies the simulation considerably. Implemented on a microcomputer, the simulation has a run-time of but a few seconds, while yielding results identical to those described previously. PMID- 6548467 TI - Human sexuality instruction: curricula in osteopathic colleges. PMID- 6548468 TI - Limitations of Zilversmit approach to analysis of precursor-product relationships. AB - Recently, a modification of the Zilversmit method has been used to establish the extent to which a precursor-product relationship exists between the phospholipids of the lamellar bodies (PLlb) and those in the alveolar compartment (PLalv) of the rabbit lung. According to this analysis, if a plot of specific activity (sp act) of PLalv vs. the integral with respect to time of (sp act PLlb-sp act PLalv) results in a straight line, then a presumptive precursor-product relationship exists; the slope of this line will indicate the turnover time of the product compartment. We have established analytically and confirmed numerically that collinearity is, in fact, a poor test of precursor-product relationship. We examine some causes of hysteresis and the direction of hysteresis of this plot for compartmental configurations other than precursor product. Finally, we apply the conclusions of our analysis to some of the published data relating to the relationship between PLlb and PLalv, and we indicate where previous conclusions may now be considered premature. PMID- 6548469 TI - A survey of adverse effects associated with ivermectin use in Louisiana horses. AB - In a survey of 13 Louisiana equine practices, it was determined that 366 of 3,316 horses developed adverse reactions following use of ivermectin, with 3 of the horses having more than 1 reaction. Almost all of the reactions were of minor to moderate concern; however, 1 death was reported. Three hundred and thirty-two (91% of all reactions) were reported as ventral midline pruritus or edema (10% of all doses). Fifteen (0.45%) were transient injection site swelling and/or stiffness. Eleven horses (0.33%) developed limb edema. Eyelid edema was reported in 4 horses (0.12%). Two horses (0.06%) had fever. Rate and depth of respiration was increased in 1 horse (0.03%). One horse (0.03%) became disoriented. Three horses (0.09%) developed signs of colic. One horse (0.03%) died a few minutes after injection, and 1 horse (0.03%) became depressed. The survey covered the period from March to August of 1983. PMID- 6548470 TI - Use of the Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique for predicting the keeping quality of pasteurized milk within 24 hours. AB - The keeping quality (KQ) of pasteurized milk stored at 5 degrees C and 11 degrees C was predicted within 24 h by pre-incubating samples and counting bacteria by the Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique (DEFT). For samples from 5 degrees C storage, 0.03% (w/v) benzalkonium chloride and 0.002% (w/v) crystal violet (final concentration) were added to inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria during pre-incubation. The samples from milk stored at 11 degrees C were pre-incubated without the addition of inhibitors. After pre-incubation there was a satisfactory relationship between the DEFT count and the KQ of milks at both 5 degrees C and 11 degrees C. The DEFT count following pre-incubation correctly classified greater than 80% of pasteurized milks on the basis of KQ. PMID- 6548471 TI - Purification and characterization of a bovine colostrum low molecular weight cysteine proteinase inhibitor. AB - Large amounts of cysteine proteinase inhibitors were found in bovine colostrum. One had a molecular weight of 90,000, and the other a molecular weight of 10,500. The concentrations of both these inhibitors were highest the day after parturition, and were about one-tenth as much on day 7. The lower molecular weight inhibitor was purified by acid treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, CM-Sephadex chromatography and rechromatography on Sephadex G-50. The purified preparation gave a single band on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This inhibitor contained one tryptophanyl residue and one cystinyl residue, and did not contain a free thiol group. Values obtained for its isoelectric point (pI) were 10.0 and 10.3. This material strongly inhibited cathepsin B, cathepsin H, and papain. the higher molecular weight inhibitor was partially purified. It had a pI of 4.2 and inhibited papain, cathepsin H, and cathepsin B. PMID- 6548472 TI - The pyrrolidine alkaloid, 2,5-dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine, inhibits glycoprotein processing. AB - 2,5-Dihydroxymethyl-3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine (DMDP) is a pyrrolidine alkaloid that was isolated from the plant, Lonchocarpus sericeus. In the present study, DMDP was tested as an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing. MDCK cells were infected with influenza virus and the virus was raised in the presence of various amounts of DMDP. The glycoproteins were labeled by the addition of [2-3H]mannose or [1-3H]galactose to the medium. The virus was isolated by differential centrifugation and treated with Pronase to obtain glycopeptides. These glycopeptides were isolated by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-4, then digested with endoglucosaminidase H (Endo H) and rechromatographed on the Bio-Gel P-4 column. In the control virus, more than 70% of the glycopeptides were resistant to Endo H and were previously characterized as complex types of oligosaccharides. The remaining 20-25% are sensitive to Endo H and are of the high-mannose type. However, in the presence of DMDP (250 micrograms/ml), more than 80% of the glycopeptides are susceptible to digestion by Endo H. The oligosaccharide released by this treatment sized like a hexose11-12GlcNAc on a calibrated column of Bio-Gel P-4, and was only slightly susceptible to alpha-mannosidase treatment. This oligosaccharide was also labeled in the glucose moieties by growing the virus in [1-3H]galactose in the presence of DMDP. Following isolation, the oligosaccharide was subjected to complete methylation. Acid hydrolysis of the methylated oligosaccharide gave three methylated glucose derivatives, corresponding to 2,3,4,6-tetramethylglucose, 3,4,6-trimethylglucose, and 2,4,6 trimethylglucose in almost equal amounts. These data indicate that the oligosaccharide is a Glc3Man8-9-GlcNAc and that DMDP inhibits glucosidase I. Similar results were obtained with the cellular glycoproteins. DMDP did not inhibit the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein in MDCK cells, nor did it inhibit virus production as measured by plaque counts or hemagglutination assays. DMDP did cause some inhibition of mannose incorporation into the lipid-linked monosaccharides, but incorporation into lipid-linked oligosaccharides was not greatly affected, and incorporation into protein was stimulated. These results suggest that the pyrrolidine alkaloids are a new class of processing inhibitors. PMID- 6548473 TI - Affinity labeling of the allosteric ADP activation site of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase by 6-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thioadenosine 5' diphosphate. AB - Pig heart NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase is allosterically activated by ADP which reduces the Km of isocitrate. The new ADP analogue 6-(4-bromo-2,3 dioxobutyl)thioadenosine 5'-diphosphate (BDB-TADP) reacts irreversibly with the enzyme at pH 6.1 and 25 degrees C, causing a rapid loss of the ability of ADP to increase the initial velocity of assays conducted at low isocitrate concentrations and a slower inactivation measured using saturating isocitrate concentrations. The rate constant for loss of ADP activation exhibits a nonlinear dependence on BDB-TADP concentration; in the presence of 0.2 mM MnSO4, KI for the reversible enzyme-reagent complex is 0.069 mM with kmax at saturating reagent concentrations equal to 0.031 min-1. For reaction at the site causing overall inactivation, KI for the initial reversible enzyme-reagent complex is estimated to be 0.018 mM with kmax = 0.0083 min-1 in the presence of 0.2 mM MnSO4. Total protection against both reactions is provided by 1 mM ADP plus 0.2 mM MnSO4 or by 0.1 mM ADP plus 0.2 mM MnSO4 plus 0.2 mM isocitrate, but not by NAD, ATP, or ADP plus EDTA. The BDB-TADP thus appears to modify two distinct metal-dependent ADP binding sites. Incubation of isocitrate dehydrogenase with 0.14 mM BDB-[beta 32P]TADP at pH 6.1 in the presence of 0.2 mM MnSO4 results in incorporation of 0.81 mol of reagent/mol of average subunit when the ADP activation is completely lost and the enzyme is 68% inactivated. The time-dependent incorporation is consistent with the postulate that covalent reaction of 0.5 mol of BDB-TADP/mol of average enzyme subunit causes complete loss of ADP activation, while reaction with another 0.5 mol of BDB-TADP would lead to total inactivation. The enzyme is composed of three distinct subunits in the approximate ratio 2 alpha:1 beta:1 gamma. The distribution of BDB-[beta-32P]TADP incorporated into modified enzyme is 63:30:7% for alpha:beta:gamma throughout the course of the reaction. These results indicate the 6-(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thioadenosine 5'-diphosphate functions as an affinity label of two types of potential metal-dependent ADP sites of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and that these allosteric sites are present on two (alpha and beta) of the enzyme's three types of subunits. PMID- 6548474 TI - Molecular cloning of a cDNA for human pyruvate carboxylase. Structural relationship to other biotin-containing carboxylases and regulation of mRNA content in differentiating preadipocytes. AB - An oligonucleotide probe specific for the amino acid sequence at the biotin site in pyruvate carboxylase was used to screen a human liver cDNA library. Nine cDNA clones were isolated and three proved to be pyruvate carboxylase clones based on nucleotide sequencing and Northern blotting. The biotin site amino acid sequence of human pyruvate carboxylase agreed perfectly with that of the sheep enzyme in 14 consecutive positions. The highly conserved amino acid sequence, Ala-Met-Lys Met, found at the biotin site in most biotin-containing carboxylases was also present in human pyruvate carboxylase. The termination codon was located 35 residues 3' to the lysine residue at which the biotin is attached. Therefore, the biotin cofactor is covalently linked near the carboxyl-terminal end of the carboxylase protein. These data are consistent with that observed for other biotin-containing carboxylases and strongly suggests that the genes encoding the biotin-containing carboxylases may have evolved from a common ancestral gene. Northern blotting of mRNA isolated from human, baboon, and rat liver demonstrated that the pyruvate carboxylase mRNA was 4.2 kilobase pairs in length in all species examined. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA isolated from human Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids localized the pyruvate carboxylase gene on the long arm of human chromosome 11. The human cDNA was also used to quantitate pyruvate carboxylase mRNA levels in a differentiating mouse preadipocyte cell line. These data demonstrated that pyruvate carboxylase mRNA content increased 23 fold in 7 days after the onset of differentiation. PMID- 6548475 TI - The ATP-to-oxygen stoichiometries of oxidative phosphorylation by rat liver mitochondria. An analysis of ADP-induced oxygen jumps by linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics. AB - Uncertainty exists as to the proton stoichiometries of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and consequently as to the ATP stoichiometries. In rat liver mitochondria, ADP/O ratios were determined from the total and extra oxygen consumed during ADP-stimulated respiration under conditions of quantitative conversion of ADP to ATP. For succinate, glutamate plus malate, 3 hydroxybutyrate, and 2-oxoglutarate, respectively, ADP/total O was 1.71, 2.71, 2.61, and 3.45. ADP/extra O was 2.03, 3.04, 3.23, and 4.15. The results were interpreted in terms of linear nonequilibrium thermodynamics. It was shown that ADP/extra O = Z/q where Z is the phenomenological stoichiometry and q is the degree of coupling. q was determined from the dependence of respiratory rate on delta Gp, the phosphorylation potential, and was about 0.98 for all substrates. The results were consistent with ideal ATP/O stoichiometries of 2 for succinate, 3 for glutamate plus malate, 3 or 3 1/4 for 3-hydroxybutyrate, and 4 for 2 oxoglutarate. Taking into account the oxidation-reduction free-energy changes measured across Sites 1 + 2 at static head (J.J. Lemasters, R. Grunwald, and R.K. Emaus J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3058-3063), an ideal ATP/O stoichiometry of 3 1/4 for 3 hydroxybutyrate is proposed. The lower ATP/O for glutamate plus malate is then accounted for by proton translocation linked to glutamate/aspartate exchange. The data suggest a new 13-proton scheme of chemiosmotic coupling in which proton stoichiometries are 3 for the F1Fo-ATPase, 1 for the exchange of ATP for ADP and Pi, and 5, 4, and 4 for Sites 1, 2, and 3. PMID- 6548476 TI - Changes in tibiofibular relationships due to growth disturbances after ankle fractures in children. AB - We analyzed the longitudinal growth of the distal tibial and fibular physes and the longitudinal displacement of the distal metaphysis and epiphysis of the fibula relative to the distal metaphysis and epiphysis of the tibia during growth using a roentgenstereophotogrammetric technique in eight children: six with a traumatic growth disturbance in one or both of the distal tibial and distal fibular physes and two with a normal ankle. In the normal ankles the distal fibular metaphysis moved distally in relation to the distal tibial metaphysis and the growth in the distal fibular physis was slower than that in the distal tibial physis. Growth arrest in the distal fibular physis and continued growth in the distal tibial physis resulted in distal displacement of the fibular metaphysis relative to the tibial metaphysis, probably due to traction on the distal ligaments of the fibula or more rapid growth in the proximal fibular physis than in the proximal tibial physis, or both. Valgus deformity of the ankle developed when the growth of the distal tibial physis exceeded the distal sliding of the fibula, as shown by the stereophotogrammetric analyses and orthoroentgenograms. Growth arrest in the distal tibial physis and continued growth in the distal fibular physis resulted in proximal sliding of the fibula, as shown by the roentgenstereophotogrammetric analyses and serial orthoroentgenograms. This mechanism compensated to some extent for the overgrowth of the fibula. Simultaneous growth arrest in both the distal tibial and the distal fibular physis was associated with movement of the distal end of the fibula in a distal direction relative to the tibia, probably due to the more rapid growth in the proximal fibular physis than in the proximal tibial growth plate. Therefore, growth arrest of the distal tibial or fibular physis may result in either proximal or distal sliding of the fibular metaphysis in relation to the tibial metaphysis. Probably growth arrest in the distal fibular physis has a less favorable prognosis than arrest in the distal tibial physis, because after tibial arrest proximal sliding of the fibula may compensate for overgrowth of the fibula better than distal sliding of the fibula can compensate for fibular arrest and overgrowth of the tibia. PMID- 6548477 TI - A new surgical approach to fractures of the lateral tibial plateau. AB - We are reporting on a previously undescribed surgical approach and postoperative protocol for the treatment of fractures of the lateral tibial plateau in which there is a split pattern and depression of the articular surface. In this approach the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus is incised and detached so that the split fragment can be opened like a book. Detachment and incision of the anterior horn minimizes the need to free the lateral meniscus from its tibial attachment. The postoperative protocol includes continuous passive motion followed by non-weight-bearing in a toe-to-groin plaster cast for three months. Our preliminary results have been encouraging, and arthroscopic examination in the seven knees so studied indicated a healed fracture, restoration of the tibial articular surface, and a healed lateral meniscus. PMID- 6548478 TI - Fractionation of human red cell membrane proteins by ion-exchange chromatography in detergent on Mono Q, with special reference to the glucose transporter. AB - The anion exchanger Mono Q has been used for rapid and efficient fractionation of human red cell membrane proteins in the easily removable detergents n-octyl-beta D-glucopyranoside or nonanoyl-N-methylglucamide. In practice the chromatographic resolution of membrane proteins was lower than for water-soluble proteins, perhaps due to protein-protein interactions and microheterogeneity, but several components, or groups of components, separated well upon salt gradient elution. The glucose transporter (or transportase) was eluted early, glycophorins later, and the anion transporter still later. The detergents Berol 185 and the zwitter ionic derivatives of cholate, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1 propanesulphonat e and 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxy-1-propan esulphonate, gave similar chromatographic results but differed in solubilization selectivity. A relatively pure material was also fractionated; viz., a glucose transportase which had been prepared by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Mono Q, in the presence of octyl glucoside, afforded additional purification, which made automatic sequence determination possible for eighteen amino acid residues. The results indicate that two polypeptides were present in about equimolar amounts. PMID- 6548480 TI - Hb-Linkoping (beta 36 Pro----Thr): a new hemoglobin mutant characterized by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Preparative separation of alpha- and beta-chains from a newly identified abnormal hemoglobin has been performed on a new C1/C8 column. Tryptic peptides from the abnormal beta-chain were subjected to peptide mapping on a new C2/C18 column with a reversed-phase system including potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.9) as a hydrophilic ion-pairing reagent. A hydrophobic substitution, beta 36 proline threonine, was evident after amino acid analysis and Edman degradation of the isolated mutant peptide. Replacement of proline as the second amino acid in the C helix represents an important structural change in the alpha 1 beta 2-contact. PMID- 6548479 TI - High-performance and ion-exchange chromatography and chromatofocusing of the human uterine progesterone receptor: its application to the identification of 21 [3H]dehydro Org 2058-labelled receptor. AB - Two independent lines of evidence were used to identify the human uterine progesterone receptor. First, three differently tritiated progestogens (Org 2058, R 5020, progesterone) were used for reversible labelling of the receptor. Secondly, the highly potent affinity label 21-[3H]dehydro Org 2058 was used to label covalently the steroid-specific binding site of the receptor. The labelled cytosols were chromatographed on a Mono Q high-performance anion-exchange column in the absence or presence of a high molar excess of the respective unlabelled competitor steroids. In the case of 21-[3H]dehydro Org 2058, Org 2058 was used as the unlabelled competitor. After elution with a NaCl gradient, the radioactivity was determined in each fraction and the elution profiles (absorption, A at 280 nm; radioactivity, dpm) were superimposed. Free steroid was eluted with the washing buffer. When the NaCl gradient was performed, two peaks of radioactivity were located. The specifically protein-bound radioactivity was eluted at 0.08 M NaCl. Two non-specific steroid-binding entities were eluted at 0.1 and 0.22 M NaCl, the second of which was identified as albumin. The elution profiles of tritiated progesterone, R 5020, Org 2058 and the affinity label 21-dehydro Org 2058 were identical. In a second set of experiments, Org 2058- and 21-dehydro Org 2058-labelled cytosols were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography on a Mono P high-performance chromatofocusing column in the absence or presence of a high molar excess of unlabelled Org 2058. After elution with Polybuffer 74, only one specifically labelled protein (pH 6.4) was detected. When the Mono P purified receptor was submitted to sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two labelled polypeptides with Mr = 45,000 and 27,000 were detectable. PMID- 6548481 TI - An assessment of Langerhans cell quantification in tissue sections. AB - In this paper we look at the regional variation of Langerhans cell (LC) numbers in tissue sections between different sites in the same individual and identical sites in different individuals. We also looked at the reproducibility of identification of LC in tissue sections by their OKT6 reactivity. In this way we could assess the validity of comparative enumeration in random tissue sections. Stepped sections were obtained and stained by the OKT6 method. The slides were projected, the cells counted, and an image analysis system used to measure the length of basement membrane. In this way we could calculate the number of LC per millimeter of basement membrane. Our subjects were six age- and sex-matched volunteers. We found that the number of LC on the trunk was significantly lower than on any of the limbs. However, each individual had significant site variation of LC that was different for each one. This makes direct comparison of individual sections invalid and suggests that the most suitable control, when counting LC in lesional skin, is adjacent normal skin. PMID- 6548482 TI - Acute systemic and coronary hemodynamic and serologic responses to cigarette smoking in long-term smokers with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. AB - Previous studies suggested that cigarette smoking 1) inhibits an increase in coronary blood flow that should occur with increased myocardial oxygen demands, and 2) alters thromboxane and prostacyclin production, causing vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation. In 38 smokers (26 men and 12 women, aged 50 +/- 8 years [mean +/- standard deviation] ) with coronary artery disease, systemic and coronary hemodynamic and serologic variables were measured before and after smoking two cigarettes (in 8 to 10 minutes) (21 patients) or 8 to 10 minutes without smoking (17 patients; control group). No variable changed in the control group. Smoking increased (p less than 0.05) heart rate-systolic pressure product, cardiac output and maximal first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) without significantly changing the coronary sinus concentrations of thromboxane B2 or 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable metabolites of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin, respectively). Smoking did not increase coronary flow in 6 of 11 patients with greater than 70% stenosis of the proximal left anterior descending or circumflex coronary artery, or both, whereas it caused an increase in coronary flow in all 10 patients without proximal stenoses (p = 0.006). To determine if smoking altered the response of coronary flow to increased myocardial oxygen demands, 10 smokers (5 men and 5 women, aged 48 +/- 9 years) underwent atrial pacing for 5 minutes followed 15 minutes later by atrial pacing for 5 minutes during smoking. In the five patients without proximal left coronary artery stenoses, coronary flow increased 26 +/- 29 ml/min with pacing and 45 +/- 21 ml/min with pacing/smoking (p = 0.018).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548483 TI - A total hepatic induction index of metabolism for lipophilic xenobiotics. AB - A model for monitoring the hepatic ability to metabolize lipophilic xenobiotics is proposed. By identifying the behaviour of the mixed-function oxidase system as the rate determining feature of the response, an index can be devised from three independent factors: (i) the rate of the catalyzed reaction at each enzyme site, (ii) the concentration of such enzyme sites per hepatocyte and (iii) the total number of active hepatocytes available. Use of the model was tested by administering an acute oral dose of 1,2-benzanthracene to Sprague-Dawley rats. The above factors were measured in practical terms, these being (i) enzyme activity per time per mg protein, (ii) the concentration of enzyme per unit microsomal protein as well as the concentration of microsomal protein per unit liver weight and (iii) ratio of liver weight to body weight. After statistical analysis, it was found that each factor obeyed a different response curve characterized by a different ratio of growth to decay exponents. The product of these four measurable and physiologically discrete phenomena at any dose is the Total Hepatic Induction index. Together, the parameters that make up our model provide a means for inter- and intra-species comparisons as a response to various chemicals. PMID- 6548484 TI - Computer graphics: buying the right chips. PMID- 6548485 TI - Stabilization of the tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) reaction product: application for retrograde and anterograde tracing, and combination with immunohistochemistry. AB - Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as a substrate for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry is more sensitive than other chromogens. Its instability in aqueous solutions and ethanol, however, has limited its application. We now report a method for stabilizing TMB by incubation in combinations of diaminobenzidine (DAB)/cobalt (Co2+)/H2O2. The stabilized TMB product was unaffected by long-term exposures to ethanol, neutral buffers, and subsequent immunohistochemical staining procedures. A procedure is recommended for optimal stabilization of TMB that affords a sensitivity for demonstrating retrogradely labeled perikarya comparable to standard TMB histochemistry. The physical characteristics of the reaction product make it suitable for combination with the unlabeled antibody, peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical staining procedure. This was established by staining retrogradely labeled neurons in the basal forebrain with a monoclonal antibody against choline acetyltransferase. Because the stabilized TMB product exhibited a superior sensitivity over cobalt ion intensification of the DAB-based reaction product (DAB-Co), it offers a distinct advantage over previously described combination procedures. PMID- 6548486 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of lysozyme and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in the term human placenta: an attempt to characterize the Hofbauer cell. AB - The intracellular localization of lysozyme (LSZ) and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1Ac), glycoproteins associated with macrophages, was used to confirm the monocytic lineage of the Hofbauer cell and to assess the maturity of its macrophage function. The peroxidase-labeled antigen method was used to localize these proteins, as well as immunoglobulins, light chains, and albumin, in Bouin fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 24 normal term placentas. The demonstration of the latter substances was used as an indication of passive diffusion or phagocytosis of serum proteins resulting in intracellular localization unrelated to synthesis. In all the placentas examined a strong cytoplasmic reaction for A1Ac was seen in the Hofbauer cells. The same cells on adjacent sections did not stain for LSZ, while the occasional maternal macrophage and numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the intervillous spaces gave a positive reaction. The detection of A1Ac supports the contention that these cells are macrophages, previously suggested by their phagocytic capability and the demonstration of Fc receptors and nonspecific esterases. Since they do not appear to contain LSZ, a bactericidal enzyme, we propose that these cells are not fully differentiated macrophages, and the lack of this enzyme may have some relevance to the pathogenesis of certain placental infections. PMID- 6548487 TI - Selection of a biologically active mutant of Propionibacterium shermanii and the possibility of its use in complex therapy of enteral dysbacteriosis. AB - A marked, stable mutant of Propionibacterium shermanii T-73, polyresistant to antibiotics, displaying a broad spectrum of antagonistic effect and enhancing synthesis of vitamins B1, B2, B12 and C was obtained. On the basis of the selected mutant, a sour milk product (propioni-acidophilic milk) was prepared and used with good results in complex therapy of intestinal dysbacteriosis in 1148 children aged 4 to 18 months. The administration of propioni-acidophilic milk for a period of 5-12 days led to restoration of the impaired composition of normal microflora and to reconstitution of quantitative relations between the representatives of microbiocoenosis in the distal portions of the large intestine, thus shortening the time of convalescence and rehabilitation of children suffering from acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms of dysbacteriosis. PMID- 6548488 TI - Greater auricular nerve conduction in leprosy. AB - Greater auricular sensory nerve conduction was performed in 18 'control' subjects (36 nerves) and normal values for various parameters were determined. In 10 (16 nerves) of the 12 (24 nerves) leprosy patients in whom similar study was performed, abnormal conduction was found. All the eight thickened nerves and 8 of 16 clinically normal nerves in leprosy patients were found to have electrophysiological abnormalities. The usefulness of this procedure in the diagnosis of leprosy is emphasised. PMID- 6548489 TI - An epidemiological study of leprosy disability in a leprosy endemic rural population of Pondicherry (south India). AB - The disability rate in this study was 16.23%. The highest disability rate of 30.76% was found in those aged 45 years and above. Disabilities were found to be more common among male leprosy patients with a disability rate of 21.05% compared to that of 11.45% found among female leprosy patients. None of the indeterminate leprosy patients showed any disabilities, whereas all the neuritic and lepromatous leprosy cases showed disabilities. The disability rate among tuberculoid leprosy patients and borderline leprosy patients were found to be 3.25% and 35% respectively. Persons whose monthly per capita income was less than Rs. 200/- constituted 93.50% of the cases with disabilities. Anaesthesia of the hand was seen in 67.4% of the cases. The mean disability index (DI-2 type) was 0.927. PMID- 6548490 TI - Study of multiple case families. PMID- 6548491 TI - DNCB contact sensitization in leprosy: its comparison with other CMI tests. AB - 76 Lepromatous, 50 non-lepromatous cases of leprosy and 20 apparently healthy individuals were tested for Dinitrochlorobenzene contact sensitization. Only one lepromatous case and one apparently healthy individual showed negative result. E rosette counts and leucocyte migration inhibition test were performed in 22 lepromatous, 10 non-lepromatous cases and 10 apparently healthy individuals who were all DNCB positive. Of these 2 lepromatous, 8 non-lepromatous cases and all the 10 apparently healthy individuals showed lepromin positivity. Average E rosette counts (percentage) and mean leucocyte migratory index were significantly lower in lepromatous as compared to non-lepromatous cases. PMID- 6548492 TI - A clinical study of eye complications in leprosy. AB - A study was conducted to find out the incidence of ocular complications in leprosy. The ocular lesions were found in 6.6% of lepromatous leprosy and 1.6% in nonlepromatous leprosy. Out of 150 patients with eye lesions 74% were males and 80% belonged to lepromatous leprosy. The age group in all the patients varied from 3rd to 6th decade. Mean duration of leprosy ln lepromatous leprosy was 6.2 years. The important eye complication observed were lagophthalmos (8.1%), corneal ulcers (10%) and iridocyclitis (24%). The loss of eye-brows (76%) was found to be most frequent in this study followed by corneal lesion (62%). It is concluded that examination of eyes are essential in all types of leprosy. PMID- 6548494 TI - Evaluation of the neurotoxicity of dapsone in the mouse model. AB - Effect of DDS was studied using the mouse model. It was observed that DDS did not have any neurotoxic effect. On the contrary it showed a protective action towards the nerve, when administered in the early stages following definite establishment of nerve lesions. PMID- 6548493 TI - A study of ocular complications in leprosy. AB - A total of 380 leprosy patients were studied in four different leprosy hospitals. The involvement of eye was found in 18.95% of cases in which 10.97% in lepromatous leprosy and 8.16% in non-lepromatous leprosy cases. In total cases studied 52.63% were of lepromatous leprosy and 47.37% of non lepromatous leprosy cases. Among them 11.05% were males and 18.95% were females. In 72 cases of ocular involvement, males constituted 80.56% and females 19.44% of cases. Maximum cases (52.78%) of ocular involvement were in leprosy patient with 5 to 10 years of duration. Blindness among the total leprosy patients studied was 1.84% which was mainly due to corneal opacity following exposure keratitis and ulceration, iridocyclitis and its complications. PMID- 6548495 TI - Immunological studies in leprosy. III-Cutaneous response to antigens in spectrum of leprosy. AB - Delayed type of hypersensitivity response was assessed in 65 cases of leprosy of different types, and 18 control using lepromin (Dharmendra) and candida antigens. 0.1 ml of antigen was injected intra-dermally and results were recorded after 48 hours. The induration of 5 mm or more was taken as positive for early (Fernandez) reaction in lepromin test, and also for candida reaction. Both types of tests were positive in decreasing order from tuberculoid to borderline type while negative in borderline lepromatous and lepromatous type. PMID- 6548497 TI - Classification on disabilities as followed by Poona District Leprosy Committee. PMID- 6548496 TI - Thalidomide in lepra reaction (ENL) in lepromatous leprosy patients. AB - Six male bacteriologically highly positive patients of lepromatous leprosy with ENL reaction not adequately controlled by conventional antireaction drugs were put on thalidomide 400 mg per day in four divided doses. Reaction was controlled between 13th to 18th day of therapy. There was no change in the bacteriological status. Liver functions, renal functions and hemogram were normal before therapy and remained unaltered at the end of treatment. Apart from fatigue, drowsiness and occassional constipation, thalidomide had no adverse effect. Control of ENL reaction by thalidomide in these patients is probably due to its immunosuppressive effect, more likely by its stablising action on lysosomes. PMID- 6548498 TI - An approach to leprosy work in south Bombay--a preliminary communication. AB - The city of Bombay with its teeming eight million citizens is characterised by varied types of living pattern in its different parts and the approach to leprosy control work should be flexible to suit these facets of living conditions. Earlier reports (Ganapati and Girija 1979) have indicated the possibility of the successful application of techniques based on mass surveys in North Bombay where people belonging to low socio-economic strata live in somewhat organised slums or shanty towns. However, extreme South Bombay is marked by the paucity of such vast slums and one is struck by the more permanent multistoreyed housing structures. Living in commercial establishments as well as footpath dwelling are common. This presentation consists of an attempt to gauge the leprosy problems in this part of the city taking advantage of 425 patients registered at a leprosy clinic run in conjunction with the dermatology out patient department of a big general hospital over a period of 40 months. 212 cases (50%) hailing from South Bombay proper were the subject matter for analysis. 66% (140) belonged to progressive types of leprosy classifiable as BT through LL and of the Ridley-Jopling classification and 30.7% were bacteriologically positive. 42.9% of the patients had some degree of deformity. Males formed 80% of the sample and 76% were above 15 years of age. Analysis of duration of residence revealed that 68% were living in Bombay for over six years and 53.5% were residing in the city for 11 years or more. This finding is contrary to the expectation of leprosy patients in Bombay belonging to a "floating population". Attempts at field work revealed the following findings: Slum pockets being few (only four), patients were expected to live in residential buildings; but it was found that 25% of population were staying in work places. 17% were footpath dwellers and 18.9% shared their accommodation with people other than family members. 10.4% were domestic servants staying in the residences of their employees. The labour class constituted 50.5% the unemployed housewives group formed 21.7% and beggers 0.9%. 4.2% only were slum dwellers. Locating and examining contacts of patients was difficult as 42.9% could not be traced owing to faulty addresses or patients having changed residences or shifted to native places. Of the 111 patients (52.3%) contacted, 26.4% were living with families and 26.1% were staying alone or with others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6548499 TI - Experiences of identification and differentiation as functions of leprosy, personality and age. AB - It is a study of sociogenic need satisfactions that determines the homeostasis of 'being' by remaining contingent conditions of perpetuation or debasement of the social 'self'. The paper has a focus on identification satisfaction and differentiation experience of patients of the highly stigmatized leprosy. The study proceeds with an 'Experimental Group--Control-Group' randomized design. Experimental Groups are two, viz., those of Lepromatous and Non-lepromatous patients. 'Control Group' consists of 'disease-free' normal people. The three independent variables are disease types, age, personality factors. The dependent variables are two, viz., score of identification satisfaction and differentiation experience, measured by standardized tools. Each dependent variable has four '3 X 3 X 2' factorial experiments to test 56 'Null Hypotheses'. The sample consists of 360 elements for each one of the eight experiments. Leprosy elements are drawn from the Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy and the 'Kushta Seva Sadan' (Agra). The 'F' test is run for statistical verification of 'Null hypotheses'. Results show presence of 'role-reversion' and 'role negation' of age and personality factors. The disease possesses 'anti-roles'. It does not allow age and personality factors to promote identification satisfaction and to demote differentiation and experience. The disease actively promotes differentiation and demotes identification through its own 'alien system'. The senescents are the greatest sufferers. 'Social Stigma' works a 'social thanatos' and exposes senescents to substantial 'self-erosion'. PMID- 6548500 TI - Treatment of leprosy--newer concepts. AB - The latest time bound WHO regimens for the treatment of paucibacillary (I, TT, BT) and multibacillary leprosy is discussed. The rationale, indications of above regimens and cautions necessary are highlighted. PMID- 6548501 TI - Treatment compliance by leprosy out-patients and its monitoring under field condition. AB - The widely experienced poor treatment compliance by leprosy out-patients has interfered with effective leprosy control and contributed to the problem of drug (dapsone) resistance. This paper summarises (1) the pattern of treatment compliance by rural and urban patients in a leprosy hyperendemic area, and (2) various methods to monitor the treatment compliance, especially under field conditions. Two simple methods of monitoring the dapsone intake by patients viz. "Physical verification of DDS tablets with patients" and "paper spot test", when applied together, by a field worker in the field, were found to be operationally very feasible, economical and acceptable; and had good correlation with each other. Thus these methods are recommended to be used on large scale in leprosy control programme. The paper spot test was found to be 98% reliable, when compared with DDS/Cr. ratio estimation. In addition, communities and patients be continuously educated about leprosy and its control; and for the optimal utilization of medical care services by patients, they should be organized in background of the consumers. PMID- 6548502 TI - Non-compliance with treatment. PMID- 6548503 TI - [Effects of environmental factors on human fertilization and embryonic development]. PMID- 6548504 TI - The relevance of experimental otology to clinical work. PMID- 6548505 TI - Learning disabled students and LOGO. PMID- 6548506 TI - Conformation and packing of unsaturated chains in crystals of cholesteryl nervonate at 123 K. AB - At 123 K, cholesterol cis-15-tetracosenoate (cholesteryl nervonate, C51H90O2) is monoclinic, space group P2(1) with a = 12.948(5), b = 8.805(5), c = 42.98(5) A, beta = 105.93(3) degrees, [lambda(CuK alpha) = 1.5418 A], having two independent molecules (A) and (B) in the unit cell. The crystal structure at 123 K has been determined from 6329 reflections with sin theta/lambda less than 0.54 A-1, of which 1990 gave I greater than 2 sigma(I). Structure refinement by Fourier methods and block diagonal least squares gave R = 0.232 for all reflections, R = 0.135 for those with I greater than 2 sigma(I). The crystal structure consists of layers in which there is close packing of cholesteryl groups and the proximal segments of the ester chains. This layer structure occurs also in cholesteryl palmitoleate and the alkanoate esters C9 through C12. Because the nervonate chains are longer, they become aligned in the interface region between layers, but without a regular subcell structure being established. The nervonate (A) chain is almost extended, while the (B)-chain has two bends, one in the saturated region. Both chains have complex dislocations at the cis-double bond. PMID- 6548507 TI - Synthesis of the putative metabolites of plant sterols: (24R)- and (24S)-24 methyl-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrols and 24-ethyl-5 beta cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 xi-tetrol. AB - This report describes the synthesis of (24R)- and (24S)-24-methyl-5 beta cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,25-tetrols and 24-ethyl-5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha,24 xi-tetrol starting from cholic acid. The bile alcohols epimeric at C-24 were resolved by analytical and preparative thin-layer chromatography and characterized by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. These epimeric bile alcohols may be useful for studying the transformation of beta-sitosterol to cholic acid. PMID- 6548508 TI - The use of MUMPS in a departmental computerized clinical data system. AB - The development of clinical data systems is an important task for family medicine academic units and residency programs. A computer system offers family medicine a unique opportunity to achieve its educational, clinical service, and research potential. MUMPS is recommended as a language and operating system. It was designed for medical information systems and is easily adapted to meet multiple needs. PMID- 6548509 TI - Pyruvate metabolism in the brain of young rats intoxicated with organic and inorganic lead. AB - The activities of lipoyl dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase, and levels of lactate were estimated in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem of rats intoxicated acutely with tetraethyl lead and chronically with lead acetate. A significant inhibition of lipoyl dehydrogenase was observed in both groups of animals, whereas transaminase activities were increased in inorganic lead toxicity. Oxidative decarboxylation and anaplerosis of pyruvate was assessed in brain slices using [1-14C]pyruvate. Pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was decreased in both organic and inorganic lead toxicity, whereas labelling of aspartate and alanine was increased in inorganic lead toxicity. In studies in vitro, lead acetate showed a more significant effect than tetraethyl lead. The higher anaerobic metabolism in inorganic lead toxicity, as evidenced by increased anaerobic lactate production by brain slices, could either be an adaptive mechanism or be due to the delayed maturation of brain in the developing rat. Such a mechanism does not occur in acute organic lead toxicity, as the compound brings about massive and rapid degenerative changes in brain, resulting in convulsive seizures and death of the animals. PMID- 6548510 TI - Autophosphorylation of calmodulin-kinase II in synaptic junctions modulates endogenous kinase activity. AB - Previous studies have purified from brain a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (designated CaM-kinase II) that phosphorylates synapsin I, a synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoprotein. CaM-kinase II is composed of a major Mr 50K polypeptide and a minor Mr 60K polypeptide; both bind calmodulin and are phosphorylated in a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent manner. Recent studies have demonstrated that the 50K component of CaM-kinase II and the major postsynaptic density protein (mPSDp) in brain synaptic junctions (SJs) are virtually identical and that the CaM-kinase II and SJ 60K polypeptides are highly related. In the present study the photoaffinity analog [alpha-32P]8-azido-ATP was used to demonstrate that the 60K and 50K polypeptides of SJ-associated CaM-kinase II each bind ATP in the presence of Ca2+ plus calmodulin. This result is consistent with the observation that these proteins are phosphorylated in a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent manner. Experiments using 32P-labeled peptides obtained by limited proteolysis of 60K and 50K polypeptides from SJs demonstrated that within each kinase polypeptide the same peptide regions contain both autophosphorylation and 125I-calmodulin binding sites. These results suggested that the autophosphorylation of CaM-kinase II could regulate its capacity to bind calmodulin and, thus, its capacity to phosphorylate substrate proteins. By using 125I-calmodulin overlay techniques and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis we found that phosphorylated 50K and 60K CaM-kinase II polypeptides bound more calmodulin (50-70%) than did unphosphorylated kinase polypeptides. Levels of in vitro CaM-kinase II activity in SJs were measured by phosphorylation of exogenous synapsin I. SJs containing highly phosphorylated CaM kinase II displayed greater activity in phosphorylating synapsin I (300% at 15 nM calmodulin) relative to control SJs that contained unphosphorylated CaM-kinase II. The CaM-kinase II activity in phosphorylated SJs was indistinguishable from control SJs at saturating calmodulin concentrations (300-1,000 nM). These findings show that the degree of autophosphorylation of CaM-kinase II in brain SJs modulates its in vitro activity at low and possibly physiological calmodulin concentrations; such a process may represent a mechanism of regulating this kinase's activity at CNS synapses in situ. PMID- 6548511 TI - Distribution of different fibre types in human skeletal muscles. A statistical and computational study of the fibre type arrangement in m. vastus lateralis of young, healthy males. AB - To test whether the arrangement of fibre types in the human muscle (m. vastus lateralis) from clinically healthy and young males can be regarded as random, fascicles at different parts of the muscle and with different fibre type proportions were studied. The randomness of the arrangement of fibre types was assessed by the number of enclosed fibres in a fascicle and, on the basis of a model, tested by simulating muscle cross-sections using a microcomputer. The fibre type proportion was found to vary within a fascicle, so the original model for the test of randomness was modified to allow for different fibre type proportions on the border of the fascicle and internally. The effect of different sizes of the fibre types was also considered. The various aspects considered had only a marginal effect on the original model. For this muscle (m. vastus lateralis) the arrangement of fibre types was therefore considered random. Thus, a sample from this muscle, taken from individuals of the same sex and age group, can be tested for non-randomness, as an indication of a successive denervation and reinnervation process. PMID- 6548512 TI - Theory of shape-invariant imaging systems. AB - The human visual system exhibits two properties that may be useful in other pattern-recognition systems: images do not change their shape with changes in image size and resolution declines rapidly with distance from the center of fixation. We show here that, in general, shape invariance requires inhomogeneous resolution over image space in a manner similar to that of the human visual system. Thus shape-invariant systems must process less information when compared with uniform-resolution systems. Although shape-invariant systems can be rotationally invariant, they cannot, in general, be translationally invariant. The properties of shape-invariant systems are explored in the spatial-frequency domain using a modified Fourier transform called a scaled transform. The features of scaled transforms are discussed and their behavior illustrated in the image domain by using them to filter various images, including the dot, the line, and the edge. It is shown that the filtered profile of an edge is preserved when it passes through the origin of a scaled transform. This result suggests that scaled transforms may be useful in edge-detection algorithms. PMID- 6548513 TI - In vitro contact stress distribution on the femoral condyles. AB - Contact stress distributions were measured across the tibiofemoral joints of 11 fresh-frozen normal cadaver specimens. Local stress magnitudes were sensed by arrays of miniature piezoresistive transducers inset superficially in the cartilage of the femoral condyles. Knee joints were tested at 0, 10, 20, and 30 degrees of flexion and later retested at 0 degrees following medial and dual meniscectomies. For the intact joint, both the spatial mean and peak local contact stresses rose approximately linearly with the joint resultant, reaching levels of 2.6 and 8.0 MPa, respectively, at 3 kN of applied loading. Flexion angle variations in the range studied failed to cause significant changes in the major contact parameters. Although meniscectomies involved contact area reductions and consequent stress increases, such effects were more moderate than results previously seen for static loading of the tibial plateau. PMID- 6548514 TI - A system to measure the forces and moments at the knee and hip during level walking. AB - The forces and moments in the sagittal plane at the knee and hip were calculated using gait data collected during level walking. Accelerations were measured by accelerometers attached to the legs, and the force reactions at the foot were measured by a force plate. The recorded accelerations and the foot forces were used to determine the joint reactions through a Newtonian formulation modeling the leg as articulated, rigid links. Twelve normal subjects were included in this study along with nine lower limb amputees. Obvious differences were observed when comparing amputee data to normal data both at the knee and hip. Gait data obtained by this system can be readily used to form criteria for objective gait analysis and improved prosthesis design. PMID- 6548515 TI - The binding of peroxidase-labelled lectins to human breast epithelium. II--The reactivity of breast carcinomas to wheat germ agglutinin. AB - The binding of peroxidase-labelled wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to a series of 125 human breast carcinomas has been studied. Routine fixation and processing has been shown to have no deleterious effect on reactivity. In contrast to the homogeneous binding of WGA to normal and hyperplastic human breast previously reported, the binding of WGA to breast carcinomas exhibits heterogeneity. This is of two forms: (1) in relation to cell reactivity, which is significantly correlated to tumour differentiation, with fewer cells reacting in those carcinomas showing loss of histological differentiation; (2) with regard to the interaction between WGA and specific saccharides of cellular glycan-components, binding to sialic acid appearing to be of significance to varying degrees in some carcinomas but not in others nor, as previously reported, in normal breast. The alteration in WGA-saccharide interaction is an indicator of the heterogeneity of the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins within neoplastic cells of the same tumour and between carcinomas. The other finding of note has been that of the significant association between heterogeneity of cellular reactivity to WGA and the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis, but a lack of correlation between virtual absence of reactivity and nodal metastasis. PMID- 6548516 TI - Alterations of hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase, heme oxygenase, microsomal cytochrome content and drug metabolism in rats bearing ascitic tumors AH 13, AH 66 and AH 414 and a 3-methylcholanthrene induced tumor. AB - Hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities, cytochrome content, delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase and heme oxygenase activities were studied in rats bearing ascitic tumors AH 13, AH 66 and AH 414 and a primary, 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-induced, tumor. Hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and cytochrome content were decreased in rats transplanted intraperitoneally with 1-2 x 10(6) cells of ascitic tumor cell lines AH 13, AH 66 and AH 414. The extent of the decrease of the microsomal cytochrome content and enzyme activities were dependent on the tumor-bearing periods after inoculation. Hepatic microsomal heme oxygenase activity was significantly increased concurrently with the decrease of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and cytochrome content. Hepatic ALA synthetase was not changed appreciably in these tumor-bearing rats. Similar alterations of microsomal enzyme content and activities were observed in the livers of rats transplanted subcutaneously with AH 66 tumor cells and in rats bearing a primary tumor initiated by the subcutaneous injection of 3-MC. When the tumor was surgically removed from the rats bearing AH 66 subcutaneously, these hepatic microsomal parameters returned to normal levels. Microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and cytochrome content in these ascitic tumor cells were found to be at very low levels. From these results, if appears that there is an inverse relationship between the increase of microsomal heme oxygenase activity and the decrease of cytochrome P 450 and b5 as well as drug-metabolizing enzymes in the liver of tumor bearing rats. PMID- 6548517 TI - [Studies on anti-ulcerogenic protein in inflamed rabbit skin tissues. III. Anti ulcerogenic peptide (Gly-Ser-His-Lys) obtained from tissues infected with vaccinia virus]. PMID- 6548518 TI - Phenytoin prodrugs IV: Hydrolysis of various 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenytoin esters. AB - The aqueous chemical stability of various bioreversible derivatives or prodrugs of phenytoin, a poorly water-soluble and erratically absorbed drug after both oral and intramuscular parenteral dosing, were evaluated. This study, together with assessments of other physiochemical properties including cleavage in the presence of various animal tissues and anticonvulsant activity in mice, helped identify a number of promising candidate prodrugs. Various amino groups containing acyl esters of 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenytoin [3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5 diphenylhydantoin] were identified as potential orally and perhaps parenterally useful prodrugs, while the disodium phosphate ester of 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenytoin appears to be ideally suited as a parenteral form of phenytoin. PMID- 6548519 TI - Phenytoin prodrugs V: In vivo evaluation of some water-soluble phenytoin prodrugs in dogs. AB - Phenytoin bioavailability was evaluated in beagle dogs after oral and intravenous administrations of sodium phenytoin and two amino acyl esters and a disodium phosphate ester of 3-(hydroxymethyl)phenytoin (three prodrugs of phenytoin). Phenytoin displayed nonlinear pharmacokinetics in the dogs, complicating the determination of the absolute bioavailability of phenytoin from sodium phenytoin and the prodrugs. All three prodrugs essentially released phenytoin after intravenous administration in a quantitative manner, and all gave plasma levels of phenytoin after oral administration greater than those found after administration of sodium phenytoin. Based on the behavior in dogs and the earlier determination of the physicochemical properties of the prodrugs, it was concluded that one of the amino acyl esters, 3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin N,N dimethylglycine ester methanesulfonate, would be the most useful prodrug for oral administration, while 3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin disodium phosphate ester would be the most useful for parenteral administration. PMID- 6548520 TI - Phenytoin prodrugs VI: In vivo evaluation of a phosphate ester prodrug of phenytoin after parenteral administration to rats. AB - Tissue damage caused by subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of three phenytoin prodrugs to rats was assessed. Since two of the prodrugs caused significant irritation, only 3-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-diphenylhydantoin disodium phosphate ester might be useful as a nonirritant phenytoin prodrug suitable for parenteral administration. To confirm the release of phenytoin from this prodrug, phenytoin availability after intramuscular and intravenous administrations of the phosphate prodrug was evaluated in rats and compared with sodium phenytoin. The prodrug quantitatively released phenytoin after intravenous administration, and phenytoin levels from intramuscular administration of the prodrug were far superior to those generated from similarly administered sodium phenytoin. Based on this and earlier studies, it was concluded that this prodrug should be further assessed as a parenteral form of phenytoin. PMID- 6548521 TI - Studies on the formation of electrostatic complexes between benzethonium chloride and anionic polymers. AB - The chemistry of a mixture of benzethonium chloride and a copolymer of methoxyethylene-maleic anhydride was investigated. This mixture was of interest because it was effective in reducing dental plaque, calculus, and gingival inflammation in vivo. Evidence from dialysis, pH measurements, and stoichiometry demonstrated that the benzethonium cation and the anion of the hydrolyzed copolymer formed an electrostatic complex. An emulsion was produced when a stoichiometric excess of either component was present, but this mixture coacervated at stoichiometric quantities. The stability of the complex was pH dependent, and it did not form in 50% acetone. The complex was decomposed by simulated saliva, mainly due to calcium and magnesium ions, but was unaffected by salivary proteins. Other anionic polymers also formed this type of complex. PMID- 6548522 TI - Potential antitumor agents X: Synthesis and antitumor activity of two nitrogen mustard derivatives related to ketocaine. AB - The synthesis of two nitrogen mustard derivatives (VIII and IX) related to the well-known local anesthetic ketocaine (III) is reported. These compounds were tested in mice implanted with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, and the antitumor activity was compared with that of two previously synthesized analogues (I and II) lacking the nitro group and with that of doxorubicin. The monofunctional compound IX was inactive, but the bifunctional compound VIII showed potent antitumor activity (%T/C greater than 254 at 20 mg/kg). PMID- 6548523 TI - Physicochemical model for dose-dependent drug absorption. AB - A two-tank perfect-mixing tank model was used to stimulate GI absorption. The effect of drug parameters (pK alpha, solubility, and intrinsic wall permeability) and system parameters (pH profile, volume of intestinal contents, and intestinal flow rate) on drug absorption were studied by numerical data stimulation. When the dose did not exceed the solubility of the drug in the intestinal lumen, the fraction absorbed depended on the transit rate relative to the absorption rate and the pK alpha relative to the pH profile, but was independent of drug dose. Saturation of one or both tanks led to dose-dependent absorption. The model was used to simulate absorption of chlorothiazide. Good agreement between simulated and experimental data led to the conclusion that the physical characteristics of chlorothiazide, rather than a saturable transport mechanism at the intestinal wall, may be responsible for the dose-dependent absorption observed for this drug. The model was also used to simulate hydrochlorothiazide absorption. By applying the same system parameters used for chlorothiazide, the model simulation correctly predicted the dose proportionality of hydrochlorothiazide absorption. The lack of dose dependency in this case may be attributed to the higher solubility and pK alpha of hydrochlorothiazide compared with chlorothiazide. PMID- 6548524 TI - TL-350, an ergoline derivative with dopamine receptor agonist properties. AB - Intravenous and intraduodenal injection of a new ergoline derivative, TL-350, produced dose-dependent inhibition of heart rate increase produced by cardioaccelerator nerve stimulation in anesthetized cats. ID50 values of TL-350 were 0.019 and 0.047 mumol/kg after i.v. and intraduodenal injection, respectively. This inhibition was reversed by either sulpiride (0.15 mumol/kg i.v.) or haloperidol (0.13 mumol/kg i.v.) but not by yohimbine (0.14 mumol/kg i.v.). TL-350 did not change isoproterenol-induced tachycardia and hypotensive responses. TL-350 caused dose-dependent decrease of arterial blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized cats. Haloperidol (0.13 mumol/kg i.v.) prevented the hypotensive and bradycardic effects of the compound. TL-350 also produced concentration-dependent inhibition of heart rate responses to transmural stimulation of isolated cat right atria. IC50 value was 0.026 microM. Dopaminergic antagonists, haloperidol and sulpiride, antagonized the inhibitory effect of TL-350 in in vitro experiments. TL-350 did not stimulate presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in rat vas deferens and guinea-pig ileum. TL-350 induced rotation for 3 hr in rats with unilateral denervated caudate nucleus. The compound was 0.5 as potent as apomorphine. In [3H]dopamine binding assays using rat caudate tissue, TL-350 had approximately the same activity as apomorphine in displacing the radioligand. It was concluded that TL-350 is a selective dopamine receptor agonist without possessing alpha and beta adrenergic receptor stimulating activity. PMID- 6548525 TI - Electron microscopic visualization of the SH1 thiol of myosin by the use of an avidin-biotin system. AB - One of the reactive thiols in the myosin head, SH1, was covalently labeled with a biotin derivative, N-iodoacetyl-N'-biotinylhexylenediamine. When 50% of the SH1 thiol was modified with the biotin reagent as judged from measurements of ATPase activities, the biotinylated myosin bound one mole of avidin per mole of myosin at the saturating level. The avidin-myosin complex was readily formed in the presence of MgADP or MgATP. Peptide maps of the biotinylated myosin revealed that SH1 is actually the site of biotinylation with N-iodoacetyl-N' biotinylhexylenediamine. Electron microscopic examination of the avidin-myosin complex showed that the attachment site of avidin on the myosin head is 130 A from the head-rod junction, indicating that the SH1 thiol is located there. PMID- 6548526 TI - The effects of sucralfate ingestion on serum and specific tissue aluminum concentration in normal rats. AB - The effects of sucralfate ingestion on serum and specific tissue aluminum (Al) accumulation were studied in normal rats fed either a control diet or the same diet supplemented with sucralfate. Although serum Al concentrations were not significantly different between the groups, animals fed sucralfate for 8 weeks had significantly higher bone but not brain or liver Al concentrations when compared with controls. This study indicates that 8 weeks exposure to Al in sucralfate leads to an increase in bone Al concentrations, without changes in serum Al concentrations, suggesting that serum Al concentration may be a poor predictor of gastrointestinal absorption and specific tissue retention of Al. PMID- 6548527 TI - Sequence analysis of the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein gene. AB - A recombinant cDNA plasmid (pRSA3) containing an almost full-length copy of the mRNA encoding respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein was identified in a cDNA library prepared with mRNA from respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells. The cDNA insert was sequenced, and a protein of 27,150 daltons was deduced from the DNA sequence. The protein is relatively acidic, containing two clusters of acidic amino acids, one in the middle of the molecule and the other at the C-terminus. It is devoid of both cysteine and tryptophan. There was no other potential reading frame within the phosphoprotein gene of respiratory syncytial virus. This situation is unlike that with Sendai virus, a paramyxovirus, which has a nonstructural C protein encoded by a second overlapping reading frame near the 5' end of the mRNA for phosphoprotein. PMID- 6548529 TI - Computerized data management for the vascular surgeon: introductory remarks. A plea for uniform reporting practices. PMID- 6548528 TI - Three monoclonal antibodies against measles virus F protein cross-react with cellular stress proteins. AB - In a group of 11 monoclonal antibodies specifically reacting with the measles virus fusion protein, three antibodies also immunoprecipitated other proteins, in particular a 79,000-molecular-weight protein from virus-infected cells. The cross reacting 79,000-molecular-weight protein was shown to be a virus-induced host stress protein. This protein could be induced by (i) different paramyxoviruses, (ii) heat shock of uninfected HeLa cells, and (iii) 2-deoxyglucose, tunicamycin, or L-canavanine treatment of different mammalian cell lines. Immunofluorescence of stressed HeLa cells localized the cross-reacting host protein(s) mainly in the cytoplasm. The significance of these results in relation to autoimmunity is discussed. PMID- 6548530 TI - Basic information for microcomputer data base management. AB - Paper-based information systems are cumbersome and inefficient. The microcomputer is an attractive, affordable, and powerful alternative to traditional paper-based record keeping. This article reviews fundamentals of data base management and microcomputer technology for the surgeon interested in microcomputer-based information systems. PMID- 6548531 TI - Microcomputer-based programs for the practicing vascular surgeon. AB - An inexpensive microcomputer system can be programmed in BASIC to provide convenient data storage, retrieval, and analysis for the practicing vascular surgeon. A personalized registry program permits input of key patient data that can be processed and retrieved in list form or groupings with operator control of variables. A second program, in which lower extremity revascularization procedures can be analyzed by various parameters, is described. Results can be obtained in life-table formats with comparative statistical analysis. For the private practitioner of vascular surgery, the use of various computer programs will allow management of information for self-assessment, record keeping, teaching, and publication with great accuracy and at significant cost savings. In addition, word processing can increase secretarial output and efficiency. Office management programs are available but need to be individually investigated to determine their use for a particular practice. The major advantages of the microcomputer for the practicing vascular surgeon are personal control and ready access to data that are easy to store, analyze, and retrieve. PMID- 6548532 TI - System for widespread application of microcomputers to vascular surgery. AB - The application of microcomputers to vascular surgery has been limited because of the lack of software that allows collection and effective evaluation of a large amount of patient-related data. We have developed a microcomputer-based data handling system for evaluating vascular patients that is inexpensive ($6000 to $8000), easy to use, and flexible. Its simplicity for nonprogrammers is achieved through a natural interface with menu-driven operations and descriptive English language messages. With this system eight data entry forms were designed, and data on more than 1000 patients treated for peripheral vascular disease over the last 7 years were entered into the computer by clerical personnel with minimal training. A query language report generator allowed us to obtain reports of results in simple English on any set of selection criteria with all relevant statistical functions, including cumulative life-table patency rates. This system has the following advantages: rapid evaluation of data from several retrospective and prospective studies, such as comparison of graft material, effect of local and systemic risk factors, cost of limb-salvage surgery, and correlation of noninvasive laboratory tests with other parameters; more accurate patient follow up, with elimination of many of the pitfalls involved in observing large groups of patients frequently; and quantitation of individual surgeon or service results for quality control and self-review, which guide the vascular surgeon to modify treatment protocols, patient selection, and/or surgical techniques. Wider use of this system for data collection and evaluation will help to standardize data reporting and thus allow accurate comparison of data from different centers. PMID- 6548533 TI - Progress in carotid artery surgery at the base of the skull. AB - From 1977 to 1984, 752 reconstructions of the supra-aortic arteries were performed at our service. In a group of 31 patients presenting with transient ischemic attacks (13) or minor strokes (15), preoperative multiplane angiograms identified lesions from various causes in extremely high locations (fibromuscular dysplasia, 10; atherosclerosis, 6; traumatic changes, 10; spontaneous dissection, 3; and mycotic aneurysms and others, 4) in 34 internal carotid arteries (aneurysms, 10; and stenosis, 24). Surgery was performed on 30 patients. Flow restoration was achieved by resection and vein graft replacement (20), gradual dilatation (5), thromboendarterectomy (6), and tangential clip for exclusion of a lateral aneurysm (1). Only one patient was treated with an extracranial intracranial anastomosis because the stenosis extended into the carotid siphon. One patient was treated with heparin. Exposure of the internal carotid artery (ICA) at the base of the skull required dissection of the digastric muscle, careful mobilization of the cranial nerves, and detachment of the styloid process in 29 patients. Partial resection of the mastoid process was helpful in two patients. The carotid bone canal was opened from the lateral side in four cases to allow the most distal anastomosis 1 cm within the carotid canal. Back-bleeding was controlled by a balloon catheter. A shunt was impossible to use and clamping time averaged 62 +/- 40 minutes. Except for one recurrent stroke and two transient ischemic attacks no other neurologic deficits occurred. Cranial nerve damage could not be avoided in 21 cases (nervus recurrens, 7; nervus glossopharyngeus, 16; and nervus facialis, 4) but disappeared clinically within a 1- to 6-month period in all but two. Each surgical patient underwent control angiography, which demonstrated 30 arteries to be patent, two became occluded, and one had an insignificant stenosis. We conclude that standard surgical techniques are unsuitable for repair of highly located lesions of the ICA. Although extracranial-intracranial anastomosis has been proposed in patients with planned ligation of the ICA, the anatomic reconstruction remains advantageous because flow is restored to normal and the source of emboli is eliminated. With the use of a special approach, graft replacement can be performed up to the base of the skull. PMID- 6548534 TI - [Development of a reporting system with voice entry for radiological imaging and its application for liver scintigraphy]. PMID- 6548535 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum free T3 measurement--with special reference to patients in remission from Graves' disease]. PMID- 6548536 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 rapidly alters the morphology of the duodenal mucosa of rachitic chicks: evidence for novel effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - When rachitic chicks are given 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in amounts as low as 50 ng/bird, the appearance of the duodenal mucosa is altered within 2 h of the administration of the hormone. The changes are most readily apparent on scanning electron microscopy and include: a more plump appearance of villi with loss of furrows and pits on their surfaces, elongation of villi and a smoother, more uniform microvillus surface. These changes occur within 2 h of the administration of the hormone and persist for as long as 24 h. The morphological change precedes the increase in calcium absorption induced by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the intestine. These observations suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may play an important part in maintenance of the structure of the duodenal mucosa. PMID- 6548537 TI - Differences between the regulation of cholesterol side-chain cleavage in Leydig cells from mice and rats. AB - A Leydig cell culture system has been used to study the in vitro modulation by luteinizing hormone (LH) of steroidogenesis in Leydig cells isolated from mice and immature rats. Mouse Leydig cells precultured for 24 h in the presence of increasing concentrations of LH (1 ng-1 microgram/ml) showed a dose-dependent decrease of the maximal LH-stimulated testosterone production. After pretreatment with 1 microgram LH/ml, maximal LH-stimulated testosterone production. After production in the presence of excess 20 alpha-hydroxycholesterol (a cholesterol side-chain cleavage substrate) were reduced to approx. 50% of control values. The possible site of action of LH is probably prior to pregnenolone, because testosterone production in the presence of excess pregnenolone was not affected by the LH pretreatment. Immature rat Leydig cells showed no decrease of maximal steroid production after 24 h culture in the presence of 1 microgram LH/ml. These results indicate that the regulation of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity during long-term LH action is different in mouse and rat Leydig cells. The properties of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme in mouse and rat Leydig cells were further investigated with different hydroxylated cholesterol derivatives as substrates. Steroid production by mouse Leydig cells in the presence of (22R)-22 hydroxycholesterol was similar as in the presence of LH. In contrast, steroidogenesis in rat Leydig cells in the presence of (22R)-22 hydroxycholesterol was at least 10-fold higher than in the presence of LH. It is concluded that the cholesterol side-chain cleaving enzyme in the mouse Leydig cell operates at its maximal capacity during short-term LH stimulation and can be inhibited after long-term LH action, whereas in the rat Leydig cell only a fraction of the potential activity is used during short-term LH stimulation, which is not affected during long-term LH action. PMID- 6548539 TI - Reconstruction of hearing when malleus is absent: TORP vs. homograft TMMI. AB - To study the most appropriate ossicular reconstruction of patients with an absent malleus, a comparison was made utilizing a homograft tympanic membrane with attached malleus and shaped incus (TMMI) columella and the alternative use of underlay fascia tympanoplasty with a cartilage covered TORP. Forty-six patients were reconstructed with a homograft TMMI and 38 with cartilage covered TORP and underlay fascia technique; 4.5 years postoperatively, 84% of those patients reconstructed with a homograft TMMI maintained an average A/B gap of 25 dB or better. Though 1 year postoperatively the TORP hearing results were satisfactory, only 18% of the TORP patients maintained a hearing level within 25 dB A/B gap at 4 years postoperatively. Primary causes of failure of the TORP were instability with migration off the stapes footplate, protrusion or extrusion through the TM and finally, long-term softening and bending secondary to biodegradation of the Plastipore. The discouraging long-term hearing results found in the TORP patients in this study confirm similar findings reported in 1982 by Smyth in a 5 year follow-up on 116 TORP patients. PMID- 6548538 TI - An early steroidogenic defect in hormone-induced Leydig cell desensitization. AB - To define the nature of the lesion of the early steroidogenic pathway (prior to pregnenolone formation) in gonadotropin-induced desensitization of rat testicular Leydig cells, we evaluated cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in isolated mitochondria by measurement of pregnenolone synthesis and [14C]isocaproic acid formation from [26-14C]cholesterol. The enzyme activity was shown to be reduced after in vivo treatment with 10 micrograms hCG when compared to that of mitochondria from control animals only when measured in the presence of limiting NADPH concentrations (100 microM). Sonication of mitochondria from control and hCG-treated rats caused complete loss of cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity. When acetone-powdered adrenal cell mitochondria were employed as the source of the enzyme, the addition of sonicated Leydig cell mitochondria from control and hCG-treated animals caused the same differences as those observed with intact Leydig cell mitochondria in the presence of low concentration of NADPH. The Km value of the adrenal enzyme for NADPH incubated with Leydig cell mitochondria increased from 0.111 mM in control to 0.37 mM after hCG, with no changes in Vmax. Moreover, cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity of adrenal mitochondria assayed in the presence of 100 microM cholesterol was progressively inhibited by increasing amounts of acetone powder from Leydig cell mitochondria of control and hCG-treated rats, with ID50 of 500 and 280 micrograms protein, respectively. The inhibiting factor was not a lipid or steroid but a heat-labile protein, with an approximate Stokes radius of 4.8 nm and an isoelectric point of 5.05 +/- 0.23 SD (n = 8). The inhibitory effect was confined to the Leydig cell mitochondrial membrane, and was not related to changes in oxidative phosphorylation. NADPH was not directly oxidized or immobilized by the mitochondrial factor, and this inhibiting substance was not adsorbed on 2',5' ADP Sepharose 4B. These results have demonstrated that a heat-labile inhibiting protein factor is present in mitochondria from normal Leydig cells and is markedly activated or increased by hCG treatment. This substance that competitively modulates cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity could contribute to the early steroidogenic lesion, and also serve as an endogenous modulator of steroid hormone biosynthesis. PMID- 6548540 TI - Circadian variation of DSIP-like material in rat plasma. AB - Levels of delta-sleep-inducing peptide-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) in rat plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay and found to exhibit a circadian rhythm that parallelled the normal rhythm for corticosterone. The maximal plasma levels of both substances were observed to occur at about 1700h. The lowest concentrations of DSIP-LI and corticosterone were detected at 2400h and 1000h, respectively. Exposure to constant levels of illumination abolished the rhythm of DSIP-LI. It is possible that the temporal parallelism between the levels of DSIP LI and corticosterone may represent a functional relationship between both compounds. PMID- 6548542 TI - MIRACLE: a time-oriented data validation and analysis system for clinical research. PMID- 6548541 TI - Occurrence, detection, and biosynthesis of carboxy-terminal amides. PMID- 6548543 TI - CRITLEVEL: an exploratory procedure for the evaluation of quantitative prognostic factors. PMID- 6548544 TI - Computer-controlled anesthesia delivery system. AB - A prototype Computer-Controlled Anesthesia Delivery System (CCADS) has been developed. The CCADS uses proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) software algorithms to control the delivery of oxygen, anesthetic agent,and nitrous-oxide (N2O) via the computer feedback control of precision mass-flow controller devices. The CCADS was evaluated in a group of seven dogs during 4 hours of closed-circuit enflurane N2O anesthesia. Throughout the 4-hour monitoring period, the CCADS maintained the animals' inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2), end-tidal enflurane concentration, and breathing circuit volume to within +/- 0.20, +/- 0.10 volume %, and +/- 30 ml/min (+/- 1 SD), respectively, of the desired values. The interactive software allowed selective graphic display of the 10-breath averaged data parameters, or modification of FIO2, end-tidal enflurane concentration, and breathing circuit volume, whenever animal re-evaluation during an anesthesia procedure was necessary. PMID- 6548545 TI - Molecular structures of metabolites and analogues of diethylstilbestrol and their relationship to receptor binding and biological activity. AB - A series of indanyl derivatives of diethylstilbestrol (DES) have recently been identified as inv vivo metabolites of DES. These compounds are of interest because they possess effective uterine estrogen receptor-binding affinity but poor biological activity. The X-ray crystal structures of three of these derivatives were determined and their conformations were compared with those of estradiol and DES. The more active derivatives, indenestrol A (I) and indenestrol B (II) have nearly identical conformations, in which the overall molecule is highly planar, the phenyl ring is twisted out of the plane of the indene rings by approximately 30 degrees, and the distance between the hydroxyl groups is 11.6 A. In the least active derivative, idanestrol (III), the methyl, ethyl, and phenyl substituents were found to be in the same side of the indane ring so that the molecule is constrained to an L-shape. The crystallographically observed conformations of I, II, III, DES, and estradiol, their competative binding affinities, and their in vivo biological activities are consistent with the proposal that the steroid A-ring plays a dominant role in initiating receptor binding while the D-ring orientation relative to the A-ring has a more decisive influence upon activity. The reduction in estrogen receptor-binding affinity and associated reduced activity of III is almost certainly due to its L-shape conformation. The extended conformation of I and II in which both phenolic rings are exposed permitting ready access to both surfaces of either ring probably accounts for the ability of these derivatives to compete so successfully with estradiol for estrogen receptor binding. There are eight different ways in which the molecules of the racemic mixtures of I and II could initiate receptor binding. The reduced biological activity of I and II is probably due to the fact that not all eight binding orientations are compatible with eliciting estrogenic response. Comparison of the observed conformations of I, II, DES, and estradiol suggests that it is the alpha-ring of I and II that minics the steroid A-ring in receptor binding, and that two of the four possible alpha-ring/A-ring matches are most conducive to eliciting hormone activity. PMID- 6548548 TI - In vivo and in vitro cytogenetic effects of the anti-tumor agent amsacrina (AMSA). AB - The genotoxic effect of AMSA, an anti-tumor agent, was evaluated using the micronucleus and anaphase-telophase tests. The doses assayed by the in vivo micronucleus test were 1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg: they are within the range of those used in clinical trials. A significant increase of micronucleated cells (P less than 0.01) was observed in the three assayed doses, with a linear dose response (r 0.98). In the in vitro test, 3 drug concentrations, i.e. 10, 1 and 0.1 microgram/ml, were analyzed with the 2 higher doses. AMSA showed a marked inhibition of cellular replication, but with 0.1 microgram/ml it was possible to determine an increase (P less than 0.01) in aberrations in anaphase-telophase cells. Both studies clearly demonstrate the clastogenic effect of the drug, which should be taken into account when considering its carcinogenic risk. PMID- 6548546 TI - Expression of type I and III collagen genes during differentiation of embryonic chicken myoblasts in culture. AB - Expression of type I and III procollagen genes was studied in embryonic chicken myoblast cell cultures, obtained from thigh muscles of 11-day-old embryos. Differentiation initiated by the addition of ovotransferrin (30 micrograms/ml) was followed visually by phase-contrast microscopy. Myoblast fusion and myotube formation were detected by day 3 and appeared to be complete by day 7. The synthesis of procollagens was monitored by labeling cell cultures for 1 h with [3H]proline and determining the radioactivity in procollagen chains by scanning densitometry of the fluorograms of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. A 10- to 20-fold increase in the rate of pro alpha-1(I), pro alpha-2(I), and pro alpha-1(III) collagen synthesis was observed, with the greatest increase occurring between days 3 and 9. Collagen mRNA levels in the myoblast cultures were examined by Northern blot and dot blot hybridization assays. The 10- to 20 fold increased rate of protein synthesis was accompanied by a 15-fold increase in the steady-state levels of pro alpha-1(I) and pro alpha-2(I) mRNAs and a 10-fold increase in the steady-state levels of pro alpha-1(III). As a correlate to the studies of collagen expression during myoblast differentiation, the expression of actin mRNAs was examined. Although alpha actin could be detected by day 4, a complete switch from lambda and beta to alpha actin was not observed in the time periods examined. Similar results were obtained in the analysis of RNA extracted from embryonic legs at days 12 and 17 of gestation. Myoblast differentiation is manifested by the accumulation of both muscle-specific mRNAs, such as actin, and type I and III procollagen mRNAs. PMID- 6548547 TI - Changes in levels of actin and tubulin mRNAs upon the lectin activation of lymphocytes. AB - The expression of beta-actin, gamma-actin, alpha-tubulin, and beta-tubulin mRNA during the lectin activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined with specific cDNA clones. The resting lymphocyte has a low level of both alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNAs, and these increase 10-fold after 72 h of lectin stimulation in which maximum cell transformation is achieved. Although there is a slight increase in tubulin mRNA during the first 6 h, most of the increase occurs between 6 and 24 h as the cells start to increase their RNA content and progress from G0 into G1. Both beta- and gamma-actin mRNAs are more abundant than the tubulin mRNAs in resting cells, with beta-actin mRNA being the major species. Upon activation, beta-actin mRNA increases threefold, whereas gamma-actin mRNA increases almost sixfold. Both beta- and gamma-actin mRNA are elevated 2.5-fold as early as 6 h, the gamma-actin mRNA level then increasing more than beta-actin between 6 and 24 h, resulting in the reduced beta-actin/gamma-actin mRNA ratio. The lectin-stimulated lymphocyte has a similar beta-actin/gamma-actin mRNA ratio as that of the human leukemic T-lymphoblast cell line CCRF-CEM. These increases are over and above the general increase in polyadenylated RNA content upon lectin activation. On returning to a noncycling state, the levels of these cytoskeletal mRNAs decrease. There were two beta-tubulin mRNAs present in lymphocyte cytoplasm, one of 1.8 kilobases and one of 2.8 kilobases in length. The nongrowing lymphocytes had relatively lower levels of the larger sized mRNA. Upon stimulation, the relative level of the larger mRNA was increased, and at 72 h the cells had approximately equal levels of both mRNAs as did the leukemic lymphoblasts. PMID- 6548549 TI - Predictive instrument to improve coronary-care-unit admission practices. PMID- 6548550 TI - Cell type-specific activation of actin genes in the early amphibian embryo. AB - Muscle actin genes are the earliest yet described to show cell type-specific activation in amphibian embryos. Gene-specific probes show that alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actin genes start to be transcribed simultaneously at the end of gastrulation, but only in those regions of the mesoderm that subsequently form embryonic muscle. Their expression provides a molecular marker for early cell determination. PMID- 6548551 TI - A third type of murine T-cell receptor gene. AB - By subtractive cDNA hybridizations, we have isolated a new species of T-cell receptor cDNA clone whose predicted amino acid sequence has homology to variable, constant, joining and diversity segments of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors. The corresponding genomic sequence is also rearranged in several T-cell DNAs. The four potential N-linked glycosylation sites, frequency of expression and predicted molecular weight (27,800) of this molecule make it a likely candidate for the alpha-chain of the T-cell receptor. Expression data also indicate that this gene may be activated at a later stage of T-cell differentiation than the beta-chain. PMID- 6548552 TI - Biophysical basis and technical requisites for the use of Nd-YAG laser in neurosurgery. AB - The different interactions between laser light and biological tissue are demonstrated for the CO2- and the Nd-YAG-laser by histological examinations. For Neurosurgery the following results became significant: The CO2 laser has become an important tool in contactless cutting and vaporization. The Nd-YAG-laser is suitable as a coagulator whenever the site and vascularity make the removal of a tumour difficult. For the various surgical techniques in Neurosurgery using the Nd-YAG laser, special laser attachments have been developed including micro surgical and endoscopic instruments. PMID- 6548553 TI - Use of the Nd-YAG laser in neurosurgery. AB - After many years of experience, in general we prefer the Nd-YAG laser, although the CO2 laser is an advantage in a few specific cases (lipomas, cranial synostosis). While the focused CO2 laser may be used as a cutting instrument in less vascular tissue with little trauma to the surroundings, the Nd-YAG laser produces a homogeneous coagulation with an energy dependent depth effect. Thus, with the Nd-YAG laser residual tumour tissue can be selectively and with a predictable depth effect thermally destroyed. Because of its excellent coagulation property, the use of the Nd-YAG laser is particularly indicated in highly vascular meningeal tumours. The shrinkage of a tumour and its demarcation which is due to the varying absorption properties facilitates the dissection and allows in addition the preservation of normal tissue. PMID- 6548554 TI - Nd-YAG laser as a surgical tool. AB - As neurological operation has necessitated effective haemostatic devices, CO2 and Nd-YAG lasers have been introduced in this field. The CO2 laser was first studied and used in neurological surgery and many problems, such as safety, mobility, and others, were overcome by pioneers. The Nd-YAG laser has been developed mainly for endoscopic surgery. However, we noticed its strong haemostatic effect, used it in neurosurgery and found it to be quite effective in removing tumours. The following properties of the Nd-YAG laser are especially fitted for neurosurgical surgery: the laser beam is conducted through a light, thin and flexible quartz fibre; penetration of the laser beam into tissues is controlled by the output wattage, and the grade of coagulation is controlled by duration of irradiation time and by the output wattage. PMID- 6548555 TI - Neuropeptide Y: role in light-dark cycle entrainment of hamster circadian rhythms. AB - Microinjection of neuropeptide Y (NPY) into the suprachiasmatic region of the hypothalamus (SCN) phase shifted the circadian activity rhythm of hamsters housed in constant light. NPY advanced the phase when injected during the 12 h that preceded the daily onset of activity and tended to phase delay the activity cycle when injected during the 12 h after activity onset. In contrast, injection of saline into the SCN or NPY into the ventricular system had no effect on circadian phase. These and other data suggest that NPY functions as a chemical messenger important for the light-dark cycle entrainment of circadian rhythms. PMID- 6548556 TI - Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy. AB - Twenty phakic eyes of 19 patients underwent Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser iridotomies for angle-closure glaucoma. Eleven eyes were previous argon laser failures. Penetration was achieved in each case with several shots in one session. Complications were minor and transient. PMID- 6548557 TI - Corneal endothelial damage with neodymium:YAG laser. AB - Acute corneal endothelial changes following Nd:YAG laser application were evaluated in two series of rabbits. The first series underwent anterior capsulotomy, while the second series received laser applications at calculated distances ranging from 0.0 mm to 1.8 mm posterior to the endothelium. The rabbits were killed 24 hours after treatment and the endothelium evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. None of the eyes undergoing anterior capsulotomy showed endothelial damage, but the endothelium was focally denuded when laser shots were applied within 1.0 mm of it, and Descemet's membrane was disrupted by laser shots focused within 0.1 mm. Implications for clinical laser surgery are discussed. PMID- 6548558 TI - Iridotomy using the Q-switched neodymium (Nd):YAG laser. PMID- 6548559 TI - [Retrolental fibroplasia in premature infants during the past 20 years ]. PMID- 6548560 TI - [Experience with the management of patients with therapy-resistant Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6548561 TI - Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA coding for aldolase B from human liver. AB - Two recombinant clones, pA2 and pA3, containing cDNA sequences for human aldolase B have been isolated from a full length human liver cDNA library. The larger one, pA3, has been subcloned in M13 phage and completely sequenced with the chain terminator method. The sequence covers 1,600 nucleotides including the whole coding region (1,050 nucleotides), 67 nucleotides from the 5' non-coding region and the whole 3' non-coding region, 440 nucleotides long, down to the poly-A tail. Comparison with rabbit aldolase A and with a partial sequence of rat aldolase B, shows a homology of about 76% for aldolase A and of about 94% for aldolase B, which indicates that the sequenced cDNA codes for the liver isoenzyme. This is the first complete sequence reported for human aldolase B. The pA3 clone strongly hybridizes to 18S mRNA from human adult liver as expected from the size of the isolated cDNA. PMID- 6548562 TI - Synthesis and biophysical studies of short oligodeoxynucleotides with novel modifications: a possible approach to the problem of mixed base oligodeoxynucleotide synthesis. AB - The syntheses of 1,2-dideoxy-D-ribofuranose and 1,2-dideoxy-1-phenyl-beta-D ribofuranose are described. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing these analogues have been synthesised and hybridized to their complementary strands. Hypochromicity studies have shown that these duplices are less stable than either the totally complementary duplex or those containing A.C and G.T mismatches. PMID- 6548563 TI - Synthesis and properties of poly 5-methylthiouridylic acid. AB - In an effort to search for good methods for the enzymatic synthesis of polynucleotide analogs with antitemplate activity, 5-methylthiouridine-5' diphosphate (ms5UDP) has been synthesized and investigated as a substrate for polynucleotide phosphorylase. While ms5UDP was polymerized at a very low rate to give a 6% yield of polynucleotides by the polynucleotide phosphorylase of Micrococcus luteus, it was utilized more efficiently by the corresponding enzyme of Escherichia coli resulting in a 15% yield of poly (5-methylthiouridylic) acid. Results of the co-polymerization of ms5UDP and UDP revealed that the ratio of 5 methylthiouridylate to uridylate residues in the polynucleotide product was lower than the ratio of ms5UDP to UDP in the substrate mixture. The 5-methylthio group conferred only minute changes on the conformation of the modified polyuridylic acid, and the complexes formed between poly-(5-methylthiouridylic) acid and poly(adenylic) acid possessed slightly higher Tm values than did the unmodified counterparts. Poly(5-methylthiouridylic) acid was a potent inhibitor of calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha. PMID- 6548564 TI - [Morphologic characteristics of pathological changes in the lungs in experimental tuberculosis in rats with immunodeficiency, and its correction]. PMID- 6548565 TI - HDL cholesterol and risk of heart disease. PMID- 6548566 TI - A microcomputer technique for the detailed behavioural, and automatic statistical, analysis of animal behaviour. AB - In view of the intense concentration and time investment required for the detailed assessment of animal behaviour, various strategies have been employed to facilitate the quantitative description of movements and postures of animals. In a recent communication, we outlined a microcomputer technique which enabled individual operators to record frequency and duration of a large number of behavioural elements. However, this method required the manual collation and transcription of summary data in order to effect statistical analysis, an operation which involved avoidable and time-consuming repeated data handling. The present communication details a microcomputer technique which aids the recording of frequency, real-time duration and real-time latency measures. Further, this program automatically collates, transcribes and executes statistical analysis (Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney) without involving manual data manipulation, other than at the initial behavioural analysis level and thus, represents an aid to reducing the total time investment required to effect complete behavioural analysis. PMID- 6548567 TI - Computerization of literature for the radiologic technology educator. PMID- 6548568 TI - Coexistence of peptide YY and glicentin immunoreactivity in endocrine cells of the gut. AB - Endocrine cells containing peptide YY (PYY) were numerous in the rectum, colon and ileum and few in the duodenum and jejunum of rat, pig and man. No immunoreactive cells could be detected in the pancreas and stomach. Coexistence of PYY and glicentin was revealed by sequential staining of the same section and by staining consecutive semi-thin sections. Since the PYY sequence is not contained in the glucagon/glicentin precursor molecule the results suggest that the PYY cell in the gut expresses two different genes coding for regulatory peptides of two different families. PMID- 6548569 TI - Exocrine pancreatic secretion in response to a new CCK-analog, CCK33 and caerulein in dogs. AB - We studied the relative molar potencies of a newly synthetized cholecystokinin nonapeptide [Thr28,Nle31]CCK[25-33], natural porcine CCK33 and synthetic caerulein in conscious dogs with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas. Peptides were dissolved in albumin-containing solutions to prevent loss from solution. The three peptides were found to be equipotent on a molar basis in stimulating exocrine pancreatic secretion. As [Thr28,Nle31]CCK9 is a peptide less susceptible to oxidation than other forms of CCK, it is an interesting analog with many uses for medical and biological research. PMID- 6548570 TI - Secretin, VIP, and PHI stimulate rat proximal duodenal surface epithelial bicarbonate secretion in vivo. AB - The surface epithelial cells of the stomach and duodenum secrete bicarbonate at rest and in response to a number of agonists including the gastrointestinal hormones, glucagon, and GIP. Since those hormones with structural homology may have similar effects, the purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of graded doses (6, 24, and 96 nmol/kg) of pure porcine secretin, VIP, and PHI on bicarbonate secretion by the proximal duodenum containing Brunner's glands. Experiments were performed in vivo on unanesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic Thiry-Vella type loops of the proximal 2 cm of duodenum. The order of testing was random and only one hormone was tested on a single day. Compared to the saline control, each dose of VIP produced a significant increase in duodenal bicarbonate secretion in a dose-response manner. The two higher doses of secretin and only the 96 nmol/kg dose of PHI significantly increased bicarbonate output. The responses to 96 nmol/kg dose of secretin and VIP were similar, and each was significantly greater than observed with PHI. It is concluded that secretin and VIP stimulate proximal duodenal bicarbonate secretion and are more potent than PHI. PMID- 6548571 TI - Detection of the messenger RNA coding for preproenkephalin A in bovine adrenal by in situ hybridization. AB - The messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the adrenal precursor of enkephalins (preproenkephalin-A) has been detected in bovine adrenal medulla cells using in situ hybridization with 32P-labelled preproenkephalin A (PPA) complementary DNA. In formaldehyde- and Carnoy-fixed tissue sections, an intense elective labelling restricted to the cells located at the periphery of the adrenal medulla can be detected after hybridization procedure, using X-ray film and classical autoradiographic procedure. Adequate controls show that this labelling is obtained only using PPA complementary DNA, inserted or not in its vector. Distribution of PPA mRNA appears identical to that of its immunoreactive end products, namely Met-enkephalin and BAM22 peptide, detected by immunohistochemistry. Norepinephrine, detectable using monoamine histofluorescence, appears restricted to the cells of the center of the gland unlabelled for PPA mRNA and its end-products. Cultured bovine adrenomedullary cells that exhibited enkephalin immunoreactivity also contain PPA mRNA located in their cytoplasm. PMID- 6548572 TI - Giant lamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells of rats exposed to a low concentration of ozone. AB - The effect of a low concentration of ozone on pulmonary surfactant release was examined by the ultrastructural morphometry of lamellar bodies in alveolar type II cells. Rats were exposed to approximately 0.3 ppm of ozone for 3 h daily for 16 consecutive days. The volume density of lamellar bodies, relative to the cell, increased significantly following ozone exposure. After 11 days giant lamellar bodies were found in ozone-exposed rats. These findings suggest that ozone exposure causes the impairment of pulmonary surfactant release. PMID- 6548573 TI - Intrauterine hypercarbia and lamb lung surfactant synthesis. AB - Prenatal asphyxia resulting in hypoxia, hypercarbia and amniotic fluid aspiration reduces the synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant. Using 135-day fetal lambs we studied the in utero effects of hypercarbic acidosis alone on fetal breathing activity, excised lung pressure-volume relationships and lamellar body (LB) surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) pool size and specific activity for [14C]palmitate. Fetal PaCO2 levels greater than 125 mm Hg for 30 min were associated with pH values less than 7.0 and very vigorous breathing activity. Analysis 22 h after the period of hypercarbic acidosis demonstrated no differences in pressure-volume relationships or the quantity of lamellar body surfactant DSPC. The specific activity of lamellar body DSPC also was not different although total label (dpm) per gram dry weight was higher and label was detected in the lavage fluid earlier in the acidotic lambs than controls. We conclude from these data that hypercarbic acidosis does not influence the synthesis or function of the pulmonary surfactant as assessed in this system. From these results and prior work from our laboratory we can infer that hypoxia remains the most probable cause for reduced surfactant synthesis in the asphyxiated fetus. PMID- 6548574 TI - Differences in the neurons that project from the dorsal column nuclei to the diencephalon, pretectum, and tectum in the cat. AB - The dorsal column nuclei (DCN) project to a number of targets in the nervous system besides the ventroposterolateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalamus. Recent evidence obtained using double-labeling techniques indicates that DCN's diencephalic-projecting neurons differ in their location and morphology from those that project to some of its other targets, such as the cerebellum and tectum. The purpose of the present study was to characterize anatomically the DCN neurons that project another of DCN's targets, the pretectum, and to determine if any of these neurons have collateral projections to the tectum or diencephalon. The projections were studied using two double-labeling methods. One method made use of either tritiated inactivated horseradish peroxidase ([3H]apoHRP) or tritiated N-acetyl wheatgerm agglutinin ([3H]WGA) as a marker and HRP or WGA conjugated to HRP. The other method made use of the dyes Fast Blue and Nuclear Yellow. In each cat, one marker was injected into the DCN-recipient portions of the pretectum, tectum, or diencephalon, and the other marker was injected into another of these three targets. Neurons labeled by pretectal or tectal injections were of all sizes, fusiform and multipolar in shape, and similarly located. They were scattered through the rostral zone of DCN, but were distributed at the periphery of and at the junction between the gracile and cuneate nuclei in DCN's middle and caudal zones. In contrast to the pretectal- and tectal-labeled neurons, neurons labeled by diencephalic injections were round and large. They were found throughout the DCN complex, but were concentrated in DCN's middle and caudal zones. When both the pretectum and diencephalon were injected in the same cat, the two groups of neurons occupied similar locations in the rostral zone, but were distinct in the middle and caudal zones, with the pretectal-projecting neurons surrounding the clusters of diencephalic-projecting neurons. Very few neurons were double-labeled. These results demonstrate that the projections to the pretectum, tectum, and diencephalon originate from different populations of neurons within specific domains in DCN. When these results are compared with the results of electrophysiological and other anatomical studies, it appears that the pretectal- and tectal-projecting neurons may be part of a previously unrecognized system originating in DCN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6548575 TI - [Mycotic aneurysm of the radial artery]. PMID- 6548576 TI - [Sucralfate]. PMID- 6548577 TI - [Peptic ulcer in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6548578 TI - [Phospholipid spectrum of pulmonary surfactant and erythrocyte membranes in pneumonia]. PMID- 6548580 TI - [Surgical repair of the meniscus]. PMID- 6548579 TI - [Carcinoma of the thyroid gland and hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6548581 TI - Treatment of tick-bite fever with erythromycin. AB - Because of the occasional need for an alternative drug for the treatment of tick bite fever, a study of the value of erythromycin for the variety of tick-borne typhus fever occurring in southern Africa was undertaken. In guinea-pigs erythromycin 125 mg/kg for 5 days largely prevented the fever and other signs of the infection, but did not prevent the serological reaction as determined by the rickettsial complement fixation test. A series of 17 human patients were treated for 4 days with erythromycin 500 mg 6-hourly for adults and 30-50 mg/kg/d in 4 divided doses for children. Eleven patients appeared to respond favourably. It was concluded that erythromycin does not have as specific a value as tetracycline in the treatment of tick-bite fever, but that when tetracycline is contraindicated erythromycin is a useful alternative drug. PMID- 6548582 TI - Lasers in ophthalmology. AB - Many sources of laser light are used in ophthalmology, most commonly the argon, krypton, and Nd:YAG laser. Each is described and evaluated regarding its qualities and advantages. Laser beam therapy can be used for a variety of ophthalmologic surgical procedures; it permits noninvasive, outpatient treatment that until recently has required invasive surgery. As laser knowledge advances, ophthalmic surgeons will be able to choose the wavelength appropriate to treat a variety of diseases. PMID- 6548583 TI - Congenital deficiency of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors and protein C. AB - A 15-month-old girl from Coimbra (Portugal) had a history of numerous hemorrhagic episodes with multiple bruises, hematomas but not hemarthroses. On serial testing she showed deficiency of factors II, VII, IX, X and protein C. Malabsorption induced vitamin K deficiency, liver disease or ingestion of a coumarin compound were excluded. An absence of detectable abnormalities was found among her relatives. Consanguinity was not present. The immunologic assay, immunoelectrophoresis or antibody neutralization, revealed much higher levels of these factors than the clotting assay. The non-physiological activator (Echis carinatus venom) produced higher levels of prothrombin activation than those detected by physiological activation. Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis of the patient's plasma in calcium showed that prothrombin had the same mobility as acarboxyprothrombin. No significant response to large doses of intravenous vitamin K3 (6 mg) was observed. Transfusion of 120 ml of frozen fresh plasma led to an immediate increase in the procoagulant activities of vitamin K dependent protein, similar to that found after perfusion of plasma plus vitamin K3. The results obtained from this patient suggest a defect in the gammacarboxylation mechanism inside the hepatocyte. PMID- 6548584 TI - Evidence for impaired hepatic vitamin K1 metabolism in patients treated with N methyl-thiotetrazole cephalosporins. AB - In 8 patients on no oral intake and with parenteral alimentation, administration of cephalosporins with N-methyl-thiotetrazole side chain (moxalactam, cefamandole), was associated with prolongation of prothrombin time, appearance in the circulation of descarboxy-prothrombin (counter immunoelectrophoresis and echis carinatus assay) and diminution of protein C. Acute administration of 10 mg vitamin K1 was followed by the transient appearance of vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide, indicating an impaired hepatocellular regeneration of vitamin K1 from the epoxide. Impaired hepatic vitamin K1 metabolism, tentatively ascribed to the N methyl-thiotetrazole group, is one (but possibly not the only) cause of bleeding complications and depression of vitamin K1-dependent procoagulants in patients treated with the new class of cephalosporins. PMID- 6548585 TI - In vitro effects of the acylated streptokinase-plasminogen activator complex BRL 33 575 incubated with normal human plasma. AB - Thrombolysis with acylated streptokinase-plasminogen complexes is aimed to achieve fibrinolysis without systemic fibrinogenolysis. The p-aminobenzoyl streptokinase-(Lys)-plasminogen-complex (BRL 33 575) should be particularly useful due to its slow deacylation rate. Unexpectedly, repeated doses of 10 mg of BRL 33 575 (corresponding to 310'000 streptokinase equivalent units) induced systemic effects in patients though less than streptokinase alone. In vitro incubation of normal human plasma with BRL 33 575 at concentrations used in patients resulted in nearly complete consumption of alpha 2-antiplasmin and plasminogen and significant fibrinogenolysis within 3 hr. This demonstrates that despite of slow deacylation of BRL 33 575 - the small amounts of activator generated are highly efficacious in activating plasma plasminogen under conditions in which no physiological clearance of the free activator takes place. Simulating the calculated activator release from BRL 33 575 by infusing equivalent amounts of streptokinase into plasma resulted in less pronounced effects. This is probably explained by anti-streptokinase antibodies which will neutralize the initially infused streptokinase but will be bound by BRL 33 575. Our in vitro experiments indicate that further clinical studies should be done with lower doses of BRL 33 575 or prolonged dosage intervals. PMID- 6548586 TI - Increased prothrombinase binding sites in unstimulated platelets from a protein C deficient patient. PMID- 6548587 TI - Severe inherited "homozygous" protein C deficiency in a newborn infant. AB - A relapsing clinical syndrome of skin lesions and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) that showed remission with the infusion of fresh frozen plasma is described in a newborn infant with homozygous deficiency of protein C antigen. This patient presented since birth a recurrent clinical picture of DIC and ecchymotic skin lesions that resembled typical ecchymosis except for the fact that they showed immediate improvement with the administration of fresh frozen plasma. Using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method, the determination of protein C antigen levels in the patient, without ingestion of coumarin drugs, showed very low values (less than 1%). No other deficiencies in the vitamin-K dependent factors or in antithrombin III, antiplasmin, and plasminogen were found. Seven relatives of the infant had heterozygous deficiency in protein C antigen (values between 40-55%), without clinical history of venous thrombosis. The pedigree analysis of this family suggests an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance for the clinical phenotype, although an autosomal dominant pattern has been postulated until now in other reported families. We conclude that our patient has a homozygous deficiency in protein C and this homozygous state may be compatible with survival beyond the neonatal period. PMID- 6548588 TI - Behaviour of protein C inhibitor in intravascular coagulation and liver disease. AB - We measured levels of protein C inhibitor in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and liver disease using a functional assay. Levels in 24 normal subjects averaged 93% of the amount in normal pooled plasma, giving a normal range of 65 to 121%. Levels were below normal in 8 of 17 patients with DIC, in 4 of 19 patients with liver cirrhosis, and in 3 patients with acute hepatic necrosis. Levels were normal or elevated in 9 of 10 patients with cirrhosis and accelerated fibrinolysis, and in 6 patients receiving warfarin. We conclude that protein C inhibitor may be involved in regulation of protein C activity during pathologic activation of the hemostatic system (DIC). Decreased protein C inhibitor does not appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of accelerated fibrinolysis in liver disease. The liver may be the site of synthesis of protein C inhibitor. PMID- 6548589 TI - Lectin-binding patterns of breast carcinoma: significance on structural atypism. AB - We have investigated lectin-binding profiles of the human breast epithelia and the structural atypism in intraductal carcinoma. The lectino-histochemical probes using biotin-labeled peanut agglutinin (PNA), soybean agglutinin (SBA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex were performed on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens from 24 patients. While normal and benign hyperplastic epithelia were stained almost in luminal borders and apical cytoplasmic surfaces, intraductal carcinoma additionally showed conspicuous staining of intracytoplasmic lumina and supranuclear cytoplasmic margins. The lectin-binding pattern found in papillary hyperplasia was completely different from that in intraductal carcinoma; the former was an irregular network structure along luminal borders, whereas the latter was not only a cribriform but also a rosette structure along intracytoplasmic lumina and supranuclear cytoplasms. Such lectin-binding patterns seemed to reflect the change of cell polarity in malignant transformation. The significance of these observations in elucidation of structural atypism was discussed in relation to 3-D structure of intraductal carcinoma. PMID- 6548590 TI - [A new affinity sorbent for the purification of lectins and its use in the purification of wheat germ agglutinin]. AB - A method is developed for obtaining gel from eggwhite and its application as a sorbent for purification of lectins. Eggwhite was treated by 1% glutaraldehyde at pH 5, for 5-6 hours at room temperature, then it was minced and washed by water. The residual aldehyde groups were blocked by glycine treatment. The sorbent obtained possessed high affinity for lectins specific to N-acetylglucosamine and complex oligosaccharides. The galactose- and mannose-specific lectins were adsorbed to a less extent. The purification of the wheat germ agglutinin using the eggwhite gel is described. PMID- 6548591 TI - [Cochlear implantation: the anatomicotopographic basis]. PMID- 6548592 TI - Decreased resistance of Bos taurus cattle on a diet supplemented with whole cotton seed to the tick Boophilus microplus (Canestrini). AB - Resistance to the tick B. microplus was compared in Bos taurus steers fed hay (low fat (LF) diet) with those fed hay supplemented with whole cotton seeds (high fat (CS) diet) which made them hyperlipidaemic. The mean number of adult female ticks maturing from the same artificial doses of larvae was about 2.7 times higher on animals fed the CS diet than on animals fed the LF diet. In both dietary groups the effect of ticks: depressed packed-cell volume, plasma cholesterol and phospholipid levels, serum albumin levels, serum alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) and amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) activities, and monocyte count; increased the serum level of gamma-globulin and eosinophil count. Animals on the LF diet responded to tick infestation with an increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes and a decrease in the neutrophil count. In contrast, the lower tick resistance in hyperlipidaemic animals on the CS diet was associated with a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. PMID- 6548593 TI - Control of cyathostome infections in mares treated at parturition with ivermectin. AB - Six mares were treated on the day of parturition with an intramuscular injection of 0.2 mg kg-1 ivermectin and placed in a pasture free of equine parasites as soon as possible after foaling. The mares and their foals were compared with a similar group of untreated mares and foals on an adjoining pasture. The experimental data was derived from mare and foal fecal egg counts, foal necropsies and pasture larval counts. Ivermectin administered to mares on the day of parturition, when combined with movement to parasite-free pastures, significantly lowered the cyathostome (small strongyle) egg production for 4 months. This reduced cyathostome exposure was reflected in lower worm-burdens in their foals for 5 months. The results indicate that ivermectin will effectively control equine strongyles when mares and their foals are moved to parasite-free pastures. PMID- 6548594 TI - Analysis and gene assignment of mRNAs of a paramyxovirus, simian virus 5. AB - Polypeptides synthesized by the paramyxovirus SV5 in infected CV-1 cells were readily identified when the host cell was treated with actinomycin D. The unglycosylated forms of HN and Fo synthesized in infected cells in the presence of tunicamycin and HN and Fo synthesized in vitro were identified by immunoprecipitation with specific antibodies. Separation of SV5-specific poly(A) containing RNAs on methyl-mercury agarose gels and in vitro translation of fractions, indicated that the viral polypeptides were translated from individual mRNAs except P (Mr approximately 44K) and the nonstructural polypeptide V (Mr approximately 24K) for which the mRNAs could not be separated. cDNA copies of SV5 specific mRNAs were synthesized and cloned in plasmid pBR322. Clones to NP, P + V, M, F, and HN were identified by hybrid-arrest and hybrid-selection translation of SV5 mRNAs. Tryptic peptide mapping of polypeptides P and V indicated that the peptides of V were a subset of those of P. Hybridization of cDNA probes to infected cell mRNAs separated on agarose gels permitted identification of the NP, P + V, M, F, and HN mRNAs and presumptive polycistronic mRNAs. The sizes and sequence homologies of these polycistronic mRNAs were used to derive a likely gene order on the SV5 50 S genome RNA. PMID- 6548595 TI - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase in skeletal muscles. IV. The effect of storage of bovine and swine muscles at 2 degrees C on their activity and subcellular distribution]. AB - Postmortem storage of bovine and porcine semimembranosus muscle under refrigeration (+2 degrees C) for 14 days did not result in a significant decrease of the total activity of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and beta hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase, but caused a loss of the activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase. During storage of the muscle tissue there was no detectable release of the three enzymes from the mitochondria into the sarcoplasmic fluid. Therefore, storage of muscle under the conditions used seems not to result in any remarkable damage of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. PMID- 6548596 TI - Total serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine; a comparison between Graves' disease and hyperthyroxinaemia due to thyroxine replacement. AB - Serum concentrations of total thyroxine (T4) and total triiodothyronine (T3) were measured in a group of patients (n = 113) presenting with untreated hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease and in subjects receiving oral T4 replacement (n = 93) in whom the total T4 concentration was supraphysiological (greater than 150 nmol/l). The mean total T4 concentration in the hyperthyroid group was 226 nmol/l, SD 59, range 151-420, and the mean total T3 concentration was 6.8 nmol/l, SD 2.73, range 3.1-17.5. For the group receiving T4 the mean total T4 concentration was 175 nmol/l, SD 25, range 150-258, and the mean total T3 concentration was 2.66 nmol/l, SD 0.45, range 1.7-4.2. In the hyperthyroid group a highly significant linear correlation was found between total T4 and total T3, T3 = 0.0354 T4 - 1.21, r = 0.761, P much less than 0.001, while in the patients taking T4 this correlation was less close, T3 = 0.0073 T4 + 1.39, r = 0.398, P much less than 0.001. The two groups are readily distinguished by expressing total T4 as a molar ratio of total T3. In the hyperthyroid group the mean T4:T3 ratio was 35.6, SD 7.8, range 19.9-56.1, compared to the patients on T4 where the mean T4:T3 ratio was 67.0, SD 11.7, range 44.3-114 (t = 22.5, P much less than 0.0001). An arbitrarily chosen value of 50 for the T4:T3 ratio affords a simple and convenient means of distinguishing the two categories: in only 3 patients with Graves' disease (2.6%) was the ratio above this, and it was below in only 5 patients (5.4%) taking T4.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548597 TI - [Isolation and identification of the urinary metabolite of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate]. PMID- 6548598 TI - [Effect of 7 alpha- and 7 beta-methyl-10 beta, 17 beta-diacetoxy-delta 4-estren-3 one on terminating early pregnancy]. PMID- 6548599 TI - [The structures of four minor diterpenequinones przewaquinones C, D, E and F from the root of Salvia przewalskii Maxim var mandarinorum (Diels) Stib]. PMID- 6548600 TI - Radioimmunoassays for protein C and factor X. Plasma antigen levels in abnormal hemostatic states. AB - Specific radioimmunoassays, sensitive to plasma levels of less than 1% of normal, were developed for protein C and Factor X. In 31 normal subjects, mean plasma antigen levels were as follows: protein C, 3.23 +/- 0.79 microgram/mL (2 SD); Factor X, 7.74 +/- 1.81 microgram/mL. In patient son chronic warfarin therapy, protein C and factor X were depressed equivalently: protein C, 42% +/- 20% (of a pooled plasma reference); Factor X, 44% +/- 24%. Protein C antigen fell much more rapidly than Factor X antigen when warfarin therapy was begun, creating an initial period of potential hypercoagulability. In patients with severe liver disease, mean protein C antigen (25% +/- 17%) was lower than Factor X antigen (51% +/- 29%). Protein C antigen levels did not appear to be a sensitive indicator of compensated intravascular coagulation or systemic fibrinolysis induced by infusion of streptokinase. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6548602 TI - Air-sampling strategies in the work environment. PMID- 6548601 TI - Renal-nonresponsive, bone-responsive pseudohypoparathyroidism. A case with normal vitamin D metabolite levels and clinical features of rickets. AB - Clinical signs of rickets developed in a previously healthy 13-year-old girl with normal features. She had hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone levels, and normal vitamin D metabolite levels, with osteitis fibrosa cystica on bone biopsy specimen. Her renal function was normal. Treatment with 1 microgram of calcitriol each day resulted in symptomatic and clinical relief and improvement of the serum chemical values. This patient probably has pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1, with renal nonresponsiveness and bone responsiveness. This disorder has the clinical features of rickets, but represents hyperparathyroid bone disease. PMID- 6548603 TI - The pharmacy computer system at the New England Medical Center. AB - The pharmacy computer system developed and implemented at the New England Medical Center (NEMC) is described. The system was developed to improve the department's fiscal performance and operations. It operates on NEMC's large mainframe system and has the following components-order entry, unit dose/patient profile, i.v. admixture, and financial/management. The system was designed to interface with the admissions and census system and use the pharmacy department's drug data file. It accepts medication orders from pharmacy satellites and then processes the orders according to the requirements for the i.v. admixture or unit dose procedures. Financial data are collected as a routine part of all medication order processing. The system allows for the entry of multiple medication orders on one cathode ray tube (CRT) screen, thus facilitating order entry. The use of programmed system defaults is described. Order entry, dose selection, and patient profiles are displayed on a CRT. An active order list is printed once daily at midnight to serve as a back-up for the system. The computer system has had a positive impact on the department's operational, clinical, and management functions. Future enhancements of the NEMC system are discussed. PMID- 6548604 TI - Evaluation of a published pharmacokinetic calculator program in a community hospital. PMID- 6548605 TI - Future health care and hospital pharmacy practice: Perspectives based on a unique experience. PMID- 6548606 TI - Esophageal, gastric, and intestinal candidiasis. AB - Gastrointestinal Candida infection is more prevalent than previously recognized. It is most often seen in patients with underlying impairment of the immune system but may also occur in apparently normal individuals. Esophageal involvement is most common, presenting with odynophagia, dysphagia, or bleeding. Gastric Candida infection may cause diffuse mucosal involvement or focal invasion of benign gastric ulcers. Intestinal candidiasis is uncommon and poorly characterized. The diagnosis is usually established by visualizing the characteristic yeast or mycelial forms in endoscopic brushings and biopsies. Oral nystatin is effective therapy in many patients, but other antifungal agents may be needed in extensive or persistent disease, especially in immunocompromised patients. PMID- 6548607 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D resistance, rickets, and alopecia. AB - Two unrelated kindreds with four affected children having 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D resistance, rickets, and alopecia are described. The children exhibited early onset of severe rickets with hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase levels, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Radiography showed diffuse demineralization and classic changes of rickets. All affected children had total-body alopecia. Serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 were elevated and rose to extremely high values during treatment, with no apparent change in the mineral disorder. However, secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypophosphatemia did remit during treatment despite persistently low calcium levels. Skin biopsy was performed in the parents and affected children in one kindred. Analysis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors in cultured fibroblasts indicated apparent normal receptors in the parents and undetectable receptors in both affected children. After long periods of treatment with vitamin D metabolites and mineral replacement, healing took place in the older child in each kindred. These data suggest that the healing occurred spontaneously as the children reached seven to nine years of age rather than as a result of the treatment. The biochemical lesion in these children appeared to be a genetically transmitted defect in the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. The mechanisms by which healing was initiated and maintained remain to be elucidated. PMID- 6548608 TI - Detection and quantification of small right-to-left shunts by the phase-plane method. AB - In six anesthetized dogs 70 indicator-dilution curves and phase-plane plots were recorded. Indocyanine green was injected into the superior vena cava and sampled through a dichromatic cuvette densitometer from the femoral artery. Dye-dilution curves were recorded from dogs with normal cardiovascular systems and repeated after right-to-left shunts of different magnitude were surgically produced. The percent of blood shunting was calculated according to standard indicator-dilution equations and also by means of oximetric determination of blood samples. They were compared with shunt estimates based on phase-plane loop measurements. Good correlation was found with standard indicator-dilution procedures (r = 0.890) but not with oximetry (r = 0.466). The phase plane shows its utility in the detection and evaluation of small right-to-left shunts. These shunts affect the initial portion of the phase plane and the alterations appear to be more evident than in the corresponding concentration-vs.-time curves. PMID- 6548609 TI - Myosin light chain phosphorylation in fast and slow skeletal muscles in situ. AB - The physiological properties of contraction-induced phosphate incorporation into the phosphorylatable light chain (P-light chain) of myosin were examined in fast twitch white, fast-twitch red, and slow-twitch skeletal muscles in situ. Neural stimulation of rat gastrocnemius muscles between 0.5 and 100 Hz produced an increase in the phosphate content of the P-light chain from the white portion of the muscle, and the rate of P-light chain phosphorylation was frequency dependent. The extent of phosphorylation of P-light chain from the fast-twitch red portion of the gastrocnemius muscle was less. In contrast to fast-twitch skeletal muscle, only high-frequency stimulation (30-100 Hz) produced a small increase in the phosphate content of P-light chain from the slow-twitch soleus muscle. Fast white muscle contained 2.2 and 3.5 times more myosin light chain kinase activity than did the fast red and slow muscle, respectively. The rate of P-light chain dephosphorylation was four times faster in slow muscle than in fast white muscle. Thus the greater extent of phosphorylation of P-light chain in fast twitch white skeletal muscle fibers may be due in part to the presence of more kinase and less phosphatase activities. Isometric twitch tension potentiation was correlated to the extent of phosphorylation of P-light chain from fast white muscle. The physiological consequences of P-light chain phosphorylation are likely to be of greatest importance in fast-twitch white muscle. PMID- 6548610 TI - Mechanism of chronic hypocalciuria with chlorthalidone: reduced calcium absorption. AB - Chlorthalidone, like other benzothiadiazides, lowers urine calcium excretion chronically. If intestinal calcium absorption did not fall or bone accretion did not increase, serum calcium and the filtered load of calcium would increase and urine calcium would return to pretreatment levels. To determine whether overall intestinal calcium absorption fell, we fed chlorthalidone (5 mg X kg body wt-1 X 24 h-1) to 10 adult male rats eating 15 g/day of a 0.6% calcium diet. Compared with 10 control rats, chlorthalidone reduced urine calcium [2.1 +/- 0.1 (SE) vs. 5.8 +/- 0.5 mg/6 days; P less than 0.001]. Fecal calcium rose (307 +/- 9 vs. 257 +/- 12; P less than 0.005) because percent intestinal calcium absorption fell (41 +/- 2 vs. 52 +/- 2; P less than 0.002). Twenty other rats given the same diet were injected subcutaneously with 1,25(OH)2D3 (50 ng/day). In these rats, chlorthalidone reduced urine calcium (23 +/- 3 vs. 59 +/- 3; P less than 0.001) and percent intestinal calcium absorption (60 +/- 1 vs. 66 +/- 1; P less than 0.01). With or without 1,25(OH)2D3, chronic administration of chlorthalidone reduces intestinal calcium absorption, and this reduction seems to be the mechanism that permits urine calcium excretion to remain low. PMID- 6548611 TI - Repairable posterior menisco-capsular disruption in anterior cruciate ligament injuries. AB - Two hundred thirty-four consecutive patients with a positive Lachman test underwent examination under anesthesia and diagnostic arthroscopy to include complete evaluation of both posterior menisco-capsular attachments. Knees which had had previous arthrotomy were excluded. Complete repairable posterior menisco capsular disruptions occurred in 31 of 112 (27.7%) acute cases and 36 of 122 (29.5%) knees in the chronic group. These lesions are not predictable by physical examination or by routine clinical grading of instability. Thorough arthroscopic examination to include direct visualization of the posterior menisco-capsular junction is necessary for complete diagnosis in anterior cruciate ligament injuries. PMID- 6548612 TI - Premedication for children. PMID- 6548613 TI - An inexpensive computerized enzyme kinetics system based on a Gilford spectrophotometer and an Apple IIe microcomputer. AB - A microcomputer-controlled data acquisition system for spectrophotometric enzyme kinetics measurements has been assembled. The system uses an Apple IIe computer which is interfaced to the binary coded decimal output of a Gilford spectrophotometer. No analog-to-digital converter had to be purchased. A BASIC program which collects timed absorbance readings every 500 ms, plots the data in real time, performs a linear regression of the data to measure the reaction rate, and calculates the enzyme activity concentration is given in full. Details describing the interfacing of the computer to the spectrophotometer are presented which will permit other laboratories to readily assemble their own systems using this hardware. Kinetic data acquired by the system are highly reproducible and agree well with data processed much more slowly by manual techniques from strip chart recordings. PMID- 6548614 TI - Some properties and applications of Superose 6B. AB - Applications of a new agarose-based medium for high-performance preparative gel filtration is described. The 30-micron bead size, high pore volume, and simple experimental technique to prepare highly efficient columns make Superose 6B very suitable for preparative purifications of protein mixtures in the molar mass range of 10(3) to 4 X 10(6). Sample load exceeds 100 mg/cm2, which indicates that gram quantities may be purified on K 50/60 columns. The scale-up procedure from analytical to preparative columns is demonstrated by the separation of serum samples and the industrial purification of an enzyme-antibody conjugate. PMID- 6548615 TI - [Use of needle reflexotherapy as a component of combined anesthesia in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6548616 TI - Effect of ivermectin in heifers on mortality and egg production of Psoroptes ovis. AB - Ten stanchioned heifers, heavily infested with Psoroptes ovis (Hering), were each given a single subcutaneous injection of 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg. Another 10 heavily infested heifers (stanchioned) were injected subcutaneously with the solvent system (vehicle) used to formulate the ivermectin. Treatment with the vehicle did not reduce mite populations or total egg counts. The 10 heifers treated with ivermectin had an immediate reduction in live mite and egg counts (an increase in the percentage of mortality of mites) and were completely free of psoroptic mites by 20 days after treatment. Ivermectin was equally effective against adult and immature psoroptic mites. PMID- 6548617 TI - Susceptibility and reservoir potential of the dog to spotted fever-group rickettsiae. AB - This study was initiated to determine the degree of susceptibility of dogs to virulent and nonvirulent spotted fever-group rickettsiae and to evaluate dogs as sources of infection for ticks. Dogs were exposed either by inoculation (syringe) or by infective tick bite to the following rickettsial serotypes: (1) Rickettsia rickettsii (Wachsmuth and Sawtooth female 2 strains), (2) R montana (M/5-6 B strain), and (3) R rhipicephali (3-7-female 6 strain). Results indicated that dogs inoculated with 1,000 or 10,000 egg infective doses of virulent R rickettsii developed a rickettsemia that was detectable as early as 4 days after inoculation to as late as 10 days. Conversely, none of the dogs inoculated with R montana (M/5-6 B) or R rhipicephali (3-7-female 6) or exposed to ticks infected with these strains developed detectable rickettsemia, fever, or other observable clinical signs. None of the 394 ticks that fed on rickettsemic dogs (R rickettsii) infected by inoculation became infected, and only 3 of 348 ticks (0.9% infection rate) were infected after feeding on dogs which had been infected by tick bite. All ticks fed on dogs exposed to R rhipicephali and R montana were shown to be free of rickettsiae. The largest concentrations of plaque-forming units (PFU) in Vero cell culture from undiluted whole blood were found on day 6 and on day 7 in dogs that were inoculated with 10,000 and 1,000 R rickettsii, respectively, of the Sawtooth female 2 strain. The highest rickettsial concentration observed for the dog infected by tick feeding was on day 9.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548618 TI - A computer program for constructing a maximum-likelihood map from linkage data and its application to human chromosome 1. AB - An algorithm is described which attempts to find the maximum likelihood order of the loci on a chromosome using linkage data. It can also use data on locus order if these are available. A computer program which applies this algorithm has been written, and tested on the data for human chromosome 1. The most likely possible order is GDH, PGD, ENO1, Rh, UMPK, Sc, PGM1, AMY, Fy, CAE, 1qh, CMT1, AT3, PEPC. PMID- 6548619 TI - Benzamidomethaneboronic acid: synthesis and inhibition of chymotrypsin. AB - Benzamidomethaneboronic acid (2) has been synthesized unambiguously from the reaction of dibutyl iodomethaneboronate and N-lithiohexamethyldisilazane to form dibutyl [bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]methaneboronate (4), which was desilylated, benzoylated, and hydrolyzed to 2. It has been shown that 2 is a strong competitive inhibitor of alpha-chymotrypsin (Ki = 8.1 X 10(-6) M, pH 7.5). The reaction product from dibutyl iodomethaneboronate and sodiobenzamide, previously shown to be a potent inhibitor of chymotrypsin, was shown by this work to be O linked isomer, benzimidoxy-methaneboronic acid (3). The pH-Ki profile over the pH range 6.5-9.5 was consistent with the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex which resembled the metastable tetrahedral reaction intermediates occurring during acylation and deacylation of chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis. PMID- 6548620 TI - Urinary excretion of the N-acetyl cysteine conjugate of cis-1,3-dichloropropene by exposed individuals. AB - A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric assay was developed to identify and measure the N-acetyl cysteine conjugate of cis-1,3-dichloropropene. The assay was used to show that individuals exposed to 1,3-dichloropropene vapor during field applications excrete this conjugate in their urine. The recoveries of the conjugate were correlated with the product of airborne concentrations and the duration of exposure (r = 0.83). PMID- 6548621 TI - Gastric cytoprotective properties of SCH 32651, a novel antiulcer agent. AB - The antisecretory activity of SCH 32651 (3-amino-2-methyl-8 phenylmethoxyimidazo[1,2-a] pyrazine HCl . 1/3 H2O) has been described in a preceding paper. This report describes its gastric cytoprotective properties. SCH 32651 inhibited the gastric lesions due to ethanol in a dose-dependent manner (ID50 = 5 mg/kg p.o.) and exerted its maximal effect when given 30 min before ethanol and had a duration of at least 90 min at 30 mg/kg p.o. The activity of SCH 32651 against ethanol was unaffected by indomethacin pretreatment. Furthermore, SCH 32651 produced significant increases in gastric mucus release (10-100 mg/kg p.o.) and rapidly reversed ethanol-induced (30-100 mg/kg p.o.) fall in gastric potential difference (PD). SCH 32651 displayed significant antiulcer activity in indomethacin-(30-100 mg/kg p.o.), aspirin - (30-100 mg/kg p.o.), "aspirin + acid" - (10-100 mg/kg p.o.), reserpine - (10-100 mg/kg p.o.), stress - (30-100 mg/kg p.o.), and cysteamine (10-100 mg/kg p.o.) ulcers. The present data in conjunction with those reported in a preceding paper indicate that SCH 32651 is an orally effective novel antiulcer drug with both gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties. PMID- 6548623 TI - Coloboma of optic nerve associated with serous maculopathy. A clinicopathologic correlative study. AB - A rhesus monkey with a congenital coloboma of the optic nerve head associated with serous macular detachment underwent intravenous (IV), intrathecal, and retrobulbar fluorescein angiography. No fluorescein leaked beneath the serous detachment after IV or intrathecal injection, although the retrobulbar injection caused a bolus to extravasate from the margin of the optic nerve coloboma, drifting toward the macular region temporally. Histopathologically, glial tissue replaced optic nerve axonal bundles in the temporal coloboma. The intermediary tissue of Kuhnt was disrupted, and fluid from the retrobulbar space diffused into the subretinal space temporally, where a localized retinal detachment extended from the optic nerve to the macula. Subretinal fluid in the macula associated with optic nerve coloboma might derive from (1) fluid perfusing into the retrobulbar space from surrounding orbital tissue, (2) peripapillary choriocapillaris, or (3) CSF. PMID- 6548622 TI - [Experimental toxicologic and therapeutic studies on the activity of the CMF(cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil) scheme versus the VMF(vincristine-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil) scheme]. AB - Experimental administration of the CMF scheme, which is used in adjuvant chemotherapy in humans, resulted in carcinogenic effects in rats. When substituting cyclophosphamide by vincristine, no carcinogenic activity was observed. The therapeutic effect of the VMF scheme was approximately equivalent to that of the CMF scheme in various experimental designs. It is discussed whether in adjuvant chemotherapy combinations should rather be used which lack any long-term toxicity such as carcinogenic effects. PMID- 6548624 TI - Assessment of the acute knee injury. AB - Knee injuries are the main reason for premature retirement from contact and rotational sports in the young healthy individual. They cause significant interference with employment, particularly tradesmen or persons with labouring jobs. These injuries may cause persisting disability and predisposition to early degenerative changes, if not recognised and appropriate treatment commenced early. PMID- 6548625 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in rat skeletal muscle during contraction. AB - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and several glycolytic intermediates were measured in two rat muscles, extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius, which were electrically stimulated in situ. Both the duration and the frequency of stimulation were varied to obtain different rates of glycolysis. There was no relationship between fructose 2,6-bisphosphate content and the increase in tissue lactate in contracting muscle. However, in gastrocnemius stimulated at low frequencies (less than or equal to 5 Hz), there was a 2-fold increase in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate at 10s, followed by a return to basal values, whereas lactate increased only after 1 min of contraction. The concentrations of hexose 6 phosphates, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and triose phosphates were all increased during the 3 min stimulation. During tetanus (frequencies greater than or equal to 10 Hz) fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was not increased, whereas glycolysis was maximally stimulated and resulted in an accumulation of tissue lactate, mostly from glycogen. The concentrations of hexose 6-phosphate increased continuously during the 1 min tetanus, whereas fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was increased at 10s and then decreased progressively. It therefore appears that fructose 2,6 bisphosphate does not play a role in the stimulation of glycolysis during tetanus; it may, however, be involved in the control of glycolysis when the muscles are stimulated at low frequencies for short periods of time. PMID- 6548626 TI - A diphenylmethane derivative selective for the anti-estrogen binding site may help define its biological role. AB - By employing as a probe the new compound, N,N-diethyl-2-[(4-phenyl-methyl) phenoxy]-ethanamine X HC1 (N,N-DPPE), which preferentially binds the anti estrogen binding site, it is demonstrated that this site appears to contribute to the growth inhibitory action of tamoxifen on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, even at lower concentrations of this anti-estrogen (1 X 10(-7) M to 1 X 10(-6) M) at which the major effect is clearly mediated via estrogen receptor. The combination of N,N-DPPE and tamoxifen is additive and this effect is not abolished by 17 beta-estradiol. This suggests that the anti-estrogen binding site is not simply a passive reservoir for binding tamoxifen, but may itself mediate the cytotoxic effects of specific ligands. PMID- 6548627 TI - Preparation and biological activity of taxol acetates. AB - Synthesis and biological activity of 2'-acetyltaxol and 7-acetyltaxol are reported. Activity is measured in vivo by cytotoxicity toward the macrophage-like cell line J774.2, and in vitro by promotion of microtubule assembly in the absence of exogenous GTP. Addition of an acetyl moiety at C-2' results in loss of in vitro activity but not cytotoxicity. The properties of 7-acetyltaxol are similar to those of taxol in its effects on cell replication and on in vitro microtubule polymerization. Therefore a free hydroxyl group at C-7 is not required for in vitro activity and this position is available for structural modifications. PMID- 6548628 TI - Structures of two cockroach neuropeptides assigned by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. AB - Amino acid sequences have been assigned to two cockroach neuropeptides (greater than Glu-Val-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asn-Trp-NH2, M I, and greater than Glu-Leu-Thr-Phe Thr-Pro-Asn-Trp-NH2, M II) by application of fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, including high resolution and linked scan (metastable) studies. The peptides show considerable homology with two other invertebrate neuropeptides, adipokinetic hormone (AKH, from a locust) and red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH, from a prawn), whose fast atom bombardment spectra were also studied. M I and M II are thus members of a family of structurally-related invertebrate neuropeptides. PMID- 6548629 TI - Functional efficiency of mitochondrial membrane of rats with hepatic chronic iron overload. AB - The effect of in vivo hepatic iron overload, induced by two different amounts of iron, on the energy-transducing efficiency of the mitochondrial membrane has been examined. It has been found that when the epatic iron concentration is up to a threshold value mitochondria present an anomalous membrane potential. Addition of oligomycin fully restitutes it. A low content of intramitochondrial K+ is connected with this pathological condition. A relative lack of antioxidant capability is parallely exhibited by these mitochondria. A possible involvement of lipid peroxidation process in vivo in causing the membrane potential drop and the net efflux of intramitochondrial K+ is suggested. PMID- 6548630 TI - Modulation by a human interferon of antitumor effects of cyclophosphamide against a lymphosarcoma in hamsters. AB - Administration to hamsters of a highly purified human leukocyte interferon subtype, IFN-alpha A, obtained by recombinant DNA methods, abolished the efficacy of high doses of cyclophosphamide (2.5 mg/hamster) against the TBD 932 lymphosarcoma. The effect was more pronounced with concomitant than with sequential treatments and did not occur with melphalan. Antagonistic effects occurred at high interferon doses (10(5) I.U./treatment), but an additive or synergistic positive effect occurred at lower interferon doses (10(3) I.U./treatment) and at lower, non-protective, doses of cyclophosphamide. These effects may be due to immunomodulatory responses induced by the drugs involved. PMID- 6548631 TI - Photoaffinity labeling of human brain dopamine receptors. PMID- 6548632 TI - [Two types of tripeptide conformation in collagen. Calculation of the structure of (Gly-Pro-Ser)n and (Gly-Val-Hyp)n polytripeptides]. AB - Conformational analysis of polypeptides (Gly-Pro-Ser)n and (Gly-Val-Hyp)n was carried out for collagen-like triple helical complexes (coiled coils with screw symmetry). The lowest energy structure of the first polymer (helical parameters t 52,8, h 0,282 nm) is very close to that of (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n. The hydroxyl group of a serine residue does not form any intramolecular hydrogen bonds in this structure. (Gly-Val-Hyp)n triple complex is shown to unwind to t 7,7, h 0,297 nm as a result of optimization procedure. These findings confirm the assumption, made earlier on the basis of conformational analysis of (Gly-Pro-Hyp)n, (Gly-Pro Ala)n, (Gly-Ala-Hyp)n, (Gly-Ala-Ala)n, that the collagen triple helix contains stable wound triplets with proline in the second position, while the absence of imino acid in the 2nd position facilitates the unwinding of the triple helix. Thus, a collagen helix appears to have different parameters for the sites differing in the amino acid sequence. The values measured in the X-ray experiments (h 0,29 nm, t' 36) should be considered as a result of averaging. The model allows to reconcile the X-ray data for collagen and crystalline (Gly-Pro Pro)10 oligomer. PMID- 6548633 TI - [Affinity modification of creatine kinase from the rabbit skeletal muscle by gamma-amide of ATP--a nitrogen mustard derivative]. AB - A study of creatine kinase modification by ATP gamma-(N-(2-chloroethyl)-N methyl)amide was performed. The attachment 1,7-1,8 moles of analogue per mole of functional dimer results in full inactivation of the enzyme. The substrates, ATP and ADP, protect the enzyme both against inactivation and covalent binding of analogue. The affinity modification rate depends on the reagent and magnesium ion concentrations and pH of the reaction mixture. The dissociation constants (1,0 and 1,5 mM) for the enzyme-analogue complexes and the affinity modification maximal rate constants (2,1 X 10(-3) and 1,2 X 10(-3) c-1) in the absence and presence of Mg2+ ions were estimated. Some differences in the affinity modification rates were observed for the nonidentical M and M'-subunits of creatine kinase. The data obtained are indicative of a histidine residue alkylation by the ATP analogue. This histidine (pK 7,7) may function as a general acid-base catalyst in deprotonation of the guanidinium group of creatine as the latter is phosphorylated by ATP. PMID- 6548634 TI - [Synthesis and use of thiophosphatidylcholine in 31P-NMR study of membranes]. AB - Thiophosphatidylcholines, i. e. phosphatidylcholine analogues in which one of phosphate oxygens is replaced by a sulfur atom, have been synthesized. The properties of aqueous dispersions of thiophosphatidylcholine and its equimolar mixture with diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin) have been studied by 31P NMR. The 31P resonance of thiophospholipids dissolved in deuterochloroform was found to be shifted 19 ppm downfield from the signals of natural phospholipids. This feature allowed a complete separation of signals of thiophospholipids and natural phospholipids in the 31P NMR spectra of model membranes by using "DANTE" pulse sequence. The possibility of employing thiophospholipids in 31P NMR studies of lipid polymorphism in model membranes was demonstrated. PMID- 6548635 TI - Conformational analysis of the antiulcer drug pirenzepine. X-ray investigations, molecular mechanics and quantum mechanical calculations and comparisons with structurally or pharmacologically related compounds. AB - The crystal structures of the antiulcer drug 5,11-dihydro-11-[(4-methyl-1 piperazinyl) acetyl]-6H-pyrido[2,3-b] [1,4]benzodiazepin-6-one dihydrochloride (pirenzepine dihydrochloride, L-S 519 CL 2, Gastrozepin) and its monoprotonated form (pirenzepine monohydrochloride, L-S 519 CL) were determined by X-ray analysis. Molecular mechanics (MMPI) and semiempirical quantum chemical (MNDO) calculations showed that the calculated minimum energy conformations of the tricycle and of the exocyclic amide group are in agreement with the crystal structures. The conformational energies of pirenzepine as a function of four important torsional angles were calculated using different semiempirical quantum chemical methods with the CNDO/2 (complete neglect of differential overlap)-, MNDO (modified neglect of diatomic overlap)- and PCILO (perturbative configuration interaction using localized orbitals)-approximations. The conformation of one local energy minimum corresponds closely to the crystal structure of pirenzepine monohydrochloride. This conformation has a spatial arrangement which is analogous to a single consistent conformation known from the literature of 24 anticholinergic agents determined from their crystal structures by a computer graphics analysis. On the other hand there are no structural relationships of any low energy conformation of pirenzepine to conformations of other classes of tricyclic compounds which could rationalize their antidepressant, neuroleptic or antihistaminic activity. This finding explains the absence of any central effect of pirenzepine following intracerebral application. The computational elucidation of the conformational requirements for the interaction with the muscarinic receptors may be helpful for the interpretation of the selectivity of pirenzepine within the muscarinic system. PMID- 6548636 TI - Absolute bioavailability of paracetamol after oral or rectal administration in healthy volunteers. AB - The absolute bioavailability of paracetamol (Tachipirina) administered in single doses orally and rectally was studied in nine healthy adult volunteers. The results of the rapid intravenous injection of 600 mg show that the kinetics of paracetamol can be represented by an open two-compartment model with introduction and elimination occurring in the central compartment. The oral administration shows an absolute bioavailability of 60-70% independent of the pharmaceutical form and gastric contents. The rectal administration shows a lower absolute bioavailability (of about 30-40%) substantially independent of dose in the range under consideration. The pharmaceutical form, food and the route of administration modify the plasma concentration-time curves of free paracetamol and of its main metabolites. A moderate inter-individual variation in the kinetics and the bioavailability was observed. PMID- 6548637 TI - [Spinal opiate analgesia]. AB - The spinal application of opiates is followed by a long-lasting and strong pain relief. This action is based upon the binding of opiates to specific opiate receptors situated in the substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. Two possible approaches exist - intrathecally or epidurally. The intrathecal opiate analgesia is combined with a very high incidence of side effects, so that this way cannot be recommended. The epidural opiate analgesia has proven good results with few side effects in the treatment of postoperative pain, pain of multiple rib fractures and other thoracic trauma or cancer pain. In obstetrics analgesia by spinal opiates was disappointing. Mode of action, possible side effects and the results of epidural opiates are discussed. PMID- 6548638 TI - Mass spectrometry of two new psychotropic drugs containing the 1,4-diazepine-2 thione group. PMID- 6548639 TI - Intrathecal administration of hyperbaric morphine for the relief of pain in labour. AB - Thirty healthy women in active labour received an intrathecal injection of morphine 0.5 mg (n = 12) or 1 mg (n = 18) in 7.5% dextrose. Both doses provided excellent analgesia for labour, 93% of patients obtaining at least 50% pain relief. Analgesia began 15-60 min after injection and did not decrease until 6-8 h after injection. Analgesia was satisfactory until distension of the perineum, either by forceps or the infant's head. The intrathecal injection of morphine did not adversely affect the condition of the infant. Eighty per cent of patients developed pruritus; 53%, nausea or vomiting, or both; 43%, urinary retention; and 43%, drowsiness. These side effects were decreased by naloxone, which did not affect the degree of analgesia. There was no significant depression of ventilation in any patient. These results suggest that morphine 0.5 mg or 1 mg, administered intrathecally, effectively decreases the pain of labour, and that i.v. administration of naloxone can alleviate the common side effects. PMID- 6548641 TI - Mammalian folyl polyglutamate synthetase: partial purification and properties of the mouse liver enzyme. AB - Folyl polyglutamate synthetase has been partially purified from mouse liver, and the general features of this enzyme have been characterized. The purification procedure utilized fractionation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose and resulted in a 350-fold increase in specific activity with 8-20% recovery of enzyme activity. Enzyme could be stabilized by glycerol or by ATP, but stability was not appreciably enhanced by folate. The enzymatic reaction was completely dependent on folate, ATP, and Mg2+ while partial reaction rates were observed in the absence of KCl or beta mercaptoethanol. Highest reaction rates were observed at pH 8.2-9.5 at 37 degrees C. Chromatography of purified enzyme on calibrated gel filtration columns suggested a molecular weight of 65 000. Mouse liver folyl polyglutamate synthetase coupled [3H]glutamic acid to all of the naturally occurring folates studied. Analysis of the reaction products by high-performance liquid chromatography demonstrated that several folyl oligoglutamates were formed at low substrate concentrations but that only folyl diglutamate was formed at substrate concentrations approaching saturation. Dihydrofolate, tetrahydrofolate, 5,10 methylenetetrahydrofolate, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5 formyltetrahydrofolate were the best substrates. Folic acid and 5 methyltetrahydrofolate were also substrates for this reaction, but much higher concentrations of these compounds were required to saturate the enzyme. These data suggest that all of the tetrahydrofolyl compounds (except 5 methyltetrahydrofolate) are the monoglutamyl substrates for polyglutamation in vivo and that 5-methyltetrahydrofolate is not likely to be a direct precursor for folate polyglutamates in mouse liver. PMID- 6548640 TI - Factors affecting the binding of lectins to normal human skin. AB - Factors affecting the binding of a wide range of lectins to normal human skin were examined in order to evaluate current discrepancies in the literature. The profile of specific binding characteristic for each lectin was found to be variously influenced by the source of conjugate, tissue-processing method, the effectiveness of saccharide inhibitors, and by individual and minor body site variations. Most significantly, the use of routine histological processing not only greatly reduced binding intensity overall but also altered the binding pattern. PMID- 6548642 TI - Effects of anesthetic and nonanesthetic steroids on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes: a calorimetric and Raman spectroscopic investigation. AB - The effects of anesthetic and nonanesthetic steroids on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes were studied by use of high sensitivity scanning calorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Calorimetric measurements indicated that both anesthetic and nonanesthetic steroids depressed and broadened the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition. There was no correlation between the perturbations by the steroids on the primary gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition temperature and anesthetic potency. The magnitudes of the steroid induced transition broadening and lowering of the pretransition temperature, however, correlated well with anesthetic potency. This effect appeared to arise from the projection from the plane of the D ring of substituents at the C(17) position of the steroid nucleus. Raman spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the steroid molecule is localized within the acyl region of the bilayer and that effects of the steroid do not extend to either the head-group or interface regions of the lamellae. The data are consistent with unitary hypotheses relating general anesthesia to lipid perturbations. For model systems, perturbations to the subtle structural and dynamical properties of the bilayer pretransition may provide a more sensitive marker than the main phase transition in assessing the significance of lipid mediation in inducing anesthetic action. PMID- 6548643 TI - Characterization of the aromatic proton magnetic resonance spectrum of crambin. AB - The hydrophobic protein crambin (Mr 4715) has an aromatic content of one phenylalanyl residue (site 13) and two tyrosyl residues (sites 29 and 44). The aromatic residues have been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy at 300 and 600 MHz for crambin dissolved in deuterated glacial acetic acid and in aqueous organic media. In particular, a 3:1 acetone/water mixture affords a solvent system of low viscosity, which yields very narrow line protein spectra. The aromatic proton spectrum is unusual in that signals are doubled. Spectral simulation of modified and unmodified crambin aromatic spin systems can be accomplished only by assuming that the protein is a mixture of two species. Dynamic 1H-[1H] Overhauser experiments centered on the aromatic doublets of Tyr29 indicate that the two species do not interconvert within 2 s. NMR spectra of crambin samples obtained by repeated crystallization in 17:3 acetone/water indicate that the process enriches the mixture with one component that does not convert to the other, even upon heating of the sample to 351 K. The combined evidence strongly favors the view that the doubled spectrum results from a compositional heterogeneity, most likely a mixture of two homologues, rather than from an equilibrium between interconvertible forms. This is important in view of the fact that its crystallographic structure, solved to 1.5-A resolution [Hendrickson, W.A., & Teeter, M. M. (1981) Nature (London) 290, 107-113], is based on samples containing the two species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548644 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of human erythrocyte cylindrin. AB - Cylindrin, a macromolecule isolated from the human erythrocyte, and the band 7 proteins of the erythrocyte membrane were analyzed by one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis. Cylindrin was recovered from both the cytosol and cell membranes of hypotonically lysed erythrocytes, and its identity was confirmed by electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. Cylindrin from either source produced eight bands on one-dimensional SDS gels, and seventeen spots on two-dimensional gels, revealing a more complex composition than previously reported. It is unlikely that this complexity was due to proteolysis, since preparations of cylindrin with various protease inhibitors gave the same electrophoretic patterns. Mixing experiments showed that the polypeptide subunits of the cylindrin complex are distinct from the band 7 proteins of the erythrocyte membrane. This finding failed to support a role for the cylindrin macromolecule in the permeability disorders of the erythrocyte membrane associated with a missing band 7 protein. PMID- 6548646 TI - Inactivation of unbound rat liver glucocorticoid receptor by N-alkylmaleimides at sub-zero temperatures. AB - A series of N-alkylmaleimides was shown to inactivate effectively the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor at neutral pH. A partial purification of the unbound cytosolic receptor by protamine sulfate precipitation and a careful stabilization of the essential thiol by dithiothreitol and sodium molybdate before the alkylation step appeared essential to obtain pseudo-first-order kinetics. Moreover, performing the experiment at -12 degrees C in buffer containing 40% glycerol as antifreeze agent resulted in increased receptor stabilization and a slowing-down of the inactivation process, which could then be more accurately studied. This process was demonstrated to be dose- and pH-dependent in the case of N-ethyl- and N-nonylmaleimides. Furthermore, comparison of the various N alkylmaleimides revealed a striking increase of receptor inactivation with increasing chain length of the maleimide derivative. Full protection against inactivation was afforded by previous [3H]dexamethasone binding on the receptor. Long-chain N-alkylmaleimides inactivated by beta-mercaptoethanol were still able to inhibit the [3H]-dexamethasone binding noncovalently. Likewise N nonylsuccinimide was shown to compete with [3H]dexamethasone for receptor binding. It is suggested that the chain length effect observed in the inactivation process is related to nonpolar interactions in the binding of maleimides to the receptor prior to the irreversible alkylation of sulfhydryl groups. These groups lie in a hydrophobic environment, probably in the steroid binding site itself. PMID- 6548645 TI - Relation between red cell anion exchange and water transport. AB - A new distilbene compound, 4',4'-dichloromercuric-2,2,2',2'-bistilbene tetrasulfonic acid (DCMBT), has been synthesized for use in studies of anion and water transport in the human red cell. DCMBT combines features of both the specific stilbene anion transport inhibitor, DIDS, and the mercurial water transport inhibitor, pCMBS. This new compound inhibits anion transport almost completely with a Ki of 15 microM. DCMBT also inhibits water transport by about 15-20% with a Ki of about 8 microM. Treatment of red cells with DIDS inhibits the effect of DCMBT on water transport, suggesting that anion transport and water transport are mediated by the same protein. PMID- 6548647 TI - Studies on human fibronectin and liposomal encapsulated forms in rats and rabbits. AB - Human fibronectin as the free glycoprotein or in liposomal form was injected into rabbits and rats. Organ distribution, lifetimes and cell penetration were examined using radioactively marked material. A major difference is that liposomal fibronectin is largely concentrated in the lungs whereas most of the free protein is found in the liver. Fixation to human erythrocytes both washed and in total blood was also studied for both forms of fibronectin. PMID- 6548648 TI - Raman spectroscopic study of the interaction of poly-L-lysine with dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol bilayers. AB - The interaction of the basic polypeptide poly-L-lysine with the negatively charged phospholipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol was studied using Raman spectroscopy. The nature of the interaction appeared to depend on the molar ratio of the constituents. At up to one lysine group per lipid molecule, the bilayer was stabilized by the polypeptide that underwent a conformational transition toward an ordered alpha-helical structure, in which the electrostatic interactions were probably maximal. The stabilization of the bilayer was detected by an increase in both the temperature of the thermotropic transition of the lipid and the interchain vibrational coupling of the methylene C-H vibrations. At higher poly-L-lysine concentration, hydrophobic interactions must have been involved to explain the binding of excess polypeptide. There seemed to be a penetration of poly-L-lysine in the bilayer that increased with the polypeptide concentration. Under these conditions, the chain-packing lattice gradually changed from hexagonal to either orthorhombic or monoclinic symmetry. We believe that this change of structure is associated with the interdigitation of the acyl chains. PMID- 6548650 TI - On the contribution of moment-bearing links to bending and twisting in a three dimensional sliding filament model. AB - Previously (Hines, M., and J.J. Blum 1983, Biophys. J., 41:67-79), a method was developed that allowed one to compute curvature and twist for a three-dimensional sliding filament model. In that formalism it was difficult to specify the shear and bending moments arising from moment-bearing interfilament links such as fixed 5-6 bridges or dyneins. Euler's equation offers a straightforward method for computing these bending and shear moments when the potential energy stored in the links as a function of axonemal shape is specified. We used this approach to examine the effect of 5-6 bridges on curvature and twist for several distributions of internal shear moments. Twist changes the angle that a link makes with a doublet and thus in some circumstances may reduce the potential energy stored in those links. Twist is a second-order effect proportional to the square of the distance between an outer doublet and the neutral axis. Fixed links will not generate twist if they are symmetrically located around the axoneme. PMID- 6548649 TI - Effect of orientational order on the decay of the fluorescence anisotropy in membrane suspensions. Experimental verification on unilamellar vesicles and lipid/alpha-lactalbumin complexes. AB - Various models for the analysis of time-dependent fluorescence anisotropy measurements were evaluated. The discussion was based on the analysis of pulsed experiments with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene embedded in small unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine or dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine/alpha-lactalbumin complexes. It was shown that a recently proposed model (Van der Meer, W., H. Pottel, W. Herreman, M. Ameloot, H. Hendrickx, H. Schroder, 1984, Biophys. J., 46:515-523) described the data better than did the earlier suggested cone model (Kinosita K., Jr., S. Kawato, and A. Ikegami, 1977, Biophys. J., 20:289-305). This permitted the use of the new model for the estimation of the second- and fourth-rank order parameters on nonoriented systems. The results indicated that a fraction of the probes was oriented perpendicularly to the preferred direction of the lipids. An increase of the rotational correlation times of the fluorescent probe and a higher order of its environment were detected after the interaction of alpha-lactalbumin with the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles at acidic pH at 24.2 degrees C. PMID- 6548651 TI - Influenza-C-virion-associated RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase activity. AB - The addition of detergent-solubilized influenza C virus to a reaction mixture containing ATP, CTP, GTP, [3H]UTP, and Mg2+ leads to the synthesis of an acid insoluble, radioactive product, which is ribonuclease-sensitive. The dinucleoside monophosphate ApG clearly enhances the reaction rate, a fact which indicates that influenza C viruses follow the same strategy of transcription as influenza A and B viruses, the other members of the orthomyxovirus family. PMID- 6548652 TI - Efficacy of the M-2 protocol in previously untreated patients with advanced multiple myeloma. AB - 37 consecutive, previously untreated patients with advanced multiple myeloma (16 patients Stage II, 21 patients Stage III) were treated with a five drug regimen consisting of carmustine, melphalan, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and prednisolone (M-2-protocol) in a prospective manner. Remission was achieved in 24 patients (65%). The median time to remission was 10 weeks, the median duration of remission 15,3 months. Median survival time from the onset of treatment was 24 months for all patients. Responding patients have a projected 65% three year survival. Median survival in non-responders was 10 months. 8 patients died during the first year of treatment. These results do not confirm the favourable results with this drug combination obtained in a previous trial. The discrepancy may be explained by a higher proportion of poor risk patients in the present study. PMID- 6548654 TI - Neuropeptide Y in the stria terminalis: evidence for an amygdalofugal projection. AB - Lesions of the stria terminalis in the rat brain indicate that neuropeptide Y, a recently isolated peptide of the pancreatic polypeptide family, projects rostrally in an efferent pathway from the amygdaloid complex. Marked depletions of NPY-immunoreactivity observed by immunocytochemistry were apparent in the laterobasal septum and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, but most markedly in rostrolateral regions of the bed nucleus of the strial terminalis. PMID- 6548653 TI - AF64A, a cholinergic neurotoxin, selectively depletes acetylcholine in hippocampus and cortex, and produces long-term passive avoidance and radial-arm maze deficits in the rat. AB - The behavioral and biochemical effects of AF64A, a presynaptic cholinergic neurotoxin, were investigated. Bilateral administration of this compound into the lateral cerebral ventricles produced transient and dose-related effects on sensorimotor function and long-term impairments of cognitive behavior. Male Fischer-F344 rats dosed with either 15 or 30 nmol of AF64A reacted 29-62% faster than CSF-injected controls in a hot-plate test 14 (but not 1, 7, 21 or 28) days following dosing. The group administered 15 nmol of AF64A was also significantly more active (41%) than controls 28 days following dosing. The activity level of this group was comparable to that of controls at other times and hyperactivity was never observed in the 30 nmol group. Retention of a step-through passive avoidance task, assessed 35 days after dosing, was impaired in both the 15 and the 30 nmol groups. Their step-through latencies were significantly shorter than the control latencies, and they exhibited more partial entries during the 24-h retention test. Radial-arm maze performance, measured 60-80 days following treatment, was markedly impaired in the treated groups. Animals treated with AF64A made fewer correct responses in their first 8 choices, required more total selections to complete the task, and had an altered pattern of spatial responding in the maze. The neurochemical changes produced by AF64A, determined 120 days after dosing, were specific to the cholinergic system and consisted of decreases of ACh in both the hippocampus (15 and 30 nmol groups) and the frontal cortex (30 nmol group). The concentrations of catecholamines, indoleamines, their metabolites and choline in various brain regions were not affected by AF64A. Furthermore, histological analysis revealed that the doses of AF64A used in the present study did not damage the hippocampus, the fimbria-fornix, the septum or the caudate nucleus. These data support the contention that cholinergic processes in the hippocampus and/or frontal cortex play an important role in learning and memory processes. Furthermore, based upon the behavioral and biochemical data presented, it is suggested that AF64A could be a useful pharmacological tool for examining the neurobiological substrates of putative cholinergic disorders such as senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. PMID- 6548655 TI - PCAVR: a portable laboratory program for performing varimax-rotated principal components analysis of event-related potentials. AB - A portable laboratory computer program for performing varimax-rotated principal components analysis (PCA) of event-related potentials (ERPs) is described. The program is written in FORTRAN 77; its compiled version requires 429, 140 bytes of memory. The program reads a matrix of numbers from an input file. The PCA can be performed on either the variance/covariance or the correlation matrix. The program computes the first six principal components. The user is given the option of rotating as many of the principal components as desired based upon the percentages of variance that they account for. Eigenvalues, percentages of variance, cumulative percentages of variance, factor loadings, and factor scores are written to an output file. Description of the program is preceded by a conceptual overview both of PCA as a factor analytic technique and of the application of PCA to ERP data analysis. PMID- 6548656 TI - Catabolism of 6-keto prostaglandin E1 by rat kidney homogenates. AB - 6-Keto prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was catabolized into two major products by homogenates of rat kidney in the presence of NAD. Rat brain was mostly deficient in this catabolic activity. A total profile of products from these experiments could be obtained using the pentafluorobenzyl esters, O-methyloxime, and trimethylsilyl either derivatives and analysis by capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The same samples could be effectively analyzed by mass spectrometry using negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) detection. While 6-keto PGE1 showed spasmogenic activity on the rat stomach fundus as well as inhibition of the ADP-induced platelet aggregation, its catabolites lacked such activity. Analysis of rat whole blood by mass spectrometry using the NICI technique showed the presence of small amounts of 6-keto PGE1 and its 15-keto and 15-keto 13,14-dihydro catabolites in two of eight blood samples. PMID- 6548657 TI - Myeloproliferative disorder with profound hypereosinophilia associated with chemotherapy for breast cancer. AB - A 47-year-old woman developed a unique myeloproliferative disorder 36 months after receiving adjuvant chemotherapy postoperatively for breast carcinoma. Her bone marrow and peripheral blood exhibited many of the myelodysplastic changes commonly observed in treatment-linked leukemia. In addition, there was striking marrow and blood eosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration in multiple organs. She also developed a poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma which responded to therapy. Her myeloproliferative disorder, with marked eosinophilia, continued to progress, however, and she died shortly after its diagnosis. PMID- 6548658 TI - The management of stage II supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. A retrospective review of 114 previously untreated patients over 14 years. AB - Between January, 1968 and July, 1981, 114 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed supradiaphragmatic stage II Hodgkin's disease were treated at St. Bartholomew's Hospital on the basis of pathologic staging (PS) in 56 (47 IIA, 9 IIB) and clinical staging (CS) in 58 (23 IIA, 35 IIB). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 104 (91%) patients, of whom 27 have relapsed. Ninety-three patients remain alive, the cumulative predicted survival at 10 years being 81%, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and a maximum of 15 years. Mantle radiotherapy (RT) was prescribed for 76 patients, of whom 67 (88%) entered CR. The duration of CR correlated inversely with the presence of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. No patient with PS IIA and a normal chest radiograph has yet relapsed, whereas in contrast, a rising probability of relapse is related to increasing volume of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. Combination chemotherapy (CT) with mustine, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone (MVPP) was prescribed to 38 patients, 27 with "B" symptoms and 11 stage IIA patients with "unfavorable" features. CR was attained in 32 (84%) patients, of whom 24 subsequently proceeded to mantle irradiation. Only one of these has relapsed, compared to two of eight patients who did not receive adjuvant RT (P = NS). The duration of remission of patients receiving combined modality therapy (CT + RT) or CT alone was significantly longer (P less than 0.05) than that of patients receiving RT alone, in spite of the fact that the CT + RT group comprised predominantly patients with unfavorable features. PMID- 6548659 TI - Enhancement by phenothiazine and 2,5-di-O-acetyl-D-glucosaccharo-(1,4)(6,3) dilactone of bladder carcinogenicity of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide in rats. AB - Rats concomitantly fed N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) and phenothiazine, or concomitantly fed FANFT and Glucaron then fed Glucaron alone had significantly greater incidences of transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder than rats fed FANFT alone. Caffeine and cysteamine did not affect FANFT bladder carcinogenesis. Phenothiazine induced nitroreductase activity of hepatic microsomes. PMID- 6548660 TI - Treatment of metastatic ovarian carcinoma with amsacrine: a cancer and leukemia group B phase II study. PMID- 6548661 TI - Phase II trial of amsacrine in pancreatic carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. PMID- 6548662 TI - Cord-factor analogs: synthesis of 6,6'-di-O-mycoloyl- and -corynomycoloyl-(alpha D-galactopyranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside). AB - Appropriate solvolysis of 2,3,2',3'-tetra-O-benzyl-4,6,4', 6'-tetra-O-mesyl alpha,alpha-trehalose gave 2,3,2',3' -tetra-O-benzyl-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside) (2). Selective tosylation or mesylation of 2 respectively gave the 6, 6'-ditosylate (3) and 6,6'-dimesylate (4), the structures of which were confirmed by the 1H-n.m.r. spectra of the corresponding 4,4'-di-O-acetyl derivatives. Treatment of 3 with potassium mycolate in toluene, and subsequent hydrogenolysis, gave the 6'-mycolate 6-tosylate derivative. Treatment of 3 with potassium mycolate or potassium corynomycolate in hexamethylphosphoric triamide, followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis, yielded the respective cord-factor analogs 6,6'-di-O-mycoloyl-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl alpha D-galactopyranoside) and 6,6'-di-O-corynomycoloyl-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl alpha D-galactopyranoside). The same 6,6'-diesters were obtained from the 6,6' dimesylate 4. Putative 4,6-anhydro-6'-monomycolates are also described. PMID- 6548663 TI - Synthesis of 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)erythritol and 3-C-methylerythritol. AB - 3-C-(Hydroxymethyl)erythritol was prepared from 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-2,3-O isopropylidene-D-erythro-tetrofuranose (4) by hydrolysis followed by reduction, or by reduction followed by hydrolysis. Monotosylation of 4, followed by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride and hydrolysis, afforded 3-C methylerythritol. PMID- 6548664 TI - [Immunotherapy with Broncho-Vaxom in the treatment and prevention of recurrent inflammations of the respiratory system]. PMID- 6548665 TI - [Prosobee as a substitute in a rice preparation]. PMID- 6548666 TI - Studies on the constituents of leguminous plants. VI. The structure elucidations of monoterpene glycosides from fruits of Gymnocladus chinensis Baillon. PMID- 6548667 TI - Studies on peptides. CXXI. Nin-mesitylenesulfonyl-tryptophan, a new derivative for peptide synthesis. PMID- 6548668 TI - [Microcomputers: strategy for choosing]. PMID- 6548669 TI - [Inside the microcomputer]. PMID- 6548670 TI - Spot identification in two-dimensional patterns by a least-squares template matching. AB - The coordinates of the center of measured spots are nonlinearly transformed to get an optimal match between the transformed coordinates and the given coordinates of a reference pattern. The parameters of the transformation are determined by the minimum of a function of squared distances between all spots of the sample and of the reference pattern. The algorithm requires a priori defined correspondences between some pivot points in the sample and the reference and treats their distances differently from the others. The parameters of the transformation are the solutions of a system of nonlinear equations; their numerical values are obtained by iteration. PMID- 6548671 TI - Development and validation of a specific radioimmunoassay for PHI in plasma. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay for the recently isolated neuropeptide with N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine amide (PHI) has been developed which can detect 3.0 pmol/l of the peptide in plasma. The routine antiserum produced in rabbit had a titre of 1:800 000 and recognized the sequence 3-8 of the 27 amino acid peptide. Labelling of PHI with 125I was performed by the chloramine T method, and labelled PHI was separated from unlabelled on an octadecylsilyl (ODC)-silica column. Non-specific interference in the assay was excluded by extraction of plasma with ethanol to a mean recovery of 82.4%. Plasma samples diluted parallel to the standard curve and behaved as PHI on ODC-silica column. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) values at a level of 24.0 pmol/l were 6.3% and 13.1%, respectively. In 75 normal adults, the fasting PHI concentration ranged from 3.5-30.0 pmol/l with a mean of 14.2 pmol/l. In 235 children, the PHI concentration varied with age. Ingestion of a meal caused a rapid and short-lived increase in the PHI concentration. PMID- 6548672 TI - Spontaneous secretion of thyroid autoantibodies by cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis detected by micro-ELISA techniques. AB - The spontaneous in vitro production of anti-thyroglobulin (aTg) and anti microsomal (aM) antibodies by mononuclear cells (MNC) from patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) was analysed by an ELISA detection system. MNC from 35 HT patients spontaneously produced detectable levels of both autoantibodies in vitro (i.e., without mitogenic or antigenic stimulation). aTg was quantified using a reference aTg IgG standard and ranged from 55 to 9,000 ng aTg. Specificity of aTg by ELISA was assessed using heterologous Tg antigen (Ag). Microsomal Ag obtained by gel filtration was far less contaminated with Tg than the ultracentrifugation pellet. Specificity of aM ELISA was assessed using insulinoma membrane as unrelated Ag and by blocking aM detection only with microsomal Ag. aM levels in the 35 supernatants ranged from 0.1 to 1.12 OD. A direct correlation was found between aM serum titres detected by haemagglutination and in vitro aM spontaneous production, but not for aTg. This lack of correlation for aTg might have biological relevance. Tg restimulation in vitro enhanced aTg production in only four out of 18 cases, of which only one was significant. This system provides a tool for studies of the immunoregulation of thyroid autoantibody formation in vitro. PMID- 6548673 TI - [An autopsy case of intracranial fungal (Aspergillus) mycotic aneurysm]. PMID- 6548674 TI - Significance of the endogenous digoxin-like substance in infants and mothers. AB - Digoxin serum concentrations were measured by a routine radioimmunoassay in 30 neonates not receiving digoxin; nonetheless, digoxin levels were between 0.17 nM and 1.64nM (means = 0.64nM +/- 0.27 nM). There was a negative correlation between gestational age and concentration of an endogenous digoxin-like substance (EDLS). Neonates less than or equal to 32 wk gestational age had higher levels of EDLS than neonates greater than 32 wk old. EDLS concentrations were compared in 22 mothers and their 24 offspring and were higher in all newborn infants (0.34nM +/- 0.09nM and 0.15nM +/- 0.08nM). EDLS was shown to inhibit Na+-K+ adenosinetriphosphatase activity by measurement of 86Rb uptake in erythrocytes exposed to sera samples from 30 infants in the study. EDLS levels greater than 0.6 ng/ml were associated with lesser 86Rb uptake. Simulation kinetics suggest that the presence of 0.6nM EDLS would lengthen the digoxin t1/2 by 64%, reduce the volume of distribution by 23%, and lower clearance by 53% if the peak "true" digoxin level were 2 ng/ml. EDLS concentrations of 1.5 ng/ml would increase the t1/2 by 207% while reducing the volume of distribution by 43% and clearance by 81%. These considerations cast serious doubts on the validity of currently accepted digoxin kinetics and dosing in preterm infants. PMID- 6548675 TI - Are lymphocyte subset determinations affected by storage conditions? AB - The effect of overnight storage, either at room temperature or at 4 degrees C, on total T cells, helper cells, suppressor cells, and HLA-DR-positive cells was determined by flow cytometry and fluoresceinated monoclonal antibodies on peripheral whole blood samples. No differences were noted in any of the subsets regardless of storage conditions when samples were analyzed within 24 hr. PMID- 6548676 TI - Transmissibility of the contagious equine metritis organism for the cat. AB - A group of SPF cats were moderately susceptible to the causal organism of contagious equine metritis (CEM) following intra-uterine or intrapreputial challenge with an Irish streptomycin resistant strain isolated from a clinically infected mare. Subclinical infections were established in only 50% of the cats, none of which became long-term carriers of the organism. Cytological examination of vaginal smears was of no diagnostic value in confirming infection in inapparently infected cats. Bacteriological responses after primary or secondary challenge with the CEM organism were essentially similar, with one exception, a female cat in which there was possible evidence of local immunity persisting after the primary infection. Efforts to reactivate shedding subsequent to the immediate post-challenge period were unsuccessful. Throughout the experimental period, the cats remained sero-negative to the complement-fixation test, and they failed to develop any significant increase in the levels of antibody activity as measured by the kinetics-based ELISA or KELA system. On day 89 after primary challenge, the cats were euthanized and various sites in the genitourinary tract and the internal iliac lymphatic glands subjected to bacteriological and pathological examination for evidence of CEM infection with negative results. The findings of this study, although establishing the transmissibility of the CEM organism for the cat, demonstrate the limited value of this species as an experimental model system for the disease in the horse. PMID- 6548677 TI - New directions in scientific computing: impact of advances in microprocessor architecture and system design. AB - The new generation of microcomputers has brought computing power previously restricted to mainframe and supermini computers within the reach of individual scientific laboratories. Microcomputers can now provide computing speeds rivaling mainframes and computational accuracies exceeding those available in most computer centers. Inexpensive memory makes possible the transfer to microcomputers of software packages developed for mainframes and tested by years of experience. Combinations of high level languages and assembler subroutines permit the efficient design of specialized applications programs. Microprocessor architecture is approaching that of superminis, with coprocessors providing major contributions to computing power. The combined result of these developments is a major and perhaps revolutionary increase in the computing power now available to scientists. PMID- 6548678 TI - An intentional-action guiding algorithm in a user-programmable memory prosthesis. AB - Patients with memory problems tend to forget what their intentions are in the course of carrying out a series of sequential actions directed towards a desired goal. To aid in this problem, a working memory prosthesis has been designed and implemented on a microcomputer connected to a voice synthesizer. The instrument keeps the patient on the track of his current action plan by uttering pre-stored spoken instructions at periodic intervals. An interface algorithm allows the user to enter the steps of his own routine action-patterns in computer memory along with mnemonics for evoking them. Further potential uses of such a memory prosthesis are described. PMID- 6548679 TI - Planning a clinical trial with allowance for cost and patient recruitment rate. AB - This paper deals with: (1) estimation of the optimum clinical trial size minimizing the total cost, given types I and II errors, alpha, beta and response rate difference, delta; (2) studying the test performance by calculating the operating characteristic curve in case of available fixed total cost; (3) mapping the future course of the patient recruitment plan by estimating recruitment rate and final intake based on enrollment to date; (4) projecting the recruitment duration and probability of achieving the contracted goal in case the recruitment rate is well established. PMID- 6548680 TI - CEPHS--a system for computer analysis of cephalometric radiographs. AB - A system developed for computer-aided analysis of cephalometric radiographs is described. Capabilities of the system include a method to digitize the radiographs using a personal computer and to upload the data to mainframe computer. Extensive cephalometric analysis measurements are performed, and superimposition of plots a series of radiographs is also possible. In addition, the system is capable of generating normal measurement values for various patient groupings, and of producing plots of normal radiographs for these groupings. PMID- 6548681 TI - A microcomputer system for monitoring and analysing oxyhemoglobin saturation during sleep. AB - A computerized data acquisition and analysis routine was developed to quantitate respiratory disturbances in sleeping patients. Polysomnographic recordings of patients consisted of electroencephalograms, electro-occulograms, submental electromyograms, air flow at the nose and mouth, esophageal pressure, and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2). SaO2, a physiological effect of ventilatory airflow, was sampled every two seconds and stored on disk during the night's study for subsequent analysis. Wild points in the data file can be marked so that they will be skipped during analysis. Patient polysomnographs were scored manually for sleep stage by a sleep technician. A file was then created containing the scored sleep information with time marks corresponding to each change in sleep stage during the study. An analysis routine used this file to develop indices of sleep apnea, severity for combinations or specific stages of sleep. These indices were: (A) number of oxyhemoglobin desaturation episodes per hour; (B) average maximum desaturation per episode; and (C) desaturation index, the product of (A) and (B). A graph was plotted showing cumulative sleep time at given SaO2 values. The degree of sleep apnea can be determined using these indices. PMID- 6548682 TI - A FORTRAN program to perform the nonparametric Terpstra-Jonckheere test. AB - The present FORTRAN program performs the nonparametric Terpstra-Jonckheere test of significance on ordered alternatives. The program is short, simple and easy to use and can be implemented on any machine including a desk-top microcomputer. When groups are ordered, the test provides more power than the Kruskal-Wallis H test and similar multiple comparison tests. PMID- 6548683 TI - DOSSTAT: a conversational program for statistical analysis of radioimmunoassays. AB - An easy-to-use conversational program is described and illustrated for the statistical analysis of radioimmunoassays. Variations of expected counts with dose are described by a logistic model with four parameters. It is possible to take into account the dissymmetry of the calibration curve and the heteroscedasticity of the variance of the counts. Confidence intervals for unknowns are calculated according to a new method which is based on confidence intervals for functions of parameters. PMID- 6548684 TI - An operative system for treatment of electropharmacological signals with a microprocessor. AB - We describe an operative system in BASIC language for data acquisition, storage and treatment of biological signals (action potential and transmembrane currents) in cardiac electropharmacology/physiology. The hardware includes a digital oscilloscope, a microprocessor, a X-Y Plotter and a disc unit. The operative system includes a main menu from which one can go directly to whatever program for data acquisition, storage, treatment and graphing. PMID- 6548686 TI - STATCALC: an integrated statistics system for the Apple II microcomputer. PMID- 6548685 TI - Multidimensional curve fitting program for biological data. AB - A program written for use with the IBM-PC can be used to find least squares solutions to linearized multidimensional equations. The program is 'user friendly' by requiring little from the user except to make decisions; most responses can be entered by a single keystroke. Once data are entered by the user, they can be repeatedly manipulated, graphed, and correlated. Many models relating data variables can be tried relatively easily, and best fit results found. Examples using respiratory mechanical data illustrate the ease of model comparisons. PMID- 6548687 TI - The effect of chemical intravaginal contraceptives and Betadine on Ureaplasma urealyticum. AB - The purpose of this study was to find a barrier contraceptive agent capable of controlling infections and sexual transmission of Ureaplasma urealyticum from the female genital tract, especially to help reduce nongonococcal urethritis in males caused by this organism. Therefore, the in vitro antimicrobial activity of six intravaginal contraceptives and BetadineR against the eight serotypes of the organism was investigated. The results indicate that some of these contraceptives produce partial inhibition of the Ureaplasma at low dilutions, while BetadineR produces a ureaplasmacidal effect up to dilutions of 1:64. These effects appear not to be due primarily to the pH of these agents. Thus, some of these agents may have a potential role in controlling transmission of Ureaplasma urealyticum. PMID- 6548688 TI - The practitioner's role in detection of adverse drug reactions. PMID- 6548689 TI - Collection of data in investigations done in the Research Institute's laboratory of the clinical physiology of breathing, and their computerization. AB - The authors discuss the problem of the need for and utilization of a computer in the research and clinical laboratory, of the Research Institute's department of the clinical physiology of breathing. They report on their own way of an economical use of computers for the collection, storage and evaluation of data. Most important is a uniform approach to the arrangement of data in the databank, which makes it possible, even with a different number and type of data about the patients examined and with different kinds of sets, to use a wide range of statistical, computing, sorting and graphic methods without any modifications and without the development of new programmes. PMID- 6548691 TI - [Nucleotide sequence of the hemagglutinin gene of the influenza virus A/Udorn/307/72 (H3N2)]. PMID- 6548690 TI - Hydrogen breath test quantification and clinical correlation of lactose malabsorption in adult irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis. AB - Lactose malabsorption was studied, by hydrogen breath test, in 72 adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome, in 20 ulcerative colitis patients, and in 69 healthy subjects. The minimum dose of lactose required to cause a positive breath test was determined, and the symptoms caused and the resulting hydrogen eliminated quantified. A high incidence of lactose malabsorption was shown at standard doses (up to 50 g) in both the healthy subjects (70%) and the patients (86% and 85%, respectively). In the irritable bowel syndrome and the ulcerative colitis groups, symptoms occurred with a smaller quantity of breath hydrogen, presumably in association with a greater individual sensitivity of the colon to distension. The threshold lactose dose was notably lower in the diseased subjects who registered as evidence a prevalence of malabsorption at a 20-g lactose load. The pathogenetic role of lactose malabsorption in the irritable bowel syndrome is emphasized, as is the importance of the personal lactose tolerance. PMID- 6548692 TI - [Effect of anesthesia on a neoplastic process in an experiment]. AB - The modifying influence of anaestesia on tumourigenic process (its stimulative or inhibitory effect upon tumour and metastasis growth) was established. It may occur indirectly, i.e. through endocrine link of the host-tumour system, and due to cytostatic effect of the anaesthetic drug (fluothane in particular). PMID- 6548693 TI - [Oncological characteristics of AKR/JY mice]. AB - The oncological characteristic of AKR/J mice widely used in experimental investigations is presented. The incidence of spontaneous hemoblastoses in this subline is sufficiently high during the last ten years, that allows to use this subline as an experimental model of hemoblastoses. The analysis of the influence of sex factors, age and vaccination on the rate of spontaneous tumours of the lymphoid tissue is given. PMID- 6548694 TI - Immunocytochemical studies of the peptidergic innervation of the thyroid gland in the Brattleboro rat. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence technique was used to study the peptidergic innervation of the thyroid gland in homozygous Brattleboro rats (DI) and normal Long-Evans rats (LE). The primary goal of this study was to determine whether the previously demonstrated decrease in thyroid responsiveness to TSH in DI might be due to an abnormality in the innervation of the thyroid. Thyroids from both types of rats were found to contain nerve fibers containing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and peptide HI (PHI). All four types of fibers were found in close association with both follicle cells and blood vessels. Well developed networks of fibers surrounding blood vessels were particularly apparent in the case of NPY. The density of fibers associated with follicle cells in DI was at least as great as that in LE in regard to SP, NPY, and PHI. Fibers containing VIP were found in greater abundance in DI than in LE. Additional studies revealed no evidence of thyroid fibers containing either somatostatin or neurophysin, which was used as a marker for vasopressin. We conclude that the reduced responsiveness of the thyroid in DI is not due to an inadequate supply of any of the neuropeptides included in this study. Since VIP is known to enhance thyroid secretion, we suggest that the apparent proliferation of VIP-containing fibers in DI may be a reflection of a neural mechanism attempting to compensate for a thyroid gland deficiency analogous to the humoral mechanism by which TSH secretion increases in response to thyroid deficiency. PMID- 6548695 TI - Differential response of duodenal epithelial cells to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 according to position on the villus: a comparison of calcium uptake, calcium binding protein, and alkaline phosphatase activity. AB - To determine which region of the intestinal villus was primarily responsible for calcium uptake and whether cells from the different regions of the villus differed in their response to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3], we studied cells eluted from the duodenal villus in a sequential fashion at various times after vitamin D-deficient chicks had received 1,25-(OH)2D3. The elution scheme employed removes cells from the villus tip first and cells from the villus base last, as was documented by the distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity, sucrase activity, and cytosolic calcium-binding protein (CaBP) in the eluted fractions. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared from different fractions of the villus. Calcium uptake was greatest in BBMV from cells eluted from the villus tip and least in those from the villus base. The distribution of calcium uptake and alkaline phosphatase activity in the same BBMV were parallel. After 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment, cytosolic CaBP was observed in the cells from the villus base by 4 h and in all fractions by 8 h; at all times (from 4-24 h), cells from the villus base contained more cytosolic CaBP than did cells from the villus tip. Alkaline phosphatase activity in BBMV was stimulated in all fractions by 4 h; at all times, alkaline phosphatase activity was greatest in BBMV from cells of the villus tip. In contrast, calcium uptake by BBMV was stimulated 2 h after 1,25 (OH)2D3 administration only in cells from the villus tip and was not stimulated even by 24 h in cells from the villus base. These results indicate that the cellular response to 1,25-(OH)2D3 depends on the location of the cell on the villus and that 1,25-(OH)2D3-stimulated calcium flux across the brush border can be dissociated from 1,25-(OH)2D3-stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and CaBP production. PMID- 6548696 TI - Pre-proglucagon messenger ribonucleic acid: nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences of the rat pancreatic complementary deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Glucagon, a pancreatic peptide hormone of 29 amino acids that regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, is one of a family of structurally similar regulatory peptides which include GH-releasing hormone, vasoactive intestinal peptide, secretin, and gastric inhibitory peptide. The synthesis of glucagon involves its specific proteolytic cleavage from preproglucagon, a large polyprotein precursor. To facilitate analyses of the cellular processing of pre proglucagon and to begin studies of the regulation of glucagon gene expression in the rat, we have cloned and sequenced two cDNAs derived from rat neonatal pancreas. The cDNAs represent close to the entire transcriptional sequence of the glucagon gene and encode a pre-proglucagon of 180 amino acids. The coding region of pre-proglucagon contains, in addition to the sequence of glucagon, the sequences of two peptide domains that are related in their structures to glucagon. Glucagon and the two glucagon-like peptides are flanked in the precursor by pairs of basic amino acids characteristic of the sites that are cleaved during the posttranslational processing of pro-hormones. Northern blot analyses indicate the presence of a single mRNA of 1400 +/- 100 nucleotides in the rat pancreas, and results of Southern blotting of rat liver genomic DNA are consistent with the existence of a single chromosomal gene. Comparisons of the nucleotide sequence of the rat pre-proglucagon cDNA with those of the two pre proglucagons of the anglerfish pancreas encoded by two separate genes indicate that the pre-proglucagon genes probably evolved by intragenic duplications of a DNA segment corresponding to the coding sequences of glucagon and the glucagon like peptides. PMID- 6548697 TI - Reversible diminished calcitonin secretion in the rat during chronic hypercalcemia. AB - A transient increase in serum calcitonin (CT) concentration is induced by an acute iv calcium (Ca) load, whereas in the chronic hypercalcemic state, serum CT levels, as well as CT content of the thyroid, are equivocal. The secretion of CT was tested in three models of hypercalcemia in rats: tumor induced by the hypercalcemic Walker carcinosarcoma 256 (HWCS 256), chronic parenteral Ca administration, and chronic 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. In rats with HWCS 256, serum CT levels increased from basal values of 0.21 +/- 0.11 ng/ml to a maximum of 0.42 +/- 0.20 ng/ml on day 4 after tumor transplantation, 1 day before serum Ca increased. The serum CT levels declined again the following day (day 5). In thyroidectomized, parathyroid autotransplated rats with HWCS 256, serum Ca increased 1 day earlier than in intact rats. Substitution of CT by exogenous CT injections delayed the hypercalcemia for one day. Ca loading was followed by a decreased serum CT level (delta CT); the CT content of the thyroid fell from 9.4 +/- 1.1 ng/mg wet wt to 1.0 +/- 0.3 ng/mg wet wt. While hypercalcemia was present. Also chronic intraperitoneal Ca administration induced a decrease in the CT response to a Ca load (delta CT) and a decrease in thyroid CT content from 9.32 +/- 0.58 ng/mg wet wt to 3.84 +/- 0.33 ng/mg wet wt. These changes were no longer present 4 days after stopping Ca administration. In chronic hypercalcemia induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 administration, basal serum CT levels did not vary significantly, whereas serum Ca increased to 11.8 +/- 0.46 mg/dl on day 4. CT after an acute Ca load was diminished, as was CT content of the thyroid during 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. These changes were reversible after stopping 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. During chronic hypercalcemia a reversible exhaustion of CT content of the thyroid and a diminished CT response to acute Ca stimulation was observed, while basal serum CT levels remained unchanged. PMID- 6548698 TI - Postpartum resolution of hypocalcemia in a lactating hypoparathyroid patient. AB - A 24 year old woman with post-surgical hypoparathyroidism was studied during pregnancy and lactation. During pregnancy the patient required less vitamin D therapy for control of her hypoparathyroidism and, while lactating, maintained a normal serum calcium without any supplemental vitamin D. The serum parathyroid hormone concentration and plasma 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D concentration were undetectable and low normal respectively at a time when the serum calcium concentration was normal and the patient was not on vitamin D therapy. Urinary calcium excretion was low during this period and may explain the normalization of the serum calcium. The mechanism by which the improvement in calcium metabolism occurred is unknown, but may be secondary to a direct effect of prolactin on calcium homeostasis. PMID- 6548699 TI - T4 suppression test involving 24-hour thyroidal 131I uptake in patients with Graves' disease compared to the T3 suppression test. AB - A T4 suppression test involving 24-h thyroidal 131I uptake was carried out on patients with Graves' disease during therapy with an antithyroid drug. Thirty three patients received propylthiouracil (PTU) for at least 1 year. Each patient was given 75 micrograms L-T3 daily for 8 days in conjunction with PTU (50 mg/day) at the time of the experiment and then the 24-h thyroidal 131I uptake (post T3 uptake was measured). Twenty-two patients had normal levels of serum T3 and T4-I before L-T3 administration and were divided into 2 groups, positive T3 suppression (post T3 uptake less than or equal to 35%, group I) and negative T3 suppression (post T3 uptake greater than 35%, group II). Eleven patients showed elevated serum T3 or T4-I concentrations before L-T3 administration (group III). The T4 suppression test was then performed on the same patients. Each patient was given 300 micrograms L-T4 daily for 8 days in conjunction with PTU and the 24-h thyroidal 131I uptake (post T4 uptake) was measured. Some patients receiving PTU (50 mg/day) were switched to MMI (5 mg/day) and the T4 suppression test was done one month later. A significant correlation between the two suppression tests during PTU therapy was observed (r = 0.961, p less than 0.01). None of the patients complained of side effects during the T4 suppression test. The mean post T4 uptake in group I was 18.8 +/- 3.3% during PTU therapy and 5.4 +/- 1.3% during MMI therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548700 TI - [Computerized tomography in patients with Graves-Basedow disease treated with radioactive iodine (I-131)]. PMID- 6548701 TI - Control of heme and cytochrome P-450 metabolism by inorganic metals, organometals and synthetic metalloporphyrins. AB - The heme-cytochrome P-450 complexes represent sensitive metabolic systems for examining the biological impact of metals on important cellular functions. Many metals, both in the inorganic form and bound to organic moieties, potently induce heme oxygenase, the rate limiting enzyme of heme degradation. The resulting increase in the rate of heme breakdown is reflected in a marked depression of cellular cytochrome P-450 content and impairment of the oxidative metabolism of natural and foreign chemicals dependent on this hemeprotein. Organometal complexes do not mimic in all their aspects the actions of the inorganic elements which they contain. For example, organotins, in contrast to inorganic tin, produce a prolonged induction response of heme oxygenase in the liver but not in the kidney. Co-protoporphyrin is a much more potent inducer of heme oxygenase in liver than is inorganic cobalt; and Sn-protoporphyrin inhibits heme oxygenase activity nearly completely, whereas inorganic tin is a powerful inducer of the renal enzyme. Contrasting effects on heme metabolism exist as well within the metalloporphyrin species as demonstrated by the effects in vivo of Co protoporphyrin and Sn-protoporphyrin on heme oxygenase activity; the former induces the enzyme whereas the latter potently inhibits it. In vitro, however, both compounds competitively inhibit heme oxidation activity. These differences, among others which characterize metal actions in vivo and in vitro attest to the importance of pharmacokinetic, adaptive and other host factors in defining the responses of the heme-cytochrome P-450 systems to the impact of metals in the whole animal. PMID- 6548702 TI - Relaxin gene expression in human ovaries and the predicted structure of a human preprorelaxin by analysis of cDNA clones. AB - In earlier studies we identified in a human genomic library a gene (human relaxin gene H1) coding for a relaxin-related peptide. We now have evidence that the human genome possesses an additional relaxin-related gene (designated human relaxin gene H2) which appears to be selectively expressed in the ovary during pregnancy. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed striking differences in the predicted structures of relaxin encoded by these two genes. Chemical synthesis of biologically active relaxin based on the sequence obtained from ovarian cDNA clones confirmed that the expressed gene (H2) encodes an authentic human relaxin. The expressed gene appears to be transcribed into two different sized mRNAs and preliminary evidence suggests that the mRNA transcripts possess different 3' untranslated regions. There was no evidence for the expression of human relaxin gene H1 in the ovary and so far it is unclear whether gene H1 is expressed in another tissue or whether it represents a pseudogene. From the sequence data presented here it will now be possible to construct oligonucleotide probes and raise antibodies against synthetic peptides which could then be used to identify sites of relaxin biosynthesis and specifically quantitate the expression from either the H1 or H2 relaxin genes. PMID- 6548703 TI - Two human relaxin genes are on chromosome 9. AB - We have recently cloned two different human relaxin gene sequences. One of these (H1) was isolated from a human genomic clone bank and the other (H2) from a cDNA library prepared from human pregnant ovarian tissue. Southern gel analysis of the relaxin genes within the genomes of several unrelated individuals showed that all genomes contained both relaxin genes. Hence it is unlikely (p less than 0.001) that the two relaxin gene sequences are alleles. Rather, it is probable that there are two relaxin genes within the human genome. It is likely that relaxin and insulin genes have evolved from a common ancestral gene by gene duplication, since structural similarities between insulin and relaxin are evident at both the peptide and gene level. To investigate the evolutionary relationship between the two human relaxin genes and the insulin gene, we have determined the chromosomal position of the relaxin genes using mouse/human cell hybrids. We found that the human insulin and relaxin genes are on different chromosomes. Both human relaxin genes are located on the short arm region of chromosome 9. PMID- 6548704 TI - A human T-cell antigen receptor beta chain gene maps to chromosome 7. AB - cDNA clones which encode the human and mouse T cell antigen receptor beta chain gene have previously been isolated. We have used a mouse cDNA clone to map the chromosomal position of a human beta chain gene. Southern blot analysis of DNA prepared from somatic cell hybrids has assigned this gene to chromosome 7. The use of a hybrid containing a chromosome 7 translocation has further localised this gene to the region 7q22-qter. PMID- 6548705 TI - Alpha-2----4-interlinked 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid disaccharide. A common constituent of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. AB - After mild acid hydrolysis, a disaccharide of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (dOclA) was obtained from Re-mutant lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella minnesota, Salmonella godesberg, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli, and from the lipopolysaccharide of an S. minnesota Rb2 mutant. Combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the reduced and permethylated derivatives indicated that the disaccharide is interlinked by a 2----4-glycosidic bond in all lipopolysaccharides tested. In addition, it was shown by gas-liquid chromatography of appropriate synthetic standards and a previously characterized alpha 2----4-linked dOclA disaccharide (derived from lipopolysaccharide of S. godesberg) that the non-reducing dOclA residue possesses the alpha configuration. In the case of lipopolysaccharide of S. minnesota Rb2 mutant, this result, together with earlier findings, suggests that it contains a linear dOclA trisaccharide of the sequence dOclA(alpha 2-4)dOclA. The results show that a dOclA(alpha 2-4)dOclA disaccharide represents a common architectural principle in enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 6548706 TI - 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and chemical studies of the phosphorus residues in bovine milk xanthine oxidase. AB - In addition to the phosphate residues contained in the acid-dissociable FAD and the molybdenum cofactor moieties, milk xanthine oxidase contains one mole of covalently bound phosphorus per active-center molybdenum. Acid hydrolysis of the apoprotein moiety and subsequent analysis by high-voltage thin-layer electrophoresis has identified the phosphorylated amino acid residue to be phosphoserine. 31P NMR data show the phosphopeptide to be monosubstituted, in agreement with the chemical analysis. A pH-dependent chemical shift of the phosphorus residue in the molybdenum cofactor moiety is also observed which provides unequivocal support for suggestions in the literature that this cofactor contains a monosubstituted phosphate. 31P NMR studies on the intact enzyme show phosphorus resonances at about -3 ppm, +1 ppm, +8.8 ppm and at +13.5 ppm. The resonances at +8.8 ppm and at +13.5 ppm are assigned to those of the pyrophosphate linkage of the FAD moiety by analogy with chemical shift data of the FAD on glucose oxidase [James, T.L., Edmondson, D.E., and Husain, M. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 617] and from the absence of any resonances in this region upon examination of preparations of deflavo xanthine oxidase. The intensity and resolution of the resonance at about -3 ppm is dependent on the degree of functionality of the enzyme. This resonance has a small amplitude relative to the FAD resonances in 50-60% functional enzyme, but increases dramatically in intensity in the desulpho enzyme. This resonance is the only one exposed to solvent as it is the only one susceptible to paramagnetic line-broadening on the addition of Mn(II) to the enzyme solution. Treatment of the enzyme with allopurinol leads to alteration of the approximately equal to -3-ppm resonance, but does not significantly affect the other resonances. Formation of the stable Mo(V) 'inhibited' form of the enzyme with ethylene glycol results in extensive line-broadening of the resonances at -3 ppm and +1 ppm, but has no observable affect on the FAD resonances. These data suggest that in addition to the phosphate on the molybdenum cofactor, the phosphoserine residue in xanthine oxidase is also in close proximity to the activesite molybdenum center of this enzyme. These results are discussed with respect to possible implications on the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. PMID- 6548707 TI - Photoaffinity labelling of dopamine receptors. Synthesis and binding characteristics of azapride. AB - A new compound, azapride, i.e. 4-azido-5-chloro-2-methoxy-N-[1-(phenylmethyl)-4 piperidinyl]benza mide, the azide derivative of the dopamine antagonist clebopride, was synthesized and tested for its usefulness as a photoaffinity probe for dopamine receptors. Without photolysis the azide behaved as a very selective dopamine antagonist. When a microsomal preparation of dog striatum was pretreated with the azide and subsequently irradiated with ultraviolet light, dopamine receptors became irreversibly blocked. This reaction was dependent on both azide concentration and time of irradiation. The irradiation-induced inhibition was quite selective for the dopamine receptor; various other receptor systems were not affected. Moreover the irreversible inhibition of dopamine receptors from dog striatum could be prevented by dopamine antagonists as well as by a dopamine agonist, but not by a serotonin antagonist. The irradiation-induced inactivation by azapride remained unchanged in the presence of the scavenger p aminobenzoic acid. These findings provide evidence that azapride labels dopamine receptors specifically and irreversibly and by a true photoaffinity mechanism. It should therefore be of great value for further molecular characterization and purification of dopamine receptors. PMID- 6548708 TI - Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNAs coding for preprosecapin, a major product of queen-bee venom glands. AB - Total mRNA from queen-bee venom glands was transcribed into cDNA and cloned into the PstI and ClaI site of pBR322. The nucleotide sequence of two clones (pUM9/24 and pBMC1) with inserts derived from mRNAs for preprosecapin is presented. The two inserts, which are identical in their overlapping regions, have a coding region encompassing 77 triplets. The cloned cDNAs differ in the length of the 3' untranslated region, which is about twice as long in clone pUM9/24. The postulated amino acid sequence of preprosecapin starts with a signal peptide containing an estimated 32 residues, followed by a pro part which terminates with a single arginine. The end-product secapin is located at the COOH end of the precursor. Activation of prosecapin must, therefore, differ from the processing of promelittin synthesized in the same gland. Cell-free translation of total venom gland mRNA in the presence of radioactive histidine yields only two major products, the smaller of which is presumably preprosecapin. Edman degradation of total translation products yields peaks of radioactive tyrosine and histidine at the 4th and 10th cycles respectively. This confirms the sequence of preprosecapin deduced from the cDNA clones. The content of secapin in queen-bee venom must be higher than it is in worker bee venom. PMID- 6548709 TI - Developmental regulation of gene expression in wheat embryos. Molecular cloning of a DNA sequence encoding the early-methionine-labelled (Em) polypeptide. AB - The early-methionine-labelled (Em) polypeptide is the most abundant single polypeptide found in the cytosolic fraction (30 000 X g supernatant) of dry wheat embryos. Synthesis of this polypeptide is readily detectable during the earliest stages (0-3 h) of wheat embryo germination, by labelling with [35S]methionine. Thereafter, synthesis of the Em polypeptide declines rapidly. A DNA sequence encoding a portion of this polypeptide has been isolated by the molecular cloning of DNA complementary to the messenger RNA from dry wheat embryos. The identity of this cloned sequence has been confirmed by hybrid-selected translation of the Em messenger, the product being analysed by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and by analysis of its partial proteolytic digestion products. Gel blot hybridisation of RNA isolated from embryos at successive stages of germination with this cloned DNA sequence confirms that the decline in the synthesis of the Em polypeptide, detected by labelling in vivo, is a consequence of the degradation of its corresponding messenger RNA. PMID- 6548710 TI - The management of locally advanced breast cancer: a combined modality approach. AB - The prognosis for patients who have locally advanced breast cancer and are treated with conventional locoregional therapy is poor. Between 1974 and 1981, 93 evaluable patients with stages III (nine patients) and IV (84 patients) disease who had received no prior therapy were placed on a combined regimen of 5 fluorouracil, 500 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8, doxorubicin (adriamycin), 50 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m2 on day 1 (FAC) every 3 weeks for three cycles or until maximum tumor reduction occurred. This treatment was followed by mastectomy, local irradiation or both. FAC chemotherapy was then resumed until a total of 450 mg/m2 of adriamycin had been given. At this time adriamycin was discontinued and replaced with methotrexate, 30 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 (CMF), in 3 week cycles until the patient had received therapy for a total of 24 months. The complete and partial response rate to initial FAC chemotherapy was 86%, allowing 89 of 93 patients who had tumors considered to be technically unresectable to become free of clinically detectable disease with subsequent local therapy. After a median follow-up of 53 months disease recurred in 47 patients, six of whom had attained a second disease-free status following local therapy. The estimated median length of survival for the whole group was 66 months, and the median disease-free interval (DFI) was 30 month. Age, race, menopausal status and the presence of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy had no effect on prognosis. In patients with stage III disease DFI and survival duration were increased, as was true also for patients with residual tumors of less than or equal to 1 cm in their mastectomy specimens. Patients in whom the tumors were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive also had longer DFI than those with ER-negative tumors. In spite of the encouraging results obtained with the combined modality approach to treating locally advanced breast cancer, future improvement should be pursued through additional hormonal therapy, optimal local radiation therapy timing and early resumption of intensive chemotherapy following locoregional treatment. PMID- 6548711 TI - Intravenous and oral administration of molsidomine, a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study. AB - In 12 healthy male volunteers, molsidomine 1, 2 and 4 mg i.v. increased resting heart rate and decreased systolic blood pressure, the latter still being affected after 8 hours. After single oral doses of 1 and 2 mg, systolic pressure tended to be reduced for 90 minutes and exercise heart rate tended to be increased. After oral treatment with 2 mg molsidomine three times daily for 1 week, the pharmacokinetic parameters and the effects on heart rate and blood pressure after the final dose were not different from those after the first dose. The terminal half-life was independent of dose and route of administration. Clearance and distribution volume were not dose-dependent. The bioavailability of a 2 mg oral dose of molsidomine was 44%. Inter-individual variation in heart rate, blood pressure and pharmacokinetics was observed. PMID- 6548712 TI - Alteichin: an unusual phytotoxin from Alternaria eichorniae, a fungal pathogen of water hyacinth. AB - The phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria eichorniae attacks water hyacinth, an economically significant aquatic weed. The novel phytotoxin alteichin was isolated from liquid cultures of this fungus and its structure was deduced by X ray crystallographic analysis. Altheichin is a doubly hydrated form of 4,9 dihydroxy perylene-3, 10-quinone. A single step dehydration of alteichin to anhydroalteichin is catalyzed both by acid and by a crude enzyme preparation from water hyacinth. PMID- 6548713 TI - Regulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) binding by guanine nucleotides in the rat cerebral cortex. AB - In the presence of GTP, GDP, GMPP(NH)P, GMPP(CH2)P, GMPP(S)P but not in the presence of GMP, cGMP or ATP, the high affinity binding of neuropeptide Y (NPY) was reduced in a dose-dependent manner. GTP (0.1 mM) diminished the maximal binding capacity for 125I-labelled NPY by 40% without any change in the equilibrium dissociation constant of the receptor 125I-labelled NPY complex. PMID- 6548714 TI - A highly basic N-terminal extension of the mitochondrial matrix enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase from rat liver. AB - We have deduced the amino acid sequence of the N-terminal leader peptide of the mitochondrial enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase from a cDNA clone obtained from a rat liver cDNA library. The sequence is remarkable in being highly basic, having 4 arginine, 3 lysine and 1 histidine with no acidic residues in a total of 32 residues. The leader sequence has no extensive hydrophobic stretches, has 72% homology with the leader peptide of human ornithine transcarbamylase [1], and in terms of its basic character resembles the N-terminal extensions on a number of fungal mitochondrial [2-5] and pea chloroplast [6] proteins. Thus the basic nature of these leader peptides may constitute the signal for mitochondrial import. PMID- 6548715 TI - Nocardia brasiliensis lymphocutaneous syndrome in a patient with lymphosarcoma. PMID- 6548716 TI - Strengths and weaknesses of direct patient interviewing by a microcomputer system in specialist gynaecological practice. AB - An inexpensive microcomputer system has been used to obtain histories in the gynaecological clinic. Initially, this system was applied to infertility/endocrine patients, but the programs were subsequently expanded to deal with a wide range of presenting symptoms. Questions are displayed on a visual display unit and the patient enters her answers on a simplified keypad. A formatted summary is provided by an interfaced printer. Cross-over comparison with manual histories showed that the computer produces an accurate and exhaustive record containing many additional items. This improvement was most marked for the infertility/endocrine system, where the computer provided 2.9 times as much information as a clinician. In the case of the general gynaecological history the computer obtained 1.6-times as much information. Both systems showed a high degree of consumer acceptance. This was more marked in the case of the specialist application: 77.5% of infertility/endocrine patients felt that the questionnaire had adequately covered their problem, compared to 44.5% of general gynaecological patients. Over-reporting of apparently trivial symptoms was more marked in the general system. Thus, we conclude that direct patient interviewing systems can be recommended for relatively complex specialist applications, such as infertility/endocrinology. They may be less suitable for general applications such as gynaecology as a whole. PMID- 6548717 TI - The accumulation of prominent tadpole mRNAs occurs at the beginning of neurulation in Xenopus laevis embryos. AB - Cloned cDNA probes have been used to measure the sizes and titers of transcripts in total RNA preparations during early development in Xenopus laevis. Of more than 20 different sequences derived from abundant and moderately abundant RNA which were present in full-grown oocytes and persisted during early development, the transcript sizes of all but 3 of these sequences were invariant. Two transcripts were of a higher molecular weight in oocytes than in embryos, but their titers in oocytes were less than 5% their titers in embryos and thus these larger maternal transcripts do not significantly contribute to embryonic, polysomal mRNA. The oocyte transcripts and the embryonic transcripts of one of these sequences are transcribed from different though cross-hybridizing genes. Cellular titers of a number of RNA sequences have also been studied and show that increases in the cellular titers of several poly(A)+RNA species are the result of de novo transcription and not simply polyadenylation. A number of sequences abundant in tadpole RNA but absent or very rare in eggs have also been examined. All of these sequences first appear in development in substantial titers in the late gastrula or early neurula, 12-15 hr after fertilization. Many other sequences already present in eggs which persist during development show an increase in titer 12-15 hr after fertilization. These data suggest that this late gastrula transcriptional event may be a major transition of gene expression that accompanies the cellular differentiation and morphogenesis that begin at this developmental time. PMID- 6548719 TI - Characterization of peptide histidine isoleucine-like immunoreactivity in the rat, human, guinea-pig and cat gastrointestinal tracts--evidence of species differences. AB - Peptide histidine isoleucine-like immunoreactivity (PHI-LI) was measured by radioimmunoassay in various mammalian ileal extracts fractionated by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The PHI-LI in the cat, human, guinea-pig and rat tissues were of similar molecular size, being indistinguishable from the porcine standard by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 superfine, but significant differences were noted on HPLC. The major PHI-LI peaks of guinea-pig and rat were less retained than cat and human PHI-LI which had a similar retention time to porcine PHI. Human PHI-LI, although being chromatographically similar to porcine PHI, was immunologically different. This variation in molecular properties of PHI-LI suggests that extrapolation of experimental results of different species should be treated with great caution. PMID- 6548718 TI - Timing and irreversibility of Mullerian duct inhibition in the embryonic reproductive tract of the human male. AB - A study was undertaken to determine (1) the effects of endogenous Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) on the developing human fetal genital tract; (2) the time in fetal life when MIS is first capable of inhibiting the growth of the embryonic Mullerian ducts; and (3) the reversibility of the effects of MIS on the developing male Mullerian ducts. Human fetal reproductive tracts were transplanted and grown for sustained periods in vivo in athymic nude mice. The genital tracts from 12 male human fetuses, ages 51 to 68 days postovulation, were grafted without their associated gonads into castrated murine hosts and grown for 30 to 70 days. Controls consisted of genital tracts from 8 female human fetuses, ages day 53 to 70 that were grown under identical conditions. Male specimens grew to approximately one-half the size of female specimens and disclosed varying degrees of inhibition of the Mullerian duct system from absence of the Mullerian ducts in older specimens (after Day 63) to poorly segregated segments of stroma as the mildest defect (less than Day 61). It is concluded that (1) MIS secretion by the embryonic testes probably begins before Day 51 of gestation; (2) the effects of MIS are progressive during the so-called critical window; (3) the effects of MIS are permanent; and (4) the mesenchyme is an important target of MIS. PMID- 6548720 TI - Mechanism of action of diphenolic laxatives: the role of adenylate cyclase and mucosal permeability. AB - Net fluid movement and mucosal 14C-erythritol clearance were measured in ligated colonic loops of the rat in vivo. The diphenolic laxatives, oxyphenisatin and bisacodyl, dose-dependently inhibited net fluid absorption or caused secretion, both increased the 14C-erythritol clearance. Pretreatment with the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, RMI 12 330 A, did not change these results. It is concluded that diphenolic laxatives mainly influence intestinal fluid transport not by stimulation of mucosal adenylate cyclase but rather by augmenting epithelial permeability. PMID- 6548721 TI - [Mapping of the transferrin gene in laboratory rats, mice and man by direct in situ hybridization]. AB - Mapping of the gene coding for transferrin was carried out in metaphase chromosomes from bone marrow of laboratory mice and rats as well as from PHA stimulated human lymphocytes using direct in situ hybridization technique. Plasmid pRTf-17 carrying the insert of rat transferrin cDNA was nick-translated with [125I]dCTP and used as a specific hybridization probe. The total number of silver grains and their distribution along differentially stained chromosomes were determined in 464 metaphase plates (114, 263 and 87 from rat, mouse and man, respectively). The data obtained enable us to assign transferrin gene to chromosome 3 in human and chromosome 9 in mouse. For the first time, the rat transferrin gene was localized on chromosome 7. The most probable sites of transferrin gene localization are 7q31-34, 9F1-3 and 3q21 in rat, mouse and human chromosomes, respectively. PMID- 6548722 TI - [Microcomputer program for the analysis of strabismus data]. PMID- 6548723 TI - [The morphology of bronchial clearance]. AB - The secretion of bronchiolar and bronchial epithelium was investigated in human biopsy material by electron microscopy. The secretion of Clara cells in the bronchioli of the goblet cells of bronchial epithelium and the secretion of peribronchial glands produce the gel phase of mucus above the bronchial mucosa. This gel phase is transported on the periciliary sol phase through the cilia beat, which consists of intercellular fluid. Foam-like, regularly arranged surfactant structures are detectable in this sol phase. Due to its surface-active qualities this surfactant, which is formed in the pneumocytes II of the alveolar system, has an anti-adhesive effect on the border between the sol and gel phase of the mucus. Furthermore, it contributes to the stabilisation of the water content in the sol phase, which is of decisive importance for the ciliary mucus transport. The morphological results agree with the results from the physiological and biochemical investigations, indicating that the surfactant has an important function in bronchiolar and bronchial clearance. PMID- 6548725 TI - PPS information needs cause dramatic computer surge. PMID- 6548724 TI - Protective effect of 4-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-6,10,14-hexadecatrienoyl)morpholine on liver injury induced by hepatotoxins in rats. AB - The effect of 4-(3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-6,10,14-hexadecatrienoyl)morpholine (E 0712), a new synthetic compound, on liver injury induced by two hepatotoxins in rats was studied. Oral doses of E-0712 four times at 0, 6, 12 and 18 hr significantly attenuated elevated SGPT values and prolonged prothrombin time (PT) at 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hr in rats with a single s.c. dose of D-galactosamine in which SGPT values and PT reached the peak within 48 hr. In cases in which a dose of carbon tetrachloride (i.p.) produced peak SGPT values and PT within 36 hr attenuation occurred likewise at 24, 36 and 60 hr. In the control and E-0712 treated rats dosed with D-galactosamine or carbon tetrachloride, SGPT values were positively correlated with PT at 24 hr. In addition, morphological degrees of acidophilic body formation or centrizonal necrosis were significantly reduced by E-0712. These results suggest that E-0712 protects against liver injury, particularly hepatocellular necrosis, induced by D-galactosamine and carbon tetrachloride in rats. PMID- 6548726 TI - Characterization of normal and mutant adenosine deaminase messenger RNAs by translation and hybridization to a cDNA probe. AB - Using both in vitro translation and hybridization to an adenosine deaminase (ADA) cDNA probe, ADA mRNA has been characterized in B lymphoblast lines established from seven ADA-deficient children, two parents of an ADA-deficient child, and three normal people. All ADA-deficient lines except GM-2825A, including those with less than 1% of normal catalytic activity, had normal or greater amounts of hybridizable, 1.6 kilobase in size, ADA mRNA. Immunoreactive ADA protein of normal size was produced by in vitro translation of the mRNAs. Deficiency of ADA activity in these lines appears secondary to synthesis of structurally altered proteins rather than to a quantitative deficiency in ADA mRNA. The GM-2825A line contains electrophoretically abnormal species of RNA which hybridize to the cDNA probe. Deficiency of ADA activity in this line appears at least in part secondary to a structural defect in the ADA mRNA or its precursors. PMID- 6548727 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies for affinity purification of bovine mullerian inhibiting substance activity. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies (IG8 and IG10) specific for Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) were obtained from the fusion between myeloma cell line SP2/0 and spleen cells from an A/J mouse immunized with partially purified MIS. The resulting hybridomas were screened by a solid-phase RIA and two lines were selected and cloned. Both MAbs IG8 and IG10 subsequently demonstrated specificity for MIS by their ability to inhibit biologically active MIS by precipitation with a second antibody, directly block MIS activity in the organ culture assay, and adsorb and elute active MIS when coupled to a solid support. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of affinity purified MIS demonstrated a major band at 140 kD in unreduced gels and two bands with approximate molecular weights of 70 and 74 KD following reduction. Protein bands were localized either directly by silver staining or on immunoblots developed with radiolabeled anti-MIS MA. PMID- 6548728 TI - Effects of high calcium intake on blood pressure and calcium metabolism in young SHR. AB - Increased dietary calcium intake in the adult spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been reported to correct low serum ionized calcium concentration ([Ca++]) and to result in a significant amelioration of the prevailing hypertension. In the present study we examined several parameters of calcium metabolism in young (6-week-old) SHR and compared them with those observed in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats fed equal amounts of a diet containing normal quantities of calcium (0.4%, wt/wt) for 4 weeks. A separate group of SHR was placed on an equal amount of a high calcium (2.8%, wt/wt) but otherwise identical diet. In SHR and WKY eating a normal calcium diet, serum total calcium concentration was not different, but [Ca++] was lower in SHR (1.58 +/- 0.06 vs 1.91 +/- 0.07 mmol/liter, p less than 0.01). Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) was increased in some, but not all, SHR. No difference was noted between the two groups in the following parameters: calcium intake, serum 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), urinary calcium excretion, fractional stool calcium content ([stool calcium/calcium intake] X 100), and in vitro 45Ca uptake by everted gut sacs constructed from segments of duodenum, mid-jejunum, ileum, and proximal colon. A high calcium diet corrected the abnormal serum [Ca++] and PTH but did not alter the progression or severity of the hypertension in SHR. A lower net weight gain was observed in SHR on a high calcium diet when compared to SHR eating normal calcium diet (9.1 +/- 1.8 vs 27.0 +/- 2.0 g).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548729 TI - Effect of talinolol and the optical isomers of propranolol on LCAT activity in vitro. AB - In vitro effects of DL-propranolol (a therapeutically used beta-blocker with local anesthetic properties), L-propranolol (having both beta-blocking and unspecific local anesthetic properties), D-propranolol (having local anesthetic, but much less beta-blocking properties), and talinolol (a therapeutically used beta-1-blocker with much less local anesthetic properties) on lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity in human plasma were compared. Both D-propranolol and L-propranolol inhibited LCAT activity, the former being a little more effective. The racemic mixture showed intermediate dose-effect curves. In no case could a complete inhibition be achieved. Talinolol exhibited no effect on LCAT activity. Therefore, the inhibition of LCAT activity by beta blocking drugs may be connected with their local anesthetic properties. Because LCAT inhibition is followed by a decrease of HDL cholesterol and an increase of triglycerides in plasma, it is recommended to use only beta-blockers without such side effects on lipoprotein metabolism for therapeutical purposes. PMID- 6548730 TI - Vitamin D, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D in cow's milk, infant formulas and breast milk during different stages of lactation. AB - Vitamin D and its metabolites were determined in cow's milk, infant formulas, and colostrum, transitional and mature breast milk by specific protein-binding assays following HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography). Cow's milk contains (mean +/- SEM) 50.4 +/- 4.1 pg/ml vitamin D (n = 10), 499 +/- 47 pg/ml 25-OH D (n = 10) and 9.7 +/- 1.0 pg/ml 1,25 (OH)2D (n = 3). 86.6% of the added vitamin D3 was recovered from infant formulas. The mean content (mean +/- SEM) of 25-OH D and 1,25(OH)2D of infant formulas are 299 +/- 35 pg/ml and 5.4 +/- 0.9 pg/ml (n = 9), respectively. Vitamin D concentration of colostrum and mature breast milk is 122 +/- 3.4 pg/ml (n = 7, mean +/- SEM) and 38 +/- 3.3 pg/ml (n = 9) respectively; the 25-OH D content increases from 294 +/- 50.6 pg/ml (n = 10) to 845 +/- 190 pg/ml (n = 14) during lactation. The increase of 1,25-(OH)2D from early to mature breast milk (3.2 +/- 0.6 pg/ml, n = 8 versus 5.3 +/- 0.7 pg/ml, n = 20) is still statistically significant. PMID- 6548731 TI - [Recent tests and pharmacotherapy in fertility disorders of the male]. PMID- 6548732 TI - Hemoglobin constitution of double heterozygotes for alpha or beta-thalassemia and Hb J Sardegna. AB - In this study, we carried out alpha-globin gene mapping in 12 heterozygotes for Hb J Sardegna and in 5 double heterozygotes for this variant and beta thalassemia. Then, we correlated the Hb pattern with the alpha and beta-globin genotype. In heterozygotes for Hb J Sardegna with a deletion of a single alpha globin gene (alpha alpha/-alpha) the amount of the abnormal Hb was significantly (p much less than 0.001) higher than in heterozygotes for this variant with a full complement of 4 alpha-globin structural genes (27.5% versus 20.4%). Double heterozygotes for the abnormal hemoglobin and beta-thalassemia with a full complement of 4 alpha-globin structural genes tended to have lower amount of the abnormal Hb than heterozygotes for this variant who do not have beta-thalassemia. PMID- 6548733 TI - Clinical experience with the Nd:YAG laser. AB - This study presents the results and complications of 389 patients who were treated with the Nd:YAG laser between September 1982 and November 1983 with at least a six-month follow-up. The majority of patients had a secondary discission of the posterior capsule. Other procedures included vitreolysis, iridotomy, pupilloplasty, synechialysis, intraocular suture cutting, cutting of intraocular lens haptics, and removal of anterior pseudophakic pigmented precipitates. We have purposely avoided performing preoperative laser anterior capsulotomies and have been unsuccessful in reopening freshly sealed trabeculectomy sites. The visual acuity improved in 83.1% of patients. No statistically significant difference in visual outcome was detected in relation to the time interval between surgery and Nd:YAG laser treatment. The most common adverse finding was an increase in intraocular pressure, which occurred to some degree in 63% of patients. Rare complications included cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment. No statistical correlation between these complications and preexisting conditions or intraoperative variables could be found. PMID- 6548734 TI - A new indole N-glycoside antibiotic SF-2140 from an Actinomadura. I. Taxonomy and fermentation of producing microorganism. AB - A new indole N-glycoside antibiotic SF-2140 which shows antiviral and weak antibacterial activity has been obtained from the cultured broth of an actinomycete strain. Strain SF-2140, designated Actinomadura albolutea sp. nov., was isolated from a soil sample collected in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. PMID- 6548735 TI - New antitumor antibiotic, LL-C10037 alpha. Fermentation, isolation and structure determination. AB - A new antitumor antibiotic, LL-C10037 alpha was isolated from the fermentation filtrate of a Streptomyces by adsorption, partition and reverse phase column chromatography. Its chemical structure was determined by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV, IR and mass spectral data. LL-C10037 alpha is a gamma-aminoepoxysemiquinone and is related to the epoxyguinone class of antibiotics. PMID- 6548736 TI - Studies on new antifungal antibiotics, guanidylfungins A and B. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization. AB - Guanidylfungin A, C58H103N3O18, and guanidylfungin B, C57H101N3O18, were isolated from the mycelia of Streptomyces hygroscopicus No. 662 by means of silica gel absorption and reversed phase liquid chromatographies. The guanidylfungins were active against fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6548737 TI - Studies on new antifungal antibiotics, guanidylfungins A and B. II. Structure elucidation and biosynthesis. AB - The structures of guanidylfungins A and B were elucidated from the physico chemical properties of these compounds and the structures of the degradation products by ozonolysis and periodate oxidation. The guanidylfungins consist of a 36-membered polyhydroxyl lactone ring, a guanidine and a monoester of malonic acid. The labelling experiments with sodium [1-13C]acetate and sodium [1 13C]propionate revealed that twelve units of acetate and nine of propionate were incorporated into the molecule of guanidylfungin A. PMID- 6548738 TI - BMY-28160, a new peptide antibiotic. PMID- 6548739 TI - Histargin, a new inhibitor of carboxypeptidase B, produced by actinomycetes. PMID- 6548740 TI - The structure of histargin. AB - The structure of histargin, an inhibitor of carboxypeptidase B, produced by Streptomyces roseoviridis MF118-A5 strain, has been defined as N-[(S)-1-carboxy-4 guanidinobutyl]-N'-[(S)-1-carboxy-2-(imidazol-4 -yl) ethyl]ethylenediamine, by spectral analysis and chemical synthesis. PMID- 6548741 TI - Effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide on the oxidation-reduction potentials of lipoamide dehydrogenase from pig heart. AB - The effect of NAD+ on lipoamide dehydrogenase from pig heart was investigated physicochemically. The observed and theoretical oxidation-reduction mid-point potentials for the oxidized lipoamide dehydrogenase (E)/two-electron-reduced lipoamide dehydrogenase (EH2) couple in the presence on NAD+ were -218 mV and 251 mV, respectively, at pH 6.0. Therefore, unexpectedly the mid-point potential of the enzyme became more positive on NAD+ binding. Decreases in the fluorescence lifetime and intensity and increase in the degree of polarization of enzyme-bound FAD were observed in the presence of NAD+. Fluorescence quenching of bound FAD by NAD+ was released by phenobarbital. The results suggest that NAD+ strengthens the intramolecular dynamic interaction between the isoalloxazine moiety and adenine moiety of bound FAD, and so alters the mid-point potential of the enzyme. These findings indicate that NAD+ acts not only as an acceptor of electrons from EH2, but also as an effector in the flavin-disulfide interaction of EH2. PMID- 6548742 TI - Apolar interaction of alpha-chymotrypsin with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles. AB - The interaction of bovine pancreatic alpha-chymotrypsin with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles was measured turbimetrically. The protein interacted with the vesicles at NaCl concentrations of above 0.8 M. The turbidity reached a plateau on increase in the amount of either the protein or the vesicles in the presence of a fixed amount of the other component. The precipitates formed contained both PC and protein in ratios varying with the initial amount of each component. On mixing chymotrypsin and PC vesicles, time-dependent turbidity increase was high at below pH 2.5, but relatively small at neutral and alkaline pH values. Apolar interaction between the two components was confirmed by demonstrating an increase in fluorescence intensity of chymotrypsin in the presence of the PC in 1 M NaCl. The turbidity of a mixture of PC vesicles and bovine serum albumin (BSA) increased even in the absence of 1 M NaCl, whereas the turbidities of mixtures of the vesicles and lysozyme or alpha-lactalbumin did not change with time in the presence of 1 M NaCl at pH 8.0. PMID- 6548743 TI - Characterization of complementary DNA clones coding for two forms of 3 methylcholanthrene-inducible rat liver cytochrome P-450. AB - Double-stranded DNA complementary to the partially purified mRNA prepared from 3 methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated rat liver was constructed and cloned in Escherichia coli. Twenty clones were verified to carry a complementary DNA (cDNA) insert coding for MC-inducible cytochrome P-450 by positive hybridization translation assay and immunochemical assay with anti-cytochrome P-450 antibody. The identified cDNA clones were divided into at least two groups on the basis of comparison of restriction maps of the cDNA inserts. A clone pAU157 whose cDNA insert was approximately 2.7 kb in length contained nearly full-length mRNA information for cytochrome P-450MC or P-450c, which is the major form of MC inducible cytochrome P-450. Other cDNA clones pTZ286-pTZ330 contained the 1.2 kb sequence complementary to cytochrome P-450d mRNA. RNA blot analysis revealed that pAU157 and pTZ286-pTZ330 cDNA clones were derived from 22S and 18S mRNAs, respectively, both of which were induced in rat liver by MC treatment. Sequence analysis revealed that there were closely homologous sequence regions in pAU157 and pTZ286-pTZ330 cDNA inserts and most of the homologous sequences were localized in two limited coding regions of the two cytochrome P-450 species. pAU157 encoded the total amino acid sequence of cytochrome P-450MC or P-450c and pTZ286-pTZ330 coded for the C-terminal 368 amino acid residues of cytochrome P 450d. Two highly homologous regions were found in the amino acid sequences of these cytochrome P-450 species. PMID- 6548744 TI - Isolation of human fibroblast catalase cDNA clones. Sequence of clones derived from spliced and unspliced mRNA. AB - We report the isolation and sequence of partial cDNA clones coding for human catalase. These clones were recovered from a human fibroblast cDNA library by screening with mixtures of oligonucleotide probes deduced from the amino acid sequence of human erythrocyte catalase. A comparison of their nucleotide sequence with the known protein sequence and mapping of homologous DNA sequences to the short arm of chromosome 11 in somatic cell hybrids confirmed that they coded for catalase. One of these clones contained a 462-base insertion interrupting the coding sequence with stop codons in all three reading frames. The 5' and 3' ends of the insertion correspond to the donor and acceptor consensus sequences of introns. Inspection of clones lacking the insertion confirm the location of the splice sites. We suggest this clone corresponds to the product of reverse transcription of an unspliced mRNA species. The catalase gene is the closest genetic marker mapped to Wilms tumor, one of the most prevalent of childhood cancers. Catalase cDNA probes will be useful to the examination of mitotic recombination in the etiology of this disease and may provide a useful starting point to the search for the putative Wilms tumor gene. PMID- 6548745 TI - Structure of murine complement component C3. I. Nucleotide sequence of cloned complementary and genomic DNA coding for the beta chain. AB - The nucleotide sequence coding for the beta chain of murine C3 was determined from cloned cDNA and genomic DNA fragments. Sonicated subfragments were randomly inserted into the bacteriophage M13 and sequenced using the dideoxynucleotide technique. Each nucleotide was sequenced on average six times in these studies. The derived amino acid sequence includes a signal peptide and a tetra-arginine sequence between the beta and alpha subunits in the precursor polypeptide prepro C3. Together with the accompanying report (Wetsel, R.A., Lundwall, A., Davidson, F., Gibson, T., Tack, B.F., and Fey, G.H. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 13857 13862), this paper completes the analysis of the coding sequences for the prepro C3 polypeptide. The derived molecular weight of the unglycosylated beta chain (642 amino acids) is 70,641. The sequences of the first two introns in the murine C3 gene and of the 5'-flanking 106 nucleotides are also reported. The 5'-flanking region contains a TATA consensus sequence in agreement with an earlier report (Wiebauer, K., Domdey, H., Diggelmann, H., and Fey, G.H. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 7077-7081), presumed to be involving in regulating the expression of the C3 gene. A striking feature of the derived sequence was that only 3 cysteine residues were found, all located in the C-terminal part of the polypeptide chain. No carbohydrate attachment sites were predicted in the beta chain. PMID- 6548746 TI - Detection of phospholipid phase separation. A multifrequency phase fluorimetry study of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence. AB - Using multifrequency phase and modulation fluorometry and a nonlinear least squares analysis of lifetime data, we were able to determine the complex decay of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) in synthetic phospholipid bilayers. Our results showed a monoexponential decay of DPH in the pure isotropic solvents studied, over a wide temperature range, and a double-exponential decay of DPH in phospholipids, both above and below the transition. During the transition, and in mixed-phase phospholipids, a three-component analysis was successfully accomplished, and the pre-exponential factors of the two main components have been shown to be quantitatively representative of the gel and liquid-crystalline phases of the bilayer. The fractional intensity of the shorter lifetime component depends on the modalities of the sample preparation. The factors affecting this component are discussed. From the DPH fluorescence lifetime and from the anisotropy data in L-alpha-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine/L-alpha-dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline mixtures, a phase diagram was independently constructed. Conclusions about the sensitivity and the partition of the probe between gel and the liquid-crystalline phases of the bilayer are derived. Lifetime experiments on DPH in a L-alpha-dilauroyl-phosphatidylcholine/L-alpha-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylch oline mixture suggested a general method for the determination and quantitation of the two different phases in the bilayer. PMID- 6548747 TI - Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone that contains the entire coding region for chicken smooth-muscle alpha-tropomyosin. AB - We have constructed a cDNA-expression library of approximately 100,000 members from embryonic chicken smooth-muscle mRNA using the plasmid-expression vectors pUC8 and pUC9. Using an immunological screening procedure and 32P-labeled cDNA probes, we have identified and isolated clones encoding smooth-muscle tropomyosin. Plasmid pSMT-10 (approximately 1100 base pairs) was found to hybrid select mRNA for smooth-muscle alpha-tropomyosin. DNA-sequence analysis revealed that pSMT-10 contained the entire coding region for alpha-tropomyosin and portions of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions. Comparison of the derived amino acid sequence of smooth-muscle alpha-tropomyosin with known skeletal-muscle (rabbit and chicken) and platelet (equine) sequences revealed extensive homology between the various proteins. The smooth-muscle tropomyosin shows the greatest sequence divergence from the skeletal-muscle tropomyosins at the COOH-terminal region. In contrast, the smooth-muscle tropomyosin is most homologous to the platelet tropomyosin at the COOH-terminal end. The relationship of the various tropomyosin sequences to function (e.g. interactions with troponin) are considered. PMID- 6548748 TI - Rat brain preproenkephalin mRNA. cDNA cloning, primary structure, and distribution in the central nervous system. AB - A cDNA-clone library was constructed from poly-adenylated RNA of Fischer rat striatum and screened for inserts coding for the enkephalin precursor preproenkephalin. The insert of one positive clone, pRPE2, was sequenced and found to contain the coding sequence (810 bases), as well as 316 and 155 bases of the 3' and 5' untranslated regions, respectively, of rat preproenkephalin mRNA. The primary structure of rat preproenkephalin (269 amino acids, Mr 30,932) is similar to those of previously sequenced bovine and human preproenkephalins (78 and 82% matched residues, respectively), and contains four copies of Met enkephalin, one of Leu-enkephalin, one of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8, and one of Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7. Cell-free translation of rat striatal mRNA selected by hybridization with pRPE2 DNA resulted in the synthesis of a 31,000-Da protein. Southern analysis of rat genomic DNA with 32P-labeled pRPE2 fragments is consistent with a single preproenkephalin gene. A 32P-labeled pRPE2 fragment hybridized specifically with preproenkephalin mRNA (approximately 1500 bases) on Northern blots of polyadenylated or total RNA of all brain regions but not liver. Relative abundances of preproenkephalin mRNA in total RNA of specific regions of the rat central nervous system, determined by a sensitive dot-blot hybridization assay, had the following order: striatum much greater than hypothalamus, pons medulla, spinal cord greater than cerebellum, midbrain, frontal cortex greater than hippocampus, thalamus. The pRPE2 probe is useful for the analysis of the dynamics of preproenkephalin mRNA in rat neurons. PMID- 6548749 TI - The aerobic reduction of Fe(III) complexes by hemoglobin and myoglobin. AB - The ability of hemoglobin (myoglobin) to reduce directly low-molecular-weight complexes of Fe(III) to form methemoglobin (metmyoglobin) and the Fe(II) tris(2,2'-bipyridine) complex under aerobic conditions is described. The reduction is not mediated by superoxide, O-.2, as shown by increased rates under anaerobic conditions and lack of inhibition by superoxide dismutase. The chemical nature of the Fe(III) complex presented influences the rate of reduction; one of the most effective chelating agents of cellular origin is Fe(III) X ATP. This mechanism may be of fundamental importance in the mobilization and utilization of iron in biological systems. PMID- 6548750 TI - Bis(1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonate). A novel and potent inhibitor of microtubule assembly. AB - Two related compounds, 1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonate (1,8-ANS) and bis(1,8 anilinonaphthalenesulfonate) (Bis-ANS), are useful fluorescent probes for hydrophobic areas on protein molecules. Using fluorescence, we examined the binding of these compounds to bovine brain tubulin and found that Bis-ANS and 1,8 ANS bound to tubulin with Ki values of 2 and 25 microM, respectively. Bis-ANS potently inhibited the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules in vitro. In the presence of microtubule-associated protein 2, half-maximal inhibition of assembly was obtained at 3 microM Bis-ANS. In the presence of tau protein, half maximal inhibition was obtained at 15 microM Bis-ANS. Surprisingly, 1,8-ANS, even at 200 microM, did not inhibit assembly. Scatchard analysis indicated one binding site for Bis-ANS on tubulin. Previous reports of 1,8-ANS binding to tubulin may have been influenced by the presence of Bis-ANS which until recently was a common contaminant of commercial supplies. Because of its intense fluorescence in addition to its potent inhibitory effects, Bis-ANS appears to be a useful probe to study microtubule assembly and other interactions involving tubulin. PMID- 6548751 TI - Characterization of crystals of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.3) from Pseudomonas cepacia (Mr = 198,000) has been crystallized from potassium phosphate at pH 7.5. Of the two orthorhombic forms that have been characterized, one contains a single molecule of tetrameric protocatechuate dioxygenase, (alpha beta Fe3+)4, per asymmetric unit. The space group and cell dimensions for this form are: P2(1)2(1)2(1) with a = 125.9 A, b = 161.7 A, and c = 85.2 A. PMID- 6548752 TI - Winter flounder antifreeze proteins: a multigene family. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone of winter flounder antifreeze protein was determined by the dideoxynucleotide method. The sequence would predict a protein of 91 amino acids composed of a prepropeptide of 38 amino acids and a mature protein of 53 amino acids, which includes four complete 11-amino acid repeats. This predicted sequence corresponds to an antifreeze protein of intermediate size which is one 11-amino acid repeat longer than the smallest antifreeze proteins found in the serum of winter flounder during the cold season. Southern blot hybridization analysis of winter flounder genomic DNA with radioactive cDNA probes reveals a multigene family of potential antifreeze protein genes. This conclusion is supported by amino acid sequence analysis of several serum antifreeze proteins. PMID- 6548753 TI - The effect of medial meniscectomy on strain distribution in the proximal part of the tibia. AB - The tibiae of five fresh adult human cadaver legs (amputated proximal to the knee) were instrumented with twenty-five strain-gauge rosettes and were tested in axial compression, simulating single-limb stance, at loads of as much as 2450 newtons. We compared the status of the normal knee, with menisci intact, with the status of the same knee after partial or total medial meniscectomy. The resultant changes in strain on the cortical bone of the tibia indicated that medial meniscectomy caused reduced compressive strains on the whole of the lateral aspect of the tibia, while on the medial aspect compressive strains were increased at all levels beyond seventy millimeters distal to the joint-line; however, within fifty millimeters of the joint-line on the medial aspect, there was a significant reduction of compressive strains. PMID- 6548754 TI - Measurement of anterior-posterior motion of the knee in injured patients using a biomechanical stress technique. AB - We performed biomechanical stress tests preoperatively on the knees of fifty-one patients with an injury to the knee. We measured the amount of anterior and posterior tibial translation at 90 degrees of knee flexion using a roentgenographic technique and a fifty-newton joint load. Knees with an isolated meniscal tear exhibited no abnormal motion. There was no difference in motion of the knee between patients with a rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament and patients with this injury who had had a prior medial meniscectomy. We found that prior knee surgery that was not associated with stability did not adversely affect the test procedure. A significant finding, however, was that only nineteen of twenty-five patients with a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament had greater excursion on the injured side compared with the uninjured knee. Because of this inconsistent result, a biomechanical stress test at 90 degrees of knee flexion measuring anterior and posterior translation under a fifty-newton joint load appears insufficient in itself to be of clinical use. PMID- 6548755 TI - Late degenerative changes after meniscectomy. Factors affecting the knee after operation. AB - Late degenerative changes are known to follow meniscectomy, but there is little agreement on their incidence or on which patients are most at risk. A total of 210 patients have been reviewed 10 to 22 years after meniscectomy, and long leg radiographs taken of both knees. Radiological degeneration was seen in 18%, while 7% had significant symptoms and signs. Statistical analysis showed increased changes in older patients, in those with abnormal leg alignment, and in those who had undergone lateral as against medial meniscectomy. Our findings emphasise the important mechanical function of the meniscus and support the current cautious approach to meniscectomy, especially for patients in high risk groups. They also indicate the value of early high tibial osteotomy for symptomatic varus deformity after medial meniscectomy. PMID- 6548756 TI - Derivatization of carboxylic acids by reaction with 4'-bromophenacyl trifluoromethanesulfonate prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The use of 4'-bromo-2-hydroxyacetophenone trifluoromethanesulfonate ester (4' bromophenacyl triflate) in the preparation of carboxylic acid 4'-bromophenacyl ester derivatives for spectrophotometric detection in high-performance liquid chromatography is described. The reagent is prepared in 66% yield by the reaction of 4'-bromo-2-diazoacetophenone with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in anhydrous sulfur dioxide and is stable for 3-6 months. Reactions of 10(-6) M carboxylate N,N-diisopropylethylammonium salts with this reagent in acetonitrile at room temperature proceed to completion in 1-5 min. Optimal rates of reaction are obtained with a 10-fold equivalent excess of alkylating agent and 5 equivalents of N,N-diisopropylethylamine present. The process has been applied successfully to mono-, di- and tricarboxylic and sterically hindered carboxylic acids. PMID- 6548757 TI - Improved analytical and preparative methods for necatorin from Lactarius necator (Fr.) Karst mushroom. PMID- 6548758 TI - Ion-exchange derivatives of Spheron. V. Sulphate and sulpho derivatives. AB - Using various reactions, strongly acidic derivatives of Spheron of the sulphate and sulpho types were prepared with nominal capacities between 0.37 and 2.0 mequiv./g. They were characterized by their capacities for small ions, by their static and dynamic capacities for proteins, by elemental analysis, by their working volumes and specific internal surface areas. The differences between the nominal capacities calculated theoretically from the sulphur contents and the measured values are discussed, as are the relationships between the nominal capacities for small ions and the static and dynamic capacities for proteins. The chromatographic properties of the cation exchangers are illustrated by the separation of an artificial mixture of proteins (serum albumin, chymotrypsinogen and lysozyme) at various pH values, and of a natural mixture of egg-white proteins. The separation of active enzymes is also reported. Sulphobutyl-Spheron was tested also as a catalyst for the esterification of alcohols. PMID- 6548759 TI - Fluorimetric determination of menadione sodium bisulphite (vitamin K3) in animal feed and premixes by high-performance liquid chromatography with post-column derivatization. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of menadione sodium bisulphite (vitamin K3) in animal feed and premixes is described. After aqueous extraction, the vitamin is converted into menadione, which is extracted and separated on a reversed-phase HPLC column. After menadione has been reduced in a post-column reaction coil, fluorimetric measurement of the reduced vitamin permits the determination of menadione sodium bisulphite in animal feed and premixes at concentrations as low as 0.02 microgram/g. Several types of animal feed have been analysed according to the method described and also with the European Community colorimetric method. From high concentration levels down to ca. 15 micrograms/g the results obtained with the two methods are in good agreement. For concentrations in the range 1-3 micrograms/g (complete diets) a tendency to lower results by the HPLC method is observed. The detection limit of the HPLC method is considerably lower than that of the European Community colorimetric method. The within-assay coefficient of variation of the method applied to feeds is 6.0%. The within-assay analytical recovery of menadione sodium bisulphite added to feeds is 94.4 +/- 6.8% (mean +/- S.D.). PMID- 6548760 TI - Relative accuracy of three automated systems for neuropsychological interpretation. AB - Three computer programs for automated interpretation of variants of the Halstead Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery were tested on cases in two data sets. The Key approach of Russell, Neuringer, and Goldstein (1970), Brain I (Finkelstein, 1977), and Adams' (1975) ability-based algorithm were employed in the study. The first data set included 63 well-documented cases with precise criterion data and multiple sources of direct verification. The second data set consisted of 30 equally well-studied cerebrovascular disease patients whose cerebral circulation disorders resulted in clinical manifestations encompassing the entire range of stroke. Results suggested that, while none of the programs do poorly at identifying the presence of brain damage, lateralization and possibly other localization/process predictions are not done well by these programs. The failure described in this particular study does not imply that automated methods are potentially less effective than true actuarial or clinical ones. Rather, we suggest that the translation process from clinical interpretation to the mechanical combinatory logic of the digital computer is at an early stage. PMID- 6548761 TI - CT assessment of the adult intrathoracic cross section of the trachea. AB - After phantom validation of the method, normal tracheal morphology of 25 women and 25 men was studied retrospectively at level 1, the thoracic inlet; level 2, the supracarinal level, and level 3, halfway between. In no case was the minimal cross-sectional area less than 68% of the maximum of the three levels. Areas at the same level were different depending on sex, but not on other body parameters, and so were the means of the three levels: 194 mm2 (SD 35) in women and 272 mm2 (SD 33) in men. Mean tracheal area correlated with mean tracheal diameter (r = 0.98). Average configuration of the trachea was sagittal at the thoracic inlet and transverse supracarinally. Absolute tracheal cross sections of less than 120 mm2 in women and 190 mm2 in men and relative values of less than two-thirds compared with other levels should suggest an abnormality. Although static and not in competition with functional tests, noninvasive CT area calculation may be useful in demonstrating and quantifying tracheal obstruction when mediastinal neoplasms are staged or as a complementary morphological test when ventilatory studies do not afford enough information to localize the lesion and to decide about treatment. PMID- 6548762 TI - MR imaging of the normal knee. AB - The knees of 11 volunteers were examined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The imaging was done with a 0.15 T resistive magnet using spin-echo pulse sequences. Normal anatomy was well displayed. The visualized structures included the menisci, cruciate ligaments, articular cartilage, cortical and cancellous bone, muscles, tendons, subcutaneous and intraarticular fat, and blood vessels. To obtain optimal visualization of the anterior cruciate ligaments, various positionings of the subjects and angulation of the imaging planes were tried. Rotation of the sagittal scanning plane away from the longitudinal axis of the body was found to be most satisfactory. The results obtained so far are very promising and demonstrate the real potential of MR imaging in the knee, which we believe lies in its ability to visualize the menisci and cruciate ligaments without use of contrast agents. PMID- 6548763 TI - CT diagnosis of a mycotic aneurysm of the thoracoabdominal aorta. AB - The CT appearance of a mycotic aneurysm involving the thoracoabdominal aorta with adjacent vertebral osteomyelitis is presented. Specific CT features of the aneurysm, such as lack of intimal calcification and adjacent bone destruction or abscess, may allow the diagnosis to be made in the appropriate clinical setting. PMID- 6548764 TI - Salmonella infections of the mitral valve and abdominal aorta. AB - Endocarditis and mycotic aneurysm of the great blood vessels are two serious complications of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis. Two patients are presented, the first with endocarditis due to S. dublin cured by combined treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin, the second with a fatal aneurysm of the aorta caused by Salmonella infantis. Salmonella endocarditis, particularly with left-sided cardiac involvement, has an especially poor prognosis. Survival is rare without surgery. Chemotherapy should consist of a synergistic combination such as ampicillin with an aminoglycoside for a period of 4-6 weeks. Mycotic aneurysm generally results from haematogenous infection of a previously damaged arteriosclerotic vessel. Salmonella spp. cause approximately 20% of all mycotic aneurysms and there is some evidence to suggest that their role is increasing. Repeatedly positive blood cultures in spite of antimicrobial treatment in an elderly patient should raise the suspicion of an endovascular localisation of the infection. Rapid surgical intervention and appropriate chemotherapy are needed before rupture takes place. PMID- 6548765 TI - Novel human leukocyte interferon subtype and structural comparison of alpha interferon genes. AB - In the cDNA library of virus-induced human leukocytes a novel subtype of IFN alpha gene has been identified and sequenced, named IFN-alpha-N. A comparison of nucleotide sequences within the genes coding for different subtypes of human leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) has revealed the natural hybrid structure of individual alpha-IFNs-H,B,F, and N. Certain regions of the genes for IFN-alpha H,B,F,N show a homology with one of the two structurally distinct groups of leukocyte interferons--either IFN-alpha-A,D or IFN-alpha-C,C1 utilized as reference standards. PMID- 6548766 TI - Elevated plasma phospholipase A2 levels: correlation with the hemodynamic and pulmonary changes in gram-negative septic shock. AB - High levels of circulating phospholipase A2 (PLA2) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypotension in experimental endotoxin shock. In an attempt to detect similar mechanisms in clinical gram-negative septic shock, plasma samples from 34 patients with hypotension and septicemia were collected and assayed for PLA2 activity. PLA2 levels in 100% of patients with septic shock were elevated (as high as 43-fold over control levels), and mean plasma PLA2 activity was increased 16-fold over control levels. Those patients with concurrent adult respiratory distress syndrome had a mean plasma PLA2 activity level 20.2-fold greater than did controls and 44% greater than patients whose clinical courses were not complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome. In patients who survived the hypotensive episode, follow-up determinations during the convalescent phase showed a return in plasma PLA2 levels to baseline values. Using pooled plasma, preliminary molecular weight determination revealed the PLA2 to be a 14,000-dalton lipolytic enzyme with 2-acyl specificity. Our study composes the first demonstration of markedly elevated levels of plasma PLA2 during septic shock. Because circulating PLA2 had been shown experimentally to cause profound systemic hypotension and degradation of pulmonary surfactant, this suggests a mechanistic relationship between the massive release of PLA2 into the systemic circulation during the course of gram-negative septicemia, and the resultant hypotension and respiratory distress syndrome associated with gram negative septic shock. PMID- 6548767 TI - The distribution and chromatographic characterization of PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine amide)-27-like peptides in rat and porcine brain. AB - This study was initiated to characterize PHI (peptide histidine isoleucine amide) 27-like peptides (PLPs) in rat and porcine brain in comparison with other members of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) family and to investigate their distribution by radioimmunoassay. The peptidic nature of the rat brain PLP was indicated by its trypsin sensitivity. On Sephadex chromatography rat brain PLP has the same molecular weight as synthetic (porcine intestinal) PHI-27. High pressure liquid chromatographic separations revealed that PLP in rat and porcine brain extracts elutes as a single peak distinct from VIP or secretin. Porcine brain PLP elutes in the same position as synthetic PHI-27, whereas rat brain PLP immunoreactivity consistently separates from synthetic PHI-27. This suggests that porcine brain PLP is identical to synthetic PHI-27, in agreement with the reported sequence of Tatemoto et al. (Tatemoto, K., M. Carlquist, T. McDonald, and V. Mutt (1983) FEBS Lett. 153: 248-252), whereas PLP may have a different amino acid sequence (or may be post-translationally modified). Using specific PHI and VIP radioimmunoassays, the distribution of PLP was found to parallel that of VIP in rat and porcine brain, being highest in cerebral cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. PLP, like VIP, is abundant in rat retina and can be included in the growing list of retinal peptides. This highly correlated distribution of VIP and PLP may be explained by the recent discovery that they are derived from the same precursor (Itoh, N., K. Obata, N. Yanaihara, and H. Okamoto (1983) Nature 304: 547-549).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548768 TI - An alternative approach to analyzing occupational mortality data. AB - It is widely recognized that analyzing occupational mortality by calculating standardized mortality ratios based on death rates from the general population is subject to a number of limitations. An alternative approach described in this report takes advantage of the fact that comparisons of mortality by subgroups and assessments of trends in mortality are often of equal or greater interest than overall assessments and that such comparisons do not require an external control. A computer program is available for performing the needed calculations for several diseases. This program provides tests for differences and trends among subcategories defined by variables such as length of employment, job category, or exposure measurements and also provides control for age, calendar year, and several other potentially confounding variables. PMID- 6548769 TI - Complications following surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy. AB - A marked reaction postoperatively was noted following strabismus surgery for thyroid ophthalmopathy. Preoperatively, the right eye was noted to have a small amount of lower nasal conjunctival injection and chemosis while the left eye was quiet. Only the right eye had the severe inflammatory reaction postoperatively, while the left eye responded normally. The findings included marked proptosis, chemosis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal exposure and drying with a sterile ring infiltrate, corneal thinning and vascularization, and ocular immobility. The treatment and course of these complications is described. It is suggested that muscle surgery be deferred in patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy when there are signs of continued inflammation. PMID- 6548770 TI - Medical audit using a computer-based medical records system. PMID- 6548771 TI - Computer technology and the medical profession. PMID- 6548772 TI - Lateral distribution of gangliosides in bilayer membranes: lipid and ionic effects. AB - Native Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA 60) has been used as a visual marker to localize the ganglioside GM1 under a variety of conditions in model membranes. By employing the technique of freeze-etch electron microscopy, it was possible to resolve membrane structural details down to some 3 nm. The most striking feature was frequent existence of the marker lectin in clusters--presumably reflecting the underlying presence of clustered receptor. This feature persisted at glycolipid concentrations from 0.5 to 7 mol %. It was visible in membranes of single pure phospholipids above and below their phase transition temperatures, in membranes of mixed phospholipids, and in membranes containing cholesterol. The presence of cations, including Ca2+, was not seen to alter the pattern of lectin binding at a resolution of 3 nm. In pure dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, a lining-up of glycolipid in the "troughs" between ripples in rigid lipid was apparent, in agreement with a similar phenomenon reported by Tillack et al for a neutral glycosphingolipid in pure dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine [1982: Biochim Biophys Acta 691:261-273]; but this feature was not evident in host matrices composed of several different lipids. PMID- 6548773 TI - In situ distribution in different cell types of nuclear glycoconjugates detected by two lectins. AB - Nuclear glycoconjugates were detected in situ by two lectins--Concanavalin A and Wheat germ agglutinin--on tissue sections embedded in the hydrophilic resin glycol methacrylate. These lectins were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate for fluorescence microscopy, and labelled with ferritin for electron microscopy. The ovarian follicle of the lizard Lacerta vivipara was chosen for this study, because it enables four types of nuclei, with different ultrastructures and physiology to be observed on the same section. In this material, all the nucleoli were found to contain a high concentration of receptors for both lectins. The distribution of the receptors located in the chromatin and nucleoli was observed to vary within the same type of nucleus, depending on the lectin used. Some of our results suggest that increased labelling by Wheat germ agglutinin might depend on increased production of ribosomal precursors. PMID- 6548774 TI - Urological manifestations of patients with visceral myopathy. AB - Of 10 patients with familial or nonfamilial visceral myopathy studied for urological manifestations only 3 had symptoms of urinary retention. Excretory urography revealed megacystis in all 3 symptomatic patients, while the 7 asymptomatic patients had normal-sized bladders. Cystometrograms performed in 4 asymptomatic patients also were normal. Bladder tissue from 5 patients was studied. Of 3 autopsy cystectomy specimens 2 were dilated severely and thin walled without trabeculations or diverticula suggestive of mechanical obstruction. Microscopic sections showed segmental intrafascicular fibrosis in 4 patients, which was associated with elastosis in 3. Electron microscopy of leiomyocytes in abnormal fascicles revealed myofilament disorganization, lipid accumulation and increased numbers of cytoplasmic organelles. We conclude that pathological changes in the bladder occur commonly but urinary symptoms occur in less than half of the patients with visceral myopathy available for study. An abnormal excretory urogram was seen in only patients who had symptoms suggestive of lower urinary tract dysfunction. PMID- 6548775 TI - Infected false aneurysms of the subclavian artery: a complication in drug addicts. AB - Two cases of infected false aneurysms of the subclavian artery in drug addicts are described. The clinical findings related to the location of these rare lesions are presented, together with an attempt to explain their pathophysiology. The signs and symptoms include a tender supraclavicular mass in an obviously septic patient associated with brachial plexus palsy, a swollen edematous arm, Horner's syndrome, and hemoptysis. Because of the complexity of symptoms, delay in diagnosis is common. It is emphasized that the recognition of this constellation of symptoms should prompt the physician to perform emergency angiography followed by immediate surgery. PMID- 6548776 TI - [Studies on biological activities of mimicking T3]. PMID- 6548777 TI - [Protein assimilation from starch- and dextrin-containing infant foods with a cow's milk base]. PMID- 6548778 TI - [Effect of a thymus preparation (thymalin) on burn healing and the immunologic reactivity of the body]. PMID- 6548779 TI - [2 cases of struma lymphomatosa in childhood]. PMID- 6548781 TI - Computers in paediatrics. 9. Computerisation of the leukemia registry. PMID- 6548780 TI - [Protein C deficiency--a risk factor for venous thrombosis]. AB - Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent protein which is produced in the liver. Activated protein C has an anticoagulant effect by inactivating the clotting factors V and VIII. We report on a young female patient who suffered from recurrent thrombosis of the deep calf and pelvic veins with pulmonary embolism. Superficial thrombophlebitis also occurred repeatedly. In the plasma of this patient we found reduced levels of protein C antigen (0.62 U/ml) and activity (0.42 U/ml). Investigation of other family members revealed a protein C deficiency in her father, sister, and son. During the anticoagulant treatment with Marcumar the patient developed a coumarin-induced skin necrosis, to which complication a protein C deficiency is evidently predisposed. This complication could only be prevented if heparin was given simultaneously during the adjustment period. PMID- 6548782 TI - Computers in paediatrics. 10. The use of micro-computers in paediatric research. PMID- 6548783 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphoma and interstitial nephritis in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6548784 TI - [Beneficial effect of surfactant treatment of IRDS]. PMID- 6548785 TI - Eye-safety requirements for Nd:YAG laser application in gastroenterology, urology, and neurosurgery. AB - The preconditions relating to radiation safety for application of the Nd:YAG laser in the various fields of open and endoscopic surgery are studied. Potential eye hazards of clinical personnel using a Nd:YAG laser photocoagulator in surgical procedures are investigated and methods of eye protection are discussed. The amount of exposure of the eye to radiation back-scattered from stomach and bladder tissue, as can occur in clinical practice, has been determined for several commercially available rigid cystoscopes and flexible gastroscopes. In addition, the amount of back-scatter from brain and liver tissue has been established under the usual surgical working conditions. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) provisions relating to laser safety are briefly explained in relation to the use of the Nd:YAG laser. The results of experimental investigations are compared with the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) limiting values as per the IEC and ANSI drafts. The precautions necessary for safe application of the Nd:YAG laser in the various medical spheres are described. PMID- 6548786 TI - [Lycurim in combined chemotherapy in vitro]. PMID- 6548787 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of radiotherapy in the combined treatment of generalized Hodgkin's disease in children]. AB - An analysis of the results of treatment of 108 patients with Hodgkin's disease, Stage III, has shown a high efficacy of multiple modality treatment in children followed-up for 5 yrs. A comparative analysis of the results of the therapeutic programs (2 groups of patients) has shown advantages of the therapeutic program using COPP or CVPP chemotherapy programs for inducing remission which when combined with splenectomy and radiotherapy makes it possible to achieve 5-year survival in 86.6% of children. PMID- 6548788 TI - [A program for calculating the dose distribution in arbitrary sections of a patient's body in rotation and multi-field static irradiation]. AB - Programs for the calculation of a dose field in rotation and multipositional irradiation methods, drawn up for SM and ES computers, are described. The programs enable one to make calculations not only in transverse but also in arbitrary longitudinal sections of a patient's body taking account of the heterogeneity of a medium and the transverse incidence of a radiation beam. PMID- 6548789 TI - How AMPAC and MDPAC are working to get out the vote. PMID- 6548790 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease associated with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and chemotherapy of gastric adenocarcinoma. AB - A 68-year-old man was treated with FAM (5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin [Adriamycin], mitomycin-C) for metastic gastric adenocarcinoma. Twelve months later while in complete clinical remission, pulmonary hypertension and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia were recognized, progressed, and ended in his demise 6 months later. At necropsy, minimal residual cancer and severe pulmonary veno-occlusive disease was found. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease may occur in association with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6548791 TI - A constrained least-squares optimization method for external beam radiation therapy treatment planning. AB - A method has been developed to optimize the selection of beam weights for external beam radiation therapy treatment planning. This method uses a matrix transformation method to achieve a least-squares fit to doses at preselected points in a target volume. This method is more general than the conventional least-squares method in that it allows one to incorporate as constraints maximum allowable doses delivered to critical organs, as well as the requirement that all beam weights be non-negative. A computer algorithm DOSEOPT has been written which takes a matrix of doses to various points from beams whose field sizes and orientations have been predetermined, and performs the constrained least-squares fit to desired doses in the target volume and maximum doses to critical organs. Implementation of this algorithm and its application to several cases are discussed. PMID- 6548792 TI - A simple digitizer technique for determining the effective center of spoke shots. AB - A method is described for computing the effective center of an x-ray spoke shot pattern and determining its separation from a given reference point, such as the mechanical isocenter. This method is as quick as, but more accurate than, the standard technique of using a ruler. PMID- 6548793 TI - Additive hypocalciuric effects of amiloride and hydrochlorothiazide in patients treated with calcitriol. AB - To compare the effects of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) alone and in combination with amiloride on urinary calcium excretion we performed 14 acute studies on 7 patients with vitamin-D-induced calciuria. Each patient was studied first with HCTZ alone, and 1-32 weeks later with the same or lower dose of HCTZ combined with amiloride. Administration of HCTZ alone did not change UCaV during the 1st day of therapy, and caused a significant reduction from 44.4 +/- 28.8 to 26.0 +/- 14.4 mg/m2/24 h (p less than 0.02) on the 4th day. In contrast, combined diuretic regimen caused a significant reduction in UCaV from 36.0 +/- 16.7 to 23.6 +/- 14.4 mg/m2/24 h (p less than 0.02) on the 1st day and further reduction to 13.3 +/- 6.9 mg/m2/24 h (p less than 0.01) on the 4th day. UCaV on the 4th day was significantly lower with the HCTZ-amiloride combination (p less than 0.05). The combined therapy caused a greater reduction in FECa/FENa than HCTZ alone on the 1st day (p less than 0.02) and on the 4th day (p less than 0.01). HCTZ-induced hyperkaluria, hypokalemia and alkalosis were prevented by the addition of amiloride. In another patient, low-dose HCTZ-amiloride had a maximal dissociative effect on FECa/FENa and was more effective than HCTZ given alone in a double dose. 3 patients were treated with the low-dose HCTZ-amiloride regimen for a total of 23 months. UCaV was kept persistently low.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548794 TI - Effect of cortisone on jejunal phosphate absorption in hypophysectomized rats. AB - The effect of cortisone on jejunal active and passive phosphate transport was evaluated by the in situ intestinal loop technique using 1.2 and 50 mM concentrations of phosphate. Animals were divided into four groups: (1) intact, (2) hypophysectomized (HX), (3) HX plus cortisone, (4) HX plus 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3]. The results of the experiment suggest that cortisone enhances jejunal phosphate absorption in HX rats through two mechanisms: (1) increased mucosal cell membrane permeability, (2) enhanced water movement, resulting in a rise of luminal phosphate concentration which favors the active and passive transport of phosphate. Stimulation of phosphate transport by cortisone is different from the unidirectional specific phosphate transport caused by 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6548796 TI - The natural history of initially untreated low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - To learn more about the natural history of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, we have studied 83 patients in whom the advanced disease was initially managed without therapy. Actuarial survival was 82 per cent at 5 years and 73 per cent at 10 years. The median time until therapy was required was three years. Spontaneous regressions occurred in 19 untreated patients (23 per cent), including 30 per cent of patients with nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. Histologic transformation to an intermediate-grade or high-grade lymphoma occurred both before and after primary therapy. The actuarial risk of transformation among the initially untreated patients was similar to that in a group of patients treated at this institution immediately after diagnosis. Neither the time to histologic transformation nor the incidence of transformation was influenced by when therapy was started. PMID- 6548795 TI - [Immunologic aspects of Graves' ophthalmopathy. Therapeutic role of plasma exchange]. PMID- 6548797 TI - Follow-up of compensated low-dose 131I therapy of Graves' disease. PMID- 6548798 TI - Hypercalcemia and elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in a patient with end stage renal disease and active tuberculosis. PMID- 6548799 TI - Expression of rabies virus glycoprotein from a recombinant vaccinia virus. AB - Rabies is one of the oldest diseases know to man, but its successful control has remained elusive. Although effective vaccines of tissue culture origin against rabies do exist, such preparations are expensive. Live vaccinia virus (VV) recombinants expressing influenza or hepatitis B antigens have recently been used to immunize against these diseases. We have now used this approach to produce a novel rabies vaccine. We first altered the rabies glycoprotein cDNA by site directed mutagenesis and removed the poly(dG) tail. We then aligned the modified cDNA with an early VV promoter sequence inserted within a cloned copy of the vaccinia thymidine kinase gene and transfected this plasmid into VV-infected cells. Recombination between the virus and the plasmid resulted in a recombinant virus harbouring the rabies glycoprotein cDNA. Inoculation of rabbits with the live recombinant virus induced high titres of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies, and scarification with the recombinant VV protected mice against challenge with street rabies virus. PMID- 6548800 TI - ["A visit from an old friend"; paranoid psychosis in chronic bromide poisoning]. PMID- 6548801 TI - [Katoxyn spray in the topical therapy of burns of intermediate degree]. PMID- 6548802 TI - Acute allergic reaction due to vincristine sulfate. A case report. AB - A patient suffering from Hodgkin's disease exhibiting acute allergic reaction to vincristine sulfate with mild to moderate dermatologic and cardiovascular signs is described. The change of therapy to vindesine sulfate led to relief of all symptoms. The therapeutic effectiveness of the altered protocol remained unchanged and no other or amplified side effects appeared. PMID- 6548803 TI - Creation of the transformed Q statistic probability distribution to aid in the detection of abnormal computerized visual fields. AB - This paper describes the creation of a new Q statistic which can be calculated from the threshold data of a single computerized visual field. The Q statistic can then be used to decide, at a given significance level, whether the individual field is normal or abnormal. The Q statistic is constructed to be particularly sensitive to the situation in which only a small subset of the values in the field is depressed, making it particularly useful in the diagnosis of early glaucoma. PMID- 6548804 TI - [Treatment of retrolental fibroplasia by transscleral cryopexy]. PMID- 6548806 TI - [Problems of the prevention of retrolental fibroplasia]. PMID- 6548805 TI - [Role of gonadal steroids in the regulation of messengers coding for pituitary gonadotropins]. PMID- 6548807 TI - Conformational changes induced in DNA by the in vitro reaction with the mutagenic amine: 3-N,N-acetoxyacetylamino-4,6-dimethyldipyrido (1,2-a: 3', 2'-d) imidazole. AB - The conformation of synthetic or natural DNAs modified in vitro by covalent binding of N-AcO-A-Glu-P-3 was investigated by fluorescence and circular dichroism. In all cases, substitution occurs mainly on the C8 of guanine residues. In modified poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) or poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT) in B conformation, A-Glu-P-3 residues interact strongly with the bases whereas in Z conformation these residues are largely exposed to the solvent and interact weakly with the bases. A-Glu-P-3 and N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF) residues are equally efficient to induce the B-Z transition of poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) and of poly(dA-dC).poly(dG-dT). Modifications of poly(dG).poly(dC) and calf thymus DNA indicate strong interactions between A-Glu-P-3 and the bases. PMID- 6548808 TI - HPLC shadowing: artifacts in peptide characterization monitored by RIA. AB - High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a valuable tool for characterization of peptides, is frequently used in combination with sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIA). The shadow phenomenon, representing carry-over of the peptide from previous application of the standard, can appear to result in the presence of endogenous peptide in the test sample when none is actually there. With delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP), we found the shadowing to be as high as 10%, although it was only 1% with 125I-Tyr-DSIP. Thus, when HPLC-RIA systems are used for identification of peptides, caution must be used to avoid false positive results. PMID- 6548809 TI - [Treatment of the malignant phase of infiltrative-edematous exophthalmos in Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 6548810 TI - The cochlear prosthesis. Bringing the world of sound to the deaf. AB - The complexity of coding in the auditory nerve makes it unlikely that a prosthesis for deaf persons can exactly duplicate the normal function of the ear. With recent advances, however, cochlear prostheses can perform some of the frequency-analysis functions of the normal ear. Cochlear prostheses are effective aids to lipreading and allow recognition of some sounds without visual cues, thus enhancing the profoundly deaf person's communication skills substantially. PMID- 6548811 TI - Application of laser beam technology in the treatment of bladder tumors. PMID- 6548812 TI - The effects of the beta-carboline FG 7142, on intracranial self-stimulation in the rat. AB - The effects of FG 7142 were examined, alone and in combination with chlordiazepoxide, on self-stimulation of the mid-lateral hypothalamus. Rewarding stimuli were delivered according to a 10-sec variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. FG 7142 (1-20 mg/kg) produced a dose-related depression in responding, and chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg) enhanced it. When these two drugs were given together, response rates did not differ significantly from control rates. PMID- 6548813 TI - [Polarographic determination of noxiptilin hydrochloride in tablets]. AB - A direct current polarographic method is proposed for the determination of noxiptiline hydrochloride (1) in tablets. Electrochemical reduction of 1 in HCl (0.1 mol X 1(-1) yields by a 4e process a product identified as 10, 11-dihydro-5H dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-amine. The relative standard deviation of the determination is 0.66% within the 10(-4) mol X 1(-1) range. The limit of detection is about 5 X 10(-6) mol X 1(-1). Individual tablet contents varied between 95.6 and 104.7%, conforming to the requirements of the monograph "Content Uniformity" U.S.P. XX. PMID- 6548814 TI - An 'engine' phenomenon displayed by monolayers of a pulmonary surfactant cycled to steady state. AB - Monolayers of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine--the predominant lung surfactant- have been studied at the surface of buffered Ringer's solution at 37 degrees C using the Langmuir trough with surface tension measured by both the Wilhelmy and du Nouy methods. When the surface was loaded with surfactant in excess of that needed to give a condensed monolayer on compression, the films displayed the conventional loops of surface tension versus area, demonstrating large hysteresis. However, when this system was cycled several hundred times over a physiological (25%) area change, it reached a steady state in which the surface tension for compression now exceeded that for expansion at all areas. This inversion was also recorded after attaining steady state by two other approaches- low initial concentration and 'aging' for two hours--while the phenomenon was further displayed over a larger non-physiological (75%) area excursion after 90 cycles. Inversion of surface tension hysteresis under physiological conditions implies the conversion of some other form of energy into mechanical work which could aid respiration, i.e. an 'engine'. Calculations are included to show how it might make a contribution of the order of 23% to the energy needed to satisfy the work of breathing under resting conditions. PMID- 6548815 TI - Objective clinical evaluation of function. Gait analysis. AB - Automated gait analysis allows us to document and quantify objectively normal gait, functional deficits, and patient response to therapeutic intervention. Instrumentation for this analysis at the Mayo Clinic Gait Laboratory includes three-dimensional electrogoniometers for measurement of relative joint rotation at the hip, knee, and ankle; footswitches that record foot-floor contact sequences; instrumented mats that measure step length and width; piezoelectric force plates for measurement of floor reaction forces; and two walkways that simulate a variety of ground conditions. We use a DEC-PDP 11/34 computer for acquisition, storage, and analysis of data and for generation of a gait report form that displays a patient's results relative to normal and previous evaluations. Applications of these techniques include assessment of function preoperative and postoperative total joint arthroplasty, quantification of gait faults, and documentation of effectiveness of exercise and gait training techniques. We have demonstrated the reliability of the techniques, accumulated a sizeable normal data bank, and developed a concise, effective data summary for communication with referring practitioners. PMID- 6548816 TI - Automated measurement systems for clinical motion analysis. AB - I present a computer-based data acquisition and processing system for human motion analysis. The Motion Analysis Laboratory, Children's Hospital at Stanford, exists to provide excellence in clinical evaluation, research, and teaching. The laboratory provides an objective base for assessment of locomotor dysfunction in four general areas--muscle function, energy expenditure, postural equilibrium, and motion data acquisition. Muscle function studies are used to determine the magnitude and timing of muscle activity patterns. An energy-cost index with heart rate as an estimate of energy expenditure is used to evaluate the energy demands of walking. A postural equilibrium measuring system is used to quantify the amount of body sway during stance. I describe a method for three-dimensional coordinate processing of human motion. Use of modern technology facilitates the rapid transfer of useful knowledge from the laboratory to the clinic team in an easily interpretable visual form. PMID- 6548817 TI - Chronic lumbar intrathecal catheterization in the rat with reduced-length spinal compression. AB - The present paper describes an original technique, chronic lumbar catheterization of the subarachnoidal space in the rat. Introducing the catheter into the rachis directly at lumbar level reduces the length of the intrathecal catheter and, consequently, the extent of spinal cord compression. The validity of the technique is proved by the dose related effect obtained after morphine injections and the staining of the only spinal part of the central nervous system after blue dye injections. PMID- 6548818 TI - DSIP reduces amphetamine-induced hyperthermia in mice. AB - The effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) have not been fully determined. Besides sleep-inducing activities, effects on locomotor behavior, stress-reduction, and temperature-regulation have been published. It was reported that DSIP reversed the increase in temperature of rats injected at room temperature with 15 mg d-amphetamine per kg body weight. We examined this effect in mice with 9 different concentrations of DSIP in addition to D-Ala4-DSIP and an analog, DSIP-P, phosphorylated at the serine in position 7. A reduction of the increased temperature was observed in mice but not in rats. This effect was only significant after pretreatment with 0.1 and 150 nmol DSIP/kg, but not the other doses. D-Ala4-DSIP decreased the rise in temperature between 50-150 nmol/kg, but DSIP-P showed no such effect nor was DSIP able to significantly reduce the increase of temperature induced by the larger dose of 30 mg/kg d-amphetamine. A bell-shaped dose-response curve was found for D-Ala4-DSIP; for DSIP two active dose ranges were observed. Thus, complex dose-effect relationships seem to exist for DSIP (and perhaps its analogs) in thermoregulation. PMID- 6548819 TI - Prolonged culture of cells from normal human thyroid tissue and toxic goiters. AB - Normal human thyroid cells and cells from patients with Grave's disease were cultured for 5 months (11 passages) in vitro. Both normal and diseased thyreocytes, similar in morphology, proliferated actively and responded to thyrotropin stimulation by cytoplasmic arborization of a part of the population. Slight inhibition of mitotic activity was present under the influence of thyrotropin. PMID- 6548820 TI - Chemical constituents of Armillaria mellea mycelium. I. Isolation and characterization of armillarin and armillaridin. PMID- 6548822 TI - Response of lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells to continuous irradiation. AB - Mouse lymphosarcoma LS/BL cells growing as an ascites tumor in the peritoneal cavity of C57BL mice were continuously irradiated in vivo at a low exposure rate of 1.2 Gy per day (5 rad/hr). The growth of the ascites tumor evaluated by direct counting of the cells in the peritoneal cavity and their capacity to form colonies in livers declined with increasing time of continuous irradiation. The radiosensitivity and repair ability of LS/BL cells were studied by a serial dilution method using host survival time as the end point and by the liver colony assay. The radiosensitivity of continuously irradiated LS/BL-CI cells showed no remarkable change as measured by the Do values, but from the 150th week of irradiation the initial shoulder on the survival curves appeared and its width increased with time of exposure. The extrapolation number (n) increased from 1.0 to 8.4 after 350 weeks of irradiation. The reappearance of the initial shoulder was proved with the split-dose technique. PMID- 6548821 TI - Studies on Scutellariae radix. IX. New component inhibiting lipid peroxidation in rat liver. PMID- 6548823 TI - Computer program for diagnostic X-ray exposure conversion. AB - Presented is a computer program designed to convert any given set of exposure factors sequentially into another, yielding either an equivalent photographic density or one increased or decreased by a specifiable proportion. In addition to containing the wherewithal with which to manipulate a set of exposure factors, the facility to print hard (paper) copy is included enabling the results to be pasted into a notebook and used at any time. This program was originally written as an investigative exercise into examining the potential use of computers for practical radiographic purposes as conventionally encountered. At the same time, its possible use as an educational tool was borne in mind. To these ends, the current version of this program may be used as a means whereby exposure factors used in a diagnostic department may be altered to suit a particular requirement or may be used in the school as a mathematical model to describe the behaviour of exposure factors under manipulation without patient exposure. PMID- 6548824 TI - [Optimization of fractionated radiotherapy of tumors]. PMID- 6548826 TI - The assessment of antithyroid antibodies in diffuse lymphoid thyroiditis (DLT). PMID- 6548827 TI - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of endocrine orbitopathy]. AB - On the basis of 52 CT analyses of endocrine orbitopathy the involvement and changes in density and width of the orbital structures are worked out. The differential diagnostic value of CT in inflammatory, tumorous or vascular ophthalmopathy is discussed. PMID- 6548825 TI - Computerized tomography in Graves' immunoophthalmopathy. PMID- 6548828 TI - [Pulmonary surfactant as an indicator of fetal lung maturity evaluated by physicochemical methods]. PMID- 6548829 TI - [Polyneuropathy during treatment with carbimazole]. AB - A patient developed polyneuropathy during carbimazole treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Electrophysiological data and a neuromuscular biopsy suggested a combined axonal and demyelinative lesion together with microvasculitis. Physiopathological hypotheses are discussed. PMID- 6548830 TI - [Efficacy of treatment with antiallergic globulin and bronhodin in chronic respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6548831 TI - [Intracranial mycotic aneurysms. Considerations apropos of 2 clinical cases]. AB - Authors refer about the pathogenesis, the clinical and therapeutical problems, concerning two patients affected by mycotic intracranial aneurysms. They describe the anamnestical data of M.I.A., the clinic, the diagnostical and therapeutical measures in use. PMID- 6548832 TI - [The effect of Alexan on the number of plaque-forming cells collected from the spleen of C3H mice with Gardner's lymphosarcoma or infected with LDH viruses]. PMID- 6548833 TI - [Experiences with the SORD computer and PIPS language: their suitability to the veterinarian]. PMID- 6548835 TI - Dramaturgy of occult practitioners in the treatment of disease and dysfunction entities. AB - This paper provides a dramaturgical analysis of the beliefs and practices of rural and suburban fortune-tellers in the treatment of disease and dysfunction entities. Based upon in-depth interviews with 21 non-Gypsy fortune-tellers, the client records of a key informant and the second author's first-hand familiarity with select aspects of fortune-telling, the paper examines the role of the fortune-teller as a quasi-practitioner. Fortune-tellers were found to employ five dramaturgical devices which (1) reaffirm conventional treatment norms through an informal symbiotic relationship with physicians; (2) provide the 'client' with destigmatizing classifications; and (3) offer an occult etiology which requires spiritual expertise for treatment 'success'. Occult treatment for the conditions tends to mimic the dramaturgy of conventional practitioners through the use of occult rhetoric, labels, client typifications, props and treatment scripts. The management of venereal disease and sexual impotence is examined in detail to illustrate the occult approach to disease and dysfunction entities. PMID- 6548834 TI - Prognosis and therapy in hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 6548836 TI - The drive for professionalization in British osteopathy. AB - This article examines the drive by osteopaths for professionalization in Great Britain. Whereas osteopathy evolved into osteopathic medicine and became part of the medical mainstream in the United States, osteopathy diffused from America to Britain around the turn of the century where it continues to function as a marginal profession. In an effort to overcome their marginality osteopaths have established associations and schools, lobbied for state recognition, created an umbrella organization to transcend intraprofessional rivalries, formed voluntary registers and redefined the scope of their practice. In addition to presenting an overview of these strategies for professionalization, I argue that the ability of osteopaths to obtain legitimacy depends upon convincing political and economic elites that they are useful in compensating for contradictions of capital intensive, high technology medicine. PMID- 6548837 TI - Pocket computer for critical care. PMID- 6548839 TI - Psychovenereology--a new direction for the 1980s or a throwback to the 1950s? PMID- 6548838 TI - Predictors of partner numbers in homosexual men: psychosocial factors in four societies. AB - Six hundred four homosexual men in four countries (Sweden, Finland, Australia, and the Republic of Ireland) were investigated with regard to their number of sexual partners over the past year and a number of psychological variables including masculinity and femininity, number of infections with sexually transmitted agents, relationships with parents, attitudes toward homosexuality, degree of homosexuality, sex-role conservatism, and a number of demographic variables. By use of multiple linear regression on partner numbers for each sample, it was found that between 15% and 28% of the variance of number of partners was accounted for by psychosocial factors, and that the great majority of these were significant in more than one country. Predictors included masculine and feminine personality traits, relationships with mother, degree of homosexuality, perceived societal attitudes toward homosexuality, age, and education. The data strongly suggest that psychosocial factors are significant predictors of numbers of partners of homosexual men, and that psychological approaches to treatment and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases may be warranted. PMID- 6548840 TI - Hyperparathyroidism unmasked by the treatment of hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - Primary hyperparathyroidism masked by untreated hypothyroidism was first noted by Kissin and Bakst in 1947; since then there has been only a single case reported. As a result, it has been thought to be a rare complex of parathyroid disease. During the past 17 years we observed 17 patients who developed primary hyperparathyroidism after their treatment for hypothyroidism (secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis) with thyroxine had been well underway. The patients were all women whose ages ranged between 16 and 76 years. The clinical and biochemical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism were noted 2 months to 30 years after thyroxine therapy. All patients underwent standard subtotal parathyroidectomy. Fourteen patients had a single parathyroid adenoma and three had multiglandular adenomatous hyperplasia. It is of interest that all 17 patients were found to have Hashimoto's thyroiditis, based on antimicrosomal antibody titers or histopathologic criteria. Thus we present a series of patients who developed primary hyperparathyroidism in a background of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and hypothyroidism treated with thyroxine. We are intrigued by the association of hyperparathyroidism and Hashimoto's chronic thyroiditis. From this experience it seems appropriate to evaluate parathyroid function in patients with hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto's thyroiditis before the initiation of treatment with thyroxine and at intervals thereafter. PMID- 6548841 TI - Theory of oviposition strategy of parasitoids. I. Effect of mortality and limited egg number. AB - The optimal oviposition strategies of parasitoids, the host range, and the number of eggs laid per host which result in the maximum lifetime performance of reproduction, are investigated. To study the effects of parasitoid mortality and of limiting total number of eggs laid by a parasitoid, a standard criterion used in previous theories of optimal diet and optimal patch use, the maximization of the foraging rate, is no longer suitable. The model is solved analytically by using dynamic programming. The results are as follows: The host preference of solitary parasitoids depends on the mortality during handling times; i.e., the forager tends to avoid hosts with high risk of foraging mortality. If the total number of eggs produced by a parasitoid is limited, and if the mortality during handling is negligible, the host range is wider when a larger number of eggs remains in the parasitoid's body. In general, however, the mortality-cost of forager and the egg-cost interplay, because the loss of future reproduction by mortality increases with the number of available eggs. In an example with two host types, host range is widest with an intermediate number of eggs available in the body. The optimal number of eggs per host laid by a gregarious parasitoid is also affected by the differential mortality of the forager, and by the number of available eggs. PMID- 6548842 TI - [Hepatitis induced by isaxonine phosphate. Clinical, biological, histoenzymological, biochemical data]. PMID- 6548843 TI - [Venereal diseases in homosexual men]. PMID- 6548844 TI - Protective effect of the serum against cellular damage by active oxygen in culture. AB - It has been known that there is remarkable antioxidant activity in the human sera, especially those in inflammation and pregnancy. In the present investigation, various sera were examined for the antioxidant activity with the aid of cultured cells. It was recognized that the serum added to the culture medium protected cells from harmful action of active oxygen generated by a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XO) system. The inflammatory serum has the greatest protective power, followed by pregnant and normal sera in this order. The antioxidant activity of the serum was inversely related to the Fe concentrations. The addition of ceruloplasmin with SOD action could not inhibit the tissue damage, while addition of catalase or hemoglobin with catalase activity could inhibit it. The protective effect was valid against not only HX XO, but also H2O2. These results show that the chief active oxygen to cause cell damage is H2O2 and the scavenger antioxidants in the serum are hemoglobin and catalase. PMID- 6548845 TI - Mathematical model for cadmium kinetics in the isolated perfused rat liver system. AB - The isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparation has previously been used to investigate cadmium kinetics. A mathematical model which has been developed to simulate cadmium kinetics in the IPRL is described. The model takes into consideration binding of cadmium to both intra- and extracellular proteins and the mechanisms of membrane transport. In addition, the competitive interaction of cadmium with endogenous zinc is incorporated into the model. Model simulations of the behavior of cadmium and zinc in the perfusion medium, liver, and bile are compared to results from IPRL experiments involving cadmium doses ranging from 0.29 to 15.6 mumol. A major contribution of this model is the identification, from a kinetic point of view, of two high-molecular-weight classes of intracellular cadmium-binding species which can be identified by two distinct peaks in Sephadex G-75 profiles of hepatic cytosol. This model can be utilized for the quantitation of kinetics based on specific mechanisms involved in cadmium hepatic kinetics. PMID- 6548846 TI - Antibodies to Rickettsia conori in dogs in western Sicily. PMID- 6548847 TI - Ivermectin as an ectoparasiticide in snakes. PMID- 6548848 TI - Ivermectin in fly strike. PMID- 6548849 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of lectin-binding to canine blood lymphocytes. AB - The cell surface glycoconjugates of blood lymphocytes from 19 dogs with and without neoplastic disease were quantitated using flow cytofluorometric analysis of the binding characteristics of 3 lectins, namely, wheat germ agglutinin, concanavalin-A, and Lens culinaris agglutinin. The specificity of lectin binding was determined using competitive monosaccharide inhibitors. The results show enhanced binding of concanavalin-A to blood lymphocytes from dogs with lymphosarcoma relative to healthy dogs, or those with a variety of neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases. PMID- 6548851 TI - Computer assisted planning: application to health of the elderly by the year 2000. PMID- 6548850 TI - [Clinico-experimental and clinical studies of a ketomethine preparation in sheep and cows]. AB - Some of the clinical parameters of the preparation ketomethyne, containing propylene glycol, methyonine, and Co bichloride, were comparatively studied with the analogous preparation ursoketin at oral application to sheep and cows. It was found that ketomethyne raised more slowly the level of blood sugar than ursoketin, but maintained it by 24-35 per cent higher than the initial level from the 6th to the 24th hour following treatment. The oral application of ketomethyne had no unfavourable effect on the rumen activity, the general clinical indices body temperature, pulse, respiration), the hematologic indices as hemoglobin and erythrocyte and leukocyte count, and the appetite. Similarly to ursoketin, ketomethyne was not readily taken by animals as judged by what was noted with ruminants in cases where the preparation was given as a supplement to the ordinary amounts of feed (concentrates). It was more successfully offered to the large ruminants when 5 to 8 kg silage and the preparation at the rate of 400-500 cm3 were admixed. With cows having paraclinical signs of uetosis (hypoglycemia and ketonuria) the oral administration of ketomethyne at 500 cm3 in the course of four consecutive days produced favourable effects (up to 100 per cent). On such basis, therefore, the use of the preparation is worthwhile in the prevention of ketosis in sheep and cows or in their treatment. PMID- 6548852 TI - [Endoscopic aspects of malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas of the stomach]. AB - Malignant lymphomas of the stomach are rare. They occur in only 1-10% of all malignancies of the stomach. They are mainly non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Due to the rarity of the illness, the different therapy and the better prognosis, it is very important to know the appearance of the lesions in order to distinguish them from stomach cancer. Endoscopic photographs of five different cases with four primary and one secondary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach are demonstrated and related to the classification of the macroscopic forms of sarcomas first described by Palmer in 1950 which was later confirmed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by Friedman. With the aid of typical endoscopic pictures we intend to make the primary unspecific changes of the mucosa of the stomach better recognizable. This is of particular importance in present times, where gastroscopic examinations are being performed to a greater extent outside endoscopic centers. PMID- 6548853 TI - [Quantification of myocardial perfusion defects using 2-dimensional contrast echocardiography]. AB - Ten closed-chested beagles were employed to determine whether reproducible echocontrast imaging of the myocardium could be obtained following injection of the new ultrasonic contrast medium Echocon into the aortic root, and whether myocardial perfusion defects could be successfully diagnosed by this method. The change in intensity of contrast in the myocardium was measured by videodensitometry simultaneously in the supply areas of the left anterior descending and left circumflex branches of the left coronary artery before and during occlusion of the circumflex branch by means of a balloon catheter. Injection of Echocon into the aortic root led to reproducible echocontrast imaging of the entire myocardium. The occlusion of the circumflex branch caused a significant reduction (p less than 0.01) in intensity of contrast in the supply area of the circumflex branch, whereas no differences by comparison with the starting values were identifiable in the supply area of the left anterior descending branch. The correlation factor between the sizes of the perfusion defects ascertained by echocardiography and by planimetric measurement using a pathological anatomical approach was found to be r = 0.89. The injection of Echocon into the aortic root did not induce any significant changes in the aortic or pulmonary pressure, or in heart rate. Only slight flattening of the T-waves, which never lasted longer than 15 seconds, was observed in 50% of the animals. Contrast echocardiography of the myocardium could thus contribute to the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, i.e. perfusion defects. PMID- 6548854 TI - [Lipoamide dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase of skeletal muscle. V. Effect of storage of muscles from sheep, game and poultry at +2 degrees C on activity and subcellular distribution]. AB - Postmortem storage under refrigeration (+2 degrees C) for 7 days of the semimembranosus muscles from sheep, hare and roe deer and of the breast and leg muscles from chicken and duck did not result in a significant decrease of the total activities of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase and beta hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase but caused a loss of the activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase (except in chicken muscle). During storage of the muscle tissue, there was no detectable release of the three enzymes from the mitochondria into the sarcoplasmic fluid except in venison at the point of spoilage. Therefore, storage of muscle under our conditions does not result in notable damage of the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. PMID- 6548855 TI - [Effect of the epididymis on male fertility]. AB - Out of the publications of the last three years concerning the influence of the epididymis on the male fertility those with practical relevance were reviewed. Several qualities of the spermatozoa were influenced by the epididymis: the metabolism, the functions of cell membrane, the fertilizing capacity, the ability to bind to zonae pellucidae of the oocytes and the motility. The motility depends on the electrolytes, androgenes, cAMP-system and the forward motility protein in the epididymis. Furthermore investigations exist dealing with the inhibition of the maturation of spermatozoa during the epididymal transit as a mean of contraception. The conclusion is supported that male fertility demands only a weak or a reversible disturbance of the epididymis. An other possibility would be the in vitro maturation of testicular spermatozoa. PMID- 6548856 TI - The immediate IOP response of Nd-YAG-laser iridotomy and its prophylactic treatability. AB - The response of IOP in the normotensive human eye to Neodym-YAG-laser iridotomy was investigated in this study. In 2 series of 10 patients, each unilateral laser iridotomy was performed with a YAG-laser prior to cataract surgery. In one group laser iridotomy was done without pre-treatment, in the second group laser iridotomy was preceded by treatment with 1% pilocarpine. Close follow-up of IOP before and after surgery was carried out with the Non-Contact-Tonometer. Laser iridotomy caused average IOP rises of 10 mmHg, which could be identified as early as 20 min after surgery, with a maximum of response after 80 min, and a declining IOP from 100 min post-operatively onwards. Pre-treatment with pilocarpine eyedrops could be reduce the laser-mediated IOP rise to less than one fourth. These results recommend a mild miotic for routine pre-treatment for iris laser surgery in order to cope with acute pressure rise as one of the major problems in these procedures. PMID- 6548857 TI - Regression of ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease following thyroidectomy. A systematic study of changes of ocular signs. AB - A report is given of 4 patients with progressive ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease treated by total or subtotal thyroidectomy. The post-operative ophthalmological examination revealed evident regression of ocular symptoms and signs. Serial examinations of the ocular motility, the field of binocular single vision, as well as ultrasonic study were performed and gave an objective support to the improvement of the ocular disturbances. The symptomatical and presumed causal treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy is reviewed and the possible immunological basis is discussed. It is concluded that a reduction in thyroid mass seems to diminish ophthalmic manifestations of Graves' disease. PMID- 6548858 TI - Actions of centrally administered neuropeptide Y on EEG activity in different rat strains and in different phases of their circadian cycle. AB - The effects of centrally administered neuropeptide Y (NPY) on the sleep wakefulness cycle have been studied by analyzing its action in different strains of rats with or without spontaneous hypertension and during two different phases of the circadian cycle. Normal adult Sprague-Dawley (SD), Wistar-Kyoto (WKy) and spontaneous hypertensive (SH) rats were used. By means of EEG electrodes the recording of the fronto-parietal electrocorticogram and the electromyogram could be made. Stainless steel cannula were also implanted into the lateral ventricle. The effects of an intraventricular injection of NPY (1.25 nmol/rat) was compared with the effects of the vehicle (saline) alone. The EEG patterns were classified as desynchronized, mixed or synchronized. In the SD rats NPY produced behavioural signs of sedation and a significant reduction of synchronized EEG activity as well as significant increase of synchronized and mixed EEG activities in comparison with the saline treated rats. In the WKy rats NPY administration produced an increase of synchronized EEG activity during evening sessions. In SH rats NPY produced a significant increase of desynchronized EEG activity and a decrease in mixed EEG activity indicating an awakening effect of the peptide. In view of the NPY innervation of the locus ceruleus, it therefore seems possible that the neuronal and hormonal regulation of the locus ceruleus noradrenaline nerve cells is different in the two strains of rats. It also seems possible that the ability of NPY to increase wakefulness in hypertensive animals is related to abnormal changes in the alpha 2-adrenoreceptors taking place in SH rats. PMID- 6548859 TI - Computed tomography of the knee with reference to meniscal tears. A preliminary report. AB - CT scanning of the knee was performed in one patient with a Baker's cyst and normal menisci and 8 patients with meniscal tears diagnosed at arthrography and confirmed at arthrotomy. The normal menisci were clearly demonstrated. The torn parts of the menisci invariably had ill-defined free edges and contained areas of low CT attenuation. In 2 patients swelling peripheral to the torn meniscus was only demonstrated at CT. PMID- 6548860 TI - Brush border vesicle transport effects of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. PMID- 6548861 TI - Direct in vitro effects of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 on phosphate transport in isolated enterocytes from normal or vitamin D deficient rats. PMID- 6548863 TI - Dissociation of absorptions of calcium and phosphate in different pathophysiological states in man. PMID- 6548862 TI - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption by different mechanisms: contrasting requirements for sodium. PMID- 6548864 TI - Effect of calcitriol on serum 1,25 (OH) 2D3 levels and on renal phosphorous threshold in X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. PMID- 6548865 TI - Influence of calcium and calcium regulating hormones on renal compensatory growth. PMID- 6548866 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the extra-renal handling of inorganic phosphate in thyroparathyroidectomized but not in intact rats. PMID- 6548867 TI - Chemotherapy drug dose alteration due to radiation therapy in an adjuvant situation in breast cancer. AB - Fifty-six patients with T1-T3 and T2-T3 N0 medial lesions of breast carcinoma were randomized after modified radical mastectomy to receive either cytoxan, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) (CMF) chemotherapy for 1 year (group A) or CMF for 1 year and postoperative radiation therapy (group B). Thirty-two patients received chemotherapy alone and 25 patients received both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Twenty-five of 32 group A patients (median age 52) and 20/24 group B patients (median age 50) were evaluable. Leukopenia was the major cause of drug dose reduction in both groups. In group A, 4/25 patients (16%) had leukopenia at less than the 2500 level, whereas 8/20 (40%) group B patients had leukopenia at the same level. If 70% of all three drug dosages are considered as adequate chemotherapy, 21/25 (84%) patients received adequate chemotherapy in group A, and 10/20 (50%) in group B (p approximately equal to 0.029 from contingency table). It appears that radiation therapy in postmastectomy patients hinders adequate drug dose delivery in an adjuvant setting. PMID- 6548868 TI - Alternating combination chemotherapy of advanced soft tissue sarcomas in adults. AB - The possibility of improving treatment results using an alternating combination chemotherapy was explored in 40 evaluable patients with advanced soft tissue sarcomas. Treatment regimen consisted of adriamycin and DTIC alternating with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide. Four patients achieved a complete response and eight achieved a partial response, with an overall response rate of 30%. The median duration of response was 14 months. The median survival time was 28 months for responders compared with 7 months for nonresponders (p = 0.001). Toxicity was predominantly limited to nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression. Although this alternating regimen failed to improve response rates over other combinations, survival times observed in the present study should provide impetus to evaluate further the concept of sequential noncross resistant combinations. PMID- 6548869 TI - Proficiency testing and standardization of prothrombin time: effect of thromboplastin, instrumentation, and plasma. AB - Prothrombin times accumulated from ten different proficiency testing surveys were analyzed in terms of a linear additive model described by Evatt et al (Clin Lab Haemat 1981; 3:331-342). Different types of lyophilized plasma samples were used, i.e., plasmas artificially depleted of coagulation factors by adsorption to aluminum hydroxide, and pooled plasmas of patients receiving coumarin drugs. For each plasma sample, both instruments and thromboplastins had a highly significant effect on the prothrombin time. For most instruments and thromboplastins, a good correlation was found between instrument effect or thromboplastin effect and the mean prothrombin time if various artificially depleted plasma samples from a single manufacturer were used. Artificially depleted plasmas from a second manufacturer gave different relationships between estimated effects and mean prothrombin time. Relationships based on lyophilized pooled patient plasmas were different from those of artificially depleted plasmas from either manufacturer. The potential use of the additive linear model for standardization of the prothrombin time in monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy is discussed. Additional studies are required to establish the suitability of this model to define a universal scale for prothrombin times of fresh plasma samples of anticoagulated patients. If suitable, the model can be linked to the International Normalized Ratio proposed by the World Health Organization. PMID- 6548870 TI - Vitamin D replacement therapy and renal function. Calcitriol v dihydrotachysterol. AB - We treated 24 patients who had chronic renal insufficiency and renal osteodystrophy with either calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) or dihydrotachysterol. Renal function was evaluated before and during treatment to determine if these vitamin D analogues caused an accelerated rate of renal function deterioration. An accelerated rate of increase in the serum creatinine level was found in three of 12 patients in each treatment group after therapy was started, but the mean rate of increase during treatment did not differ significantly from the rate during the pretreatment control period in either group. The occurrence of hypercalcemia or an excessive serum calcium x phosphorus product did not correlate with the rate of change in renal function during treatment with either drug. We concluded that children receiving calcitriol are not at greater risk for an accelerated rate of renal function deterioration than are children treated with dihydrotachysterol. Furthermore, neither vitamin D analogue could be directly implicated as a cause of an accelerated rate of renal function deterioration when episodes of hypercalcemia were transient and occurred infrequently. PMID- 6548871 TI - Developing guidelines for thrombolytic therapy. AB - The development and implementation of guidelines for the use of thrombolytic therapy at a 1000-bed community hospital are described. A thrombolytic therapy committee composed of two physicians, a nurse, and a pharmacist was established to develop the guidelines. The committee outlined goals for the guidelines, developed a format, and defined individual responsibilities. Indications, absolute requirements for use, contraindications, administration procedures, necessary tests before and during infusion, and recommendations for the use of anticoagulant therapy following thrombolytic therapy were listed. All of the committee members participated in educating the hospital staff involved with thrombolytic therapy. The pharmacist served as a liaison with the laboratory and used a flow sheet to monitor all patients receiving thrombolytic therapy. Two years after the guidelines were implemented an evaluation of physician compliance and adverse effects secondary to thrombolytic therapy showed excellent compliance (97-100% on all criteria listed) and an incidence of bleeding comparable with the values reported in the literature for heparin. The guidelines are reviewed annually by the committee and revised when necessary. The use of thrombolytic guidelines has minimized adverse effects and the misuse of laboratory tests, assisted with proper patient selection, and united several disciplines in a collaborative fashion toward a common goal. PMID- 6548872 TI - Evaluation of a microcomputer program for predicting tobramycin serum concentrations. PMID- 6548873 TI - Reversible hypocalciuric hypercalcemia associated with hypothyroidism. AB - Hypothyroidism is known to affect calcium homeostasis by decreasing bone turnover and serum calcium level, and by increasing parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. A 52-year-old hypothyroid woman is described who had hypercalcemia associated with elevated parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels, but decreased 24-hour urinary calcium excretion and ratio of calcium to creatinine clearance. These parameters normalized following thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Hypercalcemia appeared to result from a combination of reduced renal calcium excretion and a change in the "set point" for calcium feedback inhibition of the parathyroid glands. These data suggest that thyroid hormone has a direct effect on the parathyroid glands, regulating parathyroid hormone secretion, and on the kidney's ability to excrete calcium. It is recommended that parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and urinary calcium excretion values be interpreted in light of thyroid hormone status. PMID- 6548875 TI - Transplantation of human hyperthyroid tissue to the nude mouse. An experimental model. AB - This study analyzes the outcome of human normal and hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue transplanted to the nude mouse. Thyroid fragments from 7 patients with Graves' disease were transplanted to nude mice (nu/nu). Before surgery, the patients had been treated with propranolol and iodine; none had received antithyroid therapy. The transplants were removed on the 12th day following transplantation and were studied by light microscopy and autohistoradiography. At this time, all immunologic disorders found on the operative samples had disappeared, and the tissue had lost its hyperfunctioning characteristics. In contrast, transplants from toxic adenoma remained hyperfunctioning, with elevated serum T3 and T4 levels. Similarly, transplants from normal thyroid tissue remained unchanged, and serum T3 and T4 levels remained within the normal range, as if under the influence of the hypothalamic and pituitary regulation of the mice. These findings emphasize the role of the extrathyroid immunologic environment in the regulation of Graves' disease, whereas toxic adenoma remains autonomous. PMID- 6548874 TI - Graves' ophthalmopathy. An unusual course. AB - A patient with an unusual course of Graves' ophthalmopathy is presented; serial computed tomographic scanning of the orbits was used to follow the course of the eye disease. Right-sided unilateral ophthalmopathy first developed two years after thyroid ablation with radioactive iodine and was followed by complete resolution two years later. The remission of this patient's eye disease was short lived; within eight months, unilateral ophthalmopathy affected the left eye, and ophthalmopathy recurred in the right eye a few months later. Current hypotheses do not readily explain the course of this patient's ophthalmopathy. PMID- 6548876 TI - Skin blood flow reduction induced by cigarette smoking: role of vasopressin. AB - The effect of vasopressin released by cigarette smoking on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and skin blood flow (SBF) was investigated in 12 normotensive habitual smokers. At a 1-wk interval, each subject smoked within 10 min two cigarettes before and after intravenous injection of either the specific vascular vasopressin antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (5 micrograms/kg) or its vehicle administered in double-blind fashion. SBF was assessed with a laser Doppler flowmeter. Smoking increased plasma vasopressin (P less than 0.01). In six subjects subsequently treated with the antagonist, plasma vasopressin rose to greater than 10 pg/ml and SBF fell by 18.2 +/- 4.8%. This SBF reduction was prevented by the vasopressin antagonist. In contrast, the vehicle had no effect. In the 24 studies taken together, there was a significant correlation (r = -0.60, P less than 0.01) between the SBF decrease during the first smoking period and the plasma vasopressin levels measured afterwards. The BP and HR rise caused by smoking was not modified by the antagonist. Thus it appears that the decrease in SBF induced by smoking is due to enhanced vasopressin secretion. PMID- 6548877 TI - Steroid-induced panic disorder. PMID- 6548878 TI - [Efficacy of using thymalin in different types of peritonitis in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 6548879 TI - Field-flow fractionation: choices in programmed and nonprogrammed operation. PMID- 6548880 TI - Atracurium in myasthenics undergoing thymectomy. PMID- 6548881 TI - Is bright room light related to retrolental fibroplasia? PMID- 6548882 TI - Human lung lavage surfactant enhances staphylococcal phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. AB - We tested the effect of a preparation of human lung lavage surfactant (SAM) on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human alveolar macrophages (AM). When staphylococci were incubated with 100 to 300 micrograms of SAM, AM phagocytosis but not intracellular killing efficiency was enhanced. The mean numbers of intracellular staphylococci/AM were 36.0 +/- 2.7 and 23.3 +/- 2.8 in the SAM and control groups, respectively (p less than 0.001). The AM intracellular killing efficiency was 40.9 +/- 3.3% and 39.5 +/- 3.9% in the SAM and control groups, respectively (p greater than 0.05). Our results suggest that SAM is an important nonimmune opsonin for bacterial phagocytosis by human AM. PMID- 6548883 TI - Assessment of pancreatic ductal penetration of antibiotics. AB - Pancreatic ductal penetration of antibiotics is not uniform. Antibiotic therapy for pancreatic and pancreatic related infections, theoretically, is enhanced by drugs that reach the ductal system. The pancreatic ductal penetrance of Cefamandol (1 gm), Amikacin (7.5 mg/kg), and Chloramphenicol (1 gm) given as a single intravenous dose prior to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was studied in ten patients. Serum and pancreatic juice were collected simultaneously, frozen, and later assayed for antibiotic concentration. Each antibiotic achieved its expected therapeutic serum level. In contrast, pancreatic ductal levels of Cefamandol and Amikacin were subtherapeutic, whereas Chloramphenicol levels were therapeutic. Further studies are needed to identify other antibiotics with good pancreatic ductal penetrance. PMID- 6548884 TI - [Chemoprophylaxis of schistosomiasis: molluscacidal activity of natural products- assays with adult snails and oviposition]. AB - Data concerning the molluscicidal activity of 159 extracts from 84 Brazilian plants on Biomphalaria glabrata, the most important intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni in Brazil, are presented. Seventy eight extracts (49,0%) showed activity against snails or eggs, but only twenty nine (18.2%) were active on both, snails and eggs. Extracts of two species (Mikania hirsutissima and Qualea multiflora) have shown to be lethals to adult snails at 10 ppm concentration. PMID- 6548885 TI - Discrimination between normal and malignant gastric epithelial cells by computer image analysis. AB - The nuclei of 21 normal and 23 malignant epithelial cells from gastric smears obtained by brushing were analyzed by a black-and-white video camera under computer control. Each nucleus was digitized and its relief smoothed and displayed. A Sobel operator determined the nuclear boundaries and nuclear core area. Eighteen nuclear parameters (form descriptors and gray-value descriptors) were extracted for each nucleus and used as variables for discriminant analysis. Nine of these parameters proved useful for discrimination between normal and malignant gastric epithelial cells, with a correct classification rate of 100%. Of these, the best discriminating variables were the maximal gray value in the core, the maximal horizontal and vertical diameters, the core area and the mean derivative value in the core. PMID- 6548886 TI - Dicorynomycoloyl trehalose activity: comparison of the activity of alpha,alpha'- and beta,beta'-trehalose derivatives on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. AB - 6,6'-Dicorynomycoloyl esters of alpha,alpha'- or beta;beta'-trehalose were synthesized and tested on isolated rat liver mitochondria. In contrast to the well known site-II-specific uncoupling effect of the alpha,alpha'-trehalose derivative, the beta,beta'-trehalose derivative exhibited only non-specific inhibition of active respiration in the presence of glutamate. It is proposed that this unexpected difference between the two isomers could arise from conformational differences in the carbohydrate moiety of the glycolipids, which would render the beta,beta' isomer unable to recognize targets specific to the alpha,alpha'-trehalose glycolipid. PMID- 6548887 TI - [Surgical treatment of Basedow's disease. I--Traditions and new methods in preparation for thyroidectomy: use of dexamethasone]. AB - The combination of dexamethasone (2 mg every 6 hours) carbimazole (15 mg every 8 hours) and potassium iodide (XV drops every 8 hours) has been proposed in the preparation of 21 patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease for surgery. The combination was administered for 6 days and the subtotal thyroidectomy was performed on day 7. All patients had normal serum Triiodothyronine levels after 4 days of such treatment. This combined drug therapy appears to be a rapid, sage and effective preparation for thyroid surgery in patients with Graves' disease and should replace conventional preparation with carbimazole and potassium iodide and beta-blocker preparation in all cases where there are no contra-indications to the use of corticosteroids. PMID- 6548888 TI - [Surgical treatment of Basedow's disease. II--Evaluation of 36 subtotal thyroidectomies]. AB - Results of subtotal thyroidectomy in 36 patients with Graves' disease emphasize the need for strict medical preparation, with the administration of corticoids more particularly, and the technical imperatives required during operation. Analysis of endocrine factors showed that euthyroidism was obtained in 76% of cases with a fairly stable state after 6 months. Hyperthyroidism was rare and developed before the end of the first year. Hypothyroidism, mainly biologic, was frequent during the immediate postoperative period but compensatory hypertrophy of remaining tissue was the usual outcome. It was persistent in 14% of cases, however, but easily compensated by substitutive therapy and a less severe complication than prolonged hyperthyroidism. Biologic hypocalcemia was also frequent but normal levels were reinstituted rapidly. Surgical treatment of Graves' disease is usually effective and rapidly performed, and is particularly indicated when socio-ethnic conditions make medical treatment difficult or impossible. PMID- 6548889 TI - Particulate contamination of solutions for intrathecal use. PMID- 6548890 TI - Production, purification, and characterization of chandramycin, a polypeptide antibiotic from Streptomyces lydicus. AB - A plant pathogenic actinomycete identified as Streptomyces lydicus was isolated from the deep-pitted scab lesions of potato tubers. This strain produces a new polypeptide antibiotic named chandramycin. The antibiotic was isolated from culture broth by extraction with organic solvents and purified by chromatography. The purified antibiotic is a light-yellow crystalline compound soluble in water and in most organic solvents. Amino acid analysis of the acid hydrolysates of chandramycin revealed the presence of glycine, cis-methyl proline, valine, beta, beta-dimethylaminobutyric acid, beta-methyl-phenylalanine, and beta-2-thioazolyl beta-alanine. The amino acid composition of chandramycin is qualitatively similar to that of a known antibiotic, bottromycin A2. Chandramycin showed activity against several gram-positive and a few gram-negative species of bacteria. It showed a strong activity against anaerobic microorganisms. Oral doses of antibiotic when administered up to 466 mg/kg of body weight failed to produce any observable toxic effect in mice. PMID- 6548891 TI - Plasmid associated with diplococcin production in Streptococcus. AB - The ability to produce diplococcin (Dip+) was transferred by conjugation from Streptococcus cremoris 346 to two plasmid-free S. cremoris recipients at a high frequency (10(-1) per donor). Dip+ transconjugants from each mating gained a 54 megadalton plasmid. Spontaneous loss of this plasmid restored the Dip- phenotype. PMID- 6548893 TI - The autopsy. PMID- 6548892 TI - [Effect of CAF'-endocrine therapy on advanced and recurrent breast cancer]. AB - Two cases of primary advanced breast cancer and 4 cases of recurrent breast cancer were treated with cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and FT-207 combined with hormone therapy. Adriamycin (20 mg) was injected twice a week, and an intravenous drip infusion of cyclophosphamide 150 mg), and FT-207 (400 mg) was administered daily for 3 weeks. Oophorectomy was performed in 4 cases and combination administration of tamoxifen and calcitonin was continued. CR was achieved in one of the primary cases, PR was obtained in 4 cases but one patient with pulmonary metastasis died without showing any clinical response. All cases with bone metastasis responded well. Leucopenia, alopecia, nausea and masculinization were easily controlled. No cardiac toxicity was observed. PMID- 6548894 TI - Serum vitamin B12 assays: how accurate are they? PMID- 6548895 TI - Malignant neoplasms metastasizing to a benign host tumor. PMID- 6548896 TI - Effects of sample size on reticulocyte counting and stool examination. PMID- 6548897 TI - Delayed development of angiosarcoma in multinodular infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma. PMID- 6548898 TI - Unusual particles in motor neuron disease. PMID- 6548899 TI - College of American Pathologists Laboratory Improvement Programs. PMID- 6548900 TI - Survey of serum enzyme analyses. Human tissues as a source of enzymes. AB - The College of American Pathologists' enzyme survey permits the evaluation of the quality of enzyme analyses in clinical laboratories. Animal source enzymes for lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase are satisfactory as supplements for enzyme survey serum, since they give results equivalent to human source enzymes. This finding makes the interconversion of results by different methods possible, and the estimation of the upper limit of normal based on the results obtained for the enzyme survey serum. PMID- 6548901 TI - The presence of siderosomes in synovioblasts (B cells) of chronic spontaneous hemarthrosis. Histologic, electron microscopic, and roentgenographic electron microanalysis studies of three cases. AB - The synovium of three patients with chronic spontaneous hemarthrosis was examined by light and electron microscopy and roentgenographic electron microanalysis. The synovium showed hyperplastic villous processes with proliferation of synovioblasts (B cells) and synovial macrophages (A cells). Erythrophagocytosis was observed in synovial macrophages but not in synovioblasts. Synovioblasts, however, had more numerous siderosomes than did synovial macrophages. Ferritin granules were identified in the cytoplasms of synovial macrophages and synovioblasts as well as in the intercellular space. It was noted that the longer the interval following the hemorrhagic episode, the fewer the siderosomes and erythrophagosomes in synovial macrophages. Therefore, it is likely that synovioblasts take up ferritin and/or inorganic iron released from synovial macrophages in chronic local iron overload. PMID- 6548902 TI - Collagenous colitis. Ultrastructural study and collagen immunotyping of four cases. AB - We studied four cases of collagenous colitis (CC), which is characterized by thickening of the subepithelial collagenous layer of the colorectal mucosa and is associated with chronic watery diarrhea. Eighteen cases of CC have been previously reported in the literature, to our knowledge. In our four patients, ultrastructural study and collagen immunotyping demonstrated that the basement membrane over the thickened collagen was normal. We found no similar collagenous thickening in a series of 96 biopsy specimens of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, but collagenous thickening was noted in 17 (25%) of 68 colonic metaplastic polyps. The cause of CC is unknown. The pericryptal fibroblastic sheath of the colonic mucosa has a probable role in the development of CC and metaplastic polyps. The role of the numerous mast cells present in our four cases of CC is currently unknown. PMID- 6548903 TI - Esophageal cancer. Autopsy findings in 171 cases. AB - We present the autopsy findings in 171 patients with primary esophageal cancer and compare our results with those of other investigators. The ratio of men to women was 5.84:1. The average age of the women was 72.9 years. The average age of the men was 61.6 years. Squamous cell carcinomas were found in 91.8% of the cases, adenocarcinomas in 6.4% of the cases, and sarcomas in 1.8% of the cases. In the cases of squamous cell carcinoma, there was an ulcerating and infiltrating growth, primarily. In the cases of adenocarcinoma, there was a polypoid exophytic growth and an ulcerating growth. Most of the tumors were localized in the medial third of the esophagus (50.9%), followed by the distal third of the esophagus (39.7%), and, lastly, the proximal third of the esophagus (9.4%). Of all the tumors, 42.7% had an extension of more than 5 cm in the longitudinal axis at autopsy. The trachea was the organ most commonly infiltrated (21%). No metastases occurred in 28.6% of the cases. Lymph node metastases existed in 67.3% of the cases, and visceral metastases were present in 29.8% of the cases. PMID- 6548904 TI - [Quinazolinones. 1. Preparation, crystal structure and action of 2-methyl-3-(4 oxo-3-phenyl-thiazolidine-2-ylidenamino)-4-(3H)- quinazolinone]. PMID- 6548905 TI - Effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on fracture healing. Calcium, phosphate, and zinc in callus and serum. AB - The incorporation of calcium, phosphate, and zinc into the callus of closed tibial fractures was studied in adult rats fed a standard diet. Low doses (60 ng/kg per day) of 1,25(OH)2D3 5 days a week greatly increased early callus mineralization. This was not related to an increased serum calcium-phosphate molar product but rather to a decreased ratio. The incorporation of zinc into callus seemed to be correlated to the mineralization process but not to the 1,25(OH)2D3 administration as such. The question of a direct, indirect, or a complex role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in bone formation and mineralization is discussed. PMID- 6548906 TI - Effect of derivatization of the bioavailability of ophthalmic steroids. Development of an in vitro method of evaluation. AB - An in vitro method for evaluating efficacy of ophthalmic steroid preparations was developed using bovine eyes. The method was tested using three derivatives of dexamethasone (alcohol, acetate, and sodium phosphate) and the results obtained were similar to those obtained in studies using live rabbits, although differences were noted. Bioavailability of the acetate was greatest; that of the sodium phosphate was the lowest. On the basis of this study, bovine eyes could be used as an alternative method for assessing ophthalmic steroid efficacy. PMID- 6548907 TI - Ethoxzolamide analogue gel. A topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. AB - An analogue of ethoxzolamide, 6-hydroxyethoxzolamide, was synthesized to enhance corneal permeability yet retain carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity for use in lowering intraocular pressure. In a 1% suspension, the analogue caused a small but statistically significant unilateral reduction of IOP when applied to one eye of normal rabbits. When formulated in a gel vehicle, 6-hydroxyethoxzolamide caused a more prolonged and larger reduction in IOP in normal and ocular hypertensive rabbits compared with its effect in suspension or with the parent compound. PMID- 6548908 TI - The choline-depleted type II pneumonocyte. A model for investigating the synthesis of surfactant lipids. AB - When type II pneumonocytes from adult rats were maintained in a medium that lacked choline, the incorporation of [14C]glycerol into phosphatidylcholine was not greatly diminished during the period that the cells displayed characteristics of type II pneumonocytes. Cells that were maintained in choline-free medium that contained choline oxidase and catalase, however, became depleted of choline and subsequent synthesis of phosphatidylcholine by these cells was responsive to choline in the extracellular medium. Incorporation of [14C]glycerol into phosphatidylcholine by choline-depleted cells was stimulated maximally (approx. 6 fold) by extracellular choline at a concentration (0.05 mM) that also supported the greatest incorporation into phosphatidylglycerol. The incorporation of [14C]glycerol into other glycerophospholipids by choline-depleted cells was not increased by extracellular choline. When cells were incubated in the presence of [3H]cytidine, the choline-dependent stimulation of the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol was accompanied by an increased recovery of [3H]CMP. This increased recovery of [3H]CMP reflected an increase in the intracellular amount of CMP from 48 +/- 9 to 76 +/- 16 pmol/10(6) cells. Choline-depleted cells that were exposed to [3H]choline contained [3H]CDP-choline as the principal water-soluble choline derivative. As the extracellular concentration of choline was increase, however, the amount of 3H in phosphocholine greatly exceeded that in all other water-soluble derivatives. Choline-depletion of cells resulted in an increase in the specific activity of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase in cell homogenates (from 0.40 +/- 0.15 to 1.31 +/- 0.20 nmol X min-1 X mg of protein-1). These data are indicative that the biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine is integrated with that of phosphatidylglycerol and are consistent with the proposed involvement of CMP in this integration. The choline-depleted type II pneumonocyte provides a new model for investigating the regulation of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase activity. PMID- 6548909 TI - Metabolism of prostaglandin E analogs in the guinea pig liver mitochondrial fraction. AB - Tritium-labeled 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 and 9-methylene-PGE2 were incubated with the guinea pig liver mitochondrial fraction. The tetranor and dinor metabolites were obtained, a large portion of the latter contained a saturated carboxyl side chain. Also the beta-hydroxydinor metabolites, analogous to the beta oxidation of fatty acids, were identified. Such metabolites have not been reported earlier in connection with beta oxidation of prostaglandins or prostaglandin analogs. Furthermore, omega-hydroxylated analogs were incubated with the guinea pig liver mitochondrial fraction and were found to pass through beta oxidation to a certain extent. PMID- 6548910 TI - Neuromedin B is a major bombesin-like peptide in rat brain: regional distribution of neuromedin B and neuromedin C in rat brain, pituitary and spinal cord. AB - Neuromedin B and neuromedin C are the novel mammalian bombesin-like peptides isolated from porcine spinal cord. We have developed highly specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays for neuromedin B and neuromedin C, and determined their regional distribution in rat central nervous system. Prior to measurements of the tissue contents, immunoreactive neuromedin B and C were characterized by gel-filtration and high performance liquid chromatography. Neuromedin B and C immunoreactivities have similar regional distribution in rat brain, but the content of immunoreactive neuromedin B is 2-6 times higher than that of immunoreactive neuromedin C in every region. These results indicate that neuromedin B is a major endogenous bombesin-like peptide in rat brain and has specific functions of physiological importance. PMID- 6548912 TI - Increased placental concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 in pregnant rats treated with human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Pregnant rats were injected intrajugularly with 2500 i.u. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) toward the end of gestation (days 18-19) and 7.0 pmoles of tritiated 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [( 3H]25(OH)D3) the following day. They were sacrificed ten to 24 hours later. [3H]25(OH)D3 and the in vivo produced [3H]24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [( 3H]24,25(OH)2D3) in lipid extracts from maternal serum, kidneys, placenta and fetal tissues were separated by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HCG treatment of pregnant rats increased significantly 25(OH)D3 levels in the placenta and kidneys and 24,25(OH)2D3 level in the placenta. Fetal metabolites levels were unaffected by HCG treatment. Serum and kidney levels of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 in pregnant rats were significantly lower than in non-pregnant rats. Serum and kidney levels of both metabolites in non-pregnant female rats treated with HCG did not differ from the untreated controls. HCG may, therefore, be involved in regulation of fetoplacental vitamin D metabolism. PMID- 6548911 TI - Enhancement of amphotericin B selectivity by antibiotic incorporation into gel state vesicles. A circular dichroism and permeability study. AB - The permeability induced in cholesterol-or ergosterol-containing phospholipid vesicles by Amphotericin B incorporated into Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine vesicles has been studied in parallel with Circular Dichroism spectroscopy measurements. In our conditions, Amphotericin B is 5 to 10 times more selective to ergosterol- than to cholesterol-containing vesicles. Such a large difference is not observed when Amphotericin B is directly added to the vesicles suspension as its solution in organic solvent. PMID- 6548913 TI - Primary arylamine oxidation by a flavinhydroperoxide. A study of the basis for the substrate specificity of the flavoprotein monooxygenase. AB - 4a-Hydroperoxy-5-ethyl-3,8,10-trimethylisoalloxazine (FlEtOOH) was prepared as a chemical model for the flavin-containing monooxygenase enzyme of mammalian liver. FlEtOOH was found to oxidize a series of para-substituted primary arylamines to the corresponding arylnitroso compound. The rates of arylamine oxidation were found to correlate with the Hammett substituent constant, sigma, as well as with amine basicity. These results suggest that amine nucleophilicity should be an important determinant of flavin monooxygenase reactivity toward primary arylamines; nevertheless, the enzyme demonstrates considerable substrate preference based on other factors. PMID- 6548914 TI - Elevation of molybdenum hydroxylase levels in rabbit liver after ingestion of phthalazine or its hydroxylated metabolite. AB - Oral administration of phthalazine (50 mg/kg/day) or 1-hydroxyphthalazine (10 mg/kg/day) to female rabbits caused an increase in the specific activity of the hepatic molybdenum hydroxylases aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase, whereas no effect on microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity was observed. The rise in the specific activity of purified aldehyde oxidase fractions was accompanied by a similar increase in molybdenum content. A significant lowering of the Km value for phthalazine was demonstrated with enzyme from treated rabbits whereas Km values for structurally similar substrates such as isoquinoline were unchanged from control values. Iso-electric focusing of DEAE-cellulose fractions showed the presence of an additional band of activity indicating that genuine induction of aldehyde oxidase had occurred in rabbits treated with phthalazine or 1 hydroxyphthalazine. PMID- 6548915 TI - Inhibition of turkey gizzard myosin light chain. Kinase activity by dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. AB - Drugs which block the influx of calcium (Ca2+) across plasma membranes may additionally have direct effects upon smooth muscle contractile proteins. In a system of purified proteins comprised of calmodulin, turkey gizzard myosin light chains, and turkey gizzard myosin light chain kinase, the inhibition of myosin light chain phosphorylation by the dihydropyridine Ca2+ antagonists felodipine [3 ethyl-5-methyl-1-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-3, 5-pyridine dicarboxylate] and nitrendipine [3-ethyl-5-methyl-1-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(3 nitrophenyl)-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylate] was studied. In the presence of excess myosin light chain kinase, 50% inhibition of myosin light chain phosphorylation occurred at felodipine and nitrendipine concentrations of 9.8 +/- 1.1 X 10(-6) M and 5.6 +/- 0.6 X 10(-5) M respectively. Inhibition of light chain kinase activity could not be overcome by increasing the free Ca2+ concentration from 0.05 to 5.0 mM. Felodipine was unable to inhibit the activity of myosin light chain kinase rendered Ca2+/calmodulin-independent by limited tryptic digestion. Using molecular sieve chromatography, nitrendipine was found to bind to calmodulin with an apparent dissociation constant (Kapp) of 5.2 +/- 0.3 X 10(-5) M, and this binding was Ca2+ dependent. These data suggest that dihydropyridines inhibit the phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin light chains in vitro by binding to Ca2+/calmodulin and inhibiting the activation of myosin light chain kinase. PMID- 6548916 TI - Benz(f)isoquinolines as excitatory amino acid antagonists: an indication of their mechanism of action? AB - Using the technique of microelectrophoresis on cat and rat spinal neurones, the bridged benz(f)isoquinoline, LY154045, like ketamine and dextrorphan, was found to be a selective antagonist of N-methylaspartate, an amino acid used for characterizing excitatory amino acid synaptic receptors. The unbridged analogue, LY154005, was inactive as an amino acid antagonist. This result correlates well with the ability of LY154045, but not LY154005, to displace phencyclidine from CNS tissue and to mimic phencyclidine in behavioural tests. The potential role of N-methylaspartate antagonism in the aetiology of some of the behavioural effects of LY154045, phencyclidine and related drugs is considered. PMID- 6548917 TI - Absence of a requirement for long-range DNA torsional strain in the production of protein-associated DNA strand breaks in isolated mammalian cell nuclei by the DNA intercalating agent 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA). PMID- 6548918 TI - Characterization of a new crystalline synthetic gastric antacid, almagate. AB - A new crystalline hydrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, almagate (Almax) is described. It has been shown to have an empirical formula Al2 Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O X. X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that it is different from other related antacids and that its crystal structure is made up of brucite layers, in which magnesium is replaced by aluminium in the ratio of 3 to 1, interposed with negatively charged layers containing carbonate ions and water. Analysis of the IR spectra suggests that the interstitial carbonate is coordinated to both metals. Differential thermal analysis demonstrates that almagate has good thermal stability and measurement of its antacid activity shows that it has a rapid neutralization velocity and a high acid consuming capacity. PMID- 6548919 TI - Stability of almagate and pharmaceutical formulations prepared from it. AB - The stability under accelerated conditions of almagate (Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax) a new crystalline synthetic hydrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate antacid, and pharmaceutical formulations prepared from it, were compared with other pharmaceutical formulations prepared from aluminium hydroxide gel or co-gels of aluminium-magnesium hydroxide. The antacid properties of almagate, Almax tablets and suspension, did not change during eight months storage at 60 degrees C whereas preparations of aluminium hydroxide gel and aluminium-magnesium hydroxide co-gel suffered considerable losses in acid neutralization capacity. Neither the X-ray diffraction nor the IR absorption spectrum of almagate changed during storage for 8 months at 60 degrees C. Thus almagate and pharmaceutical formulations prepared from it are thermally stable and will maintain their antacid properties for long periods of time unlike products prepared from aluminium hydroxide gels or aluminium-magnesium hydroxide co-gels. PMID- 6548920 TI - In vitro comparison of the antacid potencies of almagate in tablets and suspension with those of other commercially available antacid preparations. AB - Almagate (hydrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax) in the form of tablets and suspension was compared with other commercially available antacid preparations in a battery of tests designed to evaluate antacid activity and related properties. The evaluation of an antacid should take into account, in addition to total acid neutralising capacity, neutralising capacity under dynamic conditions related to in vivo events, bioavailability, speed of action, lack of possible rebound effect and low sodium content. When these considerations are taken into account Almax tablets and suspension can be classified as highly effective antacids retaining a high proportion of their total neutralising capacity under simulated in vivo conditions. As in the case of the active principle, almagate, the enzyme pepsin has a positive effect on acid neutralising activity. PMID- 6548921 TI - Serum levels of aluminium and magnesium in animals and man after administration of high doses of almagate. AB - Repeated administration of almagate (hydrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax) in doses up to 4 g/kg to rats for 30 days did not result in increased serum levels of magnesium. After single doses of 4 g/kg of almagate, aluminium could not be detected at the limit of detection (0.025 ppm). A slight but physiologically not significant increase in the concentrations of both of these ions was observed after administration of 0.27 g/kg to dogs but not after 0.135 g/kg. The absorption of aluminium and magnesium in volunteers treated for 5 days with almagate and two other non systemic antacids was compared. There was no increment in the serum levels of magnesium above the basal level or of aluminium above the lowest detectable level. Almagate may therefore be classified as a non-systemic antacid. PMID- 6548922 TI - Pharmacological studies with almagate, a potent new antacid compound. AB - Pharmacological screening tests have been done in order to provide an initial assessment of the new antacid compound almagate (aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate hydrate, Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax). In rats with pyloric ligatures, almagate (125-500 mg/kg) was significantly more potent than aluminium hydroxide in raising the pH and reducing the total acidity of the gastric juice produced, without affecting the volume secreted. Pepsin activity in the gastric juice was also significantly inhibited by almagate even after adjustment to the optimal enzyme pH 2, a phenomenon not demonstrable with aluminium hydroxide. Almagate in oral doses up to 3 g/kg was without effects on the central, autonomic and somatic nervous systems in mice, nor at 500 mg/kg did it influence the cardiovascular system or blood pressure responses to agonist drugs in anaesthetised cats. The results confirm almagate to be a potent antacid drug devoid of systemic pharmacological or toxicological effects. PMID- 6548923 TI - Efficacy in vivo of almagate in neutralising histamine-induced acid secretion in a rat re-perfused stomach preparation. AB - The efficacies of almagate (hydrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4H2O, Almax) and aluminium hydroxide to neutralise histamine induced gastric acid hypersecretion were compared in a closed-circuit perfused stomach preparation modified for pH-stat titration in the intact, anaesthetised rat. After intravenous injection of histamine (0.75 mg/kg), the amount of antacid automatically added to the closed system to maintain the stomach perfusion fluid at pH 4 was measured during 60 min. The results obtained show that the acid neutralising capacity of almagate in this hypersecretion model was some 8 times greater than that of aluminium hydroxide. Analysis of the titration curves obtained also demonstrates that the velocity of neutralisation to pH 4 at the start of the experiment was considerably more rapid with almagate. It is concluded that almagate will be a rapid acting, potent drug to reduce acidity of the gastric contents in conditions of acid hypersecretion. PMID- 6548924 TI - Protective action of almagate against bile-facilitated gastric ulceration in the pylorus-ligated (Shay) rat. AB - In man, the reflux of duodenal contents into the stomach leads to gastritis and produces a mucosa susceptible to ulceration. This effect, predominantly due to bile acids, was studied in an animal model in which the oral administration of bile (ox bile powder containing a minimum of 45% cholic acid) markedly increased the gastrolesive action of subcutaneous indomethacin in the pylorus-ligated rat. Oral administration of the new antacid almagate (hydrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, Al2Mg6(OH)14 (CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax) gave a significant dose related reduction in the severity of bile-facilitated gastric lesions whereas aluminium hydroxide gel did not. The antiulcer activity of almagate in this model is presumed to be attributable to its ability to sequester and inactivate bile acids at the pH of the stomach contents, an effect which should beneficially contribute to its acid-neutralising property in the treatment of gastritis, peptic ulcer and associated conditions. PMID- 6548925 TI - Radiotelemetric comparison of two antacids using the Heidelberg capsule. AB - The acid neutralizing capacity of a new antacid, almagate (hydrated aluminium magnesium hydroxycarbonate, Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O, Almax) has been compared with that of a popular mixture of aluminium-magnesium hydroxide codried gel, aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate (antacid A) using a transistorized telemetric technique (Heidelberg capsule) in 10 healthy volunteers following a double-blind crossover design. After placement of the radio transmitter capsule in the stomach a standard bicarbonate alkali test was made followed by the antacid under study. From the pH versus time curves obtained it was clearly shown that both antacid A and Almax produced a rapid (less than 1 min) neutralization of gastric acid (greater than pH 3) and that there were no significant differences between the two in terms of duration of effect (mean values of 48.35 and 54.65 min, respectively) and area under the pH versus time curves (mean values of 166.9 and 197.2 mm2, respectively). The maximum pH reached with Almax (mean 8.3) was, however, significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that reached with antacid A (mean 7.6) although these maximum values were only transient. A calculation of antacid capacity relative to the bicarbonate alkali test control in each subject showed that Almax (5.75) had an apparently greater capacity than antacid A (3.33) but the individual variations were too great to allow statistical confirmation of this difference. PMID- 6548926 TI - Treatment of gastric pyrosis with almagate in patients with and without endoscopically demonstrable duodenal ulcer. A multicentre clinical trial. AB - An open multicentre trial of a new clinical antacid, almagate (hydrated aluminium magnesium hydroxycarbonate, Al2Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4H2O, Almax) has been made in 169 patients suffering from gastric pyrosis (heartburn). Clinical and endoscopical exploration revealed that 104 of the patients had an active duodenal ulcer and 60 of these (group II) were treated with antisecretory drugs (cimetidine or ranitidine) plus Almax and 44 (group III) with Almax alone. Endoscopic exploration in the remaining 65 patients (group I) failed to reveal the presence of an ulcer and they were also treated with Almax alone. In all groups Almax proved to be very effective and the majority of patients were symptom free by the end of the two week trial. 79.5% of the ulcer patients in group III required doses of 6-8 g/d whereas only 21.7% of those in group II with concomitant treatment with antisecretory drugs took more than 4 g/d. The nonulcer patients of group I also used lower doses and only 29.3% needed to reach 6-8 g/d. There was a significant increase in daily bowel movements in all groups which was considered to be advantageous by most patients. Overall tolerance was excellent and side effects (diarrhoea 7 cases, nauseas 5 cases and constipation 1 case) were few and transient and 84.2% of the patients expressed a clear preference for Almax over their previous antacid treatment. PMID- 6548927 TI - The investigation of patients with genital warts. PMID- 6548928 TI - Acceptor proteins of rat prostate residual chromatin. AB - The androgen acceptor sites of the rat prostate residual chromatin (2 M NaCl insoluble fraction of chromatin) have been determined by steroid exchange assay, binding of translocated androgen-receptor complex in vitro, and solubilization of the acceptor protein(s) from the residual chromatin. Binding of [3H]dihydrotestosterone to the residual chromatin was saturable, displaying high affinity (Kd = 3.1 nM) and low capacity (6.3 nmol/mg of protein). The binding of [3H]dihydrotestosterone by the residual chromatin was androgen specific, as shown by steroid competition experiments. Intrachromatin binding study of translocated 5 alpha-[3H]dihydrotestosterone-receptor indicated that the residual chromatin contained 31% of the total chromatin-bound androgen, thus representing one of the major chromatin-androgen binding sites. The results suggested the presence of acceptor molecules in the residual chromatin with which the androgen-receptor interacted. To ascertain this, the residual chromatin was extracted with phenol, and the phenol-solubilized protein(s) was (were) assayed for acceptor activity by interaction with [3H]dihydrotestosterone-receptor complex. Comparison of phenol solubilized residual proteins from rat prostate, spleen, and chicken erythrocyte indicated that [3H]dihydrotestosterone-receptor complex bound tissue specifically to the prostate residual protein and that the interaction required the presence of DNA. The possible importance of the residual DNA was examined by reannealing with cloned cDNAs coding for the subunit components of prostatic binding protein, an androgen-regulated oligomeric protein in rat prostate. The rates of reassociation kinetics of the residual DNA with the cDNAs were faster than with total DNA, equivalent to a 3-fold enrichment in prostatic binding protein coding sequences. The high salt resistant residual chromatin acceptor(s) thus appear(s) to be preferentially associated with androgen-activated genes. PMID- 6548929 TI - Phospholipids chiral at phosphorus. Properties of small unilamellar vesicles of chiral thiophosphatidylcholine. AB - The recent observation of the differences in the biophysical properties between 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and the Rp, Sp, and Rp + Sp isomers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphocholine (DPPsC) in the multilamellar phase [Tsai, M.-D., Jiang, R.-T., & Bruzik, K. (1983) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 105, 2478-2480] prompted us to investigate the biophysical properties of the small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) of the above phospholipids. It was found that DPPC and DPPsC isomers showed approximately the same critical micelle concentrations and formed spherical SUV upon injection of their ethanolic solutions into an aqueous solution. However, the average sizes of the SUV of DPPsC isomers were significantly greater than that of DPPC prepared under the same conditions, as shown by their electron micrographs. The results of both 31P NMR line widths and the ratios of the entrapped solute to the total phospholipids further supported the following order in the average radius of the SUV: (Sp) DPPsC greater than (Rp + Sp)-DPPsC greater than (Rp)-DPPsC greater than DPPC. Complete lysis of the SUV by melittin was demonstrated in all four cases. The DPPsC isomers showed gel-liquid-crystal transition temperatures of 43.8 +/- 0.1 degrees C, which are considerably higher than that of DPPC (37.9 degrees C) under the same conditions. In the SUV of an equimolar mixture of DPPC and (Rp + Sp) DPPsC, DPPsC preferred to stay in the inner layer on the basis of 31P NMR studies by use of a shift reagent PrCl3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6548930 TI - Evidence of a distribution difference between two gangliosides in bilayer membranes. AB - Freeze-etch electron microscopy, a platinum shadowing technique, has been used to compare the lateral distribution of several gangliosides in bilayer model membranes by directly visualizing bound lectin molecules. In particular, GM1 and GD1a, major components of brain ganglioside, were studied in phase-separated mixtures of dipalmitoyl- and dielaidoylphosphatidylcholines exposed to Ricinus communis agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin. The distribution of glycolipid showed evidence of microheterogeneity in that bound lectin tended to occur in clusters of several or more molecules. With GD1a as receptor such clusters were small and very uniformly distributed over the membrane surface. Somewhat larger, irregularly spaced clusters of up to a dozen lectin particles were more typical of membranes bearing GM1 and, in addition, there were occasional extensive patches of bound lectin coexisting with areas apparently devoid of glycolipid receptor in phase-separated mixtures of dipalmitoyl- and dielaidoylphosphatidylcholine. Gangliosides in the latter mixtures were not obviously influenced in their lateral distribution by the presence of coexisting fluid and rigid domains. These basic observations seem to extend to bilayer membranes containing mixtures of two gangliosides. The patterns of lectin binding were not grossly affected by incubation time or history of warming and cooling. This study was extended to bilayers of pure dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in expectation that the distinctive features characteristic of the P beta' phase of this lipid might accentuate any behavioural differences between GM1 and GD1a. GM1 was found to exist preferentially in the 'trough' regions between P beta' ripples, while GD1a showed no apparent preferential arrangement. Given that bound lectins adequately reflect glycolipid distribution in membranes, it would appear that structurally different glycolipids from the same host membrane can assume different distributions on the basis of interactions with defined lipid host matrices. PMID- 6548931 TI - Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA for the alpha-globin mRNA of carp, Cyprinus carpio. AB - A cDNA for alpha-globin mRNA of the carp, Cyprinus carpio, was cloned by the method of Okayama and Berg (Mol. Cell. Biol. 2 (1982) 161-170) and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. The 5' non-coding region contained 23 nucleotides. Following this region, there was an open reading frame encoded with an alpha-globin polypeptide consisting of 142 amino acids. The 3' non-coding region was 88 nucleotides in length, including two copies of the hexanucleotide AATAAA and a poly(A) site of the GC dinucleotide. There were 16 discrepancies between the reported amino acid sequence of the carp alpha-globin chain and the amino acid sequence predicted from the DNA sequence of the clone. The possible explanations for these differences in amino acid sequence are discussed. PMID- 6548932 TI - Detection of 4-hydroxynonenal as a product of lipid peroxidation in native Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - 4-Hydroxynonenal, which is a major product of lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes, was detected in native Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Its formation was stimulated either by ferrous ions or by Fe(II)-histidinate. The identification was based on chromatographic (TLC/HPLC) and ultraviolet-spectroscopic evidence using synthetic 4-hydroxynonenal as reference. Highest values of 4-hydroxynonenal concentration (about 0.1 microM in the cell suspension) after 30 min of incubation were observed with Fe(II)-histidinate as stimulant. Saturation was already reached after an incubation period of 10 min. The results confirm the expectation by Schauenstein and Esterbauer (in Submolecular Biology and Cancer, Ciba Foundation Series 67 (1979) pp. 225-244, Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam) that endogenous lipid peroxidation gives rise to a distinct intracellular level of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes. A simple hypothetical mechanism for the formation of 4-hydroxynonenal from n-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids is presented. PMID- 6548933 TI - Identification and characterization of dolichyl dolichoate, a novel isoprenoic derivative in bovine thyroid. AB - Inspection of the TLC pattern of the neutral lipid fraction of bovine thyroid reveals, in addition to cholesteryl esters and dolichyl fatty acid esters, the presence of a not yet identified compound in the most apolar lipid region. This unknown compound was purified on a preparative scale by silicic acid column chromatography, Lipidex-5000 gel-filtration chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography. By chemical (hydrolysis and reduction) and spectroscopic (ultraviolet, infrared, NMR, mass spectroscopy) methods this lipid was identified as dolichyl dolichoate. The homologue pattern was analyzed, by HPLC and FDMS, respectively. PMID- 6548934 TI - A non-metric sequence alignment program. PMID- 6548935 TI - Theory and practical application of coupled enzyme reactions: one and two auxiliary enzymes. AB - An extended and practical set of equations which describe coupled enzyme reactions is presented. The mathematical treatment relies on two assumptions: (a) the rate of the primary enzyme reaction is constant and (b) the reverse reactions are negligible. The treatment leads to the development of new equations which relate the time required for the concentration of a reaction intermediate to reach a defined fraction of its steady-state concentration to the kinetic parameters of the enzymes when mutarotation of one of the intermediates does not occur. The new equations reduce to those previously derived when the steady-state concentration of the intermediate is small compared with its Km value. A method for minimizing the cost of the two auxiliary enzyme system is also provided. PMID- 6548936 TI - Phase II study of mitolactol in chemotherapy-refractory metastatic breast cancer. AB - Thirty-eight evaluable patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to hormonal therapy and multiple chemotherapy regimens were treated with mitolactol at a dose of 130 mg/m2/day orally for 10 days every 6 weeks. Only one patient, with nodal and chest wall metastases, had a sustained complete regression; two patients had stable disease; and 35 patients had disease progression. The toxicity, which was primarily hematologic, was acceptable. PMID- 6548937 TI - [Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia]. PMID- 6548938 TI - The mechanism of action of 4-hydroxynonenal in cell injury. AB - The effect of the C9 ketoaldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a cytotoxic product of lipid peroxidation, on DNA, RNA and protein synthesis has been investigated in cells in culture. Macromolecular synthesis is powerfully inhibited by this agent which readily enters the lipid-rich membranes and is considerably more toxic than the polar ketoaldehyde, methyl glyoxal (MG). The entry of HNE into membranes lowers their glutathione GSH content. This is associated with an increased lipid peroxidation measured in vitro which is blocked by added GSH or alpha-tocopherol. It is proposed that this latter sequence of events is the underlying cause of the cytopathic effect of HNE in cells in culture. PMID- 6548939 TI - Plasma concentrations following single doses of morphine sulfate in oral solution and rectal suppository. AB - Plasma concentrations of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide (morphine's major metabolite) were determined following single 10-mg doses of morphine sulfate in oral solution and rectal suppository. Ten patients with pain secondary to cancer were given a single 10-mg dose of oral morphine sulfate in an oral solution or rectal suppository on sequential days. Blood samples were collected at time zero and periodically for 4.5 hours after administration. Plasma concentrations of morphine and morphine-3-glucuronide were determined using liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Higher mean concentrations of morphine were achieved with the rectal suppository than with the oral solution at all time points, and the overall mean plasma morphine concentration for the entire 4.5 hour period was significantly higher for the rectal suppository than for the oral solution. There were no significant differences between dosage forms in mean morphine-3-glucuronide concentrations at individual time points or over the entire period. A single dose of morphine sulfate in a rectal suppository was better absorbed than in an oral solution. Further studies are needed to compare the clinical efficacy of these dosage forms under steady-state conditions. PMID- 6548940 TI - Effect of sucralfate on ibuprofen absorption in normal volunteers. AB - The effect of the concurrent administration of sucralfate on the absorption of a single dose of ibuprofen was studied in nine normal volunteers using a random crossover design. Each participant received a single 600-mg dose of ibuprofen for the control phase, and a 600-mg dose of ibuprofen following 5 g of sucralfate given in 1-g divided doses for the treatment phase. Blood samples were obtained at regular intervals for 12 hours following the administration of ibuprofen, and pharmacokinetic and statistical analyses were performed. Analysis of time to peak serum concentration, maximum serum concentration, elimination rate constant, and half-life showed no significant difference between the control and treatment phases. Mean total area under the curve for ibuprofen decreased by 11.8% in the treatment phase, but this decrease was not statistically significant. The concurrent administration of sucralfate did not significantly alter the absorption of a single 600-mg dose of ibuprofen in healthy subjects. PMID- 6548942 TI - Estimation of endpoints in biological systems. AB - A program, written in BASIC, has been developed to estimate rapidly endpoints from a small number of experimental data. The computational method is based on the work of Reed and Muench (Am. J. Hyg. 27, 493 1938). Several endpoints may be estimated in the same run. A subroutine allows the saving of experimental data in disk file and a printout subroutine permits different types of printout (tabular or graphical). Estimation of several infectious doses (ID) of a guinea-pig inclusion conjunctivitis (GPIC) Chlamydia psittaci strain is given as sample run. PMID- 6548941 TI - Binding characteristics of a fluorescent analogue of diphosphoglyceric acid to human, amphibian and fish hemoglobins. AB - An attempt was made to establish the binding of N-(2,4-diphosphobenzyl)-1-amino-5 naphthalenesulfonic acid, DIPANS, as an estimator of conformation in the carbonmonoxy (CO)-hemoglobins (Hbs) of several vertebrates. DIPANS failed to bind menhaden I, trout I or tuna Hbs which are ligand insensitive. Below a pH of 7.0, DIPANS bound menhaden II, Bufo, Xenopus, and human Hbs with a binding stoichiometry greater than one. The charge of the DIPANS molecule does not control its binding to these Hbs. The binding to human CO-Hb can not be due to Hb conformation. For Xenopus Hbs and menhaden II, conformation predominates DIPANS binding. The binding to CO-Hb of DIPANS, can not be unambiguously attributed to the Hb's quaternary conformation. PMID- 6548943 TI - NEXUS: a computer language for physiological systems and signal analysis. AB - NEXUS is a general purpose interpretive computer language for the analysis of physiological systems and signals. Sophisticated analyses may be undertaken with minimal programming experience using a powerful set of system and signal analysis techniques embodied in the NEXUS operators. The language provides a syntax enabling various stages of an analysis to be performed interactively and/or automatically. NEXUS also provides graphics capabilities and extensive on-line help facilities. PMID- 6548944 TI - Peritz' F test: basic program of a robust multiple comparison test for statistical analysis of all differences among group means. AB - Peritz' F test has previously been found to be the most robust statistical multiple comparison test able to hold all comparisons among group means to a given experimentwise error rate. A BASIC program which will perform this test quickly on a desk-top microcomputer, needing fewer than 11 kbytes of RAM memory, is presented. The program is run in the author's laboratory using an inexpensive VIC-20 computer. PMID- 6548945 TI - Regression analysis of nonlinear Arrhenius plots: an empirical model and a computer program. AB - The rates of most physical, chemical and biological processes vary with temperature and numerous instances have been reported in which Arrhenius plots of the experimental data appear to consist of two straight line segments joined by a relatively sharp break. An empirical model, based on a general hyperbola, is shown to be applicable to such systems; a nonlinear regression program is described which facilitates fitting of this function to experimental data which show either broad or sharp transitions. The program yields best estimates and standard errors of the temperature and ordinate value at the transition, and the two activation energies. PMID- 6548946 TI - Computer programs to obtain HPLC parameters of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Listings of BASIC and TI-59 programs are included to obtain the HPLC retention factors for beta-lactam antibiotics at given antibiotic pK's, pH, and capacity factor values, which are useful in considering the different chromatographic behaviour of antibiotics as the pH varies. PMID- 6548948 TI - Pocket computer program for fitting the Hill equation. AB - This paper presents a program written in the BASIC language for the Radio Shack TRS-80 PC-1 or the Sharp PC 1211 pocket computers for fitting the Hill equation to experimental data. The program is based on a procedure involving a combination of an optimization technique and non-linear regression. The program determines precisely all three parameters of the Hill equation and in addition, it performs a simulation of the kinetic experiment using the parameter values previously estimated, calculating the sum of squares of residuals. PMID- 6548947 TI - A pain microcomputer system for clinical and laboratory investigation. AB - This report describes the design and use of a mobile "Pain Microcomputer System" (PMS). As a mobile clinical and laboratory research tool the PMS integrates four functions: (1) psychophysical measurement of behavioral pain responses; (2) psychophysiologic recording, including brain evoked potentials, cortical power spectrum analysis, EKG and EMG; (3) data acquisition, analysis and display; (4) peripheral communications via modem allows interaction with larger computers for more complex data analyses, extensive graphics, etc. A word processor disk facilitates writing of scientific and clinical reports. Present and future capabilities of the system for comprehensive pain research and patient care are discussed. PMID- 6548949 TI - Computer recognition of radiopaque myocardial markers. AB - Radiopaque markers implanted in the heart have been used both clinically and experimentally to examine cardiac function. From the position of the markers, both regional and global function can be determined. A major problem with using radiopaque markers is the excessive time required for data analysis. Each marker in every cine frame must be identified and digitized by the investigator. To circumvent this problem, a computer system was developed to automatically identify the markers. The cine film is projected onto a TV camera from which the video signal is digitized and transferred into a computer. The investigator identifies the markers in the first cine frame and thereafter the computer advances the film and locates the markers. The markers are recognized based on positional information from the previous cine frame and on a video density profile. This system greatly reduced the investigators' time required for data analysis. PMID- 6548950 TI - Computer-assisted red cell survival analysis. AB - A computer-assisted procedure for statistically analyzing red cell survival experiments is presented. The procedure utilizes a widely available statistical software (BMDP). The program allows the fitting of a wide range of parametric curves to the survival data. It calculates estimates of the parameters and their standard errors, and produces residuals plots that can be used to pick objectively the "best" fitting curve to the data. A listing of the computer statements required to produce the above analysis is given in the Appendix. PMID- 6548951 TI - Effect of reserpine on fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa. AB - The effect of reserpine at various concentrations (2 X 10(-6), 2 X 10(-7), 2 X 10(-8), 2 X 10(-9) and 2 X 10(-10) M) on the in vitro fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa was studied. Spermatozoa collected from presumably fertile men were washed in BWW medium and incubated with different concentrations of reserpine for 5 hr before insemination of the zona-free hamster ova. The spermatozoal penetration of the zona-free hamster ova was scored 6 hr later and the results were analyzed statistically. Reserpine, at all the concentrations tested, caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in the penetration of the denuded hamster ova in comparison to the control (p less than 0.05). The percent motility of spermatozoa decreased as a function of time during the preincubation period to initiate spermatozoal capacitation but there were no significant differences in the values between the control and the reserpine - treated spermatozoa (p greater than 0.05). These findings indicate that reserpine can affect the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa in vitro and provide an additional evidence to suggest the prospective use of reserpine as a vaginal contraceptive. PMID- 6548952 TI - Comparative chromosomal mapping of the owl monkey serum albumin gene. AB - We have mapped the albumin locus (ALB) in the owl monkey, Aotus trivirgatus, using a cloned human albumin gene probe, pcHSA 33-1. Rodent-owl monkey somatic cell hybrids were used to map the owl monkey albumin locus in three subgroups of Aotus, karyotypes II, V, and VI. Segregation analysis of the molecular hybridization pattern of pcHSA 33-1 in the somatic cell hybrids indicated that the albumin locus maps to chromosome 9 of owl monkey karyotype II, chromosome 12 of karyotype V, and chromosome 1 of karyotype VI. This assignment provides evidence for the homology of these three chromosomes and supports the hypothesis of Ma on the formation of chromosome 1 in karyotype VI. PMID- 6548953 TI - [Human thyroid stimulator (HTS) in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6548954 TI - Isolation and DNA sequence of full-length cDNA for human preapolipoprotein CIII. AB - A full-length cDNA clone for apolipoprotein CIII has been isolated from a human fetal liver cDNA library constructed in the vector lambda gt10. The clone spans 677 nucleotides, including a 48-bp 5'-untranslated segment, 300 bp of coding sequence, and a 276-bp 3'-untranslated segment. The deduced amino acid sequence includes a 79-amino acid mature polypeptide and a 20-amino acid amino-terminal signal sequence. The signal sequence was compared with those of other lipoproteins. PMID- 6548955 TI - Isolation of a cDNA clone coding for the gamma-subunit of mouse nerve growth factor using a high-stringency selection procedure. AB - A new approach was taken to isolate a full-length cDNA encoding the gamma-subunit of nerve growth factor (NGF). An oligonucleotide probe was used first to identify kallikrein-related sequences in a cDNA library derived from male mouse submaxillary gland mRNA. Of 10,000 clones, 860 were identified as being kallikrein-related; these were analyzed further by hybridization to synthetic oligonucleotides using a procedure which eliminates the effects of base composition and thus allows distinction between partial and perfect sequence complementarity. Nine clones hybridized with a gamma-subunit-specific probe at high stringency, and the nucleotide sequence of the longest cDNA insert was determined. Regions of homology and variability within the kallikrein gene family are maintained in this protein and probably reflect the similar functions and different substrates for this family of proteins. PMID- 6548956 TI - [DNA translocation across model phospholipid membranes]. PMID- 6548957 TI - Intestinal folate conjugase activity and folate absorption in the ethanol-fed pregnant rat. AB - The effect of chronic alcohol consumption on intestinal folate conjugase activity and on the absorption of both mono- and polyglutamyl folates was evaluated in pregnant rats. Female rats were given either 20% ethanol in drinking water and rat chow ad libitum (alcohol group) or were fed rat chow and water ad libitum (controls). After four weeks on this regimen all animals were bred and the alcohol group was changed to 30% ethanol in water. Conjugase activity, in vivo folate absorption, and fetal and placental weights were measured on day 20 of gestation. The controls consumed more food than the alcohol group, which was reflected in significantly higher body weights of the control group. Fetal weights of the alcohol group were significantly lower than those of the controls, but litter size and placental weights were not significantly different. No significant differences were found in intestinal conjugase activity between the two groups of animals, but the intestinal absorption of both folate mono- and pentaglutamate were significantly higher in the alcohol than in the control group. The absorption of folate pentaglutamate was higher than that of folate monoglutamate in both groups of animals but the differences were not significant. These findings indicate that ethanol ingestion during pregnancy does not seem to interfere with either folate polyglutamate hydrolysis or folate absorption. PMID- 6548958 TI - [Clinical aspects and observations on patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome]. AB - Since November 1982, patients with symptoms suggesting a lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as their contacts and persons in high risk groups were examined as out-patients. The examinations have now been concluded in 101 patients. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to clinical symptoms and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio: 30 patients with normal ratio (group I), 59 patients with LAS and a ratio of less than 1 (group II) and 12 patients with fully developed AIDS (group III). During a follow-up time of 18 months, 3 patients of group I developed LAS and 1 patient in group II developed toxoplasma encephalitis. In a further 2 patients with LAS, uncharacteristic symptoms such as fever, tiredness and loss of weight increased, while at the same time the number of OKT4+ cells and thus the ratio fell significantly. In 4 cases the immunological parameters and the clinical picture improved. In 52 patients the clinical picture and the laboratory findings did not change. The demonstration of retrovirus HTLV III would seem to provide the cause of LAS and AIDS. Nonetheless, follow-up observation of contacts and patients with LAS remain important. PMID- 6548959 TI - [A new hereditary thrombotic disease--protein C deficiency]. PMID- 6548960 TI - [Growth activity and radiosensitivity of Pliss lymphosarcoma cells fractionated by sedimentation]. AB - The sedimentation fractionation of ascitic form of Plyss lymphosarcoma was performed in the linear 1-3% sucrose gradient with 1 g. Fractions were different in cell sizes, protein content and also in intensity of the 3H-thymidine incorporation. Fractions which contained cells in the G1, G1 + S and S + G2 phases were transplanted in vivo in a solid form. Cells with the low sedimentation rate had the maximum growth capacity. The growth rate of G1 + S cells was similar to that of the initial tumour. Cells of high-rate sedimentation were characterized by the low growth activity. The values of D0 for these 3 fractions were 1.64, 2.05 and 2.11 Gy, and those of n 1.9, 2.9 and 1.6, respectively. These differences were not a result of selective injury of cells in fractions or their contamination by nontumour cells. PMID- 6548961 TI - [Effect of polypeptide factors of the thymus, pineal gland, bone marrow and anterior hypothalamus on the realization of transplacental carcinogenesis]. AB - The postnatal action of low-molecular polypeptide factors of thymus (FT), pineal gland (FP), bone marrow (FRM) and anterior hypothalamus (FAH) on transplacental carcinogenic effect of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea in rats was studied. Both FT and FP administrations decreased incidence and multiplicity of tumours and prolonged their mean latent periods. These drugs inhibited mainly the development of tumours of the spinal cord, kidneys and peripheral nervous system but not those of the brain. Both FBM and FAH had no significant influence on transplacental carcinogenesis. FT and FP anticarcinogenic effect is supposed to be due to their normalizing action on hormonal metabolic and immunological shifts arising in the body after transplacental administration of the carcinogen. PMID- 6548963 TI - Immunostimulating hexapeptide from human casein: amino acid sequence, synthesis and biological properties. AB - A hexapeptide obtained from human casein by enzymatic digestion has been purified, sequenced and synthesized; its structure is: Val-Glu-Pro-Ile-Pro-Tyr. In vitro this hexapeptide stimulates the phagocytosis of opsonized sheep red blood cells by murine peritoneal macrophages. Administered intravenously to adult mice, it enhances the resistance to infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 6548962 TI - Divergent protein coding regions in otherwise closely related androgen-regulated mRNAs. AB - Rat seminal vesicles serve as a model system for studying androgen action. We have sequenced and compared full length cDNAs for two major proteins (S and F) synthesised and secreted under hormonal control. Overall, mRNAS and mRNAF share 57% nucleotide sequence homology suggesting that their genes arose by duplication of a common ancestor. However, the mRNAs display a highly unusual regional distribution of sequence homology, with the untranslated regions (UTRs) being substantially more homologous than the protein-coding regions (PCRs). Detailed analysis of nucleotide substitutions at synonymous and replacement sites shows that the PCRs have evolved very rapidly. Evolutionary conservation of the UTRs is no higher than that of UTRs generally and thus provides no evidence of a specific regulatory role for the UTRs in androgen action. The primary sequences of proteins S and F have diverged so rapidly that they are the best examples of neutrally evolving proteins for which comparative nucleotide sequence data are available. However, despite their rapid divergence, the predicted higher order structures for both proteins consist largely of non-regular conformation. This is discussed in terms of their roles as structural components of the rodent copulatory plug. PMID- 6548964 TI - A new method for objective evaluation of cardiac parametric images. AB - A new method for analyzing cardiac parametric images is introduced. Its original feature is the representation of local heart motion in a polar coordinate plane which makes the integration of the information contained in three parametric images possible. These images are calculated using first harmonic Fourier filtering and are the maximum volume image, the local ejection fraction image, and the phase image. The last two parametric images are considered as the complex ejection fraction parametric image which is described by a 2D distribution in the complex plane. This method is a generalized 2D version of the well-known phase histogram method. By segmenting the complex plane in which this representation is made, four indexes are defined called the index of hypokinesia, the index of asynergy, the mean phase shift in asynergic regions, and the mean ejection fraction in asynergic regions. The values of those indexes are used to assess the degree and extent of regional wall motion abnormalities. An automated classification as normal, hypokinetic, akinetic, slightly dyskinetic, and strongly dyskinetic made on the basis of the values of those indexes has been compared with a visual classification made by three observers in 219 studies. ROC curves show a good agreement between the automated and visual methods. This new method provides an efficient means of automatically classifying cardiac studies. PMID- 6548965 TI - Cellular localization of binding sites for 3H-DSIP on neurones of cultured rat brain stem. AB - By means of light-microscopic autoradiography, binding sites for the delta sleep inducing peptide (3H-DSIP) were observed on the soma and processes of cultured brain stem neurones but not on glial cells. Unlabelled DSIP at high concentrations inhibited binding of 3H-DSIP, indicating specific binding of this peptide. Our data suggest that brain stem neurones might possess receptors for the sleep-inducing peptide. PMID- 6548966 TI - Characterization, properties and multivariate functions of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP). AB - From 1963 to 1970 the possibility of humoral transmission of delta (SWS)-EEG sleep in rabbits by, i.c.v. infusion of extracorporal dialysate from blood of the sinus confluens of donors kept asleep by electrical stimulation of the ventromedian intralaminar thalamus, has been established. From 1970 to 1977 we isolated, characterized and synthesized a nonapeptide called delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) responsible for this effect. Subsequently, intravenous administration of DSIP was shown to produce, in different animals, sleep lasting for hours. Analogs with exchanged amino acids in the sequence or shortening the peptide by one or two amino acids decreased or abolished the effect, as did breakdown products, suggesting a close structure-specificity. In contrast sleep induction per se was found to be species specific, i.e. in cats REM-sleep was predominantly produced. I.c.v., i.v. and s.c. administration yielded, in contrast to pharmaka, a parabolic dose-response curve with different effective optima. Additionally to sleep-induction, DSIP acts upon the circadian rhythmicity of the locomotor activity and transmitter concentrations in the brain and on that of plasma proteins and cortisol levels. We then synthesized a manyfold more powerful derivative by phosphorylation of the serine in position 7 (DSIP-P). Both forms, DSIP and DSIP-P occur in human CSF. Immunoreactive DSIP-like material was found in plasma of several mammals and humans, in human urine, CSF and milk. The penetration of the blood-brain barrier by the peptide has been proven and it was shown that unweaned rats are able to take up DSIP by the intestinal tract. The half-life time for proteolytic split-off of tryptophan by brain slices and homogenates is 15 min. Endogenous immunoreactive DSIP-like material in plasma, urine and CSF was found to be bound to a larger protein (carrier ?) and thus protected from proteolysis. Immunohistochemically DSIP was shown to occur in different regions of the rat brain. The multivariate activity of the peptide was then suggested by its interaction with acute and chronic stress and with drug effects such as morphine, d-amphetamine and barbiturates. An induction of MAO-A and RNA synthesis in the brain was observed and the brain concentration of DSIP increased during progressed hibernation. Finally, alcohol addictism produced a substantial decrease of the DSIP-concentration in the rat brain and a specific electrophysiological effect on isolated neurons of rats and rabbits was established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6548967 TI - Some pharmacological effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP). AB - The synthetic nonapeptide DSIP was studied in rabbits and cats under normal conditions and under conditions of disturbed sleep. In other experiments, the effect of the oligopeptide on withdrawal jumping provoked by naloxone in morphine dependent mice was studied. In rabbits, DSIP at 25 micrograms X kg-1 i.v. and 1 mg X kg-1 s.c. augmented spindle-dominated, light nonREM sleep and prevented hyposomnia after a stressful situation. In cats, 25 micrograms X kg-1 i.v. and 100 micrograms X kg-1 s.c. preferentially augmented REM sleep and abolished the sleep suppressant effect of morphine. In morphine-dependent mice, 25.5 micrograms X kg-1 i.v. as well as doses beyond 85 micrograms X kg-1 s.c. attenuated naloxone induced withdrawal jumping. In most experimental situations, indications for bell shaped dose-response curves of DSIP were found. PMID- 6548968 TI - Effects of DSIP on narcolepsy. AB - Repeated injections of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) were given to a 35 year-old male narcoleptic. Effects on wakefulness and sleep were evaluated by self-reports, performance tests, multiple sleep latency test and all-night polysomnography. DSIP reduced the frequency of sleep attacks and increased activity, alertness and performance during day-time. The sleep period was compressed by DSIP with enhancement of REM sleep. The results suggest that the effects are due to an accentuation of circadian and ultradian rhythms by DSIP. PMID- 6548969 TI - DSIP in the treatment of withdrawal syndromes from alcohol and opiates. AB - The hypothesis for this therapeutic use of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) was based on several animal studies conducted by Tissot. He showed that morphine, alcohol, pentobarbital as well as DSIP, when injected directly into the bulbo mesencephalo-thalamic recruiting system, induced slow-wave sleep with numerous spindles. In all cases, this effect was reversed by Naloxone. Thus, it has been postulated that DSIP possesses an agonistic activity on opiate receptors and might be of value in the treatment of withdrawal syndromes. Therefore, DSIP was administered intravenously to 107 inpatients presenting with symptoms of alcohol (n = 47) or opiate (n = 60) withdrawal. The assessment of effect was based on the clinical evaluation by the physician and the nursing staff. Approximately 13% of the patients from the first and 22% from the second group did not fulfil the requirements for the evaluation of treatment. In, respectively, 97 and 87% of opiate and alcohol addicts, the clinical symptoms and signs disappeared after DSIP administration or improved markedly and rapidly. Anxiety, however, was slower to decrease. On the average, the clinical symptomatology had a more prolonged course and a higher number of DSIP injections were required for opiate addicts than for alcoholics. Tolerance to the DSIP treatment was good, aside from headaches reported by a few patients. PMID- 6548970 TI - Therapeutic effects of delta-sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) in patients with chronic, pronounced pain episodes. A clinical pilot study. AB - Experimental results suggested a modulation or 'programming' interaction of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) with endogenous opioid-peptidergic systems and exogenous intracerebrally or systemically administered morphine and amphetamine. The induction of cerebral MAO-A activity, a pronounced influence on the circadian rhythms of locomotion and intracerebral neurotransmitter as well as plasma protein and cortisol concentrations has been reported. DSIP was also shown to counteract experimentally induced stress situations in animals. An improvement of the psychomotor performance and the concentration capacity in humans beside sleep normalization and pronounced effects on withdrawal symptoms including pain states in alcoholics and opiate addicts was discovered. This encouraged a pilot study for a possible action of the peptide in humans suffering from chronic pronounced pain episodes. We investigated the therapeutic effect in 7 patients with migraine episodes and vasomotor headaches, chronic tinnitus and psychogenic pain attacks. The anamnestic (baseline) values were statistically compared with the katamnestic control period. DSIP lowered significantly the pain levels of 6 out of 7 patients after intravenous administration on 5 consecutive days followed by 5 injections every 48-72 h. Remarkably, a simultaneous significant reduction of the concomitantly occurring depressive states was observed. PMID- 6548971 TI - Prevention by macrocortin of global cerebral ischemia in Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - We have previously shown that dexamethasone protects female Sprague-Dawley CFY rats against global cerebral ischemia induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation. In the present study, macrocortin derived from rat peritoneal cells exposed to dexamethasone was found to exhibit antiphospholipase A2 activity and to provide significant protection against the fatal consequences of carotid artery ligation. These results suggest that the cerebroprotective effect of glucocorticoids may be related to macrocortin production. PMID- 6548972 TI - Cardiovascular effects in the rat of intrathecal injections of apomorphine at the thoracic spinal cord level. AB - Intrathecal (i.t.) administration of apomorphine at the upper thoracic level lowered blood pressure and heart rate in awake rats. This decrease was dose dependent and competitively antagonized by haloperidol (i.v. and i.t.) or domperidone (i.t.) but not by domperidone (i.v.). Furthermore, these effects of apomorphine were not affected by alpha- and beta-blocking drugs (i.t.). The results suggest a spinal site, at least in part, for the cardiovascular effect of apomorphine. PMID- 6548973 TI - Acid and neutral cysteine proteinase inhibitor in normal uterine portio and in squamo-epithelial metaplasia, dysplasias and infiltrative carcinoma of the uterine portio. AB - Acid cysteine proteinase inhibitor (ACPI) and neutral cysteine proteinase inhibitor (NCPI) were localized in formalin-fixed normal human uterine portio as well as in the squamous cell carcinoma and dysplasias of the uterine portio. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique was used. In the squamous epithelium of normal uterine portio, ACPI and NCPI were localized in the cells of the upper and middle layers, mainly in the cytoplasm. In the precursors of cancer, immunoreactivity for ACPI and NCPI declined, and neither of the inhibitors was demonstrable immunohistochemically in the anaplastic squamo-epithelial carcinoma of the uterine portio. Our results suggest that ACPI and NCPI are associated with squamo-epithelial differentiation and that they may also be of significance for the regulation of cysteine proteinase activity in normal tissue and malignant growth. PMID- 6548975 TI - Rapid increase of mitochondrial uncoupling protein and its mRNA in stimulated brown adipose tissue. Use of a cDNA probe. AB - The increase in mitochondrial uncoupling protein in brown adipose tissue during acute stimulation by exposure of animals to cold was examined. Uncoupling protein level increased during the first hours of tissue stimulation. Use of a cDNA probe shows that synthesis of uncoupling protein mRNA was quickly stimulated. Animals treated with propranolol exhibited neither increase in uncoupling protein mRNA nor increase in the protein itself. PMID- 6548976 TI - Chymotrypsin modified with polyethylene glycol catalyzes peptide synthesis reaction in benzene. AB - Chymotrypsin was modified in the zymogen form with 2,4-bis(O-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-6-chloro-s-triazine (activated PEG2), followed by activation with trypsin. The modified enzyme was soluble in benzene and retained its enzymic activity. Acid-amide bond formation by the modified enzyme proceeded efficiently in benzene: N-benzoyltyrosine butylamide was made from N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester and n-butylamine, and benzoyltyrosine(oligo)phenylalanine ethyl esters were formed from N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester and L-phenylalanine ethyl ester. PMID- 6548974 TI - Cyclophosphamide-impaired regulation of hepatic heme metabolism. AB - In male rats hepatic cytochromes b5 and P-450 were reduced at different times after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) (200 mg/kg i.p. for 3 days). In contrast, microsomal heme did not change until 48 h after the last dose of CP, leading to accumulation of heme in a 'non-cytochromal' form. Parallel to the above changes the heme metabolism showed derangement: delta-aminolaevulinate synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis, was depressed and heme oxygenase, the enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative degradation of heme, was increased. PMID- 6548977 TI - Hb Marseille [alpha 2 beta 2 N methionyl-2 (NA2) His----Pro]: a new beta chain variant having an extended N-terminus. AB - A new abnormal hemoglobin was found in a diabetic Maltese woman by citrate agar electrophoresis. This variant was undetectable by isoelectric focusing. No hematological abnormalities were observed. The structural analysis included isolation of the abnormal beta chain, high pressure liquid chromatography of the corresponding tryptic peptides and then microsequencing of the abnormal T1. These procedures revealed a double abnormality: the presence of a methionyl residue extending the NH2 terminus and a histidine to proline substitution in position NA2. PMID- 6548978 TI - Effects of peptide YY and neuropeptide Y on gastric emptying in man. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) are two structurally related peptides. PYY has been identified within endocrine cells and NPY within nerves of the gastrointestinal tract. Infusion of PYY at a low dose at a nominal rate of 2 pmol/kg/min resulted in an increment of 59.2 +/- 7.1 pmol/1 in plasma concentration and a significant delay in gastric emptying of glucose. Infusion of NPY at the same rate produced similar plasma concentrations (52.5 +/- 1.1 pmol/1) and had no significant effect on the rate of gastric emptying. PMID- 6548979 TI - Induction of lamellar bodies synthesis by corticosteroids in first trimester human fetal lungs. PMID- 6548980 TI - Oxidation of Cu(I)-thionein by enzymically generated H2O2. AB - Very little is known of the metabolism of copper on a molecular level. For example, there is no evidence of an oxidative breakdown of Cu(I)-thionein leading to Cu(II). Thus it was of interest to use L- and D-amino-acid oxidases, amino oxidase and galactose oxidase to control the oxidation of Cu(I)-thionein by enzymically generated H2O2. In the presence of these enzymes Cu(II) was generated in each case. In a more detailed study the Cu(I)-thiolate chromophores of Cu thionein were oxidized in the presence of xanthine oxidase as deduced from spectrometrical measurements using EPR and circular dichroism. Unlike Cu2Zn2 superoxide dismutase catalase inhibited the oxidative cleavage, suggesting peroxide as the actual oxidizing agent. Possibly there is an enzymic oxidative pathway for the generation of biologically important Cu(II). PMID- 6548981 TI - A program for the numerical integration of enzyme kinetic equations using small computers. AB - A simple program to integrate differential equations is given. The program is written in BASIC and has been devised to be used on small computers. The program has been used to integrate the differential equations corresponding to a single reaction-single enzyme, a bireaction-single enzyme and a four reaction-four substrate-single enzyme mechanism; it has been used also for studying the interconversions among various molecular forms of a single enzyme, viz. monomer - dimer - trimer - tetramer. The program has proven to be very effective in these models and its time consumption comparable with that of other longer programs. The BASIC version is shown, and the FORTRAN VS version is available upon request to the authors. PMID- 6548982 TI - Steady state enzyme kinetics: experimental design and data analysis by microcomputer. AB - One of the most time-consuming, yet essential, operations involved in the steady state kinetic study of enzymes is the design and optimization of experimental conditions. A computer program was developed for the Sinclair ZX-81 (or TS-1000, 1500) microcomputer which will optimize substrate concentration for preliminary and subsequently more refined kinetic analysis of one, two or three substrate systems. This program also analyzes the data collected from these studies by linear regression, weighted linear regression or weighted non-linear regression. In addition to the above program several of the enzyme kinetic statistical analysis programs of Cleland (1979) have been translated from FORTRAN into BASIC and implemented on the ZX-81 and the TRS-80 model II. Inexpensive commercially available software was used to overcome the inability of the ZX-81 to read data files from magnetic tape making the data analysis programs easier to use. PMID- 6548983 TI - Development of image analysis demonstration packages with MENU: educational aspects. AB - In this paper a tool, MENU, is presented, with which demonstration packages can be easily constructed. The teacher designs the set-up of the package by editing a demonstration specification file, containing both commands to MENU to display frames to the end-user or to execute tasks and the text of the frames. The text contains explanations for the end-user together with the options he can choose. MENU takes care that the corresponding actions are executed. Two image analysis packages, one about CT and one about gated cardiac bloodpool scintigraphy, are presented as examples of the use of MENU. It is concluded, that with MENU (existing) programs can be modeled into packages very easily and efficiently. MENU proves to be a tool that is worthwhile for educational purposes. PMID- 6548984 TI - m-AMSA and adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Twenty-eight patients with advanced or recurrent adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were treated with m-AMSA. Twenty-four patients (86%) were treated at 30 mg/M2/d X 3d q 21 d and four patients were treated at 40 mg/M2/d X 3d q 21 d intravenously. Eighty-eight courses of m-AMSA were administered with a median of 2 courses per patient. One (5%) complete response occurred in 19 patients evaluable for response. Toxicity was well tolerated and generally mild. m-AMSA may be relatively inactive in the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the endometrium; further studies, however, are required to determine its effectiveness in primary previously untreated disease. PMID- 6548985 TI - A computerized method for the measurement of conspicuity. Comparison of film and digital nephrograms. AB - We have designed a computer program appropriate for comparing the conspicuity of an object of interest portrayed on film-based and photoelectronic images. To test this program, we evaluated nephrograms generated by exposing matched film tomograms and digital images of rabbit kidneys following contrast administration. We then evaluated their conspicuity--a measure of how well an object can be distinguished from its surround--by a computer program which automatically traced a concentric and equal area of surrounding background around operator-defined nephrograms. Computerized evaluation of these areas provides the formula elements (mean object and background density and variance values and the number of pixels) from which conspicuity is automatically calculated. Nephrogram conspicuity was greatest for digital subtraction images. This approach is useful for comparing film and digital techniques. PMID- 6548986 TI - Bacterins and vaccines for the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - The preferred method for the control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum is eradication. Unfortunately, the advent of multiple-age farms for poultry production has made eradication impractical after the organism has been introduced. Live vaccination with the F strain of M. gallisepticum during the rearing period has been used to prevent egg production losses. More recently, an inactivated oil emulsion bacterin has become available commercially. Vaccine and bacterin offer protection against egg production losses, respiratory signs and lesions, and egg transmission. Vaccination of broilers, however, is not yet feasible, Bacterin offers minimal protection against infection. The use of bacterins and vaccines on multiple-age farms is being studied as a potential eradication tool. PMID- 6548987 TI - Modifications to recursion unfolding algorithms to find more appropriate neutron spectra. AB - Modifications were made to recursion unfolding algorithms which allow the incorporation of prior knowledge, such as cutoff energy or preferred spectral shape, into the solution. Using these modifications, more appropriate neutron spectra are obtained. PMID- 6548988 TI - Simulated responses to intermittent lognormally distributed doses at variable dose rates. AB - Two previously reported equations for low-LET radiation, R = DmI-n and R = D[a + b(lnI) + h(lnI)2], where the response (R) is expressed in terms of dose (D) and dose rate (I) and the other parameters are constants, were used to compute distributions of response to intermittent, low-level, lognormally distributed doses, administered at different dose rates. The simulations show that the means of the response distributions are affected by both the dose and dose rate distributions. Within certain ranges of their respective values, the influence of the dose and dose rate on the response are in opposite directions, and lead to similar response distributions for numerically different combinations of dose and dose rate. The resolution and mean values of response distributions, when based on nonlinear dose-response relationships, are also affected by dose fractionation. PMID- 6548989 TI - Primary and leakage radiation calculations at 6, 10 and 25 MeV. AB - Primary and leakage x-ray spectra for typical clinical accelerators have been calculated using the EGS Monte Carlo code for 3 energies (6, 10 and 25 MeV) and 4 angles (0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees and 135 degrees). Broad-beam transmission curves have been calculated for ordinary concrete using the MORSE program with the EGS spectra as input. A simple analytical model, which is shown to agree rather well with both experimental data and with the MORSE results, is presented and initial and subsequent tenth-value layers are extracted. Finally, the photon spectrum after the concrete shield is obtained with MORSE. PMID- 6548990 TI - [Functional anatomy and clinical findings of the knee joint]. PMID- 6548991 TI - [Diagnostic and operative arthroscopy in recent knee injuries]. PMID- 6548992 TI - [The meniscus: a poorly understood and often poorly treated structure]. PMID- 6548993 TI - Binding of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin by murine peritoneal macrophages: ultrastructural and cytophotometric studies. AB - Concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin were employed in conjunction with the horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine method for the detection of sugar residues on the surface coat of exudate and resident murine peritoneal macrophages. Electron microscopical and cytophotometric techniques were used for the visualization and quantification of the final reaction product on the surface of cells. After incubation with concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, both exudate and resident macrophages showed readily detectable final reaction product indicating the presence of numerous, easily accessible, alpha-methyl-D-mannosyl and N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl residues on their surface. The binding of concanavalin A was higher with resident than with exudate macrophages. With wheat germ agglutinin, a different pattern of lectin binding was observed: more electron-dense product was deposited on exudate than on resident macrophage surfaces. The binding of concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin to macrophages was inhibited by the competing sugars alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and N-acetyl-D glucosamine, respectively. PMID- 6548994 TI - [Paranasal sinus reconstruction with bioactive bone cement--a 5-year animal experiment study]. AB - The newly developed bioactivated bone cement Palavital is composed of polymethylmethacrylate, glass fibers and bioactive glass ceramic. The superficially located glass ceramic particles offer the possibility of true bonding of the bone cement to the bony implantation bed. Reconstruction of the frontal sinuses and the skull was performed on 9 dogs. The follow up was 14 days to 5 years. The implants were checked by tomography and histology. All implants were tolerated without any inflammatory reaction. The bond between bone and implant was demonstrated. Palavital seems to be an improvement on bone cement on a polymethylmethacrylate base. PMID- 6548995 TI - Panel report on the Colloquium on Recent Advances in the Therapy of Infectious Diseases. PMID- 6548996 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in dromedary camels. AB - The anthelmintic activity of ivermectin when administered orally and subcutaneously at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg of body weight was evaluated in 4 trials involving 20 dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Fecal egg counts were made on the day of treatment and at 2, 4, and 10 weeks after treatment. Trichostrongylid egg counts were reduced by a maximum of 100% when ivermectin was administered orally and by greater than 88% when given subcutaneously. Egg counts of Trichuris spp were reduced by greater than 85% with oral administration, but increased following subcutaneous treatment. No adverse local or systemic reactions were observed following treatment with ivermectin by either route. PMID- 6548997 TI - Sebekiosis in captive alligator hatchlings. PMID- 6548998 TI - Lymphosarcoma with perforation of the ileum in a grizzly bear. PMID- 6548999 TI - Ivermectin treatment of notoedric mange in two fox squirrels. PMID- 6549000 TI - Chryscandin, a novel peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, fermentation, isolation and characterization. AB - A novel antifungal antibiotic, chryscandin was found in the culture broth of a strain of fungi. The producing organism was subsequently identified as Chrysosporium pannorum. The antibiotic obtained as colorless needle crystals (C20H23N7O6, MW 457) is active against Candida albicans and Gram-positive bacteria, but it is ineffective against filamentous fungi and Gram-negative bacteria. Acute toxicity is very low in mice. PMID- 6549001 TI - Chryscandin, a novel peptidyl nucleoside antibiotic. II. Structure determination and synthesis. AB - The structure of chryscandin, a novel antifungal antibiotic, produced by Chrysosporium pannorum No. 4629 was deduced to be 1 from spectroscopic and chemical evidences. In order to confirm the structure and to determine the absolute configuration, the total synthesis of chryscandin was performed. D Xylose was transformed into 10 in ten steps. After beta-glycosidation of silylated benzoyl adenine with 10, the resulting 11 was converted into 4, which was identical with the product obtained from chryscandin by alkaline hydrolysis. From the key intermediate 13, chryscandin was synthesized via peptide formation followed by removal of the protecting groups. Chryscandin (1) is the first naturally occurring nucleoside antibiotic possessing a 3-aminoribofuranuronic acid in the molecule. PMID- 6549002 TI - Chitinovorins A, B and C, novel beta-lactam antibiotics of bacterial origin. PMID- 6549003 TI - Isolation and structure of a new antibiotic, indolizomycin, produced by a strain SK2-52 obtained by interspecies fusion treatment. PMID- 6549004 TI - The structure and absolute stereochemistry of zincophorin (antibiotic M144255): a monobasic carboxylic acid ionophore having a remarkable specificity for divalent cations. PMID- 6549005 TI - Serum thyroglobulin in health and various thyroid disorders. PMID- 6549006 TI - [High-voltage arthrotomographic study of the anterior cruciate ligament]. PMID- 6549007 TI - Proposed structure for the noncovalently associated heme prosthetic group of dissimilatory nitrite reductases. Configuration of substituents of acrylochlorin. AB - The configuration of the substituents around the macrocycle core has been determined for acrylochlorin, the reduced porphyrin that is the iron-free form of heme d1. This has been accomplished by two independent techniques. Nuclear Overhauser enhancements on the proton resonances of acrylochlorin d3-methyl ester were measured to determine nearest-neighbor substituents and mesoprotons. A lanthanide shift reagent, tris-(1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-7,7-dimethyloctane-4,6 di onato) europium(III), was found to bind in the vicinity of the carbonyl oxygens of the propionate and acrylate methyl esters. Differential chemical shift effects on the proton resonances of acrylochlorin provided evidence on relative distances from the lanthanide-binding site. Since the substituents are constrained along the circumference of the macrocycle, this provided information on configuration. Assuming that the dominant mechanism for spin-lattice relaxation in acrylochlorin in deuterated chloroform solution is proton dipole dipole interaction, measured values of spin-lattice relaxation times could be interpreted as being consistent with the proposed configuration. The configuration bears sufficient similarity to that of protoporphyrin IX so that a common nomenclature may be used (Smith K. M. (ed) (1975) Porphyrins and Metalloporphyrins, pp. 3-5, Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam). The deduced configuration of the acrylochlorin methyl ester is: 1-methyl, 1 hydroxymethyl, 2-methyl, 2-hydroxymethyl, 3-methyl formate, 4-methyl formate, 5 methyl, 6-methyl propionate, 7-methyl acrylate, 8-methyl. The naturally occurring heme d1 has free carboxylic acids at the 3-, 4-, 6-, and 7-positions. PMID- 6549009 TI - Phosphorylation of purified cardiac muscle C-protein by purified cAMP-dependent and endogenous Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinases. AB - C-protein, a component of the thick filament of striated muscles, becomes phosphorylated in response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation and dephosphorylated in response to cholinergic receptor stimulation in heart. We have purified C-protein in high yield from cardiac muscle (approximately 50% yield: 0.3 mg of C-protein/g of frozen chicken heart). C-protein has a molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of 155,000 but the native protein migrates as a globular protein of 209,000 daltons in gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, suggesting that it is an asymmetric molecule composed of a single 155,000-dalton polypeptide. C-protein from chicken cardiac muscle has an amino acid composition similar to that of C-proteins from other muscles. The purified protein contains approximately 0.2 mol of phosphate/mol of C-protein. The purified C-protein has no endogenous protein phosphatase activity but does exhibit protein kinase activity in the presence of calcium and calmodulin (approximately 160 pmol of phosphate incorporated/min/mg of C-protein). This endogenous kinase catalyzes the incorporation of approximately 1 mol of phosphate/mol of C-protein. C-protein is an excellent substrate for catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Km = 4 microM, Vmax = 18.6 mumol/min/mg). Phosphorylation by catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase exhibits a broad pH optimum between pH 8 and 9 and results in the incorporation of up to 3 mol of phosphate/mol of C-protein. Phosphate is incorporated into 3-5 different sites at both phosphothreonine and phosphoserine residues. The phosphorylated C-protein does not differ from unphosphorylated C protein with regard to Stokes radius, migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, or UV spectrum. PMID- 6549008 TI - Structural elucidation of a unique macrocyclic membrane lipid from a new, extremely thermophilic, deep-sea hydrothermal vent archaebacterium, Methanococcus jannaschii. AB - The membrane lipid of a new deep-sea hydrothermal vent methanogen, Methanococcus jannaschii, was isolated, purified, and structurally characterized. The total lipid extract, amounting to 32.2 micrograms/mg, dry cell weight, was fractionated on silica gel into a neutral lipid and polar lipid fraction. The neutral lipid fraction consisted of a series of isoprenoid hydrocarbons and free (nonphospholipid) alkylglycerol ethers. The polar phospholipid and glycolipid fraction (8.44 micrograms/mg, dry cell weight) was hydrolyzed with methanolic HCl, and the resulting alkylglycerol ethers were analyzed by a combination of chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The hydrolyzed polar lipid was primarily (95%) a unique, macrocyclic glycerol diether, heretofore unknown. High-field (250 MHz) proton nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectra of this novel macrocyclic compound are nearly identical and overlapping those of the known bis (phytanyl)glycerol diether and bis-(diphytanyl)diglycerol tetraether. A field desorption mass spectrum revealed a molecular weight of 650 for the macrocyclic glycerol diether, 2 mass units less than that of bis-(phytanyl)glycerol diether. Degradation of the macrocyclic ether with boron tribromide resulted in diphytanyl dibromide, and further reaction of this dibromide with lithium aluminium hydride resulted in diphytane as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The significance of the predominance of this structure in M. jannaschii is discussed. A survey of selected methanogenic Archaebacteria, including three thermophiles, failed to indicate the presence of the macrocyclic glycerol diether in any other microorganism, including two species of order Methanococcales, one species of Methanobacteriales, and three strains belonging to the order Methanomicrobiales. PMID- 6549010 TI - Treatment of autochthonous rat colonic adenocarcinomas with a thioether lysophospholipid derivative in mono- and combination chemotherapy. AB - In 361 Sprague-Dawley rats autochthonous colorectal carcinomas were induced by intrarectal application of the carcinogen AMMN. Tumor-bearing animals were treated with a synthetic thioether-lysophospholipid (TLP) derivative and in combination chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and carmustine (BCNU). There was no difference in the survival time of treated and untreated animals. The median large-bowel tumor weight was significantly lower in the TLP/5-FU and TLP/5 FU/BCNU combination therapy groups than in the control groups. Transient hepatotoxicity was observed in the high-dosage (50 mg/kg body weight twice weekly) TLP group. This study confirmed the relative resistance of AMMN-induced colorectal carcinomas to antineoplastic treatment. PMID- 6549011 TI - Detection of phosmethylan and its major metabolites by thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6549012 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic separation of serum erythrotropin and erythropoietin. PMID- 6549013 TI - Stone formation by Ureaplasma urealyticum in human urine and its prevention by urease inhibitors. AB - When Ureaplasma urealyticum T-960 was inoculated into normal human urine (10(8) viable cells per ml of urine), a white precipitate formed, with an increase in pH of the infected urine. This precipitate was identified as a mixture of struvite and whitelockite by analysis of the infrared spectrum. Its formation was completely prevented by the addition of 10 microM N-benzoylphosphotriamide, 20 microM N-isopentenoylphosphotriamide, or 0.5 mM caprylohydroxamic acid without the alkalinization of the urine, and the Ureaplasma color change units were also decreased markedly by these compounds. The apparent concentrations for 50% inhibition by N-benzoylphosphotriamide,N-isopentenolyphosphotriamide, and caprylohydroxamic acid against Ureaplasma urease were 7 nM, 2 nM, and 2.2 microM, respectively. From these results, it seems that stone formation by U. urealyticum is prevented with these compounds, that prevention being directly attributable to the inhibition of urease activity, which causes the death of the cells. PMID- 6549014 TI - Free 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels in serum from normal subjects, pregnant subjects, and subjects with liver disease. AB - We measured the free concentration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) using centrifugal ultrafiltration, and the level of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) in 24 normal subjects, 17 pregnant subjects, and 25 alcoholic subjects with liver disease. Our objective was to determine whether the increase in total 1,25(OH)2D levels in pregnant women and the reduction in total 1,25(OH)2D levels in subjects with liver disease reflected a true difference in free 1,25(OH)2D levels or whether such differences were due solely to the variations in DBP levels (and thus, the amount of 1,25[OH]2D bound) in these groups. In subjects with liver disease the mean total 1,25(OH)2D concentration (22.6 +/- 12.5 pg/ml) and the mean DBP concentration (188 +/- 105 micrograms/dl) were nearly half the normal values (41.5 +/- 11.5 pg/ml and 404 +/- 124 micrograms/dl, respectively, P less than 0.001), whereas the mean free 1,25(OH)2D level was similar to normal values (209 +/- 91 fg/ml and 174 +/- 46 fg/ml, respectively). In contrast, in pregnant subjects the mean total 1,25(OH)2D level (82 +/- 21 pg/ml) and mean DBP level (576 +/- 128 micrograms/dl) were significantly higher than normal (P less than 0.001). Although the mean percent free 1,25(OH)2D level in pregnant subjects was below normal (0.359 +/- 0.07% vs. 0.424 +/- 0.07%, P less than 0.001), the mean free 1,25(OH)2D level was 69% higher than normal (294 +/- 98 fg/ml vs. 174 +/- 46 fg/ml, P less than 0.001). When data from all three groups were combined, there was a linear correlation between total 1,25(OH)2D and DBP levels but not between DBP and percent free 1,25(OH)2D levels; the increased DBP levels in the pregnant subjects were associated with less of an effect on percent free 1,25(OH)2D than were the reduced DBP levels in the subjects with liver disease. Our data suggest that (a) free 1,25(OH)2D levels appear to be well maintained even in subjects with liver disease and reduced DBP levels, (b) free 1,25(OH)2D levels are increased during pregnancy despite the increase in DBP levels, and (c) free 1,25(OH)2D levels cannot be inferred accurately from measurements of total 1,25(OH)2D and DBP levels alone in subjects with various physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions. PMID- 6549015 TI - Detection of protein C activation in humans. AB - We have developed a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the dodecapeptide that is liberated from protein C when this zymogen is activated by thrombin bound to thrombomodulin present on the vascular endothelium. The protein C activation peptide (PCP) was synthesized using the solid-phase method of Merrifield. Antisera were raised in rabbits to the synthetic analogue coupled to bovine serum albumin with glutaraldehyde. The antibody population obtained was used together with a 125I-labeled tyrosinated ligand and various concentrations of unlabeled PCP to construct a double antibody RIA capable of measuring as little as 10 pM of this component. We have established that the synthetic dodecapeptide has the same immunoreactivity as the native peptide and that the reactivity of protein C is less than 1/2,000 that of PCP on a molar basis. The extremely low levels of peptide in normal individuals as well as the nonspecific contributions of plasma constituents to the immunoreactive signal, necessitated the development of a procedure by which the PCP could be reproducibly extracted from plasma and concentrated approximately 20-fold. This methodology permitted us to demonstrate that the plasma PCP levels in 17 normal donors averaged 6.47 pM, and that elevations up to 180 pM were observed in individuals with evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The validity of these measurements of protein C activation is supported by the fact that, in both of these situations, the RIA signal migrates on reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography in a manner identical to that of the native dodecapeptide. We have also noted that the mean PCP concentration in seven patients fully anticoagulated with warfarin averaged 2.61 pM. Our studies also show that PCP is cleared from the plasma of primates with a t1/2 of approximately 5 min. Given that the t1/2 of activated protein C is estimated to be 10-15 min, the latter enzyme appears to exert its effects on the activated cofactors of the coagulation system at concentrations considerably less than 1.0 nM. PMID- 6549016 TI - Marked suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism by intravenous administration of 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol in uremic patients. AB - Current evidence suggests that administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 to patients with chronic renal insufficiency results in suppression of secondary hyperparathyroidism only if hypercalcemia occurs. However, since the parathyroid glands possess specific receptors for 1,25(OH)2D3 and a calcium binding protein, there is considerable interest in a possible direct effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 on parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion independent of changes in serum calcium. Recent findings indicate substantial degradation of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the intestine, therefore, it is possible that while oral administration of the vitamin D metabolite increases intestinal calcium absorption, the delivery of 1,25(OH)2D3 to peripheral target organs may be limited. We therefore compared the effects of orally or intravenously administered 1,25(OH)2D3 on the plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 and the effects of these two modes of treatment on PTH secretion. Whereas oral administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 in doses adequate to maintain serum calcium at the upper limits of normal did not alter PTH levels, a marked suppression (70.1 +/- 3.2%) of PTH levels was seen in all 20 patients given intravenous 1,25(OH)2D3. Temporal studies suggested a 20.1 +/- 5.2% decrease in PTH without a significant change in serum calcium with intravenous 1,25(OH)2D3. In five patients the serum calcium was increased by the oral administration of calcium carbonate, the decrement in serum i-PTH was only 25 +/- 6.65% when compared with 73.5 +/- 5.08% (P less than 0.001) obtained by the administration of intravenous 1,25(OH)2D3. Thus, a similar serum calcium achieved by intravenous 1,25(OH)2D3 rather than calcium carbonate has a greater suppressive effect in the release of PTH. These studies indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 administered intravenously rather than orally may result in a greater delivery of the vitamin D metabolite to peripheral target tissues other than the intestine and allow a greater expression of biological effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in peripheral tissues. The use of intravenous 1,25(OH)2D3 thus provides a simple and extremely effective way to suppress secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients. PMID- 6549017 TI - L-carnitine therapy in isovaleric acidemia. AB - Isovaleric acidemia, resulting from isovaleryl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency, is associated with marked reduction of free carnitine in both plasma and urine. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, hydrolysis, and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry have unequivocally identified the existence of isovalerylcarnitine, a new metabolite specific for this disorder. Administration of equimolar amounts of glycine or L-carnitine separately with leucine demonstrated that isovaleryl-coenzyme A is removed by supplemental L-carnitine in the form of isovalerylcarnitine as effectively as it is by glycine, in the form of isovalerylglycine. When L-carnitine is given alone, excretion of isovalerylglycine decreases in preference to enhanced excretion of isovalerylcarnitine and hippurate. Treatment with L-carnitine alone has proven effective in preventing further hospitalizations in a patient with this genetic disorder. PMID- 6549018 TI - Control of connective tissue metabolism by lasers: recent developments and future prospects. AB - Various laser modalities are currently in extensive use in dermatology and plastic surgery, particularly for treatment of vascular and pigmented lesions. A relatively new area of laser utilization involves the possible biologic effects of the lasers. In this overview, we are summarizing our recent studies, which indicate that lasers at specific wavelengths and energy densities modulate the connective tissue metabolism by skin fibroblasts both in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, the neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser was shown to selectively suppress collagen production both in fibroblast cultures and in normal skin in vivo, thus suggesting that this laser modality may be useful for the treatment of fibrotic conditions such as keloids and hypertrophic scars. Furthermore, two low-energy lasers, helium-neon (He-Ne) and gallium-arsenide (Ga As), were shown to stimulate collagen production in human skin fibroblast cultures, suggesting that these lasers could be used for enhancement of wound healing processes. These experimental approaches illustrate the future possibilities for applying lasers for the modulation of various biologic functions of cells in tissues and attest to the potential role of lasers in the treatment of cutaneous disorders. PMID- 6549020 TI - XIII biennial conference of the Indian Association of Leprologists held at Bombay from November 18 to 21, 1983. Abstracts and symposia. PMID- 6549019 TI - Lectin-mediated binding of liposome-inserted membrane proteins to red blood cells. A method to detect binding of antibodies to purified rat histocompatibility antigen or binding of insulin to the insulin receptor. AB - Partially purified membrane proteins such as the rat RT-1 histocompatibility antigen or the insulin receptor of porcine liver were inserted into liposomes. These liposomes then bound efficiently to Con A-coated red blood cells. After attachment of the liposomes to the cells, cell-liposome conjugates could be separated from free liposomes by centrifugation. Binding of FITC-labeled specific antibodies or insulin to membrane proteins inserted into the liposomes could then be analyzed with a cell flow cytofluorometer. The amount of RT-1 antigen that became associated with the cells depended on the composition and concentration of phospholipids during liposome formation. No association of RT-1 antigen to the cells was obtained in the presence of 50 mM alpha-methyl mannoside. The technique allows detection of micrograms amounts of the histocompatibility antigen associated with the red blood cells. It was possible to detect binding of insulin to cells to which approximately 9 ng (3 X 10(-14) mol) insulin receptor/10(6) cells had been attached. This amount of membrane protein was close to the detection limit of the method. PMID- 6549021 TI - Effect of microsurgical ampullary segmental reversal on fertilization in the rabbit. AB - Microsurgical reversal of a 1-2cm segment of mid ampulla was performed in rabbits. The fertility rate and location of ova were determined at 24 and 48 hours post coitum (hr p.c.). Oviducts in which a similar segment of mid ampulla was double-transected without reversal served as surgical controls. Contralateral oviducts in all animals served as unoperated controls. All ova and embryos recovered from oviducts with a reversed segment of mid ampulla had not been transported beyond the reversed segment at 24 or 48hr p.c. In contrast, all ova recovered from unoperated oviducts at 24 and 48hr p.c. and from double-transected oviducts at 48hr p.c. had undergone normal transport. We conclude that the ampullary isthmic junction and proximal ampulla are not unique, obligate sites for fertilization, that tubal ciliary activity is a minor determinant of sperm transport through the ampulla and that reversal of a 1-2cm segment of mid ampulla in the rabbit is consistent with normal sperm transport and fertilization. In contrast, ciliary activity prevents passage of ova or embryos past the reversed segment into the proximal oviduct. PMID- 6549022 TI - [Nephritogenic glycoprotein isolated from human placenta--purification and isolation by sonication]. AB - Previously, we reported that we succeeded in isolating from human placenta a substance comparable to human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from glomerular basement membrane (GBM). This time we purified a sample isolated from human placental trophoblast basement membrane (TrBM) with the methods for purifying renal nephritogenic glycoprotein and clarified its chemical composition. To purify the sample prepared from human placental TrBM, we fractionated the sample by Zone Electrophoresis, Concanavalin A(Con A) affinity column chromatography and Bio Gel P200 column chromatography. As the active fraction of the sample purified from human placental TrBM bound specifically with Con A, it proved to be a glycoprotein. The monosaccharide composition of this glycoprotein was rich in glucose (glucose, galactose and mannose were in the ratio of 1.00:0.30:0.33) and the amino acid composition of this glycoprotein contained no collagenous components. Ouchterlony gel diffusion demonstrated the existence of a common precipitin line between antiserum to human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from GBM and human renal nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from GBM, purified human placental glycoprotein, the sample prepared from human placental TrBM by sonication and nephritogenic glycoprotein prepared from urine of S.L.E. patient. PMID- 6549023 TI - [Mode of recurrence and prognosis on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of Waldeyer's ring]. PMID- 6549025 TI - A comparison of LISP and MUMPS as implementation languages for knowledge-based systems. AB - Major components of knowledge-based systems are summarized, along with the programming language features generally useful in their implementation. LISP and MUMPS are briefly described and compared as vehicles for building knowledge-based systems. The paper concludes with suggestions for extensions to MUMPS that might increase its usefulness in artificial intelligence applications without affecting the essential nature of the language. PMID- 6549026 TI - Nummularogenin, a new spirostane from Zizyphus nummularia. AB - From the C6H6 extract of the whole plant of Zizyphus nummularia, a new (25 S) spirostane was isolated and characterized as nummularogenin, (25 S)-3 alpha hydroxy-5 alpha-spirostane-2, 12-dione. PMID- 6549024 TI - Expert systems as aids for interpretive reporting. AB - Interpretive reporting is an established part of the function of many clinical laboratories. Of the three types of information included in these reports, expert system technology is being demonstrated as useful in producing interpretive comments. The ability of expert systems to explain their reasoning and to be easily updated make them superior to prior attempts to computerize this type of interpretation using traditional computer languages. In the future, the broader application of these systems in realistic clinical environments should be expected given recent commercial success in embedding such programs in laboratory instruments. PMID- 6549028 TI - A comprehensive, computerized guide for gram-positive rod identification. PMID- 6549027 TI - Evaluation of endocrine ophthalmopathy with saccadic eye movements. AB - Horizontal saccades were examined in 25 patients with hyperthyroidism and/or endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) using the infrared reflection method. With one exception none had restriction of horizontal eye movements. Conventional saccadic parameters were usually normal. A standardized test for muscle fatigue, however, gave pathological results in all but one of the patients with EOP, and also in three of seven patients with hyperthyroidism but no clinical EOP. In one of the latter the oculographic abnormality disappeared with treatment, while another developed clinical EOP. Performing a saccadic fatigue test seems to be useful for detecting early EOP and especially for monitoring its course. PMID- 6549029 TI - [Preparation of the disulfide of 3-mercaptopyridine-2-sulfonamide]. PMID- 6549030 TI - [Effects of pneumogastric nerve stimulation and injection of a beta 2 stimulant (terbutaline) on the lipid composition of the alveolar lining fluid and on pulmonary compliance in the rat]. AB - The effects of vagal stimulation and of terbutaline injection on lipidic composition of alveolar fluid and pulmonary compliance were studied. Three groups of rats were used: control, after right vagus nerve stimulation, after 0.2 mg terbutaline injection. The lungs of the rats were isolated. We studied pulmonary pressure-volume curves with air and we measured pulmonary compliance. We realised an alveolar lavage to obtain alveolar lipids. We observed: Vagus nerve stimulation and beta 2 agonist significantly increased fatty acids of total lipids respectively by 52.5% and 25.5% and phospholipids, respectively by 43.6% and 25.7%. beta 2 agonist did not change fatty acid composition of total lipids and phospholipids. Right vagus nerve stimulation increased the percentage of palmitic acid in phospholipids and decreased the percentage of saturated fatty acids and of palmitic acid in total lipids. Terbutaline injection induced more significant changes in pressure-volume curves and in pulmonary compliance than right vagus nerve stimulation. Our results suggest that both vagal stimulation and beta 2 agonists increase lipid release in alveolar lining, but only vagal stimulation modifies the composition of these lipids. These modifications could be, at least in part, correlated with the changes observed in the pressure-volume curves. PMID- 6549031 TI - [Clinical study on therapeutic plasmapheresis--mechanism of its efficacy, indications, and the clinical application. j. Endocrine diseases]. PMID- 6549032 TI - [Alterations of lectin affinity of serum alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in malignant diseases]. PMID- 6549033 TI - [Measurement of prostaglandins in human bile juice]. PMID- 6549034 TI - Predisposition to autoimmune thyroiditis in ring chromosome 18 syndrome. PMID- 6549035 TI - [Current possibilities in the treatment of retrolental fibroplasia]. PMID- 6549037 TI - [Corvaton in the ambulatory treatment of patients with angina pectoris]. PMID- 6549036 TI - [Diagnostic procedure in suspected functional disorders of the thyroid gland]. AB - In an attempt to derive diagnostic concepts for thyroid diseases we present pathophysiological models for the prevalent thyroid disorders. 'Euthyroid goiter' is a disease mainly caused by iodine deficiency but an additional immunopathogenesis was recently proposed. The 'immunthyropathy' is the thyroid disease with orbitopathy and other extraglandular immunological manifestations. A complete model of the immunological phenomena which begin with a tolerance defect is given, and both the T-cell, and B-cell-mediated pathways are detailed. The complex interaction of immunoglobulins at the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and their dependency on human leukocyte antigen loci are presented. The peripheral metabolism depends ultimately upon a prevalence of thyroid gland stimulation (thyrotoxicosis) or glandular destruction (hypothyroidism) and this is true for overt thyroid disease under antithyroid drug therapy or any other therapy. Euthyroidism during 'immunethyropathy' is presented as an equilibrium between thyroid stimulation and destruction. This concept allows an exact description of the thyroid disease and the resulting clinical situation provided that established laboratory tests are used as suggested by the model. 'Disseminated thyroid autonomy and autononous thyroid adenoma' develops during goitrous thyroid disease as a consequence of uncoupling of thyroid cellular growth stimulation, iodine utilization, and thyroid hormone synthesis. The polyclonal origin seems more frequent than monoclonal foci. The size of autononous tissue and individual iodine supply determines the endocrine function in this disease. The TRH test monitors with great sensitivity subtle increases in T4 or T3 production and indicates critical clinical situations earlier than the scintiscan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6549038 TI - [5 years' results of a CMF protocol (methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, fluorouracil) of adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancers]. PMID- 6549039 TI - Neuropeptide Y: stimulation of feeding and drinking by injection into the paraventricular nucleus. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a peptide contained within numerous presynaptic terminals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), was injected directly into the PVN of satiated, brain-cannulated rats, and food and water intake were measured 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hrs postinjection. Neuropeptide Y (24 and 78 pmoles/0.3 microliter isotonic saline) caused a dose-dependent increase in food intake, as well as a small, dose-dependent increase in water intake. This effect on feeding occurred even when food was not presented until 4 hrs postinjection. To determine the behavioral specificity of this effect, the impact of PVN injection of NPY (78 pmoles) on various behaviors was observed. With food available, only feeding and drinking behavior were affected. No change in other behaviors, including grooming, rearing, sleeping, resting or different levels of activity, was observed. With food absent, NPY still elicited drinking, suggesting that this is a primary effect, rather than secondary to the feeding. In addition to drinking, NPY reliably increased activity while decreasing sleep and grooming. These results suggest an important role for hypothalamic NPY, or a structurally-related peptide, in the regulation of feeding and drinking behavior. PMID- 6549040 TI - Neuropeptide Y in the human male genital tract. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) was found in high concentrations in the male genital tract. NPY levels were highest in the seminal vesicles, prostate, corpus cavernosum and vas deferens, where large numbers of immunoreactive nerve fibres were detected. Considerable quantities were also found in the epididymis and spongiosum. Lower concentrations were found in the glans penis, testis and foreskin. The presence of a large number of nerves containing NPY suggest that this active neuropeptide may play a role in control of genital function. PMID- 6549042 TI - Long-term ventilatory support in an infant with broncho-pulmonary dysplasia--a case report. PMID- 6549041 TI - Isolation and sequencing of a cDNA clone for a human HLA-ABC antigen. AB - A cDNA clone, pHLA-A, containing sequences specific for a human class I HLA antigen heavy chain, was isolated from a bank of clones made from partially purified HLA-ABC heavy chain mRNA from the human lymphoblastoid cell line Bristol 8 (HLA-A1, A2, B8, B16). The clone corresponded to sequence for the -COOH terminal 117 amino acids of an HLA-ABC alpha-chain. It differed in at least 15 positions from the published HLA-B7 amino acid sequence but in only two residues when compared to the partial HLA-A2 protein sequence, and was identical to the HLA-A3 protein sequence derived from the nucleotide sequence of the gene. It also differed from some published human HLA-ABC sequences by the addition of three extra -COOH-terminal amino acids: cysteine-lysine-valine. The clone may correspond to either the HLA-A1 allele, for which independent sequence information is not available, or to HLA-A2, in which case there are possible explanations for the discrepancies. Comparison of the pHLA-A sequence with genomic HLA sequences suggests variations in splicing at the end of the protein coding region in some HLA-ABC heavy chain genes, and the use of alternative poly(A) addition sites. PMID- 6549043 TI - A microcomputer program to predict sunburn exposure. AB - A simple microcomputer program written in BASIC calculates the time that can be spent in the sun without risk of sunburn. Seven data are requested by the computer: (1) the month, (2) the weather conditions, (3) the subject's complexion, (4) the subject's activity outdoors, (5) the sun protection factor if a sunscreen is used, (6) the latitude on the Earth's surface, and (7) the time of day at which sun exposure begins. The calculated "safe exposure time" is an estimate for the time to give a minimal erythema dose--a just visible sunburn. PMID- 6549044 TI - Tissue-specific expression of major urinary protein (MUP) genes in mice: characterization of MUP mRNAs by restriction mapping of cDNA and by in vitro translation. AB - The major urinary proteins (MUPs) in mice are coded for by a gene family which consists of ca. 30 members. The number of MUP genes that are expressed is not known. Previous studies have shown that MUP mRNAs are present in several secretory tissues in addition to the liver, in which they were originally identified. In this paper we show, through restriction analysis of MUP cDNAs, that distinct sets of MUP mRNAs are synthesized in each of the tissues studied and that these mRNAs are most likely coded for by different genes. As is shown, MUP mRNAs of different tissues are related to an extent that precludes the use of gene-specific probes in differentiating among them. The regions of homology also include the 3' untranslated regions of MUP mRNAs. The question of differential expression was thus investigated by searching for restriction polymorphisms in MUP mRNAs. We demonstrate that subtle differences in the sequences of even scarce mRNAs can be recognized by this particular approach. In addition, it is shown that MUP mRNAs of different tissues code for different, nonoverlapping sets of polypeptides, as determined by gel electrophoresis of in vitro-translated precursors to MUPs. The relevance of these results to models of evolution of tissue-specific regulation in a multigene family is discussed. PMID- 6549045 TI - Cloning and expression of a cDNA that comprises part of the gene coding for a spore coat protein of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The three major spore coat proteins of Dictyostelium discoideum are developmentally regulated, cell-type-specific proteins. They are packaged in prespore vesicles and then secreted to form the outer layer of spore coats. We have isolated a cDNA clone from the gene coding for one of these proteins, SP96, a glycoprotein of 96,000 daltons. We screened the cDNA bank by the method of hybrid select translation followed by immunoprecipitation of the translation products with SP96-specific polyclonal antiserum. We found that the gene was first transcribed into stable mRNA a few hours before the time of detection of SP96 synthesis and that the mRNA, like the protein, accumulated specifically in prespore cells and spores. SP96 constituted the same proportion of newly synthesized protein as the proportion of its message in polyadenylated RNA. SP96 appeared to be encoded by a single gene as judged by Southern blot analysis of digested genomic DNA hybridized to the cDNA clone. PMID- 6549046 TI - Human thymidine kinase gene: molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA expressible in mammalian cells. AB - A cDNA containing the entire coding region of the human thymidine kinase gene has been molecularly cloned. The cDNA is under the control of a simian virus 40 promoter and is expressible in mammalian cells. The complete nucleotide sequence of the human thymidine kinase cDNA has been determined. The cDNA is 1,421 base pairs in length and has a large open reading frame of 702 base pairs capable of specifying a protein with a molecular weight of 25,504. Genomic Southern blotting experiments show that sequences homologous to the human thymidine kinase cDNA are conserved among many vertebrates, including prosimians (lemur), tree shrews, rats, mice, and chickens. Direct comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the human thymidine kinase cDNA and the chicken thymidine kinase gene reveals ca. 70% overall homology. This homology is extended further at the amino acid sequence level, with greater than 74% amino acid residues matched between the human and chicken thymidine kinase proteins. PMID- 6549048 TI - Microcomputer programs for mutation studies using the Fisher exact test or the binomial approximation. PMID- 6549047 TI - Expression of the amplified domain in human neuroblastoma cells. AB - Screening of a partial cDNA library prepared from the human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)-C with genomic DNA probes containing sequences representative of the amplified domain of that cell line allowed us to identify cloned transcripts from an active gene within the domain. The gene BE(2)-C-59 is amplified ca. 150-fold and encodes a 3.0- and a 1.5-kilobase RNA transcript, both of which are overproduced in BE(2)-C cells. A survey of a large variety of human tumor cell types indicated that this gene is amplified to varying degrees in all neuroblastoma cell lines and a retinoblastoma cell line that exhibit obvious cytological manifestations of DNA sequence amplification, i.e., homogeneously staining regions and double-minute chromosomes. The BE(2)-C-59 gene is not amplified, however, in other nonrelated tumor types, even those containing amplified DNA. Although the functional significance of this specific gene amplification in neuroblastoma cells remains unknown, an indication that it may relate to the malignant phenotype of these cells follows from the remainder of our data which show that the amplified BE(2)-C-59 gene shares partial homology with both the second and third exons, but not the first exon, of the human c-myc oncogene. PMID- 6549049 TI - Characterization of a steroid hormone receptor gene and mRNA in wild-type and mutant cells. AB - The effects of steroid hormones are mediated by intracellular hormone-specific receptor proteins; the interaction between the hormone and its receptor increases the affinity of the receptor for nuclear binding sites, thereby modulating the expression of specific genes. The glucocorticoid receptor is a soluble protein of relative molecular mass (Mr) 94,000 (94K), present at a low relative abundance (less than or equal to 0.01%); it has been purified to near-homogeneity, and specific antisera and monoclonal antibodies have been produced. Purified glucocorticoid receptor binds in vitro with high affinity to defined regions of DNA near regulated promoters, and sequences essential for these interactions are functional in vivo as hormone-dependent transcriptional enhancer elements. We have now cloned complementary DNA (cDNA) for the rat liver glucocorticoid receptor and we describe here a 2.6-kilobase (kb) receptor cDNA isolated following polysome immuno-enrichment of receptor messenger RNA with glucocorticoid receptor-specific antibodies. The receptor appears to be encoded by a single-copy gene which specifies a approximately 6-kb transcript in rat and mouse cells; this mRNA is altered quantitatively and qualitatively in several mutant cell lines with specific defects in receptor function. PMID- 6549050 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of the nipecotic acid ester, (+/-)-m-nitrophenyl-3 piperidinecarboxylate. AB - The nipecotic acid ester, (+/-)-m-nitrophenyl-3-piperidinecarboxylate hydrochloride (MNPC) is a potent inhibitor of uptake of GABA in vitro and should be able to penetrate into the brain much more readily than the parent compound nipecotic acid. A study of the effects of MNPC on convulsions induced by chemicals which interfere with GABA-mediated neurotransmission was carried out in the mouse, with MNPC being administered by subcutaneous injection 30, 60 or 90 min prior to challenge with bicuculline. It was found that MNPC protected against convulsions induced by bicuculline with ED50 values for clonic and tonic convulsions of 157.8 and 138.8 mg/kg, respectively, at the time of peak effect of 60 min and MNPC abolished both the clonic and tonic components of isoniazid convulsions with respective ED50 values of 255.3 and 76.7 mg/kg at 1 hr. Picrotoxin and pentylenetrazol-induced seizures were also blocked with corresponding ED50 values for clonic convulsions of 224.9 and 235.9 mg/kg at 1 hr. No serious side effects were observed during the 90 min period after the administration of MNPC in doses up to 600 mg/kg. PMID- 6549051 TI - Use of intraventricular and intrathecal morphine in intractable pain associated with cancer. AB - The use of the intraventricular or subarachnoid administration of morphine in the treatment of intractable pain secondary to cancer is described. The drug, in doses ranging from 0.33 to 4.00 mg, was administered by the percutaneous injection of an Ommaya reservoir or by a spinal tap. The duration of analgesia ranged from 36 to 150 hours. The indications for and side effects of this type of therapy are considered. PMID- 6549052 TI - A model for the electrostimulation of the nervus acusticus. AB - Electrostimulation of the nervus acusticus has been successfully used to achieve speech understanding. A model of nerve excitation due to Fitzhugh [(1961) Biophys. J. 1, 445-446] has been explored to show that the stochastic response of single acoustic mammalian fibers observed by Rose, Brugge, Anderson and Hind [(1967) J. Neurophysiol. 30, 769-793] may be due to the non-linear interaction of sub-threshold electrical nerve activity with the signal. Computations by means of an analogue computer also shows that a phase-locked response with a frequency dependence resembling behaviour observed with electrostimulation is obtained with the model. A dynamic range for single fiber excitation is produced by the non linear interaction. PMID- 6549053 TI - Liposome-entrapped [125I]anti-tetanus immunoglobulin G: evidence for entry into spinal cord neurons of the rat. AB - Intrathecally administered free anti-tetanus immunoglobulin G (IgG) diffuses through the spinal cord but does not enter nerve cells. In order to facilitate entry into neurons, 125I-labeled anti-tetanus IgG was entrapped in liposomes. After injection into the cerebrospinal fluid of rats, however, only a very low specific radioactivity of the spinal cord could be calculated from gross counts and no neuronal labeling was seen in autoradiographs. Therefore, it was assumed that the liposomes were unable to cross the basement membrane of the spinal cord surface. To circumvent this barrier the liposome-entrapped [125I]IgGs were injected directly into the grey matter. Histoautoradiographs then showed marked accumulations of radioactivity in neurons. Direct intraspinal injection of free [125I]IgG, on the other hand, failed to produce heavy neuronal labeling. PMID- 6549054 TI - Delta sleep-inducing peptide-like material in rat brain as determined by enzyme immunoassay: effect of sleep deprivation. AB - The regional distribution of immunoreactive delta sleep-inducing peptide (IR DSIP) and the effect of 24-h sleep deprivation on the IR-DSIP content was investigated in the rat brain by means of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) of the assayable IR-DSIP in the rat brain coeluted with authentic DSIP in the gel filtration. It is thus suggested that the present EIA method preferentially detects fee DSIP and not bound DSIP. IR-DSIP proved to be more concentrated in the limbic structures, although the contents were generally at a low level. Sleep deprivation and subsequent rebound sleep had no significant effect on the brain contents of 'free-form' DSIP. PMID- 6549055 TI - Electron microscopic study of intrastromal hydrogel implants in primates. AB - Three corneas with intrastromal hydrogel implants (surfilcon A) were removed from Green monkey eyes by penetrating keratoplasty and examined by light microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy, in order to assess the tolerance of the primate cornea for this type of synthetic plastic. Placement of these implants in the posterior cornea appears to increase the amount of protrusion into the anterior chamber, which can also be seen clinically on slit lamp biomicroscopy. Some physiological stress to the cornea was indicated by abnormalities above and below the implant, including thinned epithelium, irregular cell shapes, and vacuolations. It appears that a basement-membrane-like material is produced by keratocytes adjacent to the implant-stroma interface, and that this material fills the spaces and provides some physical continuity between the plastic and the corneal tissue. No inflammatory reaction was seen around the implants, but further long-term studies are necessary to ensure compatibility between the cornea and the implant. PMID- 6549056 TI - Quality control of manual visual field examination by computer simulation. AB - Quality control of manual visual field examination is impaired because the process is difficult to monitor, and because examiners have minimal formal training and supervision, and are subject to rapid turnover. Computer simulation can be used both to teach perimetry and to provide a reference standard against which performance may be measured. PMID- 6549057 TI - Effects of the Nd:YAG laser on the primate retina and choroid. AB - The effects of the neodymium:YAG laser in the thermal mode on the subhuman primate retina were studied with ophthalmoscopy, intravenous fluorescein angiography, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy using a plastic injection-corrosion technique. Representative samples were examined at 24 hours, 14 days, and 28 days after treatment. The burns appeared to predominantly affect the outer half of the retina and the inner half of the choroid, although with higher energy levels the inner retinal layers were occasionally involved. In most instances Bruch's membrane was disrupted. The injured choriocapillaris underwent a reparative process during a four-week period in which the discrete lesions observed at 24 hours had disappeared. PMID- 6549058 TI - [The postenteritis syndrome]. PMID- 6549059 TI - [Effect of exogenous cholinesterase on the pulmonary surfactant system after massive blood loss]. PMID- 6549060 TI - [Relation between the immunologic reactivity of infants and their manner of feeding]. PMID- 6549061 TI - Psychology and a helpful form of medical practice. AB - The present article is provided to acquaint psychologists with the view of osteopathic medicine as proposed in the Educational Goals of Osteopathic Medicine published by Irvin M. Korr and his group at the Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine at Fort Worth, Texas. The present article is meant to suggest a connection between the over-all objectives of the advanced form of medicine and the practice of clinical psychology by listing them. Aims are in essence similar. PMID- 6549062 TI - Preliminary study on the absorption profile after rectal and oral administration of methadone in human volunteers. AB - Methadone is a potent, long acting narcotic analgesic which can be orally administered due to its almost complete bioavailability. There is a growing interest in the rectal route of administration in the case of acute post operative or chronic malignant pain. Since virtually no data were available on the rectal absorption profile of methadone in man, plasma concentrations of methadone were determined by means of HPLC analysis after a single dose of 10 mg methadone HCl in a cross-over pilot study in five volunteers. The rectal dosage forms included aqueous solutions and fatty suppositories. A comparison was made with an orally administered solution. Compared with oral dosing, the extent of rectal absorption from an aqueous solution was almost 80% up to 8 h after dosing. Although the mean peak concentration and the AUC0-8h was significantly lower (p less than 0.01), no marked difference in tmax was observed: 2.8 and 3.1 h respectively. Rectal absorption conditions of methadone from fatty suppositories (3 ml) were found to be less favourable. The peak plasma concentration was only reached 3-4 h after administration, whereas the relative bioavailability up to 8 h after dosing ranged from 35-58%. This rate-limiting absorption pattern may be due to the critical solubility properties of methadone HCl at physiological pH. PMID- 6549063 TI - Identification of Xenopus laevis mRNAs with homology to repetitive sequences. AB - Hybrid selection translation experiments have been carried out with genomic and cDNA relatives of two repetitive sequence families. On the basis of the in vitro translation products detected, it was found that transcripts complementary to these repeats are linked to several different mature mRNAs in stage 40 embryos of Xenopus laevis. One repeat hybridizes to mRNAs that direct the synthesis of 17 proteins. The second is present on mRNAs coding for 3 proteins. By estimating the abundance of these proteins among the translation products of total embryonic mRNA, it is inferred that all of the repeat bearing mRNAs are rare, less than one in 20,000 mRNA molecules. PMID- 6549064 TI - Synthesis of phosphorothioate-containing DNA fragments by a modified hydroxybenzotriazole phosphotriester approach. AB - The phosphorothioylating agent which was obtained by treating 2,5-dichlorophenyl phosphorodichloridothioate with 1-hydroxy-6-nitrobenzotriazole proved to be very effective for the synthesis in solution and on a solid support of phosphorothioate-containing DNA fragments. PMID- 6549065 TI - Synthesis and reactions of a nucleoside derivative of phosphoric sulfonic anhydride. Studies related to the mechanisms of coupling reactions in the chemical synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides by phosphotriester procedures. AB - The synthesis of a model compound, diphenylphosphoric toluene-p-sulfonic anhydride, an arylsubstituted phosphoric sulfonic mixed anhydride, is described. Using the same procedure a thymidyl substituted derivative was prepared. The phosphoric sulfonic anhydride is the presumed intermediate in oligonucleotide coupling reactions involving phosphodiester activation by arenesulfonyl derivatives. This mixed anhydride reacts with a variety of nucleophiles. It can be converted to phophotriester derivatives in the presence of simple alcohols. Phosphotriester formation using the 5'-hydroxyl of a thymidine derivative requires additionally a catalyst such as N-methylimidazole. The reactive intermediate produced upon the addition of N-methylimidazole to the phosphoric sulfonic anhydride has been observed spectroscopically using 31P-NMR. PMID- 6549066 TI - Role of calcium in the initiation of hormonal effects on bone. PMID- 6549067 TI - The role of calmodulin in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D regulation of calcium transport across the intestinal brush border membrane. PMID- 6549068 TI - Simultaneous induction of CaBP and active calcium transport in rat duodenum by 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. PMID- 6549069 TI - Vitamin D influences multiple phases of the intestinal calcium transport system. PMID- 6549070 TI - Role of the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-regulated component of calcium absorption in calcium homeostasis. PMID- 6549071 TI - DSIP occurs in free form in mammalian plasma, human CSF and urine. AB - Although delta-sleep inducing peptide was isolated and characterized several years ago, no definitive evidence has been presented for the natural existence of the free peptide. Several attempts at the partial characterization of DSIP-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) have indicated that a small part of the total immunoreactivity is probably present as the free nonapeptide. Using gel chromatography (Sephadex G-100) and subsequent high performance liquid chromatography on rabbit, human, rat and dog plasma, we now show a distinct peak of DSIP-LI that has the same elution position as synthetic DSIP. Free DSIP was also found in human CSF, whereas in human urine most of the small molecular weight DSIP-LI eluted at a position corresponding to DSIP-P, the phosphorylated analog of DSIP. A newly developed antibody recognizing primarily small molecular weight DSIP-LI was used in a modified, rapid assay to facilitate demonstration of the natural occurrence of free DSIP. PMID- 6549073 TI - A general approach to the location of radiopaque objects, with applications in radiotherapy. PMID- 6549072 TI - A computer model of the random binary sequential division of megakaryocyte cytoplasm to produce platelets. AB - A computer program is constructed which models the production of platelet volumes from megakaryocyte cytoplasmic volumes by random binary sequential division. The volume distributions that are produced are compared with measured platelet volume distributions in rat, rabbit and man. These platelet volume distributions depend on the fragmentation pattern and the dispersion about the mean of the Gaussian distribution of binary divisions. The results of changing one of these parameters, while keeping the other fixed, are also presented. PMID- 6549074 TI - DSIP-like material in brain parts of rats running a complex maze. AB - Delta sleep-inducing peptide-like immunoreactivity (DSIP-LI) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in individual brain areas of rats running a 12-choice maze. One of the areas found to contain a high level of DSIP-LI was the thalamus, where a distinct peak of immunoreactivity eluted at the position of the synthetic DSIP nonapeptide after high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On each of the two days of testing, DSIP-LI in the thalamus correlated significantly with running times in the maze. The results suggest an association of behavior with the levels of peptide in a region of the brain. PMID- 6549075 TI - Gastrointestinal lymphoma with total involvement of the gut--report of one case. AB - One case with the roentgenologic demonstration of total primary gastrointestinal lymphoma is presented, to the author's belief as the first in the radiologic literature. Special attention is also paid to the manifestations in the esophagus and the stomach. PMID- 6549076 TI - Sperm transport in the cow: peri-ovulatory redistribution of viable cells within the oviduct. AB - Using a surgical approach involving double ligatures and transection, together with subsequent recovery of the eggs, heifers mated at the onset of oestrus have been examined for progression of spermatozoa within the oviducts relative to the time of ovulation; the latter occurred 28-31 hours after the onset of oestrus. Evidence was obtained that spermatozoa competent to penetrate the egg(s) do not pass directly to the site of fertilisation at the isthmic-ampullary junction but instead are largely sequestered before ovulation in the caudal region of the isthmus, possibly for 18-20 hours or more. Thus, 3 of 14 eggs (21%) were fertilised when the oviduct was transected in pre-ovulatory animals 2.0 cm proximal to the utero-tubal junction 16 or more hours after mating compared with 7 of 8 eggs (88%) with a similar post-ovulatory transection 28-36 hours after mating (P less than 0.01). A redistribution of spermatozoa appears to be associated with imminent release of the egg. The distal portion of the oviduct is therefore seen as the functional sperm reservoir--that is the immediate source of viable spermatozoa at the time of ovulation. Parallels are drawn with storage of relatively quiescent sperm cells in the distal portion of the epididymal duct, and procedures of insemination are examined in the light of this storage role of the isthmus and the reported incidence of fertilisation in cattle. PMID- 6549077 TI - Influence of nitrogen, oxygen, air and alveolar gas upon surface tension of lung surfactant. AB - Surface tension (s.t.) of lung surfactant (l.s.) was measured at 37 degrees C in a closed box, filled with completely humidified gas (mixtures) such as room air, O2, N2, or alveolar gas. The film was compressed to 20% of the original area and expanded, with cycling times of 10 to 20 sec. Switching from one gas mixture to another nearly always caused a fall of s.t., but in general only temporarily. Only a gas phase containing CO2, like alveolar gas, caused a permanent fall of s.t. and a rise after its withdrawal. This was not due to a direct influence of CO2, but rather to the induced change of hypophase pH; the reaction of s.t. at end-expansion (gamma max) decreased and that at end-compression (gamma min) disappeared with a buffered hypophase. By using buffered or unbuffered hypophases, we were able to create pH values in a wide range and relate them to s.t. and CO2 concentration. With pH 5.5, the mean values of s.t. at end compression and end-expansion were 20.2 and 51.2 mN/m, respectively. They reached the significantly higher values of 25.3 and 55.4 mN/m with pH = 8.5. With 5.6% CO2 in the atmosphere, which is comparable to alveolar gas, gamma min and gamma max had mean values of 22.9 and 52.8 mN/m, respectively. Such values correspond with a pH in the range of 6.7 to 7.1, which is supposed to be the range of pH of the pulmonary interstitium. PMID- 6549078 TI - Effects of artificial ventilation on surfactant phospholipid metabolism in rabbits. AB - Surfactant phospholipid metabolism and lung stability were studied in mechanically ventilated and in spontaneously breathing rabbits (control group). During ventilation the dynamic lung-thorax compliance decreased to 79% after 6 h. Static compliance and amount and composition of surfactant phospholipids remained unaltered. These data indicate inactivation of alveolar surfactant during ventilation, which is reversible by a single large inflation. Incorporation of injected radioactively labeled palmitate into saturated phosphatidylcholine (SPC) of the lamellar body fraction increased significantly in the ventilated group; maximal specific activity increased from 20 dpm/nmol SPC at 6 h in the control group to 30 dpm/nmol SPC at 2 h in the ventilated group. The clearance of radioactivity from the lamellar bodies into the alveolar lumen was greatly enhanced in the ventilated group. The results are explained by assuming that as a result of the inactivation of alveolar surfactant, endocytosed surfactant is degraded in the type II cells instead of being recycled and that the degradation products are subsequently reutilized in surfactant synthesis. This interpretation is supported by computer simulations. PMID- 6549079 TI - [Unrecognized malignant lymphomas simulating a primary gynecologic malignancy]. AB - The discovery of a so far unknown lymphoma in the female genital tract is rare. According to Chorlton et al., malignant lymphoma manifests itself primarily in the ovary and uterus in 0.3% and 0.12% of cases respectively. Four personally observed cases are reported with special emphasis on the clinical and histological difficulties encountered in the diagnosis of this rare clinical picture. After analysis of data in the literature, an attempt is made to define criteria, which should lead clinicians and pathologists to consider the possibility of such an event. Women of all age groups may be affected. Malignant lymphoma occurring primarily in the uterus usually mimics infiltrative carcinoma of the cervix causing vaginal discharge and post-coital bleeding. There are no specific symptoms. The presence of an undifferentiated round-cell tumor which is difficult to classify histologically and develops rapidly should suggest the possibility of malignant lymphoma. When the primary manifestation is an ovarian tumor, the lesion is bilateral in about 55% of cases. The presence of ascites is very rarely reported. In most cases these tumors are histologically misdiagnosed primarily as granulosa cell tumors, dysgerminomas or undifferentiated carcinomas. The diffuse and poorly differentiated lymphocytic type is most frequently encountered in adults. In children, granulocytic sarcoma or so-called chloroma may be found. In the presence of bilateral ovarian tumor without ascites and displaying unclear histological features in frozen sections, the possibility of malignant lymphoma should always be considered. In such cases it is advisable to process some of the tumor tissue for special subsequent morphologic and/or immunologic investigations. PMID- 6549080 TI - [The place of nuclear medicine methods in thyroid gland diagnosis]. PMID- 6549082 TI - Studies on human protein C inhibitor in normal and Factor V/VIII deficient plasmas. AB - Activated protein C is a potent anticoagulant which inactivates Factors V and VIII in plasma. Normal plasma contains an inhibitor of activated protein C. A previous report from our laboratory hypothesized that the absence of this inhibitor in plasmas from patients with combined Factor V/VIII deficiency could be the molecular basis for this disease. This report demonstrates the presence of protein C inhibitor in those Factor V/VIII deficient plasmas originally studied. Freezing and thawing significantly reduced the ability of normal and Factor V/VIII deficient plasmas to inhibit activated protein C. It is suggested that this explains the conflicting literature reports describing functional assays of protein C inhibitor in Factor V/VIII deficient plasma. This observation also emphasizes that extreme care must be used in handling and storing plasma samples that are to be assayed for protein C inhibitor. PMID- 6549081 TI - What is a profession? The ethical implications of the FTC order and some Supreme Court decisions. AB - The professions have sought to formulate and maintain their own codes of conduct and ethics, in order to safeguard relationships of trust between client and professional and uphold a commitment to care and service. Recent court decisions reviewed here have asserted the supremacy of competition in professional as well as commercial relationships, where it is up to the buyer to "beware." The implications of these decisions have posed a moral challenge. By adhering to high standards, physicians will merit the trust of the public, so that the traditional distinction between the ethics of service and the ethics of the marketplace may be preserved. PMID- 6549083 TI - [The retinopathy of prematurity]. AB - Throughout a four years period the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was determined amongst neonates considered 'at risk' for acquiring this condition. Fifty-six out of 249 neonates developed some degree of ROP. Comparison of the ROP-group with a group of 56 controls (admitted in the same period and matched for sex, birth-weight and gestational age) showed significant differences for sepsis, blood-transfusions and the period of O2-monitoring/period of O2 administration. The most consistent factor to which the development of ROP related was gestational age at the time of birth; no gestational age group however turned out to be absolutely devoid of ROP. This suggests that screening for ROP should not be restricted to 'high-risk' neonates only. PMID- 6549084 TI - Developmental toxicology of retinylidene methyl nitrone in the golden hamster. AB - A single oral dose in pregnant hamsters of 50, 75 or 100 mg/kg of all-trans retinylidene methyl nitrone, a retinoid with potential cancer chemo-preventive properties, resulted in a significant increase in the number of litters containing abnormal offspring. An elevated mean litter frequency of malformed offspring was also observed following doses of 50 mg/kg or greater of the retinoid. Doses of 12.5 mg/kg or greater were associated with a significant increase in embryonic death. Intubation of the retinoid failed to induce signs of illness in any of the pregnant hamsters and the maternal weight gain of the treated animals was not significantly different from that of dams given an equivalent volume of the vehicle. The dysmorphic syndrome induced by treatment with all-trans-retinylidene methyl nitrone during the early primitive streak stage of gestation was identical to that induced by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid. The teratogenic effects of all-trans-retinylidene methyl nitrone may be associated with biotransformation of the parent nitrone in the acidic environment of the stomach to all-trans-retinoic acid. PMID- 6549085 TI - Comparison of the predictions of one- and two-compartment microcomputer programs for long-term tobramycin therapy. AB - A retrospective study of patients receiving tobramycin compared the accuracy of predictions of actual trough serum concentrations using two commercially available microcomputer software programs. Twelve patients met the study criteria of intravenous tobramycin treatment for more than 10 days with serum concentration monitoring within the first 5 days and after 10 days of therapy. No patients received dialysis. Twenty-five serum concentrations were compared. Predictions within 0.2 microgram/ml were considered clinically "exact." No significant differences were found by chi-square analysis for any of the four possible choices (p less than 0.3). One of the programs, distributed by Dista Pharmaceuticals, offers a one-compartment model, a two-compartment model, and a two-compartment prenephrotoxic option. SIMKIN, a program marketed by Medical Engineering, Inc., uses a two-compartment model. Overall, the predictions errors were small, but occasionally were clinically significant. Further evaluation of microcomputer programs for therapeutic drug monitoring is necessary to document their impact on predicting drug efficacy and toxicity. PMID- 6549086 TI - [Calcium metabolism in systemic scleroderma. Preliminary findings]. PMID- 6549087 TI - [Allergy to cows' milk with non-seasonal rhinitis as the only symptom]. PMID- 6549088 TI - [Lymphosarcoma of the large intestine]. AB - The work is devoted to the clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of 25 patients with lymphosarcoma of the colon. Three forms of the disease (carcinoid, pseudoinflammatory and latent) were established according to clinical manifestations of the disease. The rational method of treatment is thought to be a timely radical operation in combination with the adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy. PMID- 6549089 TI - [Vitamin supply of premature infants with intracranial birth injuries fed in different ways]. AB - A total of 136 premature infants with intracranial birth trauma were studied during the first 2 months of life for vitamin B, C, A and carotinoid supply with regard to their body mass at birth and type of feeding. Premature children with different patterns of birth trauma showed low supply with thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin A in the presence of breast feeding. Combined feeding raised the supply of the children under observation with thiamine and riboflavin. The data obtained attest to the necessity of further study in this direction with the purpose of developing pathogenetically validated schemes for vitamin therapy of premature children. PMID- 6549090 TI - European erythema migrans disease and related disorders. AB - European erythema migrans disease, lymphocytoma, and acrodermatitis chronica are a group of disorders associated with the bite of ixodid ticks. These disorders are now thought to be due to a single, or closely related, ixodid tick spirochetes. European erythema migrans disease closely resembles Lyme disease. Serological evaluation may help to separate spirochetal lymphocytoma from other pseudolymphomas of nonspirochetal origin and from lymphoma. Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, so far observed mainly in Europe, is presumably a late manifestation of this group of spirochetal disorders. PMID- 6549091 TI - [Plasma exchange therapy (plasmapheresis/plasmafiltration). II. Indications and complications]. AB - On the basis of an extensive study of references as well as of own experiences the present state of the plasma exchange therapy, its success, problems and tendencies are represented. In the 1st part the essential modifications of the technique (plasmapheresis/plasma filtration), problems of anticoagulation, kind and quantity of the substitution as well as tendencies to more specific separation methods are explained. The 2nd part gives a survey of all essential indications (Goodpasture's syndrome, myasthenia gravis, hyperviscosity syndrome, lupus erythematodes visceralis, intoxications) and shows the main complications. PMID- 6549092 TI - Surface pressure hysteresis of mixed lipid/protein monolayers: applications to the alveolar dynamics. AB - Experimental data on surface pressure-surface area hysteresis of mixed serum albumin/dipalmitoyl lecithin/sphingomyelin monolayers in the Langmuir trough are presented. Several possible physicochemical mechanisms of the hysteresis are discussed: Marangoni effect, surface pressure relaxations, bulk-to-surface diffusion interchange, and collapse. Depending on the concrete conditions each of these mechanisms can be important. Possible applications of these results to the alveolar dynamics are presented and discussed on the basis of the balloon model of the alveolus. The main conclusions of biological importance are that 1) the alveolar stability depends on the DPL/SM ratio as well as on the protein content. Under normal breathing conditions the surface pressure hysteresis is small and does not play a decisive role in the alveolar dynamics. 2) At large extent of compression the collapse predominates in determining the hysteretic behavior of the alveolar surface. PMID- 6549093 TI - [Treatment of trophic ulcers with algipor]. PMID- 6549094 TI - [Recurrence prevention of papillomas of the bladder using lycurim instillation]. AB - Following surgical removal of papillary tumours of the bladder from 60 patients the authors performed short instillations of the bladder with LYCURIM. The histological picture revealed tumours in the stage O-A-B1 and grade I-II-III. In a control group (n = 129) 89 recidive cases were observed in 2 years. Out of the 60 patients of the LYCURIM group 19 (31.7%) were free of tumours for 2 years and 43 (71.7%) for 11/2 years. A transient cystitis which occurred with short application of the medicament was easily cured. Toxic effects on the blood picture were not observed. PMID- 6549095 TI - LDH-viral activity transferred with cell surface antigens of Gardner lymphosarcoma cells. Short communication. PMID- 6549096 TI - A visual representation of a model for monitoring the state of oxygenation in the critically ill patients. Description and clinical validation. AB - The authors propose a new circular diagram for monitoring the oxygenation status of critically ill patients. This diagram contains some well known parameters; other ones are suggested to evaluate the pulmonary function and the capability of blood oxygenation. The calculation and a "BASIC" program are provided to use the diagram. This method offers a fast and easy monitoring of oxygenation status by a very small arterious and central venous blood sample. PMID- 6549097 TI - Development and practical use of a computerized anesthesia protocol. PMID- 6549098 TI - Atracurium in anesthesia for diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6549099 TI - [Extranodal malignant lymphoma of the head and neck]. PMID- 6549100 TI - [Benign lymphoepithelial lesion of the parotid gland and its association with malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6549101 TI - Neuropeptide Y: immunocytochemical localization to and effect upon feline pial arteries and veins in vitro and in situ. AB - Plexuses of nerve fibres containing neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactivity invest pial arteries belonging to the circle of Willis, pial arterioles, occasionally penetrating arterioles and large veins. A more sparse supply of NPY like fibres were observed around pial veins and venules. The NPY-immunoreactive fibres are located within the adventitia or at the adventitia-media border. Only occasional fibres are present in cerebral vessels of animals in which the superior cervical ganglion has been removed one week previously. Administration of NPY resulted in strong, concentration-dependent contractions of isolated feline middle cerebral arteries whereas administration of avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) elicited weak contractions. In chloraloseanaesthetized cats, perivascular microapplication of NPY in situ resulted in marked concentration dependent contractions of cerebral pial arterioles (34.7 +/- 6.6%; maximum decrease in calibre with NPY. Perivascular administration of NPY resulted in the constriction of pial veins but the magnitude of the venous calibre reductions was smaller than the response of arterioles at each reductions was smaller than the response of arterioles at each concentration examined. APP did not elicit contraction of pial arterioles or veins during in situ conditions. The pharmacological and immunocytochemical results strongly indicate the existence of a novel perivascular neuronal system containing NPY, which mediates contraction of cerebral blood vessels and NPY is colocalized with NA in sympathetic nerves. PMID- 6549102 TI - Cochlear implants and the education of deaf children. PMID- 6549103 TI - Microcomputer use in programs for hearing-impaired children: a national survey. PMID- 6549104 TI - Cancer mortality and solvent exposures in the rubber industry. AB - Some evidence suggests that solvent exposures to rubber industry workers may be associated with excess cancer mortality, but most studies of rubber workers lack information about specific chemical exposures. In one large rubber and tire manufacturing plant, however, historical documents allowed a classification of jobs based on potential exposures to all solvents that were authorized for use in the plant. A case-control analysis of a 6678 member cohort compared the solvent exposure histories of a 20% age-stratified random sample of the cohort with those of cohort members who died during 1964-1973 from stomach cancer, respiratory system cancer, prostate cancer, lymphosarcoma, or lymphatic leukemia. Of these cancers, only lymphosarcoma and lymphatic leukemia showed significant positive associations with any of the potential solvent exposures. Lymphatic leukemia was especially strongly related to carbon tetrachloride (OR = 15.3, p less than .0001) and carbon disulfide (OR = 8.9, p = .0003). Lymphosarcoma showed similar, but weaker, associations with these two solvents. Benzene, a suspected carcinogen, was not significantly associated with any of the cancers. PMID- 6549105 TI - Indications for and results of cochlear implants for total binaural deafness. AB - Extensive clinical investigation of the cochlear implant, both in adults and children, has provided evidence of significant benefit with relatively minimal risk. Work is in progress worldwide to develop improved cochlear implant devices. Meanwhile, an auditory prosthesis is now available for the profoundly deaf patient who could not be successfully treated in the past. PMID- 6549106 TI - [Hydroprot treatment of oligozoospermia in men]. PMID- 6549107 TI - Atracurium besylate in paediatric anaesthesia. AB - Atracurium was evaluated in clinical anaesthesia in 50 children undergoing elective surgery. The time to onset of maximum block (182 seconds) was similar to that of vecuronium but shorter than that of pancuronium as previously reported. The duration of clinical relaxation (33 minutes) is between those of vecuronium and pancuronium. The antagonism of block at 25% recovery was easy. There was no untoward cardiovascular effects but skin reactions were observed in over 30% of patients. PMID- 6549108 TI - A severe anaphylactic reaction to atracurium. PMID- 6549109 TI - Atracurium and anaphylaxis. PMID- 6549110 TI - Microcomputer interface for computer-controlled enzyme kinetic studies with the monolayer technique. AB - A microcomputer interface for computer-assisted monolayer experiments was developed, tested, and used for analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis by pancreatic phospholipases A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) of 1,2-didodecanoyl-sn-glycero-3 sulfate monitored under constant surface pressure. The interface described multiplexes two different analog signals onto one set of 12 data input lines to the computer. One signal is obtained from an electromicrobalance which measures surface pressure of a monomolecular substrate layer in a two-compartment trough. The second signal comes from a 10-turns precision potentiometer which measures the position of a surface barrier. Both signals together determine a velocity value which is output via four data lines to a DC motor that drives the barrier. Software developed specifically to drive the interface, to store data, and to keep pressure constant is described. PMID- 6549111 TI - Continuous spectrophotometric assay of pantetheinase activity. AB - A continuous spectrophotometric assay for pantetheinase determination using S pantetheine-3-pyruvate as substrate is described. The enzymatic hydrolysis of this new substrate leads to the formation of S-cysteamine-3-pyruvate, which cyclizes in a non-rate-limiting step to give 2H-1,4-thiazin-5,6-dihydro-3 carboxylic acid (aminoethylcysteine ketimine), a compound exhibiting a strong absorption at 296 nm. The assay is optimized with respect to pH, buffer, and substrate concentration. Prereduction of the enzyme and some properties of the reaction are also studied. The assay is simple, rapid, very sensitive, and specific. PMID- 6549113 TI - Lymphoid tumors of the orbit and ocular adnexa: a long-term follow-up. AB - Retrospective review of 33 patients followed for up to 14 years showed that no signs, symptoms, or histopathologic classification were able to correlate with the long-term fate of the patient. In some cases the histologic pictures were diagnosed differently by different pathologists, pointing up the difficulty encountered in differentiating benign from malignant tumor. Among the interesting clinical findings were: (a) all eight cases of bilateral involvement of the eye or orbital involvement proved to be or developed later systemic lymphomas; (b) one half of the systemic cases (7 out of 15) had ophthalmic involvement from the start; (c) five out of six cases of the medial conjunctival involvement were found to be ultimately malignant. A long-term follow-up and the fate of the patient has to be the final arbiter as to whether the lesion was benign or malignant in a significant number of cases. PMID- 6549112 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of cardiodilatin in myoendocrine cells of the cardiac atria. AB - Region-specific antibodies against synthetic N-terminal fragments of cardiodilatin (CDD) were raised in rabbits and used for the immunohistochemical detection of this new peptide hormone in the myoendocrine cells within the cardiac atria of several species. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) immunohistochemical methods gave identical results of cardiodilatin-immunoreactivity (CDD-IR) within the tissue. In addition to the porcine right atrial appendage, myoendocrine cells with CDD-IR were also detected in the left atrium of porcine heart, as well as in other species such as dog and cat. The exact localization of the immunoreactivity in specific secretory granules was mostly related to the Golgi-area which is located on both nuclear poles of auricular myoendocrine cells. The results confirm that cardiodilatin is stored in secretory granules observed through electron microscopical means. This hormone is most likely synthesized and released in myoendocrine cells, exerting its important cardiovascular effects. PMID- 6549115 TI - [Unilateral Goltz syndrome in a boy]. PMID- 6549114 TI - Changing patterns in retinopathy of prematurity. AB - In the past 20 years, the survival rates for premature infants have improved. To reassess the incidence of cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity, 197 consecutive premature infants were examined. Each child was seen at intervals until age 6 months. Changes that could influence visual acuity were found in 22% of those with birth weight less than 1,000 g; 10% of those between 1,001 and 1,250 g; and 0% of those greater than 1,250 g. These findings were compared to a similar study performed at our university a decade earlier. A significant reduction in the incidence of premature retinopathy was demonstrated. However, because greater numbers of profoundly premature infants are surviving, the number of children with retinopathy of prematurity appears to be increasing. PMID- 6549116 TI - [Goltz syndrome: 2 female cases]. PMID- 6549117 TI - A coding system for a computer aided dental identification based on the "Canobrain Programme". AB - Three situations requiring the identification process are considered, that is, (Situation 1) identification of air disaster victims, (Situation 2) identification of an unknown body, and (Situation 3) identification of a missing person. In this paper, a coding system using "Canobrain Programme" in each situation is described. It employs 3 digits and 2 letters in situation 1 or 4 digits in situations 2 and 3 to designate the status of a tooth surface and the nature of the dental materials used in any restoration. Illustrative examples of the trial of this system in situation 1 and 2 are set out. PMID- 6549118 TI - Malignant histiocytosis--a clinicopathologic study of 5 cases. AB - The clinico-pathological features of 5 patients with malignant histiocytosis aged 18 years to 73 years seen over a three year period from 1980 to 1983 at the Department of Haematology Singapore General Hospital were studied. Haematological, cytological and histopathological findings of the disease are described. Diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis was established from biopsies of bone marrow, liver, spleen or lymph nodes. Three out of the 5 patients died rapidly after diagnosis despite cytotoxic chemotherapy. One patient was lost to follow up while another is alive surviving so far for 3 months since diagnosis. The differential diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis is also discussed. PMID- 6549119 TI - In vitro activity of A-16686, a potential antiplaque agent. AB - A-16686, a new glycoproteide antibiotic from Actinoplanes sp., was evaluated as a potential antiplaque agent in comparison with chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride. A-16686 had good activity against gram positive organisms associated with dental plaque (various streptococci, Streptococcus mutans in particular, lactobacilli, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naeslundii); most of the strains tested were clinical isolates. It was bactericidal for streptococci (MBC/MIC ratio of less than or equal to 8 for 92% of the strains) and for growing cells of S. mutans briefly exposed to antibiotic (99.9% killing within 5 min of contact with 200 micrograms of A-16686 per ml). It also inhibited the in vitro plaque formation by S. mutans and had good activity against preformed plaques. For most cases, its activity was comparable to those of chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride. A-16686 appears to be a promising antiplaque agent because of the following attributes: narrow spectrum of activity, rapid bactericidal action, lack of selection of resistant mutants, absence of cross-resistance with clinically used antibiotics, nonabsorption by oral route, good tolerability by the oral mucosa (rats and dogs), and physical characteristics (white powder, soluble in water). PMID- 6549120 TI - Antimicrobial activities of BMY-28142, cefbuperazone, and cefpiramide compared with those of other cephalosporins. AB - The antimicrobial activities of BMY-28142, cefbuperazone (BMY-25182; formerly T 1982), and cefpiramide (WY-44635; formerly SM-1652) were compared with those of cefmenoxime, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, and moxalactam. BMY-28142 was the most active cephalosporin against the majority of aerobic and facultatively anaerobic microorganisms studied. Its spectrum of activity was very similar to that of cefotaxime. However, BMY-28142, cefbuperazone, cefmenoxime, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, and moxalactam were equivalent in activity and rate of killing against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Cefpiramide was considerably less active than the other cephalosporins against the Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6549121 TI - Enzymatic heme oxygenase activity in soluble extracts of the unicellular red alga, Cyanidium caldarium. AB - Extracts of the phycocyanin-containing unicellular red alga, Cyanidium caldarium, catalyzed enzymatic cleavage of the heme macrocycle to form the linear tetrapyrrole bilin structure. This is the key first step in the branch of the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway leading to phycobilin photosynthetic accessory pigments. A mixed-function oxidase mechanism, similar to the biliverdin-forming reaction catalyzed by animal cell-derived microsomal heme oxygenase, was indicated by requirements for O2 and a reduced pyridine nucleotide. To avoid enzymatic conversion of the bilin product to phycocyanobilins and subsequent degradation during incubation, mesoheme IX was substituted for the normal physiological substrate, protoheme IX. Mesobiliverdin IX alpha was identified as the primary incubation product by comparative reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and absorption spectrophotometry. The enzymatic nature of the reaction was indicated by the requirement for cell extract, absence of activity in boiled cell extract, high specificity for NADPH as cosubstrate, formation of the physiologically relevant IX alpha bilin isomer, and over 75% inhibition by 1 microM Sn-protoporphyrin, which has been reported to be a competitive inhibitor of animal microsomal heme oxygenase. On the other hand, coupled oxidation of mesoheme, catalyzed by ascorbate plus pyridine or myoglobin, yielded a mixture of ring-opening mesobiliverdin IX isomers, was not inhibited by Sn-protoporphyrin, and could not use NADPH as the reductant. Unlike the animal microsomal heme oxygenase, the algal reaction appeared to be catalyzed by a soluble enzyme that was not sedimentable by centrifugation for 1 h at 200,000g. Although NADPH was the preferred reductant, small amounts of activity were obtained with NADH or ascorbate. A portion of the activity was retained after gel filtration of the cell extract to remove low-molecular-weight components. Considerable stimulation of activity, particularly in preparations that had been subjected to gel filtration, was obtained by addition of ascorbate to the incubation mixture containing NADPH. The results indicate that C. caldarium possesses a true heme oxygenase system, with properties somewhat different from that catalyzing heme degradation in animals. Taken together with previous results indicating that biliverdin is a precursor to phycocyanobilin, the results suggest that algal heme oxygenase is a component of the phycobilin biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 6549123 TI - Development of a medical audit: Royal Newcastle Hospital experience. PMID- 6549122 TI - Shear viscosity of the surfactant from dog lungs. AB - Surface viscosity (eta S) was measured in the pulmonary lavage fluid obtained from 40 mongrel dogs. Two experimental methods were employed to determine surface viscosity: a) Fourt's "torsion pendulum" procedure; and b) the "viscous traction" viscosimeter. A satisfactory correlation (r = 0.88) between these two methods was obtained. The mean value for surface viscosity of the pulmonary lavage fluid was 3.8 X 10(-2) surface-poise (s.p.) with the torsion pendulum procedure, and 4.3 X 10(-2) s.p. with the viscous traction viscosimeter. The implications of surface viscosity in pulmonary mechanics is discussed, as well as the effects of blood plasma addition to the pulmonary lavage fluid. A significant increase of surface viscosity could be observed when blood plasma was added to the hypophase, in concentrations greater than 0.1%. This increase in surface viscosity might be of importance when related to the augmented respiratory work during the evolution of pulmonary edema. PMID- 6549124 TI - An insight into the 'FODS' debate. PMID- 6549125 TI - Convicilin mRNA from pea (Pisum sativum L.) has sequence homology with other legume 7S storage protein mRNA species. AB - Nucleotide-sequence analysis of a complementary-DNA clone for convicilin, one of the storage proteins from pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds, shows it to be homologous with the 7S legume seed storage proteins vicilin, conglycinin and phaseolin. Convicilin is more similar to vicilin than to phaseolin or to conglycinin. Significant areas of sequence difference are discussed. PMID- 6549126 TI - The use of xanthine oxidase for a specific and sensitive fluorimetric determination of 6-mercaptopurine in serum. AB - A specific and highly sensitive fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) in serum. The method is based on the enzymatic oxidation of 6MP with xanthine oxidase to the oxypurine, followed by oxidation with acidic chromate to the corresponding 6-sulfonate. The fluorescent product has excitation and emission maxima at 330 and 400 nm, respectively. The limit of sensitivity was approximately 22 pg/ml for 6MP in water. The sensitivity limit for 6MP in serum containing azathioprine was approximately 2.2 ng/ml. The rate constants for conversion of 6MP into the final product (6-thiouric acid) and the apparent Michaelis constant were also determined by a nonlinear regression analysis based on the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation using the ultraviolet absorbance data and the simplified complementary tristimulus colorimetry. PMID- 6549127 TI - Electrophoretic and lectin-binding properties of glycopeptides released from the membrane during "in vitro" aging of human erythrocytes. AB - During in vitro aging of human erythrocytes sialopeptides are lost from the membrane in a process which appears to act on glycophorins. This glycopeptide material can be purified by affinity chromatography on Wheat germ agglutinin Sepharose, as glycophorin does. The electrophoretic behaviour of the purified material suggests that the glycopeptide comes from the breakdown of the domain of glycophorin exposed on the surface of the membrane. The binding properties toward Phaseolus vulgaris E lectin indicate that the only N-linked sugar chain of glycophorin is present in the sialopeptide released from the membrane; therefore we can argue that the glycophorin breakdown during in vitro aging of red cell takes place beyond the 26th residue of the sequence, and probably quite near the lipid bilayer. PMID- 6549128 TI - The role of TXA2 in hypertension. AB - Blood pressure reduction induced by antihypertensive drugs with different mode of action approximated the pathological altered synthesis of TXB2 in spontaneously hypertensive rats to values of normotensive rats: in the kidney medulla by all drugs used, in the aorta only by the most efficient drugs (clonidine, dihydralazine) and in plasma and serum only in connection with a reduction in heart rate (clonidine, propranolol). The pathologically increased synthesis of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha was unchanged by drugs, therefore the ratio PGI2/TXA2 was directed towards the vasodilatory prostanoid. Unlike SHR in NTR an equieffective blood pressure reduction induced by the same drugs was without influence on TXB2 synthesis. From these results we can conclude, that the influence of antihypertensive drugs on TXB2 synthesis depends on the normotensive or hypertensive state of the animals and not on the drug per se. In hypertensive patients a blood pressure reduction by linseed oil was connected with a reduced TXB2 plasma level, too. PMID- 6549129 TI - Characterization of a chemically tritiated large molecular weight glucagon immunoreactive protein species by lectin-affinity column chromatography and reaction with anti-glucagon antibodies. AB - High molecular weight glucagon immunoreactive material, obtained by gel filtration (in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride) of fetal bovine pancreatic extracts, was tritiated by reductive methylation. Concanavalin-A Sepharose column chromatography of the radiolabeled preparation yielded a discrete Concanavalin-A-reactive, alpha-methyl-mannoside-displaceable radioactive peak, coinciding with the glucagon immunoreactive peak. Submission of the Con-A reactive material to wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose column chromatography yielded a lectin-reactive, N-acetyl-glucosamine-displaceable radioactive peak, coinciding with the glucagon immunoreactive peak. The tritiated Con-A-reactive component interacted specifically with anti-glucagon antibodies. Sephacryl S-200 gel-filtration (in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride) dissociated a approximately 40 kDa radioactive species from the antibody-antigen complex. These data provide direct evidence for the existence of a large molecular weight glycosylated glucagon-related protein species from the fetal bovine pancreas. PMID- 6549130 TI - Diagnosis of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy by recombinant DNA techniques. AB - An amino acid substitution of Met for Val at position 30 of plasma prealbumin is known to be closely related to heredo-familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy(FAP). As a first step in development of a direct method for diagnosis of the disease, cDNA for normal human prealbumin was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Our results showed that the nucleotide substitution responsible for the Val----Met change results in formation of new restriction sites for BalI and NsiI. By Southern blot hybridization analysis, the expected restriction sites were actually detected in the prealbumin locus of patients. Thus, a method was developed for diagnosis of the disease presymptomatically and prenatally. PMID- 6549131 TI - Computer aided evaluation of two-dimensional NMR spectra of proteins. AB - A computer program for the automatic evaluation of two-dimensional NMR spectra of peptides and proteins has been developed. The used strategy is described, the advantages and limits of this approach are discussed. The program was successfully tested on a COSY-spectrum of the neuropeptide Glp-Pro-Pro-Gly-Gly Ser-Lys-Val-Ile-Leu-Phe from hydra, resulting in a drastic reduction of the time needed for the evaluation of two-dimensional NMR data. PMID- 6549132 TI - Identification of hormonogenic domains in the carboxyl terminal region of bovine thyroglobulin. AB - A segment of 986 nucleotides corresponding to the 3' end of the 8.5 kb bovine thyroglobulin (Tg) mRNA has been sequenced. An open reading frame of 302 codons was found, ending with TGA and preceding an 80 nucleotide long 3' untranslated sequence. The encoded protein sequence provided the first data on the carboxyl terminal portion of Tg. Lysine was identified as the last residue. Comparison of the amino acid sequence with that of peptides known to contain thyroid hormones in the mature protein, lead to the identification of three regions involved in thyroid hormone formation. Two closely linked thyroxine- forming sites were found 182 and 196 amino acids from the carboxyl terminus respectively. The antepenultimate amino acid of the protein corresponded to the recently described triiodothyronine-forming site. Together with the previous localization of the main thyroxine-containing peptide at the amino terminus, the present results provide a map of all hormonogenic sites identified to date in Tg. PMID- 6549133 TI - Apolipoprotein B: removal of lipids by sodium cholate and reassociation of a lipid-free apoprotein with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. AB - Apolipoprotein B (apoB) of human plasma low-density lipoprotein has been solubilized with sodium cholate added in an amount highly above its critical micellar concentration. During isolation by gel exclusion chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B, the apoB forms mixed micelles of protein and detergent that are free of endogenous lipids. The circular dichroic spectra of the sodium cholate solubilized apoB indicate significant heterogeneity within the fractions obtained by gel chromatography. The peak position fraction of apoB taken from the column was used for reassociation with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). A soluble apoB-DPPC complex has been prepared by incubation of apoB-sodium cholate and DPPC sodium cholate solutions at 42 degrees C, followed with detergent removal by extensive dialysis in the presence of a XAD-2 ion-exchange resin. Data from negative-stain electron microscopy suggests the incorporation of solubilized apoB into single-bilayer phospholipid vesicles. Upon reassociation with phospholipid, a shift (to shorter wavelengths) occurs in the intrinsic fluorescence of the apoB, thus indicating a transfer of tryptophan residues to a more hydrophobic environment. Sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gives a single band (apparent Mr 370,000) for apoB after solubilization, purification and interaction with the phospholipid. PMID- 6549135 TI - [Comparative studies on the bioavailability of paracetamol from suppositories]. AB - In a comparative study with 10 healthy male volunteers three paracetamol preparations (two commercial products and one preparation with micronized paracetamol) are tested. No differences in absorption and elimination rate as well as in bioavailability are determined. Reported variations in absorption rate and bioavailability can be explained by different vehicle volumes which were applicated. The vehicle volume, that means the dimension of the rectal absorption area is main factor for interpretation of pharmacokinetic data. The micronization of the drug leads to a sustained release. This result is in correlation with in vitro studies. PMID- 6549136 TI - The pharmacokinetics of meprobamate following its oral and rectal administration as a series of combinations with diphenhydramine, acetylsalicylic acid, codeine and pentaerythritol tetranitrate. AB - Studies in human volunteers of the pharmacokinetics of the active drugs in the formulations Visano-mini (meprobamate and diphenhydramine HCl), DoloVisano (meprobamate, diphenhydramine HCl, acetylsalicylic acid and codeine phosphate) and VisanoCor (meprobamate, diphenhydramine HCl and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN], have demonstrated systemic absorption of each of the drugs from all of the formulations. Bioequivalence of meprobamate is indicated despite the drug combinations involved. Some differences in diphenhydramine pharmacokinetics are, however, apparent. The bioavailability of meprobamate administered rectally to human volunteers as the marketed preparations DoloVisano Suppositories and Dolo Visano Suppositories sine codeino, is similar to that observed following oral administration. PMID- 6549134 TI - Preclinical evaluation of diethoxy-(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato) titanium (IV) in human tumour xenografts. AB - The antitumour activity of diethoxy-(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)titanium (IV) (DBT) in comparison to cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (cisplatin, cis-DDP) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) against human breast, colo-rectal and lung tumour lines growing as xenografts in nude mice was investigated. The antitumour activities and toxicities of DBT and cis-DDP are comparable whereas CTX was the most effective agent. PMID- 6549137 TI - [Generalized and persistent lymphadenopathy in drug addicts: clinical and epidemiological aspects]. AB - Persistent unexplained lymphadenopathy with intermittent fever, weight loss, night sweats and malaise was observed in the period from March 1983 to April 1984 in 66 intravenous drug addicts living in Milan. A high percent of these subjects showed cellular immunity alterations, with significant decrease of total lymphocyte count (p less than 0.001) and of OKT4+ cells (percent and absolute number) (p less than 0.001) OKT8+ cells were augmented in percent, but not in absolute count. OKT4/OKT8 cell ratio were inverted, with significant reduction versus the healthy controls (p less than 0.001). IgG mean concentrations were significantly higher than the normal (p less than 0.001). Anergy or hypoergy to recall skin testing were evidenced in 58/66 patients. Cases of persistent unexplained lymphadenopathy associated with abnormalities of cellular immunity are considered as a possible prodrom of AIDS and were frequently observed in high risk populations. The occurrence of this clinical syndrome in a urban area may be premonitory of further progression to the epidemic. It will be necessary to assess whether this clinical and immunological picture will result in some of these patients in full blown acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6549138 TI - Hyper IgE syndrome: four case report. AB - Patients with hyper IgE syndrome (HIES) have varying degree of immunological unbalance that account for deficiency of total T and OKT8 lymphocytes. To investigate the role of immunostimulating drugs in HIES, thymostimulin (TP1) and levamisole were given in highly controlled groups of patients after a wash out period with disodium-chromoglycate (DSCG). Both drugs do not modify clinical picture whereas they do modulate some laboratory parameters as T lymphocyte total number, IgE plasmatic concentration, neutrophil chemotaxis. Furthermore TP1 had a worsening clinical effect in 3 of our patients. In our opinion we feel that the therapies proposed and employed so far for this rare disease must be critically analyzed. PMID- 6549139 TI - [Effects of neonatal hypoxia on brain development. III. Behavioral changes due to total asphyxia]. PMID- 6549140 TI - [Systems analysis of pressure transmission in intracranial cavity]. AB - Systems analysis of intracranial pressure pulse waveform was carried out in 6 dogs during normal condition (normocapnia and intracranial normotension) in order to explore how to transmit the pressure pulse through the intracranial cavity. Pulses originated in the heart travel in the intracranial cavity through the vessels, transmit into the cerebral tissue and finally reach to the dural surface. It can be speculated that the epidural pressure pulse waveform might be influenced by the property of intracranial components. The intracranial cavity which consists of brain parenchyma, vessels, cerebrospinal fluid, blood, pia, arachnoid, dura and skull is considered as a kind of system. The systems analysis method was applied to it. The common carotid arterial pressure pulse wave was used as the input signal of system, and the epidural pressure pulse wave was used as the output. The intracranial pressure was measured by an epidural pressure transducer attached to the dural surface through a parietal burr hole. The common carotid arterial pressure pulse wave and the epidural pressure pulse wave were recorded on FM analog tape. The characteristics of transmission are evaluated by the exact transfer function of system. We consider that the exact transfer function of system is obtained by the randomized input signal caused by the cardiac pacemaker or the aorta balloon. The power spectrum of input signal in this method didn't have a flat profile like completely random wave (or white noise) but a gentle slope between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. Therefore, the result in our method may be reliable only on the waves between 1 Hz and 20 Hz.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6549141 TI - Quantitation of prothrombin activation products in human urine. AB - Urine samples obtained from 37 normal individuals have been screened for the presence of prothrombin activation products using radioimmunoassays developed for fragment 1, fragment 2 and prothrombin derivatives bearing the thrombin region. The cross-reacting materials detected in urine were isolated by affinity chromatography on insolubilized antibodies, and analysed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The only prothrombin derivatives detected were fragment 1 (37/37) and fragment 2 (22/37). The mean values of daily urinary fragment 1 and fragment 2 excretion were respectively 13.4 nM and 1.5 nM. The excretion of prothrombin derivatives has been quantitated in 14 normal pregnant women, during the third trimester of gestation. The mean values of urinary excretion were 47.2 nM per day for fragment 1 (P less than 0.005) and 6.4 nM per day for fragment 2 (P less than 0.05). The significant increase in fragment 1 and fragment 2 excretion observed in a condition known to be associated with the so-called hypercoagulable state suggest that the measurement of prothrombin derivatives in urine could be a useful tool for the non-invasive detection of thromboembolic diseases or prethrombotic states. PMID- 6549142 TI - Protein composition of rabbit alveolar surfactant subfractions. AB - The goal of this investigation was to characterize the proteins in subfractions of alveolar surfactant obtained by lung lavage and separated by differential centrifugation. It was previously demonstrated that the material in the more sedimentable fraction, which was enriched in tubular-myelin and was surface active may be a precursor to the less sedimentable, vesicular, inactive material [1]. Separation of the proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the more sedimentable subfractions and rabbit surfactant isolated by conventional methods contained proteins with molecular weights comparable to those previously reported for alveolar surface active material (approximately 36 000 and 10 000). The less sedimentable subfractions contained less of these proteins. Immunoblots with anti-dog surfactant apoprotein antibodies, which cross-react with rabbit proteins, supported these observations. Immunoblots also showed that all of the subfractions contained serum proteins and secretory IgA, with the less sedimentable subfractions containing more secretory IgA. These results suggested that changes in protein composition may accompany functional changes in surfactant in the alveoli. PMID- 6549143 TI - The oxidation of hemins by microsomal heme oxygenase. Structural requirements for the retention of substrate activity. AB - The substrate specificity of microsomal heme oxygenase from rat liver was studied by introducing systematic structural changes in the array of substituents of the protohemin IX rings. Replacement of the vinyls by methyl groups resulted in hemins which were excellent substrates of the heme oxygenase. Replacement of the 4-vinyl group by a propionic acid chain (harderohemin), decreased substrate activity to 40%. The replacement of the vinyls by formyl residues strongly decreased substrate activity but the hemins were still substrates of heme oxygenase. The oxidation rates of Spirographis hemin and of 2,4 diformyldeuterohemin IX showed a time lag which was absent when isoSpirographis hemin was used as a substrate. This lag could be attributed to the formation of a transient hemiacetal between the 2-formyl group and the alpha-mesohydroxy residue. The isomeric protohemins I, XI, and XIV (Fischer's notation) were examined as possible substrates of microsomal heme oxygenase. In these protohemins the array of substituents of rings A and B was the same as in protohemin IX, but the methyl and propionic acid residues of rings C and D were at different positions from those of protohemin IX. None of them had substrate activity, indicating that the presence of two vicinal propionic acid side-chains at C6 and C7 was necessary for substrate activity. A hemin with only one propionic acid residue at C5 was not a substrate of the enzyme, either. When the propionic acid residues of protohemin IX were replaced by butyric acid residues, substrate activity decreased to 50% (as compared to protohemin IX), while when they were replaced by acetic acid residues, the substrate activity was entirely suppressed. The addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (25 mM) to the incubation mixture enhanced the oxidation of hemins with non-polar substituents in rings A and B by about 35%, while it was without effect on hemins with polar substituents in the same rings. PMID- 6549144 TI - [Reduction of methemoglobin with photoradicals of benzophenone-3,3',4,4' tetracarbonic acid]. AB - Reaction ability of partially reduced human methemoglobin was estimated by the rate of protein addition of carbon monoxide immediately after reduction. Impulse of photoexcitation allowed two variants of these experiments to be carried out: immediately after partial reduction of methemoglobin with photoradicals of benzophenone 3,3',4,4'-tetracarbon acid and after photodissociation of the carboxy-complex obtained in the first case. It has been shown that at protein reduction "p" less than or equal to 0.03 under these conditions the initially obtained R-form of protein is partially transformed into the less reactive T form. PMID- 6549145 TI - [Use of fluorescence-labelled cerebroside as a substrate for galactosylceramidase of human skin fibroblasts]. AB - Possible use of the fluorescently labelled cerebroside, 1-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-2 N-[6-(2-antroyl)hexanoyl]-4-sphingeni n (Gal-A-sphingenin) as a substrate for galactosylceramidase (GC) from human skin fibroblasts was investigated. Studies involving TLC and fluorimetric methods revealed enzymatic splitting of Gal-A sphingenin whose degree correlated with the amount of the enzyme and incubation time. Some kinetic parameters of GC were determined, using Gal-A-sphingenin as substrate. It was shown that the values of specific activity of GC (1.6 nmol/mg protein/hr) and Km (0.025 mM) for Gal-A-sphingenin agree well with the corresponding values obtained with the use of the galactocerebroside as a natural substrate. In experiments with mixtures of Gal-A-sphingening and galactocerebroside used as substrates in different molar ratios, it was shown that the enzyme splits each of the substrates with equal velocity. The results of experiments with the enzyme samples from skin fibroblasts of healthy individuals and of patients with GM1-gangliosidosis (GM1-beta-D-galactosidase deficiency) suggest that Gal-A-sphingenin is a specific substrate for GC. PMID- 6549146 TI - Direct determination of the calcium profile structure for dipalmitoyllecithin multilayers using neutron diffraction. AB - The distribution of calcium in lamellar phases of dipalmitoyllecthin (DPPC) multilayers was directly determined by neutron diffraction and stable isotope substitution of 44Ca for 40Ca. A significant resonance effect on the intensities of the lamellar diffraction pattern was observed for millimolar concentrations of these calcium isotopes. The calcium difference profile indicated that calcium was localized in the phospholipid headgroup region, being excluded from the hydrocarbon core as was water separately determined from the water profile structure obtained by H2O/D2O exchange. A reciprocal space analysis of the difference structure factors indicated that calcium binds preferentially to within 1-2 A of the phosphate moiety of the phospholipid head groups of the DPPC bilayer. PMID- 6549147 TI - Problems in evaluating response of primary breast cancer to systemic therapy. AB - The evaluation of the response of primary breast cancer to systemic therapy is difficult. Evaluable primary lesions may be assessed both by physical and by mammographic examination. In this study, response to therapy was evaluated after 4 cycles of CMF or CMF plus tamoxifen in 49 patients with locally advanced breast cancer entering a prospective randomized trial. In 35 patients response was evaluated by both physical examination and mammography. In some cases there was disagreement between physical examination and mammography in quantifying the magnitude of response. In 8 of 35 (22.9%), the overall response was overestimated by physical examination versus mammography, while in 3 of 35 (8.6%) the reverse was true. Taking into consideration different criteria in attributing the overall response, i.e. selecting physical examination only, mammography only, or the most favorable or the least favorable response between the two methods of assessment, the objective remission rates were 65.7%, 54.3%, 71.4% and 45.7%, respectively. The data suggest that both physical examination and mammography should be used in evaluating the response of primary breast cancer to a systemic treatment. Should these two methods yield contrasting results, the data obtained with each method should be reported. The best observed response may be employed in determining the overall response. PMID- 6549148 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases: an epidemic in adolescent girls? AB - The prevalence of sexually transmitted disease (STD) in adolescent girls aged 15 19 attending a department of genitourinary medicine was compared for the years 1972 and 1982. Data were obtained from the confidential register using the coding of the clinic returns to the Department of Health (form SBH 60). There were 1373 patients in 1972 and 1799 in 1982, 6.4% and 7% respectively of the total female clinic population. The prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea, and infection with Trichomonas vaginalis, herpes simplex virus, and warts was almost unchanged. Other conditions, which are not classified as STD, were largely responsible for the increase in new attendances, the prevalence of these conditions having nearly doubled over the ten year period. Thus an epidemic of STD has not been shown in this adolescent female population over the past decade. PMID- 6549150 TI - Inter-relationship between egg weight, parental age and embryonic development. AB - A clear positive correlation was evident between egg weight at setting and embryo weight at 18 d of incubation for eggs laid at or after 32 weeks of age. The weight of embryos from the same size eggs were found to depend upon a curvilinear function of the age of parent flock, with the largest increase in embryo weight occurring between 28 and 32 weeks of age. Hatching weight was highly correlated with egg size at setting. Flock age had no effect on hatching weight from a particular sized egg. Within any of the five ages studied, chicks from smaller eggs tended to hatch slightly (but not significantly) earlier than those from larger eggs. PMID- 6549149 TI - Characterization of the relaxant effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and PHI on isolated brain arteries. AB - We have studied the vasorelaxant properties of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) using helical strips of bovine, porcine and human brain arteries in vitro. The resting tension of the arterial strips was increased during experiments by prostaglandin F2 alpha or KCl so as to increase the magnitude of the relaxant response to VIP. Arteries supplying different regions of the bovine brain responded potently to VIP with ED50 values of 1.8 nM, 2.3 nM, 6.8 nM and 9.0 nM for the middle, anterior and posterior cerebral arteries and the basilar artery, respectively. The porcine basilar artery and branches of the human middle cerebral artery responded to VIP with ED50 values of 4.2 nM and 1.6 nM, respectively. The homologous neuropeptide, PHI, relaxed the bovine middle cerebral and porcine basilar arteries less potently than did VIP, with ED50 values for PHI being 11 nM and 43 nM, respectively. However, PHI elicited in the two arteries a maximal vasodilatory response of similar magnitude as did VIP. The other homologous peptides, human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor 1-40 [hpGRF 1-40], secretin, and glucagon, and the VIP fragments, VIP 1-12 and VIP 10 28, were completely inactive. In contrast, VIP, which had been oxidized to VIP (Met17 sulfoxide) or VIP-(Met17 sulfone), retained full activity. These structure activity relationships for relaxation of brain arteries are consistent with previous studies of other biological responses to VIP. PMID- 6549151 TI - Use of a home-based microcomputer to analyze community data from reported cases of child abuse and neglect. AB - A personal microcomputer data base program was used to study 184 substantiated 1981 child abuse and neglect cases in the city of Lansing, Michigan. Data on 18 variables were entered directly into the microcomputer from the agency case closing forms in 7 1/2 hours. The microcomputer can sort by one or more variables. In analyzing the data, the following questions were addressed: Who reports the child abuse cases? In what types of families does abuse occur? Who are the perpetrators in relation to the child? Who are the victims by age and race? What types of abuse are substantiated? How many of the cases are repeats? Where are substantiated cases located? This study was both simple and inexpensive, requiring minimal staff time, a microcomputer with a data base program, and data already available in agency files. This study could be duplicated in any area by noncomputer persons to help professionals, community organizers, and others to better understand their community and help the abusive family. PMID- 6549152 TI - Overview of thyroidology--1984. PMID- 6549153 TI - Platelet-activating factor phosphatidate, but not platelet-activating factor, is a powerful calcium ionophore in the human red cell. AB - Platelet-activating factor (1-0-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, PAF) is a potent inducer of shape-change, aggregation and secretion in platelets. PAF causes a rapid increase in intracellular calcium, but has no calcium gating effect in intact lipid bilayers. Human red cells (RBC) did not metabolize either PAF or PAF-phosphatidate (PAF-PA). While PAF (10 microM) was devoid of calcium ionophoretic activity, PAF-PA (1-5 microM) stimulated calcium influx into intact human RBC. In addition, PAF-PA (1-10 microM), but not PAF (10 microM), elicited a series of satellite effects related to the rise of intracellular calcium: 1) increased efflux of intracellular potassium (Gardos effect); 2) alkalinization of unbuffered RBC suspensions; 3) stimulation of ATP consumption and production, and enhancement of glycolytic flux with crossover at the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase step. These effects exactly duplicate those brought about by the calcium ionophore A23187. The ionophoretic potency of PAF-PA was about half that of A23187. Approximately the same concentrations of PAF-PA as those that stimulate calcium influx into RBC elicit full aggregatory response in human platelets. It is possible that transformation of PAF into PAF-PA by the combined action of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase contributes to the increase of calcium influx in platelets. PMID- 6549154 TI - Enhanced lipid peroxidation of erythrocyte membranes and phosphatidylcholine liposomes induced by a xanthine oxidase system in the presence of catalase. PMID- 6549155 TI - The Clara cell and pulmonary surfactant: a study using selective chemical ablation. AB - Administration of 3-hydroxymethylfuran-N-ethylcarbamate (HFC) to female hamsters via the jugular vein under pentobarbitone anaesthetic at 20 mg per kg body weight produced pronounced necrosis of the Clara cells without apparent morphological effect on other cell types as judged by transmission electron microscope examination. The surfactant material recoverable by minimal lavage followed by purification by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation increased, reaching a maximum around 48 h after treatment. At this time static pressure/volume measurements on isolated lungs indicated an increase in airway surface compliance. Lavageable surfactant phospholipid composition was examined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.). The distribution of phospholipids between the various classes was unchanged by HFC treatment. No change in the total lung surfactant pool size was seen. These results are discussed in relation to the possible roles of the Clara cell in influencing airway surfactant levels. PMID- 6549156 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease with Adie's syndrome and mononeuritis multiplex including trigeminal sensory neuropathy]. PMID- 6549157 TI - [Meniscal cysts. Clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6549158 TI - Application of a high-resolution TV-microscope system to estimate the sequence of centromere separation in muntjak chromosomes. AB - The sequence of centromere separation in muntjak fibroblasts was studied using a high-resolution TV-microscope system. Computer programs that identify the chromosomes as well as measure the centromere separation are described. Important prerequisites for this study are the high sampling rate and the digital processing of the two images from the red and green channel of a color TV-camera. The study demonstrates that the centromeres do not separate in a random sequence and that the separation sequence is not solely controlled by the amount of constitutive heterochromatin in the chromosomes. PMID- 6549159 TI - Preparative dual-beam sorting of the human Y chromosome and in situ hybridization of cloned DNA probes. AB - Bivariate Hoechst/chromomycin flow karyotypes for chromosomes from a Chinese hamster-human hybrid cell line (CH-Y-VII) were established that have retained a human Y chromosome. These bivariate flow karyotypes showed the human Y chromosome to be completely separated from the peaks for the Chinese hamster chromosomes. In preparative dual-beam sorting experiments, 3 X 10(6) chromosomes were sorted from the Y peak into frozen petri dishes. An examination of Q-banded samples of sorted chromosomes revealed that 82% +/- 5% of them were human Y chromosomes. The DNA from the sorted chromosomes (approximately 250 ng) was isolated and used to establish a genomic library (vector lambda gt WES. lambda B). Three clones (YACG 45, 52, 54) of this library containing inserts of repetitive human DNA were used for chromosomal localization by means of in situ hybridization to metaphase spreads of male human lymphocytes and of CH-Y-VII cells. In all three cases, a significant binding to the human Y chromosome was observed. A more detailed study of the chromosomal distribution of sequences homologous to the insert of YACG 45 suggested the existence of minor binding sites on several human autosomes. Southern blot analysis revealed the existence of other human specific sequences without Y chromosome specificity. PMID- 6549160 TI - Effect of allopurinol treatment in premature infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. AB - A randomized prospective study of the effectiveness of allopurinol (Ap), a potent and specific inhibitor of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, was performed in premature infants endangered by hypoxia. The drug was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day orally for 3 days. In the Ap-treated group the expected decrease in the serum concentration and urinary excretion of uric acid was accompanied by a decrease in the mortality rate of infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. In these patients a concomitant improvements in renal function, as indicated by an increased urinary flow rate and creatinine output, was also obvious. It is suggested that the observed beneficial effect is due to the specific inhibition of xanthine oxidase associated with Ap therapy leading to reduced generation of superoxide radicals and decreased urinary loss of purine. PMID- 6549161 TI - User friendly system for electrodiagnosis. AB - A laboratory built computer system for clinical electrophysiology of vision is described to illustrate how modern technology may ease the task of handling otherwise rather complicated electronic equipment and of elaborating the data obtained. An example is given of a procedure for clinical electroretinography in which the task of the operator is virtually confined to using a single command letter, which is specified in continuously updated instructions displayed on a monitor. After the patient has left, the operator checks and if necessary corrects the automatically defined maxima of a and b waves of the electroretinogram. The print-out consists of graphs of amplitude and latency versus stimulus intensity in which the normal range is indicated. The task of the operator during an EOG measurement is confined to checking the collaboration of the patient, since the complete procedure including the elaboration of the data is automated. PMID- 6549162 TI - [Hypertensive activity of isoteolin]. PMID- 6549164 TI - Lymphosarcoma in a horse. PMID- 6549163 TI - [Antihypertensive effect of isoteolin in model hypertension]. PMID- 6549165 TI - N-Succinyldesferrioxamine B: a potential radiopharmaceutical for assessing renal function. AB - N-Succinyldesferrioxamine B was found to be cleared very fast by the kidneys. Since this compound can strongly chelate several metals, including the generator produced isotopes 113mIn and 68Ga, 67Ga-N-succinyldesferrioxamine B (SDF) was tested as a substitute for 131I-o-iodohippuric acid (OIH) in the measurement of renal tubular secretion. In rats both compounds showed similar biodistribution patterns with a greater excretion rate of SDF. In rabbits, however, the excretion rate of OIH was superior to that of SDF. Inhibition of tubular secretion by probenecid was nearly ineffective in the renal clearance of both OIH and SDF. PMID- 6549166 TI - Haemodynamic effects of oral molsidomine in pump failure complicating myocardial infarction. AB - Haemodynamic monitoring, using a Swan-Ganz balloon catheter, was done in 14 patients with pump failure associated with acute myocardial infarction, before and for 8 h after single 6 mg oral dose of molsidomine. The following changes effects were found: HR fell by 1.6 to 4.7% (significant at 4th hour; p less than 0.05); SBP was 8.4% lower after 1 h (p less than 0.05); PCP was decreased by approximately 30%, a significant effect that lasted for 8 hours (p less than 0.002). CI did not change significantly, although individual analysis showed it to have increased in 6 out of 12 cases. Stroke volume index was increased by about 6% (significant after 1 h, p less than 0.025). The left ventricular stroke work index also increased from 9.8 to 24.5% (significant after 1 and 4 h, p less than 0.01 and 0.025). These findings show the beneficial haemodynamic effects of molsidomine in pump failure complicating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6549167 TI - Tolerance and pharmacokinetics of A515U, an acyclovir analogue, in healthy volunteers. AB - A515U (6-deoxyacyclovir) is an analogue of acyclovir devoid of antiviral activity in vitro but which is well absorbed and undergoes conversion to acyclovir after oral administration to rats. The tolerance and pharmacokinetics of various doses of A515U have been studied in 8 healthy volunteers. Single oral doses of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg A515U and 400 mg acyclovir for comparison were administered to the volunteers at weekly intervals. Concentrations of the parent drug and acyclovir were determined in plasma and urine. The prodrug was well tolerated and did not cause adverse reactions or changes in haematological or biochemical variables. It was well absorbed and conversion to acyclovir was rapid and extensive at all doses. Plasma concentrations of acyclovir achieved with 50 mg A515U orally were comparable to and less variable than those produced by 400 mg acyclovir. A515U was rapidly cleared with a short plasma elimination half life of approximately 0.5 h. The attainment of high plasma concentrations of acyclovir by oral administration of a prodrug may represent an important advance in antiviral chemotherapy. PMID- 6549168 TI - Structure elucidation and in vitro reactivity of the major metabolite of 4,4' methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MBOCA) in canine urine. AB - The structure of the major urinary metabolite of 4,4'-methylenebis(2 chloroaniline) (MBOCA) in dogs was identified and the reactivity of the metabolite was characterized in vitro. Arylsulfatase but not beta-glucuronidase hydrolyzed the metabolite in a time- and enzyme concentration-dependent manner. Electron impact mass spectrometry following derivatization and transesterification indicated that the major metabolite was ring hydroxylated and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry confirmed the molecular weight as a sulfate ester. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicated that the ring substitution was ortho to an amine. These analytical and enzymatic data supported the proposed structure of the major urinary metabolite of MBOCA in dogs as 5 hydroxy-3,3'-dichloro-4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane-5-sulfate. Protein and DNA binding in vitro and mutagenicity were investigated. During hydrolysis with arylsulfatase, time- and enzyme concentration-dependent protein binding and time dependent DNA binding were observed. Mutagenicity during enzymatic hydrolysis in the presence of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 with up to 20 micrograms metabolite/plate was negative and at 50 micrograms/plate the metabolite was cytotoxic. These results indicated that the metabolite was the sulfate conjugate of a reactive molecule. This study demonstrated that the major metabolite of MBOCA in canine urine is an orthohydroxysulfate and thus is similar to the major metabolites of benzidine, 2-naphthylamine, and 4-aminobiphenyl. PMID- 6549169 TI - Neodymium YAG laser effects on rabbit lenses. A scanning electron microscopic investigation using Q-switched and mode-locked lasers. AB - The immediate and long-term effects of Q-switched and mode-locked neodymium (Nd) yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) lasers on the fine structure of lens fibers were studied with stereomicroscopic and scanning electron microscopic methods. This study shows that both laser systems produced very restricted lesions that, at a 1 h survival time, were characterized by an empty central hole surrounded by a thin amorphous wall. Fibers adjacent to the hole looked normal, apart from some compression in the immediate vicinity of the hole. At medium and long-term survival times the empty bubbles now appeared to be filled with a crystal-clear amorphous mass. The wall surrounding the empty lesions had disappeared, and at medium survival times adjacent fibers incidentally showed fiber alterations like local swellings and microplicae. At 180 days the fibers surrounding the central mass showed numerous swellings, microplicae and confluence of fibers. These fiber alterations are also seen in different types of cataracts. Thus, short-pulsed laser lesions may act as cataractogenic centers. PMID- 6549170 TI - [A simple method for determination of choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (ACh) in rat brain regions using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED)]. AB - A simple method for the determination of choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (ACh) in rat brain regions by application of high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) is described. Separation of endogenous Ch, ACh, and ethylhomocholine (EHC) as internal standard on a chemcosorb 3C-18 column is followed by electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) derived from the compounds. H2O2 was enzymatically produced in the reaction coil (10 m). The assay limit for quantitation was 10--30 pmole for both compounds. The brain tissue was homogenized with 15%-1N formic acid in acetone and centrifuged. The supernatant was washed with either once and then blown off using N2 gas before an aqueous solution was immediately applied for analysis. Recovery rates were 96.1 +/- 1.4% for Ch and 95.6 +/- 2.2% for ACh. The levels of Ch and ACh in rat brain regions after sacrifice either by decapitation or microwave irradiation (10 kW, 2450 MHz, Magnetic-field type) were compared with those previously reported. PMID- 6549171 TI - Sucralfate versus placebo treatment in duodenal and prepyloric ulcer: a clinical endoscopic, double-blind controlled investigation. AB - Sucralfate, which has cytoprotective, pepsinostatic, antacid and bile acid binding properties, was studied in a therapeutic trial against a placebo in patients with duodenal and prepyloric ulcer. The investigation was designed as a double-blind controlled study. Thirty-five patients with endoscopically verified ulcers were observed during 8 weeks of treatment. In 14 out of 17 (82%) patients treated with sucralfate the ulcers healed, as compared with 7 out of 18 (39%) in the placebo group, as compared with 7 out of 18 (39%) in the placebo group. In approximately 60% of sucralfate-treated patients all symptoms disappeared, as compared with approximately 30% in the placebo group. No significant side effects were detected, and compliance was good. Consequently, sucralfate represents as effective and safe treatment for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6549172 TI - Primary malignant lymphomas of the central nervous system: a histological and immunohistological study of 12 cases. AB - Paraffin sections of surgical and autopsy material from 12 cases of primary non Hodgkin's lymphomas of the central nervous system were examined for histopathological diagnosis and for the demonstration of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. According to the Kiel classification, there were five cases of lymphoplasmacytoid polymorphous lymphoma, five of immunoblastic lymphoma, one of lymphoblastic lymphoma of convoluted cell type. There was also one of the recently described multilobated lymphoma. An immunohistological study of light and heavy chains by peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) technique and avidin-biotin complex (ABC)technique was performed. Intracellular immunoglobulins were demonstrated in seven cases: four cases were classified as immunoblastic lymphomas and three cases as lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas. Negative immunoglobulin staining was observed in five cases: two lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas, one immunoblastic, one lymphoblastic of convoluted cell type and one multilobated. A 'monoclonal' pattern of immunoglobulin staining was detected in six cases. One case, classified as immunoblastic lymphoma, showed 'bitypic' staining for kappa and lambda chains. It was concluded that primary CNS non Hodgkin's lymphomas of the present series showed morphological and immunohistological features similar to those of malignant lymphomas arising in extraneural sites. In particular, the presence in our series of a multilobated lymphoma, as a primary CNS tumour, is emphasized. PMID- 6549173 TI - Effect of atropine on fertility of female rat and sperm motility. PMID- 6549174 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC) recent observations. PMID- 6549175 TI - Primary lymphoblastic lymphosarcoma of the lung. PMID- 6549176 TI - Treatment with vitamin D or its analogues does not change body weight or blood glucose level in postmenopausal women. AB - It has recently been stated that vitamin D analogues can reduce body weight in animal models. We evaluated the effect of treatment with vitamin D metabolites on the nutritional status of 238 postmenopausal women, who were participating in three double-blind placebo-controlled trials, the aim of which was to prevent or treat postmenopausal bone loss. After two years of treatment with vitamin D3, 2000 IU daily (n = 25), or l alpha OHD3, 0.25 micrograms daily (n = 23), or 1 year of treatment with 1,25 (OH)2D3, 0.25-0.50 micrograms daily (n = 40), no change in body weight or blood glucose level could be detected when compared to corresponding placebo treated groups (n = 150). It is concluded that the effect of vitamin D analogues on body weight is a phenomenon which is specific for an animal model and does not occur in man. PMID- 6549177 TI - Arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of meniscal lesions of the knee associated with chronic ligamentous instability. AB - The role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of meniscal lesions of the knee associated with chronic ligamentous instability is discussed and illustrated. Clinical examination and meticulous objective tests are usually sufficient to enable the surgeon to arrive at a correct assessment of the ligamentous instability, but in the associated meniscal lesion arthroscopy plays an important role in disclosing the site, extent and type of the lesion. This may be such that it is amenable to repair by subsequent open operation. However, if this is not the case, arthroscopic removal of such parts of the damaged meniscus as may be necessary to relieve symptoms can be carried out without risk of aggravating the instability by interfering with the healthy peripheral parts of the meniscus. The ideal treatment of selected cases is illustrated in an analysis of 35 such patients selected from a total case material of 456 patients including 116 arthroscopies during the same period. They have been classified into two clinical groups in which the treatment is discussed and the results reported. PMID- 6549178 TI - Arthrography in the investigation of persistent pain after meniscectomy. AB - The authors report 62 patients in whom arthrography of the knee had been performed because of persistent pain after menisectomy. In about 60% of the cases the interval between operation and arthrography was less than 18 months. The causes of residual pain identified by arthrography were divided into meniscal and extra meniscal. The most frequent findings were remnants of pathological meniscal tissue; lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament; synovial and chondral pathology. Thirty patients were checked by arthroscopy and were subjected to further operation. In 80% of these cases the arthrographic findings corresponded exactly with the operative findings. The writers confirm that arthrography is still a valid method of investigation in patients affected by persisting pain after meniscectomy. PMID- 6549179 TI - Circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites in patients with hyperinsulinaemia. AB - Circulating levels of vitamin D metabolites were studied in hyperinsulinaemic patients with insulinoma or insulin autoimmune syndrome. Plasma ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25(OH)2D) levels were not statistically different from controls, but the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) levels were significantly decreased in these patients, compared to controls (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). However, the ratio of 24,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D and that of 1,25(OH)2D to 25(OH)D in hyperinsulinaemic patients were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than in controls. These results suggest that there may be alterations of vitamin D metabolism in the endogenous hyperinsulinaemic state. PMID- 6549180 TI - Effects of the cholinotoxin, AF64A, on neuronal trace-metal distribution in the rat hippocampus and neocortex. AB - Ethylcholine mustard aziridinium ion (AF64A) is a neurotoxin which is specific for cholinergic nerve terminals. Besides its effects on elements of the acetylcholine system, we observed that, after 2 and 8 days, a single 20-nmol intracerebroventricular dose altered the Timm's staining of certain regions of the central nervous system and reduced the tissue levels of trace metals. In the hippocampal formation, there was a considerable decrease in the staining of the neuropil of the stratum radiatum and stratum oriens, which contain cholinergic nerve terminals. A reduction in staining was also demonstrated in the perikarya of cortical pyramidal cells. The diminished trace-metal level in both regions was confirmed by quantitative measurements of zinc and copper levels. A similar reduction was not observed at a lower dose (8 nmol) of the cholinotoxin. The results led to the conclusion that AF64A may cause the decrease of the trace metal content of the postsynaptic neurons through an indirect mechanism. PMID- 6549181 TI - Comparison of alpha- and gamma-thrombin on lung fluid balance in anesthetized sheep. AB - We examined the effects of varying dosages of thrombin on lung fluid balance in halothane-anesthetized sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas. A 15-min iv infusion of sublethal doses of alpha-thrombin (2.5 clotting units/micrograms), the native enzyme, at 0.6 or 1.1 nmol active enzyme/kg body wt increased the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) two- to threefold. Neither parameter increased in a dose-dependent manner. Platelet counts decreased 50% with both dosages. Leukocyte counts decreased 35 and 75% from base line in the low- and high-dosage groups, respectively, and reached comparable levels of 50% below base line at 60-min postinfusion in both groups. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations decreased in a dose-dependent manner preceding dose-dependent increases in pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and lymph protein clearance (Clym). Fibrin deposition in pulmonary vessels was greater at 30 than at 180 min postinfusion. In contrast, a 15-min iv infusion of gamma-thrombin (0.002 clotting units/micrograms), which lacks the fibrinogen recognition site, at 1.2 nmol active enzyme/kg produced no significant increases in PVR, Ppa, Qlym, or Clym. The fibrinogen concentration did not change significantly, whereas platelet and leukocyte counts decreased 25% within 15 min. Fibrin microthrombi were less prominent in pulmonary vessels. Fibrin deposition associated with intravascular coagulation may be an important factor mediating thrombin-induced increases in pulmonary transvascular fluid and protein exchange. PMID- 6549183 TI - Liposome immune lysis assay (LILA): a simple method to measure anti-protein antibody using protein antigen-bearing liposomes. AB - A new simple immunoassay technique using immune lysis of liposomes was developed to measure antibody against protein antigens. Multilamellar liposomes were composed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and phosphatidylethanolamine substituted with the hetero-bifunctional cross-linking reagent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). The protein antigen (human IgG) was coupled to these liposomes after treatment with SPDP and mild reduction. As a release marker, carboxyfluorescein (CF) was entrapped in the liposomes. The CF release was specific to anti-human IgG antibody and depended on the presence of complement. This technique could detect 10(-15) mol of anti-human IgG antibody or human IgG. The liposomes were stable over 8 months at 4 degrees C under nitrogen gas. PMID- 6549182 TI - Computer technology for autistic students. AB - The first purpose of this article is to review the literature related to the use of computers with autistic individuals. Although only a limited number of applications have been reported, the potential of the computer to facilitate the progress of autistic persons is promising. The second purpose is to identify specific learning problems or styles associated with autism from the research literature and link these with the unique aspects of computer-based instruction. For example, the computer's role in improving the motivation of autistic individuals is related to its capacity to analyze the reinforcing qualities of a particular event interactively and immediately for each user. Finally, recommendations that may enable computers to be maximally beneficial in assessing the learning process and remediating learning problems are offered. Two such recommendations are selecting appropriate software and integrating computer instruction within the classroom environment. PMID- 6549184 TI - [A case of plasma cell dyscrasia with polyneuropathy and endocrinopathy coexistent with chronic thyroiditis and Castleman lymphoma]. PMID- 6549185 TI - Synthesis and dopaminergic activity of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-n propylpyrrolidine hydrobromide. AB - 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1-n-propylpyrrolidine hydrobromide was synthesized by a six-step reaction sequence and was evaluated, and compared with apomorphine, for central dopaminergic agonist activity. The compound produced behavioral and biochemical changes characteristic of central dopaminergic stimulation. Administration of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-n-propylpyrrolidine hydrobromide to rats resulted in the reversal of the reserpine syndrome, stereotypic behavior, contralateral turning following 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra, a decrease in dopamine turnover, and inhibition of prolactin release. These results indicate that 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-n-propylpyrrolidine hydrobromide is a dopaminergic agonist. However, the compound exhibited a lower potency but a slightly longer duration of action than apomorphine. PMID- 6549186 TI - [Results of modified LSA2L2 therapy in children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6549187 TI - [Combination chemotherapy (modified M-2 protocol) for multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6549188 TI - [Endoscopic treatment of digestive cancers with Nd-YAG laser and argon dye laser]. PMID- 6549189 TI - [Laser endoscopic treatment of early stomach cancer]. PMID- 6549190 TI - [Appraisal of therapeutic agents for peptic ulcer by continuous intragastric pH monitoring]. PMID- 6549191 TI - [Measurement of anti-thyroxine antibody in the serum using a labeled-thyroxine analog]. PMID- 6549192 TI - Effects of a short period exposure of fenitrothion on the reproduction of pregnant females of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata. PMID- 6549193 TI - [Improvement in precision of QRS pattern recognition in Holter electrocardiography]. PMID- 6549194 TI - Dietary calcium and serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations as determinants of calcium balance in healthy men. AB - We previously reported that experimental elevations of serum 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D [1,25-(OH)2-D] concentrations produced by the chronic oral administration of calcitriol, 0.75 micrograms every 6 hr, to healthy human males eating diets providing only 4 mmoles Ca/day stimulate net bone resorption as evidenced by more negative Ca balances and higher rates of urinary hydroxyproline excretion. To determine whether increased dietary Ca intake modifies this response we have compared serum 1,25-(OH)2-D and iPTH concentrations, Ca and PO4 balances, and urinary hydroxyproline excretion in three healthy human males adapted to diets providing 22.3 +/- 1.3 mmoles Ca/day and three healthy human males adapted to diets providing 9.3 +/- 0.7 mmoles Ca/day before and during the continuous oral administration of calcitriol 0.5 micrograms every 6 hr. For all six subjects, serum 1,25-(OH)2-D levels averaged 89 +/- 25 pM during control and 143 +/- 26 pM during calcitriol. Net intestinal Ca absorption and urinary Ca excretion rose during calcitriol but Ca balances did not change, averaging +2.2 +/- 2.2 mmoles/day during control and +4.3 +/- 2.2 mmoles/day during calcitriol for the subjects fed 22 mmoles Ca/day and -1.6 +/- 1.5 mmoles Ca/day during control and 1.7 +/- 2.0 mmoles Ca/day during calcitriol for the subjects fed 9 mmoles Ca/day. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion also did not change. Thus, when serum 1,25-(OH)2 D levels are elevated, the availability of dietary Ca appears to prevent more negative Ca balances and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion suggesting that net bone resorption is not stimulated. PMID- 6549195 TI - [Thermography in the complex examination of patients with thyroid pathology]. PMID- 6549196 TI - [B-activin and immunocorrection]. PMID- 6549197 TI - [Diagnosis of disorders of intestinal motor function in children with acute appendicitis using phonoenterography]. PMID- 6549198 TI - An enzymatic method for the analysis of formate in human plasma. AB - An enzymatic method for the determination of plasma formate concentration is described. Formate dehydrogenase is used to reduce NAD+ to NADH in the presence of formate. The resulting NADH then reduces the dye resazurin to resorufin, a reaction catalyzed by the endogenous diaphorase of the plasma. The generated resorufin is then measured fluorimetrically by exciting it at 565 nm and quantitating the emitted light at 590 nm. The method uses the patient's plasma as the blank and as the matrix for the construction of a patient-specific formate calibration curve. The blank contains all components of the assay system except the formate dehydrogenase. Formate concentration is determined from the calibration curve, constructed by adding known quantities of sodium formate to the plasma base, and plotting the fluorescence intensity against formate concentration. The assay which is sensitive to a formate level of 7 mg/L should find application in cases where formate is a metabolite. PMID- 6549199 TI - Computers in paediatrics. 12. Computer programme for partial correlations. PMID- 6549200 TI - Initial Iowa results with the multichannel cochlear implant from Melbourne. AB - Two subjects who use the Melbourne multichannel cochlear implant were studied. Live-voice word, consonant, and vowel recognition tests, and a speech-tracking task were administered at regular intervals during the first 90 days after implantation. Results indicated 30-50% correct recognition of vowels (given 9 alternatives) and about 30-60% correct recognition of consonants (given 12 alternatives). Speech tracking showed from two to three times faster rates with the implant and vision compared to a vision-alone condition. After 3-4 months of implant experience, a number of recorded tests from the Minimal Auditory Capabilities battery and the Iowa Cochlear-Implant tests were then administered. These results indicated about 80% recognition of everyday sounds in a five-choice closed-set condition and about 50% recognition of everyday sounds in an open-set condition. The subjects were 50% correct at identifying the accented words in a sentence and about 50% correct at determining the number of syllables in a word. One subject was unable to recognize a sentence as a statement or a question. Background noise (+10 dB S/N) reduced their performance on a four-choice spondee test to chance. Both subjects were able to identify a sound as either a voice or a modulated noise at 95% correct, and both could recognize speaker sex at 95% correct. Neither could discriminate whether two (successive) sentences were spoken by the same speaker or by two different speakers. Remarkably, one subject identified 45% and the other 85% of the words in sentences that were preceded by a contextual picture using sound alone. One subject identified 13% of the words in sentences in sound alone even without contextual information. PMID- 6549201 TI - Significance of immunological, cytochemical and immunohistochemical methods in the diagnosis of malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6549202 TI - Enzymes and survival. AB - Age related deficits in enzyme systems, such as those which control lipid metabolism and hence provoke cardiovascular pathologies, can be reversed by replacement therapy either by-passing the enzyme by supplying the product of its reaction or by administering the enzyme itself. There are difficulties associated with enzyme therapy associated with their high molecular weight and protein reactions. Our enzyme preparation which has been shown to be effective in modifying plasma lipid profiles in atherosclerotics, is Vasolastine. Following intramuscular administration of elderly subjects it reduces the circulating cholesterol in the 75-80 age group by 13% but at the extremes of the age range (60-75 and 80-95) increases the level by between 1.5% and 5.0%. HDL-cholesterol levels, however, are raised by 5% over the whole age range. The effect of these changes is to lower the ratio of total plasma cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol at all ages up to the end of the 9th decade by approximately 6%, whereas at ages above 80 years the enzyme preparation lowers the value of the ratio by less than 3%. Since high values of this ratio correlate with a high risk of coronary disease, it may be inferred that over the lower part of this elderly age range Vasolastine reduces the risk, whereas at higher ages when the risk in untreated subjects is lower, the protective effect of the enzyme preparation is less pronounced. PMID- 6549203 TI - [Synergic action of molsidomine and atenolol in patients with exertion angina. Cycloergometric study]. PMID- 6549204 TI - Inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in isolated adipocytes by 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2 furoic acid. AB - The compound 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA), a hypolipidemic agent, inhibits fatty acid synthesis, lactate and pyruvate accumulation and CO2 release in isolated rat adipocytes. TOFA stimulates the accumulation of citrate. ATP levels are not lowered by TOFA. In comparison with the natural fatty acid, oleate, TOFA exhibited a much greater inhibitory effect on lipogenesis. TOFyl-CoA formation within intact adipocytes was demonstrated. Although not inhibited by TOFA, acetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by TOFyl-CoA. It is proposed that many of the metabolic effects of TOFA in isolated adipocytes can be explained by TOFyl CoA inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. TOFA inhibits glycolysis as a secondary event with the primary event of inhibition of fatty acid synthesis causing an accumulation of citrate which is an inhibitor of phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6549205 TI - Lung surfactant phospholipids in different animal species. AB - A comparative study of adult mammalian lung surfactants was undertaken to determine which animal species might serve as appropriate models for surfactant alterations in human lung diseases. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) comprised 80-87% of the phospholipid and contained more than 65% palmitic acid in all species studied. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was found to vary significantly in fatty acid composition among the species. Rabbit, dog and rat surfactant PG contained 50-60% palmitic acid, while human and cat surfactant contained much lower levels of saturated fatty acids. Both the PC and PG of all species contained 2 positional isomers of fatty acids with 16 carbons and one double bond, but the relative amounts of the unusual isomer, 16:1 delta 7, and palmitoleic acid, 16:1 delta 9, varied among the different animal species. Only cat and dog surfactant phospholipids contained 18:1 delta 5. Cat surfactant phospholipids also differed by the absence of 20:4 and the presence of small amounts of several 20- and 22 carbon fatty acids. These results explain some discrepancies found in the literature concerning surfactant composition and delineate limiting factors in extrapolating results from animal studies for the evaluation of maturation and pathological alterations in human surfactant. PMID- 6549206 TI - [Clinical aspects of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in children]. PMID- 6549207 TI - Hypothermia induced by centrally administered vasopressin in rats. A structure activity study. AB - Vasopressin and related peptides cause short-lasting hypothermia when injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat. In the present study, the structure activity relationships for the induction of this effect were examined. For the agonist peptides studies, the structural requirements were found to be similar to those required to cause peripheral vasoconstriction ant to induce behavioral excitation in mice. However, an antagonist of the pressor and behavioral effects of vasopressin was ineffective in antagonizing the hypothermic response. Moreover, this analog and another pressor antagonist themselves caused hypothermia. Comparison with the structure-activity relationships for other effects on the central nervous system strongly suggests that the hypothermic response is unrelated to the effects of vasopressin on consolidation of memory, development of tolerance to drugs, and mechanisms of reinforcement. PMID- 6549208 TI - Effect of pirenzepine on apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion in man. PMID- 6549210 TI - Synthesis, structure, and hypochromism of (2,9)(6,9)purinophane. AB - The title compound 1 was synthesized via 8 steps from phthalimide derivative 2. The molecular structure of 1 was determined by X-ray analysis and the relationship between the hypochromism and the stacking mode of two purine rings was discussed. PMID- 6549209 TI - Comparison of the effects of betamethasone and L-carnitine on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine content and phosphatidylcholine species composition in fetal rat lungs. AB - Antepartum administration of L-carnitine to pregnant rats results in an increase of both total phospholipid (80 +/- 11 mg/g dry weight (dw); mean +/- SD) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) content (7.7 +/- 2.1 mg/g dw) in fetal lungs as compared to controls (72 +/- 10 and 7.0 +/- 2.5 mg/g dw, respectively). On the other hand, no effect of L-carnitine could be demonstrated on the DPPC portion in the total phosphatidylcholine (PC) or on the portion of palmitic acid in the PC fatty acids. Betamethasone elevated the DPPC content in fetal lungs (8.1 +/- 2.0 versus 7.0 +/- 2.5 mg/g dw in the controls), while total phospholipid content remained unaffected (71 +/- 19 versus 72 +/- 10 mg/g dw). The portion of DPPC in the PC species increased significantly (p less than 0.01) from 27.6 +/- 4.5 in the fetal lungs of the control group to 34.2 +/- 3.3 in the lungs of the betamethasone-treated group, while the palmitic acid portion in the PC fatty acids was nearly unchanged (45.9 +/- 3.2 versus 43.9 +/- 2.6 in the controls). Further, after betamethasone treatment, a significant diminution (p less than 0.01) of the monoenic PC 32 species (palmitoyl-palmitoleyl PC and palmitoleyl-palmitoyl-PC) and the PC 34 species (consisting primarily of palmitoyl-oleoyl-PC) could be demonstrated both in absolute and relative terms. This is in agreement with a significant reduction of the portions of palmitoleic (p less than 0.01) and oleic (p less than 0.05) acids in the total PC fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6549211 TI - [Mechanism of the development of pulmonary changes in acute pancreatitis in humans (selected problems)]. PMID- 6549212 TI - [Morphoendoscopy comparisons and analysis of bronchoalveolar washings in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6549214 TI - [An assembly of personal computer-based scalers and their application]. PMID- 6549213 TI - Utilization of heavy-atom effect quenching of pyrene fluorescence to determine the intramembrane distribution of halothane. PMID- 6549215 TI - [Intestinal pseudo-obstruction as a manifestation of hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6549216 TI - [Changes in the nutritional availability of various nutrients after treatment with pirenzepin (an anti-muscarinic agent)]. PMID- 6549217 TI - 4th European meeting on "Plasma proteins in clinical diagnosis." Milano, October 5th-7th, 1983. PMID- 6549218 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and lymphocyte subsets in bronchial-washing liquid. PMID- 6549219 TI - Postoperative changes of protein C, a recently described inhibitor of blood coagulation. PMID- 6549220 TI - Treatment with stanozolol of type I protein C deficiency in an Italian family. AB - Functional and immunological assays specific for protein C were employed in the study of a family with congenital protein C deficiency associated with venous thromboembolism. By both assays, four members of the family belonging to two generations had half-normal PC levels. These findings, as well as the normal mobility of the protein in crossed immunoelectrophoresis, suggest that PC deficiency in this family is due to the decreased synthesis of a functionally normal protein. In one member of the family oral administration of the anabolic steroid stanozolol increased PC levels until normal values, suggesting that the defect can be overcome by pharmacological stimulation of protein synthesis. PMID- 6549221 TI - [Treatment of meniscus lesions in athletes]. PMID- 6549222 TI - [Middle meniscal sprain]. PMID- 6549223 TI - [Malignant tumors of the ovaries in young people]. PMID- 6549224 TI - [An international educational focus on venereal diseases]. PMID- 6549225 TI - [Structural and functional basis of lesions of the medial meniscus of the knee]. PMID- 6549227 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases and homosexuality. PMID- 6549226 TI - Comparative rates of sexually transmitted diseases among heterosexual men, homosexual men, and heterosexual women. AB - The prevalences of several sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among patients attending a public STD clinic were determined in a prospective study. Rates of gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, trichomoniasis, nongonococcal urethritis, pediculosis pubis, scabies, and venereal warts were ascertained according to sex, sexual preference, and race. Numbers of cases of diseases not routinely reported to most public health agencies exceeded numbers of cases of diseases that are routinely reported. Rates of gonorrhea were higher among men than among women and higher among blacks than among whites. Syphilis was most common among homosexual men. Trichomoniasis was three times more frequent among blacks than among whites. Rates of nongonococcal urethritis among heterosexual men were almost twice those among homosexual men. Whites were more likely than blacks to have pediculosis pubis, scabies, and venereal warts. STD not routinely reported to most public health agencies are commonly seen in public clinics, and rates vary according to sex, sexual preference, and race. PMID- 6549228 TI - International symposium on thiamphenicol and sexually transmitted diseases. Istanbul, Turkey, April 14-15, 1983. PMID- 6549229 TI - [Immunogenesis and hemostasis in patients with exacerbated chronic glomerulonephritis treated with thymalin]. PMID- 6549230 TI - [Tumor progression in chronic lympholeukemia]. AB - Tumor progression associated with chronic lympholeukemia is an extreme rarity. The clinico-morphological types of malignant transformation include Richter's syndrome marked by a dramatic increase of the size of one or several lymph nodes, spleen, appearance of extranodal tumors, fever, the signs of intoxication, frequent reduction in the blood leukocyte count or hemogram normalization. Biopsy specimens of neoplasms show cells uncommon to the typical version of chronic lympholeukemia (blasts, histiocytes, and so forth). In rarely occurring "prolymphocytoid" transformation in the phase of marked progression of CLL as shown by the hemogram, the myelogram demonstrates a great number of prolymphocytes of the monoclonal origin with small lymphocytes of the chronic phase. During transformation according to the lymphoblastic type (two case reports described in the literature), the blasts showed the phenotype of small lymphocytes. Early diagnosis of tumor progression in CLL requires that the treatment be carried out according to the protocols for lymphosarcomas. PMID- 6549231 TI - Protein C level at birth. AB - The protein C level was determined, on cord blood, for 30 healthy newborns by electro-immuno assay using a monospecific antiserum. For the newborns the mean level of protein C related antigen is about one third of normal adults' mean level. There is a good correlation between Protein C related antigen and prothrombin related antigen. The low level of these vitamin-K-dependent proteins is probably a consequence of partial liver immaturity at birth. Using two dimensional immuno-electrophoresis we were unable to detect subcarboxylated forms of protein C. However these abnormal forms could be seen in vitamin-K deficiencies of neonates. PMID- 6549232 TI - L-asparaginase lowers protein C antigen. PMID- 6549233 TI - Protein C antigen during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. PMID- 6549234 TI - The fibrinolytic system in patients with congenital protein C deficiency. PMID- 6549235 TI - A comparative study of commercial PTT reagents in a PTT-based functional protein C assay. PMID- 6549236 TI - Comparative kinetics of oral benz(a)anthracene, chrysene and triphenylene in rats: study with hydrocarbon mixtures. AB - Distribution and elimination of benz(a)anthracene (B(a)A) was compared in blood, liver, brain, parametrial adipose and mammary tissue of young female rats after oral administration of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) singly or in equimolar mixtures with chrysene (Ch) or triphenylene (Tr). The relative availability of B(a)A in tissues was not influenced by Ch or Tr in the mixture. However, the presence of B(a)A halved the relative availability of Tr and raised that of Ch. The relative availability of the three isomers decreased in the order Tr greater than B(a)A greater than Ch; this may be correlated to their solubility in water. PMID- 6549237 TI - Chick oviduct progesterone receptor binding of 15 beta, 17-dihydroxyprogesterone and its analogues. AB - We have tested derivatives of progesterone obtained by fermentation with Aspergillus giganteus for relative binding affinity for the progesterone receptor of chick oviduct. Our studies show that hydroxyl and oxo substitutents at C-11 and C-15 of progesterone significantly decrease the hormone's affinity for the progesterone receptor. The loss in affinity on introduction of a C-15 hydroxyl in 17-hydroxyprogesterone is restored by acetylation to 15 beta-acetoxy-17 hydroxyprogesterone. The latter compound may have some potential as an in vivo agent. PMID- 6549238 TI - VisiCalc and VisiPlot software routines and the analysis of data routinely encountered in steroid biochemistry. AB - The use of VisiCalc and VisiPlot software routines for performing calculations and graphing of data commonly encountered in steroid biochemistry is described. These software routines have utility and are relatively easy to use, requiring little or no programming experience. Use of these routines is demonstrated in terms of data processing associated with chromatography of receptor preparations and equilibrium binding analyses. The execution of these software routines is rapid and can result in a considerable savings of time and personnel. These and other generically similar software routines should have the greatest utility in laboratories where the experimental design is subject to on-going change. PMID- 6549239 TI - [Clinical usefulness of celiac plexus block]. PMID- 6549240 TI - [Effect of splenectomy on the leukocyte count during the treatment of children with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6549243 TI - [Experiences with the arthroscopic diagnosis of the knee joint]. AB - The authors report on their experiences gained in arthroscopic examinations of injured knee joints. To a high extent complaints leading to arthroscopy were due to pathological changes of the cartilage of the patella and medial condyle of the femur. PMID- 6549241 TI - Macrophage mediated resistance to Babesia microti in Nematospiroides dubius- infected mice. AB - Infection with the gastrointestinal nematode, Nematospiroides dubius, induced resistance to a concurrent infection with Babesia microti in mice. This enhanced resistance to B. microti occurred during infection with the larval, rather than the adult stages of N. dubius. Splenectomy or the injection of carrageenan or silica abrogated the protective effect against B. microti induced by infection with N. dubius. Peritoneal macrophages harvested from infected mice produced inhibition of the development of B. microti in vitro. This inhibition was greatest using macrophages harvested from mice recovered from infection with B. microti and from mice infected with the larval stages of N. dubius. Also, supernatants harvested from cultures of macrophages from N. dubius-infected mice suppressed B. microti development in vitro. PMID- 6549242 TI - [Hypertension as a standing challenge in our time]. PMID- 6549244 TI - [Effect of beta adrenergic drugs on phospholipid synthesis in the human fetal lung]. AB - Human fetal lungs originating from legal absortion (n:16) (8-12 weeks) were cultured for 3 weeks. The effects of beta-adrenergic and/or corticosteroid stimulation on the synthesis of osmiophilic lamellar bodies i.e. surfactant production in II type pneumocytes were studied. Fenoterol (10 ng/5 ml for 5 days) has no effect on the synthesis of lamellar bodies. Following dexamethasone treatment (10 ng/5 ml for 5 days) characteristic osmiophilic lamellar bodies appeared in the cytoplasm. If fenoterol and dexamethasone were applied together in the culture altered lamellar body structure could have been observed: the lamellar bodies had a large homogenous osmiophilic center and some parts of the osmiophilic material were found outside the lamellar bodies. It seems that the beta-adrenergic stimulation does not induce lamellar body synthesis, but it can play a role in the release of surfactant from the lamellar bodies into cytoplasm and alveolar space as well. PMID- 6549245 TI - Drugs recently released in Belgium. PMID- 6549246 TI - The effects of d-tubocurarine, pancuronium and atracurium on the responses of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles in the cat. AB - In vivo, the effects of d-tubocurarine (0.20 mg kg-1), pancuronium (0.015 mg kg 1) and atracurium (0.15 mg kg-1) on the responses of the indirectly stimulated cat gastrocnemius (fast) and soleus (slow) muscles to a twitch, train-of-four and tetanic stimuli were studied. The soleus muscle demonstrated a greater degree of fade than the gastrocnemius in response to tetanic stimuli (50 Hz). There was no difference between the responses of the two muscles to twitch or train-of-four stimuli with any of the drugs. Recovery of train-of-four ratio occurred more rapidly than did the tetanic fade ratio. At a time when train-of-four ratio exceeded 0.7, tetanic fade was still evident, especially in the soleus muscle. PMID- 6549247 TI - [Antifibrinolytic properties of 5(4'-aminobutyl)-2,4-diketothiazolidine hydrochloride]. PMID- 6549248 TI - Statistical and graphical methods of isocratic solvent selection for optimal separation in liquid chromatography. PMID- 6549249 TI - [YAG-ECCE; a method of planned extracapsular cataract extraction with an anterior capsulotomy by Nd: YAG laser]. PMID- 6549251 TI - [Application of computerized spectral analysis to the study of ocular motility. Pursuit movements]. PMID- 6549250 TI - Absence of day to day variation in lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy humans. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were determined by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies T11, T4, T8 and B1 on three different days in a group of thirteen normal subjects. Although there was considerable intersubject variation, the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations as well as absolute numbers did not differ within the same subject over the three days tested, showing that lymphocyte subpopulation proportions and absolute numbers are stable characteristics of the healthy subject. PMID- 6549252 TI - Effect of ivermectin on performance of beef cattle on Georgia pastures. AB - A total of 469 cows and calves from 2 herds, each on 6 pastures, was used to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy and animal-performance benefits of ivermectin given subcutaneously at a dosage of 200 micrograms/kg to nursing beef calves and their dams during a grazing season. Pastures were paired across the 2 herds. Three pasture groups from 1 herd were randomly assigned to either a nonmedicated control or to a medicated group. Treatment assignments were reversed in the other herd. The control groups comprised 110 cows and 108 calves, whereas 127 cows and 124 calves were treated with ivermectin (200 micrograms/kg). The cows were treated once, in late spring, and the calves were treated twice, once in late spring and again in midsummer. Cattle from one herd were weighed on days - 12, 21, 49, 77 (day of 2nd treatment for calves), and 105, and the other herd was weighed on days - 6, 23, 57, 86 (day of 2nd treatment for calves), and 113. Rectal fecal samples for nematode egg counts were obtained from approximately 25% of the cattle in each pasture on weighing days; usually, the same cattle were sampled each time. Calves treated with ivermectin gained (P less than 0.05) more weight than control calves up to the 2nd treatment date and up to the termination of the study. There was no significant difference between treated and control cows, with regard to weight gain over either interval. Treated calves had fewer positive fecal egg counts (P less than 0.01) and passed fewer eggs (P less than 0.05) after both treatments than did control calves. There were no differences in either number of eggs or number of negative cows between treatment groups. Adverse reactions attributable to treatment were not seen. PMID- 6549253 TI - [Computer program for the processing of data collected during therapeutic trials in psychiatry]. AB - A computer program is described which has been developed over several years and allows for the easy processing of psychiatric data gathered in clinical trials. It provides user-defined parametrization of a computer-aided data entry system, the use of the program created to input data to the computer and the data processing of the data collected either through modifications of the file created or by statistical analysis, the procedures of which have been simplified to enable its performance even by lay people. PMID- 6549254 TI - [Effect of amphotericin B on the diuretic action of diacarb and various indicators of water-salt metabolism in healthy and tumor-bearing animals]. AB - The experiments with albino rats, Wistar rats and SHK mice showed that the combined use of amphotericin B and diacarb markedly potentiated the effect of the latter: the amount of the urine excreted within 6 h and the renal excretion of sodium ions increased 1.8 and 1.5 times, respectively. Analogous trends were observed in the experiments with stabilization of the animal water balance by 2 per cent water loading. The studies on rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma showed that the diuresis level in the tumor-bearing animals was 3 times lower than that in healthy rats. The treatment with 5-fluorouracil lowered this index more significantly. With the use of amphotericin B, diacarb and their combination the urination level came to normal. The cyclophosphamide therapy of mice with sarcoma 180 was accompanied by accumulation of water in the tumor tissue. The combined use of the cytostatic with the polyenic antibiotic and diuretic resulted in a significant lowering of this index. In rats with Walker-256 carcinosarcoma, the treatment with the above three drugs lowered the sodium ion concentration and increased the calcium ion concentration in the tumor tissue. At the same time the electrolyte level in some organs not affected with malignant tumor (spleen, thymus, liver and adrenal glands) returned to normal. PMID- 6549255 TI - [Intensification of tumor acidification in artificial hyperglycemia using inorganic phosphate]. AB - Using pH glass microelectrodes with maximum diameters of 100-200 micron (sensitivity 55-60 mV/pH unit at 37 degrees C; drift 0,001-0,002 pH unit/hr) pH has been measured in transplanted tumors (Guerin carcinoma, Pliss lymphosarcoma, Krocker sarcoma) and in muscle under artificial hyperglycaemia. We showed the ability of inorganic phosphate to amplify the process of acidification of the tumor tissue under these conditions. Using inorganic phosphate it was possible to reach pH values of 4,6-5,0 in different experimental tumors. PMID- 6549256 TI - [Rare complication following meniscectomy]. PMID- 6549257 TI - Xanthine oxidase and triglycerides in serum of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, type IV. AB - Xanthine oxidase activity was studied in patients with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV. A significant increase of this enzyme as compared with normals was found. Furthermore, a positive correlation between xanthine oxidase and triglycerides has been observed. This explains the hyperuricemia commonly found in hypertriglyceridemic patients of Type IV. PMID- 6549258 TI - Phospholipids in tracheal effluent from infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The physiologic aberration that causes abnormal alveolar surface tension in the lungs of infants with RDS was investigated by measuring relative quantities of surfactant-related phospholipids in tracheal effluent from infants with RDS. A preliminary study in premature lambs demonstrated that the percent DSPC (molar ratio of DSPC to total phospholipid) is similar in tracheal effluent and lung lavagate. The percent DSPC in tracheal effluent from human infants with RDS was similar to the percent DSPC in effluent from non-RDS infants on the first day of life (47.4% +/- 2.9 vs 46.7% +/- 1.2), and remained constant during the first 8 days of life. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) was universally absent in effluent from RDS infants on the first and second day of life but appeared by the eighth day of life in all infants who remained intubated. PG was present in tracheal effluent from only 10 of 16 non-RDS infants on the first day of life. These findings suggest that, in regard to the surface-active lecithin content, surfactant from RDS infants is qualitatively normal and that the absence of RDS is not dependent on the presence of PG. PMID- 6549259 TI - Intracerebroventricular application of a vasopressin antagonist peptide prevents the behavioral actions of vasopressin. AB - Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the memory-improving properties of peripherally-applied vasopressin (AVP) were related to its aversive (i.e. arousing) actions. The memory effects of AVP were observed in a one-trial food-finding task where non-deprived rats were briefly exposed to a large open field that contained an alcove in which a high-incentive familiar food reward (sweetened milk) was freely available. AVP injections immediately upon removal from the open-field produced faster latencies to refind the alcove (compared to vehicle controls) when tested 48 h later. The aversive actions of AVP were demonstrated in two behavioral assays: (1) a conditioned taste aversion test in which rats learned to avoid a preferred saccharin solution after it had been paired with injections of AVP; and (2) a conditioned place test in which rats learned to avoid a distinctive environment associated with AVP administration. Both the memory and aversive responses to AVP were prevented, in a dose-dependent manner, by immediate pretreatment with intracerebroventricular infusions of the pressor antagonist analog 1-deaminopenicillamine-2-(O-methyl)-tyrosine AVP. The large antagonist doses required to block AVP's behavioral effects suggest that the critical site of action may be far removed from the lateral ventricles. The possibility that AVP-induced improvements in memory result from peripheral arousing actions is discussed. PMID- 6549260 TI - Normal physical and mental development of 6-year-old children whose mothers were treated antenatally with prednisolone. AB - 83 prednisolone-treated and 57 control children of a previous study demonstrating benefits of antenatal steroid prophylaxis of IRDS were reexamined at the age of 6 years. The prednisolone children were slightly higher and heavier, but no significant differences between steroid and control groups were noted in any other characteristics including IQ, psychosocial development, EEG, ophthalmology and audiology. THe results confirm the finding that antenatal steroid prophylaxis has no long-term hazards to the fetus. PMID- 6549261 TI - Purification of myosin light chain kinase from Limulus muscle. AB - It has previously been shown that the regulatory light chains of myosin from Limulus, the horseshoe crab, can be phosphorylated either by purified turkey gizzard smooth muscle myosin light chain (MLC) kinase or by a crude kinase fraction prepared from Limulus muscle [Sellers, J. R. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 9274-9278]. This phosphorylation was shown to be associated with a 20-fold increase in the actin-activated MgATPase activity of the myosin. We have now purified the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent MLC kinase from Limulus muscle to near homogeneity by using a combination of low ionic strength extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 and DEAE-Sephacel. The final purification was achieved by affinity chromatography on a calmodulin Sepharose 4B column. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed 95% of the protein to be comprised of a doublet with Mr = 39000 and 37000. Electrophoresis of the kinase fraction under nondenaturing conditions resulted in a partial separation of the two major bands and demonstrated that each had catalytic activity. An SDS-polyacrylamide gel overlayed with 125I-calmodulin demonstrated that both the Mr 39K and the Mr 37K proteins bind calmodulin. Neither of the bands could be phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. With Limulus myosin light chains as a substrate, the Vmax was 15.4 mumol min-1 mg-1, and the Km was 15.6 microM. The KD for calmodulin was determined to be 6 nM. The enzyme did not phosphorylate histones, casein, actin, or tropomyosin. PMID- 6549262 TI - Interactions of H1 and H5 histones with polynucleotides of B- and Z-DNA conformations. AB - Interactions of chicken H1 and H5 histones with poly(dA-dT), poly(dG-dC), and the Z-DNA structure brominated poly(dG-dC) were measured by a nitrocellulose filter binding assay and circular dichroism. At low protein:DNA ratios, both H1 and H5 bound more Z-DNA than B-DNA, and binding of Z-DNA was less sensitive to interference by an increase in ionic strength (to 600 mM NaCl). H5 histone bound a higher percentage of all three polynucleotides than did H1 and caused more profound CD spectral changes as well. For spectral studies, histones and DNA were mixed in 2.0 M NaCl and dialyzed stepwise to low ionic strength. Prepared in this way or by direct mixing in 150 mM NaCl, complexes made with right-handed poly(dG dC) showed a deeply negative psi spectrum (deeper with H5 than with H1). Complexes of histone and Br-poly(dG-dC) showed a reduction in the characteristic Z-DNA spectral features, with H5 again having a greater effect. Complexes of poly(dA-dT) and H5, prepared by mixing them at a protein:DNA ratio of 0.5, displayed a distinctive spectrum that was not achieved with H1 even at higher protein:DNA ratios. It included a new negative band at 287 nm and a large positive band at 255 nm, giving the appearance of an inverted spectrum relative to spectra of various forms of B-DNA. These findings may reflect an ability of the different lysine-rich histones to cause varying conformational changes in the condensation of chromatin in DNA regions of highly biased base sequence. PMID- 6549263 TI - Use of ribonucleosides as protecting groups in synthesis of polynucleotides with phosphorylated terminals. AB - Two new protected 5'-ribonucleotides, 2'3'-O-bis(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)uridine 5' (4-chlorophenyl phosphate) and 2',3'-O-(methoxymethylene)uridine 5'-(4 chlorophenyl phosphate), form the basis of a chemical procedure for phosphorylating the 5'-ends of DNA fragments synthesized by the phosphotriester approach. Condensation of either of these mononucleotide units with the free 5' hydroxyl of an otherwise fully protected oligomer results in high-yield formation of a 5'-5' triester linkage. Subsequently, the terminal ribonucleotide of the deprotected product rU5'-5'd(N-Nn-N) can be cleaved by periodate oxidation of its 2',3'-cis-hydroxyl system followed by beta-elimination, leaving its phosphate attached to the 5'-hydroxyl group of the oligodeoxyribonucleotide. This procedure together with a tactic employing a 2',3'-O-acylribonucleotide residue at the 3' terminus of the chain allows the synthesis of oligomers possessing monophosphate groups at either end or both ends. Furthermore, oligonucleotide intermediates possessing a 5'-5'-linked uridine terminal are shown to have a special application as acceptors in RNA ligase reactions, where the presence of the ribonucleoside cap on the 5'-phosphate limits ligation specifically to the 3' ends of the oligomers. Removal of the uridine residues to expose free 5' phosphates would then enable the products to participate as donors in further elongation reactions. PMID- 6549264 TI - Selective nitration of tyrosines-26 and -64 in bacteriorhodopsin with tetranitromethane. AB - Nitration of tyrosine-26 at pH 9.0 in bacteriorhodopsin does not change its absorption spectrum but lowers the apparent pK of the alkaline transition to a blue-shifted chromophore from about pH 12.0 to 10.6. This effect is reversed by reducing the nitrotyrosine-26 to aminotyrosine which demonstrates that the protonation state of tyrosine-26 and the alkaline chromophore transition are correlated. Nitration of tyrosine-64 resulted in a shift of the purple complex from 570 to 535 nm at neutral pH. The alkaline transition pK of such a nitrated membrane was below 10 but was clearly independent of the protonation state of tyrosine-64 because it is not reversed by reduction of the nitrotyrosine. Nitrotyrosine-26 showed spectral properties similar to L-nitrotyrosine in aqueous environment while nitrotyrosine-64 showed only a 360-nm absorbance in the apomembrane but not in the retinal-containing membrane. Both tyrosines are accessible to water-soluble reagents. PMID- 6549265 TI - Versatility in computer automation for biofeedback: the behavioral assessment and rehabilitative training system (BARTS). AB - User versatility in a system for computer-automated biofeedback training is the degree to which the assessment and training parameters may be altered by the user's employing English language or other simple code, that is, without altering the system's applications software. The Behavioral Assessment and Rehabilitative Training System (BARTS) includes a design and control program that allows for the specification of assessment and training protocols by persons who are entirely lacking in computer programming skills. This paper describes the logic for data acquisition and training that is incorporated in the BARTS, describes the parameters that must be specified in constituting unique assessment or training protocols, and illustrates the system's application in a research-oriented biofeedback clinic. PMID- 6549266 TI - [Conjugated dinitrocompound dianions as inhibitors of the oxidative deamination of monoamines]. AB - The conjugated derivatives--1.4-dinitrobutene-2, 1,4-dinitro-2-methylbutene-2, 1,4-dinitro-2,3-diphenylbutene-2 sodium salts, as well as dinitromethane sodium salt and beta-nitrostyrol, the inhibitors of oxidative deamination of serotonin, tyramine, tryptamine and benzylamine in bovine liver mitochondria, were studied. All the derivatives under study were found to be active inhibitors of monoamine oxidase catalyzing the oxidative deamination of serotonin, tyramine and tryptamine. In a far lesser degree these preparations inhibited the deamination of benzylamine, a specific substrate for monoamine oxidase B. All the dinitrocompound dianions, with the exception of 1,4-dinitro-2,3-diphenylbutene-2 disodium salt, a non-competitive inhibitor of oxidative deamination of the four substrates under study, cause competitive reversible inhibition of monoamine oxidase. PMID- 6549267 TI - Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling and simulation using the electrical circuit simulation program SPICE2. AB - The use of the electrical circuit simulation program SPICE2 for performing digital computer simulations of linear and non-linear pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic models is described. SPICE2 utilizes the principles of network thermodynamics (thermodynamics of electrical circuits). These principles dictate analogy between the conservation laws of chemical reactions and mass transport and Kirchhoff's laws of current and voltage balance, and also prove that Fick's law of diffusion is isomorphous with the conductance form of Ohm's law. Detailed descriptions of program inputs, formats, and options for simulation of linear and non-linear pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic systems are provided, with appropriate examples. Single as well as multiple dose simulations (accumulation kinetics and dynamics) are discussed. The advantages of SPICE2 over other available simulation packages, including user-friendliness, ease of operation, versatility, power, and the economy of time and effort afforded, are emphasized. The educational value of SPICE2 as a highly versatile tool for teaching both fundamental and complex pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic concepts, as well as its routine usage in elucidating complex research problems, are also discussed. PMID- 6549268 TI - Effect of liposomal surface charge on the pharmacokinetics of an encapsulated model compound. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 3H-Triamcinolone Acetonide-21-palmitate entrapped in liposomes with neutral, negative and positive surface charge was investigated in the male New Zealand White rabbit after a single intravenous bolus injection. Drug concentration-time data monitored in whole blood showed bi-exponential decay and were analysed by a least-squares regression analysis procedure to obtain pertinent pharmacokinetic parameters. The significance of the observed differences in the pharmacokinetics after administration of each type of liposome was assessed by the Analysis of Variance test method. Significant differences (p less than 0.05) were found in alpha, beta, (t 0.5)alpha, K12, and Vc. Positive liposomes apparently encountered a larger initial apparent volume of distribution than the neutral or negative type, and consequently exhibited demonstrably lower initial blood drug concentration, (Cb)0. Liposomes with different surface properties were removed from circulation at different rates and this resulted in significant difference (p less than 0.01) in the concentration of circulating liposomes an hour following injection of each type of liposome. A mean of 66 per cent of the initial concentration of positive liposomes remained in circulation an hour after injection whereas 11 and 23 per cent respectively of the neutral and negative type remained in circulation during the same time period. Liposomes with different surface properties apparently exhibited similar total body clearance of the encapsulated compound. PMID- 6549269 TI - An anterograde-retrograde transneuronal transport of conjugates of wheat germ agglutinin with horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP): labeling of neurons in the reticular nucleus of the thalamus with WGA-HRP injected into the posterior column nuclei in the cat. AB - Neuronal cell bodies in the reticular thalamic nucleus (R) were labeled with wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) which was injected contralaterally into the posterior column nuclei (PCN) in the cat. The tracer was assumed to be transported to the posterolateral ventral thalamic nucleus (VPL), where it could escape from axon terminals of the PCN neurons and then be taken up by axon terminals of R neurons to label retrogradely the cell bodies of the R neurons. PMID- 6549271 TI - Studies on the constituents of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. II. Major sapogenol and a prosapogenin from the fruits of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. PMID- 6549272 TI - Properties of beta-glucuronidase bound to p-aminophenyl 1-thio-beta-D glucopyranosiduronic acid-CH-sepharose 4B. PMID- 6549270 TI - The auricular myocardiocytes of the heart constitute an endocrine organ. Characterization of a porcine cardiac peptide hormone, cardiodilatin-126. AB - A peptide hormone was extracted from the porcine right atrium following a bioassay for differential vasorelaxant effects on smooth muscle strips from aorta and renal and inferior mesenteric arteries. The isolation procedure included several steps of gel-permeation and ion-exchange chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. During the isolation procedure, other peptides of smaller molecular weight were also found, which, in relation to cardiodilatin 126 (CDD-126), are shorter at their N-terminal. Among these, CDD-88 has also been isolated and characterized, and has been established as a prominent member of the cardiac hormone family. The N-terminal and C-terminal segments of the 126 amino acid-containing molecule were synthesized and used to raise region-specific antibodies. The natural peptide was then localized within myoendocrine cells of the right atrium where specific atrial granules are located. Renal effects of cardiodilation were studied in conscious dogs and showed strong diuretic and natriuretic activities. According to our functional studies, cardiodilatin-126 and cardiodilatin-88 possess qualities of a significant hormone family regarding the regulation of extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. PMID- 6549273 TI - [Arthrography of the operated meniscus]. AB - The authors performed 20 double contrast arthrographits in syntomatic patients after meniscectomy. The results demonstrate that the lesions occur more frequently in partially excised menisc compared with totally existed ones. In some cases no meniscal regeneration has been found for menisci excised 2 to 4 years before. PMID- 6549274 TI - [Behavior of antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies in thyroid pathology]. AB - The Authors report the behaviour of antithyroid and antimicrosomial antibodies in a group of 394 patients suffering from nodular struma, thyroid adenoma and carcinoma, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, other thyroidites and Basedow's disease. The autoimmune pathology (Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Basedow's disease) is joined to a higher frequency of positive titles for both antibodies. In such pathology we also meet the highest titles. In the non-autoimmune pathology the antimicrosomial antibodies are more frequently positive than the antithyroid ones. If one considers the behaviour of both antibodies, the specificness about the diagnosis of thyroiditis increases. PMID- 6549276 TI - A microprocessor based instrument for the spectral analysis of the EEG in anaesthesia. AB - An instrument for monitoring the frequency components contained in the electroencephalogram is described. The technique uses the fast Fourier transform which is implemented in a microprocessor controlled 'black box'. The control and display of the data are organised by a conventional microcomputer. The system is designed for use by practising anaesthetists in a district general hospital environment and is, therefore, inexpensive and simple to operate. The operation of the equipment is described and some limited results from early clinical trials are presented. PMID- 6549275 TI - Infectious involvements in males with Reiter's syndrome. AB - To obtain data on infectious involvements contributing to joint attacks in Reiter's syndrome (RS) 72 consecutive males with RS were investigated. Controls were 219 personally interviewed males. A history of some type of oro-naso pharyngeal or pulmonary infectious involvements were reported as often in the patients as in the controls, but the frequency of persons with a history of joint manifestations followed by these infections was significantly higher in the patients (23/72) than in the controls (8/219) (p less than 0.0001). Gastrointestinal involvements occurred only in a minority of cases as a triggering infection. Histories of prostatitis, gonorrhoea, condylomata acuminata, haematuria and trichomonas vaginalis infections were significantly more common in patients than in controls (p less than 0.001 - p less than 0.025). This finding, as well as evidence of chlamydial infection in 61%, speaks in favour of the importance of sexually transmitted diseases as an etiologic agent. A case report of triggering infections during the course of RS is given and the possible role of these infections in the immunopathogenesis in RS is discussed. PMID- 6549277 TI - Phonetic reduction of names. AB - The University of Alberta Hospitals, Edmonton, required an efficient phonetic reduction of names for accessing up to one-million patient records. The familiar Soundex methodology was enhanced, to provide some equating of beginning letters but somewhat greater discrimination beyond. The result was a potent 16-bit representation; an appropriate algorithm is provided. PMID- 6549278 TI - Conducting nonadaptive psychoacoustic or biomedical tests by means of an interactive program. AB - The program described in this paper was originally designed to generate the (synthetic) stimuli required for a large class of psychoacoustic tests. In our opinion, however, it may also be of interest in other fields of biomedical information processing. The applied computational techniques are standard in the field of digital signal processing, but the program is particular in its way of presenting signals, executing window operations, and describing the decision blocks to be presented during a test. Each decision block is a succession of stimuli and pauses, presented to obtain one judgement from the subject. PMID- 6549279 TI - Portable file management system in FORTRAN. AB - It has been generally considered that FORTRAN is inferior to MUMPS and other computer languages in its facility to manipulate files and that it is not satisfactorily competent to handle databases. However, it is our finding that FORTRAN is the most widely used language in patient data management systems discussed in recently published papers. Therefore, it now seems appropriate to review and evaluate the validity of this general belief. The objective of this study is to establish a file management system in FORTRAN 77 for use in the construction of a clinical database. Comparative study is conducted on several problems associated with file manipulation, that is, time requirement for file access and access methods for data retrieval. PMID- 6549280 TI - Detection of periodic signals in noise: an iterative procedure. AB - A method for detection and estimation of periodic signals in the presence of noise is described. The algorithm is an iterative improvement of the autoregressive-moving average estimation of a stochastic process and gives an exact frequency resolution of sinusoidal signals additively mixed with noise in a low signal-to-noise ratio only from a small number of measurements. The iterative improvement of the spectral estimation compared with other methods is demonstrated by examples. PMID- 6549281 TI - Computer based methodology for construction of orthodontic arch wire templates. AB - This paper presents the details and logic of two Fortran computer programs. The program, BRACKET, is designed to evaluate the constant relationship among teeth and orthodontic brackets to which an arch wire is adapted. The program, WIRE, is used to initially fit brackets to teeth using the constants derived in BRACKETS, based upon a series of orthogonal transformations. Subsequently, an orthodontic arch wire is fitted through the brackets, and the results are displayed using computer graphics. It is anticipated that the system would be useful in the orthodontic clinical setting as an aid in arch wire formation. The graphics produce a template which incorporates essential points to consider in arch wire formation, namely, perimeter length, lateral widths, symmetry, and appropriate arch form for the patient. PMID- 6549282 TI - VARCOV: a computer program for the distribution-free analysis of growth and response curves. AB - A FORTRAN computer program written to perform a distribution-free analysis of growth and response curves is described. The underlying statistical methodology is particularly applicable with incomplete observations, and in situations where parametric models for growth may not be appropriate. PMID- 6549283 TI - Data retrieval and analysis for radioimmunoassays. AB - A data retrieval and analysis system is described here which allows one to simplify and automate the collection of data for radioimmunoassays. The resulting data can be collected in a data summary format to provide the operator with clear, concise results. The software utilizes a Logit function to do regression analysis for results expressed in concentration of antibody, be it IgG, IgM or other, per milliliter of serum. This system allows the operator to do analysis on thousands of serum samples. PMID- 6549284 TI - Computer-assisted grain counting for autoradiography. AB - The two programs described here are designed to be used on the System III Image Analyser which partially automate the counting process of autoradiography and present the data in histogram form. The system has the advantages of low cost, accuracy and reproducibility. Although the programs are developed for grain counting, they can be easily adapted to perform other particle counting processes using the same system. PMID- 6549285 TI - Computation of the sedimentation coefficient, S0(20),w, from the analytical ultracentrifuge run by an interactive program on the Apple II microcomputer. AB - We have developed a computer program for the calculation of the sedimentation coefficient of a macromolecule from the raw data collected from an analytical ultracentrifuge run. The program is written for the Apple II microcomputer and is capable of calculating the sedimentation coefficient at an infinite dilution from the data collected at varying concentrations. PMID- 6549286 TI - Improvement in left ventricular function during treatment of hemodialysis patients with 25-OHD3. PMID- 6549287 TI - Computerized EM maps of surface spread polytene chromosomes 1 digitizing and plotting of banding patterns. AB - A standard plotting program for the band-interband pattern of polytene chromosome maps was written in EXTENDED BASIC for a pocket computer coupled to a plotter (Sharp PC-1500 + CE-150). In this program, the individual polytene structure (i.e. one chromosome band and its right-handed interband) was digitized using a set of variables: [A] band diameter, [B] band type (solid, dotted, straight or curved bands), [C] band thickness, [D] interband length, [E] interband as well as puff and Balbiani ring outlines, [R] radius (for curved bands), [W] sectioning (of the pattern in chromosome maps) and [V$] reference numbers. The general use of this technique was tested by digitizing and computerized plotting of data from hand-drawn chromosome maps in Chironomus and Drosophila. Electron micrographs of surface spread polytene (SSP) chromosomes from the salivary glands of Chironomus thummi larvae were used to digitize the pattern of region F1-4 in chromosome I. The computerized EM map of this region was compared with the LM map from chromosome squash preparations. PMID- 6549288 TI - The qualitative comparative analysis of the visual field using computer assisted, semi-automated and manual instrumentation: III. Clinical analysis. AB - A comparative evaluation of the Octopus automated perimeter (Programmes 21 and 31), the Goldmann Bowl perimeter, the Bjerrum Screen and the Friedmann VFAs Mk I and Mk II was carried out on a heterogeneous sample of 75 patients. Field loss was categorized using a modification of the classifications proposed by Greve (1982). The results were analysed using the Level 4 analysis developed by Flanagan, Wild, Barnes, Gilmartin, Good and Crews (1984a). The performance of the various test logics was found to differ between the categories of field defect. PMID- 6549289 TI - The prognosis of glaucoma investigated with computerized perimetry. AB - The efficacy of glaucoma therapy in preventing progression of glaucomatous field loss was investigated in a retrospective study. Hundred eyes with glaucomatous field defects of 71 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean observation period was 3.8 years. The evaluation of potential visual field changes was made with the biostatistical program Delta of the Octopus computerized perimeter. All field examinations were done with the same automated perimeter (Octopus, model 201). In 19% of the eyes adequate medical or surgical therapy failed to arrest the disease process. Improvement or deterioration of the whole field can be simulated by changes of the pupillary diameter, whereas deterioration in the pathologic area only is highly specific for progression of the glaucomatous process. PMID- 6549290 TI - [Purification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and preparation of anti-CEA antiserum]. PMID- 6549291 TI - [Adrenal epinephrine and the regulation of pulmonary surfactant release in neonatal rabbits]. AB - Adrenergic mechanisms influence surfactant metabolism; however the nature and importance of catechol-mediated regulation is unclear. We designed experiments to assess the role of endogenous adrenal epinephrine (E) synthesis in neonatal alveolar surfactant release. We administered the experimental adrenal epinephrine synthesis inhibitor SKF 29661 to pregnant rabbits to reduce fetal adrenal E content. Surfactant release was measured as total alveolar phosphatidylcholine (PC) content recovered by a thorough alveolar wash performed on animals sacrificed at birth and at 1 h of age. At a maternal dose of 100 mg/kg/day, SKF 29661 caused a 57% reduction in fetal adrenal E content (p less than .01), which was associated with a 40% reduction in alveolar PC at birth and a 23% reduction in alveolar PC at 1 h of age (p less than .01). Moreover, adrenal E correlated positively with total alveolar PC content (p less than .001). These results suggest that in the neonatal period, the ability of the fetal adrenal gland to synthesize E for secretion plays a role in the regulation of pulmonary surfactant release. PMID- 6549292 TI - The sex difference in type II cell surfactant synthesis originates in the fibroblast in vitro. AB - Lung from 19 days' gestation male and female rat fetuses was grown in mixed monolayer culture. Cultures from female lungs synthesized twice as much 3H saturated phosphatidylcholine (3H-SPC) from 3H-choline as cultures from male lungs. Preincubation with cortisol caused a doubling in 3H-SPC synthesis by cultures from both sexes. Study of sex-specific fibroblast cultures revealed significantly higher 11-oxidoreductase activity and basal and cortisone- or cortisol-stimulated fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor activity in female cultures. In contrast to the findings in the fibroblast cultures, sex-specific type II cell cultures showed no difference in basal 3H-SPC synthesis or in response to cortisol-stimulated fibroblast-conditioned medium. Furthermore, the type II alveolar cells had no 11-oxidoreductase activity. These data indicate that there are sex differences in both cortisol metabolism and fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor production by the fetal lung fibroblast. These differences would lead to a sex difference in the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant. PMID- 6549293 TI - Study of the genetic organisation of a plant viral RNA genome by in vitro expression of a full-length DNA copy. AB - The genetic approach for elucidating functions encoded by RNA plant viruses has been hampered by the lack of methods to select desired mutants following random mutagenesis. An alternative might be to copy RNA genomes into DNA and use methods for site-directed mutagenesis to modify specific regions of the DNA copy. Transcription of the DNA copy will subsequently produce viral RNA with desired mutations. We have constructed a full-length DNA copy of the smaller of the two cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) RNAs, referred to as M RNA. The DNA copy was positioned downstream from the promoter of bacteriophage SP6 and using SP6 RNA polymerase, this copy and two derivatives of it containing a specific deletion and insertion, respectively, have been transcribed into RNA molecules which are efficiently translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The results obtained show that the subsequent in vitro transcription and translation of DNA copies may be a powerful tool to unravel the genetic properties of viral RNA genomes. PMID- 6549294 TI - Cloned single- and double-stranded DNA copies of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) RNA and co-inoculated subgenomic DNA fragments are infectious. AB - A set of monomeric and oligomeric potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) specific DNA forms representing complete DNA copies of the circular PSTV RNA genome were constructed and cloned in plasmid pBR322 and bacteriophage M13. Both single- and double-stranded PSTV DNAs are capable of initiating viroid replication in mechanically inoculated tomato plants where it normally proceeds via the RNA-RNA pathway without DNA being involved. All dimeric and higher multimeric forms were infectious irrespective of their polarity in the case of single-stranded DNA and regardless of their orientation in the vector DNA in the case of double-stranded DNA. The vector-inserted monomeric PSTV DNA units were also found to be infectious but of low specific infectivity which was increased when these monomers had been excised. Even two subgenomic DNA fragments, representing together the 359 nucleotides of the PSTV RNA genome, initiated the synthesis of viroid RNA progeny when co-inoculated although each fragment by itself is non infectious. These results are discussed with respect to the infectivity previously observed with certain cloned DNAs of conventional RNA and DNA viruses. PMID- 6549295 TI - Relationship between levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its messenger RNA in sympathetic ganglia and peripheral target tissues. AB - We have developed a sensitive assay for the quantification of nerve growth factor mRNA (mRNANGF) in various tissues of the mouse using in vitro transcribed RNANGF. Probes of both polarities were used to determine the specificity of the hybridization signals obtained. Comparison of NGF levels with its mRNA revealed that both were correlated with the density of sympathetic innervation. Thus, vas deferens contained high levels of both NGF and mRNANGF, whereas skeletal muscle levels were barely detectable, indicating that in peripheral tissues NGF levels are primarily regulated by the quantity of mRNANGF and not by the rate of processing of NGF precursor to NGF. However, although superior cervical ganglia contained the highest levels of NGF, its mRNA was barely detectable. Thus, the high levels of NGF in sympathetic ganglia result from retrograde axonal transport rather than local synthesis. The quantity of NGF found in the submandibular glands of female animals was three orders of magnitude higher than expected from their mRNA levels. This observation is discussed in the context of the difference between the mechanism of storage and exocytosis of exocrine glands versus the constitutive release from other tissues. PMID- 6549296 TI - Evidence for specific neuropeptide Y-binding sites in rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 6549297 TI - [Studies on the production of anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody in vitro in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases]. AB - We have studied the production of anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody (ATA) in vitro in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases to test the hypothesis that these patients have a deficiency in T suppressor cell function. Lymphocytes were cultured for 7 days with or without pokeweek mitogen (PWM). ATA and IgG concentrations in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme immunoassays. In 15 patients with Hashimoto's disease (HD), ATA production in vitro was detected. These patients had very high titers of ATA in their sera. In 5 patients with HD who had low ATA titers in their sera, and in 20 normal individuals, ATA production was not detected. Therefore, ATA production in vitro was positively correlated with ATA concentration in the serum. The stimulating effect of PWM was not clear in ATA production, but apparent in IgG production. In another experiment, concanavalin A (Con A) was used to induce T suppressor cells, and the activities of these cells were detected in the PWM driven culture system of fresh lymphocytes. In 5 patients with HD, ATA production was inhibited by Con A induced autologous suppressor cells. And the degree of suppression in ATA production was the same as that seen in IgG production. Furthermore, in 2 patients we have compared the suppressing effect on ATA production of autologous Con A activated cells with that of normal Con A activated cells. There was no difference between the two. Therefore, we could not demonstrate the defect in Con A induced, non specific suppressor cell activities in patients with HD. Finally, we cultured the lymphocytes with the specific antigen, Tg (10-100 micrograms/ml). The responses of ATA production to Tg were variable among patients, which may suggest the variety of the status of presensitized lymphocytes or antigen specific suppressor cells. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the antigen specific T cell function in autoimmune thyroid diseases. PMID- 6549298 TI - Incorporation of bovine thyroid peroxidase in liposomes. AB - In the microsomal fraction of thyroid glands, the temperature dependence of DPH fluorescence polarization showed a discontinuity in the range of 29-33 degrees C. The transition temperatures of DMPC, DPPC and DSPC are near to the observed for the microsomal fraction. So that, thyroid peroxidase (TPO) was incorporated into liposomes made with these phospholipids. When DPH was incorporated in this peroxidase-liposome complex, a less pronounced phase transition was observed in the profiles of temperature dependence of DPH polarization, and the incorporation of the enzyme decreased the Tc. Arrhenius plots of TPO incorporated into liposomes showed discontinuities at similar temperatures observed by fluorescence polarization. The decrease of transition temperature of liposomes induced by thyroid peroxidase incorporation suggests that this enzyme seems to need a fluid medium for its enzyme activity. PMID- 6549299 TI - [Analysis of the frequency changes in the neuronal discharges of the human brain in the course of the V one-time performance of psychological tests]. PMID- 6549300 TI - [Hepatotoxicity of isaxonine phosphate: 4 cases of severe subacute hepatitis]. AB - Isaxonine phosphate is known to induce acute hepatitis which in most cases is reversible after withdrawal of the drug. The authors describe 4 new cases of hepatitis which differ from those previously reported by their evolutive and pathological features. In 3 cases, the outcome was fatal within a delay of 15-40 days despite discontinuation of the drug, and was associated with hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. In the 4 cases plasma concentration of alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferases were initially increased (up to 33 X upper normal range) and decreased to normal values in 2 cases. Plasma bilirubin levels were also elevated at first and continued to increase during the first 15 days of evolution. Pathological examination of the liver showed mild necrosis, sometimes with a piecemeal or a bridging aspect, marked fibrosis infiltrated with mononuclear and neutrophil polymorphonuclear cells and a conspicuous biliary neogenesis. In these particular cases of hepatitis due to isaxonine phosphate, occurrence in women, increased serum immunoglobulin levels, presence of autoantibodies, clinical and pathological aspects resembling those observed in iproniazid hepatitis may be suggestive of an immunological, or even autoimmune, mechanism. PMID- 6549301 TI - [Acute hepatitis probably due to Plethoryl]. PMID- 6549302 TI - [An on-line computer system for analyzing cardiotocograms]. PMID- 6549304 TI - Automation in the biomedical laboratory. PMID- 6549303 TI - Isolation and amino-acid composition of the adipokinetic hormone of Manduca sexta. AB - An adipokinetic hormone was purified from corpora cardiaca of au adult Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm)by reversed-phased high performance liquid chromatography. The following amino-acid composition was determined: 2 Thr, 2 Ser, Glx, Gly, Leu, Phe, Trp. The adipokinetic activity was tested in adult Manduca. In a bioassay in which activation of fat body glycogen phosphorylase was measured in ligated larvae, the hormone elicited a maximal response at the same concentration as it did in the bioassay for hyperlipaemic activity. PMID- 6549305 TI - A new framework and computer program for quantitative EMG signal analysis. PMID- 6549306 TI - Conformations of 3-methylpurine nucleosides: implications on the structure of DNA duplexes. PMID- 6549307 TI - Aminopeptidase A in reproductive organs of the male rat: evidence for high activity in the posterior lobe of the prostate. AB - Of the reproductive organs of the male rat a high level of hydrolysis of alpha-L glutamyl-beta-napthylamide (GluNA) and alpha-L-aspartyl-beta-naphthylamide (AspNA) in the presence of Ca2+ (5mM) (aminopeptidase A) was found in the posterior lobe of the prostate. Histochemically, this enzyme was localized in the epithelial cells of acini, which were grouped in the dorsal part and sharply separated from non-active acini in the anterior part of the lobe. A single peak of Ca2+-activated GluNA and AspNA hydrolysis was obtained after chromatofocusing at pI 4.9 and on anion exchange chromatography this activity eluted at 0.09 M NaCl. After gel filtration on Sepharose 6B a major peak of activity was found at the elution volume (Ve/Vo = 2.28). In all of these fractionation procedures aminopeptidase A was partially or totally overlapped by other aminopeptidases hydrolysing various amino acid-beta-naphthylamides. A pooled enzyme preparation gave an optimum at pH 7.3. The hydrolysis of GluNA was markedly enhanced in the presence of Ba2+, Ca2+ and Sr2+, but the hydrolysis of AspNA was activated only by Ca2+ and Sr2+. Castration caused a significant decrease in the hydrolysis of GluNA by the posterior lobe, but did not influence the low levels of activity in other parts of the prostate or in the seminal vesicles. PMID- 6549308 TI - Characterization of two crystalline polyurethane homopolymers as potential materials for biomedical applications. PMID- 6549310 TI - A microcomputer database in a clinical environment. PMID- 6549309 TI - An application of the health belief model toward educational diagnosis for VD education. AB - A protocol is developed which allows the translation of the Health Belief Model (HBM) to practice in supplying empirical needs assessment data on which to build responsive and effective VD education. The HBM is recognized as among the most important theoretical formulations to explain health behavior available in the health education literature, although there has to date been no information as to how to bridge the gap between theory and practice for actual, specific, and detailed programmatic input. The present study describes a procedure for using the HBM as a tool enabling practitioners to isolate those beliefs that need to be addressed for a given population. Prior attempts at belief identification have been limited to the four major dimensions of the HBM (perceptions of susceptibility, seriousness, barriers, and benefits), often with a single item to address each gross dimension. Such efforts are incapable of determining discrete areas of beliefs subject to change through direct educational intervention. The conceptualization and development of an extended view of these dimensions to include numerous individual entities enables the practitioner to create a data base which overcomes this limitation. The development of the VD Health Belief Scale is detailed. Subscales were operationalized by developing standardized attitude scales comprised of Likert-type items requiring a response on a five point scale of agreement; instrument refinement occurred at several stages; and selected items were screened through internal consistency item analysis. Resultant scales had acceptable reliability with alphas of .89, .66, .91, .86, and .84. A straightforward procedure is described to explain how the measure is used to develop appropriate needs assessment data using the HBM framework. Studies performed by the authors utilizing the procedure are presented to illustrate the application of the research protocol. PMID- 6549311 TI - Developing an integrated natural language database for gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 6549312 TI - Automating the expertise of the neuropsychologist. PMID- 6549313 TI - Distributed computing in a hospital environment. PMID- 6549314 TI - Visualisation of messenger RNA directing peptide synthesis by in situ hybridisation using a novel single-stranded cDNA probe. Potential for the investigation of gene expression and endocrine cell activity. AB - The neuropeptide tyrosine precursor (pre-pro-NPY) messenger RNA (mRNA) has been localised in formaldehyde-fixed human phaeochromocytoma tissue using a sensitive in situ hybridisation procedure and a novel single-stranded cDNA probe. The reaction product was revealed by avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex and streptavidin-gold complex with silver enhancement. This technique may be applied for the determination of biosynthetic activity of endocrine and neuronal cell bodies. This is largely due to its rapidity by comparison with conventional autoradiographic procedures, to the permanence of the reaction product and to the sensitivity of the visualisation steps. PMID- 6549315 TI - Novel glycosidase inhibitors, nojirimycin B and D-mannonic-delta-lactam. Isolation, structure determination and biological property. AB - A new aminosugar named nojirimycin B (1) has been isolated as its bisulfite adduct from the culture broth of Streptomyces lavendulae SF-425, together with nojirimycin. Microbiological oxidation of 1 with Gluconobacter suboxydans IAM 1829 gave a delta-lactam (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined to be 5 amino-5-deoxy-D-mannopyranose and D-mannonic-delta-lactam, respectively, on the basis of 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray structural analysis. Both 1 and 2 exhibited powerful inhibitory activity against rat epididymal alpha-mannosidase and apricot beta-glucosidase. PMID- 6549316 TI - X-ray crystal structure of 4-deoxy-3'-bromopyrido[1',2'-1,2]imidazo[5,4 c]rifamycin S. AB - This paper reports the determination of the X-ray molecular structure of 4-deoxy 3'-bromopyrido[1',2'-1,2]imidazo[5,4-c]rifamycin S, carried out in order to unequivocally define the general structure of a new series of rifamycin SV derivatives, which are potent antibacterial agents, and are not absorbed at the gastroenteric level. They have been prepared by Alfa Farmaceutici, Bologna, by condensing 2-aminopyridine derivatives to 3-bromorifamycin S. The solid state X ray study has confirmed the structure proposed on the basis of 1H NMR studies in solution. It has also shown that the newly formed pyridoimidazo system is in a mesomeric betaine form, the pyrido nitrogen being positively charged and the imidazo nitrogen being negatively charged. This feature is believed responsible for the pharmacokinetic behavior of these new drugs, one of which, denoted either as rifamycin L 105 or rifaximin, is actually under clinical trial as a topical intestinal disinfectant. PMID- 6549317 TI - 3'-Deamino-4'-epi-3'-hydroxy-daunorubicin and -doxorubicin. Synthesis and antitumor activity. AB - 3'-Deamino-4'-epi-3'-hydroxy-daunorubicin (11) and -doxorubicin (14) have been synthesized. In the in vivo murine P-388 lymphocytic leukemia assay, these two compounds were more active than daunorubicin (1) and doxorubicin (2), respectively. Comparative studies in the P-388 assay indicated 3'-deamino-3' hydroxydoxorubicin (3) to be more active than its 4'-epimer 14. PMID- 6549318 TI - Intra-aural reflexes elicited by a cochlear prosthesis in monkeys. AB - Objective audiological tests are needed for pre- and postsurgical evaluation of cochlear prosthesis patients who are unable to give reliable subjective responses. In this study we demonstrated that contralateral intra-aural reflexes were elicited by a cochlear prosthesis in the monkey. Reflex variables measured include threshold, latency and amplitude. These findings indicate that the electrically elicited intra-aural reflex response may be useful to evaluate the peripheral auditory system in subjects with sensory deafness. PMID- 6549319 TI - Development of an interactive computer-videodisc program in pediatrics. AB - There is growing interest in the use of videodisc technology in health sciences education. This article describes the process of developing an interactive computer-videodisc program to teach health care professionals in training. It deals with techniques for examining infants with neuromotor problems. The program was developed at the University of Iowa and is the first of its kind to be used in pediatrics. PMID- 6549320 TI - Active proteinase inhibitors associated with human breast epithelial cells. AB - The major glycoproteins synthesized by human breast epithelial cells have been characterized [6,8]. The most consistently observed and prominent component in supernatants of organ cultures of breast surgical specimens and of MCF-7 cells was gp 68 which has been immunologically identified as alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (Achy). In the present study we demonstrate that this glycoprotein can form an irreversible complex with chymotrypsin, which indicates that it is a functional inhibitor. The 14C-glucosamine-labeled gp 68 forms a stable, 88,000-dalton, enzyme-inhibitor complex with chymotrypsin. The molecule is secreted continuously for 9 days into a chemically defined, serum-free medium. In addition to the de novo synthesized inhibitor, another component is absorbed from fetal bovine serum and subsequently released into serum-free medium. This component also forms an irreversible, 88,000-dalton complex with enzyme. The observations establish that two types of inhibitors are associated with human breast epithelial cells, one actively synthesized and the other derived from serum. Both of these molecules may have significant roles in stabilizing cell surface components and in protecting extracellular matrices from untimely degradation. PMID- 6549321 TI - [Uterine sarcoma. Retrospective analysis of a series of 22 cases]. AB - 37 uterine tumors originally diagnosed as uterine sarcomas at Fondation Bergonie between 1970 and 1982 were histologically reclassified. 15 patients were excluded from this study because of inadequate data or not confirmed initial diagnosis. The 22 remaining cases were classified as leiomyosarcomas 13, endometrial stromal sarcomas 7 and mixed mesodermal sarcomas 2. The mean age of the patients was 56. The cases were classified according to the FIGO staging system. 5 patients had previously undergone (between 1 and 8 years) a subtotal hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. 5 patients had stage 1 sarcoma, 13 patients stage III and 2 patients stage IV. 13 patients are dead, 7 are alive without evidence of disease, 2 are alive with evidence of disease. The 5 year actuarial survival rate was 30%. Tumor extent at diagnosis was not correlated with survival. Analysis of failures revealed : 4 metastatic, 5 metastatic and pelvic and 6 isolated pelvic failures. Prognosis was not significantly different between leiomyosarcomas and endometrial stromal sarcomas. There was no pelvic failure in patients with stage I sarcoma (treated by surgery plus radiotherapy). Survival was not found to be correlated with histopathological grade as described in soft tissue sarcomas. Nevertheless a correlation (non significant) was found between survival and mitosis count. Chemotherapy (Cyvadic) was administered in 8 advanced tumors with partial response (always below 50% of the initial tumor) in 5 patients. PMID- 6549322 TI - Surgical decompression of the ulnar nerve. PMID- 6549323 TI - Ultrastructure of sciatic nerve of armadillo infected with Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Ultrastructural observation of sciatic nerves from eight Armadillos were made. Six animals had intravenous inoculation of M. leprae, one had of foot pad, while one had natural leprosy. The available nerves were biopsied at various time sequence ranging from five weeks to twenty four months. Semithin sections did not reveal any neuropathy. Ultrastructurally perineurium was thick and endoneurial collagen was increased. Initially demyelination of non-myelinated fibres was seen in all nerves irrespective of mode of infection. This was followed by demyelination of small myelinated fibres. Active remyelination was predominantly after 17 months. Schwann cell activity was increased and various stages of division were seen. Bacilli were extracellular, intraxonal, in endothelium and in perineurium. Significant observations were on blood vessels. These observations are discussed. PMID- 6549324 TI - Cardiac dysautonomia in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Cardiovascular autonomic functions were studied in 32 patients of lepromatous leprosy, including 12 patients of lepra reaction. Fifty age and sex matched healthy subjects served as controls. Variable degree of autonomic dysfunction was observed in the study group. The derangement of autonomic functions in patients of leprosy can be explained on the basis of neurotrophic action of lepra bacilli that infiltrate the sympathetic and the parasympathetic fibres. PMID- 6549325 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in multi bacillary leprosy. AB - 14 cases of multi bacillary leprosy (BL and LL) were investigated biochemically and ECG recording was done. Serum cholesterol was found to be raised in 4 out of 14 cases and SGOT was raised in 2 cases. P wave, PR interval and QRS complex did not show any changes, ST segment was depressed in 2 cases, T wave was flat in 2 cases and inverted in one case and Q-Tc interval was prolonged (more than 0.40 secs) in 3 cases. PMID- 6549326 TI - A study of leprosy in relation with HBsAg. AB - In the present study presence of HBsAg in the serum of 130 leprosy patients (LL 50; ENL 30; TT 50) and its relationship with various complications has been studied. The HBsAg positivity in controls and various types of leprosy did not show any significant difference. Similarly complication also had no relation with HBsAg positivity. So we conclude that leprosy has no relation with HBsAg. PMID- 6549327 TI - Gynaecomastia in leprosy in three districts of Tamil Nadu. AB - The prevalence of Gynaecomastia (GM), a well known complication of leprosy in adult male patients was studied in 790 cases of whom 641 were the inmates of five leprosy hospitals and the remaining 149 mostly from the clinics of field area attached to the Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute, Chengalpattu during 1982-83. The overall prevalence rate was found to be 19.24%. Among the hospitalised patients, it was 22.15% against 6.71% among the patients attending the clinics in the field area. The youngest and the oldest patient in this study was 16 years and 83 years respectively. The highest rate of 32.89% was in the 36 45 age group. Only 152 GM cases were detected; the rates in the lepromatous, borderline lepromatous, borderline tuberculoid were 29.21%, 9.64% and 3.68% respectively. Those who gave a history of frequent ENL reactions had a higher rate of GM i.e. 34.55 as against 21.52 without or with very infrequent ENL reaction. Early treatment had a remarkable effect in the reduction of GM. Only 14% developed GM when the treatment was started within 2 years after the onset of leprosy as against 46.9% when the same was started after 16 years. In the latter group, the longer duration of the disease could also play a contributory role. Sterility rate was more than double in those with GM i.e. 34.14% against 14% without it. PMID- 6549328 TI - Renal functional status in leprosy. AB - Renal functional status was evaluated in 27 patients with lepromatous leprosy. Renal functions were found to be significantly impaired in lepromatous patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) in the active phases. Though patients in quiescent phases and uncomplicated lepromatous leprosy patients did show renal impairment, however, the degree of impairment in such cases was less than that in the reactive cases. PMID- 6549329 TI - Incidence rates of leprosy among household contacts of "primary cases". AB - The data consisted of information from 1,564 "Primary cases" of leprosy of all classification and 9,162 of their household contacts. Household contacts of Indeterminate (Ind), Borderline (BL) and Lepromatous (LL), "Primary case" (PC) had an incidence rate (IR) of 5 per 1000 person years of risk (PYR). Household contacts of Tuberculoid (TT) and borderline tuberculoid (BT) patients had an IR of 3.2 and 3.8 per 1000 PYR respectively. Compared with an incidence rate of leprosy of 1.6 per 1000 PYR among individuals not exposed to leprosy in the same area, household contacts of Non-lepromatous patients had a relative risk of twice as high and contacts of lepromatous and borderline lepromatous patients a relative risk of 3 times as high. The incidence rate was higher among household contacts of bacteriologically positive patients, among contacts closely related and in households with multiple cases. The peak age specific incidence rate among household contacts was between the ages 5-9 years of age. The significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6549330 TI - Prevalence of leprosy in children of leprosy parents. AB - A cross sectional clinical study was done in slums and adjoining village of Raipur town. All the children in 100 families, in which at least one patient of proved leprosy was present were examined. Children of 100 non-leprosy families served as control. In leprous families prevalence was 14.2 times higher in comparison to children in control group. Also prevalence was higher in children of those families in which number of patients were more than one, or there was lepromatous leprosy. In children the common type of lesion were tuberculoid, indeterminate, borderline and pure neural type in that order, while no case of lepromatous leprosy was seen. PMID- 6549331 TI - Leprosy detection through non-survey techniques. AB - Most practical and cheap techniques other than mass surveys to detect leprosy in urban slums are still not known. The population inhabiting a large somewhat isolated slum in North Bombay was exposed to intensive health education programmes over a period of two years. Leprosy cases reporting as a result of these measures as well as those detected by trained workers casually or through contact examination were registered at two weekly clinics conducted within the slum. A total of 184 patients out of whom 27 were smear +ve, were identifiable by these means. The population of the slum was found to be 18228. Total prevalence rate of leprosy after examining 14723 subjects in the colony was revealed to be 24 per 1000 (smear +ve cases: 2.2. per 1000) out of which a prevalence of 12.4 per 1000 (smear +ve cases: 1.8 per 1000) had actually come to our knowledge even before instituting mass surveys. The results of this study indicate that in comparable urban situation it should be possible to identify 54% of total leprosy cases by techniques other than surveys. More significantly a striking feature of this study is that 82% of cases of true public health significance namely smear +ve patients could be unearthed by these means. PMID- 6549332 TI - Diagnostic efficiency of paramedical workers involved in leprosy case detection programme. AB - The diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in classification of leprosy and its activity status, by four senior trained Paramedical Workers (PMWs) involved in leprosy case detection programme, was assessed on 1394 cases detected by them and concurrently confirmed by an experienced medical officer. The inter-observer variation between two experienced PMWs in diagnosis and classification of leprosy on 216 patients, was also studied. Of the 1394 cases detected by PMWs, 257 (18.44%) were wrongly diagnosed as leprosy, mostly as non-lepromatous (N) type. Though all lepromatous (L) and 98% of N-type cases were correctly classified by PMWs, 25.64% of borderline (N ? L) cases were either under-diagnosed as N-type (17.95%) or over-diagnosed as L-type (7.69%). The activity status of 19% cases was wrongly assessed by PMWs, including 8% active lesions assessed as inactive. The discrepancy between two PMWs in diagnosis, classification and assessment of activity status of leprosy was found in 1.39%, 7.41% & 25.67% cases, respectively. The implications of these observations, and the suggestions to improve the technical skills of workers for an efficient and effective implementation of leprosy control programme, are discussed in this communication. PMID- 6549333 TI - A study of knowledge, attitude and practice of leprosy among doctors of Bhopal, India. AB - A study of knowledge, attitude and practice of leprosy among doctors of Bhopal has found that junior doctors had more exposure to leprology compared to all other groups. Medical college doctors had better knowledge of leprology compared to non-medical college doctors. Knowledge and attitude about leprosy among doctors were influenced by qualification, age, cultural and environmental factors. A strong association was observed between knowledge and attitude about leprosy of doctors and their practice of treating leprosy cases. PMID- 6549334 TI - Differential diagnosis between leprosy and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. PMID- 6549335 TI - Combined therapy of leprosy in Bhutan. PMID- 6549336 TI - A case of squamous cell carcinoma in plantar ulcer in leprosy. PMID- 6549337 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma developing in trophic ulcers in leprosy--a case report. AB - Malignant transformation of trophic ulcer in leprosy, though not very uncommon, is ill reported in the literature. Not more than a dozen cases have been reported so far. A case of "Squamous Cell Carcinoma" developing in trophic ulcer in leprosy is presented. The histopathology has been discussed. PMID- 6549338 TI - Vitiligo on tuberculoid patches--a case report. AB - A case of tuberculoid leprosy with complete depigmentation on its active margins, in a predisposed individual to vitiligo is presented. The postulated mechanism of hypopigmentation vis-a-vis leprosy lesions is discussed in brief in the context of the presenting unusual association. PMID- 6549339 TI - [Flow-cytometric analysis of changes in lymphocyte subsets in the blood of cancer patients during radiotherapy. 1. Special reference to OKT11+-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6549340 TI - [Biology of recurrent venous thrombosis]. AB - Important recent advances in the field of the biology of recurrent venous thrombosis include greater understanding of congenital deficiency states involving antithrombin III (AT III) and protein C. Other disturbances demonstrated were related to fibrinolysis frequently, and rarely platelet function and coagulation factors. Possible existence of these anomalies requires investigation during biologic tests in cases of recurrent venous thrombosis, particularly in the presence of a family history or onset of the initial affection before 40 years of age. Confirmation of the importance of screening for such anomalies is supplied by results of a study of 11 families with antithrombin III deficiency and 9 families deficients in protein C, and a literature review of cases. However, currently available biologic tests provide data enabling only partial explanation of the mechanism underlying recurrent venous thrombosis accidents. PMID- 6549341 TI - Detection of organic hydroperoxides in rabbit lung lavage fluid, but not in lung tissue homogenate, using GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase. AB - A specific method for the detection of organic hydroperoxides in lung lavage fluid (lung surfactant system) and lung tissue homogenate is described. After the inactivation of endogenous GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase and preincubation with catalase, organic hydroperoxides are consumed by addition of GSH and GSH peroxidase. The increase of GSSG, compared to a blank without addition of GSH peroxidase, is measured in a second enzymatic step with GSH reductase. The recoveries of t-butyl hydroperoxide and of peroxidized, free fatty acids added to lavage fluid or to lung homogenate are higher than 85% in each case. The detection limits of this assay for organic hydroperoxides are 0.9 nmol/mg surfactant phospholipid (molar ratio of 0.00066) and 40 nmol/g wet lung weight. The assay detects organic hydroperoxides in the surfactant system of normal rabbit lungs, but not in lung tissue homogenate. PMID- 6549342 TI - A new procedure for discriminating between two patient populations using multivariate decision limits: application in the detection and exclusion of alcoholism based on clinical laboratory findings. AB - A simple, nonparametric discrimination procedure was developed and tested for use in discriminating between two populations, especially in those cases where the properties of the distributions lead to unsatisfactory results by classical discrimination procedures. The procedure is based on transferring the conventional concept of a decision limit from one to several variables, with combinations (in set theory terms: unions and intersections) of multidimensional intervals serving as the discriminant regions (referred to here as simple discriminant regions). The procedure was applied to two groups of patients, alcoholics and non-alcoholics. A level of efficiency 20% higher than that attainable with conventional procedures was obtained using only six clinical chemical parameters. In addition, the procedure is more flexible than conventional procedures. It enables the solution of optimization problems for each of the three common discrimination criteria (sensitivity, specificity and efficiency) with no fundamental difficulties, and it is still possible to select at will the range(s) for the decision point and for the order of the discriminant regions. For all of the clinical chemical parameters studied the distributions of the results for the two patient samples overlapped very markedly. If, for example, a sensitivity of 100% was specified, the best specificity attainable using the six parameters that discriminated best was only about 53%, and if a specificity of 100% was required, the best sensitivity was about 56%. The analogy between the discrimination principle and the principle of a statistical test (the relationship between detection and exclusion of alcoholism) is also discussed. PMID- 6549343 TI - Active transport of proline by Coxiella burnetii. AB - The obligate intracellular rickettsia, Coxiella burnetii, was shown to possess an energy dependent proline transport system which displayed a high degree of specificity and was highly dependent on pH. Transport was maximal at pH 3.0 to 4.5, a pH range approximately that of the host cell phagolysosome where the agent replicates. Transport was inhibited by the uncouplers carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone and dinitrophenol, but not by sodium arsenite. In the presence of glutamate, a preferred energy source, proline uptake was enhanced more than two-fold. This enhancement of proline uptake was greatly decreased in the presence of sodium arsenite. The addition of glutamate decreased the apparent Km for proline transport from 45 microM to 15 microM, with the Vmax increasing from 3.6 pmol s-1 (mg dry wt)-1 to 4.8 pmol s-1 (mg dry wt)-1. Two proline analogues, furoic acid and azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, were effective inhibitors of proline transport. D-Proline, 4-hydroxyproline, glycine and proline amide inhibited transport minimally, while no inhibition was seen with succinate, pyruvate or glutamate. PMID- 6549344 TI - [Comparison of centrifugal pump (bio pump) with roller pump: clinical study]. PMID- 6549345 TI - [Use of glucocorticoids in the treatment of Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 6549346 TI - cDNA cloning and in vitro transcription of the complete brome mosaic virus genome. AB - Complete cDNA copies of each of the brome mosaic virus genomic RNAs (3.2, 2.8, and 2.1 kilobases in length) were cloned in a novel transcription vector, pPM1, designed to provide exact control of the transcription initiation site. After cleavage at a unique EcoRI site immediately downstream of the inserted cDNA, these clones can be transcribed in vitro by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to yield complete copies of the brome mosaic virus RNAs. Dideoxy sequencing of 5' transcript cDNA runoff products and direct sequencing of 32P-3'-end-labeled transcripts show that such transcripts initiate at the same 5' position as natural viral RNA and terminate within the EcoRI runoff site after copying the entire viral RNA sequence. When synthesized in the presence of m7GpppG, the transcripts bear the natural capped 5' terminus of brome mosaic virus RNAs. Such transcripts direct the in vitro translation of proteins which coelectrophorese with the translation products of natural brome mosaic virus RNAs. pPM1 should facilitate in vitro production of other viral and nonviral RNAs. PMID- 6549347 TI - [Microcomputer processing of medical records]. AB - The necessity of computers becoming undeniable, authors have brought up the project of a program for management and treatment of medical files on a hospital word scale. Using a monoposte microcomputer, characterized by its simplicity, autonomy and low cost, this system is to be considered among the centralized multi-ramified systems, whose results as far as using the medical parameters are unsatisfactory. PMID- 6549348 TI - Differential and selective antagonism of the slow-inhibitory postsynaptic potential and slow-excitatory postsynaptic potential by gallamine and pirenzepine in the superior cervical ganglion of the rabbit. AB - Two cholinergic antagonists, gallamine and pirenzepine, agents that have been shown to bind selectively to different subpopulations of the muscarinic receptor, were found to antagonize selectively and differentially the amplitudes of the slow-inhibitory and slow-excitatory postsynaptic potentials in the superior cervical ganglion of the rabbit. Incubation of ganglia with gallamine resulted in a concentration-dependent suppression of the slow-inhibitory postsynaptic potential. The pharmacological action of gallamine was highly specific. At concentrations which reduced the amplitude of the slow-inhibitory postsynaptic potential by as much as 70-90%, there was no reduction of the amplitudes of the muscarinic slow-excitatory postsynaptic potential, the nicotinic fast-excitatory postsynaptic potential, noncholinergic slow-slow-excitatory postsynaptic potential, or post-stimulus hyperpolarizing afterpotentials. The amplitude of the slow-excitatory postsynaptic potential was actually facilitated in the presence of gallamine, presumably as a result of suppression of the overlapping slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential. In contrast to the action of gallamine, pirenzepine produced a selective suppression of the amplitude of the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential. Pirenzepine had very little influence on the amplitude of the slow-inhibitory postsynaptic potential at concentrations sufficient to reduce the amplitude of the slow-excitatory postsynaptic potential by as much as 50%, and had no effect on the amplitudes of the nicotinic fast excitatory postsynaptic potential or noncholinergic slow-slow-excitatory postsynaptic potential. The evidence presented suggests that multiple muscarinic recognition sites, previously identified by studies of the affinities of pharmacological agents for the muscarinic receptor, may actually be involved in synaptic transmission and functionally coupled to cellular effector mechanisms. PMID- 6549349 TI - Antagonism of the effect of delta sleep-inducing peptide by naloxone in the rat. AB - The somnogenic properties of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) were investigated using electroencephalographic criteria. The peptide caused a significant increase in both REM and non-REM sleep at the expense of waking when injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat brain in four doses of 5 micrograms during the dark (waking) phase of the light/dark cycle. Furthermore this sleep promoting effect was blocked by pre-treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone at a dose level (0.1 mg/Kg s.c.) considered selective for mu receptors. PMID- 6549350 TI - Studies on hypokalemic flabbiness disease. PMID- 6549351 TI - Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of hypokalemic flabbiness disease. PMID- 6549352 TI - Ohio's health care: the State's strategic plan. PMID- 6549353 TI - A case of childhood hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6549354 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of a new 1,2,4-oxadiazine derivative in rat. AB - Pharmacokinetics of 3-phenyl-6-(1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-2-isoquinolyl)-methyl-4H 5,6-dihydro-1,2,4, -oxadiazine (I) in rat were studied. Plasma levels following a single oral dose were determined by HPLC method. Basic plasma samples were partitioned with chloroform. The organic layers were evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residues were redissolved in chloroform and chromatographed on a microporous silica column with chloroform-isopropanol (7:3) eluent. Pharmacokinetics of (I) obeyed the one-compartment open model adequately. Constructed the plasma level curve, absorption and elimination rate constants were calculated by linear regression analysis. Rate of absorption proved to be significantly higher compared to that of elimination. The time of plasma level peak (tmax) was 35 min. After 20 h only traces of (I) could be found in the plasma. PMID- 6549355 TI - Ludwig Breast Cancer trials LBCS III and IV: adjuvant endocrine treatment in postmenopausal patients. PMID- 6549356 TI - CMF adjuvant programs at the Milan Cancer Institute. PMID- 6549357 TI - Molecular biology of cell division. PMID- 6549358 TI - [Consequences of sexually transmitted diseases in women: salpingitis]. AB - Sexually transmitted disease plays a predominant role in both acute salpingitis and in chronic silent salpingitis. Chlamydia trachomatis appears to be the agent most frequently involved in both cases, but we must not underestimate the role of gonococcus, Mycoplasma and opportunistic bacteria. The tendency of Chlamydia trachomatis to cause sub-clinical, sub-acute and even chronic infections raises a number of questions concerning the real criteria of cure of an acute salpingitis and the possibilities of early detection of such infections when they are chronic from the start, as these infections are as equally important as acute salpingitis in the pathogenesis of tubal sterility. PMID- 6549359 TI - Assessment of bone viability after heat trauma. A histological, histochemical and vital microscopic study in the rabbit. AB - In the present investigation a comparison was made between conventional histology, histochemistry and vital microscopy for assessment of heat-induced bone tissue injury. The extent of the bone damage around a burr hole or after heating fibular bone samples in saline solutions of various temperatures was evaluated by means of histology and histochemistry, using the absence of filled osteocyte lacunae or lack of oxidative enzyme activities as indication of bone death, respectively. In both cases a wider necrotic border zone was detected with histochemistry than with histology. The vital microscopic method is based on a titanium chamber which, after insertion in the rabbit tibia, allows observation and registration of the same bone compartment for a follow-up period of more than one year. The dynamic tissue events taking place after heating to 50 degrees C for one minute were investigated and compared with histological and histochemical data of the bone. The vital microscopic method showed a consistent and widespread bone tissue injury after heating to 50 degrees C for one minute while, on the other hand, the indirect methods exhibited only inconsistent signs of tissue injury. It is concluded that histochemistry using the presence or otherwise of diaphorase enzyme activities is a more reliable method than is histology for the estimation of bone viability after heat trauma. Vital microscopy is more sensitive than indirect, morphologic and metabolic techniques for detection of heat-induced bone tissue injury. PMID- 6549360 TI - [Use of extracorporeal hemosorption for the preoperative preparation of toxic goiter patients]. AB - The method of extracorporal hemosorption was used by the authors first in the clinical practice for the preoperative preparation of patients with thyrotoxicosis. Oxygenated SKN carbons were used as sorbents. The hemosorption was used in 16 patients with thyrotoxic goiter by the method developed in the clinic. The authors make a conclusion that hemosorption is an expedient method for the preoperative preparation of patients with a toxic goiter. PMID- 6549361 TI - [Possibilities of correcting the function of the pulmonary surfactant system]. PMID- 6549362 TI - [Thyroid function in thyrotoxicosis patients after radioiodine therapy]. PMID- 6549363 TI - [Simulation of intramural heart infarct in ECG by beta-receptor blockader]. AB - On the basis of two observations is reported on the apparently rare appearance of coronary T-waves in the ECG after acute talinolol intoxication as well as after permanent medication of propranolol. PMID- 6549364 TI - Hemoglobin-degrading enzymes in experimental subcutaneous hematomas. AB - The activities of heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase were determined in subcutaneous (s.c.) hematomas of rats after different periods of vital time. The postmortem stabilities of the heme-degrading enzymes were also studied by keeping the rats with vital hematomas for 1-5 days at temperatures of +4 degrees C and +22 degrees C. A tenfold increase of heme oxygenase activity over the starting level was observed in 2-9-day-old vital hematomas, when the specimens were taken immediately after death. Biliverdin reductase showed only negligible changes. Postmortally, heme oxygenase activity started to decrease in hematomas immediately at +22 degrees C and from day 2 on at +4 degrees C. PMID- 6549365 TI - Chemical characterization of persistent immunoreactive glucagon in eviscerated rats. AB - Extraction of rat submaxillary salivary glands and ileal mucosa yielded a single immunoreactive glucagon component of 25,000 daltons and a major peak of approximately 9,000 daltons respectively. Eviscerated rats with and without functional livers were found to have decreased, but persistent levels of immunoreactive glucagon and total immunoreactive glucagon, as measured with a pancreatic specific and cross reacting antiserum respectively. Gel filtration of serum samples on Sephadex G-50 fine and G-200 superfine demonstrated that there was no measurable 3485, 9000 or 25,000 dalton glucagon immunoreactivity. The persistent immunoreactive glucagon in the serum of eviscerated rats is a heterogeneous mixture of nonspecific materials and does not contain submaxillary or intestinal glucagon-related materials. These findings suggest caution in the interpretation of glucagon immunoreactivity in serum and demonstrate the necessity for chromatographic analysis of circulating IRG. PMID- 6549366 TI - [Retinopathy of prematurity (V): A new method to record the condition of premature retrolental fibroplasia]. PMID- 6549367 TI - [Analgesic action of intrathecal ketamine in dogs]. PMID- 6549368 TI - From the National Institutes of Health. Precursors to malignant melanoma. PMID- 6549369 TI - The NIH Consensus Report on "Precursors to Malignant Melanoma". A different perspective. PMID- 6549370 TI - Iodinated melatonin: preparation and characterization of the molecular structure by mass and 1H NMR spectroscopy. AB - Synthetic melatonin was iodinated by treatment with potassium iodide in the presence of an oxidizing agent, Iodo-Gen. The iodination products of melatonin were extracted with chloroform and separated by HPLC. The fraction showing immunoreactivity with respect to melatonin antisera was characterized as iodomelatonin by mass spectrometry, so that the substitution of iodine had occurred at a ring carbon atom. 1H NMR spectra showed the iodine to be incorporated at the C-2 position of the indole moiety. The N-[2-(2-iodo-5-methoxy 1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]acetamide (2-iodomelatonin) reported here is more useful than [3H]melatonin as a tracer in melatonin radioimmunoassay. This method offers also the possibility of preparing iodinated serotonin and other indoleamines for biological studies. PMID- 6549371 TI - Luminol assay for microdetermination of superoxide dismutase activity: its application to human fetal blood. AB - A microtechnique for determining the superoxide dismutase activity in erythrocytes is described. This technique involves the inhibition of luminol enhanced chemiluminescence of superoxide anion generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase. Measurements required a steady-state chemiluminescence whether superoxide dismutase was present or absent; the level of luminescence was correlated to enzyme activity. Superoxide dismutase activity measured by this technique was 836 +/- 112 micrograms/g of hemoglobin for whole blood and 834 +/- 109 micrograms/g of hemoglobin for erythrocytes. When the reference technique was applied to larger amounts of blood, the results were 862 +/- 58 and 858 +/- 116 micrograms/g of hemoglobin for whole blood and washed erythrocytes, respectively. The enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase from fetal blood (obtained by venipuncture in utero and of 19-26 weeks gestational age) was similar to that of adult blood, when measured by the new technique. PMID- 6549372 TI - Colorimetric determination of microgram quantities of polylysine by trypan blue precipitation. AB - A simple and sensitive method for the determination of polylysine in solution is described. Polylysine is quantitatively precipitated with trypan blue. The absorbance of unbound dye in the supernatant is inversely proportional to the concentration of this polyamino acid. The precipitation is identical for all sizes of polylysine of molecular weight 13,000 or higher, and is prevented by the addition of either polyanions or serum. The measurable range of polylysine hydrobromide is between 1 and 10 micrograms/ml, which is about 10-fold lower than that by the published methyl orange precipitation method. PMID- 6549373 TI - [Colonic pseudo-occlusion syndrome. Ogilvie's syndrome Apropos of 22 cases]. AB - The syndrome of pseudo colonic obstruction consists of acute or subacute colonic dilatation which presents the diagnostic and therapeutic problems of any low bowel obstruction. Our experience is based on a series of 22 cases and is similar to data in the literature. There is a specific aetiological context: elderly subjects, vascular and neurological diseases, severe infection, trauma, alcoholism. The exclusion of an organic occlusion is not always an easy diagnosis and may require an exploratory laparotomy. The clinical course is dominated by the risk of diastatic perforation which carries a heavy mortality. In the majority of cases, the colonic peristalsis is restored by early diagnosis, repeated decompression with a rectal catheter, together with general measures of rehydration, control of infection and maintenance of satisfactory haemodynamic conditions. In the other cases, a draining colostomy may be required. The pathophysiological mechanism of this form of colonic ileus remains hypothetical, in which various neurogenic, vascular, toxic or metabolic factors may be involved. PMID- 6549374 TI - [Pseudo-obstruction and colonic ischemia]. AB - We report the case of a 78 year old male schizophrenic with pseudo-obstruction of the colon complicated by patent-vessel ischaemia that was diagnosed after sub total colectomy. Surgery was motivated by the chance discovery of a pneumo peritoneum without peritonitis and without any evidence of perforation in the gastro-intestinal tract. We believe that early surgery is required in patients with pseudo-obstruction of the colon, to prevent complications such as ischaemia of the distended bowel wall which, though rare, is also well recognised. PMID- 6549375 TI - [Anorectal manifestations of sexually transmissible diseases. Kaposi's sarcoma]. AB - The proctologist is above all concerned with the known recrudescence of venereal diseases. Examples reviewed are diseases of bacterial origin (syphilis, gonorrhea, soft chancre, donovanosis and chlamydiosis), appropriate antibiotic therapy and diseases of viral origin (herpes, condyloma acuminatum). Also noted are other bacterial, viral and parasitic diseases and, indeed, cancers of which Kaposi's sarcoma is the example, even though these are not manifested anorectally. New data on Kaposi's sarcoma, its' relationships with venereal disease and AIDS are presented. With these complex problems, the central role of male homosexuality and lowered cellular immunity widens considerably the professional scope of the proctologist. PMID- 6549376 TI - Dietary intake of sweet foods and of dairy fats and resultant gustatory responses to sugar in lemonade and to fat in milk. AB - Degree of liking and perceived intensity of sweetness of lemonade containing 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 20, and 30% added sucrose were obtained from a group of 51 young adults, who then completed a dietary questionnaire from which intake of sweet foods was determined. Corresponding information was collected from 53 different subjects who judged degree of liking and perceived intensity of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16% fat in skim milk, and completed questionnaires relative to dietary intake of dairy products, fluid milk, and dairy fat. In general, perceived intensity of taste was an increasing linear function of concentration of the additive, whereas hedonic responses were more parabolic. Subjects varied extensively in their hedonic response patterns, with the majority liking intermediate levels, and the remainder showing marked liking for either high or low levels (ascending or descending with concentration). Significant correlations were obtained between intake of sweet foods and preferences for sweet food alternatives from the questionnaires. The latter, but not the former, correlated with the subjects' hedonic responses to sweetness in the test medium. For fat, significant correlations were obtained among the three intake measures from the questionnaire, which, in turn, did not correlate with the subjects' hedonic responses to fat in the experimental milk. Therefore, the hypothesis was not confirmed that laboratory preferences for high concentrations of sugar or fat were influenced by dietary intake of these substances. Several possible reasons for this finding are considered. PMID- 6549377 TI - [A case of metrizamide encephalopathy with triphasic waves on EEG]. AB - Metrizamide (Amipaque), a water soluble nonionic contrast medium has less toxic effect in comparison with other contrast media, and it is now widely used for myelography, cisternography, ventriculography and cerebrospinal fluid dynamic imaging. However, as the number of cases in which this medium has been utilized has gradually increased, incidents of toxic manifestations have been reported. Among these, there are a considerable number of case reports referring to metrizamide encephalopathy, but only a few authors reported the appearance of triphasic waves on EEG when they occurred. The authors experienced one case of metrizamide encephalopathy accompanied by frequent appearance of triphasic waves on EEG. A 31-year old male was admitted to our hospital with the complaint of right homonymous hemianopsia. At that time he was fully conscious and mentally alert. On CT, 39 mm X 45 mm partially enhanced isodense mass was revealed on the enlarged sella turcica. Laboratory findings showed high titer of prolactin (10200 ng/ml). Premedication of 100 mg phenobarbital i.m. was followed by the tomography of the sella turcica, using 8 ml of 250 mgI/ml metrizamide injected into L 3-L 4 subarachnoid space. Several hours after the examination, he complained of slight nausea and was kept in bed with his head placed in an elevated position. The next morning, he was found to be in a drowsy state. He was disoriented and could not respond adequately to questions asked. His naming of daily necessities was also poor, although he knew how to use them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6549378 TI - Characteristics of tyrosinate fluorescence emission in alpha- and beta purothionins. AB - The CD, absorption, and fluorescence spectra and fluorescence lifetimes of three highly homologous, basic cytotoxic proteins isolated from wheat (alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-purothionins) and a moderately homologous protein isolated from Crambe abyssinica (crambin) have been measured. The purothionins each contain a single tyrosine, while crambin has two tyrosine residues. At neutral pH in buffered solution or in water, beta-purothionin showed a single fluorescence emission peak maximal at 345 nm; alpha 1- and alpha 2-purothionins gave a double humped emission (lambda max 308 and 345 nm), while crambin emitted only at 303 nm. Under acid pH conditions (less than pH 3) or when denatured in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, the spectra of the alpha- and beta-purothionins showed predominantly the 303-nm emission (tau = 3.1 ns) while at pH greater than 10.0 only the 345-nm emission was evinced by all three proteins. Crambin showed typical tyrosine emission in the pH range 3-9 and weak tyrosinate fluorescence at pH greater than 10.5. From these features, and from the absorption and CD spectra, we infer that the 345-nm fluorescence emission of either alpha 1- or beta-purothionin is from tyrosinate moieties. The purothionin emission spectra appear to be generated by excited-state proton transfer rather than from tyrosinate species in the ground state. PMID- 6549379 TI - Raman spectroscopy of homologous plant toxins: crambin and alpha 1- and beta purothionin secondary structures, disulfide conformation, and tyrosine environment. AB - The Raman spectrum of crambin crystals is different from the spectrum of crambin in solution. The amide I spectrum of crambin in solution is not different from the solution spectra of proteins homologous (greater than 40%) with crambin, alpha 1- and beta-purothionins. We have two interpretations of these results. One is that helical segments in crambin and the purothionins in solution are more irregular than those in crystalline crambin. Comparative analyses of amide I and amide III spectra, and of the conformational preferences of the amino acid sequences of these proteins, are consistent with this interpretation. The other is that, due to the way helical segments in crambin are stacked end on end along the same axis in the crystal, transition dipole coupling along the axis of these extended helixes enhances the amide I intensity of helical residues. On the basis of a combined Raman and sequence conformational analysis, we propose that the structure of the purothionins is the same as that of crambin in solution and that residues 7-12 in crystalline crambin are somewhat more regular and ordered than they are in solutions. PMID- 6549380 TI - Complete sequence of one of the mRNAs coding for the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of Nicotiana sylvestris. AB - The combination of cDNA and RNA sequencing techniques has enabled determination of the complete sequence of one of the mRNAs coding for the precursor of the small subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase of Nicotiana sylvestris. In this 898-nucleotide-long mRNA, 540 nucleotides code for the entire 180-amino-acid long precursor polypeptide consisting of the 57-amino acid-long transit peptide and the 123-amino-acid-long mature protein, while 60 and 195 nucleotides belong to the 5' and 3' noncoding flanking regions, respectively. The 5' end, which is very rich in AG residues, contains several direct and indirect repeated sequences, and a possible hairpin structure. The 3' end, terminated by a 103 nucleotide-long poly-A tail, is very rich in AU residues but does not contain the classical polyadenylation signal sequence. PMID- 6549381 TI - Mass spectral and HPLC analysis of biological compounds with diphenylborinic acid. AB - Diphenylborinic acid is shown to react with a variety of polyfunctional molecules of biological interest to give products which are easily identifiable by mass spectrometry. The diphenylborinate adducts of amino acids possess extraordinary stability and are separable by reverse phase chromatography. The stability of products is discussed with regard to the nature and stereochemical arrangement of the functional groups involved in complex formation. PMID- 6549382 TI - Post-meiotic transcription in mouse testes detected with spermatid cDNA clones. AB - cDNA clones to poly(A)+ mRNA from spermatids have been obtained to study gene transcription in postmeiotic germ cells. Four cDNA clones detect mRNAs that increase in abundance in post-meiotic germ cells. One clone, pPM459, was shown to correspond to an mRNA that is transcribed after meiosis. Pulse-labelling experiments demonstrate transcription of the message in spermatids. These data constitute further evidence for post-meiotic gene transcription in spermatids. PMID- 6549383 TI - Synthesis of cortol 3-glucuronides and cortolone 3-glucuronides. PMID- 6549384 TI - Action of free radical generating systems upon the biological and immunological properties of caeruloplasmin. AB - Exposure of human caeruloplasmin, an acute phase protein with antioxidant properties, to a mixture of xanthine/hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase as a source of reactive oxygen intermediates decreased its ferroxidase and ascorbate oxidase activities and its ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Immunological reactivity was also altered. Exposure to hydrogen peroxide mimicked these effects. Exposure to low-intensity u.v. irradiation depressed caeruloplasmin's ability to inhibit iron-catalysed hyaluronic acid degradation. The results may explain the mechanism of the observed inactivation of caeruloplasmin within human rheumatoid synovial fluid. PMID- 6549385 TI - Lipogenic enzyme activity and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentration in livers of two lines of domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) selected for different body fat content. AB - Livers were obtained from two lines of domestic broiler which had been selected for low (lean) and high (fat) plasma very-low-density lipoprotein concentration over three generations. The fat line possessed significantly higher hepatic specific activities of malate dehydrogenase (NADP), ATP citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase, and lower glucose bisphosphatase than the lean line. The glycolytic enzymes, pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase, were similar and so was the concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. This recently discovered metabolic regulator was present at somewhat higher concentrations than previously reported in rats or mice. It exhibited a positive correlation with phosphofructokinase activity (only data for the fat line are shown), and stimulated enzyme activity when added to crude preparations. PMID- 6549386 TI - ZSEQ: an interactive DNA sequence analysis program designed for microcomputers. PMID- 6549387 TI - ZPEP: an interactive protein sequence analysis program designed for microcomputers. PMID- 6549388 TI - Fermented milks: new developments in the biochemistry of the starter cultures. PMID- 6549389 TI - Problems of venereal disease in Nigeria. 2. Staphylococcus aureus as a possible cause of non-gonococcal urethritis. AB - The incidence of non-gonococcal urethritis has increased more than four-fold in the last decade and is now one of the most common of the sexually transmitted diseases. In a study of 429 cases of male urethritis presenting to a health centre in Nigeria, 202 (41%) of the cases had Gram-positive cocci present. Culture grew Staphylococcus aureus in 178 (53.7%) of the cases. The sensitivity of the organisms to antibiotics was tested, enabling effective antibiotics to be identified. It is suggested that Staphylococcus aureus may be a major cause of non-gonococcal urethritis. PMID- 6549390 TI - [Ontogenetic characteristics of the structural organization of brain electrical activity in children]. PMID- 6549391 TI - [Long-term course of acute and subacute thyroiditis (case contribution on 103 cases)]. PMID- 6549392 TI - Tumor uptake of radiolabelled pyrimidine bases and pyrimidine nucleosides in animal models--V. 6-[36Cl]chlorouracil, 6-[82Br]bromouracil and 6 [123I]iodouracil. PMID- 6549393 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the tobacco mosaic virus (tomato strain) genome and comparison with the common strain genome. AB - The sequence of about 4,500 nucleotides of the internal part of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-tomato strain (L) RNA has been newly determined using cloned cDNAs. Together with the previously determined partial sequences at both ends, the entire sequence of the 6,384 nucleotide genome has been completed. The 130K (1,115 amino acids), 180K (1,615 amino acids), 30K (263 amino acids) and coat protein (158 amino acids) cistrons are located at residues 72-3442, 72-4922, 4906 5700, and 5703-6182 on the genome, respectively. Sequence polymorphism was not observed except for heterogeneity in the length of the A cluster near the 3' end. The homology of the nucleotide sequences of TMV-L and TMV-vulgare, a common strain, is about 80% on average. Remarkable differences between them were found in a part of the N-terminal portion of the 130K/180K protein and the C-terminal portion of the 30K protein. A new method for cDNA cloning was developed by which the cDNA of the 5'-terminus of viral RNA can be cloned efficiently. PMID- 6549394 TI - Direct resolution of mono- and diol enantiomers of unsubstituted and methyl substituted benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene by high-performance liquid chromatography with a chiral stationary phase. AB - The direct resolution of 86 structurally related monomethyl, mono-ol, and trans- and cis-diol enantiomers of unsubstituted and methyl-substituted benz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography with a commercially available column, packed with an (R)-N-(3,5 dinitrobenzoyl)phenylglycine, ionically bonded to gamma-aminopropylsilanized silica. The results indicate that structural factors, such as conformation, presence of a methyl substituent, molecular size and shape, and ring saturation all contribute to chiral interactions between the chiral stationary phase and the solutes. Detailed chiral recognition mechanisms can not yet be established, due to complex structural factors that influence enantiomeric resolutions and the lack of data on the absolute configurations of the resolved enantiomers. Nevertheless, the chromatographic method can be applied to the determination of enantiomeric purity of mono- and diol metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The absolute configurations of a limited number of resolved enantiomers have been established. PMID- 6549395 TI - Identification of 6-deoxyallitol and 6-deoxygulitol in human urine. Electron impact mass spectra of eight isomers of 6-deoxyhexitol. PMID- 6549396 TI - Validation of cytochemical section bioassay for thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins in treated and untreated Graves' disease. AB - The cytochemical section-bioassay of thyroid stimulating activity is described. Plasma of thyrotoxic patients as well as those on block-replace treatment with carbimazole and thyroid hormones was used. Linear parallel responses were obtained over the range 1.5 X 10(-7) to 1.5 X 10(-5) mU/1 MRC LATS-B standard. The index of precision was 0.19 +/- 0.028. The fiducial limits (p=0.95) of a sample tested on ten separate occasions were 52-192%. Specificity was investigated using time course studies, and the effect of anti-TSH or anti-IgG antisera. No effect of methimazole or a variety of other drugs was detected. The assay is accordingly validated for measurement of TSI in patients both untreated and on block-replace therapy. PMID- 6549397 TI - [Purification and effects of a low molecular weight inhibitor (non-peptide) of porcine spleen on in vitro colony formation by bone marrow cells]. PMID- 6549398 TI - Autoantibody profile in thyroid diseases in black Kenyans. AB - A controlled prospective study of autoantibody profile on black Kenyan patients with non-toxic goitre (116), thyrotoxicosis (131) and age, sex matched hospital controls is reported. The prevalence of thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies is 3.5% in smooth non-toxic goitre and is 5.2% in the nodular non toxic goitre compared to 1% of the control. The results reflect that autoimmune thyroiditis is less common in Kenyan hospital controls and smooth simple goitre which is even more pronounced in case of multinodular simple goitre as compared to the Caucasians. The prevalence of microsomal antibody of 54% and the occurrence of high titres in 19% of the toxic group is relatively similar in Caucasians and black Kenyans. However, thyroglobulin antibody and parietal cell antibody are far less frequent in the Kenyan toxic group as compared to Caucasians. In conclusion, the black Kenyan toxic cases are reluctant to produce thyroglobulin and parietal cell antibodies while microsomal antibody production is unaffected. The latter is thought to be more significant in the development and progression of autoimmune thyroiditis. The dissociated behaviour of the two thyroid specific antibodies and thyrogastric axis in black Kenyans strongly suggest that the immunogenetic control of these and the related diseases is different in them as compared to the Caucasians. PMID- 6549399 TI - Effects of trypsin and protein modification on the renal transporter of p aminohippurate. AB - Basal-lateral membranous vesicles prepared from rabbit renal cortex exhibited Mg2+-stimulated, probenecid-inhibitable transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH). This uptake could be completely eliminated by incubating the membranes with trypsin at a weight ratio of 1:700 (trypsin/membrane protein). The loss of PAH uptake activity occurred in two stages. Over the first ten minutes of the vesicles' exposure to trypsin, there was a nearly linear loss, with respect to time, of about 80% of the PAH uptake activity. The remaining 20% of activity was resistant to further trypsin digestion for the next ten minutes, but by twenty-five minutes a total inactivation of the uptake activity occurred. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of normal and trypsin-treated vesicles showed very little degradation of proteins. However, two minor polypeptides (Mr - 410,000 and 388,000) were degraded during the first ten minutes of the membranes' exposure to trypsin. After twenty minutes of exposure, two other polypeptides (Mr = 94,500 and 87,500) were degraded. Chymotrypsin and clostripain also caused a loss of PAH transport activity. However, compared to the effects of trypsin, the effects of these two proteases were less complete, slower in onset, and for clostripain, a much higher concentration of enzyme was required. Other functions or properties of the vesicles including morphological appearance, degree of vesiculation, glucose space or Na+-dependent L-glutamate transport and Na+,K+ ATPase activity were not altered by the concentration of trypsin which abolished 80% of the transport of PAH. Thus, it is possible that one or more of the degraded polypeptides detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis comprises the PAH transporter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6549400 TI - Kinetics of irreversible inhibition of choline transport in synaptosomes by ethylcholine mustard aziridinium. AB - Ethylcholine mustard aziridinium (ECMA) inhibits choline transport in synaptosomes at a half-maximal concentration of about 20 microM. The rate of inhibition falls off rapidly after 10 min and the concentration dependency reaches a plateau at about 100 microM. The inhibition is not removed by washing the synaptosomes, and choline and hemicholinium-3 protect the carrier against attack by the mustard. Choline efflux, particularly that stimulated by choline in the medium (transactivation) is also inhibited by the aziridinium compound. Similarly choline influx activated by preloaded internal choline is inhibited by ECMA. The mustard can enter the synaptosomes in an active form but most of the carrier is alkylated when facing the outside. Prior depolarization of the synaptosomes causes an increase in the rate of inhibition by ECMA which is proportionally about the same as the increase in choline influx also caused by depolarization. At low ECMA concentrations the rate of inhibition is that of a first-order reaction with the carrier but at high ECMA concentrations the translocation of the carrier to the outward-facing conformation controls the rate of inhibition. Using a model of choline transport with some simplifying assumptions it is possible to estimate the amount of carrier; cholinergic synaptosomes carry about six times the concentration of carrier found in noncholinergic ones. In noncholinergic synaptosomes the carrier faces predominately out, the reverse in cholinergic ones. The rate constant of carrier translocation is increased by combination with choline some six- to sevenfold to about 3.5 min-1. The rate constant of ECMA attack on the carrier is about 440 M-1 sec-1. PMID- 6549401 TI - Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and platelet aggregation in patients with essential hypertension. AB - Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2), the stable nonenzymatic metabolites of prostacyclin and TXA2, respectively, were assayed in 26 patients with essential hypertension and 25 normotensive subjects to investigate the pathophysiological role of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in essential hypertension. A tourniquet test was also performed on the upper limb of each subject to study the reactivity in peripheral vessels. In addition, platelet aggregation was investigated. There were significantly increased plasma TXB2 concentrations and platelet aggregation and significantly decreased plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations in patients with essential hypertension as compared with normotensive subjects. The responses to tourniquet tests were also different. There were significantly increased plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 and platelet aggregation in normotensive subjects, but no significant changes with essential hypertension as compared to resting values. These results indicate that the reduction of plasma prostacyclin and increase of plasma TXA2 may contribute to the maintenance of blood pressure elevation in patients with essential hypertension. In addition, it is also suggested that increased prostacyclin generation in normotensive subjects during the tourniquet test is a protective mechanism. In patients with essential hypertension, the protective activity is reduced. PMID- 6549402 TI - [Therapy of hyperthyroidism with Na 131I]. PMID- 6549403 TI - Goniotomy with Q-switched Nd-YAG laser in juvenile developmental glaucoma: a preliminary report. AB - Goniotomy using Nd-YAG laser was carried out in 8 eyes of 6 cases with juvenile primary developmental glaucoma, in one eye with primary congenital glaucoma, in one eye with Axenfeld's anomaly and in one eye with Sturge-Weber syndrome. The chamber angles of these eyes showed various degrees of trabeculodysgenesis, and the laser shots placed anterior to the end of the iris insertion separated the iris tissue from the trabecular band. The angle circumference over 3 to 8.5 hours with an average of 4.8 hours could be treated by one session of the laser treatment in 8 eyes and by two sessions in 3 eyes. In cases with juvenile primary developmental glaucoma, the intraocular pressure (IOP) could be controlled below 20 mmHg with antiglaucomatous medication in 5 eyes by one session and in 2 eyes by two sessions of the laser treatment, but the IOP was not controlled in one eye. In the eye with primary congenital glaucoma aged 41 years and the eye with Sturge-Weber syndrome, the treatment failed to control the IOP. In the eye with Axenfeld's anomaly, the IOP was controlled with reduced medication. The postoperative complications embraced iritis, anterior chamber hemorrhage and IOP rise, but they left no serious consequences. Nd-YAG laser goniotomy may be useful for the treatment of juvenile primary developmental glaucoma. PMID- 6549404 TI - [Programming an automated system for processing radioisotope information for work with multichannel radiodiagnostic equipment]. AB - The purpose of the study is to develop the basic software compatible with a computerized system for data collection and processing from multi-channel radiodiagnostic units. As clinical tests have shown functional capabilities of specially designed system ensure data collection and processing for all practical methods presently accepted in nuclear medicine. PMID- 6549405 TI - [Experience in plasma-detonation coating of the working parts of medical instruments with nickel-aluminide-based alloys]. AB - The composition, the structure, and basic physical and mechanical properties of coatings composed of the nickel aluminide-based alloys HA-67, BKHA are examined. They are obtained by the detonation and plasma methods and by the combined detonation-plasma method as well. Because of the increased binder-base strength, a great and more uniform hardness, plasma-detonation coatings have been shown to be optimal as compared to the detonation and plasma methods. The greater hardness is directly related to the increased content of nickel aluminide in the plasma detonation coatings. PMID- 6549406 TI - [Xenograft of human bronchial squamous cell carcinoma and its sensitivity to therapy]. PMID- 6549407 TI - [Hyperthyroidism in thyroid cancer. Retrospective study of 53 cases]. AB - Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 53 of 273 thyroid carcinoma patients at the time of their first examination (between 1971 and 1983). This corresponds to 19.5% of these mainly well-differentiated thyroid cancers. In 24 (45%) patients the hyperthyroidism and the thyroid carcinoma were two separate distinct illnesses: of 4 patients with Graves' disease (1.5% of 273), 2 had been operated because of an additional solitary cold nodule, and in the other 2 an occult carcinoma was found intraoperatively. Twenty patients of this group had Plummer's disease: there was a malignant cold nodule within a multinodular goiter with multifocal functional autonomy (MFA)(n = 14) or a carcinoma located near the solitary hot nodule of the toxic adenoma (TA)(n = 6). In these patients the distribution of the different histologies was about the same as in other thyroid cancer patients from this region. The remaining 29 patients (55%) had Plummer's disease, 28 with the classical finding of a solitary toxic adenoma, in which the hot nodule and the malignant tumor were identical. It was possible to confirm this identity histologically in 10 out of 24 cases, retrospectively. Eight of these patients had metastases with radioiodine uptake at the time of the first examination. Of the tumors in this group, 24 were follicular and 5 papillary carcinomas. As a rough estimate, one malignant, scintigraphically hot tumor is found for every 50 benign toxic adenomas. Criteria for the differentiation are: recent growth of the nodule, tumor size of greater than 5 cm diameter or greater than 35 g and an elevated T3-level of less than 0.06 nmol/l/g tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6549408 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma: therapeutic results and prospectives]. AB - The outlook for children with rhabdomyosarcoma has change significantly in these last years. With an adeguate combined modality therapy more than 50% of these children may be cured. The results of the IRS-I indicate that the 3 year relapse free survival rates are 85% for patients in group I 70% for those in group II, 45% for those in group III and 15% for those in group IV. In addition to the clinical group other significant prognostic factors are histologic cell type (alveolar, unfavorable) and primary site (disease in extremities and in retroperitoneal area, unfavorable). The chemiotherapy must be used in all patients for 12-24 months. The effective drugs are VCR, ACT-D, CTX, ADR combined in different schedules. It has been demonstrated that the effective doses of radiotherapy range from 4000 to 5000 rad and that radiotherapy may be omitted in patients in group I. Now a less aggressive surgical procedures may be employed, and patients with primary tumor in the orbit or in the pelvic organs may be cured saving the eye, or the bladder, the vagina and the uterus. PMID- 6549409 TI - Neuropeptide Y: a potent inducer of consummatory behavior in rats. AB - Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide with potent cardiovascular effects. In the present study, intraventricular injection of NPY was shown to markedly stimulate feeding and drinking during the illuminated period of the light/dark cycle, a time when rats ingest small amounts of food. It also enhanced nocturnal food and water intake following a 24 hour period of food deprivation and during nocturnal feeding. The NPY induction of food intake was suppressed by the opiate antagonist, naloxone, and by the dopamine antagonist, haloperidol. Phentolamine, an alpha adrenergic antagonist, failed to suppress NPY-induced feeding. Based on the maximum quantity of food which was ingested following central administration of NPY, this peptide appears to represent one of the most potent stimulators of feeding yet to be described. PMID- 6549410 TI - Using a microcomputer program to avoid sunburn. AB - A simple microcomputer program is described which is designed to calculate the time that can be spent in the sun without the risk of sunburn following the input of the seven variables listed below: Time of year (month); Weather; Subject's complexion; Subject's activity outdoors; Whether or not a sunscreen is being used; Subject's geographical latitude on the Earth's surface; Time of day at which sun exposure begins. The calculated 'safe exposure time' is, of course, not exact, but it will give a reasonable guide to follow. PMID- 6549411 TI - [Preliminary elaboration of the method of complex treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma]. AB - 24 children with rhabdomyosarcoma were treated in Clinical Department of Pediatric Oncology of the Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw during last 2 years. Complex therapy consisted of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and rehabilitation. Choice method of the treatment depends of stagging by Intergroup RMS Study. Basic method is surgery (radical excision with margin of neighbouring tissue). Modern multi-drug chemotherapy has changed strategy of the treatment by means of less extended surgery. Radiotherapy in RMS has to be mega-voltage what gives short time of irradiation and less complication. Rehabilitation as a component of complex therapy of RMS has to preserve function of treated organ and in cases after mutilated surgery becomes rehabilitated procedure. PMID- 6549412 TI - [Elaboration of a model for the rehabilitation of children with severe hearing loss]. AB - New diagnostic model of rehabilitation in young deaf children was performed. Study presents 33 patients with a profound hearing impairment examined by means of "day-time hospital". PMID- 6549413 TI - VIP and PHI coexist with an NPY-like peptide in intramural neurones of the small intestine. AB - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) are neuropeptides present in all layers of the small intestine. NPY-immunoreactive fibres in the gut seem to derive from two sources. One population is of extramural (sympathetic) origin and contains noradrenaline, another is of intramural origin and does not contain noradrenaline. In the present study of mouse, rat and pig, immunocytochemistry showed immunoreactive PHI to coexist completely with immunoreactive VIP. This was predictable, since VIP and PHI derive from the same precursor. In addition, however, VIP and PHI were found to coexist with immunoreactive NPY in non-adrenergic (but not in adrenergic) nerve fibres and nerve cell bodies. This coexistence was unexpected, since the VIP precursor does not contain NPY-like sequences. PMID- 6549414 TI - [Sexually transmissible diseases: a therapeutic updating]. PMID- 6549415 TI - [Preliminary assay in the laboratory to verify the molluscacidal effect of various species of Brazilian flora]. PMID- 6549416 TI - Protein C antigen is not an acute phase reactant and is often high in ischemic heart disease and diabetes. AB - Protein C, an antithrombotic protein, was measured immunologically in 299 patients with clinical conditions associated with a high frequency of venous or arterial thromboembolism. The mean protein C antigen (PC:Ag) level was high for 48 patients with ischemic heart disease and, to a lesser extent, for 95 diabetics. In 28 patients with thrombotic strokes, 48 patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis and in 80 patients with localized or metastatic tumors, mean PC:Ag was normal. Comparison of the pattern of changes of PC:Ag levels with those of fibrinogen, orosomucoid and prothrombin in 21 patients during the postoperative period and in 20 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis ruled out the possibility that high PC:Ag is non-specific, acute-phase reaction to inflammation, tissue injury or neoplastic growth. Therefore, high PC:Ag might be specifically related to the thrombotic tendency of these patients, but the mechanism of such a relationship remains to be clarified. PMID- 6549417 TI - Cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity in human placenta and bovine adrenals: an one-step method for separation of pregnenolone formed in vitro. AB - Cholesterol side-chain cleavage (CSCC) activity towards exogenous cholesterol was quantified by an one-step reversed-phase minicolumn method for the separation of pregnenolone formed in the reaction. The assay is rapid and reproducible. The method is linear for up to 2 mg of placental mitochondrial protein and up to 1 mg of bovine adrenal mitochondrial protein in the incubata over 30 min and 5 min reaction times, respectively. Average Km and Vmax values were 14.1 microM and 3.4 pmol/min/mg for the placental preparation and 1.5 microM and 20.7 pmol/min/mg for the bovine adrenal mitochondrial preparation. In human placenta, the mitochondrial fraction contained most of the CSCC activity. Inhibition studies showed that aminoglutethimide (500 microM) inhibited both placental and bovine adrenal activities at the same level (about 80-90% inhibition) but androstenedione (500 microM), metyrapone (500 microM), benzo(a)pyrene (800 microM) and Emulgen 911 (0.05%) were more effective in human placental preparations. Neither of the activities were inhibited to any great extent by alpha-naphthoflavone (500 microM), SKF 525A (500 microM) or 7-ethoxycoumarin (1 mM). PMID- 6549418 TI - Transient optic neuropathy secondary to MOPP chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease: report of a case. AB - The authors describe a case of optic neuropathy in a child undergoing MOPP chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease stage IIISA. Visual acuity improved after substitution of the aforementioned regimen with ABVD chemotherapy, and reached 1 during maintenance therapy with vinblastine. Various neurologic deficits have been ascribed to vincristine, a well-known neurotoxin. This case of optic neuropathy is supposed to be a rare example of involvement of the 2nd cranial nerve due to vinca alkaloids. The absence of neurotoxicity of vinblastine in this case is emphasized. PMID- 6549419 TI - [Comparative study of different treatments in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6549420 TI - [Classification of syphilis and the current terminology of venereal diseases]. PMID- 6549421 TI - [Biological properties of acetomepregenol ointment on the hydrophilic base CACAP]. PMID- 6549422 TI - Gastric cytoprotection by pirenzepine is not mediated by catecholamines. AB - The effects of pirenzepine (in a dose of 25.0 mg X kg-1) and atropine (2.5 mg X kg-1) were studied on the development of gastric ulceration produced by pylorus ligation, polymyxin B and absolute ethanol, as well as on the gastric secretory responses and plasma level of noradrenaline. It was found that: (1) pirenzepine significantly decreased the development of ulcer formation produced by pylorus ligation, polymyxin B and absolute ethanol without any antisecretory response; (2) atropine inhibited gastric acid secretion, but no effect was obtained on ulcus produced by pylorus ligation, polymyxin B and absolute ethanol; (3) the plasma level of noradrenaline could be decreased by atropine and pirenzepine, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. It has been concluded that catecholamines are not involved in the gastric cytoprotective mechanism of pirenzepine. PMID- 6549423 TI - Molecular genetics of Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 6549424 TI - Activity and competition-dependent synapse repression in culture. PMID- 6549425 TI - [Initial results of in vitro fertilization and cultivation of human preovulatory ova in sterile women]. PMID- 6549426 TI - Dideoxy DNA sequencing with end-labeled oligonucleotide primers. AB - End-labeled oligonucleotide primers may be used effectively as the source of radiolabel in DNA sequencing by the dideoxy method. The approach is demonstrated with various end-labeled oligonucleotides, including a commercially prepared universal primer and a mixed-sequence probe. Single-stranded (M13) or denatured double-stranded template may be used. The end-labeled primers and their extension products may be stored for weeks. The method is useful for identification of clones isolated by oligonucleotide hybridization and it provides a convenient, economical alternative to the use of alpha-labeled deoxynucleoside triphosphate. PMID- 6549427 TI - [Changes in systemic hemodynamics after primary and repeated intravenous administration of kalipsol]. PMID- 6549428 TI - Tonography software and hardware interface. AB - A software and hardware interface system was created for an electronic tonography unit, with capabilities for continuous acquisition storage and display on data in both graphic and digital modes. Software was prepared for computation, printout and display of both the facility of outflow coefficient and Po/c values. PMID- 6549429 TI - Ne-YAG laser damage to glass intraocular lens. PMID- 6549430 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects of non-Hodgkin's malignant rectocolic lymphoma]. AB - The malignant lymphomas (ML) of the colon are the rarest of the non-hodgkinsian ML of the digestive tract. The caecum and rectum are the most frequent locations for these colonic ML. They can occur as primary tumours or as secondary manifestations resulting from the evolution of other primary ML in other locations. The macroscopic appearance varies according to the size and number of lesions. The histological classifications in current use are based on both morphological and functional data. The most interesting of these is the one proposed by Lennert which distinguishes between the ML of low malignancy (tumours where small cells predominate) and those of high malignant (tumours made up of large cells). The prognostic depends on both the stage of growth and the type of treatment applied. PMID- 6549431 TI - [Therapeutic indications in digestive localizations of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults]. AB - One third of all extranodal sites of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are localized to the digestive tract. Forty-six cases with digestive tract localization were studied, of which 15 were localized forms. Histologically, 70 p. cent were diffuse lymphomas with poor prognosis. The present survival rate for localized forms following chemotherapy is 77 p. cent, which plateaux at two years, as compared to 34 p. cent for disseminated forms. Treatment of digestive tract localizations should be similar to that of nodal forms with the same histology. With the development of intensive chemotherapeutic regimens over the last few years, the cure rate is hoped to attain 65 p. cent in disseminated forms, and 87 p. cent in localized forms. PMID- 6549432 TI - [Adverse effects of drugs acting on the upper digestive system: anti-ulcer agents and modifiers of motoricity]. PMID- 6549433 TI - [Infectious endocarditis caused by Listeria monocytogenes and mycotic aneurysm of the deep femoral artery. Report of a case]. PMID- 6549434 TI - Endothelium and hypoxic responses. PMID- 6549435 TI - A calculator program for estimating model-independent pharmacokinetic parameters. PMID- 6549436 TI - [Synthesis of 3-nitro-1-nitroso-1-(4-pyridylmethyl)guanidine and related compounds]. PMID- 6549437 TI - Prognostic value of various immunological tests in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. AB - Eighty-three patients, operated for carcinoma of the breast, received adjuvant therapy with chlorambucil, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-flourouracil. This group was subjected to a study exploring prognostic value, as defined by disease-free survival, of some immune variables. These included numbers of blood lymphocytes expressing membrane receptors for sheep erythrocytes (mainly T-cells), receptors for C'3 (mainly B-cells) and proliferative responses of the cells to phytohemagglutinin, purified protein derivative of tuberculin and in a mixed lymphocyte culture. Follow-up time was 30 71 months after start of adjuvant therapy. None of these variables showed any significant relation to prognosis in the present patient material. In addition, there was no detectable relation between numbers of eosinophils in the blood and disease-free survival. The well-known importance of tumor size and/or involvement of axillary nodes was, however, confirmed. PMID- 6549438 TI - Inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from Athyrium mesosorum. PMID- 6549439 TI - Hydroxylation of phenylalanine by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system. PMID- 6549440 TI - Cardiac hormones: morphological and functional aspects. PMID- 6549441 TI - The cardiovascular effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY). AB - NPY (1ng-10/micrograms) had no effect on mean arterial pressure (MAP) or heart rate (HR) when administered into the lateral brain ventricle or cisterna magna of conscious, chronically instrumented normotensive, male Wistar rats. However upon intravenous injection (0.1-5/micrograms) it produced a dose related pressor response accompanied by bradycardia. This pressor effect was not influenced by prazosin infusion (100 micrograms/kg/min). These results suggest that NPY has no direct role in central cardiovascular regulation, but peripherally is a very potent vasoconstrictor peptide. PMID- 6549442 TI - Renovascular distribution of NPY and its vasoconstrictor and natriuretic properties. PMID- 6549443 TI - Neuropeptide Y and noradrenaline interaction in peripheral cardiovascular control. PMID- 6549444 TI - [Considerations on the surgical treatment of fractures of the tibial plateau]. PMID- 6549445 TI - [A report of 6 cases of thyroid acropathy]. PMID- 6549446 TI - A new inotropic aminosteroid: LND 623. AB - It is usually postulated that the side chain attached to 17 beta position on the steroid nucleus of the cardioactive glycosides is a major determinant of their pharmacological activity. A new aminosteroid (LND 623) has been prepared. Despite the fact that the structural features quoted above are lacking, the product demonstrates a strong inotropic effect. LND 623 was active at the same range of concentrations as ouabain or digoxin. However, the maximum increase of the contractile force was significantly higher. The strength of the inotropic action is not modified in the presence of propranolol. The preliminary results suggest that the molecular requirements for the interaction of the drugs with the 'inotropic receptor' may be re-examined. PMID- 6549447 TI - Glucagon-like peptides in the CNS of man: localization and possible functional importance. AB - Glucagon-like peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) of man with the immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method were studied. It has been found that there are immunoreactive glucagon cells present in the hypothalamus hippocampus, amygdaloid nuclei cerebral cortex, and medulla oblongata region. The findings confirm earlier investigations from this laboratory performed along this line. PMID- 6549448 TI - [Mathematical modeling of the mechanisms of signal processing by neuronal populations in the brain. II. The effect of synaptic plasticity on the properties of the neuronal network with local connections in the stationary mode]. PMID- 6549449 TI - Toxicology of nickel. AB - Rabbits were exposed to low levels of airborne metals for 1-8 months, 5 days/week, 6 hours/day. After exposure, lung tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. Macrophages lavaged from the left lung were examined morphologically and functionally. Phospholipids were analysed in lung tissue or lavage fluid. Metallic nickel dust, 0.1-1 mg/m3, affected alveolar macrophages, alveolar epithelial type II cells and phospholipids. In the lung tissue, nodular accumulation of macrophages was seen, and the volume density of alveolar type II cells was elevated. The amount of phospholipids was markedly increased, mainly due to an increase in disaturated phosphatidylcholines. After 1 month of exposure the macrophages appeared active. After 3 months they appeared 'overfed' and inactive. Metallic iron, chromium and cobalt did not produce the same effects as nickel. Exposure to 0.2 mg/m3 soluble nickel as nickel chloride produced almost identical effects to those of metallic nickel, indicating that the effect of the metallic nickel particles was caused by nickel ions. Exposure to cadmium chloride produced nearly all the effects produced by nickel chloride. However, cadmium chloride increased the level of lysozyme in the macrophages whereas nickel chloride decreased it. Cadmium chloride also produced interstitial alveolitis and cytoplasmic blebs on the surface of the macrophages. Cobalt chloride affected the growth of the type II cells, which formed nodules, but did not seem to affect the production of surfactant material by those cells. Copper chloride produced no effect apart from a slight increase in volume density of the type II cells. Thus, of four divalent metal ions, three (Ni2+, Cd2+ and Co2+) in similar concentrations in the inhaled air produced clear but different pathological effects in the lungs. PMID- 6549450 TI - A study of betel quid carcinogenesis. II. Formation of N-nitrosamines during betel quid chewing. AB - In model studies, nitrosation of the major areca alkaloid, arecoline, leads to the formation of N-nitrosoguvacoline, 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionitrile (MNPN), 3-(methylnitrosamino)propionaldehyde and two unknown N-nitrosamines. MNPN is a strong carcinogen in Fischer 344 rats. After subcutaneous injection of 1.1 mmol MNPN in 60 doses, all 15 male and 15 female rats developed tumours within 24 weeks; multiple tumours occurred in 26 of the rats. Eighty-seven percent of the animals had tumours of the oesophagus, 70% had nasal cavity tumours, 37% had tumours of the tongue, 7% tumours of the pharynx and 7% tumors of the forestomach. At the dose used, male and female rats showed no significant difference in tumour incidence or site of tumours. The formation of MNPN during betel quid chewing, although likely, has not yet been proven, while the areca derived N-nitrosamine, N-nitrosoguvacoline (NG), has been found in the saliva of betel quid chewers at levels of 2.2-348 micrograms/L. N-Nitrosoguvacoline levels were higher in the saliva of chewers who used betel quid together with tobacco. The saliva of these chewers also contained tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines. PMID- 6549451 TI - Evaluation of standard Dharmendra lepromin. AB - Dharmendra lepromin standardized at Central JALMA Institute for Leprosy (CJIL) by bacterial counts was used by different observers in four different Centres to assess the early and late reactions. Patients taken into the study were from different ethnic groups in different regions of the country. Comparable skin reactions were found at the Bombay Leprosy Project (BLP), Bombay and at the CJIL, Agra wherein a large number of patients were taken in the study. Similarly, when a smaller number of patients were taken in the study at the Base Hospital (BH), Barrackpore, and at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, the skin reactions noted in patients at these Centres were again found to be statistically comparable. PMID- 6549452 TI - Time trends in the analysis of incidence rate of leprosy among household contacts. AB - Analysis of time trends in the Incidence Rates among 9.598 household contacts of 1,614 primary cases of leprosy, showed that the incidence rates (IR) remained high even 10 years after treatment was started in the Primary Case. The IR during the 1st year of follow-up was 3.8 per 1000 person years of risk (PYR) and the IR was 3 per 1000 PYR after 10 or more years of follow-up. The significance of these findings in relationship to the Epidemiology of leprosy among household contacts in an endemic area for leprosy is discussed. PMID- 6549453 TI - Reversible acute renal failure due to monthly administration of rifampicin in a leprosy patient. AB - Special complications due to intermittent rifampicin administration have been well documented, specially for the treatment of tuberculosis. Multi-drug therapy recommended for the treatment of leprosy by W.H.O. (1982) advocates the administration of rifampicin at monthly interval and at this level of infrequent administration, complications linked with intermittent therapy are seldom noted. An adult male put on W.H.O. regimen for the treatment of lepromatous leprosy developed acute renal failure at the time of second and third monthly doses of rifampicin therapy, but recovered completely due to prompt treatment. PMID- 6549454 TI - Ultrastructural study of epidermal Langherhans cells in leprosy. AB - ATPase staining and ultrastructural study of skin biopsies from six patients of leprosy (2TT, 4LL) and three normal subjects was carried out to study Langherhans Cells (LC). ATPase staining showed normal counts of LCs in tuberculoid patients, while significant reduction was observed in lepromatous cases. Electron microscopy revealed morphological changes in LL cases in the form of dense matrix and indistinct cristae of mitochondria; decreased number of lysosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum; and numerous vacuoles in cytoplasm. TT cases showed normal morphology. Possible role of Langerhans Cells in pathogenesis of leprosy is discussed. PMID- 6549455 TI - Respiratory dysautonomia in leprosy. AB - Autonomic neuropathy in leprosy has been reported recently. 25 cases of polar lepromatous leprosy with and without lepra-reaction and 25 normal control, have been studied for respiratory dysautonomia. In 12 cases out of 25 (48%) involvement of sympathetic respiratory reflexes has been observed. Possible causes of the same are discussed. PMID- 6549456 TI - Comparative value of Dapsone "spot test" and Dapsone "tile test" in leprosy control programme. AB - The sensitivity of Dapsone "spot test" with modified Ehrlich's reagent (Balakrishnan, 1968) and Dapsone "tile test" using Barton-Marshall reagents (Irudayraj, 1981)--both being qualitative tests for screening of dapsone in urine are compared with Dapsone/creatinine ratio--a quantitative test (Ellard, 1974). 316 urine samples were processed by paramedical worker in the fields for Dapsone "Tile test" and Dapsone "Spot test". The same samples were brought to the laboratory and subjected to these two tests besides Dapsone/creatinine estimation. These three tests correlated well at the level of 91%. The results obtained by paramedical workers and experienced worker at the laboratory are also showed 97% concordance. An earlier investigations revealed that monitoring through frequent and surprise check-up of urines for drug content (4-5 samples/year/patient) and subsequent motivation and persuation of leprosy patient, the irregularity rate of drug consumption by patient could be brought down from 36% to 17% in one year. The kit for performing DDS "spot test" and DDS "tile test" being light and easy to carry in the field and the tests being simple to perform with reliable results. This procedure is recommended to be applied in the field on a mass scale. The routine frequent and surprise checking of urine for drug content will give early idea about irregularity status of drug consumption by patients as compared to the judgement relying on clinical assessment and reduction of bacteriological index of infectious patients. PMID- 6549457 TI - Field follow-up of leprosy cases in an urban area. AB - To achieve effective case holding in SET programme "treatment reminder" through home visits by field personnel is of much importance as drug compliance of leprosy cases is known to be very poor in general. A field study was undertaken to followup (A) school detected 158 leprosy cases (B) patients residing within project area especially 350 infectious cases as well as those 329 patients taking treatment elsewhere (C) 28 infectious patients from outside control area. (A) 70% Children diagnosed as leprosy through earlier surveys were available. 14% were believed to be regular for treatment 78% patients did not go for treatment. From this untreated group 73% showed features ranging from marked improvement to total regression of lesions. (B) 22% smear positive leprosy cases registered for treatment who dropped out from treatment over a period of 5 years were followed up. 21% dropped out cases had left the control area and their whereabouts were not known. From a group of 329 patients living in the control area of the same project who were believed to be taking treatment elsewhere only 48% could be contacted. The rest of them could not be contacted for various reasons. (C) During home visits to 28 infectious leprosy cases coming from far away places 21% said that they were taking treatment elsewhere. The figures in this study indicate the need for planning priority oriented home visit programme according to local situations to maintain at least infectious cases under regular treatment in view of the multiplicity of drugs as per the recent recommendations from experts. PMID- 6549458 TI - Observations on the intra familial clustering of leprosy cases in Trivandrum City. AB - A survey in the Southern wards of Trivandrum City showed that 552 houses are harbouring 699 leprosy patients. 84.2% of the houses are having single cases and 15.8% with two or more cases. As the size of the household increases the average number of cases per house increases (r = 0.273 P less than .01) In some houses there are more leprosy patients than healthy persons showing significant clustering. Out of the total cases 9.87% are lepromatous 5.58% borderline and 84.55% neural type. The prevalence rate was lowest in less than 10 year age group and highest in 21-40 age group. The overall prevalence rate is almost equal in males and females. PMID- 6549459 TI - Value of pilocarpine test in early diagnosis of leprosy. AB - Modified Pilocarpine Test was carried out in 48 patients under investigation for Leprosy. 37 cases showed deficient sweating of varying degree. Many of these patients did not reveal confirmatory histopathological changes and were bacteriologically negative. In the absence of other causes of neuropathy this finding of deficient sweating by modified pilocarpine test, was significant. Same test was carried out in 8 confirmed cases of Tuberculoid leprosy. All cases showed positive results. PMID- 6549460 TI - Socio-environmental factors in relation to leprosy at Jaipur. AB - In a house to house study of leprosy cases at Jaipur (148) a majority (91) had NL leprosy, 50 had LL leprosy and remaining 7 had indeterminate leprosy. More cases (84.5%) had a poor housing, overcrowding, low socioeconomic status. Out of 59 persons giving history of contact a majority had it at home and others at work places. The period of contact was more than five years in 74.6% cases. Most of the cases had lesions on exposed or easily accessible parts of the body. PMID- 6549461 TI - Socio-economic problems of leprosy patients and their relatives in Gujarat State. PMID- 6549462 TI - Community leaders involvement in leprosy health education. AB - As an alternative approach, 310 community leaders consisting of village political leaders, school teachers, Govt. staff, members of socio-welfare and religious agencies, graduate students and traders from 21 villages of Chingleput district of Tamilnadu (India) were interviewed to explore the possibilities of their involvement in leprosy health education community. Though majority (76%) of respondents were not fully aware about various aspects of leprosy and showed negative reactions (51%) towards leprosy patients; almost all realised the importance of educating community about leprosy for its early control, for which a large majority (88%) of them had expressed their willingness to participate in leprosy health education and control programme by devoting an average of 4.4 +/- 5.4 hours per week. A good number (54%) of them had also been educating people about leprosy in one or the other way. The leaders who had been exposed to leprosy health education especially in recent past, were significantly better equipped with knowledge about leprosy and its control and were much more willing to participate in NLCP, than others. Study concluded that if the community leaders are approached, educate and motivated properly, they would certainly involve themselves to provide a valuable strength to our leprosy health education and control programme. PMID- 6549463 TI - Inoculation leprosy subsequent to dog bite. A case report. AB - Development of leprosy lesion at the site of inoculation or injury is described by many workers off and on. An interesting case of indeterminate leprosy developing at the site of dog bite is being reported. PMID- 6549464 TI - [Flow-cytometric analysis of changes of lymphocyte subsets in the blood of cancer patients during radiotherapy. 6. Special reference to OKT3+-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6549465 TI - Infectious mononucleosis with negative heterophile antibody in Thai children. Report of 5 patients. PMID- 6549466 TI - Subroutines in the programme of Chlamydomonas gene expression induced by flagellar regeneration. AB - The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii possesses two anterior flagella that are rapidly replaced if they are lost. A cytoplasmic pool of flagellar precursors supports regeneration of partial length flagella, but complete regeneration requires de novo synthesis of flagellar proteins. This increase in protein synthesis is transient and is programmed by changes in the physical abundance of a set of RNAs. These changes were measured using cloned cDNAs. The curves that were generated with probes for a number of different RNAs were variations-on-the-theme of a rapid accumulation following deflagellation of the cells, followed by similarly rapid degradation. Differences in the characteristics of the accumulation curves suggest that several 'subroutines' for RNA metabolism appear to run concurrently during flagellar regeneration. A significant portion of the mRNA abundance regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. A group of cDNAs that encode mRNAs whose abundance remains at constant levels during regeneration provides an important internal control for the abundance and transcription measurements. Flagella contain over 200 different proteins, so the possibility exists that the cells coordinately and rapidly alter the transcription of the same number of genes. Chlamydomonas flagellar regeneration thus provides an opportunity to study cellular mechanisms for coordinating the expression of a large set of genes, and correlating these changes with an easily monitored morphogenetic process. PMID- 6549467 TI - Antineoplastic agents, 105. Zephyranthes grandiflora. PMID- 6549468 TI - Nirurin: a new prenylated flavanone glycoside from Phyllanthus nirurii. AB - A new prenylated flavanone glycoside, nirurin, has been isolated from Phyllanthus nirurii. On the basis of chemical and spectral studies, its structure is proposed as 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-8-(3-methylbut-2-enyl) flavanone-5-O-rutinoside (1). The aglycone, also a new flavanone, has been characterized as 5,6,7,4'-tetrahydroxy-8 (3-methylbut-2-enyl) flavanone, which may be designated as nirurinetin (2). PMID- 6549469 TI - A new diterpene from Cupressus goveniana var. abramasiana: 5 beta-hydroxy-6 oxasugiol (cupresol). AB - The petroleum ether-EtOH extract of Cupressus goveniana var. abramasiana (Cupressaceae) yielded sugiol (1) and the new diterpene, cupresol (5 beta-hydroxy 6-oxasugiol), for which structure 2 was established by spectroscopic and chemical means. PMID- 6549470 TI - Plant anticancer agents, XXXIV. Cucurbitacins from Elaeocarpus dolichostylus. AB - Elaeocarpus dolichostylus has afforded the new cucurbitacin derivative, hexanorcucurbitacin F (3), whose structure was determined by spectroscopic and chemical correlation with curcurbitacin F (1). Cucurbitacin F (1) and 23,24 dihydrocucurbitacin F (2) were also isolated in this study. PMID- 6549471 TI - Use of PKM-MULTI program for fitting discontinuous absorption profiles using a microcomputer. AB - The programs for the pharmacokinetic models with discontinuous absorption, written in BASIC, were connected to MULTI, which had been proposed for nonlinear least squares for a microcomputer by Yamaoka et al. Using this program (designated as PKM-MULTI), the same data sets previously calculated by HFCM, FITSI2 and NONLIN were fitted and the finally obtained estimates were in close agreement with those obtained previously. The plasma data of nalidixic acid were also fitted to the pharmacokinetic model with discontinuous absorption, which were suggested to be more valid compared with one compartment model with continuous absorption. PMID- 6549472 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against internal parasites of sheep. AB - Ivermectin in an oral formulation was evaluated by the non-parametric method against a wide range of endoparasites of sheep in 15 trials involving a total of 297 sheep. Ivermectin at 200 micrograms/kg was more than 80% effective in more than 80% of the treated animals (i.e. Class A) against induced infestations of 3rd and 4th stage larvae and adults of Chabertia ovina, Dictyocaulus filaria, Haemonchus contortus (including a benzimidazole-resistant strain), Nematodirus spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, Ostertagia circumcincta (including a benzimidazole-resistant isolate), and Trichostrongylus colubriformis; an "A" class was also obtained against the 4th stage larvae and adults of Gaigeria pachyscelis and Strongyloides papillosis and natural infestations of adult Trichuris spp. Efficacy against the 3rd stage larvae of G. pachyscelis and S. papillosus fell to Class B (i.e. more than 60% effective in more than 60% of the treated animals). Ivermectin completely eliminated Oestrus ovis larvae (all 3 instars). In 2 additional trials the efficacy of concurrent oral treatment with ivermectin at 200 micrograms/kg and rafoxanide suspension at 7,5 mg/kg was evaluated against the 3rd stage larvae of N. spathiger, O. columbianum and S. papillosus and 56 day-old Fasciola gigantica. Concurrent medication did not adversely affect the individual efficacies of either ivermectin or rafoxanide. PMID- 6549473 TI - Microcomputer-based cardiac pacemaker-control system through blood temperature. AB - A microcomputer-based temperature-sensitive cardiac pacemaker system and some preliminary experiments are described. The system consists of a microcomputer, a twin 5 in floppy disk unit, expansion and interface units, a visual display unit and a printer. It senses the blood temperature in the right atrium, determines the pacing rate and supplies the heart with stimulating pulses. System-heart interfacing is performed by the separate pacing and sensing units which communicate with the computer via a peripheral interface IC in an expansion unit. The pacing rate is determined by software, rather than a combination of hardware elements. The temperature response time of the system, from 25 degrees C to 40 degrees C is about 26 s, and this would seem to be satisfactory given that smaller and slower changes in blood temperature are normal. PMID- 6549474 TI - [Therapeutic results of 36 malignant lymphomas and 8 histiocytic medullary reticulosis in childhood]. PMID- 6549475 TI - [Development of the Hiroshima University Hospital information system]. PMID- 6549476 TI - [Image processing technics--focus on software. 2. Hardware and software for image data processing. 6). Nuclear medicine]. PMID- 6549477 TI - [Description of 3 cases of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome: Basedow's disease associated with Addison's disease]. PMID- 6549478 TI - [Role of chlamydiae in genital and neonatal pathology]. PMID- 6549479 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the lung of the salamander, Hynobius nebulosus: II. Osmiophilic lamellar bodies and alveolar surfactant. PMID- 6549480 TI - [A table of our design for the preparation of tarflen prostheses used after stapedectomy]. PMID- 6549481 TI - [West syndrome in a case of congenital cutis aplasia]. AB - A case of West's syndrome in a four months old child affected with aplasia cutis congenita is described. The Authors suggest the possibility of a link between the two diseases. PMID- 6549482 TI - [Risks of irradiation in patients during radiologic diagnostic procedures]. PMID- 6549483 TI - Serum pepsinogen I and the state of gastric mucosa in an Estonian population sample. AB - Seventy-seven adult subjects from a rural population were examined by gastroscopic biopsy and serum pepsinogen I (PG I) determination. A new radioimmunoassay method for PG I determination, based on enzymatic iodination and the double antibody solid-phase technique, was used. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.488, p less than 0.001) between the state of the fundal mucosa and the PG I level was observed. In persons with severe or moderate forms of atrophic fundal gastritis the PG I values were notably lower than those of the other groups. Good differentiation of persons with normal fundal mucosa and with severe fundal gastritis was obtained. In subjects with a normal fundal mucosa the PG I values were significantly higher in men (130 +/- 48 micrograms/l) than in women (87 +/- 17 micrograms/l). A decline in serum PG I level with age was observed. In patchy gastritis the PG I value is helpful in assessing the state of the fundal mucosa. PMID- 6549484 TI - Group I pepsinogens in serum. I. Normal range, age and sex relation, diurnal rhythm, seasonal variation, and distribution in ABO blood groups. AB - The concentration of group I pepsinogens (PG I) in serum was determined in 235 healthy persons and hospital controls. The concentration was significantly higher in males. Correction of PG I with regard to body weight or lean body mass eliminated the sex difference but not the weak correlation with age. The normal range was 0.60-3.3 ng PG I/ml serum/kg body weight. For comparison with other PG I studies another normal range, 46-211 ng PG I/ml serum, was calculated as the 95% interpercentile range of the present PG I concentrations. In a study of diurnal rhythm and in a 6-month study of seasonal variation, no significant variation of PG I in serum was found. Serious non-gastric surgical disease did not influence the PG I level in serum. The PG I levels in blood groups O, A, and B did not differ significantly. PMID- 6549485 TI - [Urea kinetics and the prescription of dialysis therapy. The presentation of original programs for automatic data processing with a programmable calculator]. PMID- 6549486 TI - [Treatment of multiple myeloma in stages I and II. Comparative study of an M-2 protocol and melphalan-prednisone]. PMID- 6549487 TI - A practical algorithm for blood pressure (BP) monitoring and control during hemodialysis. AB - A system such as described here is technically feasible, allows for adequate BP monitoring and control, thus providing safe and efficient hemodialysis while maintaining cost effective patient care. PMID- 6549488 TI - Computer applications to electrophysiologic studies. AB - The automated studies performed at implant require little extra time and provide essential information for postoperative troubleshooting and patient management. The automated testing and analysis system is but one component in a comprehensive patient management system designed for and dedicated to pacing; the system is an integral part of a complete data management system which includes extensive follow-up and management sections. PMID- 6549489 TI - Mitrathane. A new polyether urethane urea for critical medical application. PMID- 6549490 TI - In vivo investigation of a new elastomeric vascular graft (Mitrathane). PMID- 6549491 TI - The role of shear during membrane plasmapheresis: a dynamic approach. PMID- 6549492 TI - Renal failure in a Zambian child due to bilateral renal lymphoma. PMID- 6549493 TI - Microcomputer measurement of blood and tissue oxygenation. PMID- 6549494 TI - Oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in prevention of milk fever. PMID- 6549495 TI - Vestibulo-ocular reflexes in peripheral labyrinthine lesions: I. Unilateral dysfunction. AB - Measurements were made of the lesion-induced changes in vestibulo-ocular reflexes to rotatory stimuli in a group of patients with total unilateral labyrinthine paralysis and in a group with partial unilateral labyrinthine paralysis. Significant differences were found in the amplitude and phase of the response to low-frequency rotation and in the time constant of the post-rotatory response to impulsive rotation between normal subjects and patients with total unilateral labyrinthine paralysis. The results were evaluated by the use of a simplified model of vestibular function that allows the parametric evaluation of the characteristics of vestibular responses. It was found that changes in vestibulo ocular reflex characteristics take place in parallel in both the time constant and the sensitivity of the system parameters used to describe the responses. The physiologic significance of the changes and their implication for diagnostic purposes are discussed. PMID- 6549497 TI - MVPP chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease in children: long-term results. AB - Between 1969 and 1975, 34 children aged 16 years and under, with Hodgkin's disease (HD) were treated and followed-up at our department. All patients received a combination of MVPP and radiotherapy. Four children died, three from uncontrolled lymphocyte depletion Hodgkin's disease and one from encephalopathy. Thirty children are disease-free, with the mean survival of 109.8 months. PMID- 6549496 TI - Evaluation of the LSA2L2 protocol for treatment of childhood non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A report from the Polish Children's Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group. AB - From 1979 to 1982, 97 previously untreated children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with the LSA2L2 protocol proposed by Wollner. Staging was done according to the criteria proposed by Wollner and re-staged according to Murphy's criteria. Each patient, regardless of clinical stage and histologic group, was given the same chemotherapy. A total of 28 nonrandomized patients received either cranial irradiation or intermediate-dose intravenous methotrexate as CNS prophylaxis. The complete remission rate was 72.6%. The 3-year actuarial estimate of survival was 73% and the disease-free survival rate was 62% for all responders, and was influenced by stage and main clinical features present at the time of initial presentation. The overall survival rate at 3 years is 52%. Of 26 children who failed to achieve complete remission, 21 had presented with disseminated disease. Also, 20/67 patients who entered remission have suffered relapses: four in the bone marrow, seven in the CNS, and nine with local relapses. Only one of 28 children who received CNS prophylaxis developed CNS disease as the site of first relapse, whereas six of those who received only intrathecal chemotherapy did so. This study confirms the improved outlook in comparison with a historical group for children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma by the use of an intensive multiple-drug regimen and CNS prophylaxis. PMID- 6549498 TI - Testicular changes in the rat by prepuberal administration of a synthetic antiandrogen. AB - The testes of treated animals showed mature spermatozoa and a smaller surface of tubules. Spermatic wave shifted, showing more mitotic figures and less mature spermatozoa. Antiandrogen plus testosterone propionate (TP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration showed, respectively, increased and decreased prostate and testicular weights. Histological aspects of the tubules did not improve by hormonal replacement; instead, altered and multinucleated cells appeared. Testicular modifications showed that antiandrogen administration induced changes in gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6549499 TI - Effect of vaccine prepared from Corynebacterium parvum on the growth of Gardner lymphosarcoma in C3H strain mice. AB - The present paper discusses the effect of a vaccine prepared with formol-killed Corynebacterium parvum (alias Propionibacterium acnes) on the growth of solid Gardner lymphosarcoma transplanted on C3H (H-2k) mice. The vaccine was injected at various time intervals prior to, simultaneously with, or following transplantation of the tumor to intact mice or mice immunized with 60Co irradiated Gardner tumor cells. The effectivity was evaluated in terms of numbers of mice surviving without tumor 60-day observation period or prolongation of survival time. Reliable effectivity showed vaccine (0.8 mg dry weight of C.p.) in the mixture with tumor transplant or when introduced 6 days earlier into the site of tumor transplantation. The preventive action of the vaccine was more pronounced in the mice immunized with inactivated tumor. The vaccine applied to mice with a transplanted tumor was ineffective and failed to significantly prolong the survival time even in mice which had previously been immunized with an inactivated tumor. PMID- 6549500 TI - Treatment of C3H mice bearing solid Gardner lymphosarcoma with vaccine prepared from Corynebacterium parvum combined with methotrexate and Alexan. AB - C3H mice after transplantation of solid Gardner lymphosarcoma were injected with Methotrexate (MTX) or Alexan. The prolonged survival time of mice treated with antimetabolites was in some cases evidently reduced after an additional injection of Corynebacterium parvum (C.p.). This reduction did not depend on the sequence of corynebacterial vaccine or MTX injections. Significantly better effect of combined treatment with MTX injection and C.p. was found only once in mice preimmunized with the tumor irradiated from 60Co gamma source. PMID- 6549501 TI - Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6549502 TI - [A computer program of ophthalmologic emergencies for nonophthalmologist physicians]. PMID- 6549503 TI - [Malignant endocrine exophthalmos. Therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6549504 TI - [Diagnosis of hyperthyroidism by tears. Initial results]. PMID- 6549505 TI - Cytological changes occurring in the liver of coturnix quail with an acute arsenic exposure. AB - Coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix) were given acute oral doses of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). On each of two successive days they received 1 mg sodium arsenite, followed by 3 mg on the third day. There was no observable difference between the arsenic-exposed quail liver and the controls at the light microscope level; however, swelling of granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) in the hepatocytes of the arsenic-exposed quail was detected with electron microscopy. The swollen organelles were determined to be GER by their peripheral orientation around the mitochondria and the ribosomes attached to their cytoplasm-exposed membrane surfaces. The degree of swelling ranged from slight to severe, and was due to an osmotic imbalance possibly brought about by the indirect inhibition of the sodium pump by arsenic. PMID- 6549506 TI - Infections acquired in the fields and forests of the United States. AB - Sportsmen, backpackers, and outdoor workers may present with unusual infections acquired in the fields and forests of the United States. Infections to be considered in such persons with a febrile illness include Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Colorado spotted tick fever, babesiosis, borreliosis, and Lyme disease. The differential diagnoses for clinical presentations of pulmonary and gastrointestinal disease are also discussed. PMID- 6549507 TI - [Aortic aneurysm with rupturing into the stomach following salmonella sepsis]. AB - This case report deals with an infected aortic aneurysm, caused by salmonella: a typical gastroenteritis with fever and diarrhoea led after a short remission period to septic reacerbation and rupture of infected aneurysm into the stomach. The patient died of an haemorrhagic shock. Nomenclature, pathogenesis and prognosis of infected aneurysms are discussed. PMID- 6549508 TI - Two novel agents affecting eating through an action on monoaminergic systems. AB - The pharmacological effects of two newly synthesized anorectic agents CM 57373 (4 amino-1-(6-bromopyrid-2-yl) piperidine hydrochloride) and CM 57493 (4-(3 trifluoromethylphenyl)-1-(2-cyanoethyl)-1,2,3,6 tetrahydrophyridine hydrochloride) have been studied. Both drugs decreased food intake dose dependently in rats deprived of food for 20 h/d. The doses that inhibited food intake by 50 percent (ID50) were 9.74 mg kg-1 p.o. for CM 57493 and 7.37 mg kg-1 p.o. for CM 57373. The general behaviour of the rats was not affected at anorectic doses and no amphetamine-like stimulation was observed. The anorectic effect of CM 57373 was selectively, but not completely, antagonized by metergoline and methysergide, two antagonists of serotoninergic receptors in the central nervous system. Neither noradrenaline antagonists (propranolol and phentolamine) nor a dopamine antagonist (penfluridol) affected the anorexia induced by CM 57373. These results indicate that the anorectic effect of CM 57373 is, at least, partially mediated by the serotoninergic system. The mechanism of action of CM 57493 is more complex, since several distinct neurotransmitter systems appear to be involved in its effect. In cross-tolerance experiments with fenfluramine, there was a reduction of the anorectic activity of CM 57493, suggesting similar mechanisms of action for these two drugs, even though pretreatment with metergoline or methysergide antagonized the anorectic effect of fenfluramine but not that of CM 57493. The anorectic effect of CM 57493 was antagonized by pretreatment with propranolol, a beta-noradrenergic antagonist, suggesting an involvement for the beta-noradrenergic system as well. Pretreatment with phentolamine or penfluridol did not modify the effect of CM 57493 on food intake. In-vitro and in-vivo biochemical studies showed that CM 57373 and CM 57493 act mainly on central serotoninergic mechanisms. CM 57373 is a serotonin releaser and a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. But, unlike fenfluramine which affects the storage pool for 5HT, it releases 5HT mainly from a functional pool. CM 57493 did not affect serotonin release and uptake but exhibited a high affinity to serotonin postsynaptic receptors. PMID- 6549509 TI - Facilitated secretion of pressor amounts of vasopressin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6549510 TI - [Cigarette smoking and lung metabolism--effect of cigarette smoking on blood levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2 and lipoperoxide in healthy volunteers]. PMID- 6549511 TI - [Influence of a follow-up milk formula on weight-height growth and iron status. General considerations on the feeding of infants between 4 and 7 months old]. AB - We have studied 100 children nourished with a "follow-up formula" (Printania Nestle), which composition is in accordance with ESPGAN recommendations. The children are showed a regular growth and a good patrimony of the iron. PMID- 6549512 TI - [Prognostic value of the results of short-term polychemotherapy by the MOPP program of Hodgkin's disease stages III and IV]. PMID- 6549513 TI - Activity of praziquantel against Hymenolepis nana, at different development stages, in experimentally infected mice. PMID- 6549514 TI - An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity: clinical experience. PMID- 6549515 TI - Use of the neodymium:YAG laser to create iridotomies in monkeys and humans. AB - In a prospective study the Nd:YAG laser was used to create iridotomies in cynomolgus monkeys, using various levels of energy and pulse-trains of 1 to 9. Although no change occurred in the endothelial cell count of the cornea, opacities of the corneal endothelium and lens did occur. In addition, one eye showed rupture of the anterior lens capsule immediately behind the iridotomy. Most of the iridotomies in these animals closed within 3 to 4 weeks. Attenuated pigment epithelium bridged the gap within 9 days and in many sections it appeared that the iridotomies closed by fibrous contraction or early stromal regeneration. A prospective short-term clinical study evaluated argon and Q-Nd:YAG laser iridotomies in 42 eyes of 21 patients with primary chronic angle-closure glaucoma. In each patient one eye was randomly treated with an argon laser iridotomy and the fellow eye with a Nd:YAG laser iridotomy. In every case a patent iridotomy was created in one session. A mean of 12 +/- 11 and 0.033 +/- 0.025 Joules was required to complete an iridotomy with the argon and Nd:YAG lasers, respectively. Thirty percent of the argon iridotomies became sufficiently closed with pigment to require retreatment; whereas none of the Nd:YAG iridotomies closed. A postoperative rise in IOP greater than 10 mm Hg was seen in 38% argon- and 29% Nd:YAG-treated eyes. Although bleeding around the iridotomy occurred in 48% of eyes, in no case was this of significant consequence. No acute lens damage was observed in the Nd:YAG-treated human eyes, while 43% of lenses in the argon group had focal opacities. Thirty-three percent of Nd:YAG- and 24% of argon-treated eyes had focal, nonprogressive corneal opacities above the iridotomy. Specular microscopy showed a significant central corneal epithelial cell loss in argon laser eyes only. The potential of creating a laser iridotomy with a single burst of energy is extremely attractive and worthy of further investigation. PMID- 6549516 TI - Automated static perimetry to evaluate diabetic retinopathy. AB - The Octopus automated static perimeter was used to evaluate patients with early diabetic retinopathy. It showed islands of threshold sensitivity depression that were equal to areas of nonperfusion seen on fluorescein angiography. The geographic area of the fundus at risk of developing these field defects was found to be between 20 and 45 degrees, representing the central area of the midperiphery. This procedure has potential as an excellent screening test for early diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6549517 TI - Confirmatory evidence for a direct parasympathetic pathway to internal eye structures. AB - The hypothesis that a direct neural pathway exists between the midbrain and the intrinsic musculature was investigated. Wheat germ agglutinin labeled with HRP and WG-HRP were injected intraocularly into the ciliary muscle of rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys, and their retrograde movement was monitored. Sparse, but definite labeling was found in the AM nuclei, the EW nuclei, and Perlia's nucleus of the monkey, confirming the existence of a nonsynapsing pathway between intraocular structures and the midbrain in the primate. PMID- 6549518 TI - Complex segregation analysis for two-locus model: autosomal double recessive. PMID- 6549519 TI - Computer simulation of the distribution of quantitative characters. PMID- 6549520 TI - [Effect of muscular disorders on ocular hydrodynamics in Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 6549521 TI - [Comparison of the range of eye movements with the orbital image in computerized tomograms in Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 6549522 TI - [Computerized tomography of the orbit in Graves-Basedow disease]. PMID- 6549523 TI - [Sequential combination chemotherapy in metastatic cancer of the breast]. PMID- 6549524 TI - [Chronic hepatitis caused by oxyphenisatin]. PMID- 6549525 TI - [Results of intrathecal administration of methotrexate in patients with metastases to the brain and spinal cord]. PMID- 6549526 TI - Non-specific crossreacting antigen (NCA) does not contain methionine. AB - The presence of methionine in non-specific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) is one of the properties distinguishing it from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In this paper we show that the appearance of methionine in NCA is due to regularly copurified materials, which were immunologically identified as alpha-1 antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin-like proteins. NCA is itself not cleavable by cyanogen bromide, which means that the molecule is devoid of any internal methionine. This proved to be true for biochemically-purified NCA as well as for NCA purified by immunoprecipitation with anti-serum followed by perchloric acid extraction. PMID- 6549527 TI - [Biological control: Helobdella triserialis lineata (Hirudinea:Glossiphonidae) against Biomphalaria straminea and Biomphalaria tenagophila (Mollusca:Planorbidae), in the laboratory]. PMID- 6549528 TI - [New diterpenoids of Rabdosia macrocalyx: the structure of macrocalin A and macrocalin B]. PMID- 6549529 TI - [Isolation and structure of neo-gambogic acid from Gamboge (Garcinia hanburryi)]. PMID- 6549530 TI - [Elucidation of the structures of humantenine and humantenirine]. PMID- 6549531 TI - [Accidents attributable to carbimazole in the treatment of Basedow's disease]. AB - A series of 365 patients (330 women, 35 men) followed up for 9 years during treatment with 20 to 70 mg/day of carbimazole for an average duration of 18 months (range: 2 months to 6 years) was analyzed to evaluate frequency and type of accidents imputable to this synthetic antithyroid agent. Etiopathogenicity of these incidents is reviewed based on reports in the published literature. The product was extremely well tolerated by 349 patients. Minor side effects (hematologic in 0,8%, cutaneous in 1,4% and digestive in 1,6% of cases) were reported in 14 cases (3,8% of cases) and interruption of carbimazole treatment was necessary in 7 of these patients. Major accidents of favorable outcome (Lyell's syndrome, agranulocytosis) were observed in 2 patients (0,6% of cases). Two hypotheses can be evoked to explain their origin: a toxic cause mainly for the hematologic complication or an immuno-allergic mechanism suggested by the rapid onset of complications after beginning treatment. Carbimazole should not, therefore, be considered as a product lacking risks and the accidents observed strongly suggest the need for biological and particularly strict clinical surveillance of patients treated, the appearance of any sign of infection necessitating immediate full and differential blood counts and discontinuation of all therapy. PMID- 6549532 TI - Fluid and electrolyte disorders. Calcium. AB - Parathyroid hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and calcitonin are the three primary calcium-regulating hormones. Physiological changes in these occur throughout normal life but it is when levels remain excessively high or low, or when their target organs are diseased, that hypocalcaemia or hypercalcaemia may develop. PMID- 6549533 TI - Molecular cloning of steroid hydroxylases. AB - Recombinant plasmids specific for bovine adrenocortical cytochromes P-450scc and P-45011 beta have been identified and characterized. Using these cDNA inserts as probes, it is found that tissue specificity of gene expression for these two proteins is as expected. Cytochrome P-450scc mRNA is found in adrenocortical and corpus luteum RNA while cytochrome P-45011 beta mRNA is found only in adrenocortical RNA. Neither mRNA was detected in heart, liver or kidney RNA. Cytochrome P-450scc mRNA is found to be 1.9 kb in length while cytochrome P-45011 beta mRNA is found to be 4 kb in length. Treatment of bovine adrenocortical cells with ACTH or other modulators results in increased levels of cytochrome P-450scc and cytochrome P-45011 beta mRNAs. Cytochrome P-450scc is found to be encoded by a limited number or even a single gene. PMID- 6549534 TI - Microcomputer program for the determination of haemodynamic indices using measurements obtained with a balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheter. AB - A microcomputer program is described which facilitates the calculation of data from physiological variables measured using a flow directed, balloon-tipped thermal dilution pulmonary artery catheter. Eleven variables may be calculated and left ventricular function may be displayed graphically using as coordinates left ventricular stroke work index and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Successive measurements may be easily compared and the program has proved valuable in the management of patients monitored with a right heart catheter. PMID- 6549535 TI - Histopathology of the spinal cord after intrathecal cocaine, bupivacaine, lignocaine and adrenaline in the rat. AB - Repeated intrathecal injections were given through catheters which had been chronically implanted in the subarachnoid space of rats. Injections were made of cocaine 0.25%, 0.125% and 0.0625%; bupivacaine 0.5%; lignocaine 2% and 0.5%; adrenaline 0.01% (1 in 10 000) and 0.002% (1 in 200 000); and sodium chloride 0.9%. Five injections of 35 microliter of each concentration of each drug were given hourly each day for two days to three rats. No clinical nerve damage was detectable in any rat. The only pathological change found in any rat was the development of cytoplasmic vacuolation in the neurones of the anterior and posterior horns. The changes were most prominent after injection of 0.9% sodium chloride and bupivacaine, whilst lignocaine (0.5 and 2%) showed the least number of vacuoles, which were also the smallest in size. Adrenaline and cocaine were intermediate in effect. There was no evidence of cell death. These changes were not seen in control animals in which catheters had been implanted but no injections had been given. The changes were mild and it is concluded that the agents tested caused no significant damage. PMID- 6549536 TI - Surfactant replacement in neonatal and adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Animal experiments and clinical trials have shown that the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) can be treated effectively by surfactant replacement via the airways. This treatment facilitates the resorption of fetal pulmonary fluid, promotes uniform air expansion of the lungs, enhances gas exchange, reduces the protein leak across the alveolar epithelium, and prevents the development of bronchiolar epithelial lesions during artificial ventilation. Data from recent animal experiments indicate that surfactant replacement prevents epithelial lung lesions also during high frequency ventilation. Surfactant replacement restores blood gases to normal in adult experimental animals with severe respiratory insufficiency induced by repeated lung lavage, suggesting that this type of treatment might be effective in clinical adult RDS. PMID- 6549537 TI - Laboratory experiments on the effectiveness of expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads in mosquito control. PMID- 6549538 TI - Initial cellular targets and eventual genomic changes in multistage carcinogenesis. PMID- 6549539 TI - Detection of liposomes in portal blood following oral administration. AB - 125Iodine-labeled human immunoglobulin G-encapsulated dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine liposomes were prepared with or without asialoganglioside. Distribution of radioactivity following the oral administration of these liposomes in rats was checked in liver and in blood of the portal vein and heart. Gel filtration of plasma from the portal vein showed the presence of intact liposomes and protein. In contrast, neither liposomes nor protein were detected in cardiac blood but only lower molecular weight materials. The presence of liposomes in portal blood was further suggested from experiments using 6 carboxyfluorescein-entrapped liposomes. The level of liposomes in portal venous blood plasma was found to be lower in asialoganglioside liposomes. But this level could be increased substantially, almost to that in liposomes without asialoganglioside, by injection (iv) of asialofetuin. PMID- 6549540 TI - Automated platelet aggregation analysis using a digitizer. AB - A method of rapidly entering, reducing, and interpreting data collected in platelet aggregation studies has been developed. The standard aggregometer output is a chart recording of light transmittance (or optical density) as a function of time following the addition of an aggregating agent to a cuvette containing platelet-rich plasma or washed, suspended platelets. Two problems associated with aggregation studies are the proper calibration of the aggregometer and recorder to insure that comparisons of data can be made from experiment to experiment and the need to find a convenient way to analyze and summarize the data generated. In this method, the chart recorder is calibrated using reference cuvettes containing water or a suspension of latex beads of a known optical density. Since the analysis and interpretation of aggregation curves can be a time-consuming task, a standard digitizer has been interfaced to a computer, allowing the X,Y coordinates of the data, and, thus, the time-aggregation history of the sample, to be entered into the computer. The cursor of the digitizer is traced over the aggregation curve and the X,Y coordinates are transferred either at operator selectable points or at fixed time intervals. A computer program (AGGPAD) calculates and stores several variables (e.g., sample baseline density, the magnitude of the aggregation, time to peak aggregation, maximum aggregation rate, and maximum deaggregation rate) that can be easily retrieved. The system reduces analysis time by a factor of five and allows for automated data storage and retrieval. The method is applicable to any computer and hardware costs are below $1000.00. PMID- 6549541 TI - Eserine-induced hypertone of guinea pig distal colon in vivo: a new pharmacological procedure for testing smooth muscle relaxants. AB - A new in vivo procedure suitable for testing the smooth muscle relaxant properties of a test substance is described. Topical eserine produced a long lasting steady increase in tone of guinea pig distal colon and enhanced the atropine-sensitive phasic activity. Intravenously administered atropine, pirenzepine, and dicyclomine (which possess competitive antimuscarinic properties) produced a dose-related inhibition of eserine-induced muscle tone and suppressed phasic contractions. On the other hand, verapamil and octylonium bromide (which produce smooth muscle relaxation by interfering with Ca++ availability for contraction) did not suppress phasic contraction although they were fully effective in inhibiting eserine-induced tone. The eserine-induced contraction of guinea pig distal colon appears to be a suitable, quick, and inexpensive test for evaluating the effects of potential smooth muscle relaxants against background hypermotility produced by amplifying the neurogenic drive to the target organ. PMID- 6549542 TI - [2 years experience with periodic administration of intrathecal morphine to a patient with tumor pain]. PMID- 6549543 TI - Uridine as an active component of sleep-promoting substance: its effects on nocturnal sleep in rats. AB - A 10-h intraventricular infusion of 10 pmol of uridine from 19.00 to 05.00 h resulted in significant increases in sleep in otherwise saline-infused male rats (n = 8) during the environmental dark period (20.00-08.00 h). Increments of slow wave sleep (SWS) and paradoxical sleep (PS) were 21.0% and 68.1%, respectively, of the baseline value. This was due to increases in the frequencies of both SWS and PS episodes but not to their durations. Similar increases occurred the first recovery night under saline infusion, but sleep amounts returned to the baseline levels the second night. Brain temperature was not affected by uridine administration. A small dose of uridine (1 pmol/10 h) exerted no effect (n = 6) while larger doses (100 and 1000 pmol/10 h, each n = 5) resulted in slight but insignificant increases in SWS and PS. The 1000-pmol uridine administration seemed to be non-physiological since it brought about irregularities in locomotor activity and sleep-waking rhythms. Thus, authentic uridine exhibited the same sleep-enhancing effects as a naturally occurring active component of sleep promoting substance, which was recently identified with uridine. PMID- 6549544 TI - The structural interview method for diagnosing borderline disorders: a critique. AB - The authors discuss difficulties in the assumptions that underlie Kernberg's Structural Interview method for diagnosing borderline personality organization and demonstrate methodological limitations in the studies that have reported results from its use. Further data analysis leads to the conclusion that, in the population studied, the Structural Interview diagnosis of borderline personality disorders is essentially equivalent to the clinical diagnosis of the presence of any personality disorder. A predictive formula to determine the presence or absence of clinically diagnosed personality disorder is derived using logistic regression. PMID- 6549545 TI - [Mental work load on VDT operation under a self-paced working condition--a case of programmers using VDT]. PMID- 6549546 TI - [Spectral measurement by an optical multichannel detector system]. PMID- 6549547 TI - [Meniscal regeneration]. PMID- 6549548 TI - [Clinical evaluation of stability after meniscectomy of the knee after rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament]. PMID- 6549549 TI - [Analysis of 82 cases of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis]. PMID- 6549550 TI - Involvement of cell-cell adhesion molecules in liver colonization by metastatic murine lymphoma/lymphosarcoma variants. AB - Metastatic variant sublines of the murine RAW117 large cell lymphoma or lymphosarcoma have been established in vitro by sequential cycles of harvesting of liver tumor nodules after intravenous inoculation of tumor cell suspensions into syngeneic BALB/c mice. After five and ten in vivo selections for liver colonization, variant sublines RAW117-H5 and -H10, respectively, were established, and these formed significantly more surface liver tumors than the parental RAW117-P line. RAW117 sublines were tested for their abilities to adhere to embryonic mouse liver or brain cells in an in vitro cell-cell adhesion assay. Liver colonizing RAW117-H10 cells adhered with greater selectivity to liver cells than to brain cells. Parental RAW117-P cells were more homotypically adhesive, but they were nonselective in their organ cell adhesion properties. We examined RAW117 cells for the presence of liver cross-reactive antigens using polyclonal xenoantibody preparations directed against embryonic murine liver cells. These antibody preparations block organ-specific homotypic adhesion of embryonic murine liver cells in vitro. The amount of fetal liver antigen(s) expressed on RAW117 sublines correlated with liver colonization potentials (H10 greater than H5 greater than P) in quantitative absorption assays. Treatment of the highly metastatic RAW117-H10 subline with polyclonal anti-embryonic murine liver F(ab')2 or Fab' antibody fragments had no effect on RAW117-H10 cell viability or growth in vitro or in vivo, but inhibited liver colonization (median liver tumor colonies reduced from greater than 200 to 0) and prolonged life expectancy. In contrast, pretreatment of RAW117-H10 cells with polyclonal anti-H-2 did not modify the in vivo biologic properties of these metastatic cells. PMID- 6549551 TI - Effectiveness of AMSA alone or in combination with radiation on murine fibrosarcoma pulmonary nodules. AB - The cytotoxic effects in vivo of 4'-(9-acridinylamino) methanesulfon-m-anisidide (AMSA), radiation or both modalities in combination on murine fibrosarcoma (FSa) cells grown as pulmonary tumors were determined. Fourteen days following the i.v. injection of viable FSa cells, recipient mice developed between 100 and 150 visible pulmonary nodules. At that time, tumor-bearing animals were exposed to either single or combined modality treatments, as well as single and fractionated dose regimens. Animals were sacrificed 1 hour after the last treatment. Tumor nodules were excised, made into a single cell suspension and separated on the basis of cell size by centrifugal elutriation. Flow microfluorometry (FMF) was used to determine the cell-cycle parameters and the relative synchrony of the separated populations, as well as the percentage contamination by normal diploid cells in each of the tumor cell populations. Known numbers of viable cells from each elutriator fraction were injected into recipient mice to determine their colony-forming efficiency (CFE). Surviving fractions were determined by comparing the CFEs of treated FSa cells from each of the separated elutriator fractions with those of appropriate untreated controls. Following a single i.v. dose of AMSA (30 mg/kg), populations of cells enriched in S phase were the most sensitive. When a single dose of AMSA was combined with a single dose of radiation (100 rad), there was a marked schedule dependence with the more effective sequence, especially if a 12 hour interval was chosen between doses, being AMSA followed by irradiation. No schedule dependence was observed if both modalities were combined and administered under a fractionated protocol of four fractions of AMSA (5 mg/kg per fraction) and four fractions of radiation (300 rad per fraction). Under these conditions the greatest reduction in CFE was in cell subpopulations most enriched in S and G2 + M phase cells. PMID- 6549552 TI - [Recent report of short-term chemotherapy with rifamdin in pulmonary tuberculosis in rural areas]. PMID- 6549553 TI - [Changes in the lipid content of the lung lavage of experimental silicotic rats]. PMID- 6549554 TI - Retinopathy of prematurity: a risk factor analysis with univariate and multivariate statistics. AB - Seventy-three out of 639 ophthalmoscopically examined newborns (11.4%) showed varying degrees of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Three infants were blind (0.5%). Sixty-six patients were matched with controls according to gestational age, birth weight, birth date and neonatal unit. Using univariate statistics, the variables representing the extent of O2-exposure, elevated paO2, elevated paCO2, paCO2-fluctuations, acidosis, blood transfusions, and artificial ventilation were found to be significantly associated with ROP. In contrast, the variables representing hypocapnia, Hb-levels, parenteral fluid administration and fluid retention showed no correlation with ROP. When a multivariate statistical method was used, the variables representing gestational age, elevated paO2, elevated paCO2 and paCO2-fluctuations as well as the ones defining blood transfusions lost their association with ROP. Episodes of acidosis, multiple birth, birth weight, total hours with Fio2 greater than 0.4, and total duration of artificial ventilation remained in the regression, and hypocapnia gained a significant negative correlation with ROP. This comparative survey based on univariate and multivariate statistics demonstrates that significance levels of identically defined biological and therapeutic variables obtained from the same population of patients are to be interpreted with caution. This fact may also explain contrasting opinions on risk factors in the literature. Multivariate statistical analyses are useful for a relative comparison of significance within a given set of variables. Conclusions on a possible causal relationship as well as on prophylactic measures are not possible. PMID- 6549555 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism and rickets. A case report and review of the literature. AB - A case of primary hyperparathyroidism with clinical signs of rickets in a 15-year old boy of South Morocco is presented. X-ray findings include a diffusely osteoporotic skeleton with areas of subperiostal resorption, cysts and metaphyseal rachitic changes. Hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, increased alkaline phosphatase are found together with low calcidiol and high calcitriol plasma levels. The surgical removal of a chief-cell adenoma of a parathyroid gland leads to very rapid bone healing as well as normalization of blood chemistry. Reviewing the literature shows that 10 similar cases have been described. However, no correlation can be established between the occurrence of rachitic lesions and the Ca X P product. When limited calcium is available from the gut, elevated calcitriol then contributes to mobilize more mineral from bone, in conjunction with parathormone. In addition, the interaction of these 2 hormones on the renal tubule maintains a phosphate leak, creating proper conditions for the development of rachitic lesions. PMID- 6549556 TI - Is consciousness sensational inferences? PMID- 6549557 TI - [Structure of dihydroisotanshinone I of danshen]. PMID- 6549558 TI - [Arthrography and arthroscopy of the knee in 100 cases of doubtful diagnosis]. PMID- 6549559 TI - History of intrathecal prophylaxis and therapy of meningeal leukemia. PMID- 6549560 TI - Chemotherapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil with concurrent thymidine infusion against transplantable colon tumors in rodents. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (FU) given concomitantly with thymidine (TdR) versus that of FU alone at an equitoxic dose was evaluated when these agents were given by 72-h continuous i.v. infusion or as an i.v. push dose through the tail vein to Fischer rats bearing a transplantable colon carcinoma or to BALB/c or C57BL/6J mice bearing murine colon tumors no. 26 or 38, respectively. In the presence of TdR, the dose of FU maximally tolerated by normal rats and mice was reduced by approximately half. In tumor-bearing rats, infusion of FU alone (150 mg/kg X 72 h) was as effective as concurrent infusion of FU (100 mg/kg X 72 h) with TdR (5 g/kg X 72 h), as evaluated in terms of tumor free survivors (7/22 and 6/20, respectively). In addition, both regimens were more effective than an i.v. push dose of FU (200 mg/kg) or FU (80 mg/kg) and TdR (2 g/kg), which resulted in 2/18 and 0/18 tumor-free survivors, respectively. No significant differences in tumor growth inhibition were seen using either murine colon tumor, whether FU or the FU with TdR combination was administered as an i.v. push dose or as an infusion. Quantitation of the levels of TdR and thymine (T) in rat plasma obtained during infusion of various doses of TdR showed dose dependent levels of TdR and T, indicating conversion of TdR to T in vivo. These data showed that, under the conditions employed, TdR did not modify significantly the antitumor activity of FU against rodent colon tumors. The toxicity of FU, however, could be enhanced by the coadministration of TdR, probably due, in part, to a reduced degradation of FU resulting from competition by T. PMID- 6549561 TI - Ultrastructural localization of ConA and WGA receptors on human corneal endothelium. AB - Corneal endothelial cell plasma membrane plays an important role in maintaining normal thickness and transparency of the cornea. We investigated the molecular organization of endothelial cell membrane using lectins labeled with colloidal gold as ultrastructural probes. We detected the presence of Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Agglutinin which recognize specific carbohydrate residues of membrane glycoconjugates. We think that this fine cytochemical approach may be useful to better understand the transport mechanisms between aqueous humor and corneal endothelium and to study adaptation and aging of corneal endothelial cells. PMID- 6549562 TI - [System of automatic procedures supporting informational functions of the territorial services of occupational medicine]. AB - The article outlines a package of automatic procedures to support the informative needs of the Departments of industrial hygiene. In the first phase these procedures build up a file of the factories and produce a map of the area; in the second phase they manage the team registers, the examination program and the environmental and health statistics; furthermore they are being compatible with the management of the personal data. The system underwent a trial stage in a pilot area. PMID- 6549563 TI - Segregation analyses of stuttering. AB - Although stuttering is known to be a familial disorder, no clear evidence regarding precise mode of transmission has arisen from previous research. In this report segregation analysis is applied to data on 386 stuttering probands and their first-degree relatives in an effort to discriminate among possible genetic models for the transmission of stuttering. Two different segregation analysis programs, PAP and POINTER, gave comparable results with respect to both hypothesis testing and parameter estimation. Specifically, the transmission of stuttering observed in these families cannot be adequately explained by a Mendelian major locus. The hypothesis of no polygenic component in the transmission of stuttering can, however, be rejected. Existence in these data of potential heterogeneity and possible violations of assumptions concerning ascertainment are considered in interpreting the results. PMID- 6549564 TI - The Cincinnati Lipid Research Clinic Family Study: analysis of commingling and family resemblance for fasting blood glucose. AB - Our specific aim in this study was to investigate commingling and family resemblance for fasting blood glucose in 160 randomly selected white families from the Princeton School District Lipid Research Clinics Family Study. Adjustment of fasting blood glucose for the influence of age, sex, and the use of oral contraceptives and construction of indices were performed simultaneously using multiple regression methods. Path analysis was carried out, constructing an environmental index based on special diet usage, hematocrit, and obesity, which was also adjusted for the influences of age and sex. Commingling analysis and segregation analysis using the mixed model were also performed. Nearly 16% of the variance of fasting blood glucose was accounted for by age and sex. Obesity itself, which constituted the index, explained an additional 4% of the variance of fasting blood glucose. Significant genetic heritability for fasting blood glucose was documented by both path analysis and segregation analysis. In aggregate, we conclude that though there was a major familial vector accounting for within-family aggregation of blood glucose, it was probably generated by a multifactorial component as compared to a major locus. Under the most parsimonious model, path analysis estimated the genetic and cultural heritabilities as h2 = .39 +/- .08 and c2 = .06 +/- .03., respectively. PMID- 6549565 TI - Quincke oedema following intrathecal administration of metrizamide. AB - The authors describe a case history of a patient who had, after intrathecal administration of metrizamide, a systemic reaction in the form of Quincke Oedema. The physiological and toxic properties of metrizamide are briefly discussed. PMID- 6549566 TI - Waardenburg's recessive anophthalmia syndrome. AB - A family with a rare form of autosomal recessive anophthalmia, syndactyly and multiple congenital deformities is reported. The authors propose that this be recognized as a well defined autosomal recessive syndrome. PMID- 6549567 TI - Finstar--a comprehensive information system for primary care. AB - During 1979-1981 a Costar-based edp-information system was created in a cooperation-project at the computing centre of Kuopio university and the health centre of Varkaus. The system, called Finstar, was installed in Varkaus in 1979 and it has now been in routine use for more than three years. The system is a realtime system and the function of it is based on active use of terminals. The system consists of several subsystems like registration, scheduling, medical records, providers' working-schedules, system maintenance, occupational health care, etc. About 100 persons of the health centre's staff use the system daily. The classical paper record has been replaced by an edp-medical record. The hardware consists of a central unit DEC PDP 11/44 and 45 terminals, three of which are printers. PMID- 6549568 TI - The interaction of nivazol with the glucocorticoid receptor from rat and rhesus monkey target tissues. AB - Steroid hormone receptor competition techniques were used to evaluate the glucocorticoid receptor binding properties of nivazol and its 11 beta-hydroxy derivative, Win 44577 in rat and monkey target tissues. These agents competitively inhibited the binding of 3H-dexamethasone to the glucocorticoid receptor from the liver and anterior pituitary from both rat and monkey with relative binding affinities of Win 44577 greater than dexamethasone greater than nivazol greater than cortisol in all cases. However, nivazol and Win 44577 had approximately twice the affinity for the anterior pituitary glucocorticoid receptor from both species. Neither compound demonstrated any significant binding to rat estrogen, progestin or androgen receptors. These results are consistent with a glucocorticoid receptor mediated mechanism of action for nivazol and Win 44577; however, the difference in the endocrine profile of nivazol in the rhesus monkey versus the rat does not appear to be due to a species selectivity in the affinity of nivazol for the glucocorticoid receptor from central or peripheral target tissue. PMID- 6549569 TI - [Isolation and identification of wubangziside A and B from Polygala caudata Rehd et Wils]. PMID- 6549570 TI - [The structure of ambinine isolated from Corydalis ambigua Cham. et Schltd]. PMID- 6549571 TI - Sacral penis? PMID- 6549572 TI - Intrathecally administered m-AMSA in the rhesus monkey. AB - 4'-(9-Acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA) is an acridine compound that has been found useful in the systemic treatment of acute leukemia. This paper specifically investigates the CSF pharmacokinetics of m-AMSA following both intravenous and intraventricular administration in a subhuman primate model. Following intravenous administration, m-AMSA crossed the blood-brain barrier poorly; cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations were only 1-3% of systemic concentrations. Intraventricular administration of drug achieved high initial ventricular fluid concentrations, but the drug was rapidly cleared with a half life of 115 min. Following 500 micrograms of intraventricular drug, CSF concentrations of m-AMSA remained above 1 microM for only 6 h. These data suggest that m-AMSA has potential as an intrathecal agent against meningeal leukemia refractory to more conventional therapy, but detailed toxicology and neurohistopathology will be required before intra-CSF m-AMSA can be considered for human use. PMID- 6549573 TI - Temperature-dependent drug release from large unilamellar liposomes. AB - The drug-release properties of large unilamellar liposomes were measured at temperatures near the lipid's phase-transition temperature. The liposomes were formed from a mixture of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (4:1 by weight) by the reverse-phase evaporation process. These liposomes captured 25-35% of the radiolabeled anticancer drug cytosine [3H]-1-beta-arabinofuranoside in their aqueous compartment. They were stable in serum below the lipid's phase-transition temperature of 41 degrees C. Complete drug release occurred within seconds after the liposomes reached a temperature of 43 degrees C in serum. Addition of cholesterol or phosphatidylglycerol to the liposomal membrane reduced the drug-release temperature and broadened the range of drug release. These results show that suspensions of large unilamellar liposomes can be made to encapsulate a therapeutically useful quantity of drug that is rapidly and completely released at 43 degrees C in serum. PMID- 6549574 TI - [Our experience in treating hyperthyroid goiter]. PMID- 6549575 TI - Herpes simplex after spinal morphine. PMID- 6549576 TI - Peritoneal closure and atracurium. PMID- 6549577 TI - Molecular mixing of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine monolayers at the air/water interface. PMID- 6549578 TI - [Initial therapeutic evaluations of 141 patients with carcinoma of the breast under 40 years of age]. AB - The Authors, considering 141 cases of patient women under 40, suffering from breast cancer, analyse the prognostic factors in relation to the different therapeutical approach, histologic type, dimensions of T, and presence or absence of metastases at the axillary lymph nodes. They, moreover, appraise the actuarial global survival with no disease (NED) of this group of patients as compared with the survival of women in more advanced age. PMID- 6549579 TI - [Current therapeutic aspects of retinopathy of premature infants]. PMID- 6549580 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6549581 TI - Clinical study of the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser. PMID- 6549582 TI - Chromosome aberrations: their influence on mammalian reproduction. PMID- 6549583 TI - [Identification of lymphocytic thyroiditis in patients operated on for various thyropathies]. PMID- 6549584 TI - Indications for the YAG laser in glaucoma surgery. PMID- 6549585 TI - Outpatient ND-YAG laser iridectomy for angle-closure glaucoma. PMID- 6549586 TI - [Iridectomy using the argon laser and the pulsed neodymium-YAG laser in closed angle glaucoma. Clinical study]. PMID- 6549587 TI - A computer program for estimating thresholds by means of Wetherill's Up-Down Transformed Response Rule (UDTR). AB - A Fortran IV computer program is presented which allows for automatic estimation of thresholds on an S-shaped psychometric curve by means of Wetherill's Up-Down Transformed Response Rule (UDTR). The efficiency and asymptotic properties of these rules are discussed and illustrated. The main program is in the form of a keyboard portable tutorial which calls the main decision-making subroutine. The subroutine can be detached from the tutorial. Only a single call with seven parameters is required to reach the subroutine. The program is particularly useful in forced-choice procedures. PMID- 6549588 TI - [The experimental and clinical evaluations of the foam stability test--as a simple method of the prenatal diagnosing technique for the RDS]. PMID- 6549589 TI - The case of diethylstilbestrol treated veal contained in homogenized baby-foods in Italy. Methodological and toxicological aspects. PMID- 6549590 TI - [Correlations between PRL and 17-beta-E in human breast cancer]. AB - The authors study the correlation existing between prolactin and E-17-beta in breast cancer. In both premenopausal and post-menopausal patients prolactin may be useful as an evolutive marker. Prolactin increases particularly as a consequence of the metastatic growth. E-17-beta shows no variation when studied during the luteal phase, diminishes after the extirpation of the primitive tumor, and augments again with metastases development. After chemotherapy the amount of E-17-beta becomes almost undetectable. No correlation was found between prolactin and E-17-beta; apparently, the prolactin increase does not depend directly from the amount of circulating estradiol, but relies on the activity of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal system. With regard to E-17-beta, this product also augments after ovariectomy, suggesting an ectopic production starting on adrenal gland precursors, perhaps modulated by prolactin. PMID- 6549591 TI - Analysis of meiotic development in Coprinus cinereus. AB - The basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus offers many advantages for molecular analyses of meiosis. Fruiting body development is highly synchronous, and chromosome behaviour can be visualized using the light microscope. Furthermore, the small genome size (3.7 X 10(7) bp/haploid nucleus) facilitates molecular cloning procedures, and genetic characterization is reasonably advanced. To analyse controls of the meiotic process, we have isolated genomic sequences which are differentially expressed during Coprinus development by comparative cDNA hybridization to cloned genomic segments. We have concluded that fruiting body morphogenesis is associated with extensive changes in steady-state RNA levels in this fungus. PMID- 6549592 TI - [Carcinoma in situ]. PMID- 6549593 TI - [The computer in everyday ophthalmology practice]. PMID- 6549594 TI - A preliminary appraisal of hyperbarism effect on the local muscle fatigue during saturated diving. PMID- 6549595 TI - Treatment of secondary cataract with Q-switched Nd YAG laser. PMID- 6549596 TI - [Prosthetic substitution of the inferior vena cava: use of a new material (mitrathane). Short term results]. PMID- 6549597 TI - Graphic presentation of blood gas data. PMID- 6549598 TI - A record system for the Apple II microcomputer. AB - A suite of programs for the Apple II microcomputer is described. The programs allow a clinician with no programming knowledge to set up a record system suitable for storing and analysing clinical information. The system requires an Apple II or Apple IIE microcomputer, a printer, and a simple light pen. PMID- 6549600 TI - Audiometric instrumentation: equipment choices, techniques. PMID- 6549601 TI - Pharmacokinetics of L/105, a new rifamycin, in rats and dogs, after oral administration. AB - The absorption and tissue distribution of a new rifamycin, L/105, which chemically is 4-deoxy-4'-methylpyrido [1',2'-1,2]imidazo [5,4 C] rifamycin SV, were studied in rats after oral administration of 100 mg/kg. This study showed that L/105, contrary to what was observed for rifampicin, was practically not absorbed: neither serum nor significant tissue levels were evidenced. Also in dogs, after oral administration of L/105 in a single dose (25 mg/kg) and a multiple dosage (10 mg/kg/day, for 8 days), no traces of the compound were detected in the serum. The elimination was investigated in the rat: the highest recovery of L/105 (more than 50% of the administered dose) was in feces after 72 h, hardly any traces were found in urine. PMID- 6549599 TI - In vivo and in vitro properties of malignant variants of RAW117 metastatic murine lymphoma/lymphosarcoma. AB - Using the RAW117 lymphoma/lymphosarcoma system syngeneic to Balb/c strain mice, variant sublines have been selected for enhanced blood-borne liver colonization in vivo or for lack of binding to immobilized lectins in vitro. The kinetic organ distributions of intravenously injected, 3H-thymidine-labelled RAW117 parental cells and a subline sequentially selected ten times for enhanced liver colonization were similar, suggesting that the differences in malignancy between these two cell lines were not due to dramatic differences in organ localization properties. Examination of the malignant properties of the selected sublines and cell clones derived from these in immune-impaired animals indicated that host immune status was important in determining the quantity of experimental metastases in this system. Although impairment of T-cell or NK-mediated anti tumor responses by using 400 R 60Co-irradiated or Balb/c nude (nu/nu) mice suggested that certain immunologic responses were not effective in preventing experimental metastasis, impairment of macrophage function with chlorine, silica, trypan blue, carrageenan, cyclophosphamide or pristane were effective and resulted in enhanced malignancy of the parental RAW117 line. In contrast, impairment of macrophage function had little or no effect on the experimental metastatic properties of highly malignant RAW117 sublines or clones. In vitro humoral responses or cell-mediated immunologic assays using lymphoid cells from normal or tumor-bearing hosts failed to demonstrate antibody-mediated or antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), T-cell or NK-cell responses against RAW117 cells. However, poly I: C activated macrophages were more effective against parental RAW117 cells than against a highly metastatic subline in cytolysis and cytostasis assays suggesting that the highly metastatic RAW117 cells can more readily escape macrophage-mediated host defenses. PMID- 6549602 TI - Individual differences in imagery ability and Pavlovian heart rate decelerative conditioning. PMID- 6549603 TI - Arthrodesis of the knee with intramedullary fixation. AB - The application of intramedullary fixation for arthrodesis of the knee has been limited by the technical problems of rod failure and fracture of the femur at the rod insertion site. Improved implant design and rod insertion technique were utilized in seven patients with uniformly successful results. Intramedullary fixation provides prolonged stable fixation and is an alternative to the external fixation techniques currently used to achieve knee arthrodesis. PMID- 6549604 TI - Is motor development really more advanced in Third World infants? AB - Motor and adaptive development were studied longitudinally at 4, 8, 12, and 18 mo. in Brazilian infants of low and middle socioeconomic status. No significant differences were found between these two groups. Gesell Developmental Quotients were similar to those found in American infants, which did not confirm precocious motor development in Brazilian infants. PMID- 6549605 TI - Pulmonary hypertension after toxic rapeseed oil ingestion. PMID- 6549606 TI - Dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Dot-ELISA): a micro technique for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. AB - A micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay utilizing antigen dotted onto nitrocellulose filter discs (Dot-ELISA) was developed for the rapid diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Leishmania donovani promastigotes applied to filter discs in volumes of 1 microliter were placed in 96-well microtiter plates, blocked with bovine serum albumin, then incubated with 4-fold dilutions of patient sera. After incubation with peroxidase-conjugated anti-human antibody, washing and addition of precipitable substrate, positive reactions appeared as blue dots on a white background which were easily read by eye. The procedure is performed at room temperature, takes about 2 h and is economical. At a reciprocal diagnostic titer of greater than or equal to 32, 41 of 42 (98%) leishmaniasis patients were positive, and positive titers ranged from 512 to 524,288. Control sera from healthy individuals showed 1 of 50 (2%) false positive reactions. Sera from patients with African trypanosomiasis, Chagas' disease, and lupus erythematosus were cross-reactive in the Dot-ELISA. No cross-reactivity was noted with sera from patients with amebiasis, coccidioidomycosis, cutaneous leishmaniasis, viral hepatitis, hydatidosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, syphilis, toxoplasmosis or trichinosis. In replicate experiments, 90% of 167 sera tested did not vary in titer. This rapid and inexpensive test should prove to be an important field diagnostic technique for visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6549607 TI - Screening procedure for detection of antidepressants and their metabolites in urine using a computerized gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric technique. AB - A method for the identification of antidepressants and their metabolites in urine after acid hydrolysis is described. The acetylated extract is analysed by computerized gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. An on-line computer allows rapid detection using mass fragmentography with the masses 58, 84, 86, 100, 191, 193, 194, 205. The identity of positive signals in the reconstructed mass fragmentogram is established by a comparison of the entire mass spectra with those of standards. The mass fragmentogram, the underlying mass spectra and the gas chromatographic retention indices (OV-101) are documented. PMID- 6549608 TI - [Injuries caused by lightning]. PMID- 6549609 TI - [Epidemiologic development of whooping cough and tetanus with regard to programs of childhood immunization]. PMID- 6549610 TI - 6 alpha-Hydroxy-iso-ML-236B (6 alpha-hydroxy-iso-compactin) and ML-236A, microbial transformation products of ML-236B. PMID- 6549611 TI - Conformational studies of trinucleoside bisphosphates. 2. Potential energy calculations. AB - Semi-empirical potential energy calculations were carried out for the conformations of ApApA, a trinucleoside bisphosphate (trimer), as proposed in the preceding paper in this journal. Energy minimals were obtained for these conformers, i. e. conformers I-I, I-II, III-I' and I'-I' (the first Roman numeral represents the conformation of the ApAp- moiety and the second one the -pApA moiety of ApApA), of the nearest-neighbor interactions, and conformers B1, B2 and B3 of bulged structures. The results show that the detailed conformations of the component dinuclotide (dimer) moieties in I-I, I-II, III-I' and I'-I' are close (+/- 10 degrees) to the corresponding stable conformations of dinucleotides in solution proposed by Lee and coworkers. The bulged conformations B1, B2 and B3 have open forms for each dinucleotide moiety. Their preferred local conformations are anti, gamma +, beta +, epsilon + (except for Ap- in B3, epsilon-), and 3' endo (except for Ap- in B3, 2' endo) for the glycosidic bond, C4'-C5', C5'-O5', C3'-O3' and the ribose moiety, respectively. The conformation of the phosphodiester linkage in -pApA moiety is zeta t2, alpha t3 for all the three bulged conformers, while that in ApAp- is zeta- 1, alpha t2 for B1, zeta+ 1 alpha 2 for B2, and zeta+ 1, alpha+ 2 for B3. The calculated composite chemical shifts of the base protons from ring-current effects agree with the corresponding observed trimerization shifts. Conformers I-I and I'-I' are helix-like structures and correspond to the right-handed and the 'vertical-stacked' helices, respectively. The structure of I-II is similar to that observed in the ApApA single crystals. The bulged conformations may serve as models for frameshift mutations. PMID- 6549612 TI - Galactosemia caused by generalized uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase deficiency. PMID- 6549613 TI - A stochastic signal method for measuring mechanical consequences of adrenaline in intact rat ventricular muscle. PMID- 6549615 TI - A chromogenic micro-assay for factor X-activity. PMID- 6549614 TI - Enzymatic inactivation of 6-keto-prostaglandin E1 in vitro: comparison with prostaglandin E1. AB - The inactivation of 6-keto PGE1, a biologically active and stable metabolite of prostacyclin, was studied in 100,000 g cytosolic supernatants by bioassay on rat stomach strip (contraction) and human platelets (inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation). PGE1 was used as a reference compound. Both PGs were inactivated in supernatants from colon, kidney and liver of rat, rabbit and guinea-pig. Inactivation was time- and NAD+ -dependent and was generally greater for PGE1 than 6-keto-PGE1. The enzyme responsible for 6-keto-PGE1 inactivation in cytosolic supernatants is distinct from prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase and 9-keto reductase, is not inhibitable by sulphasalazine-like drugs and its activity is recoverable after precipitation by ammonium sulphate. We conclude that 6-keto-PGE1 can be inactivated by enzymes with wide tissue distribution, but further studies are needed for identification of these novel enzymes and the products formed as well as to assess their significance in the intact animal. PMID- 6549616 TI - Determination of the imidazo quinazoline derivative Ro 13-6438 in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic assay has been developed for the imidazo quinazoline derivative Ro 13-6438 [D-(-)-6-chloro-1,5-dihydro-3 methylimidazo(2,1-b)-quinazolin++ +-2(3H)-one], which is under clinical investigation as a cardioactive drug. The drug is extracted from biological fluids into 1-chlorobutane--1-hexanol (90:10) and back-extracted into perchloric acid. This extract is chromatographed directly, using a reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic system with ultraviolet detection at 254 nm. The detection limit in plasma is about 1 ng ml-1, using a 1-ml sample. The assay is rapid, accurate and sufficiently sensitive for the study of the single-dose kinetics of Ro 13-6438 in man following a 7.5-mg intravenous dose. No instability of the unchanged substance was observed in plasma during storage for one day at room temperature and for five months at --20 degrees C. PMID- 6549617 TI - Use of serum ferritin in evaluation of iron deficiency anemia in chronic fetal maternal hemorrhage. PMID- 6549618 TI - Update on echocardiography. PMID- 6549620 TI - How to give a great foot massage. PMID- 6549619 TI - Hospice nursing--reaping the rewards, dealing with the stress. PMID- 6549621 TI - Improving self-medication in an HRF. PMID- 6549622 TI - Our future selves. PMID- 6549623 TI - Strokes causing left vs. right hemiplegia: different effects and nursing implications. PMID- 6549624 TI - Mastering left hemiplegia. PMID- 6549625 TI - A new perspective on nurse's aide training. PMID- 6549626 TI - Nutrition. Nurse-dietitian teamwork. PMID- 6549627 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Using eye drops and ointments safely. PMID- 6549628 TI - 70 plus and going strong: Virginia Henderson, a nurse for all ages. PMID- 6549629 TI - Infection in the compromised host--an overview. AB - The compromised host is susceptible to a wide spectrum of opportunistic pathogens. Early identification of patients who can be classified as immunocompetent as well as an understanding of the specific compromise are crucial in successful management. Since this population frequently does not exhibit overt signs and symptoms of infection, prompt action is necessary to avoid overwhelming sepsis from any number of endogenous or exogenous pathogens. A careful study of the underlying mechanisms causing increased host susceptibility as well as familiarity with some of the unusual organisms capable of causing infection assist with the medical and nursing management of the immunologically compromised host. PMID- 6549630 TI - Coronary artery thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Coronary thrombolysis with streptokinase infusion can be achieved if performed during the first 4 hours of the onset of myocardial infarction. It has been a consistent finding that lysis of the thrombus can reestablish angiographically documented, antegrade coronary flow. Restoration of blood flow and preservation of ischemic myocardium can be achieved after coronary thrombolysis. Coronary artery bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty may be necessary when significant obstructive coronary artery lesions due to atherosclerotic plaques remain after successful thrombolysis. PMID- 6549631 TI - Effectiveness of the hospital department head. PMID- 6549632 TI - Postcardiotomy delirium. PMID- 6549634 TI - About nursing salaries. PMID- 6549633 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical infection. PMID- 6549635 TI - Respiratory infection in the mechanically ventilated patient--an overview. PMID- 6549636 TI - Nursing management for barbiturate therapy in acute head injuries. AB - Barbiturate therapy is a controversial mode of therapy instituted in patients with acute head injuries after conventional means of treatment to decrease intracranial hypertension have been unsuccessful. Thiopental is a fast-acting central nervous system depressant and is one of the agents used for barbiturate therapy. Baseline laboratory values and access to four IV sites, including a Swan Ganz catheterization site, should be obtained prior to institution of barbiturate therapy. While a patient is on barbiturate therapy, it is difficult to assess his clinical status. Nursing care for a patient on barbiturate therapy is an exciting challenge. It is the nurse's responsibility to continuously assess the patient's pressure readings, laboratory values, fluid balance, and pulmonary status to accurately interpret his clinical status. PMID- 6549637 TI - The precordial thump: an adjunct to emergency medicine. PMID- 6549638 TI - Limited effects of outpatient teaching and counseling after myocardial infarction: a controlled study. PMID- 6549639 TI - Denial in coronary care patients--an objective reassessment. PMID- 6549640 TI - Minute angiomatous alterations of the interatrial septum as a possible cause of sudden death: a report of four cases. PMID- 6549641 TI - Myocardial rupture in acute myocardial infarction: case report and review of the literature. AB - Our patient demonstrates why the diagnosis of myocardial rupture is often mistaken for an extension of a myocardial infarction. Our case further suggests, as supported in the literature, that myocardial rupture is not an abrupt event. With close monitoring in patients with high risks, it is possible, especially with use of echocardiograms, to make an early diagnosis. Once the diagnosis is made, aggressive surgical therapy should be undertaken. With the advances in cardiovascular surgery, the prognosis of cardiac rupture is vastly improved. Long term prognosis for patients surviving surgical repair after myocardial rupture is excellent. However, one should keep in mind the importance of preventive therapy such as treatment of systolic hypertension on admission to the coronary care unit. PMID- 6549642 TI - Grand rounds in critical care. Alcohol and sex. PMID- 6549643 TI - Self-concept of preadolescent and adolescent children with a meningomyelocele. PMID- 6549645 TI - A dietary approach to chronic renal failure. PMID- 6549644 TI - The role of siblings during pediatric hospitalization. PMID- 6549646 TI - Utilization of findings in the cerebral palsy clinic. PMID- 6549648 TI - Thermal stress and the aged. PMID- 6549647 TI - Parents' perceptions of needs for themselves and their children in a cerebral palsy clinic. PMID- 6549649 TI - When sleep won't come. PMID- 6549650 TI - 98.6 degrees F: what is normal? PMID- 6549651 TI - Aunt Edna and the nursing home. PMID- 6549652 TI - Group leader--are you a controller? PMID- 6549653 TI - Epilogue: Lora. PMID- 6549654 TI - House Bill 2081. PMID- 6549655 TI - Alterations in collagen production in mixed mononuclear leukocyte-fibroblast cultures. AB - The cell-cell interactions between fibroblasts and mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) which promote alterations in collagen accumulation were examined using a system of co-culture of human fibroblasts and peripheral blood MNL. The stimulation of collagen production was optimal after 48 h of co-culture and the increase in collagen correlated directly with the number of MNL added. The enhancement of collagen production was seen in both autologous and allogeneic co-cultures. Stimulation of non-collagenous protein was also noted. Co-culture supernatants contained soluble substances that were capable of stimulating collagen production, although they stimulated collagen production to a lesser degree than direct co-culture. Fractionation of these supernatants on Sephadex G-200 revealed a predominant area of stimulatory activity at 160,000 mol wt. Lesser areas of activity were noted at molecular weights of 80,000 and 25,000. Determination of the types of collagen produced by fibroblasts during co-culture with MNL showed that the ratio of type I:III collagen was decreased. These alterations in both the quantitative and qualitative accumulation of collagen mimic the changes often seen in wound healing and early inflammation suggesting that cellular interactions between fibroblasts and MNL may be important in the modulation of collagen production in normal and pathologic states. PMID- 6549656 TI - Rewards in nursing: the case of nurse preceptors. PMID- 6549657 TI - "Adhocracy" in health care institutions? PMID- 6549658 TI - Adhocracy as an organizational structure in a psychiatric institution. PMID- 6549659 TI - The forgotten resource. PMID- 6549660 TI - Fostering professional nursing careers in hospitals: the role of staff development, part 2. PMID- 6549661 TI - Evaluating the effectiveness of primary nursing practice. PMID- 6549662 TI - Nursing quality assurance: a process, not a tool. AB - A meaningful quality assurance program comes only with appropriate knowledge, communication, and accountability for all quality assurance functions among nurses at all levels. Describing the implementation of their quality assurance program, these authors tell of their eventual realization that, in fact, they had merely implemented a quality assurance tool that brought the nursing staff little benefit and a lot of grief. Highlighting the identified problems, the factors contributing to the program's failure, and the actions they took to develop and meet appropriate objectives, they detail their later, successful implementation of the concept and the process of quality assurance. Their experience provides readers with food for thought and stimulus for critical evaluations of their own quality assurance programs. PMID- 6549664 TI - Misconceptions about conceptual frameworks--a point of view. PMID- 6549663 TI - The supply and demand of nursing administrators. PMID- 6549665 TI - Motivating nurses to do nursing research. PMID- 6549666 TI - Yearly review of salaries in home health agencies and community health services- 1982. PMID- 6549667 TI - Nursing update: adrenergics (sympathomimetics). PMID- 6549669 TI - Sharing: let the family in. PMID- 6549668 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing practice: Part 1. PMID- 6549670 TI - Medication errors. Watch out for look-alike drugs. PMID- 6549671 TI - Trauma. This patient needs your expert help. PMID- 6549672 TI - Teaching patients to use the new blood-glucose monitoring products. Part 1. PMID- 6549673 TI - The dehydration question. PMID- 6549674 TI - Inflammation: physiology, signs and symptoms. PMID- 6549675 TI - Teaching parents to give indwelling C.V. catheter care. PMID- 6549676 TI - Metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 6549678 TI - Assessment tips: performing palpation. PMID- 6549677 TI - All leg ulcers are not alike: managing & preventing arterial & venous ulcers. (CEU credit). PMID- 6549679 TI - Skillcheck: correcting fluid and electrolyte problems. PMID- 6549680 TI - Protecting patients against themselves: what to do when patients refuse treatment. PMID- 6549681 TI - Nurses' quality of working life. PMID- 6549682 TI - Closed-circuit TV. PMID- 6549683 TI - Toward creative self-management. PMID- 6549684 TI - Women in management. Reaching for the stars. PMID- 6549685 TI - Daring directors of nursing. PMID- 6549686 TI - Combining resources. PMID- 6549687 TI - Critical care staff shortages. PMID- 6549688 TI - A half-way house for the new graduate. PMID- 6549689 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Should nurses report negligence in medical treatment? PMID- 6549690 TI - Putting leaders, consultants & teachers on the line. PMID- 6549691 TI - Focus: on staffing advice for the new head nurse. PMID- 6549692 TI - Nurse burnout: its effect on patient care. PMID- 6549693 TI - The gift of growth. PMID- 6549694 TI - Oncology nurses and occupational health nurses: a cooperative alliance. PMID- 6549695 TI - Nursing specialization: the Enterostomal Therapy nurse. PMID- 6549696 TI - Communicating with the Hospital Infection Control Practitioner: can it benefit me? PMID- 6549697 TI - The nurse anesthetist and the occupational health nurse: professionals with much to contribute to each other. PMID- 6549698 TI - Collaboration: the need for open communication between the occupational health nurse and the neurological/neurosurgical nurse. PMID- 6549699 TI - Occupational health nursing/intravenous nursing interface: home care. PMID- 6549700 TI - The burn victim. PMID- 6549701 TI - CEARP applications: critical criteria. PMID- 6549703 TI - When you must inflict pain on a patient. PMID- 6549702 TI - Seven easy ways to get more done in less time. PMID- 6549704 TI - Tattletale lesions: the symptoms beneath the skin. PMID- 6549705 TI - Living death: don't let hypothermia fool you into a fatal mistake. PMID- 6549706 TI - The fine art of giving a physical. Assessing the genitalia. PMID- 6549707 TI - What to do about flu. PMID- 6549708 TI - Helping your patient through thoracentesis and pleural biopsy. PMID- 6549709 TI - Chest pain, dyspnea, confusion: when should you sound the alarm? (CE credit). PMID- 6549710 TI - Restraints: when all else fails, there still are alternatives. PMID- 6549711 TI - Circumcision: needless risks, no medical benefits. PMID- 6549712 TI - Some effects of the women's health movement. PMID- 6549713 TI - Women and alcoholism. PMID- 6549714 TI - Quality of life following the diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID- 6549715 TI - Middle age does not mean menopause. PMID- 6549716 TI - Aging women and health. PMID- 6549717 TI - Pueblo women of New Mexico: their background, culture and childbearing practices. PMID- 6549718 TI - Dilemmas in practice. Nothing but the truth? PMID- 6549719 TI - Wagerers in the health care casino. PMID- 6549720 TI - Improving the image of nursing. PMID- 6549721 TI - Improving the image of nursing. A district takes action. PMID- 6549722 TI - Accidental hypothermia. PMID- 6549724 TI - Hazards in the hospital environment. Anesthesia gases and methylmethacrylate. PMID- 6549723 TI - A clinic for pregnant teens. PMID- 6549725 TI - Symptom management in hospice care. PMID- 6549726 TI - Public health nurse. Generalist or specialist? PMID- 6549728 TI - Nurses cite best results of collective bargaining. PMID- 6549727 TI - "When death does us part...". PMID- 6549729 TI - Psych nurse helps others see how Jews view death. PMID- 6549730 TI - More budget cuts slated for health agencies. PMID- 6549731 TI - Social policy statement can move nursing ahead. PMID- 6549732 TI - Nurses play key role in care of artificial heart patient. PMID- 6549733 TI - ANA, others succeed in efforts to retain FTC's jurisdiction. PMID- 6549734 TI - Survey shows hospital employee benefits low. PMID- 6549735 TI - 1982 Supreme Court decisions may hinder discrimination suits. PMID- 6549736 TI - Five nurse leaders discuss social policy statement. PMID- 6549737 TI - As I see it... Educator says this strategy saved a nursing program. PMID- 6549738 TI - Job sharing, a solution to the personal energy crisis. PMID- 6549739 TI - Taking the ouch out of injections. PMID- 6549740 TI - Routine circumcision of the male neonate. PMID- 6549741 TI - Multiple sclerosis. Dealing with reality. PMID- 6549742 TI - Multiple sclerosis: together with hope. PMID- 6549743 TI - Nursing: art or science. PMID- 6549745 TI - Safety and accident prevention on hospital premises. PMID- 6549744 TI - Chronic solvent abuse. Can you help? PMID- 6549746 TI - Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of a pH-sensitive enteric coated pancreatic enzyme preparation with conventional pancreatic enzyme therapy in the treatment of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of a pH-sensitive enteric coated pancreatic enzyme preparation was compared with conventional pancreatic enzyme preparations in 6 adult patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Fecal fat excretion and postprandial duodenal recovery of orally ingested pancreatic enzymes were evaluated after ingestion of each preparation. Fecal fat excretion decreased significantly (p less than 0.005) on treatment with pH-sensitive and conventional pancreatic enzyme preparations. Postprandial concentration and delivery of trypsin and lipase in samples aspirated from duodenojejunal junction were higher after ingestion of conventional pancreatic enzyme preparation as compared to the pH-sensitive enteric coated preparation. The difference, however, did not reach statistical significance. Our observations suggest that the pH-sensitive enteric coated pancreatic enzyme preparation is only as effective as conventional pancreatic enzyme preparations in controlling fat malabsorption in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. Failure of pH-sensitive enteric coated preparation to deliver greater quantities of pancreatic enzymes at duodenojejunal junction is most likely related to the impaired release of enzymes from microspheres due to low intraluminal pH in the upper small intestine in pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 6549748 TI - [The 62nd annual general assembly of the OIIQ dotted with unexpected events]. PMID- 6549749 TI - [The frequency of educational activity in clinical laboratories is important]. PMID- 6549747 TI - Serum-treated antigen-antibody complexes inhibit the production of C2 and factor B by mononuclear phagocytes. AB - Antigen-antibody complexes enhanced the synthesis of C2 and factor B by human monocytes and macrophages, and C2 by guinea-pig macrophages. In contrast complexes that had been treated with serum inhibited the production of these components. The inhibitory effect of serum-treated complexes was abrogated by Fab fragments of anti-C3, anti-C3c and anti-C3d. It is therefore probable that inhibition was mediated by a C3 fragment bound to the complex. The enhancing effect of untreated complexes was reversible by serum-treated complexes, and the inhibitory action of serum-treated complexes was counteracted by untreated complexes. Such a system may be important in the regulation of the synthesis of complement components in response to local requirements. PMID- 6549750 TI - [The child who suffers from chronic disease...acts brave and hopes!]. PMID- 6549751 TI - [Point blank: an image to change]. PMID- 6549752 TI - [Legal aspects: the tragedy of identical labels]. PMID- 6549753 TI - [For nurses only. Should the nurse administrators use incident reports as a risk management tool?]. PMID- 6549754 TI - Fractionation and partial characterization of the protein synthesis system of wheat germ. I. Resolution of two elongation factors and five initiation factors. AB - Wheat germ S100 supernatant was resolved into 10 components, all of which are required for tobacco mosaic virus RNA-directed incorporation of amino acid into protein. Two of the components, C2b and C2a, are, respectively, elongation factors 1 and 2, having molecular weights of 51,000 and 72,000. A third factor (C2e) binds Met-tRNA in a GTP-requiring reaction and is absolutely required for the formation of both 40 S ribosome.Met-tRNAiMet and 80 S ribosome.Met-tRNAiMet complexes. This factor is considered to be eucaryotic initiation factor 2. Formation of 80 S ribosome Met-tRNAiMet complexes is augmented 2 to 3-fold by the simultaneous addition of an mRNA, factor C1, and fraction D2(a + b). Factor C1 also reverses the inhibition of translation by an increased concentration of monovalent cations and promotes the translation of a "competitively inhibited" mRNA. These observations suggest that factor C1 and either factor D2a and D2b (or both) function in mRNA attachment reactions. Factor C1 has a molecular weight of 115,000 and appears to be made up of two or three subunits. Factor D2b has been purified to essential homogeneity and has a molecular weight of 55,000. Its interaction with mRNA and its molecular weight suggest that this factor is the wheat germ equivalent of reticulocyte eucaryotic initiation factor 4A. PMID- 6549755 TI - Fractionation and partial characterization of the protein synthesis system of wheat germ. II. Initiation factors D1 (eucaryotic initiation factor 3), D2c (eucaryotic initiation factor 5), and D2d (eucaryotic initiation factor 4C). AB - This report characterizes three components of the fractionated wheat germ protein synthesizing system, factors D1, D2c, and D2d. FActor D1 has a molecular weight of about 420,000 and is comprised of 7-10 components varying in molecular mass between 28,000 and 105,000 daltons. The factor is absolutely required for the formation of both 40-S ribosome.Met-tRNAiMet and 80 S ribosome.Met-tRNAiMet complexes except at low Mg2+ concentration, where significant 40 S ribosome complex formation can be obtained without D1, provided the reaction products are fixed with glutaraldehyde. Factor D1 can be shown to interact with the 40-S ribosome subunit in two ways: the change in sedimentation of the ribosome subunits that occurs when ribosomes are incubated with the factor under dissociating conditions and the prevention of the reformation of 80 S ribosomes by a prior incubation of ribosome subunits with the factor. Factor D2c has a molecular mass of about 100,000 daltons and is absolutely required for the conversion of 40 S ribosome.Met-tRNAiMet complexes to 80 S ribosome.Met-tRNAiMet. Factor D2d strongly augments the D2c-dependent formation of 80S ribosome.Met tRNAiMet complexes, with the requirement for D2d most apparent when the complexes are fixed with glutaraldehyde, a treatment that labilizes the 80 S ribosome-bound Met-tRNAiMet. Addition of factor D2d to a 40 S ribosome.Met-tRNAiMet synthesizing system also increases the amount of complex obtained 2-5-fold. Consideration of these characteristics establishes components D1, D2c, and D2d as wheat germ eucaryotic initiation factors 3, 5, and 4C, respectively. PMID- 6549756 TI - Faster protein degradation in response to decreases steady state levels of amino acylation of tRNAHis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The rate of protein degradation in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells increases in response to histidine starvation. Using cell lines with defective histidyl tRNA synthetase, or histidinol (a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme), we have previously demonstrated a functional connection between the increase in degradation and the amino acylation of this tRNA (Scornik, O. A., Ledbetter, M. L. S., and Malter, J. S. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6322-6329). A correlation is shown here between the steady state level of histidyl-tRNA and the regulatory response. Cells were incubated for 15 min in the presence of L-[3H]histidine, at a concentration at which greater than 90% of histidine for protein synthesis derives from the medium. The level of histidyl-tRNA was measured by its radioactivity after purification by phenol extraction, ethanol precipitation, and mild alkaline hydrolysis. Protein degradation in each condition was determined by the release of acid-soluble radioactivity from cells labeled for 24 h with L-[1 14C]leucine. The steady state level of histidyl-tRNA was altered by either histidinol (which slows down its production) or cycloheximide (which interferes with its utilization). Cycloheximide counteracts the effects of histidinol both on the level of histidyl-tRNA and on the rate of protein degradation. Both effects can be obtained, however, even in the presence of cycloheximide, if higher concentrations of histidinol are used. The results indicate that this regulatory mechanism does not recognize the rate of amino acylation per se but rather, the steady state level of its product, amino acyl-tRNA. PMID- 6549757 TI - Transcription of eukaryotic tRNA genes in vitro. I. Analysis of control regions using a competition assay. AB - The regions of a Drosophila tRNAArg gene responsible for the "wild type" in vitro transcription level were determined by a transcription-competition assay. Cell free transcription extracts programmed with 5' and 3' deletion mutants of the tRNAArg gene were used to quantitate the efficiency of transcription and to measure the ability of these DNAs to compete for transcription factors compared to the wild type tRNAArg gene. The results show that those portions of the gene which code for the D-stem/D-loop and T-stem/T-loop of the tRNA product are the regions responsible for competitive ability. These regions were previously shown to contain the intragenic control sequences for eukaryotic tRNA gene transcription and are respectively referred to as the D- and T-control regions. The presence of both the D- and T-control regions is essential for maximum competitive strength. The 5'-flanking and 5' stem regions adjacent to the D control region have a function in the competitive ability of the D-control region while the 3'-flanking and the 3' stem regions adjacent to the T-control region have a function in the competitive ability of the T-control region. These results are consistent with a model for promotion of tRNA gene transcription that involves recognition by transcription factors of the two control regions. Optimal binding of the transcription factors is dependent upon sequences adjacent to and flanking the intragenic control regions. PMID- 6549758 TI - Transcription of eukaryotic tRNA genes in vitro. II. Formation of stable complexes. AB - Drosophila tRNA genes form stable transcription complexes in vitro, as we have demonstrated by kinetic analyses of transcription experiments in Drosophila Kc cell extracts. tRNA genes added to transcriptionally active cell-free extracts rapidly and stably sequester a transcription factor, inhibiting transcription of a tRNA gene added later. We describe a simplified competition assay dependent on the ability of tRNA genes to form stable complexes. Through the use of this assay with deletion mutations of a Drosophila tRNAArg gene, we demonstrate that stable transcription complex formation is dependent on the DNA region extending from the 5' end of the sequence encoding the T-stem of the tRNA to more than 10 base pairs downstream from the transcription termination sequence. Stable transcription complex formation involves an initial, rapid factor binding followed by rearrangement of the gene-factor complex to a transcriptionally active state. Factor binding to form the stable transcription complex is kinetically dependent on the sequence 5' to the gene region encoding the D-stem, and thermodynamically dependent on the gene region encoding the D-stem and -loop. PMID- 6549759 TI - Effects of alterations in sodium and water metabolism on urinary excretion of active and inactive kallikrein in man. AB - Renal kallikrein is present in human urine in both an active and an inactive form. Several previous studies have examined the response of active kallikrein excretion to alterations in sodium and water metabolism, but the response of inactive kallikrein has not been evaluated systematically. We have developed a method for determining inactive kallikrein in urine using two assays. Active kallikrein is measured using a kininogenase assay. Total (active plus inactive) kallikrein is measured using a direct RIA. Inactive kallikrein is calculated from the difference between active and total kallikrein excretion. We have used this technique to study the effect of alterations in sodium and water metabolism on kallikrein excretion. Acute volume expansion with saline and moderate acute or chronic increases in water intake did not alter the excretion of either active or inactive kallikrein. Dietary sodium restriction increased the excretion of total kallikrein by 30%; active kallikrein increased 82%, while inactive kallikrein excretion was found to be unchanged. Spironolactone reduced total kallikrein excretion in subjects on a low salt diet. Again, the change in excretion was entirely attributable to the active form of the enzyme. Total kallikrein excretion increased during the first 3 days of fludrocortisone administration in subjects on a high salt intake and then plateaued. Active kallikrein increased progressively throughout the 7-day study period. Inactive kallikrein increased during the first 4 days, then fell to control levels. Thus, mineralocorticoid initially stimulates the formation and/or release into urine of both active and inactive kallikrein. Later, reciprocal changes in active and inactive enzymes occur. PMID- 6549760 TI - President's message: the future of ET nursing. PMID- 6549761 TI - The ET with a stoma: the question of self-disclosure. PMID- 6549762 TI - Constipation in infants and children: personal observations and management. PMID- 6549763 TI - Oral medications and the person with a fecal diversion: the dilemma of absorption. PMID- 6549764 TI - Colostomy irrigations--so simple? PMID- 6549765 TI - A pouching system to contain drainage from an abscess during irrigation. PMID- 6549766 TI - Shotgun wounds: a case study. PMID- 6549768 TI - The importance of being exotic. PMID- 6549767 TI - Barium instillation via colostomy. PMID- 6549769 TI - Karaya reconsidered. PMID- 6549770 TI - IAET (International Association for Enterostomal Therapy) strategic planning report: Part I. PMID- 6549771 TI - Penicillin prophylaxis in children with cardiac disease: postextraction bacteremia and penicillin-resistant strains of viridans streptococci. AB - The incidence of postextraction bacteremia in 82 children with dental foci and cardiac disease given parenteral penicillin prophylaxis was assessed 5 min after extraction. Penicillin concentrations were determined in blood samples obtained at the same time. Before extraction, cultures were taken from the gingival sulcus. Postextraction bacteremia occurred in 21% of the patients and was due to penicillin-sensitive microorganisms in 10 and to both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant microorganisms in seven children. In three of these children penicillin-resistant viridans streptococcal strains were isolated. Penicillin resistant viridans streptococci were present in the gingival sulcus flora of 39% of the children, but a relationship between the presence of such strains in the gingival sulcus and the occurrence of postextraction bacteremia could not be demonstrated. There was no difference in the serum penicillin concentrations found in children with bacteremia due to penicillin-sensitive or penicillin resistant microorganisms, or between the concentrations in children with and without bacteremia. PMID- 6549772 TI - Vancomycin treatment of bacteremia caused by oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: comparison with beta-lactam antibiotic treatment of bacteremia caused by oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The epidemiology and therapy of 29 episodes of bacteremia caused by oxacillin- and aminoglycoside-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (OARSA) were compared with 29 episodes of bacteremia due to oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus (OSSA) that occurred during a 36-month period. Patients with bacteremia due to OSSA were younger (P less than 0.05) and were admitted more frequently with acute traumatic injury (P less than 0.01). The overall survival rate one month after persistent bacteremia was 74% for patients with OARSA bacteremia treated with vancomycin compared with 70% for patients with OSSA bacteremia treated with a beta-lactam antibiotic. The results indicate that vancomycin is an effective antibiotic for the treatment of bacteremia caused by OARSA and suggest that its effectiveness is comparable to that of beta-lactam antibiotic treatment of bacteremia due to OSSA. PMID- 6549773 TI - Plasma prekallikrein: quantitative determination by direct activation with Hageman factor fragment (beta-XIIa). AB - This report describes a plasma prekallikrein assay which, unlike methods that employ contact activation, is not affected by the factor XII or HMW kininogen content of the plasma analyzed. In this assay beta-XIIa, a potent fluid-phase activator of prekallikrein, is added to diluted plasma in the presence of 20% acetone (to inactivate kallikrein inhibitors) at 30 degrees C and the kallikrein generated is measured with the chromogenic substrate S-2302. Prekallikrein is fully activated under these conditions and the activity remains stable for at least 30 hr. The mean prekallikrein concentration in plasma samples from 24 healthy individuals was 1.50 +/- 0.35 (S.D.) S-2302 U/ml, corresponding to 20.3 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml prekallikrein (the specific activity of highly purified human prekallikrein was determined to be 74 S-2302 U/mg). In contrast, the mean concentration in five plasma samples from patients deficient in HMW kininogen was 0.38 +/- 0.02 S-2302 U/ml. No activity was generated in prekallikrein-deficient plasma, and essentially normal levels (1.35 +/- 0.18 S-2302 U/ml) were measured in plasmas from three patients with factor XII deficiency. Plasma prekallikrein was also quantitated by radial immunodiffusion, which gave results similar to those obtained by functional assay with beta-XIIa. The determination of plasma prekallikrein by direct activation with beta-XIIa in the presence of acetone offers several advantages over the use of contact activators such as dextran sulfate. These advantages include complete inactivation of kallikrein inhibitors and total activation of prekallikrein (even in plasmas deficient in other contact factors) without simultaneous generation of plasmin. PMID- 6549774 TI - A quantitative regional analysis of amino acids involved in rat brain protein synthesis by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A biochemical method is described for the simultaneous quantitative estimation of unidirectional blood-brain amino acid influx and protein biosynthesis in individual structures of the rat brain. The method involved a double labeling experiment started by the administration of [14C]carboxyl-labeled amino acids and terminated 2 min after infusion of 3H-labeled amino acids, each at tracer quantities, the total labeling period being 45 min. Specific radioactivities of 14C- or 3H-labeled phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine were determined in plasma and in small brain tissue samples for free amino acids, aminoacyl-tRNAs, and proteins. Amino acids were converted to their corresponding 5-dimethylamino-naphthalenesulfonyl (Dns, dansyl) derivatives and separated on HPLC C18 reversed-phase columns isocratically according to a newly developed optimizing procedure. The order of influx values between the neutral amino acids in relation to each other was Leu greater than Tyr greater than Ile greater than Phe greater than Val in every structure examined. Although aminoacylation of tRNAs was found to proceed to a comparable degree for neutral amino acids in all regions investigated, the specific radioactivity of amino acids attached to tRNAs differed substantially from that in the free amino acid pool, especially for leucine and valine. The results indicate the necessity of aminoacyl-tRNA determinations for tracer incorporation studies in protein synthesis analysis. Relative protein synthesis rates in the halothane-anesthetized rat were determined to be 30 and 67-91 pmol total amino acid incorporation/min/mg tissue for white and gray matter, respectively. PMID- 6549775 TI - Nursing Classification System: foundation for personnel planning and control. AB - This article demonstrates the usefulness of the Nursing Classification System (NCS) as an operational planning and control tool. Inherent in the NCS is sensitivity both to the quality of nursing care standards and to the variability in patient acuity levels. Consequently, the NCS provides a more effective basis for setting and monitoring productivity objectives in nursing service areas than cruder measures, such as full-time equivalents per patient day. Here the authors introduce and illustrate the concept of workload indexing, a means by which the NCS assists in defining staffing needs and monitoring workload and performance. The nursing administrator will gain insight into a simple and economical method of fiscal accountability for the personnel budget. PMID- 6549776 TI - Patient classification systems: the ideal vs. reality. AB - This author identifies a critical problem in the wholesale adoption of patient classification systems (PCSs) in nursing departments. She suggests that without attention to their reliability and validity for the specific institution's standards and practice, PCSs may frustrate, rather than assist, the nursing administrator's efforts to predict staffing needs. Here she describes an "ideal" PCS and compares it with the reality of today's systems. She then suggests ways that nursing administrators can move closer to this ideal system and make PCSs more useful management tools. PMID- 6549777 TI - Improving peer relationships through contracting in primary nursing. AB - Effective peer group relationships are essential in both primary nursing and the peer review process. Yet professional peer behaviors are frequently lacking in primary nursing groups. These authors believe that if some of the problems in peer relationships are not resolved, primary nursing could be doomed to failure. Here they discuss the concept of "peer contracting" as a potentially useful method for facilitating the development of more professional peer group relationships. From their experience with peer contracting, they present some practical considerations regarding its use and value. Their discussion raises some critical points concerning problems in peer group relationships, and it stimulates further exploration of the nature, use, and implications of peer contracting as a vehicle that can help primary nursing realize its potential. PMID- 6549779 TI - Breaking through the sound barrier. PMID- 6549778 TI - Solubilization of a protein synthesis inhibitor from vaccinia virions. AB - The protein synthesis inhibitor previously demonstrated to be associated with vaccinia cores was quantitatively solubilized from vaccinia virions or cores after an endogenous protein kinase reaction at pH 10. The presence of the inhibitor in the soluble extract correlated with the presence of soluble virion proteins phosphorylated in vitro. Partially purified inhibitor blocked methionyl tRNAfMet-40S initiation complex formation, as was the case in cell-free extracts derived from vaccinia virus-infected cells. PMID- 6549781 TI - Preventing patient falls. PMID- 6549782 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing practice. Part 2. PMID- 6549783 TI - Deciphering diagnostic studies: mediastinoscopy. PMID- 6549784 TI - Sharing: a different kind of nursing judgment. PMID- 6549785 TI - Infusing morphine safely. PMID- 6549786 TI - In hypertensive emergencies, act quickly but also act cautiously. PMID- 6549787 TI - Mumps. PMID- 6549788 TI - The final task. Life review for the dying patient. PMID- 6549790 TI - Making your needle selection right to the point. PMID- 6549789 TI - Life review for the elderly patient. PMID- 6549791 TI - Hyperglycemia: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6549792 TI - Tips for treating corrosive burns. PMID- 6549793 TI - Teaching patients to use the new blood-glucose monitoring products. Part 2. PMID- 6549794 TI - Performing percussion. PMID- 6549795 TI - A better shift report means better nursing care. PMID- 6549797 TI - Fear of floating to an intensive care unit. PMID- 6549796 TI - Reversing life-threatening sepsis. Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 6549798 TI - After surgery. How you can avoid the obvious . . . and the not so obvious . . . hazards. PMID- 6549799 TI - Nursing update: aminoglycosides. PMID- 6549800 TI - How to reduce your risk of a lawsuit. PMID- 6549801 TI - Five orders you must question to protect yourself legally. PMID- 6549802 TI - How ethical are you? Part 1. PMID- 6549804 TI - Nurses need nurturing, too. (Here's how to get it). PMID- 6549803 TI - Giving emotional support to families after a patient dies. PMID- 6549805 TI - You can change a patient's problem behavior. PMID- 6549806 TI - How--and when--to blow the whistle on unsafe practices. PMID- 6549807 TI - Are you listening to yourself? Increase your self-awareness for more control of your life. PMID- 6549808 TI - Employee rights vs. hospital prerogatives. PMID- 6549809 TI - Art & science of management. Avoiding responsibility. PMID- 6549810 TI - Quality circles. PMID- 6549811 TI - Classifying rehabilitation patients. PMID- 6549812 TI - Incident reports subject to discovery? PMID- 6549813 TI - The ten-hour schedule. PMID- 6549814 TI - An emergency room teacher's guide. PMID- 6549815 TI - Understanding the difficult patient. PMID- 6549816 TI - A nurse's conscience. PMID- 6549817 TI - It's time to take charge. PMID- 6549819 TI - The food square: helping people of different cultures understand balanced diets. PMID- 6549818 TI - How to use the Heimlich maneuver on choking infants and children. PMID- 6549820 TI - Suicide in school aged children: theory and assessment. PMID- 6549821 TI - Television viewing and the hospitalized child. PMID- 6549822 TI - REACH: self-care for the chronically ill child. PMID- 6549823 TI - Newborn circumcision: fathers' involvement. PMID- 6549824 TI - Attachment versus spoiling. PMID- 6549825 TI - Practice management: in any practice: what's up front counts. PMID- 6549826 TI - Pediatric management problems: hypertension. PMID- 6549827 TI - Childhood assumptions and nurses' practices. PMID- 6549828 TI - Is that doctorate necessary? PMID- 6549829 TI - Significant questions about IOM's study of nursing. PMID- 6549830 TI - Professional nursing practice in the bureaucratic hospital--revisited. PMID- 6549831 TI - Let us not abandon the humanities. PMID- 6549832 TI - Community focus in public health nursing: whose responsibility? PMID- 6549833 TI - A comprehensive grading scheme. PMID- 6549834 TI - The patient's right to know--a reprise. PMID- 6549835 TI - What is a book review? PMID- 6549837 TI - The effects of holding the newborn at delivery on paternal bonding. AB - Thirty-seven married first-time fathers attending uncomplicated deliveries of normal infants were randomly assigned to two groups, holding or not holding at delivery. At 12 to 36 hours postpartum, bonding behavior frequencies were recorded during ten minutes of father-infant interaction. Two observers measured the behaviors; verbal interaction, smiling, eye contact, fingertip and whole-hand touching. Analysis of the data by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no difference between the groups (p greater than .05). More bonding behaviors were noted with increased levels of education, male infants, breastfed infants, and outlet-forcep or cesarean-section deliveries. Early contact did not appear to enhance bonding, although several other factors seemed to be related, indicating a need for further study on paternal bonding. PMID- 6549836 TI - Women's perceptions of vaginal and cesarean deliveries. AB - Three groups of women were compared to determine their perceptions of giving birth and the relationships between those perceptions and their degree of participation in decision making, the type of anesthesia for delivery, and the presence of their husbands at the births. Forty women had vaginal deliveries; 39 had emergency cesareans, and 43 had planned cesareans. All the women were interviewed and completed self-administered questionnaires two to four days after delivery. The three groups had significantly different perceptions of the birth experience with the emergency cesarean birth group having the most negative perception. Among women having cesareans, more positive perceptions were associated with regional anesthesia, presence of their husbands at delivery, and greater participation in decision making. Women in the cesarean groups were less likely to breast feed, and those having planned cesareans were least likely to attend childbirth classes. Many of the women were unaware of the options available to them that could influence the birth experiences. PMID- 6549838 TI - Attitudes toward women in menopause: a Vignette approach. AB - The attitudes of women (1) toward a woman in menopause, (2) comparable male and non-menopausal female stimulus figures, (3) and themselves were compared using a vignette approach. Vignettes depicting a middle-aged female and a middle-aged male were presented to 152 women between the ages of 18 and 55. The women were asked to rate the vignette subjects on a semantic differential. Approximately half of the women received a vignette of a woman who was identified as being menopausal, and half received the identical vignette without the menopausal condition. Participants then completed a semantic differential rating of themselves and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS). There was no difference in the semantic differential ratings of the menopausal vs. the nonmenopausal vignette characters, nor in the male vs. the female characters. Although the participants ranked themselves higher than both the female and male characters, there was no difference in the ratings of the vignettes or the self by women with lower vs. higher self-esteem. PMID- 6549839 TI - Anxiety, critical thinking and information processing during and after breast biopsy. AB - State anxiety (STAI), critical thinking ability (CTA), and judged duration were tested for coping relatedness and change over time in 85 women, aged 18 to 60, who were experiencing breast biopsy. Participants were tested after hospital admission but before diagnostic results were known. Six to eight weeks later, women whose results were benign were tested again--when an acute crisis is considered concluded. Findings revealed extremely high state anxiety levels prior to biopsy and compromised reasoning ability at a critical time when demands on cognitive functioning were high. PMID- 6549840 TI - The choice between hospital and home care for terminally ill children. AB - This study explored the decision making process of physicians and parents in choosing between hospital and home care for children in the terminal phase of cancer. Data were gathered from hospital records of the children and from interviews with their parents. Discriminant function analysis of hospital record data suggested that the physician's influence over care and treatment choices remained the dominant influence into the terminal phase. Yet parents reported that they were most influenced by their child's and their own desires and beliefs about their ability to provide care. The possibility of a two-stage decision process is offered to explain this discrepancy. PMID- 6549841 TI - The use of predictive modeling to test nursing practice outcomes. AB - A middle range, multivariate practice model was constructed to test the impact of a perioperative teaching program on multiple patient outcomes: coping, anxiety, recovery pattern, pain, and patient satisfaction. In addition, the influence of such a program on nursing staff was examined. A quasi-experimental, causal modeling approach was used. The operative trajectory of 88 patients and their operating room nursing staff was traced from two pre-operative points through the intra-operative stage to two points post-operatively. The experimental patients (n = 54) evidenced higher satisfaction with their care, a tendency to experience less post-operative vomiting, but also tended to recover more slowly and cope less well than the control patients (n = 34). Multiple regression analysis of the practice model suggested the perioperative teaching program affected patient outcomes, indirectly, through the functioning of the staff nurses intra operatively. PMID- 6549842 TI - Further development of the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire: normative data and validity testing. AB - This article describes the second phase of testing the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ), an instrument designed to measure multiple dimensions of social support. Three studies were conducted to provide a normative data base and to further test validity. In the first study, data from 136 employed adults were obtained. The amount and type of support available for a functioning group of male and female respondents and sources of support for this sample are described. In the second and third studies, the instrument was found to be very stable over a seven-month interval and sensitive to changes within the social support networks of a group of graduate students during their first year of study. Construct validity of the instrument was established by comparing convergent and discriminant constructs to the NSSQ. Concurrent validity with another social support questionnaire was demonstrated. Predictive validity was tested in a sample of 53 graduate students through assessing the buffering effect of social support on measures of negative mood following life stress. Two NSSQ subscales, aid and duration of relationships, had significant interaction effects with life stress on the outcome of negative mood. Duration of relationships also had a significant main effect. After subtracting the main effect for life stress from the overall R2 in the multiple regression analysis, the NSSQ functional support subscales and their interactions with life stress accounted for 19 percent of the variance on negative mood, and the NSSQ network property subscales and their interactions accounted for 20 percent of the variance. PMID- 6549843 TI - The relationship of weight loss, locus of control, and social support. AB - This study investigated the relationship between weight loss, locus of control, and social support. It was hypothesized that internals would be more successful in weight reduction than externals/powerful others or externals/chance; that participants with higher social-support scores would be more successful in weight reduction than participants with lower social support scores; and that social support would contribute more to success in weight reduction in externals/powerful others than in internals or externals/chance. Subjects were 46 female employees of a large life insurance company who had participated in a nutrition and weight control program. They were studied six months later to assess weight change, locus of control (specifically, using a multidimensional health locus of control scale and a modified weight locus of control scale) and social support (using an investigator-developed scale). Study findings did not support the hypotheses. Rather, a significant negative relationship was found between social support and weight reduction in the case of internals. Possible explanations for the findings were discussed, along with recommendations for practice and further research. For example, it was suggested that it may be most desirable for those attempting weight loss to be sufficiently internal that they believe they are capable of bringing their weight under control, yet sufficiently external that they are amenable to the advice of health professionals. PMID- 6549844 TI - Role selection by nurses: managerial interests and personal attributes. AB - The relationship between interest in management roles and personality, demographic, and career background characteristics of 122 female nurses was investigated. The study tested the proposition that women in nursing seek roles within the profession that permit the expression of their personalities. The subjects, first-quarter master's degree students, were classified into management or non-management groups, based upon their scores on the business management scale of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII). Results of a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) for unequal N's showed significant group differences on seven of the 11 scales of the Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI). Findings indicated that those who exhibited managerial interests were more practical-minded, sociable, conforming, dominant, expressive, and had more occupational interests than those who did not demonstrate such interest. Women lacking managerial interests showed a greater preference for "feminine," low status occupations. No significant group differences were found on any of the 19 demographic and career background variables. PMID- 6549845 TI - Nursing education and job effectiveness. AB - The purpose of this multiple regression study was to determine whether nurses with different educational preparation differ in job effectiveness. The dependent variable job effectiveness was ascertained by asking head nurses to rate their staff nurses on job effectiveness by comparing them to each other and to ideal best and worst possible nurses. Job effectiveness was not defined; rather, a profile of the effective nurse was constructed from the study data. Questionnaire data were analyzed for 299 staff nurses (75 percent return): 53 practical nurses, 63 associate degree nurses, 134 diploma nurses and 49 baccalaureate nurses. The sample was obtained from 52 units located in 12 Chicago area hospitals chosen randomly from a stratified list. PMID- 6549846 TI - Holter monitoring: a method for nursing research. PMID- 6549847 TI - Dispensing medications. PMID- 6549848 TI - Antenatal clinics. 6. Using the midwifery process. PMID- 6549849 TI - District nursing in Liverpool: a city of survivors. PMID- 6549850 TI - District nursing education. The task in hand. PMID- 6549851 TI - District nursing management. The advent of the supernumerary student. PMID- 6549852 TI - Communication: a big challenge from the small. PMID- 6549853 TI - Mental health forum. 1. Continuous care in a therapeutic environment. PMID- 6549854 TI - Mental health forum. 1. Home is where the heart is. PMID- 6549855 TI - Mental health forum. 1. Cash on delivery. PMID- 6549856 TI - Nursing in the year 2000. PMID- 6549858 TI - Have you hugged your kid today? PMID- 6549857 TI - Autotransfusion: your blood or mine? PMID- 6549859 TI - A climate for learning. PMID- 6549860 TI - The twilight years. PMID- 6549861 TI - Nursing care study: caught in a vicious circle. PMID- 6549863 TI - Careers: gynaecological nursing. PMID- 6549862 TI - Law. 5. The benefits of being an employee. PMID- 6549864 TI - Gifted children: bright young things. PMID- 6549865 TI - Enlivening the syllabus: all at sea. PMID- 6549866 TI - The passage of infection. PMID- 6549867 TI - Law. 5. How high are the hurdles? PMID- 6549868 TI - Antenatal clinics. 7. Involving the community. PMID- 6549869 TI - Management: changes in the ward. PMID- 6549870 TI - Nursing care study: a break from the bottle. PMID- 6549871 TI - Care in the community. PMID- 6549872 TI - Nursing care study: giving the necessary support. PMID- 6549873 TI - Nursing models: the unfolding of ideas. PMID- 6549874 TI - Counselling: we won't make a drama out of a crisis. PMID- 6549875 TI - Midwifery forum. 1. Genital herpes. PMID- 6549876 TI - Midwifery forum. 1. Fetal well-being. PMID- 6549877 TI - Midwifery forum. 1. A matter on convenience. PMID- 6549878 TI - When the jugs start flying. PMID- 6549879 TI - Careers: agency nursing. PMID- 6549880 TI - Spasticity management in spinal cord injury. PMID- 6549881 TI - Intermittent catheterization and urinary tract infection. PMID- 6549882 TI - A nursing communication assessment guide. PMID- 6549883 TI - A reciprocation model for nursing service and education. PMID- 6549884 TI - Hypocalcemia: a medical emergency. PMID- 6549885 TI - Quality of life for breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6549886 TI - Documentation in child abuse. PMID- 6549887 TI - Hazards in the hospital environment. The sterilants: ethylene oxide and formaldehyde. PMID- 6549889 TI - Adult arthritis. CE. PMID- 6549888 TI - Nursing diagnosis and the COPD patient. PMID- 6549890 TI - Adult arthritis. A look at some of its forms. PMID- 6549891 TI - Adult arthritis. The assessment. PMID- 6549892 TI - Adult arthritis. Drugs and remedies. PMID- 6549893 TI - Adult arthritis. Heat, cold, or both? PMID- 6549894 TI - Adult arthritis. Exercise. PMID- 6549895 TI - Adult arthritis. Hand splints. PMID- 6549897 TI - The legal side. Fears of a float nurse. PMID- 6549896 TI - Tenure today. PMID- 6549899 TI - Primary nursing--is it worth it? PMID- 6549898 TI - Plasma kallikrein-kinin system in septicemia. AB - Plasma prekallikrein and functional kallikrein inhibition were studied in 18 surgical patients with complicating septicemia using chromogenic peptide substrate assays. Nine patients died and nine survived. In all 18 patients plasma prekallikrein values were reduced markedly when septicemia was diagnosed. During treatment gradually increasing values were found in the survivors, whereas values remained low in the fatal cases. Significantly reduced functional plasma kallikrein inhibition was associated with the development of fatal septic shock. The findings show that determination of these components of the plasma kallikrein kinin system gives valuable information of prognostic value in patients with septicemia. Furthermore, the chromogenic peptide substrate assays used are fast and easy to perform and therefore suitable for intensive care medicine. PMID- 6549900 TI - Effective of teaching methods for renal patients. PMID- 6549901 TI - Restoration of protein synthesis in lysed rabbit reticulocytes by the enzymatic removal of adenosine 5'-monophosphate with either AMP deaminase or AMP nucleosidase. PMID- 6549902 TI - Studies on esterolytic activity of alternative complement component factor B. PMID- 6549903 TI - Incest victims: the adults. PMID- 6549904 TI - Sex therapy--couple counselling. PMID- 6549905 TI - Working with incest victims. PMID- 6549906 TI - Cancer: advances in prevention, screening and diagnosis. PMID- 6549907 TI - Clinical drug trials. PMID- 6549908 TI - Canada's Food and Drugs Act: is it really doing the job it was set up to do? PMID- 6549910 TI - How planning can decrease patient stress. PMID- 6549909 TI - A preventive approach to staff stress. PMID- 6549911 TI - Do you believe in screening? PMID- 6549912 TI - Crisis as a corollary of cancer diagnosis. PMID- 6549913 TI - Part one: Self help for the cancer patient. PMID- 6549914 TI - New directions in care. Part two: Dealing with the dying patient in the hospital. PMID- 6549915 TI - Diary of a daughter. PMID- 6549916 TI - Hospice volunteer. PMID- 6549917 TI - Why a special issue for cancer nurses? PMID- 6549918 TI - Medical technology--who is going to call the shots? PMID- 6549919 TI - Commentary. Is anybody listening? PMID- 6549920 TI - The working mother and her breastfeeding infant. PMID- 6549921 TI - Nutrition now. PMID- 6549922 TI - Maintaining adequate nutrition and hydration in the dysphagic ALS patient. PMID- 6549923 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. PMID- 6549924 TI - Revitalizing problem solving with triple jump. PMID- 6549925 TI - Good to the last drop. PMID- 6549926 TI - Is your client at risk for respiratory complications? PMID- 6549927 TI - What's happening. Inverness summer student project. PMID- 6549929 TI - Sperm banking: a reproductive option in cancer therapy. PMID- 6549928 TI - The effects of short-term postoperative counseling on cancer/ostomy patients. PMID- 6549930 TI - A mobile cancer nursing outreach program: assumptions and realities. PMID- 6549931 TI - The sexual knowledge and attitudes of professional nurses caring for oncology patients. PMID- 6549932 TI - Self-care for side effects in cancer chemotherapy: an assessment of nursing interventions--Part II. PMID- 6549933 TI - Cancer nursing and the law. Wrongful life--Part II. PMID- 6549934 TI - Metoclopramide: a brief review. PMID- 6549935 TI - Nursing implications in cardiovascular nuclear medicine. PMID- 6549936 TI - Nursing care: a view from the patient's family. PMID- 6549937 TI - Support for carers: incontinence. PMID- 6549938 TI - Goodwill to all men. PMID- 6549939 TI - Professional liability. PMID- 6549940 TI - Accurate assessment of blood loss (continuing education). PMID- 6549941 TI - Endotracheal suctioning: "are we harming our patients?". PMID- 6549942 TI - Extrinsic allergic alveolitis. PMID- 6549943 TI - Wellness: what it is and how to achieve it. PMID- 6549944 TI - Management of violent patients (CEU home study). PMID- 6549945 TI - A nursing perspective on frostbite. PMID- 6549946 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning. PMID- 6549947 TI - The nursing management of families in the critical care setting. PMID- 6549948 TI - Viral hepatitis. PMID- 6549949 TI - Cocaine look-alikes. PMID- 6549951 TI - Physiology review. Renal physiology. PMID- 6549952 TI - Family discussion groups, a way to meet the needs of the ICU patient's family. PMID- 6549953 TI - Your mystery arrhythmia strips. PMID- 6549950 TI - Grief at sudden death... you can help (continuing education). PMID- 6549954 TI - Nursing management in critical care units. Developing a project proposal. PMID- 6549955 TI - A nursing reference: gastrointestinal tubes and drains. Part II: esophageal tubes. PMID- 6549956 TI - Nursing rule: rectal temperatures should not be taken on a patient with coronary disease. PMID- 6549958 TI - Respiratory meteorology. Today's humidity and temperature is. PMID- 6549957 TI - Evaluation of the patient sustaining a right ventricular infarction and nursing implications. PMID- 6549959 TI - Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. PMID- 6549960 TI - Arrhythmia quiz. PMID- 6549961 TI - Are you listening? Myocardial infarct. PMID- 6549962 TI - Procedure for chronic peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6549963 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 6549964 TI - A new way to obtain right atrial pressure. PMID- 6549965 TI - The uncooperative physician. PMID- 6549966 TI - Teaching research at the undergraduate level. PMID- 6549967 TI - Nursing history in the undergraduate curriculum: renewal and relevance. PMID- 6549968 TI - The special challenges of pediatric IVs. PMID- 6549969 TI - The battered woman. PMID- 6549970 TI - Patient classification in critical care. PMID- 6549971 TI - Implementing nursing diagnosis in the critical care setting. PMID- 6549972 TI - Nursing diagnosis in critical care. PMID- 6549973 TI - Planning critical care experiences for students. PMID- 6549974 TI - Acute and chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6549975 TI - Control in the diabetic patient. PMID- 6549976 TI - Position statement: American Association of Diabetes Educators. Blood glucose monitoring. PMID- 6549977 TI - Self blood glucose monitoring: an update. PMID- 6549978 TI - Problems of the diabetic foot. Diabetes and amputations. PMID- 6549979 TI - Problems of the diabetic foot. Role of the special dressing service. PMID- 6549980 TI - Problems of the diabetic foot. Physical therapy management of diabetics undergoing lower extremity amputations. PMID- 6549981 TI - Problems of the diabetic foot. Nutrition for the amputee. PMID- 6549982 TI - Problems of the diabetic foot. Teaching plan for amputation. PMID- 6549983 TI - A game format for use in patient education. PMID- 6549984 TI - Nutrition labeling. PMID- 6549985 TI - [Plasma prekallikrein level in pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6549986 TI - The multifunctional polypeptide chains of rabbit-mammary fatty-acid synthase. Stoichiometry of active sites and active-site mapping using limited proteolysis. AB - Several methods have been used to label active centres on the multifunctional polypeptide chains of rabbit mammary fatty acid synthase. Experiments using [14C]acetyl-CoA or [14C]malonyl-CoA have shown that there is a single non-thiol site which binds either acetyl or malonyl groups, present at a stoichiometry of two per enzyme dimer, and representing an intermediate in the acyl transferase reaction. This adds further support to the view that the two subunits are identical and that each polypeptide chain contains up to seven active centres. However, two novel and independent methods for the quantification of the pantetheine thiol demonstrate that this prosthetic group can be present in sub stoichiometric amounts. By studying intermediates during limited elastase digestion of fatty acid synthase labelled in different active centres, we have been able to map the positions of four active centres within the polypeptide chain. The thioesterase domain is present in a terminal location on both polypeptide chains as previously reported. The acyl carrier domain (pantetheine thiol) is located in a region of molecular weight 9000 immediately adjacent to the thioesterase domain. The acyl transferase (acyl-O-ester site) and the 3 oxoacylsynthase thiol are located in a region of molecular weight 110000 at the opposite end of the polypeptide chain to the thioesterase domain. The relationship between the disposition of the activities on the multifunctional polypeptide chains of yeast and mammalian fatty acid synthase is discussed. PMID- 6549987 TI - No arginyl adenylate is detectable as an intermediate in the aminoacylation of tRNAArg. AB - On the supposition that aminoacyl adenylate is a necessary intermediate in the reactions catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, six possible reactions requiring this intermediate were tested. With arginyl tRNA synthetase from brewer's yeast they were all negative and with phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase they were all positive. Therefore, no evidence for the formation of arginyl adenylate could be provided. This is in contrast to results published elsewhere. It was shown that the reaction proceeds through a quaternary complex. The aminoacylation of the tRNA is followed by a rearrangement of the quaternary complex that also affects the structure of the arginyl-tRNA. PMID- 6549988 TI - [Food value and hygienic properties of vegetables]. PMID- 6549989 TI - [Anthrax and its prevention]. PMID- 6549990 TI - [Pertussis and parapertussis]. PMID- 6549991 TI - [Mycobacteriosis and its causative agents]. PMID- 6549992 TI - [Myocarditis]. PMID- 6549993 TI - [Additional measures for improving health protection for the population of the USSR]. PMID- 6549994 TI - [Migraine]. PMID- 6549995 TI - [Otogenic meningitis]. PMID- 6549996 TI - [Prevention of blindness from primary glaucoma]. PMID- 6549997 TI - [Medical first aid in spinal fractures]. PMID- 6549998 TI - [Bioindication method of assessing environmental quality]. PMID- 6549999 TI - [Propaganda for rational nutrition (material for discussions)]. PMID- 6550000 TI - [Hirudo therapy]. PMID- 6550001 TI - [Current methods of assessing the physical development of schoolchildren]. PMID- 6550002 TI - Pediatric nursing. Life flight. PMID- 6550003 TI - Medical charts and negligence. PMID- 6550004 TI - A nursing emergency...acute adrenal crisis. PMID- 6550006 TI - The organization of human resources in critical care units. PMID- 6550005 TI - Critical care practicum. PMID- 6550007 TI - Irrigating clotted IV lines--a potential hazard. PMID- 6550008 TI - Current vasodilator therapy. PMID- 6550009 TI - Can 98.6 degrees be a fever in disguise? PMID- 6550010 TI - The benefits of a drug holiday. PMID- 6550011 TI - The shopping mall as a therapeutic area. PMID- 6550012 TI - Living with limitations. PMID- 6550013 TI - Let the auction begin! PMID- 6550014 TI - Focus on wellness. PMID- 6550015 TI - Nutrition: how to cook for one or two... and enjoy it. PMID- 6550016 TI - 70+ and going strong. Irving Caesar, songwriter extraordinary. Interview by Betsy Todd. PMID- 6550017 TI - Entry into a nursing home as status passage: a theory to guide nursing practice. PMID- 6550018 TI - Mentally ill in nursing homes? Yes, if... PMID- 6550020 TI - Nursing still has barriers. PMID- 6550019 TI - Community health nursing: are you prepared? PMID- 6550021 TI - The Tylenol scare and its nursing implications. PMID- 6550022 TI - Chemical waste and radioactive materials: nursing and health implications. PMID- 6550023 TI - Radiation in the nurse's workplace. PMID- 6550024 TI - America the beautiful? PMID- 6550026 TI - Future directions: impact on NSNA 1982 and 2012. PMID- 6550025 TI - Your (our) future. PMID- 6550028 TI - Existence of prokallikrein in the kidney. Its biochemical properties compared to three active glandular kallikreins from the kidney, serum, and urine of the rat. AB - Prokallikrein in the kidney was partially purified with immunoaffinity and DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatographies, and its biochemical properties were studied in comparison to three active glandular kallikreins purified from kidney, serum, and urine of the rat. The properties of the enzyme obtained by trypsin activation of prokallikrein were identical with those of active glandular kallikreins from the kidney, serum, and urine of the rat. Apparent molecular weights of prokallikrein, trypsin-activated kallikrein, active renal kallikrein, and glandular kallikrein in rat serum were 38,000 and of active urinary kallikrein, 37,000. Prokallikrein fraction was activated only by trypsin, but not by acidification, pepsin, and rat urinary esterase A treatments. Renal kallikrein, purified in the presence of soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), contained 85% prokallikrein, but the enzymic fraction, purified in the absence of SBTI, contained 23% prokallikrein. Prokallikrein contents of urinary kallikrein and glandular kallikrein in rat serum were 16% and 20% respectively. These results suggest that prokallikrein is produced in the kidney and activated easily by a trypsin-like enzyme. Since rat serum contains active glandular kallikrein, kallikrein in the kidney may be secreted not only into the urine, but also into the blood. PMID- 6550029 TI - [Prevention: a matter of nutrition]. PMID- 6550027 TI - H-2-linked murine factor B phenotypes. AB - A hemolytic assay has been developed which is specific for Factor B (B) activity in murine EDTA-plasma. Three discrete levels of B activity were observed among B10-congenic strains. Mice with standard H-2 haplotypes, b, d, k, r, f, q, s, and u, all exhibited the same mean level of activity. However, plasma from H-2v (B10.SM) mice contained only 0.25 of that level, and those with standard haplotype H-2ja (B10.WB) or wild haplotype H-2wr7 (B10.WR) exhibited 2.5 times the H-2b (B10) basal level of activity. These differences among B10 congenic lines suggested that the activity is H-2 controlled; further tentative mapping with intra-H-2 recombinants indicated that the gene is located in the S region. A fourth phenotype was found among progeny of backcross generations between B10.BR (H-2k) and mice of subspecies Mus musculus molossinus and M. m. bactrianus. This ultra-high activity was found also to be governed by a gene very closely linked to Ss, the primary S region marker. F1 generations between disparate phenotypes yielded progeny with activity levels intermediate between the parents; progeny of parents of different strains with the same phenotype expressed B hemolytic titres equal to those of the parental strains. No differences in antigenic levels of the protein among the strains of different phenotypes could be detected by radial immunodiffusion. In mixing experiments, resultant activity levels were intermediate between the higher and the lower phenotype, ruling out independent inhibitors or activators of the reaction. These studies indicate that an H-2 linked S region-located single gene governs structural differences in allelic B molecules that lead to differences in specific activities. PMID- 6550030 TI - [The elderly and problems tied to excessive alcohol consumption]. PMID- 6550031 TI - [Primary prevention]. PMID- 6550032 TI - [Detection of deafness in 6-to-8-month-old children. Current status]. PMID- 6550033 TI - [Safety and accident prevention in hospitals]. PMID- 6550034 TI - Women's concepts of depression. PMID- 6550035 TI - Depression after childbirth. PMID- 6550036 TI - Group support for young mothers. PMID- 6550037 TI - Puerperal psychosis - a personal experience. Part 1. Through a husband's eyes. Part 2. Through a patient's eyes. PMID- 6550038 TI - Caring for the carers. Part 1: The stresses of health visiting. PMID- 6550039 TI - The role dilemma of health visiting. PMID- 6550040 TI - Medicines in the home. PMID- 6550041 TI - Travelling families in east London--adapting health visiting methods to a minority group. PMID- 6550042 TI - Managing toddler diarrhoea. PMID- 6550043 TI - Recognition, general considerations, and techniques in the management of drug intoxication. PMID- 6550044 TI - Clinical aspects of drug intoxication: barbiturates and a potpourri of other sedatives, hypnotics, and tranquilizers. PMID- 6550045 TI - Clinical aspects of drug intoxication: alcohols and miscellaneous agents. PMID- 6550046 TI - Practical evaluation of catheter-transducer coupling systems for artifact. PMID- 6550047 TI - A controlled randomized study of early cardiac rehabilitation: the Sickness Impact Profile as an assessment tool. PMID- 6550048 TI - Coronary arteriography prior to hospital discharge after first myocardial infarction. PMID- 6550049 TI - Reproducibility and accuracy of using room-temperature vs. ice-temperature injectate for thermodilution cardiac output determination. PMID- 6550050 TI - The neurological basis of sleep. PMID- 6550051 TI - Thyroid storm--a nursing crisis. AB - A 48-year-old woman with a known history of hypothyroidism was admitted to the intensive care unit with a diagnosis of thyroid storm secondary to acute thyroid hormone poisoning and the possible hyperfunction of a singular thyroid nodule. Her clinical manifestations included pyrexia, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, RUQ abdominal pain, psychotic behavior, and pharyngitis. She was successfully treated with sodium iodide, PTU, propranolol, antibiotics, and a hypothermia mattress, with her serum T4 level returning to normal range prior to discharge. The patient was discharged 9 days after admission in good medical health with no medication. This article clearly shows that the functions of the endocrine system remain a frontier in today's medicine. With research, perhaps one day we might fully understand the intricate pathophysiology that results in thyroid storm. The potential problem format has been utilized in the development of the nursing care plan to assist the nurse with identifying and defining her patient's problems, as well as directing her assessment and nursing intervention. As more is learned about thyroid storm, nurses should update their knowledge so that they will be prepared to care for the patient with these difficult nursing problems. PMID- 6550052 TI - Use of the "diving reflex" in paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. AB - Immersing the patient's face in cold water to induce the "diving reflex" is a quick and simple method of treating paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Patients can be trained to perform the "diving reflex" at home. There are many advantages to this method of treatment when compared to many of the other therapies. Polyuria up to 3 L is often noted during the first 90 minutes of a paroxysmal tachycardia. The diuresis is thought to be due to atrial distention with resultant inhibition of antidiuretic hormone secretion. PMID- 6550053 TI - A means of suctioning without cardiopulmonary depression. PMID- 6550054 TI - Nursing care of the patient with rabies. PMID- 6550055 TI - Treatment of staphylococcal infections. PMID- 6550056 TI - Two proteinase inhibitors associated with peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6550057 TI - Ritual and rational action in hospitals. AB - Menzies argues that nursing hierarchies and ritual practices protect nurses from the anxieties provoked by encountering human suffering. This proposition is examined with particular reference to ritual practices in nursing. It is argued that Menzies studied nurses in isolation from the societal and subcultural norms and values which direct hospital activity. Her psychodynamic model is contrasted with a sociological model of human conduct and action. The characteristics of ritual and rational action, and the difference between non-rational and irrational rituals, is explored. The findings of three 5-month periods of participant observation are presented as illustrative case material to support the authors view, that ritual procedures are not only defence mechanisms against anxiety, but social acts which generate and convey meaning. Ritual practices described in this analysis include rituals surrounding birth, death, status and power. It is concluded that if nurses wish to change or alter ritual nursing practices in hospital it is necessary to understand their social as well as their psychological meaning. PMID- 6550058 TI - Some aspects of the relation between theory and research in nursing. AB - It is suggested that theory can be generated in three principle ways, these being induction, deduction and speculation. The use of these methodological approaches in nursing research and theory construction is briefly examined. The usefulness of theories and models is not doubted, but the extent to which some 'theorists' claim scientific status for their speculations (e.g. Martha Rogers) is deprecated. Finally it is argued that a brief overview of the central problems of epistemology is of value to students of theory and research. PMID- 6550059 TI - Role conflict and intention to leave nursing. AB - To test the hypothesis that one of the reasons why nurses leave their job is that they find it difficult to meet the public expectations 246 student and qualified nurses answered a questionnaire to assess this form of role conflict. It emerged that role conflict was highest among second and third year students and that particular aspects of it were strongly related to an expressed intention to leave nursing. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6550060 TI - An ethnography: four public health nurses' perspectives of nursing. AB - This paper examines one study of nursing practice that utilized ethnography as a research approach. The general overview of the ethnographic method and the symbolic interaction framework used are described. An overview of the specific approach is included. The findings of the study are presented. The strengths and problems of the approach for nursing research are then reviewed. Some potential uses of an ethnographic approach for clinical nursing research are outlined. PMID- 6550061 TI - Nursology of mouth care: preventing, comforting and seeking activities related to mouth care. AB - Mouth care across age groups, whether independently carried out or with assistance from a nurse, is frequently not considered in relation to the health of the mouth before commencement. This need for assessment and a schema as a baseline should dictate the most appropriate tools and the method of intervention. With a nursing model by Roper based on a model of living, nursing interventions are indicated across three age groups. PMID- 6550062 TI - Frontiers of nursing in the 21st century: development of models and theories on the concept of nursing. AB - In the past nursing has used a medically oriented perspective; consciously or not, nursing practice, education and research have been guided by the same conceptual frame of reference as has medicine. For nursing to justify its claim to being an independent health profession offering a particular service to society, it must adopt its own conceptual base, one that indicates those phenomena that are of concern to nursing and those health problems that nursing must try to solve. Many nurses have already chosen to base their teaching, research and nursing care on one of the existing conceptual models for nursing. The challenge for the 21st century is that all nurses adopt an explicit conceptual base. Broader than a theory, a conceptual model specifies nursing's focus of inquiry and may thus lead to the development of theories which will prove useful not only to nurses but to other health professionals as well. Since nursing exists to provide a necessary service to mankind, its conceptual base must be evaluated by using specific social criteria. PMID- 6550063 TI - Exploratory study to evaluate staff attitudes towards geriatric psychiatry. AB - This work is part of a larger study carried out at the Murray Royal and Murthly Hospitals within the Tayside Health District. The survey was concerned with staff attitudes towards geriatric psychiatry patients and shows that the nurses in these peripheral hospitals hold a positive attitude towards this area of nursing. These findings appear to contradict the popular opinion held throughout the nursing service, that the geriatric psychiatry nursing area is very unpopular with trained, untrained and learner nurses. In the study by Hooper [Nursing Times (1981) 77 37-40/43-44], anxiety levels among learners towards the geriatric nursing areas were found to be very high. This appears to correlate with Kogan [Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology (1961) 62, 616-622], which summarized is as follows: Young subjects were imputed to have a more consistently negative view of old people.' By using a series of two precoded questionnaires that the subjects completed, an overview of staff attitudes towards the geriatric psychiatry areas was obtained. The hypothesis on which the study was based was as follows: that a negative view towards geriatric psychiatry would be found among the staff of the Murray Royal and Murthly Hospitals.' However, the findings of this study did not support the hypothesis on any counts and gave a highly positive attitude scale. PMID- 6550064 TI - A personal construct theory approach to the socialization of nursing trainees in two British general hospitals. AB - Student and pupil nurses (64), from an initial sample of 117, completed repertory grids questionnaires and interviews on the first day of training, at 4 and 18 months. Measures of identification attraction and ideal/actual congruence were derived from the grids. Trainees were found to become more identified with and attracted to medical roles during training and less identified with and attracted to lower-status non-medical roles such as factory worker. Ideal/actual congruence with medical roles other than trainee also increased. Some measures derived from the grids related to trainee 'wastage' and to satisfaction with the hospital. PMID- 6550065 TI - Concept of nursing literacy: an energizing force in health care. AB - In 1976 the editor of the Journal of Advanced Nursing coined the 'concept of nursing literacy' in an editorial. In this keynote address at the College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA, he developed his ideas on his concept further. The concept entails intellectual, political, philosophical, analytical, practical, humanitarian, artistic and scientific skills. PMID- 6550066 TI - Choices for the future of nursing. PMID- 6550067 TI - Life cycle nursing: health care planning for the future. PMID- 6550068 TI - OBS and nursing care. PMID- 6550069 TI - Alzheimer's disease and critical care. Interactions, implications, interventions. PMID- 6550070 TI - Care for the caregivers. PMID- 6550071 TI - Abuse of the elderly. PMID- 6550072 TI - The cost of nursing care in hospitals. PMID- 6550073 TI - Improving the nurse-physician relationship. PMID- 6550074 TI - Creativity and challenges for nurse researchers in this economic recession. PMID- 6550075 TI - A useful model for program evaluation. AB - We have taught the Renzulli Key Features Model of evaluation to about 40 teams of nurses involved in a collaborative regional project and have found it to be a most effective tool. It is relatively simple to learn and execute, yet comprehensive. It encourages the evaluator to gather a broad range of data from a variety of groups, thus providing meaningful data for decision making. Within our project it has been used to assess the need for new programs, to determine whether programs should be continued, to plan revisions in existing programs, and to evaluate both the process and the outcomes of planned change. We have found it useful in all these areas and recommend it to other nurses who wish to conduct program evaluation. PMID- 6550076 TI - Allocating your merit increases the SMART way. AB - Although other formulas for determining merit increases can be developed and implemented successfully, the formula described in this article has been used successfully on a relatively large group of employees. Proper utilization of this method requires effective job evaluation and performance appraisal programs, both of which must have the capability of being summarized quantitatively. Human resource managers generally believe that employee performance is a function of an employee's ability and motivation and that money acts as a motivator. If you share this belief, then you must assure the employees you serve that they will be rewarded impartially and without predilection. The Systematic Merit Allocation Reward Technique is one method through which you can provide this needed assurance. PMID- 6550077 TI - A computer assisted quality assurance model. AB - This article describes a modular quality assurance program that was designed for computer automation. The author explains how the quality assurance model not only meets this need but also satisfies other critical objectives, including integration with the hospital's multidisciplinary quality assurance program and minimal redundancy in developing standards and measurement criteria. Readers will benefit from ideas for refining or developing effective quality assurance programs that can also use computer technology to increase productivity. PMID- 6550078 TI - A marketing approach to nursing administration--Part 1. AB - This two-part series assists the nursing administrator to recognize the value of the marketing discipline to nursing management and suggests how a marketing approach can be incorporated into the nursing service organization. Although both articles are written with the hospital nurse administrator in mind, nurse executives of other health care facilities such as nursing homes, health maintenance organizations, and home health and community health agencies will find marketing concepts equally applicable within their organizational structures. PMID- 6550079 TI - Pleural drainage: some elegant solutions. PMID- 6550080 TI - Infection control: physicians should wash their hands more often - and so should you! PMID- 6550082 TI - Surgical retraction: onerous but necessary. PMID- 6550081 TI - Greater Paterson General Hospital Wayne, New Jersey. PMID- 6550083 TI - Surgical instrument tables. PMID- 6550084 TI - Maintaining hemostasis during surgery. PMID- 6550085 TI - Anesthesia pillows: can they really make a difference!? PMID- 6550086 TI - Infection control. Disposal of hazardous waste: implications for nurses. PMID- 6550087 TI - Wrestling with diabetes. A guide to nursing management. PMID- 6550088 TI - Counseling patients on use of OTC diagnostic products. Part I: Testing the urine for glucose and ketones. PMID- 6550090 TI - Exercise your right to vote. PMID- 6550089 TI - Patient charting: the legal cornerstone of nursing. PMID- 6550091 TI - Counseling on use of OTC diagnostic products. Part II: Pregnancy testing (continuing education). PMID- 6550092 TI - A major step in minority recruitment. PMID- 6550093 TI - New cephalosporin antibiotics. PMID- 6550095 TI - Treating the disconfirmed psychiatric client. AB - Frequent disconfirmation behaviors have been documented in psychiatric clients. Individuals who demonstrate maladaptive patterns of disconfirmation can learn to understand and modify this dysfunctional sequence. Through one to one interactions and group discussions, psychiatric nurses can help clients learn more positive communication behaviors. This accomplishment will positively affect the client's interpersonal responsiveness and self-esteem. PMID- 6550094 TI - Nonverbal communication of patients and high and low empathy nurses. PMID- 6550096 TI - Transitional relatedness and engaging the regressed borderline client. PMID- 6550097 TI - Patterns of care for retarded children: case history illustrations in Europe, Israel and the United States of America. PMID- 6550098 TI - The challenge of the medical setting for the clinical specialist in psychiatric nursing. AB - The purpose of sharing these ideas about the role of the psychiatric clinical specialist in the medical setting has been threefold: first, to stimulate the interest of others by communicating the needs for and the value of such a role in improving health care; secondly, to convey the variety of potential opportunities available in the role; and third, to share some ideas about specific activities which can be pursued in such a role. The clinical specialist who chooses to work in the medical setting will discover opportunities to develop creativeness, to explore innovative ideas, and to utilize the variety of one's personal resources and past learning experiences. It affords one with opportunities to serve as a change agent, to influence the quality of patient care, and to stimulate the growth of other nurses. It allows for on-going contact and exchange with other professional groups comprising the health care team, and finally, it provides the nurses with a high level of autonomy and challenge in defining their own roles. PMID- 6550099 TI - Addicted women and their relationships with men. AB - The information for this descriptive study comes from Andersen's (1980) research funded through the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Although Andersen's questionnaires do not directly gather data about the relationship between the woman's drug use and her relationships with men, the authors were drawn to explore this area because of the large number of female drug users who described this connection. In reviewing the initial and termination data on 72 clients, it was found that 43% reported a variety of ways their usage was affected by men. These anecdotal descriptions provided by the female drug users are summarized under seven headings; some anecdotal notes are included in the text. The categories are not mutually exclusive. The findings reported in this article concur with the recent literature on drug dependent women. PMID- 6550101 TI - Social networks and the mental health caregiving system: implications for psychiatric nursing practice. PMID- 6550100 TI - Transcultural communication on depression with Chinese nurses and physicians. PMID- 6550102 TI - Administrative use of systems analysis to troubleshoot a problematic work situation. AB - The deinstitutionalized mentally ill continue to seek housing. The present private nursing home industry has sought to fill this population's needs by expanding their business endeavors to low cost residential facilities. The industry, of course, must seek a profit. These investors, however, lack a thorough understanding of the exact housing needs of the people from whom they seek their profits. Failure to establish a residence with a health stabilizing program sufficiently strong to mitigate the residents' health deficits produces a loss that is both financial and human. Many residential administrators are faced with trying to understand and remedy the situation in which they find themselves. The following case study illustrates this point and offers some administrative tools for assessing and communicating to investors the adjustments necessary in order to promote a profit from providing a residence for health impaired populations. PMID- 6550103 TI - Laser treatment of glaucoma. PMID- 6550104 TI - Laser treatment of chronic open angle glaucoma. PMID- 6550105 TI - The art of nursing a patient through the cataract experience. PMID- 6550107 TI - Perspective on contact lenses. PMID- 6550106 TI - Questions, answers and observations concerning establishing a satellite ophthalmic service: a commentary based on personal experience. PMID- 6550108 TI - External photography with the fundus camera. PMID- 6550109 TI - What's your impression? Inferior chiasmal compression. PMID- 6550110 TI - The role of the nurse specialist in the political arena. PMID- 6550112 TI - [Legal problems of in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 6550111 TI - [Implantation of the ovum fertilized in vitro and future problems related to the technic]. PMID- 6550113 TI - [Practical questions concerning in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 6550114 TI - [In vitro fertilization and the history of eugenics]. PMID- 6550115 TI - [A clerical view on in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 6550116 TI - [The origin of life and the problems of in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 6550117 TI - [The latest technology of in vitro fertilization in the United States]. PMID- 6550118 TI - [Nurse-midwifery education--a unique Canadian experience]. PMID- 6550119 TI - [Ideal delivery method for you: an experience with the Lamaze method]. PMID- 6550120 TI - [Assistance for a mother in her attempt at breast feeding for the first time on her third delivery]. PMID- 6550121 TI - [Lessons in research studies. 12. Epidemiological factors in human population]. PMID- 6550122 TI - [Breast stimulating CST]. PMID- 6550123 TI - [Status of the instruction for preparation of theses in the framework of nursing education]. PMID- 6550124 TI - [Current status of instruction in nursing research in nursing schools]. PMID- 6550125 TI - [Instruction in nursing research: for self-motivated, scientific research]. PMID- 6550126 TI - [Instruction in nursing research: for the development of an enquiring attitude]. PMID- 6550127 TI - [Research by instructors of junior nursing colleges]. PMID- 6550128 TI - [Instruction in nursing research: importance of interactions with students]. PMID- 6550129 TI - [Analysis of the questions of the national examination for nurses and a proposal for their improvement]. PMID- 6550130 TI - [Illustration of the primary resuscitation procedure]. PMID- 6550131 TI - [On nursing education. 7. "Man-to-man" relationship in nursing as well as in education]. PMID- 6550132 TI - [Search of educational humanity (1). A personal experience in education: students' viewpoint (1)]. PMID- 6550133 TI - [Nursing research and teaching]. PMID- 6550134 TI - [New developments in geriatric health care and public health nursing - activities based on more systematic approaches]. PMID- 6550135 TI - [Learning and practice: the importance of learning and practice in improvement of public health nursing. A discussion]. PMID- 6550136 TI - [Learning contribution to practice: impressions on the case studies series]. PMID- 6550137 TI - [Technics for survival: a story of a mother married to a paint thinner addict]. PMID- 6550138 TI - [Legislation for geriatric care and public health nursing maintained by municipal governments - opinions of public health nurses of municipalities of Kyoto]. PMID- 6550139 TI - [Survey on public health clinics of various cities. A report at a meeting of public health nurses employed by municipal governments]. PMID- 6550140 TI - Colposcopy. AB - Colposcopy has gained widespread acceptance in the United States only in the last ten years and today is considered standard practice for evaluating women with abnormal Pap smears. Colposcopy use has provided a less radical means of diagnosis and developed new ways of treating premalignant diseases of the cervix. Other uses of colposcopy include evaluation of cervical, vaginal, and vulvar lesions; monitoring gravidas with preinvasive disease of the cervix; and screening of DES-exposed women. In addition, colposcopy is used in conjunction with CO2 laser in selective treatment of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 6550141 TI - Caffeine and pregnancy outcome. AB - Caffeine is a drug which easily crosses the placental barrier and enters the fetal circulation. To date, most studies that demonstrate caffeine's teratogenic potential have been conducted in animal models. Although no definite relationship in humans has been confirmed, it is suggested that a pregnant woman should limit or discontinue her intake of caffeine. PMID- 6550142 TI - Use of Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment in planning care for parents and newborns. AB - Clinical descriptions of newborn behaviors in the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale can be used by the nurse in planning parent-infant care. Four clusters of behaviors--interactive processes, motoric processes, organizational processes of state control, and organizational processes of physiologic response to stress--have been delineated and infants can be rated as good, poor, or average in each cluster. Nursing interventions are described for both low-risk and high-risk parent-infant pairs. PMID- 6550143 TI - Self-care for the obstetrical patient. A nursing framework. AB - In using Orem's self-care framework, the nurse operates within a client-centered system which encourages the individual to be responsible for her own care. The philosophy changes from "I am here to take care of you" (maternalistic) to "I am here to assist you in taking care of yourself" (helping relationship). Even very ill or disabled persons (or their families) can be included in decision-making processes when actual self-care is not possible. Every effort must be made to have the individual's self-worth and dignity remain intact. Perhaps ultimately, credibility may be added to the words "health" and "care" in health-care delivery systems. PMID- 6550144 TI - Perceptions of single vs. partnered adult gravidas in the midtrimester. PMID- 6550145 TI - Parental goals and the birthing experience. AB - In order to assess the extent to which the obstetric care they were providing was oriented to the family's goals, health-care professionals at a midwestern university hospital planned and conducted an evaluation study of patient services. A mailed questionnaire survey of 91 families who used three family practice residency program model clinics for obstetric care focused on the goals, plans, and experiences that parents has regarding the labor, delivery, and postpartum periods. Parents reported wanting opportunities to be close to the infant immediately postpartum, more time with the infant in the recovery room, earlier rooming-in, more time spent with the infant at night for feeding, and sibling visitation as well as opportunities for siblings to hold the new infant. PMID- 6550146 TI - Estrogen replacement. PMID- 6550147 TI - Linking health screening to health education learning modules for elementary school students: a feasibility study. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop and assess an elementary health education curriculum based upon health screening procedures. A modular format was used which enables students to progress at a self-determined pace. Mastery of subject matter is insured, since progression to other modules is based upon satisfactory completion of preceding packets. A total of 60 fourth grade students from two classes were selected by a block randomization process to participate in the study. An experimental and control group were designated and pre-tested. The experimental group was subjected to the prototype curriculum, while the control group was exposed to the traditional health screening program routinely implemented in the district. Upon completion of their respective units, both groups were post-tested to assess gains in achievement. No significant (p less than .01) pre-test differences existed between each group of students. While both groups made gains in health knowledge on post-test scores, the experimental group scored significantly (p less than .01) higher than the control group. It appears the prototype curriculum is a more effective approach in teaching health than the traditional approach at this grade level. The authors suggest that this study be replicated on a larger scale and include the entire complement of modules. PMID- 6550148 TI - Effects of sibling death on teenagers. AB - This study reports the effects of sibling death on 33 adolescents from white, middle- to upper-middle income families. Contact was made through mutual support groups for bereaved parents. A focused interview was used to gather data on bereavement reactions and on self-concept. Bereavement reactions investigated included kinds of emotional responses, effects on sleeping and eating, frequency of thoughts about the deceased sibling, effects on school work, means of dealing with the death and interpersonal relationships. Self-concept perception investigated were perceptions of personal maturity, lessons learned from the death and the importance of religious beliefs. Eleven further measures of self concept were obtained by means of the "Offer Self-Image Questionnaire for Adolescents." By grouping responses into two time frames (before or a few weeks after the death and at the time of the interview), significant differences in reactions and perceptions were found among the participants. PMID- 6550149 TI - The health belief model: can it help us to understand contraceptive use among adolescents? PMID- 6550150 TI - Decision making and health education. PMID- 6550151 TI - Highlights of the 1982 ASHA continuing education survey. PMID- 6550152 TI - A national study of fluoride mouthrinse adoption: implications for school health personnel. AB - The ongoing adoption of school-based fluoride mouthrinse programs in the U.S. has provided the opportunity to study the issues surrounding the adoption and implementation of a health technology by public schools. Findings from a National Study on the Diffusion of Preventive Health Measures to Schools have been selected for analysis with regard to the role of school health personnel in the adoption and delivery of the service. A more visible role for school health personnel as on-site health experts is discussed, as well as the potential ways for increasing their involvement through facilitating initial program adoption, relaying accurate and up-to-date implementation information to decision-makers, developing a constituency for long-term program support and ensuring program accuracy through monitoring and continuing education. PMID- 6550153 TI - International students at an American university: health problems and status. AB - Eighty-eight international students enrolled at the University of Toledo were surveyed in order to ascertain their health care needs since arriving at the university. This study of the health status of international students indicated that the four leading problems experienced since arriving at the university were fatigue, homesickness, headaches and colds. Fatigue and colds were more commonly reported by students from Latin America than those from Asia or the Middle East. Both community health services and the university health service are not used by a majority of international students. Friends and the telephone book yellow pages are the most commonly used sources for finding a physician if one becomes sick. The drug store was indicated as being the place the international students would go for medicine if they became sick. The findings of this study suggest that international students must be oriented to the health services available in the community and at the university health service. A health education program needs to be conducted to inform these students about personal health practices and available services. PMID- 6550154 TI - Listen to what they're not saying. PMID- 6550155 TI - Of means and ends: a reply to an alternative theory for implementing quality school health education. PMID- 6550157 TI - [Myocardial infarct in the elderly]. PMID- 6550156 TI - [Arterial hypertension in old age]. PMID- 6550158 TI - [Acute cerebral circulatory disorders in the elderly]. PMID- 6550159 TI - [Drug therapy of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly]. PMID- 6550160 TI - [Vitamins in geriatric practice]. PMID- 6550161 TI - [New public health tasks]. PMID- 6550162 TI - [Diet therapy for elderly patients with hypertension]. PMID- 6550163 TI - [Aging of bone tissue]. PMID- 6550164 TI - [Use of hydrocortisone phonophoresis in treating postinjection infiltrates]. PMID- 6550165 TI - [Method of medical gymnastics in parkinsonism in the elderly]. PMID- 6550166 TI - [Geriatric offices in the system of the organization of social medical service for the elderly]. PMID- 6550167 TI - [Care of middle-aged and elderly patients in therapy departments]. PMID- 6550168 TI - [Characteristics of the care for orthopedic patients]. PMID- 6550169 TI - [Work organization of the nurses' council in the clinic of the Institute of Gerontology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR]. PMID- 6550170 TI - [Geriatrics--a new branch of clinical medicine]. PMID- 6550172 TI - Active birth. PMID- 6550171 TI - The family planning service. PMID- 6550173 TI - Possible avoidable factors in cot death. PMID- 6550174 TI - When your patients ask about homosexuality. PMID- 6550175 TI - Psychological issues in contraceptive sterilisation. PMID- 6550177 TI - Home monitoring in the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 6550176 TI - Paediatric hypertension. PMID- 6550178 TI - Law and the doctor: judgement or damnation? PMID- 6550179 TI - Marihuana: its medical effects and social implications. PMID- 6550180 TI - When patients ask awkward questions about IUCDs. PMID- 6550181 TI - Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 6550182 TI - "The Farm" community in Tennessee. PMID- 6550183 TI - Transmission from mother to infant of hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 6550184 TI - Unilateral twin tubal pregnancy in Uganda. PMID- 6550185 TI - Care in labour--the need for a midwifery policy. PMID- 6550186 TI - Some impressions of obstetrics and midwifery in the United States. PMID- 6550187 TI - Admission in labour: teaching the patient to be patient? PMID- 6550189 TI - Middle Eastern experience. PMID- 6550188 TI - Smoking in pregnancy--a 25-year survey. PMID- 6550191 TI - Registered nurses fifteen years after graduation: findings from the nurse career pattern study. PMID- 6550190 TI - The relationship between university missions, relevant professional practice, and policy formation: an illustration. PMID- 6550192 TI - Mentoring among nurses. PMID- 6550193 TI - University liability in program advisement. PMID- 6550194 TI - Organization commitment and job involvement of directors of nursing services. PMID- 6550195 TI - Helping nurses through the management threshold. PMID- 6550196 TI - On the scene: Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami. Taking the first steps to become a nurse manager. PMID- 6550197 TI - On the scene: Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami. Nurse managers and Mickey Mouse marketing. PMID- 6550198 TI - On the scene: Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami. Power at the unit level. PMID- 6550199 TI - On the scene: Mount Sinai Medical Center of Greater Miami. Managerial stress. PMID- 6550200 TI - Job sharing in the head nurse role--decreasing stress. PMID- 6550201 TI - The anatomy of an organization. PMID- 6550202 TI - Dispelling illusions with management development. PMID- 6550203 TI - The family health nurse in a leadership role. PMID- 6550204 TI - A systems approach to prioritizing. PMID- 6550205 TI - Motivating staff to participate in decision making. PMID- 6550206 TI - Decentralization of nursing service management and its impact on job satisfaction. PMID- 6550208 TI - Creativity and challenges for nurse researchers in this economic recession. PMID- 6550209 TI - Fostering professional nursing careers in hospitals: the role of staff development, Part 2. PMID- 6550207 TI - Management training won't work...unless nursing administration provides it. PMID- 6550210 TI - Harmonizing self-directed and teacher-directed approaches to learning. PMID- 6550211 TI - Academic tenure: a reexamination for the eighties. PMID- 6550212 TI - Diminishing faculty liability. PMID- 6550213 TI - The staff educator as process consultant. PMID- 6550214 TI - Promoting positive attitudes among the caregivers of the elderly. PMID- 6550215 TI - Resolving an incident of academic dishonesty: plagiarism. PMID- 6550216 TI - Sharing: after Tony. PMID- 6550217 TI - Make the most of your charting time. PMID- 6550218 TI - Limbering up your neurovascular assessment technique. PMID- 6550220 TI - Simple goiter. PMID- 6550219 TI - Hypoglycemia: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6550221 TI - Coping with diabetes. PMID- 6550222 TI - Tips for taking a child's blood pressure quickly. PMID- 6550224 TI - Deciphering diagnostic studies. Complement assays. PMID- 6550223 TI - Emma needed more than standard teaching. PMID- 6550225 TI - Medication errors. Look up an unfamiliar drug before administering it. PMID- 6550227 TI - Stripping chest tubes. PMID- 6550226 TI - Test your knowledge of patient care. State board review questions. PMID- 6550228 TI - Turning negative behavior around (continuing education). PMID- 6550229 TI - Preventing lawsuits. Medication errors to avoid. PMID- 6550230 TI - The most difficult person I've ever had to work with. "I knew more than Ardie but she was my supervisor". PMID- 6550231 TI - Flexible scheduling. PMID- 6550232 TI - Another scheduling alternative: bonus leave time. PMID- 6550233 TI - When you're feeling sick... PMID- 6550234 TI - Surviving tax time. PMID- 6550236 TI - Charting: some pointers for doing it better. PMID- 6550235 TI - A Nursing Life poll report on ethics. How ethical are you? Part 2. PMID- 6550237 TI - Court case: who's responsible here? PMID- 6550238 TI - Hypothermia: protecting the elderly. PMID- 6550239 TI - A pioneering hospital in Jedday. PMID- 6550241 TI - Middle East is favourite. PMID- 6550240 TI - The lamp in the desert. PMID- 6550242 TI - Focus on drugs. PMID- 6550243 TI - The nursing process - a realistic approach. PMID- 6550244 TI - Prophylactic use of Op-Site on pressure areas. PMID- 6550245 TI - Democracy in nursing. PMID- 6550246 TI - The management of clinical specialities: a special burns unit. PMID- 6550247 TI - The nursing diagnosis movement and the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6550248 TI - A study of the impact of continuing education on occupational health nursing practice. PMID- 6550249 TI - The occupational health nurse as a health educator. PMID- 6550250 TI - Needs assessment syndrome. PMID- 6550251 TI - Burn recovery: transition to full employment. PMID- 6550252 TI - AMA spearheads national effort to prevent prescription drug abuse. PMID- 6550253 TI - A descriptive study of the scope of practice of occupational health nurses in one nurse units. PMID- 6550255 TI - What does COHN (certified occupational health nurse) mean? PMID- 6550254 TI - The role of the occupational health nurse in sexual counseling. PMID- 6550256 TI - Occupational health nursing: a model for practice. PMID- 6550257 TI - AMA drug information for patients. PMID- 6550258 TI - Toward collaborative health care practice: a nursing view. PMID- 6550260 TI - Future in the balance. PMID- 6550259 TI - Systems of life No 97. Systems and signs: locomotor systems. 3. Spine and hip. PMID- 6550261 TI - Other people syndrome. PMID- 6550262 TI - Are you in the PINC? Distorted images. PMID- 6550263 TI - Accountability: professional responsibility. PMID- 6550264 TI - Nursing care study: a baby with liver disease--cause unknown. PMID- 6550265 TI - Day care for cancer patients. PMID- 6550266 TI - The nursing process in the operating theatre. PMID- 6550267 TI - A flow of good ideas. PMID- 6550268 TI - The emergence of nursing leaders--a case of in spite of, not because of. PMID- 6550269 TI - PINC: male takeover or female giveaway? PMID- 6550270 TI - Burford: a model for the future? PMID- 6550271 TI - Nursing care study: parasuicide, crisis intervention and family therapy. PMID- 6550272 TI - The changing face of district nursing. PMID- 6550273 TI - The practical work teacher in district nurse training. PMID- 6550274 TI - The pitfalls of implementing the nursing process. PMID- 6550275 TI - Health and safety snakes and ladders. PMID- 6550277 TI - Death of a baby. PMID- 6550276 TI - Brussels diary. PMID- 6550278 TI - The role of metals in cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6550279 TI - Platt in perspective. PMID- 6550280 TI - Mental health nursing. PMID- 6550281 TI - Mental health nursing: the PNA is here to stay. PMID- 6550282 TI - Mental health nursing: St Vincent meets St Nicholas. PMID- 6550283 TI - Mental health nursing: the future of the mental hospital. PMID- 6550284 TI - The Altnagelvin principle. PMID- 6550285 TI - The dependent nurse. PMID- 6550286 TI - Burford: a model for nursing. Individual care in action. PMID- 6550288 TI - Unusual syndromes of child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6550287 TI - Breakdown: commonsense psychiatry for nurses. 4. Psychogeriatric disorders. PMID- 6550289 TI - Primary nursing in psychiatry. PMID- 6550290 TI - Nursing care study: Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 6550291 TI - Nursing organisation and the question of 'counselling'. PMID- 6550292 TI - Counselling organisations: trust or conspiracy? PMID- 6550294 TI - Me and my ward. PMID- 6550293 TI - Humanitarian or hamfisted? PMID- 6550295 TI - Nursing care study: a quiet confidence. PMID- 6550296 TI - Letters to my nursing officer. 1. On her enthusiasm and humanity. PMID- 6550297 TI - Management case study: a problem of staff attitudes. PMID- 6550299 TI - POP. PMID- 6550298 TI - Nurse Smith's notes. Understanding drug treatment 6. Antibiotics 3. PMID- 6550300 TI - Can nurses diagnose? PMID- 6550301 TI - This lady's not for turning. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6550302 TI - The human factor. PMID- 6550303 TI - Incontinence in patients in two district general hospitals. PMID- 6550305 TI - Promoting continence. PMID- 6550304 TI - Incontinence: advising the nurse. PMID- 6550306 TI - Letters to my nursing officer. Two. On her staff care. PMID- 6550307 TI - Burford: a model for nursing. QUALPACS at Burford. PMID- 6550308 TI - Systems of Life. No 98. Systems and signs: locomotor systems. 4. Lower limb. PMID- 6550309 TI - Japan: child health. PMID- 6550310 TI - Nigeria: child health. PMID- 6550311 TI - A flying squad comes of age. PMID- 6550313 TI - Treating the individual. PMID- 6550312 TI - The roaring deafness. PMID- 6550314 TI - The other side of the counter. PMID- 6550315 TI - Keep fit: the unforseen hazards of jogging. PMID- 6550316 TI - Antenatal clinics. 8. Growing in confidence. PMID- 6550317 TI - Community psychiatry: calm amid the storm. PMID- 6550318 TI - Community forum. 1. Family planning. Boy or girl--is it possible to choose? PMID- 6550320 TI - Nursing overseas: entering the Third World. PMID- 6550321 TI - Computers. 1. We have the technology. PMID- 6550319 TI - Community forum. 1. Family planning. Palaces of advice. PMID- 6550322 TI - Management: a case for a new training. PMID- 6550323 TI - Care of the dying: facing death. PMID- 6550324 TI - Law: the price of failure. PMID- 6550325 TI - Monitoring. 1. A measure of success. PMID- 6550326 TI - Nursing care study: a rapid road to dependency. PMID- 6550327 TI - You have to be ill to get better. PMID- 6550328 TI - Anxiety and the volunteer. PMID- 6550329 TI - The nurse for the job. PMID- 6550330 TI - Careers: nursing bowel disease. PMID- 6550333 TI - Soviet study trip. 1. Back in the USSR. PMID- 6550334 TI - Ethics: why is health so valuable? PMID- 6550335 TI - Paediatric nursing: happy families. PMID- 6550338 TI - Clinical forum. 1. Postabortion counselling. PMID- 6550339 TI - Nursing degree at Cardiff: a marriage of disciplines. Interview by Tamara Ross. PMID- 6550344 TI - Law: the right decision? PMID- 6550341 TI - Sister's page: enigma or expert? PMID- 6550345 TI - Nursing care study: a lump in the throat. PMID- 6550347 TI - Careers: venereology nursing. PMID- 6550348 TI - Mental health forum. 2. Approaches to care. PMID- 6550349 TI - Mental health forum. 2. Approaches to care: a supportive role. PMID- 6550350 TI - Mental health forum. 2. Approaches to care: assessment unit for the elderly. PMID- 6550352 TI - Mental health forum 2. Approaches to care: reactions to psychiatric secondment. PMID- 6550351 TI - Mental health forum. 2. Approaches to care: behavioral disturbances in an adolescent. PMID- 6550354 TI - Practice makes perfect. PMID- 6550353 TI - ECT: whose interests come first? PMID- 6550355 TI - Why do we fail them? PMID- 6550357 TI - Education: think before you ink. PMID- 6550356 TI - Mental handicap: building blocks for a better life. PMID- 6550358 TI - Away with the velvet jacket brigade! PMID- 6550359 TI - Education: the right choice. PMID- 6550360 TI - Soviet study trip. 2. A tale of two cities. PMID- 6550361 TI - Law: inexperience is no excuse. PMID- 6550363 TI - The art of communication. PMID- 6550362 TI - Monitoring. 3. The money problem. PMID- 6550364 TI - Nursing care study: shedding a skin problem. PMID- 6550365 TI - Medical nursing. PMID- 6550366 TI - Nursing mirror midwifery forum. 2. Breast-feeding. PMID- 6550367 TI - Patients know best. PMID- 6550369 TI - Soviet study trip. 3. Hello, goodbye. PMID- 6550368 TI - Education: beware the pitfalls. PMID- 6550370 TI - Nursing process: activities of living. PMID- 6550371 TI - Nursing process: where the lights are not dim. PMID- 6550372 TI - Let's learn to work with each other. PMID- 6550374 TI - Psychology. 1. With skills in mind. PMID- 6550373 TI - Shape up for health education. PMID- 6550375 TI - Negligence liability. PMID- 6550376 TI - Management: the search for greater efficiency. PMID- 6550377 TI - Nursing care study. Coping without alcohol. PMID- 6550378 TI - When law and ethics meet. PMID- 6550379 TI - Educating Rita. PMID- 6550380 TI - Neurology without fears. PMID- 6550381 TI - A breath of Fife air. PMID- 6550382 TI - A degree of choice. PMID- 6550383 TI - Dreaming of democracy. PMID- 6550384 TI - Ethics. Is there a right to be unhealthy? PMID- 6550385 TI - What is education, anyway? PMID- 6550386 TI - Law: reasonable standards. PMID- 6550387 TI - Psychology. 3. Scope in psychiatry. PMID- 6550388 TI - Biochemistry. 1. Paracetamol - friend or foe? PMID- 6550389 TI - An inbuilt tragedy. PMID- 6550390 TI - Gordon = world number one. PMID- 6550391 TI - Nursing care study: cardiac surgery on a neonate. PMID- 6550392 TI - Professionalism and accountability. PMID- 6550393 TI - Occupational therapy nursing. PMID- 6550394 TI - Nursing care of the patient with external fixation therapy. PMID- 6550395 TI - Muscle flaps for chronic osteomyelitis of the lower extremity. PMID- 6550396 TI - Bleeding beneath postoperative plaster casts. PMID- 6550397 TI - A review of genetics in orthopaedics. PMID- 6550398 TI - Contralateral ice massage during bone marrow aspiration. PMID- 6550399 TI - Communications: doctors-nurse-patient triangle. PMID- 6550400 TI - Nurse liability insurance: lawsuits and payment. Case in point: ANA et als v. Passaic General Hosp. et als (445 A. 2d 448 - N.J.). PMID- 6550401 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. AL: anesthesia: CRNA negligent; fatality; AR: CRNA anesthesia: equipment malfunctions. PMID- 6550402 TI - Communication and counseling: modern nursing roles. PMID- 6550403 TI - Nurses' religious practices in hosp. employment: legalities. Case in point: Murphy v. Edge Memorial Hospital (550 F. Supp. 1185 - AL). PMID- 6550405 TI - Initial views on pay review body. PMID- 6550406 TI - Major implications for care of elderly mentally ill. In depth report on the rising tide. PMID- 6550404 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. IN: wheelchair mishap: broken hip. LA: office nurse alleged negligent. PMID- 6550407 TI - A view on the continuing care of the elderly: the right of choice. PMID- 6550408 TI - Fears about confidentiality. PMID- 6550409 TI - Rcn prompts authority to rethink: change of mind saves students. PMID- 6550410 TI - Thinking about health visiting. PMID- 6550411 TI - A question of survival. PMID- 6550412 TI - Fowler denies demise of NHS. PMID- 6550413 TI - Accountability of staff for students. PMID- 6550414 TI - A question of survival, January 28-30, The University of Stirling. PMID- 6550415 TI - Simulation games used in schools. PMID- 6550416 TI - Conference told of imminent announcement: pilot schemes for nurse development. PMID- 6550417 TI - How our computer cut turnover in half--and saved major dollars in the bargain. PMID- 6550418 TI - Sexual side effects. What to tell your patients, what not to say. PMID- 6550419 TI - Refining your assessment techniques. PMID- 6550420 TI - Professional status. Who's got it? What is it? PMID- 6550421 TI - Could this be a 'stretchmark'? PMID- 6550422 TI - Diabetes today. Insuring a safe pregnancy for your diabetic patient. PMID- 6550423 TI - Renal trauma. A challenging assessment, a cause for cautious care (continuing education). PMID- 6550424 TI - Quick reminders on pulmonary function tests...and terminology. PMID- 6550425 TI - A.I.D.S.: could you be at risk? PMID- 6550426 TI - Legally speaking: your team might call it 'fudging'. PMID- 6550427 TI - Two very different views of nursing re-entry. PMID- 6550428 TI - How 'coalitions' are changing hospital care. PMID- 6550430 TI - The main chance. PMID- 6550429 TI - The patient I didn't believe. PMID- 6550431 TI - The riddle of abdominal trauma: how much damage.. and where? PMID- 6550432 TI - A new use for Hollihesive. PMID- 6550433 TI - Would you recognize this dangerous electrolyte imbalance? PMID- 6550434 TI - Diabetes today. When hyperglycemia goes critical (continuing education). PMID- 6550435 TI - Sexual side effects, Part 2. How drugs can change fertility. PMID- 6550436 TI - ABGs: taking the sample interpreting the results. PMID- 6550437 TI - PRN analgesics: controlling the pain or controlling the patient? PMID- 6550438 TI - Legally speaking. When patients' questions put you on the spot. PMID- 6550439 TI - Nurses as politicians? PMID- 6550440 TI - Larry Grossman - man for the future. PMID- 6550441 TI - Total joint revision surgery: a nursing challenge. PMID- 6550442 TI - Interview: Patt Brantley. PMID- 6550443 TI - Legal notes: consider a patent. PMID- 6550444 TI - A child's miracle. PMID- 6550445 TI - An overview of arthroscopy. PMID- 6550446 TI - Finders keepers or: weathering the nursing shortage. PMID- 6550447 TI - Program for success: is writing the key to advancement? PMID- 6550448 TI - Interview: Diane Ramy Faulconer. PMID- 6550449 TI - An OR nurse manages and under water too!. Interview by Judith Banda Paquet. PMID- 6550450 TI - Nursing management. PMID- 6550452 TI - Making it in management. PMID- 6550451 TI - Unaccustomed as I am to public speaking. PMID- 6550453 TI - Power and the lobby. PMID- 6550454 TI - A new registered nurses act: the reasons and the process. PMID- 6550456 TI - Parent-infant interaction: putting theory into nursing practice. PMID- 6550455 TI - Hey nurse! PMID- 6550457 TI - Segmental localization of kallikrein-like pro-phe-arg-naphthylester esterase in the rat nephron. AB - A synthetic substrate for kallikrein, pro-phe-arg-naphthylester, was used in order to identify histochemically kallikrein-like enzyme-containing segments of the nephron in the rat kidney. The localization was technically facilitated by comparing sections histochemically incubated with neighbouring freeze-dried sections and by semiquantitative evaluation of the enzyme activity performed. In the proximal tubules, the enzyme activity increased from the first segment to the third segment which exhibited the most pronounced activity encountered. In the proximal convoluted tubules the enzyme activity was present mainly in the deep half of the cortex. This was generally weaker in the other segments of the nephron where enzyme activity was present. In the descending thin limb of Henle, weak activity was noticed in a few initial segments. However, in the ascending thick limb of Henle, more pronounced enzyme activity was shown. In the macula densa, the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct, very weak activity was observed in a few segments. Below the demarcation between the outer stripe and the inner stripe of the medulla, no enzyme activity was noticed. This is the first description of the exact tubular localizations of kallikrein-like enzyme activity in the nephron. PMID- 6550458 TI - Variations in kallikrein-like esterase activity in different segments of the rat nephron during salt-load and salt-depletion. AB - Histochemical changes in kallikrein-like activity in the rat nephron induced by chronic salt-load or salt-depletion were investigated semiquantitatively, using a synthetic substrate for kallikrein, pro-phe-arg-naphthylester. The location of the changes in the different segments of the nephron was established by comparison with neighbouring freeze-dried sections, where the various structures of the tubular segments were identified. The enzyme activity was graded semiquantitatively and the percentage of tubular segments possessing enzyme activity was recorded. In salt-loaded rats, the enzyme activity in the deep half of the renal cortex was decreased in the first and second segments of the proximal tubule as well as in the third segment in the cortex. In salt-depleted rats, the enzyme activity in the deep half of the renal cortex was also decreased in the first segment of the proximal tubule as well as in the third segment in the cortex. In contrast, the enzyme activity in the second segment of the proximal tubule was increased in the superficial cortex as well as in the deep cortex. Furthermore, in the salt-depleted rats the enzyme activity was decreased in the cortical part of the ascending thick limb of Henle, but increased in the medullary part. In the superficial part of the cortex, the enzyme activity was decreased in the distal convoluted tubule. In the kidneys from both salt-loaded and salt-depleted rats, the differences in enzyme activity between zones--such as found in the normal kidney--disappeared in the case of the first and second segments of the proximal tubule. However, in the other segments of the nephron, the zonal differences were preserved in both experimental conditions. PMID- 6550459 TI - A new (old) prescription for nursing. PMID- 6550460 TI - Calcium channel blockers. New treatment for cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6550461 TI - Nursing in China. Three perspectives. Herbs and acupuncture? Yes, but also an ICU, psychotropic drugs--and a nursing shortage. PMID- 6550462 TI - Nursing in China: 3 perspectives. Educators lament that students sometimes regard nursing as a stepping stone to another career. PMID- 6550463 TI - Nursing in China: 3 perspectives. Psychiatric diagnoses range from depression and violence to social and sexual nonconformity. PMID- 6550464 TI - Irregular bleeding in women: causes and nursing intervention. PMID- 6550465 TI - The "violent" patient. PMID- 6550466 TI - Jaundice. PMID- 6550467 TI - Sexuality and the female ostomate. Patient-to-patient advice. PMID- 6550468 TI - Assertiveness in nursing: part I. PMID- 6550469 TI - Nurses study effects of cuts on access to prenatal care. PMID- 6550470 TI - IOM report supports education funding. PMID- 6550471 TI - Research on patients needed to dispel nursing myths. PMID- 6550472 TI - State reps describe important issues facing nursing. PMID- 6550473 TI - IOM report offers 21 recommendations for nursing. PMID- 6550474 TI - Massachusetts Governor sued for bargaining interference. PMID- 6550475 TI - NPs appeal unauthorized practice ruling. PMID- 6550476 TI - Nursing Centers Bill lets us show what we can do. PMID- 6550477 TI - States start assistance programs for impaired nurses. PMID- 6550478 TI - The presence of neutrophil elastase and evidence of oxidation activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6550479 TI - Neutrophils in normal lungs. PMID- 6550480 TI - The effect of elastase-induced emphysema on diaphragmatic muscle structure in hamsters. PMID- 6550481 TI - Penicillin-resistant pneumococcus and meningitis. PMID- 6550482 TI - Therapy of staphylococcal infections with cefamandole or vancomycin alone or with a combination of cefamandole and tobramycin. AB - Eighty adult patients with microbiologically demonstrated staphylococcal infections were included in a comparative trial of cefamandole and cefamandole plus tobramycin. Patients with cefamandole-resistant pathogens were treated with vancomycin, if the initial therapy consisted of cefamandole, but were continued on cefamandole plus tobramycin if already started on that combination. Of the patients infected with cefamandole-susceptible strains, 91% (20/22) responded favorably to treatment with cefamandole alone, and 88% (30/34) responded favorably to cefamandole plus tobramycin. Of the patients infected with cefamandole-resistant staphylococci, 70% (7/10) responded to treatment with cefamandole plus tobramycin, and 86% (12/14) responded to treatment with vancomycin, even though vancomycin therapy was started 24 to 48 h later than cefamandole-plus-tobramycin therapy. No major side effects were observed; however, cefamandole plus tobramycin was associated with a rise in the serum creatinine level in 11% (4/44) of the patients. The bactericidal activity of the serum in cefamandole-treated patients and in cefamandole-plus-tobramycin-treated patients was identical against cefamandole-susceptible strains. Against cefamandole-resistant strains, 87% of the vancomycin-containing sera were bactericidal at a dilution of 1:8, whereas only 57% of the cefamandole-plus tobramycin-containing sera were active at that dilution. PMID- 6550483 TI - Training or education? Nursing educator 'frags' profession. PMID- 6550484 TI - The impact of preoperative assessment on intraoperative nurse performance. AB - A study was undertaken to test the feasibility and effectiveness of preoperative assessment by operating room nurses. The study addressed whether preoperative assessments influenced the circulator's intraoperative nursing care, what side benefits accrued, and what problems were generated. Nurse performance was evaluated in 100 cases. Although nurses who had performed preoperative assessments had higher total scores and mean, the difference was not statistically significant. Preoperative assessments could not be justified on the basis of improved circulator performance due to prior knowledge of the patient. PMID- 6550485 TI - In the shadow of Everest. PMID- 6550486 TI - Writing learner objectives: a teaching plan for emergency procedures. PMID- 6550487 TI - Proposed recommended practices for surgical scrubs. Recommended Practices Subcommittee, AORN. PMID- 6550488 TI - Evaluation a critical but neglected step in education design. PMID- 6550489 TI - Medical students and OR nurses: friends or foes? PMID- 6550490 TI - Replacing a human heart. PMID- 6550491 TI - Coping with anxiety about patient interviews. PMID- 6550492 TI - Microscopic tubal reversal. PMID- 6550493 TI - Nursing plan for abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 6550494 TI - Selecting the best evaluation method for OR education. PMID- 6550495 TI - AORN recommended practices. PMID- 6550496 TI - [Physiopathology of arterial hypertension. The kallikrein-kinin-prostaglandin system]. PMID- 6550497 TI - A 12 S precursor to 5.8 S rRNA associated with rat liver nucleolar 28 S rRNA. AB - The pre-rRNA and rRNA components of rat and mouse liver nucleolar RNA were analysed. It was shown that upon denaturation, part of the 32 S pre-rRNA is converted into 28 S rRNA and 12 S RNA. The 12 S RNA from mouse (Mr, 0.36 X 10(6)) is larger than the one from rat (Mr, 0.32 X 10(6). The 12 S RNA chain is intact and resists denaturation treatment. The non-covalent binding of this RNA with nucleolar 28 S rRNA is stronger than that of 5.8 S rRNA with 28 S rRNA. Hybridization with a rat internal-transcribed spacer rDNA fragment identifies 12 S RNA as corresponding to the 5'-end non-conserved segment of 32 S pre-rRNA, including 5.8 S rRNA. The significance of the formation of a 12 S precursor to 5.8 S rRNA in the biogenesis of ribosomes in mammalian cells is discussed. PMID- 6550498 TI - Identification of elastases associated with purified plasma membranes isolated from human monocytes and lymphocytes. AB - Studies were carried out to understand the pathogenesis of amyloid formation and to localize the elastase-like enzymes postulated to be associated with the surface of human peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes. These enzymes are known to degrade serum amyloid A and amyloid A proteins. Pure plasma membrane preparations were obtained by allowing cells to attach to polyacrylamide beads, followed by their disruption. The purity of the membranes was monitored by electron microscopy and enzyme determinations. The extracted membrane enzymes which have molecular weights of 56000 and 30000, respectively, were inhibited by DFP, MeO-Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-CH2Cl, Ac-Pro-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl . HCl, and elastinal but were not inhibited by EDTA or epsilon-amino caproic acid, thus exhibiting the properties of elastases. These enzymes cleave serum amyloid A to amyloid protein A. In some individuals, cleavage stops at this point, while in others a second step occurs, resulting in complete protein degradation. This activity was comparable whether monocyte or lymphocyte plasma membranes were employed. Since lymphocyte dependent cytotoxicity has also been attributed to surface proteases, it is likely that a spectrum of membrane associated enzymes mediate important physiologic function of these mononuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6550499 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a D-like fragment from human fibrinogen, produced by human leukocyte elastase. AB - Digestion of human fibrinogen with human leukocyte elastase in the presence of Ca2+ yields a D-like fragment of Mr 93000. This fragment was purified by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 followed by chromatofocusing. The purified fragment was partially characterized and compared with a fragment termed D-cate, which is produced by plasmin digestion of fibrinogen in the presence of Ca2+. The molecular weights of the constituent chains of the D-like fragment and D-cate were similar. The D-like fragment precipitated with antisera directed against D cate, but not with antisera against fragment E. The name D-elastase for the fragment is suggested. Differences between the D-elastase and D-cate fragments were found in amino-terminal amino acids, in isoelectric point and in the expression of D antigenic determinants. Two major functional differences were demonstrated: fragment D-elastase had a much stronger anticlotting potency than D cate and the binding of Ca2+ by D-elastase and D-cate differed qualitatively and quantitatively. Since it has been suggested that the calcium-binding and anticlotting properties of D-cate are related to a carboxyl-terminal 13000 stretch of the gamma-chain, the present findings for D-elastase indicate that the differences in these properties between D-cate and D-elastase are due to differences in this area of the molecule. PMID- 6550500 TI - [Bradykinin, thrombin and prostaglandins as modulators of microthrombogenesis in local injury of the blood vessel wall]. AB - The microthrombogenesis parameters were studied after local laser injury to the rat mesenterial venule in the presence of infusion of bradykinin (20 micrograms/kg/min) and thrombin (10 Units/kg/min). Bradykinin diminished and thrombin, on the contrary, increased the hemostasis parameters, this effect being observed only during the first minutes after the drug infusion. Activation of the blood kallikrein-kinin system preceded the action of thrombin. It is suggested that apart from prostaglandins, the component of the Hageman factor system may play an important role in the control of microhemostasis in the injured vascular wall. PMID- 6550501 TI - [The role of the lymphatic system in the mechanism of mediator action during immediate allergy]. AB - Experiments were made on dogs to study principal components of the kallikrein kinin system and the content of biogenic amines (histamine and serotonin) in the lymph of the thoracic duct and peripheral blood during sensitization and anaphylactic shock. In anaphylactic shock, the changes in the content of biologically active substances occurred in the lymph earlier and were more pronounced than in the peripheral blood. This indicates an important role of the lymphatic system in transport of biologically active substances from organs and tissues to general circulation. PMID- 6550502 TI - Personal involvement with critically ill patients. PMID- 6550503 TI - Where is the nursing in skilled nursing facility? PMID- 6550504 TI - Your television "bill of rights". PMID- 6550505 TI - Chemical dependency: looking after the nurse. PMID- 6550506 TI - Less money for health care--the impact on nursing. PMID- 6550507 TI - Hospital for Sick Children hang tough. PMID- 6550508 TI - Antismoking counseling, an important part of cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 6550509 TI - Recognizing and treating heat stroke and exhaustion in the road runner. PMID- 6550510 TI - Helping your adolescent client become more physically fit. PMID- 6550511 TI - Lifestyle changes are our business. PMID- 6550512 TI - Drumming and dancing: a new rhythm in nursing care. PMID- 6550513 TI - Step-by-step massage techniques. PMID- 6550514 TI - Nursing grand rounds: toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6550515 TI - Psychiatric nurse consultant. PMID- 6550516 TI - You and the law: a case of postoperative infection. PMID- 6550517 TI - What's happening. Getting our act together. PMID- 6550518 TI - Viewpoint: the cancer patient. PMID- 6550519 TI - Variables which predict burnout experienced by oncology clinical nurse specialists. PMID- 6550520 TI - Prophylactic antiemetics for chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6550521 TI - Therapeutic use of noninvestigational marijuana in cancer care. PMID- 6550522 TI - Criminal prosecution for discontinuance of life support--Part I. PMID- 6550523 TI - Right ventricular infarction. PMID- 6550524 TI - Human beta-globin pre-mRNA synthesized in vitro is accurately spliced in Xenopus oocyte nuclei. AB - To study the mechanisms of RNA splicing we have synthesized beta-globin mRNA precursors by in vitro transcription using a plasmid in which a human beta-globin gene is fused to an efficient bacteriophage promoter. The structural requirements for accurate splicing of the in vitro synthesized pre-mRNAs were investigated by injection into Xenopus oocyte nuclei. We detect splicing only if the pre-mRNA is capped in vitro prior to injection; uncapped RNA is rapidly degraded. In addition, we find that in vitro synthesized pre-mRNAs that are not polyadenylated or lack a normal 3' end are spliced following injection into oocytes. The observation that a purified pre-mRNA can be spliced in oocytes indicates that transcription and splicing are not obligatorily coupled. When an in vitro synthesized beta-globin pre-mRNA containing a splice junction mutation is microinjected, the affected junction is not spliced, indicating that sequences necessary for accurate splicing in human cells are also necessary for splicing in oocytes. PMID- 6550525 TI - School nurse--team member? PMID- 6550527 TI - Tomorrow's health visitor. PMID- 6550526 TI - Health education. Women's day. PMID- 6550528 TI - The not-so-happy young mother: today's mother. PMID- 6550529 TI - The not-so-happy young mother: baby's fine - but what about me? PMID- 6550530 TI - The not-so-happy young mother: the post-natal support group. PMID- 6550531 TI - What if there were no ANA/CNA? PMID- 6550532 TI - A kininogenase resembling glandular kallikrein in the rat pituitary pars intermedia. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and characteristics of kinin-generating proteases (kininogenases) in rat pituitary tissue. Male rat pituitaries were dissected into their various lobes, sonicated in saline containing 12 mM deoxycholic acid, and assayed for protease activity at pH 8.5 using kininogen and chromogenic peptide substrates; kinin generation was measured by RIA. The rat pituitary was found to contain kininogenase activity highly concentrated in the pars intermedia; this activity was strongly inhibited by aprotinin and was resistant to soybean trypsin inhibitor. Antiserum against rat urinary kallikrein also inhibited the intermediate pituitary kininogenase. The kininogenase product was identified as bradykinin by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Homogenization of neurointermediate pituitaries in 0.25 M sucrose buffer (pH 7.5) followed by differential centrifugation (1,000 X g, 5 min; 10,000 X g, 20 min; 105,000 X g, 70 min) demonstrated that most of the kininogenase activity was in the 10,000 X g pellet. Kinin generation by neurointermediate pituitary extracts had a pH optimum of 8.0, and such extracts also hydrolyzed chromogenic peptide substrates for kallikreins. In addition, neurointermediate pituitary extracts were found to contain a distinct protease which hydrolyzed a chromogenic peptide substrate for thrombin. The intermediate pituitary kininogenase resembles glandular kallikrein and possibly may participate in prohormone processing. PMID- 6550533 TI - The roles of sugar phosphates and thiol-reducing systems in the control of reticulocyte protein synthesis. PMID- 6550534 TI - Inhibition of the ureteral contractions induced by rat urine with kallikrein antibodies. AB - Purified urinary kallikrein induces contractions of the rat ureter in vitro. Antibodies against kallikrein block the contractile response of the isolated ureter to rat urine. PMID- 6550535 TI - New low-molecular inhibitors of pancreatic elastase with possible in vivo application: alkylamides of N-acylated tripeptides. AB - Out of a series of alkylamides of N-acylated tripeptides, Glt-(Ala)2-Pro-NH-Et and Glt-(Ala)3-NH-Pr were found to be potent inhibitors of porcine and human pancreatic elastase, and because they are free of toxic groups they might be considered for in vivo application. PMID- 6550536 TI - Effect of elongation factor Tu on the conformation of phenylalanyl-tRNAPhe. AB - Structural features of the tRNAPhe molecule upon ternary complex formation with the bacterial elongation factor Tu were investigated. Phosphodiester bonds at positions 18 and 34 were found to be labilized in bound tRNA. Conversely, a higher stability of the phosphodiester links at positions 20, 21 and 36 was detected. Using ethylnitrosourea as a chemical probe a conformational change occurring at phosphate position 53 was observed in complexed tRNA. These results are interpreted by a structural rearrangement of the nucleic acid induced by complex formation. PMID- 6550537 TI - [Histamine and the kallikrein-kinin system in pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6550538 TI - A day in the life of a medical-surgical nurse. PMID- 6550539 TI - A day in the life of director of nursing services in a life-care retirement community. PMID- 6550540 TI - Effects of thyroidectomy on heart and liver rat tRNAs: study of chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour. AB - Modifications of tRNAs in various physiological or experimental conditions are well documented. We have compared isoacceptor tRNAs extracted from target organs (heart and liver) from thyroidectomized rats to those of control animals. Nine liver aminoacyl-tRNAs and eight heart aminoacyl-tRNAs from thyroidectomized and control rats were analysed by RPC-5 chromatography. Quantitative differences were demonstrated in the relative proportions of the various liver tRNA isoacceptors for glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and serine and of the heart isoacceptor tRNAs for glycine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and valine. A qualitative variation was noted only for tRNATyr from the heart and liver of thyroidectomized rats. Isoacceptor tRNAs were obtained at a high resolution using a two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoacceptor tRNAs corresponding to 14 amino acids for the liver and 12 amino acids for the heart were identified. Although for most of the tRNAs examined the number of isoacceptors remained unchanged, the number of spots corresponding to tRNAGlu and tRNAHis from the liver and tRNAAla from the heart was different after thyroidectomy. Furthermore the change in electrophoretic behaviour of tRNATyr from the liver of thyroidectomized rats suggests a structural modification of one of the isoacceptors in relation to the change in thyroid status. Thus, thyroid hormones appear to induce some modification of the isoacceptor tRNAs in their target organs. PMID- 6550541 TI - [Therapy in metastasizing ovarian cancer--survival rate correlated with histological and cytological grading as prognostic factors]. AB - The histologic grading especially of the modified Broders'-Grading is a suitable prognostic factor in Ovarian Carcinoma. Our investigations show this to be especially true after failure with first line chemotherapeutic agents. These morphologic gradings should especially be used for the selection for high risk patients and for the treatment planning in ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6550542 TI - [Hysterectomy for septicemia following caesarean section]. AB - From 1971 to 1980 20 patients at the first department of women of the university of Munich required a puerperal hysterectomy because of septicemia following caesarean section. During the same time a total of 2,726 caesarean sections were performed. 14 of the 20 women requiring hysterectomy had the caesarean section in the first department for women. Six women were referred with septicemia following caesarean section in another hospital. The causative relationship between caesarean section and septicemia was reviewed leading to the indication for hysterectomy. The indications for the caesarean section, risk factors for increased puerperal infection, the postoperative course, the indication for hysterectomy, the findings at operation the findings in the operative specimen and the course following hysterectomy were reviewed. Risk factors promoting an ascending infection postpartum were the type of labor, frequent vaginal examinations, previous attempts at vaginal delivery, and internal fetal monitoring by a scalp electrode. The recognition of incipient septicemia include severe pain in the abdomen and a subjective feeling of severe illness in the patient. The white blood count is increased, the body temperature is high and beginning respiratory insufficiency points to the severity of the illness. In these cases a repeat laparotomy with hysterectomy to eliminate the focus of infection is the treatment of choice for the septicemia. 19 of the patients who required hysterectomy for septicemia following caesarean section were discharged home after a mean hospital stay of 36 days. One of the patients died 41 days following caesarean section and 20 days following hysterectomy because of septicemia resistant to treatment. PMID- 6550543 TI - [Etiology of uterine prolapse]. AB - From the factors known to promote descensus those which may best be objectified- among them overweight, hard physical labour, weakness of the connective tissue and number of births--are examined in a group of women with descensus and a control group with regard to their valence for the development of a descensus. Log-linear models are applied in the calculation of qualitative variables. According to that, overweight means a fourfold, hard physical labour a threefold, weakness of the connective tissue a 2,7-fold and birth of more than one child a 2,2-fold risk of descensus. PMID- 6550544 TI - [Uterine prolapse after episiotomy]. AB - The value of episiotomy in regard to the prevention of descensus vagina et uteri is examined in a statistically reliable number of patients (64 cases). Women who were delivered without episiotomy provided the control group (70 cases). In both groups factors promoting pelvic relaxation were taken into consideration. According to the results of this examination the importance of episiotomy as prophylaxis of pelvic relaxation does not justify any obligatory use. PMID- 6550545 TI - [Pseudoplasmacytoma of the uterine cervix]. AB - Report on a case of a 21 year old woman with a pseudoplasmocytoma of the cervix of the uterus. A tumour-like proliferation of plasma cells had developed in the area of a glandular ectopia of the cervix mucosa with a secondary erosion, which stretched continuously into the myometrium. The morphological changes were difficult to differentiate diagnostically from an extra-medullary plasmocytoma. After taking into account all histological and clinical data as well as the progression of the disease, the lesion was interpreted to be a well defined tumour-like reactive plasmocytosis of the cervix of the uterus. PMID- 6550546 TI - [Surgery of the perineum, anus and rectum]. AB - The special and highly complicated anatomy of the continence organ is the basis for surgery in the perineal region and in the region of anus and rectum. The rectal cavernous body, the sphincter ani internus, which is aganglionic, as well as the asymmetry of the female external sphincter muscle, are new facts which must be given attention in respect of pathogenesis and therapy of many diseases occurring in this region. The article discusses piles, anorectal abscesses and fistulas, prolapse of the rectum and rectal cancer under these special aspects. PMID- 6550547 TI - [Fetal indication for the termination of pregnancy from an ethical viewpoint]. AB - The author goes into five ethical problems involved in foetal indication for termination of pregnancy: 1. The method of prenatal diagnosis is considered to be ethically neutral. 2. Arguments and indication for termination of pregnancy in case of foetal indication are critically reviewed. Four degrees of severity are distinguished in the field of prenatal damage. 3. After expounding the arguments for a continuation of pregnancy, the only case in which termination is declared as ethically justifiable is the occurrence of "total malformation" of the foetus (anencephaly). 4. In everyday practice, great importance must be attached to a differentiation between judgement of what can be considered as correct from the viewpoint of morals as tolerated by society on the one hand, and the moral value attached to a concrete action on the other. 5. Termination of pregnancy in case of foetal indication, which has largely become a matter of course, is examined and reflected with regard to its importance for the development of (medical and social) moral awareness. PMID- 6550548 TI - [Occurrence and histological structure of adenocarcinomas of the cervix mucosa after long-term use of ovulation inhibitors]. PMID- 6550549 TI - [Kallikrein-kinin blood system indices in pulmonary destruction in children]. PMID- 6550550 TI - Mark: psychotherapy with a developmentally disabled adult. PMID- 6550551 TI - Clinical lessons from literature and legend. PMID- 6550552 TI - ALS and aging: a case study in autonomy and control. PMID- 6550553 TI - Family focused care in the psychiatric inpatient setting. PMID- 6550554 TI - Clinical scholarship. PMID- 6550555 TI - Cure: the potential outcome of nursing care. PMID- 6550556 TI - Problem solving in nursing. PMID- 6550557 TI - "One step beyond". PMID- 6550558 TI - Throwaway children; runaway kids. PMID- 6550559 TI - Military nursing: a challenge for the 80's. PMID- 6550560 TI - Men nurses who needs them? Attitudes toward men in nursing. PMID- 6550561 TI - The nurse and minority health problems in the United States. PMID- 6550562 TI - How to succeed as a minority student in nursing. PMID- 6550563 TI - Survival and stress: tips from the diary of an educationally mobile handicapped nurse. PMID- 6550565 TI - Students helping themselves: peer support groups. PMID- 6550564 TI - Taking the Boards? An orientation to the new National Council licensing exam-RN. PMID- 6550566 TI - Future directions of the profession: impact on NSNA 1982 and 2012. Part II. PMID- 6550567 TI - Tax time tips. PMID- 6550568 TI - Age at onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus associated with BfF1. PMID- 6550569 TI - [Heat exhaustion and heat stroke in the long distance runner]. PMID- 6550570 TI - [Tularemia]. PMID- 6550572 TI - [Do nursing practice and education answer the needs of Quebec?]. PMID- 6550571 TI - [Nursing education in the United States and Canada: since a long time directed towards a common goal]. PMID- 6550573 TI - [Adapting to old age: men and women]. PMID- 6550574 TI - [Small ways in which to improve parent-fetus symbiosis]. PMID- 6550575 TI - The American College of Epidemiology. PMID- 6550576 TI - Nosocomial infection in a high risk cohort: an illustration of a sampling method. AB - Patients in two acute care university hospitals were entered into the study using the following method: twenty patients were selected each day from all floors/units in each hospital until the hospital communities had been surveyed only once. A total of 762 hospital patients were identified for the study, and the history of each patient was then abstracted from their charts. The data were analyzed as an historical cohort study design. The two hospital samples were compared to show the effects of the nonrandom sampling method using one hospital as a comparison group for the other. Expected associations between nosocomial infection and known risk factors were compared and contrasted between the hospitals using cumulative incidence rates and relative risk ratios. The average length of stay of the group of patients in each hospital was extended from a mean of ten days to a mean of 30 days. The only significant difference between the two hospital cohorts was an age effect. The advantages and disadvantages of this method for selecting a long staying cohort at high risk for nosocomial infection in acute care facilities are detailed. PMID- 6550577 TI - Injection site abscesses caused by Mycobacterium chelonei. AB - Subcutaneous abscesses occurred at hip and deltoid injection sites in 13 student nurse assistants following practice injections. Mycobacterium chelonei was isolated from three cases and was the presumptive pathogen in other temporally clustered cases with similar clinical findings. A 1,000 cc bottle of 0.9 N saline used as a source for practice injection solution was the apparent source of the organism. Presenting findings included tenderness (7), swelling (7), fever (3), adenopathy (1) and weight loss (1). All cases were characterized by long incubation periods (6 to 16 weeks) and delayed resolution (mean 8.8 months), and required surgical drainage or wedge excision for therapy. Antituberculous therapy was administered in three cases. Complications were limited to scarring in seven cases with keloid formation in two and persistent pain in three cases. This outbreak reinforces the importance of penetrating trauma in this cutaneous mycobacterial infection and emphasizes the emergence of this organism as an important nosocomial pathogen. PMID- 6550578 TI - An evaluation of autopsy review as a technique for infection control: a procedure of questionable value. AB - Review of necropsy reports for evidence of undiagnosed antemortem infection is included by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals as an element of an effective hospital infection control program. We reviewed records of 155 patients autopsied at St. Paul-Ramsey Medical Center between January 1, 1980 and March 31, 1981. In 13 patients (8%), there was a discrepancy between documentation of infection during the patient's hospitalization and at autopsy. However, in none of these cases was this information useful in our infection control program. We doubt the effectiveness of necropsy review as a tool for nosocomial infection control. PMID- 6550579 TI - Nosocomial spread of Clostridium difficile. AB - Environmental transmission of Clostridium difficile, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis (PMC), has been supported by animal studies and implicated in spread of C. difficile among leukemic children receiving non-absorbable antibiotics. We report antibiotic-associated C. difficile-related colitis in two adults who shared a commode chair during hospitalization. PMID- 6550581 TI - Chemical versus physical cleansing. PMID- 6550580 TI - American Hospital Association. Hepatitis B vaccine recommendations for hospital employees October 1982. PMID- 6550582 TI - Complement levels in normal and inflamed aqueous humor. AB - C2, C6, and C7 were measured by hemolytic assay and Factor B and IgG were measured by radial immunodiffusion in samples of normal and inflamed aqueous humor. Normal aqueous humor was found to contain functional C2, C6, and C7, but the small ratios of aqueous humor to serum measurements suggested that there was relatively little of these complement components in normal aqueous humor when compared to serum. The mean values of C2, C6, C7, and Factor B in aqueous humor and the median ratios of aqueous humor to serum measurements for each complement component were higher in patients with inflamed aqueous humor than in patients with normal aqueous humor. A comparison of the ratios of IgG to each complement component in normal and inflamed aqueous humor suggested that levels of IgG and complement increased proportionately in inflamed aqueous humor. Factor B, a component of the alternative pathway, was not detected in normal aqueous humor but measured in five of six samples of aqueous humor from eyes with anterior chamber inflammation. PMID- 6550583 TI - Sex education in schools. PMID- 6550585 TI - Starting from scratch. PMID- 6550584 TI - Does the school nurse have an occupational health role? PMID- 6550586 TI - Diabetes mellitus--a case study. PMID- 6550587 TI - Unemployment and the health visitor. PMID- 6550588 TI - Attitudes to the unemployed. PMID- 6550589 TI - Encouraging early learning through play--an experiment in a deprived area. PMID- 6550590 TI - Breaking the cycle of deprivation: does preschool intervention work? PMID- 6550592 TI - What's a foot? PMID- 6550591 TI - Know your organization: the Marce Society. PMID- 6550594 TI - An investigation into the sodium and potassium levels in infant formula feeds. PMID- 6550593 TI - Women's knowledge of health care during pregnancy. PMID- 6550595 TI - Dietary fats in our lives today. PMID- 6550596 TI - Know your organizations: BLAT Centre for Health and Medical Education. The Divorce Conciliation and Advisory Service. PMID- 6550597 TI - Coping with divorce. PMID- 6550598 TI - Child abuse and incest. PMID- 6550599 TI - Protein synthesis in brine shrimp embryos and rabbit reticulocytes. The effect of Mg2+ on binary (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 X GDP) and ternary (eukaryotic initiation factor 2 X GTP X met-tRNAf) complex formation. AB - We have prepared eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) from rabbit reticulocytes and Artemia embryos and studied the effect of Mg2+ on binary (eIF-2 X GDP) and ternary (eIF-2 X GTP X Met-tRNAf) complex formation. Under conditions where Mg2+ inhibits Met-tRNAf binding to reticulocyte eIF-2, ternary complex formation with Artemia eIF-2 is not inhibited. Similarly, the formation of eIF-2 X GDP with Artemia eIF-2 is stimulated by Mg2+, whereas the corresponding reticulocyte binary complex is strongly inhibited. In the presence of 1 mM Mg2+, the isolated Artemia eIF-2 X GDP complex is stable in the absence of any added nucleotide, but readily exchanges bound GDP for free GTP. However, the reticulocyte eIF-2 X GDP complex is significantly more stable in the presence of GTP, and nucleotide exchange is dependent upon the addition of a factor isolated from either the postribosomal supernatant or the high salt wash of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. This factor also stimulates Met-tRNAf binding to both Artemia and reticulocyte eIF-2. PMID- 6550600 TI - Bile acid synthesis by cultured hepatocytes. Inhibition by mevinolin, but not by bile acids. AB - The ability of cultured hepatocytes to maintain a constant rate of bile acid synthesis and secretion in a chemically defined serum-free culture medium allowed us to examine the direct effects of bile acids on their synthesis. Mass quantitation of bile acids by gas liquid chromatography showed that adding taurochenodeoxycholate at concentrations which were from 2 to 20 times the concentration of bile acids found in rat portal blood increased rather than decreased the secretion of cholic acid. Using a more direct approach to measure relative rates of bile acid synthesis and secretion, we determined the rate of de novo 14C-bile acid synthesis. Adding taurocholate at concentrations ranging from 2 to 60 times the concentration found in rat portal blood did not inhibit 14C bile acid synthesis. Furthermore, free and conjugated di- and tri-hydroxy bile acids did not inhibit bile acid synthesis. In contrast, mevinolin, a potent inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis, inhibited 14C-bile acid synthesis by 63%. Since previous demonstration of bile acid negative feedback regulation was achieved in vivo by infusing taurocholate into the intestines of bile-diverted rats, we examined the possibility that bile acid synthesis must be induced in order for bile acids to inhibit their synthesis. Hepatocytes obtained from bile diverted rats exhibited a 5-fold increase in the synthesis and secretion of 14C bile acids. However, taurocholate did not inhibit bile acid synthesis by cells from bile-diverted rats. These data show that bile acids do not interact directly with the hepatocyte to inhibit their synthesis. PMID- 6550602 TI - The information explosion: a case of spontaneous combustion. PMID- 6550601 TI - Prophylaxis for infective endocarditis: antibiotic sensitivity of dental plaque. AB - The antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacteria isolated from bacteraemia after dental extraction was compared with that of bacteria isolated from dental plaque samples from the same patient. The results supported the current practice of using penicillin and erythromycin empirically for prophylaxis. The prediction of the most appropriate antibiotic for prophylaxis using dental plaque samples was most accurate when the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of plaque isolates were used. It appears that a predictive test using dental plaque may be of some value in patients with recent or long-term antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6550603 TI - IAET strategic planning report: Part II. PMID- 6550604 TI - Impact of ostomy upon the spouse. PMID- 6550605 TI - Nursing in the Soviet Union: observations and impressions. PMID- 6550606 TI - Drugs: actions and reactions. Antacids. PMID- 6550607 TI - The VPI nonadhesive urostomy system. PMID- 6550608 TI - Postoperative pouches. PMID- 6550609 TI - Falls and their causes. PMID- 6550610 TI - A thank you. PMID- 6550611 TI - Interventions for safety. PMID- 6550612 TI - Patient falls are not patient accidents. PMID- 6550613 TI - Home, safe home. PMID- 6550614 TI - Nursing guidelines for the use of restraints in non-psychiatric settings. PMID- 6550616 TI - Resistance of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus to third-generation cephalosporins. PMID- 6550615 TI - Citrobacter koseri (syn. C. diversus): biotype, serogroup and drug resistance patterns of 517 strains. AB - The names Citrobacter koseri and C. diversus are synonyms for a species of enterobacterium with a particular ability to cause neonatal meningitis. 517 strains belonging to this species were examined using biotyping and serotyping techniques. 40% of the strains belonged to serogroups O2 and O1 and 72% belonged to biotypes d and a. Strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid belonged to several different serogroups and biotypes but serogroups O2 and O3 and biotypes d and a were the most common. All the strains were resistant to ampicillin, 42% were resistant to neomycin/kanamycin and 38% were resistant to cephaloridine. 37% of the strains were resistant to three or more drugs. PMID- 6550617 TI - Human sparganosis. PMID- 6550618 TI - Cataracts in children: epikeratophakia for the correction of aphakia. PMID- 6550619 TI - EKG of the month. PAC-woman. PMID- 6550620 TI - The rise of syphilis in Louisiana. PMID- 6550621 TI - Fate of human neutrophil elastase following receptor-mediated endocytosis by human alveolar macrophages. Implications for connective tissue injury. AB - AM may be important in the pathogenesis of centrilobular emphysema of cigarette smokers because smokers' AM release elastolytic activity into culture medium and an expanded population of AM is found in lung regions of smokers where destructive lesions occur. AM are capable of receptor-mediated endocytosis of neutrophil elastase in vitro, but little has been known about the fate of the enzyme after endocytosis. We have observed that after brief exposure to HLE in vitro, (1) CEs of cultured human AM contain detectable quantities of neutrophil elastase and elastase activity for days; (2) endocytosed neutrophil elastase is slowly degraded by the macrophages; (3) neutrophil elastase and elastase activity are slowly released into the culture medium conditioned by the macrophages; (4) elastase activity released into CM by the macrophages has catalytic properties of neutrophil elastase; and (5) elastase released into CM during 5 days in culture is fourfold greater than the initial elastase activity of the CEs, suggesting that enzymatic activity of endocytosed elastase is masked by an intracellular inhibitor. Thus macrophages both degrade and release endocytosed neutrophil elastase and may play a very complex role in modulation of neutrophil elastase injury to connective tissue in the lung and other tissues. PMID- 6550622 TI - The transport of orthovanadate and similar oxyanions in relation to salt and water transport across the isolated intestine of the common eel, Anguilla anguilla. AB - An intestinal preparation from the common eel (Anguilla anguilla) was characterized for both mucosal to serosal and serosal to mucosal transport of water, alanine, sodium and chloride. The preparation showed a net outflux of water and a net influx of alanine, and no net fluxes of sodium or chloride. The influxes of all four substances and the outflux of water were inhibited by ouabain, while the outfluxes of alanine, sodium and chloride were increased by ouabain. Influxes and outfluxes of the oxyanions orthovanadate, phosphate, arsenate, sulphate, selenate and chromate were measured over a range of concentrations from 10(-8) M to 10(-4) M. The entry of each anion was dependent on the mucosal concentration, not saturable within the concentration range used or competitive with chloride. There were no net fluxes of these anions and pertechnecate from solutions containing equal mucosal and serosal concentrations of the anion. PMID- 6550623 TI - Calcium-stimulated protein phosphorylation in synaptic membranes. AB - Synaptic membranes from rat brain contain several calcium-requiring protein kinase (PK) activities with different substrate specificities: (a) an activity (CaH-PK) effective at high concentrations of Ca2+ ion in the absence of Mg2+ (active on class F substrates); (b) a (Ca + Mg)-PK activity that is mediated by Ca2+ ion in the presence of Mg2+ (active on class B substrates); (c) (Ca-CaM)-PK activities that exhibit simultaneous requirements for both Ca2+ ion and CaM (for class C and D substrates). Also described are three activities (d-f) that do not require Ca2+ ion: (d) a Mg-PK activity in which the presence of Ca2+ causes the inhibition of phosphorylation (active on class A substrates); (e) an activity affecting a diverse group of substrates (class E substrates), the phosphorylation of which occurs in the presence of Mg2+ ion alone (Mg-PK activity) and is unaffected by the addition of Ca2+ ion and CaM, the substrates of which show different responses to several types of inhibitors; and, finally, (f) the previously well characterized cAMP-dependent PK activities. Several of the substrates of these kinases have been identified in a fairly unambiguous manner: among them are P43 (class A), as the alpha subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase; P54 (class B), as the presynaptic protein B50; and the doublet P75-P80, as proteins IA and IB of Ueda and Greengard. The most interesting activity is that requiring both Ca2+ and CaM. The half-maximal stimulation (K0.5) for Ca2+ in the presence of CaM was found to be 1.0 microM Ca2+F in untreated membranes. There is little change in this value on prior EGTA extraction of the membranes, which removes the bulk of its Ca2+ and reduces its residual CaM by greater than or equal to 50%. The apparent K0.5 for CaM in the presence of excess Ca2+ ion was found to equal 0.4 microgram per reaction mixture (8 micrograms/ml) or 1.35 micrograms per reaction mixture (27 micrograms/ml), for the untreated and EGTA-treated membranes, respectively. PMID- 6550625 TI - An alternative to the clinical ladder. PMID- 6550624 TI - A marketing approach to nursing administration--Part 2. AB - Marketing has been defined as effectively managing exchange relationships with an organization's markets or constituencies[1]. To apply a marketing approach to nursing administration, an awareness of all divisional relationships that involve the exchange of values must be developed. The interactions of the nursing division with the larger health care organization, patient population, medical staff, community, and other markets are very complex. Identifying markets with similar needs, preferences, perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors is essential because each segment requires different marketing strategies, tactics, and goals. After defining present and potential markets, the nurse administrator must ask what is valued and exchanged by each segment. A marketing information and research program can provide the data necessary to analyze the needs and preferences of the nursing markets as well as the nursing organization's capabilities and deficits. Part 1 concluded with a description of the qualitative and quantitative phases of a marketing information program. Part 2 explores the management phase, in which research information is translated into strategies and tactics designed to meet the needs of identified market segments. Potential problems the nursing administrator may face in implementing a marketing approach are discussed. PMID- 6550626 TI - The causes and costs of promotion trauma. AB - Minimizing the stress that nurses experience after a promotion requires an understanding of the dynamics of fledgling managers. Middle roles such as theirs are inherently difficult. We need to be aware of what can happen in moving up the ladder--factors such as loneliness, other unmet needs and unclear job descriptions evoke unique stresses. Knowing these factors, nursing administrators can plan their programs to better support their managers in transition. PMID- 6550627 TI - Results of the Nursing Personnel Survey, Part 1: RN recruitment and orientation. AB - The first of a series of articles analyzing the results of the American Hospital Association's Nursing Personnel Survey, this article discusses the presence or absence of RN recruitment plans, the number and types of modes used to recruit RNs, and the average and median costs for the recruitment and orientation of an RN staff nurse among hospitals classified by bed size, control, and geographic region. PMID- 6550628 TI - A patient classification system based on the Behavioral System Model of Nursing: Part 1. AB - This article has described the development of a patient classification system based on the Behavioral System Model of Nursing. Although the system was specifically developed for the psychiatric setting, the framework of the model permits application to all clinical settings. A primary advantage of utilizing a model is that it provides an objective framework for organizing observations of patient behavior, thereby increasing consistency and continuity of care provided by all nursing staff. Part 2 will appear in the next issue of JONA and will discuss the clinical application of the patient classification system. PMID- 6550629 TI - A Management Progression System for Nurse Administrators, Part 1. AB - This article describes the rationale for developing a Management Progression Systems for Nurse Administrators. A format is presented which depicts critical decision areas for managers. The importance of gathering appropriate and quality information is stressed as a basic to effective decision making. Sample representative decisions for each of three administrative positions are presented. Part 2 of this series will deal with the three most important areas of managerial skills. Judgments about the appropriate combination of necessary skills will be presented. Then, competencies related to the basic skill areas and selected factors which assess those skills will be discussed. PMID- 6550630 TI - A profile of nursing at Mercy Catholic Medical Center Darby, PA. PMID- 6550631 TI - Hair removal--shave-preps, depilatories, and other preoperative considerations: are they really necessary? PMID- 6550632 TI - The computer - (OR) machine of the (next) year. PMID- 6550634 TI - Metoclopramide hydrochloride: a gastrointestinal stimulant with multiple uses. PMID- 6550633 TI - Transient exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in infancy. PMID- 6550635 TI - Assessing the mastectomy patient's need for special coping strategies. PMID- 6550637 TI - [Indices in the observation of neuromuscular diseases]. PMID- 6550636 TI - Use of beta-lactam antibiotics in urinary tract infections. PMID- 6550638 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases--its significance and methodology]. PMID- 6550639 TI - [Exercise prescription. I. Individualized prescription]. PMID- 6550640 TI - [Defibrillator, pacemaker, and balloon pumping]. PMID- 6550642 TI - [Brain tumor patients in Japan--an epidemiologic observation]. PMID- 6550641 TI - [Nursing diagnosis in relation to the nursing process (1980)]. PMID- 6550643 TI - [Early discovery of brain tumors]. PMID- 6550644 TI - [Evaluation of the nursing standard for the care of adult brain tumor patients- with special reference to disabilities in daily activities of the hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6550645 TI - [Nursing in the acute stage following surgery of brain tumor--care at the neurosurgical intensive care unit]. PMID- 6550646 TI - [Care of patients with elevated intracranial pressure]. PMID- 6550647 TI - [Psychosocial and social problems of patients with brain tumors and their families]. PMID- 6550648 TI - [Terminal care of a patient with malignant neuroglioma]. PMID- 6550649 TI - [Care in excretion by a patient with disturbed consciousness due to hemangioma of the sinus cavernosus]. PMID- 6550650 TI - [Pre- and postoperative nursing of a patient with metastatic brain tumor- evaluation and reflection. A discussion]. PMID- 6550651 TI - [Adverse effects of contrast enhancement computed tomography]. PMID- 6550652 TI - [Nursing during the post-operative acute stage in a patient with cerebral ischemia--an analysis based on the oxygen partial pressure at the internal jugular vein]. PMID- 6550653 TI - [Insufficient dietary intake by patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6550654 TI - [Therapy and management of brain tumors--current trends]. PMID- 6550655 TI - [Statistics on radioactive exposure of nurses]. PMID- 6550656 TI - Chemical dependency in the nursing profession: a call for action. PMID- 6550657 TI - Nurse educators speak out on nursing education in Kansas. PMID- 6550659 TI - New grads speak out - their first year in practice, their KSNA involvement. PMID- 6550660 TI - For the new graduate: 37 questions you need answered during an interview. PMID- 6550658 TI - An historical perspective of continuing education in Kansas. Part I. PMID- 6550661 TI - Walk a mile in my shoes. PMID- 6550662 TI - New grads need malpractice protection too! PMID- 6550663 TI - [Electric accidents]. PMID- 6550664 TI - [Thoracic trauma--clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 6550665 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy: gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6550666 TI - [When they ask you: a cold is not just a cold]. PMID- 6550667 TI - [Computation of prime cost sheets 81]. PMID- 6550668 TI - [Dying and death from a socialistic viewpoint]. PMID- 6550669 TI - [Observations on the intensive care unit]. PMID- 6550670 TI - [When children are embittered]. PMID- 6550671 TI - Child-to-Child Trial Program. Ajoya, Sinaloa, Mexico. PMID- 6550672 TI - Health education in schools. PMID- 6550673 TI - Health care system and nursing. PMID- 6550674 TI - Family planning education. PMID- 6550675 TI - "Old" ideas still valuable: a review of cross-cultural case studies. PMID- 6550676 TI - School health and health education in Europe. PMID- 6550678 TI - Developing the world: who is responsible? PMID- 6550677 TI - Values clarification as a technique for family planning education. AB - A Spanish language family planning education program utilizing the dynamics of values clarification has been designed and implemented in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The design of the program features three basic personality identification activities to help individuals identify other dimensions of adult life expression than child rearing. In addition, a series of simple and precise scenarios specifically related to family planning are presented. Each scenario is accompanied by a set of valuing questions that direct the learner to respond to the scenario. The activity booklet is entitled, "Clarification De Valores En La Planificacion Familar." The booklet requires the learner to make responses to the learning materials. Responses are then used as a basis for inferring that people are comprehending and above all personalizing knowledge about themselves and their culture and family planning. The program is cross cultural and can be used in Spanish speaking communities in the U.S. Its English language form can be used with English speaking target populations. Statistical analysis of seven critical categories of the program indicated that the shifts in attitudes from pre-to post values, whether positive or negative (desirable or undesirable), were not significant at the .05 level of confidence. It should, however, be noted that small shifts in the rate of natural increase, or rate of natural decrease for population growth can have a dramatic effect on population growth when multiplied by time. PMID- 6550679 TI - Mexican Americans: factors influencing health practices. PMID- 6550680 TI - Communicating nutrition to high school students in Kenya. AB - The success of school health programs depends upon effective communication. The characteristics of the communicator is an important component in the communication process. Research indicates that the expertise of the communicator and communicator-audience similarity are both characteristics that influence the acceptance of health information. The goal of this study was to determine which combination of expertise and similarity is most effective in improving the nutrition knowledge and attitudes of high school students in Kenya, East Africa. To examine this problem, Gusii students from Kenya received communications advocating improved nutrition from sources varying in expertise and similarity. Results of the investigation indicated that a communicator similar to his or her audience (low expert/high similar communicator) was effective in persuading the students as an expert (high expert/low similar communicator). The implications for school health programs, especially in developing countries, is that in utilizing a culturally similar, locally-trained person (low expert/high similar communicator) as a communicator source, the school is obtaining an effective communicator as well as utilizing limited resources in the most effective manner. If a culturally dissimilar person is the source of the information, then this individual would be effective only if he or she is an expert. PMID- 6550681 TI - Food habits and preferences of Vietnamese children. AB - In this study, information on food preferences and intake frequencies of 70 Vietnamese children was gathered by means of a questionnaire. The purpose was to compare the dietary habits of children who had been in the U.S. for more than one year with those of children arriving within the past year (1981). The results showed that children less than six years old who came to California more than one year ago consumed green leafy vegetables less frequently (p less than 0.01) and vitamin supplements more frequently (p less than 0.01) than those who came here recently. In the older groups (greater than 6 yrs), those who have been resident in the U.S. for more than one year consumed peanut butter and sweets (ice cream, pies, milkshakes) more frequently than those who had just arrived (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Older children (age greater than 6 yrs) who had been in the U.S. longer preferred American foods more than those who had just come (p less than 0.01). The majority of all children ate fruits as snacks. The consumption of rice, eggs, cheese, milk, meats and fruit juice was not significantly different in any of the four groups. This study also revealed a great need of nutrition education for the Vietnamese refugee mothers. Recommendations for planning nutrition education for this population are provided. PMID- 6550682 TI - Health Education in the Department of Defense Dependents Schools: an internationalizing experience. AB - The Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS) system provides a unique educational experience for thousands of military and civilian dependents living in foreign countries. The blend of military life with a host nation culture creates a challenge for both students and educators. Health education in the international setting provides a social and cultural experience which is not readily found at home in the U.S. PMID- 6550683 TI - Working with others who are not like me. AB - If one is to work as a health worker (counselor, educator, nurse, physician), in a cross-cultural setting, it is important to know about others, to know about oneself and to know about health beliefs. Ann Templeton Brownlee's excellent book outlines not only what is important to know but why it is important and how to find out in areas ranging from politics to health education. A variety of resources follow that can assist in discovering approaches to those who are culturally different. It is altogether fitting and proper that as we approach the end of the 20th century we do as suggested in Objectives for the Nation and develop, ". . . educational approaches that take into account socioeconomic and ethnic differences that may influence both spread of disease and receptivity to change." PMID- 6550684 TI - Nursing experiences with Indochinese refugee families. PMID- 6550685 TI - School health: a national policy issue in the Soviet Union. AB - In the Soviet Union school health services are provided as an integral part of the health care delivery system, which is under the Ministry of Health. This paper presents an overview of the Soviet health care delivery system, the model for the delivery of school health services, the role and training of school personnel involved in school health services and implications the Soviet model may have for other countries. PMID- 6550686 TI - "Mradi Wa Afya Mashuleni:" the Tanzania School Health Program. PMID- 6550688 TI - [Training of students from overseas]. PMID- 6550687 TI - Protein replication by amino acid pairing. AB - Biological problems concerning the origin of life and the mode of prion replication (Prusiner, 1982) may require protein replication (the synthesis of one protein sequence from another) as part of their solution. It is suggested that complementarity between protein sequences may be determined by amino acid pairing (Root-Bernstein, 1982a). Two mechanisms using the complementarity afforded by amino acid pairing are proposed. Experimental tests of the mechanisms are suggested. PMID- 6550689 TI - [International cooperation in medicine--an interview]. PMID- 6550690 TI - [Project in nursing education in Indonesia]. PMID- 6550691 TI - [My experience as a member of the Japan Overseas Cooperation of Volunteers- advice to future volunteers who are willing to work in developing countries]. PMID- 6550692 TI - [Therapeutic intervention for a chronic schizophrenic patient secluded in her own apartment--application of the psychodynamic concept]. PMID- 6550693 TI - [Development of modern science and the mind-body dualism. 1]. PMID- 6550694 TI - [Definition of the QC (quality control) circle activities]. PMID- 6550695 TI - [Survey and observation on thermometer damage and body temperature determination]. PMID- 6550696 TI - [Clinical instruction in pediatric nursing--experience in nursing children initially refusing student nurses. 1. An outline of clinical training and the goal and practice of clinical training in pediatric nursing]. PMID- 6550697 TI - [Effects of clinical training in psychiatric nursing on students. 2]. PMID- 6550698 TI - [The role of Japan in technical cooperation in nursing]. PMID- 6550699 TI - More on the right to refuse treatment: Brother Fox and the mentally ill in New York. PMID- 6550700 TI - Revocation of nurses' licenses: how does it happen? PMID- 6550701 TI - The emergicenter: has its time arrived? PMID- 6550702 TI - Gerontology's special appeal. PMID- 6550703 TI - Nursing image. Influencing the image with newspaper features. PMID- 6550704 TI - Nursing image. Public perceptions: Jacox. Interview by RoAnne Dahlen. PMID- 6550705 TI - Leadership in health care. PMID- 6550706 TI - The entry dilemma. The National League for Nursing and the higher education movement, 1952-1972 with an epilogue to 1983. PMID- 6550707 TI - Kininogen substrates for trypsin and cathepsin D in human, rabbit and rat plasmas. AB - Studies have compared "total", HMW kininogen and leukokininogen levels in human, rabbit and rat plasma using trypsin, glass powder and cathepsin D as kininogenases or activators of kininogenases. Rat plasma was found to have about 10 fold more leukokininogen than the other plasmas assayed. When trypsin was used to estimate total kininogen, rat plasma liberated maximal amounts of kinin only in the presence of high concentrations of trypsin (1 mg/ml incubation mixture). In addition, it was found that trypsin in these concentrations liberated from rat plasma both bradykinin and a previously unidentified kinin which we have termed "T-kinin". The results overall indicate that in the case of rat and rabbit plasma, currently used methods for estimations of total kininogen may not be accurate. T-kinin may represent a leukokininogen or a hitherto undescribed kininogen. PMID- 6550708 TI - Nursing science & education: an inseparable pair. PMID- 6550709 TI - Data can effect change. PMID- 6550710 TI - Needs assessment in CE designing a system that works. PMID- 6550711 TI - The unit education coordinator. PMID- 6550713 TI - Scarce clinical facilities? Not in community health! PMID- 6550712 TI - Pathophysiology in an AD community college nursing program. PMID- 6550715 TI - When your patients ask about bed rest in pregnancy. PMID- 6550714 TI - Problems with recruiting neo-natal nurses: nurse staffing and the changing scene in neonatal care. PMID- 6550716 TI - The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital anomalies. PMID- 6550717 TI - Nuclear war, the ultimate ecological catastrophe. PMID- 6550718 TI - Thinking globally - acting locally to influence health care. PMID- 6550719 TI - Learned helplessness in the renal patient. PMID- 6550720 TI - The promotion of adaptation to end stage renal disease: implications for clients and their families. PMID- 6550721 TI - What is depression? PMID- 6550722 TI - Evaluation tool for hemodialysis delivery systems. PMID- 6550724 TI - Transcultural nursing: including it in the curriculum. PMID- 6550723 TI - Measurement of compliance in patients with diabetes mellitus on hemodialysis. PMID- 6550726 TI - Nurses in policymaking and volunteerism. PMID- 6550725 TI - Transcultural nursing: instituting an experience abroad. PMID- 6550727 TI - Developing neighborhood nurse offices. PMID- 6550728 TI - A nursing inservice curriculum for patient education. PMID- 6550729 TI - Preventing hepatitis B with a new vaccine. PMID- 6550730 TI - Emergency pneumothorax care. PMID- 6550731 TI - Celiac disease. PMID- 6550732 TI - Providing tracheostomy care. PMID- 6550733 TI - Sharing. An ongoing chain. PMID- 6550734 TI - Medication errors. Check and double-check all insulin doses. PMID- 6550735 TI - Varicella. PMID- 6550736 TI - Power spray cleaning for those hard-to-clean wounds. PMID- 6550737 TI - Increase I.C.P. Physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6550738 TI - Looking at the tube . . . and we don't mean T.V. PMID- 6550739 TI - If your patient wants to die at home. PMID- 6550740 TI - Understanding sexuality in the dying patient. PMID- 6550741 TI - Nurse's quick guide to nutritional disorders. PMID- 6550742 TI - Helping your patient to live with a permanent pacemaker. PMID- 6550743 TI - Cataract surgery. Providing total patient care. PMID- 6550744 TI - Teaching patients to manage acute asthma. The future is now. PMID- 6550745 TI - Resistance to the consultation process. PMID- 6550746 TI - The role of the academic nursing administrator in baccalaureate programs for the registered nurse. PMID- 6550747 TI - What motivates nurses to join and remain with an organization? PMID- 6550748 TI - Hospital privileges for the nurse practitioner: collaboration and controversy. PMID- 6550749 TI - A wellness model for nursing: promoting high level wellness in any setting through independent nursing functions. PMID- 6550750 TI - Toward a competency-based safe practice. PMID- 6550751 TI - Hospital guilty of racial discrimination. PMID- 6550752 TI - Joint practice: a rural hospital can make it work. PMID- 6550753 TI - Nursing apprenticeship. PMID- 6550754 TI - Get it in writing. PMID- 6550755 TI - Teaching people to manage their health. PMID- 6550756 TI - Solving the role puzzle. PMID- 6550757 TI - Schedule yourself on all three shifts. PMID- 6550758 TI - Perspectives in nursing. A time for reflection and redirection. PMID- 6550759 TI - State Board failures: one hospital helps. PMID- 6550760 TI - Maintaining control. PMID- 6550761 TI - Art & science of management. Reducing the pressure. PMID- 6550762 TI - Strategies for novice staff development instructors. PMID- 6550763 TI - Overcoming the tyranny of our professional role. PMID- 6550764 TI - A glut of nurses? PMID- 6550765 TI - Hospital and industry occupational health nurses: are they different? PMID- 6550766 TI - Reactions to rubella immunizations in adult clients of an employee health setting. PMID- 6550767 TI - Costs, benefits, and activities of a hospital occupational health program. PMID- 6550768 TI - Hospital-sponsored occupational health programs and the role of the employee health service. PMID- 6550769 TI - The forgotten majority: health hazards in hospital support service personnel. PMID- 6550770 TI - Shaping employee health to fit employee needs. PMID- 6550771 TI - Occupational health services--a new perspective on occupational health nursing. PMID- 6550772 TI - Family support: providing total patient care. PMID- 6550773 TI - [Report on a study trip to the Edinburgh University Nursing Research Institute]. PMID- 6550774 TI - [Education of diabetics - a new role for nursing personnel]. PMID- 6550775 TI - [Being ill in old age - nursing care at home]. PMID- 6550776 TI - School aged children's perceptions of the causes of illness. PMID- 6550777 TI - Bicycle safety: opportunities for family education. PMID- 6550778 TI - Up-to-date home care of a baby in a hip spica cast. PMID- 6550779 TI - Pediatric nurse practitioners' knowledge of genetic disease. PMID- 6550780 TI - How about a health fair? PMID- 6550781 TI - A system for summer camp health care. PMID- 6550782 TI - Practice management. Ad valorem. . . according to value. Professional fees and reimbursement. PMID- 6550783 TI - Pediatric management problems. Chickenpox. PMID- 6550784 TI - Pediatric drug information. What sugar substitutes are available and are there any differences between them? PMID- 6550785 TI - Nurse practitioners--publicize or perish! PMID- 6550786 TI - Swaddling and CDH. PMID- 6550787 TI - Is the sensitive period in parent-infant bonding overrated? PMID- 6550789 TI - Incidence of postextraction bacteremia under penicillin cover in children with cardiac disease. AB - To assess the efficacy of penicillin prophylaxis as recommended by the American Heart Association to prevent the onset of bacterial endocarditis, the incidence of postextraction bacteremia was determined in 82 children with cardiac disease who were receiving prophylactic penicillin. Aerobic and anaerobic blood cultures were taken five minutes after dental extraction, as was a blood sample to assay the serum penicillin concentration. The incidence of postextraction bacteremia was 21%. Streptococcal species accounted for half of the number of aerobes isolated. Of the isolated microorganisms, 16% were strict anaerobes. Susceptibility testing of the isolates showed that 24 penicillin-sensitive and eight penicillin-resistant microorganisms caused the bacteremia. There was neither a significant difference between the serum penicillin concentrations of children with and without bacteremia, nor between the serum penicillin concentrations of children with bacteremia due to penicillin-sensitive microorganisms and children with bacteremia due to penicillin-resistant microorganisms. It is concluded that the occurrence of postextraction bacteremia is not prevented by penicillin prophylaxis and that the serum penicillin concentration at extraction is not the discriminating factor in preventing this bacteremia. None of the children developed bacterial endocarditis. It is speculated that mechanisms not thoroughly studied are involved in the prevention of bacterial endocarditis after dental extraction. PMID- 6550788 TI - Follow up of 373 children born after second trimester amniocentesis. PMID- 6550790 TI - Curriculum in diploma programs: its plan and implementation. PMID- 6550792 TI - China: caring is the same. PMID- 6550791 TI - The nucleotide sequence of arginine tRNACCG from bovine liver. AB - The nuclotide sequence of arginine tRNA(CCG) from bovine liver was determined to be: pG-A-C-C-C-A-G-U-m(1)G-m(2)G-C-C-U-A-A-D-Gm-G-A-D-A-A-G-G-C-A-psi-C-A-G-C-Cm U-C-C-G-m(1)G-A-G-C-U-G-G-G-G-A-D-U-G-psi-G-G-G-T-psi-C-G-m(1)A-G-U-C-C-C-A-U-C-U G-G-G-U-C-G-C-C-A(OH). This arginine tRNA is 76 nucleotides in length with 13 modified bases and has an anticodon of CCG. The sequence of this molecule is substantially different from those of other arginine tRNAs sequenced to date and is the only arginine tRNA sequenced which would be expected to recognize the codon CGG.Images PMID- 6550793 TI - Primary health care and nursing education in Latin America. PMID- 6550794 TI - Job opportunities for master's prepared nurses. PMID- 6550795 TI - Prison health--a role for professional nursing. PMID- 6550796 TI - Having it both ways. PMID- 6550797 TI - Understanding international development models. PMID- 6550798 TI - The CGFNS story. PMID- 6550799 TI - China: health care in transition. PMID- 6550801 TI - The best nurses have the essential qualifications before they go to school. Or do they? PMID- 6550800 TI - Second to none. Interview by Caroline Howie. PMID- 6550802 TI - Does mother know best? PMID- 6550803 TI - Developing an understanding of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6550804 TI - 'Am I going to die, nurse?'. PMID- 6550805 TI - Nursing care study: psoriasis. PMID- 6550806 TI - Psychological problems in the treatment of gynaecological malignancy. PMID- 6550807 TI - Establishing a geriatric day hospital. PMID- 6550808 TI - Caring for the carers. PMID- 6550809 TI - Sick pay: the facts. PMID- 6550810 TI - An age-old problem. PMID- 6550811 TI - Keep on your toes! PMID- 6550812 TI - Nursing care study: rehabilitation after cerebrovascular accident. PMID- 6550813 TI - Shock lung. PMID- 6550814 TI - The nursing process: a problem of practical theology. PMID- 6550815 TI - Towards a graduate nurse teacher. PMID- 6550816 TI - A part-time health studies degree course. PMID- 6550817 TI - Nurses studying nursing? PMID- 6550818 TI - On a need for understanding. PMID- 6550819 TI - The nurse's home gourmet guide. PMID- 6550820 TI - Bringing culture into care. PMID- 6550821 TI - Training for childbirth. PMID- 6550823 TI - On the bottom rung. PMID- 6550822 TI - Disposable haemodialysers. PMID- 6550824 TI - A sense of freedom. PMID- 6550825 TI - Facing up to catastrophe. PMID- 6550826 TI - Getting in on the Act. PMID- 6550827 TI - Nursing care study: care of a chronically ill psychiatric patient. PMID- 6550829 TI - Mouth care procedures. PMID- 6550828 TI - Children with leukaemia. PMID- 6550830 TI - Sterile supply managers study day. PMID- 6550831 TI - Breakdown. 5. Anxiety states and phobias. PMID- 6550832 TI - Letters to my nursing officer. 4. About having a staff support group. PMID- 6550833 TI - PACT full of health. PMID- 6550834 TI - Who are the regulars? PMID- 6550835 TI - Body talk. PMID- 6550836 TI - A question of balance. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6550837 TI - Nurse Smith's notes: understanding drug treatment. 7. Aperiants and their use. PMID- 6550838 TI - Breaking down the barriers. PMID- 6550840 TI - What the public thinks. PMID- 6550839 TI - How regions roll on and districts lose out. PMID- 6550841 TI - A new approach to token economies. PMID- 6550842 TI - The story of Jane. PMID- 6550843 TI - Stoma care: a new system for the urostomist. PMID- 6550844 TI - Stoma care: a nurse's struggle to specialise. PMID- 6550845 TI - The stress of change. PMID- 6550847 TI - Management of underwater chest drainage. PMID- 6550846 TI - Management case study: a failure of communication. PMID- 6550848 TI - Incest: a family triangle. PMID- 6550849 TI - Electrical overconfidence. PMID- 6550850 TI - Systems of life No 99. Systems and signs: physical examination in practice. PMID- 6550851 TI - ECT or not ECT: that is the question. PMID- 6550852 TI - Activities of living: a model for nursing. PMID- 6550853 TI - Activities of living: the struggle for independence. Burford: a model for nursing. PMID- 6550854 TI - Me and my ward: 'the key is adaptability'. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6550855 TI - Nursing care study: the 'broken heart syndrome' and the elderly patient. PMID- 6550856 TI - Child health: developments in intensive care. PMID- 6550857 TI - Screening for colorectal cancer. PMID- 6550858 TI - The model railway. PMID- 6550859 TI - Do we really need the process? PMID- 6550860 TI - Carving out a niche for nursing. Interview by Patricia Slack. PMID- 6550861 TI - A profile of sickle cell disease. AB - There is no cure for sickle cell disease. In management our emphasis is on maintenance and palliative treatment. Preventive care, which includes regular medical supervision, adequate nutrition, and sufficient fluid intake, is also desirable. They will be discussed throughout this symposium. We must be instrumental in helping people with sickle cell disease to live life to the fullest within their ability. Learning to accept the illness and cope with its unpredictable flare-ups should be an early goal for all patients and their families. Independence and realistic ambitions are also important areas to be included in our anticipatory guidance. It is encouraging that sickle cell anemia is getting the financial support and continuous attention that it needs as a chronic health problem. There are many questions about the illness that have to be answered, and there is still a cure to be found. These are the challenges of the 1980's. PMID- 6550863 TI - Transfusion therapy in sickle cell disease. PMID- 6550862 TI - Sickle cell disease. The painful episode. PMID- 6550864 TI - Understanding antisickling agents and the sickling process. PMID- 6550865 TI - Psychological considerations in sickle cell disease. PMID- 6550866 TI - Metabolism of vitamins and trace minerals. PMID- 6550867 TI - Gastrointestinal disease: nutritional implications. AB - The management of patients with gastrointestinal disease must include attention to nutritional status. It has been documented that morbidity and mortality previously considered common in these patients can be reduced significantly. Perhaps the largest contribution that advances in nutritional support have made is the reduction in the frequency of surgical intervention. Remission of inflammatory bowel disease, closure of fistulas, intestinal adaptation, and prevention of malnutrition in complicated pancreatitis with the use of nutritional therapies help to avoid the complications of operative procedures. PMID- 6550868 TI - Hepatic disease: nutritional implications. PMID- 6550869 TI - Cardiac and pulmonary diseases: nutritional implications. PMID- 6550870 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 2. Working on two losses. PMID- 6550871 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 2. The ogre of treatment? PMID- 6550872 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 2. A stormy passage. PMID- 6550873 TI - St Lawrence's: behind the headlines. Horror of life on a mental ward. PMID- 6550874 TI - What really happened: the picture I couldn't take. PMID- 6550875 TI - Let's get our priorities right. PMID- 6550876 TI - A different kind of nun. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6550877 TI - Dealing with disaster. Interview by Catharine Sadler. PMID- 6550878 TI - How to pass your exams. PMID- 6550879 TI - Research. Scheme for graduate students. PMID- 6550880 TI - These men worry me. PMID- 6550881 TI - Education: behind the words. PMID- 6550882 TI - Psychology. 5. Phases of transition. PMID- 6550884 TI - Law: in confidence. PMID- 6550883 TI - Education: strategy of the cosmetic. PMID- 6550885 TI - From retina to brain. PMID- 6550886 TI - Nursing care study: cancer of the cervix. PMID- 6550887 TI - Biochemistry. 3. Investigation of coma. PMID- 6550888 TI - Genital herpes. PMID- 6550889 TI - Intensive care nursing. PMID- 6550890 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 3. Planning a pregnancy. PMID- 6550891 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 3. Expecting too much too soon. PMID- 6550892 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 3. "It's lovely now I'm just a mum". PMID- 6550893 TI - If only I had known. PMID- 6550894 TI - Bereavement! a family affair. PMID- 6550896 TI - Practice: the ball is in my court. PMID- 6550895 TI - Mismanaged no more. PMID- 6550897 TI - Education: what makes a professional? PMID- 6550898 TI - Practice: a short sharp shock. Interview by Jean Fitchew. PMID- 6550899 TI - Calling all clinical nurse specialists. PMID- 6550900 TI - Losing weight can be fun. PMID- 6550901 TI - Law: time to speak out. PMID- 6550902 TI - Psychology, 6. Sex: more than the facts. PMID- 6550903 TI - The visual cortex. PMID- 6550904 TI - Biochemistry. 4. Paraquat poisoning. PMID- 6550905 TI - Nursing care study: ten traumatic years. PMID- 6550906 TI - Nursing care study: a punishing procedure. PMID- 6550907 TI - Diabetic nursing. PMID- 6550908 TI - Everything you need to know about shock. PMID- 6550910 TI - Matters of conscience: should a nurse report a nurse? PMID- 6550909 TI - Management: hope for the future. PMID- 6550911 TI - Transform the dream into reality. PMID- 6550912 TI - Psychology. 7. Better than common sense. PMID- 6550913 TI - The politics of health. PMID- 6550914 TI - Professionalism: based on trust. PMID- 6550915 TI - Law: consent to treatment. PMID- 6550916 TI - Biochemistry. 5. Acute iron poisoning. PMID- 6550917 TI - Breast is best for lightweights. PMID- 6550918 TI - Nursing care study: a complicated challenge. PMID- 6550919 TI - Focus on the family. PMID- 6550920 TI - Nursing care study: a combination of problems. PMID- 6550921 TI - Professional studies in nursing. PMID- 6550922 TI - Nursing mirror clinical forum 2. Emergency care of the newborn. PMID- 6550923 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 2. Emergency care of the newborn: squad team in action. PMID- 6550924 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 2. Emergency care of the newborn: neural tube defects! PMID- 6550925 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 2. Emergency care of the newborn: baby with an exomphalos. PMID- 6550926 TI - David Williams - union man. Interview by Tamara Ross. PMID- 6550927 TI - Management of a special hospital: nursing behind bars. PMID- 6550928 TI - Management of regional secure units: first in its field. PMID- 6550929 TI - Management of regional secure units. Distribution of resources. PMID- 6550930 TI - Education: through experience and from experience. PMID- 6550931 TI - Psychology, 4. Skills in action. PMID- 6550932 TI - The language of the classroom. PMID- 6550933 TI - Law: negligent but not liable. PMID- 6550934 TI - All food -- not enough thought. PMID- 6550935 TI - The visual pathway. PMID- 6550936 TI - Nursing care study: action team for a RTA victim. PMID- 6550937 TI - Biochemistry. 2. Use and abuse of salicylates. PMID- 6550938 TI - Paediatric nursing. PMID- 6550939 TI - Nurse administrator--still a nurse. PMID- 6550940 TI - Nurses' notes: valuable legal evidence. PMID- 6550941 TI - Home health care: nursing risks and liability. Case in point: Barcia v. Estate of Keil (413 So. 2d 241 - LA). PMID- 6550942 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. N.Y.: defamation of character: nurse loses. CA: orthopedics: alleged delays in care. PMID- 6550943 TI - Restraints and bedfalls: most frequent accidents. Case inpoint: Washington Hospital Center v. Martin (454 A. 2d 306 - D.C.). PMID- 6550945 TI - Support for view on sex attack victim examinations. PMID- 6550944 TI - College move to aid rape victims. PMID- 6550946 TI - College bid to ease NHS rejig trauma. PMID- 6550947 TI - Nurses attached to GPs should be increased. PMID- 6550948 TI - Nurse manpower planning. PMID- 6550949 TI - Children's fear of hospital staff. PMID- 6550950 TI - Cost of caring is underestimated. PMID- 6550951 TI - Nurses and security problems. PMID- 6550952 TI - Crisis in OH service. PMID- 6550953 TI - Accident and emergency nursing forum conference. PMID- 6550954 TI - Poor prospects for newly qualified. PMID- 6550955 TI - Autonomic dysreflexia. PMID- 6550956 TI - Coping with chronic pain in rheumatoid arthritis: patient behaviors and nursing interventions. PMID- 6550957 TI - Nursing care plan for a pregnant spinal cord injured patient. PMID- 6550959 TI - Night nurse, day nurse: partners in rehabilitation. PMID- 6550960 TI - [Welcoming brochure or log book?]. PMID- 6550958 TI - Rehabilitation nursing in the private sector. PMID- 6550962 TI - [The eye]. PMID- 6550961 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR: principles and applications]. PMID- 6550963 TI - [Medical evaluation of professional risk]. PMID- 6550964 TI - [Acute poisoning in the adult. 1]. PMID- 6550965 TI - [Therapeutics: drug poisoning]. PMID- 6550966 TI - [Leg fractures]. PMID- 6550968 TI - [Electrocution]. PMID- 6550967 TI - [The asylums: elephant cemeteries?]. PMID- 6550969 TI - [Clinical complications of the Swan-Ganz catheter. Retrospective study of 127 patients]. PMID- 6550970 TI - [Thoracic surgery]. PMID- 6550971 TI - [The Poligono de Cartuja health center: one year of accomplishment]. PMID- 6550972 TI - [The nephrological nurse and dying in a renal unit]. PMID- 6550973 TI - [Nutritional needs]. PMID- 6550974 TI - Carry on consultant! PMID- 6550975 TI - In the lobby. PMID- 6550976 TI - [Hospital stress in a maternity unit]. PMID- 6550977 TI - [Hospital stress in a pediatric unit]. PMID- 6550978 TI - [Stress and hemodialysis]. PMID- 6550979 TI - [Always present, often forgotten]. PMID- 6550980 TI - [Hospital stress in a newborn intensive care unit]. PMID- 6550981 TI - [Aggressive manifestations of the health care team toward the hospitalized person]. PMID- 6550982 TI - [Hospital stress in an adult intensive care unit]. PMID- 6550983 TI - [Hospital stress in a cancer unit]. PMID- 6550984 TI - [Stress in geriatrics]. PMID- 6550985 TI - [Departmentalization: a very controversial project]. PMID- 6550986 TI - [Orientation and operation of the school health services department]. PMID- 6550987 TI - [Chronic fetal distress]. PMID- 6550989 TI - [Fetal distress]. PMID- 6550988 TI - [Selection of anesthesia before birth in fetal distress]. PMID- 6550990 TI - [Peridural analgesia in acute and chronic fetal distress]. PMID- 6550991 TI - [Interference between fetal distress and administration of drugs]. PMID- 6550993 TI - [Monitoring and treatment of a newborn infant after fetal distress]. PMID- 6550992 TI - [Acute fetal distress]. PMID- 6550994 TI - [Role of the consultation nurse in the diagnosis of a high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 6550995 TI - [Day care in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 6550996 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of obstetrical care]. PMID- 6550997 TI - [Norway's joint mission and employment policy]. PMID- 6550998 TI - [Primary care conference in Helsingfors]. PMID- 6550999 TI - [Nursing colleges: personnel status and teachers' professional education]. PMID- 6551000 TI - [Health visitor services and nursing services in the community]. PMID- 6551001 TI - [Dare we to evaluate our own practice?]. PMID- 6551002 TI - [Students' experience from the Akersbakken section: professional nursing group guidance]. PMID- 6551004 TI - [Report from an Orem seminar]. PMID- 6551005 TI - [Will the weakest lose what they have?]. PMID- 6551003 TI - [With thanks for a good idea: family organization in the nursing home]. PMID- 6551006 TI - [Why nursing theory?]. PMID- 6551008 TI - [The big question: can the health sector live with the national budget?]. PMID- 6551007 TI - [Project-oriented education and participant management]. PMID- 6551009 TI - [Harmony among people. What to do when conflict arises]. PMID- 6551010 TI - [Public health nurses and current methods in health education]. PMID- 6551011 TI - [Nursing history--is it objective?]. PMID- 6551012 TI - [Project-oriented education and participant management]. PMID- 6551013 TI - [The emperor's new clothes?]. PMID- 6551015 TI - [Starting 16 March: nurses against atomic warfare]. PMID- 6551014 TI - [Rotation in district health services]. PMID- 6551016 TI - [2 answers to Herdis Alvsvag: nursing history--research and objectivity]. PMID- 6551017 TI - [Theory and practice--2 worlds?]. PMID- 6551018 TI - [An impossible road to follow]. PMID- 6551019 TI - [Stop discontinuation of the Norwegian Nurses' Association's educational committee]. PMID- 6551020 TI - [Telemark Central Hospital at the head: Department budget with directors as responsible party]. PMID- 6551021 TI - [We don't need death departments but knowledge and discussion. Interview by Jofrid Bjorkvik]. PMID- 6551022 TI - [Hospice care in Sobell House in Oxford]. PMID- 6551023 TI - [Comprehensive care for premature infants or sick newborn infants]. PMID- 6551024 TI - [Nursing research--for whom? A critical evaluation of the journal "Vard i Norden"]. PMID- 6551025 TI - [The right to reservations--more than an abortion problem]. PMID- 6551026 TI - [Experience following an administration course]. PMID- 6551027 TI - [Nursing personnel education in Sweden and Finland]. PMID- 6551028 TI - [Board of directors. Desired basis for a broad discussion on legal intervention]. PMID- 6551029 TI - [Health care. Strong in the consciousness that we should not give up prevention]. PMID- 6551030 TI - [Both parties would rather have had free negotiations. Interview by Pia Kristensen]. PMID- 6551031 TI - [Technology. Necessary that we get involved in new technology]. PMID- 6551032 TI - [Care of mental patients. The mentally retarded are still being sacrificed on the altar of authorities]. PMID- 6551033 TI - [The only acceptable ending of things]. PMID- 6551034 TI - [Spiritual care. 5. Are patients' rights the same as nurses duties?]. PMID- 6551035 TI - [Hospital capacity. There is a need for knowledge and perspective in the health system]. PMID- 6551036 TI - [A significant education time but not problem-free]. PMID- 6551037 TI - [Again a new national society]. PMID- 6551038 TI - [Nursing care. Pain-free wound treatment with rubber foam]. PMID- 6551040 TI - [Nursing research. Awareness of what we should study and recognition of what that requires]. PMID- 6551039 TI - [Overcrowding. Personnel sick days increase with overcrowding]. PMID- 6551041 TI - [They can talk about turning back to 1980 levels. Interview by Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6551042 TI - [Cut-backs. Copenhagen county cannot observe education agreement. Interview by Kirsten Sorrig]. PMID- 6551043 TI - [Tax orientation for income tax returns 1982]. PMID- 6551044 TI - [Health care. Prevention was a sensible use of resources]. PMID- 6551045 TI - [Hospital capacity. 2. Quality will increase but not resources]. PMID- 6551046 TI - [We should perhaps reveal our intentions to the patient]. PMID- 6551047 TI - [Continued education. We feel ourselves professionally and personally refreshed]. PMID- 6551048 TI - [Child health. School children with at-risk living conditions]. PMID- 6551049 TI - [Is overcrowding at Bispebjerg nearly abolished?]. PMID- 6551050 TI - [Executive Board. Economic activities in the health sector are followed attentively]. PMID- 6551051 TI - [Leadership in nursing. The first step is to know relationships]. PMID- 6551052 TI - [Undocumented allegations on anesthetic gases]. PMID- 6551053 TI - [Student activities. The only ones to be in an organization with registered nurses]. PMID- 6551054 TI - [Nursing research. Research in nursing concerns all of us]. PMID- 6551055 TI - [Responsibility and freedom to attend]. PMID- 6551056 TI - [Production engineers in the hospital system]. PMID- 6551057 TI - [Executive Board. Solidarity around common needs and tactics]. PMID- 6551058 TI - [Hospital capacity. 4. One-day-section double as efficient as stationary wards]. PMID- 6551059 TI - [Serious situation for Copenhagen's nursing home residents]. PMID- 6551060 TI - [Drastic cuts in health care system following reduced block subsidy]. PMID- 6551061 TI - [FTF's opinion. OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) points out that economy does not solve the crisis]. PMID- 6551063 TI - [How do relatives react who do not know the system?]. PMID- 6551062 TI - [Nursing research. Difficult process but with experience of positive development]. PMID- 6551064 TI - [Invitation or challenge to medicine]. PMID- 6551065 TI - [Child health. Revolution in health care can save millions]. PMID- 6551066 TI - [Children in the hospital. Terror-stricken at the thought of what we will do]. PMID- 6551067 TI - [Amnesty's nurses. The world's eyes are on Plaza de Mayo]. PMID- 6551068 TI - [Finland organizes primary health care services]. PMID- 6551069 TI - [Nursing research. Close connection between profession and research]. PMID- 6551071 TI - [The weak position of the nurse]. PMID- 6551070 TI - [Divorce]. PMID- 6551072 TI - [Nurses and the power of medicine I and II]. PMID- 6551073 TI - [The Moerman diet in nursing practice]. PMID- 6551074 TI - [Should small-scale building be preferable for institutes for mentally retarded? Which population groups does it concern?]. PMID- 6551075 TI - [Assisting in the home situation by nurses from the hospital]. PMID- 6551076 TI - [Nursing care of the patient undergoing total intestinal irrigation]. PMID- 6551077 TI - [Epidemiology and nursing. II. A contribution to nursing science]. PMID- 6551078 TI - [Individual localization of the stoma - a dire necessity]. PMID- 6551079 TI - [Probationers of the Higher Professional Nursing Education course in a psychiatric center - surplus, supernumerary or superfluous?]. PMID- 6551080 TI - [Housing of mentally retarded - an overview of the trend-setting ideas]. PMID- 6551081 TI - [How qualified is the ambulance nurse, and will he be even more skilled?]. PMID- 6551082 TI - [Supported development nursing assistants' education. Summary of the initial progress report]. PMID- 6551083 TI - [Patient information and the nurse]. PMID- 6551084 TI - [Developments in the care of artificial kidney patients]. PMID- 6551085 TI - [Artificial eyes]. PMID- 6551086 TI - [Do we have to return to the time of "Charity--Old Paper"? The insertion of volunteers in nursing care services]. PMID- 6551087 TI - [Ambivalence concerning care and rendering of care in our society - one of the handicaps in the professionalization of nurses]. PMID- 6551088 TI - [The usefulness of a pacifier: authorization]. PMID- 6551089 TI - IOL implantation. PMID- 6551090 TI - A guide to the posterior vitrectomy. PMID- 6551091 TI - Interview. PMID- 6551092 TI - Stress and the OR: make it work for you (Part 2). PMID- 6551093 TI - Legal notes. Informed consent: role of the OR nurse. PMID- 6551094 TI - Welcome to Drudgeryland or: nobody knows the trouble I've seen. PMID- 6551096 TI - The development of body image in the child: a learned response. PMID- 6551095 TI - Separation: the forgotten phenomenon of child development. PMID- 6551097 TI - Health education for children. PMID- 6551098 TI - Self-care: health behavior for the school-age child. PMID- 6551099 TI - Technological society: its impact on youth. PMID- 6551100 TI - Adolescent suicide in a technological society. PMID- 6551101 TI - Developmental changes and loneliness during adolescence. PMID- 6551102 TI - Isoelectrofocusing in the study of the Bf system: existence of two common subtypes of the BfF allele. AB - The inherited polymorphism of the properdin factor B (Bf system) was studied by isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel (PAGIF, pH range 5.0-8.0), followed by immunofixation. Using the described technique, two different subtypes of F bands are visible (designated as F' and F"). Studies of 13 families and 48 mother-child pairs are not in contradiction to the assumption of a codominant inheritance by two alleles (BfF' and BfF") at a single locus. PMID- 6551103 TI - Teaching children responsibility for health: one aspect of school nursing. PMID- 6551104 TI - The changing times for maternal and child health services. PMID- 6551105 TI - Researchmanship: maintaining the momentum. PMID- 6551106 TI - The perceived impact of continuing education on the practice of nurses working in acute care facilities. PMID- 6551107 TI - Phenomena and physiological variables of relevance to nursing, review of a decade of work: Part II. PMID- 6551108 TI - Compliance of cancer patients to therapy. PMID- 6551109 TI - A study of nurse administrators' political participation. PMID- 6551110 TI - Self-limiting patterns of nursing behavior within a tripartite context involving consumers and physicians. PMID- 6551111 TI - Ethical issues in nursing research. PMID- 6551112 TI - Using research in practice: some beneficial effects of stress. PMID- 6551113 TI - [SHSTF gives advice in labor tribunal: roentgen holidays are an employment benefit]. PMID- 6551114 TI - [Her research can solve problems with decubitus. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6551115 TI - [Drug abuse among co-workers difficult to tackle]. PMID- 6551116 TI - [Anders Skarin, association's bargaining executive. This is how he thinks about his job, SHSTF and the year's negotiations. Interview by Jan Thomasson and Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6551117 TI - [You want to work abroad: changed regulations for social benefits]. PMID- 6551118 TI - [Are men taking over the SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health and Nursing Employees)?]. PMID- 6551119 TI - [African nurses on a professional visit in Sweden. We have gotten ideas which we shall try to realize at home]. PMID- 6551120 TI - [Inga moves to Norway. Much is like at home--but here physicians make more decisions. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6551121 TI - [Primary nursing in Norway. Both nurses and assistant nurses feel happier now]. PMID- 6551122 TI - [Gertrud Sigurdsen, assistant Minister of Social Affairs: we have no plans for charges for groups at risk. Interview by Kristina Johnson]. PMID- 6551123 TI - [Much can be done for vision-impaired patients]. PMID- 6551124 TI - [School nurse in Stockholm: video and TV watching result in restless and anxious children. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6551125 TI - [Hospital closures in England. Swedish nurse arrested by police when she demonstrated in London]. PMID- 6551126 TI - [English health care taken over by private enterprise]. PMID- 6551127 TI - [This is how you can supervise drug handling in your working place]. PMID- 6551129 TI - [Bo Andersson, professional representative in Langbro: hope reports remain a strong alarm]. PMID- 6551128 TI - [Guidelines for recruitment and employment. 75 percent of on-duty must be regarded as full-time]. PMID- 6551130 TI - I applied too. PMID- 6551131 TI - Nursing practice standards--who needs them? PMID- 6551132 TI - Differences in stress perceived by headnurses across nursing specialities in hospitals. PMID- 6551133 TI - The A.A.R.N. from a student's perspective. PMID- 6551134 TI - Who is the seductive patient? PMID- 6551135 TI - Oral care for cancer patients. PMID- 6551136 TI - When motor nerves die. PMID- 6551137 TI - Hospital nursing vacancies. PMID- 6551138 TI - Hospital-supported child care. PMID- 6551139 TI - One hospital's response - a child care referral service. PMID- 6551140 TI - Supplemental nursing services: how and why are they used? PMID- 6551141 TI - Kawasaki disease: a new threat to children. PMID- 6551142 TI - Keeping the well-elderly well. PMID- 6551144 TI - Help me make it through the night. PMID- 6551143 TI - The legal side. "Do not feed...". PMID- 6551146 TI - Magnet hospitals. Attraction and retention of professional nurses. Task Force on Nursing Practice in Hospitals. American Academy of Nursing. PMID- 6551145 TI - Effect of vanadate on fluid absorption and PAH secretion in isolated proximal tubules. PMID- 6551148 TI - Recommendations for pregnant employee interaction with patients having communicable infectious diseases. AB - The transmission of communicable infectious diseases from hospitalized patients to health care providers is a well-documented phenomenon. This occurrence is of particular concern when the health care worker is a pregnant female and there is worry about the development of a congenital infection or transmission of infection at the time of delivery. Infection control practitioners and Employee Health Service personnel are often consulted by pregnant hospital employees who are concerned about interacting with patients having communicable infectious diseases, and appropriate advice is sought. Since it has often been necessary in the past to consult numerous resources in order to respond to these issues, we have compiled recommendations that can serve as a reference to help ICPs and Employee Health Service personnel deal with these situations. PMID- 6551147 TI - Rubella screening and immunization of health care personnel: critical appraisal of a voluntary program. AB - At our health care center 1161 personnel and students were offered rubella antibody testing. Ninety-two percent were serologically screened or had been previously immunized or previously proven seropositive. Males were more likely to refuse serologic screening than females (p less than 0.01). Sixteen percent of the seroscreened individuals were found seronegative to rubella. Eighty-five percent of seronegative women less than or equal to 24 years old accepted immunization, as compared to 62% of older females and 55% of all males (p less than 0.01). The total cost of the program was over $11,000. Literature and data review failed to support an increased risk of rubella transmission and/or major consequences to pregnant patients in the health care setting as compared to the community. Voluntary rubella immunization is well received by seronegative young women. Programs for immunization of other health care personnel are unlikely to decrease the number of cases of congenital rubella, are costly, and are not well accepted. Education and immunization of all young susceptible women remain the best methods to substantially decrease the incidence of congenital rubella in a cost-effective manner in the near future. PMID- 6551149 TI - An infection control nurse-advisor program. AB - The nurse epidemiologist and department of nursing in a 100-bed acute-care facility designed, implemented, and evaluated a program with the goal of increasing awareness of prevention and control of infection in nursing practice. The method selected was to have a registered nurse volunteer from each unit to serve as nurse-advisor for a 4-month period. Each nurse-advisor was to serve as a resource for the unit, monitor peer practice, identify weaknesses in nursing practice, educate peers, and identify infection problems. At the end of 2 years, 22 nurses had served as nurse-advisors, with 16 in present employment. All areas of the nursing department had participated in the program. Descriptive analysis of the nurse-advisor program after a 2-year study demonstrated it to be an effective method to increase awareness of prevention and control of infection in nursing practice. PMID- 6551150 TI - Human infestation by the pigeon mite: a case report. PMID- 6551152 TI - Let's re-evaluate . . . PMID- 6551153 TI - Social Security mandate for nonprofits. PMID- 6551151 TI - Guideline for prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. PMID- 6551154 TI - Halt military aid to El Salvador, says U.S. health care delegation. Interview by Terry L. Selby. PMID- 6551155 TI - Sample shows decrease in median age of RNs. PMID- 6551156 TI - Education task force offers recommendations for transition. PMID- 6551157 TI - Support growing for nurse education in college. PMID- 6551158 TI - ANA agrees, differs on points in IOM nursing study. PMID- 6551159 TI - Long-term care nurse administrators' roles identified. PMID- 6551160 TI - The fate of neutrophil elastase incorporated by human alveolar macrophages. AB - Although protease-antiprotease imbalance is widely thought to contribute to the genesis of emphysema, the involvement of the alveolar macrophage in this process is poorly defined. We have quantified the uptake of radioiodinated human neutrophil elastase by human alveolar macrophages in monolayer culture and assessed the enzyme's fate during periods as long as 48 h after uptake using molecular sieve chromatography. Approximately half of the radiolabel eluted with enzymatically inactive material of molecular sizes corresponding to either degraded or alpha1-protease-inhibitor-bound elastase. The remainder of the radiolabel eluted at 29,000 daltons, in fractions containing enzyme that solubilized particulate elastin, and likely represented intact neutrophil elastase. Macrophages from smokers and nonsmokers showed similar characteristics of incorporation and disposition of neutrophil elastase. Lysates of uncultured alveolar macrophages from smokers and nonsmokers contained (mean +/- SE, n = 4) 7.4 +/- 0.8 and 3.3 +/- 1.4 ng of neutrophil elastase activity per 10(6) cells, respectively (not significant). However, as smokers have 11-fold more cells obtainable by lavage, the total lavaged elastase loads in alveolar macrophages were 561.7 +/- 72.3 and 21.3 +/- 6.8 (p less than 0.01) in smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. We conclude that the alveolar macrophage may clear and inactivate neutrophil elastase in the lung. In addition, by conserving some ingested elastase in an enzymatically active form, the macrophage may serve as an elastase reservoir. In areas of high macrophage density, as around the respiratory bronchioles of smokers, the macrophage could release a portion of the incorporated elastase and damage lung elastin. PMID- 6551161 TI - Cigarette smoke inhalation potentiates elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters. AB - Cigarette smoke is shown, in this study, to potentiate emphysema induced by intratracheal administration of elastase, whereas elastase alone caused minimal disease. Elastase-treated hamsters with prior or ongoing smoke exposure uniformly had severe emphysema with decreases in lung elastic recoil and increases in mean linear intercept (Lm). In contrast, hamsters receiving elastase alone, cigarette smoke alone, or postelastase cigarette smoke developed no or barely detectable histopathologic evidence of emphysema. Lungs from these animals had normal elastic recoil and Lm. These data support the idea that cigarette smoke exposure may unmask or amplify protease-induced emphysema caused by acute lung injury. PMID- 6551162 TI - pH-dependent oxacillin tolerance of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A proportion of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus exhibit resistance to bactericidal activity of certain antibiotics, despite normal susceptibility to inhibition. This phenomenon is termed "tolerance." The methodology used to determine tolerance varies greatly. To clarify the relationship between laboratory methodology and tolerance, we determined the minimal bactericidal concentrations and minimal inhibitory concentrations for 20 clinical isolates by two methods. Inocula were prepared by either 3-h growth of the organism in Mueller-Hinton broth or overnight (22 to 24 h) cultures in Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.). All inocula were plated for colony counts and tested for pH. An American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, Md.) reference strain was included in all tests for standardization. Tolerance was defined by the strictest criterion, i.e., a minimal bactericidal concentration/minimal inhibitory concentration ratio of greater than or equal to 100. With the first method, none of the 20 isolates displayed tolerance (mean inoculum pH, 7.15). When inocula were grown in Trypticase soy broth with overnight incubation, 35% (7 of 20) showed tolerance (mean inoculum pH, 6.22). There was a significant association between the decreased bactericidal capacity at high oxacillin concentrations and overnight incubation in Trypticase soy broth (P less than 0.01). We suggest that tolerance in staphylococci is in some way related to the pH value of the inoculating culture. Such pH-induced tolerance may have a clinical corollary in sequestered infections where the pH is acidic. PMID- 6551163 TI - Nursing in the 80's: the critical issues. PMID- 6551164 TI - Orthovanadate induces loss of muscarinic cholinergic binding sites. AB - In homogenates of corpus striatum from rats, incubated in the presence of adenosine triphosphate (2 mM) (45 min, 37 degrees C), a loss (approx. 50%) of muscarinic cholinergic binding sites could be detected using a 3H-3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (3H-3-QNB) binding assay. We found that only vanadium-contaminated ATP induced loss of muscarinic binding sites. Orthovanadate (1 mM) alone in the absence of ATP induced loss (approx. 60%) of binding sites just as "vanadium-ATP" did. PMID- 6551165 TI - Modification of amino groups in porcine pancreatic elastase with polyethylene glycol in relation to binding ability towards anti-serum and to enzymic activity. AB - Porcine pancreatic elastase was modified by activated polyethylene glycol (2-0 methoxy-polyethyleneglycol-4, 6-dichloro-s-triazine) with molecular weight of 5000. The modification of elastase in which three amino groups out of the total four amino groups in the molecular gave rise to a complete loss of the binding ability towards anti-elastase serum from rabbit. The modified enzyme showed 35% of the original enzymic activity towards succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine-p nitroanilide and 17% towards casein. The heat-denatured collagen was also digested by the modified elastase, but the enzymic activity towards the elastin substrate was completely lost. The inhibition of the modified elastase activity by alpha 2-macroglobulin was found to be lesser than that of non-modified elastase. PMID- 6551166 TI - Compliance of the hemodialysis patient. PMID- 6551167 TI - Dialysis training exercise for improved staff awareness. PMID- 6551168 TI - Nephrology and the future: directions and aspirations. PMID- 6551169 TI - Creativity in nephrology nursing. PMID- 6551170 TI - Life liners: a multidisciplinary approach to patient education. PMID- 6551171 TI - Preschool siblings at birth: short-term effects. PMID- 6551172 TI - Perinatal death: grief support for families. PMID- 6551174 TI - Not identifying the sources of the recent decline in perinatal mortality rates. PMID- 6551173 TI - Roundtable. V. Diet therapy and the improvement of pregnancy outcomes. PMID- 6551175 TI - Identifying the sources of the recent decline in perinatal mortality rates in California: two commentaries and a reply. PMID- 6551176 TI - Outcomes of father involvement in pregnancy and birth. PMID- 6551177 TI - Assembly and breakdown of mammalian protein synthesis initiation complexes: regulation by guanine nucleotides and by phosphorylation of initiation factor eIF 2. AB - Eukaryotic cell polypeptide chain initiation factor eIF-2 forms ternary complexes with GTP and initiator Met-tRNAf. These complexes can be destabilized in vitro by the addition of salt-washed 40S ribosomal subunits. Our evidence suggests that this destabilization is mediated by GDP generated by premature hydrolysis of the GTP molecule present in the ternary complex. With complexes formed by using a partially purified preparation of eIF-2 from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, it is possible to reverse the 40S subunit induced inhibition by creating conditions which eliminate free GDP from the system. This reversal probably occurs due to exchange of GTP for the GDP bound to the initiation factor, in a reaction catalyzed by another factor present in the eIF-2 preparation. However, if the eIF 2 has previously been phosphorylated by the reticulocyte heme-controlled repressor, the 40S subunit induced inhibition cannot be reversed by elimination of free GDP. The instability of initiation complexes containing eIF-2, together with the impairment of guanine nucleotide exchange after phosphorylation of eIF-2 [Clemens, M.J., Pain, V.M., Wong, S.-T., & Henshaw, E. C. (1982) Nature (London) 296, 93-95], may be an important aspect of the mechanism of the inhibition of translation by the heme-controlled repressor. PMID- 6551178 TI - Changes in aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid conformation upon association with elongation factor Tu-guanosine 5'-triphosphate. fluorescence studies of ternary complex conformation and topology. AB - The association of aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) with elongation factor Tu.GTP to form an aa-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex was investigated by using two different fluorescent probes, both of which monitored structural changes near the juncture of the two arms of the L-shaped tRNA. Aminoacylation of tRNAPhe-F8, a functionally active analogue of tRNAPhe with a fluorescein moiety covalently attached to the s4U-8 base, did not cause a change in the fluorescence emission intensity. However, when EF-Tu.GTP bound to Phe-tRNAPhe-F8, the emission intensity increased by approximately 30%, depending upon the solvent conditions. About half of this increase in fluorescence was due to an increase in the molar absorptivity of the fluorescein dye. Ternary complex formation did not alter the rate of iodide ion quenching of the Phe-tRNAPhe-F8 fluorescence. Since solvent access to fluorescein was not reduced when EF-Tu.GTP was bound to Phe-tRNAPhe-F8, the fluorescence intensity change noted above was not caused by a direct interaction between fluorescein and EF-Tu. Instead, the binding of EF-Tu.GTP to the aa-tRNA resulted in a conformational change in the aa-tRNA near s4U-8. Ternary complex formation also altered the nature of the single strong binding site for ethidium in unfractionated and unmodified aa-tRNA. However, ethidium binding to its strong site was not blocked. These results indicate that only the acceptor-T psi C arm of aa-tRNA interacts directly with EF-Tu.GTP and that the anticodon-D arm is available for direct interaction with the ribosome during recognition. Our data also suggest that EF-Tu facilitates protein biosynthesis by ensuring that every aa-tRNA is in a particular (possibly the same) conformation prior to initiation of the recognition process at the ribosomal complex. PMID- 6551179 TI - Characterization of the effects of cultured vascular cells on the activation of blood coagulation. AB - The coagulant properties of intact bovine vascular cells (aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells) and human vascular cells (cutaneous and foreskin microvascular cells, umbilical venous endothelium) grown in vitro were studied. Compared to nonvascular cells (fibroblasts, corneal endothelial cells, fetal lung or intestinal mucosal cells), vascular cells had little procoagulant activity. Radioimmunologic measurement of thrombin in recalcified plasma demonstrated markedly lower concentrations of thrombin in the presence of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells compared to corneal endothelial and fetal lung cells. The low thrombin concentrations were not a consequence of thrombin binding to the vascular cells nor were they due to accelerated thrombin inactivation by antithrombin-III or alpha 2-macroglobulin. Neither vascular cells nor the nonvascular cells promoted contact activation of plasma as measured by a sensitive specific assay for kallikrein. Studies with intact cell monolayers and purified factors VIIa and X indicated that while nonvascular cells express tissue factor activity, vascular cells do not exhibit this property. These data suggest that the nonthrombogenic nature of intact vascular cells is due to their failure to initiate contact activation and to express tissue factor activity. In addition, the primary difference in coagulant potential between vascular cells and nonvascular cells is the lack of tissue factor expression by the vascular cells. PMID- 6551180 TI - A time for renewal - I, too, say yes. Keynote address to the 1983 House of Delegates. PMID- 6551181 TI - Statement on nurses' working conditions and morale. PMID- 6551182 TI - Showing nursing's dollar value. PMID- 6551183 TI - The pioneers: "more daring, more naive." History of collective bargaining in California. PMID- 6551184 TI - Nursing on the high seas. Interview by Judith Banning. PMID- 6551185 TI - Decision-making in a crisis situation. PMID- 6551186 TI - Evacuation of a neonatal unit. PMID- 6551187 TI - Loss, stress and the diabetic surgical patient. PMID- 6551188 TI - Abuse of the elderly. PMID- 6551189 TI - Infant resuscitation, a postpartum emergency for all concerned. PMID- 6551190 TI - Maximizing your ICU patient's sensory and perceptual environment. PMID- 6551191 TI - Urology nursing team in action. PMID- 6551194 TI - Postpericardiotomy syndrome. Part I. Manifestations. PMID- 6551192 TI - Tumor-reactive IgE antibodies in plasma of patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas. AB - A total of 208 plasma samples from 115 patients with gastrointestinal carcinomas and nine patients with other intestinal disease were examined for the presence of IgE tumor antibodies by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Approximately one-third of the patients gave significant reactions with gastrointestinal carcinoma extracts compared with normal tissue extracts. Absorption with tumor and normal tissue extracts, with type AB human red cells, and with CEA indicated tumor specificity in some of the samples so examined. None of the 50 serum samples tested from normal blood donors contained tumor-specific IgE. IgE tumor antibodies decreased or completely disappeared in the majority of patients 8-13 days after surgical treatment. PMID- 6551193 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay to detect antibodies produced by hybridomas to antigens derived from human melanoma cells. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay to detect antibodies that react with antigens derived from human melanoma cells is described. A soluble preparation derived from Nonidet P-40 lysates of tissue-cultured melanoma cells was dried on the surfaces of wells of polyvinyl chloride microtiter plates and fixed with 0.02% glutaraldehyde. Antibody preparations were added and incubated for 18 h at 4 degrees C. The wells were washed and bound antibodies were detected using radioactive Staphyloccoccal protein A (125I-SpA). Optimal conditions are described for all the steps employed. Concentrations of antigen selected, the amount of 125I-SpA employed and the duration of incubation of antibodies with antigen were found to be critical. The assay was sensitive and reproducible, and lent itself to the simultaneous evaluation of many individual antibody samples in a short period of time. The assay was particularly valuable for rapid screening of hybridoma supernatants for antibodies to antigens derived from melanoma cells and from a panel of other tumor and normal cells. PMID- 6551195 TI - Infection control update! AIDS . . . acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6551196 TI - Testicular cancer. PMID- 6551197 TI - Fundamentals of long bone traction. PMID- 6551198 TI - Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6551199 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6551200 TI - Fundamentals of long bone traction. Part II. PMID- 6551201 TI - Peritoneal shunting for hydrocephalus. PMID- 6551202 TI - Electrocardiography update! Torsades de pointes. PMID- 6551203 TI - Emergency care update! "Call the paramedics"! PMID- 6551204 TI - Documentation: asset or liability? PMID- 6551205 TI - A teaching module. EKG interpretation in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6551206 TI - Cardiac catherization. PMID- 6551207 TI - Patients must be flat in bed when hemodynamic pressures are being measured. PMID- 6551208 TI - Cough-CPR and a new theory of blood flow. PMID- 6551209 TI - Craniocerebral trauma. PMID- 6551210 TI - Tetanus: a challenge to nursing. PMID- 6551211 TI - A new method of fluid injection for cardiac output determination. PMID- 6551213 TI - Acute care of the patient with a pulmonary embolism due to venous thromboemboli. PMID- 6551212 TI - Aminophylline injection, USP (theophylline ethylenediamine). PMID- 6551214 TI - Nursing management in critical care units. "Managing conflict". PMID- 6551215 TI - "Personal liability insurance coverage". PMID- 6551216 TI - EKG of the month. Heart block. PMID- 6551217 TI - Staff development program for critical care nurses. PMID- 6551218 TI - "Reye's syndrome". PMID- 6551219 TI - Standardized infusion concentrations of cardiovascular drugs. PMID- 6551220 TI - Your mystery arrhythmia strips. PMID- 6551221 TI - Human neutrophil elastase within human alveolar macrophages. Implications for lung injury. PMID- 6551222 TI - Elastolytic proteinases of the human macrophage. PMID- 6551223 TI - Cigarette smoke-elastase interactions in the pathogenesis of emphysema. PMID- 6551224 TI - Mobility and function in proteins and nucleic acids. PMID- 6551225 TI - Flexibility in tobacco mosaic virus. AB - Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) particles are rod-like, 300 nm long and 18 nm in diameter. TMV consists of 2140 protein subunits, each with a relative molecular mass of 17420 (158 residues), arranged on a helix of pitch 2.3 nm with 16 1/3 subunits per turn. Winding through this helix is a single strand of RNA 6400 nucleotides long. Three bases are bound to each protein subunit. TMV has a central hole of diameter 4.0 nm. Assembly of TMV occurs by the threading of the RNA through the central hole of the growing rodlet of viral coat protein and involves a preassembled double disk as intermediate. Given the structure of the subunit, such a mechanism requires that the segment of polypeptide chain which separates the nucleic acid binding site from the lumen of the cylinder should be able to move out of the way during the assembly process. Evidence from diffraction studies and from proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy points to a segment of about 20 amino acid residues being very flexible in the disk. In the helical virus these residues take on a well-defined conformation which completely shields the nucleic acid from the central channel. PMID- 6551226 TI - The molecular basis of muscle contraction. AB - Muscle contraction takes place by the cyclic interaction of two-stranded helical actin filaments with protuberances from the myosin filaments known as cross bridges. The nature of the contractile process demands that the myosin cross bridge be highly polymorphic. Biochemical evidence points to the cross-bridge having a domain structure such that contraction may be a manifestation of the rearrangement of these subunits. An essential step in contraction may be the initial binding of a small hinged domain of the cross-bridge (the 'nose-cone') to actin, followed by a series of changes ending in the formation of a second union (the rigor bond) with an actin monomer in the neighbouring strand of the actin helix. PMID- 6551227 TI - Actin-induced changes in the dynamics of myosin subfragment-1 detected by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Analysis of high resolution 1H NMR spectra for myosin and myosin subfragment-1 (S 1) indicates that S-1 has an unusual structure, about 20% of which is mobile. The rest of the myosin molecule and F-actin are rigid by comparison. A wide variety of perturbations do not affect the S-1 internal mobility and suggest that the mobile structure is located in the interior of S-1. Actin binding uniquely quenches the internal motions entirely. The F and G forms have a similar effect. Nucleotide binding restores the internal motions under conditions known to cause dissociation of the acto-S-1 complex. A model of force generation by the actomyosin-nucleotide system, which incorporates this striking actin-induced change in S-1 structural dynamics, is proposed and discussed. PMID- 6551228 TI - Triplet anisotropy decay measurements of DNA internal motion. AB - Triplet anisotropy decay techniques have been used to measure the internal flexibility and overall rotational motions of DNA over a time range of 15 ns to 200 microseconds. Nearly monodisperse DNA fragments with lengths varying from 65 to 600 base pairs were studied using the intercalating dye methylene blue as a triplet probe. The slow end-over-end tumbling of short DNA fragments (less than 165 base pairs) is as predicted for a rigid rod. As expected, a longer DNA fragment (600 base pairs) experiences slow segmental motions of its helix axis. At the earliest times, anisotropy decays more rapidly than expected for a rigid rod, suggesting that, when it is bound, methylene blue monitors fast internal motions of the helix. Since the rod-like end-over-end tumbling rules out fast bending motions (for short DNA fragments), the fast components of DNA anisotropy decay must be due to twisting motions of the helix, occurring with a time constant near 50 ns. The same techniques were used to measure the conformational flexibility of DNA in the nucleosome. It is concluded that, when the DNA helix is wrapped to form a nucleosome, it experiences substantial internal flexibility, occurring with a time constant near 30 ns. The amplitude and time-scale of this motion appear to be similar to that seen in the uncomplexed DNA helix. PMID- 6551229 TI - Local and collective motions in protein dynamics. PMID- 6551230 TI - Soliton theory of protein dynamics. PMID- 6551231 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of mobility in proteins. PMID- 6551232 TI - The role of mobility in the substrate binding and catalytic machinery of enzymes. AB - Recent theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated that proteins are fluctuating systems capable of large, seemingly random, excursions from the equilibrium conformation. Attention is now focusing on the functional consequences of these motions. X-ray diffraction is a powerful tool for mapping the spatial distribution of protein dynamics; studies on the temperature dependence of the apparent Debye-Waller factors of crystalline myoglobin demonstrate that proteins are flexible in the solid state. Crystallographic studies of a Michaelis complex of ribonuclease A show that a mobile lysine adapts its conformation to the changes in stereochemistry and charge distribution in the substrate during catalysis. The structure of the triose phosphate isomerase substrate complex shows that a mobile region of 10 amino acids becomes ordered when ligand binds. These studies suggest several roles for protein mobility in enzymic catalysis: providing access to internal sites, allowing changes in substrate structure during the reaction, and reducing the observed binding constant of substrate and product to the enzyme by decreasing entropy. A flexible enzyme also does not need a communication system to signal binding or transformation, since a pre-existing equilibrium can be used. More speculative ideas, such as the guiding of thermal vibrations along the reaction coordinate, can only be tested when more detailed data are available. PMID- 6551233 TI - The mobility of calcium-trigger proteins and its function. AB - Trigger activity implies the transfer of the energy of a signal to some amplified (energy) response. Actions in cells, from calcium concentration changes to major protein reorganization are discussed here. The changes must be fast, so mobile polymers must be involved. The first step is the calcium on/off binding to its receptor, calmodulin, troponin C or a comparable protein. Calcium binding is to a loop, EF-hand, between helices. The structures and internal mobilities of these proteins are described using nuclear magnetic resonance and the temperature dependence of NMR shifts. It is suggested that these proteins illustrate a general working hypothesis that proteins made from interacting helices as opposed to beta-sheet proteins will have relatively easy internal main chain motions. Loops connecting the helices then provide particularly obvious read-out points, for example of the initial message of calcium binding. These and other regions of loose structure appear to be associated with highly charged sequences. The further transfer of the trigger message is to highly mobile sequences in troponin I, troponin T and tropomyosin. PMID- 6551235 TI - Malaria and the red cell. PMID- 6551234 TI - Mobility and function in elastin and collagen. AB - 13C- and 2H-labelled amino acids have been incorporated into elastin and collagen and rotational correlation times of the labelled sites have been derived from an analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation parameters and line-shapes. The elastin experiments were designed to discriminate between the various models that have been proposed to account for the rubber-like elasticity of elastin. The correlation times of carbonyl carbons of the elastin backbone show that elastin chains are very flexible at the molecular level. In addition, the molecular dynamics and viscoelastic behaviour of elastin are well correlated over a wide range of temperatures and solvents. These results all support the rubber-like network model of elastin structure. The collagen experiments were designed to investigate the intermolecular interactions between molecules in collagen fibres. Correlation times of labelled sites in the collagen backbone and side-chains show that substantial flexibility, especially of the side-chains, takes place in reconstituted (non-cross-linked) collagen fibrils. Therefore, the interactions between side-chains that presumably direct and stabilize the fibrillar assembly take place in fluid domains. The molecular flexibility is not affected by the presence of cross-links but is absent when the collagen is mineralized. PMID- 6551236 TI - Metabolism and surface transport of parasitized erythrocytes in malaria. AB - Plasmodium requires a living cell for growth and reproduction. Intraerythrocytically the parasite stores no reserve carbohydrate, relying entirely on host-supplied glucose and certain amino acids (glutamic acid) for its energy. Plasmodia are microaerophiles degrading glucose primarily to lactate rather than to CO2. The limited amounts of oxygen utilized may serve for biosynthetic purposes (e.g. pyrimidine biosynthesis) rather than being involved in an energy-yielding electron transport chain. Evidence for a parasite pentose pathway is weak since glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has rarely been found; paradoxically, activity for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, the next enzyme in the pathway, is consistently identified. The parasites synthesize pyrimidines de novo, but being incapable of de novo purine biosynthesis they require preformed purines. Exogenously supplied purine, notably hypoxanthine derived from catabolism of erythrocytic ATP, is taken up and incorporated whereas pyrimidines are not. The capacity for de novo amino acid biosynthesis is limited and presumably haemoglobin supplies most of the amino acids required by the parasite. Degradation of haemoglobin, involving parasite proteases, notably a cathepsin D like enzyme, leaves a characteristic golden-brown residue, haemozoin. Haemozoin consists of dimers of ferriprotoporphyrin IX, methaemoglobin and plasmodial proteins. For some species, isoleucine and methionine must be supplied exogenously for good plasmodial growth. Infected erythrocytes characteristically show altered permeability properties, changes which in large part contribute to parasite growth while at the same time impairing red cell function. PMID- 6551237 TI - Maturation of the intracellular parasite and antigenicity. AB - The protein antigens synthesized by the malarial parasite change as the parasite matures, with a number of proteins showing strict stage-specificity. A detailed correlation between the stage-specificity of protein synthesis and parasite structure has yet to be established, but a number of proteins synthesized in the cycle are lost selectively during merozoite escape and reinvasion. These antigens are presumably associated with structures utilized and ultimately lost during this process. Particular interest has focused on some greater than 200K proteins identified as being on the surface of infected erythrocytes and internally and on the surface of merozoites. Smaller parasite proteins have also been identified in the erythrocyte membrane. The erythrocyte itself, including its membrane, is much modified by parasite growth. Changes include the presence of new cytoplasmic structures and differences in the surface labelling and isoantigenic characteristics of the surface membrane. An appreciation of the variability and specificity of exposed parasite antigens, and their relationship to newly exposed isoantigens, is central to our understanding of protective immunity to malaria. PMID- 6551238 TI - Erythrocyte membrane structure and function. AB - The structure and function of the proteins of the human erythrocyte membrane are discussed. The major integral proteins comprise the anion transport protein (band 3), the glucose transporter and four sialic acid-rich polypeptides. The anion transport protein equilibrates Cl- and HCO-3 between the plasma and red cell and also provides an anchorage site for peripheral proteins including those in the red cell cytoskeleton. The sialic acid-rich proteins are predominantly exposed at the surface of the cell. The bulk of the peripheral proteins are organized in a complex fashion to form a skeletal meshwork at the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane which maintains the shape and deformability of the red cell. The changes in membrane components during differentiation of the red cell are discussed. PMID- 6551239 TI - Structural alteration of the erythrocyte membrane during malarial parasite invasion and intraerythrocytic development. AB - Erythrocyte entry by malarial merozoites causes structural alteration of the erythrocyte membrane. First, entry into erythrocytes by merozoites requires the formation of a junction between the erythrocyte membrane and the apical end of the merozoite. Secondly, migration of the junction parallel to the long axis of the merozoite brings the merozoite into an invagination of the erythrocyte membrane. Freeze-fracture studies show that the junction consists of a narrow band of rhomboidally arrayed intramembrane particles (IMP) on the P face of the erythrocyte membrane and matching rhomboidally arrayed pits on the E face. IMP on the P face of the erythrocyte membrane disappear beyond this junction, resulting in the absence of IMP from the P face of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane which originated from the erythrocyte membrane. The erythrocyte membrane is sealed off by fusion of the junction at the posterior end of the merozoite in the fashion of an iris diaphragm. After completing its entry into the erythrocyte the merozoite is surrounded by a parasitophorous vacuole membrane which is different in its molecular organization from the original erythrocyte membrane. In addition, two types of erythrocyte membrane modification are induced by intraerythrocytic parasites. They include electron-dense protrusions called knobs and caveola-vesicle complexes along the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6551240 TI - The critical care nurse's duty to herself. PMID- 6551241 TI - Process-oriented patient education. PMID- 6551242 TI - Education for the critically ill adolescent. PMID- 6551243 TI - Improving estimation of blood loss. PMID- 6551244 TI - Administering calcium-channel blocking agents. PMID- 6551246 TI - Coping tasks in critical care. PMID- 6551245 TI - Using radial artery palpation to monitor blood pressure. PMID- 6551247 TI - Preventing complications in the pancreatoduodenectomy patient. PMID- 6551248 TI - Expanded roles in critical care: nurse practitioner or clinical specialist? PMID- 6551249 TI - Progress in educating the diabetic patient. PMID- 6551250 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis as a treatment for diabetic patients with end stage renal disease. PMID- 6551251 TI - A competency based diabetes diet program. PMID- 6551252 TI - An interagency effort for media development. PMID- 6551253 TI - [Whooping cough in children and adults]. PMID- 6551254 TI - [Drug therapy of ischemic heart disease in middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 6551255 TI - [Diet therapy of chronic circulatory failure]. PMID- 6551256 TI - [Functional characteristics of the cardiovascular system of schoolchildren]. PMID- 6551257 TI - [Achalasia of the cardia and pregnancy]. PMID- 6551258 TI - [Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer in the elderly]. PMID- 6551259 TI - [Stages in the development of the secondary medical school]. PMID- 6551260 TI - [Diverticular disease of the large intestine]. PMID- 6551261 TI - [Speech recovery in aphasic patients in the early stage after a stroke]. PMID- 6551262 TI - [Thermal burns and burn disease]. PMID- 6551263 TI - [First aid antishock measures in rural districts]. PMID- 6551264 TI - [Hygiene instruction of those working with poisonous chemicals]. PMID- 6551265 TI - [Characteristics of the work of paramedical personnel in a day hospital for the mentally ill]. PMID- 6551266 TI - [So-called minor infections]. PMID- 6551267 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections]. PMID- 6551268 TI - [Social medicine aspects of multiple trauma in children]. PMID- 6551269 TI - [Importance of spinal cord puncture in craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6551270 TI - [Septic shock in obstetrics]. PMID- 6551271 TI - [Psychomotor agitation states]. PMID- 6551272 TI - [Dispensary care of infants in the neonatal period]. PMID- 6551273 TI - [Writer's cramp in childhood]. PMID- 6551274 TI - [Neurodermatitis]. PMID- 6551275 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of brain stroke at the prehospitalization stage]. PMID- 6551276 TI - [Use of anticoagulants]. PMID- 6551277 TI - [Oral hygiene is an important factor in preventing dental caries]. PMID- 6551279 TI - [Paraffin treatment]. PMID- 6551278 TI - [Importance of the circadian biological rhythm in obstetrics]. PMID- 6551280 TI - [Vaccine prophylaxis of poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6551281 TI - [Ascariasis and trichocephaliasis]. PMID- 6551282 TI - Writing for publication. PMID- 6551283 TI - Assessing the patient with acute aortic dissection. PMID- 6551284 TI - Streptokinase therapy. PMID- 6551285 TI - Carotid-cavernous fistula. PMID- 6551286 TI - The enhancing image of Connie Curran. PMID- 6551287 TI - A framework for assessing baccalaureate programs in nursing. PMID- 6551288 TI - Legal issues in nursing. Reasonableness and forseeability. PMID- 6551289 TI - Postoperative hypothermia. PMID- 6551290 TI - [Radiotherapy of recurrences of endometrial carcinoma]. AB - In a retrospective study the data of 79 patients undergoing radiation-therapy for recurrent endometrial cancer during the years 1972-1978 were evaluated. Group I consisted of 43 patients, who primarily underwent irradiation, group II consisted of 36 patients, who primarily underwent surgery (total abdominal hysterectomy) mostly without irradiation. All patients were primarily classified as FIGO-stage I, the median age was 69 and 67 years respectively. In 32 cases (74%) of group I the localisation of the recurrence was the uterus, in 8 (19%) the vagina and in 3 (7%) the small pelvis. In group II a vaginal recurrence was found in 25 patients (69%), in 11 (31%) a pelvic recurrence. In two thirds of all cases the recurrences were diagnosed within three years of the primary treatment. Late recurrences after 5 years occurred in group I in 10%, in group II twice as often. The treatment of all recurrences was irradiation. 54 patients (68%) died within 2 years, 25 survived their recurrence for more than 2 years, (32%). In group I 23% survived for more than 2 years, in group II 42%. At the time of performance of the study the 5-year-survival-rate is 13%. Thus in two thirds of patients we succeeded in extending the survival for at least 2 years. The prognosis of a recurrence following surgery is distinctly better than following primary intracavitary irradiation. 56% of vaginal recurrences following primary surgery survived more than 2 years. The 5-year-survival-rate was similar in these vaginal recurrences however to the uterine recurrences following primary irradiation. The prognosis of patients undergoing primary surgery was the better, the later the recurrence occurred. PMID- 6551291 TI - [Intraoperative lymphoscintigraphy in radical surgery of cancer]. AB - The use of a gamma-camera operating table and the intraoperative lymphoscintigraphy using 99mTc-Antimony sulfide in radical surgery of carcinoma of the breast allows a better control of axillary lymphadenectomy. Remained lymph nodes are localized by an indicator filled with technetium and removed secondarily. Due to this technique it is possible to control and increase the extent of the axillary lymphadenectomy. Since the introduction of intraoperative axillary lymphoscintigraphy 83 patients were treated by mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy. In 48 cases complete lymphadenectomy could be obtained. PMID- 6551292 TI - [The kinetics of the lower urinary tract following radical surgery and radiation therapy in patients with cervical cancer]. PMID- 6551293 TI - [Fragmentation of intra-uterine contraceptive devices during their extraction]. AB - Three cases are reported in which the lateral arm of the intra-uterine contraceptive device had broken off. The fragmentation of the intrauterine contraceptive device was observed during spontaneous expulsion and during extraction. The broken off portions of the intra-uterine devices were not located by sonography, radiography or computer tomography. In two of three cases the diagnosis was not made by hysteroscopy. In one case the remaining parts of the intra-uterine device were removed by curettage. The problems from partial perforation and embedding of the fragments are discussed and the management described. A hysteroscopic diagnosis and extraction the fragments is recommended. PMID- 6551294 TI - [Termination of pregnancy on the grounds of foetal indication--seen from a gynaecologist's viewpoint]. AB - As far as the Federal Republic of Germany is concerned, the legal basis of "foetal" indication is, under the aspects of legal philosophy, exclusively directed at the question whether continuation or termination of pregnancy can be expected of, or tolerated by, the pregnant mother. This creates both for the parents and for the physician who is expected to become active or to remain inactive, a particularly tragic conflict arising from the confrontation with the child, which is either certain to be, or suspected of being, seriously diseased, handicapped or deformed or teratoid; this is, so to say, a second dimension of the indication for induced abortion. The conflict situation between the doctor, the patient and the child is analysed in this article on the basis of consultation talks; in such discussions, the doctor is unable to pass any verdict on the value of diseased human life, using medical categories of thinking. The article points out the necessity of acquiring a firm mental hold on the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis and the foetal indication for termination of pregnancy; in this connection, the article explains which of the relevant diseases can be diagnosed by the intrauterine route, with particular emphasis on the rapid development of improved methods of diagnosis which are likely to evolve in the foreseeable future. PMID- 6551295 TI - [Stress incontinence: a critical evaluation of diagnosis and treatment]. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence remain controversial. For the diagnosis different methods are used which yield divergent results. Only correlation of different methods and results give a satisfactory diagnosis. Stress incontinence needs individualized operations. Several operative methods are available. Unstable bladders need to be recognized prior to operation and treated conservatively. Many times a combined operative and conservative management is necessary. PMID- 6551296 TI - [Changes in the fetal cardio-vascular system in cases of intra-uterine growth retardation ( a measurement of the cardiac volume and the cardiac flow by the Doppler method)]. AB - In 28 patients with suspected intra-uterine growth retardation during the last trimester of pregnancy the cardiac volume measurements and the flow measurements by the Doppler method showed diminished values. The suspicion of growth retardation was later confirmed by the birth weight. Changes of the cardio vascular system in the foetus therefore are helpful in the diagnosis of intra uterine growth retardation. Other parameters such as cardio-tocography, L/S ratio and hormone determinations are also used in the diagnosis. PMID- 6551297 TI - [Detection and clinical significance of free circulating IgG immune complexes in EPH (edema, proteinuria, hypertension) gestosis]. AB - With enzyme linked immunosorbent assays, using a solid phase Clq method, we determined free circulating immunocomplexes (CIC) in the serum of 47 pregnant women. In 30 normal pregnant women without EPH gestosis no CIC could be found. 3 normal pregnant women showed temporary CIC after viral infections. In 7 women with slight gestosis no traceable CIC concentrations were present. All 7 patients with medium or severe gestosis had clearly positive CIC levels simultaneous with hypertension and during the further course of the pregnancy. Hospitalisation and antihypertensive therapy had to be carried out because of increasing symptoms of gestosis. Thus only in medium and severe gestoses clearly demonstrable CIC concentrations could be measured. The presence of free circulating CIC might be a prognostically unfavourable indication for the further course of an EPH gestosis. PMID- 6551298 TI - [A comparative study on the obstetric aspects of epidural anaesthesia]. AB - A retrospective analysis of 2,130 deliveries in 1980 was done. 42.21% of the women had epidural anaesthesia (EDA). They were compared with the 57.79% of the women, who did not have EDA. Decisive differences in both groups concerning age, fetal malposition, birth weight, umbilical artery pH and the Apgar score after one minute were not noted. There were more primiparous women in the EDA group and more women with a nationality other than German in the control group. Frequency of instrumental vaginal deliveries was extremely high in the EDA group as compared with the control group. In the EDA group a prolongation of labour especially the third stage was observed. A cesarian section due to an arrest in the process of labour was more often performed in the EDA group than in the control group. The suggestion is made that the relaxation of the pelvic floor and the diminuation of the bearing down reflex in EDA leads to a prolongation of labour and an increased instrumental delivery rate. PMID- 6551299 TI - [Post-operative complications following Caesarean section. A comparative study of the years 1957-1958 and 1977-1978]. AB - 104 Caesarean sections of the Obstetric Department of the University in Hamburg Eppendorf of the years 1957-1958 were compared with 399 Caesarean sections of the years 1977-1978 in a retrospective study. An attempt was made to correlate the post-operative complications with possible causes. There was a marked rise in wound infections, endometritis, post-operative pyrexia and a decrease of thromboembolic complications and retained lochia. Differences in the old and new years were in the management of labour, the operative technique and the post operative treatment. In the Caesarean sections of 1977 to 1978 a clear cut correlation between wound infections uterine complications and pyrexia and the number of vaginal examination following rupture of the membranes the duration of rupture of the membranes and the length of labour was found. To reduce the post operative complication rate at attempt should be made to reduce the number of vaginal examinations, to be stringent in the indications for rupture of the membranes and to avoid delay in inevitable Caesarean sections. PMID- 6551300 TI - [Postoperative changes of plasma amino acids following abdominal and vaginal hysterectomy]. AB - This study on the metabolism of amino-acids following gynaecological operations confirms, that abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies cause a so-called post aggression metabolism. The majority of the aminograms showed changes in the metabolism of nitrogen. The aminograms were carried out by the Stein-Moore chromatography. The administration of a 3% complete solution of aminoacids changed the metabolism of the short time enzyme proteins into an anabolic phase and therefore diminished complications such-as paralytic ileus impaired wound healing, infections, and edema. PMID- 6551301 TI - [Comparative studies of renosonography and intravenous pyelography prior to and following hysterectomy]. AB - Prior to hysterectomy investigation of the upper urinary tract and documentation of the investigation is important for treatment and liability reasons. The X-ray exposure possible allergy to the dye and the high price of intravenous pyelography mitigates against the investigation. This prospective study of 155 patients with benign disease shows that sonography is a valuable screening procedure. In over 90% of the cases sonography was sufficient and in only 11 women additional intravenous pyelography was necessary. The incidental discovery of an assymptomatic carcinoma of the kidney and of a hydronephrosis emphasized the importance of the pre-operative investigation of the upper urinary tract. Only displacement and mild dilatation of the distal ureters is not detectable by sonography. Therefore in malignant tumours of the genital tract the pre-operative intra-venous pyelogram is still recommended. PMID- 6551303 TI - Older authors of the year: what I expect from the nurse. PMID- 6551302 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Topical analgesics. PMID- 6551304 TI - Aging and the skin. PMID- 6551305 TI - Reality orientation on a geropsychiatric unit. PMID- 6551306 TI - Sparky. PMID- 6551307 TI - Elder abuse--what is it? Who says so? PMID- 6551308 TI - Adherence to hypertensive therapy. PMID- 6551309 TI - Supportive counseling in action. PMID- 6551311 TI - Nutrition: a new look at obesity. PMID- 6551310 TI - Common concern: in loving remembrance. PMID- 6551312 TI - The "baby blues"--a cultural phenomenon? A preliminary report. PMID- 6551313 TI - Separation and radioimmunoassay of T3 and T4 in human breast milk. AB - There is little agreement among published reports of the radioimmunoassayable thyroid hormone content of breast milk, likely due to wide variations in methodology applied. In order to achieve a higher degree of specificity in the determination of T3 and T4 concentrations in breast milk, samples were ethanol extracted and then chromatographed on an LH-20 column. Using this method, all T3 and T4 RIA activity eluted with the void volume. Following pancreatin digestion and subsequent extraction of whole milk samples, void volume T3 RIA activity decreased, and T3 co-eluted primarily with a standard preparation of T3 or 125I T3, at a concentration of 275 +/- 132 ng/dl (mean +/- SD) (n = 9). In contrast, the elution volume of T4 RIA activity appeared unaffected by pancreatin. These data indicate that immunoreactive T3 and T4 are differentially bound to a thyroid hormone 'binding' substance present in breast milk. They further support the hypothesis that thyroid hormone sufficient to supplement the thyroid economy of the thyroid-deficient suckling infant is present in human breast milk. PMID- 6551314 TI - Genetic polymorphisms of C3 and Bf in the Chinese population. AB - The distribution of C3 and Bf in a Chinese population sample has been investigated. In a total of 388 individuals, 385 SS and 3 FS C3 phenotypes were observed and the following gene frequencies calculated: C3F = 0.0039, C3S = 0.9961. In 200 unrelated individuals, 155 S, 38 FS, 6 F and 1 FS 0.7 Bf phenotypes were found. The gene frequencies calculated from these were BfS = 0.8700, BfF = 0.1275, BfS0.7 = 0.0025. PMID- 6551315 TI - Uncovering the knowledge embedded in clinical practice. PMID- 6551316 TI - Psychotherapeutic treatment of idiopathic cardiomyopathy: a case study. PMID- 6551317 TI - In opposition to nursing diagnosis: a minority opinion. PMID- 6551318 TI - Discovery of Nursing Gestalt in critical care nursing: the importance of the Gray Gorilla syndrome. PMID- 6551319 TI - Locus of control: implications for nursing practice. PMID- 6551320 TI - [Being the administrator of a nursing school. Interview by A. Malterre-Barthes]. PMID- 6551321 TI - [Evaluation: its role in nursing education]. PMID- 6551322 TI - [Care in a rural area]. PMID- 6551323 TI - [The night nurse: reflections and responsibilities]. PMID- 6551324 TI - [Road assistance of yesterday and today . . . Tomorrow, which nurse for emergency medical services?]. PMID- 6551326 TI - [Why choose a career in nursing?]. PMID- 6551325 TI - [Attempt to define the role and the activities of the occupational health nurse]. PMID- 6551327 TI - [Some aspects of life in a neurology department]. PMID- 6551328 TI - [Adolescent life and health. Various biologic aspects]. PMID- 6551329 TI - [Being the administrator of a cader school]. PMID- 6551330 TI - [Meals at the hospital]. PMID- 6551331 TI - [Hospital construction. Participation of the general nurse and of health care personnel]. PMID- 6551333 TI - [Laser beam and medicine]. PMID- 6551332 TI - [Approach to specific extra-hospital care: care in prisons]. PMID- 6551334 TI - [The HLA system]. PMID- 6551335 TI - [Health and development in India]. PMID- 6551336 TI - [Testimony: public transport and occupational medicine]. PMID- 6551337 TI - [A special health insurance regimen, a great public service: the Autonomous Administration of Parisian Transport]. PMID- 6551338 TI - [Female alcoholism, pregnancy and descendants]. PMID- 6551340 TI - [The exercise break]. PMID- 6551339 TI - Passive protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in an experimental leukopenic mouse model. AB - An experimental leukopenic mouse model was used to evaluate the protective capacities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) fractions directed against toxin A (AT-IgG), elastase (AE-IgG), and lipopolysaccharide (ALPS-IgG) against fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Statistically significant protection, as measured by long term survival, was observed only when mice were treated with serotype-specific ALPS-IgG. The mean lethal dose for P. aeruginosa could be increased by as much as 6,600-fold for mice given ALPS-IgG as compared to mice which received only normal rabbit IgG. ALPS-IgG afforded high levels of protection, even when administered up to 6 h postchallenge. Experiments designed to monitor the growth and spread of a locally administered challenge showed that ALPS-IgG prevented bacteremia and organ colonization, which were pronounced in control animals. The effectiveness of combined antibiotic and immune therapy was tested. Gentamicin alone or in combination with AT-IgG or AE-IgG provided no detectable protection. However, its use with ALPS-IgG afforded substantially higher levels of protection than ALPS IgG alone. PMID- 6551342 TI - [Preoperative education: role of all nursing personnel]. PMID- 6551341 TI - [Around epilepsy: different paths of communication and information]. PMID- 6551343 TI - [Incest]. PMID- 6551344 TI - [Death requiring reporting]. PMID- 6551347 TI - [Summer on an ice-breaker. Interview by Gertrude P. Lapointe]. PMID- 6551346 TI - [A day hospital for the elderly]. PMID- 6551345 TI - [Alcohol, sugar, and calories content of liquid medications for oral use]. PMID- 6551348 TI - [Neuropsychology and the elderly person]. PMID- 6551349 TI - [Anorexia and diversified nursing care (2)]. PMID- 6551350 TI - [Population profile on the matter of health and role of the nurse]. PMID- 6551351 TI - [Program of studies in Canadian universities]. PMID- 6551352 TI - [The more we talk about it, the more we'll know and the more we'll denounce!]. PMID- 6551354 TI - Nosocomial Legionnaires' disease and other nosocomial Legionella pneumonias. PMID- 6551353 TI - Injuries of hospital employees from needles and sharp objects. AB - During a 30-month period in our 570-bed private community hospital, employees reported 218 injuries from needles and other sharp objects. Five of these injuries were from needles used on patients known to be hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) positive. Four were from blades or scalpels used on HBsAg positive patients. Another needle injury resulted in serious Staphylococcus aureus infection. Thirty-three percent of the injuries were from improperly disposed objects, generally in trash baskets in patient rooms. Housekeeping employees were the "innocent victims" of more than one-half of the injuries from such improperly disposed objects. A survey of reporting practices revealed housekeepers reported all their injuries. Underreporting was identified as a problem with laboratory personnel and nurses who tended to make their own judgment concerning the extent of the injury. An effective innovation resulting from our survey was the use of plastic irrigation bottles as an inexpensive and readily available container for disposal of sharps. PMID- 6551355 TI - Herpes genualius. PMID- 6551356 TI - Precautions for patients hospitalized with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6551357 TI - The source of biliary infections associated with T-tube drainage. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the source of organisms responsible for biliary infection associated with T-tube placement. Two groups of patients who had had T-tubes placed following common bile duct exploration were studied. In one group of 34 patients, bacterial cultures were taken daily from the drainage bag and the lumen of the T-tube. In the second group of patients, paired daily bacterial cultures were taken from the T-tube lumen and the skin tract surrounding the T-tube. Results of the first group showed the drainage bag to be the initial site of infection in seven cases, with "descending" infection from the patient's skin occurring in 27 cases, 14 in whom the organism was initially present in the bile while in the other 13 the organism appeared later. In the second group, of 32 isolates only five were found extraluminally before they appeared within the lumen, these five being all Staphylococcus epidermidis. Thus the majority of bile infections occurring after T-tube placement were found to originate from the patient's own biliary tree or skin. PMID- 6551359 TI - In defence of the demonstration room. PMID- 6551358 TI - A hypertension survey: respondents' knowledge of high blood pressure. PMID- 6551360 TI - Cross-cultural research: advantages and disadvantages. PMID- 6551362 TI - Abortion: cardinal speaks to nurses. PMID- 6551361 TI - Health management in Nigeria: problems and prospects. PMID- 6551363 TI - My friend Mark: a student nurse's experience in nursing a child with cancer. PMID- 6551364 TI - Good health! - But only for a few. PMID- 6551365 TI - Type A/B differences in coping with acute myocardial infarction: further considerations. AB - To further investigate the link between Type A/B behavior pattern and duration of in-hospital stay after AMI, we had nurses observe and rate patients daily as regards mood, self-initiative, and signs of Type A behavior (time urgency, preoccupation with work, competitiveness). We found Type As to be more alert, more active, friendlier, more competitive, more emotionally withdrawn, and more concerned about return to work than Type Bs while hospitalized. Type A patients also displayed more self-initiative in their daily hospital care, which in turn was inversely related to duration of in-hospital recovery time, i.e., patients who showed greater self-initiative were discharged sooner. Type A/B differences in coping with AMI emerged soon after admission to the CCU. Type A patients quickly began to "take charge" of their illness situation, which they no doubt perceived as a challenge to be overcome. While this may initially suggest a more favorable prognosis for Type As, in the long-run it may explain their differential CHD morbidity and mortality, i.e., Type As are more prone toward recurrent and fatal AMI. As such, therapeutic intervention(s) should be initiated early and designed to accommodate Type As' use of denial and need for environmental control. Preliminary suggestions along these lines are included. PMID- 6551366 TI - The minor analgesic overdose: salicylates and acetaminophen. PMID- 6551367 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant overdose: clinical features and management. PMID- 6551368 TI - Calcium channel blockers for the treatment of coronary artery spasm: rationale, effects, and nursing responsibilities. AB - Coronary artery spasm is recognized as a cause of ischemic heart disease, producing a syndrome of the variant form of angina that occurs at rest. Spasm also may play a role in other types of rest angina (unstable angina) and exertional angina. Calcium is essential for the basic tonus of vascular smooth muscle. The accentuated contraction that occurs in coronary artery spasm is the result of an increase in intracellular calcium ions. Current therapy is aimed at blocking the slow calcium currents that are responsible for electrical activation and contraction of smooth muscle cells. A marked coronary vasodilatation is produced with calcium channel blockers, thus demonstrating effective therapy for coronary artery spasm. A similar effect is achieved by nitrates, and these agents will continue to have a role in the therapy of spasm. Calcium channel blockers produce beneficial effects on myocardial oxygen supply and demand and, therefore, are also useful in the prevention of classic exertional angina caused by fixed obstruction. Verapamil and diltiazem possess electrophysiologic effects and have, in addition, proved useful in the treatment of supraventricular dysrhythmias. PMID- 6551369 TI - Mixing of aminophylline in plastic intravenous fluid containers. PMID- 6551370 TI - Nurse practitioner role in a chronic congestive heart failure clinic: in-hospital time, costs, and patient satisfaction. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare in-hospital time, medical costs, and patient satisfaction before and after the introduction of a nurse practitioner in a chronic heart failure clinic. The records of all patients who attended the NP chronic congestive heart failure clinic were reviewed. Questionnaires were mailed to all available patients to evaluate satisfaction. We compared the number of hospitalizations, inpatient hospital days, and total yearly cost, 1 year before and 1 year after the institution of the chronic congestive heart failure clinic. Fifteen patients were seen an average of every 3 weeks for 7 to 48 months for a mean follow-up period of 24 months. Ages ranged from 48 to 86 years, for a mean age of 65. All but three patients had class IV congestive heart failure. Twelve patients had coronary disease, two valvular heart disease and one congestive cardiomyopathy. Seven of the 15 patients died during the follow-up period, all but one of progressive congestive heart failure. The number of yearly hospitalizations per patient decreased from 2.8 to 0.7 and yearly hospitalized days per patient from 62 to 9 (p less than .01). Total yearly medical cost decreased $131,175. Patient satisfaction was unanimous. In-hospital time and yearly medical costs decreased markedly and patient satisfaction increased after institution of the NP chronic congestive heart failure clinic. PMID- 6551371 TI - Risk factors for arrhythmias after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6551372 TI - Correction of ascites with peritoneovenous shunting: a study of clinical management. AB - Although a medical regimen, with salt and water restriction and a progressive program of diuretics, ordinarily achieves relief of ascites in advanced liver disease, there has been rapid proliferation in the use of peritoneovenous shunting for persons who appear resistant to normal conservative therapy. Circumstances that justify this surgical approach have not been firmly established. Indications of a satisfactory result in the immediate postoperative period are hemodilution, increase in urine volume, decrease in body weight, and decrease in abdominal girth. Normalization of sodium excretion and serum BUN and creatinine levels are noted in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. Most commonly encountered complications are shunt malfunction, a coagulopathy that leads to generalized bleeding or to thrombosis of the shunt, ascitic fluid leak, and infection. Clarification of the risks and benefits of the procedure is yet to be determined through carefully designed clinical trials. PMID- 6551373 TI - Families in the intensive care unit: their effect on staff. AB - In summary, families in the ICU have had both a positive and a negative effect on staff. On the positive side there is an increased opportunity for staff to get feedback and appreciation. Goals can be realistically refocussed to help the family when a patient can no longer be helped, thus broadening the role of the staff. This also applies to the nurse advocacy role being enhanced by the increased patient data provided by the family. The opportunity to personalize the patient, to get to know him, is provided by the family's presence. And when a patient dies in the unit a family's grieving can help the staff with closure around its own grief. Families who express unrealistic demands of the ICU staff can be experienced as a stress. Staff who feel unsure of themselves or criticized by families have found the presence of families difficult. Staff who prefer to remain detached from patients also are uncomfortable with increased family presence. Feelings of rivalry with those nurses seen as "super nurses" has been a source of stress for a few in the unit. Discussions of how the staff feels about families and how certain families make the staff members feel about themselves have helped to maintain an objectivity on the part of the staff. Identifying the stress and providing support and understanding for staff have reduced the numbers of exacerbations and provided increased opportunities for staff and family to work together toward their common goal--the well-being of the patient. PMID- 6551374 TI - Intensive care nurses' perceptions of cadaver organ procurement. PMID- 6551375 TI - Transient electrocardiographic Q waves in spontaneous pneumothorax: a case report. PMID- 6551377 TI - The effects of external defibrillation on permanent pacemakers. PMID- 6551376 TI - Torsade de pointes: polymorphous ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6551378 TI - Temporary ventricular pacemakers demonstrating bipolar and unipolar modes. PMID- 6551379 TI - Nursing diagnosis: framework, process, and problems. PMID- 6551380 TI - Ventricular septal defect. AB - This article has discussed the ventricular septal defect, its occurrence, physiology, and therapy, and nursing concerns. The VSD, a communication allowing left-to-right shunting of blood at the ventricular level, is the most common congenital heart defect. Surgical correction is often required for large defects before the age of 12 months, and primary correction is now considered standard procedure. Small defects usually close spontaneously, and moderate defects are closely monitored for signs indicating the need for surgical intervention. Nursing care begins with child and family assessment and evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the family system. The child's developmental level is a major consideration in formulating interventions for his benefit. Play therapy is a useful vehicle in relating to the child in a nonthreatening manner preoperatively and in allowing the child to work through his hospitalization postoperatively. Maintaining the physical integrity of a child just out of the operating room is a challenge. Continuing support of the family system is a significant aspect of nursing's responsibility toward child and family. Discharge planning and intervention strive to prepare the family for the transition from hospital to home both physically and emotionally. PMID- 6551381 TI - Invasive therapeutic techniques: emergency cardiac pacing, pericardiocentesis, intracardiac injections, and emergency treatment of tension pneumothorax. PMID- 6551382 TI - The time is now. PMID- 6551383 TI - Genital herpes: an epidemic disease. PMID- 6551384 TI - Amiodarone--an investigative drug in the coronary care unit. AB - Amiodarone is an investigative antiarrhythmic drug in the United States. However, it has been used successfully in European countries for the past 14 years. Amiodarone is effective in the long-term management of resistant supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Although a very useful addition to the antiarrhythmic drugs currently in use, it has potential side effects that have delayed its acceptance by the Food and Drug Administration. The consensus of opinion among the clinical investigators of amiodarone is that it will be released for limited clinical use in the near future. Cardiovascular nurses involved in the design, coordination, and conduction of clinical investigations need to be vigilant in objectively monitoring and documenting both the potential efficacy and possible adverse effects of all interventions in research subjects. PMID- 6551385 TI - Use of the pulmonary arterial catheter for routine blood sampling. PMID- 6551386 TI - Disappearance of electrocardiographic pattern of posterior wall myocardial infarction after an acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction. PMID- 6551387 TI - Purification of prekallikrein from porcine plasma and its conversion to active kallikrein. AB - Plasma prekallikrein, a precursor protein of kallikrein [EC 3.4.21.8], was highly purified from porcine plasma by chromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column, followed by rechromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column, chromatography on a CM-Sephadex C-50 column and affinity chromatography on a p-aminobenzamidine epsilon-aminocaproic acid-Sepharose 4B column. By this procedure, 3.3 mg of purified material was obtained from 1.6 liters of porcine plasma and about 240 fold purification was achieved from the first DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The purified protein was found to give a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. This preparation did not contain kallikrein, Factor XII (Hageman factor) of the blood coagulation system, high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen or plasma kininase. Thus, the material is presumed to be functionally pure. The molecular weight of prekallikrein was estimated to be about 88,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and prekallikrein consists of a single polypeptide chain. Activation of prekallikrein by trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] was found to involve the cleavage of a single peptide bond on the disulfide-bridged polypeptide chain, and no change of molecular weight was observed during the activation. This trypsin-activated kallikrein released kinin rapidly from bovine HMW kininogen. However, liberation of kinin was extremely slow from bovine low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen. The kallikrein activity was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and Trasylol, but not by Polybrene or egg-white trypsin inhibitor (EWTI). PMID- 6551388 TI - Psychology and nursing: the case for an empirical approach. AB - The arguments presented concern the teaching of psychology to nurses. It is noted that psychology is regarded as an important component of nurse education, though the nature of this relationship can be considered elusive. In pointing out that the effect of learning psychology has yet to be measured in nursing practice, a case is put forward proposing a different approach to its teaching. The emphasis on content-based courses in which nurses are expected simply to learn a body of knowledge and apply that to their nursing is considered. Instead it is argued that a process-based course, that is one which emphasizes the methods and approaches used in gathering psychological information, is more appropriate. This, it is felt, should contribute to the aim of the nursing profession that its members be able to adopt a critical stance and develop research mindedness in the practice of their work. PMID- 6551389 TI - A conceptual approach to the development of motivational strategies. AB - Teachers in both general and professional education are well aware of the importance of motivation as the basis of effective teaching. Heidgerken maintains that a major problem that faces nursing educators is to select the right type of motivation and to know how to effect motivation. The authors propose a conceptual model for developing strategies to deal with motivational problems. This model is an application of Vroom's value/expectancy theory and Rotter's social learning theory, and is based on the premise that nursing faculty are in strategic positions to enhance student motivation for learning by manipulating variables that are believed to influence motivation. These suggested strategies include: enhancing student's need value by rewarding them with rewards that they value the most; increasing student's perceptions of a strong link between performance and rewards; providing students with consistent and clear role perceptions; improving student satisfaction towards learning. PMID- 6551390 TI - Implementation of the intersystem patient-care model in clinical practice. AB - An intrasystem-intersystem model developed by Alfred Kuhn has been integrated into the nursing process model to serve as a model for patient-nurse interaction. In this conceptual model the patient and the nurse represent intrasystems with three components, the detector, selector and effector, which act to supply information about the environment, analyse internal values and preferences and initiate action. The intrasystems are connected through a specified set of relations as the patient and nurse interact to communicate information, transact values and organize a plan of care. An example is presented of how this model can be used to implement the nursing process in the community health setting. PMID- 6551391 TI - Nurses' attitudes towards the nursing process. AB - The attitudes of qualified nursing staff towards the nursing process were studied. Three distinct nursing units received varying degrees of planning and education regarding the principles and practice of the nursing process. The attitudes of the nursing staff of these units were assessed by means of a 20-item questionnaire. Statistically significant differences (P less than 0.001) between the mean attitude scores for the three units were found, but comparison of the overall mean attitude scores for the three grades of nurses within each unit did not result in statistical significance (P greater than 0.35). Further analysis indicated that a structured educational programme was beneficial in creating a positive attitude towards the nursing process whereas a less structured approach had the opposite effect. PMID- 6551392 TI - The task of nursing and risk of smoking. AB - A survey of hospital nurses was conducted to determine whether certain aspects of nurses' working and living conditions could explain their smoking practices. Nurses (246) of all grades answered a questionnaire about their smoking practices, job characteristics, job satisfaction, life satisfaction and anxieties. The prevalence of regular smoking was low among first and second year student nurses but reached 22% among final year students and 27% among staff nurses. Those nurses who reported stress at work, high and low overall job satisfaction, low lifestyle satisfaction and high anxiety about patients were more likely to smoke. The importance of these factors was especially marked among final year students. It seems that the changes in the life and work routine of nurses during their final year of training appear to increase their risk of regular smoking. PMID- 6551393 TI - Management education and training of nurses: research study. AB - The model of more pro-active management with a more analytical and deliberative approach has considerable implications for the roles of all managers within the National Health Service today. Nurse managers, in particular, will now be faced with developing different managerial roles than they have had in the years since the 1974 reorganization. Nurse management courses in the past were more concerned with the overt training of behavioural skills and less concerned with the quantitative and analytical aspects of management. This paper investigates in what areas nurse managers perceived their training to have been deficient and argues for a continuous process of education, as opposed to the existing intermittent 'hurdle process' which, in the main, is the basis of nurse management development at the present time. PMID- 6551394 TI - The American Nurses' Association's position statement on nursing and social policy: philosophical and ethical dimensions. AB - This article analyses the American Nurses' Association's position statement on nursing and social policy. Specifically, its purpose is to highlight three themes suggested within the position statement: nursing as duty, nursing as moral art and nursing as autonomous profession. Questions are raised about the nature and significance of these themes as they relate to philosophical and ethical dimensions within nursing. PMID- 6551395 TI - How the media can help nursing in a state of change. PMID- 6551396 TI - Attitudes towards mental illness: effect of integration of mental health concepts into a postbasic nursing degree programme. AB - A 2-year assessment of the effect of integrating mental health concepts into a postbasic nursing degree programme was done with two classes of students who had minimal psychiatric preparation in their diploma programme. These two groups of students were studied as they progressed from first to second year and from second to third year at the 3-year postbasic nursing degree programme at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. A questionnaire on Opinion about Mental Illness (OMI Scale) was used to note if there was any change in the five attitudinal factors measured, as these students progressed from one class to the next. Results show changes in both groups in terms of their authoritarianism and social restrictiveness. PMID- 6551398 TI - Foot care. A health care maintenance program. PMID- 6551397 TI - Stresses of hospitalization in the elderly: nurses' and patients' perceptions. AB - A study of stress in hospital is reported. Twenty-five patients (aged 70-93 years) and their nurses were interviewed about the patient's perceived stresses during the first and third weeks of hospitalization. The ward was modern in design and a 'patient allocation' system of nursing care was in operation in which one nurse had primary responsibility for each patient. Patients differed significantly from nurses in their use of a 16-item stress scale, using low scale values rather than high (stressful) values. Although as groups, patients and nurses showed significant correlations between stress ratings over the items, this was interpreted as their sharing common stereotypes about the hospital situation. There was no significant relation between nurses' and patients' ratings of the overall stress being experienced by the patients. An analysis of stress items showed there to be significant differences between type of stress. There was least discrepancy between nurses and patients concerning aspects of physical illness and most on the stressful impact of the hospital environment and routine. While patients rated items within this group (e.g. toiletting) to increase in stress during their stay in hospital, nurses rated the stress value as decreasing. PMID- 6551399 TI - The scourge of the aged: herpes zoster. PMID- 6551400 TI - Vision in the elderly. PMID- 6551401 TI - A national first. The endowment of a professorship in gerontological nursing makes history! PMID- 6551403 TI - Bronchocentric granulomatosis. PMID- 6551402 TI - The pH-sensitive enteric-coated pancreatic enzyme preparations: an evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in adult patients with pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 6551404 TI - Cardiac nuclear medicine and detection of a left pneumothorax. PMID- 6551405 TI - Chronic pain review. A "deceptive fracture". PMID- 6551406 TI - EKG of the month. Pacemaker dysfunction. PMID- 6551407 TI - Cancer and lifestyle in Louisiana. PMID- 6551408 TI - The Louisiana cancer controversy: some scientific perspectives. PMID- 6551409 TI - Hysterical seizures or pseudoseizures. AB - With proper diagnosis and management, the frequency of pseudoseizures can be reduced or eliminated. Emotional factors, whether internal or external, can precipitate pseudoseizures. The goals of therapy are to identify pseudoseizures and resolve the conflicts that manifest them; both psychiatric intervention and hypnosis have produced good results in the treatment of pseudoseizures. Nurses are involved in all aspects of care from observation of seizure activity to assessment and implementation of an appropriate plan of care. The care plan should include helping the patient and his family understand the meaning of the patient's pseudoseizures, recognizing the effect of stigma on the patient and his family, assessing the coping skills of the patient and his family, and setting realistic expectations for the patient regarding prognosis and treatment. PMID- 6551410 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome: disease process. AB - Primarily a disease of the Peripheral Nervous System, GBS occurs most frequently following a viral infection. The exact cause is unknown. The diagnosis of GBS depends mainly on clinical, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic findings. Generally, the patient will present with a progressive motor weakness of more than one extremity and areflexia. There will also be a predictable progression including symmetry of motor involvement, mild sensory symptoms, and recovery. Cranial nerves as well as the ANS have also been involved in GBS. Recovery from the disease is generally good although it may take many months. Patients require extensive skilled nursing care to minister to their psychological as well as their physical needs. PMID- 6551411 TI - Pituitary tumors and hypertension: implications for neurosurgical nurses. AB - Hypertension is found in association with functioning pituitary tumors causing acromegaly and Cushing's disease. In acromegaly, the cure of the disease or decrease in level of HGH is not seen to correlate with a decrease in blood pressure, perhaps due to longstanding changes such as cardiac enlargement or increased blood volume. Many investigators have reported a cure or improvement of the hypertension in patients with Cushing's disease following successful treatment. Nursing management of the patient with a pituitary tumor should emphasize a thorough history and physical examination as well as an awareness of hypertension and its impact. Nurses must also assume responsibility for careful monitoring both before and after the patient's surgery. PMID- 6551412 TI - The brain tumor clinic: comprehensive, consistent, compassionate care. PMID- 6551413 TI - Gluing spinal cord AVMs. PMID- 6551414 TI - Adult moyamoya syndrome: a case presentation. PMID- 6551415 TI - Teaching the patient with a neurological deficit: a simulation experience. PMID- 6551416 TI - Defining neurosurgical and neurological nursing practice: establishing our clinical parameters, part I. AB - We have examined the education and practice roles of various professional and allied health personnel necessary for providing optimal care to a specialized group of patients, in this case, the neurosurgical/neurological patient group. One needs to investigate these factors in order to plan for effective economic utilization of such personnel in the health care system. The primary goal of all health care providers is quality patient care services, yet secondary concerns cannot be overlooked if we are to accomplish this ultimate goal. Prohibitive health care costs for those we serve and escalating educational costs to become competent to render such services mandate that we choose the most advantageous use of available resource personnel. Placing professionals in appropriate positions which allow them to apply their education and clinical strengths in the care of patients will not only promote excellence in patient care but also excellence in each professional practice role. PMID- 6551417 TI - Drug stop. PMID- 6551418 TI - Midline transcallosal approach for third ventricle lesions. PMID- 6551419 TI - Types and causes of nystagmus in the neurosurgical patient. PMID- 6551420 TI - Cervical spine injuries. PMID- 6551422 TI - Locked-in syndrome. PMID- 6551421 TI - Brain injury disseminated intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis syndrome in children. PMID- 6551423 TI - The adolescent with a stroke. PMID- 6551424 TI - The dementias. AB - The dementias have been examined from the viewpoint of representing a primary memory system deficit leading to an array of cortical function impairments, behavioral alterations, and mood disturbances. Although several classification systems to categorize the dementias exist, a useful system to guide the planning of nursing care is to categorize the dementia according to the lobe of the hemispheres that is most seriously affected. From this approach, clinical manifestations and appropriate nursing interventions are more easily identifiable. Emphasis has been placed on the importance of evaluating a person who is evidencing the presence of a dementing process to determine if the etiology of the disorder is from a treatable cause, making it possible to halt the dementing process or to reverse the process. When cortical deficits persist in spite of treatment or when the dementing process is a progressive, nonreversible one, nursing's therapeutic approach is aimed at maintaining and maximizing use of remaining mental capacities, restoring cortical functions that may not be permanently lost, and minimizing the need for those abilities that are permanently lost. Often the family must be assisted to carry out the therapeutic approach in the home situation. Ongoing nursing assessment is required as is ongoing evaluation of the effectiveness of the therapeutic approach. PMID- 6551425 TI - Hearing changes in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6551426 TI - Strategic planning for nursing. AB - Strategic planning is a systematic approach to decision making. Nurse administrators who rely on formal planning and measurement of outcomes are more likely to assure consistent high performance from their departments than those who rely on intuition. Planning can serve as motivation for nursing personnel if they are allowed to have some input into it. Not only is nursing practice advanced by strategic planning, as this article shows, but scarce resources can be conserved. PMID- 6551427 TI - A patient classification system based on the behavioral system model of nursing: Part 2. AB - Staff have individually expressed enthusiasm for the development of a model of practice. Staff have commented that there is a point of reference to communicate with other disciplines as to what nursing is all about. It has given a sense of identity and purpose for some staff who had only vague ideas about the role of nursing. There is a tendency for blurring of professional roles among the various disciplines in the psychiatric setting, and the introduction of the model has helped clarify the role of nursing and its distinct as well as shared contributions to patient care. The impact of introducing a model of practice into the clinical setting is still evolving and only time and formal study will identify systematically the far-ranging effects. The general conclusion of clinical and administrative staff is that the process has been beneficial to both staff practice and patient care and that it has measurably enhanced the professional base of nursing at UCLA-NPI. PMID- 6551428 TI - Results of the Nursing Personnel Survey, Part 2: RN vacancies and turnover. AB - The second of a three-part series of articles analyzing the results of the American Hospital Association's Nursing Personnel Survey, this article examines data about RN vacancies and turnover among community hospitals in general and community hospitals classified by bed size, control, and geographic region. It discusses the implications of the findings for nursing administrators. PMID- 6551429 TI - A management progression system for nurse administrators, Part 2. AB - This article is the second of a three-part series describing a project undertaken by a task force at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, a 541-bed research facility in Bethesda, Maryland. The task force's purpose was to develop a Management Progression System for Nurse Administrators. Part 1 depicted the actual work of nurse administrators according to their managerial responsibilities, defining such work as decision making. This second installment singles out the skills and competencies required for effective decision making at each of three basic levels of managerial responsibility. PMID- 6551430 TI - Improving nursing management and practice through quality circles. AB - Health care in general, and nursing in particular, is experiencing dramatic changes in worker values, economic realities, and management theory. All three areas of change move toward actively involving employees in organizational decision making. Although nursing managers have implemented a variety of systems to gain employee participation, "Quality Circles" seems to be the most promising method currently available. This article describes some techniques for effectively implementing Quality Circles within a nursing organization. PMID- 6551431 TI - Projected student declines: seeking solutions. PMID- 6551432 TI - Pregnancy in gravidas over age 35 years. PMID- 6551433 TI - Selected principles of teaching and learning applied to nurse-midwifery clinical education. PMID- 6551434 TI - The cervical cap: effectiveness as a contraceptive. PMID- 6551435 TI - Natural family planning: a birth control alternative. PMID- 6551436 TI - Addressing complications of childbirth in the prenatal setting. PMID- 6551437 TI - Malpractice: A professional risk. PMID- 6551438 TI - Access to nurse-midwives and their clients for clinical research. PMID- 6551439 TI - A comparison of prepared and unprepared first-time fathers' needs during the childbirth experience. PMID- 6551440 TI - Patient monitoring in the operating room: an introduction and overview. PMID- 6551441 TI - Outpatient surgery centers: equipment and instrumentation. PMID- 6551442 TI - Herpetic whitlow--a new concern for health care professionals. PMID- 6551443 TI - Your CE topic this month (No. 4). OTC drug-drug interactions. PMID- 6551444 TI - Crossing over. PMID- 6551445 TI - Emotional care for geriatric patients. PMID- 6551446 TI - New antihypertensive agents. PMID- 6551447 TI - An ex-patient's perspective of psychiatric treatment. PMID- 6551448 TI - Social, economic, and political factors and mental illness. PMID- 6551449 TI - Concepts for the future: competition and substitution. PMID- 6551450 TI - Gentamicin and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dublin hospitals: clinical and laboratory studies. AB - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to gentamicin and methicillin first appeared in Dublin hospitals in 1976, and rapidly became widely disseminated. The number of patients infected or colonised increased throughout the period of study, especially in 1979 and 1980. Most isolates were from burns, surgical wounds and traumatic skin lesions. During the 12 months after first isolation of these multiply antibiotic resistant strains, colonisation or minor infection was the usual event. Invasive infection such as bacteraemia, deep wound sepsis and osteomyelitis was rarely seen. Subsequently, as the number of patients from whom these organisms were isolated increased, bacteraemia and other severe infection became more common. The predominant phage type of S. aureus changed with the progression of the outbreak. Isolates of different phage type were sometimes found in a single lesion, or in different sites in one patient. By the second half of 1980, most isolates were untypable or typed only with an experimental phage. PMID- 6551451 TI - Gentamicin and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dublin hospitals: molecular studies. AB - A large number of Staphylococcus aureus strains resistant to gentamicin, methicillin and other antibiotics, isolated in several Dublin hospitals during a 4-year period, were screened for plasmid DNA. Isolates assigned to four principal phage groups showed uniform plasmid profiles. A plasmid of mol. wt 21.0 x 10(6) encoding penicillin resistance was present in all isolates screened. A tetracycline resistance plasmid of mol. wt 24.0 x 10(6) was present in 40% of isolates of phage types 90 and 5/47/54/84/85 whereas a plasmid of mol. wt 3.0 x 10(6) was responsible for tetracycline resistance in isolates of phage types 77 and 85. Aminoglycoside, methicillin and erythromycin resistances were apparently not encoded on plasmids. Gentamicin resistance was transduced at low frequency between several strains of S. aureus and the resistance phenotype was due, in part at least, to the production of an inactivating enzyme. PMID- 6551452 TI - Refined 2 A X-ray crystal structure of porcine pancreatic kallikrein A, a specific trypsin-like serine proteinase. Crystallization, structure determination, crystallographic refinement, structure and its comparison with bovine trypsin. PMID- 6551453 TI - Primer on nephrology ophthalmic nursing. PMID- 6551454 TI - Detection of carotid disease from an ophthalmic viewpoint. PMID- 6551455 TI - Knowledge of the ocular component to diabetes: a study of diabetic patients and their health care providers. PMID- 6551456 TI - Soft lens selection: the key to success. PMID- 6551457 TI - Testing for myasthenia. PMID- 6551458 TI - External eye photography with a single lens reflex camera system. PMID- 6551459 TI - Dynamic aspects of microtubule sliding in sperm flagella. AB - The force of microtubule sliding in reactivated sea urchin sperm flagella was determined under defined mechanical conditions by attaching two glass microneedles to a demembranated flagellum and measuring the small displacements of the needle caused by the sliding force. Upon reactivation with a solution containing elastase as well as ATP, oscillatory force generation was observed under an isometric condition, followed by a plateau of isometric force. The average isometric force was about 1 pN per dynein arm which did not change with the ATP concentration (4 to 500 microM). PMID- 6551460 TI - Burn units as a source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB - During a 3 1/2-year period (January 1978 through June 1981), 245 patients in a university hospital became colonized or infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. During the first 18 months, the incidence of colonization and infection was only 0.05%. After a focal outbreak of methicillin-resistant S aureus in the burn unit, acquisition of the organism by patients on other wards increased significantly. Nonburn patients acquired the organism more often during time periods when newly admitted burn patients acquired methicillin-resistant S aureus. After the burn unit was closed, acquisition of the organism among nonburn patients on adult surgical and medical services decreased significantly. A questionnaire survey of other institutions disclosed that large outbreaks of this infection occurred more frequently in hospitals with burn units. These studies suggest that the occurrence of methicillin-resistant S aureus infections in burn units may lead to increased transmission of the organism to nonburn patients and that control of the infection in such units may reduce spread of the organism to patients without burns. PMID- 6551461 TI - [An in vitro study of susceptibility of Flavobacterium meningosepticum to antibiotics]. AB - The present study concern in vitro observation on the susceptibility to 20 antibacterial agents of the strains of Flavobacterium meningosepticum from clinical specimens at Juntendo University Hospital during the 1 year period of 1981. The tests for susceptibility of the 144 strains to the drugs were all performed by the serial 2-fold agar plate dilution method on Mueller Hinton agar (Difco), standardized by the Japan Society of Chemotherapy using the Microplanter apparatus with one loop of approximately 10(8) cells/ml. The antibacterial agents tested were as follows: ampicillin, sulbenicillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cefazolin, cefmetazole, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid, erythromycin and clindamycin. 1. Thirty-seven per cent of the strains were isolated from sputum, 23% from urine (greater than or equal to 10(5) ml), and 18% from pus and exudate. Only 3 and 2 strains were isolated from cerebrospinal fluid and blood, respectively. 2. A large number of the strains tested were highly resistant to ABPC, SBPC, CEZ, KM, TOB, AMK, PPA and EM, and moderately resistant to PIPC, MZPC, CMZ, CPZ, CTX, CZX, GM, TC and NA. The most of the strains were highly sensitive to MINO, CLDM and DOXY in this order. There was no strain resistant to MINO in this study. 3. The yearly change of the antibacterial activities of DOXY, MINO, CLDM was not significant and 9% of the strains in 1981 were highly resistant to CLDM. The strains resistant to EM were more frequently seen in 1981 than in 1974--1976. PMID- 6551463 TI - [Holistic understanding of the patient using the Balint method]. PMID- 6551462 TI - [Urinary kallikrein excretion, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and urinary electrolytes excretion in hypertensive outpatients]. PMID- 6551464 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Yoshie Inba, a researcher on the subject of a gap between the aged and nursing personnel]. PMID- 6551465 TI - [Visit to Nepal. 1]. PMID- 6551466 TI - [The age of mild depression. A discussion]. PMID- 6551467 TI - [Nursing of patients with depression and complaints of physiological symptoms: clinical nursing at a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6551468 TI - [Nursing of patients with depression in a department of internal medicine- ambulatory care of the burnout syndrome]. PMID- 6551469 TI - [Nursing of aged patients in a depressed state]. PMID- 6551470 TI - [Nursing of adolescent patients with depression]. PMID- 6551471 TI - [Description of patients with depression who visit general clinics]. PMID- 6551473 TI - [Activities at a psychiatric ward. 1. Initial experiences on the ward]. PMID- 6551472 TI - [An experience in nursing of a dying patient]. PMID- 6551475 TI - [Clinical care of the adolescent. 9. The therapeutic approach. 2]. PMID- 6551474 TI - [Ambulatory nursing conference. 11. At the Life Planning Center Clinic. Methods of communication in the age of ambulatory care: information gathering through telephone conversation and sorting out of data]. PMID- 6551476 TI - [Notes on alcoholic beverages]. PMID- 6551477 TI - [Malignant tumors of the oral region]. PMID- 6551478 TI - [Impact on medical and nursing services. The aging society and social solidarity]. PMID- 6551480 TI - [Impact on medical and nursing services. The future of medical technology]. PMID- 6551479 TI - [Impact on medical and nursing services. Socialized medicine in the 21st century]. PMID- 6551481 TI - [Changes in medical practice: from "cure" to "care"]. PMID- 6551482 TI - [Changes in medical practice: subjective and objective concepts of health--on the concept of health and health education]. PMID- 6551483 TI - [Changes in medical practice: changes in the behaviors in seeking medical care and their future]. PMID- 6551485 TI - [Turning point in nursing: quality assurance in nursing]. PMID- 6551484 TI - [Changes in medical care: regional medical and welfare systems and the local government]. PMID- 6551486 TI - [Turning point in nursing: self care--one goal in nursing and the role of the nursing service]. PMID- 6551487 TI - [Turning point in nursing: the environment for the aged--conditions for geriatric nursing and the future of nursing assistance]. PMID- 6551488 TI - [Turning point in nursing: the structure of nursing duties and the future of nursing administration]. PMID- 6551489 TI - [Turning point in nursing: the future of nursing education--in correspondence with the changing nature of medicine]. PMID- 6551491 TI - [Discussion: preparation for the year 2,000 by nursing]. PMID- 6551490 TI - [Turning point in nursing: regional care and leadership in nursing]. PMID- 6551492 TI - [Case of acute renal failure caused by DIC]. PMID- 6551493 TI - [Study on adjustment of the volume of infusion fluids]. PMID- 6551494 TI - [HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and immunology: a discussion]. PMID- 6551495 TI - [Early treatment and management of cervical cord injuries--current trends]. PMID- 6551496 TI - [Severity of cervical cord injuries, functions of the hands and arms, and their functional restoration]. PMID- 6551497 TI - [Problems concerning chronic care of patients with cervical cord injuries]. PMID- 6551498 TI - [Specificity of the care of the urinary tract in cervical cord injuries]. PMID- 6551499 TI - [Evaluation of the basic items in nursing of patients with cervical cord injuries]. PMID- 6551500 TI - [Nursing of patients with cervical cord injuries in a rehabilitation ward]. PMID- 6551501 TI - [Innovation in the training for preservation of the functions of the extremities in patients with cervical cord injuries]. PMID- 6551502 TI - [Analysis and control of factors responsible for preventing social rehabilitation of patients with cervical cord injuries]. PMID- 6551503 TI - [Instruction and practice training of patients with cervical cord injuries for expansion of ADL]. PMID- 6551504 TI - [Physical rehabilitation and nursing of patients with cervical cord injuries and severe paralysis of the shoulder and arms]. PMID- 6551505 TI - [Nursing of a patient with a central cervical cord injury]. PMID- 6551506 TI - [Therapy and nursing of patients with cervical cord injuries. A conference. Psychological support of the patient in her social rehabilitation--a case of cervical cord injury with a smooth clinical course to recovery]. PMID- 6551507 TI - [Innovation in the pressure applied in closed chest heart massage using Recording Resusci Anne]. PMID- 6551508 TI - [Preparation of a schedule for nursing of patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6551509 TI - [Abnormalities of the endocrine system and criteria for their observation]. PMID- 6551510 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of the endocrine system--its significance and methods]. PMID- 6551511 TI - [Exercise prescription. II. Evaluation of the results]. PMID- 6551512 TI - [Introduction to medical electronics. II. Infusion pumps, aspirators, and electrothermometers]. PMID- 6551513 TI - [Parents' subjective evaluation of a self-help education-exercise program for asthmatic children and their parents]. PMID- 6551514 TI - [ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) as a motor neuron disease--physiopathology]. PMID- 6551515 TI - [Differential diagnosis of ALS]. PMID- 6551516 TI - [Care of and guidance in activities of daily living for ALS patients]. PMID- 6551517 TI - [People active in the ALSSOA. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Society of America]. PMID- 6551518 TI - [Problems and criteria for the nursing care of ALS patients]. PMID- 6551519 TI - [Evaluation of the guidance in the home care of ALS patients]. PMID- 6551520 TI - [Nursing of the ALS patient with various progressive disorders]. PMID- 6551521 TI - [Support of the family members of an ALS patient by local health agencies--a reflection on home care for the patient]. PMID- 6551523 TI - [Drainage and its management in hepatic, biliary and pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6551522 TI - [Use of a transcolonic balloon catheter with a patient with melena and diarrhea]. PMID- 6551524 TI - [Geriatric nursing experience at a nursing home in the United States--the team approach in 24-hour reality orientation]. PMID- 6551525 TI - [Factors responsible for the dropout of ambulatory diabetics--an observation]. PMID- 6551526 TI - [Use of the IDSEP device in preoperative respiratory training]. PMID- 6551527 TI - [Justification for the use of a hemostatic injection following fiber gastroscopy]. PMID- 6551528 TI - [Examination and diagnosis of bone and joint diseases]. PMID- 6551529 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of bone and joint diseases: its importance and methods--with special reference to patients undergoing total hip replacement]. PMID- 6551530 TI - [Exercise prescription and nursing care. 6. Role of nursing in exercise therapy]. PMID- 6551531 TI - [Introduction to medical electronics. VII. Surgical equipment--anesthetic equipment, electrical knives and a warmer]. PMID- 6551532 TI - [Continuous drip morphine]. PMID- 6551534 TI - [A special edition on 'The Importance of "Adherence" in research'. Commentary: what is "adherence"?]. PMID- 6551533 TI - [Effect of using nursing diagnosis in nursing care planning]. PMID- 6551535 TI - [Discussion: "adherence" as the force of traction of research]. PMID- 6551536 TI - [Discussion about the recognition of illness of a diabetic]. PMID- 6551537 TI - [Determinants of staff nurses' perceptions of autonomy within different clinical contexts]. PMID- 6551538 TI - [The approach to an English monograph. Love the original! Know the author!]. PMID- 6551539 TI - [Commentary: "stick-to-it-iveness" problem in education]. PMID- 6551540 TI - Neuromuscular control of childbirth-prepared women during the first stage of labor. AB - To evaluate the neuromuscular control of Lamaze-prepared women during the first stage of labor and to identify the factors which influenced control, 94 women were studied. The women were categorized into two groups: class-taught and self taught. A tool was devised to evaluate neuromuscular control. The study revealed that class-taught women exhibited a significantly higher degree of neuromuscular control, more frequent practice patterns, and a greater ability to make goal directed statements about their labor than the self-taught women. The data also demonstrated an association between practice and control and goal directedness and control. PMID- 6551541 TI - Variables related to adaptation to motherhood in "normal" primiparous women. AB - A descriptive study found that of 20 healthy, normal primiparas 25% experienced a very difficult adaptation to motherhood. Previous experience with infants and children, perception of support from postpartum nurses and husbands, help during the first week at home, and postpartum self-concept were found to be related to adaptation in this sample. Nursing implications and interventions for the normal pregnant woman and new mother are discussed. PMID- 6551542 TI - Lamaze childbirth education. PMID- 6551543 TI - Hemophilia B. Case study and intervention plan. AB - Persistent bleeding from the circumcision site or umbilicus of a newborn male should alert the neonatal nurse to the possibility of hemophilia. Treatment of hemophilia B requires immediate medical and nursing intervention as well as long term follow-up so that psychosocial, developmental, and physiological needs of the infant and family are met. Most important, treatment requires an organized team approach. Information to assist the nurse in the treatment of the infant and family is presented. PMID- 6551544 TI - Home blood glucose monitoring in the pregnant diabetic. AB - The careful control of the maternal blood glucose levels reduces complications in the newborn. HBGM has the additional value of reducing the need for emergency care for diabetic ketoacidosis or insulin shock, because morbid trends often are reversed before they become serious. Certainly, the advent of simple techniques for home blood glucose monitoring is a major step forward in the effort to improve the outcome of diabetes complicated pregnancies. PMID- 6551545 TI - Toxic shock syndrome and other tampon related risks. AB - Most of the recent cases of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) reported have occurred in menstruating women and adolescents although some cases have been reported in nonmenstruating women, children, and men. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of high fever, vomiting, and diarrhea and can rapidly progress to hypotension and shock. Tampon use has been linked to development of toxic shock syndrome, and Staphylococcus aureus has been cultured from a significant number of cases. The exact roles played by both Staphylococcus aureus and tampons in the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome remains unknown. Tampons also have been associated with other health problems in women. Nurses can advise preventive measures to reduce the risks of developing toxic shock syndrome and other tampon related problems. PMID- 6551546 TI - [A 2-year trial period]. PMID- 6551547 TI - [Child abuse - an important problem about which midwives need to take a stand]. PMID- 6551548 TI - [Deepening values in midwifery]. PMID- 6551549 TI - [WHO's Medium Term Program in nursing and midwifery and its implementation]. PMID- 6551550 TI - [What is nursing science?]. PMID- 6551551 TI - [The assistance given to future parents at maternity health clinics]. PMID- 6551552 TI - [The rocking chair in the delivery room, or how a midwife's work has been developed and given a more comprehensive aspect at the Kanta-Hame central hospital]. PMID- 6551553 TI - [Defining nursing--identifying "nursing theory", "nursing science", and "the nursing process" --an interpretation]. PMID- 6551554 TI - [Topics in medicine: the urine of patients with bladder cancer]. PMID- 6551555 TI - [Topics in medicine: nurses handling antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 6551556 TI - [Medical topics: oral litholytic agents]. PMID- 6551557 TI - [Home care practiced in the United States and the problems in Japan. 1. The role, organization, and activities of home care within the framework of regional health care]. PMID- 6551558 TI - [Care of the terminal patient and the attitude of nursing personnel]. PMID- 6551559 TI - [Symposium: research on nursing education]. PMID- 6551560 TI - [Shift in health care and the role of nursing: changes seen in regional nursing activities]. PMID- 6551561 TI - [Topics for 1983: message from Ms. Fumiko Omori, president of the Japanese Nursing Association]. PMID- 6551562 TI - [A community hospital built by the community members to serve the area]. PMID- 6551563 TI - [Health needs to be perceived by the nursing profession]. PMID- 6551564 TI - [Health care shift and social science]. PMID- 6551565 TI - [The role of public health in geriatric health care in the future]. PMID- 6551566 TI - [Happy mothers and babies: a report from the clinical practice of neonatology]. PMID- 6551567 TI - [Laws concerning nursing. 1]. PMID- 6551568 TI - [Lecturing poems at a nursing school]. PMID- 6551569 TI - [Systematic nursing--nursing process in practice (6)]. PMID- 6551570 TI - [Symposium: ethics in nursing]. PMID- 6551571 TI - [When patients fall into silence. Patients of few words]. PMID- 6551572 TI - [When patients fall into silence. Getting a would-be suicide to talk]. PMID- 6551573 TI - [Identifying the problems of silent patients]. PMID- 6551574 TI - [Nursing and communication]. PMID- 6551575 TI - [When patients fall into silence. Silence is telling]. PMID- 6551576 TI - [Nursing of a malaria patient]. PMID- 6551577 TI - [To know more about the law concerning PHNs, Midwives and nurses]. PMID- 6551578 TI - [Profile: Miss Tomoko Sakamoto, a public health nurse working with Yokohama Municipal Government issues monthly letters to rehabilitate patients at home]. PMID- 6551580 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance]. PMID- 6551579 TI - [Neural tube defects/impotence]. PMID- 6551581 TI - [Home care in U.S. and our current problems]. PMID- 6551582 TI - From the other side of the bed. PMID- 6551584 TI - Nursing is a ministry. PMID- 6551585 TI - Correctional nursing. PMID- 6551583 TI - Are women "hard to organize"? PMID- 6551586 TI - Using your head about your feet. PMID- 6551587 TI - American Nurses' Association individual Federal income tax changes and deductions -1982. PMID- 6551589 TI - [Survey report on nursing education, 1982. Education and Research Department]. PMID- 6551588 TI - [Changes in nursing-related regulations. In industrial safety and health law]. PMID- 6551590 TI - [Adolescent depression and its nursing care]. PMID- 6551591 TI - [Response to human sexuality]. PMID- 6551592 TI - [Sex education of adolescents]. PMID- 6551593 TI - [A study of nursing students' attitude towards the health care delivery system]. PMID- 6551595 TI - [Changes in nursing-related regulations. In medical law]. PMID- 6551594 TI - A design for a health education program. Cigarette smoking and health for junior high school. PMID- 6551596 TI - [The ILO's international standards: what they mean for nurses]. PMID- 6551597 TI - [When life crisis expresses itself as illness]. PMID- 6551598 TI - [Education outside of the hospital. Nursing--a broad field]. PMID- 6551599 TI - [Various important neurotic disorders]. PMID- 6551600 TI - [What is psychosomatic medicine?]. PMID- 6551601 TI - [Terminal care in the German Democratic Republic? Observations on an essay by Ernst Luther, Halle]. PMID- 6551602 TI - [Acquaintance with Islamic medicine]. PMID- 6551603 TI - Why should I run through the pain? PMID- 6551604 TI - Developing a wellness lifestyle. PMID- 6551605 TI - Nurses wellness and weight control. PMID- 6551606 TI - Community health nursing: integration of two nursing specialties for innovative care. PMID- 6551607 TI - [Pathophysiology of chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6551608 TI - [Keypoint of nursing planning]. PMID- 6551609 TI - [Frontier of science. The utilization of photoenergy]. PMID- 6551610 TI - [Nursing care of the schizophrenic patient]. PMID- 6551611 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6551612 TI - [Nursing process in chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6551614 TI - [Symptoms and nursing care: hyperthermia]. PMID- 6551613 TI - [Care of the chronic rheumatoid arthritis patient from a case study]. PMID- 6551615 TI - [Illustrated instruction of the patient with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6551616 TI - [Nursing care of femoral arch fracture in the elderly]. PMID- 6551617 TI - [Search for the developmental potentials of the severely handicapped and retarded child]. PMID- 6551618 TI - [Psychology of the cancer patient]. PMID- 6551619 TI - [Introduction to case studies]. PMID- 6551620 TI - [Conference: learning from clinical practice. Aids to the rehabilitation of the cardiac patient]. PMID- 6551621 TI - [Fluid therapy seminar. 1]. PMID- 6551622 TI - Networking: a vital link to the advancement of nursing practice. PMID- 6551624 TI - Nurses in advanced practice. Interview by RoAnne Dahlen. PMID- 6551623 TI - Nursing's new pioneers. PMID- 6551625 TI - Sexual harassment at work. PMID- 6551626 TI - Ann Hargreaves returns from fact-finding in El Salvador. PMID- 6551627 TI - Finnin and Robinson testify on comparable worth bill. PMID- 6551628 TI - [Infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6551629 TI - [Erysipelatous inflammation]. PMID- 6551630 TI - [Scarlatina]. PMID- 6551631 TI - [Diphtheria]. PMID- 6551632 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of tetanus]. PMID- 6551633 TI - [New hemorrhagic fevers]. PMID- 6551635 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6551634 TI - [Yellow fever (epidemiology and prevention)]. PMID- 6551636 TI - [Treatment of ichthyosis]. PMID- 6551637 TI - [Characteristics of the care of infectious patients]. PMID- 6551638 TI - [Hospital infections]. PMID- 6551639 TI - [Problems of medical deontology in the work of a nurse in an infectious disease hospital]. PMID- 6551640 TI - [Viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6551641 TI - [Noonan's syndrome]. PMID- 6551642 TI - [Clinical x-ray study of the breasts]. PMID- 6551643 TI - [Plaster-cast immobilization of fractures of the hand bones]. PMID- 6551644 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of male sterility]. PMID- 6551645 TI - [Somnambulism]. PMID- 6551646 TI - [Hypotensive agents in pediatric practice]. PMID- 6551647 TI - [Nutrition in old age]. PMID- 6551648 TI - [Physical methods in treating alcoholism patients]. PMID- 6551649 TI - [Cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. PMID- 6551650 TI - [Nurse's work in a dental therapy office]. PMID- 6551652 TI - [Social service nurse]. PMID- 6551651 TI - [Therapeutic use of a magnetic field]. PMID- 6551653 TI - [Is hypnosis harmful to children?]. PMID- 6551654 TI - [Harm from the abuse of alcoholic beverages]. PMID- 6551655 TI - [Prevention of pneumonia in a children's collective]. PMID- 6551656 TI - [Hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils]. PMID- 6551657 TI - Relationship of urinary kallikrein excretion to renal water and sodium excretion. AB - The circadian rhythms of urine volume and urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, kallikrein, and aldosterone were analyzed by a multivariate method (cosinor method) in 20 healthy Japanese women on an ordinary diet. The relationship of urinary kallikrein and aldosterone excretion to urine volume and urinary sodium and potassium excretion was studied by assessing the correlation of the circadian rhythms. The acrophases in the circadian rhythms of urine volume (16:51) and urinary sodium excretion (16:55) appeared after the acrophase of urinary kallikrein excretion (15:28). There was a highly significant correlation between the circadian rhythm of urinary kallikrein excretion and the circadian rhythms of urine volume (r = 0.948) and urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.921). These results suggest that the renal kallikrein-kinin system participates in the regulation of renal water and sodium excretion in persons on an ordinary diet. A highly significant relationship between the acrophases in the circadian rhythms of urine volume and sodium excretion (r = 0.935) also suggests that water and sodium excretion may have a mutual influence on the kidneys. There were positive correlations between the circadian rhythms of potassium excretion and kallikrein excretion and potassium excretion and sodium excretion; and the latter relationship was relatively closer than the former. The acrophase in the circadian rhythm of aldosterone excretion did not correlate well with the acrophases of the other urine variables including sodium excretion. PMID- 6551658 TI - Who controls nursing practice? PMID- 6551659 TI - The shoemaker's shoeless child. PMID- 6551660 TI - The development of a nursing practice ... or so you want to go into private practice? PMID- 6551661 TI - Autonomy, professionalism, & collective bargaining. PMID- 6551662 TI - Alcoholism. PMID- 6551663 TI - Nuclear proliferation. Can it be managed? PMID- 6551664 TI - When patients ask about this and that. PMID- 6551665 TI - An unnecessary investigation? PMID- 6551666 TI - Cardiotocography in the pre-term period - a special role for the midwife. PMID- 6551668 TI - A system of practical assessment using the MACIT SCORE. PMID- 6551667 TI - Reform in antenatal care - a comparison of three reports. PMID- 6551669 TI - A method of skin care for the newborn. PMID- 6551670 TI - Continuing education program in review. PMID- 6551672 TI - How can nurses be attracted to theatre work? Why did I choose theatre nursing and did I achieve my goals? PMID- 6551671 TI - Mortality and the surgical patient. PMID- 6551673 TI - Operating theatre use. PMID- 6551674 TI - Personal highlights of some visits to AORN. PMID- 6551675 TI - Planning operating departments No. 6. Glossary of terms used in hospital building cost control. PMID- 6551676 TI - Planning operating departments No. 7. Commissioning theatres. PMID- 6551677 TI - Better communication between manufacturers and their product users. PMID- 6551678 TI - Applying for a job. PMID- 6551679 TI - Manual peritoneal dialysis multiple bag set-up for CAPD patients. PMID- 6551680 TI - Management style: catalyst for success or failure in the dialysis unit. PMID- 6551681 TI - Treatment of renal osteodystrophy with Dialume recipes. PMID- 6551682 TI - Taking added care. PMID- 6551684 TI - An experience with biocompatible hemoperfusion in a pediatric overdose. PMID- 6551683 TI - Renal failure: pathophysiology, assessment and intervention. PMID- 6551686 TI - Right atrial catheters (Broviac and Hickman). Indications, insertion, maintenance and protocol for home care. PMID- 6551685 TI - Making the NITA standards work for you. PMID- 6551687 TI - Care of the Broviac catheter. PMID- 6551688 TI - Herpes simplex infections. PMID- 6551689 TI - The humanistic side of management. PMID- 6551690 TI - Closing a diploma school: a time for flexibility & creativity. PMID- 6551691 TI - The demise of a baccalaureate program for registered nurses: lessons learned. PMID- 6551692 TI - Helping staff nurses use learning modules. PMID- 6551693 TI - Naloxone: administering this narcotic antagonist safely. PMID- 6551694 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing interventions. Part 1. PMID- 6551695 TI - Promoting electric safety. PMID- 6551696 TI - Sharing. Six chiles, p.r.n. PMID- 6551697 TI - Medication errors. Confirm drug names in telephone orders. PMID- 6551698 TI - Chest trauma. PMID- 6551699 TI - Help your COPD patient take a better breath--with inhalers. PMID- 6551700 TI - Wound healing: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6551701 TI - When George wanted to take charge, we decided to let him. PMID- 6551702 TI - Sharpen your vascular assessment skills with the Doppler ultrasound stethoscope. PMID- 6551703 TI - Save your diabetic patient from early kidney damage (continuing education). PMID- 6551704 TI - An orthopedic assessment you can do in 15 minutes. PMID- 6551705 TI - Helping families survive S.I.D.S. PMID- 6551706 TI - More operating rooms or better use of resources? PMID- 6551707 TI - Twenty quickies. Supervisors who don't notice employees today will notice problems tomorrow. PMID- 6551708 TI - Job enrichment. PMID- 6551709 TI - Pediatric intensive care. PMID- 6551710 TI - Put some spice into learning. PMID- 6551711 TI - A simple but demanding exercise. PMID- 6551712 TI - The black manager: poise in perspective. PMID- 6551713 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Education of instructors. PMID- 6551714 TI - Art and science of management: power, realism and compromise. PMID- 6551716 TI - Focus: on employer support of the Guard and Reserve. PMID- 6551715 TI - Systems approach to staffing. PMID- 6551717 TI - Labor--based budgeting. PMID- 6551718 TI - The nurse as advocate: a cantankerous critique. PMID- 6551719 TI - The role and educational needs of OH nurses. 4. Some selected issues. PMID- 6551720 TI - Health screening in the power industry. PMID- 6551722 TI - Health risks for flabby Britain. PMID- 6551721 TI - OH nursing afloat--2. PMID- 6551723 TI - Where does your debris end up? PMID- 6551724 TI - OH and safety problems and the Third World. PMID- 6551725 TI - OH nursing afloat. 3. Further aspects of the nurse's role at sea. PMID- 6551727 TI - How much should you be paid? PMID- 6551726 TI - Health screening in the power industry. 2. PMID- 6551728 TI - Safety: OH needs in the Third World. PMID- 6551729 TI - The only way ahead? PMID- 6551730 TI - Diseases of sprout pickers. PMID- 6551731 TI - First aid and home safety training in the community. PMID- 6551732 TI - Health screening in the power industry. PMID- 6551733 TI - Mini ECG card-carrying program: something new for your wallet. PMID- 6551734 TI - An educational model to prepare the baccalaureate nurse for occupational health nursing. PMID- 6551735 TI - The 1985 proposal: from a negative to a positive viewpoint and why. PMID- 6551736 TI - Winning: the art of successful negotiation. PMID- 6551737 TI - Importance of pre-employment physicals. PMID- 6551738 TI - Access to employee medical records. PMID- 6551739 TI - The justification of power. PMID- 6551740 TI - When an employee tells you that she has been raped. . . . PMID- 6551741 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: known safety and unknown risks. PMID- 6551742 TI - Traveling with the occupational health nurses in China: a perspective today. PMID- 6551744 TI - Continuing education: when and why for you? PMID- 6551743 TI - Confidentiality and the duty to warn. PMID- 6551745 TI - The new tax changes. Part II. Educational costs and federal taxation. PMID- 6551746 TI - [Report on nursing practice in the Zurich University Hospital]. PMID- 6551747 TI - [What does old age bring us and how do we manage it?]. PMID- 6551748 TI - [Ripe for retirement]. PMID- 6551750 TI - More than a doctor's handmaiden. PMID- 6551749 TI - Budgetary needs of the State Board of Nurse Examiners. PMID- 6551751 TI - Nursing the patient with AIDS calls for special care and knowledge. PMID- 6551753 TI - Test services for schools of nursing 1983-84. PMID- 6551752 TI - Nurse practitioner runs STD clinic in Central Penna. PMID- 6551754 TI - Conducting research as a group. PMID- 6551755 TI - The student has a problem: whose responsibility. PMID- 6551757 TI - Nurse vs. nurse educator: conflicting roles for the teacher of nursing. PMID- 6551756 TI - Sounds of wellness. PMID- 6551758 TI - The value of gaming and simulations. PMID- 6551759 TI - Evaluation trends. PMID- 6551760 TI - Winners and losers. PMID- 6551761 TI - Assessing the job performance of nursing home staff. AB - Nursing employees at four nursing homes participated in the development of Behavioral Anchored Rating Scales (BARS) to measure the job performance of individual nurses and aides. The reliability of the BARS performance measures was examined by having the immediate supervisors evaluate the job performance of nurses and aides in ten nursing homes. The BARS evaluations had significant convergent reliability between two independent evaluations of the same employees. There were no significant differences in the employees' performance ratings provided by two independent raters. Moreover, both raters tended to agree on the direction and magnitude of the changes in job performance ratings that were recorded over a six-month interval. The BARS evaluations, however, indicated a leniency bias because the performance ratings tended to cluster in the upper half of the scale ranges. There was also a "halo" effect in the evaluations, resulting in little discriminant reliability between the employees' performance ratings on different job dimensions. PMID- 6551762 TI - Nurses' attitudes toward dimensions of nursing practice. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine nurses' attitudes toward nursing behaviors. The research question was: What is the relative importance that nurses attribute to certain dimensions of nursing behaviors? In order to answer this question, an attitudinal instrument was developed and administered to a sample of 196 female nurses whose names were obtained from the deans and directors of the nine NLN schools in Connecticut. Five a priori constructs were used as a basis for validation in the instrument development--the utilization of a unique body of knowledge and skills; the utilization of the nursing process; research ability; leadership ability; and teaching, prevention, and maintenance. Objectives, which were obtained from each of the nine schools in Connecticut, as well as from the NLN, constituted the items in the measuring instrument. Factor analysis of the instrument yielded seven factors, accounting for 63.1 percent of the total variance. Three of these factors were the same factors as those identified in the a priori analysis. The results of this study contribute toward a better understanding of nurses' perceptions of the importance of several identified components of the nursing role. PMID- 6551763 TI - Co-workers and hospital staff's work attitudes: individual difference moderators. AB - The specific implications of the patient care motives of health care staff are considered for the relationship between experiences with co-workers and attitudinal criteria. Personal attitudes toward co-workers (member attraction) and perceptions of strain among co-workers (group fragmentation) are found to be significantly related to intrinsic reward satisfaction and propensity to leave. The implications of individual differences are addressed by considering the moderating effects that internal-external control orientation and need for achievement have on the relationship between work group variables and work attitudes. Modest evidence is found that member attraction is more highly related to work attitudes for externals than for internals. Work group experiences are also found to be more highly related to work attitudes for technicians, aides, and orderlies, who have a low need for achievement than for others in this staff group. High need for achievement is found to be associated with high intrinsic reward satisfaction and low propensity to leave for both staff groups. It is cautioned that these findings may not generalize to many non-health-care settings. It is suggested that hospital supervisors should be sensitive to differences among individuals' responses to group pressures and stresses, even when precise personality measures are not available to them. PMID- 6551764 TI - Small-scale administration of instruments and procedures. PMID- 6551765 TI - The impact of end-stage renal disease. PMID- 6551766 TI - An exploration of paternal-fetal attachment behavior. AB - A 63-item questionnaire utilizing the modified Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (PFA) (Cranley, 1981), the Marital Relationship Scale (Wapner, 1976), and the Physical History Scale (Wapner, 1976) was tested on 100 expectant fathers who had wives in their third trimester of pregnancy. Scores on the PFA were positively correlated with the strength of the marital relationship as perceived by the expectant father during pregnancy. A positive but weak association was shown between paternal-fetal attachment and the incidence of physical symptoms resembling pregnancy in the expectant father. Further testing of the PFA and related variables is indicated. PMID- 6551767 TI - Prepared childbirth and marital satisfaction during the antepartum and postpartum periods. AB - A longitudinal study of 105 couples, this study addresses whether there is a change in marital satisfaction throughout the perinatal period and whether any changes in the marriage or the labor and delivery might be attributable to the type of preparation for childbirth engaged in by the couple. Analysis of the demographic variables indicated that the groups were very similar. The only difference was that the Lamaze women had 16 years and the hospital-instructed women had 15 years of education (p less than 0.048). ANCOVA analysis indicated that there was not a significant difference in the couple or female score from the 24-28 weeks of pregnancy to 3-21 days postpartum, but there was a significant difference (p less than 0.04) in the male score after taking Lamaze vs. hospital based classes. With both the husbands and wives there was an improvement in the marital satisfaction from 24-36 weeks of pregnancy to 3-21 days postpartum. When the initial level of marital satisfaction was controlled statistically, no correlation was found between the couples marriage score and the male and female years of education, age, SES, length of labor, medication in labor, and choice of rooming-in. The labor variables indicated that the Lamaze group had a slightly longer labor than the hospital group, but they used significantly less medication (p less than 0.05) and chose rooming-in more often (p less than 0.06). PMID- 6551768 TI - Identifying procedural components for analogue research of labor pain. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify procedural components to be used in analogue studies of preparatory techniques for childbirth. The questions asked were (a) which of four laboratory pain stimuli (modified submaximum effort tourniquet technique. Forgione-Barber pain stimulator, cold water stimulus, faradic shock) is most similar to the pain associated with the transition phase of labor? and (b) what is the patterning and duration of contractions and intercontraction intervals in this phase? Forty primiparous women rated their contractions (within 48 hours following delivery) and rated the four laboratory stimuli (six to eight weeks postpartum) using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Significant correlational relationships were found between each laboratory stimulus and contraction ratings. Uterine monitor records were scored to obtain contraction and intercontraction data: mean number and duration of contractions, mean duration of intercontraction intervals. The general patterning of these variables was relatively stable. In a subsequent laboratory trial using the above parameters, the Forgione-Barber pain stimulator was found to be the stimulus of choice. PMID- 6551769 TI - Models of helping and coping in childbirth. AB - How professionals help clients is hypothesized to depend on whether clients assume responsibility for either problems or solutions. This paper outlines four possible models of helping and coping (based on the four possible combinations of client responsibility for problems and solutions) and applies them to understanding current practices in childbirth. Each of the models is shown to govern one or more forms of help presently offered to childbearing clients. Future research is proposed to assess why different practitioners prefer different models, and whether certain models are more effective than others in maintaining parent and infant health. PMID- 6551770 TI - Use of Rogers's conceptual system in research: comments. AB - This exposition examines testing of Rogers's theoretical constructs in the unitary man model, reflecting upon one published research article. It addresses two critical points of importance: (1) adequacy and appropriateness of the logic used to derive the research hypotheses; and (2) appropriateness of the research methodology used to test Rogers's model. This analysis indicates that interpretations of the principles of homeodynamics require a careful attention to the model's basic premise of evolution, noncausality, and probability. Operationalization of concepts for an empirical testing of the theory also requires an adherence to the basic premise of wholeness, that is, the unitary nature of human field. It also points out a serious shortcoming in the inferential power of research findings from animal studies for explanations of human phenomena within the context of Rogers's model. PMID- 6551771 TI - An exploration of the relationships between cognitive style, interpersonal needs, and the eudaimonistic model of health. PMID- 6551772 TI - Retention of a folk-healing practice (matiasma) among four generations of urban Greek immigrants. AB - This article reports a field investigation (N = 328) of a folk-healing practice (matiasma) among a population of urban Greek immigrants in Ohio. While orthodox Western health care is used by this community, the Greek population has also retained ethnomedical beliefs and practices that differ dramatically from those of scientific health care. This study delineates specific facets of matiasma, the configuration surrounding the evil eye. By tracing the retention of knowledge and use of this configuration over a four-generation period, this paper demonstrates the importance of generation depth as a variable in transcultural nursing research. PMID- 6551773 TI - Beware the "informed" consent. PMID- 6551774 TI - Role differentiation between nurse and physician: implications for nursing. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether a series of systematic dialogue sessions among nurses, consumers, and physicians would result in consensus regarding (a) unique areas of nursing practice as differentiated from medical practice and (b) areas of common practice shared by both professions. A stratified sample of 72 nurses, consumers, and physicians met monthly for 20 months in small multidisciplinary groups to discuss areas of health care such as health promotion and maintenance, communication in health relationships, access to medical records, illness self-care, cost considerations, and ethics. Perceived areas of role differentiation between nurse and physician were identified through analysis of (a) verbatim transcripts of the structured dialogue sessions and (b) a subsequent Likert-type inventory completed by all dialogue participants. While no unique nursing domain emerged from the respondents' data, a substantial percent of responsibilities and behaviors were viewed as overlapping areas of practice for nurses and physicians. The data suggested (a) demonstrated health care arenas where nursings' role is formally acknowledged, (b) lack of clarity within the nursing profession regarding competencies unique to the discipline of nursing, and (c) a continuing public image of nursing as an extender of functions performed by the physician. PMID- 6551775 TI - Energy expenditure during leg exercise programs. AB - Comparisons of the effects of three exercise programs (active, passive, and isometric) and a rest program (control) on energy expenditure (oxygen consumption), heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were made. Thirty six volunteers (18 men and 18 women) between the ages of 25 and 35 participated. Repeated measures ANOVAs (sex by program by time) were used to analyze the data. Significant program by time effects were obtained on oxygen consumption, heart rate, respiratory rate, and systolic blood pressure. In general, pair-wise comparisons indicate that for oxygen consumption and heart rate the isometric and active programs were comparable and significantly more demanding than either the passive or rest programs. PMID- 6551776 TI - An exploratory investigation of causal thinking of arthritics. AB - Research in academic achievement situations suggests that the causes people give for achievement events are linked to subsequent behaviors, emotions, and expectations. An attributional analysis of the causes arthritics gave for their condition tested the limits of the attributional model in the situation of chronic illness. Results indicated that the assumption that causal thinking occurs needs further testing. Fifteen percent of the subjects did not give causes. Those not giving causes were significantly more anxious, more depressed, and more hostile than those who had constructed causes. In terms of the dimensions of attribution theory, the results suggest that when causes are given, they do not easily fit within the classification scheme currently proposed. Suggestions for testing of the attributional model in clinical situations are offered. PMID- 6551777 TI - Communication variables and voice analysis of marital conflict stress. AB - Pauses, laughter, interruptions, and questions were postulated to be inversely related to marital conflict stress, which was measured by voice analysis of spouses using the Psychological Stress Evaluator. Conflict between spouses was stimulated by the Inventory of Marital Conflicts. Sixty-eight middle-class couples volunteered to participate. Because communication variables were positively related to stress, the hypotheses were not supported. It is postulated that stress as measured in this study was a function of problem-solving activity rather than marital conflict. Significant correlations between communication variables indicate that this pattern of communication may be valuable as an assessment index of family system health. PMID- 6551778 TI - The process of theory analysis: an examination of the nursing theory of Dorothea E. Orem. AB - The process of theory analysis is undertaken examining the nursing theory of Dorothea E. Orem on three levels, using the analytic framework devised by Barbara J. Stevens. The commonplaces of the theory are described, the elements and principles are identified, the internal construction is examined, and the theory as a whole is then evaluated in terms of its relationship to modern nursing. PMID- 6551779 TI - Television news coverage of nurse strikes: a resource management perspective. AB - The quality of television news coverage of nurses' strikes and other labor activities plays a crucial role in expanding such conflicts to the public with either prolabor or promanagement colorations. It was found that access to the medium was influenced by the magnitude of the disruption. Nurse unions are benefited by more positive television news coverage when they (1) project an image of solidarity, (2) maintain unity over time, and (3) receive the support of other types of health-care workers. As predicted, hospital administrators were the most negative in televised comments about striking nurses. PMID- 6551780 TI - Effects of a self-directed learning project and preference for structure on self directed learning readiness. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of preference for structure and a self-directed learning (SDL) project on the SDL readiness of junior-class baccalaureate nursing students. The sample was divided into a control group consisting of two sections (N = 50) who did not conduct an SDL project, and an experimental group consisting of two sections (N = 54) who did conduct an SDL project. Preference for structure was measured by Ginther's Reactions to Statements; SDL readiness was measured by Guglielmino's Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). Before treatment, both groups of students and both groups of faculty were similar on these research variables. Data were analyzed by multiple regression analysis of covariance, with pretest SDLRS scores as the covariate. It was concluded that neither preference for structure nor conducting an SDL project contributed significantly to the variance in posttest SDL readiness, but the interaction of these two variables did contribute. The findings suggest that persons who prefer low structure benefit from SDL teaching more than do persons who prefer high structure. PMID- 6551781 TI - Why patients follow through on referrals from the emergency room and why they don't. PMID- 6551782 TI - Breast examination. PMID- 6551783 TI - Temperature analysis. PMID- 6551784 TI - Lifting techniques. PMID- 6551785 TI - Potential sources of type I error and possible solutions to avoid a "galloping" alpha rate. PMID- 6551786 TI - SNIPPET with a big future. PMID- 6551787 TI - New dimensions: a diversional programme for patients with cancer. PMID- 6551788 TI - New dimensions: diversional therapy in practice. PMID- 6551789 TI - Mental health nursing. The Journal of the Psychiatric Nurses Association. PMID- 6551790 TI - Mental health nursing. Counselling skills for students. PMID- 6551791 TI - Mental health nursing. Defining goals. PMID- 6551792 TI - Breakdown. 6. Psychopathic disorders. PMID- 6551793 TI - Strengthening unit management. PMID- 6551794 TI - The reality game. PMID- 6551795 TI - Child health. Care of the dying child. 1. PMID- 6551796 TI - Postoperative analgesia. PMID- 6551797 TI - What have we achieved? PMID- 6551798 TI - The price of a prescription. PMID- 6551799 TI - Women's health: only when I laugh. PMID- 6551800 TI - Women's health: an alternative approach. PMID- 6551801 TI - Research with a human touch. PMID- 6551803 TI - Management case study: who's in charge? PMID- 6551802 TI - Long-term catheterisation--a survey of home care. PMID- 6551804 TI - Nurse Smith's notes. Understanding drug treatment. 8. PMID- 6551805 TI - Commonwealth Nurses Federation. PMID- 6551806 TI - A philosophy of mental handicap in community care. PMID- 6551807 TI - Child health. Care of the dying child. 2. PMID- 6551808 TI - Women's health: women under threat? PMID- 6551809 TI - Wound Care No. 17. Wounds of the eye. PMID- 6551810 TI - The consensus begins to dissolve. PMID- 6551811 TI - The positive approach. Interview by Alison Dunn. PMID- 6551812 TI - Spreading the word. PMID- 6551813 TI - Intensive care. The intra-aortic balloon pump in the coronary care unit. PMID- 6551814 TI - Intensive care. The pulmonary artery catheter. PMID- 6551815 TI - Spotlight on children. PMID- 6551816 TI - Spotlight on children. Co-ordinating the care of the child. PMID- 6551817 TI - Spotlight on children. Drugs in paediatrics. PMID- 6551818 TI - Spotlight on children. Modern workhouse masters? PMID- 6551819 TI - Spotlight on children. Hope for the future. PMID- 6551820 TI - Promoting research-awareness in post-basic nursing courses. PMID- 6551821 TI - I see a processed light at the end of the tunnel. PMID- 6551822 TI - Child health: politics and priorities. PMID- 6551824 TI - Me and my ward: staff first. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6551823 TI - Continuing assessment as it operates within a school of nursing. PMID- 6551825 TI - From a student's point of view. PMID- 6551826 TI - The potential use of Entonox by nurses in A&E departments. PMID- 6551827 TI - An MSc in nursing. PMID- 6551828 TI - Pursuit of knowledge. PMID- 6551829 TI - Mastering research. PMID- 6551830 TI - Rcn Congress 1983. Playing the political game. PMID- 6551831 TI - Rcn Congress 1983. Hands, hearts - and heads. Interview by Jane Salvage. PMID- 6551832 TI - Rcn Congress 1983. Hold the front page! PMID- 6551833 TI - Rcn Congress 1983. Is there a nurse in the House? PMID- 6551834 TI - Nursing goes into the market place. PMID- 6551836 TI - School nurses amalgamate. PMID- 6551835 TI - On the record. PMID- 6551837 TI - Face to face. PMID- 6551838 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. 2. PMID- 6551839 TI - Nursing care study: a patient with Pick's disease. PMID- 6551840 TI - A behavioural approach to reduce shouting. PMID- 6551841 TI - Planned change in nursing. PMID- 6551842 TI - Nursing care study: subacute bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 6551843 TI - Where to keep what. PMID- 6551845 TI - Even nurses have feelings. PMID- 6551844 TI - Change for the better. PMID- 6551846 TI - Practice makes perfect. Interview by Jane Salvage. PMID- 6551847 TI - Crisis of confidence. PMID- 6551848 TI - We still need two levels. PMID- 6551849 TI - Nursing care study: epilepsy--a new approach. PMID- 6551850 TI - Nurse Smith's notes: understanding drug treatment. 9. Pain. PMID- 6551851 TI - Incontinence advice. 1. Long-term catheterisation. PMID- 6551852 TI - Incontinence advice. 2. Continence in the elderly. PMID- 6551853 TI - Controlling chronic pain. PMID- 6551855 TI - Pain control. 1. The pain relief team. PMID- 6551854 TI - My views on intrasmuscular pain-killing. PMID- 6551856 TI - Cholera in Northern Nigeria. PMID- 6551858 TI - Nurses can develop practices to contribute to a healthy old age. PMID- 6551857 TI - Birth of a health service. PMID- 6551859 TI - Eradication of Hansen's disease and tuberculosis. PMID- 6551860 TI - Health care delivery in the future. PMID- 6551861 TI - Continuing education for nursing personnel. PMID- 6551862 TI - Nursing care of mentally retarded children. PMID- 6551863 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 3. Malignant skin conditions. PMID- 6551864 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 3. Malignant skin conditions: squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 6551865 TI - Time for action. PMID- 6551866 TI - How to survive your training. PMID- 6551867 TI - Law: don't take consent for granted. PMID- 6551868 TI - People make the difference. PMID- 6551869 TI - Psychology. 8. Friction on the ward. PMID- 6551870 TI - Strategies for dealing with discomfort. PMID- 6551871 TI - Drugs and the elderly: keep taking the tablets. PMID- 6551872 TI - The customer could be right. PMID- 6551873 TI - Biochemistry. 6. At your service. PMID- 6551874 TI - Nursing care study: added complications. PMID- 6551875 TI - Agency nursing. PMID- 6551877 TI - Rcn round-up. PMID- 6551876 TI - Are men starting a new era in nursing? PMID- 6551878 TI - Matters of conscience. No such thing as a free lunch. PMID- 6551879 TI - Preparation before promotion? PMID- 6551881 TI - High notes - and low notes. PMID- 6551880 TI - Management of computers: from dust to disaster. PMID- 6551882 TI - Infused with safety. PMID- 6551883 TI - Psychology. 9. Adapting to illness. PMID- 6551884 TI - Law: extension of life. PMID- 6551885 TI - Female chauvinists. PMID- 6551886 TI - Biochemistry. 7. Acid/base balance. PMID- 6551888 TI - A voyage to discover the nature of man. PMID- 6551887 TI - Nursing care study: sentenced for life. PMID- 6551889 TI - Nursing in Greece. PMID- 6551890 TI - The future direction of nurse education. PMID- 6551891 TI - Nursing education conference. Stand up for your rights. PMID- 6551893 TI - Nurse education conference. Mightier than an army. PMID- 6551892 TI - Nursing education conference. Back to basics. PMID- 6551894 TI - Nurse education conference. Completing the circle. PMID- 6551896 TI - Opening the gates on gender traits. PMID- 6551895 TI - Three ways to succeed. PMID- 6551897 TI - Banking on blood. PMID- 6551899 TI - Democracy at work. PMID- 6551898 TI - Nurses and nuclear war. PMID- 6551900 TI - Understanding headache. PMID- 6551901 TI - Blind and deaf, but not daft as well. PMID- 6551902 TI - Psychology. 10. Another way of learning. PMID- 6551904 TI - Social security. 1. Find the leaflet. PMID- 6551903 TI - Management: a framework for planning. PMID- 6551905 TI - Law: ask mothers first. PMID- 6551906 TI - Nursing care study: double indemnity. PMID- 6551907 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 3. Madness - care or containment. PMID- 6551908 TI - Are you value for money? PMID- 6551909 TI - Women and children first. PMID- 6551910 TI - Nursing in Ireland: under the nuns' influence. PMID- 6551911 TI - Danger: points under pressure. PMID- 6551913 TI - A guessing game. PMID- 6551912 TI - Psychology. 11. Am I dying, nurse? PMID- 6551914 TI - Law: protection of the unborn child. PMID- 6551915 TI - Nurse education conference: meeting society's requirements. PMID- 6551916 TI - Management: it could happen to you. PMID- 6551918 TI - Biochemistry. 9. Formation of acids. PMID- 6551917 TI - Concepts of death. PMID- 6551919 TI - Nursing care study: diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6551920 TI - Behavioural psychotherapy. PMID- 6551921 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 4. Coronary care. PMID- 6551922 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 4. Myocardial infarction. PMID- 6551923 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 4. Easing the heartache. PMID- 6551924 TI - Never mind the label. PMID- 6551925 TI - Treating epilepsy. PMID- 6551926 TI - In the best possible care. PMID- 6551927 TI - Management: a picture of health. PMID- 6551928 TI - Management: the good old days. PMID- 6551929 TI - I'm in charge! PMID- 6551931 TI - Look before you leap. PMID- 6551930 TI - Education: a clutch of concepts. PMID- 6551932 TI - Law: danger invites rescue. PMID- 6551933 TI - Biochemistry. 12. The control of breathing. PMID- 6551934 TI - Nursing care study: Glory be! PMID- 6551936 TI - Inside Poland. PMID- 6551935 TI - Clinical nurse specialist. PMID- 6551937 TI - [Antibiotic strategy in nosocomial infections]. PMID- 6551939 TI - What is the surgeon's liability for a negligent act by an assisting nurse? PMID- 6551940 TI - Nursing care of patients with burned hands. PMID- 6551938 TI - Sleep patterns through the lifecycle. PMID- 6551941 TI - The role of the burn nurse. PMID- 6551942 TI - Pain, functional impairment and rheumatoid arthritis: an initial inquiry. PMID- 6551943 TI - Analgesic consultation. PMID- 6551944 TI - Nurse specialists: prime legal targets. PMID- 6551945 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. AL: newborn death: good R.N. notes. D.C.: informed consent: cortisone injections. PMID- 6551946 TI - Executing doctors' orders: nursing judgment. Case in point: Williams v. Dept. of Health (422 So. 2d 1258--LA). PMID- 6551947 TI - Healthy elderly: social bonds and locus of control. AB - An investigation into social relationships and their connection to health was integrated into a 5-year prospective study of nutrition and immunobiology in 300 healthy elderly persons. The data were collected from a subsample of 40 individuals by interview, using the Interview Schedule for Social Interaction (ISSI), the Rotter I-E Locus of Control Scale, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC). This group did not differ from the general population in terms of their social relationships. The mean locus of control expectancy score was 6.5 +/- 3.3, indicating an internal group. There was a statistically significant relationship between internality and availability of social integration, but no differences based upon sex or age for the ISSI or Rotter's I-E Locus of Control Scale. PMID- 6551948 TI - An analysis of the impact of authorship on the image of the nurse presented in novels. AB - Content analysis of 201 novels published from 1843 to 1980 with important nurse characters was used to identify variables associated with nurse, physician, and nonhealth care provider authorship and the quality of the resultant image of nurses and nursing. Nurse authors were more likely to depict nurses as contributing to patients and other persons, being commended, using autonomous judgment, taking greater satisfaction in their career, exhibiting drive, and being engaged in the performance of nursing care activities. They also portrayed novel nurses as more nurturant, empathic, powerful, and intelligent, and as valuing service to others and scholarliness to a greater extent than other authors. Of all authors, physicians presented the most negative nurse images; they were the least likely to endow nurse characters with positive personality and behavior traits. On the other hand, physicians were the most likely to show nurses valuing and being engaged in sexual activities. The fact that nurse authors, who were more prominent during the first 60 years of this century, have given way to a dominance of physician authors during the past 20 years demands intervention by the nursing profession in encouraging nurses to become more active in this form of artistic popularization of scientific ideas and professional health care roles. PMID- 6551949 TI - Relationships between temperament and development in preschool children. AB - In this study the relationship between temperament and development in preschool children was determined. Thirty-one children, age 3 and 4 years old, were selected from day-care centers. The child's temperament was measured with the Behavioral Style Questionnaire. Cognitive-verbal and motor development were assessed using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the Goodenough Draw-a-Person Test, and the developmental subtests of the Comprehensive Identification Process. Significant correlations (p less than .05) using the Pearson product moment were found between development and six categories of reactivity for temperament: activity, rhythmicity, approach, adaptability, mood, and persistence. All significant correlation coefficients showed an inverse relationship between temperament and developmental scores. This suggests that children who are mildly active, rhythmic, adaptable, persistent, approachable, and have a positive mood attain a more advanced developmental level during their preschool years. PMID- 6551950 TI - Validation of two experimental nursing approaches using content analysis. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the recorded content of two experimental nursing interventions used in a hypertensive-education program. One intervention was characterized as deliberative or high indirect, the other as task-centered or low indirect. A total of 4,149 nurse-patient interaction units was derived from 62 typed interview transcripts, equally representative of both approaches. Two trained coders categorized the interactions, based upon recurring themes of the teaching content; 24 distinct topical categories were identified. Intercoder agreement above chance for all 4,149 interaction units was k = .68, with confidence limits of 99% +/- .03, p less than .0001. A space-time unit for quantifying the relative amounts of time spent on the various categories also was developed, and analyses were conducted for space-time units as well as interaction units. The main findings showed no definable differences in the frequency of categories or the amounts of time spent in their discussion in the two approaches. These results were contrasted to results obtained when the validity of the nursing approaches was tested previously, and differences between the two interventions in attaining social and health goals were interpreted in light of the findings of the content analysis. PMID- 6551952 TI - Organising nursing care - how it was - how it is - how it could be. PMID- 6551951 TI - Stresses and coping strategies of neonatal intensive care unit nurses. AB - The purposes of this study were to investigate the nature of the psychological stresses experienced by neonatal intensive care unit nurses and to describe the coping strategies they reported using to alleviate them. Sixty nurses from eight hospitals participated. Ten categories of stressful experiences were identified. A coping scale using short-story problem situations as stimuli was constructed. Factor analysis of the mean ratings of 13 coping strategies produced three factors: Cognitive Processing, Using Personal Skills, and Escape. Analysis of variance using these ratings and stress levels of the stories showed a significant main effect for stress level and a significant interaction between coping factors and stress levels. No significant differences in coping strategies were found by hospital or by the nurse variables of tenure (length of time) in the unit, education, or experience. PMID- 6551953 TI - Nurse researchers miss out on funds. PMID- 6551954 TI - The political power nurses might wield. PMID- 6551955 TI - Nursing and politics go hand in hand. PMID- 6551956 TI - Conflicting interests and ambitions can be a source of political strength. PMID- 6551957 TI - Nurses are naive politically speaking. PMID- 6551958 TI - The 24th annual conference of the Rcn Research Society. PMID- 6551960 TI - The rights of babies at birth. PMID- 6551959 TI - Policy paper a positive step towards averting crisis. Document suggests new structure for education. PMID- 6551961 TI - 'Change' is a dirty word. PMID- 6551963 TI - Putting the case for OH nurses. PMID- 6551964 TI - The future direction of nurse education. PMID- 6551962 TI - Complex communication in health care setting. PMID- 6551965 TI - New law provides nursing profession with exciting new opportunities. PMID- 6551966 TI - Tumor-specific tRNA modifications in mouse plasmacytomas and other tumors. AB - RPC-5 chromatography has been used to analyze the aa-tRNA populations found in normal organs and in various tumors in experimental animals. The most extensively studied animal systems have been mineral-oil-induced mouse plasmacytomas and carcinogen-induced rat hepatomas. Certain aa-tRNA species appear to be tumor specific, e.g., rat hepatoma phenylalanyl-tRNA1 and plasmacytoma asparaginyl tRNAs2-4. In addition, one of the tumor-specific peaks of asparaginyl-tRNA can be found in normal livers of animals bearing plasmacytomas at a distant site. Many other significant quantitative and qualitative differences among histologically similar plasmacytomas and between normal tissues and plasmacytomas were observed in the chromatographic patterns of isoaccepting aa-tRNAs for 11 of 20 amino acids. Some of the qualitative differences in chromatographic patterns could be correlated with the tumorous nature of the tissue using computer analysis. The program utilized cluster analysis to compare the RPC-5 patterns of aa-tRNAs from 11 plasmacytomas and two normal tissues for each of the 20 amino acids. The variations in these chromatographic profiles are though to be caused by varying degrees of incomplete synthesis of some of the normally modified nucleosides in tRNAs. PMID- 6551968 TI - [The laser and its medical applications]. PMID- 6551967 TI - [The adolescent section of Montreal]. PMID- 6551969 TI - [The rehabilitation nurse: necessity, role and function]. PMID- 6551971 TI - [Vomiting in infants]. PMID- 6551970 TI - [Malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6551972 TI - [Technic: cystoscopy]. PMID- 6551973 TI - [Acute poisoning in adults: household, agricultural, industrial poisoning]. PMID- 6551974 TI - [Analgesia in cancer patients]. PMID- 6551975 TI - [Autonomy]. PMID- 6551976 TI - [Associative life and retirement]. PMID- 6551977 TI - [On the way to the hospital]. PMID- 6551978 TI - [Too much powdered milk offered]. PMID- 6551979 TI - [Nitrates and water destined for human consumption]. PMID- 6551980 TI - [Study of the scope of work to determine health manpower]. PMID- 6551981 TI - [Scope of work in nursing care in a burn center]. PMID- 6551982 TI - [Scanography]. PMID- 6551983 TI - [Therapeutics: potassium]. PMID- 6551984 TI - [Cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 6551985 TI - [Cranial trauma]. PMID- 6551986 TI - [Pharyngitis]. PMID- 6551987 TI - [A pharmacist at the hospital: what for?]. PMID- 6551988 TI - [Anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 6551989 TI - [The healthy, the invalids...and the others]. PMID- 6551990 TI - [A health care notebook for the patient]. PMID- 6551991 TI - [The hospital and the Economic and Social Council]. PMID- 6551992 TI - [Records of Chantepie]. PMID- 6551993 TI - [How to get rid of tattooing]. PMID- 6551994 TI - [Hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6551995 TI - [Patients who disturb...]. PMID- 6551996 TI - [Drepanocytosis: signs, complications]. PMID- 6551997 TI - [Hospital organization and administration. Schedule planning]. PMID- 6551998 TI - [Nursing in support of the health objective for everyone in the year 2000]. PMID- 6551999 TI - [Genetics: a new specialty]. PMID- 6552000 TI - [Nutritional education]. PMID- 6552001 TI - [Cardiology (I). Diagnosis. 1. The electrocardiogram (E.C.G.)]. PMID- 6552002 TI - [Abortion, yes or no . . ]. PMID- 6552003 TI - [Lesions due to cold]. PMID- 6552004 TI - [Trash disposal in hospitals]. PMID- 6552005 TI - [Nosocomial infections. Vascular catheters]. PMID- 6552006 TI - [Anatomy of the heart]. PMID- 6552007 TI - [Health workers: addicts? suicidal?]. PMID- 6552008 TI - [Fats and oils]. PMID- 6552009 TI - [WHO: nursing in Spain]. PMID- 6552010 TI - [Trauma of the ICU]. PMID- 6552011 TI - [Transactional analysis and nursing]. PMID- 6552012 TI - [Experiences and studies of a maternal education unit]. PMID- 6552013 TI - [What Salamanca does not give]. PMID- 6552014 TI - Meetings without yawns. PMID- 6552015 TI - Finally, prenatal preparation for big sisters- and brothers-to-be. PMID- 6552016 TI - Ten perils of mechanical ventilation... and how to hold them in check (continuing education). PMID- 6552017 TI - Troubleshooter's notebook. PMID- 6552018 TI - The shock, the stigma, the ways you can ease the emotional pain. PMID- 6552019 TI - Clinical casebook: when clues confuse. PMID- 6552020 TI - Diabetes today. The new insulin pumps: tight control--at a price. PMID- 6552021 TI - Diabetes today: a day in the life: the continuous infusion routine. PMID- 6552022 TI - Post-MI sex: those unspoken fears. PMID- 6552023 TI - Doctor, brush up on your manners! PMID- 6552024 TI - Typical tracings in sinus bradycardia and tachycardia. PMID- 6552025 TI - New drugs of the year, Part 2. PMID- 6552026 TI - Legally speaking. When in doubt, check it out. PMID- 6552027 TI - What price 'progress'? PMID- 6552029 TI - Become a sophisticated consumer. PMID- 6552028 TI - Winning ways at work. PMID- 6552030 TI - Peer helpers: working with adolescents. PMID- 6552031 TI - Occupational health nurses work for everyone. PMID- 6552032 TI - Heterogeneity of human amyloid protein AA and its related serum protein, SAA. AB - The heterogeneity of the human amyloid proteins SAA and AA was studied. Both proteins could be separated into several fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. Amino acid analysis of the ion-exchange-chromatographed fractions of protein AA showed that the main difference was in the length of the polypeptide. Thus, it seems that the original AA preparation consists of a mixture of AA proteins with length ranging from 66 to 78 amino acid residues. By enzymatic degradation of three different forms of SAA with kallikrein, fragments were formed with a molecular weight very similar to that of protein AA. PMID- 6552033 TI - [The "carative" factor in teaching empathy in nursing care]. PMID- 6552034 TI - [Communication, indispensable but sometimes difficult]. PMID- 6552035 TI - [After studies: reality shock]. PMID- 6552036 TI - [Health assessment of "transmissions"]. PMID- 6552037 TI - [Sharing: an original point of view on relationships in health care]. PMID- 6552038 TI - [Nursing records. An experience at the Hospital of Dunkirk]. PMID- 6552039 TI - [Environment and quality of night]. PMID- 6552040 TI - [The nurse administrator, 7 years later...]. PMID- 6552041 TI - [The interview: or how to encourage nurses to better know their patients]. PMID- 6552042 TI - [Stuttering in adults]. PMID- 6552043 TI - [The voice after surgery for cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 6552044 TI - [Voice and speech disorders in adults. Great importance of rehabilitation]. PMID- 6552045 TI - [Surgical technics of vocal rehabilitation after total laryngectomy]. PMID- 6552046 TI - [Voice disorders]. PMID- 6552047 TI - [Stay of a laryngectomee in a specialized center]. PMID- 6552048 TI - [Education of laryngectomees before the intervention]. PMID- 6552049 TI - [Voice disorders of neurologic origin]. PMID- 6552050 TI - [Sexual dysfunctions in women]. PMID- 6552052 TI - [Sexology: a young specialty]. PMID- 6552051 TI - [Sexuality and menopause]. PMID- 6552053 TI - [Male sex disorders]. PMID- 6552054 TI - [Premature ejaculation]. PMID- 6552055 TI - [Sexual physiology in man]. PMID- 6552056 TI - [Different therapies in sexology]. PMID- 6552057 TI - [Medications and sex behavior]. PMID- 6552058 TI - [Problems raised by sexuality in adolescence]. PMID- 6552059 TI - [Sexual physiology of women]. PMID- 6552060 TI - [Clinical aspects of hysteric neurosis]. PMID- 6552061 TI - [Hysteria]. PMID- 6552062 TI - [Emma's story. Scenes of provincial life. Play in several acts (failures and successes)]. PMID- 6552063 TI - [Therapeutic club: stage and backstage. Anne and her double-face]. PMID- 6552064 TI - [Who is Marie?]. PMID- 6552065 TI - [Hysteria in child psychiatry practice. Depression and the body in children in the latency stage. Hysteria? Psychosomatics? Hypochondria?]. PMID- 6552066 TI - [Hysteric psychoses]. PMID- 6552067 TI - [Approaches to ergotherapy]. PMID- 6552069 TI - [Delusions. Very varied psychotic manifestations]. PMID- 6552068 TI - [Psychoanalytic approach to delusions]. PMID- 6552070 TI - [Care plans. Manic disorder]. PMID- 6552071 TI - [Role of the nurse in mental health or search for a professional identity beyond that role]. PMID- 6552072 TI - [Chronic delusions]. PMID- 6552073 TI - [Childhood and nutritional risk in tropical Africa]. PMID- 6552074 TI - [Tropical childhood avitaminoses]. PMID- 6552076 TI - Atty. General's opinion shocks nursing. PMID- 6552075 TI - [Nutritional anemias in childhood]. PMID- 6552077 TI - Collaboration of nursing service & nursing education in S.C. PMID- 6552078 TI - [Uterine inversion]. PMID- 6552079 TI - [Technic of uterine revision]. PMID- 6552080 TI - [Acute articular rheumatism]. PMID- 6552081 TI - [Pathology of childbirth]. PMID- 6552082 TI - [Chronic juvenile arthritis and daily life]. PMID- 6552083 TI - [Normal childbirth]. PMID- 6552084 TI - [Language acquisition and disorders]. PMID- 6552085 TI - [Current practical attitude when faced with metrorrhagia in the first trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6552086 TI - [Sensory deficits and their screening]. PMID- 6552087 TI - [Neurologic development of the normal newborn infant. Importance of a harmonious development]. PMID- 6552088 TI - [Developmental evaluation at 9 months of age]. PMID- 6552089 TI - ["The story of Alain who could hear little and spoke very badly"]. PMID- 6552091 TI - [Neurologic and psychological development of the neonate and of the infant]. PMID- 6552090 TI - [School and the hospitalized child]. PMID- 6552092 TI - [Do nurses realize who they are?]. PMID- 6552093 TI - [Health care research theories and methods]. PMID- 6552094 TI - [Nursing research. Environmental change for research and use of its results]. PMID- 6552095 TI - [Technology. Joint model for local agreement on new technology]. PMID- 6552096 TI - [Reductions. Discussion must be based on concrete figures not on feelings]. PMID- 6552097 TI - [A quick reaction to the application to the Minister of the Interior]. PMID- 6552098 TI - [Nursing research. We must argue for nursing and use of resources]. PMID- 6552100 TI - Practice complaint--ethical or legal? PMID- 6552099 TI - [FTF's opinion: Denmark cannot save itself from crisis]. PMID- 6552101 TI - Baccalaureate education: a foundation for practice. PMID- 6552102 TI - Nursing really is 'coming of age'. PMID- 6552103 TI - The absence of release of the plasminogen activator after venous occlusion in a Fletcher trait patient. PMID- 6552104 TI - [The part-advice Privacy from the Central Council]. PMID- 6552105 TI - [How do nurses with Intermediate Professional Education function in the Groningen Academic Hospital?]. PMID- 6552106 TI - [Surgery of the pancreas]. PMID- 6552107 TI - [You can't quibble about stress]. PMID- 6552108 TI - [Primary nursing]. PMID- 6552109 TI - ['Is the pot still bubbling?' Nursing care in thoracic drainage]. PMID- 6552110 TI - [Therapy compliance and the role of the health professional]. PMID- 6552111 TI - [A good idea, then what . . .? On the achievement of renovations in the nursing service]. PMID- 6552112 TI - [Day care for aphasia patients]. PMID- 6552113 TI - [Hypnosis and nursing]. PMID- 6552114 TI - [Depression. IV. Depression from a social psychological viewpoint]. PMID- 6552115 TI - [The disciplinary responsibility of physicians for professional mistakes of nurses]. PMID- 6552116 TI - Influence of elastase-induced emphysema and the inhalation of an irritant aerosol on deposition and retention of an inhaled insoluble aerosol in Fischer-344 rats. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema and the inhalation of an irritant aerosol (Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant similar to those used in a number of pressurized consumer products) on pulmonary deposition and retention of an insoluble test aerosol, 59Fe-labeled Fe2O3. Untreated rats or rats pretreated by intratracheal instillation with elastase were exposed to an aerosol of 59Fe-labeled Fe2O3 either 18 hr or 7 days after exposure to aerosolized Triton X-100 which was administered in doses of 20, 100, or 200 micrograms/g of lung. Rats pretreated with elastase had significantly lower pulmonary deposition of 59Fe than the untreated controls (p less than 0.005). Pulmonary deposition of Fe2O3 was unaffected by pretreatment with Triton X-100. Elastase treatment alone had no effect on retention of Fe2O3. Triton X-100 administered 18 hr prior to exposure of rats to Fe2O3 aerosol resulted in dose related increases in whole-body retention of 59Fe. When rats were exposed to Triton X-100 7 days before exposure to Fe2O3, increased retention of 59Fe was noted only in those treated at the highest Triton X-100 dose level (200 micrograms/g). PMID- 6552117 TI - A pioneering effort: the artificial heart. PMID- 6552118 TI - Aortic valve replacement: a team effort. PMID- 6552119 TI - Interview: Diane Karsten. PMID- 6552120 TI - Nursing management. Guidelines for implementing change. PMID- 6552121 TI - Cardiac resuscitation. PMID- 6552122 TI - Team work a key to satisfaction. PMID- 6552123 TI - Rewards for an RCU nurse. PMID- 6552124 TI - Work group of European nurse-researchers. PMID- 6552125 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome - "cot death". PMID- 6552126 TI - The nurses responsibility on the ward. PMID- 6552127 TI - Occupational health service - what is it? PMID- 6552128 TI - The role of the infection control nurse. PMID- 6552129 TI - Staff nursing: the united way. PMID- 6552130 TI - The effect of Roy's first level and second level assessment on nurses' determination of accurate nursing diagnoses. PMID- 6552131 TI - Nursing in the 90's--will you be ready? PMID- 6552132 TI - Issues in development of the Norfolk, Virginia In Vitro Fertilization Clinic. PMID- 6552133 TI - Caring. PMID- 6552134 TI - Tribute to staff nurses. PMID- 6552136 TI - Nursing diagnosis: who needs it! PMID- 6552135 TI - Resources for the staff nurse. PMID- 6552137 TI - Non-degree continuing nursing education needs of Alberta registered nurses. PMID- 6552138 TI - Position paper on home care. Alberta Association of Registered Nurses. PMID- 6552139 TI - Technology, size, environment, structure in nursing sub-units. PMID- 6552140 TI - Nurses in primary care. The new gatekeepers? PMID- 6552141 TI - Burn scars. Fighting the effects. PMID- 6552142 TI - Glaucoma update. PMID- 6552143 TI - Hospital hazards: cancer drugs. PMID- 6552144 TI - A new test for blood sugar. PMID- 6552145 TI - Fluid-induced hyponatremia in infancy: a preventable problem. PMID- 6552146 TI - Understanding the use of basic statistics in nursing research. PMID- 6552147 TI - Intra-aortic balloon pump therapy. PMID- 6552148 TI - Don't let tactics trip you up. PMID- 6552149 TI - Distribution of immunoreactive kallikrein along the rat nephron. AB - We have used a direct radioimmunoassay to localize kallikrein along the corticomedullary axis of the rat kidney and in microdissected rat cortical nephron segments. As previously seen in rat and dog, kallikrein content was highest in the outer cortex and decreased progressively toward the papillary tip. In microdissected cortical nephron segments, the highest kallikrein content was found in the connecting tubule [176 +/- 16 (SE) pg/mm tubule length (n = 12)]. In addition, a significant amount of kallikrein was found in distal convoluted tubules [53 +/- 4 pg/mm (n = 14)], initial collecting tubules [75 +/- 10 pg/mm (n = 14)], and cortical collecting ducts [37 +/- 4 pg/mm (n = 13)]. Little or no kallikrein was found in glomeruli, proximal convoluted tubules, proximal straight tubules, and cortical thick ascending limbs. These results are compatible with a site of action of the kallikrein-kinin system in the cortical segments of the rat distal nephron. PMID- 6552150 TI - Levels of elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of healthy smokers and nonsmokers. AB - Elastase activity was measured in concentrated, cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), using the synthetic substrate butyloxycarbonyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl L-valyl-amino-methylcoumarin. The BAL fluids obtained from young, asymptomatic smokers with normal urine desmosine concentrations 1 h after they had smoked 2 cigarettes showed significant increases in elastase levels compared with those in nonsmoking control subjects [nanomoles substrate hydrolyzed (3 h) per milligram lavage albumin = mean 2.7 +/- 1.9 SD (11 smokers) versus 0.5 +/- 0.4 (11 nonsmokers), p less than 0.01]. Repeated BAL samples were obtained at later times from one smoker with a high initial enzyme value and from one nonsmoking control subject. Elastase activity varied over time, but both subjects consistently remained within their respective group ranges. Inhibition studies on pooled BAL from smokers showed that the elastase activity present had properties of both serine and metalloenzymes, suggesting that neutrophils and/or monocytes (serine enzyme) as well as macrophages (metalloenzyme) contributed to the observed activity. Lung lavage cells obtained from 2 of the smokers and 2 of the nonsmokers were stained with both a chromogenic substrate and by indirect immunofluorescence for the serine enzyme. Positively stained neutrophils were readily found in smokers' lavages, but no, or only rare, positive mononuclear cells could be identified. By contrast, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from all 4 subjects stained positively with either method. These results show that some asymptomatic smokers have significantly more elastase activity in their bronchopulmonary secretions than do nonsmokers (as measured with a low molecular weight synthetic substrate). Furthermore, the enzyme activity recovered in smokers' BAL appears to be derived mainly from neutrophils (serine enzyme) and macrophages (metalloenzyme), rather than from monocytes. PMID- 6552152 TI - Exam and continuing education are options for recertification. PMID- 6552151 TI - In vitro susceptibility patterns of methicillin-resistant and-susceptible Staphylococcus auerues strains in a population of parenteral drug abusers from 1972 to 1981. AB - Since 1980, infections caused by methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus have been epidemic among Detroit-area parenteral drug abusers. Because of the increasing importance of this pathogen, in vitro susceptibilities were compared for 39 isolates of MR S. aureus from 1980 to 1981, and for 56 strains of methicillin-susceptible (MS) S. aureus from 1972 to 1981, recovered from drug abusers with community-acquired infections. Agar dilution studies were performed at 35 degrees C, and minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined after incubation for 18 and 48 h. MR S. aureus exhibited cross-resistance to other beta lactam antibiotics which frequently required 48 h for expression. MR S. aureus isolates were also resistant to tetracycline, clindamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin. All MR S. aureus isolates investigated synthesized an aminoglycoside 4' nucleotidyltransferase. Emergence of resistance to cefotaxime, tetracycline, and clindamycin was noted among current MS S. aureus isolates. Vancomycin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and rifampin were the most active agents against MR S. aureus and were equally effective against MS S. aureus. PMID- 6552153 TI - Is the BSN grad a different product? PMID- 6552154 TI - Caring for patients with cerebral aneurysms. PMID- 6552155 TI - A glimpse of OR nursing in the USSR. PMID- 6552156 TI - Proposed recommended practices for monitoring the patient receiving local anesthesia. PMID- 6552157 TI - Proposed recommended practices for sponge, sharp, and instrument counts. PMID- 6552158 TI - Federation again plans to discuss structure. PMID- 6552159 TI - Trace anesthetic gases: an unproven health hazard. PMID- 6552161 TI - A perioperative elective for baccalaureate students. PMID- 6552160 TI - Streamlining OR cost accounting. PMID- 6552162 TI - No nursing shortage, national study says. PMID- 6552163 TI - 1983-2008: nursing practice. PMID- 6552164 TI - In person. PMID- 6552165 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse. Food allergy: fact or fiction? PMID- 6552167 TI - Antacids. PMID- 6552166 TI - The nurse and the law. The dangers of inexperience, traps for young players (Pt. I). PMID- 6552168 TI - Massage in a special care nursery. PMID- 6552169 TI - Pre-operative visiting--part of the O.R. nurse's role? PMID- 6552170 TI - Hospital malnutrition--the nursing response. PMID- 6552171 TI - The nurse and the law. The dangers of inexperience, traps for young players (Pt. 2). PMID- 6552172 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse: infant feeding. PMID- 6552173 TI - Substitutes--the ethics of promotion. PMID- 6552175 TI - The dengue fever threat. PMID- 6552174 TI - Miconazole. PMID- 6552176 TI - Quality assurance in NSW public hospitals. PMID- 6552177 TI - Baccalaureate degree--the issue of entry into nursing practice. PMID- 6552178 TI - Political action--some thoughts and reflections. PMID- 6552179 TI - Sex in nursing homes. PMID- 6552180 TI - Dietary factors and their probable role in blood vessel pathology. PMID- 6552181 TI - Understanding osteopathy. PMID- 6552182 TI - Parent education. PMID- 6552183 TI - Purification and properties of guinea-pig submandibular-gland kallikrein. AB - Guinea-pig submandibular kallikrein has been purified from the glands to electrophoretic homogeneity by conventional procedures. The enzyme is active as a kininogenase, releasing kallidin at a rate of 462 micrograms/min per mg of protein from bovine kininogen, and proved potently hypotensive in the guinea pig and in the dog, properties which indicate its tissue kallikrein nature. The specific activity determined on the substrate N-alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (11.1 mumol/min per mg of protein) is much lower than that measured with N acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (483 mumol/min per mg of protein). The latter value is of an order of magnitude comparable with the specific activities of other tissue kallikreins determined with this sensitive kallikrein substrate. The enzyme is a glycoprotein consisting of 237 amino acid residues and containing three to four glucosamine molecules. Its amino acid composition is not identical with that reported for guinea-pig coagulating-gland kallikrein, but is remarkably similar to that of the porcine tissue kallikreins. Apparent Mr values are 29000 (sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis) or 34000 (gel filtration). The amino acid sequence of the first 31 N-terminal residues was determined and was found to be closely homologous with that of other tissue kallikreins. PMID- 6552185 TI - Post-transcriptional regulation of ribosome formation in the nucleus of regenerating rat liver. AB - Kinetic experiments on RNA labelling in vivo with [14C]orotate were performed with normal and 12h-regenerating rat liver. The specific radioactivities of nucleolar, nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic rRNA species were analysed by computer according to the models of rRNA processing and nucleo-cytoplasmic migration given previously [Dudov, Dabeva, Hadjiolov & Todorov, Biochem. J. (1978) 171, 375-383]. The rates of formation and the half-lives of the individual pre-rRNA and rRNA species were determined in both normal and regenerating liver. The results show clearly that the formation of ribosomes in regenerating rat liver is post transcriptionally activated: (a) the half-lives of all the nucleolar pre-rRNA and rRNA species are decreased by 30% on average; (b) the pre-rRNA processing is directed through the shortest maturation pathway: 45 S leads to 32 S + 18 S leads to 28 S; (c) the nucleo-cytoplasmic transfer of ribosomes is accelerated. As a consequence, the time for formation and appearance of ribosomes in the cytoplasm is shortened 1.5-fold for the large and 2-fold for the small subparticle. A new scheme for endonuclease cleavage of 45 S pre-rRNA is proposed, which explains the alterations in pre-rRNA processing in regenerating liver. Its validity for pre rRNA processing in other eukaryotes is discussed. It is concluded that: (i) the control sites in the intranucleolar formation of 28 S and 18 S rRNA are the immediate precursor of 28 S rRNA, 32 S pre-rRNA, and the primary pre-rRNA, 45 S pre-rRNA, respectively; (ii) the limiting step in the post-transcriptional stages of ribosome biogenesis is the pre-rRNA maturation. PMID- 6552184 TI - Medium-chain fatty acid synthesis by goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase. The effect of limited proteolysis. AB - Fatty acid synthetase from goat mammary gland was subjected to limited proteolysis by trypsin and elastase. Both proteolytic enzymes selectively cleaved the chain-terminating thioester hydrolase component from the enzyme complex, leaving all other partial activities intact in the core peptides. Trypsin, but not elastase, caused extensive degradation of the released thioester hydrolase. The released thioester hydrolase could be purified to homogeneity by gel filtration. The molecular weight was estimated as 29 000 and the enzyme showed only significant hydrolytic activity toward long-chain acyl-CoA esters. The core peptides retained the ability to synthesize medium-chain acyl-CoA esters in the presence of 2,6-di-O-methyl-alpha-cyclodextrin. The results conclusively show that the terminating thioester hydrolase of goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase is not involved in termination of medium-chain-length fatty acid synthesis by this enzyme. PMID- 6552187 TI - Sequence of tRNALeu CmAA from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - The primary structure of Bacillus stearothermophilus tRNALeu was determined and found to be :pGCCGAUGs4UGGCGGAAUDGGCAGm1ACGCGCACGACUCmAAms2i6AA psi CGUGUGGGCUUUGCCCGUGUGGGT psi CGACUCCCACCAUCGGCACCA. The molecule has a large extraloop and contains only 8 minor nucleotides. There is a G at position 21 like in all other sequenced bacterial tRNAsLeu.m1A is in position 22, just before the D stem like in several other procaryotic tRNAs. The anticodon is CmAA and is adjacent to a ms2i6A in the 3'-direction. PMID- 6552186 TI - A Met-enkephalin-containing-peptide, BAM 22P, as a novel substrate for glandular kallikreins. AB - Homogeneous preparations of two well-characterized glandular kallikreins have been examined for their ability to hydrolyze BAM 22P, a methionine-enkephalin containing-peptide found in the adrenal medulla. Both enzymes cleaved preferentially the Arg6-Arg7 bond in this substrate. The specificity constant (kcat/Km) for this cleavage was 86 mM-1 sec-1 for horse urinary kallikrein and 566 mM-1 sec-1 for porcine pancreatic kallikrein. These results demonstrate a previously undescribed specificity for glandular kallikreins and suggest a possible role for these widely distributed enzymes in prohormone processing. PMID- 6552189 TI - Caring for patients with renal osteodystrophy. PMID- 6552190 TI - Summer camps prove rehabilitation is a reality. PMID- 6552188 TI - Aminoalkylphosphonofluoridate derivatives: rapid and potentially selective inactivators of serine peptidases. AB - Phosphonic acid analogs of N-Cbz-alanine and N-Cbz-phenylalanine have been converted to the ester and amide fluoridates and evaluated as inactivators of elastase (EC 3.4.21.11) and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1). These inhibitors, which mimic the natural peptide substrates, are the most potent inactivators of elastase and chymotrypsin yet reported, showing a modest selectivity which correlates with the substrate specificity of the two enzymes. PMID- 6552191 TI - Renal osteodystrophy: a self study program. PMID- 6552192 TI - Roundtable. VI. Effects of maternal nutrition on fetal and neonatal survival. PMID- 6552193 TI - Birth and rooming-in: lessons learned from the forest indians of Brazil. PMID- 6552194 TI - A prospective study of mothers' attitudes and feelings following cesarean and vaginal births. PMID- 6552195 TI - A survey of parents' attitudes toward their cesarean births in Manitoba hospitals. PMID- 6552196 TI - How do parents really feel after cesarean birth? PMID- 6552197 TI - Birth room transfer and procedure rates--what do they tell about the setting? PMID- 6552198 TI - Social consequences of obstetric technology: the importance of measuring "soft" outcomes. PMID- 6552199 TI - An improved fluorogenic substrate for the alternative complement pathway C3/5 converting enzyme CVFBb. AB - By lengthening the sequence of a previously available tripeptide to a pentapeptide, we were able to increase the specificity of the substrate for the complement enzyme CVFBb (EC 3.4.21.47) over Factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.6). This increase in specificity was achieved by both an increase in the kcat/Km for CVFBb for the longer substrate compared to the original substrate, and a decrease in the kcat/Km for Factor Xa. The new substrate, Boc-Nle-Gln-Leu-Gly-Arg-amino methyl coumarin (AMC) was synthesized by coupling Boc-Nle-Gln-Leu-Gly to Arg-AMC in solution. p-Toluenesulfonic acid was added to the coupling mixture to improve the solubility of the arginine derivative and avoid the need for covalent protection. PMID- 6552200 TI - [Clinical evaluation of kininogenesis indices]. AB - The discrepancies between kininogenase, BAEE-esterase and BAPNA-amidase activity in plasma kallikrein were shown in experiments in vitro. The same discrepancies were detected during examination of children aged under 3 years suffering from bronchopulmonary diseases (acute and lingering pneumonia, bronchial asthma). In these children, prekallikrein, kallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor were determined at a time by the 3 methods (esterase, test-tube chromatographic and kininogenase ones). It has been shown that the kininogenesis intensity could be assessed objectively only in the measurement of the kininogenase activity of kallikrein contained by the whole plasma or its fractions. The esterase technique characterizes total factors of contact activation and does not reflect the activity of kallikrein, prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor. The test-tube chromatographic method might be regarded as objective only in the measurement of the kininogenase activity of the fractions that contain kallikrein or prekallikrein. PMID- 6552201 TI - [Method of estimating kininogenesis in blood plasma]. AB - It is suggested that the kininogenesis should be assessed from 3 forms of kallikrein which are detected on the basis of their kininogenase activity in whole blood plasma. Heating of blood plasma acidified to pH 3.0 for 15-20 min at 61 degrees C allows for the conditions under which the kallikrein inhibitors (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin) are destroyed whereas kallikrein, prekallikrein, low- and high-molecular kininogens (HMK) are preserved, thus constituting a complex of proteins making the kininogenase reaction feasible. Addition of purified preparations of HMK to the neutralized samples of normal and sick individuals' plasma permitted the demonstration that as the kallikrein is raised, the kininogenesis gets actually activated, during which the blood manifests, in the presence of kallikrein hyperactivity, a sufficient amount of HMK. Provided the kallikrein content drops by 50%, the kininogenesis is reduced, which is accounted for by depletion of blood HMK. A 70%- and a greater decrease in the kallikrein content attests to the kininogenesis reduction because of the diminished levels of HMK, prekallikrein and kallikrein. The regularities described have been confirmed by the agreement between the blood plasma kallikrein level and the concentration of blood free kinins revealed during examination of 68 normal individuals and 231 patients suffering from different inflammatory-allergic diseases of the respiratory and hepatobiliary organs, and from diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6552203 TI - Brush border membranes. PMID- 6552202 TI - Serial complement measurements in patients with leukaemia. AB - Haemolytic activity of the classical and alternative pathways and the levels of C4, C3 and factor B were serially measured in 153 serum samples of 41 patients with different types of leukaemia (9 AML, 14 ALL, 10 CML and 8 CLL). In parallel, the concentration of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was estimated using two methods, the complement consumption assay and the Clq-solubility test. Different complement profiles were found in different types of leukaemia. In AML, each complement parameter tested was elevated as compared to the control values (sera of healthy blood donors). Similar results were observed in ALL, although the differences were less marked. In CML, dissociation of the classical and alternative pathway activities was found: activities of the classical pathway and C4 were significantly elevated, whereas activity of the alternative pathway as well as C3 and factor B concentration did not differ significantly from the control values. In CLL, normal or slightly depressed complement levels were found. The concentration of circulating immune complexes measured by both methods was significantly increased as compared to control values. No significant positive or negative correlations were found between the complement levels and the immune complex concentrations determined in the same sera. An association between the clinical course of acute leukaemia and the complement levels was observed: significantly elevated complement titres were found in the blastic stage of the disease, whereas in remission normal values were recorded. The results of complement measurements performed in serum samples obtained before and after combination chemotherapy were compared on 32 occasions. In parallel to a significant decrease in the absolute number of blast cells in the peripheral blood, a normalization of the increased complement levels was observed after treatment. PMID- 6552204 TI - Regulation of cytoskeletal structure and contractility in the brush border. AB - Calcium plays a vital part in the regulation of cytoskeletal structure and contractility in the brush border of intestinal epithelial cells. An increased Ca2+ concentration causes a rapid but reversible solation of microvillar core filaments, which is mediated by an actin-'severing' protein of the core (Mr = 95 000), referred to as MV-95 K or villin. Results of recent experiments on the Ca2+ dependent interaction of MV-95 K with actin are summarized, and various functions for this actin-severing protein in the intestinal epithelial cell are discussed. Calcium also regulates contractility in the brush border, as shown by studies of isolated brush borders in vitro from chicken intestine. In the presence of Ca2+ (greater than 1 microM) and ATP (at 37 degrees C) isolated brush borders dramatically contract, over 1-4 min, via an isometric contraction of the terminal web region, similar to that observed by R. Rodewald on neonatal rat brush borders. This contraction is mediated, at least in part, by contraction of the circumferential bundle of actin filaments that are associated with the zonula adherens and may also involve myosin-mediated contractions between adjacent microvillar rootlets. Analysis of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of brush border proteins during terminal web contraction demonstrates a simultaneous phosphorylation of the regulatory light chain of brush border myosin. Like contraction, the brush border myosin kinase is activated by free Ca2+ (greater than 1 microM) and is inhibited by trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin function. These results demonstrate that the machinery required for both production and regulation of force are integral components of the brush border cytostructure. PMID- 6552205 TI - Characterization of membrane glycoproteins involved in attachment of microfilaments to the microvillar membrane. AB - We have characterized a novel integral membrane glycoprotein, from intestinal microvilli, with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 140 000 as measured by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This glycoprotein has been purified to homogeneity, and specific antibodies have been prepared to localize it immunocytochemically and to determine its topological organization with respect to the membrane bilayer. This protein's major features are: (1) in contrast to other major glycoproteins of the microvillus membrane it cannot be quantitatively extracted by detergents; (2) treatment of the core residue (an insoluble fraction which remains after Triton X-100 treatment of purified microvilli) with low-ionic-strength buffer in the presence of chelating agents promotes partial solubilization of the amphipathic glycoprotein; (3) controlled proteolysis with papain, using right-side-out sealed vesicles derived from microvilli, results in solubilization of the protein. Once solubilized by papain, the protein co-migrates (on SDS-PAGE) with the protein obtained by dialysis but, unlike the low-ionic-strength form, it does not bind detergents or exhibit hydrophilic properties. These observations are consistent with the protein having a small hydrophobic domain that anchors it to the microvillar membrane. Most of these features were reported some years ago for aminopeptidase, but this newly described protein has a distinct behaviour with respect to its association with microfilaments. We have demonstrated that the 110K protein, a major cytoskeletal protein of the lateral bridges, will bind to the glycoprotein in vitro. These observations suggest that this 140K polypeptide is a transmembrane protein and may provide attachment sites in vivo for cytoskeletal proteins. PMID- 6552206 TI - Structural and functional relationship between the membrane and the cytoskeleton in brush border microvilli. AB - Electron microscopic and biochemical studies have described the organization and composition of microvilli from chicken intestinal brush borders. An actin-based cytoskeleton, composed of a paracrystalline core of bundled microfilaments, maintains the finger-like shape of the membrane through a helical array of membrane-microfilament linkages. Two proteins, fimbrin and villin, are components of the core bundle in situ and can independently bundle the actin filaments in vitro. Structural studies comparing microvillar core bundles with villin bundles and fimbrin bundles suggest that fimbrin, and not villin, is the major actin filament-bundling protein in the microvillus core. These points, together with the capability of villin to sever actin filaments when activated by Ca2+, raise questions about villin's function in the microvillus. One possible explanation is that villin induces vesiculation of the membrane by disassembling the underlying cytoskeleton. PMID- 6552207 TI - Fetal antigens and cancer. PMID- 6552208 TI - Changes in secretory cells of hamster tracheal epithelium in response to acute sublethal injury: a quantitative study. AB - Secretory cells are reported to rapidly increase in number when the tracheobronchial epithelium is irritated. We suggest that this acute change results from accumulation of secretion granules within specialized albeit unobstrusive secretory cells rather than from conversion of undifferentiated cells to secretory cells of the production of new cells by mitosis. This hypothesis was tested in hamster tracheal epithelium 6, 12, and 24 hr after intratracheal instillation of elastase in saline or saline alone. Basal, secretory, and ciliated cells and cells of indeterminate character were quantified by counting 1400 cells per hamster in 2 micrometers thick glycol methacrylate sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-lead hematoxylin. Secretory cells were characterized and quantified depending upon distribution patterns of the PAS-positive secretion granules and on the amount of intracellular secretion product. Thirty-two hamsters were studied; half of them received colchicine 6 hr prior to tissue sampling. Over 24 hr the percentage of ciliated cells showed no significant change and no morphological evidence of alteration was observed in this cell population; thus ciliated cells were excluded from the analysis. When the ciliated cell population was excluded, control and experimental values for the different cell categories remained statistically constant, if unavoidable classification errors at the light microscopic level were compensated for on the basis of ultrastructural features. Average control values for the non-ciliated cell population were: mitotic index 0.030, basal cells 27.8%, secretory cells 57.9%, and cells of indeterminate character 14.3%. Secretory product was decreased in secretory cells at 6 hr but thereafter secretion accumulated in these cells. At 24 hr the overall number of secretory cells appeared to be increased. However, the increase was apparent and not real and was accounted for by accumulation of secretion granules in preexisting but previously unobtrusive secretory cells. PMID- 6552209 TI - [Auxiliary nursing staff's performance appraisal]. PMID- 6552210 TI - [Nursing training course in the surgical center]. PMID- 6552211 TI - [Mens sana in corpore sano]. PMID- 6552212 TI - [What are you, nurse?]. PMID- 6552213 TI - [Humanization in the hospital]. PMID- 6552214 TI - [Intensity of kininergic reactions of the cardiovascular system in different activities of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system]. AB - The reactions of cardiovascular system at various intensities of kininogenesis were studied with the aid od dose--effect curves of bradykinin hypotensive action. Correlations were found between the intensity of kinin--induced reaction and the level of some components of the blood Kallikrein-kinin system. Activation of kininogenesis was accompanied by a decrease of kinin-reactivity whereas inhibiton of kinin formation was followed by an augmentation of the hypotensive kinin-induced reaction. PMID- 6552215 TI - Isolation of an elastase-like enzyme from skin lesions with Sweet's syndrome. PMID- 6552216 TI - Multiple sclerosis: immunogenetic analyses of sib-pair double case families. II. Studies on the association of multiple sclerosis with C2, C4, BF, C3, C6, and GLO polymorphisms. AB - The complement component polymorphisms of C2, C4, BF, C3, C6, and the enzyme polymorphism GLO were studied in 13 sib-pair double case families with multiple sclerosis. A significant association was seen between MS patients and the C4 haplotype A4,B2 as compared with their healthy siblings. This finding seems to parallel reports on C2 hypocomplementemia in MS patients since C4 A4,B2 in normal individuals was also seen to be in linkage disequilibrium with the C2 deficiency allele (C2QO) by other investigators. PMID- 6552218 TI - [Gastric polyps]. PMID- 6552217 TI - Effect of cycloheximide and of anti-C3 Fab' on the intrinsic synthesis and secretion of lysosomal enzyme and of complement components by guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages. AB - Without any additional stimulus, the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (beta-GLU) is secreted immediately from starch gel induced guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. A more than three-fold increase of the total enzyme activity in the course of 3 days and the reversible inhibition of this enzyme increase by cycloheximide prove the synthesis of beta-GLU. The synthesis rate of beta-GLU remains rather constant after the second day, despite rapid cell death in the same culture period which could be explained by heterogeneity of the macrophage population. Cycloheximide immediately inhibits secretion of C3 whereas inhibition of beta-GLU secretion is only observed after a lag phase of 24 h. Secretion of factor D and of beta-GLU is not altered if secreted C3 is totally neutralized by the addition of anti-C3 Fab' to macrophage cultures. Thus, endogenous C3 as well as its endogenously generated fragments do not influence these macrophage functions. In the same cultures with anti-C3 Fab', conversion of secreted factor B into its fragments is inhibited as indicated by the detection of functional B activity. These results indicate that the secretion of factor D and of beta-GLU is also independent of endogenous B-derived fragments such as Bb. Finally, the detection of functional B in cultures with anti-C3 Fab' proves that C3b is required for factor B activation. The apparent interaction of secreted C3 and factors D and B in regular macrophage cultures suggests the constant formation of the labile C3 convertase C3bBb of the alternative pathway. PMID- 6552219 TI - [Estroprogestative contraception]. PMID- 6552220 TI - [Social service and district psychiatry]. PMID- 6552221 TI - [Child and juvenile alcoholism]. PMID- 6552222 TI - [The aged insomniac]. PMID- 6552223 TI - [Organization of a medical treatment center]. PMID- 6552224 TI - [Exercise tests in cardiology]. PMID- 6552225 TI - [Tetany and spasmophilia]. PMID- 6552226 TI - In search of commonalities: an analysis of two theoretical frameworks. PMID- 6552227 TI - Homecare versus institutionalization: family caregiving and senile brain disease. PMID- 6552228 TI - Studies evaluating patient teaching: implications for practice. PMID- 6552230 TI - Violence in middle class homes. PMID- 6552229 TI - Gerontological nursing 1982. PMID- 6552231 TI - Disconnections. PMID- 6552232 TI - The Black Report and health education. PMID- 6552233 TI - Managing the health service. 2. Planning--are promises ever fulfilled? PMID- 6552234 TI - The Health Visiting Joint Committee and the future of the profession. PMID- 6552235 TI - Rickets: what should the health education message be? PMID- 6552236 TI - HVA hearing screening survey (No. 2). PMID- 6552237 TI - The group as a teaching instrument. PMID- 6552238 TI - A failure to breast feed. PMID- 6552239 TI - The nursing process and health visiting. PMID- 6552240 TI - Is health visiting meeting today's needs? PMID- 6552241 TI - Meeting the challenge of tomorrow's needs. PMID- 6552242 TI - Evaluating health visiting practice. PMID- 6552243 TI - Thoughts of a new mother. PMID- 6552244 TI - How volunteers can help in antenatal care. PMID- 6552245 TI - Know your organizations: Family Forum. PMID- 6552246 TI - [Scholarship report (American Society for Psychoprophylaxis in Obstetrics congress in Kansas City, Missouri)]. PMID- 6552247 TI - [Increased incidence of tissue rupture in pudendal block in delivery?]. PMID- 6552248 TI - [Parents' reactions to perinatal death]. PMID- 6552249 TI - [How should pethidine be administered?]. PMID- 6552250 TI - [Scholarship report (symposium on sexology)]. PMID- 6552251 TI - [Scholarship report (health care teachers' institute in Umea)]. PMID- 6552253 TI - [Music--and the unborn child. Interview by Sigrid Neuman]. PMID- 6552252 TI - [Crede prophylaxis]. PMID- 6552255 TI - [Scholarship report: Study trip to Moscow - maternal and child health services]. PMID- 6552254 TI - [Report on Swedish Midwives' Association's activities from 1 January 1982 - 31 December 1982]. PMID- 6552256 TI - [Baths or complete sponging of newborn infants after delivery?]. PMID- 6552257 TI - [Lucerne--can it influence milk production?]. PMID- 6552258 TI - Vancomycin therapy of oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB - Infections caused by oxacillin-resistant staphylococci were studied in 27 patients, who received vancomycin therapy as soon as the resistance of the pathogenic staphylococcal strain to oxacillin was documented. Therapy with vancomycin was usually started not later than 48 h after the onset of empiric therapy with oxacillin or cefamandole. In spite of high bactericidal activity in the serum of the patients receiving vancomycin, only 16 (59%) out of 27 patients responded to the treatment. Favourable clinical responses were usually associated with bacteriological cure, but super-infection by Gram-negative bacillary rods was a common complication in this series; it occurred in eight (30%) of the 27 patients studied. The overall death rate was 33% (9/27); death was associated in six patients with persisting staphylococcal infection and in three patients with Gram-negative bacillary superinfection of the bronchopulmonary tract, with or without persistent staphylococcal infection. PMID- 6552259 TI - Aging in the '80s. PMID- 6552260 TI - ROM versus NRx. PMID- 6552261 TI - Learning to care. PMID- 6552262 TI - The special needs of the older colostomy patient. PMID- 6552263 TI - Education: attitudes in transition. PMID- 6552264 TI - When a hospice is the answer. PMID- 6552265 TI - Transfer of antibiotic resistance between strains of Staphylococcus aureus in mixed culture of donor and recipient cells. AB - A procedure for demonstrating transferability of resistance to antibiotics between strains of Staphylococcus aureus in mixed donor and recipient culture is described. The method appears suitable for use even in field laboratory conditions. The laboratory-derived S. aureus mutant 5849-fur-r, rif-r was used as the recipient and the 53 multiresistant strains of S. aureus isolated from clinical material served as donors. The transferability of antibiotics resistance was confirmed in 26.4% of strains; the transfer of tetracycline resistance occurred at highest frequencies and was found to be most intensive. PMID- 6552266 TI - The clinical specialist as manager: myth versus realities. AB - This article advocates combining administrative power and professional power in middle management roles. The usual difficulties of the clinical specialist role with staff and the administrative hierarchy are contrasted with examples of the specialist as head nurse or clinical supervisor. The authors recommend blending clinical specialist-nursing manager roles as a strategy during budgetary cuts to retain clinical expertise in the institutional setting. PMID- 6552267 TI - Results of the nursing personnel survey, Part 3: RN salary and fringe benefits. AB - The third and last of a series of articles analyzing the results of the American Hospital Association's Nursing Personnel Survey of March 1981, this article discusses the presence or absence among responding hospitals of levels of clinical positions for full-time RNs and the average hourly salary ranges for these levels; beginning hourly salaries offered to applicants of differing educational preparation and experience; differentials paid to RNs working on various shifts; and the fringe benefits provided to RNs by the hospitals. PMID- 6552268 TI - Young graduate nurses: who are they and what do they want? PMID- 6552269 TI - Head nurses' activities and supervisors' expectations: the research. PMID- 6552270 TI - Head nurses' activities and supervisors' expectations: a nurse executive responds. PMID- 6552271 TI - Variable billing. PMID- 6552273 TI - The acnm in the 1980s: a crisis in leadership. PMID- 6552272 TI - A management progression system for nurse administrators, Part 3. AB - This article is the final segment of a three-part series describing a study undertaken by a task force at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, a 541-bed research facility in Bethesda, Maryland. The purpose of the task force was to develop a Management Progression System for Nurse Administrators. Part 1 of the series depicted the actual work of nurse administrators according to their managerial responsibilities, and defined such work as decision making. Part 2 of the series identified the skills and knowledge requisite to effective decision making for each of the three basic levels of managerial responsibility. This last segment of the series explicitly presents the components of the Management Progression System as they relate to implementation and evaluation of management development programs designed specifically for nurse administrators. PMID- 6552275 TI - Public opinion toward midwifery and home birth: an exploratory analysis. PMID- 6552274 TI - A refresher program for nurse-midwives: the Booth experience. PMID- 6552276 TI - Marketing midwifery. PMID- 6552277 TI - Image and reality: an evaluation of hospital alternative birth centers. PMID- 6552279 TI - Infection control. Foley catheters: problems and management. PMID- 6552280 TI - Patient charts and records. PMID- 6552278 TI - Taboos of childbearing and child-rearing in Bendel state of Nigeria. PMID- 6552281 TI - Maintaining hemostasis during surgery: an addendum. PMID- 6552282 TI - Scenes from a nursing home. PMID- 6552283 TI - Diet as adjunct therapy in congestive heart failure. PMID- 6552284 TI - Geriatric considerations for drug interactions (continuing education). PMID- 6552285 TI - New penicillins with extended spectrums. PMID- 6552286 TI - Hispanic natural support systems: implications for mental health services. PMID- 6552287 TI - The development of autonomy in adult women. PMID- 6552288 TI - Behavioral therapy for night bedwetting in children with parents as therapists. PMID- 6552289 TI - Assessment of suicide risk: some limitations in the prediction of infrequent events. AB - Efforts to predict suicide and attempted suicide generally have yielded equivocal results. Neither single signs, standard psychological tests, specially devised tests, clinical judgments nor scales are found to be able to predict suicide at useful levels. Prediction of suicide is hampered by the relative rarity of this behavior together with the inadequate specificity of clinical characteristics and antecedent events. No highly unique descriptive attributes of suicide committers have been discovered. Within these existing limitations, a set of potential predictor variables are presented that may result in improved prediction of suicidal risk. PMID- 6552290 TI - The development of suicide precautions for an inpatient psychiatric unit. PMID- 6552291 TI - Suicides in jails and prisons. AB - Suicide is the leading cause of death in jails and prisons and the rate is at least 3 times higher than the national average. Nonetheless, suicides in jails and prisons have received little professional psychiatric attention. A review of the relevant literature reveals a limited number of studies, many of which contain serious methodological flaws. The current literature does suggest that the psychiatric morbidity in jails and prisons is increasing and that administrative and environmental variables appear to be at least equal to personal characteristics in contributing to inmate suicides. Recommendations for future research efforts and practical applications are made. PMID- 6552292 TI - Panic attacks: a debilitating disorder for millions. PMID- 6552294 TI - [Changing of the guard]. PMID- 6552293 TI - [Clinical studies of long acting amoxicillin in oral surgery]. AB - Clinical studies with long acting amoxicillin (L-AMPC) have been carried out and the following results were obtained. 1. Forty-two patients with acute bacterial infections in the oral region were administrated orally L-AMPC at a daily dose of 1 gram. The clinical results obtained were classified as excellent in 3 cases, good in 28 cases, and the overall efficacy was 75.6%. 2. The antibacterial activity of AMPC was determined for 66 strains isolated from patients with oral infections. Of the strains tested, Gram positive cocci showed high sensitivity with MIC's less than 1.56 mcg/ml, while the sensitivity of PC resistance strains of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and P. vulgaris was lower. 3. There was 1 case of transaminase elevation in the laboratory finding. 4. Five patients reported the following side effects, eruption 3, diarrhea 2, nausea 1, anorexia 1 and malaise 1. From the results of the present study, it is considered that L-AMPC is a useful antibiotic in the treatment of acute bacterial infections in oral region. PMID- 6552295 TI - [Work at the maternity hospitals must acquire greater depth]. PMID- 6552296 TI - [Psychological aspects of miscarriage]. PMID- 6552297 TI - [The pregnant woman and alcoholic beverages]. PMID- 6552298 TI - [Observations of fetal movements - a link in the chain of pregnancy monitoring]. PMID- 6552299 TI - [Calculation of expected date of delivery in the Turku-Pori district]. PMID- 6552300 TI - [Intensification of nursing activities in maternity hospitals]. PMID- 6552301 TI - [Birth rate status and number of children desired. Can one establish a relationship between birth rate and community development?]. PMID- 6552302 TI - [Birth rate status. Number of children desired and actual situation]. PMID- 6552303 TI - [Profile: Yaeko Inada, a newly graduated nurse from the Law School of St. Paul University, will become a JNA staff member in April. Japanese Nursing Association]. PMID- 6552304 TI - [Sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6552305 TI - [Identity of Japanese-Americans with chronic schizophrenia]. PMID- 6552307 TI - [Nursing judgments rejected in the ICU]. PMID- 6552306 TI - [Systematic nursing care. 7. The nursing process in practice]. PMID- 6552308 TI - [Law concerning medical and health care for the aged has been enacted]. PMID- 6552309 TI - [When I had artificial pneumothorax treatment some 30 years ago]. PMID- 6552310 TI - [PHN's judgment leading to the early detection of developmental defects and the prevention of handicaps]. PMID- 6552311 TI - [When a doctor defers to a nurse's opinion]. PMID- 6552312 TI - [Diagnosing--the problems in stroke]. PMID- 6552313 TI - [Judgments of midwives resulting in normal deliveries]. PMID- 6552314 TI - [Medicine and nursing in the 21st century]. PMID- 6552315 TI - [Needs for post-basic education among JNA members. Japanese Nursing Association]. PMID- 6552316 TI - [Caring for mothers and babies--teaching the prevention of food allergy in children]. PMID- 6552317 TI - [Nursing legislation: the definitions of nursing personnel]. PMID- 6552318 TI - [Kallikrein activity in the renal-vein blood in patients with renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6552319 TI - [Lymphedema]. PMID- 6552320 TI - ["Normal" nutrition and frequent nutrition mistakes]. PMID- 6552321 TI - [Healthy living should become a fashion]. PMID- 6552322 TI - [Everything goes better with music. The function of music therapists - professions in the hospital]. PMID- 6552323 TI - [Nickel-titanium: a metal with memory. Various possibilities with memory-effects in medicine and technology]. PMID- 6552324 TI - [Carbon band for the unstable knee]. PMID- 6552325 TI - [Victims of assault in the hospital. How can one help them?]. PMID- 6552326 TI - Screening for aural problems in school children. PMID- 6552327 TI - Medication guidelines, policies too restrictive. PMID- 6552328 TI - Administration of medication by school personnel. AB - Many students who receive drug therapy for a seizure or a behavior disorder must take medication during the school day. In order to determine how school personnel manage this situation, teachers were asked to complete individual questionnaires for 461 trainable mentally retarded students who were receiving pharmacotherapy for one or both of these disorders. The return rate was 86%. The results showed that: (a) more than one-half of the children took medication in school; (b) teachers were responsible for supervising this activity in 48% of these cases; and (c) the school had obtained written instructions from the doctor and a permission letter from the parents regarding medication in all but a small minority of instances. However, there was no daily record of drug administration for 55% of the students. Issues related to school involvement in the administration of medication are discussed. PMID- 6552329 TI - Working with non-dental groups to influence adoption of self-applied fluoride programs in schools: one approach. AB - Although the use of self-applied fluorides in schools has been proven safe and effective, thousands of children are not benefiting from these procedures. This paper describes a dual promotional approach designed to increase the awareness of the need for school-based self-applied fluoride programs. A manned exhibit providing consultation and educational materials was displayed during the entire meeting of a state PTA and was supplemented by a presentation scheduled on the formal program. The workshop participants were parents of school-age children; most held decision-making positions in their local PTAs. Results of the workshop to date include: one participant prevented the demise of an established fluoride mouthrinsing program in her community; and the workshop leaders presented the merits of school-based self-applied fluoride programs to a local PTA and a county school health council. The same programs were described in a county PTA newsletter. These actions suggest that, given the appropriate information and assistance, parents of school children through their PTA can influence adoption of school-based fluoride programs. Furthermore, strategies directed toward members of other groups with an interest and decision-making role in children's health may be effective methods of influencing adoption of school-based self applied fluoride programs and ultimately promoting children's oral health. PMID- 6552330 TI - Health education as a component of an epidemiologic survey. AB - A health education component was an integral part of the screening phase of a large epidemiological blood pressure study. Slide-tape programs, printed material and models appropriate to the age levels (6-16) of the children were used. As the children entered the room set aside by the school for the study, they were assigned to one of three stations: height and weight, blood pressure measurement or health education. The children then rotated to the remaining stations as a group; the printed material was handed out as they left. These activities and material served the three-fold purpose of: (1) meeting the school administration's concern that the school day be used for education; (2) educating thousands of children and their parents about blood pressure; and (3) keeping the children constructively occupied and quiet while their classmates were having their blood pressure measured. PMID- 6552332 TI - Two pilot programs for head start dental care. PMID- 6552331 TI - The male role in contraception: implications for health education. AB - Today most contraceptive efforts are focused on the female. The resultant diminished male role may have inadvertently undermined the many societal efforts at birth control. Many men, young and old, still perceive contraception as primarily a woman's responsibility, for after all, she suffers most directly from contraceptive failure. This attitude is unfortunate. Since decisions about pregnancy affect both partners, both should share the contraceptive burden equitably. More specifically, the two-fold purpose of the paper is: (1) to examine the available male contraceptives; and (2) to draw implications of the changing male role in contraception for health professionals in the school and community. The paper argues that while the involvement of men in contraception will not automatically solve the problem of unwanted pregnancy among the young, it can certainly make a difference--an important difference. PMID- 6552333 TI - Use of small group with chronically ill children. AB - Using small groups with elementary school children is a valuable tool for dealing with the physical, social and emotional aspects of chronic disease. The self esteem of the participants was improved and a means of providing peer support developed. Also, this particular format helped the children talk about their diseases, their feelings and encouraged them to talk with their parents. We would encourage others to try this approach. The model needs to be replicated many times before it could be fully validated because this was undertaken with a small sample of students. One recommended addition is to include at least one session with both parents and their children. This would provide a structured setting for parents and children to better understand each other. It also would be beneficial to have more group sessions with the parents to further explore some of the many issues that were raised. PMID- 6552334 TI - Using evaluation techniques to select health education programs. AB - Health educators often are faced with the job of selecting a new program to meet particular objectives. When one or more options is available, the selection process may involve the application of rather sophisticated evaluation skills whether or not the health educator is aware of the fact. By consciously applying evaluation techniques, health educators can increase the likelihood that a new program will meet their needs. The article provides guidelines for choosing an effective program by posing questions that normally are raised at the end of a program during the summative evaluation but are equally relevant at its beginning during the program selection stage. Seeking the answers to these questions before a program is implemented can contribute much toward ensuring the desired outcomes will be achieved. PMID- 6552335 TI - Intentional teenage pregnancies. AB - Recent evidence indicates that many teenagers, despite access to birth control information and services, are choosing not to utilize them, and, therefore, are becoming intentionally pregnant. Several studies have begun to provide reasons for this new dilemma and profiles of those teenagers who become intentionally pregnant. New strategies have to be developed by health care professionals to combat this problem. Some suggestions are presented. PMID- 6552336 TI - Update on asbestos in schools. PMID- 6552337 TI - Pregnant teens who choose childbirth. AB - The Family Center is an alternative educational program available by choice to pregnant teen-agers enrolled in Arlington County, VA schools. Students enter the program at various stages of pregnancy and remain until six weeks after delivery. Data from these students were collected for two academic years from clinical interviews in order to describe several characteristics of these pupils with multiple health care needs. PMID- 6552338 TI - The relationship between health risk attitudes and behaviors and parental presence. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess whether an association exists between a student's attitudes and behaviors about selected health risks, such as weight and smoking behavior, and the presence or absence of one or both parents. Data were collected from 5,411 central Illinois school-age youth in grades 7-12. Physical measurements were taken on all students. Also, a variety of attitudinal, behavioral and behavioral intention questions relative to risk factors including smoking and weight were developed. Comparisons for these areas were made between students identified as having both parents versus those having none or one parent. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS). Both a descriptive and chi-square statistical analysis were utilized. Results indicated that students with none or one parent report significantly higher health risk behaviors than students with both parents. Students with none or one parent reported being more overweight and having a significantly higher smoking rate. The students also reported significantly greater unfavorable attitudes about smoking and weight. While these findings do not imply a cause and effect relationship, it does appear that the students missing one or both parents are at much higher risk than students with both parents. This knowledge can be useful to those involved in intervention efforts. Identifying students at risk allows educators to focus their efforts on such groups. Further implications of the specific findings of this study are discussed. PMID- 6552339 TI - A heuristic technique to assess resistance to persuasion skills in sixth-grade students. PMID- 6552340 TI - Utilizing tenets of inoculation theory to develop and evaluate a preventive alcohol education intervention. AB - With the advent of the Surgeon General's Report, Healthy People, a renewed interest in and concern for the health-risky practices of the school aged has emerged. Moreover, because the mortality rates for the 15 to 24 year age group continues to increase while the mortality rates for every other age group continues to decline, a school health education imperative has become prevention based interventions. The experimental, prevention-based alcohol education program reported here describes one such intervention directed at 9th grade students. The program was grounded on the principles of Inoculation Theory and evaluated using a Solomon Four-Group Design. Results indicate that the formulation of preventive alcohol education programs utilizing Inoculation Theory in a school setting is both feasible and productive in achieving designated objectives. Longitudinal assessment of the subjects with regard to their alcohol-related behavior is continuing throughout their high school careers. PMID- 6552341 TI - Reading, demographic, social and psychological factors related to pre-adolescent smoking and non-smoking behaviors and attitudes. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine reading, demographic, social and psychological factors related to pre-adolescent smoking and non-smoking behaviors and attitudes. The school-home humanistic education program was implemented in a large, urban public school system. It stressed responsible decision-making, increased self-esteem and the inter-relationships among the acquisition of knowledge of the consequences of smoking, personal feelings, family relationships and behavior. The results showed that family involvement was necessary to affect smoking attitudes and behaviors. Of all the variables studied, reading had a most pervasive relationship. Peer influence and self-esteem also were related to smoking knowledge, smoking attitude, future smoking intentions and the "purchase" of cigarettes. Two of several conclusions drawn from the results are: 1. Family involvement is necessary to affect attitudes and behaviors. 2. Health education research that does not investigate the relationship between program outcomes and reading achievement may be misleading. PMID- 6552342 TI - The relative importance of parental attitudes and behavior upon youth smoking behavior. AB - The purpose of the study was to assess the relative importance of parental attitudes about smoking and parental smoking behavior as factors associated with youth smoking behavior. Knowledge of the relative importance of each variable could enhance antismoking educational efforts. Data were collected from 5,409 central Illinois school-age youth in grades 7-12. Data were analyzed by sex. A variety of attitudinal, behavioral and behavior intention questions relative to risk factors, including smoking, were developed. Specific questions about parental attitudes, parental behavior, and the youth's smoking behavior were included. Descriptive and chi-square statistical analyses were utilized. Results indicate that both factors are significantly associated with youth smoking behavior. However, it appears that parental attitudes may exert a more significant impact than parental behavior. Whereas parental behavior seems to be associated with a doubling of the youth smoking rate, it appears that parental attitude is associated with an approximately fourfold increase. These results need to be interpreted within the larger context that a number of variables, and not just smoking attitudes and parental behavior have been found to be associated with youth smoking behavior. However, within this overall context it appears that parental attitude toward youth smoking is a more significant factor associated with youth smoking behavior than parental behavior. As such, those involved with youth antismoking educational efforts may find it helpful to include this factor. PMID- 6552343 TI - Multi-matrix sampling: a valuable data collection method for health educators. AB - Survey research in health education, as in other disciplines, attempts to provide estimates of population parameters from which inferences important to program delivery can be made. This article examines the utility of multi-matrix sampling as a technique in health education research that permits quality collection of large quantities of data without lengthy questionnaires or excessive time demands on respondents. The advantages and limitations of multi-matrix sampling are delineated through a hypothetical example. PMID- 6552344 TI - Using LISREL analysis for drug research. AB - LISREL Analysis is suggested as a method of modeling relationships among variables to determine causality. LISREL is a computer program that uses a maximum-likelihood procedure to analyze structural equations. The variables in the tested hypotheses can be both directly observed variables and latent variables. LISREL was applied to the findings of a study in drug education research in order to provide a model. The constructed LISREL model was contrasted with the ANOVA-based model. The LISREL had greater explanatory value for dealing with antecedent variables present in complex human health behaviors. PMID- 6552345 TI - What, me research? PMID- 6552346 TI - [Necessity of activation of nurses]. PMID- 6552347 TI - [Activation of medical team]. PMID- 6552348 TI - [Depression of nurses in care of terminal stage patients]. PMID- 6552349 TI - [Leadership in nursing and activation of nurses]. PMID- 6552350 TI - [A method of activation of human relations in hospitals; T group]. PMID- 6552351 TI - [Social personality of nurses measured by YG personality test]. PMID- 6552352 TI - [Discussion about in-service training of nurses]. PMID- 6552354 TI - [Operation of QC circle, quality control technic]. PMID- 6552353 TI - [Discussion about man and the human body from the viewpoint of medicine and anthropology]. PMID- 6552355 TI - [Discussion about the form of the summary sheet for the patient who moves to another ward]. PMID- 6552356 TI - [Clinical instruction to a student nurse caring for a psychopathic patient]. PMID- 6552357 TI - [Instruction for nurse students in order to develop their thinking process]. PMID- 6552358 TI - [Students' experience of team nursing in clinical settings]. PMID- 6552359 TI - Women's perceptions of change in relationships shared with their husbands during pregnancy. PMID- 6552360 TI - Behavioral responses in the early recovery of a severely burned 4-year-old child. PMID- 6552361 TI - Post-operative pain in toddler and pre-school age children. PMID- 6552362 TI - Infant anxiety. PMID- 6552363 TI - Siblings of children with myelomeningocele: examining their perceptions. PMID- 6552364 TI - 'Care in the Community' - the legal aspects. PMID- 6552365 TI - A study of visual deterioration among the elderly. PMID- 6552366 TI - The development and treatment of cataracts. PMID- 6552367 TI - When patients ask about taking a tiny on holiday. PMID- 6552368 TI - Health visiting in inner city districts. PMID- 6552369 TI - Health visitor training in danger. PMID- 6552370 TI - About tender lumpy breasts. PMID- 6552371 TI - Natural childbirth. PMID- 6552372 TI - An investigation into the incidence of cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, glue sniffing, and other drug abuse in 3rd and 4th year primary school children in the Fulham area. PMID- 6552373 TI - The uphill ski club. PMID- 6552374 TI - Child restraint legislation. PMID- 6552375 TI - PACs - what they are and what they do. PMID- 6552376 TI - Defining a researchable problem. PMID- 6552377 TI - Role identities of the dialysis patient. PMID- 6552378 TI - Physical therapy and exercise: an under-utilized patient service. PMID- 6552379 TI - Hepatitis B: a review (consider the hospitalized patient). PMID- 6552380 TI - Home peritoneal dialysis: an option for the moribund diabetic patient. PMID- 6552381 TI - Nephrology nutrition notes. PMID- 6552382 TI - Evaluation tool for hemodialysis arterial-venous fistula needle. PMID- 6552383 TI - The politics of personhood. AB - Concepts of personhood are embedded in a political and cultural context. The persistence of moral conflicts--and advances in biological and clinical sciences accelerate their number--and the difficulties of resolving them reflect features of our political culture. In the extraordinary American tension between individual and public life, controlling the definition of what it is to be a human being becomes a fundamental basis of social and political power. Much is at stake in these persistent conflicts: freedon of individuals; authority of professionals; automony of scientists; and even the role of the church. PMID- 6552384 TI - Bioethics in the public forum. AB - Public policy is, and ought to be, concerned with the welfare of human beings across a broad spectrum of circumstances and conditions. A Catholic moral theologian analyzes his involvement as a public policy consultant on in vitro fertilization. Evaluative judgements made by the Ethics Advisory Board are not edicts; they leave matters open for reconsideration and revision, while providing a basis for policy decisions for the present. PMID- 6552385 TI - Personhood, medicine, and American Society. AB - The problems of personhood with which this conference--and our society--grapples are significantly interwoven with modern medicine, its technology, and its science. More importantly, the conceptual language and recurrect themes of personhood questions are shaped by moral philosophers and jurists: "individualism" and "connectedness" are at the core of debates. Existing institutional arrangements have been inadequate to arrive at an effective societal consensus. PMID- 6552386 TI - A cross-cultural perspective on personhood. AB - Central African and Japanese outlooks on the person differ profoundly from one another. But they have in common a perspective on the human person shared by most non-Western societies and cultures: they emphasize the contextual, relational nature of personhood. This way of looking at the person, and our own individual oriented and legalistic perspective on the person, carry different sets of meanings, fulfillments, and strains for the individuals and groups who live within these frameworks. PMID- 6552387 TI - Personhood in the bioethics literature. AB - Althought the literature--medical, philosophical, religious, and legal-- on personhood is vast, there is little evidence that writers on this topic are approaching a consensus on the meaning of the concept or on criteria for its application. Some writers set low, or minimal, standards for personhood - others posit higher, more normative standards. But throughout, the moral values writers antecedently embrace determine the definition they arrive at by way of conclusion. Personhood has not been a useful concept for resolving dilemmas in bioethics. PMID- 6552388 TI - Emotional aspects of oncology nursing. PMID- 6552390 TI - Administrative aspects of transfusion. PMID- 6552389 TI - I.V. nursing delegation: People's Republic of China. PMID- 6552391 TI - The need for I.V. teams is stronger than ever. PMID- 6552392 TI - From the president. Certification. PMID- 6552393 TI - Making the NITA standards work for you. PMID- 6552394 TI - Caution: abused veins, handle with care. PMID- 6552395 TI - Volumes of selected central venous catheters. Implications for heparin flush use. PMID- 6552396 TI - Public policy and mental health: past, present, and future. PMID- 6552397 TI - Changing a student health service to primary nursing. PMID- 6552398 TI - Evaluation from the graduate student's viewpoint. PMID- 6552399 TI - A plea for research-based curriculum revision. PMID- 6552400 TI - Modifying the environment to help older persons. PMID- 6552401 TI - On the scene: Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital. PMID- 6552402 TI - Quality assurance: the Lima Memorial Hospital experience. PMID- 6552403 TI - Legal forum. Malpractice and preventive risk management. PMID- 6552404 TI - Impact evaluation: a competency-based approach. PMID- 6552405 TI - The professional development program: an alternative to clinical ladders. PMID- 6552406 TI - Nursing process evaluation: a quality assurance tool. PMID- 6552407 TI - Catheterization and urinary tract infection. Prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. PMID- 6552408 TI - Catheterization and urinary tract infection. Urine drainage bags. PMID- 6552409 TI - The endocrine system. PMID- 6552410 TI - The adrenal glands. PMID- 6552411 TI - Premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6552412 TI - Catheterization and urinary tract infection. Basic techniques for aseptic catheterization of the urinary tract. PMID- 6552413 TI - Catheterization and urinary tract infection. Introducing a new catheterization system to a district general hospital. PMID- 6552414 TI - Reducing your stress. Six experts tell you how. PMID- 6552415 TI - How to stay cool in a conflict and turn it into cooperation. PMID- 6552416 TI - A lawyer answers 10 legal questions about current nursing practice. PMID- 6552417 TI - "Sheila Barnes had a knack for making me feel awkward". PMID- 6552418 TI - Unsafe nursing practices and what you can do about them. PMID- 6552419 TI - Better patient teaching. Helping your ostomy patient when he's ready to go home. PMID- 6552421 TI - Is useless treatment ever ethical? PMID- 6552422 TI - How to improve your image. PMID- 6552423 TI - How to communicate effectively with groups. PMID- 6552420 TI - Do ethical decisions leave you wondering: "Did I do the right thing?" Ethical decision making for everyday nursing practice (continuing education). PMID- 6552424 TI - How to refresh yourself as a camp nurse. PMID- 6552425 TI - How to avoid hard sell and get the job with a better resume. PMID- 6552426 TI - How to make floating less painful for everyone. PMID- 6552428 TI - [Address by the Minister of Social Affairs, Mr. Pierre-Marc Johnson]. PMID- 6552429 TI - [The withdrawal of services]. PMID- 6552427 TI - Court case: a tragic-10 minute delay. PMID- 6552430 TI - [By the year 2000 compulsory university education]. PMID- 6552432 TI - [Pilot project for the education in nursing technics]. PMID- 6552431 TI - [Law 27]. PMID- 6552433 TI - [Authorization regulations for nursing actions and medical actions]. PMID- 6552434 TI - [Interview: Marie-Francoise Colliere]. PMID- 6552435 TI - [Ovule Pharmatex: results of 10 years of research in contraception]. PMID- 6552436 TI - [Psychiatry: the group approach with female clients]. PMID- 6552437 TI - [Could BCG be a means to prevent cancer in adults?]. PMID- 6552438 TI - [Hypertension. A single known cause: salt]. PMID- 6552440 TI - [Standards and criteria of competency]. PMID- 6552439 TI - [Competency standards and criteria for nurses in short-term care]. PMID- 6552441 TI - [Prevention. The various stages]. PMID- 6552442 TI - [Prevention in adolescence. Myth or reality]. PMID- 6552443 TI - [The professional inspection committee, what is it?]. PMID- 6552444 TI - [Professional secrecy or polichinelle's secret]. PMID- 6552445 TI - [Our genetic baggage would be responsible for 30% of all hospital admissions]. PMID- 6552446 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6552447 TI - [The child's contact with the medical environment]. PMID- 6552448 TI - How does your unit operate? PMID- 6552449 TI - Top academic nurse administrators' perceptions of essential behaviors for their positions. PMID- 6552450 TI - Patient advocacy: do nurses have the power and authority to act as patient advocate? PMID- 6552451 TI - Who's who among nursing leaders: Margretta Madden Styles. Interview by Teddy L Langford. PMID- 6552452 TI - Basic training of the nurse: a case for change. PMID- 6552453 TI - A plain guide to computers. PMID- 6552454 TI - Computers and nursing. PMID- 6552455 TI - Explosion of information. PMID- 6552456 TI - 'SNIPPET'--a nursing aid. PMID- 6552457 TI - Hospital administration: the role of computers. PMID- 6552458 TI - Focus on drugs: the nurse's responsibility in handling cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 6552459 TI - New courses for health care professionals. PMID- 6552460 TI - The management of clinical specialities: managing the renal unit. PMID- 6552461 TI - Looking sideways. PMID- 6552462 TI - Changing scene in neonatal care. PMID- 6552463 TI - Nutrition of the hospital patient. PMID- 6552464 TI - Spearhead of change. The role of post-basic education and in service training. PMID- 6552465 TI - A study of the mechanical properties of fleeces. Prevention of pressure sores. PMID- 6552466 TI - Decentralizing management. PMID- 6552467 TI - New programs keep CPR fresh in mind. PMID- 6552468 TI - The see-saw administrator. PMID- 6552469 TI - Engineered standards in hospital nursing. PMID- 6552470 TI - The pediatric intensive care unit. PMID- 6552471 TI - Managing risks. PMID- 6552472 TI - The discontinuity between school & practice. PMID- 6552474 TI - All you need to know. PMID- 6552473 TI - Union--yes or no? PMID- 6552475 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Wrongful life. PMID- 6552477 TI - Art & science. Work involvement. PMID- 6552476 TI - Ambulatory care nursing. PMID- 6552478 TI - Nurses cry, too. PMID- 6552483 TI - Principles of adult learning. PMID- 6552484 TI - BSE: a model in health education. PMID- 6552485 TI - The practice of occupational health nursing in the United States. PMID- 6552486 TI - Occupational health nurse practitioner: the expanding frontier. PMID- 6552487 TI - Is networking for you? PMID- 6552488 TI - Job stress vs. nurse burnout: are you caught in the middle? PMID- 6552489 TI - Assessment of thorax and lungs. PMID- 6552490 TI - Selecting a quality CE offering. PMID- 6552491 TI - [Liability problems in the administration of injections and related interventions by medical assistants]. PMID- 6552492 TI - [Fire prevention regulation in the hospital]. PMID- 6552493 TI - [Infection--acquired in the hospital]. PMID- 6552494 TI - [Basis for the assessment of the position of matron/manager of the nursing service]. PMID- 6552495 TI - [Orthopedics of the bed]. PMID- 6552496 TI - Comparable worth. Part I. The basis of the controversy. PMID- 6552497 TI - Faces of nursing. Nursing practice series looks at "unsung heroes" of community health. PMID- 6552498 TI - No is a job seeker's tool. PMID- 6552499 TI - Nutrition and the growing athlete. PMID- 6552501 TI - Selecting the right home apnea monitor. PMID- 6552500 TI - Teaching families home apnea monitoring. PMID- 6552503 TI - Predicting young children's cooperation with the physical examination. PMID- 6552502 TI - No-fault management of encopresis. PMID- 6552504 TI - NAPNAP's scope of practice survey: results, revisions and issues. PMID- 6552505 TI - Recognizing dental malocclusion in children. PMID- 6552506 TI - Practice management. The personnel policy manual. PMID- 6552507 TI - Pediatric management problems. Flea bites. PMID- 6552508 TI - Legislative update. Hospital privileges. PMID- 6552509 TI - Letter to the editor. Animal model for IRDS/BPD--problem of species' differences in lung maturation at birth. PMID- 6552510 TI - NLN nursing data book 1982: statistical information on nursing education and newly licensed nurses. PMID- 6552511 TI - "Mirror, mirror . . .". PMID- 6552512 TI - Networking hints: getting organized. PMID- 6552513 TI - The "Situational": a new teaching-learning strategy for basic nursing skills. PMID- 6552514 TI - The prejudice of language: effects of word choice on impressions formed by nurses. PMID- 6552515 TI - A framework for family nursing. PMID- 6552517 TI - Coping with severe burns. PMID- 6552516 TI - An ethnoscientific analysis of comfort: a preliminary investigation. PMID- 6552518 TI - Nursing care study: eclamptic fit. PMID- 6552519 TI - Behaviour modification in an interim secure unit. PMID- 6552520 TI - Systems of life No 100. Systems and signs: writing it up. PMID- 6552521 TI - Nurses as health educators in relation to smoking. PMID- 6552522 TI - Feeding difficulties in infantile autism. PMID- 6552523 TI - Carcinoma of the thyroid. 1. PMID- 6552524 TI - Breakdown: confusion. PMID- 6552525 TI - Telling it like it is. PMID- 6552526 TI - Systems of life No. 101. Setting up the systems - 1. PMID- 6552527 TI - Over to you. Breaking the silence. PMID- 6552528 TI - Nursing care study. Oesophageal atresia. PMID- 6552529 TI - The nursing process: report of a seminar. PMID- 6552530 TI - Infection control nurse. PMID- 6552531 TI - Sheepskins--a potential hazard? PMID- 6552533 TI - Me and my ward. The changing scene in out-patients. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6552532 TI - Prevention of hepatitis B infections. PMID- 6552534 TI - Pain control. 2. The nervous system. PMID- 6552535 TI - Trouble down below. PMID- 6552536 TI - 'It's not what you do . . .'. PMID- 6552537 TI - The alternative cure. PMID- 6552538 TI - Adolescent health care: needs, priorities and services. PMID- 6552539 TI - PIP (Positive Image Program): a group approach for obese adolescents. AB - This article describes an adolescent weight control program in a hospital ambulatory care center. An interdisciplinary team of members from dietary, medicine, nursing, and physical therapy departments work together to provide a comprehensive approach for improving the body images of young adolescents. Behavior modification, exercise, awareness of nutrition, and individual support are the components of the Positive Image Program. Symbols are used for the introduction of nutritional concepts and for reinforcements throughout the sessions. A progressive exercise program provides concrete evidence of increased tolerance for activity. Lifestyle changes and a positive body image are internalized goals that can only be measured over time. On the basis of the small sample of adolescents in the two groups, no definitive statements can be made concerning the general ability of the P.I.P. group. Follow-up of clients and continued evaluation of the Positive Image Program over time will determine the effectiveness of this approach as a means of adolescent weight control. PMID- 6552540 TI - Promoting effective decision-making in sexually active adolescents. AB - Promoting effective decision-making in adolescents who are active sexually and those who are not incorporates knowledge of the changes occurring in the intellectual, psychological, and emotional realms. The health professional must provide comprehensive and effective counseling in a variety of creative ways during the adolescent period. The time to begin is with the young adolescent, 10 or 11 years old, and continue over time. The key to success is prevention: prevention of sex without full consent, unwanted pregnancy, ignorance of one's own body, and decisions by default. PMID- 6552541 TI - Assessing and counseling teenage mothers during the perinatal period. PMID- 6552543 TI - Substance abuse: alcohol and drugs during adolescence. AB - This paper reviews the problem of substance abuse during adolescence. By high school graduation, drugs and alcohol have become a part of the life-style of American youths. Although substance use may not cause problems for the majority, when there is abuse, it has a major impact on the adolescent's family as well as the adolescent himself. Nurses are in prime positions to identify the teenage substance abuser and provide treatment for him and his family. PMID- 6552542 TI - Improving adolescent parenting through participant modeling and self-evaluation. AB - This article describes how nurses can promote adolescent parenting by providing opportunities for young mothers to view and practice appropriate behavior to foster their infants' development. The importance of utilizing such an intervention in the context of an ongoing caring environment is stressed as a key element. The program was developed with consideration of the adolescent's developmental stage and parenting characteristics. Participant modeling and self evaluation were utilized as effective means of fostering behavioral change. Content for the films was drawn from the findings of the Harvard Preschool Study, the work of Badger, the research of Wachs, Uzgiris, and Hunt, and the nursing child assessment training materials developed by Barnard at the University of Washington. Timing and sites for class sessions have been suggested. The reader is encouraged to study the literature on phases of transition, organization, reorganization, and adaptation when considering the timing for developmental intervention. The goal of this program is to foster competent, curious children and competent, supportive parents who will assume full responsibility for the health care decisions relating to their child. As young parents develop their decision-making skills, the health provider role should move from a protective/collaborative stance to one of a resource for health care maintenance and problems. PMID- 6552544 TI - Adolescent suicide. PMID- 6552545 TI - A health care approach for hard-to-reach adolescent runaways. PMID- 6552546 TI - Functional assessment of the older adult in the acute care setting. PMID- 6552547 TI - Surgical care for the aged patient: the decision-making process. PMID- 6552548 TI - Sensory loss in the aged: the role of the nurse and the family. PMID- 6552549 TI - Nursing care of the elderly person with an acute cardiovascular problem. AB - Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality of the older person. It is the disease that most frequently causes hospitalization. Patients with cardiovascular dysfunction are generally admitted to an acute care setting, the cardiac care unit. These units provide excellent care to the patient. However, the unique environment poses many potential problems for the older patient. It is very important that careful nursing assessment of needs is made and that a plan of care is individualized for each patient. Throughout the period of immediate care and rehabilitation, it is essential that one nurse be responsible for assuring that all needs are met and that provision is made to assure continuity of care from the hospital to the community. This professional nursing approach will promote successful outcomes and reasonable styles of living for the older cardiovascular patient. PMID- 6552550 TI - The elderly patient in pain and the acute care setting. PMID- 6552551 TI - Discharge planning for the elderly patient in the acute care setting. AB - Discharge planning is an important professional function of the nurse caring for elderly persons in an acute care setting. In collaboration with the patient, the family, and other health care providers, the nurse often assumes the major responsibility for developing a comprehensive discharge plan to assist with continuity of patient care. This plan must be written with clearly identified objectives. Direct support to the patient and professional collaboration in discharge decision-making are major contributions of the nurse to patients moving from the acute care setting to other environments. By applying the nursing process to discharge planning, the nurse can enable elderly patients to realize their maximum potential on discharge. PMID- 6552552 TI - Ethical considerations for nursing care of older patients in the acute care setting. PMID- 6552553 TI - Communication in rural health care: tea shops as a Channel. PMID- 6552554 TI - A case of spleeno-renal shunt. PMID- 6552555 TI - Biological aspect: the ageing process. PMID- 6552556 TI - TNAI policy on strikes. PMID- 6552557 TI - Traditional healers in North India: a study. PMID- 6552558 TI - Tips for blood transfusion. PMID- 6552559 TI - Oxygen inhalation therapy. PMID- 6552560 TI - School going children: a study of psychological problems. PMID- 6552561 TI - Hospital employees: need for proper orientation. PMID- 6552562 TI - Nursing Mirror Midwifery Forum 4. Infant feeding. PMID- 6552563 TI - Nursing Mirror Midwifery Forum 4. Offering the best to early babies. PMID- 6552564 TI - Nursing Mirror Midwifery Forum 4. The elements of choice. PMID- 6552565 TI - UKCC elections. Time to make your mark. PMID- 6552566 TI - We need time off to opt-in. PMID- 6552567 TI - Will Cinderella go to the ball? PMID- 6552568 TI - The acid test. Nurses in society. PMID- 6552570 TI - A ward with a view. PMID- 6552569 TI - On the receiving end. Interview by Cate Campbell. PMID- 6552571 TI - Reorganization: cause for concern. PMID- 6552572 TI - Nursing in the Irish Republic. Poteen, peat and psychiatry. PMID- 6552573 TI - Are we boring our students? PMID- 6552574 TI - Psychology. 12. A job for all nurses. PMID- 6552575 TI - Law. Conditions for abortion. PMID- 6552576 TI - Nutrition. 1. A vital power supply. PMID- 6552577 TI - Biochemistry. 10. The buffering and excretion of acids. PMID- 6552579 TI - Careers. Renal nursing. PMID- 6552578 TI - Nursing care study. Myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6552580 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 4. The mental handicap nurse's role. PMID- 6552581 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 4. The mental handicap nurse's role: interdependence is the key word. PMID- 6552582 TI - Will the Brave New World prove to be our last stand? PMID- 6552583 TI - Drugs and the elderly. PMID- 6552584 TI - Qualifying for the dole? PMID- 6552585 TI - Nursing in the Irish Republic: without the blarney. PMID- 6552586 TI - Nurses in society: which way liberation? PMID- 6552587 TI - Education: carving out a professional future. PMID- 6552588 TI - Management: the road back to trust. PMID- 6552589 TI - Third-stage limits and delegation. PMID- 6552590 TI - Law: participate or not? PMID- 6552591 TI - Nutrition. 2. The production of energy. PMID- 6552592 TI - Banishing the burnout syndrome. PMID- 6552593 TI - Nursing care study: primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 6552594 TI - Biochemistry. 11. The transportation of oxygen. PMID- 6552596 TI - Independent midwifery. PMID- 6552595 TI - Nursing care study: a brave lady. PMID- 6552597 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 5. Electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 6552598 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 5. In our right senses? PMID- 6552599 TI - Powers of detention: a two-edged sword. PMID- 6552600 TI - Healing the hordes. PMID- 6552601 TI - Teaching the nursing process. PMID- 6552603 TI - Swansong?. Interview by Tamara Ross. PMID- 6552602 TI - Smoking during pregnancy-are low tar cigarettes safer? PMID- 6552604 TI - The alarm bells are ringing. PMID- 6552605 TI - Glad to be gay? PMID- 6552606 TI - Developing with communication. PMID- 6552607 TI - Law. Rescuers can receive damages. PMID- 6552608 TI - Pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6552609 TI - The art of touching. PMID- 6552610 TI - Nursing care study: an unfortunate accident. PMID- 6552611 TI - Nurse librarian. PMID- 6552612 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 5. Running a natural course. PMID- 6552613 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 5. Teenage pregnancy. PMID- 6552614 TI - Matters of conscience: the morning after, the night before. PMID- 6552615 TI - Nursing process. 1. A nursing model. PMID- 6552616 TI - Victims of tradition. PMID- 6552617 TI - Matters of conscience: too many followers among too few leaders. PMID- 6552618 TI - Nurses in society: life can restart at forty. PMID- 6552619 TI - Health overseas. The course of the North Yemen. PMID- 6552621 TI - It's a jungle out there! PMID- 6552620 TI - Future? What future? PMID- 6552622 TI - Reorganisation: creating the 'senior sister'. PMID- 6552623 TI - Management: opinions that matter. PMID- 6552624 TI - Education: STSP-what is it? PMID- 6552625 TI - Rest in peace. PMID- 6552626 TI - Law: health and safety at work. PMID- 6552628 TI - Nursing care study: cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6552627 TI - Nursing care study: gastric malignancy. PMID- 6552629 TI - Triple duty nursing. PMID- 6552630 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 5. Pressure sores. From the Nursing Practice Committee at London's Royal Marsden Hospital. PMID- 6552631 TI - Nursing Mirror lecture 1983. Mirror, mirror on the wall. PMID- 6552632 TI - Practice: the constructional approach. PMID- 6552633 TI - Venomous snakebites. PMID- 6552634 TI - Off the record: final follies. PMID- 6552636 TI - Tutor's page: give us more, not less. PMID- 6552635 TI - Law: radiation hazards. PMID- 6552637 TI - Nursing process. 3. Problems or needs? PMID- 6552638 TI - Student's forum: caught in the system. PMID- 6552639 TI - Sheffield School of Nursing. PMID- 6552640 TI - Management conference: managing for care. PMID- 6552641 TI - Management conference: the need for research. PMID- 6552642 TI - Management conference: putting the record straight. PMID- 6552643 TI - Bells and a gong. Interview by Tamara Ross. PMID- 6552644 TI - Nursing process 4: identifying the goals. PMID- 6552645 TI - Research: time on their hands. PMID- 6552647 TI - Election blues, or is it reds? PMID- 6552646 TI - Research: testing times. PMID- 6552648 TI - Off the record: let's stop arguing. PMID- 6552650 TI - Education: learning the hard way. PMID- 6552649 TI - Matters of conscience: the ethics of ethics. PMID- 6552651 TI - Something's cooking. PMID- 6552652 TI - Nurses in society: led by stress. PMID- 6552653 TI - Multiple sclerosis management: more than a physical illness. PMID- 6552654 TI - Breaking the news. PMID- 6552655 TI - Nursing care study. A full life. PMID- 6552656 TI - Pharmacology: pirenzepine. PMID- 6552657 TI - Careers: nursing management. PMID- 6552658 TI - Operative technique: posterior spinal fusion with Luque instrumentation. PMID- 6552659 TI - Collegiality in nursing. PMID- 6552660 TI - Lumbar spinal stenosis. PMID- 6552661 TI - Orthopaedic implications for anesthesia in the ambulatory care setting. PMID- 6552662 TI - [Additional courses in anatomy and applied physiology in Uppsala University - are they in the danger zone?]. PMID- 6552663 TI - [Social secretary in school. Overall picture of students' situation]. PMID- 6552664 TI - [This is what our journal will be like]. PMID- 6552665 TI - [Dental hygienists' education, 40 points]. PMID- 6552666 TI - [Education for hearing care assistants, 80 points]. PMID- 6552667 TI - [New health and nursing care outline in Gavle 1982]. PMID- 6552668 TI - [Guidance education for pediatric nurses]. PMID- 6552669 TI - [Scabies - trend to increase in nursery schools and day care centers]. PMID- 6552670 TI - [Ferment in practice--a teacher function. Final report of a project concerning teachers' functions in practical education]. PMID- 6552671 TI - [Do former practical nursing students serve within a nursing field? Special project by practical nurse teachers in Umea, Spring term 1982]. PMID- 6552672 TI - [Personhood and nursing ideology]. PMID- 6552673 TI - [Equal footing and equality in part-time nursery school]. PMID- 6552674 TI - [Talking with children about death]. PMID- 6552675 TI - Purification of human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G by chromatography on immobilized elastin. AB - Human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G were isolated from purulent sputum by a simple procedure involving chromatography on elastin-agarose. Salt extracts of sputum were prepared, treated with DNase, and the precipitate which formed extracted and applied to a column of soluble elastin-Sepharose 4B. Contaminating protein was eluted with 50 mM Tris, 50 mM NaCl, pH 8.0 and then two column volumes of 50 mM acetate, 1.0 M NaCl, pH 5.0. The tightly bound elastase and cathepsin G together with a trypsin-like serine protease could finally be eluted with 50 mM acetate, 1.0 M NaCl, 20% DMSO, pH 5.0. Resolution of the proteases was accomplished by cation-exchange chromatography. Disc gel electrophoresis established the purity of elastase and cathepsin G and confirmed the existence of several isozymes for each. PMID- 6552676 TI - Head nurses: policies and procedures. PMID- 6552677 TI - Nurses' complaints: "going public" is risky. Case in point: NLRB v. Mount Desert Island Hospital (695 F. 2d 643 - ME). PMID- 6552678 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. CA: 198,000 dollars: Pt. fell in bathroom. N.Y.: V.A. nurses in infection suit. PMID- 6552679 TI - Defective equipment: injured nurse's legal rights. Case in point: Appel vs. Standex/Faultless (660 P. 2d 686 - OR). PMID- 6552680 TI - College to form ethics committee. PMID- 6552681 TI - Report receives Rcn barrage of criticism. PMID- 6552682 TI - Are nurses ready to join the professionals? PMID- 6552683 TI - Professional regulation for a newly integrated profession. PMID- 6552685 TI - General Election '83. PMID- 6552684 TI - Dangerous homes should be 'no-go' areas in the community. PMID- 6552686 TI - NHS and private sector have a lot to learn from each other. PMID- 6552687 TI - What we can do for you. PMID- 6552688 TI - Report of the Ren Association of Nursing Management symposium in London. Problems, problems, problems. PMID- 6552689 TI - The extended role and the effects of stress on A&E nurses in US. PMID- 6552690 TI - Video tape instruction: an effective way to learn. PMID- 6552691 TI - A nursing protocol for anxiety following catastrophic injury. PMID- 6552693 TI - Behavior management of the brain-damaged patient: a case study. PMID- 6552692 TI - Correlation of patient motivation and staff motivation. PMID- 6552695 TI - The nurse as expert witness. PMID- 6552694 TI - Bowel stimulator for quadriplegic patients: a follow up survey. PMID- 6552696 TI - Vasoactive peptides and regulation of hemodynamics in different functional states of the organism. AB - It is important to emphasize that the biochemical systems participating in humoral hemodynamic regulation may function at any level of the circulatory homeostasis: in the blood as a biological fluid constantly circulating along the vessels, at the microcirculatory bed where the exchange with tissues is realized, on the tonic activity of the resistive and capacitance vessels, defining the systemic blood pressure rate and organ redistribution, or, finally, on the main motive force of the blood, the heart. The interrelations of some molecular factors form the biochemical basis for the interaction of the main humoral systems. These factors are kallikrein for kinins and converting enzyme for the renin-angiotensin system, 9-ketoreductase and phospholipase for kinin and prostaglandin systems, and Hageman factors for coagulation, fibrinolysis, and kininogenesis systems. This main scheme includes "functional" connections, which are defined by a physiological interaction, and those between the central and peripheral nervous systems. We may, evidently, postulate an important biological regularity of a multi-functional participation of the same physiologically active factors in maintaining circulatory homeostasis. On the other hand, we have to emphasize the functional unity and joint correlating actions of different biochemical blood systems. PMID- 6552697 TI - [Follow up of home-care of an elderly person]. PMID- 6552698 TI - [Searching for a job: how to put opportunity on your side]. PMID- 6552699 TI - [A training course in a hospital emergency service]. PMID- 6552700 TI - [A general nurse in the administration of hospitals. Interview by Jacqueline Bregetzer]. PMID- 6552701 TI - [I hurt at school]. PMID- 6552702 TI - [First aid: health transportation]. PMID- 6552703 TI - [A table of food composition]. PMID- 6552704 TI - [Nursing and toxic syndrome. Report of a supervisor. Interview by Juan Irigaray]. PMID- 6552705 TI - [Nutrition: olive oil and health]. PMID- 6552706 TI - [Infant mortality in Andalusia]. PMID- 6552707 TI - [Arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6552708 TI - [Intensive care medicine. Guillan-Barre syndrome and nursing]. PMID- 6552709 TI - [Cardiology. II. Most frequent cardiac pathology]. PMID- 6552710 TI - [Public health: a practical experience]. PMID- 6552711 TI - [The why and what for of the nursing audit in the operating room]. PMID- 6552712 TI - [Auditing of nursing care in the operating room: an actualization]. PMID- 6552713 TI - [Quality assurance: audits and standards, and the operating room nurse]. PMID- 6552714 TI - After abdominal trauma. An expert's guide to tubes and drains. PMID- 6552715 TI - Suspect a suicide? Don't be afraid to act. PMID- 6552716 TI - Diabetes today: those new blood glucose tests (continuing education). PMID- 6552717 TI - New, last-ditch therapy for malignant cerebral hypertension. PMID- 6552718 TI - When alcohol is contraindicated don't forget the 'hidden' alcohol in drugs. PMID- 6552720 TI - New assessment aid: identifying dysrhythmias. PMID- 6552719 TI - Seven sticky problems (and their solutions) in blood transfusions. PMID- 6552721 TI - Legally speaking. Rape on hospital property: now you can sue. PMID- 6552722 TI - Sound off! A call for returning to basics. PMID- 6552723 TI - Between us. Winning ways at work. How to deal with the negative nurse. PMID- 6552724 TI - Strategies to advance your career. Tips for camp nurses. PMID- 6552725 TI - Who's liable if you catch herpes from a patient? PMID- 6552726 TI - Why you really ought to have your own malpractice policy. PMID- 6552727 TI - Another viewpoint. "I'm sorry I ever took out a liability policy". PMID- 6552728 TI - Self care for the totally blind diabetic: it is possible. PMID- 6552729 TI - How air-fluidized beds revolutionize skin care. PMID- 6552730 TI - A new closed system for arterial lines. PMID- 6552731 TI - Sinus irregularities: from arrhythmia to arrest. PMID- 6552732 TI - Sound off! Better ways to the BSN? You bet! PMID- 6552734 TI - Nurses, don't throw away your privileges. PMID- 6552733 TI - Moments that matter. They said we cared too much. PMID- 6552735 TI - Children in cars: seats and belts can reduce death, injury. PMID- 6552736 TI - [Thyroid pathology of medicinal origin]. PMID- 6552737 TI - [Hyperthyroidism and thyroid tumors. A frequent pathology, especially in women]. PMID- 6552738 TI - [Cold nodules and thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6552739 TI - [Anatomicophysiological review. Introduction to thyroid disorders]. PMID- 6552740 TI - [Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6552741 TI - [Nurses and temporary work]. PMID- 6552742 TI - [Hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6552743 TI - [With migrants in a hospital]. PMID- 6552744 TI - [Hypothyroidism. Examples where monitoring, listening, integration are important]. PMID- 6552745 TI - [Reception, orientation and integration of nursing staff in a Swiss hospital]. PMID- 6552746 TI - [Hypothyroidism in adults]. PMID- 6552747 TI - [Relative to 2 student projects concerning the elderly]. PMID- 6552748 TI - [Nursing in private industry]. PMID- 6552749 TI - [Hypothyroidism in children]. PMID- 6552750 TI - [Isotopes and thyroid gland]. PMID- 6552751 TI - [Alveolar hepatic echinococcosis. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6552752 TI - [Some aspects of echinococcosis]. PMID- 6552753 TI - [Treatment of hydatic disease of the liver]. PMID- 6552754 TI - [2 observations of hydatic disease]. PMID- 6552755 TI - ["I was a nurse in Sri Lanka". Interview by P. Osusky]. PMID- 6552756 TI - [Extension of the coverage of hygiene by recourse to traditional birth attendants: evaluation of a decade]. PMID- 6552757 TI - [Epidemiology of the 2 principal forms of echinococcosis]. PMID- 6552758 TI - [Clinical and radiologic aspects of hydatidosis]. PMID- 6552759 TI - [Use of EDP in health services]. PMID- 6552760 TI - [Nursing museum in Lovisenberg]. PMID- 6552761 TI - [Perspective]. PMID- 6552762 TI - [Nurses facing atomic weapons]. PMID- 6552763 TI - [Midwives have not taken over others' job]. PMID- 6552764 TI - [Nurses in the entire country are more active]. PMID- 6552766 TI - [Pension assessment. Private pensions block ways for supplemental pension]. PMID- 6552765 TI - [Nurses' negotiations' results up to the primary election]. PMID- 6552767 TI - [Reductions. Some nursing homes will be entirely without nurses. Interview by Kirsten Sorrig]. PMID- 6552768 TI - [Personal identity--system identity]. PMID- 6552769 TI - [Familial background for negotiations' results]. PMID- 6552770 TI - [Health activities in Ethiopia. Do we only follow our own convictions when we don't get anywhere?]. PMID- 6552771 TI - [Technology. Nurses must perceive themselves as users of EDP]. PMID- 6552772 TI - [Potential risks should be reduced as best as possible]. PMID- 6552773 TI - [Scientific theory should be understood as a segment of philosophical direction]. PMID- 6552774 TI - [Will safety now be sacrificed?]. PMID- 6552775 TI - [Negotiations 83. Open showdown over negotiations' results]. PMID- 6552776 TI - [Recreation in the hospital system]. PMID- 6552777 TI - [Executive Board. Mandate for further negotiations after the plotted framework]. PMID- 6552778 TI - [Pastoral care. 6. Pastoral care for the seriously ill and dying patients]. PMID- 6552780 TI - [Visiting home care in theory and practice]. PMID- 6552779 TI - [Why do we ignore residents' own resources?]. PMID- 6552781 TI - [Anesthesia gases up to 4 times more than permissible limits]. PMID- 6552782 TI - [Pension assessment. Guarantee for a lower actual interest than 3.5 percent]. PMID- 6552783 TI - [Effect of a functional load (bicycle ergometry) on the metabolism of blood kinins in chronic bronchitis patients with bronchiectasis]. PMID- 6552784 TI - [Responsibility, liability, authorization. A different viewpoint of a ticklish affair]. PMID- 6552785 TI - [A good idea, and then what . . . ? Implementing renewal in the nursing service. II]. PMID- 6552786 TI - [The patients' ombudsman: mediator in complaints by psychiatric patients]. PMID- 6552787 TI - [Expensive drugs and government measures]. PMID- 6552788 TI - [Care of the aged in the hospital]. PMID- 6552790 TI - [Support of self care - the nature of nursing? Survival of the fittest]. PMID- 6552789 TI - [Incubator child: what's happening to me now?]. PMID- 6552791 TI - Morphological and biochemical features of elastase-induced emphysema in strain A/J mice. AB - Elastase-induced animal models of pulmonary emphysema are potentially useful to study the physiological, anatomical, and biochemical injuries associated with emphysema. After the endotracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase (0.15 or 0.30 mg elastase per 100 g body weight) into strain A/J mice, selected biochemical and morphometric indices od lung damage were examined. Elastase produced extensive air space enlargement without appreciable mortality. Lesions involving the lung parenchyma distal to the terminal bronchioles were observed within 2 weeks and possessed features resembling panlobular and centrilobular emphysema. Morphometric analyses of emphysema indicated that after the acute phase of tissue damage and repair, the lesions stabilize without further deterioration of alveolar structure. Increased lung elastin synthesis was noted following endotracheal elastase, resulting in lung elastin levels 30% higher than controls 8 weeks after treatment. Minimal alterations to lung DNA and protein levels indicated that elastase produced specific lung lesions exclusive of inflammation and edema. PMID- 6552793 TI - An introduction to cysto. PMID- 6552792 TI - Decentralizing cesarean births to labor and delivery. PMID- 6552794 TI - The RN circulator. PMID- 6552795 TI - Interview: Connie Albin. PMID- 6552796 TI - Documenting OR nursing care. PMID- 6552797 TI - TEC (total environment capsule). PMID- 6552798 TI - [Midwifery student refused to insert spiral in patient. SBF (Swedish Midwives' Association) comments: she should not be a midwife. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6552799 TI - [Gotland gets its own county division now]. PMID- 6552800 TI - [Lex Maria disappears but notification obligation remains]. PMID- 6552801 TI - [Instructors in police college are critical: many interpret the law wrong. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6552802 TI - [Emergency service should not be allowed to be a sanctuary for criminals]. PMID- 6552803 TI - [Liability case. Wrong drug injection in patient treatment in the orthopedic department]. PMID- 6552804 TI - [Liability case. School nurse's examination of injured student]. PMID- 6552805 TI - [Liability case. Wrong handling of anesthetic agent]. PMID- 6552806 TI - [Equal opportunity legislation should be sharpened. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6552807 TI - [SHSTF's equal opportunity responsibility: the person discriminated against should get both compensation and a job]. PMID- 6552808 TI - [Midwifery student refused to insert spiral in patient. Now it is going to be done by research personnel instead. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6552809 TI - [Study on professional time gives insufficient results. Interview by Kristina Johnson]. PMID- 6552810 TI - [More proposals on flexible retirement age]. PMID- 6552811 TI - [Questions on Labor Tribunal's verdict on radiology vacations. Will we lose our extra week of vacation in radiology? SHSTF's chief of negotiations answers here. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6552812 TI - [Priorities empty cue system for continued education]. PMID- 6552813 TI - [They force us to get current continued education but employers don't want to pay]. PMID- 6552814 TI - [Personnel in Sabbatsberg gets answers to questions on secrecy legislation. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6552815 TI - [Part-time with sick children: one can barely afford to stay home]. PMID- 6552816 TI - [83 negotiations. This is no great agreement but we get no further. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6552817 TI - [Overtime blockade points out: a great deal of nursing activities are done in additional time and overtime]. PMID- 6552818 TI - [Shortage of places in continuing education in medicine/surgery]. PMID- 6552819 TI - [SSEF demand in nationwide campaign: work after education]. PMID- 6552820 TI - [Jamtland first in Europe with a nurse in the helicopter]. PMID- 6552821 TI - [An end to smoking on wards]. PMID- 6552822 TI - [Election preparation's proposal is clear. Is there going to be a new SHSTF federation administration?]. PMID- 6552823 TI - [Proposal to congress: these should be SHSTF's international involvement]. PMID- 6552824 TI - [Portrait: Aina Wigren. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6552825 TI - [In Trollhattan everyone agrees: better for the patient when a nurse rides along in the ambulance]. PMID- 6552826 TI - [Karin Olsson and Anders Skarin reply to criticism of reorganization of general management: professional questions now get more attention. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6552828 TI - [Lab assistants need more education]. PMID- 6552827 TI - [Work-sharing. Shorter work time less unemployment?]. PMID- 6552829 TI - [Hospital employees are away from work 110 days out of the year]. PMID- 6552830 TI - [Nurses in primary care activities; a small and little known group. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6552831 TI - [Do we get advice in equal opportunity, Marianne Lundqvist?. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6552832 TI - [Portrait: Marie Risby. Interview by Erling Forsman]. PMID- 6552833 TI - Research rounds: Dr. Lisbeth Hockey. Interview by June Kikuchi and Eve Henderson. PMID- 6552835 TI - Kinins--III. Part A. International Conference Kinin 81 Munich. PMID- 6552834 TI - Yesterday, today and tomorrow: a profession in transition. The President's address. PMID- 6552836 TI - Immunological studies of human Factor XI and prekallikrein: demonstration of complex formation with high molecular weight kininogen. PMID- 6552837 TI - Structural aspects of human kininogens. AB - Kininogens have been purified from human plasma to apparent homogeneity. Native human LMW kininogen is a single-chain (glyco-) protein of molecular weight 68,000, which is converted to a two-chain protein by limited proteolysis with tissue kallikrein to form a heavy chain (Mr 62,000) and a light chain (Mr 4,000). Human HMW kininogen represents a single chain (glyco-)protein of Mr 114,000 which is split into two chains of similar size (H-chain of Mr 58,000 and L-chain of Mr 62,000) by limited proteolysis with tissue kallikrein. Sequence analysis of the isolated L-chain of human MW kininogen indicates a partial homology to the corresponding fragment-1.2 of bovine HMW kininogen. Purified kininogens readily form self-aggregates ranging from dimer to hexamer (HMW kininogen) and from dimer to decamer (LMW kininogen), respectively. Self-association is completely reversible in the presence of dissociating agents. Preliminary evidence suggests that oligomerisation is mediated by the H-chain common to the two types of kininogens. PMID- 6552838 TI - Assaying plasma prekallikrein (PPK) by a chromogenic based method: analytical considerations and reference values in healthy adults, the pregnant woman, and the neonate. AB - Analytical assays that measure the amidolytic activity of plasma kallikrein (PK) must overcome the problem of anti-kallikrein inhibition during the activation of PPK to PK. We resolved this problem by exposure of plasma to 50 mg/L dextran sulfate in acetone/water (35/65, vol/vol) at 0 degrees C for 15 minutes. PK activity was assayed using the chromogenic substrate, S-2302 (KABI). A centrifugal analyzer (CentrifiChem) was used to monitor the change in absorbance at 405 nm and 37 degrees C. The assay was linear to a value 3 times that found in normal human plasma. The specificity of the substrate for PK was demonstrated by using plasma deficient in PPK (Fletcher trait) diluted with normal human pooled plasma (NHPP). Day-to-day analytical variation was 2.4% for NHPP having a mean value of 85.9 mukat/L (n = 26). Using our amidolytic method, we determined PPK values in 50 healthy adults, 80 pregnant women during each trimester of gestation, and 151 neonates (cord blood specimens). The middle 95% reference interval for the adults was 54.0 - 118.8 mukat/L, for pregnant women at first trimester: 59.0 - 129.0, second trimester: 72.3 - 161.5, third trimester: 75.6 - 152.4, day of labor: 67.7 - 144.9, and 1-9 weeks postpartum: 69.4 - 151.0 mukat/L, and for the neonate: 11.5 - 44.9 mukat/L. We observed that women on oral contraceptives had significantly greater PPK values than those not on oral contraceptives. Intra-individual variation of PPK values was relatively low in non-pregnant women with the day-to-day coefficient of variation being 4.1 - 6.1% in 5 subjects monitored over a 30 day period. The high value of inter individual/intra-individual ratio was appreciated in pregnant women in that the PPK value observed during the first trimester was a means to predict the value approaching term. The mean PPK value during the first trimester was 105.1% of the mean seen in non-pregnant women while the mean PPK value nearing term was 130.1% of that value. PMID- 6552839 TI - Chromogenic substrate assays for studying components of the plasma kallikrein system in health and disease. PMID- 6552840 TI - Interim report of results from an international collaborative study of the Proposed International Reference Preparation of porcine pancreatic kininogenase. AB - A collaborative study of the ampouled preparation of porcine pancreatic kininogenase, the Proposed International Reference Preparation (PIRP), was carried out, on behalf of the World Health Organization, by 19 laboratories in seven countries. The PIRP was studied using in vivo bioassays, immunoassays and in vitro enzyme assays involving natural protein substrate and small molecular ester and peptide substrates. An analysis of results obtained from a majority of the participating laboratories is presented. Comparison of the PIRP with the widely used Bayer house standard of porcine pancreatic kininogenase showed general agreement for estimates of relative activity, although differences were detected in some assay systems. The PIRP was shown to be stable and appears to be suitable to serve as an international reference preparation. Comparison of the PIRP with a preparation of highly purified human urinary kininogenase showed a wide diversity of estimates so that no general comparison of activities for these preparations is possible. PMID- 6552841 TI - Enzymology of porcine tissue kallikrein. AB - In the pig, submandibular, native pancreatic, and urinary kallikreins are the same protein, consisting of a single polypeptide chain (alpha-kallikrein). Porcine tissue kallikrein shows very extensive sequence homology with several enzymes from submandibular glands of rats and mice, tonin, nerve growth factor gamma subunit, and submandibular proteinase A, nearly as high as with human urinary or rat submandibular kallikrein. Porcine pancreatic kallikrein isolated from partial autolyzates of pancreas carries an intrachain split (beta kallikrein). Both chains exist in a high and low molecular weight form each because of differences in their carbohydrate content and form four types of pancreatic beta-kallikrein (B, A, III, and C). One cause of the narrow specificity of tissue kallikrein is their pronounced secondary specificity for a bulky, hydrophobic amino acid residue in P2. The hydrolysis of 10 peptide esters Ac-X-ArgOMe with different amino acids in P2 by porcine pancreatic kallikrein also showed distinct individual influences, the most favorably residues being phenylalanine and leucine as they occur in bovine kininogen. In contrast, specificity constants for hydrolysis by the digestive enzyme trypsin are similar for all these compounds. A peptide with the amino acid sequence around the methionyl bond cleaved in kininogen is also hydrolyzed by pancreatic kallikrein at this bond, but with a specificity constant three orders of magnitude lower. The lack of cleavage at lysine leading to the release of kallidin instead of bradykinin is due to the inability of porcine pancreatic kallikrein to accommodate an Arg-Pro leaving group. PMID- 6552842 TI - Some aspects of carbohydrate contents in glandular kallikrein. PMID- 6552843 TI - Alpha and beta rat urinary kallikreins: chemical and physicochemical properties. PMID- 6552844 TI - Localization of kininogenases in salivary glands, sex glands and spermatozoa. PMID- 6552846 TI - Characterization of purified human latent kallikrein. PMID- 6552845 TI - Isolation of two forms of kallikreins from rat kidney. PMID- 6552847 TI - Studies on the kinin formation by bovine spleen acid kininogenases. AB - The modes of action of acid kininogenase I and II on bovine kininogens were investigated. The pH profile of kinin forming reaction from bradykininogen for each enzyme proved the fact that these enzymes react preferably at acidic condition. Acid kininogenase I produced kinin presumably from nicked HMW kininogen which has bradykinin moiety at the C-terminal, but not from intact HMW or LMW kininogens. Acid kininogenase II could react on any kind of kininogen tested. The peptides produced were purified and subjected to molecular weight determination and also to sequence analysis. Estimated molecular weights were 1,300 and 1,400 for the peptides produced by AK I and 1,900 for the one produced by AK II. N-terminal amino acids were revealed to be methionine, leucine and arginine, respectively. PMID- 6552848 TI - Measurement by radioimmunoassay of human glandular kallikreins in biological fluids. PMID- 6552849 TI - Sodium-retaining steroids increase parotid salivary kallikrein. PMID- 6552850 TI - Bile salts activate glandular kallikrein-like activity in rat colon. PMID- 6552851 TI - A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of kinin releasing activity of kallikrein. AB - An HPLC method for measuring the in vitro kinin-forming activity of Kallikrein (K), is described. Kinins are formed by incubating K with partially purified bovine kininogen. An aliquot portion of the incubation solution is injected directly onto the chromatographic column (RP-18, 10 um, length 25 cm, 4 mm i.d.). Kallidin and bradykinin are separated from each other and ballast substances by gradient elution technique (phosphate buffer, acetonitrile) and column switching. By post column derivatization kinins are reacted with the fluorogenic reagent Fluram and quantified online, using a fluorescence detector. Detection limits for kallidin and bradykinin are approximately 3 ng = 2.5 pico mol. The reproducibility of the results is 2% (relative standard deviation). This method has been used to study the kinin-forming activity of different K formulations and the results were compared with those obtained by bioassay. As a main result the reaction kinetics demonstrate that purified K solely produces kallidin. Bradykinin showing up later in the reaction mixture must be due to impurities of kininogen which convert kallidin to bradykinin. K itself does not convert kallidin to bradykinin. PMID- 6552852 TI - Comparative immunochemical characterization of various kallikreins. PMID- 6552853 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system in the acutely-ill: (A) changes in plasma kininogen in acutely-ill patients. (B) the efficacy of pulmonary clearance of bradykinin. AB - These studies have indicated some quantitative aspects of the kallikrein kinin system in sepsis. While other investigators have noted the fall in plasma kininogen in patients with sepsis, e.g. Erdos and colleagues (23), this study has indicated that it is the fall in the LMWK that is significant in these patients. LMWK comprises of three-quarters of the total plasma kininogen and its consumption can lead to the production of 2.24 million picograms bradykinin/ml plasma. In health bradykinin concentration is of the order of 100-400 picograms/ml. It is not unreasonable to suggest therefore, that bradykinin levels are increased in acute disease and other investigators have shown this by direct assay of the peptide in such patients. The present study has shown that once bradykinin is generated in the circulation in terms of ng/ml, even with passage through the lung, systemic effects occur, namely reduction in TPR and a fall in CO and BP. Thus, bradykinin could be the humoral factor responsible for the hyperdynamic state and systemic hypotension in severe sepsis. It is apparent that metabolism of bradykinin involves more than simply clearance of the peptide. It appears that bradykinin can stimulate the production of other vasoactive mediators by the lung. The consumption of LMWK in sepsis indicates that it is not plasma kallikrein activity but rather non-specific kininogenase activity that is critical. This may be important not only from the viewpoint of kinin generation, but also because of the consumption of plasma protease inhibitors. A mechanism to control or inhibit such protease activity offers a possible therapeutic approach to circulatory failure in these patients. PMID- 6552854 TI - The functional inhibition of plasma kallikrein. A critical factor in septic shock. AB - Functional kallikrein inhibition and prekallikrein levels have been studied during septic shock and septicemia in 13 patients using chromogenic peptide substrate assays. Eleven septic shock episodes were studied of which 5 were fatal. Marked reductions in functional kallikrein inhibition and prekallikrein values occurred during fatal septic shock. In patients who could be resuscitated from septic shock, functional kallikrein inhibition was in the normal range, but significantly lower than in patients with septicemia only. Also in these two groups of patients decreased prekallikrein values were found. During treatment a gradual increase in prekallikrein was observed in the survivors and functional kallikrein inhibition values remained in the normal range during the whole course. Our results indicate that the functional inhibition of plasma kallikrein plays a major role in determining the outcome of septic shock. PMID- 6552856 TI - Studies on components of the plasma kallikrein and complement systems in plasma and serum samples from normal individuals and patients with hereditary angioedema. PMID- 6552855 TI - Studies on the various causal factors related to hypercoagulability in the field of obstetrics - with special reference to the onset of DIC as viewed from the changing of kinin-kallikrein system and fibrinopeptide A. PMID- 6552857 TI - Studies on Hageman factor, plasma prekallikrein, kallikrein "like" activity and kallikrein inhibition in plasma samples from normal subjects and clinical material. PMID- 6552858 TI - Photometric determination of glandular kallikrein in urine: method and clinical application. PMID- 6552859 TI - Tissue kallikrein in human seminal plasma. PMID- 6552860 TI - The effect of pancreatic kallikrein on semen parameters of men with varicocele. PMID- 6552861 TI - Photokinesigraphic characteristics of kallikrein-treated bull spermatozoa. PMID- 6552862 TI - Kinins-III. Part B. International Conference Kinin 81 Munich. PMID- 6552863 TI - Activation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by purified human plasma kallikrein. PMID- 6552864 TI - Studies on a kallikrein-like amidase in inflammation produced by histamine, carrageenan or Freund's complete adjuvant. PMID- 6552865 TI - Assays of components of the kallikrein-kinin system based on first order reaction kinetics. PMID- 6552866 TI - Blood and urinary kinins in human subjects during normal and low sodium intake. PMID- 6552867 TI - Renal kallikrein in venous effluent of filtering and non-filtering isolated kidneys. PMID- 6552868 TI - The role of the kallikrein-kinin system in renal function: a new proposal. PMID- 6552869 TI - Observations on the kallikrein-kinin system in the kidney. PMID- 6552870 TI - The role of renal kallikrein-kinin system in the renal escape from the sodium retaining effect of aldosterone in primary hyperaldosteronism. PMID- 6552871 TI - Increased urinary kallikrein-like activity in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 6552872 TI - How much is a nurse's job really worth? PMID- 6552873 TI - Pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6552874 TI - Surviving. PMID- 6552875 TI - Reaching the migrant worker. PMID- 6552877 TI - Programmed instruction. Assertiveness in nursing: Part II. PMID- 6552876 TI - Equipment feature. Too fast or too slow--the erratic IV. PMID- 6552878 TI - Coffee-shop nursing. PMID- 6552879 TI - Intestinal absorption of glandular kallikrein in the rat. AB - We studied the possibility of intestinal absorption of glandular kallikrein in unanesthetized rats after administration of 5 mg of active or phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inactivated pig pancreatic kallikrein (PPK). Immunoreactive PPK was measured in plasma and urine by radioimmunoassay using an antiserum to PPK that does not cross-react with rat glandular kallikrein. In addition, we studied the effect of intestinally administered active PPK on the intestinal blood flow distribution. Although immunoreactive PPK could not be detected (less than 10 ng/ml) in plasma after active PPK was administered, very small amounts were found in urine (20-40 ng/3 h). In the urine most of the PPK was in active form because over 75% could be bound to aprotinin-Sepharose. After inactive PPK was administered, immunoreactive PPK was detectable in the plasma of all rats, and urinary excretion was higher than after administration of active PPK. Blood flow distribution to the small intestine as a percentage of cardiac output was significantly greater 30 min after intestinal application of active PPK (5 mg) than after administration of the vehicle alone (1 ml of 0.9% saline). These results suggest that active and inactive PPK is absorbed from the gut in very small amounts. The finding of higher amounts of immunoreactive PPK in plasma and urine after inactive PPK was administered is probably due to the fact that the inactive form of the enzyme is not bound by the plasma inhibitors. These small amounts of kallikrein absorbed appear to have some effect on intestinal blood flow distribution. PMID- 6552880 TI - Economic and employment issues in nursing education. PMID- 6552881 TI - Contemporary minority leaders in nursing: Afro-American, Hispanic, Native American perspectives. PMID- 6552882 TI - Meeting the educational needs of health care personnel ... twenty-four hours a day. PMID- 6552883 TI - The challenge: patients with multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms. PMID- 6552884 TI - Nosocomial surgical infections: incidence and cost in a developing country. AB - Eight hundred twenty-nine patients were monitored for nosocomial surgical infections from January to December 1980 at the University Hospital of the West Indies. Two hundred twenty-five patients (27%) had 189 postoperative wound infections (POWI) and 295 other nosocomial infections, with an average of 2.1 infections per infected patient. The incidence of POWI was 22.8%, varying from 7.3% in clean to 82.2% in infected wounds. The most common organisms isolated were gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus. The most frequent nosocomial infection other than POWI was urinary tract infection (27.8%). A statistically significant number of urinary tract infections and septicemias were associated with the use of medical devices such as indwelling urethral catheters and central venous pressure lines (p less than 0.001). Septicemia was frequently associated with operations on the lower gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary tracts (p less than 0.001). The postoperative stay of an infected patient was prolonged by an average of 18 days. The total excess cost of hospitalization for the infected patients was U.S. $170,000. PMID- 6552885 TI - The hospital tuberculosis registry: an aid to infection control. AB - Maintenance of a "central tuberculosis registry" has been proposed to facilitate communication between hospital personnel and other persons such as members of health departments and practicing physicians involved in the care of patients. A 5-year experience revealed additional benefits: (1) recognition, and partial correction, of deficiencies in tuberculin testing; (2) recognition and termination of a pseudoepidemic of false positive acid-fast bacilli smears; (3) increased frequency with which patients were placed in respiratory isolation at the time of admission to the hospital; and (4) decrease in the indicence of tuberculin conversions among hospital employees. It is suggested that such a registry should be included in all hospital infection control programs. PMID- 6552886 TI - An outbreak of staphylococcus aureus surgical wound infection associated with excess overtime employment of operating room personnel. PMID- 6552887 TI - False positive spore strip sterility tests with steam sterilization. PMID- 6552889 TI - Nurses eligible for direct payment in 13 states. PMID- 6552888 TI - Hyperreactivity to bee stings: reevaluation. AB - (a) A survey of beekeepers in Israel did not show that they differed allergy-wise from the general population. (b) Twenty-eight non-beekeeper systemic reactors to bee stings were not necessarily more allergic or more exposed to stings than the others. These systemic reactors had a spontaneous kinin system hyperreactivity and in some of them changes in the immune system and a complement defect were detected. We think that predisposition may enhance the likelihood of a systemic reaction to bee stings. Thus the common denominator for the hyperreactivity to bee stings is not their exposure to stings nor their allergic background but rather the spontaneous kinin activity and a possible defect in their immunological system. PMID- 6552890 TI - Nurse codirects breast-feeding clinic, first in U.S.. Interview by Terry L. Selby. PMID- 6552891 TI - Commission chairman calls for 'clear direction' from nursing. PMID- 6552892 TI - She shares the benefits; does she share the costs? PMID- 6552893 TI - As I see it... Parents', teenagers' rights clash in 'squeal' rule. PMID- 6552894 TI - Surfactant pool sizes and severity of respiratory distress syndrome in prematurely delivered lambs. AB - To quantify the relationship between surfactant pool size and severity of respiratory disease, 21 lambs were delivered at 134 to 136 days gestational age and ventilated by varying only peak inspiratory pressure to maintain tidal volume at 6.2 +/- 0.3 ml/kg (mean +/- SE) and thus to control PCO2. Compliance measurements were used to quantify the severity of lung disease. After alveolar wash, surfactant phosphatidylcholine, saturated phosphatidylcholine, and minimal surface tensions were estimated. Compliance correlated linearly with saturated phosphatidylcholine pool size (r = 0.755, p less than 0.001). The mean minimal surface tension of the alveolar washes was 17.4 +/- 1.7 dynes/cm, and alveolar washes from lambs with more compliant lungs had lower minimal surface tensions than did washes from lambs with poorly compliant lungs (p less than 0.001). Lung tissue of all lambs contained similar amounts of saturated and total phosphatidylcholine, and in vitro rates of incorporation of labeled choline and palmitate into phosphatidylcholine in lung slices were similar, independent of severity of lung disease. The pool size of surfactant within the alveoli is an important determinant of lung disease in premature lambs; however, surface tension, tissue maturity, and other factors may contribute to the severity of the disease. PMID- 6552895 TI - Methicillin-resistant septal peptidoglycan synthesis in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. AB - In a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain, electron micrographs showed that cell wall septa continued to be formed in the presence of methicillin, although they became distorted and enlarged. The results indicated that peripheral cell wall synthesis was inhibited. It is concluded that a methicillin-resistant mode of septal peptidoglycan synthesis is an important determinant of methicillin resistance. PMID- 6552896 TI - Ruling may restrict nurses practicing in expanded roles. PMID- 6552897 TI - Are you aware how state boards' actions affect your practice? PMID- 6552898 TI - Taking the stress our of OR communication. PMID- 6552899 TI - Disinfection or sterilization? Four views on arthroscopes. PMID- 6552900 TI - What are you doing to promote your nursing specialty? PMID- 6552901 TI - Discipline without punishment. PMID- 6552902 TI - Sterilization of powered surgical instruments. PMID- 6552903 TI - Hospitals withdraw from Social Security. PMID- 6552904 TI - Proposed recommended practices for preparation, utilization, and maintenance of the pneumatic tourniquet. PMID- 6552905 TI - Selecting teaching methods. A teaching plan for emergency procedures. PMID- 6552906 TI - Spinal cord injury: diagnostic indicators. AB - Two experiments are summarized. One study revealed the cutaneous reaction of patients with spinal cord injury to intradermal injection of histamine and compared it with the response of healthy controls. Results indicated that the prevailing number of patients with spinal cord injury failed to demonstrate the flare skin reaction below the lesion. In the second experiment the majority of patients with spinal cord injury showed an elevated complement level. Both findings could be helpful diagnostic procedures since the activated complement might play a potential role in the pathogenicity of this malady. PMID- 6552907 TI - ADA library does more than house books. PMID- 6552908 TI - Nurses at work: imagination wins at Armidale. PMID- 6552909 TI - In person: nursing in France. PMID- 6552910 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse. Obesity - the increasing problem. PMID- 6552911 TI - The nurse and the law: assault. PMID- 6552912 TI - Discrimination in nursing care: reality or fallacy? PMID- 6552913 TI - 'Patient perspective'--psychological effects of barrier nursing isolation. PMID- 6552914 TI - Nurses and health business in Central Australia. PMID- 6552915 TI - Nursing leadership--influences and trends. PMID- 6552916 TI - Gerontic nursing--a new impetus in nursing care. PMID- 6552918 TI - Reversible inhibition of protein synthesis in lung by halothane. AB - Alterations in the synthesis and degradation of proteins were investigated in intact lungs exposed to the volatile anaesthetic halothane. In rat lungs perfused in situ with Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate buffer containing 4.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin, 5.6 mM-glucose, plasma concentrations of 19 amino acids and 690 microM-[U-14C]-phenylalanine and equilibrated with O2/N2/CO2 (4:15:1), protein synthesis, calculated based on the specific radioactivity of aminoacyl-tRNA, was inhibited by halothane. The anaesthetic did not affect degradation of lung proteins. The inhibition of protein synthesis was rapid in onset, dose-dependent, and quickly reversible. It did not appear to be associated with overall energy depletion, with non-specific changes in cellular permeability, or with decreased availability of amino acids as substrates for protein synthesis. PMID- 6552919 TI - The influence of a unilateral nephrectomy on the kallikrein activity of the remaining kidney and on the urinary kallikrein excretion in rats. PMID- 6552920 TI - [Granulocytic elastase activity in healthy and sick persons]. PMID- 6552921 TI - Decentralized nursing at San Bernadino. PMID- 6552922 TI - Health and safety in the workplace--part 6. Chemotherapy hazard. PMID- 6552923 TI - Aged care challenges nursing curricula. PMID- 6552924 TI - CNA to intensify lobbying activities. PMID- 6552925 TI - Tardive dyskinesia, the involuntary movement disorder that no one really understands. PMID- 6552926 TI - Reflections on feelings. PMID- 6552927 TI - Safer lumbar myelograms--the search continues. PMID- 6552928 TI - What nurses say about primary nursing. PMID- 6552929 TI - Adding a new dimension to accountability. PMID- 6552930 TI - Commentary: whose risk is it, anyway? PMID- 6552931 TI - The Canadian Hospital Accreditation Program: made in Canada, for you. PMID- 6552933 TI - Perspectives on hospice. PMID- 6552932 TI - You and the law. Good communications a must, even in the ER. PMID- 6552934 TI - Family level services for the cancer patient: critical distinctions, fallacies, and assessment. PMID- 6552935 TI - An assessment of three alternative formats for promoting breast self-examination. PMID- 6552936 TI - Childhood cancer: meeting the special needs of healthy siblings. PMID- 6552938 TI - Cancer nursing and the law. Criminal prosecution for discontinuance of life support--Part II. PMID- 6552937 TI - Quality of life and persons with melanoma: a pilot study. PMID- 6552939 TI - A detailed mutational analysis of the eucaryotic tRNAmet1 gene promoter. AB - We have isolated phage M13 clones containing the X. laevis trnamet1 gene, each having one or a few C leads to T transitions in the tRNA coding sequence. Nearly every G-C and C-G base pair in the tDNA has been mutagenized. The importance of these altered nucleotides in transcription by RNA polymerase III has been assessed by injecting the cloned DNAs into frog oocyte nuclei together with alpha 32P-GTP and measuring the synthesis of labeled tRNAmet1. Several G-C and C-G base pairs in the structural gene appear to be major promoter determinants, because when mutated, transcription is reduced 3-fold to 20-fold. Most of these determinants occur between nucleotides 7 to 19 and 49 to 61 in sequence regions highly conserved among eucaryotic as well as procaryotic tRNAs. Several additional G-C and C-G base pairs between these two regions also contribute to promoter activity; their location suggests that a stem-loop structure in the DNA encoding the tRNA's anticodon arm is important for RNA polymerase III promoter function. PMID- 6552940 TI - Nurses and job satisfaction. PMID- 6552942 TI - Rights of management nurses. PMID- 6552941 TI - Professional accountability regarding employment. PMID- 6552943 TI - Nursing is revenue generating. PMID- 6552944 TI - Legislative labor definitions. PMID- 6552945 TI - Economics and employment for nurses. Helpful hints. PMID- 6552946 TI - Birth of a contract. PMID- 6552947 TI - Care study. William and Louisa. PMID- 6552948 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: a day in the life. PMID- 6552949 TI - District nursing. RMN on the district. PMID- 6552950 TI - Care study. Part 2: William and Louisa. PMID- 6552951 TI - Residential care: if we don't shout now. PMID- 6552952 TI - Women diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia) should be placed on sodium restricted diets. PMID- 6552953 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm: standard post-operative care. PMID- 6552954 TI - Lidocaine HCI injection, USP (intravenous injection for cardiac arrhythmias). PMID- 6552956 TI - The legal liabilities of critical care. The Good Samaritan Act. PMID- 6552955 TI - Improving communication through an R.N./M.D. advisory council. PMID- 6552958 TI - Continuous breath-by-breath monitoring greatly enhances patient care capabilities. PMID- 6552957 TI - Staying human under stress: stress reduction and emotional support in the critical care setting. PMID- 6552959 TI - Temporary AV sequential pacing. PMID- 6552960 TI - Minimizing the psychological complications of patients who require mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6552961 TI - Protocol for nursing care of patients with temporary pacemakers. PMID- 6552962 TI - Are you listening? Complications of anesthesia: a case study. PMID- 6552963 TI - Caring and sharing: neonatal nursing. Apnea of prematurity. PMID- 6552964 TI - Brain death determination and management in children. PMID- 6552965 TI - Coronary artery anatomy: the electrocardiographic and clinical correlations. PMID- 6552966 TI - Home study program. Magnesium, calcium, and phosphate imbalances; their clinical significance. PMID- 6552967 TI - The nurse as patient advocate: a commentary. PMID- 6552968 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase. 1. ICU nursing techniques. PMID- 6552969 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase. 2. Critical care nursing in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. PMID- 6552970 TI - Pediatric arrhythmias: a nursing approach. PMID- 6552971 TI - Fat embolism syndrome. PMID- 6552972 TI - Decision making in critical care nursing. PMID- 6552973 TI - Nursing techniques for the artificial-heart patient. PMID- 6552974 TI - Weekend scheduling: the 12-hour shift. PMID- 6552975 TI - The nurse-computer interface: effectiveness of computerized arrhythmia monitoring. PMID- 6552976 TI - Pulse counting and the pacemaker patient. PMID- 6552977 TI - Continuing education for the experienced nurse. PMID- 6552978 TI - Saturated phosphatidylcholine secretion and the effect of natural surfactant on premature and term lambs ventilated for 2 days. AB - Lambs prematurely delivered by cesarean section and term lambs were supported on ventilators and studied over a period of 2 days. Sequential measurements of ventilatory requirements, lung compliance, and arterial pH, pO2, and pCO2 values documented the course of the lung disease. In five premature lambs the pCO2 increased to 77 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- SE) by 40.5 +/- 3.1 hr of age, at which time treatment with 50 mg natural sheep surfactant lipid/kg body weight by tracheal instillation resulted in improvements in pH, pO2, and pCO2 measurements. Radiolabeled palmitic acid was injected systemically after birth to detect the appearance of endogenously synthesized and secreted saturated phosphatidylcholine in sequential airway samples. Radiolabeled saturated phosphatidylcholine specific activity increased in a relatively linear fashion for about 30 hr in lambs treated with natural surfactant, in untreated premature lambs, and in term lambs. The study demonstrates that surfactant therapy can improve the ventilatory status of premature lambs despite many hours of ventilation for pulmonary immaturity. The overall kinetics of secretion of saturated phosphatidylcholine is similar in lambs with and without pulmonary immaturity. PMID- 6552979 TI - On the mechanism of tRNATrp aminoacylation catalysed by beef tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase using presteady-state kinetics. AB - The dimeric tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from beef pancreas has been found to activate 2 tryptophans/mol enzyme [Eur. J. Biochem. (1982) 128, 389-398]. By using quenched-flow and stopped-flow methods under presteady-state conditions, we show that only one enzyme subunit operates at a time in the aminoacylation of tRNATrp and that the transfer reaction is not the rate-limiting step in the overall aminoacylation process. PMID- 6552980 TI - Cloning and DNA sequence of the genes for two bacteriophage T5 tRNAsSer. AB - Bacteriophage T5 Bg/II/Hind III DNA fragment (803 basepairs), containing the genes for 2 tRNAs and 2 RNAs with unknown functions, was cloned in the plasmid pBR322. The analysis of DNA sequence indicates that tRNA genes code isoacceptor tRNAsSer (tRNA1Ser and tRNA2Ser) with anticodons UGA and GGA, respectively. The main unusual structural feature of these tRNAs is the presence of extra non basepaired nucleotides in the joinings of stem 'b' with stems 'a' and 'c'. PMID- 6552981 TI - [Ancylostomiasis]. PMID- 6552982 TI - [Radiation sickness]. PMID- 6552983 TI - [Arterial hypertension in adolescence and youth]. PMID- 6552984 TI - [Scoliosis]. PMID- 6552985 TI - [Organization of the work of an examination room]. PMID- 6552986 TI - [Hiatal hernias and pregnancy]. PMID- 6552987 TI - [Gonorrhea in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6552988 TI - [Sarcoma of the uterus]. PMID- 6552989 TI - [Depressive states]. PMID- 6552990 TI - [Hypertensive crisis]. PMID- 6552992 TI - [Prevention of diseases--a social and medical task]. PMID- 6552991 TI - [World Health Day]. PMID- 6552993 TI - [Sanitary control over the use of poisonous chemicals in agriculture]. PMID- 6552994 TI - [Principles of drug therapy in old age]. PMID- 6552995 TI - [Rhodiola rosacea]. PMID- 6552996 TI - [Varicose veins of the lower extremities during pregnancy]. PMID- 6552997 TI - [Prevention of mumps]. PMID- 6552998 TI - Child auto safety. Part II. PMID- 6553000 TI - [Diurnal variations in the incidence at premature rupture of the membranes]. AB - Among 8739 deliveries premature rupture of the membranes was noticed in 1.792 cases. The premature rupture of the membranes occurred mostly during the night. During the 8 hours of the night from 2200-0600 hours the membranes ruptured more frequently than during the 16 hours of the day. One would expect that the forewaters break more readily during the daytime because of the upright position, the orthostatic pressure and some shock phenomena. The observed lower incidence of premature rupture of the membranes during the day is explained by protective mechanism which occur like a valve in the upright position. PMID- 6552999 TI - [Tocolysis with hexoprenalin and salbutamol in a clinical comparison]. AB - 140 patients with a threatening premature birth at the greater than or equal to 24-less than 37 week of gestation were in this study randomly treated with hexoprenalin or salbutamol. In 77% in the hexoprenalin and in 74% in the salbutamol group the weight of the newborn was greater than or equal to 2500 g. In 66% in both study groups the birth occurred after the completed 37 weeks of gestation. During infusion of hexoprenalin tachycardia in mothers occurred statistically highly significantly less than during salbutamol. 11% of the mothers in the hexoprenalin group had side-effects during infusion compared to 30% in the salbutamol group. The correlation between the tocolysis-index (Baumgarten) and the prolongation-index (Richter) given by the regression lines facilitates in some measure the comparison of different tocolytic drugs concerning its tocolytic effect. PMID- 6553001 TI - [Premature fetal membrane rupture: report of a case of severe intrauterine fungal infection]. AB - A case of extremely rare intra-uterine candida infection is reported following premature rupture of the membranes. The diagnostic possibilities by transabdominal amniocentesis and determination of the causative organism in the amniotic fluid are presented. Even systemic antimykotic treatment is not capable of treating intra-uterine candidiasis sufficiently. This is proved among other parameters by the concentration of miconazol in the amniotic fluid and in the plasma of the newborn. PMID- 6553002 TI - [Internal osteosynthesis of pathological fractures caused by breast cancer]. PMID- 6553003 TI - [Fetal indication for termination of pregnancy -- from the legal view]. AB - Evaluation of conditions determining foetal indication for termination of pregnancy must be based on the severity of the damage to the child and the degree of probability of such damage, as well as on the individual physical and mental capacity of the mother to bear the involved stress. If a viable child is born as a result of the termination of pregnancy, it is automatically placed from the moment of its birth under the protection of current legislation applying to culpable homicide and culpable homicide not amounting to murder. PMID- 6553004 TI - CE credit through home study. Confusion: recognition and remedy. PMID- 6553005 TI - Confusion: recognition and remedy. Notes on a nursing home. PMID- 6553006 TI - Confusion: recognition and remedy. Scope of the problem and its diagnosis. PMID- 6553007 TI - Confusion: recognition and remedy. Separation of the confused or integration with the lucid? PMID- 6553008 TI - Confusion: recognition and remedy. Reaching the patient. PMID- 6553009 TI - Confusion: recognition and remedy. Assessing communication. PMID- 6553010 TI - Confusion: recognition and remedy. The nurse's aide and the confused person. PMID- 6553011 TI - Confusion: recognition and remedy. Implications for the health professions. PMID- 6553012 TI - Postural hypotension. PMID- 6553013 TI - Nutrition. Special help for eating problems. PMID- 6553014 TI - Drugs and the elderly. When are drugs necessary? PMID- 6553015 TI - Human tissue kallikrein. I. Isolation and characterization of human pancreatic kallikrein from duodenal juice. AB - Human pancreatic kallikrein was purified from duodenal juice by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and immunoaffinity chromatography. Thus, an enzyme preparation with a specific activity (using Ac-Phe-Arg-OEt as substrate) of 1 000 U/mg protein was obtained. A specific biological activity of 1310 KE/mg protein was measured in the dog blood pressure assay and of 0.361 HMW kininogen U/mg, corresponding to the liberation of 383 micrograms bradykinin-equivalents per mg enzyme per min from HMW kininogen in the rat uterus assay. In dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis one protein band corresponding to a molecular mass of 27 kDa was obtained. Using gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA-44 a molecular mass of 40 kDa was measured. The amino-acid composition was determined and isoleucine and alanine were identified as the only N-terminal amino-acid residues. On isoelectric focusing four protein bands with isoelectric points of 5.60, 5.65, 5.70 and 5.85 were separated. The bimolecular velocity constant for the inhibition by diisopropyl fluoro phosphate was determined as 10.5 l x mol-1 x min 1. The dissociation constant Ki of the human pancreatic kallikrein-aprotinin complex was calculated to be 1.5 x 10(-10)M. The kinetic constants for the kallikrein-catalysed hydrolysis of Ac-Phe-Arg-OEt and D Val-Leu-Arg-Nan were determined. Immunological studies showed a close relationship between the human pancreatic kallikrein and other human tissue kallikreins, especially with human urinary kallikrein. Detergents such as Triton X-100, Tween 20 and lysolecithin, as well as human serum albumin, activated the human pancreatic kallikrein preparation. PMID- 6553016 TI - Human tissue kallikrein. II. Isolation and characterization of human salivary kallikrein. AB - Human salivary kallikrein was isolated from saliva using affinity chromatography on aprotinin-Sepharose and anti-human urinary kallikrein IgG-Sepharose followed by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose. The enzyme preparation had a specific activity of 950 U/mg protein towards the synthetic substrate Ac-Phe-Arg OEt, a specific biological activity of 2000 KE/mg protein (measured in the dog blood pressure assay) and 0.64 HMW-kininogen-U/mg, corresponding to the liberation of 679 micrograms bradykinin equivalents per mg enzyme per min from HMW-kininogen (using the rat uterus test). In sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis one protein band corresponding to a molecular mass of 32 kDa was obtained. The amino-acid composition was determined and isoleucin was found as the only N-terminal residue. The bimolecular velocity constant for the inhibition by diisopropyl fluorophosphate was determined as 8 l x mol-1 x min-1. The dissociation constant Ki of the human salivary kallikrein-aprotinin complex was calculated to be 0.7 x 10(-10)M. The Km and Vmax values for the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrates Ac-Phe-Arg-OEt and D Val-Leu-Arg-Nan were determined. In the enzyme immunoassay for human urinary kallikrein parallel binding curves were obtained. PMID- 6553017 TI - [Perspectives on changes in education and in the structure of the workplace]. PMID- 6553018 TI - [Point-blank. Faced with my exhaustion]. PMID- 6553019 TI - [Legal aspects. A case of postoperative infection]. PMID- 6553020 TI - Effect of high dose oral Kallikrein treatment in men with idiopathic subfertility: evaluation by means of in vitro penetration test of zona free hamster ova. AB - High dose oral Kallikrein treatment (600 U Padutine per day) was given to 10 infertile men with poor semen quality. After 3 months of this treatment no pregnancies occurred, and no significant changes in routine semen characteristics were observed. Moreover, the capacity of the spermatozoa to migrate in vitro and to penetrate zona free hamster ova remained unchanged after Kallikrein ingestion. It is concluded that Kallikrein treatment was ineffective in these men. PMID- 6553021 TI - The effect of oral Kallikrein treatment on sperm motility in asthenozoospermia. AB - Nineteen men with asthenozoospermia were treated with oral Kallikrein (600 U daily for 12 weeks) and sperm motility evaluated in 16 of these patients. No quantitative or qualitative improvement motility or the duration of motility was found in semen samples examined 4, 12, and 24 weeks after starting the treatment. Two pregnancies occurred 11 and 40 weeks after discontinuation of the Kallikrein therapy. PMID- 6553022 TI - Nosocomial infections: decade-specific risk. AB - Although the elderly are thought to be at increased risk for acquiring nosocomial infections (NIs), the degree of risk has not been carefully quantified. We determined the decade-specific risks of NIs. The rate was constant at approximately 10 per 1,000 discharged patients from birth to 40 to 49 years. Thereafter the rate rose logarithmically and peaked at greater than 100 per 1,000 discharges after 70 years. Of all NIs, 64% occurred after 60 years of age. Yet, this elderly group made up only 23% of hospitalized patients. In conclusion, while the elderly comprise a small fraction of hospitalized patients, they account for the majority of nosocomial infections. PMID- 6553023 TI - An outbreak of gentamicin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. AB - The intensive care unit at Children's Medical Center in Dallas is a medical surgical unit that cares for pediatric patients of all ages. In 1978 an outbreak of infections occurred that was caused by a gentamicin-resistant strain of Enterobacter cloacae. Thirty of the 34 patients involved in the outbreak were neonates. Six patients developed bacteremia, five of them neonates. The neonates who became infected were significantly smaller (less 1500 g) and more premature (less than 35 weeks) than control patients. Neonates with bacteremia had a significantly higher incidence of congenital anomalies. In a multi-specialty pediatric intensive care unit newborn infants were the group of patients at high risk for nosocomial infection. PMID- 6553024 TI - Nafcillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a possible community origin. AB - An increased incidence in nafcillin (semisynthetic penicillins) resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SR-SA), which peaked in January 1980, was noted in Columbus Children's Hospital (CCH), Columbus, Ohio. To investigate the source of this outbreak, we reviewed the susceptibility patterns of S. aureus strains isolated at CCH for a 12-month period (July 1979 to June 1980). A total of 773 isolates from 706 patients were investigated with a total of 40 patients colonized or infected with SR-SA, approximately 25% of which were diagnosed in the ambulatory clinics. These patients did not have any apparent previous contact with the inpatient unit or inpatient personnel. Eight nosocomial infections were also uncovered. The first appeared in December 1979. Our studies suggested that some SR-SA isolates may have originated in the community and these organisms may not be exclusive to the hospital environment, as was felt to be the case previously. We also determined that the baseline incidence for our hospital of SR SA was approximately 2% of total S. aureus isolates. Only 35% of the SR-SA demonstrated resistance to multiple antibiotics. This report indicates that community and nosocomial S. aureus isolates should be monitored for nafcillin resistance. Vancomycin susceptibility should be tested on all isolates and reported for SR-SA in life-threatening infections. PMID- 6553025 TI - Respiratory illness in conference participants following exposure to rug shampoo. AB - Persons participating in a conference in a major city motel experienced transient mild respiratory illness associated with their presence in the motel conference rooms. The illness was characterized by coughing, sneezing, sore throat, headache, eye irritation, and other symptoms of exposure to a respiratory irritant. Investigation incriminated a chemical shampoo used to clean the conference room rugs approximately one week earlier. Repeated cleaning of the rugs to remove excess cleaning compound eliminated the problem. Excessive application of the shampoo, coupled with a poorly ventilated environment, apparently produced a chemical concentration sufficient to cause clinical illness. PMID- 6553026 TI - Managing the health services: 3: Joint planning and joint funding. PMID- 6553027 TI - The health visitor, family planning and personal relationship. PMID- 6553028 TI - Do we need a domiciliary family planning service? PMID- 6553029 TI - Contraception--are women getting a fair deal? PMID- 6553030 TI - The family planning association. PMID- 6553031 TI - Family planning update. PMID- 6553032 TI - Will critical care nursing survive? PMID- 6553033 TI - An interdisciplinary approach to cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 6553034 TI - Comparison of cardiocirculatory responses to intensive arm and leg training in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 6553035 TI - Short- and long-term prognostic and functional stratification of acute myocardial infarction by hemodynamic and ergometric evaluation. PMID- 6553036 TI - Left ventricular echocardiogram profiles after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6553037 TI - Lidocaine prophylaxis in myocardial infarction: a concept whose time has come. PMID- 6553038 TI - Routine prophylactic lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6553040 TI - Protecting the transducer--a practical approach. PMID- 6553039 TI - The effect of antistasis footboard exercises on selected measures of exertion. PMID- 6553041 TI - The effect of fatigue on the vigilance of nurses monitoring electrocardiograms. PMID- 6553042 TI - Stress-tolerant people: intensive care nurses compared with non-intensive care nurses. PMID- 6553043 TI - Anemia and malignancies. PMID- 6553044 TI - A study of reciprocal rhythm with concealed conduction. PMID- 6553045 TI - Electrical alternation. AB - ST segment alternans occurs relatively infrequently. However, it is seen in 30% of patients with Prinzmetal's angina, especially when the ST segment is markedly elevated. Ventricular arrhythmias occur frequently during ST segment alternation. PMID- 6553046 TI - Nursing management for barbiturate therapy in acute head injuries. PMID- 6553048 TI - Patients who require Stryker frame therapy. PMID- 6553047 TI - Respiratory infection in the mechanically ventilated patient--an overview. PMID- 6553049 TI - Nursing management for barbiturate therapy in acute head injuries. PMID- 6553050 TI - C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway. Demonstration of an active, stable C3b, Bb (Ni) complex. AB - The purposes of this study were to demonstrate the C3 convertase complex, C3b, Bb (EC 3.4.21.47), of the alternative pathway of complement by ultracentrifugation and to determine whether the metal ion required for enzyme formation is present in the active enzyme complex. It has been shown previously that C3b,Bb formed with Ni2+ rather than Mg2+ exhibits enhanced stability. Using sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, an enzymatically active C3b,Bb(Ni) complex could be demonstrated which has a sedimentation coefficient of 10.7 S and which is stable in 10 mM EDTA. Upon formation of the enzyme with the radioisotope 63Ni2+, the ultracentrifugal distribution of the metal correlated with that of the enzyme complex. The molar ratio of Ni to C3b,Bb was 1:1. Displacement of Ni by Mg during formation of the enzyme indicated that both metals may bind to the same site in the enzyme. Binding of 63Ni to the catalytic site bearing fragment Bb was significantly stronger than its binding to C3b or to the zymogen, Factor B. It is proposed that there is one metal-binding site in the C3b,Bb enzyme which is not susceptible to chelation by EDTA and which is located in the Bb subunit. PMID- 6553051 TI - Studies on the effect of ethanol on eukaryotic protein synthesis in vitro. AB - The effects of varying concentrations of ethanol on reactions involved in protein biosynthesis have been examined using a cell-free system from Chinese hamster ovary cells that actively translates natural mRNAs in order to detect those components most sensitive to alcohol. Ethanol, at relatively low concentrations (0.2 M or lower) inhibited the translation of endogenous polysomal mRNAs and, in mRNA-depleted extracts, of exogenous natural mRNA. Ethanol markedly inhibited leucyl-tRNA synthetase, and it inhibited Phe- and Glu-tRNA synthetases to some extent, but had only a small effect on several other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, elongation factors 1 and 2, ribosomes, or the formation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 . GTP . Met-tRNAr ternary complex. Methanol inhibited slightly the translation of mRNA and Leu-tRNA synthetase, but isobutyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol strongly depressed these activities. Ethanol inhibited the interaction of leucine with Leu-tRNA synthetase competitively, whereas isobutyl alcohol and acetaldehyde inhibited the leucine interaction in a noncompetitive manner. Leu tRNA synthetase from Chinese hamster ovary cells was more sensitive to ethanol than that from yeast. PMID- 6553052 TI - A GDP/GTP exchange factor essential for eukaryotic initiation factor 2 cycling in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and its regulation by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 phosphorylation. AB - Formation of the ternary complex Met-tRNAi X eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 2 X GTP from eIF-2 X GDP requires exchange of GDP for GTP. However, at physiological Mg2+ concentrations, GDP is released from eIF-2 exceedingly slowly (Clemens, M.J., Pain, V.M., Wong, S.T., and Henshaw, E.C. (1982) Nature (Lond.) 296, 93-95). However, GDP is released rapidly from impure eIF-2 preparations, indicating the presence of a GDP/GTP exchange factor. We have now purified this factor from Ehrlich cells and refer to it as GEF. CM-Sephadex chromatography of ribosomal salt wash separated two peaks of eIF-2 activity. GEF was found in association with eIF-2 in the first peak and co-purified with eIF-2 under low salt conditions. It was separated from eIF-2 in high salt buffers and further purified on hydroxylapatite and phosphocellulose. Gel electrophoresis of our purest preparations showed major bands at 85, 67, 52, 37, 27, and 21 kDa. Purified GEF increased the rate of exchange of [32P] GDP for unlabeled GDP 25 fold but did not function with phosphorylated eIF-2 (alpha subunit). The factor also stimulated markedly the rate of ternary complex formation using eIF-2 X GDP as substrate with GTP and Met-tRNAi but not using phosphorylated eIF-2 X GDP as substrate. eIF-2 is released from the 80 S initiation complex with hydrolysis of GTP. If eIF-2 X GDP is actually the complex released, then GEF is absolutely required for eIF-2 to cycle and it is therefore a new eukaryotic initiation factor. Furthermore, the inability of GEF to utilize eIF-2 (alpha P) X GDP explains how phosphorylation of eIF-2 can inhibit polypeptide chain initiation. PMID- 6553053 TI - Sulfatide-dependent autoactivation of human blood coagulation Factor XII (Hageman Factor). AB - When purified human blood coagulation Factor XII (Hageman factor) is incubated with sulfatides at 37 degrees C, activation of Factor XII occurs as judged by the appearance of amidolytic activity towards the chromogenic substrate H-D-Pro-Phe Arg-p-nitroanilide. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies using 125I-Factor XII as a marker show that the appearance of amidolytic activity correlates with Factor XII cleavage, that activation goes to completion and that virtually all Factor XIIa formed is present as the two-chain, 80,000 Mr form, alpha-Factor XIIa. Rigorous analysis of kinetic data establishes that, between 0.02 and greater than 90% of the reaction, the activation of Factor XII is described by a mechanism of autoactivation of Factor XII by Factor XIIa. The rate of autoactivation increases with increasing Factor XII concentrations at constant sulfatide levels but decreases with increasing sulfatide concentrations at constant levels of Factor XII. These findings suggest that the concentrations of Factor XII and Factor XIIa bound to the sulfatide surface determine the rate of autoactivation. Soybean trypsin inhibitor, Trasylol, and anti-prekallikrein antibodies have no influence on the rate of sulfatide-dependent autoactivation of Factor XII. Benzamidine inhibits autoactivation with an inhibitor constant, Ki, of 1.9 mM which is similar to the Ki of 1.5 mM for the enzyme, alpha-Factor XIIa. Thus, sulfatide-dependent activation of purified Factor XII is not due to contaminating proteases and is described by a second order mechanism of autoactivation due to the action of surface-bound Factor XIIa on surface-bound Factor XII. PMID- 6553054 TI - Mapping of the S' subsites of porcine pancreatic and human leucocyte elastases. AB - Trifluoroacetyl dipeptide anilides have been synthesized and used to map the S' subsites of porcine pancreatic elastase and human leucocyte elastase. A confident mapping of these subsites, at least for the porcine enzyme, was possible since the x-ray crystallographic study of its complex with CF3CO-Lys-Ala-NH-Ph-p-CF3 at a resolution of 2.5 A (Hughes, D. L., Sieker, L. C., Bieth, J., and Dimicoli, J. L. (1982) J. Mol. Biol. 162, 645-658) shows the CF3CO group at the S1 subsite and the dipeptide anilide bound at sites close to the S'1-S'3 subsites. Furthermore the effect of substitution was easy to investigate since these ligands are reversible competitive inhibitors of elastases, whose mode of binding to the porcine enzyme has been shown by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Dimicoli, J. L., Renaud, A., and Bieth, J. (1980) Eur. J. Biochem. 107, 423-432) to be essentially unique and common to all CF3CO peptide anilides. The total number of S' subsites was found to be three for both enzymes. The individual subsites have the following specificities: subsite S'1, in porcine pancreatic elastase this subsite prefers Lys to Ala or Glu. In human leucocyte elastase this subsite is less specific; subsite S'2, in porcine pancreatic elastase, this subsite has a marked specificity for Ala. It accommodates bulkier residues with some difficulty. In human leucocyte elastase there is a remarkable specificity for Leu at this subsite; subsite S'3, in porcine pancreatic elastase, this subsite has a high aromatic specificity. In human leucocyte elastase there is no such affinity in S'3 but favorable local interaction exists. These specificities are examined on the basis of the coordinates of the CF3CO-Lys-Ala-NH-Ph-p-CF3 . porcine pancreatic elastase complex. Furthermore the different specificities of the S'2 subsite found in our own work and proposed by Atlas (Atlas, D. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 93, 39-53) are briefly discussed. PMID- 6553055 TI - Inhibition of degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by mevinolin. AB - Mevinolin is demonstrated to inhibit the degradation of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Evidence is presented that this effect of mevinolin is not general to degradation of total cellular proteins and is not due to the block to mevalonate synthesis produced by this compound. PMID- 6553056 TI - The sites of neurotoxicity in alpha-cobratoxin. AB - We have chemically modified groups of amino acids in the sequence of alpha cobratoxin and have studied the derivatives as to their affinity of binding to the acetylcholine receptor protein from Torpedo marmorata. (i) The toxin derivatives which were fully modified at lysine (penta-epsilon-N,N-dimethyl lysine; penta-epsilon-N-acetyl lysine), arginine (penta-N7,N8-(1,2 dihydroxycyclohex-1,2-ylene arginine), and tyrosine (mononitrotyrosine) all had significant remaining toxicity and affinity of binding. (ii) The "extra" disulfide of alpha-cobratoxin was selectively reduced and alkylated. Depending on the charge, size, and hydrophobicity of the attached groups, derivatives were obtained that bound to the acetylcholine receptor with higher (di-S carboxyamidomethyl), about equal (di-S-pyridylethyl), or lower (di iodoacetaminoethylnaphthylamine-5-sulfonic acid) affinity than the unmodified toxin. (iii) A fully reduced and carbamidomethylated derivative of alpha cobratoxin obtained by repeating the procedure for selective reduction six times still bound with appreciable affinity (KD approximately 3 X 10(-6) M) to the acetylcholine receptor. We conclude that neither a single positively charged residue nor tyrosine nor the integrity of the disulfides is absolutely essential for toxicity. Furthermore, the single tyrosine and the area around the extra disulfide do not participate in the binding to the receptor. Together with previous findings on this interaction, this suggests a multipoint attachment of toxin and receptor involving several locally separate structural elements of the toxin. PMID- 6553057 TI - Kinin release from high molecular weight kininogen by the action of Hageman factor in the absence of kallikrein. AB - Proteolysis of 125I-high molecular weight (Mr) kininogen occurred in kaolin activated plasma which was deficient in prekallikrein, but not in plasma which lacked both prekallikrein and Hageman factor (HF) activity. The implication of this observation is that HF itself might be capable of releasing kinin from high Mr kininogen. This concept was further supported by the following studies. In a purified protein system rabbit (Mr = 80,000) two-chain activated HF (alpha-HFa) incubated with human 125I-high Mr kininogen caused rapid proteolysis of the kininogen in the presence, but not in the absence, of kaolin. This was in contrast to the effect of kallikrein on proteolysis of high Mr kininogen which was inhibited 10-fold by the presence of kaolin. The possibilities that the alpha HFa preparation was contaminated by rabbit kallikrein or that the human high Mr kininogen preparation was contaminated by human prekallikrein were excluded by using specific antibodies (IgG) against these proteins. The proteolytic fragments of 125I-high Mr kininogen generated by both alpha-HFa and kallikrein were indistinguishable by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis. Bioassayable kinin was released from high Mr kininogen following incubation with alpha-HFa in the presence of kaolin. The amount of kinin released in proportion to the extent of proteolysis was the same for both kallikrein and alpha-HFa. The data show that activated Hageman factor may cause release of kinin by proteolytic cleavage of high Mr kininogen. This phenomenon occurs not only in a purified system of proteins but also in kaolin-activated plasma. PMID- 6553058 TI - Prenatal testing for Tay-Sachs disease in the light of Jewish views regarding abortion. PMID- 6553059 TI - Dilemmas in prenatal diagnosis: a case study. PMID- 6553060 TI - Decision making in prenatal genetic diagnosis. PMID- 6553061 TI - Prenatal genetic counseling: ethical and legal interfaces with the nurse's role. PMID- 6553062 TI - New cardiac diagnostic techniques and interventions. PMID- 6553063 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography and doppler echocardiography. PMID- 6553064 TI - New methods for treating malignant ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 6553065 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6553066 TI - Systolic hypertension. PMID- 6553067 TI - Raynaud's disease in patients with mitral valvular prolapse. PMID- 6553068 TI - Carotid ultrasound. PMID- 6553069 TI - Congenital heart surgery in adults. PMID- 6553070 TI - Differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma. PMID- 6553071 TI - EKG of the month. When this you see ... PMID- 6553072 TI - Chronic pain review. A "family affair". PMID- 6553073 TI - The balance of lung connective tissue elements in elastase-induced emphysema. AB - Elastase-induced emphysema is associated with changes in all components of connective tissue, including elastin. The abnormal restructuring of lung parenchyma that occurs after elastase administration in hamsters might reflect an abnormal balance of elastin, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan in lung parenchyma. To test this hypothesis, we measured total amounts and levels of accumulation over 24 hr of connective tissue elements in lung explants at several points over a 1-year period after a single elastase treatment in hamsters. We found acute, early changes in the metabolism of elastin, collagen, and glycosaminoglycan consistent with degradation of elastin and increased turnover of collagen and glycosaminoglycan. By day 21 after elastase treatment, lung elastin had returned to control values, then rose and stayed elevated throughout the remainder of the study period. Total collagen levels rose in both control and elastase-treated lungs by the same amount over the year period. However, incorporation of 14C proline into collagen hydroxyproline was elevated only in elastase-treated lungs over the period of 21 to 360 days. Incorporation of 14C-glucosamine into glycosaminoglycan was greatest over the period of 1 to 5 days after treatment and total levels also peaked at this time. By day 21 both incorporation of glucosamine and total levels of glycosaminoglycan had returned to normal, where they remained. The ratios of glycosaminoglycan to elastin and glycosaminoglycan to collagen were calculated over the period of 21 to 360 days to determine whether the long-term relative balance of these components had changed in elastase-treated lungs. We found that a steady-state imbalance existed between heparan sulfate and collagen and heparan sulfate and elastin, suggesting that an inappropriate amount of heparan sulfate was present relative to the amounts of collagen and elastin. We conclude that administration of elastase results in changes in the long-term balance of lung connective tissue components. PMID- 6553074 TI - Calcium blocking agents for treatment of cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 6553075 TI - Review of recovery from intracerebral hematoma in children and adults. PMID- 6553076 TI - Lumbar laminectomy: diagnosis to discharge. PMID- 6553077 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia: approaches to nursing care. PMID- 6553078 TI - An educational curriculum based on the clinical levels concept. PMID- 6553079 TI - Clear communication and attitude in conflict resolution. PMID- 6553080 TI - Defining neurosurgical and neurological nursing practice: establishing our clinical parameters, Part II. PMID- 6553081 TI - Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation: saving more lives with technology. PMID- 6553082 TI - Hospital laundry processing: setting standards for optimum results. PMID- 6553083 TI - The migration and transformation of certain operating rooms. PMID- 6553085 TI - What every nurse should know about vaginitis. PMID- 6553084 TI - [Anthocyanosides extracted from Vitis vinifera, Vaccinium myrtillus and Pinus maritimus. I. Elastase-inhibiting activities in vitro. II. Compared angioprotective activities in vivo]. PMID- 6553086 TI - Your CE topic this month (no. 6). Drug excretion into human milk: part I. PMID- 6553088 TI - Big jobs are for big people. PMID- 6553087 TI - Role playing. PMID- 6553089 TI - Calcium channel blockers: new directions in angina treatment. PMID- 6553090 TI - Origins of aggression. PMID- 6553091 TI - The nurse and the alcoholic: redefining an historically ambivalent relationship. PMID- 6553092 TI - Listening reliably to psychosocial concerns of youth. PMID- 6553093 TI - [Occasional thoughts; about the conceptions of nursing research]. PMID- 6553094 TI - [Hands in nursing--How are the nurses' hands imaged?]. PMID- 6553095 TI - [What is "nursing management"--a question abut Kusakari tentative plan]. PMID- 6553096 TI - [Development of a health attitude scale]. PMID- 6553098 TI - [About a lecture of Miss Virginia Henderson]. PMID- 6553097 TI - [Maternal attachment behavior and the mother's self concept: the effect of early skin-to-skin contact]. PMID- 6553099 TI - [The approach to an english monograph. Read the title! Read the summary!]. PMID- 6553100 TI - [For beginners of nursing research. Framing of research design--part II]. PMID- 6553101 TI - [Proposal: my 50 years' research life. Mathematical research]. PMID- 6553102 TI - [Commentary: research and its development--some issues of psychology of language]. PMID- 6553103 TI - [Interview; process of accomplishment of a picture]. PMID- 6553104 TI - Cervical dysplasia and condylomata acuminata in young women. AB - A retrospective investigation compared the medical records of 56 young women with abnormal Pap smears with the medical records of 60 women who comprised the control group to determine if there is a relationship between cervical dysplasia in young women and a history of condylomata acuminata. A statistically significant link between condylomata acuminata and cervical dysplasia was shown. Implications for nurses are discussed. PMID- 6553105 TI - Locus of control specific to pregnancy. AB - A woman's control expectancies for the labor and delivery experience will affect her satisfaction with the experience. Careful assessment by the nurse will identify the woman as having I Control, P Control, or C control expectancies. Internal control expectancies are not inherently preferable: Rotter states that the " early hypothesis that locus of control would have a curvilinear relationship to adjustment has not been born out." Thus, the narrow approach that encourages the development of internal control beliefs without first assessing the woman's internal, powerful others, and chance control attitudes should be avoided. Only after the childbirth expectancies have been assessed can the nurse provide the support to encourage realistic control expectancies. PMID- 6553106 TI - Contraceptive use and perceptions of chance and ability of conceiving in women electing abortion. AB - A convenient sample of 32 women seeking abortion was studied to determine the relationship between a woman's use of birth control and her perception of her chance and ability of conceiving. Subjects were between the ages of 16 and 29 years, white, unmarried, and gravida one. The Consistency Chance and Ability inventory, a self-report questionnaire, was completed by each subject. The data show a relationship between a woman's use of birth control and her perception of her chance and ability of conceiving. How nurses can assist women in making choices about contraceptive use is discussed. PMID- 6553107 TI - Eisenmenger's syndrome and the pregnant patient. AB - The presence of Eisenmenger's syndrome places the pregnant patient at high risk for maternal and neonatal mortality. Since patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome generally survive until the fourth decade, some patients with this disease process will become pregnant. A discussion of cardiovascular changes that occur during pregnancy is presented with a description of the manifestations of Eisenmenger's syndrome. The literature on Eisenmenger's syndrome in pregnancy is reviewed and a therapeutic approach to the management of the pregnant patient with this disease is presented. PMID- 6553108 TI - A rational approach to drug use in pregnancy. AB - Abnormalities occur in approximately three percent of all newborns. Of these, about five to 10 percent are caused by teratogens with an estimated one percent the result of drug use. The teratogenic effects of drugs are time related, species related, and dose related. Presented below is information about drugs known and suspected of producing teratogenic effects. Also, counseling of the gravida is discussed. Nurses need to communicate accurate information to the patient and then allow the patient to weigh the benefits of the drug against its potential risk. PMID- 6553109 TI - Helping parents cope with infant crying. AB - Infant crying can be a problem because parents often receive conflicting advice about crying from relatives, friends, childrearing "experts," and health professionals. Nurses are in a unique position to counsel parents about this aspect of childrearing. Infant crying as a signal is discussed, and research related to infant crying is reviewed. Recommendations are given for nurses counseling parents about coping with infant crying. PMID- 6553111 TI - Perinatal risk. AB - Genetic inheritance, the embryonic-fetal environment, and the family and social milieu are factors that may place the fetus-newborn at an increased risk for premature birth, congenital malformations, or neonatal illness. Knowledge of these factors is crucial to providing optimum nursing care to newborns. These factors are discussed in detail, and appropriate nursing assessments and interventions are reviewed. PMID- 6553110 TI - Moral problems in nursing practice. PMID- 6553112 TI - Common hematologic problems of the immediate newborn period. AB - Hematologic problems in the early periods of postnatal life are common. Many complications of the common hematologic problems in the newborn, including death, might be prevented with astute nursing care. Frequently encountered blood disorders of the immediate newborn period, clinical manifestations, common treatments, and nursing management are presented. PMID- 6553113 TI - Physiologic basis of host susceptibility. AB - Host defense mechanisms are reviewed with examination of aspects particular to the increased susceptibility found in neonates. Three main factors contributing to increased susceptibility are identified: inexperienced immune system, immature phagocytosis, and an inability to localize infection. PMID- 6553114 TI - Acute respiratory care of the newborn. PMID- 6553115 TI - A basis for the nursing management of feeding the premature infant. AB - Adequate nutrition for the premature infant is often very difficult to achieve. The subject of nutritional management also is complicated by policies and techniques, such as feeding methods and feeding of ventilated infants, that vary between institutions. Basic facts about premature infant development, requirements, and metabolism of nutrients have been presented, however, to give the nurse the basis upon which to make decisions. With this knowledge, the nurse can continue to emerge as a central figure in the management of feeding the premature infant. PMID- 6553116 TI - Neonatal ostomies. AB - Two methods of neonatal ostomy care, nonappliance and appliance, are discussed. Skin problems associated with stoma care, such as excoriation, fungal infections, and allergic reactions, are reviewed and a number of suggestions are made for the proper care of stomas in the newborn. PMID- 6553118 TI - Health promotion at the work site. PMID- 6553117 TI - Four-day, forty-hour workweek for neonatal intensive care nurses. AB - The four-day, 40-hour alternative work schedule was presented to professional nurses in the special care nursery at a hospital and medical center in Chicago, Illinois. Within a few months, every nurse in the unit, in addition to those newly recruited, elected to work the alternative schedule. The project was evaluated at 12 and 18 months, with encouraging results. The nurses perceived the 10-hour day as a major structural support enabling them to provide optimal patient care while coping with work-related stress. PMID- 6553119 TI - Health promotion program. Topeka-Shawnee County Health Department. PMID- 6553120 TI - Nursing's role in corporate health. PMID- 6553121 TI - [Acute cholecystitis in the middle-aged and elderly in the emergency surgery department]. PMID- 6553122 TI - [Diarrhea and its treatment]. PMID- 6553123 TI - The evolution of a runner: the agony of De'Feet. PMID- 6553124 TI - Image--whose is it? PMID- 6553125 TI - Nursing assisted by computers? You bet! PMID- 6553126 TI - The micro computer--what, why, when? PMID- 6553127 TI - Studies on the effects of Tremella fuciformis Berk preparation on immunity and blood formation in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6553128 TI - Depressant action of Fructus Piperis Longi on the central nervous system. PMID- 6553130 TI - A study on the pathological illuminating signal point investigation of 300 subjects. PMID- 6553129 TI - A preliminary biochemical study on the protective effects of Qingkailing injection on liver injury. PMID- 6553131 TI - Blood flow, shape of capillary plexus and area of fungiform papilla as functions of tongue color. PMID- 6553132 TI - The relationship between fibergastroscopic picture and tongue inspection. PMID- 6553133 TI - Observation on 110 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis treated with Gastric Ease capsules. PMID- 6553134 TI - Treatment of 35 cases of leukoplakia vulvae with helium-neon laser radiation at acupuncture points. PMID- 6553136 TI - Lectures on essentials of traditional Chinese medicine. VII. Differentiation of syndromes. PMID- 6553135 TI - Boosting effects of drugs benefiting vital energy and activating blood and transfer factor on the immunity of patients with chronic cor pulmonale. PMID- 6553137 TI - Mode of action of tetrandrine on vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6553138 TI - A plan for the international standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion point names. PMID- 6553139 TI - [Symptoms and nursing. 3. Dehydration (2)]. PMID- 6553140 TI - [Bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6553142 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of angina pectoris]. PMID- 6553141 TI - [Physiopathology of angina pectoris]. PMID- 6553143 TI - [Nursing process for patients with angina pectoris]. PMID- 6553144 TI - [Nursing of patients with angina pectoris: a case study]. PMID- 6553145 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with angina pectoris. Evaluation of the nursing process: a discussion]. PMID- 6553146 TI - [Changing schemes in hospital nursing and unchanging nursing principles]. PMID- 6553147 TI - [A lesson in nursing of a patient with little desire for recovery]. PMID- 6553148 TI - [Encouragement of children hospitalized for a long time to study academic subjects]. PMID- 6553149 TI - [Psychology of cancer patients. The dying process]. PMID- 6553150 TI - [Assistance extended to a patient in the terminal stage of cancer and his family]. PMID- 6553151 TI - [Nursing process: limitations and possibilities of its application. Study of the procedures in each process: practice and evaluation (4). Items to be practiced and evaluated]. PMID- 6553152 TI - [Clinical conference: lessons in clinical training. Assistance of a patient with cognition disorder and a urination problem toward voluntary urination]. PMID- 6553153 TI - [Fluid therapy (3)--methods]. PMID- 6553154 TI - [Preparation of a nursing process to meet the basic needs (2)]. PMID- 6553155 TI - [Utilization of light energy (3): application of lasers]. PMID- 6553156 TI - [Test yourself. Keypoints in nursing. Nursing of the mother and infant during the perinatal period]. PMID- 6553157 TI - Cable television--an opportunity for nursing. PMID- 6553158 TI - Chapter 372: what is the impact on nurses? PMID- 6553159 TI - [Berylliosis]. PMID- 6553160 TI - [Occupational bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6553161 TI - [Chronic dust-induced bronchitis]. PMID- 6553162 TI - [Autonomic vascular dystonias]. PMID- 6553163 TI - [Peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6553164 TI - [Chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 6553165 TI - [Silicosis]. PMID- 6553166 TI - [Ischemic colitis]. PMID- 6553167 TI - [Radiation safety for the nurse in administering radiopharmaceutical preparations]. PMID- 6553168 TI - [Alcohol and drugs]. PMID- 6553169 TI - [Preparation of patients with gastrointestinal diseases for diagnostic studies]. PMID- 6553171 TI - [If the capillary of the electrocardiograph inkwell has become clogged]. PMID- 6553170 TI - [Psychotherapy in the combined treatment, prophylaxis and rehabilitation of patients]. PMID- 6553172 TI - [Tables for computing the number of days spent by patients in treatment]. PMID- 6553173 TI - [Pain in the nose]. PMID- 6553175 TI - [Deontology in the work of the nurse in a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6553174 TI - [Silicatosis]. PMID- 6553176 TI - [Pneumoconiosis from electric welding]. PMID- 6553178 TI - A standard of practice: CMB Code of Practice 1983. PMID- 6553177 TI - 1982 Sir William Power Memorial Lecture: the midwifery process in practice. PMID- 6553179 TI - Fetoscopy. PMID- 6553180 TI - About "about 50 words", etc. PMID- 6553182 TI - What aspects of the nursing process are applicable in theatre nursing and how can they be implemented? PMID- 6553181 TI - The C3/C5 convertase of the alternative pathway of complement: stabilization and restriction of control by lanthanide ions. AB - The alternative pathway C3 convertase (C3b,Bb) is a Mg-dependent, labile enzyme with a t/2 of 3 min at 37 degrees C and of 14 min at 24 degrees C (at half physiological ionic strength). To stabilize the enzyme, metal ions of the lanthanide series were tested. Formation and decay of the enzyme as well as binding of radiolabeled Factor B, Factor H or properdin to C3b were measured using C3b-bearing sheep erythrocytes (EC3b). Binding of Factor B to EC3b in presence of 40 microM gadolinium (Gd) was two to three times greater than in presence of 1 mM Mg. Binding of Factor H and of properdin to EC3b was partially inhibited by Gd. Although it enhanced Factor B uptake by EC3b, Gd was unable to substitute for Mg in enzyme formation by Factor D and completely inhibited (at 10 microM) Mg-dependent enzyme activation. However, the preformed enzyme was not inhibited by Gd. Instead, exposure of EC3b,Bb to 40-100 microM Gd increased the t/2 at 37 degrees C from 3 min to 12-28 min, and at 24 degrees C from 14 min to 32 min. The slow decay of the enzyme correlated with slow release of Bb. Similar enzyme stabilization was observed using terbium, ytterbium, dysprosium and lanthanum. The Gd stabilized enzyme was also less susceptible to control by Factor H and properdin than the unstabilized enzyme. Furthermore, Gd protected surface bound-C3b from being cleaved by Factor I. The Gd effects were instantaneously reversed upon addition of 10 mM EDTA. Thus, Gd is able to stabilize preformed C3b,Bb and to render the enzyme refractory to control by Factors H and I. PMID- 6553183 TI - JBCNS course 925. PMID- 6553184 TI - The operating lights saga--a cautionary tale! PMID- 6553185 TI - Planning successful academic interviews. PMID- 6553186 TI - Using the elementary classroom as a wellness laboratory. PMID- 6553187 TI - Empathy can be learned. PMID- 6553188 TI - Developing a rural nursing clinic. PMID- 6553189 TI - Recruiting students into nursing: prior questions. PMID- 6553190 TI - The teacher/practitioner shared appointment making it work. PMID- 6553191 TI - Managing the passive-aggressive student nurse. PMID- 6553192 TI - Measuring student learning. PMID- 6553193 TI - Penicillins. Nursing update. PMID- 6553194 TI - Medication errors: don't mix Dilantin with dextrose solutions. PMID- 6553195 TI - Dopamine: guidelines for safe administration. PMID- 6553197 TI - Gallstones: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6553196 TI - Taking the fear out of rabies treatment. PMID- 6553199 TI - If your patient has increased intracranial pressure, your goal should be: no surprises (continuing education). PMID- 6553198 TI - To satisfy Jesse, we needed a 36-hour day. PMID- 6553200 TI - A critical balance. PMID- 6553201 TI - Nursing implications of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6553202 TI - Convert your assessment into a lifesaving care plan for the patient with abdominal trauma. PMID- 6553203 TI - Looking good to communicate better with patients. PMID- 6553204 TI - Keeping pace with calcium channel blockers. PMID- 6553205 TI - Near drowning. PMID- 6553206 TI - With so little hope, Michael needed a second chance. PMID- 6553207 TI - Special care for special casts. Synthetic materials have changed casts and cast care. Update yourself with this article. PMID- 6553208 TI - Thrombophlebitis: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6553209 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing interventions, part 3. PMID- 6553210 TI - Sharing: the long way home. PMID- 6553211 TI - Practical management course. Module 1: pulling the plug on staff conflict (continuing education). PMID- 6553212 TI - Does anyone out there know I'm here? PMID- 6553213 TI - Organizing the search for excellence. PMID- 6553214 TI - The name of this game is conflict. PMID- 6553215 TI - When the patient census climbs too high. . . PMID- 6553216 TI - The starting point. Nursing diagnosis makes nurses' point of view count, and their practice accountable. PMID- 6553218 TI - Art and science: what they want from work. PMID- 6553217 TI - Law for the nurse manager: value of careful personnel records. PMID- 6553219 TI - Sex in the hospital. PMID- 6553220 TI - A transatlantic view of the effect on research of the one-to-one treatment paradigm. PMID- 6553221 TI - Working with dreams: a collaboration between therapist and patient. PMID- 6553222 TI - Point/Counterpoint: religion--cause or cure? PMID- 6553223 TI - Point/Counterpoint: religion--Cause or cure? PMID- 6553224 TI - A Death in the Family: An analysis of Family Dynamics. PMID- 6553226 TI - Nursing interventions: what did you do that helped? PMID- 6553225 TI - The comprehensive mental health system. Is it achievable? PMID- 6553227 TI - Accreditation and the future of quality nursing education. PMID- 6553228 TI - The NLN accreditation study: its relation to the CBHDP accreditation process. PMID- 6553229 TI - What are the standards upon which criteria are based? PMID- 6553230 TI - Revising accreditation criteria: dates and events. PMID- 6553231 TI - Accreditation and the future of quality nursing education. State of the Council: some perplexing paradoxes. PMID- 6553232 TI - A report of the nurse career-pattern study. Registered nurses fifteen years after graduation. PMID- 6553234 TI - Back to the basics--but the basics must include science. PMID- 6553233 TI - The role of queuine in the aminoacylation of mammalian aspartate transfer RNAs. AB - Can a queuine-specific tRNA function normally without replacement of G by Q in its structure? To answer this, kinetics of aspartate queuine-containing tRNA (Q tRNA) is compared with its queuine-deficient counterpart (G-tRNA). The results indicate that Asp Q-tRNA is a more effective substrate than the Asp G-tRNA. The Asp Q-tRNA exhibits a higher reaction velocity (Vmax greater than 30%) and a higher reaction rate (Km less than 55%) than its counterpart. The Asp tRNAs derived from human tumor lines and grown in athymic mice contain a full complement of queuine. This tumor tRNA exhibits aminoacylation kinetics similar to a normal liver tRNA. Reasons for observing the lack of a G-to-Q modification in cancer tRNAs by others are hypothesized. Two purified Asp isoacceptors from liver are compared for the aminoacylation reaction; small differences are noted in the Vmax, but none in the Km values. PMID- 6553235 TI - Ethics in nursing practice and education. PMID- 6553236 TI - Nurse practitioners: a decade of change--Part II. PMID- 6553237 TI - Letter from Aswan. PMID- 6553238 TI - Making things happen: community health nursing and the policy arena. PMID- 6553239 TI - Improving interviewing techniques. PMID- 6553240 TI - Becoming a nurse consultant. PMID- 6553241 TI - An instrument for theory and research development using the behavioral systems model for nursing: the cancer patient. Part I. AB - The initial steps in theory development and testing are analysis, theoretical development, operational definition, and measurement of concepts. For nursing models to be useful in research, practice, and education, their concepts should be treated as such. This paper presents the first three of such steps using the Behavioral Systems Model for Nursing. The steps of measurement and verification will be presented in subsequent papers in Nursing Research. PMID- 6553242 TI - Relationship of psychosocial and perinatal variables to perception of childbirth. AB - This study reported on a sample of 294 first-time mothers. Fifty-six women who delivered by cesarean birth perceived their childbirth experience more negatively than those who delivered vaginally. However, the type of delivery accounted for only 1% of the variance when entered with 24 other psychosocial and obstetrical variables for stepwise multiple regression analysis. Mate emotional support contributed 20% and early maternal-infant interaction contributed 9.8% of the variance, with total positive self-concept, fewer medical complications, informative support, instrumental support, and type of delivery accounting for the remainder of the total 39%. PMID- 6553243 TI - Parents' perceptions of their newborn following structured interactions. AB - A study of 57 married couples and their normal-term firstborn infants investigated (a) if parents' perceptions are related to behavior of infants and (b) if a structured interaction of parent with infant positively influences parents' perceptions of their infant. Mothers, fathers, or parents in three experimental groups participated in a structured interaction with their infants. Parents and infants in a control group received no structured interaction. The interaction consisted of the parents assessing their infant using the Mother's Assessment of the Behavior of Her Infant (MABI). Infants' behaviors were measured with the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) and parents' perceptions with the Neonatal Perception Inventories (NPI). There was no relation between infant behavior and parental perception. The factor structure of NBAS items was similar to that found by other investigators. The structured interaction differentially affected perception scores of mothers at Time 2 (F 3, 53 = 3.96, p = .013). Perceptions of mothers and fathers achieved some congruence over time (Time 1, r = .18, p = .189; Time 2, r = .45, p = .001; Time 3, r = .41, p = .002). Seven other variables contributed more to variance in mothers' than fathers' perceptions. PMID- 6553244 TI - Infant behavior and the transition to parenthood. AB - The effects of infant behavior on the transition to parenthood were examined. The primary interest was the relationship between the amount of obligatory infant behavior (behavior that required action on the part of the parents) and the parents' perceptions both of their transition to parenthood and of their infant in terms of an "average" baby. The concepts of normative change, parental perceptions of role competence, and parental self-esteem were examined as intervening variables. Data were collected in the last trimester of pregnancy and at one month after delivery. Findings indicated that the amount of obligatory infant behavior does have an effect on the ease of transition to parenthood and on both parents' perceptions of the infant. The relationships in the research model were found to be better supported for mothers than for fathers, but most of the predicted relationships were supported for both. Fathers experienced less normative change than mothers, and made an easier transition. Mothers, on the other hand, reported higher self-perceptions of role competence. PMID- 6553245 TI - Biofeedback training for reduced respiratory rate in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a preliminary study. AB - The overall objective of this preliminary investigation was to determine whether breathing patterns of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could be altered by training patients to voluntarily change their breathing, using techniques of biofeedback training. The specific aims were (1) to develop a method of monitoring respiratory rate and tidal volume with a device that was both accurate and usable without discomfort or inconvenience to the patient; (2) to use the method with patients having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to determine whether respiratory rate could be slowed by voluntary controls; and (3) to determine whether patients who could slow their breathing rate would increase their tidal volume and demonstrate other respiratory changes. PMID- 6553246 TI - A comparison of four treatments to prevent and control breast pain and engorgement in nonnursing mothers. AB - The study compared three nonpharmacologic measures--compression binder, standardized support bra, and fluid limitation--and one widely used pharmacologic preparation--bromocriptine mesylate--in preventing and controlling postpartum breast engorgement. Women receiving bromocriptine mesylate experienced less breast engorgement, pain, and leaking of colostrum and milk than did women in any of the nonpharmacologic treatment groups (P less than or equal to .05). Women using a compression binder experienced less leaking than women using the bra or fluid limitation. There was no significant difference in the incidence of reported pain between the three nonpharmacologic groups. However, pain subsided more rapidly in women using the binder. Irrespective of treatment, the highest incidence of breast pain occurred between the third and fifth days postpartum, currently the immediate postdischarge period for newly delivered women. PMID- 6553247 TI - Communication patterns of health teaching and information recall. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate verbal communication patterns between the health-care provider and the client in well-baby clinics, and then to investigate how these patterns relate to client recall of health information. The theoretical rationale derives from Flanders's (1960) idea of classroom interaction as a social structure in a social process. Communication patterns between health-care provider and client were analyzed by the Flanders Interaction Analysis System (FIAS, 1965). Four hypotheses were proposed: I. The higher the ratio of health-care provider indirect influence to health-care provider direct influence, the higher the client recall. II. The higher the frequency of health care provider questions, the higher the client recall. III. The higher the frequency of client questions, the higher the client recall. IV. The higher the ratio of client talk to health-care provider talk, the higher the client recall. Hypotheses I, II, III, and IV were not supported. There was, however, a statistically significant inverse relationship between health-care provider questions and client recall. PMID- 6553248 TI - Quantifying nursing needs in home health care. AB - A study was conducted to determine what factors were most predictive of the quantity of nursing service and total agency service required by cardiac and cancer patients in home-care agencies. A retrospective record review on 397 patients in 9 randomly selected Connecticut home-care agencies collected demographic data on referral and payment source, support system, discharge status, primary care provider, and health status, as well as total number of professional and nonprofessional visits and length of stay. The Health Status Score, which measured deficits in daily activities and nursing problems, proved to be the best predictor. The ability of the Health Status Score to predict the need for total agency visits was particularly strong for cancer patients. The agency variable was a significant predictor of resource utilization, especially for cardiac patients. A significant limitation of the study was the inconsistency among the agencies regarding closure of records. Future research into resource use in home care depends on consistent and complete recording practices across agencies. PMID- 6553249 TI - Sleep behaviors of older persons. AB - A pilot study with 22 subjects was done to test instruments and refine methodology for a study of the nature of sleep behaviors among older persons of various ages. Then, mailed questionnaires were completed and sleep charts kept for two weeks by 212 healthy, noninstitutionalized subjects, aged 65 to 93. These subjects were randomly selected from a pool of potential research subjects compiled from voter registration lists. The self-reported sleep behaviors showed extreme variability, even among subjects of the same age groups. Using chi-square and a confidence level of .05, data were analyzed for age differences. Findings showed a significant increase in time in bed, total sleep time when naps were included, number and amount of naps, and number and amount of wake time after sleep onset after age 75. After age 85 there was a significant increase in sleep latency, an increase in total sleep time even when naps were excluded, and a change to an earlier bedtime. It was concluded that changes in sleep behavior are to be expected as age advances. PMID- 6553251 TI - Single subject research. PMID- 6553250 TI - Relationship between incidence of phlebitis and frequency of changing IV tubing and percutaneous site. AB - Using stratified random sampling, 130 patients from three hospital units were assigned to three treatment groups to test the relationship between the frequency of changing intravenous (IV) tubing and percutaneous sites and the incidence of phlebitis. Measures of pain, skin temperature, and erythema were collected every 12 hours. Chi-square analysis indicated there were no significant differences in rates of phlebitis whether the tubings were changed every 24 hours or 48 hours. Further, there were no significant differences in the incidence of phlebitis between 48- and 72-hour site change groups. Clinically, subjects in the 24-hour tubing change groups had lower rates of phlebitis. Analysis of the relationship of other factors such as environment, IV medication (heparin, potassium chloride, antibiotics, and corticosteroids), diagnosis, and age showed no statistically significant relationships. It was concluded that more frequent tubing changes are not harmful to subjects and, in fact, may be beneficial. PMID- 6553252 TI - Wound care. No. 18. Management of compound fractures. PMID- 6553253 TI - We are part of the team. PMID- 6553254 TI - Aspects of IV therapy. 3. Calculating the rate of dopamine. PMID- 6553255 TI - Pain control. 3. Complications. PMID- 6553256 TI - Staffing a geriatric unit: a progress report. PMID- 6553257 TI - Caring for patients with leukaemia. PMID- 6553258 TI - Silicone foam dressings. PMID- 6553259 TI - Caring and sharing: ward-based activities. PMID- 6553260 TI - A clean bill of health? PMID- 6553261 TI - Facing up to aggression. PMID- 6553262 TI - What's in a name? PMID- 6553263 TI - Students' views of nursing. PMID- 6553265 TI - Mental health legislation: the social work interpretation. PMID- 6553264 TI - Pain control. 4. The nurse's role. PMID- 6553266 TI - Mental health nursing: social skills training. PMID- 6553267 TI - Carcinoma of the kidney. PMID- 6553268 TI - You may feel wonderfully free. PMID- 6553269 TI - Accidents to patients. PMID- 6553270 TI - What would you do? PMID- 6553271 TI - A chance for change. PMID- 6553272 TI - A volunteer in Ghana. PMID- 6553273 TI - Nurse Smith's notes. Understanding drug treatment. 10. PMID- 6553274 TI - 'My ward is a council house'. PMID- 6553275 TI - Nursing care study. Schizo-affective disorder. PMID- 6553276 TI - Different models of care for the elderly. PMID- 6553277 TI - The image and the reality. The demands of district nursing. PMID- 6553278 TI - The image and the reality. Machismo and the male nurse. PMID- 6553279 TI - Aiding rehabilitation. PMID- 6553280 TI - Nursing care study. Fungating carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6553282 TI - Patient hand hygiene--a clinical inquiry. PMID- 6553281 TI - Students views of nursing. 3. Nursing in the dark. PMID- 6553283 TI - Ban the bomb. PMID- 6553284 TI - Students' views of nursing--4. Doing nursing and being professional. PMID- 6553286 TI - Brighton--a centre of excellence? Testing the water. PMID- 6553285 TI - Brighton--a centre of excellence? PMID- 6553287 TI - Brighton--a centre of excellence? What's in a curriculum? PMID- 6553288 TI - Brighton--a centre of excellence? The ward sister. PMID- 6553289 TI - Nursing care study. Mary, Mary, quite contrary. PMID- 6553290 TI - Update on gastrointestinal endoscopy. 1. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6553292 TI - Reflections: bridge building. PMID- 6553291 TI - The young visitors. PMID- 6553293 TI - The art of missing the obvious. PMID- 6553294 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 5. The new district nursing curriculum. PMID- 6553295 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 5. Impressions and adjustments. PMID- 6553297 TI - A power of good. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6553296 TI - Happiness is? PMID- 6553298 TI - Education: a learner-centred approach. PMID- 6553299 TI - Nurses in society. Is there life after childbirth? PMID- 6553300 TI - Nursing process. 2. Is there a danger of 'processing' patients? PMID- 6553301 TI - False start. PMID- 6553302 TI - Nursing care study: leading light in Scotland. PMID- 6553304 TI - The blood transfusion nurse. PMID- 6553303 TI - Nursing care study: washing the pain away. PMID- 6553305 TI - A self-report tool for assessing nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6553306 TI - Catheter teaching model. PMID- 6553307 TI - Carotid artery rupture in advanced head and neck cancer patients. PMID- 6553308 TI - The effects of using Chemocap on occurrence of chemotherapy-induced alopecia. PMID- 6553309 TI - A survey of oncology clinical nursing specialists. PMID- 6553310 TI - Stages of burnout among oncology nurses in the hospital setting. PMID- 6553311 TI - Developing materials to meet the educational needs of adolescents with cancer. PMID- 6553312 TI - Sample heterogeneity versus sample homogeneity in cancer nursing research. PMID- 6553314 TI - A teaching aid for the radical hysterectomy patient. PMID- 6553313 TI - An interview with ONS presidential aspirants: Laura Hilderley, Judi Johnson, and Mary Maxwell [by Linda Arenth and Susan Baird]. PMID- 6553316 TI - Research questions and answers. The use of theory and conceptual frameworks in nursing research and practice. PMID- 6553315 TI - Research questions and answers. Utilization of research in nursing practice. PMID- 6553317 TI - Guidelines for nursing care of patients with altered ventilation. PMID- 6553318 TI - Weight gain in women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6553319 TI - Meningeal carcinomatosis: diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care. PMID- 6553320 TI - Venous thrombosis: another complication of cancer. PMID- 6553321 TI - Detecting ovarian cancer: a challenge for nursing assessment. PMID- 6553322 TI - Accessibility and utilization of educational materials for cancer patients. PMID- 6553323 TI - The psychosexual effects of cancer and cancer treatment. PMID- 6553324 TI - Cancer nursing: an international perspective. PMID- 6553325 TI - Primers assist patients in managing chemotherapy side effects. PMID- 6553326 TI - The search for an executive director. PMID- 6553327 TI - The role of the nurse in intravenous dissociative anesthesia: Valium (diazepam) is the key to ketamine. PMID- 6553328 TI - Dealing with the dissatisfied patient. PMID- 6553329 TI - ICU's--worth the cost? PMID- 6553331 TI - Alcoholism: an overview. PMID- 6553330 TI - Plastic surgical nursing: definition and scope of practice. PMID- 6553332 TI - Headache. PMID- 6553333 TI - Legally speaking: charting nasty truths with an absence of malice. PMID- 6553334 TI - Are you penalizing your most competent people? PMID- 6553335 TI - Mock code: a game that saves lives. PMID- 6553337 TI - Escape beats: what not to do about them. PMID- 6553336 TI - Assault on the aged: is your patient a secret victim? PMID- 6553338 TI - What to watch for with thiazides. PMID- 6553339 TI - Diabetes today: facing up to the long-term complications. (continuing education) PMID- 6553341 TI - Let's take care of patients--not medications. PMID- 6553340 TI - Diabetes mellitus: the undiscussed side effect: sexual dysfunction. PMID- 6553342 TI - Anatomy self-test: the kidneys. PMID- 6553343 TI - Ensure proper disposal of clinical waste. PMID- 6553344 TI - Caring for the elderly through the 1980s. PMID- 6553345 TI - Private sector urged to make bigger contribution to training. Pressure for partnership. PMID- 6553346 TI - Nurses in research act on behalf of their patients. PMID- 6553347 TI - Report of one day PINC conference to explore nursing myths and realities. 'As other see us'. PMID- 6553348 TI - Revolutionary nursing research paves the way for a....complete re-think on ward based training. PMID- 6553350 TI - Concern for the elderly. PMID- 6553349 TI - Ageing with dignity. PMID- 6553351 TI - Highlights on study day on diabetes. PMID- 6553352 TI - Aspects of nursing. A sound research base. PMID- 6553353 TI - Aspects of nursing: incontinence takes a toll on nursing time. PMID- 6553354 TI - In the continuing education corner: why continuing education? PMID- 6553355 TI - The road ahead. Presidential address. PMID- 6553356 TI - Total synthesis of yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - By a combination of chemical and enzymatic methods, small oligonucleotides with lengths varying from 2 to 8 nucleotides were synthesized from mononucleotides. The small oligonucleotides were then ligated with T4 RNA ligase into six large oligonucleotides (9 to 19 nucleotides long) which were further ligated to form two half molecules with 35 and 41 nucleotides respectively. Finally, the two synthetic half molecules were annealed and ligated to obtain the whole molecule of yeast alanine tRNA (tRNAAlay). Prior to this, two semi-syntheses were performed, i.e. ligation of the synthetic 5'-half molecule with the natural 3' half molecule and that of the natural 5'-half molecule with the synthetic 3'-half molecule. Both the semi-synthetic tRNAAlay and the synthetic tRNAAlay occupy the same position as the natural tRNAAlay after electrophoresis on a 20% polyacrylamide gel. They have the same chemical composition (containing 9 modified nucleotides of 7 different species) and structure as the natural tRNAAlay and are biologically active, i.e. accepting and transferring alanine into proteins in a cell-free protein synthesizing system, the accepting activity of the synthetic product is 52-66% of that of the natural tRNAAlay and 91-106% of that of the reconstituted product of the two natural half molecules. The incorporation activity of alanine into proteins of the synthetic 3H-alanine tRNAAlay is 63%, corresponding to 91% of that of the natural tRNAAlay and 115% of that of the reconstituted product of the two natural half molecules. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a natural RNA with biological activity is synthesized. PMID- 6553357 TI - Synthesis of the 3'-half molecule of yeast alanine tRNA. AB - This paper deals with the synthesis of the 3'-half molecule of yeast alanine transfer RNA (tRNAAlay) by ligation with T4 RNA ligase of three component oligonucleotide fragments corresponding to nucleotides 36-45(I), 46-57(II) and 58 76(III) in succession extending from the 3'-end to the 5'-end. First, in a ratio of acceptor to donor at 1.5 to 1, we adopted a method of three successive reactions, namely, the 5'-phosphorylation of the nonadecamer (III), ligation with the dodecamer (II) and the 5'-phosphorylation of the ligation product formed; with one isolation step and obtained the 5'-phosphorylated 31mer(46-76) (IV) in an overall yield of 70%. Then the 31mer(IV) as a donor was ligated with 3 times of decamer (I) to form the 41mer(36-76) (V), the 3'-half molecule of tRNAAlay. The yield was 67%. After 5'-phosphorylation, (V) was ligated with the natural 5' half molecule to form the semi-synthetic tRNAAlay, which was biologically active, i.e. accepting and transferring (3H)-alanine into proteins. PMID- 6553358 TI - Synthesis of the 5'-half molecule of yeast alanine tRNA. AB - In this paper, we report the synthesis of the 5'-half molecule of yeast alanine tRNA (tRNAAlay) by ligating three oligonucleotide fragments corresponding to the nucleotide sequences 1-13, 14-22 and 23-35 respectively under the catalysis of T4 RNA ligase (Fig. 1). Because of the high purity of the oligonucleotide fragments and the excellent quality of T4RNA ligase and polynucleotide kinase we prepared, the isolation steps were simplified and the overall yields were much higher. The ligating yield of the docosamer (IV) was 75%, that of the pentatriacontamer (V), 90%, and the isolated yield of the final product was 21% calculated on the basis of the tridecamer (III) used in the first reaction. Under the action of T4 RNA ligase the synthetic 5'-half molecule was joined with the natural 3'-half molecule forming a semi-synthetic tRNAAlay, which possessed the biological activities of both accepting (3H)-alanine and incorporating it into proteins. The correctness of the structure of the synthetic 5'-half molecule was verified by both chemical analysis and biological activity assay. PMID- 6553360 TI - [Fecundation and its abnormalities]. PMID- 6553359 TI - Assay of biological activity of synthetic yeast alanine transfer RNA (tRNAAlay). AB - The biological activity of the synthetic tRNAAlay was studied with an extremely sensitive method. tRNAAlay accepted alanine in the presence of rat liver aminoacyl-tRNAAlay-synthetase (this was called the accepting activity). The aminoacylated tRNAAlay was conveniently precipitated by ethanol with good recovery. The efficiency of transferring alanine from the aminoacylated tRNAAlay into the protein was determined in in vitro rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free protein-synthesizing system (this was called the incorporation activity). Both accepting and incorporation activities could be determined in one assay with only 5-7 pmoles of tRNAAlay either in ligation mixture or in purified form. Our results show that the accepting activities of the synthetic products were 51.6 65.6% and 91.3-106.0% of that of natural and reconstituted natural tRNAAlay respectively. The efficiency of the incorporation of alanine in the aminoacylated tRNAAlay into the protein was 61.6-63.1%, corresponding to 90.6-91.7% and 97.2 115.8% of that of the natural and the reconstituted natural tRNAAlay respectively. PMID- 6553361 TI - [Detection, indications of karyotype and amniocentesis]. PMID- 6553362 TI - [Amniocentesis and the role of the nurse]. PMID- 6553363 TI - [Better knowledge of genetic counseling]. PMID- 6553364 TI - [Management of the birth of a malformed child]. PMID- 6553365 TI - [Birth of a malformed child. Psychological problems for the family]. PMID- 6553366 TI - [Specificity of nursing care to patients with cancer]. PMID- 6553367 TI - [Genic diseases and chromosome diseases]. PMID- 6553368 TI - ["The hospital at home" and the elderly]. PMID- 6553369 TI - [Exercise of the profession in the private sector]. PMID- 6553370 TI - [Why genetic counseling?]. PMID- 6553371 TI - [Anxiety of migrants]. PMID- 6553372 TI - [Anxiety and society: multiple facets of anxiety]. PMID- 6553373 TI - [Anxiety and aging]. PMID- 6553374 TI - [Anxiety of creation and confronting the public]. PMID- 6553375 TI - [Anxiety and profession]. PMID- 6553376 TI - [A few problems posed by the mental health of migrants]. PMID- 6553377 TI - [Research on difficult nurse-patient relations in the hospital. Proposal for a change]. PMID- 6553378 TI - [Anxiety and unemployment]. PMID- 6553379 TI - [Ambulatory Holter technic]. PMID- 6553380 TI - [Medical treatment of bradycardia]. PMID- 6553381 TI - [Slow rhythm disorders. Anatomophysiological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6553382 TI - [Slow rhythm disorders. Temporary stimulation]. PMID- 6553383 TI - [Cardiac pacemakers. Historical and technical aspects]. PMID- 6553384 TI - [Monitoring of patients with cardiac stimulators]. PMID- 6553385 TI - [Life of the patient with a heart stimulator]. PMID- 6553386 TI - [The auricular-ventricular block of Mrs. S]. PMID- 6553387 TI - [How cynical are we?]. PMID- 6553388 TI - [Work environment. How is the work environment affected by disinfective agents?]. PMID- 6553389 TI - [Children's health. Nurses have a decisive responsibility for children's health]. PMID- 6553390 TI - [Occupational health services. Basic education which ought to be repetitive and compulsory]. PMID- 6553391 TI - [Education remains framework for cost control]. PMID- 6553392 TI - [Deductible days are a formidable step backward]. PMID- 6553393 TI - [Nursing research. On the way with current results in the care of diabetics]. PMID- 6553395 TI - [The cup is thrown out but with it also the 5 ore]. PMID- 6553394 TI - [Care for the aged. Attention directed at causes of falls in the elderly]. PMID- 6553396 TI - [Executive Board. Employment will be the last cost control objective]. PMID- 6553397 TI - [Eduction. Evaluation must be defined with language development]. PMID- 6553398 TI - [A handicap which is concealed by silence]. PMID- 6553399 TI - [Unwarranted criticism of nursing personnel after patient's homicide. Interview by Kirsten Sorrig]. PMID- 6553400 TI - [Negotiations 83. 3 out of 4 voted yes to the achieved negotiations settlement]. PMID- 6553401 TI - [Not a stupid way toward greater recognition and self knowledge]. PMID- 6553402 TI - [Breast feeding. Preservation of human milk]. PMID- 6553404 TI - [Investment in nursing's future]. PMID- 6553403 TI - [Pension assessment. The most dramatic and epoch-making year for pension assessment]. PMID- 6553405 TI - [Nursing care. There should be room for empathy in intensive care units]. PMID- 6553406 TI - [Reductions. 200 nurses and nursing assistants remain unemployed]. PMID- 6553407 TI - Adventure in Ecuador. PMID- 6553408 TI - Nursing management: OR block scheduling. PMID- 6553409 TI - Ambulatory hand surgery. PMID- 6553410 TI - Satellite OR: one hospital's answer. PMID- 6553411 TI - OR orientation. PMID- 6553412 TI - Legal notes. Sponge counts. PMID- 6553413 TI - The twentieth sonata. PMID- 6553414 TI - Same day surgery. A psychological approach. PMID- 6553415 TI - The skin: what is it? PMID- 6553416 TI - The skin and wound healing. PMID- 6553417 TI - The aging integument: a sensitive and complex system. PMID- 6553418 TI - Nutrition in prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6553419 TI - Improving skin care through patient and family training. PMID- 6553420 TI - Skin assessment. PMID- 6553421 TI - Infected decubiti: the problem of patient placement and care. PMID- 6553422 TI - Potential and actual impairments in skin integrity related to cancer and cancer treatment. PMID- 6553423 TI - Therapeutic touch: a healing modality throughout life. PMID- 6553424 TI - [Reactions initiating blood coagulation]. PMID- 6553425 TI - [Contact activation of prekallikrein and plasminogen in plasma]. AB - Activation of the Hageman factor-prekallikrein system in the whole human blood plasma is studied as affected by organic silica (aerosils) with anionic and cationic properties. Positive- and negative-charged aerosils are shown to possess the same ability to activate prekallikrein. Activity of prekallikrein was manifested in hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate--Benz-Pro-Phen-Arg paranitroanilide . HCl, kininogen and protamine sulphate formed by kallikrein. The data permit supposing that optimal activation of the Hageman factor requires the polar (but not ionic) groups with hydrophilic properties on activating surfaces. Plasminogen under contact activation, in contrast to prekallikrein is activated only in the diluted plasma (pH 4.8), and not completely. Possible mechanisms of the contact activation and interaction of the Hageman factor, prekallikrein and high-molecular kininogen in this process are discussed. PMID- 6553426 TI - Relationships between depression and alcoholism in women: a preliminary study. PMID- 6553427 TI - Public health nursing and women's health. PMID- 6553428 TI - ANA federation: a time of change. PMID- 6553429 TI - An exploratory study of faculty practice: views of those faculty engaged in practice who teach in an NLN-accredited baccalaureate program. PMID- 6553430 TI - Parental support and school-aged children. PMID- 6553431 TI - The relationship among health beliefs, health values, and health promotion activity. PMID- 6553432 TI - Perceptions of nurse educators regarding ADN and BSN general education. PMID- 6553433 TI - Ethical issues in nursing research. PMID- 6553434 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research: complacency? Not yet. PMID- 6553435 TI - Problems in doing nursing research: equal opportunity ideology--the necessity for distinct critique criteria. PMID- 6553436 TI - Using research in practice: the practice of family assessment by nurses who work with children: implications for nursing. PMID- 6553437 TI - Third party reimbursement becomes a reality in West Virginia. Governor signs SB476 March 26. PMID- 6553438 TI - Porter's parenting program. District 5 WVNA member designs. Parenting enhancement program for high-risk adolescents. PMID- 6553439 TI - A peek at nursing in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6553440 TI - The role of the community in the provision of health for all in the year 2,000. PMID- 6553441 TI - Drug centre numbers show rise of 246 per cent. PMID- 6553442 TI - Mechanisms of inhibition by mevinolin (MK 803) of microsome-bound radish and of partially purified yeast HMG-CoA reductase (EC.1.1.1.34). AB - 1) In kinetic studies, mevinolin proved to be a highly specific inhibitor of partially purified yeast HMG-CoA reductase (Ki = 3.5 nM towards HMG-CoA) and of microsomal HMG-CoA reductase from etiolated radish seedlings (Ki = 2.2 nM). At low concentrations of NADPH, the inhibitor counteracts the sigmoidal response of plant HMG-CoA reductase activity towards the cosubstrate. At higher concentrations of NADPH, the inhibition pattern is of non-competitive type. 2) Our results are extensively compared with that obtained by the use of animal tissue and yeast as an enzyme source in order to discuss model systems probably valid to evaluate properties and regulation of plant as well as yeast HMG-CoA reductase. PMID- 6553444 TI - Adult development: a fertile field for nursing research. PMID- 6553443 TI - Writer's block: coauthorship. PMID- 6553445 TI - Clinical research: impact on attitudes in a gerontologic setting. PMID- 6553446 TI - Attributes of gerontologic nursing managers. PMID- 6553447 TI - Graying America: demographic trends, health needs, and provider education. PMID- 6553448 TI - [Plasma levels of kallikrein and kallikreinogen and evaluation of different methods of treating psoriasis]. PMID- 6553449 TI - Synthesis of diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate and related compounds by plant (Lupinus luteus) seryl-tRNA and phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 6553450 TI - [Endocarditis due to Lactobacillus plantarum. Description of a case and review of the literature]. PMID- 6553452 TI - Building rapport through neuro-linguistic programming. PMID- 6553453 TI - What is NLP? PMID- 6553451 TI - Penicillin sensitive nutritionally variant streptococcal endocarditis: relapse after penicillin therapy. AB - Studies to date have indicated that nutritionally-variant streptococci (NVS) causing bacterial endocarditis are frequently inhibited but not killed by low concentrations of penicillin. We report a patient with endocarditis due to a NVS strain which was killed in vitro by penicillin at a concentration of 0.09 microgram/ml. Despite therapy with intravenous penicillin for four weeks, the infection relapsed and was then cured by combined penicillin-gentamicin in therapy. In vitro studies demonstrated a synergistic effect of these two antibiotics. This experience suggests that combination therapy with penicillin and an aminoglycoside may be required for cure of all cases of nutritionally variant streptococcal endocarditis regardless of in vitro susceptibility to penicillin. PMID- 6553454 TI - Sun versus skin. PMID- 6553456 TI - Pumps and controllers. Setting up and troubleshooting. PMID- 6553455 TI - Pumps and controllers--a nurse's assessment guide. PMID- 6553457 TI - The inflatable penile prosthesis: new developments. PMID- 6553458 TI - A gift from Gurkha. PMID- 6553459 TI - Bowel management in dialysis patients. PMID- 6553460 TI - Childbirthing centers: delivering more for less. PMID- 6553461 TI - The Gravlee-method: an alternative to the Pap smear? PMID- 6553462 TI - Dilemmas in practice. When is paternalism justifiable? PMID- 6553463 TI - Burnout--or cop-out? PMID- 6553465 TI - Women's pensions cannot be less, says Supreme Court. PMID- 6553466 TI - Commission recommends 18 actions for progress. PMID- 6553464 TI - Antibiotic activity against intraleukocytic Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental mastitis in mice. AB - The activities of a range of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus organisms that survive within bovine neutrophils in vitro were studied in mice. Cloxacillin, floxacillin, and cephradine failed to kill intracellular staphylococci but increased the organisms' sensitivity to killing by lysostaphin after neutrophil disruption. Fusidate and clindamycin caused an apparent small reduction in viable intraleukocytic S aureus, whereas novobiocin did not demonstrate intracellular activity. Substantial intracellular bactericidal effects were shown in vitro by rifampin and rifamycin SV, even at concentrations in slight excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration. In a mouse model of chronic mastitis, intramammary therapy with rifampin was more effective in reducing viable S aureus in infected glands than was therapy with rifamycin SV. PMID- 6553467 TI - Groups affirm nursing's stance; let's move ahead. PMID- 6553468 TI - As I see it. Research with patients requires commitment, savvy. PMID- 6553469 TI - Board adopts education proposals, considers relocation. PMID- 6553470 TI - AORN collaborates on education program for military nurses. PMID- 6553471 TI - How to manage your boss. PMID- 6553472 TI - Nurses' compliance with aseptic technique. PMID- 6553473 TI - Administering blood safely. PMID- 6553474 TI - Intraoperative autotransfusion. AB - Because nursing assessments may determine when autotransfusion is advised or contraindicated, it is the nurse's responsibility to understand the procedures and problems associated with autotransfusion. The OR nurse cannot only serve as trouble-shooter and educator, but also suggest protocols for adoption and selection of autotransfusion equipment and protocols for patient use. PMID- 6553476 TI - A practical format for care planning. PMID- 6553475 TI - Are women their own worst enemies? PMID- 6553478 TI - Guidelines for developing clinical ladders. Nursing Practices Committee. PMID- 6553477 TI - Coping mechanisms and recovery from surgery. PMID- 6553479 TI - Industrial sterilization of medical devices. PMID- 6553480 TI - Surgical implants. PMID- 6553481 TI - Surgical implants. Psychological responses. AB - Coping with stress is a process. The perceived degree of stress and methods of coping may, therefore, change as one progresses through an experience. This may increase the difficulty a nurse has in attempting to understand the patients' responses. We need to learn more about these psychological processes as they relate to implants so that more effective nursing approaches may be developed. Perioperative nurses must understand the mechanisms underlying psychologic responses to surgery as we do those underlying physiologic and pathologic responses. The framework presented can be used as a guide to assess and understand patients' psychologic responses to surgical implants. It may also stimulate questions and investigation of patients' responses to surgical implantation. PMID- 6553483 TI - Patching study draws one more volley in ongoing exchange. PMID- 6553482 TI - Surgical implants. Consumer aspects. PMID- 6553484 TI - Living will raises difficult questions. PMID- 6553485 TI - Detection of kallikrein-like activity in inflamed synovial tissue. AB - The synovial tissue kallikrein of rheumatoid patients, arthritic dogs and normal dogs has been partially characterized and estimated. Both human and dog synovial tissue kinin-forming enzyme appears to be distinct from plasmin, plasma kallikrein and pancreatic kallikrein. In three rheumatoid arthritic patients, the mean synovial tissue kallikrein level was found to be 106 +/- 13.5 ng bradykinin equivalents (BK Equiv) per g per min. In nine arthritic dogs the mean synovial tissue kallikrein level, 60.5 +/- 4.5 ng BK Equiv per g per min, was found to be greater (p less than 0.05) than that of five normal dogs (21.6 +/- 5.3 ng BK Equiv per g per min). The possible significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 6553487 TI - In person. PMID- 6553486 TI - Nurses at work: the whole truth about remote area nursing. PMID- 6553488 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse: vegetarian eating. PMID- 6553489 TI - The nurse and the law: the problem of misunderstanding. PMID- 6553490 TI - Nifedipine. PMID- 6553491 TI - Oxygen therapy--a long term view. PMID- 6553492 TI - Satisfaction and dissatisfaction at the workplace. PMID- 6553493 TI - The diabetic unit at St. Andrew's Hospital. PMID- 6553494 TI - Manpower utilization in community nursing--a key to better health care. PMID- 6553495 TI - New graduates: the preceptorship plan. PMID- 6553497 TI - More of everything brings results in leprosy treatment. PMID- 6553496 TI - The nurse and the professional organization. PMID- 6553498 TI - The 'anatomy' of infection. PMID- 6553500 TI - Inhibition of the release of prostaglandins, leukotrienes and lysosomal acid hydrolases from macrophages by selective inhibitors of lecithin biosynthesis. AB - The release of the inflammatory mediators, prostaglandins (PGs), leukotrienes (LT) and lysosomal acid hydrolases (LAH), by macrophages is stimulated by endocytic stimuli such as zymosan. This process can be interfered with by specific inhibitors of phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. The diphenylsulfone dapsone and three analogs selectively inhibited [14C]choline incorporation into PC but had varied effects on inhibition of mediator release by macrophages. Dapsone inhibited the release of PGs, LT and LAH, whereas the three closely related structural analogs inhibited LAH release only, with little or no effect on PG production. PMID- 6553499 TI - The role of glandular kallikrein in the formation of a salivary proline-rich protein A by cleavage of a single bond in salivary protein C. AB - An enzyme was purified from human parotid saliva that can cleave a single arginine-glycine peptide bond between residues 106 and 107 in human salivary proline-rich protein C, hereby giving rise to another proline-rich protein A, which is also found in saliva. The enzyme was purified 2400-fold. It cleaved salivary protein C at the rate of 59 micrograms of protein/h per microgram of enzyme and had amino acid composition, molecular weight and inhibition characteristics similar to those reported for human salivary kallikrein. Confirmation that the enzyme was kallikrein was demonstrated by its kinin generating ability. Histochemical evidence indicates that a post-synthetic cleavage of protein C by kallikrein would have to take place during passage of saliva through the secretory ducts. In secreted saliva, cleavage of salivary protein C can only be observed after 72 h incubation. In addition, there is no effect of salivary flow rate on the relative amounts of proteins A and C in saliva. On the basis of the experimental observations, it is proposed that in vivo it is unlikely that kallikrein secreted from ductal cells plays a significant role in converting protein C into protein A. PMID- 6553501 TI - Characterization of the procoagulant chain derived from human high molecular weight kininogen (Fitzgerald factor) by human tissue kallikrein. AB - Human high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK), a single-chain protein with mol wt 120,000, is cleaved by human urinary kallikrein (HUK) to release kinin from within a disulfide loop and form a two-chain protein that retains all the procoagulant activity of the native molecule. Cleavage of HMWK by HUK is associated with a reduction in size to mol wt 115,000, as assessed by SDS-PAGE of unreduced protein, whereas the two chains of the reduced protein present together as a single broad band with mol wt 64,000. The 64,000 chain with procoagulant activity was chromatographically separated from the nonfunctional chain of similar size. The homogeneous procoagulant chain had an amino acid composition similar to that of smaller procoagulant ("light") chains isolated by others upon cleavage of HMWK with plasma kallikrein and elicited an antiserum that was monospecific by Ouchterlony analysis and inhibited the procoagulant function of HMWK. Thus, the limited proteolysis of HMWK by HUK has permitted, for the first time, the isolation of a stable procoagulant chain that is equal in size to the nonfunctional chain. The common terminology of "heavy" and "light" chain for kinin-free kininogen obtained with plasma kallikrein reflects the continued degradation of the procoagulant carboxyterminal chain and is not appropriate for the initial two-chain product formed when kinin is released from HMWK. It is proposed that the initial cleavage products of HMWK be designated the A-chain, the B-fragment, and the C-chain, representing the amino-terminal chain, the released vasoactive peptide containing the bradykinin sequence, and the carboxy terminal procoagulant chain, respectively. Thus, intact HMWK would contain, in sequence, A, B, and C regions. PMID- 6553502 TI - Syngeneic humoral immune responses to tumor-associated antigens expressed by K 1735 UV-induced melanoma and its metastases. AB - An enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was developed to study syngeneic humoral immune response to a primary tumor and its metastases in the K-1735 ultraviolet light (UV)-induced C3H murine melanoma system. Binding of sera from syngeneic animals previously immunized with primary tumor or metastatic tumor tissue (M-3, M-4) to corresponding 3 M KCl extracts of tumor was significantly greater than binding of control C3H mouse serum. Antibody binding was not significantly reduced by competitive binding with syngeneic murine muscle or liver extracts, indicating the presence of tumor antigen(s) not shared by normal murine tissue. Antibodies to the tumor-associated antigens were selectively removed by competitive binding with syngeneic K-1735 tumor extracts but not by the unrelated 102 murine sarcoma from C57BL/6. However, EL-4 extracts (C57BL/6) did inhibit antibody binding to the primary and both metastases. Further competitive binding studies demonstrated the presence of a common antigen(s) present on the primary tumor and both metastases. We conclude that the K-1735 UV-induced melanoma primary tumor and its metastases express serologically detectable shared antigenic determinate. PMID- 6553503 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes and its in vitro boosting with BCG. AB - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) against K-562 human erythroleukemic cells was monitored in an overnight chromium release assay using normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) as effective cells. Two hundred and ten normal individuals were tested from 3 to 24 times over a period of 3 years. The level of NCMC was shown to vary from 4% to 46% lysis at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 5/1; males had higher levels of activity than females (P less than 0.001). A group of individuals with low natural killer (NK) cell activity (below the 90% tolerance limit) was identified in replicate experiments and 60% of them were young women (ages 20--39). In vitro boosting of NK activity with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was also studied; overall, 56% of normal individuals responded positively to BCG. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between the unstimulated level of NCMC and the in vitro boosting with BCG, as 63% of individuals with a normal level of NK activity could be boosted as against only 19% of persons with low NK activity. We have also established the in vivo relevance of this in vitro test by determining the degree of correlation between responses to in vitro boosting with BCG and a positive or negative reaction in a hypersensitivity skin test using 5 IU of PPD (purified protein derivative of BCG). Our results indicate that NCMC is an individual trait that varies little under physiological conditions, and that the response to BCG is a characteristic property of the effector lymphocyte, depending primarily on the unstimulated level of NCMC. PMID- 6553504 TI - Immunochemotherapy of breast cancer with Propionibacterium granulosum. AB - Eighty-two patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and 5-fluorouracil (FAC). These patients were divided by randomization into two groups. One was receiving cytostatic drugs only, while another received the identical cytostatic medication plus additional therapy consisting of IV infusions of gamma-radiation-sterilized cells of Propionibacterium granulosum strain KP-45. Metastases were localized in six different sites and/or organs. Multiple parameters for monitoring changes in metastatic lesions and laboratory tests were performed serially in all patients. The addition of P. granulosum to standard (FAC) chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer influenced metastases in the liver. It also resulted in increased survival time within the observation period. Possible mechanisms of immunomodulating activity of P. granulosum in this disease are discussed. PMID- 6553505 TI - Native and inducible levels of natural cytotoxicity in lymph nodes draining mammary carcinoma. AB - Lymphocytes isolated from axillary nodes draining breast carcinoma possess variable natural cytotoxic capacity. Augmentation of lymph node cell (LNC) cytotoxicity by interferon (IFN) is also variable, with only some populations displaying potentiated lysis following exposure to either IFN-a or gene-cloned IFN-a2. Where present the IFN-induced augmentation of LNC cytotoxicity was invariably weaker than that observed following similar treatment of autochthonous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Irrespective of their responsiveness to IFN the cytotoxic activity of all LNC preparations examined was significantly increased following pre-incubation with either staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) or factors elaborated by lectin-pulsed allogeneic LNC. THe induction or amplification fo LNC-mediated natural cytotoxicity by lymphokines may provide a local potentiation of natural immune function at the host : tumour interface. PMID- 6553506 TI - The role of allogeneic cells in the stimulation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to leukaemia cells. A family study. AB - Allogeneic lymphocytes can stimulate cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in lymphocytes from leukaemia patients against autologous leukaemia target cells. We have compared the capacity of different allogeneic lymphoid cells to stimulate CMC to fresh (i.e., patient) and cultured (MOLT 4, K562) leukaemic target cells in lymphocytes from an acute leukaemic patient and his HLA-identical siblings. Allogeneic lymphoid cells, and particularly a lymphoblastoid cell line, were effective in stimulating CMC to leukaemia targets. In some instances, however, leukaemia cells derived from the patient, mixed with allogeneic lymphoid cells stimulated synergistic CMC to the patient's leukaemia. We also found that the patient's leukaemia cells alone were able to stimulate CMC in HLA-identical sib lymphocytes to fresh and cultured leukaemia targets. Extra specificities on fresh leukaemia cells were revealed when these cells induced unpredicted CMC on normal lymphocyte targets when added to mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) between related and unrelated lymphocytes. Cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in MLC against the patient's HLA antigens were absorbed by monolayers of lymphocytes and leukaemia cells of the same HLA type as the patient, leaving residual CMC to fresh (patient) and cultured (K562) leukaemia target cells. In addition, CMC to the patient's leukaemia cells, stimulated in lymphocytes from the patient's HLA identical sib by allogeneic cells, was absorbed by a monolayer of these allogeneic cells. This suggests cross reactivity between determinants on the leukaemia and allogeneic lymphocytes. The results of this study are consistent with expression of 'leukaemia antigen', which are not restricted to leukaemia cells but may also be expressed on lymphocytes. PMID- 6553507 TI - Inhibition of pulmonary metastases of B16 melanoma with irradiated tumor cells and BCG. AB - When the tumor-bearing leg of C57BL/6J mice was amputated 16 days after SC inoculation of 10(6)B16 melanoma cells, all the amputated mice died of pulmonary metastases. Transfer of lungs from the amputated to normal syngeneic mice revealed tumor cells in the lungs just after amputation. Repeated weekly injections of BCG and irradiated tumor cells, beginning 24 h after amputation of the tumor-bearing limb, prolonged the survival only of mice presensitized to BCG. Injections of BCG or irradiated melanoma cells alone, or neuraminidase- and mitomycin C-treated tumor cells or of Levamisole had no effect, but injections of ConA-coated tumor cells slightly prolonged the survival of the amputated mice. Both BCG and B16 cells induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity but there was no cross-reactivity between BCG and B16 cells. PMID- 6553508 TI - Antibodies to tumour eluates react preferentially with non-lymphoid tumours. AB - Rabbit antisera raised against eluates from a murine fibrosarcoma were characterised using a 125I-protein A assay and a wide variety of target cells. The sera bound preferentially to rodent tumours of non-lymphoid origin, whereas monkey and human cells did not react. Murine lymphoid cells and macrophages (normal or transformed) and normal liver and kidney cells all bound low amounts of the antibody, while embryonic cells were intermediate in reactivity. Target cell treatments indicated that the surface antigens being detected were sensitive to proteolysis and calcium depletion. In addition actively growing cells bound more antibody than resting cells. Double binding assays with sera specific for plasma membrane components suggested the eluate antigens may play a structural role. Immunofluorescent studies demonstrated that surface antigens detected by the antisera capped and were lost and this was followed by synthesis and surface re-expression. Sera such as these, which can distinguish between normal and malignant cells in the rodent, have obvious applications in many aspects of tumour-related investigations. PMID- 6553509 TI - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity-mediated serotherapy against murine neuroblastoma. II. In vitro and in vivo treatment using effector cells from normal and X-irradiated humans. AB - Human peripheral lymphocytes (HLc) have been studied in vitro as possible effector cells in an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) reaction. HLc were found to be active against murine neuroblastoma cells (MNB) inoculated into the flank of syngeneic mice. Both the time of onset of tumor appearance and the mean survival time of tumor-bearing host mice were beneficially influenced. Occasional animals could be cured of up to 10(5) tumor cells (1--10 cells of MNB are lethal). This level of tumor cytotoxicity approaches that of tolerance-dose chemotherapy and is without demonstrable side-effects. HLc from patients who had just received = 3,000 rads fractionated therapeutic X-irradiation were equally effective as HLc from control non-irradiated donors when assayed at equivalent HLc : tumor cell ratios. HLc could also inhibit MNB tumor cell growth in the ascitic form, confirming in vivo activity. Overall, HLc appeared almost as active as rat spleen cells in mediating a useful anti-tumor ADCC. This approach may ultimately prove useful in man, especially in the peritoneal cavity, and is currently limited only by the need to develop appropriate antisera. It is proposed and emphasized that such antisera need not necessarily be directed at tumor-specific antigens. Organ-specific antibodies such are already known to develop spontaneously in some human auto-immune diseases might be equally useful and are a naturally occurring potential source of appropriately expressed genetic material. PMID- 6553510 TI - Increase in the effectiveness of melphalan therapy with progression of MOPC-315 plasmacytoma tumor growth. AB - Following inoculation with 1 X 10(6) MOPC-315 tumor cells, a single injection of a very low dose of melphalan (L-PAM, L-phenylalanine mustard), 0.75 mg/kg, cured most of the mice bearing a day 11 large primary tumor (20 mm) and metastases, but failed to cure mice bearing a day 4 nonpalpable tumor. Treatment of mice bearing a nonpalpable tumor with the very low dose of drug compromised the ability of the mice to respond effectively to the same low dose of drug when the tumor became large (day 12). However, a nonpalpable tumor could be eradicated by treatment of tumor bearers with a low dose of L-PAM, if it was present concomitantly with a large tumor on the contralateral side. A high dose of L-PAM, 15 mg/kg, cured mice bearing either a nonpalpable or a large tumor. The eradication of the tumor induced by the high dose of L-PAM appeared to be due solely to the tumoricidal effect of the drug. On the other hand, the eradication of the tumor by the low dose of L-PAM also required the participation of antitumor immunity of the host, since subsequent injection of antithymocyte serum abrogated the curative effect of the drug in most mice. Mice cured by a high dose of L-PAM were not resistant to subsequent lethal tumor challenge. In contrast, mice cured by the low dose of L-PAM were able to reject a tumor challenge of 300 times the minimal lethal tumor dose. The results obtained with L-PAM therapy are similar to the results that we had previously reported with cyclophosphamide therapy. Thus, the timing of therapy with a low dose of drug for mice bearing a MOPC-315 tumor is critical for successful therapy. Moreover, the selection of a low dose rather than a high dose of drug to eradicate a large tumor offers the advantage that it results in long lasting potent antitumor immunity as a consequence of the participation of host antitumor immunity in the eradication of the tumor. PMID- 6553511 TI - Immunomodulating activity of thymosin fraction 5 and thymosin alpha 1 in immunosuppressed mice. AB - We found that both thymosin from calf thymus and its constituent peptide alpha 1 prepared by chemical synthesis restore cell-mediated immunity following its suppression in mice by injection of 5-FU. Conditions suitable for assessing the thymosin activity by means of footpad reaction were established in such immunosuppressed mice. In this new animal model, thymosin alpha 1-peptide showed activity at a low dose of 5-50 micrograms/kg, which was 100-1,000 times less than that required for thymosin F-5 preparations. Further studies utilizing the adoptive transfer technique showed that alpha 1-peptide corrects the 5-FU-induced suppression of mature T cells, transferring the DTH response as well as that of macrophage function responsible for the expression of footpad reaction. Furthermore, regeneration of lymph node and bone marrow cells as well as CFU-c (progenitor cells of macrophages and granulocytes) was enhanced by thymosin alpha 1 in the 5-FU-treated mice. All these results indicate that thymosin alpha 1 accelerates the replenishment and maturation of haematopoietic cells, including not only T cells but also macrophages, when they have been severely damaged by the 5-FU treatment. PMID- 6553512 TI - Restoration by levamisole of immune responses suppressed in tumor-bearing mice. AB - Restorative effects of levamisole on suppressed immune responses were observed in BALB/c mice inoculated with a syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma and immunized with nucleated chicken erythrocytes. In tumor-bearing mice, cell mediated cytotoxicity, delayed footpad reaction, and antibodies were suppressed, and only the delayed footpad reaction was restored by levamisole. Suppressive effects in tumor-bearing mice can be transferred with sera or spleen cells, and the expression of suppressive effects cannot be abolished by treatment of the recipients with levamisole. However, the generation of suppressor mechanisms was affected by treatment of tumor-bearing donors with levamisole. PMID- 6553513 TI - Depressed lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against adherent HEP-2 cells in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - Lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with uterine cervix carcinoma was evaluated using human adherent 3H TdR-prelabeled HEp-2 epipharynx carcinoma cells as targets at a 50:1 effector target cell ratio with 25 micrograms concanavalin A/ml in a 24-h assay. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 13 patients with cervical carcinoma in stage IV failed to exert cytotoxicity against HEp-2 targets. In contrast, an increased survival (decreased detachment from the monolayer) of HEp-2 cells was observed in the presence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients, this being significantly enhanced by addition of concanavalin A during the lectin dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay. PMID- 6553514 TI - Potentiation of the defective monocyte chemotaxis in Hodgkin's disease by in vitro tuftsin treatment. AB - In vitro pre-incubation of monocytes derived from patients with Hodgkin's disease with tuftsin (50 micrograms/ml) significantly restored the deficient chemotactic responsiveness of these cells to the complement-derived factor C5a, as demonstrated by a monocyte migration assay based on the Boyden technique. Potentiation of the chemotactic responsiveness of monocytes was most significant after elective splenectomy. The results indicate that the specific receptors required for tuftsin activities may be available on the monocyte membranes in Hodgkin's disease. Since tuftsin is a natural, non-immunogenic tetrapeptide that can also be produced synthetically, it may provide a new therapeutic approach in Hodgkin's disease to at least partial restoration of the defective cellular immunity. PMID- 6553515 TI - Thymosin alpha 1 restores NK-cell activity and prevents tumor progression in mice immunosuppressed by cytostatics or X-rays. AB - The effect of thymosin against tumor progression was examined in mice immunosuppressed by cytostatics or X-ray irradiation. When pretreated with cytostatic agents, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or BCNU, or by X-ray, and then inoculated with P388 or L1210 leukemias, mice died rapidly within a few days. In these systems, thymosin alpha 1 given concomitantly with the cytostatic agents or after X-irradiation prevented rapid death and extended survival, although the mice eventually died with leukemia like normal mice inoculated with cells of the same tumor. Rapid death in the 5-FU-treated mice was also prevented by adoptive transfer of spleen cells from the donor mice if these had been treated with 5-FU plus thymosin alpha 1, but not if they had received 5-FU alone. However, the restorative activity of the donor spleen cells was abrogated by treatment with anti-asialo GM1, but not by treatment with anti-Thy 1 or anti-mouse Ig serum, suggesting that the effector cells in the spleen are NK cells. In fact, thymosin alpha 1, when given concomitantly with 5-FU or after X-irradiation, maintained the NK activity of spleen, which was damaged by treatment with 5-FU or X irradiation alone. The present study indicates that thymosin alpha 1 exerts a preventive activity against progression of leukemias at least in part through an effect on NK cells or their progenitor cells. PMID- 6553516 TI - Immunotherapy of Lewis lung carcinoma with hydrosoluble peptidoglycan monomer (PGM). AB - The water-soluble peptidoglycan monomer (PGM) isolated from the culture fluid of Brevibacterium divaricatum, which has immunostimulating activity, has been examined for its antitumor effects in C57BL mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. The formation of spontaneous lung metastases from SC tumor implants is significantly inhibited. The growth of SC primary tumors, including advanced ones, is also significantly inhibited, though to a less pronounced extent than the growth of metastases. The effects on metastases are evident with all treatment schedules used, whereas those on SC primary tumors are treatment schedule-dependent. The treatment with PGM was found to be therapeutically useful when combined with surgical removal of IM implants; in conditions where a single post-operative treatment was ineffective, combined post-operative and immediately pre-operative administration of PGM significantly increased (by 40%) the survival time of treated animals over that of controls undergoing surgery only. PMID- 6553517 TI - Characterization of tumor-associated lymphocytes in a series of mouse mammary tumor lines with differing biological properties. AB - Tumor-associated lymphocytes were isolated by isokinetic gradient separation from five related mouse mammary tumor lines with different immunological and growth characteristics. Although considerable variation in recovery rates was seen from experiment to experiment, the five tumor types were found to have reproducible and characteristic patterns of T lymphocyte subpopulations, as detected by cytotoxicity assay using monoclonal antisera to Thy-1, Lyt-1, and Lyt-2 antigens. Tumors of line 168, which are weakly immunogenic at best, had the lowest numbers of recovered ALS+, Thy1+ lymphocytes (12% and 9%, respectively), in contrast to immunogenic lines (mean 38% and 26%, respectively). Line 68H tumors, which grow after prolonged latency periods and also produce tumor cell variants in vivo, were unique in that the numbers of recovered Lyt 1+ lymphocytes exceeded the number of Lyt 2+ lymphocytes, whereas these two T cell subpopulations were either equal or Lyt 2+ cells predominated in the other faster growing, non-variant producing tumors. No differences in T lymphocyte distribution were associated with the presence or absence of metastatic behavior. These results indicate that distinctive lymphocyte infiltrates may be characteristic of tumors with distinct biological differences. PMID- 6553520 TI - [Tradition in nursing (1). Ms. Kassai and her disciples]. PMID- 6553518 TI - The role of humoral immunity and the contribution of the F1 anti-parental effect in the rejection of a Moloney leukemia virus-induced lymphoma graft. AB - Antibody and rejection responses against the Moloney leukemia virus-induced YAC lymphoma of A strain origin were found to be weak in A but high in (A X C57Bl)F1 hybrids. (A X C57Bl) X A backcross mice typed for expression of H-2 antigens were investigated for these responses in order to ascertain the importance of the H-2 phenotype of the host and the development of antibodies for rejection of the tumor cells. With an LD50 challenge inoculum in immunized backcross mice, the presence of anti-YAC antibodies appeared to be important for protection against the outgrowth of the tumor, particularly in the H-2a mice. None of them survived, unless antibody-positive. On the other hand, a proportion of the H-2 heterozygous mice rejected the tumor in the absence of antibodies. In the antibody-positive group a higher number of H-2 heterozygous mice survived than of H-2 homozygous mice. The results showed that both humoral and cellular responses are important for the rejection of an antigenic lymphoma and indicate the contribution of an F1 anti-parental component in the latter. PMID- 6553519 TI - Complement biosynthesis by human bronchoalveolar macrophages. AB - Complement production by bronchoalveolar macrophages recovered from 8 normal volunteers and 15 patients with a variety of lung diseases was measured functionally and immunochemically. While macrophages from all eight normals demonstrated the capacity to secrete hemolytically active C2 and factor B within 48 hr of culture at consistent rates, bronchoalveolar macrophages from patients secreted C2 and factor B in widely differing amounts, and in some cases, not at all. No functional, secreted C3 was detected from normal macrophage monolayers, although apparently native C3 protein was synthesized and secreted. In contrast, functional C3 was produced by macrophage monolayers from 3 of 15 patients. These findings suggest that complement production by the normal human bronchoalveolar macrophage differs from its progenitor cell, the blood monocyte, and that complement production by bronchoalveolar macrophages may be altered in different pulmonary diseases. PMID- 6553521 TI - [Nursing of patients who face death. From the chaplain's viewpoint]. PMID- 6553522 TI - [Nursing process leading to psychological interactions with M, a child who can not talk--introduction to problem oriented nursing]. PMID- 6553523 TI - [Nursing and nursing education perspective (No. 12). My view of nursing]. PMID- 6553524 TI - Vitamins: who needs them? PMID- 6553525 TI - Vitamins and people: all about vitamins. PMID- 6553526 TI - Is nine months' preparation enough? PMID- 6553527 TI - [Instructional hygiene for the pupils of secondary vocational and technical schools]. PMID- 6553528 TI - [Achievements of Soviet surgery]. PMID- 6553529 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6553530 TI - [Chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6553531 TI - [Characteristics of the course of acute pneumonia in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 6553533 TI - [Hemorrhagic stroke]. PMID- 6553532 TI - [Analysis of the status of newborn infants following cesarean section]. PMID- 6553534 TI - [Health education of men in the problems of health protection for women]. PMID- 6553535 TI - [Dispensary care for infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6553537 TI - [Cosmetic plastic surgery]. PMID- 6553536 TI - [Elements of a teaching methodology for internal diseases]. PMID- 6553538 TI - [Acute bacillary dysentery]. PMID- 6553539 TI - [Caesarean hysterectomy or tubal coagulation following caesarean section--a comparison]. AB - From 1973 to 1982 a total of 99 Caesarean hysterectomies and 105 Caesarean sections with subsequent tubal coagulation were performed. This represents 6.5% and 6.9%, respectively, of all Caesarean sections. After excluding the emergency cases, 86 planned Caesarean hysterectomies and 99 Caesarean sections combined with tubal coagulation remained. Statistical evaluation showed that the postoperative course was more favourable and less febrile with Caesarean hysterectomy than with tubal coagulation after Caesarean section. The somewhat greater loss of blood after hysterectomy is practically without any sequel. Hysterectomy saves the patient from subsequent uterine diseases, ascending infections, menstrual anaemias, problems of hygiene, etc. Caesarean hysterectomy appears to be the method of choice if surgical sterilisation is deemed appropriate besides performing the Caesarean section; if the patient has been informed of the operation in detail; if the patient feels no emotional ties towards the uterus; if there has been ample opportunity to think things over calmly; and if the surgeon is really skilled in performing hysterectomy. PMID- 6553540 TI - [Microsurgical reversal of sterilization: experiences and results in 119 cases]. AB - From January 1976 to March 1982 119 microsurgical reversals were performed. Most of these women were not older than 30 years at the time of sterilization. A new partnership was the main reason for a request of reversal. Up to now 69 patients (58,0%) achieved an intrauterine pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancies occurred in 3 women (2,5%). The prognosis of a reversal depends mainly on the remaining length of the fallopian tube and the site of the anastomosis. For isthmo-isthmic anastomoses the intrauterine pregnancy rate was 80%. Due to today's high divorce rates tubal sterilization in women younger than 30 years should be based on a well founded indication. In younger patients only such sterilization techniques should be performed, which offer the highest chances for reversal. PMID- 6553541 TI - [Urinary tract infections after gynecological surgery]. AB - In a ten year period we selected at random 235 patients, who underwent a vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy or a radical operation (Latzko-Meigs) and evaluated their postoperative morbidity with special regard to urinary tract infections. In the period of 1971 to 1979 we observed a significant increase of urinary tract infections following vaginal hysterectomy, especially after additional colporrhaphia, as well as a significant increase of febrile postoperative phases after radical hysterectomy. Also a shift towards so called "nosocomial bacteria" (Klebsiella, Aerobacter and Pseudomonas) was observed. We therefore changed our perioperative management of Latzko-Meigs operation (closed urine catheter system, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis). The comparison of the groups before and after this change show a significant decrease of all signs of postoperative morbidity observed. PMID- 6553542 TI - [The technique, accuracy and clinical significance of the ultrasonographic determination of the fetal sex]. AB - Despite improved ultrasound methodology it is probably not possible to determine the fetal sex accurately prior to the twentieth week of gestation by ultrasound. The clinical significance of this non-invasive method of fetal sex determination is therefore still low. The technique and accuracy is discussed from studies of the literature and a personal investigation of one hundred and four cases. PMID- 6553543 TI - [Chorangiomas of the placenta as cause of repeated stillbirths]. AB - In a young woman multiple large chorangiomas developed in the placenta during the first and the third pregnancies which were both under prenatal care. During the delivery sudden placental insufficiency resulted a stillbirth. The second pregnancy of the same patient was normal. PMID- 6553544 TI - [Sonographic diagnosis of a large placental tumour in late pregnancy - case and consequences for delivery]. AB - The article deals with the sonographic diagnosis of a large chorioangioma in the 34th week of pregnancy. In consequence of the fast growth of the tumour and development of an oligohydramnios a Caesarian section was carried out in the 36th week. The infant suffered with anaemia. We summarize the current literature and discuss the differential diagnosis as well as the consequences for delivery in conclusion of the diagnosis "placental tumour". PMID- 6553545 TI - [Combined pericervical and intramuscular administration of prostaglandin for the termination of pregnancy in the 2d and 3d trimester]. AB - In 64 patients with pathological pregnancies (missed abortion, molar pregnancy, intrauterine fetal death, fetal malformation, maternal disease) termination of pregnancy was induced by local application of PGE2 by means of a portio cap and subsequent intramuscular application of Sulproston. In 21 women 1,5 mg and in 43 2,25 mg PGE2 or more were used for cervical priming. In 21 cases expulsion of the fetus could be obtained during or shortly after the priming procedure. In the remaining 43 women Sulproston was administered on the following day with a starting dose of 200 mcg and 100 mcg subsequently at two hours intervals up to a total dose of 500 mcg. With the exception of 3 cases this led to the expulsion of the products of conception. In the remaining 3 patients abortion was obtained on the third day by additional Sulproston-application. The mean expulsion time was 6,3 +/- 2,1 hours, being significantly lower when the fetus was not alive compared to viable pregnancies. Side effects during the priming procedure were only observed in 3 cases; the total rate of side effects was 57,8% and the incidence of use of analgetics 51,5%. The softening effect of locally applied prostaglandins apparently adds in an advantageous manner to the strong contractile effects of Sulproston resulting in shorter expulsion intervals, lower total dosage of prostaglandins and a reduction of the incidence of side effects and the use of analgetics. PMID- 6553546 TI - [Tubal pregnancy following hysterectomy]. AB - A 41 year old woman had been submitted to a supravaginal uterine amputation in 1978 and to extirpation of the cervical stump in 1981. In 1982 she then developed a tubal pregnancy. - There have been only 30 reports regarding ectopic gestation diagnosed after previous complete hysterectomy in world literature since 1895. In 20 cases conception occurred some time before hysterectomy, in the remaining 10 cases, however, thereafter ("early" or respectively "late" type of extrauterine gestation, with regard to the date of hysterectomy). Probably ectopic pregnancy following complete hysterectomy could be diagnosed more often in the future, provided that the possibility of its manifestation is carefully taken into consideration. PMID- 6553547 TI - [A rare complication following the insertion of a bleier-secu-clip]. AB - A case of bilateral torsion of the fallopian tubes, the right with a hydro salpinx is reported. This occurred 8 months following tubal sterilization following by the Bleier Secu-clips in a case of acute abdominal pain following tubal sterilization the differential diagnosis of a torsion of the fallopian tube with swelling of the infracted tube must be considered in addition to a torsion of an ovarian cyst. PMID- 6553548 TI - [Incomplete testicular feminisation]. AB - We report a case of incomplete testicular feminisation in a 53 years old, third time married patient. Prominent symptoms were a slightly masculine structure of the body, masculine features and a hypertrophy of the clitoris. The reason for hospitalization was a lower abdominal tumour. Histologically it was a hydrocele with a testicle including a Leydig's cell-tumour without any signs of malignancy. On the opposite side was on atrophic testicle without spermiogenesis too. As usual the syndrome of incomplete testicular feminisation was discovered very late. Therefore, the necessary psychological guidance, especially from the beginning of puberty and the oncological control to exclude a tumour of the testicle had been left undone. It is the purpose of this report to draw attention to the aspect of this disease despite its rare occurrence in a ratio of 1:2,000 to 1:20,000. PMID- 6553549 TI - [Emotional consequences of sterilization. Clinical comments on the methodology of psychological studies]. PMID- 6553550 TI - [Histopathological findings in incidental appendectomies during gynecologic laparotomies and their significance for the patient]. AB - Incidental appendectomy is a more and more frequent part of gynaecological laparotomies. Doubts about the increased post-operative morbidity and mortality have been shown to be unfounded in numerous series. Opinions on contra indications to incidental appendectomy are divided. German language authors do not do incidental appendectomies with Caesarean Sections, operations for Ectopic pregnancies, Tubo-Ovarian Abscess and Inoperable Carcinoma. In the English speaking literature an increasing number of authors show that even under these circumstances the appendectomy is without danger. Incidental appendectomy is indicated because of the high incidence of abnormal findings at microscopic examination and because the appendix may be a potential hazard for some groups of patients especially pregnant women and elderly women. An increased mortality can be attributed to the potential site of the disease in the appendix. The possible long term complications of incidental appendectomy by adhesions or bowel obstruction are lower than the potential risk of morbidity or mortality with the appendix in situ. In our series microscopic examination of one hundred and thirteen incidentally removed appendices showed abnormal findings in 82.9% of the cases. The appendices were removed in a series of 267 gynaecological laparotomies. In 17% of the cases the findings were important for the patient. An increased post-operative morbidity or mortality was not found in our series. The hospital stay was not prolonged over that of a comparitive group. The risk of a left behind appendix was calculated from a study of the literature both as to morbidity and mortality and compared to the possible short term and long term morbidity from an incidental appendectomy. PMID- 6553551 TI - [Hybridoma technic: a new biological dimension in reproduction research]. PMID- 6553552 TI - [Pregnancies following tubal diagnostic procedures]. AB - During the years 1976 to 1980, 178 laparoscopies with hydropertubations and 113 hysterosalpingographies as well as 24 combined tests were carried out at the University Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Graz. Of these, 263 cases could be evaluated. On the basis of the diagnosis made by above mentioned examinations, a pregnancy was practically impossible for 102 women. Of the remaining 161 cases, 38 (23,6%) conceived within the first six cycles subsequent to "invasive diagnosis". It is assumed that these patient's pregnancies can be attributed directly to the diagnostic measures. It is presumed that the reason for this therapeutic effect lies in the removal of a mechanical or psychic disturbance. PMID- 6553553 TI - [Luteal phase following follicle puncture. Endocrinologic studies in in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer following clomiphene-HCG treatment]. PMID- 6553554 TI - [Psychodynamics of the desire for refertilization in women after sexual sterilization]. AB - From October 1979 to April 1982 forty two women with previous tubal ligations presented themselves at the Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Giessen with a high desire of restoration of their fertility. With questionaires and partly structured interviews these women were evaluated at the Centre for Psychosomatic Medicine in Giessen. The results largely confirm previous findings known in the literature regarding the background of tubal ligations in women with desire for restoration of fertility. Most of the patients (N = 37) had the sterilization performed under conditions which are known to have an adverse prognostic effect such as sterilization for medical indications in ten women, sterilization during a marital crisis in eighteen women, and sterilization in conjunction with a therapeutic abortion, confinement or a gynaecological operation in twenty eight women. The psychodynamics of women with a desire for restoration of fertility show two main groups. First: in twenty five women a sterilization and desire for restoration of fertility are an effort to resolve a specific conflict in their marital relationship inasmuch as a new infant should serve as a bonding function and documentation of the new partnership. Second: in sixteen patients sterilization and desire for refertilization are a symptom of an unresolved conflict of the role as woman and mother. The new infant or the restoration of fertility should eliminate the narcistic deficit suffered by the sterilization or restore the self esteem which suffered a female identity blow by the sterilization. Implications of these findings for the counselling practice are discussed. PMID- 6553555 TI - [Experience of early pregnancy. Case study in 10 primiparee and their partners]. AB - Ten couples with their first pregnancy were followed to the end of the second trimester of pregnancy by semi-standardized interviews on their coping with the pregnancy. Typical symptoms of early pregnancy such as nausea and vomiting were not always considered to be a nuisance but at times desired in view of an identification with the pregnancy and the growing infant. It was proof to be pregnant. The first six months of the pregnancy are characterized by a growing responsibility of the parents for each other but also by new conflicts in the relationship between the partners. The involvement of the male partner is higher when there is a higher desire for conception and parenthood. The quickening is a important event since the fetus is now thought of more and more as a baby and pregnancy is more openly admitted in public. Coping with the early pregnancy is easier understood if the emotions are recognized scientifically as an original and important dimension. This dimension is basically different from the technical rationality of modern medicine and requires integration of rationality and intuition. PMID- 6553556 TI - [Development of cervix papillomas and dysplasia during pregnancy]. AB - Serial colposkopic and cytologic observations of a 38-year-old patient in her first pregnancy show the development of a dysplasia from papilloma of the cervix within 6 months. Papilloma virus must be regarded as an infectious oncogenous agent in the region of the human cervix. PMID- 6553557 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of calf muscle cramps during pregnancy]. AB - Of 8204 gravidae, 486 (5,9%) complained at least once of muscle cramps during pregnancy. Muscle cramps were noticed most often in the second half of pregnancy. Gravidae with muscle cramps were on the average older and of higher parity; there was no relationship between muscle cramps and complications during pregnancy or unfavorable fetal outcome. In an uncontrolled therapeutic trial 21 women with muscle cramps received 1,8 g monomagnesium-aspartate twice daily per mouth for 4 weeks. 21 women with muscle cramps had no therapy. 4 weeks after the initiation of magnesium therapy 19/21 women were free of symptoms, compared to only 7/21 patients in the control group. Muscle cramps during pregnancy do not have to be considered a risk factor; they can be significantly improved by the administration of oral magnesium. PMID- 6553558 TI - [Pre-eclampsia with haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, liver and kidney involvement--an uncommon form of severe gestosis. A case report]. AB - The case of a 22-year-old primigravida in the 33rd week of pregnancy is presented, showing an uncommon form of EPH-gestosis which so far has been described very rarely in German literature. It is a case of pre-eclampsia with haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, increased liver values and beginning kidney failure. The key to the survival of mother and child lies in rapid delivery and an adequate substitution of erythrocytes and blood plasma. Symptomatics, differential diagnosis and therapy are discussed. Reference literature is given. PMID- 6553559 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of fetoscopy in prenatal diagnosis]. AB - The need for fetoscopy in prenatal diagnosis has been established and its value has been demonstrated. The number of cases for which this fetoscopy is necessary remains small. The less traumatic ultra-sound diagnosis more and more competes with endofetoscopic inspection. The fetoscopy is necessary for fetal tissue biopsy and fetal blood sampling. Progress in intra-uterine treatment can be expected. PMID- 6553560 TI - Pregnancy rate after homologous insemination of pathological ejaculate both with and without the addition of kallikrein. AB - As part of a gynecological-andrological cooperation programme for the treatment of infertile marriages made by the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Urology, University of Vienna Medical School, the pregnancy rates achieved through 1,269 homologous inseminations of pathological ejaculates (according to Elliason's classification) both with and without addition of kallikrein was analysed retrospectively. In the case of 131 married couples, only 5 pregnancies occurred without the addition of kallikrein, and where kallikrein was used, there were also 5 pregnancies in 75 couples (6.66%). No conception occurred when cryoejaculate was used in addition. There were altogether 11 cases of spontaneous pregnancies. Conception could only be induced if an ejaculate of relatively high quality with a spermatozoa count of more than 12 million/ml and a 2-hour motility of more than 28% was used for insemination. The problems associated with homologous insemination with pathological ejaculate are being discussed. PMID- 6553561 TI - New synthetic inhibitor to the alternative complement pathway. AB - The inhibitory effects of 6-amidino-2-naphthyl 4-guanidinobenzoate (FUT-175) on the activities of factor B, factor D and cobra venom factor (CVF) X Bb were examined. FUT-175 bound specifically to the Bb fragment of factor B or CVF X Bb. FUT-175 was a non-competitive inhibitor of the esterolysis of L-leucyl-L-alanyl-L arginine naphthylester by factor B and CVF X Bb. FUT-175 also inhibited the haemolytic activity of factor B, the C3 convertase activity of CVF X Bb and the factor B-cleaving activity of factor D. The concentration of FUT-175 causing 50% inhibition of these activities was 10(-5) - 10(-4)M. PMID- 6553562 TI - [Health and life environment: immigrants]. PMID- 6553563 TI - [Menopause]. PMID- 6553564 TI - [Ileo-cecal tuberculosis]. PMID- 6553566 TI - [Reflections: the nurse in the presence of a dying patient]. PMID- 6553565 TI - [Infant-juvenile alcoholism. Part 2]. PMID- 6553567 TI - Selected correlates of white nursing students' attitudes toward black American patients. AB - Multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationships between white nursing students' attitudes toward black American patients and variables selected within a theoretical framework of prejudice which included socialization factors and personality-based factors. The variables selected were: authoritarianism and self-esteem (personality-based factors), parents' attitudes toward black Americans, peer attitudes toward black Americans, interracial contact and socioeconomic status (socialization factors). The study also examined the differences in the relationship among white nursing students enrolled in baccalaureate degree, associate degree and diploma nursing programs. Data were collected from 201 senior nursing students enrolled in the three types of nursing programs in Rhode Island during the late fall and winter of 1979-1980. Although baccalaureate degree, associate degree and diploma students were similar in terms of peer attitudes toward black Americans, fathers' attitudes toward black Americans, self-esteem and attitudes toward black American patients, they were significantly different in terms of age, socioeconomic status, mothers' attitudes toward black Americans, interracial contact and authoritarianism. The major findings of this study indicate that the socialization explanation of prejudice is more significant than the personality-based explanation. The variables socioeconomic status, interracial contact and peer attitudes toward black Americans (all socialization variables) accounted for 22.0% of the total variance in attitudes toward black American patients for the total sample of nursing students. However, this relationship was not generalizable across the three different types of nursing programs. PMID- 6553568 TI - Nursing and higher education. AB - Gladys Carter, an eminent Canadian nurse holding a "Boots" fellowship at the University of Edinburgh, in 1954 set out lucidly the ways in which the nursing profession would benefit from an increase of university graduates among its members. Since then the University of Edinburgh has been playing a prominent part in conducting courses at undergraduate and intermediate degree levels and a considerable number of nurses have obtained M.Phil. and Ph.D. degrees by research. There are now many other institutions of tertiary education which provide the opportunity for nurses to study for degrees and an increasing number of graduates enter colleges of nursing for nurse training. Using the Edinburgh experience as a starting point, the article discusses the value of degree courses to individual students and the potential value of graduates to the nursing profession. It is distressing, however, that graduates themselves do not appear to have career aspirations commensurate with their qualifications and that the profession in the United Kingdom still fails to find graduates to fill senior posts. Those who studied for university degrees after having established themselves in nursing appear more likely to be promoted to senior positions than those who have taken degree courses in nursing. The contribution of graduates to the establishment of a body of nursing knowledge and the role that the universities play in the research endeavour is discussed. PMID- 6553570 TI - Nurses' levels of empathy and respect in simulated interactions with patients. PMID- 6553569 TI - Infant feeding practices among clinical nursing staff in urban Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6553571 TI - A disposable new electronic temperature probe for skin temperature measurements in the newborn infant nursery. PMID- 6553573 TI - The occupational health nurse in newly industrialising and developing countries- problems and prospects. PMID- 6553572 TI - Self-concept, social support and hysterectomy. AB - This paper reports on part of a larger study financed by the DHSS and concerned with describing recovery from hysterectomy and evaluating an experimental counselling session aimed at helping women to plan and manage their own recovery. The effect of the operation on the woman's self-concept and the possible role of social support in the recovery process are the principal foci. Contrary to findings in much previous research, women in this study showed no evidence of adverse changes in self-concept, depression levels were reduced after operation, and the majority of women were glad to have had a hysterectomy. Low levels of support from partner, family and friends were associated with poorer outcome on some of the indicators used, and possible explanations for this are considered. PMID- 6553574 TI - New nursing energy: to what end? PMID- 6553575 TI - The evolution of nursing care modalities: primary nursing. PMID- 6553576 TI - Interventions in nursing: goal or task-oriented? PMID- 6553578 TI - Temperature-related variations in the lipid composition of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strains. AB - Growth of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus at 28 and 37 degrees C led to changes in the relative amounts of phospholipids recovered. The major phospholipids present in these strains were phosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Phosphatidylglycerol tended to occur in lower amounts in the resistant strains, but it was the major phospholipid in both methicillin-susceptible and -resistant S. aureus strains. Growth patterns and total lipid concentrations were similar in all strains. PMID- 6553577 TI - Characterization of human salivary kallikrein: reactivities to human plasma kininogens and proteinase inhibitors. AB - In order to clarify the enzymatic properties of human salivary kallikrein, we investigated its actions on human plasma kininogens and response to proteinase inhibitors. Salivary kallikrein released kinin from both LMW and HMW kininogens, but acted preferentially on LMW kininogen. Salivary kallikrein did not completely release the kinin from HMW kininogen even after prolonged incubation (up to 60 min). The kinin releasing activity of salivary kallikrein was not inhibited by plasma proteinase inhibitors such as alpha 2M, alpha 2PI, AT III, and C1 INA after preincubation for 60 min at 37 degrees C, but was inhibited progressively by alpha 1AT as a function of preincubation time. SDS-PAGE revealed that concomitantly with the progressive inhibition a new band of 92,000 daltons, which seemed to be a complex of salivary kallikrein and alpha 1AT, was produced. The kininogen-depleted plasma inhibited the salivary kallikrein to the same degree as alpha 1AT. Therefore, it is suggested that alpha 1AT is the only inhibitor of salivary kallikrein in human plasma. PMID- 6553579 TI - Preventing burnout by adaptively managing stress: biopsychosocial strategies. PMID- 6553580 TI - Outcome standards for the ostomy client. From the IAET Standards Committee. PMID- 6553581 TI - Epidemiologic aspects of colorectal cancer in the elderly. PMID- 6553582 TI - IAET strategic planning report: part IV. PMID- 6553583 TI - Abdominal wounds: breakdown and dehiscence. PMID- 6553585 TI - Drugs: actions and reactions. Laxatives. PMID- 6553584 TI - Considerations in selecting a deodorant for odor control. PMID- 6553586 TI - Use of a copolymer starch for dressing a cancerous wound: one clinician's experience. PMID- 6553587 TI - The consumer's voice: nursing implications. AB - Winifred Raphael pioneered survey research into nursing problems. In particular she was interested in what patients thought about their care. Her sympathetic approach and her trust in the motivation of nurses resulted in ready acceptance of her findings and an eagerness of nurses to use these findings as a basis for improving their performance. This article discusses the paradox of patients wanting to talk, but staff being reluctant to listen, especially where emotionally charged topics are concerned. Recognition that it may be therapeutic for patients to discuss painful experiences and an increasing willingness by nurses to listen to patients may call for a system of providing support for the nurses themselves. Unaided, nurses may find the strain excessive and therefore, in spite of the best intention, may feel obliged to cut the patient off. There is evidence that a change has occurred in recent years in nurses' attitudes to researchers. Whereas early reports reveal a defensiveness and a rejection of critical comments by researchers, recent studies show that patients are less critical of nursing care than the nurses are themselves, and that nurses welcome investigations into their work. Lack of communication with patients is most frequently criticized by patients and by nurses. Because of this nurses increasingly believe that patients may need help to make their views known and increasingly incorporate patient-advocacy in their role. PMID- 6553588 TI - Understanding the patient in all his human needs. AB - The 'patient' whether an individual, family or group has multiple human needs. These needs vary with the characteristics of the patient, the state of health/illness and the setting in which care is delivered. Needs may be of a psychological, physical and/or social nature, with dynamic interaction between and within these areas. The patient is part of a large system, the family and society, and here also mutual impact takes place. Time and space take on new meaning in periods of stress and the nurse must be sensitive to the humans needs which grow out of these changed perceptions. Factors which may contribute to meeting patient needs are a systematic method of learning about the patient, basing care on his specific needs, knowledgeable and skilled care givers and an appropriate environment. PMID- 6553589 TI - Skeletons in the closet: exploring personal family background as a prerequisite for family nursing. AB - A nurse's family background, values and experiences will either positively or negatively affect the kind of care he or she gives. This depends on whether the nurse either has explored his/her background and uses it as a valuable resource or fails to see that it may affect care or even be a restriction to quality care. An individual can take specific steps to use family background as a potent and valuable resource. This paper describes a collection of self-directed and group exercises developed at the University of British Columbia School of Nursing that can be used to explore family background and hence use it more positively. PMID- 6553590 TI - Coping strategies for managing the ineffective subordinate in nursing administration. AB - Ineffective subordinates exist in various degrees in every organization, whether it be the health-care field or business. Nursing administration is no exception. This study examines the reasons why ineffective subordinates in nursing administration are retained by hospitals and the coping methods used by superiors in dealing with those subordinates. A questionnaire was used to identify both the reasons for retention and the coping methods used. Additionally, correlation analysis revealed that coping strategies are a function of the supervisor's age, his or her level of management, the perceived prevalence of the number of ineffective subordinates, organizational control of the hospital and various other hospital size factors. PMID- 6553591 TI - Factors related to the problems of long-term catheterization. AB - A survey of 97 elderly catheterized patients revealed the catheter-related problems of leaking, blocking, need for irrigation, odour and irritation. Details were taken of factors thought to be related to the problems and the data were analysed by using stepwise forward multiple regression. Hospital and community patients were found to have different problems. Females in both groups had more problems than males. For hospital patients, larger catheters were found to be associated with most problems, particularly leaking and blocking. For community patients, immobility and daily changing of drainage bags were major problem causers. The common nursing practice of changing to wider-diameter catheters in an attempt to prevent bypassing is wrong. PMID- 6553592 TI - Curriculum revision: making the process work. AB - This paper presents the experience of one nursing faculty in revising a baccalaureate programme for registered nurses. Mechanisms used to facilitate the process of curriculum revision and to promote involvement of community agencies as well as faculty members and students are discussed. These mechanisms include use of a core co-ordinating group (curriculum co-ordinator, consultant in instructional development, administrative support person) to guide the process, acceptance of a draft of nursing theory content before proposing specific courses and student and community agency representation on course-development committees. The revision process is then analysed in relation to change theory. Particular attention is given to the concepts of involving all those affected by the change, maintaining open and effective communication and factors which minimize resistance. PMID- 6553593 TI - The reliability of 'expert judgement' in the marking of state nursing examinations. AB - A pilot study was undertaken to investigate the reliability of the 'expert judgement' exercised in marking state examination papers. Estimates of inter rater reliability had a median coefficient of 0.76. Intra-rater reliability was marginally higher overall, with a median coefficient of 0.81. While marker reliability is only one source of variation in the assessment of extended answers, it is important the level be known. This study provides useful information and guidelines for improvements. PMID- 6553594 TI - An analysis of the factors which impinge on a nurse's decision to enter, stay in, leave or re-enter the nursing profession. AB - As part of a wider study concerned with the changing nurse employment patterns a detailed questionnaire was completed by a total of 2325 qualified female nurses, 841 of whom were working fulltime in nursing, 634 were inactive, 678 were offering their services on a part-time basis and 172 were working in some other occupation. In a previous article the results of the analysis conducted on the responses to the attitude questions were presented. In this paper the replies to those questions aimed at soliciting the reasons felt to have impacted on the respondent's decision to take up nursing, to stay or to leave the profession and to re-enter the profession are analysed. As the questionnaires were distributed in the course of two projects separated by 4 years, what is of particular interest is the similarity of the two sets of results. These indicate that there is still a very high level of job satisfaction as evidenced by the extent to which nursing would be recommended to a friend or relative. The primary obvious reason for inactivity is the existence of a young child but when further intentions are explored it is clear that there is a large pool of qualified nurses keen to resume a career the main obstacle being the lack of sufficient flexibility of hours of working. PMID- 6553595 TI - Unity with diversity within the nursing profession. PMID- 6553596 TI - Nursing administration and personnel administration. AB - This article proposes that the personnel department could be of far greater assistance to nursing directors and hospital administrators than is commonly perceived. Although many of the nursing directors, hospital administrators, and personnel directors polled by the authors expressed a desire for more support from the personnel department, their priorities concerning the degree of increased involvement differed. Analysis of the respondents' answers to questions regarding specific areas of administrative responsibility are discussed. Managers at all levels will find this article to be a fruitful basis for discussing those areas within which the personnel department could play an expanded role. PMID- 6553597 TI - Providing experiences for student nurses: perspectives for cooperating hospitals. AB - What are the pros and cons of your hospital cooperating with a school of nursing by providing clinical experiences for students? This article discusses the human and material resources that must be available to provide the student with the maximum benefit from the experience. In addition to certain costs inherent in providing this type of support, the authors explore the advantages of having students in terms of recruitment potential, continuing education of staff, and staff satisfaction. Guidelines presented here will help you make a decision about starting a student clinical experience or enhance your management of an existing clinical experience program. PMID- 6553598 TI - Networking: a managerial strategy for research development in a service setting. AB - An innovative managerial strategy--networking--used to establish and promote a nursing research program within three teaching hospitals in Boston is outlined in this article. Networking provides an opportunity for research and program development experts to share resources to meet common needs and goals. One of the advantages of a research network is that it can provide educational offerings that will stimulate all levels of professional nursing staff independent of their research background. Results of a survey the network conducted to determine a citywide profile of nursing research needs are presented. PMID- 6553599 TI - Hospital nurses' valuation of quality assurance. AB - Nurses responsible for quality assurance in ten metropolitan hospitals surveyed nurses from their institutions in an attempt to understand sluggish interest in quality assurance activities. The registered nurses surveyed agreed that involvement in quality assurance is an important part of the professional nurse's role, but this belief did not often translate into positive attitudes toward nor participation in quality assurance activities. PMID- 6553600 TI - Core-12: implementation of flexible scheduling. AB - Flexible scheduling and its impact on nursing are topics of growing interest among nurses. Described in this article is a flexible scheduling system developed by a surgical intensive care unit nursing staff around a core of 12 1/2-hour work shifts. As a result of careful consideration and planning, a master schedule, staffing guidelines, and a work agreement were prepared for a large department of nursing. Administrators of other departments of nursing implementing flexible scheduling should find this information useful. PMID- 6553601 TI - Incidence of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in cystic fibrosis. AB - A variety of intestinal complications, including constipation, abdominal pain, palpable cecal masses, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, and volvulus, have been observed beyond the neonatal period in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In a retrospective chart review of 63 patients with CF, we found evidence of one or more of these complications in 26 patients (41.3%). The incidence of intestinal complications was not related to overall disease severity, pulmonary exacerbations, history of meconium ileus at birth, or dose or type of pancreatic enzyme replacement. There was no change in the incidence of intestinal complications after patients switched to a pH-sensitive enteric-coated microsphere enzyme preparation. PMID- 6553602 TI - Lunch: time to study family interactions. PMID- 6553603 TI - Family systems: values and value conflicts. PMID- 6553604 TI - The private practice model: an ethical perspective. PMID- 6553605 TI - [Clinical evaluation of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - BRL 25000 was administered to 37 cases with infections in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology, and the following results were obtained. The drug was administered to 17 cases with adnexitis, 13 cases with intrauterine infection and 7 cases with parametritis and/or inflammation of pelvic dead space, etc. The percentage of efficacy (excellent and good) was 74.3%. Of 7 cases where no therapeutic effect was obtained with other drugs, the percentage of efficacy was 57.1%. Antibacterial effect of BRL 25000 was studied in terms of percentage of eradication (including replacement) of clinical isolates. A high percentage of eradication (94.4% or 17/18) was obtained. Among all clinical isolates, 37.9% or 11/29 were beta-lactamase producing organisms. Eradication or replacement by BRL 25000 was noted in all these 9 strains, and BRL 25000 was proved to have a high efficacy also against penicillin or cephalosporin resistant organisms. No abnormality was noted in any patient in hematological, hepatic and renal function before and after administration of BRL 25000. As adverse reaction, diarrhea was found in 1 of 37 cases (2.7%), but it reduced after off-dose. PMID- 6553607 TI - [Perinatal care--2. The role of nursing in perinatal care]. PMID- 6553606 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) in the field of otorhinolaryngology]. AB - We studied BRL 25000, (amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate a beta lactamase inhibitor in ratio of 2: 1), in the otorhinolaryngological field in terms of its basic and clinical utility. Pharmacokinetics The distribution of BRL 25000 in mucous membrane of maxillary sinus and retaining liquid of maxillary sinus after administration of 1 tablet (375 mg) was favorable and the good transitional properties were obtained. It was similar to chephems. Clinical results BRL 25000 was administered to 26 patients (6 cases with otitis media, 9 cases with tonsillitis, 2 cases with sinusitis, 1 case with laryngitis, 5 cases with pharyngitis, 1 case with epipharyngitis and 2 cases with pharyngolaryngitis). The overall clinical effective response was obtained in 88.5% of patients. Bacteriological effects BRL 25000 was effective against amoxicillin-resistant S. aureus and K. rhinoscleromatis. Side effects No adverse reactions were seen. PMID- 6553608 TI - [Preparation of sex education programs at a local level]. PMID- 6553609 TI - [A rational policy toward consent and confidentiality in adolescent health care]. PMID- 6553610 TI - [Problems concerning pregnancy in girls under age 19--differences between the United States and Japan]. PMID- 6553611 TI - [Visits to St. Mary's Hospital, England, and Hadassah hospital, Israel]. PMID- 6553612 TI - [Promotion of breast feeding]. PMID- 6553613 TI - [Continued nursing of a primagravida patient who grew up without a maternal role model]. PMID- 6553614 TI - [Unending voyage: life of Ms. Shin Tanaka. 8. Chapter 2]. PMID- 6553615 TI - [Medical scope. Prenatal measurement of the maximum width of the fetus]. PMID- 6553616 TI - [Sex education: discussion by midwifery students]. PMID- 6553617 TI - [Mental processes of clinical nursing personnel]. PMID- 6553618 TI - [Psychological processes in nursing: intangible gifts from patients]. PMID- 6553619 TI - [Psychological processes in nursing. Miscellaneous thoughts on nursing]. PMID- 6553620 TI - [Psychological processes in nursing. Lessons from interactions with patients]. PMID- 6553621 TI - [Psychological processes in nursing. Scenes facing death: a serious struggle to live]. PMID- 6553622 TI - [Bedside nursing. Reflections on nursing of Mrs. N. who was in the terminal stage of cancer: reflections 2 years later by individual nurses]. PMID- 6553623 TI - [A thought on psychiatric nursing through interactions with a schizophrenic patient plagued with a concern for her own body odor]. PMID- 6553624 TI - [Life at a psychiatric ward. 2. Escape of patients to freedom]. PMID- 6553625 TI - [Preparation for the examination by CGFNS (Commission on Graduates of Foreign Nursing Schools)]. PMID- 6553626 TI - [Ambulatory nursing conference. 12. At the Life Planning Center Clinic. Approach to cancer patients: handling of cancer patients and those suspected of having cancer]. PMID- 6553627 TI - [Clinical aspects of adolescence. 10. A violent high school student who refused to go to school and ran away from home]. PMID- 6553628 TI - [Clinical significance of alcohols. 2. The status of drinking in Japan]. PMID- 6553629 TI - [Questions and answers on oral diseases. 11. Current prosthodontic technics]. PMID- 6553630 TI - [Understanding of patients through the Balint method. 2. Importance of motivation]. PMID- 6553631 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Mr. Haruo Watanabe who is an active volunteer for crisis intervention]. PMID- 6553632 TI - [Report from Nepal. 2. Cultural gaps]. PMID- 6553633 TI - [Ambulatory nursing. A report from Shiota Clinic. 2. Valuable patient education]. PMID- 6553635 TI - [Treatment of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6553634 TI - [Clinical features of ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6553636 TI - [Current treatment of ulcerative colitis in internal medicine]. PMID- 6553637 TI - [Surgical management of ulcerative colitis; indications and current operative care]. PMID- 6553638 TI - [Psychosomatic approach to ulcerative colitis patients]. PMID- 6553639 TI - [Nursing standards of ulcerative colitis patients; examination of basic data]. PMID- 6553640 TI - [Problems and management of nutrient intake of ulcerative colitis patients]. PMID- 6553641 TI - [Coping with melena, keeping bed rest]. PMID- 6553642 TI - [Causes of ulcerative colitis and living environment]. PMID- 6553643 TI - [Nursing care of the ulcerative colitis patient who repeats remission and exacerbation]. PMID- 6553644 TI - [Stoma care and nursing care for ileostomy patients due to ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6553645 TI - [Discussion about psychologic approach toward an ulcerative colitis patient]. PMID- 6553646 TI - [An essay on the nursing care and treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer patient]. PMID- 6553647 TI - [Nursing care of a patient with acute leukemia complicating genital ulcer and pharyngeal ulcer]. PMID- 6553648 TI - [Nursing care of an erythema multiforme syndrome patient]. PMID- 6553649 TI - [Diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal disease]. PMID- 6553650 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of the patient with upper gastrointestinal diseases: significance and method]. PMID- 6553651 TI - [Current management for urination dysfunction (1). Disturbance of urination; physiology and dysfunction]. PMID- 6553652 TI - [Medical electronics: lecture for nurses (9). Oxygen mask, oximeter, bomb and pulmonary ventilation meter]. PMID- 6553653 TI - [Nursing diagnosis--the weak link]. PMID- 6553654 TI - [Activities of a public health nurse: care of a child with a heart defect]. PMID- 6553655 TI - [National Public Health Nursing activities at Gunma Prefecture reflected in a personal history]. PMID- 6553656 TI - [Focal point in the actual nursing scene in re-evaluation and prospect of primary health care: a view on public health nursing]. PMID- 6553657 TI - [Cases of diabetes mellitus in women through marriage and childbirth]. PMID- 6553658 TI - [Role of a public health nurse in health care of the aged--an experience at a public health clinic in a special area in Tokyo]. PMID- 6553659 TI - [Public health planning and the plan for tuberculosis prevention at Hajima Public Health Clinic]. PMID- 6553660 TI - [Effect of group training in stroke rehabilitation--group training and the significance of active participation by patients' families and nurses]. PMID- 6553661 TI - [Community care practiced at the Shinagawa Ward: an example of the care of a child with muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6553662 TI - [Home nursing records to improve the quality of nursing activities: achievement of the research group of Nagasaki Prefecture section of the Japanese Nursing Association. A discussion]. PMID- 6553663 TI - [Evaluation of home visiting records]. PMID- 6553664 TI - [Nursing records and clinical cases]. PMID- 6553665 TI - [Technics in health education and case records: value of case records in health care education associated with home nursing]. PMID- 6553666 TI - [Re-evaluation of the "recognition of problems" by public health workers: deeper understanding of the object by proper focusing on the scene]. PMID- 6553667 TI - [Public health nursing activities in Nepal]. PMID- 6553668 TI - [Mother at the center of the family--sessions for training leaders in family health]. PMID- 6553669 TI - [Creation of a system for efficient public health nursing: a question of the relationship with administrative personnel]. PMID- 6553670 TI - [Creation of a system for efficient public health nursing: re-evaluation of the starting point in public health nursing]. PMID- 6553671 TI - [Creation of a system for efficient public health nursing: an overview of activities by division of labor]. PMID- 6553672 TI - [Functions of nurses and administrative personnel. A discussion]. PMID- 6553673 TI - [Importance of public health nursing education]. PMID- 6553674 TI - [The concept of 'recognition' in public health nursing; reflection on nursing scenes by a public health worker--based on clinical studies]. PMID- 6553675 TI - [Clinical training of public health nursing students at public health clinics]. PMID- 6553676 TI - [Status of regional public health activities and nursing training in Thailand- with special reference to public health nursing in Rajburi Province]. PMID- 6553677 TI - [Survey on attitudes and practice concerning breast feeding (2)]. PMID- 6553679 TI - [On American nursing--an experience of culture shock]. PMID- 6553678 TI - [Nurses are expert housekeepers]. PMID- 6553680 TI - [Better interpersonal relationship through better daily living skill]. PMID- 6553681 TI - [Systematic nursing--Nursing process in practice]. PMID- 6553682 TI - [JNA information - JNA advanced school for nurse teachers and researchers expands programme]. PMID- 6553683 TI - [Student nurses develop daily living skills through their dormitory life]. PMID- 6553684 TI - [Nursing students and students of other disciplines]. PMID- 6553685 TI - [Parent effectiveness training and nursing]. PMID- 6553686 TI - [Efforts and skills for better living lead to better nursing care]. PMID- 6553687 TI - [Fluctuation of blood pressure readings of healthy women according to the conditions of measurement]. PMID- 6553689 TI - [A nurse is there to offer help at that moment. Answering questions concerning death and nursing]. PMID- 6553688 TI - [Death and I]. PMID- 6553690 TI - [Caring for mothers and babies--nursing skill using food]. PMID- 6553691 TI - [Yae Ajimoto, a public health nurse providing sex education for young families]. PMID- 6553692 TI - [Nutrition, silicone and cancer of the esophagus. Linolein and atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6553693 TI - [Psychosomatic disorder]. PMID- 6553694 TI - [To know more about the law concerning PHNs, midwives and nurses]. PMID- 6553695 TI - An inherited defect in the C3 convertase, C3b,Bb, associated with glomerulonephritis. AB - The control of the amplification C3 convertase, C3b,Bb, of the serum complement system has been found to be defective in five members of a family spanning three generations. One of the five has membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) type III and another has mild idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The defect is manifested by low serum concentrations of C3 and usually factor B with normal levels of the proteins which control the convertase, H and I. C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) was not demonstrable. Enhanced C3 conversion was produced by the incubation of their serum at 37 degrees C for 30 min. This conversion was further accelerated by incubation after increasing the serum magnesium concentration by increments ranging from 0.25 to 1.9 mM. Incremental additions of H to serum depleted of H indicated that the amplification convertase of affected family members required more H for its inhibition than did that of normal subjects. This requirement was reduced by the addition of purified normal C3 but not by the addition of purified C3 of the propositus. It is postulated that affected family members are heterozygous for a gene producing an abnormal C3 which, as a constituent of the amplification convertase, C3b,Bb, confers resistance to H. Investigation of this apparently nephritogenic defect may provide insight into the pathogenesis of these glomerulonephritides. PMID- 6553696 TI - Evolution of the national disease prevention and health promotion strategy: establishing a role for the schools. AB - The history and evolution, during the past decade, of the national disease prevention and health promotion strategy is recounted, culminating with a description of the national prevention objectives. Objectives that directly could be attained by: (1) school health education; (2) school health services; (3) efforts to ensure healthy school environments; and (4) school physical education programs are delineated, as are objectives that could be influenced in important ways by school health programs. The nation's schools could contribute significantly and measurably toward improving the health of all Americans, if school health professionals, individually as well as within their various organizations, could seize and create opportunities to work with other health and educational professionals, and the public, to impel and enable schools to attain relevant national prevention objectives. PMID- 6553697 TI - Awareness, knowledge and perceived risk for toxic shock syndrome in relation to health behavior. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship of awareness, knowledge and perceived risk for toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in relation to health behavior. Female college students at a large urban university responded to an 18 item multiple choice questionnaire. The data obtained revealed a high awareness among the 306 subjects who participated in the study, yet many of these women lacked essential knowledge about TSS. Perceived knowledge and perceived risk for developing TSS were significantly related to: (1) menstrual product used before an awareness of TSS; (2) menstrual product presently used; and (3) changing menstrual products due to a concern for TSS. Actual knowledge was also found to be related to the subjects' changing menstrual products due to a concern for TSS. Twenty-one percent of the subjects in this study actually did change their health behavior due to a concern for TSS. PMID- 6553698 TI - A survey of physician consultations in an urban school district. AB - A survey of physician encounters was conducted in a large, urban school district following the institution of consultative, rather than full-time, school physician services. Review of the encounter data over a six-month period revealed that: (a) the majority of consultations related to the problems of individual children; (b) there was a high prevalence of behavioral and psychosocial issues among the problems addressed; and (c) physicians were prominently involved in cross-disciplinary interactions. The survey provides an analysis of physician utilization under an emerging model of school health services in which physicians serve as consultant members of a medical and educational team. PMID- 6553699 TI - Historical trends in the use of television in health education. AB - Although health education is a relatively new professional discipline, health educators have actively utilized television for informational and persuasive purposes since its inception as a public mass medium. Informational messages have been developed for classroom and public television, while persuasive messages have been developed for commercial television. With the current health education emphasis on developing and maintaining behaviors conductive to health, the school health educator can blend both informational and persuasive methods to create a more dynamic classroom teaching environment. PMID- 6553700 TI - School nurse demonstrates that mini-grant funding can improve elementary nutrition education. AB - The purpose of this demonstration project was to determine whether the school nurse can facilitate changes in the health education curriculum. By making resources and a packaged curriculum available to teachers, and by offering in service education about these materials, teachers were willing to spend more classroom time on nutrition. The students in each grade level K-6 experienced significant gains in knowledge because of the increased time allotment and the utilization of available materials. It appears that the school nurse can have a positive effect on the health education curriculum. PMID- 6553701 TI - Comparative ratings of printed nutrition materials developed by industry and government producers. AB - The question of the appropriateness of using materials developed by industry in the nation's classrooms has been raised by educators for many years. The purpose of this study was to investigate the quality of supplemental, printed nutrition materials developed by the food industry, food industry associations, and government agencies for the classroom. The quality of the materials was rated by three rater types: (1) classroom teachers; (2) curriculum specialists; and (3) nutrition specialists. Because the ratings were so varied, it was not possible to make a recommendation as to the overall appropriateness of using sponsored materials in the classroom. Some materials were rated very high; others were not so well reviewed. Educators need to review each item for its quality and appropriateness. PMID- 6553702 TI - When and what if microcomputers invaded school health education? AB - Microcomputers could potentially represent the most exciting technological innovation in school health education. Both the technical capabilities and current constraints of microcomputer-based health education programs were reviewed. Based on this review the relatively economical, convenient, and educationally dynamic features of microcomputers were related to potential health education applications. However, current shortages in appropriate health education software limit the widespread utilization of microcomputers in the health education classroom. When microcomputer-based health education programs become more extensively available, the teaching of health can be revolutionized. Customized health education involving microcomputer-generated visual and auditory simulations and the dramatization of students' responses were envisioned. Furthermore, microcomputer-based health education programs that could be electronically transmitted to the 80% of American homes that will have microcomputers in 1990 will facilitate the provision of life-long and pervasive health education. PMID- 6553703 TI - Stand up! Speak out! Show off! PMID- 6553704 TI - [Skills required of nurses in high-technological medicine]. PMID- 6553705 TI - [Management and enlightening of ward nurses]. PMID- 6553706 TI - [The task aiming at the career development of nurses in Japan]. PMID- 6553707 TI - [Clinical ladder: a means of career recognition and reward for clinical competence]. PMID- 6553708 TI - [Role of the nurse in complex and advanced medicine]. PMID- 6553710 TI - [People: new clinical image (14) Birth of modern science and mind-body dualism]. PMID- 6553709 TI - [Link of general and professional education for nursing students: report of the instructor's meeting in general educational subjects in Thailand]. PMID- 6553711 TI - [Initiation of QC circle and problem-solving technique]. PMID- 6553712 TI - [The work of nurses in the high-technology medical care and formation of nursing skills]. PMID- 6553713 TI - [Evaluation of inservice education by sensitivity training]. PMID- 6553714 TI - [Clinical practicum and its process (14). Clinical instruction of a student nurse caring for a child who initially refused her]. PMID- 6553715 TI - [Lessons and curriculum in school (14). Instruction for nursing students in order to develop their thinking process]. PMID- 6553716 TI - [Seminar on concept of nursing for nursing students]. PMID- 6553717 TI - [Need of community nursing education]. PMID- 6553718 TI - [Community health nursing practice and nursing seminar for citizens]. PMID- 6553719 TI - [Voluntary activity of nurse students in the community]. PMID- 6553720 TI - [Necessity of more practical teaching--learning method for nurse students to develop their personality in the community]. PMID- 6553721 TI - [Patterns of connection of school and the community]. PMID- 6553722 TI - ["Exclusion: a study of depersonalization in health care"]. PMID- 6553723 TI - [A discussion about the meaning of life for aged people]. PMID- 6553724 TI - [Consciousness and human beings]. PMID- 6553725 TI - [Nursing administration; theory for practice with a systems approach]. PMID- 6553726 TI - [Research on reporting from shift to shift in hospitals]. PMID- 6553727 TI - [Instruction of nursing practice in the infirmary of general internal medicine]. PMID- 6553728 TI - [Instruction for nurse students in order to develop their thinking process]. PMID- 6553729 TI - [Understanding of patient in maternal nursing]. PMID- 6553730 TI - N.S.W. State superannuation fund. A report on the recent history and development of the proposed 'package of amendments'. PMID- 6553731 TI - 'Wages and conditions freeze--the implications for NSW nurses'. PMID- 6553732 TI - [Acute glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6553733 TI - [Paranephritis]. PMID- 6553734 TI - [Prevention of complications in the administration of muscle relaxants in anesthesiologic practice]. PMID- 6553735 TI - [Closed injuries to the scrotum]. PMID- 6553736 TI - [Effect of carbon monoxide poisoning on the nervous system]. PMID- 6553737 TI - [Use of the sauna in hypertension]. PMID- 6553738 TI - [Work of medical personnel in a resuscitation and intensive therapy ward]. PMID- 6553739 TI - [Role of the nurse in performing an x-ray study]. PMID- 6553740 TI - [Effect of therapeutic fasting diets on clinical metabolic indices]. PMID- 6553741 TI - [Conservative treatment of suppurative sinusitis]. PMID- 6553742 TI - [Prevention and treatment of postinjection abscesses]. PMID- 6553743 TI - [Use of a 5 percent dioxidine ointment in pyoderma and microbial eczema]. PMID- 6553744 TI - [Medical gymnastics in rehabilitating patients with an injury to the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 6553745 TI - [Characteristics of the work of the nurse in the examining room of the ENT department]. PMID- 6553746 TI - [Use of jet injectors for mass tuberculin diagnosis]. PMID- 6553747 TI - [Modified method of determining the specific gravity of urine]. PMID- 6553748 TI - [Automatic device for drip infusion systems]. PMID- 6553749 TI - [Appliance for drying electrophoregrams]. PMID- 6553750 TI - [Organization of the nutrition and care of patients with maxillofacial injuries]. PMID- 6553751 TI - [Care of patients with borderline states]. PMID- 6553752 TI - [Clinical significance of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate]. PMID- 6553753 TI - [Iron-deficiency anemias]. PMID- 6553754 TI - [Role of the nurse in keeping a medical secret]. PMID- 6553755 TI - [Role of the nurse in relations with the patient's relatives]. PMID- 6553756 TI - [Forms of health education work with children in a Pioneer camp]. PMID- 6553757 TI - [Harmful habit]. PMID- 6553758 TI - [Work of the Nurses' Council]. PMID- 6553759 TI - [Medical secret]. PMID- 6553760 TI - [Ethics of the interrelationships of the patient, his relatives and the nurse]. PMID- 6553761 TI - Questions and answers for nurses about care of breastfeeding women. PMID- 6553762 TI - The family and health. PMID- 6553763 TI - Summary of a survey on antenatal expression. PMID- 6553764 TI - Catalysis of the reduction of vanadate by psychotropic drugs. AB - It has been suggested that vanadium may be of aetiological importance in manic depressive psychosis. Therefore, the ability of psychotropic drugs to catalyze the reduction of vanadate ion by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was investigated. The most active drug was methylene blue but all the phenothiazines and all the monoamine oxidase inhibitors tested showed catalytic activity. A large number of drugs showed no catalytic activity, eg. tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines. PMID- 6553765 TI - Uninsured and underserved: inequities in health care in the United States. PMID- 6553766 TI - Rate regulation as a strategy for hospital cost control: evidence from the last decade. PMID- 6553767 TI - Community involvement in combating abuse, neglect, and mistreatment in nursing homes. PMID- 6553768 TI - The relative importance of physician-induced demand in the demand for medical care. PMID- 6553769 TI - Encouraging altruism: public attitudes and the marketing of organ donation. PMID- 6553770 TI - The cost dimension of the national joint practice commission demonstration project. PMID- 6553771 TI - How community health nurses spend their time: a study report. PMID- 6553772 TI - A clinical career pathway: the Mount Sinai experience, part 2. PMID- 6553773 TI - Breaking barriers: educating a deaf nursing student. PMID- 6553774 TI - Diuretics. PMID- 6553775 TI - Sharing: state-of-the-heart nursing. PMID- 6553777 TI - Three new antidepressants amoxapine, maprotiline, and trazodone. PMID- 6553778 TI - The roles nurses play during a code. PMID- 6553779 TI - Tips for improving your venipuncture techniques. PMID- 6553780 TI - Ready or not, here comes your patient on lithium. PMID- 6553781 TI - Coronary artery spasm. PMID- 6553782 TI - Jaundice: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6553783 TI - Glycohemoglobin: a new test to help the diabetic stay in control. PMID- 6553784 TI - Bring help and hope to the patient with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6553785 TI - Planning home care for burn patients. PMID- 6553786 TI - Assessing breath sounds. PMID- 6553787 TI - Managing neurologic injuries. PMID- 6553788 TI - Test your knowledge of trauma and diabetes nursing care. PMID- 6553789 TI - [The search for identity in adolescence]. PMID- 6553790 TI - [In psychiatry: a stimulating group therapy]. PMID- 6553791 TI - Art and science of management: staving off anxiety. PMID- 6553792 TI - Managing unit human resources: a microcomputer model. PMID- 6553793 TI - Introducing nurses to computer world. PMID- 6553794 TI - Computerized nursing information system (NIS). PMID- 6553795 TI - Should computers be used in the nursing care of patients? PMID- 6553796 TI - Summer externs: easing the transition. PMID- 6553797 TI - Law: wrongful birth. PMID- 6553798 TI - Decisions: forging the missing link. PMID- 6553799 TI - Head nurses face reality shock, too! PMID- 6553800 TI - On being fully alive--as a person and as a nurse. PMID- 6553801 TI - Simulation: the key to learning. PMID- 6553802 TI - Practical management course. Module 2: Discipline: who owns the responsibility? (continuing education). PMID- 6553803 TI - The law and other liabilities. PMID- 6553805 TI - Dressings: why the inconsistency? PMID- 6553804 TI - Will honey bees act as environmental watch dogs? PMID- 6553806 TI - First aid provision and the payment of volunteers. PMID- 6553807 TI - Health care in the Solomons. PMID- 6553808 TI - Prevention and treatment of hydrofluoric acid burns. PMID- 6553809 TI - Medical hazards in metal processes. PMID- 6553810 TI - Evaluating the dysmorphic child. PMID- 6553811 TI - Nursing in the Third World: from problem to passport. PMID- 6553812 TI - Growing up healthy: the Chinese experience. PMID- 6553813 TI - The counterpart system in international nursing. PMID- 6553814 TI - The pediatric nurse practitioner in South East Asia: a personal account. PMID- 6553815 TI - International nursing with project HOPE. PMID- 6553817 TI - Assessing readability of patient information materials. PMID- 6553816 TI - Sleep disturbance in infants aged 6 to 12 months. PMID- 6553818 TI - Body rocking, head banging, and head rolling: an analysis of rhythmic motor activities in normal infants. PMID- 6553819 TI - Adolescent hypertension and significant variables: weight, height, and skinfold thickness. PMID- 6553820 TI - Pediatric management problems (secondary reactive encopresis). PMID- 6553821 TI - Cardiovascular effects of surfactant suspensions given by tracheal instillation to premature lambs. AB - After delivery by cesarean section at 133-136 days gestational age, 18 lambs were supported with infant ventilators. Peak inspiratory pressure was the only ventilator setting that was changed in an attempt to normalize PCO2. The lambs were retrospectively divided into two groups based on their respiratory status before treatment. Ten lambs with PCO2 values of 38 +/- 2 mmHg (mean +/- S.E.) at 5 h of age were treated with a 15-ml suspension containing 50 mg natural sheep surfactant lipid/kg body weight. After surfactant instillation, pH fell, PCO2 increased and compliance/kg decreased transiently. Surfactant treatment did not reduce the respiratory support that these lambs required. Eight lambs with PCO2 values of 68 +/- 3 mmHg at 3 +/- 0.8 h of age responded to surfactant instillation with a decrease in PCO2 and an increase in PO2 and pH. In both groups of lambs heart rates, mean aortic pressures, and mean pulmonary artery pressures changed little after surfactant instillation. Cardiac outputs and regional blood flows measured before and after surfactant treatment were unchanged. Instillation of surfactant suspensions to premature lambs did not adversely affect cardiovascular status; however, some lambs did have a transient deterioration of lung function after surfactant instillation. PMID- 6553822 TI - Factors associated with the seclusion of psychiatric patients. AB - Records of adult psychiatric patients in a university hospital revealed 116 patients had been secluded on 263 occasions during one year. Seclusion was more frequent in winter and spring, and during the late night and early morning, but there was no relationship between seclusion and lunar cycle, week day, weather, menstrual cycle, or month of birth. More males than females were secluded, but females had more multiple seclusions. A control group matched for ward, sex, and within ten years of age consisted of 108 patients. The most common diagnoses for both groups were the major affective disorders and schizophrenia. PMID- 6553823 TI - Preventing violent behavior. An integrated theoretical model for nursing. PMID- 6553824 TI - "The White Hotel" revisited. PMID- 6553825 TI - An essay on the art of nursing. PMID- 6553826 TI - Medication groups on an acute psychiatric unit. PMID- 6553827 TI - All for one, one for all? PMID- 6553828 TI - Organic psychiatric disorders--1. The assessment of patients. PMID- 6553829 TI - Problems in assessing nursing students. PMID- 6553830 TI - Demonstrating health visiting. PMID- 6553831 TI - Uptake on gastrointestinal endoscopy. 2. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. PMID- 6553833 TI - Helping people to stop smoking. PMID- 6553832 TI - Contact tracing in the control of infectious disease. PMID- 6553834 TI - Nursing care study: the prodigal son. PMID- 6553835 TI - Who cares for the carers? PMID- 6553836 TI - In-service training. 1. Continuing education in the USA. PMID- 6553837 TI - In-service training. 2. On-the-job training in the UK. PMID- 6553839 TI - Organic psychiatric disorders--2. Assessment of the mental state. PMID- 6553838 TI - In-service training. 3. Identification of the training needs of sisters and charge nurses. PMID- 6553840 TI - Pressure sores. 1. Positive living or negative existence? PMID- 6553841 TI - Pressure sores. 2. Mattresses to prevent pressure sores. PMID- 6553842 TI - Pressure sores. 3. Tissue viability nurse--a new post. PMID- 6553843 TI - 1. Detecting child abuse. PMID- 6553845 TI - Social workers v. CPNs. PMID- 6553844 TI - Update on gastrointestinal endoscopy. 3. Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. PMID- 6553846 TI - Breast feeding: fertility regulation and its social importance. PMID- 6553847 TI - Pulmonary function laboratory: a study in specialized care. PMID- 6553848 TI - Helping the handicapped. PMID- 6553849 TI - Our plan for action: homes fit for nurses. PMID- 6553850 TI - Telephone service for residents. PMID- 6553851 TI - Apathy rules--it's not OK. PMID- 6553853 TI - Colleague, collaborator or handmaiden? PMID- 6553852 TI - Student assessment: does it work? PMID- 6553854 TI - Nursing process 5: endless paperwork? PMID- 6553855 TI - Students' forum: the art of health. PMID- 6553856 TI - Cardiovascular function. PMID- 6553857 TI - Shipwrecked in my body. PMID- 6553859 TI - Nursing care study: take heart. PMID- 6553858 TI - Too young to die. PMID- 6553860 TI - Nursing care study: inoperable carcinoma. PMID- 6553861 TI - Careers: community psychiatric nursing. PMID- 6553862 TI - Nursing Mirror Midwifery Forum 6. Natural childbirth in Pithiviers. PMID- 6553863 TI - Control of infection--4th November infection control. PMID- 6553864 TI - Case history series. Tetanus: a nursing care study. PMID- 6553865 TI - Issues in intensive care nursing. PMID- 6553866 TI - Research project: computerized monitoring in ICU. PMID- 6553867 TI - Fighting fire. PMID- 6553868 TI - Homes fit for nursing: keeping up the momentum. PMID- 6553869 TI - Employees' obligations. PMID- 6553870 TI - Matters of conscience: open secrets. PMID- 6553871 TI - Design in health care. Problem of back injuries in nursing. Taking the strain. PMID- 6553872 TI - Design in health care. Operation robot. PMID- 6553873 TI - Design in health care. Sharing the load. PMID- 6553875 TI - Adaptation theory. PMID- 6553874 TI - Design in health care. Backing education. PMID- 6553876 TI - Nursing officer-a personal view. PMID- 6553877 TI - Nursing process 6. Unity--with diversity. PMID- 6553878 TI - Reorganization. Battle of the bands. PMID- 6553879 TI - The face of agony. PMID- 6553880 TI - Fractured femur. PMID- 6553881 TI - Careers: counselling. PMID- 6553882 TI - Nursing Mirror Community Forum 6. Mental illness in schoolchildren. PMID- 6553883 TI - Rapid rise in caesarean sections. PMID- 6553884 TI - New statutory framework: the bodies in question. PMID- 6553885 TI - New statutory framework: north of the border. PMID- 6553887 TI - New statutory framework: looking forward with enthusiasm. PMID- 6553886 TI - New statutory framework: rough passage ahead. PMID- 6553888 TI - Caring for the elderly: emotional rescue. PMID- 6553889 TI - Caring for the elderly: too much to bear. PMID- 6553890 TI - Caring for the elderly: it was my duty to care for her. PMID- 6553891 TI - Caring for the elderly: not ready to die. PMID- 6553892 TI - On the scrapheap. PMID- 6553893 TI - Nursing in America: hard work and sunshine. PMID- 6553894 TI - Confessions of a newly-qualified staff nurse. PMID- 6553895 TI - Where did it go wrong? PMID- 6553896 TI - A message from Moscow. PMID- 6553897 TI - Diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6553898 TI - Sex change operation. PMID- 6553899 TI - Politics with a small p. PMID- 6553900 TI - Child psychiatric therapy. PMID- 6553901 TI - A method for assessing the rehabilitation needs of oncology outpatients. PMID- 6553902 TI - Using site-specific nursing algorithms as an adjunct to oncology nursing guidelines. PMID- 6553903 TI - Metoclopramide therapy for chemotherapy -- induced nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6553904 TI - Integration of the community health nurse in a hospital-based hospice program. PMID- 6553906 TI - 1982: a local chapter's charter year. PMID- 6553905 TI - The Nielsen-Hyman Oncology Case Study Rating Scale. PMID- 6553907 TI - An overview of the oncology clinical nurse specialist role. PMID- 6553908 TI - Highlights of the 8th annual congress. Text of the Keynote Address: if not now, when? PMID- 6553909 TI - Research on problems of chronicity in childhood cancer. PMID- 6553910 TI - Psychologic factors: their effect on nausea and vomiting experienced by clients receiving chemotherapy. PMID- 6553911 TI - Research questions and answers research: the problem and the purpose. PMID- 6553912 TI - Guidelines for nursing care of patients with a knowledge deficit. PMID- 6553913 TI - Fc-receptor function in Henoch-Schonlein disease of childhood. AB - The Fc-receptor function of circulating monocytes (CM) and/or of splenic macrophages (SM) was followed in eight children presenting with rheumatoid purpura. The Fc-receptor of CM and/or of SM was decreased in all cases during the acute phase of the disease without any correlation with the plasma values of C3, C4, C3PA or immune complexes. When a clinical improvement occurred, a reversal of the Fc-receptor blockade was noted. In contrast, the Fc-receptor function remained abnormal in three children with persistent nephritis. The sequential measurement of Fc-receptor function may be of predictive value in rheumatoid purpura of childhood. PMID- 6553914 TI - [Factors determining human sexuality]. PMID- 6553916 TI - [Let us create a system of motivation]. PMID- 6553915 TI - [Effect of evaluation on the worker]. PMID- 6553917 TI - [Employment of holders of a Master of Nursing]. PMID- 6553918 TI - [Temperament and the treatment of tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6553919 TI - [Nursing care for the patient in traction]. PMID- 6553920 TI - [Trace elements in obstetrics]. PMID- 6553921 TI - [Social and occupational adaptation]. PMID- 6553923 TI - [Metabolic disorders in surgery]. PMID- 6553922 TI - [Nursing care and psychotherapy]. PMID- 6553924 TI - [Exchanges of experience]. PMID- 6553925 TI - [1st step in independence]. PMID- 6553927 TI - [Legal health protection]. PMID- 6553926 TI - [Obesity]. PMID- 6553928 TI - [So that young women might want to want]. PMID- 6553929 TI - [Section for the teacher of the profession]. PMID- 6553930 TI - [Bacterial resistance to chemotherapeutic agents]. PMID- 6553931 TI - [Early diagnosis of ovarian cancer]. PMID- 6553932 TI - [Maternity in juveniles]. PMID- 6553933 TI - Symposium on hypertension in office practice. PMID- 6553934 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy. AB - Blood pressure; extracellular fluid volume; renal plasma flow; glomerular filtration rate; plasma concentrations of renin, angiotensin, aldosterone, desoxycorticosterone, and prostaglandins; responses to infused angiotensin; and many other factors are altered during normal and hypertensive gestation. The diagnosis of the exact disease process responsible for hypertension in pregnancy in an individual patient is extremely difficult if based solely on clinical criteria. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has suggested the following clinical classifications: (1) preeclampsia-eclampsia, (2) chronic hypertension of whatever cause, (3) chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia, and (4) late or transient hypertension. The three broad categories of renal disease responsible for these clinical syndromes are: (1) preeclampsia eclampsia, (2) hypertensive changes, and (3) various primary renal diseases. Controversy abounds regarding the aggressiveness of therapy in this syndrome. We prefer a middle-of-the-road approach, bringing blood pressure down to the range of 95 to 100 mm Hg. Hydralazine and Aldomet are the usual drugs of choice. Any intervening nervous system hyperexcitability suggests impending eclampsia and should be immediately treated with magnesium sulfate. The long-term prognosis for the mother with pure preeclampsia appears to be excellent. Most infants born of hypertensive gestations are small for date, with a prognosis that is also affected by the underlying disease of the mother. PMID- 6553935 TI - Hypertension in children and adolescents. PMID- 6553936 TI - Hypertension in the elderly. AB - There is no doubt that hypertension is of importance to the health of the elderly, in terms of both mortality and disability. There is mounting evidence that antihypertensive therapy is effective in reducing target organ disease. More data are needed to arrive at optimal treatment regimens and to examine the efficacy of therapy in pure systolic hypertension. A stepped care, cautious approach to therapy should prove to be safe and beneficial. PMID- 6553937 TI - Strategies to improve patient compliance with antihypertensive therapy. AB - Compliance is a critical issue in the treatment of hypertension. Strategies designed for individual patients, based on an analysis of their specific personality characteristics, are probably the most productive. At present, however, necessary educational diagnoses cannot easily be made. Therefore, more general strategies involving simplification of the treatment regimen, stimuli to appropriate behavior, positive reinforcement, increased attention by providers, and open communications should be employed. These are of particular value for patients with inadequately controlled blood pressure who admit to noncompliance. PMID- 6553938 TI - Hypertension and atherosclerosis: therapeutic implications. PMID- 6553939 TI - Hypertensive crises. PMID- 6553940 TI - Pheochromocytoma. Current concepts in diagnosis, localization, and management. PMID- 6553941 TI - The adrenal cortex and hypertension. PMID- 6553942 TI - Professional association membership of nurses: factors affecting membership and the decision to join an association. AB - In this article factors such as education, employment characteristics, and association benefits which are associated with nurses joining and remaining in professional nursing associations are identified. The impact of these factors on association membership was determined through a survey of 225 nurses in one midwestern state. On the basis of these empirical results recommendations are made which should be useful to professional associations seeking to attract new members and keep their present ones. PMID- 6553943 TI - Predicting tenure decisions of psychiatric nursing assistants: individual and work-related factors. AB - Models were developed to predict the tenure status of 106 psychiatric nursing assistants at 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning employment at a large public psychiatric inpatient facility. The attrition rate of this sample was 40% which was consistent with trends reported in the literature. The predictive power of four groups of variables--personal, training, ward related, and organizational- was shown to change over time. Personal and training variables were significant early determinants of tenure, while ward and organizational factors gained more importance during the course of the year. Certain factors that appear important in reducing turnover of nursing assistants are discussed, with recommendations for program changes. PMID- 6553944 TI - Correlates of caregiving satisfaction: prerequisites to elder home care. AB - In this comparative study, a path analytic model was used to identify variables predictive of satisfaction in providing care to elderly family members, and to determine differences in the predictor variables between past and present caregivers as potential precipitators of institutionalization. Nineteen current caregivers and 29 past caregivers were recruited from health agencies in a rural area. Demographic predictors of caregiving satisfaction included age and sex of the client and age of the caregiver; psychological problems of the client influenced caregiver satisfaction. Measures of situational stress (medical, psychological, environmental) revealed that the past caregivers had higher psychological and environmental stress and less life satisfaction than current caregivers. Additional analysis revealed that the most common pattern of nursing home admission was hospitalization of the client for physical illness, with subsequent physician-recommended nursing home placement. Areas of identified need for preventing premature relinquishing of the caregiving role are discussed. PMID- 6553945 TI - Relationship of age, American College Testing scores, grade point average, and State Board Examination scores. AB - The relationships between age and American College Testing (ACT) scores to college grade point average (GPA), and State Board scores were studied. The sample consisted of 787 persons admitted by two different procedures to an associate degree nursing program over a 10-year period. An age bias was found with significant negative correlations for each ACT score and age. The proportion of older students who graduated and passed the State Board examinations was significantly higher than the proportion of younger students. The two admission procedures resulted in similar rates for graduation and State Board passage. Age and ACT scores were not correlated with the GPA. Age and ACT scores, with the exception of mathematics, were positively correlated with the State Board scores. PMID- 6553946 TI - Psychometrics in nursing research--further development of the Interpersonal Conflict scale. AB - The importance of ongoing refinement of measurement tools is illustrated by describing the methodology for further development of an Interpersonal Conflict scale. A third dimension, that of Sexual Need, was defined and added to the original sub-scales of Interaction Need and Emotional Need. Thirty-one Sexual Need items were formulated and incorporated into the original scale and the revised list was submitted to a sample of 212 subjects. The methods used to study content and face validity are discussed; factor analytic techniques for assessing construct validity and reliability of the Sexual Need dimension are presented. Six alternate forms of approximately equal reliability were developed for repeated measurements over time. The overall analyses are discussed within a framework of the relationship between fulfillment of psychosocial needs and marital conflict. PMID- 6553947 TI - Communicating probability in clinical reports: nurses' numerical associations to verbal expressions. AB - Verbal estimates of probability (such as likely or certain) commonly used in laboratory, radiological, and clinical reports may be a barrier to effective communication between health care professionals. In this study the investigators sought to determine whether a consensus of numerical meaning existed in a sample of nurses for each of 30 widely used verbal expressions of probability. Seventy female nurses enrolled in a graduate course were surveyed by means of a test retest procedure using a questionnaire designed to elicit assignments of numerical probability (0% to 100%). The results showed wide inconsistency both between subjects and within subjects. PMID- 6553949 TI - Winning through negotiation: how to solve those touchy interdepartmental disputes. PMID- 6553948 TI - Effects of thermal applications on the abdominal temperature of dogs. AB - The results of thermal applications to the abdomens of unrestrained, unanesthetized dogs are reported. A silicone rubber envelope through which water circulated at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 40 degrees, or 50 degrees C was applied. Skin surface, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intestinal, and colonic temperatures were measured after 90 minutes. Pad applications at 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees C significantly lowered skin surface and subcutaneous temperatures, while pad applications at 40 degrees and 50 degrees C significantly increased subcutaneous and skin surface temperatures. None of the pad applications had a significant effect on intraperitoneal, intestinal, or colonic temperatures. The findings indicate that a wide range of thermal applications to the abdominal skin of the dog do not alter deep abdominal temperatures. PMID- 6553950 TI - Hard bargain with a frightened patient. PMID- 6553951 TI - Informed consent: must you double-check the MD? PMID- 6553952 TI - Cardiac crisis: are you sure you know what to do? PMID- 6553953 TI - The breast lumps that aren't cancer. PMID- 6553954 TI - A helpful new handout for your ostomy patients. PMID- 6553955 TI - What to watch out for with nonthiazides. PMID- 6553957 TI - The day I faced the reality of abortion. PMID- 6553956 TI - Plague: alive, deadly, and all too easily misdiagnosed. PMID- 6553959 TI - Escape rhythms. PMID- 6553958 TI - Hospital security: the burden is still on you. PMID- 6553960 TI - Inter-professional conflict. PMID- 6553961 TI - College support for sick children's nurses. PMID- 6553962 TI - Personal plea by the Rcn General Secretary. Black report must not be left to die. PMID- 6553963 TI - Council urges members at all levels to speak out. Nationwide probe into cuts' effects. PMID- 6553964 TI - Triage--a nursing care system. PMID- 6553965 TI - [Breast cancer: prevention and detection]. PMID- 6553966 TI - [Therapeutics: hormone therapy for breast cancer]. PMID- 6553967 TI - [The nurse and chemotherapy for hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6553968 TI - [The role of the nurse in irradiation]. PMID- 6553969 TI - [Treating cancer patients at home]. PMID- 6553970 TI - [Treating cancer patients at home. Nurses and breast cancer in home hospitalization]. PMID- 6553971 TI - [Treating cancer patients at home. The nurse and weekly hospitalization]. PMID- 6553972 TI - [The nurse and rehabilitation]. PMID- 6553973 TI - [Living as before]. PMID- 6553974 TI - [Respiratory kinesitherapy]. PMID- 6553975 TI - [The alcoholic person: how to circumvent and understand him in 1983?]. PMID- 6553976 TI - [Alcoholism: portraits]. PMID- 6553977 TI - [Alcoholism: a means of not being there]. PMID- 6553978 TI - [Treating alcoholic patients]. PMID- 6553979 TI - [Three years for...a new life]. PMID- 6553980 TI - [From cider...to apple juice]. PMID- 6553981 TI - [Alcohol and medications]. PMID- 6553982 TI - [Alcoholism: physiopathology, complications]. PMID- 6553984 TI - [Rehabilitation of Dakin]. PMID- 6553983 TI - [Get ready ... set ... go!]. PMID- 6553985 TI - [Adolescents and contraception today]. PMID- 6553986 TI - [Nursing in Morocco]. PMID- 6553987 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases: a world-wide outbreak]. PMID- 6553988 TI - [Appropriate care for the blind child or the child with subnormal vision]. PMID- 6553989 TI - [Nursing process in community nursing--a proposal]. PMID- 6553990 TI - [Comparative study of the incidence of urinary tract infection in patients with an indwelling catheter connected to an open or closed collection system]. PMID- 6553991 TI - [Degree of visitor kinship and the emotional response of the infarct patient]. PMID- 6553992 TI - [Vaccination in the basic health services]. PMID- 6553993 TI - [Community nursing experience]. PMID- 6553994 TI - [Implications of ethical value in health actions]. PMID- 6553995 TI - [Reflections on the National Health System and on nursing]. PMID- 6553996 TI - [Nurse in school health]. PMID- 6553997 TI - [Nursing care in radiotherapy]. PMID- 6553998 TI - [Postoperative problems of cardiac surgery patients in the intensive therapy unit]. PMID- 6554000 TI - [Ideal hospital care--how to obtain it]. PMID- 6553999 TI - [Concerns in breast feeding. The knowledge of a group of primiparae in hospital delivery in Curitiba]. PMID- 6554001 TI - [Meningitis in La Rioja]. PMID- 6554002 TI - [Nursing and judicial responsibility]. PMID- 6554003 TI - [Periodical publications in Catalonia]. PMID- 6554004 TI - [Design of the pediatric nursing specialty]. PMID- 6554005 TI - [Nursing management, a challenge]. PMID- 6554006 TI - [Spain: the abortion battle]. PMID- 6554007 TI - [Abortion. Doctors, pro and/or con]. PMID- 6554008 TI - [Europe and the USA: abortion throughout the world]. PMID- 6554009 TI - [Abortion. Spain: the keys to the controversy]. PMID- 6554010 TI - [Abortion explained by a nurse]. PMID- 6554012 TI - [Origin of life]. PMID- 6554011 TI - [Literary but technical abortion]. PMID- 6554013 TI - [Cardiac physiology]. PMID- 6554014 TI - [Fractures: consolidation and complications]. PMID- 6554015 TI - [Primary nursing]. PMID- 6554016 TI - [Electrocution]. PMID- 6554017 TI - [Aging and nutrition. I]. PMID- 6554018 TI - [Cleanliness and disinfection, weapons in the fight]. PMID- 6554019 TI - [Gestation and delivery in ICU nurses]. PMID- 6554020 TI - [Health education of the individual adult]. PMID- 6554021 TI - [Hernan San Martin, a health professional. Interview by Juan Irigaray]. PMID- 6554022 TI - Elastolytic activity of alveolar macrophages in chronic bronchitis: comparison of current and former smokers. AB - We have compared the macrophage elastolytic activity of a group of current and former smokers with irreversible airflow obstruction. Elastolytic activity was determined in an initial bronchoalveolar lavage cell population and in alveolar macrophages cultured for three days, to investigate whether enhanced macrophage elastolytic activity alone is a determining factor in the susceptibility of some smokers to obstructive lung disease. Twenty current smokers and 12 former smokers who had abstained from smoking for at least three years were studied. All patients had spirometric evidence of irreversible air flow obstruction. Current smokers had a cell yield (mean +/- SD) of 138.7 +/- 36.4 X 10(6) cells (alveolar macrophages 94.2% +/- 2.1%) compared with 31.4 +/- 14.1 X 10(6) cells (macrophages 86.5% +/- 4.7%) in former smokers. Elastolytic activity in the initial lavage cell population from current and former smokers, measured with the synthetic elastase substrate succinyl-L-alanyl-L alanyl-L-alanine-p-nitroanilide, and expressed as the equivalent of 1 microgram of porcine pancreatic elastase, was respectively 0.113 +/- 0.003 and 0.096 +/- 0.004 microgram pancreatic elastase/mg cell protein. After three days in culture macrophage elastolytic activity in the current and former smokers' cells was respectively 0.107 +/- 0.006 and 0.011 +/- 0.001 microgram pancreatic elastase/mg cell protein (p less than 0.05). The elastase activity of the cultured alveolar macrophages from five current smokers had the inhibitor profile of a metalloproteinase. Our results indicate that enhanced macrophage elastolytic activity alone is not a determining factor in the susceptibility of some smokers to develop obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6554023 TI - On the interaction between human plasma kallikrein and C1-esterase inhibitor. AB - The kinetics of the reaction between human plasma kallikrein and C1-esterase inhibitor was studied in a purified system. By monitoring the inhibition reaction for extended periods of time, it was found to proceed in two consecutive steps, a fast reversible second-order binding step followed by a slower, irreversible first-order transition. The rate constants in this reaction model were determined, as well as the dissociation constant of the initial, reversible enzyme-inhibitor complex. Thus, at 37 degrees C the second-order rate constant k1 was found to be 5 X 10(4) M-1 . s-1, the first-order rate constant k2 was 5 X 10( 4) s-1, and the dissociation constant K was 1.5 X 10(-8) M. Heparin (28 U/ml) and 6-aminohexanoic acid (10 mM) had no effect on the k1 of the reaction. PMID- 6554024 TI - The amidolytic prekallikrein (PK) determination: enhanced PK activation after deep-freezing of patients' plasmas. PMID- 6554025 TI - [Changes in the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood and kidneys and their correction with unithiol in operations on the kidneys]. PMID- 6554027 TI - [Acquired multiple-drug resistance of a strain of salmonella typhi in a chronic carrier as a result of chemotherapy]. PMID- 6554026 TI - Serum complement 'supergenes' of the major histocompatibility complex in man (complotypes). AB - The loci for the complement proteins C2 and BF, and the two loci for C4 are closely linked to one another. In many hundreds of meioses no crossing over has been detected between these loci. In addition, the alleles of these four loci occur in specific combinations not predicted by their gene frequencies in much the same way as alleles of the Rh and MNS systems. These units are termed complotypes. There are 14 complotypes with frequencies in excess of 1% in our study population of normal sixth chromosomes from Caucasians. Since they are also intimately associated with HLA-DR, comploytypes may also be of importance in screening programs for transplantation. PMID- 6554028 TI - The conflicting demands of professionalism and unionism. PMID- 6554029 TI - The hunt. PMID- 6554030 TI - Separation of plasma kallikrein and a kallikrein-like plasminogen activator generated by acetone in rat plasma. AB - Plasminogen activator (PGA), kininogenase (Kase) and benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEe) activities generated in plasminogen-free rat plasma by incubation with acetone (23% v/v) at 22 degrees were purified. The activities passed unadsorbed through columns of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 (pH 7.8) and arginine methylester-Sepharose 4B (pH 8.5). Part of the activities (rat plasma kallikrein) was adsorbed onto a soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI)-Sepharose 4B column at pH 8.5. At pH 7.0 a fraction with higher ratios PGA/BAEe esterase and Kase/BAEe esterase was also adsorbed. Both fractions could be eluted with 5 mM sodium hydroxide. The fraction not adsorbed at pH 8.5, but adsorbed at pH 7.0 was designated low molecular weight plasminogen activator (LMr-PGA), a plasminogen activator fraction with higher molecular weight, but without esterase activity being also present (Berstad & Briseid 1982). LMr-PGA was strongly inhibited by tranexamic acid (AMCA) 0.10 mM, whereas the fraction designated rat plasma kallikrein was not. By polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Mr-values in the range 120,000 to 130,000 were established for native samples of both rat plasma kallikrein and LMr-PGA, whereas Mr-values of 78,000 to 80,000 were established after treatment with SDS. PMID- 6554031 TI - Laboratory evaluation of the serum dilution test in serious staphylococcal infection. AB - Four test media were studied to determine performance characteristics of serum dilution tests used to monitor antimicrobial therapy during serious Staphylococcus aureus infection being treated with highly protein-bound antibiotics. Serum inhibitory titers and serum bactericidal titers obtained with Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with calcium and magnesium were 3- to 16-fold higher than titers obtained with whole human serum buffered with N-2 hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). In cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton containing 5% albumin or in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton combined with an equal volume of human serum, titers were 2- to 5-fold higher than in whole human serum buffered with HEPES. Clinical or animal studies are needed to establish whether the higher titers observed with patient serum containing highly protein-bound drugs diluted in low protein-content media would foster inadequate dosage regiments. In the meantime, both infectious disease clinicians and microbiologists should be aware of this potential pitfall. PMID- 6554032 TI - Five new rare variants of the properdin factor B (BF) locus. AB - Investigations of local Minnesota whites and blacks demonstrated five new variants at the BF locus. All specimens were tested according to the recommended procedure of Mauff for proper nomenclature assignment and family data obtained when possible. This report brings the number of documented BF variants to 18. PMID- 6554033 TI - Smoking. The physiologic effects. PMID- 6554034 TI - Smoking. One way to stop. PMID- 6554035 TI - Nurses. The professionals who can't quit. PMID- 6554036 TI - Bladder control through biofeedback. PMID- 6554037 TI - Hospital hazards: diagnostic radiation. PMID- 6554038 TI - Parenthood postponed. PMID- 6554039 TI - How to use your VNA. PMID- 6554040 TI - Straight talk about gay patients. PMID- 6554041 TI - Self-administered medication on a postpartum unit. PMID- 6554043 TI - From conflict to collaboration. PMID- 6554042 TI - 2C North. PMID- 6554044 TI - Expanding the meaning of accountability. PMID- 6554045 TI - Have crutch, will travel. PMID- 6554046 TI - My love affair with uniforms. PMID- 6554047 TI - Effect of pH and amiloride on the intrarenal formation of kinins. AB - Changes in urinary kallikrein excretion are assumed to reflect changes in intrarenal formation of kinins. Yet factors that alter the enzymatic activity of renal kallikrein and kininases may alter the concentration of kinins in the nephron independent of amount of kallikrein excreted. In anesthetized rats, we measured excretion of urinary kallikrein (kininogenase activity) and kinin excretion during altered urinary pH and after amiloride, which reportedly inhibits urinary kallikrein. In rats fed a low sodium diet, urine was acidified by intravenous 0.28 M sodium sulfate. This decreased urinary pH from 6.1 +/- 0.09 to 5.3 +/- 0.17 and urinary kinin excretion from 28.0 +/- 9.0 to 10.5 +/- 5.0 pg/min. Urinary kallikrein excretion doubled from 43.0 +/- 5.0 to 82.5 +/- 13.5 ng/min. The optimum pH of kallikrein is congruent to 8.5, so the decreased excretion of urinary kinins is probably secondary to decreased kininogenase activity at lower urinary pH. Amiloride decreased urinary kinins from 35.5 +/- 7.3 to 18.2 +/- 2.5 pg/min and kallikrein from 18.7 +/- 4.9 to 9.3 +/- 1.8 ng/min, while urinary pH increased from 6.7 +/- 0.07 to 7.3 +/- 0.07. The depressed excretion of kallikrein and kinins with amiloride may not have been due to inhibition of kallikrein, since amiloride (1 mM) did not inhibit the kininogenase activity of rat urinary kallikrein (congruent to 1.2 nM) on dog or rat kininogen in vitro. We conclude that changes in urinary kallikrein may not reflect changes in intrarenal formation of kinins. These data also indicate that kallikrein excretion increases and kinin formation decreases when urine is acidified in the distal nephron and that there may be a link between the kallikrein-kinin system and the renal mechanisms affected by amiloride. PMID- 6554049 TI - Performance standards using behavioral anchored rating scales. PMID- 6554048 TI - Autoradiographic study of 3H-methylated elastase in hamster lungs. AB - An emphysemalike condition can be induced in animal lungs by the instillation of a single dose of elastase. Autoradiography was used to determine the location of 3H-methylated porcine pancreatic elastase in hamster lungs at four time points. Six hours after instillation of radiolabeled enzyme the distribution of silver grains was very patchy, but in heavily labeled areas grains were concentrated over macrophages, connective tissue areas and over some fibroblasts. By 24 hr the labeling of connective tissue areas was no longer evident and almost all silver grains were associated with macrophages or with the edema fluid that filled many alveoli at this time. By 4 days only macrophages exhibited concentrations of silver grains. The labeling of macrophages was still evident at 7 days. Elastase inactivated by N-acetyl-(L-alanyl)3-L-alanine chloromethyl ketone showed a different distribution 6 hr after instillation. Silver grains were concentrated over macrophages and alveolar type II cells but showed no affinity for connective tissue areas or fibroblasts. By 24 hr almost all grains were located over heavily labeled macrophages. PMID- 6554050 TI - Education of infectious disease fellows and housestaff by use of interdisciplinary rounds. PMID- 6554051 TI - Shoe leather surveillance: monthly hospital tours conducted by infection control committee members. PMID- 6554052 TI - Nosocomial toxic-shock syndrome in two patients after knee surgery. PMID- 6554053 TI - An outbreak of rotavirus gastroenteritis on a pediatric unit. PMID- 6554054 TI - Nosocomial infections on a primary nursing unit. PMID- 6554055 TI - Evaluating learning: a teaching plan for emergency procedures. PMID- 6554056 TI - Exposure to anesthetic gases: a controversy. PMID- 6554057 TI - NCE committed to promoting Project Alpha. PMID- 6554058 TI - Luque rod instrumentation. PMID- 6554059 TI - Coming on board and staying. AB - The outcome of a successful orientation is expected to be a fully functioning nurse who provides safe and effective care with minimum supervision and support. Deviation from this outcome focuses disappointment on either the nurse (who may be seen as inadequate or slow) or the orienter (who may be seen as not having done a good job of preparing the nurse). The work share the new employee does not carry must be carried by someone else, putting additional stress on a department that is often short-staffed and expecting the new person to lighten the load. The cost of failure is great to both the hospital and the individual. We believe hospitals can build interpersonal relations into their orientation programs. Even if strategies aren't used throughout the hospital, the operating room can implement them. Tne newcomer who feels capable but remains socially excluded is a likely candidate for turnover. PMID- 6554060 TI - When birth becomes death. PMID- 6554062 TI - Running for office: what it's about. PMID- 6554061 TI - Nurses win battle for reimbursement in West Virginia. PMID- 6554063 TI - Registered nurses' opinions regarding factors related to employment in nursing. PMID- 6554065 TI - Implementation of primary nursing in a dialysis unit. PMID- 6554064 TI - Present conceptions on the peptidyltransferase centre of animal ribosomes. AB - This review deals with results of affinity labelling experiments on proteins of the peptidyl-transferase centre (PTC) of animal ribosomes. From the studies it is concluded that ribosomal proteins L 5, L 21/23, L 32/33, and L 36 are the main candidates for the ribosomal P site and proteins L 6, L 18a, and L 28/29 for the ribosomal A site. Proteins L 10 and L 13/15 seem to be located in a more central region of the PTC. These findings are correlated with results obtained so far by using other techniques. Finally, the data are discussed, and a tentative model on the relative spatial arrangement of certain ribosomal proteins at the PTC is proposed. PMID- 6554066 TI - Human sexuality--female nurses' responses to their male hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6554067 TI - Nursing diagnoses for a child with end stage renal disease. PMID- 6554068 TI - Health locus of control: implications for an end stage renal disease program. PMID- 6554069 TI - Successful use of reverse osmosis for water purification in hospital and home dialysis. PMID- 6554070 TI - The effectiveness of an 8-hour/10-hour day shift rotation. PMID- 6554071 TI - Transacylation rates of (aminoacyl)adenosine moiety at the 3'-terminus of aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - The rates of migration of the aminoacyl group (transacylation) between 2'-O (aminoacyl)-tRNA and 3'-O-(aminoacyl)-tRNA were studied by the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses of 3'-terminal fragment models, with regard to the significance of transacylation in the process of protein biosynthesis. 2'(3')-O-L Alanyladenosine, -valyladenosine, -isoleucyladenosine, -phenylalanyladenosine, and -methionyladenosine, and 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyladenosine 5'-phosphate and methionyladenosine 5'-phosphate were chemically synthesized, and the rates of transacylation in deuterated buffer were directly measured by the NMR saturation transfer method. The dependences of transacylation rates on p2H and temperature were analyzed. The results indicate that the transacylation rates are significantly affected by the ionization states of the alpha-amino group of the amino acid moiety but not by the presence of the 5'-phosphate group of the adenylate moiety. The second-order rate constants for the base-catalyzed transacylation reactions were also determined for the ionized form (with alpha N2H3+ group) of (aminoacyl)adenosines. The transacylation rates of (aminoacyl)adenosines in 1H2O solution at p1H 7.3 and 37 degrees C (intracellular environment) were evaluated as 3-11 s-1 for the 2' leads to 3' transacylation and 1-4 s-1 for the 3' leads to 2' transacylation, indicating that the transacylation rate of free aminoacyl-tRNA is slower than the overall rate of polypeptide chain elongation per ribosome. This suggests the presence of some enzymatic factor for enhancing the transacylation rates of aminoacyl-tRNAs in the polypeptide chain elongation process in vivo. PMID- 6554072 TI - Initiation of mammalian protein synthesis: dynamic properties of the assembly process in vitro. AB - Binding of the Met-tRNAMetf . eIf-2 GTP complex to the 40 S ribosomal subunit is the first step in initiation of eukaryotic protein synthesis. The extent of binding and the stability of the complex are enhanced by initiation factors eIF-3 and eIF-4C, AUG and elevated magnesium concentration. The reversibility of reaction steps occurring during the assembly of the initiation complex is measured as the rate of Met-tRNAMetf exchange in the initiation complex and its intermediates. This rate progressively decreases and Met-tRNAMetf binding becomes irreversible upon binding of mRNA. The association of the 40 S Met-tRNAMetf mRNA initiation complex with the 60 S ribosomal subunit is again reversible as long as elongation does not occur. PMID- 6554073 TI - [Inhibition of human granulocyte elastase and kininogenase]. AB - Using an inhibitory analysis, the different enzymatic nature of kininogenase and elastase activities in serine proteinase fractions (pI 8.3-10.75) isolated from human granulocyte lysates by isoelectrofocusing was demonstrated. The thermo- and acid-stable serine proteinase inhibitor from rabbit serum was shown to completely inhibit the kininogenase activity in these fractions but to have no inhibiting action on the elastase activity. On the contrast, the specific granulocyte elastase inhibitor, N-3-carbomethoxypropanoyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-valyl chloromethylketone , inhibits granulocyte elastase and does not inhibit the kininogenase activity in lysate fractions. The efficiency of granulocyte elastase inhibition by this chloromethylketone is evaluated by the kinetic parameters k3, Ki. The values of k3/Ki for granulocyte elastase forms with pI of 10.75, 8.9 and 8.0 are 1430, 670 and 360 M-1 S-1, respectively and show effective inhibition of the three forms by this inhibitor. Based on the different degree of inhibition of the three elastase forms by chloromethylketone inhibitor the existence of the family of elastaselike enzymes in human granulocytes is postulated. PMID- 6554074 TI - Management of the antenatal preterm fetal lung in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome in lambs. AB - We have explored change in pulmonary compliance before, and after, repeated deep insufflation of the lungs to a pressure of 35 cm H2O, in 130-days gestation fetal lambs delivered by cesarean section, and while still connected to the intact umbilical cord and the ewe. As a group, all 15 out of 28 fetal lambs that had a rise in total compliance to above 0.2 ml (cm H2O)-1 kg-1 after the first inflation, tolerated 24 h of mechanical ventilation with excellent health and good lung function; only 3 animals out of 13 that showed no similar initial rise in compliance after the first inflation, ultimately survived. We believe the first deep insufflation is an important therapeutic intervention and a useful index to rapidly assess chance of survival in a high-risk fetal lamb population. PMID- 6554075 TI - Apudoma, NMR imager and me. PMID- 6554076 TI - Computers in nursing education: one microcomputer can make things happen! PMID- 6554077 TI - Computers in nursing research: computing and the beginning researcher: part 2. PMID- 6554079 TI - Computers in nursing administration: advantages of computerized databases. PMID- 6554078 TI - Computers in nursing practice: on-line nursing care plans. PMID- 6554080 TI - East coast, West coast, all around the town or how I spent my summer vacation. PMID- 6554081 TI - Computers for nurses. Modems--let your computer make friends with its own kind. PMID- 6554082 TI - Computers in nursing practice: computerized staff development records. PMID- 6554083 TI - Kallikrein concentration in submandibular glands of rats chronically treated with isoproterenol. AB - The effect of chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol on the kallikrein content of rat submandibular gland was estimated by radioimmunoassay, by immunohistochemistry, and by analytical isoelectric focusing. Radioimmunoassays revealed that the kallikrein content of the submandibular gland was already significantly decreased after 6 days of treatment. After 21 days, the kallikrein content was 40 times lower and by 33 days an almost complete depletion was found. These findings were confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Analytical isoelectric focusing also showed that, after 33 days of treatment, the typical bands corresponding to the kallikrein isoenzymes of the submandibular gland had disappeared. These results indicate that kallikrein secretion is influenced by beta-adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 6554084 TI - Dementia: the single most important problem facing health care professionals in the next 30 to 50 years. PMID- 6554085 TI - Health care needs of residents in an alcohol and drug rehabilitation centre. PMID- 6554086 TI - "I couldn't help but overhearing . . .". PMID- 6554087 TI - Social Network Intervention Group: a community prevention process. PMID- 6554088 TI - Friends of schizophrenics. PMID- 6554089 TI - The costliest mental illness. PMID- 6554090 TI - Alzheimer's disease--family support. PMID- 6554091 TI - RNAO represents nursing at Grange inquiry into events at Hospital for Sick Children. PMID- 6554092 TI - Nursing behind bars: a decade of change. PMID- 6554093 TI - The challenge: health care vs. security. PMID- 6554094 TI - Nursing's last frontier: our Canadian prisons. Interview by Allie Lehmann. PMID- 6554095 TI - Hit the road. PMID- 6554096 TI - Avoid injuries with common sense, good training. PMID- 6554097 TI - The journey home. PMID- 6554098 TI - Family nursing: a theory that works. PMID- 6554099 TI - A support system for new mothers. PMID- 6554100 TI - Self care in theory and practice. PMID- 6554101 TI - Pin site care protocol. PMID- 6554102 TI - A hospital-based health promotion program. PMID- 6554104 TI - When your ICU patient needs emotional support too. PMID- 6554103 TI - The place of research in nursing. PMID- 6554105 TI - Putting research into practice. PMID- 6554106 TI - Nursing management: collaboration for better care. PMID- 6554107 TI - A placement service for nurses: an idea whose time has not arrived. PMID- 6554108 TI - Help for the infection control nurse--an annotated bibliography. PMID- 6554109 TI - Content analysis of interviews using a nursing model: a look at parents adapting to the impact of childhood cancer. PMID- 6554110 TI - Confounding variables in the measurement of cancer patient compliance. PMID- 6554111 TI - Metabolic complications of induction therapy for leukemia and lymphoma. PMID- 6554112 TI - Criminal prosecution for the discontinuance of life support--part III. PMID- 6554113 TI - Demonstration of skin fluorescence following exposure to doxorubicin. PMID- 6554114 TI - Sleep and the cardiac patient. PMID- 6554115 TI - Elastase activity in chick embryo fibroblasts, quantitative changes induced by agents which affect cell functions and variations during embryogenesis. PMID- 6554116 TI - Marlene Winter extends a helping hand to troubled nurses. PMID- 6554117 TI - The carbohydrate moiety of human urinary kallikrein. PMID- 6554118 TI - [Guidelines by the Department of National Education]. PMID- 6554119 TI - [The new nursing education system: implicaties]. PMID- 6554120 TI - The role of professional organisations in nursing advancement. PMID- 6554121 TI - [The promotor-candidate relationship]. PMID- 6554122 TI - The coming of age of Mrs H. Nursing intervention in an elderly depressed woman. PMID- 6554123 TI - The aged require attention. PMID- 6554124 TI - [Why do nurses leave the profession? A summing up of research into factors which motivate registered nurses in the Republic of South Africa to leave the nursing profession]. PMID- 6554125 TI - Rehabilitation as an integral part of nursing, with special reference to the patient with chronic renal disease. PMID- 6554126 TI - New dimensions--nursing education in the post-secondary education system in the Republic of South Africa. PMID- 6554127 TI - [Role and function of the Black community health nurse in Lebowa, Venda and Gazankulu]. PMID- 6554128 TI - Nursing personnel administration within a hospital. PMID- 6554129 TI - [Research methodology in assessing community needs]. PMID- 6554130 TI - Patients who fall in hospital--contributing factors. PMID- 6554131 TI - [Policy of the National Health Policy Council]. PMID- 6554132 TI - [A direct radioimmunoassay of human glandular kallikrein and its clinical application]. PMID- 6554134 TI - [On nursing and education--impression of 5 years of continuing education in nursing]. PMID- 6554135 TI - [Problems associated with bed rest in clinical cases. A discussion]. PMID- 6554133 TI - [Serum elastase 1 levels in diabetics and various disease]. PMID- 6554136 TI - [Definition and significance of bed rest in medicine]. PMID- 6554138 TI - [Tradition of nursing--Ms Kassai and her students. (2)]. PMID- 6554137 TI - [Definition and significance of bed rest in nursing]. PMID- 6554139 TI - [On teaching nursing processes. 1. Classroom instruction using familiar parent child relations as a teaching material]. PMID- 6554140 TI - [The significance of bed rest to the patient. Discussion]. PMID- 6554141 TI - Documentation: avoiding liability. PMID- 6554142 TI - Fusion complexes and capture complexes in ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6554143 TI - The clinical significance of bone marrow procedures. PMID- 6554144 TI - Fundamentals of long bone traction part III. PMID- 6554145 TI - The dangers of going to bed. PMID- 6554146 TI - Infective endocarditis: a clinical overview. PMID- 6554147 TI - Opportunistic systemic mycoses and the critical care patient. PMID- 6554148 TI - Poison control potpourri. PMID- 6554150 TI - Legal guidelines for documentation. PMID- 6554149 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome (continuing education). PMID- 6554151 TI - Laddergrams: a useful approach for analyzing complex rhythm disturbances. PMID- 6554152 TI - Lown-Ganong-Levine (LGL) syndrome: recognition & nursing care. PMID- 6554153 TI - Hypotension during hemodialysis. PMID- 6554154 TI - The sequelea to addiction. PMID- 6554155 TI - Rabies in humans. PMID- 6554156 TI - Moulaging: a cheerful challenge. PMID- 6554157 TI - Monitoring the neonate (continuing education). PMID- 6554159 TI - Cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6554158 TI - The manipulators: how to help them and yourself. PMID- 6554160 TI - Reye's syndrome. PMID- 6554161 TI - Nursing management of the patient undergoing medical amputation. PMID- 6554162 TI - Electrocardiography update. Is there a best lead system? PMID- 6554163 TI - Study of patient-falls in a small, busy medical center. PMID- 6554165 TI - Emergent burn care: a time for life-saving measures. PMID- 6554164 TI - Infection control update! Immune responses. PMID- 6554166 TI - Peritoneal dialysis (continuing education). PMID- 6554168 TI - Carotid sinus massage. PMID- 6554167 TI - Pediatric problems: Romano-Ward syndrome. PMID- 6554169 TI - Your mystery arrhythmia strips. PMID- 6554170 TI - Thrombolytic therapy in acute evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 6554171 TI - Drug corner: HESPAN (hetastarch). PMID- 6554172 TI - Continuous intracranial pressure monitoring: implications and applications for critical care. PMID- 6554173 TI - An overview of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 6554174 TI - Arrhythmia quiz: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 6554175 TI - A Homan's sign is an effective method of diagnosing thrombophlebitis in bedridden patients. PMID- 6554176 TI - Care of the adult patient with Tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 6554177 TI - Credentialing: a new approach to staff development. PMID- 6554179 TI - Procedure for disconnecting and capping a permanent peritoneal dialysis catheter. PMID- 6554178 TI - Nursing management in critical care units. PMID- 6554180 TI - The legal liabilities of critical care. Negligence--Part I. PMID- 6554181 TI - EKG of the month: hyperkalemia. PMID- 6554182 TI - A simplified approach to complex parenteral infusion administration. PMID- 6554183 TI - Mystery tracings: low cardiac output. PMID- 6554184 TI - Standard care plan for systemic administration of streptokinase. PMID- 6554185 TI - Critical care technique: intra-aortic balloon pump techniques. PMID- 6554186 TI - Hemodynamic assessment of IABP timing. PMID- 6554187 TI - Analyzing urinalysis results. PMID- 6554188 TI - Critical care nurse speaks out: just Jonathan. PMID- 6554189 TI - Critical care nurse speaks out: equipment vs. people. PMID- 6554190 TI - Caring for families during the "unknown" period. PMID- 6554191 TI - Laboratory testing: a practical guide. PMID- 6554192 TI - Diffuse interstitial lung disease. PMID- 6554193 TI - Nutritional aspects of diabetes care and pregnancy. PMID- 6554194 TI - Training social workers in diabetes. PMID- 6554195 TI - Consumer's perspectives on the difficulties of intensive diabetes management and planning conception. PMID- 6554196 TI - The emotional experience of pregnant diabetic women: its impact on health care professionals. PMID- 6554197 TI - Teaching intensive diabetes care in pregnancy--psychological aspects. PMID- 6554198 TI - Obstetrical care. PMID- 6554199 TI - Medical and parental expectations in the care of the infant of a diabetic mother. PMID- 6554200 TI - Introduction: educating diabetic women about pregnancy. PMID- 6554201 TI - Pulmonary function in normal and elastase-treated hamsters exposed to a complex mixture of olefin-ozone-sulfur dioxide reaction products. AB - An elastase-induced emphysema model was utilized to determine if hamsters with preexisting lung disease were more susceptible to lung damage from air pollutant exposure. Male golden hamsters, divided into two treatment groups, were given a single intratracheal injection of either 6 units of porcine pancreatic elastase (EMP) or buffer (CNT). After a 4-week recovery period, equal numbers of each group were exposed 23 hr/day X 28 day to filtered air (AIR) or to the complex by products from a dark phase reaction mixture of trans-2-butene, ozone, and sulfur dioxide (MIX). Lung function measurements on the elastase-treated groups showed changes consistent with mild emphysema. There were no significant differences in lung volumes or lung compliance between the AIR- and MIX-exposed animals. However, the nitrogen washout slope decreased (P less than 0.05), and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide increased (P less than 0.05) in both the CNT and EMP hamsters exposed to the MIX. The change in diffusing capacity was greater (P less than 0.05) in normal hamsters than in hamsters with emphysema, and it is hypothesized that animals with impaired lung function had a decreased ability to respond to a pulmonary insult from the mix. PMID- 6554202 TI - Prevention of elastase-induced emphysema by aerosol administration of a specific synthetic elastase inhibitor. AB - The effect of a synthetic elastase inhibitor was studied in experimental emphysema. The development of emphysema was totally prevented by this material. In the authors' opinion the administration of synthetic elastase inhibitors can be considered as a new possibility in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6554204 TI - Amino acid sequence around the active serine in the acyl transferase domain of rabbit mammary fatty acid synthase. AB - Rabbit mammary fatty acid synthase was labelled in the acyl transferase domain(s) by the formation of the O-ester intermediates after incubation with [14C]acetyl- or malonyl-CoA. Elastase peptides containing the labelled acyl groups were isolated using high performance liquid chromatography and sequenced by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. An identical peptide (acyl-Ser-Leu-Gly-Glu-Val Ala) was obtained after labelling with acetyl- or malonyl-CoA. This confirms the hypothesis that, unlike Escherichia coli or yeast, a single transferase catalyses the transfer of both acetyl- and malonyl-groups in the mammalian complex. The sequence at this site is compared with that around the active serine in other acyl transferases and hydrolases. PMID- 6554203 TI - Equilibration of methionine into the Met-tRNA pool of rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Additional evidence that deacylation of ribosomal subunit-bound Met tRNAf does occur in heme-deficiency. AB - We have measured the rate of equilibration of [35S]methionine into the Met-tRNA pool of rabbit reticulocyte lysate as in [FEBS Lett. (1982) 143, 301-305]. Our results indicate that hemin-deficiency inhibits the equilibration of methionine into the tRNA pool much less than protein synthesis or the equilibration of alanine into the tRNA pool, whereas cycloheximide inhibits these processes similarly. This finding is consistent with our previous data and supports the hypothesis that with hemin-deficiency much of the Met-tRNAf that becomes bound to 40 S subunits subsequently undergoes enzymatic deacylation. PMID- 6554205 TI - Child passenger safety. Part III. PMID- 6554206 TI - Determination of immunoreactive trypsin, pancreatic elastase and chymotrypsin in extracts of human feces and ileostomy drainage. AB - The total daily amount of extractable cationic trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pancreatic elastase 2 in feces and ileostomy fluids has been studied in normal individuals and healthy colectomized subjects. Quantitation was performed using immunological assays with polyethylene glycol as a fecal marker. The extractable amount of each of these enzymes in the feces of normal individuals was less than 1 mg/24 h. However, in fecal extracts from antibiotic-treated normal individuals a 100-fold increase in immunoreactive cationic trypsin was observed, while chymotrypsin and elastase 2 were only 2- to 3-fold higher. In extracts from ileostomy fluids cationic trypsin, elastase, and chymotrypsin all showed mean values in the order of 50-200 mg/24 h. The characterization of the immunoreactivity of pancreatic proteases showed no qualitative differences when measured in duodenal juice or fecal and ileostomy extracts. PMID- 6554208 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis--epidemiologic data from the outpatient department of obstetrics/gynecology of the University of Tubingen/Germany]. AB - The incidence of Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical und urethral specimens obtained from gynaecologically healthy women was evaluated by means of a tissue culture method. In 172 women seen in our outpatient department for cancer screening the rate was 4,1%, in a group of 98 female industrial workers as high as 15,3%. The incidence seen in 107 pregnant women was 10,3%, however, none of 246 amniotic fluid specimen obtained by amniocentesis was found to contain Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 6554207 TI - [Reduction of low weight birth, premature amniotic rupture and premature labor following additional magnesium therapy in high risk pregnancy treated with beta mimetics and cerclage]. PMID- 6554209 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis--cytologic findings in infections of the uterine cervix]. AB - Cytologic, colposcopic, histologic and bacteriologic examination was performed in 229 patients because of previous abnormal cervical cytology. Chlamydia trachomatis was found in a significantly greater proportion as well in 70 women with spontaneous recurrence to normal (17.1%) as in 85 women with dysplasia (17.6%). In comparison, chlamydial infection is found in 4.1% of cytologically normal women. In the 2 to 22 months follow-up Chlamydia trachomatis was seen in 19.6% of 92 women with recurrence to normal cytologic pattern, however, in 10.8% of 65 patients with persistence or progression (p less than 0.025, t-test). PMID- 6554210 TI - [Chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease during pregnancy--a case report]. AB - Based on a case report of a 19-year-old woman with Hodgkin's disease in pregnancy and on several casuistic communications and comparative studies from the literature the problems of cytostatic therapy in pregnancy are discussed. The following conclusions may be drawn: Cytostatic therapy in varying combination seems not to be associated with a damage to the fetus, even when applied in the first trimester of pregnancy. Fetal disturbances occurred almost exclusively under a combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy. In the case observed by us a combination chemotherapy with adriblastin, vincristine and prednisone was successfully applied from the 28th week of pregnancy on. The child showed no disturbances apart from a slight degree of intrauterine growth retardation which must also be seen in connection with a severe anemia of the mother or her nicotine abuse. PMID- 6554211 TI - [History and urodynamic findings in incontinent women]. AB - The history and urodynamic findings correlate with each other in only 52% of the cases. The best correlation was in cases of stress incontinence. The least correlation occurred in cases of mixed incontinence. The best choice for the surgical and pharmacological management of urinary incontinence in women is based on a review of all collected findings and on knowledge of the physiology and anatomy of urinary incontinence. PMID- 6554212 TI - [Early bladder function disorders following Wertheim surgery. Causes and therapeutic consequences]. AB - The bladder function of forty five women was studied once before and three times following a Wertheim Operation for Carcinoma of the Cervix. Three quarters of the patients had a diminished bladder capacity two weeks after surgery with an increased bladder filling pressure and a decreased urethral occlusion pressure. After eight and twenty weeks the pre-operative state was almost reached. However there was no complete restoration of the function at that time. Almost all women had a disturbance of the bladder sensitivity. Modern investigations of bladder physiology show that the lax bladder is an expected post-operative neurogenic problem of the vesical plexus. At first this is masked by a hypertonic bladder due to muscle trauma. The postoperative decrease of the urethral occlusion pressure appears to be caused by a partial injury of sympathic nerve fibers. The problem of functional infravesical obstruction is discussed. The treatment is at first accomplished by general perioperative measures. Later on receptor effective drugs are used as necessary following a repeat urodynamic investigation. PMID- 6554213 TI - [Vulvectomy and posterior exenteration for advanced cancer of the vulva]. AB - Vulvectomy and posterior exenteration for advanced carcinoma of the vulva were performed on three patients using a two time-technique. The operative procedure and the patients' outcome are reported. PMID- 6554214 TI - [Unusual malignancies of the breast region]. AB - Three cases of rare sites of malignomas in the human breast are reported: malignant lymphoma (centrocytic - centroblastic) with generalised lymph node involvement, metastasis of a malignant melanoma, and a metastatic angiosarcoma. Problems of preoperative diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6554215 TI - [Fetal cystic tumor in the ultrasonic image]. AB - Using ultrasonography we were able to identify prenatally an intrauterine cystic tumour next to a foetus at 22 weeks of gestation, which was later diagnosed as a cystic lymphangioma of the foetal neck. PMID- 6554216 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of congenital cystic neck hygroma. Comparison of sonographic and computed tomography findings]. AB - In a case of prenatal diagnosis of lymphangioma (hygroma) of the neck the results of sonographic and computer tomographic investigations were compared. It was shown that the methods are complimentary and lead to very similar conclusions. The first investigation should be by ultra-sound because of the lack of radiation. The computer tomography is then indicated with specific questions in mind and the radiation exposure can be minimized. In the presented case the combination of sonography and computer tomography permitted a prognosis of poor operability of the lesion. Since the prognosis cannot be determined with complete certainty prior to delivery the obstetrician and neonatalogist need to proceed with the possibility of a treatable anomaly in mind. The neckopsy findings in our case confirmed the inoperability of the lesion. PMID- 6554218 TI - [Traditional birth attendants now recognized]. PMID- 6554217 TI - [Cycle of information on the mentally handicapped child. Evaluation]. PMID- 6554219 TI - [The authority and responsibility in the heart of a health unit, centered on the role of the supervisory nurse]. PMID- 6554220 TI - [Financial problems of hospitals--point of view of administrators of nursing care]. PMID- 6554221 TI - Nutrition. Meatless eating can be healthy. PMID- 6554222 TI - Withdrawing digoxin--worth a try. PMID- 6554223 TI - Sexuality and the elderly. PMID- 6554224 TI - Divided loyalties. PMID- 6554225 TI - H.A.L.F.--a tool to assess elder abuse within the family. PMID- 6554226 TI - The aged in the outpatient department. PMID- 6554227 TI - Following 80,000 lives through 40,000 days. PMID- 6554228 TI - A matrix model for geriatric care. PMID- 6554230 TI - Reaching into the community--CHC. PMID- 6554231 TI - FNS student nurses bring health care to public schools. PMID- 6554229 TI - The art of giving. Common concern. PMID- 6554232 TI - "Short time couriers" enjoy working vacations at Wendover. PMID- 6554233 TI - [Release of lysosomal enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 6554234 TI - Properdin factor B (Bf) polymorphism: subtyping of SS phenotypes. AB - The authors have studied the genetic polymorphism of the properdin factor B (Bf) by the isoelectrofocusing technique. The SS phenotypes, all similar on agarose gel electrophoresis, were shown to be heterogeneous after isoelectrofocusing; this heterogeneity corresponds to the expression of two new suballeles SA and SB, inherited in a codominant manner. Gene frequencies for 121 individuals with SS phenotype are 0.57 for SA, and 0.43 for SB. PMID- 6554236 TI - [Stopover 1983: practitioners and instructors share the same will for change]. PMID- 6554235 TI - Modulation of the formation of the human amplification C3 convertase of complement by polycations. AB - Neutralization of the negative charges of heparin by polycations in the fluid phase suppressed the inhibitory effect of heparin on the generation of the C3b dependent amplification convertase of complement C3b,Bb. Polymeric polycations alone, whether natural or synthetic, prevented formation of the cell-bound amplification convertase and of the fluid-phase interaction of C3b, B and D, in a dose-related fashion in the concentration range of 1 to 2 X 10(-8)M for poly-L lysine (PLL) 50,000. The inhibitory effect of PLL on formation of the cell-bound convertase was independent of the presence of P. Percent inhibition of C3b,Bb,P and C3b,B,P formation was constant when the convertases were formed with a fixed concentration of PLL and increasing amounts of B; PLL was more effective in preventing convertase formation on cells bearing low numbers of C3b and developed with high doses of B. The decay of the preformed P stabilized convertase was not altered by PLL whether in the presence or absence of H. Thus, polycations in the fluid phase specifically inhibit formation of the amplification C3 convertase by preventing the association between C3b and B, most likely by acting on C3b. The low-affinity interaction between C3b and B is a privileged site for natural or pharmacological modulation of complement by polyelectrolytes. PMID- 6554238 TI - [Our prisons, a final challenge. Interview by Allie Lehmann]. PMID- 6554237 TI - [After 100 years of stagnation, some progress]. PMID- 6554239 TI - [Hand of a child who draws and guides the steps of the nurse]. PMID- 6554240 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the student: a reality one has to live through]. PMID- 6554241 TI - [The hospital: a danger for nurses]. PMID- 6554242 TI - The stethoscope - a vector of infection? PMID- 6554243 TI - Sterilization of surgical instruments. PMID- 6554244 TI - Nursery salmonellosis: delayed recognition due to unusually long incubation period. AB - A nursery outbreak of diarrheal illness caused by Salmonella nienstedten initially involved seven infants cared for in one nursery; secondary infection subsequently affected one infant cared for in the same nursery as well as four other infants. Recognition of the outbreak was delayed due to an unusually long incubation period. The period from last known exposure to onset of diarrhea ranged from two to 18 days, with a median of ten days. The prolonged incubation period may have resulted from a low inoculum of the organism, from a previously unknown characteristic of Salmonella nienstedten, or may be an age-specific response. Hospital infection control personnel should be aware that nosocomial cases of salmonellosis may have a longer incubation period than has been previously recognized. PMID- 6554245 TI - The short- and long-term effects of a handbook on antimicrobial prescribing patterns of hospital physicians. PMID- 6554246 TI - Communicating for success. PMID- 6554247 TI - Improving the work of the professional association. PMID- 6554248 TI - Professional associations: what they are and what they do. PMID- 6554249 TI - Zaire: status, objectives and organizational structure of the professional association. PMID- 6554250 TI - Colombia: functions of a nurses association. PMID- 6554251 TI - Developing, constructing and scoring the National Council Licensure Examination. From the Examination Committee of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing. PMID- 6554252 TI - Wisconsin's evolving approach to the impaired nurse. PMID- 6554253 TI - Diagnostic profile for failure candidates. From the Examination Committee of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing. PMID- 6554254 TI - Clinical research and nursing in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6554255 TI - Compromises in the choice of orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation and tracheostomy. PMID- 6554256 TI - The axillary artery catheter. PMID- 6554257 TI - A review of cardiac valve prostheses and their selection. AB - Operation for the purpose of cardiac valve repair or replacement has become commonplace since its initial trial some 80 years ago. Cardiac surgical techniques have been refined dramatically during the last 10 years and a number of sophisticated and innovative devices for valvular replacement have been developed. Valve research has concentrated on the development of a prosthetic valve that closely resembles the human valve in terms of hemodynamic performance, durability, and freedom from complications. Each currently available artificial heart valve has unique performance qualities, advantages, and disadvantages. These must be considered together with individual patient data when selecting an appropriate prosthesis to replace a human valve. Prognosis and long-term outcome will be effected by how well the valve prosthesis is matched to the cardiac anatomy, life-style, and age of the recipient. PMID- 6554258 TI - Cardiac tamponade: an initial study in the development of a predictive tool. AB - This exploratory study was conducted over a 12-month period to describe the relationship between selected clinical variables and the occurrence of postoperative cardiac tamponade. Data were collected on 19 variables. A total of 739 patients were included in the study. A postoperative diagnosis of cardiac tamponade was made in nine of these patients who then comprised the tamponade group. A matched non-tamponade control group of 18 patients was identified for comparison. The following were found to be significantly different in a statistical comparison between variable values in the tamponade and non-tamponade groups: (1) serum creatinine level (p = 0.005), (2) chest tube drainage (p = 0.009), (3) sustained pressure plateau (p = .018), and (4) mediastinal widening (p = 0.039). Two additional variables, pulsus paradoxus and elevated BUN, appeared to be of value in the assessment of late tamponade. Discriminant analysis showed a high predictive accuracy of the above combined variables. Such results warrant the further investigation of these variables in other clinical settings. Both a replication and testing of a tamponade score system would be a fertile and necessary area of research for critical care nurses who provide care for post-cardiac surgery patients. These data suggest that equal weight be assigned to each of the four variables. Thus scores would range from 0 to 4; higher scores would represent greater risk (Table III). With further investigation of this area of clinical practice, the identification of patients at higher risk for tamponade could be greatly facilitated. PMID- 6554259 TI - Transchest defibrillation effectiveness and electrical impedance using disposable conductive pads. PMID- 6554260 TI - Computerized tomography in pericardial disease. AB - In many patients conventional radiographic procedures aid the detection of pericardial pathology. Echocardiography is undoubtedly the most satisfactory investigation for assessing pericardial thickening and fluid. However, in special circumstances CT of the mediastinum is able to offer additional information. Small quantities of pericardial air, associated tumor masses, and the extent of a pericardial effusion or pericardial calcification can be displayed most advantageously by CT. PMID- 6554261 TI - Blood oxygen contents: Van Slyke analyzer vs. Lex O2 Con. PMID- 6554262 TI - Nursing care of patients in intermaxillary fixation. AB - Often patients in IMF are healthier, tend to be more independent, and have shorter hospital stays than many patients hospitalized for other reasons. This is by no means any indication that they do not require close assessment and skilled nursing care. While recovering from anesthesia, airway obstruction and vomiting are real dangers. Although wire cutters are a necessary safety precaution and a part of the legal standard of practice, nurses and patients should not rely solely on them in the incidence of shortness of breath or vomiting. Nurses and patients should know the proper technique for clearing the mouth and airway of a patient in IMF. Hemorrhage evaluation and secretion control also require skilled observation and assistance by the nurse. Patients in IMF benefit from a decrease in anxiety levels when they are educated in airway clearance, secretion control, comfort measures, and diet. The nursing care of patients in IMF is rewarding and challenging for many areas of nursing. PMID- 6554263 TI - Inadequate drug mixing: a potential hazard in continuous intravenous administration. PMID- 6554264 TI - Malignant pleural effusions: pertinent issues. PMID- 6554265 TI - The terrible triad--asthma, nasal polyps, and sensitivity to aspirin. PMID- 6554266 TI - Severe coronary artery disease in the asymptomatic patient. AB - Asymptomatic patients more than 40 years of age who have major risk factors for coronary atherosclerosis (i.e., strong familial history for coronary atherosclerosis, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes mellitus or history of heavy cigarette use) should be given an exercise tolerance test. Establishing the presence or absence of coronary artery disease will help in management whether this be medical, surgical, or preventative. PMID- 6554267 TI - Room-temperature vs. ice-temperature injectate for thermodilution cardiac output determination. PMID- 6554268 TI - Suctioning without cardiopulmonary depression. PMID- 6554269 TI - Infection related to physiological monitoring. PMID- 6554270 TI - Room-temperature vs. ice-temperature injectate for thermodilution cardiac output determination. PMID- 6554271 TI - Developing an instructional unit on toxic shock syndrome for adolescent girls. PMID- 6554272 TI - The child with chronic renal failure: II. Developmental habilitation. PMID- 6554273 TI - Chronic renal failure: the effects on the entire family. PMID- 6554274 TI - Time variations, births, and lunar association. PMID- 6554275 TI - Children of divorce. PMID- 6554276 TI - Permeability of premature lamb lungs to protein and the effect of surfactant on that permeability. PMID- 6554277 TI - Alterations in the rates of synthesis and degradation of rat liver 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase produced by cholestyramine and mevinolin. AB - Hepatocytes were prepared from rats previously fed either a normal diet or diets containing cholestyramine or cholestyramine plus mevinolin. The rates of synthesis and degradation of HMG-CoA reductase were determined by immunoprecipitation of the enzyme from cells radiolabeled with [35S]methionine during standard pulse or pulse-chase experiments. In cells prepared from rats fed either a normal diet or a diet supplemented with cholestyramine or cholestyramine plus mevinolin, the relative rates of reductase synthesis were 0.08, 0.21, and 0.99%, respectively, of the rates of total cellular protein synthesis. The corresponding apparent half-lives of the enzyme were approximately 114 min, 153 min, and greater than 10 h. We propose that the elevated reductase activity observed in rats fed cholestyramine and mevinolin (Tanaka, R. D., Edwards, P. A., Lan, S.-F., Knoppel, E. M., and Fogelman, A. M. (1982) J. Lipid Res. 23, 1026 1031) is a result of both increased enzyme synthesis and stabilization of the enzyme. We demonstrate that enzyme stabilization is not an inherent property of the enzyme but is dependent on the presence of mevinolin. We propose that enzyme stabilization results from the decreased cellular levels of some product produced endogenously from mevalonate. PMID- 6554278 TI - P22 c2 repressor. Domain structure and function. AB - The c2 repressor of bacteriophage P22 can be digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase to yield stable fragments. Purified NH2-terminal fragments, like intact repressor, bind specifically to P22 operator DNA and also mediate positive and negative control of transcription. COOH-terminal fragments of repressor do not bind operator DNA but do undergo a concentration-dependent oligomerization similar to that observed with intact repressor. These results suggest that P22 repressor, like the related cI repressor of phage lambda, contains two structural domains which mediate different functions of the intact molecule. PMID- 6554279 TI - The activation of human complement component C5 by a fluid phase C5 convertase. AB - Complement component C5 is converted to C5a and C5b by the cobra venom factor dependent C3/C5 convertase CVF,Bb (EC 3.4.21.47). The C5 convertase produces selective proteolytic cleavage of an arginyl-leucine peptide bond at positions 74 75 in the alpha chain of C5. Circular dichroism studies in both the far and near UV regions provide evidence that a conformational change accompanies the C5 activation process. When C5 is activated by CVF,Bb in the presence of complement component C6, the C5b,6 complex is formed. However, when C6 is added after C5 has been converted to C5b, the C5b,6 complex fails to form. Therefore, the activation of C5 results in a transient binding site for C6. Hydrophobic sites are probably exposed upon C5 activation because C5b undergoes aggregation when C5 is converted to C5b in the absence of C6. Transmission electron micrographs of the C5 molecule indicate a multilobal, irregular ultrastructure with estimated dimensions of 104 X 140 X 168 A. Aggregated C5b has the appearance of globular particles with a diameter range of 350-700 A. Although C5 shares a number of features with the third component of complement, including a similar ultrastructure and partial sequence homology, C5 is devoid of the unusual thiol ester linkage found in C3. It is the labile thiol ester that permits covalent attachment between C3 and nucleophilic acceptors. In contrast, interactions between C5 and C6 or C5 and membranes remain noncovalent. PMID- 6554280 TI - Toward a physiologic approach to the topical treatment of opened wounds. PMID- 6554281 TI - Stabilizing a gastrostomy tube. PMID- 6554282 TI - Alternatives to conventional ileostomy in the surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6554283 TI - Postoperative counseling for cancer/ostomy patients. PMID- 6554284 TI - Loop ileostomy as an alternative to transverse loop colostomy. PMID- 6554285 TI - IAET strategic planning report: Part III. PMID- 6554287 TI - Funding for research. PMID- 6554286 TI - Gerontological nursing research: "Hmm," "Huh," and "Ahha!". PMID- 6554288 TI - Education in gerontology. PMID- 6554289 TI - Do nurses know enough about gerontology? PMID- 6554290 TI - Skin care for the aged. PMID- 6554291 TI - Do nurses make a difference? PMID- 6554292 TI - Amino acid changes during hemodialysis. PMID- 6554293 TI - Prescribing sleep medication for the surgical patient. PMID- 6554294 TI - EKG of the month. One way or the other. PMID- 6554295 TI - Basic cerebral trauma care. PMID- 6554296 TI - Pulmonary complications associated with severe head injury. PMID- 6554297 TI - Management of the multiple trauma patient with increased ICP. PMID- 6554298 TI - Comprehensive patient monitoring in a neurosurgical intensive care unit. AB - As technology improves, medical care becomes more complex, and nurses must continue to look for new and better ways to provide optimal patient care. The comprehensive monitoring system described here provides a timely, organized, and flexible system to handle patient data. This information can be used in a variety of ways to benefit all levels of health care providers. The nurse is able to enter all data from the bedside and recall any of that data from the same station. The computer can serve useful functions for the nurse which the paper form cannot. It provides greater flexibility in reviewing the data than a paper form. The system works for the nurse to allow more time and attention to be spent on the patients and less on the paperwork. It is also a powerful tool for medical research. All of these contribute to the goal of providing, and continually improving, the highest quality care to the patient. PMID- 6554299 TI - "Look into my eyes". PMID- 6554300 TI - CAT scans: what do they tell us? AB - The CAT Scan is capable of providing a diagnosis in many cases. It has an overall accuracy rate of 95 to 98 percent for diagnosis of a lesion versus no lesion. The CAT scanner has proven to be the single most important advance in neuroradiology in recent years. It is the least traumatic, the safest, and most definitive of the neurological procedures. PMID- 6554301 TI - Nursing management of unstable vertebrobasilar insufficiency. PMID- 6554302 TI - The role of the nurse in the diagnostic classification and management of epileptic seizures. PMID- 6554303 TI - External obstructive hydrocephalus: a study of clinical and developmental aspects in ten children. AB - At this time there are few published cases on this problem, but we have found that the syndrome does seem to correct itself with time. As the patients become stronger and their age increases, they catch up with their peer group. A 1978 study by Robertson documented five of six children attaining normal levels of skills appropriately. In another recent study, Ment researched eighteen infants with seventeen eventually developing within normal limits. Shunting of CSF through surgical intervention does not seem to be needed. We hope to continue our study and follow these children on a long-term basis, seeking to find the total picture of this seemingly benign syndrome. PMID- 6554304 TI - Minimizing promotion trauma. AB - In the April 1983 issue of JONA, the authors identified four major causes and the costs of promotion trauma. Nursing administrators can both minimize this trauma and its unnecessary cost by building awareness of the transition process, clarifying roles and expectations, and attending to the promoted employee's needs by developing a systematic program of manager care. Such support and encouragement can help promotees achieve the expected levels of competency in a shorter period of time, with less personal anguish. This article will help nursing administrators to develop a concept of manager care buttressed with programs for orientation of new managers, skills of mentoring, and systems of monitoring. PMID- 6554305 TI - Measuring nursing workload in an outpatient department. AB - Estimating outpatient nursing workload on the basis of visit volume loses validity as utilization of services by patients with complex nursing needs increases. In response to this challenge, nursing administrators at all levels must maintain an awareness of new methods to measure and predict outpatient nursing workload. Accurate quantification of the workload is a valuable tool in justifying costs, particularly in the face of health care regulation, and in developing billing systems that reflect actual nursing practice. Using the concept of relative value units (RVU), the authors describe a nursing workload measurement system developed in the outpatient department of a regional cancer center. PMID- 6554306 TI - Networking: a method of retaining nursing staff. AB - Nursing administrators are well aware of the negative impact of nursing turnover on the quality of nursing care and the productivity of a nursing department. They are equally aware of the high cost of continually recruiting and orienting new nursing staff. Yet finding a solution to the problem of turnover has proved very difficult. This article proposes the use of networking as a method of retaining nursing staff. A conceptual design is offered that focuses on communication and collaboration. This networking plan relies on aspects of the nursing process- assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation--to reach its goal: retention of high-quality nursing staff. PMID- 6554307 TI - The health care industry in the marketplace: implications for nursing. AB - Recent economic changes have had a substantial impact on health care. For nursing to survive, nurse administrators must develop strategies based on economic theories and realities. Reaganomics is based on many of Milton Friedman's theories and frameworks. This article explores these theories as they apply to future nursing opportunities. As a nurse administrator you feel the economic crunch--now it's time to base your strategies on these realities. PMID- 6554308 TI - A malpractice dilemma: defining standards of care for certified nurse-midwives. PMID- 6554309 TI - The role of the midwife in permanent contraception. PMID- 6554310 TI - Breastfeeding after breast reduction mammoplasty. PMID- 6554311 TI - Nutritional intervention in pregnancy. PMID- 6554312 TI - Anatomy of a compromise: nurse-midwifery and the rise of the birth center. PMID- 6554313 TI - Nurse-midwifery prototypes: clinical practice and education. The Alternative Birth Center in Jacksonville, Florida: the first two years. PMID- 6554314 TI - Midwifery in France. PMID- 6554316 TI - The intricacies of professional shoe making. Buying smart shoes smartly! PMID- 6554315 TI - Infection control. Communicable diseases in the OR: when are you at risk? PMID- 6554317 TI - Laser use in medicine: an update. PMID- 6554318 TI - Caffeine: psychiatric grounds for concern. PMID- 6554319 TI - Interview: Bill Reynolds. PMID- 6554320 TI - Seclusion. The process of intervening. PMID- 6554321 TI - The formula frenzie. PMID- 6554322 TI - Intraocular injectable miotics. PMID- 6554323 TI - Research philosophy and techniques for the ophthalmic team. PMID- 6554324 TI - What's your impression? Pterygium. PMID- 6554325 TI - Guidelines to observe in extended-wear lenses. PMID- 6554326 TI - Spotlight on photography: common artifacts in fundus photography. PMID- 6554327 TI - Perspective on contact lenses: using contact lenses as a tool for understanding. PMID- 6554328 TI - [Various clinical problems concerning sexuality--our concept and approach to the problems]. PMID- 6554329 TI - [Nursing approach to sexuality of patients--analysis of the nursing personnel's attitude in negating patients' sexuality]. PMID- 6554330 TI - [Understanding of patients' sexuality by nursing personnel--with special reference to the approach to sexual problems in the United States]. PMID- 6554331 TI - [Nursing interactions with patients with sexual problems: description of a nursing scene]. PMID- 6554332 TI - [A support band to be used following implantation of an artificial pacemaker]. PMID- 6554333 TI - [Bedside nursing: introduction of patient education by interviews at an ambulatory clinic specializing in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6554335 TI - [Significance in reviewing a nursing process]. PMID- 6554334 TI - [Bedside nursing: assistance in successful discharge of an infant following extended hospitalization]. PMID- 6554336 TI - [An attempt at a day care of handicapped children. 8. For therapeutic recreation- from the viewpoint of physical recreation]. PMID- 6554337 TI - [Experience in psychiatric wards. 3. Self-mutilation: violent and yet pathetic self-expression]. PMID- 6554338 TI - [Clinical aspects of adolescence. 11. A junior high school girl with anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 6554339 TI - [Clinical effects of alcohol. 3. Science of intoxication (1). In vivo metabolism of alcohol]. PMID- 6554340 TI - [Questions and answers on oral diseases. 12. Systemic diseases with symptoms in the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6554341 TI - [Understanding of patients by the Balint method. 3. The relationship between the purposes in life and medicine]. PMID- 6554342 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Reiko Taketani, a visiting home nurse instructor of the Japanese Red Cross]. PMID- 6554343 TI - [Report from Nepal. 3. Lives of the Nepalese and their views on life and death]. PMID- 6554344 TI - [Current indications for cardiac surgery of various congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 6554345 TI - [Pre- and post-operative management, habilitation and rehabilitation of children with congenital heart disease]. PMID- 6554346 TI - [The follow-up study and problems in congenital heart disease after discharge]. PMID- 6554347 TI - [Nursing Standard. Pre-operative stress in infancy and nursing intervention: through the cases of children with tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6554348 TI - [Nursing management. Pre-operative nursing care for children with congenital heart disease]. PMID- 6554349 TI - [Nursing arts. Atelectasis in the post-operative period in patients with congenital heart disease]. PMID- 6554350 TI - [Patient education. Approach to mothers' anxieties over their children's surgery]. PMID- 6554351 TI - [Nursing care of a child with T/F complicating LOS (low output syndrome)]. PMID- 6554352 TI - [An analysis of a child who proved to make insufficient upper limb movement after cardiac surgery: through a psychosomatic view point]. PMID- 6554353 TI - [Looking back at the approaches to the child with congenital heart disease: especially at the "thirst" of the postoperative period]. PMID- 6554354 TI - [Nursing management of the patient after occipital artery and posterior inferior cerebral artery anastomosis]. PMID- 6554355 TI - [Nursing care in induced hypertension therapy for patients with cerebral vasospasm]. PMID- 6554356 TI - [A survey of attitudes of patients undergoing panendoscopy]. PMID- 6554357 TI - [A device for stabilizing cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 6554358 TI - [Color atlas of urological and reproductive organ abnormalities]. PMID- 6554359 TI - [Diagnosis of urologic and genital system diseases]. PMID- 6554360 TI - [Significance of nursing diagnosis of the patient with urological and reproductive organ disease]. PMID- 6554361 TI - [Nursing care of an alcoholic in an outpatient ward]. PMID- 6554363 TI - [Disease caused by habitual way of living]. PMID- 6554362 TI - [Instruction on the diagnostic process: an experimental study]. PMID- 6554364 TI - [Habit: viewpoint through behavioral medicine]. PMID- 6554365 TI - [Self-care as treatment]. PMID- 6554366 TI - [Self care in health administrative education: what is a sound "life style"?]. PMID- 6554367 TI - [Self-care in the contemporary health service system]. PMID- 6554368 TI - [Self-care education in primary nursing]. PMID- 6554369 TI - [Promotion of self-care and the role of nurses]. PMID- 6554370 TI - [Self-care assessment and self-care education]. PMID- 6554371 TI - [Theory of self-care: a trial of joint practice in home care service]. PMID- 6554372 TI - [Nurses' responsibilities in self-care education: trends and scope]. PMID- 6554373 TI - [Efficient medical care and self-care]. PMID- 6554374 TI - [A group therapy of behavioral modification]. PMID- 6554375 TI - [Community and family programs for children with asthma]. PMID- 6554376 TI - [Nursing care of the acute leukemia patient with unfavorable prognosis]. PMID- 6554377 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with post-operative complications after duodenopancreatectomy]. PMID- 6554378 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with sexual organ cancer under continuous infusion therapy]. PMID- 6554380 TI - [Self expression and nursing education]. PMID- 6554379 TI - [Guest forum: future medical service changes]. PMID- 6554381 TI - [Future of regional nursing education: with special reference to regional clinical education in nursing]. PMID- 6554382 TI - [Problems in nursing education for regional nursing activities: formats for clinical training to achieve the educational goals]. PMID- 6554383 TI - [The fruit of regional clinical training in nursing: a form of nursing education to meet the demand of the new era]. PMID- 6554384 TI - [Evaluation of the group work in nursing by the group]. PMID- 6554385 TI - [Study on changes in acquisition of nursing technology during clinical training]. PMID- 6554386 TI - [Emergency nursing (3). An attempt at participation in public education]. PMID- 6554387 TI - [On nursing education. 9. On classroom lectures on theories of comprehensive nursing]. PMID- 6554388 TI - [In search of educational humanity (3). My approach to education: understanding of students]. PMID- 6554389 TI - [Music at the beginning of life. Why it is important that future parents sing to their unborn child]. PMID- 6554390 TI - [Sudden unexpected infant death]. PMID- 6554391 TI - [Childbirth: perceived as a joint effort by the woman in labor and the midwife]. PMID- 6554393 TI - [Midwives in rural communities have to adapt to important changes. Interview by Sirkka Aberg]. PMID- 6554392 TI - [Guidelines for the education of midwives]. PMID- 6554394 TI - [Role of clinical instructors in clinical training]. PMID- 6554395 TI - [Cooperation of the nursing school teachers and head nurses in clinical training of nursing students]. PMID- 6554396 TI - [On preparation of a system for clinical training of nursing students]. PMID- 6554397 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical training of nursing students: a difficult problem for the clinical instructor]. PMID- 6554398 TI - [Clinical training systems at hospitals. Continuing workshops for clinical instructors for the improvement of clinical nursing training]. PMID- 6554399 TI - [A survey on menstruation]. PMID- 6554400 TI - [Salary scales reflecting clinical competence--a method to encourage nurses and improve the quality of nursing]. PMID- 6554401 TI - [Man: his new clinical image (15). The human body and civilization. (1). A discussion]. PMID- 6554402 TI - [Problem solving methods (2). Management of the problem]. PMID- 6554403 TI - [Evaluation of a nursing format at a tertiary emergency medical center]. PMID- 6554404 TI - [Clinical training of nursing students in psychiatry]. PMID- 6554405 TI - [Teaching and instructional materials at a nursing school (15). A suggestion on teaching to stimulate students' thinking process (2). Technics in preparation of teaching plans at the clinical training conference]. PMID- 6554407 TI - [Symptoms and nursing. 2. Dehydration (1)]. PMID- 6554406 TI - [Problems in clinical training of nursing students: analysis of the nursing records prepared by nursing students]. PMID- 6554408 TI - [Arrhythmia]. PMID- 6554409 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with liver cancer. Physiopathology of liver cancer]. PMID- 6554410 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with liver cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer]. PMID- 6554411 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with liver cancer. Nursing process for patients with liver cancer]. PMID- 6554412 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with liver cancer. A case study]. PMID- 6554413 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with liver cancer. Evaluation of the nursing process: a discussion]. PMID- 6554414 TI - [Changing scenes in hospital nursing: a thought on pediatric psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 6554415 TI - [Assistance extended to an asthmatic patient who has been repeatedly hospitalized for improvement of respiratory function--assistance in training in abdominal respiration, lower thoracic respiration, and exercise programs designed for asthmatic patients]. PMID- 6554416 TI - [Study of specially designed nursing care--interactions with a cerebral palsy patient]. PMID- 6554417 TI - [Nursing of a diabetic patient who has undergone amputation of the left leg]. PMID- 6554418 TI - [Psychology of cancer patients. Fighting back the disease process--the third trial]. PMID- 6554419 TI - [Introduction to nursing case studies: methodology]. PMID- 6554420 TI - [Clinical nursing conference: lessons in clinical training. Nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of tongue cancer]. PMID- 6554421 TI - [Fluid therapy (2). Methods]. PMID- 6554422 TI - [Keypoints in nursing planning. Preparation of a nursing plan to meet the basic needs]. PMID- 6554423 TI - [Test yourself. Keypoints in nursing: nursing of a patient with multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6554424 TI - Teaching political process along with nursing process. PMID- 6554425 TI - Postpartum depression. PMID- 6554426 TI - Practices of tradition for pregnancy. PMID- 6554427 TI - Women's perceptions of change in relationships shared with children during pregnancy. AB - This study examined women's perceptions of changing relationships shared with children during pregnancy. Fourteen women were interviewed at approximately monthly intervals from the third through the last month of their pregnancies. During these interviews, each woman indicated whether or not she shared an important relationship with a child or children and, if such a relationship was identified, the woman (a) identified the role position of the child, (b) gave an overall evaluation of the relationship as satisfactory or unsatisfactory, (c) described the specific changes which had influenced the relationship in the month prior to the interview, and (d) evaluated each of these specific changes as either good or worrisome. Only the nine multiparas participating in the study identified children in important relationships. Almost exclusively, their sons and daughters were named in these relational dyads. No important relationships with children were identified by the five primiparous women. This finding suggests that the social space of the multipara and primipara differ significantly. The findings of this study reveal that complex and stressful mother-child interactional processes characterize the pregnancy period. Multiparas described relationships with their children as changing over the months of their pregnancies and these changes were seen to effect significant alterations in the dyads. The women explained that their younger children "knew something was different" early in the pregnancies and that the children reacted in a diffuse, clinging manner. Apparently, maternal action patterns became different during pregnancy and the children sensed and reacted to these differences. Older children responded both to their fears of displacement and to the sexual aspects of their mother's pregnancies. Findings indicate that women with children need much support from others in order to deal with the changes they perceive in their mother-child relationships during pregnancy. Mothers who are not supported by others cannot, in turn, help and support their children through a difficult reorganizational period. PMID- 6554429 TI - Educators in clinics and classrooms. PMID- 6554428 TI - Concerns and needs of mothers providing home care for children with tracheostomies. PMID- 6554430 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a new challenge for nursing. PMID- 6554431 TI - Introduction to financial planning. PMID- 6554432 TI - Oncology nursing at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. PMID- 6554433 TI - [Kallikrein excretion in normal urine and urine subjected to gel filtration in normal subjects]. PMID- 6554434 TI - The first nurse-midwifery service in Michigan. PMID- 6554435 TI - Political participation: nursing's professional challenge. PMID- 6554436 TI - Communicating with your legislator. PMID- 6554437 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6554438 TI - The prostaglandins. PMID- 6554439 TI - Babies' sleeping habits. PMID- 6554440 TI - The 'Home-Start' scheme. PMID- 6554442 TI - The future organisation of midwifery education in England. PMID- 6554441 TI - Night owls in Harlow town. PMID- 6554443 TI - GP antenatal clinics. PMID- 6554444 TI - "Let's do it your way". PMID- 6554446 TI - CMB celebrations mark the end of an era. PMID- 6554445 TI - Two accounts of childbirth by mothers and midwives: Personal experience. PMID- 6554447 TI - Nurses speak collectively in ongoing fight for nursing autonomy. PMID- 6554448 TI - Networking: tactic for the Supreme Court case. PMID- 6554449 TI - Promoting nursing unity: results. PMID- 6554450 TI - Targeted mutagenesis of SV40 DNA induced by UV light. AB - UV light is a potent mutagen in most living cells, but molecular analysis of its mode of action in animal cells has not been possible because of the high complexity of the cell genome. Therefore, we have used simian virus 40 (SV40) as a biological probe to study the mutagenic effect of UV-irradiation at the molecular level. A thermosensitive SV40 mutant of the large T antigen (tsA58), which is defective at high temperature for initiation of viral DNA replication and for repression of early transcription, was UV-irradiated in vitro, then replicated in monkey kidney cells. Revertants of tsA58 were selected for growth at the nonpermissive temperature, then the reversion sites were mapped by using the marker rescue technique, and precisely localized by DNA sequencing. We report here that all revertants analysed showed one or two base pair substitutions localized in the C-terminal half of the T antigen gene. The original tsA58 mutation was still present in all revertant genomes. In 16 DNAs sequenced, seven reversion sites were found on the large T antigen gene, all of which localized opposite a possible UV-induced pyrimidine-pyrimidine lesion, suggesting targeted mutagenesis. UV-irradiation of the host cell before infection did not change the pattern of reversion sites at the molecular level, although it strongly increased the mutation frequency. These results demonstrate for the first time in animal cells the specificity of UV-induced mutagenesis. PMID- 6554451 TI - Professional and economic self-governance in nursing. PMID- 6554452 TI - Release of liability forms: will the courts listen? PMID- 6554453 TI - Increase your after-tax income. PMID- 6554454 TI - Theory Z management and health care organizations. PMID- 6554455 TI - Toward a policy perspective for nursing. PMID- 6554457 TI - What is business savvy? PMID- 6554456 TI - IOM study: conditional endorsement given to separate cost-revenue centers for nursing. PMID- 6554458 TI - Nurses and policymaking: Washington fellowships. PMID- 6554459 TI - Increased urinary kallikrein-like activity in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. AB - The role of the kallikrein system in the natriuresis of SIADH was studied in 3 patients. Following free water intake, serum Na decreased. Urinary Na excretion, urinary aldosterone excretion and urinary kallikrein-like activity (UKaV) increased. Significant relationships were observed between UKaV and urinary aldosterone excretion during the study. Further, there were significant relationships between serum Na and UKaV, and between uric acid clearance and UKaV. In 1 patient, who was observed for a longer period, a significant relationship was observed between Na clearance and UKaV. We conclude that UKaV is increased during hyponatremia in SIADH by volume expansion. This increase in UKaV may play a role in the natriuresis in SIADH. PMID- 6554460 TI - From the president. PMID- 6554461 TI - Transparent I.V. dressings vs. traditional dressings. An inservice evaluation. PMID- 6554462 TI - Capillaries: a microexplanation. PMID- 6554463 TI - A performance evaluation system for a pharmacy-based I.V. therapy team. PMID- 6554464 TI - Making the NITA standards work for you. PMID- 6554465 TI - Nurses and research. Responsibility and involvement. PMID- 6554467 TI - Preparing nurses for the technologic future. PMID- 6554466 TI - College graduates: the hidden nursing population. PMID- 6554468 TI - Demystifying research mystique. PMID- 6554469 TI - Building a nursing support group. PMID- 6554470 TI - Goal impediments in two hospice programs. PMID- 6554471 TI - Nurse--physician relationships: the ongoing conflict. PMID- 6554472 TI - Power: a negative or positive force in relationships? PMID- 6554473 TI - Interdependent decision making: redefining professional autonomy. PMID- 6554474 TI - Collaborative practice: what's in it for medicine? PMID- 6554475 TI - Collaborative practice in the hospital: what's in it for nursing? PMID- 6554476 TI - Professional collaboration in health care administration. PMID- 6554477 TI - Seeing nurse--physician--administrator relationships as a circle. PMID- 6554479 TI - Collaborative practice: becoming a reality through primary nursing. PMID- 6554478 TI - Now you have decided you want it, how do you do it? PMID- 6554480 TI - Why argue? collaborative practice works. PMID- 6554481 TI - Collaborative practice at Hartford Hospital. PMID- 6554482 TI - Books for nursing administrators. PMID- 6554483 TI - Sharing: hospice isn't just a place. PMID- 6554485 TI - Congestive heart failure: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6554484 TI - The ups and downs of serum Ph. PMID- 6554486 TI - Shortcuts to a more complete postanesthesia room transfer: summary. PMID- 6554487 TI - Caring for the AIDS patient--fearlessly. PMID- 6554488 TI - Helping your patient with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6554491 TI - You can breathe new life into your COPD patients. PMID- 6554489 TI - What is it like to be dying? PMID- 6554492 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing assessment. Part 1. PMID- 6554493 TI - Nursing in paediatric skin conditions. PMID- 6554494 TI - Surgery in dermatology. PMID- 6554495 TI - Dermatology in pigmented skin. PMID- 6554497 TI - Topical treatments: a simple guide. PMID- 6554496 TI - The skin and systemic disease. PMID- 6554498 TI - Infections of the skin. PMID- 6554499 TI - Drugs in nursing: drugs and the skin. PMID- 6554500 TI - Growth and repair. PMID- 6554501 TI - Normal physiology from injury to repair. PMID- 6554502 TI - First aid. PMID- 6554503 TI - Rickets: the return of a preventable disease. PMID- 6554505 TI - Guidelines to leg ulcer care. PMID- 6554504 TI - Burns injuries. PMID- 6554506 TI - Nursing management of pressure sores. PMID- 6554507 TI - Multiple injuries. PMID- 6554508 TI - Dentistry. PMID- 6554510 TI - Pneumonectomy. PMID- 6554509 TI - Care study: a preterm baby with hydrocephalus. PMID- 6554511 TI - Bone metastases. PMID- 6554512 TI - Sympathectomy in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6554513 TI - Hernias. PMID- 6554514 TI - Intracranial haemorrhage. PMID- 6554515 TI - Head injuries. PMID- 6554516 TI - Rehabilitation following head injury. PMID- 6554517 TI - Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6554518 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia. PMID- 6554519 TI - Epilepsy in adults. PMID- 6554520 TI - The challenge of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6554521 TI - The infant with meningitis. PMID- 6554522 TI - Migraine. PMID- 6554523 TI - Migraine--a personal account. PMID- 6554524 TI - Spinal lesions. PMID- 6554525 TI - Structure and function of the skin. PMID- 6554526 TI - The role of the nurse in the skin care team. PMID- 6554527 TI - Parasitic skin infections. PMID- 6554529 TI - Patch testing for contact dermatitis. PMID- 6554528 TI - Contact dermatitis. PMID- 6554530 TI - A matter of skin psoriasis. PMID- 6554531 TI - Prevention of skin breakdown. PMID- 6554532 TI - Softening the blow: how to break bad news to a patient's family. PMID- 6554534 TI - How good is health care today? A NursingLife poll report: part 1. PMID- 6554533 TI - Dr. Bingham couldn't care less what nurses thought. PMID- 6554535 TI - Seizures, tachycardia, and abnormal electrolytes: what's wrong with this patient? PMID- 6554536 TI - Protecting your patients from drug interactions. PMID- 6554537 TI - How to stand up for yourself and get away with it. PMID- 6554538 TI - MAST: not just for the emergency department anymore. PMID- 6554539 TI - Shopping for orders: two viewpoints on a common problem--for nurses and doctors. PMID- 6554540 TI - 20 questions about nursing negligence. PMID- 6554541 TI - Court case. A patient's right to privacy. PMID- 6554542 TI - Breach of duty: how to recognize it before it happens. PMID- 6554543 TI - Mechanical CPR: why it's better. PMID- 6554544 TI - How to deal with rude, demanding, unreasonable people. PMID- 6554545 TI - Septic shock. PMID- 6554546 TI - Respiratory problems in a previously healthy patient. What's wrong here? PMID- 6554547 TI - How good is health care today? A Nursing Life poll report: part 2. PMID- 6554548 TI - Mollie was willing. She just wasn't able. PMID- 6554549 TI - A little music: why the dying aren't allowed to die. PMID- 6554550 TI - Pay us what we're worth, nurses demand. PMID- 6554551 TI - Nursing care delivery systems: what is the most effective means of assigning patients for nursing care? PMID- 6554552 TI - External dynamics, faculty role and the curriculum. PMID- 6554553 TI - Partnerships in continuing education staff/development. PMID- 6554554 TI - Nurses at work in America: a history of nursing's economic and general welfare posture. PMID- 6554555 TI - Monitoring the nursing process. PMID- 6554556 TI - Interview for recruitment. Interview by Janet Barber. PMID- 6554557 TI - The eye and ear clinic, Belfast. PMID- 6554558 TI - The future of nurse management. PMID- 6554559 TI - Expansion at the Princess Grace. PMID- 6554560 TI - Termination of life-sustaining treatment. PMID- 6554561 TI - Staffing assignment: by task or by patient. PMID- 6554562 TI - As patients see us . . . PMID- 6554563 TI - Practical management course. Module 3: nurse/physician relationship: part I. Some basic insights (continuing education). PMID- 6554564 TI - Evaluating conversion to primary nursing. PMID- 6554565 TI - An additive model to promote biculturism. PMID- 6554566 TI - Art and science of management: professional judgment. PMID- 6554567 TI - On being a manager in rural Montana. PMID- 6554568 TI - Keeping talented RNs in hospital practice. PMID- 6554569 TI - The third stage. PMID- 6554570 TI - Air transportation of the critically burned. PMID- 6554571 TI - Complications of burn injury. PMID- 6554572 TI - Intervention strategies for victims of work-related burn injuries. PMID- 6554573 TI - Home care for the burn victim. PMID- 6554574 TI - Marital satisfaction of the post-rehabilitation burn patient. PMID- 6554575 TI - Family adjustment when the breadwinner is burned. PMID- 6554577 TI - Burn injuries (continuing education). PMID- 6554576 TI - Burn care in the industrial setting. PMID- 6554578 TI - Overview: burn injuries. PMID- 6554579 TI - How to use a direct ophthalmoscope. PMID- 6554580 TI - Retinal vascular diseases. PMID- 6554581 TI - The primary prevention of premature CVD: update. PMID- 6554582 TI - Observational learning in occupational health nursing education. PMID- 6554584 TI - Maximizing rate of return on CE investments. PMID- 6554583 TI - Drugs and dosages: Bumex. PMID- 6554585 TI - Restraints: when and how. PMID- 6554586 TI - Chemical dependency in the nursing profession: a call for action. PMID- 6554587 TI - Politics: a nursing intervention. PMID- 6554588 TI - Ethylene oxide: a hazard to health care workers. PMID- 6554589 TI - Nurse's firing reversed. Collective bargaining and its contribution to nursing practice: a case in point. PMID- 6554590 TI - The power of nurses. PMID- 6554592 TI - [Health for all - task for everyone]. PMID- 6554591 TI - Substance abuse: an occupational hazard among nurses. PMID- 6554593 TI - [Health for all - a task for nurses]. PMID- 6554594 TI - [Bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 6554595 TI - [Cross-section of the opinions on the overall theme. From the experiences of a student nurse]. PMID- 6554597 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of care from the hospital physician's viewpoint]. PMID- 6554596 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of the care of a sick child from the mother's viewpoint]. PMID- 6554598 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of care from a nursing assistant's viewpoint]. PMID- 6554599 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of care - experienced by patients]. PMID- 6554600 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of care - a look backward and prospects]. PMID- 6554601 TI - Car restraints for children--the nurse's role. PMID- 6554602 TI - Nursing: a social policy statement? "I never heard of it.". PMID- 6554603 TI - Home IV antibiotic therapy - a valid alternative to prolonged hospitalization. PMID- 6554605 TI - West Penn nurses treat inmates no different than any other patients--nursing care includes: dignity, respect and courtesy. Faces of nursing. PMID- 6554604 TI - Nurses employed in prisons have tough role to provide adequate nursing care. PMID- 6554606 TI - National League for Nursing: bylaws. PMID- 6554607 TI - Nursing and health care in the 80's. A document prepared by the Interdivision Coordinating Committee. PMID- 6554608 TI - Research for the undergraduate: too much, too soon? PMID- 6554609 TI - Competition in health care. What will it mean for nurses? PMID- 6554610 TI - Nurse practitioners: a decade of change--part III. PMID- 6554611 TI - Block nursing: neighbors caring for neighbors. PMID- 6554612 TI - A team approach to health care. PMID- 6554613 TI - A code of ethics for nurse educators. PMID- 6554614 TI - An instrument for theory and research development using the behavioral systems model for nursing: the cancer patient. Part II. AB - The purpose of the Derdiarian Behavioral System Model (DBSM) instrument was to measure and describe, within the Johnson Behavioral System Model (JBSM) perspective, the perceived behavioral changes of the cancer patient. Based on Johnson's (1968, 1980) premise that illness as a noxious stimulus effects imbalance in the behavioral system of the human being, it was extrapolated that changes that occur in a patient's behavioral patterns would be perceived by the patient. Thus, changes would reflect the description of the imbalance in the patient's behavioral system, which needs to be identified and described in a systematic way. The description of change was envisioned in terms of (1) the perceived existence of change; (2) the direction of change--increase or decrease; (3) the quality of change--positive or negative; (4) the importance of change- its significance; and (5) the physical, psychological, or emotional effect(s) of the illness perceived as causally associated with the change. PMID- 6554615 TI - A meta-analytic analysis of effects of psychoeducational interventions on length of postsurgical hospital stay. AB - Forty-nine studies of the relationships between brief psychoeducational interventions and the length of postsurgical hospitalization are reviewed using meta-analysis. Results show that interventions reduce hospital stay about 1 1/4 days and that reduction does not depend on whether the studies were published or not, whether the discharging physician was aware of the patient's experimental condition, or whether studies were lacking in internal validity. The interventions' effects on length of hospital stay are distinctly smaller in more recent studies, with analysis suggesting current treatments incorporate fewer components than earlier studies. Lesser effects are also found when the treatment is compared with a placebo-treatment group rather than a usual-care control group. This may be because placebo procedures often include educational and socially supportive components that constitute part of the psychoeducational interventions under review. The present study, providing a more stable foundation than previously available, supports the belief that brief psychoeducational interventions may be cost effective with surgical patients of many kinds because the length of hospital stay is reduced. PMID- 6554616 TI - The Chronicity Impact and Coping Instrument: Parent Questionnaire. AB - The Chronicity Impact and Coping Instrument: Parent Questionnaire (CICI:PQ) is an instrument to measure (1) parent perceptions of the impact of chronic childhood disorders on the family and (2) how parents cope with the difficulties they encounter as a result of their child's condition. It is intended for use by clinicians in various settings and by researchers interested in a variety of chronic childhood illnesses. PMID- 6554617 TI - Effects of information on postsurgical coping. AB - This study examined the effects of providing patients with selected types of information prior to surgery and the reported frequency of use of coping behaviors following surgery. The relationship of the reported frequency of coping behaviors and outcomes of surgery was also explored. A total of 111 patients were randomly assigned to three groups. One received procedure information; a second, procedure and sensation information; and a third group, procedure and sensation information, plus information on selected coping strategies. Results showed no evidence that the type of information provided for patients prior to surgery increased the reported frequency of coping behaviors or that the reported frequency of coping behaviors was related to improved outcomes as evaluated by pain intensity, distress, or selected physical complications. PMID- 6554618 TI - Subjective appraisal of psychological well-being and self-reports of menstrual and nonmenstrual symptomatology in employed women. PMID- 6554620 TI - Determining the market for Family Nurse Practitioner services: the Seattle experience. AB - Using a stratified random sample of 239 Seattle residents, a telephone survey was conducted to investigate the relationships between consumer values and consumer intentions to use Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) services. Applying marketing theories, this study indicated that 27.3% of the respondents intended to use FNP care. Stepwise discriminant analysis suggested that the best predictors of intention to use FNP services were age, family size, compatibility of services with individual and family norms, knowledge about FNPs, and the value attached to health education, which is part of FNP care. Evidence from this study suggests that potential users of FNP services are primarily women, who are relatively more affluent, better-educated, and younger than the general population. Analysis of the characteristics, values, and knowledge of this group provides valuable information for designing effective marketing strategies to reach this target market, meeting the needs of both consumers and providers of care. PMID- 6554619 TI - Stress and coping among hospice nurses: test of an analytic model. AB - Nursing is a profession with high levels of occupational stress, especially for those employed in hospice settings. This study considered the stressors, mediators, and adaptations evident among 100 hospice nurses from 20 facilities. The research tested an analytic model of stress that included social and predisposing conditioning factors, stress appraisals, coping strategies, social resources, and adaptive status. Entered as sets in a hierarchical regression analysis, stress appraisals and coping strategies proved to be the best predictors of adaptive status. Social resources exerted a more indirect influence. PMID- 6554621 TI - Labor force participation among registered nurses and women in comparable occupations. AB - Comparison of labor force participation of female nurses with women in comparable occupations showed no difference in overall participation rates. However, analysis by family life cycle did show differences: married nurses of all ages with young children were more likely to be in the labor force than those over age 35 without young children, while the reverse was true for married women in the comparison groups. Data were obtained from a pooled national sample survey of adult noninstitutionalized persons residing in the continental United States from 1972 through 1978 and 1980. Separate discriminant function analyses on nurses, teachers, and a composite group of other women using independent variables derived from a conceptual model of pushes and pulls into the labor force and labor force status as the dichotomous dependent variable were compared. Findings indicated that the presence of young children at home keeps married teachers and others out of the labor force but has no effect on married nurses. PMID- 6554623 TI - Preparing an abstract of a nursing study. PMID- 6554622 TI - Univariate statistical models for meta-analysis. PMID- 6554624 TI - Nursing theory. PMID- 6554625 TI - What's going on here. PMID- 6554627 TI - Making managers effective. PMID- 6554626 TI - Commanding the quarterdeck. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6554628 TI - Developing top managers. PMID- 6554629 TI - Organic psychiatric disorders--3. Extended cognitive state examination. PMID- 6554630 TI - Nursing in child health--1. Health and the child. PMID- 6554631 TI - Nurse Smith's notes. Understanding drug treatment II. PMID- 6554632 TI - The use of role play. PMID- 6554633 TI - The infection prone child. 1. Aspects of microbiology. PMID- 6554634 TI - The immaculate stoma. PMID- 6554635 TI - 2. Child abuse--the real questions. PMID- 6554636 TI - Under the influence: glue sniffing. PMID- 6554637 TI - The importance of caring cleaners. PMID- 6554638 TI - Giving in to the stereotype. PMID- 6554639 TI - Down among the bedpans? PMID- 6554641 TI - Letter from America. Ethical conflicts. PMID- 6554642 TI - Nursing in child health--2. Nursing and the nurse. PMID- 6554640 TI - Pain and the portable syringe pump. PMID- 6554643 TI - The RSCN of the future? PMID- 6554644 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 6554645 TI - Talipes equinovarus. PMID- 6554646 TI - Me and my ward. Providing service to the customers. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6554647 TI - Nursing auxiliaries--learning together. PMID- 6554649 TI - Mastectomy nursing. PMID- 6554648 TI - The infection-prone child--2. Protective care. PMID- 6554650 TI - Caring & Sharing. The gentleman of the road. PMID- 6554651 TI - In the public eye: the Dettol Midwifery Award. PMID- 6554653 TI - Infant morbidity and preconceptual care. PMID- 6554652 TI - The midwife in medical research. PMID- 6554654 TI - Ready to face the future. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6554655 TI - A unit for the future: regional secure units. PMID- 6554656 TI - Too little, too late? Regional secure units. PMID- 6554657 TI - Nuclear illusions. PMID- 6554658 TI - Nursing care study: a tormented mind. PMID- 6554660 TI - Mental health nursing: a clear commitment. PMID- 6554659 TI - 3. Control of IV infusions. PMID- 6554661 TI - Mental health nursing. ECT: a balanced perspective? PMID- 6554662 TI - Mental health nursing. Experiential learning and the curriculum. PMID- 6554663 TI - Sharing the care. PMID- 6554664 TI - Aren't our policemen wonderful? PMID- 6554665 TI - Assessing a high-risk group. PMID- 6554666 TI - Enhancing patient-nurse communication. PMID- 6554667 TI - Are we being served? PMID- 6554668 TI - A centre of local pride: St Andrews Hospital burns unit. PMID- 6554669 TI - Banking on agency nurses. PMID- 6554670 TI - Licensed to care. PMID- 6554671 TI - Moonlight--and roses? Agency work. PMID- 6554672 TI - The story of Annie. PMID- 6554673 TI - Nurse Smith's notes: understanding drug treatment. 12. PMID- 6554674 TI - Learning through experience. PMID- 6554675 TI - Management case study: a conflict over clinical procedures. PMID- 6554676 TI - Equipped for the job: 4. Continental quilts--their use in hospitals. PMID- 6554677 TI - Out of the shadows: a new recruitment film for psychiatric nurses. PMID- 6554678 TI - Soaring temperatures. PMID- 6554679 TI - A commitment to change. PMID- 6554680 TI - Call sister--stress in the A & E department. PMID- 6554682 TI - Equipped for the future: 5. Portable baby scales. PMID- 6554681 TI - From a consumer's point of view. PMID- 6554683 TI - The nursing services budget. PMID- 6554684 TI - A Wessex home from home. PMID- 6554685 TI - The Bereweeke skill-teaching system. PMID- 6554686 TI - Nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6554687 TI - Letter from America: back to school. PMID- 6554688 TI - A holiday of a lifetime. PMID- 6554689 TI - What a waste! Clinical waste. PMID- 6554690 TI - Psychological factors in hospital infection. PMID- 6554692 TI - The consumer hits back. Interview by Andrew Cole. PMID- 6554691 TI - An outbreak of diphtheria. PMID- 6554693 TI - The lost decade? The Briggs report. PMID- 6554694 TI - Aftermath of a disaster. PMID- 6554695 TI - A baby with retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6554697 TI - So you think you know about time off for union business? PMID- 6554696 TI - Drinking habits during pregnancy. PMID- 6554698 TI - Nurses and youth training. A basis for nurse education? PMID- 6554699 TI - Nurses and youth training. The youth training scheme. PMID- 6554700 TI - Principles of research: a checklist. PMID- 6554701 TI - Focus on school nursing. Images of the primary school nurse. PMID- 6554702 TI - Focus on school nursing. Screening secondary school children. PMID- 6554703 TI - Focus on school nursing. Enuresis alarms do work. PMID- 6554704 TI - Nursing care study. Edith--fit for discharge? PMID- 6554705 TI - Caring and sharing. The friendly group. PMID- 6554706 TI - A 20th century plague? AIDS. PMID- 6554707 TI - Negotiating skills for the nursing service administrator. PMID- 6554708 TI - The decision-making process and the nursing administrator. PMID- 6554709 TI - Establishing a criterion-based performance appraisal for a department of nursing. PMID- 6554710 TI - Risk management and nursing. PMID- 6554711 TI - Executive team development. PMID- 6554712 TI - Nursing careerism. Challenges for the nursing administrator. PMID- 6554713 TI - Adapting management by objectives to nursing. AB - MBO--what is it? It is a philosophy, a process, a system, a strategy, a procedure, a technique, and a method for and of managers who seek ways to challenge themselves and their staff to see and contribute to the overall mission of the organization. MBO is energizing and demanding. It is work. It is accountability made real. MBO is adaptable to the nursing service setting. Managers responsible for nursing service units can take from the strategies of the MBO system the elements of formulation of goals and objectives, development of action plans, and implementation necessary to increase the accountability; and the output of the work rendered. MBO is a system of results and proven value. For this nurse, it is a logical way to manage the business of nursing. PMID- 6554714 TI - Nursing as a business. Financial management. AB - Nursing financial management is the natural outgrowth of the increased responsibility being assumed by nursing administrators. Fiscal knowledge, while often complex, is an essential aspect of the administrator's repertoire of skills and must be mastered to ensure a position of power within the total organization. At the same time, nursing administrators must understand the broad scope of financial management and be willing to teach and to delegate financial control to other members of the nursing management team. Financial management is a triad of complex, ongoing processes essential to institutional management. Nursing must address this new challenge and accept the responsibility for the business aspects of nursing. PMID- 6554715 TI - Preparing and using the clinical nurse specialist. A shared responsibility. PMID- 6554716 TI - Reducing nursing-staff stress through scheduling, orientation, and continuing education. PMID- 6554717 TI - The thistle and the edelweiss. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6554718 TI - With all due respect...interprofessional relations. PMID- 6554719 TI - Look, listen and learn. PMID- 6554720 TI - Good food guide. PMID- 6554721 TI - A case of theft. PMID- 6554722 TI - Made to measure learning. PMID- 6554723 TI - Detecting cervical cancer. PMID- 6554724 TI - Manic depression. PMID- 6554725 TI - Chronic schizophrenia-a life of indecision. PMID- 6554726 TI - Careers: getting back on course. PMID- 6554727 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 7. Childbearing in the 1980s. PMID- 6554728 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 7. A safe birth for all? PMID- 6554729 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 7. Alternative methods of delivery. PMID- 6554730 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 7. Breast is best. PMID- 6554731 TI - We are not registered know-alls. PMID- 6554732 TI - Where have all the angels gone? PMID- 6554733 TI - Unemployment/psychiatry. Will I work again. PMID- 6554734 TI - Chronic constipation and soiling. PMID- 6554735 TI - Nursing care study: torsion of the testis. PMID- 6554736 TI - Wasting time? PMID- 6554737 TI - Mental handicap: sex education. PMID- 6554738 TI - Starting with the basic premise. PMID- 6554739 TI - Community: from chalk to cheese? PMID- 6554740 TI - Nursing care study: chronic simple glaucoma. PMID- 6554741 TI - Offshore nursing. PMID- 6554742 TI - Why should nurses live in squalor? PMID- 6554743 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health nursing forum 7. Psychiatric patients and the law. PMID- 6554744 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum 7. A prisoner of herself. PMID- 6554745 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum 7. Who is Sylvia? PMID- 6554746 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum 7. The dangers of over-extension. PMID- 6554747 TI - No sense of community: homes fit for nurses. PMID- 6554748 TI - Pressure sores: a perennial problem. PMID- 6554749 TI - Psoriasis. PMID- 6554750 TI - Nichol's law: safety first. PMID- 6554751 TI - Law: unwanted visitors. PMID- 6554752 TI - A great test of determination. PMID- 6554753 TI - Education: less stress in the early days. PMID- 6554755 TI - The right of appeal. PMID- 6554754 TI - An alternative to surgery. PMID- 6554756 TI - Open to debate: abortion. PMID- 6554757 TI - Abortion: a highly emotional decision. PMID- 6554758 TI - Don't panic! Nursing an outbreak of typhoid fever. PMID- 6554759 TI - Tetraplegia: put yourself in my place. PMID- 6554760 TI - Portrait of an active tetraplegic. PMID- 6554761 TI - Careers: school nurse. PMID- 6554762 TI - Nursing mirror community forum 7. Liaison: the vital link. PMID- 6554764 TI - Discovering the need for scientific study. PMID- 6554763 TI - Nursing mirror community forum 7. Teaching for all. PMID- 6554765 TI - The disasters copers. PMID- 6554766 TI - The nuclear nightmare. PMID- 6554767 TI - The endocrine system. PMID- 6554768 TI - Water balance. PMID- 6554769 TI - Eradicating cervical cancer. PMID- 6554771 TI - Nurses are waking up at last. PMID- 6554770 TI - At the centre of moral problems. PMID- 6554772 TI - Scotch on the rocks. PMID- 6554773 TI - The importance of zinc. PMID- 6554774 TI - Nettles to grasp. PMID- 6554775 TI - Rheumatology nursing. PMID- 6554776 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum 7. Hormone replacement therapy. PMID- 6554777 TI - Are nurses fit for homes? PMID- 6554778 TI - Backs to the camera: relationship between nurses and the media. PMID- 6554779 TI - Homes fit for nurses: bricks and mortar. PMID- 6554780 TI - The ageing process--1. The fitness gap. PMID- 6554781 TI - Diary of a DN--1. Boadicea and the stormy petrel. PMID- 6554782 TI - Life is a celebration. PMID- 6554784 TI - Nursing policies--1. Playing by the rules. PMID- 6554783 TI - I'm afraid that... coping with a patient's relatives. PMID- 6554785 TI - Consent of minors to treatment. PMID- 6554786 TI - Education: the benefits of unity. PMID- 6554787 TI - It's time to philosophise. PMID- 6554788 TI - Nursing care study: young Winston. PMID- 6554789 TI - Kanga pads on trial. PMID- 6554790 TI - Careers: ward level nursing research. PMID- 6554791 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum 8: fighting phobias. PMID- 6554792 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum 8. A fear of cancer. PMID- 6554793 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum 8. Obsessive compulsive disorder. PMID- 6554794 TI - Do we understand the process? PMID- 6554795 TI - Burn your braces! Male nurses. PMID- 6554796 TI - Healthy case for a positive dietary message. PMID- 6554797 TI - Postbasic education: stepping forward. PMID- 6554799 TI - Diary of a DN--2. Unforgettable deliveries. PMID- 6554798 TI - Postbasic education: partners in Tyne. PMID- 6554800 TI - How to form a residents' committee. PMID- 6554801 TI - Occupational health: safety at work. PMID- 6554802 TI - Together we can make it. PMID- 6554804 TI - The ageing process--2. Beliefs and attitudes. PMID- 6554803 TI - Nursing process--2. Ward closures. PMID- 6554805 TI - Home care for thrombophlebitis. PMID- 6554806 TI - The eyes have it. PMID- 6554807 TI - Careers: Macmillan nursing. PMID- 6554808 TI - Nursing mirror midwifery forum 8. Post abortion counselling. PMID- 6554809 TI - Nursing mirror midwifery forum 8. One day you will understand. PMID- 6554810 TI - The knack of nursing nurses. PMID- 6554811 TI - Women and mental illness. PMID- 6554812 TI - Magical London hospital tour. PMID- 6554813 TI - Diary of a DN--3. On the receiving end. PMID- 6554814 TI - Homes fit for nursing. How to lodge a formal complaint. PMID- 6554815 TI - The dangers of doing nothing. PMID- 6554816 TI - Nursing policies--3. Who keeps the keys? PMID- 6554817 TI - Diuretics. PMID- 6554818 TI - The ageing process--3. Only the tip of the iceberg. PMID- 6554819 TI - Getting it into writing. PMID- 6554820 TI - Nursing process co-ordinator. PMID- 6554821 TI - Entry into practice: a 100 year old dilemma. PMID- 6554822 TI - Nurses: the most human of professionals. PMID- 6554823 TI - Position paper on the impaired nurse. PMID- 6554824 TI - Professionalism, with a touch of class. Special message address. PMID- 6554826 TI - Symposium on obstetrics in family practice. PMID- 6554825 TI - What is child abuse in neglect in North Dakota. PMID- 6554827 TI - Prenatal care of the normal pregnant woman. PMID- 6554828 TI - Spontaneous abortion and ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6554829 TI - Fetal assessment. PMID- 6554830 TI - Current uses of ultrasound in obstetrics. AB - We have reviewed the current uses of ultrasound in obstetrics. The referring physician must have a clear understanding of the limitations and potential of obstetric ultrasound. The reason for requesting a particular examination should be conveyed to the ultrasonographer. Accurate dating of a particular pregnancy requires an early ultrasonic examination, preferably of the crown-rump length or at least serial BPD measurements so that the growth-adjusted sonographic age can be determined. Placental localization, if the cervical os is encroached upon, is often difficult and may require several scans during the development of the lower uterine segment. The evaluation of fetal growth and assessment of fetal well being require an in-depth ultrasonic study. A systematic survey of each fetal organ system is necessary to rule out the plethora of anomalies that can now be demonstrated ultrasonically. PMID- 6554831 TI - Diabetes and pregnancy. PMID- 6554832 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy. AB - Any pregnancy complicated by hypertension must be considered to be at increased risk. Proper management dictates early diagnosis, liberal use of hospitalization, appropriate antihypertensive therapy, and timely intervention with consideration being given to maternal and fetal compromise if the pregnancy is allowed to continue. Unfortunately, the decision as to the proper timing for delivery is not always easily made, especially if the fetus is premature and there is an absence of compelling complications. Consequently, the liberal use of perinatal referral sources in these cases is both appropriate and indicated. Fortunately, the diligence and the care employed by the physician in dealing with these patients can be expected to be rewarded by a good outcome for both mother and infant. PMID- 6554833 TI - Normal labor and the induction and augmentation of labor. AB - The management of labor is based on a sound understanding of labor's biochemistry and physiology. The interaction between prostaglandin synthesis and other mechanisms postulated to control the initiation of labor shows promise, but the definitive explanation for the initiation of labor awaits further research. The procedures associated with the management of routine labor, including perineal preparation and the use of enemas, intravenous fluids, and analgesics and anesthetics, are generally best applied on the basis of individual need rather than protocol. The Friedman labor curve and intrapartum risk scoring have proved to be useful indices in the evaluation of the course of labor. Oxytocin and prostaglandin are two clinically useful agents in the induction and augmentation of labor. Currently, prostaglandin is used generally in the induction of preterm labors with oxytocin reserved for the induction of labor at term. The effects and side effects of the medications may be controlled by careful use and monitoring. A protocol for the successful use of oxytocin includes careful fetal monitoring and control of intravenous infusion with careful incremental increases in the dose of oxytocin based on uterine response. PMID- 6554835 TI - Abnormal labor. AB - A prolonged latent phase should be treated with rest; a protracted disorder with expectant management; and an arrest of labor with oxytocin therapy once CPD has been excluded. PMID- 6554834 TI - Current concepts of obstetric anesthesia and analgesia. PMID- 6554836 TI - Nurse educators: legal rights and duties. PMID- 6554837 TI - Licensure: what is "unprofessional conduct"? Case in point: Lunsford v. Bd. of Nurse Examiners (648 S.W. 2d 391 - TX). PMID- 6554838 TI - ICU nursing: incomplete medical orders. Case in point: Warren v. Canal et als (300 S.E. 2d 557 - NC). PMID- 6554839 TI - Anxiety reduction in lower limb amputees. PMID- 6554840 TI - The Neuman systems model applied to a rehabilitation setting. PMID- 6554841 TI - Integration of self-care theory with rehabilitation nursing. PMID- 6554843 TI - Developing a research base for practice. PMID- 6554842 TI - Clinical application of the motor impairment concept. PMID- 6554844 TI - [Preoperative care: preparation of adult patients for intervention for intestinal occlusion]. PMID- 6554845 TI - [Intestinal occlusions. Often a surgical emergency, with on the spot resuscitation]. PMID- 6554846 TI - [Anesthesia and postoperative recovery in occlusions in adults]. PMID- 6554847 TI - [Intestinal occlusion: role of the operating room nurse]. PMID- 6554848 TI - [Intestinal occlusions in adults: causes, mechanisms and consequences]. PMID- 6554849 TI - [Drainage in digestive surgery]. PMID- 6554850 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of intestinal occlusions]. PMID- 6554852 TI - Your opinions wanted on district, chapter ideas. PMID- 6554851 TI - [Intra- or extra-mural education, what to select?]. PMID- 6554853 TI - Put it on paper. PMID- 6554854 TI - Professionalism: can we afford not to pay for it? PMID- 6554855 TI - I believe. Presidential address. PMID- 6554856 TI - What will be our destination? PMID- 6554857 TI - In the lobby: speaking up. PMID- 6554858 TI - The Grange inquiry. PMID- 6554859 TI - Child abuse. PMID- 6554860 TI - [Edema of the legs due to high obstruction of non-vascular origin]. PMID- 6554861 TI - [Lymphatic swollen legs]. PMID- 6554862 TI - [Swollen legs: a frequent pathology in nurses]. PMID- 6554863 TI - [Venous stasis in pregnant women]. PMID- 6554864 TI - [Lipedema and cellulite]. PMID- 6554865 TI - [Personal hygiene for varicose vein patients]. PMID- 6554866 TI - [Swollen legs due to venous stasis]. PMID- 6554867 TI - [Elastic compression: bandages and stockings]. PMID- 6554868 TI - [Mrs. C's varicose ulcer . . ]. PMID- 6554869 TI - [The nurse and cicatrization]. PMID- 6554870 TI - [Accompanying the patient. Outline of a theory of accompaniment]. PMID- 6554871 TI - [Metabolic overload. Questions on the overload syndrome]. PMID- 6554872 TI - [How to define obesity]. PMID- 6554873 TI - [Lipid overload]. PMID- 6554874 TI - [Lipid overload of the liver]. PMID- 6554875 TI - [Protein overload, hyperucemia, gout]. PMID- 6554876 TI - [Metabolic overload. Risk factors and overload]. PMID- 6554877 TI - [Metabolic overload. Overload: introduction and definitions]. PMID- 6554878 TI - [Schizo-affective psychoses]. PMID- 6554879 TI - [Affective psychoses excluding depression]. PMID- 6554880 TI - [Manic attack]. PMID- 6554881 TI - [Psychotherapeutic approach to affective disorders]. PMID- 6554882 TI - [The health care team faced with manic-depressive psychosis]. PMID- 6554883 TI - [Man and his environment]. PMID- 6554884 TI - [The general nurse and the mental patient in the institution]. PMID- 6554885 TI - [From manic attack to manic depressive psychosis]. PMID- 6554886 TI - [Being manic-depressive]. PMID- 6554887 TI - [Assessment of 4 years of therapeutic sojourns]. PMID- 6554888 TI - [Role of the nurse-supervisor in a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6554889 TI - [The home visit. Taking responsibility for the mental patient in his home by the community psychiatric nurse]. PMID- 6554890 TI - [A few examples of extra-hospital activities in psychiatry]. PMID- 6554891 TI - [The psychologist at the mental health clinic]. PMID- 6554892 TI - [Establishment of the life auxiliary in the 18th sector of Hauts-de-Seine]. PMID- 6554893 TI - [Human groups]. PMID- 6554894 TI - [Psychiatry tomorrow]. PMID- 6554895 TI - ["Your silence is not your last word"]. PMID- 6554896 TI - [What solutions can the district area provide for interpersonal difficulties of our patients]. PMID- 6554897 TI - [What is the response of the district area to the problem of alcoholism? Saturday morning meetings at Chatillon]. PMID- 6554898 TI - [Fibrillation and auricular flutter]. PMID- 6554899 TI - [Practical management of a tachycardia attack]. PMID- 6554901 TI - [Electric and surgical treatment of tachycardias]. PMID- 6554900 TI - [Medical treatment of rhythm disorders]. PMID- 6554902 TI - [Physiopathology and panorama of tachycardias]. PMID- 6554903 TI - [Role of the nurse in the monitoring and treatment of tachycardia disorders]. PMID- 6554905 TI - [Use of a defibrillator or role of the nurse in external electric shock]. PMID- 6554904 TI - [Mr. B's ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 6554906 TI - [Coronary disease: practical methods of rehabilitation]. PMID- 6554907 TI - [Coronary disease: tests given during rehabilitation]. PMID- 6554908 TI - [Rehabilitation of coronary disease]. PMID- 6554909 TI - [Coronary disease: role of the rehabilitation nurse]. PMID- 6554910 TI - [Physiology and muscular effort]. PMID- 6554911 TI - [Convalescence from a myocardial infarct seen on the 21st day: case report]. PMID- 6554912 TI - [Rhythm disorders in children]. PMID- 6554913 TI - [Influence of pathology on muscular effort]. PMID- 6554914 TI - A patient is your client. PMID- 6554915 TI - The game of politics: which player are you? PMID- 6554917 TI - [Twin and multiple pregnancies: labor]. PMID- 6554916 TI - [Twin and multiple pregnancies: monitoring]. PMID- 6554918 TI - [Role of the midwife faced with a multiple pregnancy. Point of view of the pediatrician]. PMID- 6554919 TI - [Twin and multiple pregnancies]. PMID- 6554920 TI - [History of the twins Lionel ans Johanna]. PMID- 6554921 TI - [Multiple pregnancies. Anatomy, incidence, etiology, prevention, gemellology]. PMID- 6554922 TI - [Social allotments in cases of multiple pregnancies]. PMID- 6554923 TI - [Psychology of twins]. PMID- 6554924 TI - [Vaccination. Basic facts]. PMID- 6554925 TI - [Diagnosis and evolution of twin and multiple pregnancies]. PMID- 6554926 TI - [Endocrine abortions]. PMID- 6554927 TI - [Significance of echography under the threat of abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy]. PMID- 6554928 TI - [Spontaneous abortion: a high frequency]. PMID- 6554929 TI - [Treatment of spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 6554930 TI - [Vaccination: strategies]. PMID- 6554931 TI - [Early spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 6554933 TI - [Geographically equivalent health services?]. PMID- 6554932 TI - [Late spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 6554934 TI - [From the national congress: nursing staffing in old age homes]. PMID- 6554935 TI - [From the national congress: Now the work environment legislation should take notice of health workers]. PMID- 6554936 TI - [Midwifery services and perinatal care]. PMID- 6554937 TI - [Nursing services in the psychiatric outpatient clinic. Experiences from Namsos]. PMID- 6554938 TI - [Identity feelings in aged patients in long-term care institutions]. PMID- 6554939 TI - [Professional seminar for midwives: the status of childbirth inside and outside of institutions]. PMID- 6554940 TI - [Unn Teslo's vote of confidence: with 6-hour days many can have full-time jobs. Interview by Hanne Grotjord]. PMID- 6554941 TI - [Expensive hospital management when doctors are to be department chiefs. Interview by Jan Karlsen]. PMID- 6554942 TI - [Challenges to today's nursing schools]. PMID- 6554944 TI - [Nursing research]. PMID- 6554943 TI - [News from Lovisenberg: continued education in care for the aged]. PMID- 6554945 TI - [Priority setting crisis in the health sector]. PMID- 6554946 TI - [Midwife's role evaluated in an expanded perspective]. PMID- 6554947 TI - [Nurses' shortage in care for the aged]. PMID- 6554948 TI - [WHO/Euro projects in nursing]. PMID- 6554949 TI - [Experiences from Kastanjebakken]. PMID- 6554950 TI - [Employment applications by foreign nurses]. PMID- 6554951 TI - [Ward management - democracy - responsibility]. PMID- 6554952 TI - [The action in Bergen: development of the Institute for Nursing Science]. PMID- 6554953 TI - [Council for Nursing Education: we like to see intense involvement. Interview by Anne Johanne Kvale]. PMID- 6554954 TI - [Psychosomatic patient care in minor surgical interventions]. PMID- 6554955 TI - [From a project task: intensive care nursing - and others' perception]. PMID- 6554956 TI - [After the national meeting: a united organization behind important leading issues]. PMID- 6554958 TI - [Other plans for us in case we do not want to participate]. PMID- 6554957 TI - [Historic national convention resolution: health policy program--in 18 clear points]. PMID- 6554959 TI - [Our functions cover a wide field and should be described]. PMID- 6554960 TI - [Care for the elderly. If only everyone knew what a pleasant word means]. PMID- 6554961 TI - [Benzyl alcohol toxicity in newborn infants]. PMID- 6554962 TI - [Self care as a point of departure for development in nursing]. PMID- 6554964 TI - [Pension taxation. New settlement does not ensure a real interest rate of 3.5]. PMID- 6554963 TI - [Health care activities in Peru. We learned to meet people where they were]. PMID- 6554965 TI - [Pension taxation: comment. It should only work as a reduction of interest yield. Interview by Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6554966 TI - [Harsh allegation about problems with anesthetic gases]. PMID- 6554967 TI - [Education. New knowledge provides visions but also uncertainties]. PMID- 6554968 TI - [The nurse is not always the cheerful giver. Interview by Kirsten Sorrig]. PMID- 6554970 TI - [Membership statistics. Nurses like to work in nursing homes]. PMID- 6554969 TI - [Educational reform - nursing need or political necessity]. PMID- 6554971 TI - [We should ensure a balance between technology and nursing]. PMID- 6554973 TI - [Kardex documentation with the patient provides better nursing care]. PMID- 6554972 TI - [Education. Students have many human and professional resources]. PMID- 6554974 TI - [The psychiatric nurse should support the weakest one]. PMID- 6554975 TI - [A conflict everyone experiences before or since]. PMID- 6554976 TI - [Health visitor bicycles half her working time]. PMID- 6554977 TI - [Privatization. Consequences are dismissal of the public employees]. PMID- 6554978 TI - [Executive Board. Nurses must counteract senseless interference]. PMID- 6554979 TI - [Once upon a time there was a real nurse]. PMID- 6554980 TI - [Video course. Nurses can learn team work in Ringby Hospital]. PMID- 6554981 TI - [Concept confusion and clarification about pedagogic philosophy]. PMID- 6554983 TI - [Struggle to keep oneself afloat as seen from abroad]. PMID- 6554982 TI - [Care of the aged. Residents must live till they die not merely survive]. PMID- 6554984 TI - [Do we take care of the whole person?]. PMID- 6554985 TI - [Professional nursing knowledge of selling to the lowest bidder]. PMID- 6554986 TI - [Working environment. Protection from vapors of bone cement with closed system]. PMID- 6554987 TI - [Care for the aged. No longer isolated as manager in the work place]. PMID- 6554988 TI - [Care for the aged. Nursing consultant as coordinator of resources and demand]. PMID- 6554989 TI - [Euthanasia. Broad spectrum of ideas around euthanasia]. PMID- 6554990 TI - [Reductions. Seriously ill and dying forced away from the nursing home]. PMID- 6554991 TI - [Reductions. The small hospital in Svaneke will be closed]. PMID- 6554992 TI - [Antibiotic therapy of patients with severe bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6554994 TI - OR fitness works! PMID- 6554993 TI - HLA antigens and Bf allotypes in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. AB - A study of the HLA-A, B and DR antigens and properdin factor B allotypes of 26 patients with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and a normal control population showed an increase in the HLA-Aw31 antigen only. However, when the HLA-A and B frequencies were combined with the results of a previous independent study a significant increase in both HLA-Aw31 and HLA-B40 was noted. These findings suggest an association between lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and the HLA system. PMID- 6554995 TI - That leadership style. PMID- 6554997 TI - Nursing management: communication styles. PMID- 6554996 TI - Break the chain or: "cough, hack, ... wheeze!". PMID- 6554998 TI - Closing the eternal struggle. PMID- 6554999 TI - Making the most of your resources. PMID- 6555000 TI - [Elastin metabolic indices in various body allowances of vitamin K]. AB - A study was made of the content of insoluble elastin in the tissues and of elastolytic activity of the blood serum at varying supply of the rat body with vitamin K. It was revealed that long-term (for 1 month) excess administration of vicasol (10 mg/kg) did not change elastin metabolism. In the course of the development of alimentary K-avitaminosis, blood elastolytic activity was first inhibited and then dramatically rose (by 93.4%). The latter finding was in a good agreement with a decrease in the level of insoluble elastin in the aorta wall and skin. After exposure of rats to pelentan, an antagonist of vitamin K, for 15-20 days the activity of the enzymes responsible for elastin breakdown was steadily inhibited. Nevertheless the skin elastin content decreased by 16.1%. It has been shown that the reduction of the elastin content in the connective tissue is not related to the changes in the diet. The evidence obtained attests to the involvement of vitamin K in elastin metabolism. PMID- 6555001 TI - Doctors battle nurses over domains in care. PMID- 6555002 TI - Discussions with the minister for health: concern about escalating unemployment. PMID- 6555003 TI - Public health nurses and transportation of student nurses. PMID- 6555004 TI - Oncologic emergencies. PMID- 6555005 TI - What can newborns really see? PMID- 6555006 TI - Nurse managed centers. Will they thrive? PMID- 6555007 TI - Securing a financial base. PMID- 6555008 TI - Head lice. Pediatric social disease. PMID- 6555009 TI - Computers at the bedside. As machines and data proliferate, nurses may find that they need clinical systems to keep track of it all. PMID- 6555010 TI - Sticking to a gluten free diet. PMID- 6555011 TI - Dilemmas in practice: the right to be wrong. PMID- 6555012 TI - Comparison of in vitro neutrophil elastase release in nonsmokers and smokers. PMID- 6555014 TI - Cigarette smoke inhalation potentiates elastase-induced emphysema in hamsters. PMID- 6555013 TI - Evaluation of the urinary desmosine radioimmunoassay as a monitor of lung injury after endobronchial elastase instillation in sheep. AB - Thirty male sheep were treated with varying doses of endobronchial elastase. Urinary excretion of elastin peptides was then measured by desmosine radioimmunoassay and compared with pre-enzyme values. Mean linear intercepts were measured in treated and untreated lobes 4 wk later, and in addition, lung perfusion, ventilation, and volume were measured before enzyme treatment and 4 wk later using radionuclide-imaging techniques. Most of the elevation in urinary desmosine excretion occurred in the first 48 h after elastase administration. The increase in desmosine excretion was positively correlated with: enzyme dose (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01), increase in mean linear intercept (r = 0.61, p less than 0.05), decrease in lung perfusion (r = 0.77, p less than 0.01), and decrease in ventilation (r = 0.58, p less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that the urinary desmosine radioimmunoassay is a reliable index of pulmonary elastin breakdown and of several resultant anatomic and physiologic stigmata of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6555015 TI - Single-dose cefonicid therapy for urinary tract infections. AB - The efficacy of single-dose therapy with cefonicid (1 g intramuscularly) and multidose therapy with amoxicillin (500 mg orally three times a day for 7 days) was compared for the treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection in women. Of 50 patients with symptoms of lower urinary tract infection randomized to receive either cefonicid or amoxicillin, 39 were infected with greater than or equal to 10(5) bacteria per ml. At early posttherapy follow-up (5 to 18 days), 19 of 21 (90%) cefonicid-treated patients and 16 of 18 (89%) amoxicillin-treated patients were cured. At late posttherapy follow-up (6 to 7 weeks), 16 of 18 (89%) cefonicid-treated patients and 14 of 15 (93%) amoxicillin-treated patients were cured. One patient was lost to follow-up in each late follow-up group. There were fewer side effects in the cefonicid-treated group. There were significantly more organisms resistant to amoxicillin than to cefonicid in the study population. Considering the small size of the series, single-dose therapy with cefonicid for lower urinary tract infection in women appears to be as safe and effective as conventional multidose therapy with amoxicillin. PMID- 6555017 TI - Nursing grand rounds film boosts image of OR nurses. PMID- 6555016 TI - Synergy of combinations of vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin against methicillin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci. AB - The activity of combinations of vancomycin (2 or 10 micrograms/ml), gentamicin (0.3 micrograms/ml), and rifampin (0.03 micrograms/ml) against methicillin resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates was determined by the time kill method. Combinations of rifampin with gentamicin or with vancomycin 2 micrograms/ml demonstrated enhanced killing against 13 of 17 and 13 of 25 strains, respectively. However, rifampin-resistant strains were selected with the latter combination in the remaining 12 of 25 studies. PMID- 6555018 TI - Nurses' administrative responsibilities for lasers. PMID- 6555019 TI - Laser treatment of laryngeal polyps. PMID- 6555020 TI - Guidelines for evaluating wet packs. AB - These guidelines are not intended to be the final word in establishment of wet pack criteria. They can serve as a starting point in development of criteria and test methodology that are scientifically defensible and practical. The joint efforts of hospital personnel and industry are necessary to continue research of the interrelated factors, such as pack preparation techniques, sterilizer operating techniques, and drying characteristics of various wraps. PMID- 6555021 TI - Project Alpha: a first step in Kansas City. PMID- 6555022 TI - Recognizing hypoventilation in the recovery room. PMID- 6555023 TI - Are we ignoring impact of ambulatory surgery? PMID- 6555024 TI - The OR director: an administrator's view. PMID- 6555025 TI - Sexism in nursing or is anatomy, destiny? PMID- 6555026 TI - Home birth. PMID- 6555027 TI - Viewing instructional development in the context of faculty development. PMID- 6555028 TI - Nuclear radiation: warheads vis-a-vis power plants. PMID- 6555029 TI - The same but different, a part but apart. PMID- 6555030 TI - Rape. PMID- 6555031 TI - Cranial osteopathy. PMID- 6555032 TI - Observations, plans and problems. PMID- 6555033 TI - Is calcium ascorbate preferable to sodium ascorbate? PMID- 6555042 TI - A Victoria-wide survey of--the image of nurses and nursing. PMID- 6555043 TI - Confirmation of direct angiotensin formation by kallikrein. AB - This study was undertaken to confirm our previous preliminary observation that hog pancreas kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.35) directly liberated an angiotensin-like substance from human plasma protein Cohn fraction IV-4 at an acidic pH of 4.0 5.0. First, the possibility of proangiotensin or des-Asp1-angiotensin being the pressor substance was ruled out by t.l.c. Secondly, the pressor substance was purified by Sephadex G-25 and Bio-Gel P-2 gel filtration, and finally by high performance liquid chromatography. The amino acid composition of the isolated pressor substance (residues/mol) was: Asp, 1.03; Val, 1.03; Ile, 1.00; Tyr, 0.69; Phe, 1.04; His, 0.91; Arg, 0.86; Pro, 0.86. This composition was identical with that of angiotensin. Since the reaction mixture was not contaminated with common proteolytic enzymes, such as trypsin, chymotrypsin, renin, cathepsin D and proangiotensin-converting enzyme, and other enzymes activated by kallikrein, it is clear that hog kallikrein directly produces angiotensin in vitro. PMID- 6555045 TI - Cultural care: an essential goal for nursing and health care. PMID- 6555044 TI - The reaction of iodine and thiol-blocking reagents with human complement components C2 and factor B. Purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of a peptide from C2a containing a free thiol group. AB - Human complement components C2 and Factor B each contain one free thiol group/molecule. Reaction with p-chloromercuribenzoate destroyed the haemolytic activity of C2 but had no effect on Factor B. Reaction of C2 with I2 gave a 16 fold enhancement of its haemolytic activity. The pH optimum for the reaction was 7.0. The I2 reacted at the thiol group in C2 with a stoicheiometry of 1 mol of I2/mol of C2. The product of the reaction was unaffected by millimolar concentrations of dithiothreitol; however, azide and cyanide were inhibitory. Reaction with azide did not result in re-expression of the thiol group. Mild oxidation of the thiol group with m-chloroperbenzoic acid did not enhance the haemolytic activity. The results suggest that reaction with I2 causes intramolecular covalent, but not disulphide, bond formation. I2 reacted with Factor B at the free thiol group without affecting the haemolytic activity. A CNBr-cleavage peptide from C2a (obtained by cleavage of C2 by subcomponent C1s) containing the free thiol group was isolated. Automated Edman degradation of the peptide showed that it was the N-terminal peptide of C2a. The free thiol group was identified at position 18. PMID- 6555046 TI - Clinical inquiry for the clinical nurse. PMID- 6555047 TI - Training for peritoneal self-care options: CAPD, IPD, CCPD. PMID- 6555048 TI - The nuts and bolts of establishing a home training program. PMID- 6555049 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance of ethidium complexes with ribonucleic acid model systems and phenylalanine-accepting transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - The temperature dependence of the 31P NMR spectra of the ethidium complexes with poly(A) X oligo(U) and the 31P spectra of phenylalanine tRNA (yeast) in various molar ratios of ethidium ion (Et) are presented. In the poly(A) X oligo(U) X Et complex, a new peak about 2.0 ppm downfield from the double-helix peak appears. We have assigned this peak to phosphates perturbed by ethidium. The chemical shift of this peak is consistent with the intercalation mode of binding and provides additional support for our hypothesis that 31P shifts are sensitive probes of phosphate ester conformations. The main effect of ethidium on the 31P spectra of tRNAPhe is the broadening of several of the scattered signals. These scattered signals are associated with phosphates involved in tertiary interactions. We propose that these broadened signals arise from phosphates near the Et binding site. PMID- 6555050 TI - Isolation and characterization of rat pancreatic elastase. AB - Proelastase has been purified to homogeneity from rat pancreatic tissue by a combination of CM-Sephadex and immobilized protease inhibitor affinity resins. Trypsin activation yields an elastolytic enzyme that possesses a specificity toward small hydrophobic residues in synthetic amide substrates, similar to those of porcine elastase 1 and canine elastase. However, the rat enzyme also rapidly hydrolyzes a substrate containing tyrosine in the P1 position. N-Terminal sequence analysis reveals that rat proelastase has an identical activation peptide with that of porcine proelastase 1 and has two conservative amino acid sequence differences from the activation peptide of canine proelastase. The sequence data established that rat proelastase corresponds to the elastase 1 mRNA clone isolated by MacDonald et al. [MacDonald, R. J., Swift, G. H., Quinto, C., Swain, W., Pictet, R. L., Nikovits, W., & Rutter, W. J. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 1453]. The sequence and substrate data obtained for rat and canine elastases suggest that there is a family of pancreatic elastases with properties similar to those of the classically described porcine elastase 1. PMID- 6555051 TI - Quantitative changes in aminoacylation of transfer RNA and in free amino acids during fructose-induced depletion of adenine nucleotides in rat liver. AB - Fructose induces depletion of adenine nucleotides in liver and also strongly inhibits incorporation of radioactive amino acids into protein (Maenpaa, P.H., Raivio, K.O. and Kekomaki, M.P. (1968) Science 161, 1253-1254). In this study we have investigated the effects of fructose on aminoacylation of tRNA and on free amino acids in rat liver. 30 min after D-fructose (30 mmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into rats, liver ATP was reduced by 58%, ADP by 42%, AMP by 13%, the ATP/ADP ratio by 30%, and total adenine nucleotides by 48%. Using gas chromatography, the aminoacylation of tRNA was determined by quantifying the endogenous amino acids attached to tRNA in vivo. Aminoacylation was reduced by 31%. With different amino acids, reduction varied from 4% (asparagine plus aspartic acid) to 58% (arginine). On the other hand, the amount of free amino acids in the liver was increased by 24%. The most marked individual change was in alanine, which increased 5.7-times. This may have resulted from a combination of effects involving an increased production of alanine in muscle and liver and decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis from alanine caused by the ATP depletion. PMID- 6555052 TI - Reactions to problems of drug abuse in Zambia. AB - Apart from the cannabis, the abuse of other drugs in Zambia was not considered a major problem in the past. There was obviously a lack of knowledge of the nature and extent of drug abuse. At present, limited information on drugs and drug abuse is incorporated into school curricula. When studies on drug abuse and on attitudes and reactions to abuse were initiated at the request of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and because of rising public awareness, it became apparent that a drug abuse problem was beginning to develop in Zambia although it had not yet reached serious proportions. Such a situation demanded new preventive efforts which should include drug education, information and research components as well as a need to involve the people most concerned at all levels in both programme design and implementation. These components are described in this paper and it is emphasized that the planning of programmes in Zambia must form part of regional activities in cooperation with neighboring countries. PMID- 6555054 TI - Study on exempted preparations. AB - The coming into force of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971 has rekindled the interest in the technical and administrative modalities of relaxing the control measures applicable, under that convention and the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, to preparations of substances that are controlled by virtue of those international treaties. Therefore, an analytical review of the principles and procedures laid down in those conventions for the exemption of defined preparations from certain control measures was felt desirable as an adjunct to the ongoing discussions, especially in connection with the provisions of the 1971 Convention. The gradual emergence and development of the relevant principles and procedures embodied in the successive international control treaties since 1912 are highlighted as a background for the review of the actual treaty obligations faced by the parties to the conventions and by the international organizations concerned. Included are some suggestions for possible improvement of the system for exempting preparations under the term of the 1971 Convention. PMID- 6555053 TI - The treatment with L-aspartic acid of persons addicted to opiates. AB - Two clients addicted to codeine, two to heroin and four to opium tincture were orally administered 2 g L-aspartic acid four times daily for up to five days on an out-patient basis. The clients were withdrawn from the drugs on which they were physically dependent by gradually decreasing the amount of the drug abused. Some mild abstinence signs and symptoms were observed during the treatment, while the clients showed a marked improvement in social contacts and behaviour. At the end of the treatment period, and during the subsequent two weeks, not one of the treated persons showed any sign of the abstinence syndrome or expressed a feeling of need for the compulsive intake of the drug which had been abused. PMID- 6555055 TI - The frequency of deaths resulting from the use of drugs and chemicals in Los Angeles County. AB - A study of the frequency of deaths resulting from the use of drugs and chemicals in Los Angeles County in the period 1947--1980 indicated that there was a substantial increase in the number of such deaths in 1968/69. This trend continued until 1976/77 when the number of deaths decreased, and the declining trend continued until 1979/80. An additional study in the period 1974--1981, based on the analyses of 35 drugs in biological samples taken in autopsies, showed that those drugs were more often present in overdose cases of death than in drug-related cases of death where drugs were not directly responsible fo the occurrence of death. Ethanol and phencyclidine were, however, more frequently found in drug-related cases of death. PMID- 6555056 TI - Two dimensional thin-layer chromatography of ganja (Cannabis sativa L.). AB - An efficient and reliable two-dimensional thin-layer chromatographic technique for separation and identification of cannabinoids present in cannabis resin (Cannabis sativa L.) is described. A total of 47 different cannabinoids were successfully separated and 5 of these, cannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabichromene, trans-delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, were identified. A 0.1 per cent solution of Fast blue salt B in 45 per cent ethanol was employed as chromogenic reagent. PMID- 6555057 TI - Computers in nursing administration and practice. PMID- 6555058 TI - Computers in nursing research. PMID- 6555059 TI - Intratumoral BCG and Corynebacterium parvum therapy of canine mammary tumours before radical mastectomy. AB - In two parallel studies, bitches with mammary tumour received single intralesional injections of BCG (1 mg: 10(7) living bacteria) and Corybacterium parvum (10(9) killed bacteria) (53 bitches) or C. parvum alone (129 bitches) at the same dosage. Control groups received injections, following the same protocol, of 1 ml BCG suspension medium diluted in saline in the first study (51 bitches) or no injections at all (120 bitches in the second study). A block dissection, including mammary tumours, adjacent mammary glands, and regional lymph nodes, was performed 2 weeks later in all animals. On the basis of histologically confirmed malignant tumours, 48 bitches (25 treated by-immunotherapy and 23 controls) in the first study and 67 bitches (30 treated by immunotherapy and 37 controls) in the second study remained for postsurgical follow-up. The clinical tolerance of the treatment was generally good. No significant differences were found in cumulative survival rates between treated and control group in either studies. PMID- 6555060 TI - Supernatant derived from a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) depresses natural killer (NK) cell activity. AB - Harvest fluid derived from a human primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) inhibited normal peripheral blood NK-cell activity when either PLC/PRF/5 or K562 cells were employed as targets. MN cells incubated with the PLC/PRF/5 supernatant for only 6 h demonstrated depressed NK-cell activity, which was partially reversible if the cells were washed and incubated in fresh medium for 24 h. Enriched NK cells obtained on discontinuous Percoll gradients employing human tonsillar cells also showed depressed cytotoxicity when treated directly with the tumour harvest fluid. Furthermore, the binding of these cells to the tumour targets could be inhibited by prior treatment of the NK cells with the tumour supernatant. It is suggested that materials produced by tumours may inhibit NK-cell activity by blocking a receptor site on the effector cell, thereby allowing the tumour to proliferate. PMID- 6555061 TI - Detection of phenotypic differences on human malignant melanoma lines and their variant sublines with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The hybridoma technique was used to generate monoclonal antibodies against a wide spectrum of melanoma-associated surface antigens. Mice were immunized against the human melanoma lines Mel A-375, SK Mel-25, and Mel S-5 (subclone of SK Mel-25), which differ with respect to a number of biological and biochemical properties. Spleen cells were fused with P3 X 63-AG8.653 myeloma cells. Twenty hybridomas producing antibodies that were negative on platelets, leukocytes, and monocytes but positive on melanoma cells were isolated and recloned. The specificity of antibodies was investigated on 30 human melanoma and nonmelanoma lines. Five groups of antibodies could be distinguished by their reactivity (1) with few melanoma lines and embryonic fibroblasts; (2) with melanoma, neuroblastoma, and teratoma; (3) with melanoma, neuroblastoma, glioblastoma, teratoma, and carcinoma; (4) with melanoma, teratoma, and carcinoma; and (5) with melanoma, neuroblastoma, teratoma, glioblastoma, carcinoma, embryonic fibroblasts, and B lymphoblastoid cells. The antigen expression was qualitatively and quantitatively different from cell line to cell line. No evidence for melanoma-specific antigens was found. Eight antibodies were isolated detecting phenotypic differences on sublines of SK Mel-25. PMID- 6555063 TI - Postpericardiotomy syndrome. Part II. Nursing implications. PMID- 6555064 TI - [Personal experience with Panpur therapy in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6555062 TI - Selective in vitro toxicity of purothionin conjugated to the monoclonal antibody 225.28S to a human high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen. AB - The toxic agent purothionin was conjugated to the monoclonal antibody 225.28S to a human high-molecular-weight melanoma-accociated antigen. The toxic conjugate displayed in vitro toxicity to cultured human Colo 38 melanoma cells as indicated by reduced uptake of 3H-thymidine following a 24-h incubation and loss of cell viability following a 7-day incubation. The effect is dose-dependent and is specific since addition of the toxic conjugate to a cultured Raji B lymphoid cells did not affect their 3H-thymidine uptake or their viability. PMID- 6555065 TI - Increased excretion of kallikrein during dexamethasone administration in normal man on low and normal salt intake. AB - The effect of dexamethasone administration for 3 days on urinary kallikrein excretion was studied in 12 normal men with normal sodium intake (n = 6) or low sodium intake (n = 6). Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, 17 hydroxycorticosteroids, aldosterone and water was also measured in all subjects. Dexamethasone administration was associated with a significant increase in urinary kallikrein excretion (F3, 30 = 6.9; P less than 0.001) regardless of sodium intake. No significant correlation could be established between the increase in urinary kallikrein excretion and changes in urinary sodium, potassium, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, aldosterone or water. These results suggest that dexamethasone can exert a direct action on the renal kallikrein-kinin system. PMID- 6555066 TI - Panel of Assessors: the end of an era. PMID- 6555067 TI - Stoma care: "You'll soon get over it.". PMID- 6555068 TI - Stoma care. PMID- 6555069 TI - Stoma care: the Pollyanna process. PMID- 6555070 TI - Stoma care: the voluntary ostomy associations. PMID- 6555071 TI - Stoma care: problems checklist. PMID- 6555072 TI - Stoma care: where we come in. PMID- 6555073 TI - Still not safe... PMID- 6555074 TI - Good food guide for children. PMID- 6555075 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: CPNs present and future. PMID- 6555076 TI - Health education and the district nurse. PMID- 6555077 TI - Teaching communication. PMID- 6555079 TI - Heatstroke. PMID- 6555078 TI - Monitoring the patient with acute myocardial infarction (continuing education). PMID- 6555080 TI - Intoxication by centrally acting substances. Part I. PMID- 6555081 TI - As a nurse, I want to find out what the facts are on AIDS. PMID- 6555082 TI - Calcium channel blockers: verapamil and nifedipine. PMID- 6555083 TI - Legal update! The expanded role of the nurse. PMID- 6555084 TI - Assessing increased intracranial pressure in infants and young children. PMID- 6555085 TI - Vanadate stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of two proteins in Raji human lymphoblastoid cell membranes. AB - A membrane fraction from Raji human lymphoblastoid cells exhibited tyrosine specific kinase activity. Vanadate increased tyrosine phosphorylation up to 5 fold; serine and threonine phosphorylation were unchanged. The stimulation was detectable within 15 s at 0 degrees C and at concentrations of vanadate (0.3 and 1.0 microM) present in normal tissues and blood. The tyrosine phosphorylation of two substrates, M1 61 000 and 55 000, was dependent upon vanadate and incorporation into these substrates represented the majority of the vanadate sensitive tyrosine phosphorylation. PMID- 6555086 TI - [Clinical manifestations of pneumonia in children]. PMID- 6555087 TI - [Headaches]. PMID- 6555088 TI - [Dysbacteriosis]. PMID- 6555089 TI - [Earache]. PMID- 6555090 TI - [Chronic pharyngitis]. PMID- 6555091 TI - [Catheter therapy]. PMID- 6555092 TI - [Drug treatment principles in malignant tumors of children]. PMID- 6555093 TI - [Donors (material for talks)]. PMID- 6555095 TI - [Improved training of students at medical schools for health education activities]. PMID- 6555094 TI - [Cryotherapy of postinjection infiltrates]. PMID- 6555096 TI - [Diffuse toxic goiter and pregnancy]. PMID- 6555097 TI - [Pelvioperitonitis]. PMID- 6555098 TI - [Myocardial infarct. Cardiogenic shock. Initial pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6555099 TI - [Prostatic diseases]. PMID- 6555100 TI - [Organization of disinfection measures in tuberculosis foci]. PMID- 6555101 TI - [Effective drug prescription depending on food intake]. PMID- 6555102 TI - [Therapeutic use of bee royal jelly]. PMID- 6555104 TI - What can nursing do for private business. PMID- 6555103 TI - [Epidemiology of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 6555105 TI - [Signs of fetal risk in the cardiotocographic picture in maternal hypotension and therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 6555106 TI - [Improvement of antepartum cardiotocographic diagnosis by signal processing with the autocorrelation method]. PMID- 6555107 TI - [Tocolysis with beta sympathomimetics alone or combined with the calcium antagonist verapamil? I. Effect of verapamil on maternal cardiovascular parameters and the course of pregnancy]. AB - In a retrospective study covering 471 cases the influence of the calcium antagonist Verapamil on tocolytic therapy with beta-mimetics was examined. 308 patients received Fenoterol therapy (group A) and 163 were treated with a combination of Fenoterol and Verapamil in a dosage-relation 1/20 (group B). There was no significant difference between group A and B in respect of age, parity, week of gestational age at the beginning of therapy and at delivery, and mode of delivery. The cardiovascular parameters demonstrated alterations as described in literature. The heart frequencies increased significantly in all patients while the systolic and the diastolic blood pressures decreased significantly in hypertonic patients only. These alterations of the cardiovascular parameters were the same in both groups. The efficiency of the tocolytic therapy was tested by comparing the prolongation index (Richter) and the frequency of uterine contractions measured by external cardiotocography. There was no significant difference between groups A and B. Severe complications occurred in 6 patients so that the therapy had to be discontinued (3 women suffered from pulmonary oedemas). These complications were also seen under additional Verapamil application during tocolytic treatment. The side effects as far as reported by the patients were restricted to a significantly lower rate of obstipation in the Fenoterol/Verapamil treated group B. We conclude that administration of the calcium antagonist Verapamil is of no additional value in tocolytic treatment with beta-mimetics. PMID- 6555108 TI - [Amniotic fluid cytology and foetal lung maturity--a comparison with the dynamic surface tension measurement of the amniotic fluid for predicting foetal lung maturity]. AB - 79 samples of amniotic fluid in 69 pregnancies between 29-40 weeks of gestation were examined for foetal lung maturity (dynamic surface tension) and general maturity (Nile Blue cytological test). Both parameters were compared with the pulmonary maturity of the newborn post partum in 24 cases born within 72 hours after the last amniotic fluid examination. In 49 cases the Nile Blue cytological test showed mature values, in 24 cases immature - and in 6 cases borderline values. The dynamic surface tension measurement showed 55 mature, 19 immature and 5 borderline results. These findings show an earlier maturation of the foetal lung compared with the foetal sebaceous glands. Between 36 and 40 weeks of gestation we found a significant (p less than 0.01) correlation between the two methods. Between 32 and 35 weeks of gestation, the significance was less (p less than 0.05) and between 29 and 31 weeks of gestation no correlation could be found. The Nile Blue cytological test for lipid cells is easy to perform, requires less than 1 ml amniotic fluid and is not influenced by blood and meconium and shows no false positive results. Immature findings with the Nile Blue cytological test should be confirmed by other lung maturity tests, like LS ratio or amniotic dynamic tension measurement. Therefore we can recommend this simple method for the screening of foetal lung maturity as well. PMID- 6555109 TI - [Clinical course and radiotherapy of primary vaginal cancer (362 cases)]. AB - 362 cases of primary vaginal carcinoma were treated at the Irradiation Department of the University Clinic for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vienna, from 1950 to 1977. As method of choice an individually dosed, fractioned and protracted radium telecobalt therapy was employed. An overall 5-years' survival rate of 39.8% could be achieved, a value which is above the average reported in world literature. Comparing the last period analysed in the present study (1971 to 1977) with another period 20 years earlier (1951-1956), the following differences can be observed: the fraction of stages III and IV rose markedly from 57.2% to 68.7%; associated with this change was an increase of the percentage of older patients (greater than 60a) from 53.6% to 70.7%. These two developments had an impact on the survival rate: in the total population, it was 39.8% as compared to 32% for the period from 1971 to 1977. The 5-year-survival rate in stage I (n = 60) was 75%, in stage II (n = 95) 45.3%, in stage III (n = 145) 30.3% and in stage IV (n = 62) 19.3%. The incidence of rectovaginal or vesico-vaginal fistulas amounted to 8%. The importance of gynaecological screening for old age patients is emphasized being the only possibility for reducing the high percentage of progressed stages. PMID- 6555110 TI - [Morphological criteria in decreased patients who had undergone surgery for cervical cancer]. AB - In 966 patients who had undergone surgery and who had been suffering from squamous cell carcinoma, tumour recurrence occurred in 16.8% of the cases. In almost 70% of these cases, recurrence was seen in the first two years following treatment. 15% of the patients died of the carcinoma. Compared with the patients who had stayed alive, post-mortem examination of the patients who had died of carcinoma revealed in 65.5% of the patients an immature squamous cell carcinoma, in 37.7% a dissociated tumour growth, in 21.7% penetration of the tumour into the lymph vessels, and in 62.1% penetration into the blood vessels. Macrometastases in the area of the regional lymphatic nodes were seen in 45.2%. In the surviving patients, the percentage of immature carcinomas was 47.4%, whereas dissociated tumour growth was seen in 18.7% and penetration into the lymph or blood vessels in 5.8 and 14.1% of the cases, respectively. Macrometastases in the area of the regional lymphatic nodes were seen in 11.8% of the cases. In woman patients with an early recurrence of tumour, or in women who had died of the carcinoma, mostly immature carcinomas, tumour penetration into vessels, and macrometastases in regional lymphatic nodes were observed. PMID- 6555111 TI - [Lymphatic cysts after radical abdominal surgery--epidemiology and aetiopathogenesis]. AB - In the last ten years have been 8 cases of lymphatic cysts among 225 regularly controlled patients after Wertheim's operation. There is a significant difference between a control group with and one without resection of the Rosenmuller's node, in addition to an obligatory extirpation of lymphatic nodes. The significance of this lymphatic node for the genesis of lymphocysts is supported by the localisation of small cysts in ultrasonography. The influence of other factors on the genesis of lymphocysts is discussed in our own cases and in those of the available literature. PMID- 6555112 TI - [Genetics of hydatidiform moles]. AB - Newer genetic investigations show that the complete or classical hydatidiform mole has in over 90% of the cases a diploid female set of chromosomes which is exclusively of paternal origin. The 23 X sperm genom is doubled and the nucleus of the ovocyte is degenerated. In contradistinction the nucleus of the ovocyte persists in partial moles. The normal ontogenesis is also disturbed by a preponderance of paternal genetic material. By melting of 2 instead of 1 paternal germ cell (Dispermia) the genom of partial moles is to 1/3 of maternal and to 2/3 of paternal origin. The triploid set of chromosomes shows usually 69xxy. Whereas the potential of malignancy of partial moles is low a choriocarcinoma results from 2 to 10% of the complete moles. Responsible maybe recessive hereditary mutations of growth controlling genes, which are present in complete moles in a homozygote form due to the doubling of a single paternal set of chromosomes. Total absence of the growth controlling loci of these genes maternally permits an unhibited expression of the growth controlling paternal genes. PMID- 6555113 TI - [Liability for unsuccessful sterilization?]. AB - In 1980 the Bundesgerichtshof (German Federal Supreme Court) handed down two leading decisions. In both cases the doctor who was responsible for the failure of a sterilisation was sentenced to pay the parents' damages incurred by the support for the unwanted child. Doctors and lawyers have vehemently criticised these decisions. Recently these decisions were consciously ignored by the Frankfurt Regional Court of Appeal which decided, in a new case, that "a child can not be considered a damage" and, therefore, has rejected the claims of the parents, disappointed at the birth of their child. The reluctant mother's claim for immaterial damages was also rejected. The author's arguments also support a change of the Supreme Court's decision. PMID- 6555114 TI - [Tocolysis with beta sympathomimetics alone or combined with the calcium antagonist verapamil? Influence of verapamil on the fetus]. AB - In a retrospective study, patients who underwent tocolytic therapy by beta mimetics were investigated. 308 received Fenoterol monotherapy (group A) and 163 a combination of Fenoterol with the calcium-antagonist Verapamil in a dosage relation of 1/20 (group B). The review of 287 cardiotocograms showed a significant increase in the foetal heart rate in both groups by about 13% after 114 minutes (A) and 146 minutes (B). Although the diaplacental transfer of Fenoterol to the foetus is very small, a high percentage of foetuses showed an increase in heart rate (84.7% in A, 86% in B). There was a significantly longer duration of foetal tachycardia in group B. Both groups were not different in respect of perinatal mortality (5.4% in A, 5.2% in B), birth weight, APGAR score, and the reasons for paediatric care. The great difference in placental permeability for Fenoterol and Verapamil may cause a danger for the foetus. Since no reasonable improvements are seen, additional Verapamil therapy is not recommended. PMID- 6555115 TI - [Pregnancy after treatment of ejaculate with alpha-chymotripsine because of failure to liquefy]. AB - Failure of the human ejaculate to liquefy can be the cause of infertility. We report one such case in which liquefaction of the coagulated ejaculate was effected by alpha-chymotrypsin in-vitro and led to pregnancy after homologous in semination. PMID- 6555116 TI - [Method for recording the parametrical situation in cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri]. AB - The degree of parametrical infiltration in cases of carcinoma of the cervix uteri could until now be judged by palpation only. Special ultrasound examinations with rectal scanners should be beneficial in future for the recording of the parametrical situation. Although it is not possible to differentiate between inflammatory and cancerous infiltration with this new method, additional punctures under echographic control could be of great value. PMID- 6555117 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of drill biopsy]. AB - This report describes the procedure of drill biopsy in 100 patients with palpable breast tumours. In 99% of the biopsies the lesion was accurately diagnosed, in 61% as invasive carcinoma. PMID- 6555118 TI - [Rare manifestation of an Echinococcus cyst in the female genital tract]. AB - This report deals with the clinical and morphological findings in a rare case of Echinococcus granulosus of the female genital tract. The symptoms are not characteristic. A preoperative diagnosis can only be suspected on serological grounds. The diagnosis is confirmed by histological examination of the specimen. The therapy of choice is the surgical removal of the cyst. Care should be taken not to open the cyst during operation. The success of the operation should be confirmed by postoperative serological, ultrasonic, scintigraphic and x-ray controls. PMID- 6555119 TI - [The incidence of clearly palpable axillary lymphatic nodes and their relationship to age, parity and breast-feeding capacity in patients without signs or symptoms. A prospective study based on 2458 women patients]. AB - Axillary lymphatic nodes were found in 50.9% of 2458 patients examined for cervical and breast carcinoma in a gynaecological practice in 1981. 25.5% of these had lymphatic nodes in both axillaries, whereas the percentage of women with lymphatic nodes in the right axillary only was 3.9%, and in the left axillary only 21.4%. In 2.2% of all patients, more than one lymphatic node was seen in one axillary. The number of palpable axillary lymphatic nodes decreased with advancing age. In patients who had not been pregnant, axillary lymphatic nodes were found to be significantly more numerous than in patients who had delivered. In the group of patients with children, we found 53.3% who had axillary lymphatic nodes among those who had breast-fed their children well, whereas the percentage was 37.3% only among the patients who had not breast-fed at all. This difference is statistically highly significant. Possible interrelations are discussed. The frequent unilateral diagnosis of axillary lymphatic nodes as a possible theoretical early sign of occult carcinoma of the breast is discussed. PMID- 6555120 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic necrosis of the breast following treatment with Cumarin]. AB - A case of hemorrhagic necrosis of the breast is reported in a thirty-four year old woman who received Cumarin treatment for deep leg vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It was necessary to remove the breast. The microscopic examination showed complete blockage of the vessels by fibrin thrombi in almost all veins. The cause of this venous thrombosis was explained as a Shwartzman Sanarelli-Phenomenon. PMID- 6555121 TI - [Prolapse of the small bowel through the vaginal vault, following hysterectomy]. AB - Within 7 years 4 cases of prolapse of the small bowel through the vaginal vault stump were observed. These occurred between 5 and 10 years following two cases of radical abdominal hysterectomy for cancer and two cases of vaginal hysterectomy and colporrhaphy. The small bowel was replaced three to six hours following the prolapse by median laparotomy. One patient died following late sepsis after the laparotomy. PMID- 6555122 TI - [Prenatal cytogenetics. Indications--organization--problems]. AB - Amniotic cell cultures, successfully introduced in 1966, are the tool to study the fetal karyotype most frequently because of maternal age risk for aneuploidies, particularly trisomy 21. The methodological problems of culturing (i.e. pseudomosaics, polymorphisms) are discussed with special regard to improvements and new techniques such as flow cytophotometry, culture of trophoblasts and fetal lymphocyte culture. PMID- 6555123 TI - [The effect of metoprolol on fenoterol-induced kidney function disorders]. AB - The effect on renal function of a combination of a beta 2 receptors stimulating tokolytic agent (Fenoterol) with a so-called cardioselective beta 1 blocker (Metoprolol) which is able to antagonise the cardiac side effects of beta 2 stimulation, was examined in femaLe rabbits in a 24-hour test. Infusing 31.5 ml/h isotonic solution, 20 micrograms/kg/min Fenoterol and 3.125 micrograms/kg/min Metoprolol, excretion, creatinine clearance, electrolyte elimination, the serum electrolyte levels, Hb, HK and the weight were determined. The combination of Fenoterol and Metoprolol antagonised almost completely the massive water retention occurring under Fenoterol alone. At the latest after 12 hours, normal values were obtained in respect of the creatinine clearance reduced under Fenoterol, the urine excretion rate and, consequently, the Hb concentration and haematocrit reading. The reduction of sodium elimination caused by Fenoterol was completely reversed under the combination, whereas the reduced excretion of potassium was not influenced. Water retention in tocolysis with beta 2 stimulants is one of the most important causes for the information of a pulmonary oedema. The danger of the occurrence of such pulmonary oedemas, especially in risk pregnancies (gestosis), is drastically reduced by antagonising water retention, and hence the combination of Fenoterol and Metoprolol seems to be very favourable from both the cardiac and renal viewpoints. In a group of 17 pregnant women, the drastic improvement of urine excretion under the combination could be confirmed. PMID- 6555124 TI - [The "definitely" prenatally developed neuroblastoma. A review]. AB - This is a report on 175 "definitely" congenital neuroblastomas, 92 of which were localised in the adrenals. Preferred metastasising takes place into the liver (type: Pepper) and the skin (type: Smith), whereas metastases in the skeleton were only rarely involved (type: Hutchinson). The peculiarities in metastasing and the markedly more favourable prognosis make it possible to differentiate between the "definitely" prenatally developed neuroblastomas (clinical or pathological anatomic diagnosis within the first 14 days of life) with regard to their biological qualities, and the neuroblastomas occurring in older infants and children. PMID- 6555125 TI - [Fine structure of the septum in twin pregnancy]. AB - The structure of the septum in bigeminal pregnancy was examined via the electron microscope after normal pregnancy. The cellular junctions were desmosomes and "gap junctions" in the amnionic epithelium, whereas in the chorionic epithelium "gap junctions" and "tight junctions" were found occasionally besides desmosomes. The basement membrane was multilayered and discontinuous both in the amnion and in the chorion. Since, physiologically, the desmosomes and the gap junctions cannot be regarded as a diffusion barrier against proteins, and since the rare tight junctions are without any significance for the passage of the proteins through the septum, and, furthermore, since a discontinuous basement membrane cannot exercise any action in the nature of a barrier, these structural peculiarities of the septum seem to indicate that the intercellular spaces and the discontinuous basement membrane of the amnion and of the chorion in the septum may represent a paracellular path for the passage of the proteins between the two amniotic cavities. PMID- 6555126 TI - [Determination of total oestrogens in pregnancy urine: rapid and simple extraction of oestrogens by Sep-Pak C18 cartridges]. AB - The new method of solid-liquid extraction of oestrogens from pregnancy urine with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges was compared to the approved method of extraction with Amberlite XAD-2 columns. At about equal costs the extraction by Sep-Pak cartridges turned out to be more economical with respect to time and work. The yield was higher by about 35% and the precision was slightly improved. On account of these results the hitherto applied method of extraction by Amberlite XAD-2 was replaced by the Sep-Pak C18 method within our routine analysis for oestrogen determination in pregnancy monitoring. The method proved to be good over one year; therefore it can be recommended generally. PMID- 6555127 TI - [Tumor registries--possibilities and risks]. AB - Accurately identified and carefully stored diagnoses could eventually supply important pointers to still unknown laws governing the incidence of cancer. Unfortunately, however, diagnoses which are formulated in a simplified manner, are often overrated. If differentiated analyses are concerned with the large spectrum of variety of cancer, they are often disregarded or, rather, ignored. Hence, the risks involved in the storage of conventional and commonplace concepts in computers are indeed very high. Even if a sharply defined concept such as pregnancy diagnosis during the first three months of pregnancy under the viewpoint of terminator is employed, this may involve the programming of errors which are absolutely weird. It follows from this that utmost caution is advised when propagating the concept of a computerized "cancer register" which is now "en vogue", since this may lead to the institutionalisation of glaring errors and misinterpretations. It would be particularly inane to set up registers as appendices to so-called cancer centres, as suggested by the Federal German Ministry of Labour. Only few persons will be able to imagine and assess the possible consequences of such action. PMID- 6555128 TI - [Axillary lymph node metastases as first manifestation of occult breast cancers]. AB - Within a period of 8 years 12 women patients were referred to the authors with histologically established lymph node metastases in the axilla without a primary tumour being identified despite careful examination. Subsequent follow-up showed that the only possible cause in these patients was a primarily occult carcinoma of the breast. This rare manifestation of a carcinoma of the breast is discussed on the basis of the case reports and the literature with particular regard to the diagnostic and therapeutic problem involved. PMID- 6555129 TI - [Involvement of the mamillae in breast cancer]. AB - 500 cases of carcinoma of the female breast were analysed in connection with the problem whether there is any involvement of the mamilla in this disease. The mamilla was found to be involved in 98 cases (19.6%), the incidence rate of this involved increasing with advancing age. A comparison of the types of carcinoma showed that the largest group (44%) was represented by the solid carcinomas. The percentage of carcinoma distribution was approximately the same as the share of mamilla involvement, with the exception of adenoid carcinoma. Only 12% of the mamillae were involved with a tumour diameter of less than 3 cm, whereas in the case of larger carcinomas the percentage was 30%. The distance between tumour and mamilla is also important. If the mamilla was affected, the homolateral axilla was also affected in 54% of the cases, but this figure dropped to 27% if the mamilla had remained free. This leads to the conclusion that while a conservative, non-radical surgical treatment is fundamentally possible, the selection and the formation given to the patients must be done with great care. The problem of multicentricity remains. Long-term comparisons have not been made so far. PMID- 6555130 TI - [Breast reconstruction following mastectomy: not only a surgical technic problem]. PMID- 6555131 TI - [Oestrogens in the cell: differences between uterine and mammary tissue]. AB - The studies reported here on the distribution of oestrogens in different cellular compartments in the uterine and mammary tissue, which was determined by means of a new extraction method, show great differences in concentration of oestradiol and oestrone in the cellular nucleus and in the cytosol. These data are very difficult to reconcile with the conventional model of the mechanism of action of the oestrogens in the cell. The results would rather indicate that the chemically detectable receptors are not freely available without exception to all steroids in the cytosol of the cell. PMID- 6555132 TI - [Markerfunction of crosslinked fibrin derivatives in ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian cancer: a comparison with ascitic fluid in liver cirrhosis]. AB - Ascitic fluid from patients with ovarian cancer contains high levels of fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP). Crosslinked fibrin derivatives were isolated by precipitation and separated by PAA-gel-electrophoresis. In order to evaluate the submolecular structure the total precipitate and single derivatives were investigated after cleavage of the disulfide bonds. The findings are related to the radioimmunological measurements of certain fibrinopeptides. Tumor ascites contains approximately ten times higher levels of crosslinked fibrin derivatives than cirrhosis ascites. The fibrinopeptide A content is similar, whereas the levels of plasmin-induced alpha-chain fragment are significantly higher in tumor ascites. The findings suggest a catabolism of fibrinogen in ascitic fluid via coagulation and fibrinolysis. In tumor ascites fibrinogen is catabolized to a significantly higher degree via the degradation of crosslinked fibrin. Crosslinked fibrin derivatives may therefore be usable as non-carcinoembryogenic tumor markers. PMID- 6555133 TI - [Morphometrical determination of the distribution of glands in the uterine cervix]. PMID- 6555134 TI - [Late results in fallopian tubes studies on the Bleier clip]. AB - We report on 243 patients with sterilisation by the Bleier Clip. 234 patients were operated by coeliotomia posterior. 9 cases were sterilized in combination with Caesarean section. In 4 of 243 women we observed pregnancies during the follow-up period (failure rate = 16%). The mean time of the 4 conceptions after operation was 43 months. This result shows that the primary cause was not the operation technique but the systemic failure of the Bleier Clip. In cases with controls by hysterosalpingography all Fallopian tubes were occluded, 84% together with a sactosalpinx. PMID- 6555135 TI - [Can the diagnosis "stress incontinence" be reliably made even without urodynamic clarification?]. AB - Anamnestic data and gynaecological findings of 1036 incontinent women without previous incontinence surgery were examined with the aim in mind to safely establish a diagnosis of stress incontinence. The information given by 234 women (initial group), whose answers were recorded on two different questionnaires, were compared with those of 802 women (control group). By one single information, namely, that urine can be retained for more than three hours, it is possible to predict stress incontinence with an accuracy of 85% in 46% of all incontinent women of the starting group. In a sub-group defined by three data (40% of all women) stress incontinence can be assumed with an accuracy of 90%. As a result, the indication for incontinence surgery in 40% of all examined women could be made with an error rate of 10% only, compared with 26% in the starting group. PMID- 6555136 TI - [What does a "reasonable" patient mean for medical information?]. PMID- 6555137 TI - [The medical expert and his standards]. AB - The expert needs clearly outlined principles which are accepted by the majority of carefully and scrupulously working physicians. These principles are world-wide known as standards. They can be changed by progress in medical science. Their value is restricted by the fact that in the particular case with its individual peculiarities they may be of no help. Presenting a few cases, some problems for the medical expert are shown. Cardiotocography, Apgar-score, ureter, problems of organisation, the lethal outcome and the difficulties of preoperative information of the patient find particular consideration. The importance of the dialogue between physician and lawery is pointed out. PMID- 6555138 TI - [Role of medical information processing for quality assurance in obstetrics]. AB - The paradigma of problem-orientated assuring of the professional quality of medical case is a kind of "control loop system" consisting of the following 5 steps: routine observation, identification of the problem, analysis of the problem, translation of problem solutions into daily practice and control as to whether the problem has been solved or eliminated. Medical data processing, which involves documentation, electronic data processing and statistics, can make substantial contributions especially to the steps of observation, identification of the problem, and follow-up control. Perinatal data collection, which has already been introduced in 6 Lander of the Federal Republic of Germany, has supplied ample proof of this. These operations were conducted under the heading "internal clinical assuring of quality with external aid". Those clinics who participated in this programme, were given the necessary aid in self-observation (questionnaires, clinical statistics), and they were also given comparative informative data to help them in identifying the problems (clinical profiles, etc.). It is entirely left to the responsibility of the clinics themselves- voluntary cooperation and guarantee of remaining anonymous being a matter of course -- to draw their own consequences from the collected data and to translate these into clinical everyday practice. PMID- 6555139 TI - [Regulation of human placental progesterone synthesis]. AB - The steroid hormone progesterone is necessary for the maintenance of human pregnancy. It protects the uterus against the labour-inducing effect of prostaglandins and oxytocine. Before the 8.-9th week of gestation progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum and thereafter by the human placenta. The progesterone production of the human placenta is widely independent of endocrine organs of the mother and the foetus and controlled by autoregulation. Progesterone is formed from cholesterol taken up from the maternal circulation in the form of lipoprotein complexes. After side-chain cleavage of cholesterol pregnenolone is formed, which is converted by a 3 beat-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, delta 4-5 isomerase to progesterone. Progesterone is released partly to the mother and via the umbilical cord to the foetus. In the foetus a high conversion to 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone takes place and this compound is transported to the placenta and recycled to progesterone. The steroidogenic enzymes of the progesterone pathway are controlled by various feedback inhibitions; activators could not be isolated so far. PMID- 6555140 TI - [Obstetric management of labor in severe fetal growth retardation. Diagnosis, labor and prognosis of the newborn]. PMID- 6555141 TI - [The extremely immature newborn--a dilemma of the obstetrician and paediatrician]. AB - The uncertain prognosis of premature newborn with an extremely low birth weight has so far resulted in uncertainty regarding the therapeutic measures to be taken, both with obstetricians and with paediatricians. However, the follow-up studies made up to now show that such infants do not have bad prospects. Prematurely born infants with a birth weight of 1000-1500 g are without any later handicaps with a quota of 85-90% provided they are given well-organized intensive care treatment. Children between 750-1000 g birth weight are without psychomotor anomalies with an average incidence of 75-80%. However, the few available studies conducted on even more severely immature infants point towards a rapidly rising probability of physical disability if the birth weight is below 750 g or the duration of pregnancy less than 26 weeks. It seems that this denotes the present limit value of perinatal intensive-care medicine. PMID- 6555142 TI - [Control of renal blood flow]. AB - Control mechanisms for total renal blood flow (RBF) or regional blood flow were reviewed. Physiological and experimental conditions will usually cause simultaneous activation of several control mechanisms. The many interactions and secondary effects through release of intrarenal hormones, i.e., the renin angiotensin system, prostaglandins and the kallikrein-kinin system, complicate the picture even more; but they also make it easy, and tempting, to construct various feedback control systems for renal hemodynamics. 1. There is no functional evidence for renal vasodilator nerves, while both pre- and postglomerular resistance vessels are supplied by adrenergic constrictor nerves. Nervous vasoconstrictor tone is absent or low under basal conditions, but may be activated by a number of afferent stimuli. 2. Intrarenal distributions of adrenergic alpha- and beta-receptor are homogeneous and beta-receptor may be selectively located in the afferent arterioles. On the other hand, the distribution of dopamine and acetylcholine receptor is not uniform, and they are distributed more in the inner cortex than in the outer cortex. 3. The renal arterioles are highly sensitive to the vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin II and to the vasodilator action of prostaglandin E2 and bradykinin. Under basal conditions, there seems to be no resting "angiotensin vasoconstrictor tone" and "bradykinin vasodilator tone", whereas salt depletion and certain types of renal hypertension may be associated with sustained renal vasoconstriction caused by angiotensin II. 4. Autoregulation tends to keep RBF and GFR constant at varying arterial pressure. There is no direct evidence for a metabolic autoregulation of RBF and for a contribution of intrarenal humoral factors for autoregulation. Thus, in spite of only indirect evidence, a Bayliss mechanism is still an attractive hypothesis, and would in fact seems to satisfy more experimental observations than any other mechanism. PMID- 6555143 TI - Careers in nephrology nursing. PMID- 6555144 TI - Uncle Sam needs nurses. PMID- 6555145 TI - Financing your nursing education, is your mother an Avon lady? PMID- 6555146 TI - The Nurse Training Act: a history of support. PMID- 6555147 TI - Scholarships and grants: taxable? PMID- 6555148 TI - My most unforgettable patient. PMID- 6555149 TI - [From general and visual ergonomics in adults to school ergonomics. Contribution to the study of lighting in schools]. PMID- 6555150 TI - [Asthenia--fatigue]. PMID- 6555151 TI - [Professional secrecy and its snares]. PMID- 6555152 TI - [Infant-child alcoholisation. Part 3]. PMID- 6555153 TI - [From general and visual ergonomics in adults, to school ergonomics. Part 2]. PMID- 6555155 TI - [The intramuscular injection. Ventreal gluteal muscles]. PMID- 6555156 TI - [Reflections on nurse-patient communication in the year Of communications 1983]. PMID- 6555154 TI - [A necessity: professional education of hospital service personnel]. PMID- 6555157 TI - [Between mother and child: an important bond since birth?]. PMID- 6555158 TI - [Care of bone pins for bone traction]. PMID- 6555159 TI - [Youth in a high school: challenge for the school nurse]. PMID- 6555160 TI - [Evolution of the responsibility of nurses in Canada]. PMID- 6555161 TI - Serum levels of C3-activator (antifactor B) in leprosy. PMID- 6555162 TI - Community child health services--for better or worse? PMID- 6555163 TI - Managing the Health Service: the battle over budgets--how to fight back. PMID- 6555164 TI - Defining child mistreatment. PMID- 6555165 TI - Emotional abuse of children. PMID- 6555166 TI - Twenty months of Fridays--a support group for health visitors. PMID- 6555167 TI - A plague of rubber plants. PMID- 6555168 TI - A man and his dog. PMID- 6555169 TI - Congenital dislocation of the hip and club foot in the young child. PMID- 6555170 TI - A new aid in screening for congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 6555171 TI - CDH--a mother's experience. PMID- 6555172 TI - Managing the health service. 5. The budgetary battle within. PMID- 6555173 TI - All in a day's work. PMID- 6555174 TI - Accidents in the under fives. PMID- 6555175 TI - Innovations by a primary health care team. PMID- 6555176 TI - A mothers' and babies' group in a family health clinic: an interdisciplinary project. PMID- 6555177 TI - A health and social club for the middle-aged and elderly. PMID- 6555178 TI - Grief reactions after cot death. PMID- 6555180 TI - Counselling the bereaved. PMID- 6555179 TI - Women's reactions to late miscarriage, stillbirth and perinatal death. PMID- 6555181 TI - Counselling: a health visiting skill. PMID- 6555182 TI - National Child Health and Education Survey: bedwetting at five years of age. PMID- 6555183 TI - Childhood encopresis--a clinical psychologist's approach. PMID- 6555184 TI - Postnatal groups what format do mothers want? PMID- 6555185 TI - In praise of volunteers and vicars. PMID- 6555187 TI - What's your view of a playgroup? PMID- 6555186 TI - Child's play. PMID- 6555188 TI - Squeaky toys and babies' reactions. PMID- 6555189 TI - Susceptibility of penicillin-resistant pneumococci to eighteen antimicrobials: implications for treatment of meningitis. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antibiotics including 16 beta lactam antibiotics were determined by agar dilution on 70 strains of pneumococci (25 penicillin sensitive, 18 intermediate resistant and 27 resistant). The antimicrobials tested were penicillin G, ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, mezlocillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefamandole, latamoxef (moxalactam), cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, SCH 29482, chloramphenicol and vancomycin. Of these agents, only cefotaxime demonstrated greater activity than penicillin against intermediate penicillin-resistant strains while cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, N-formimidoyl thienamycin and vancomycin as well as cefotaxime demonstrated activity superior to penicillin against penicillin-resistant strains. Comparison of the MIC90s of these agents with the achievable cerebrospinal fluid levels suggests that meningitis caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococci should respond to treatment with cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone and vancomycin. PMID- 6555190 TI - Resistance in oral streptococci after repeated two-dose amoxycillin prophylaxis. AB - Twelve normal volunteers received two doses of 3 g amoxycillin at weekly intervals on up to five occasions. Amoxycillin-resistant oral streptococci were not isolated from any subject beforehand, but they had appeared in all eleven subjects (who could be included in the analysis) by the end of the investigation, and in one subject after one administration of double dose amoxycillin. Resistant streptococci were undetectable in all volunteers 13 weeks after their last dose of amoxycillin. All resistant streptococci identified were Streptococcus sanguis (non-dextran-producing), many were highly resistant to amoxycillin and some were also moderately resistant to erythromycin. The minimum bactericidal concentrations for the most resistant streptococcal strains isolated were less than the peak serum amoxycillin concentrations expected following a 3 g oral dose of amoxycillin. In the majority of volunteers the counts of oral resistant streptococci had greatly declined by about 6 weeks following the last administration of a double dose of amoxycillin. If further dental treatment liable to cause bacteraemia is required within six weeks of double dose amoxycillin prophylaxis an alternative regimen should be sought. PMID- 6555191 TI - Adsorption chromatography of nucleic acids on silicone-coated porous glass. AB - Bovine liver tRNA was adsorbed on silicone-coated porous glass in 5 M NaCl, 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.6) and fractionated by elution with decreasing NaCl concentrations. tRNAPro, tRNAVal, tRNAIle, tRNAThr, tRNASer, and tRNAPhe were eluted in this order. tRNA which had been digested with ribonuclease A was not adsorbed. Q beta RNA (adsorbed onto the glass in 5 M NaCl) was eluted with 1.5 M NaCl. RNA species in a crude rRNA fraction from Escherichia coli were separated into tRNA, 5S rRNA, and high molecular weight rRNA on siliconized porous glass. A half of calf thymus DNA was adsorbed on the glass in 5 M NaCl and the residual part passed through the column. The CD spectra showed that DNA and tRNA took the C-form and the A-form in 5 M NaCl, respectively. Therefore, the discrepancies of behavior of the DNA and RNA on siliconized porous glass may be related to the occurrence of these forms. The recovery of these nucleic acids from the column was 83-100%. Adsorption chromatography on siliconized porous glass may be a useful method for the separation of tRNA, rRNA, and mRNA. PMID- 6555192 TI - Perturbation of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex by salts and detergents. Importance of hydrophobic interactions and possible involvement of lipids. AB - In order to gain some insight into the structural parameters important for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex formation, we have examined the effect of various salts and detergents on the stability and structure of the synthetase complex. Certain neutral salts were found to inactivate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities in the complex, and the order of effectiveness in this process followed a classical Hofmeister series. In addition, one of these salts, NaSCN, was also effective in partially dissociating the complex. Detergents varied in their ability to inactivate synthetases, with ionic detergents being most effective and nonionic detergents being much less destructive. Detergents, by themselves, could partially disrupt the complex; however, in the presence of 1 M NaCl, nonionic detergents did lead to considerable dissociation of synthetases and generation of low molecular weight forms of these enzymes. Removal of lipids from the complex with the nonionic detergent, Triton X-114, rendered arginyl-tRNA synthetase sensitive to the addition of NaCl. However, this salt sensitivity was abolished by readdition of a lipid extract isolated from the complex. These results implicate hydrophobic interactions in the stability of the synthetase complex, and suggest the possible involvement of lipids in maintaining its structural integrity. PMID- 6555193 TI - Proteinase inhibitory assays of serum using high-performance size exclusion chromatography. AB - A size exclusion column (Spherogel TSK-2000 SW) was utilized in a high performance size exclusion chromatographic assay to determine the proteinase inhibitory capacity of human sera. Values from assays using this technique agreed well with the standard spectrophotometric inhibitory assays. Nanogram to milligram amounts of protein, namely, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, elastase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and their corresponding complexes with the inhibitor, were fractionated in less than 15 min. The nitrated or oxidized alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was shown to retain its ability to form stable complexes with trypsin or chymotrypsin; however, they lost the inhibitory activity against elastase and instead they behaved as common protein substrates for this enzyme. The present chromatographic procedure was unable to detect any peptide released when the native inhibitor and any of the proteinases reacted to form a complex. Moreover, dissociation of the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor--elastase complex in an alkaline pH did not result in the formation or release of any peptide. PMID- 6555194 TI - Problems of rehabilitation of Filipino stoma patients. PMID- 6555196 TI - IAET strategic planning report: part V. PMID- 6555195 TI - Patient teaching guidelines. PMID- 6555197 TI - Media coverage of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. PMID- 6555198 TI - Hyperplasia or what? PMID- 6555199 TI - Polyurethane film dressings. PMID- 6555200 TI - Changing convexity of faceplates. PMID- 6555201 TI - Combination of karaya-based skin barrier and a closed-cell foam in pouching of urinary diversions. PMID- 6555202 TI - The paradox of nursing. AB - Most definitions, or descriptions of nursing emphasize that it is an interpersonal activity focusing on the understanding of the patient as an individual. In addition, such descriptions highlight not only the caring aspect of the role of nursing but also the health maintenance and rehabilitation aspects. The paper discusses the fact that despite these definitions, nursing is still task orientated, largely based on the medical model and hidebound by tradition. Suggestions are made of ways in which this approach may be altered. The use of the nursing process, the concept of the primary nurse and the developing of empathetic understanding being some of the ways in which individualized care may become a reality. The adherence to tradition highlights that nurses are the greatest hindrance to progress in nursing. PMID- 6555203 TI - Relation of nursing activities to increases in intracranial pressure. AB - Increased intracranial pressure (ICP), a frequent finding in head trauma and other cerebral pathology, poses a serious threat to patients' prognosis and recovery. While considerable attention has been given to medical therapies used in reducing ICP, only recently has nursing looked at the effect care specific activities may have. In this descriptive and observational study of nine patients with cranial pathology and a Richmond bolt for measuring ICP, findings confirmed that nursing activities and environmental factors are associated with pressure increases. Respiratory care activities (mean 12.7 mmHg) and repositioning (mean 12.6 mmHg) resulted in the highest increases while lesser increases were associated with doing neuro-assessments (mean 7.2 mmHg) and spontaneous movements (mean 7.9 mmHg) of the patient. When the conversation was directed to the patient, the pressure increased in 33 of the 86 observations (mean 8.6 mmHg), in 21 of the 35 conversations about the patient, the mean pressure increase was 9.03 mmHg. Because many activities occurred simultaneously, it was difficult to derive the extent of elevation associated with a specific activity. Findings from this study and studies by other nurse researchers suggest actions nurses can use to minimize pressure increases. Many areas for further study exist. PMID- 6555204 TI - Do nurses help or hinder mothers who breastfeed? AB - A 5-week programme of breastfeeding inservice education, included classes on a repeated series of three topics, a film, provision of reading material, tests and the availability of a nurse-clinician for consultation and assistance. The study was carried out in a 50-bed maternity unit. Participation was voluntary. Of the 112 registered nurses and 42 practical nurses, between one-third and one-half participated in one or more of the various aspects. Follow-up tests revealed considerable disagreement among the staff on knowledge and nursing interventions related to breastfeeding. PMID- 6555205 TI - A philosophical analysis of caring in nursing. AB - The concept of caring is fundamental to our understanding of human nature. A philosophical examination of the concept in a particular context by analytical and phenomenological methods, may help to characterize the responsibilities and potentialities of caring. The concept of caring as applied to nursing has both an activities and an attitudes aspect. The latter is complex in particular, involving cognitive, moral and emotional factors. Attention, perception and recognition of fundamental moral values such as respect for persons are discussed, prior to an attempt to elucidate the emotional components of caring further. Whilst it is evident that liking or affection for a patient may be contingently present in nursing care, perhaps compassion and gratitude may also be generated by the nurse-patient relationship, where certain benefits of understanding can also accrue to the nurse. The development of such relationships implies a long-term caring context, severely at odds with many institutional and economic pressures today. PMID- 6555206 TI - Moral reasoning and the student nurse. AB - The traditional curriculum in nurse education has tended to emphasize the acquisition of knowledge and practical skills and to ignore, for the most part, close examination of the social and moral dimensions of the nurse's role. The authors suggest that we ought to include a much more substantial consideration of moral issues in the nurse education and, in particular, they argue that Kohlberg's model of moral development could provide a theoretical framework. This model is based on a cognitive-developmental approach in which an individual's level of reasoning is assessed by the use of a variety of hypothetical dilemmas. Kohlberg claims to identify six qualitatively distinct stages and argues that the transition from one stage to the next results from the individual's active attempts to resolve conflicts arising from moral dilemmas. Some suggestions are made about the ways in which discussion of moral dilemmas might be incorporated within a moral reasoning module in the nurse education curriculum and proposals are made for methods of teaching such a module. PMID- 6555207 TI - Conceptual behaviour of Chinese mothers in relation to their newborn infants. AB - A study of 20 mothers was conducted to determine the cognitive operations used by Chinese mothers in conceptual behaviour toward their newborn infants. Mothers' spontaneous speech, referring to the newborn infants during the feeding sessions, comprised the data for analysis. A total of 2300 records of behaviour were produced as mothers used orienting, evaluating and delineating operations in conceptualizing their newborn infants. Four aspects of the newborn infant namely, appearance, physical state, body function and social characteristics were important to these new mothers. Mothers tended to use orienting behaviour more frequently (P less than 0.001) than both evaluating and delineating behaviours as they conceptualized infants' body functions and physical state. Delineating behaviour was significantly (P less than 0.001) more important in relation to infants' appearance than to other aspects of the infants. Mothers' parity seemed to be a significant variable (P less than 0.05) only when mothers evaluate the infants' appearance. Comparison between Chinese and American maternal conceptual behaviour revealed that American mothers, in general, tended to use evaluating and delineating behaviour more frequently than Chinese mothers; but no significant difference in using orienting behaviour was found. As for the four aspects of the infant, there was no significant difference in two groups as they conceptualized infants' appearance and social characteristics. However, a significant difference (P less than 0.05) was found in relation to infants' physical state and body functions. PMID- 6555208 TI - Hysterectomy: a study in coping with recovery. AB - This article reports on part of a descriptive study of recovery from hysterectomy which was set within a cognitive-phenomenological theory of coping. Women's pessimistic beliefs in old wives' tales and the possible effects of hysterectomy were modified as they experienced operation and recovery. The majority made a good recovery in health and activity terms, and according to their own assessments. However information provided by staff and social support from partners, families and friends were low in quality and quantity, and the data includes some evidence that lack of support may have interfered with progress after hysterectomy. Implications of the study for nursing practice and research are discussed in conclusion. PMID- 6555210 TI - Recent progress in cardiac nursing and rehabilitation programmes. AB - The value of coronary care units in reducing mortality has been questioned in recent years. However, nurses working in such units have acquired considerable specialist knowledge about coronary artery disease and the psychological problems of patients requiring intensive care. During the 1970s several formal studies of patient management and secondary prevention were developed and reported by nurses. In this review these findings and their effects on patients, relatives and nursing staff are discussed. PMID- 6555209 TI - Nurse therapist trainee variability: the implications for selection and training. AB - This paper examines some of the data obtained from the Joint Board of Clinical Nursing Studies Course Number 650, which ran at the Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, London, 1978-1979. During this particular training programme, eight nurse therapist trainees treated a total of 251 patients assessed as suitable for behaviour therapy. Data were collected from patients by trainees on four separate occasions; before treatment, after treatment, and at follow-up intervals of 1 and 6 months. It was suggested that therapists would vary systematically in terms of the assessment scores used to measure outcome. This was explored using analysis of variance techniques, where several treatment outcome measures were used as dependent variables. The analyses, which were undertaken using SPSS and GLIM computer packages, clearly demonstrated therapist variability. The results are discussed within the theoretical framework of Sudman & Braburn's (1974) interviewing model and O'Muircheartaigh & Wiggins' (1981) consideration of response errors. The implications for the selection and training of nurse therapists are presented. The final conclusion of the paper is that, although the patient's clinical outcome may be related to therapist allocation, the eight trainees allowed themselves to 'open' their activities to this evaluative approach--which in turn demonstrates their professionalism. PMID- 6555211 TI - Critique of 'Psychology and nursing: the case for an empirical approach' by Lesley Wattley and Dave J. Muller. PMID- 6555212 TI - Nurses react to death anxiety. PMID- 6555214 TI - Care enough to hear. PMID- 6555213 TI - Our patients, the teachers. PMID- 6555216 TI - "Commenting editorially: nursing diagnosis". PMID- 6555215 TI - Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factor. IV. Identification of glycosylation-enhancing factor as a kallikrein-like enzyme. AB - Stimulation of normal rat splenic T cells with pertussigen (lymphocytosis promoting factor, LPF, from Bordetella pertussis) resulted in the release of a soluble factor that enhanced the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis. The soluble factor was detected by the ability of a culture filtrate of LPF-stimulated spleen cells to switch a T cell hybridoma, 23A4, from the formation of unglycosylated IgE-binding factor to the formation of glycosylated IgE-binding factor. The glycosylation-enhancing factor (GEF) had affinity for D-galactose, and the binding of the factor to hybridoma cells via a cell surface galactose was essential for modulation of IgE-binding factors. The GEF was inactivated by irreversible inhibitors of serine proteases such as phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, diisopropylfluorophosphate, and p-nitrophenyl ethylpentylphosphonate but was not affected by nonphosphorylating analogues of the organophosphorus compounds. Benzamidine, a competitive and reversible inhibitor of trypsin, also inhibited the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors by GEF. The factor could be purified by absorption to p-aminobenzamidine agarose followed by elution with benzamidine. The capacity of GEF to enhance the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors was inhibited by synthetic substrates of trypsin but not by substrates of chymotrypsin, indicating that GEF is a trypsin like enzyme. Indeed, trypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein enhanced the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors during their biosynthesis. An inhibitor of trypsin-like enzyme(s), N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethylketone (TLCK), inhibited trypsin and plasmin but not kallikrein, and TLCK failed to inhibit the GEF-mediated enhancement of glycosylation. It was also found that bradykinin, the biologically active product of cleavage of kininogen by kallikrein, enhanced the glycosylation of IgE-binding factors. The results indicate that GEF is a kallikrein-like enzyme. PMID- 6555217 TI - Neonatal mortality statistics: an approach by individual hospitals. PMID- 6555218 TI - Chronic pain review. A diabetic paradox. PMID- 6555219 TI - Different rates of synthesis and turnover of ribosomal RNA in rat brain and liver. AB - The kinetics of in vivo labeling of cellular free UMP and nucleolar, nucleoplasmic, and cytoplasmic rRNA with [14C]orotate in rat brain and liver were investigated. Evaluation of the experimental data shows: (a) The rate of nucleolar precursors of ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) synthesis and the deduced rate of ribosome formation in brain is about fivefold lower than in liver and corresponds to 220-260 ribosomes/min/nucleus. (b) The lower rate of in vivo pre rRNA synthesis is correlated with a lower activity of RNA polymerase I in isolated brain nuclei. (c) The half-lives of nucleolar rRNA in brain and liver are 210 and 60 min, respectively, thus showing a slower rate of processing of pre rRNA in brain nucleoli. (d) The nucleo-cytoplasmic transport of ribosomes in brain is also markedly slower than in liver and reflects the lower rates of synthesis and processing of pre-rRNA. (e) Cytoplasmic ribosomes in brain and liver turn over with half-lives of about 6 and 4 days, respectively. It is concluded that the markedly lower rate of ribosome biogenesis in brain is specified mainly at the level of transcription of rRNA genes. PMID- 6555220 TI - The exit interview: a nursing management tool. AB - The exit interview can be an important source of data on how employees view their employer--information nurse administrators can use to improve relations between the hospital or agency and nurses and thus to decrease turnover. This article presents a rationale for the exit interview as a serious tool of nursing management and not just a perfunctory routine. It points out both the obvious and hidden costs of employee termination and replacement. Tips on eliciting answers that are informative and useful for improving future operations are given. PMID- 6555221 TI - Managing recruitment and retention problems: an application of the marketing process. AB - This article helps the nurse administrator apply the marketing process to manage recruitment and retention problems. The marketing process is presented through analogy to the comparable phases of the nursing process. A case study of a difficult recruitment problem in an intensive care unit is used to highlight steps in the process. Marketing techniques and specific situation analysis are emphasized. PMID- 6555222 TI - A staff education consortium: one model for collaboration. AB - This article describes the development of a staff education consortium consisting of five large medical center hospitals. The major reasons for the existence of the Consortium are collaboration for the purpose of mutual sharing, reduction in duplication, and cost containment of educational programming. The development, organization, activities, problems and future of this Consortium are discussed. PMID- 6555223 TI - Employee performance reviews that work. AB - Employee performance reviews can often be a frustrating, time-consuming and unproductive process for both the employee and the manager. This article outlines three steps that will make an employee performance review system more effective. According to the author, EPRs can be used to increase productivity, improve morale, and create better communication. PMID- 6555224 TI - Accountability and nursing diagnosis. AB - A taxonomy of nursing diagnoses improves communication within the domain of nursing practice. The author contends that use of this tool throughout the health care delivery system could lead to improved management of nursing care. Improvements could be made in identification of staffing requirements, justification of third party payments, development of quality assurance programs, establishment of standard terminology between nurses, and generation of an extensive and valid research data base. Nursing administrators should consider using accepted nursing diagnoses as one of the tools available to improve nursing care and to document nursing accountability. PMID- 6555225 TI - Marketing to nurses through an incentive program. AB - Attracting and retaining nursing staff is described as a marketing problem in this article. Nurse administrators can market their institutions to current and potential employees as desirable employers. The nurses in turn present a favorable image of the institution to the community at large if they are satisfied with their jobs. A vehicle to accomplish this task of marketing is the Incentive Career Mobility Plan. Implemented a year ago as a pilot project, this incentive program is achieving its goal of improving employee morale and retention by rewarding self-improvement. PMID- 6555226 TI - Infection control & IV therapy. PMID- 6555227 TI - Sterile packaging: an independent evaluation. PMID- 6555229 TI - The Winter Head Dressing. PMID- 6555228 TI - Evaluation of a glutaraldehyde-phenate solution used to disinfect endoscopes and instruments in a freestanding surgical facility. PMID- 6555230 TI - A profile of nursing at ... City of Faith Medical and Research Center. PMID- 6555231 TI - A new shock absorber! PMID- 6555232 TI - Hemostatic agents. PMID- 6555233 TI - Outpatient surgery centers, chapter III: inventory control and material management. PMID- 6555235 TI - Heaven help us! They are shooting a movie today. PMID- 6555234 TI - The impact of bar code scanning on the health care industry. PMID- 6555236 TI - Surgical instruments: their care and characteristics. PMID- 6555237 TI - Surgical wound infections: causes and treatment. PMID- 6555238 TI - Comparison of the effects of beta-phenylethylamine and d-amphetamine on rat isolated atria. AB - beta-Phenylethylamine (PEA) produced a positive chronotropic effect in the spontaneously beating isolated rat atria. The concentration-response curves to PEA and to d-amphetamine (AMPH) were virtually superimposed and potentiated to the same extent by inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline. As reported for AMPH, the rate accelerating effect of PEA was abolished by pretreatment with reserpine. In the reserpinized tissue, the responses to PEA were partly restored by pargyline pretreatment and fully restored after the incubation with norepinephrine (NE). Repeated exposures to high concentrations of both PEA and AMPH produced tachyphylaxis to low concentrations of the amines but did not modify the endogenous atrial content of NE. in atria labeled with [3H]NE, PEA (6.4 microM) and AMPH (7.9 microM) increased the overflow of tritium mainly as unmetabolized [3H] NE (90%). For both drugs the increase in 3H-transmitter outflow coincided with the positive chronotropic response and it was independent on external Ca++. Cocaine (3.3 microM), which inhibits the uptake mechanism of catecholamines, displaced to the right the concentration-response curves to both PEA and AMPH and reduced the overflow of [3H]NE elicited by either amine. The release of 3H-products elicited by PEA was not modified by drugs that inhibit the uptake mechanism of NE accumulation, such as 26 microM corticosterone or 28 microM hydrocortisone. The results presented show that PEA behaves as AMPH as far as the mechanism of their indirect sympathomimetic effect is concerned. If accepted that PEA and AMPH, due to their high lipid solubility, might freely diffuse into nerves, the antagonism caused by cocaine on the effects of both amines could be interpreted as being the result of the inhibition by this drug of the carrier-mediated efflux of NE. PMID- 6555239 TI - Drug excretion into human milk: part II (continuing education). PMID- 6555240 TI - Pharmacology update: slow-release potassium chloride supplements. PMID- 6555241 TI - Sign-out rounds. PMID- 6555242 TI - Bereavement outcome for widows. PMID- 6555243 TI - Interpersonal communications task group. AB - Primary nurses can use their theoretical, pragmatic and creative efforts by being involved in groups such as the one mentioned in this article. For those unfamiliar with group work, course and seminars are available through colleges, universities and inservice departments of major hospitals. Even with this knowledge base, adequate supervision by a clinical expert is essential in providing this type of care to patients. Taking on a leadership role, the nurse becomes accountable for presenting effective interpersonal techniques with the hope that the patient would adapt and integrate such skills when he returns to the outside community. PMID- 6555244 TI - Interview. Fifty years of nursing. Annie Laurie Crawford. PMID- 6555245 TI - Calcium compartmentalization in cultured and adult myocardium: activation of a caffeine-sensitive component. AB - Calcium (Ca) exchange was studied under various perfusion conditions in monolayer myocardial culture and in the interventricular septum of the rabbit. In cultured cells perfused in HEPES buffered medium or in 10 mM phosphate (Pi), pH less than 7.2, 10 mM caffeine produced no change in 45Ca uptake rate. By contrast, increase of pH to 7.35 in the presence of 10 mM Pi caused 45Ca uptake rate to increase by more than two-fold when caffeine was added. Control 45Ca uptake (prior to caffeine) was markedly increased in 10 mM Pi, pH = 7.35 as compared to the two other perfusion conditions in the cultured cells. The same sequence of response of 47Ca uptake rate to caffeine was found in the rabbit septum, i.e. no increased uptake under HEPES or Pi, pH less than 7.2 perfusion, but significant increase under 10 mM Pi, pH 7.35 with development of progressive contracture only in the last case. Two other conditions produced sensitivity (both in 47Ca uptake and contracture) to caffeine in the septum. Preperfusion with ouabain in HEPES buffer increased caffeine sensitivity proportional to ouabain concentration (5 X 10(-7) to 10(-5) M) as did preperfusion with vanadate at low concentration (1 to 3 X 10( 6) M). The results suggest that activation of Ca uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is dependent upon a threshold of cellular Ca and that a stable contractile state is possible in the absence of SR activation in both cultured cells and adult ventricular tissue. PMID- 6555246 TI - [Clinical significance of serum elastase-1 determinations in patients with pancreatic disorders]. PMID- 6555247 TI - [Studies on the action of elastase; effect of elastase on the metabolism of lipids and connective tissues in experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6555248 TI - [Perinatal care. 3. Progress in the field of perinatal physiology: with special reference to abnormalities of respiratory and circulatory adaptation in fetuses and neonates]. PMID- 6555249 TI - [30 years of patient education in the use of pessaries: personal history of Mrs. Taki Hanyu. The past and present of education in pessary use]. PMID- 6555250 TI - [An overview on obstetric care in Australia]. PMID- 6555251 TI - [Instructions on family planning at the ambulatory clinic of Nagasaki University Hospital: the current status of training in pessary use]. PMID- 6555252 TI - [Trial deliveries while observing the procedure on the television screen. 1. Response of the patients]. PMID- 6555253 TI - [Nursing of a child with congenital heart defects: an interaction with the mother]. PMID- 6555255 TI - [The nurse and maternal tasks of early postpartum]. PMID- 6555254 TI - [Education for parents - a new view of an old subject]. PMID- 6555256 TI - [Methodology in research surveys. 13. Individual characteristics. 2]. PMID- 6555257 TI - [On the early stage of parent-child relationship: an impression at a symposium "Relationship between parents and children"]. PMID- 6555258 TI - [Pregnant women and alcohol drinking]. PMID- 6555259 TI - [Delivery in an upright position: experiences by patients]. PMID- 6555260 TI - [Observation on delivery in an upright position]. PMID- 6555261 TI - [Description of Odent's method of delivery in an upright position]. PMID- 6555262 TI - [A thought on midwifery]. PMID- 6555263 TI - [Return of the practice of home delivery--a projection to the 21st Century]. PMID- 6555264 TI - [What is "delivery"?]. PMID- 6555265 TI - [Delivery in an upright position: a future prospect at the dawn of the 21st Century]. PMID- 6555266 TI - [The evolution of obstetrics at Pithiviers]. PMID- 6555267 TI - [Study of delivery with the patient lying on her side]. PMID- 6555268 TI - [Clinical evaluation of delivery in a sitting position]. PMID- 6555269 TI - [Posture at delivery and associated physiological changes]. PMID- 6555270 TI - [Survey methods. 13. Characteristics of time]. PMID- 6555271 TI - [Obstetrical endocrinology. 1. Prostaglandins]. PMID- 6555272 TI - [Smoking by expectant mothers and its effect on the birth weight]. PMID- 6555273 TI - [Rape is not sex but violence]. PMID- 6555275 TI - [Observation of normal newborn infants]. PMID- 6555274 TI - [Topics on external version]. PMID- 6555276 TI - [Questions of ambulatory midwifery care]. PMID- 6555277 TI - [Progress toward the establishment of a midwife outpatient clinic]. PMID- 6555278 TI - [Practice of midwife outpatient care]. PMID- 6555279 TI - [Training of midwifery students at Sanraku Midwifery School: training for the independent practice of midwifery]. PMID- 6555280 TI - [Report by a student following an evaluation of the prenatal examination and health education of expectant mothers]. PMID- 6555281 TI - [Background and the process leading up to the establishment of midwife outpatient services]. PMID- 6555282 TI - [A private thought on the system of midwife outpatient care]. PMID- 6555283 TI - [Operation of a midwife clinic incorporating a nursery service]. PMID- 6555285 TI - [Analytical epidemiology. 1. The formats and accuracy of research]. PMID- 6555284 TI - [Help for parents after stillbirth]. PMID- 6555286 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 4. The maintenance of pregnancy and the onset of labor. 3. Prostaglandins and the mechanism of labor]. PMID- 6555287 TI - [The effects of chemical substances in tobacco smoke on pregnant women]. PMID- 6555288 TI - [Homicide by a woman with PMS (premenstrual syndrome)!?]. PMID- 6555289 TI - [Nonimmunologic fetal hydrops. 3]. PMID- 6555290 TI - [High blood pressure maintaining mechanisms in chronic one-kidney, one clip and two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats. I. Roles of the renin-angiotensin, kallikrein-kinin and prostaglandin systems]. PMID- 6555291 TI - [Interactions with families of terminal patients]. PMID- 6555292 TI - [Interactions with families of the deceased]. PMID- 6555293 TI - [Interactions with families of children with poor prognosis]. PMID- 6555294 TI - [Role of nurses in dealing with families of terminal patients]. PMID- 6555295 TI - [Problems of terminal care of cancer patients: results of a survey among families of deceased patients]. PMID- 6555296 TI - [Bedside nursing. Improvement by home nursing of an aged, bedridden patients with seemingly necrotic conditions of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6555297 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with amputation of the left foot for arteriosclerosis obliterans]. PMID- 6555298 TI - [Bedside nursing. On the "complaints" of patients: case studies]. PMID- 6555299 TI - [Bedside nursing. Apprehension of patients facing surgery and their nursing care: experience in the operating room]. PMID- 6555300 TI - [Activities at a psychiatric ward. 4. Experience as a volunteer counsellor over the telephone]. PMID- 6555301 TI - [Adolescent medicine. 12. A junior high school girl in an acute condition]. PMID- 6555302 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 1. Understanding of diabetes mellitus: a nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6555303 TI - [Understanding of patients by the Balint system. 4. Sorting of patient information using the PEG (patient evaluation grid) table]. PMID- 6555304 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Mitsuko Kurebayashi, a home care nurse affiliated with the "life care system"]. PMID- 6555306 TI - [Experiences in the first year of clinical nursing. Process and observation as a member of a nursing team]. PMID- 6555305 TI - [Visit to Nepal. 4. Medical care and nursing]. PMID- 6555307 TI - [Experiences in the first year of clinical nursing. Through interaction with a new nursing graduate: viewpoint of a senior nurse]. PMID- 6555308 TI - [Experiences in the first year of clinical nursing. Facing the reality]. PMID- 6555310 TI - [Experiences in the first year of clinical nursing. Determination upon reflection on the past year in clinical nursing]. PMID- 6555309 TI - [Experiences in the first year of clinical nursing. Happy children: 1-year experience at a pediatric ward]. PMID- 6555311 TI - [Experiences in the first year of clinical nursing. From the past 7 years in training new nursing graduates: a thought on the format of on-the-job training]. PMID- 6555312 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a child with Fanconi syndrome associated with glycogenolysis]. PMID- 6555313 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome developing kidney failure]. PMID- 6555314 TI - [Bedside nursing. Prevention of postoperative complications caused by general anesthesia: with special reference to prevention of atelectasis]. PMID- 6555315 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with myocardial infarction associated with grave complications]. PMID- 6555316 TI - [Study on hospice movements. A survey on the attitudes of health personnel toward patients in the terminal stage of cancer]. PMID- 6555317 TI - [Spirit and the current status of hospital volunteer activities in the United States]. PMID- 6555318 TI - [Survey on the use of bedside buzzers calling nurses at a hospital]. PMID- 6555319 TI - [Activities at a psychiatric ward. 5. Holders of a large key chain]. PMID- 6555320 TI - [Behavioral medicine. 1. Future form of medical practice]. PMID- 6555321 TI - [Clinical study of alcohol drinking. 5. Significance of the alcohol: a nutritional study]. PMID- 6555322 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 2. Physiopathology of diabetes mellitus based on the test values]. PMID- 6555323 TI - [Understanding of the patient by Balint method. 5. The background of angina pectoris]. PMID- 6555324 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Toshiko Sasagawa: 6 years as a volunteer working for patients with muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6555325 TI - [Visit to Nepal. 5. The major festival and a bus trip in Nepal]. PMID- 6555326 TI - [Ambulatory nursing: a report from Shioda Clinic. 5. The patient treatment room, the scene of major nursing activities. 1]. PMID- 6555327 TI - [Lessons on the sexual environment of patients--from an observation in a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6555328 TI - [Sex-oriented behavior of the aged and home care--sex-related behaviors of the aged encountered during home nursing]. PMID- 6555329 TI - [Approach to patients with postoperative impotence--case studies and a questionnaire survey]. PMID- 6555330 TI - [Nursing of unmarried teenagers undergoing induced abortion--a description of their care in case studies]. PMID- 6555331 TI - [Sexuality of patients with senile dementia: a case study and observation on the sociological significance of the sexual problems of the aged]. PMID- 6555332 TI - [Bedside nursing. A re-evaluation of psychiatric nursing through interactions with a schizophrenic patient and the difficulties in understanding his needs]. PMID- 6555333 TI - [Bedside nursing. A lesson from a cancer patient with a positive attitude toward life in spite of her terminal condition]. PMID- 6555334 TI - [Question of informing the terminal cancer patient of his illness and the conditions under which the information is to be given]. PMID- 6555335 TI - [Effective method of applying hot compresses]. PMID- 6555336 TI - [Activities in a psychiatric ward. 6. The nursing assignment and team work]. PMID- 6555337 TI - [Behavioral approach in medicine]. PMID- 6555338 TI - [Clinical medical aspects of alcohol drinking. 6. Liver diseases caused by alcohol drinking. 1]. PMID- 6555339 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 3. A standard for diabetic control]. PMID- 6555340 TI - [Understanding patients through the Balint method. 6. The therapy of angina pectoris]. PMID- 6555341 TI - [Visit to Nepal. 6. Social distinctions in medical care]. PMID- 6555342 TI - [Ambulatory nursing: a report from Shioda Clinic. 6. The patient treatment room, a scene of major nursing activities. 2]. PMID- 6555344 TI - [Status and nursing approach to children suffering from conditions caused by mothers' attitude]. PMID- 6555343 TI - [Distorted mother-child relationship and sick children. Refusal by children in social interactions]. PMID- 6555345 TI - [Nursing of a child expressing psychological conflict by hematemesis]. PMID- 6555347 TI - [18-month interaction with a delinquent boy]. PMID- 6555346 TI - [Nursing of an 11-year-old boy expressing maternal dependence by vomiting]. PMID- 6555348 TI - [Bedside nursing. Process of recovery of human dignity in a 17-year-old epileptic girl]. PMID- 6555349 TI - [Bedside nursing. Interactions with a patient with maladaptation syndrome manifested by infantile crying: on psychological interactions with the patient]. PMID- 6555350 TI - [Approach to a chronic schizophrenia patient avoided by other in-patients]. PMID- 6555351 TI - [Physicians in a psychiatric ward: their personalities and behavior]. PMID- 6555352 TI - [Enormity of the work of a head nurse]. PMID- 6555353 TI - [Behavioral analysis of the patient]. PMID- 6555354 TI - [Alcohol-induced liver diseases. 2]. PMID- 6555355 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 4. Types and understanding of complications of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6555356 TI - [Understanding of patients through Balint's method. 7. Bioethics]. PMID- 6555357 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Yayoi Taguchi who plays cembalo for self expression]. PMID- 6555358 TI - [Visit to Nepal. 7. Sexual life in the Nepalese society]. PMID- 6555359 TI - [Ambulatory nursing: a report from the Shioda Clinic. 7. The role of nursing in the examination room]. PMID- 6555360 TI - [Innovation in the socks for patients having steel wire traction of a leg]. PMID- 6555361 TI - [Study on emotional characteristics of students planning to enter nursing schools]. PMID- 6555362 TI - [Emergency nursing (2). Practice in primary resuscitation procedures with illustrations]. PMID- 6555363 TI - [On nursing education. 8. My method of clinical training: from the experience in clinical training in basic nursing]. PMID- 6555364 TI - [In search of educational humanity (2). My approach in education: from the students' viewpoint]. PMID- 6555365 TI - [Image of nursing students desired at the clinical scene]. PMID- 6555366 TI - [Interactions between students and teachers at the scene of clinical nursing training (4). Re-organization and a consideration on group evaluation]. PMID- 6555367 TI - [Study on clinical training in nursing: with special reference to responses by the students]. PMID- 6555368 TI - [Contribution by students to clinical training in nursing: concepts of the special isolation room and clinical training in psychiatry]. PMID- 6555369 TI - [Methods and forms of communication by students with patients at the start of clinical training in nursing]. PMID- 6555370 TI - [Overview on the future of nursing education. A presentation at the 44th seminar on nursing science, held by Igaku Shoin]. PMID- 6555371 TI - [Innovation in teaching nursing technology by citing iatrogenic incidents]. PMID- 6555372 TI - [Hospice and human right movement (1)]. PMID- 6555373 TI - [Secondary resuscitation procedures]. PMID- 6555375 TI - [In search of educational humanity (4). Understanding of man in education]. PMID- 6555374 TI - [On nursing education. 10. Teaching mutual-help relationship]. PMID- 6555376 TI - [On seeing off new nursing school graduates]. PMID- 6555377 TI - [Current status and problems associated with introduction of VTR (video tape recorder) to nursing education]. PMID- 6555378 TI - [Introduction of VTR (video tape recorder) in classroom training]. PMID- 6555379 TI - [Role-playing using VTR - an approach in understanding of patients in clinical training]. PMID- 6555380 TI - [Understanding of emergency electrocardiography]. PMID- 6555381 TI - [On nursing education. 11. The source of nursing philosophy]. PMID- 6555382 TI - [Re-examination of the true meaning of nursing research]. PMID- 6555383 TI - [Bioethics. An interview with Mr. Rihito Kimura. Interview by S. Kubo]. PMID- 6555384 TI - [Guidance of nursing students by periodic interviews]. PMID- 6555385 TI - [Evaluation of a table for evaluation of clinical performance in relation to the educational goal]. PMID- 6555386 TI - [Basics of medical electronic instruments]. PMID- 6555387 TI - [On nursing education. 12. The focal points significant in education. 1]. PMID- 6555388 TI - [Organizational activities based on citizens' participation. I. Pursuit of involvement by public health nurses. Recording of a meeting for studies on organizational activities held at Yokohama]. PMID- 6555389 TI - [Current status and problems of organizational activities--a lesson from the practice at Matsukawa-cho]. PMID- 6555390 TI - [My activities as a public health nurse--experience in health education]. PMID- 6555391 TI - [A visit to Nepal]. PMID- 6555392 TI - [Anticipated revision of the law concerning public health clinics: revision of the financial support of public health clinics to a fixed sum allotment system (unit payment system)]. PMID- 6555393 TI - Nurses can write for publication. PMID- 6555394 TI - Adolescents and abortion. A theoretical framework for decision making. AB - A knowledge of the factors influencing adolescent decision making, combined with decision-counseling techniques, will allow the nurse to improve the quality of a young woman's decision process and to reduce adverse reactions afterwards. Indeed, the young woman may take from the experience a more positive appraisal of herself as a decision maker, and perhaps begin to know mature compassion for herself and others. PMID- 6555395 TI - Vietnamese postpartum practices. Implications for nursing in the hospital setting. AB - Twenty Vietnamese families in Salt Lake City, Utah, were interviewed concerning postpartum practices. Results show that special dietary and activity proscriptions are widely accepted for Vietnamese primiparae and less rigidly accepted for multiparae. Activity proscriptions relate to the avoidance of cold, including drafts and showers, and avoidance of sexual intercourse. Bed rest and limitation of activity were also important to the subjects. Implications for nursing practice in the inpatient obstetrical unit are presented. PMID- 6555396 TI - Transition to fatherhood. An exploratory study. AB - An exploratory study of the transition to fatherhood for 50 first-time fathers is described. Subjects completed questionnaires within three weeks of their infant's birth and again three to five weeks postpartum on the topics of infant feeding, lifestyle changes, depression, fathering activities with their own father and those planned with their own child, marital adjustment, and infant feeding. Subjects showed no evidence of depression, were maritally well adjusted, were very involved in infant care, had experienced many lifestyle changes, and planned to continue to be very involved with their child. PMID- 6555397 TI - Evaluation of a discharge planning tool for use with families of high-risk infants. AB - The effectiveness of using a discharge planning tool for families with high-risk infants in a special care nursery is evaluated. Consistent use of the discharge planning tool resulted in parents' increased feeling of preparedness for discharge of their high-risk infants. Implications that resulted from the evaluation are presented. PMID- 6555398 TI - [For a better nursing network in adult diseases]. PMID- 6555399 TI - [When we want to study more]. PMID- 6555400 TI - [Looking back over my 20 years of learning about the care of psychiatric patients]. PMID- 6555401 TI - [Better working conditions, tender loving care]. PMID- 6555402 TI - [Inservice education]. PMID- 6555403 TI - [Continuing study through participation in a reading circle]. PMID- 6555404 TI - [We learn through everyday work]. PMID- 6555405 TI - [Enrolled in higher education programs]. PMID- 6555406 TI - [Definition and role of public health nursing in health care. American Public Health Association, Nursing Department]. PMID- 6555407 TI - [The nurse is there to offer help at that moment--answering questions concerning death and nursing]. PMID- 6555408 TI - [Caring for mothers and babies--stimulating babies to play]. PMID- 6555409 TI - [Profile: Chiyo Horiguchi, a former director of nursing of the Cancer Research Institute Hospital who provides cancer consultation by telephone]. PMID- 6555410 TI - [Koro in India. Vasoactive intestinal peptide hormone]. PMID- 6555411 TI - [Idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis]. PMID- 6555412 TI - [Registration and certificates of licensure]. PMID- 6555413 TI - Self-care practices of pregnant women from the Central Kansas area. PMID- 6555414 TI - Community health nurse follow-up of babies discharged from neonatal intensive care units. PMID- 6555415 TI - [Various aspects of the pathogenesis of the postischemic syndrome]. AB - The contribution of some regulatory humoral systems (sympathoadrenal, pituitary adrenal, kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin ones) to the development of postischemic hemodynamic disorders associated with acute arterial occlusion are demonstrated. Pathogenetic rationale is offered for methods of postischemic cardiovascular functional disorders control (the use of antienzyme drugs, cortisol, tocopherol on days 1-3 of the postischemic period). PMID- 6555416 TI - [State of the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood and lipid metabolism in patients with obliterating atherosclerosis associated with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6555418 TI - [Training program for hospital nursing administrator: role theory]. PMID- 6555417 TI - [Training program for hospital nursing administrator]. PMID- 6555419 TI - [Defining the role of nursing supervisor]. PMID- 6555420 TI - [The role of the clinical nurse specialist]. PMID- 6555421 TI - [The role of personnel manager of nursing]. PMID- 6555423 TI - [The supervisor's role as a problem solver]. PMID- 6555422 TI - [The role of the nursing director]. PMID- 6555424 TI - [Explanation of hospital survey profile in nursing services]. PMID- 6555425 TI - [Continuing education]. PMID- 6555426 TI - [Nursing in China - three perspectives]. PMID- 6555427 TI - [Gerontology in the U.S.A]. PMID- 6555428 TI - [Even words have side effects. Conversation between doctor and patient]. PMID- 6555429 TI - [Team work...and what can hide behind it]. PMID- 6555430 TI - [Dreams--viewed medically]. PMID- 6555431 TI - [Importance of computer tomography in diagnosing lumbar intervertebral disk prolapse]. PMID- 6555432 TI - [Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris). 1. Description of the clinical pictures, etiology and complications of psoriasis]. PMID- 6555433 TI - [Cerebral disorders in old age from the internist's viewpoint]. PMID- 6555434 TI - [The sick person and equipment]. PMID- 6555435 TI - Teaching about testicular cancer and testicular self-examination. AB - Testicular cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in young men. Because some 5,300 new cases of this disorder may be diagnosed annually, with an accompanying 950 deaths from complications, it is important that young males become informed about this potentially dangerous condition. In an effort to meet the educational needs of school health personnel and secondary school pupils, the authors of this paper review the pathology and epidemiology of testicular cancer, the technique of testicular self-examination, and some suggestions for teaching about this subject. PMID- 6555436 TI - Progress and focus of the national childhood immunization campaign. AB - In response to the alarming incidence of vaccine preventable childhood diseases in the late 1960s and early 1970s a nationwide campaign to improve and maintain immunization levels for selected diseases was instituted in 1977 by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Another program with the goal of eliminating indigenous measles by 1982 was announced the following year. As a result of efforts in federal, state and local quarters, an overall immunization level of 90% has been reached among the school-age population for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps and rubella. Although more newborns and preschool children have been vaccinated, there is a need to better protect these youngsters. With the measles case rate at an all-time low and transmission within the country drastically limited, the goal to eliminate native measles in the near future may be achievable. After nearly six years of concerted activity, immunization levels have improved so that attention has shifted to the development and implementation of a system to permanently maintain these high levels. Continuing support from the public and private sectors is vital if the campaign is to succeed. PMID- 6555437 TI - Demythologizing sex education in Oklahoma: an attitudinal study. AB - A randomized study was conducted to determine the distribution of attitudes among Oklahomans of voting age toward sex education and to analyze the relationship of demographic, sociocultural, and attitudinal factors. The state was stratified into six regions. Forty-five percent of the sample lived in urban areas, and 55% in rural areas. Random digit dialing and random selection within households were utilized to ensure a representative sample of the population. Eighty percent of the sample was found to be favorable toward sex education in the public schools, while 20% was unfavorable. A majority of respondents in all religious groups including "fundamentalists" were favorable. Seventeen variables were found to be significant in the univariate analysis of the data; eight were not significant. In a multivariate analysis, three variables, age, Protestant denominational type and female employment, were shown to have predictive ability in determining favorability and unfavorability. Implications for building community support for sex education also are discussed. PMID- 6555438 TI - Learned helplessness: a model to understand and overcome a child's extreme reaction to failure. AB - The author reviews literature on children's reactions to perceived failure and offers suggestions for preventing these reactions. Learned helplessness is a model offered to explain why a child who makes a mistake gives up even though competent to succeed. Sex differences in reactions to failure and feedback about failure from others are reviewed as well as different effects which perceived failure has upon the performances of helpless versus competent children. Attributions regarding success and failure emerge as a significant factor in children's behavior. A workshop format is offered as a form of consulting with classroom teachers concerned over children's extreme reaction to failure. PMID- 6555439 TI - Project "hypertension alert". AB - "Hypertension Alert", a 1979-80 blood pressure screening-awareness project of the Yonkers Public Schools, used health aides to work with students and school personnel to determine the blood pressure of 5,399 elementary, middle and high school pupils in 52 public and parochial schools. Using a cutoff of 130/85 mm Hg, 140 students with higher initial readings were followed up by school nurses and nurse teachers. Of these, 36 were referred to their private care providers. "Hypertension Alert" was received warmly in the schools. Many students appeared to acquire "blood pressure consciousness". A carry-over benefit in 1980-81 and 1981-82 has been the greatly increased use of sphygmomanometry in individual school health office programs. PMID- 6555440 TI - Gifted children benefit from health classes accelerated to their needs. AB - Health education is an optimal route for informing individuals and groups about their bodies and preserving and protecting health. Gifted children have the same health needs regarding health as all children, but because of their accelerated intellectual abilities, their need for information may out-distance those of peers. This article reflects the experience of a nurse-educator who taught a special summer health course to a group of academically talented fourth and fifth graders. The children chose this class on their own and were enthusiastic with "hands-on" experiences of human functioning. Not only were these youngsters a challenge to work with, but their ability to master concepts quickly made the course a truly dynamic learning experience. PMID- 6555441 TI - Weight reduction and maintenance for overweight, mentally retarded students, ages 9-17. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if overweight, mentally retarded students could safely lose weight and maintain their individual losses through a given time period (6 months). Minor changes in nutrition, and a simple activity program planned by school professionals was used. The program was implemented by school personnel and parents. PMID- 6555442 TI - Holistic health from the inside. PMID- 6555443 TI - Preliminary investigation on the effect of acupuncture of Neiguan (P. 6) and Shaofu (H. 8) on cardiac function of idiopathic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6555444 TI - Observation of immediate effect of acupuncture on electroencephalograms in epileptic patients. PMID- 6555445 TI - Clinical observation of 144 cases of rheumatoid arthritis treated with glycoside of Radix Tripterygium Wilfordii. PMID- 6555446 TI - Clinical observations on Tripterygium wilfordii in treatment of 26 cases of discoid lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6555447 TI - Treatment of fractures of upper femoral shaft by double nail reduction. Report of forty-two cases. PMID- 6555448 TI - Jade-Screen Powder Mixture in prevention of recurrent respiratory infections in children. PMID- 6555449 TI - Effects of Flos Carthami Co injection in the treatment of sclerema neonatorum. PMID- 6555451 TI - Recent advances in the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis with combined TCM and WM. PMID- 6555450 TI - A preliminary study on serum trace elements in "Yin-deficiency" and "Yang deficiency" patients. Application of the PIXE analysis in medical science. PMID- 6555452 TI - Lectures on essentials of traditional Chinese medicine. VII. Differentiation of syndromes. PMID- 6555453 TI - Studies on the anti-fatigue effect of the saponins of stems and leaves of panax ginseng (SSLG). PMID- 6555454 TI - [Nursing of patients with peptic ulcer. Physiopathology of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6555455 TI - [Nursing of patients with peptic ulcer. Diagnosis and therapy of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6555456 TI - [Nursing of patients with peptic ulcer. Nursing process for patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6555458 TI - [Nursing of patients with peptic ulcer. Evaluation of the nursing process: discussion]. PMID- 6555457 TI - [Nursing of patients with peptic ulcer. A case study]. PMID- 6555459 TI - [Nursing approach to foster maternal attitude - interactions with a new mother showing little interest toward her infant and assistance at a scene of feeding]. PMID- 6555460 TI - [Assistance of a patient with sequela of stroke]. PMID- 6555461 TI - [Nursing of a patient with little desire for recovery]. PMID- 6555462 TI - [Psychology of cancer patients: attitude to death]. PMID- 6555463 TI - [Nursing of a patient fitted with a cast - reduction of mental stress caused by restrictions on movement: a case study]. PMID- 6555464 TI - [Nursing of a manic-depressive patient persistently refusing food: a conference]. PMID- 6555465 TI - [Radiotherapy (1), Theory of radiotherapy]. PMID- 6555466 TI - [Planning of nursing process during surgery - a case of a breast cancer patient]. PMID- 6555467 TI - [The future for energy from the ocean (1)]. PMID- 6555468 TI - [Nursing following total gastrectomy]. PMID- 6555469 TI - [Nursing of patients with pregnancy toxemias. Physiopathology of pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6555470 TI - [Nursing of patients with pregnancy toxemias. Diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6555471 TI - [Nursing of patients with pregnancy toxemias. A nursing process for patients with pregnancy toxemia]. PMID- 6555472 TI - [Nursing of a patient with pregnancy toxemia: a case study]. PMID- 6555473 TI - [Nursing of patients with pregnancy toxemias. Evaluation of the nursing process. A discussion]. PMID- 6555474 TI - [Relationship between physiological weight loss of a newborn infant and the rate of weight gain in the first month]. PMID- 6555475 TI - [A lesson in nursing of a patient with disturbed consciousness]. PMID- 6555476 TI - [Psychology of cancer patients. Opportunities to observe patients facing death]. PMID- 6555477 TI - [On basic nursing of patients with disturbed consciousness. A case study]. PMID- 6555478 TI - [Nursing process: possibilities and limitations of planned practice. 13. Evaluation of each process: conclusion (1) - capacities of nursing personnel necessary for procedures in problem solving]. PMID- 6555479 TI - [Lesson in clinical nursing. Nursing of a patient in a grave condition refusing mechanical suction of phlegm]. PMID- 6555480 TI - [Radiotherapy (2). Methods]. PMID- 6555481 TI - [Development of a nursing process for a patient with a chronic condition - a case of liver cirrhosis at a non-compensatory stage]. PMID- 6555482 TI - [The future for energy from the ocean (2): electric power generation from the tidal and wave motions]. PMID- 6555483 TI - [Nursing of a patient with acute heart failure]. PMID- 6555484 TI - [Nursing of children with nephrotic syndrome. Physiopathology of nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6555485 TI - [Nursing of children with nephrotic syndrome. Diagnosis and treatment of nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6555486 TI - [Nursing of children with nephrotic syndrome. Nursing process for children with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6555487 TI - [Nursing of children with nephrotic syndrome. A case study]. PMID- 6555488 TI - [Nursing of children with nephrotic syndrome. Evaluation of the nursing process: discussion]. PMID- 6555490 TI - [Counseling at the time of discharge of a diabetic patient]. PMID- 6555489 TI - [Study on changes of the water temperature during cleansing of patients]. PMID- 6555491 TI - [Psychology of cancer patients. Application of philosophy of death to nursing]. PMID- 6555492 TI - [Nursing of a patient at a terminal stage of brain tumor - interactions with a patient with a reduced consciousness level and diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 6555493 TI - [Lessons in clinical training in nursing. Nursing of a patient following leg amputation due to diabetic gangrene]. PMID- 6555494 TI - [Radiotherapy (3). Application of radiotherapy]. PMID- 6555495 TI - [Planning of a nursing process for a rehabilitation stage - in a case of schizophrenia in an adolescent patient]. PMID- 6555496 TI - [The future for energy from the ocean (3): ships powered by the energy of waves and electric power generation from the temperature differentials of the ocean]. PMID- 6555497 TI - [Nursing of a small-for-date infant]. PMID- 6555498 TI - [Nursing of patients with prostatic diseases. Nursing process for patients with prostatic diseases]. PMID- 6555499 TI - [Nursing of patients with prostatic diseases. Nursing of a patient with prostatic cancer: a case study]. PMID- 6555500 TI - [Nursing of patients with prostatic diseases. Evaluation of the nursing process. Discussion]. PMID- 6555501 TI - [4 seasons at clinical wards. A reflection on refugee camps in Thailand]. PMID- 6555503 TI - [Nursing approach to a patient reporting constant pain]. PMID- 6555502 TI - [Nursing of neurotic patients. Encouragement of a patient with acute anxiety toward self reliance]. PMID- 6555504 TI - [Report from a psychiatric ward for men. Planned continuity in life and therapeutic activities]. PMID- 6555505 TI - [Nursing of a child with a congenital disease. A case study]. PMID- 6555507 TI - [Hemodialysis (1). Theory and devices]. PMID- 6555506 TI - [Conference: lessons in clinical training. Attitude of nursing personnel in understanding the patient - an interaction with an aged patient without family]. PMID- 6555508 TI - [Nursing process for terminal patients - a case of maxillary cancer]. PMID- 6555509 TI - [New media for the age of information revolution (1): digital communication (pulse code modulation: PCM)]. PMID- 6555510 TI - [Keypoint in nursing: perinatal nursing in twin pregnancy]. PMID- 6555511 TI - Impaired children and tort remedies: the emergence of a consensus. PMID- 6555512 TI - Revising medical consent forms: an empirical model and test. PMID- 6555513 TI - Adult protective services: convincing the patient to consent. PMID- 6555515 TI - Should hospitals be responsible for informed consent? PMID- 6555514 TI - Defective infants and their impact on families: ethical and legal considerations. PMID- 6555516 TI - [Cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 6555517 TI - [Diagnosis of postthrombophlebitic disease of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6555518 TI - [Characteristics of the nurse's work in a neurology department]. PMID- 6555519 TI - [Work of a tissue preservation laboratory in preparing fibrinolysis blood]. PMID- 6555520 TI - [Methods of preventing and treating aging of the skin]. PMID- 6555521 TI - [Patient treatment by hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6555522 TI - [Medical Worker's Day]. PMID- 6555523 TI - [Work of the district nurse in a dispensary department]. PMID- 6555524 TI - [Postoperative period of urological patients suffering from diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6555525 TI - [Role of the nurse in rehabilitating spinal injury patients]. PMID- 6555526 TI - [Complications of subclavian vein catheterization]. PMID- 6555527 TI - [Technic of performing injections]. PMID- 6555528 TI - [Tick in the umbilical area]. PMID- 6555529 TI - [Regulation on the nurses' council in a therapeutic and prophylactic institution]. PMID- 6555530 TI - [Therapeutic properties of propolis]. PMID- 6555532 TI - [Prevention of myopia]. PMID- 6555531 TI - [Consultation on the consumption of apple vinegar]. PMID- 6555533 TI - [Treatment of myopia in children]. PMID- 6555534 TI - [Unhealthy vagrancy]. PMID- 6555535 TI - [Physical education of infants in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6555536 TI - [Differentiated assessment of low-birth-weight newborn infants at birth]. PMID- 6555537 TI - [Effect of the environment on the body of newborn infants]. PMID- 6555538 TI - [Feeding of premature newborn infants]. PMID- 6555539 TI - [Work of the intensive therapy department of a specialized hospital for premature infants]. PMID- 6555540 TI - [The glorious path]. PMID- 6555541 TI - [Sleep and health of young children]. PMID- 6555542 TI - [Control over the physical education of children in preschool institutions]. PMID- 6555543 TI - [Nutrition in preschool institutions]. PMID- 6555544 TI - [Role of physical education in protecting the health of school children]. PMID- 6555545 TI - [Incidence of allergic diseases in children]. PMID- 6555546 TI - [Allergic rhinosinusitis]. PMID- 6555547 TI - [This is in your power, women! (a text for discussion)]. PMID- 6555548 TI - [Meningococcal infection in children]. PMID- 6555549 TI - [International activities of the Soviet Red Cross (on the 60th anniversary of the Union of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies of the USSR)]. PMID- 6555550 TI - [The nurse and the patient]. PMID- 6555551 TI - [Deontology in the dermatology and venereology department]. PMID- 6555552 TI - [Female hygiene after labor]. PMID- 6555553 TI - [Typical form of gonadal dysgenesis (etiology, clinical aspects, treatment)]. PMID- 6555554 TI - [Current concepts of the regulation of the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6555555 TI - [Dysfunctional uterine hemorrhages]. PMID- 6555556 TI - [Ovarian cachexia syndrome]. PMID- 6555557 TI - [Genital injuries in girls]. PMID- 6555558 TI - [Work of the nurse in preschool institutions]. PMID- 6555559 TI - [Organization of obstetrical and gynecological care in a rural locality]. PMID- 6555560 TI - [System of management organization of the activities of paramedical personnel]. PMID- 6555561 TI - [Head nurse (midwife) of a maternity home]. PMID- 6555562 TI - [Advice for puerperae]. PMID- 6555563 TI - [Kidneys and pregnancy]. PMID- 6555564 TI - Hepatitis problems in the pregnant and nursing mother and the newborn. PMID- 6555565 TI - A survey on tears and episiotomies of the perineum. PMID- 6555566 TI - Aid to re-establish the role of the midwife. PMID- 6555567 TI - Free speech! The sexuality of childbirth. PMID- 6555568 TI - The midwife and ultrasound. PMID- 6555569 TI - The role of the midwife in family planning. PMID- 6555571 TI - Increasing nurse satisfaction: Mississippi Methodist Hospital and Rehabilitation Center. PMID- 6555570 TI - Plasmid-mediated resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6555572 TI - Review of the literature - the next step. PMID- 6555573 TI - ANA analysis of IOM study. PMID- 6555575 TI - An English nurse's impressions of operating theatre nursing in the State of Iowa, USA. PMID- 6555574 TI - A study into the incidence of sickness in theatre departments. PMID- 6555576 TI - Designing a new electrosurgical patient plate. PMID- 6555577 TI - How can nurses be attracted to theatre work? Why did I choose theatre nursing and did I achieve my goals? PMID- 6555578 TI - Theatre nurses on call. PMID- 6555580 TI - "Theatre nursing as a profession". PMID- 6555579 TI - Adhesions: a widespread surgical problem. PMID- 6555581 TI - The Strykart: a closed transport and handling system for surgical operations. PMID- 6555582 TI - China: a personal report. PMID- 6555583 TI - Letting doc off the hook. PMID- 6555584 TI - Nephrology nutrition notes: on zinc. PMID- 6555585 TI - A decrease in peritonitis with CCPD: one unit's experience. PMID- 6555586 TI - The development of a universal transient dialysis form. PMID- 6555587 TI - Patient apathy and staff burnout--fighting back. PMID- 6555588 TI - Primary nursing is the key to success in an outpatient CAPD teaching program. PMID- 6555589 TI - An overview of research on aging and the status of gerontology today. PMID- 6555590 TI - The compression of morbidity. PMID- 6555591 TI - Work ability of the aged under conditions of improving mortality. PMID- 6555592 TI - Social security: the social construction of a crisis. PMID- 6555593 TI - Conflict, crisis, and the future of old age security. PMID- 6555594 TI - The elderly: an international policy perspective. PMID- 6555595 TI - Justice between age groups: am I my parents' keeper? PMID- 6555596 TI - New insights taking action. PMID- 6555597 TI - I.V. rules and regulations in Washington. PMID- 6555598 TI - The interstitial (third-space) phenomenon. PMID- 6555599 TI - Intravenous administration of medications to the pediatric patient. PMID- 6555600 TI - Current uses of autotransfusion in surgery. PMID- 6555601 TI - Clinical product evaluation and proposal justification in product selection. PMID- 6555602 TI - Current concepts in the care of central line catheters. PMID- 6555603 TI - Intravenous therapy and the law. PMID- 6555604 TI - Principles and practices of cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6555605 TI - Antineoplastic agents. Management of health risks for the I.V. nurse. PMID- 6555606 TI - Typing a blood transfusion reaction. Is it hemolytic or nonhemolytic? PMID- 6555607 TI - Recertification for nurses practicing I.V. therapy. PMID- 6555608 TI - Home care utilizing silastic catheters. PMID- 6555609 TI - Peripherally inserted central venous catheterization by I.V. nurses. Establishing a precedent. PMID- 6555611 TI - The subclavian vein: a new approach for renal dialysis. PMID- 6555610 TI - Multiple intravenous solutions delivered via the manifold system. PMID- 6555612 TI - 3-North: a game for teaching concepts of patient care. PMID- 6555613 TI - A model for politically astute planning and decision making. PMID- 6555614 TI - A workable in-depth curriculum evaluation plan. PMID- 6555615 TI - The Glasgow Coma Scale: how do you rate? PMID- 6555616 TI - Developing head nurses: one hospital's solution. PMID- 6555618 TI - Structure and function of the eye. PMID- 6555617 TI - Doing the right thing: nurses' ability to make clinical decisions. PMID- 6555619 TI - Nursing management of eye injuries. PMID- 6555620 TI - Squint. PMID- 6555621 TI - Common presentations in accident and emergency. PMID- 6555622 TI - Ophthalmic problems in general nursing. PMID- 6555623 TI - Cataracts. PMID- 6555624 TI - Blindness. PMID- 6555625 TI - RN staffing: more care--less cost. PMID- 6555626 TI - Decision power belongs in the unit--not over it. PMID- 6555628 TI - Communication: the anatomy of messages. PMID- 6555627 TI - A job satisfaction profile: psychiatric nursing aides. PMID- 6555629 TI - Practical management course. Module 4: nurse/physician relationships: part II. Managing the problem relationship (continuing education). PMID- 6555630 TI - You and your will. PMID- 6555631 TI - Flexi-hour nurses. PMID- 6555632 TI - Art and science of management: enmeshed in details. PMID- 6555633 TI - Better management skills=less burnout cycles. PMID- 6555634 TI - What nursing must do for itself. PMID- 6555635 TI - Counselling of fathers during a pregnancy. PMID- 6555636 TI - Who controls the purse strings? PMID- 6555637 TI - No smoking--still not a sign of the times at work. PMID- 6555638 TI - Who makes the decisions about health and safety? PMID- 6555639 TI - Working with children of alcoholics. PMID- 6555640 TI - Cephalosporins: a brief overview of three generations. PMID- 6555641 TI - PNP/A education of the '80s. PMID- 6555642 TI - Physiologic mechanisms in childhood hypoglycemia. PMID- 6555643 TI - Lice: ancient pest with new resistance. PMID- 6555644 TI - The dying infant: aiding parents in the detachment process. PMID- 6555645 TI - Infant health and breast-feeding. PMID- 6555646 TI - Preventing burnout in intensive care nurseries. PMID- 6555647 TI - The appropriations process in Congress. PMID- 6555648 TI - Practice management: keep the bottom line on top. PMID- 6555649 TI - National League for Nursing 1983-1985 biennium. Goals. Resolutions. PMID- 6555650 TI - Perspectives in nursing--1983-1985. PMID- 6555651 TI - Positioning the community health agency for success. PMID- 6555652 TI - Bylaws: an expression of self-governance. PMID- 6555653 TI - New directions in nursing management. PMID- 6555654 TI - How to develop a work stoppage contingency plan. PMID- 6555655 TI - Educational mobility: from concept to reality. PMID- 6555656 TI - The future in master's and doctoral education in nursing. PMID- 6555657 TI - Competencies of graduates of nursing programs: readdressed and reaffirmed. PMID- 6555658 TI - Nursing and nursing education: Review of the Institute of Medicine. Study recommendations. PMID- 6555659 TI - The computer's place in health care. PMID- 6555660 TI - Nursing history: route to professional identity. PMID- 6555661 TI - A perspective. By the Perspectives Committee to the NLN membership. PMID- 6555662 TI - Nursing history in the undergraduate curriculum. PMID- 6555663 TI - History in graduate teaching. PMID- 6555664 TI - Integration of nursing history into the nursing curriculum. PMID- 6555665 TI - Preparation in historiography in nursing research. PMID- 6555666 TI - Strategies for teaching the history of nursing. PMID- 6555667 TI - Professionalism in nursing: a bottom-up strategy for generating public recognition. PMID- 6555669 TI - Applying a marketing orientation to health care. PMID- 6555668 TI - Developing a marketing orientation: key to success. PMID- 6555670 TI - [Conceptual models]. PMID- 6555671 TI - An explanatory study of social withdrawal experiences of adults. PMID- 6555673 TI - A conceptualization of concept. PMID- 6555672 TI - Factors associated with career choice of university women in medicine and nursing. PMID- 6555674 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 8. Primary health care in the Gorbals. PMID- 6555675 TI - Primary health care in the Gorbals. Solvent abuse. PMID- 6555676 TI - Dreaming of a beautiful handover. PMID- 6555677 TI - Nursing care study: toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6555678 TI - Pack up your troubles. PMID- 6555679 TI - Nursing care study: a staging laparotomy. PMID- 6555681 TI - Non-reciprocating recipients. PMID- 6555680 TI - Education: first impressions. PMID- 6555682 TI - Law: whose life is it anyway? PMID- 6555683 TI - Education in Wales. 2. Back to college. PMID- 6555684 TI - Further education. PMID- 6555685 TI - Bowing out gracefully. PMID- 6555686 TI - The art of not knowing best. Burford: a model for nursing. PMID- 6555687 TI - Equipped for the job. 1. Mobile hoists. PMID- 6555688 TI - The infection-prone child. 3. Evaluation. PMID- 6555689 TI - Nursing care study: neonatal asphyxia. PMID- 6555690 TI - Micro-teaching in nurse training. PMID- 6555691 TI - Occupational values of senior nurses. PMID- 6555693 TI - The challenge of nursing old people. PMID- 6555692 TI - Owls and nightingales. PMID- 6555694 TI - Words fail me. PMID- 6555696 TI - Nursing examinations. PMID- 6555695 TI - Short-span time out. PMID- 6555697 TI - Through my eyes only. PMID- 6555698 TI - Crisis in sick children's nursing. PMID- 6555699 TI - A luxury we cannot afford? PMID- 6555700 TI - Bowel preparation for surgery. PMID- 6555701 TI - The impact of post-basic clinical education. PMID- 6555702 TI - Twins in the family. PMID- 6555703 TI - Equipped for the job. 2. Cutting the cost of catheter infections. PMID- 6555704 TI - The infection-prone child. 4. Education and discipline. PMID- 6555705 TI - A case of professional neglect. PMID- 6555706 TI - Nursing process--tool or rule? PMID- 6555707 TI - The beginning of a new era? Pay review body. PMID- 6555708 TI - TV in the theatre. PMID- 6555709 TI - Scilly Isles survivor. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6555710 TI - Computers-1. Communication and record-keeping. PMID- 6555711 TI - Computers-1. Planning patient care with the Exeter system. PMID- 6555712 TI - Computers-1. Home computer. PMID- 6555713 TI - The importance of careful evaluation. PMID- 6555714 TI - The evaluation of nursing education today. PMID- 6555715 TI - Course evaluation and curriculum development. PMID- 6555716 TI - Systems of life No. 104. Setting up the systems--4. Mutations. PMID- 6555717 TI - Industrial accident: 1. Blindness following a fall at work. PMID- 6555718 TI - Open day in a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 6555719 TI - A world of kindness. PMID- 6555720 TI - Equipped for the job. 6. Opportunities to influence product design. PMID- 6555721 TI - Taking temperatures. PMID- 6555722 TI - The concept of exercise. PMID- 6555723 TI - What future for SENs? PMID- 6555724 TI - A message from Poland. PMID- 6555726 TI - QUALPACS--the second visit. Burford: a model for nursing. PMID- 6555725 TI - Nursing care study: a lower limb amputee. PMID- 6555727 TI - Continuing education. PMID- 6555728 TI - A communication problem. PMID- 6555729 TI - Me and my ward: working together. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6555730 TI - Computers. 2. Computers in the curriculum. PMID- 6555731 TI - Creating a ward learning environment: the sister's role--1. PMID- 6555732 TI - Putting their best feet forward. PMID- 6555733 TI - Incontinence: helping people with mental handicap. PMID- 6555734 TI - Incontinence: a comparison of 10 urinary drainage bags. PMID- 6555735 TI - Faecal incontinence. PMID- 6555736 TI - Equipped for the job. 7. Defects in equipment and supplies. PMID- 6555737 TI - Equipped for the job. 8. Making an informed choice. PMID- 6555738 TI - A world of kindness: a patient's view. PMID- 6555739 TI - Hello tutor--goodbye? PMID- 6555740 TI - The making of a history man. Interview by Jane Salvage. PMID- 6555741 TI - Why we are worried about the process. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6555743 TI - Health education: their health in our hands? PMID- 6555742 TI - Health education: community health--exercise and injury risk. PMID- 6555744 TI - Diary of a stroke victim. PMID- 6555745 TI - Staff morale. PMID- 6555746 TI - Creating a ward learning environment: the sister's role. 2. PMID- 6555748 TI - Plasmapheresis and exchange. PMID- 6555747 TI - PINC: with angels in mind. PMID- 6555749 TI - What would you do? The Boxing Day incident. PMID- 6555750 TI - Jessica's birth. PMID- 6555751 TI - Monitoring hypertension. PMID- 6555752 TI - Language abuse. PMID- 6555753 TI - The 'gypsy' who found her home at Rampton. Interview by Jill Nicholls. PMID- 6555754 TI - Jobwatch: where the axe will fall. PMID- 6555755 TI - Radiation from VDUs. PMID- 6555756 TI - Married women in nursing. PMID- 6555757 TI - Focus on diabetes. Diabetes computerised. PMID- 6555758 TI - Focus on diabetes. What should diabetics be eating? PMID- 6555759 TI - Focus on diabetes. 'I have got diabetes, too'. PMID- 6555760 TI - Teaching and learning to communicate. PMID- 6555761 TI - Systems of life No 105. Setting up the systems-5. Diseases with a recessive pattern of inheritance. PMID- 6555762 TI - Freedom for the handicapped. PMID- 6555764 TI - Accountability in nursing. 2. The practitioner's view. PMID- 6555763 TI - Accountability in nursing: alternative perspectives. PMID- 6555765 TI - Toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6555766 TI - The nursing officer's tale. PMID- 6555767 TI - Underneath the haloes. PMID- 6555768 TI - On the track of a killer. PMID- 6555769 TI - The lateral approach. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6555770 TI - The needs of the mentally handicapped. PMID- 6555771 TI - Nursing care study: malignant melanoma. PMID- 6555772 TI - Mental health nursing. PMID- 6555773 TI - Mental health nursing: the scope for prevention. PMID- 6555774 TI - Mental health nursing: nurses and the Mental Health Act. PMID- 6555775 TI - Mental health nursing: a 'hospital-hostel'. PMID- 6555776 TI - The health visitor and child assessment. 1. Improving the balance. PMID- 6555777 TI - Experimental care for the elderly. PMID- 6555779 TI - Accountability in nursing. 4. Competent operators or educated practitioners? PMID- 6555778 TI - Accountability in nursing. 3. The story so far. PMID- 6555780 TI - Accountability in nursing. 5. The professional orchestra. PMID- 6555781 TI - From rags to riches. PMID- 6555782 TI - A sense of harmony. PMID- 6555783 TI - The nurse-patient relationship. PMID- 6555785 TI - National health policy. Issued by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 1982. PMID- 6555784 TI - Traditional birth attendants. PMID- 6555786 TI - The Nursing Journal of India: a study in content analysis: 1971-80. PMID- 6555787 TI - Higher education for nurses. PMID- 6555788 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 8. Stoma care: towards a health body image. PMID- 6555789 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 8. Stoma care: will I have to wear braces? PMID- 6555790 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 8. Stoma care: outside the family circle. PMID- 6555792 TI - The liver. PMID- 6555791 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 8. Stoma care: a day in the life of. PMID- 6555793 TI - War games. PMID- 6555794 TI - Education: who needs torn linen? PMID- 6555795 TI - Management: a secure unit is born. PMID- 6555796 TI - Power with people. PMID- 6555798 TI - The river of life. PMID- 6555797 TI - Education: the X-Y syndrome. PMID- 6555799 TI - Psychiatry: brief therapy. PMID- 6555800 TI - Nursing care study: Zellweger's syndrome. PMID- 6555801 TI - Drugs and the elderly. PMID- 6555803 TI - NATN Supplement. An unforgettable experience? PMID- 6555802 TI - Nurses in journalism. PMID- 6555804 TI - NATN Supplement. The complete story. PMID- 6555805 TI - NATN Supplement. Theatre nursing. PMID- 6555806 TI - NATN Supplement. Credit given where credit due. PMID- 6555807 TI - NATN Supplement. In and out in a day. PMID- 6555808 TI - Confusion over eviction law and government rebates. PMID- 6555809 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6555810 TI - Community: visiting can be stressful, too. PMID- 6555811 TI - Getting to the truth about nursing. PMID- 6555812 TI - Education. 2. Are multiple choice examinations fair? PMID- 6555813 TI - Catheters in suspense. PMID- 6555814 TI - The thirty years war. PMID- 6555815 TI - Psychiatry. 1. Powers of detention. PMID- 6555816 TI - Iveson's opinion: on tap. PMID- 6555817 TI - Nursing care study: excitement on the ward. PMID- 6555819 TI - Focus on the elderly: network of support. PMID- 6555818 TI - Health visiting. PMID- 6555820 TI - Focus on the elderly: communication problems. PMID- 6555821 TI - In the middle ages. PMID- 6555822 TI - Focus on the elderly: empathy for another era. PMID- 6555823 TI - Homes fit for nurses. Better safe than sorry. PMID- 6555824 TI - Combined roles: manage and educate. PMID- 6555825 TI - Patient's page: the joys of an air-ring. PMID- 6555826 TI - Make a bigger effort to care. PMID- 6555827 TI - Learners' page: take it or leave it. PMID- 6555828 TI - Diary of a DN - 4. Hops, horses and home hunting. PMID- 6555829 TI - Education in Wales - 1: this year's module. PMID- 6555830 TI - Nursing policies - 4: patients in isolation. PMID- 6555831 TI - Research: find your resource. PMID- 6555832 TI - Infection control: how fresh is your air? PMID- 6555833 TI - Reorganisation: implications for the future. PMID- 6555834 TI - Education: youngsters on 'the machine'. PMID- 6555835 TI - Nurses in society: break the taboo. PMID- 6555836 TI - Nursing care study: adrenalectomy. PMID- 6555837 TI - Careers: behaviour modification. PMID- 6555838 TI - Surgical accidents and nurse defendants. PMID- 6555839 TI - Nursing misconduct: illegal drug possession. Case in point: Arthur v. D.C. Nurses' Examining Board (459 A. 2d 141-DC). PMID- 6555840 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. LA: ICU: delay in calling M.D.; liability. LA: $570,000: drug co. failed to warn. PMID- 6555841 TI - Death and narcotics: suspicious circumstances. Case in point: Ducosin v. Mott (642 P. 2d 1168 -OR). PMID- 6555842 TI - Surgical consent: R.N. responsibilities. PMID- 6555843 TI - R.N. license reciprocity: effect of license loss. Case in point: Shoenhair, R.N. v. Commonwealth of PA (450 A 2d 877 - PA.). PMID- 6555844 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. N.Y.: ICU bedfall; nurses warned. LA.: radiology accident; hospital liable. PMID- 6555845 TI - Nursing education and students' rights: legalities. Case in point: Jones v. Bd. of Governors (704 F. 2d 713 - N.C.). PMID- 6555846 TI - Nurses' complaints: "going public" is risky. PMID- 6555847 TI - Student Nurses: catalog and curriculum. Case in point: Univ. of Texas v. Babb (646 S.W. 2d 502). PMID- 6555848 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. MI: epileptic injured in E.R.: no liability. NC: drug administration: technique errors. PMID- 6555849 TI - Nurse administrators: unprofessional conduct. Case in point: Ark. State Bd. of Nursing v. Long (651 S.W. 2d 109 - ARK.). PMID- 6555850 TI - [Arterial hypertension. Physiopathologic approach by means of the renin angiotensin-aldosterone and kallikrein-kinin-prostaglandin systems]. PMID- 6555851 TI - Nurse alert goes out to combat cuts. PMID- 6555852 TI - Information pack for new nurse researchers. PMID- 6555853 TI - We're drifting back into giving custodial, institutional care. PMID- 6555854 TI - Teachers to back better homes bid. PMID- 6555855 TI - Nurses' national dress could be death trap. Uniforms fire risk warning. PMID- 6555856 TI - Sick nurses can feel abandoned by colleagues. PMID- 6555857 TI - Flammability risks draw nation-wide concern. Top level probe into uniform safety. PMID- 6555858 TI - Health man-power axe blunted by confusion over figures. PMID- 6555859 TI - NHS cutbacks 'will continue'. Efficiency savings could be doubled. PMID- 6555860 TI - The elderly in the community. PMID- 6555861 TI - Guidance on AIDS in bid to quell fears. PMID- 6555862 TI - 'Stop killing the NHS'. PMID- 6555863 TI - New breed of nursing in the US. PMID- 6555864 TI - College warns nation of crisis faced by NHS. PMID- 6555865 TI - Unanimous determination to fight cuts in the NHS. PMID- 6555866 TI - Nurses' nuclear doomsday document. PMID- 6555867 TI - Protest in a 'calm, sensible but firm manner' about cuts. PMID- 6555868 TI - Examining approaches to care of the terminally ill. PMID- 6555869 TI - In the wake of the holocaust. PMID- 6555870 TI - The anatomy of a profession. PMID- 6555871 TI - Development of a comprehensive nursing history and physical assessment program in a rehabilitation setting. PMID- 6555872 TI - Facilitating the patient's entry into the rehabilitation setting. PMID- 6555873 TI - A discharge planning protocol conceptualized by a clinical nurse specialist. PMID- 6555874 TI - Rehabilitative care and education. Practical guidelines for preparing patients to function at home. PMID- 6555875 TI - [Surgery of the vitreous in 1983]. PMID- 6555876 TI - [Surgery for retinal detachment in 1983]. PMID- 6555877 TI - [Surgery and glaucoma in 1983]. PMID- 6555878 TI - [Surgery of the excreting lacrymal ducts]. PMID- 6555879 TI - [Ophthalmology glossary]. PMID- 6555880 TI - [Microsurgery for cataracts. Role of artificial crystalline lenses]. PMID- 6555881 TI - [Place and problems of anesthesia and recovery in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6555882 TI - [The nurse in the ophthalmologic operating room]. PMID- 6555884 TI - [Lasers in the treatment of retinal disorders]. PMID- 6555883 TI - [Drug therapy in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6555885 TI - [Argon laser in acute glaucoma. Prevention and treatment]. PMID- 6555886 TI - [Argon laser in the treatment of chronic glaucoma. Trabeculoretraction]. PMID- 6555887 TI - [Costs and advantages of non-woven disposable textiles compared to traditional reusable textiles in surgical practice]. PMID- 6555888 TI - [Surgery for strabismus in 1983]. PMID- 6555889 TI - [Communication in nursing. Communication in public health nursing]. PMID- 6555891 TI - [Communication in pediatric nursing]. PMID- 6555890 TI - [Therapeutic communication]. PMID- 6555892 TI - [Nurses and communication]. PMID- 6555893 TI - [Nursing curriculum. Philosophy, conceptual framework, structural framework and teaching strategy]. PMID- 6555894 TI - [Care of the terminal cancer patient: work of the psychiatrist]. PMID- 6555895 TI - [2 x 2 x 2 tables and the relative risk in a nursing problem]. PMID- 6555896 TI - [Methods of intestinal cleansing compared by sequential analysis]. PMID- 6555897 TI - [Study of the working conditions of the nurse]. PMID- 6555898 TI - Editing mRNA precursors. PMID- 6555899 TI - [Importance of the health care team in the control of overload syndromes]. PMID- 6555900 TI - [Dietetic consultation]. PMID- 6555901 TI - [Indispensable concepts for the understanding of calories and a balanced diet]. PMID- 6555902 TI - [Metabolic overload and cardiovascular prevention. Action of a group of student nurses with a patient and his family]. PMID- 6555903 TI - [Alcohol excess, major overload factor]. PMID- 6555904 TI - [Care of the metabolic patient by the health care team. Conclusions]. PMID- 6555905 TI - [Care of the metabolic patient by the health care team. Glossary]. PMID- 6555906 TI - [A regional experience in preventive and therapeutic action for alcoholism]. PMID- 6555907 TI - [Profile of the metabolic patient and concept of prevention]. PMID- 6555908 TI - [The problem of biologic testing in metabolic overload]. PMID- 6555910 TI - [Embolization of the hepatic artery]. PMID- 6555911 TI - [Preparation and monitoring of the patient undergoing hepatic artery embolization]. PMID- 6555909 TI - [Vaccination against hepatitis B, in 1983, in France]. PMID- 6555912 TI - [Prevention and treatment of hepatitis B]. PMID- 6555913 TI - [What is the status of research in hepatology? Discoveries in the last 10 years]. PMID- 6555914 TI - [Helping to live]. PMID- 6555915 TI - [Professional risk of viral hepatitis in the medical environment. Management of accidental punctures]. PMID- 6555916 TI - [Psychological and psychiatric aspect of suicide]. PMID- 6555917 TI - [Suicide and attempted suicide in adolescents]. PMID- 6555918 TI - [Suicide and transplantation]. PMID- 6555919 TI - [Epidemiology of suicide]. PMID- 6555920 TI - [Prevention of suicide]. PMID- 6555921 TI - [Approaching the suicide patient in a toxicologic resuscitation center]. PMID- 6555923 TI - [Is suicide an important problem in geriatrics?]. PMID- 6555922 TI - [Serious physical disorders after attempted suicide]. PMID- 6555924 TI - [Work in dressmaking shops and passage to the act of suicide]. PMID- 6555925 TI - [International congress on suicide; "Depression and suicide"]. PMID- 6555926 TI - [SOS Friendship. A gap in solitude]. PMID- 6555927 TI - [The Phoenix association: a receiving area after attempted suicide]. PMID- 6555928 TI - [Myocardiopathy and endomyocardial fibrosis]. PMID- 6555929 TI - [Monitoring anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6555930 TI - [A French nurse in a hospital in Mali]. PMID- 6555931 TI - [General aspects of cardiology in tropical countries]. PMID- 6555932 TI - [Arterial hypertension in Africa]. PMID- 6555933 TI - [Children of divorce. 3. The child faced with divorce: where lies his interest?]. PMID- 6555934 TI - [Children of divorce. 4. Children who are displaced or illegally detained abroad]. PMID- 6555935 TI - [Care of the children of divorce]. PMID- 6555936 TI - [In the name of the child, or the child at stake]. PMID- 6555937 TI - [Entanglement]. PMID- 6555938 TI - [Children of divorce. 1. General evolution of divorce]. PMID- 6555939 TI - [The hunger of divorce or divorce without end]. PMID- 6555940 TI - [Aid to ruptured family systems]. PMID- 6555941 TI - [Children of divorce. 2. The conflict between parents for custody rights]. PMID- 6555942 TI - [Ethics and attitude]. PMID- 6555943 TI - [One can count on the fact that colleagues need help]. PMID- 6555944 TI - [Psychology. What jealousy can mean for nurses]. PMID- 6555946 TI - [Education. All the time one works by oneself]. PMID- 6555945 TI - [Food services. All hospitals need a food committee]. PMID- 6555947 TI - [Prison nurses can provide prisoners with more bearable conditions]. PMID- 6555948 TI - [Ambulance system. We are badly in need of legislation on ambulances]. PMID- 6555949 TI - [Ambulance services present a dissimilar and motley picture]. PMID- 6555950 TI - [Ambulance system. Ambulance services can save many more human lives]. PMID- 6555951 TI - [Ambulance system. Considerable differences in the education of ambulance personnel]. PMID- 6555952 TI - [Drugs in the 3d World. Every profession has its share of responsibility]. PMID- 6555953 TI - [What content should education have in such case?]. PMID- 6555954 TI - [Nursing care. Crisis state has an effect on phantom pain]. PMID- 6555955 TI - [Ambulance system. Assens Hospital brought into a hostage situation by Falck's rescue corps]. PMID- 6555956 TI - [Ambulance system. Tow truck with one man first at traffic accidents]. PMID- 6555957 TI - [Pension fund. Ground for criticism of circumstances in pension assessment]. PMID- 6555958 TI - [Child health. Entire circle of persons around patient makes up a target group]. PMID- 6555959 TI - [Scandinavian and European meeting on nursing]. PMID- 6555960 TI - NOC, a group of nurses helping nurses. PMID- 6555961 TI - Another association between the properdin system (BF) and insulin-dependent diabetes in south India. PMID- 6555962 TI - [Integrated approach to the patient with rheumatism. You can support each other by talking. The story of a patient with rheumatism. Interview by Ans Bulten and Jaap Bakker]. PMID- 6555963 TI - [Multidisciplinary approach to the R.A. patient in the Jan van Breemen Institute]. PMID- 6555964 TI - [Keeping pace with time - of demented elderly]. PMID- 6555965 TI - [The need for an alternative psychiatric policy]. PMID- 6555966 TI - [Removing waste gas]. PMID- 6555967 TI - [Stomatitis]. PMID- 6555968 TI - [Possibilities and impossibilities of nursing research]. PMID- 6555969 TI - [The nursing assistant - the drudge of the nurse?]. PMID- 6555970 TI - [Parent participation against their will - are parents also allowed not to participate?]. PMID- 6555971 TI - [Emergency operation in services for the mentally retarded]. PMID- 6555972 TI - [Plasmapheresis - a modern method of bloodletting?]. PMID- 6555973 TI - [The emperor's new clothes or: why it is still necessary to fire nurses]. PMID- 6555974 TI - [The power of small things]. PMID- 6555975 TI - [Nurses and medical power I and II]. PMID- 6555976 TI - [Computers announce themselves in nursing]. PMID- 6555977 TI - [Can a school nurse work as a nurse in the school health service?]. PMID- 6555978 TI - [Pleasant and unpleasant patients]. PMID- 6555979 TI - [Nursing aspects concerning treatment with the intra-aortic balloon pump]. PMID- 6555980 TI - Wound infection: identifying the source. PMID- 6555981 TI - Teaching aseptic technique. PMID- 6555982 TI - The barriers to infection. PMID- 6555983 TI - Infection control: a moral issue. PMID- 6555984 TI - A new game show in the OR. PMID- 6555985 TI - Rehumanizing the nursing role: a question of love. PMID- 6555986 TI - Health, self-care and power: shifting the balance. PMID- 6555987 TI - Toward a nursing ethics program in an acute care setting. PMID- 6555988 TI - Individual clinical supervision: a strategy for professional growth. PMID- 6555989 TI - The creation and dissolution of paradoxes in nursing practice. PMID- 6555990 TI - The image of nursing research: issues and strategies. PMID- 6555991 TI - Cross-time and cross-situational comparisons of mother-preterm infant interactions. PMID- 6555992 TI - The effect of teaching on medication knowledge. PMID- 6555993 TI - Basic versus applied research: intrinsic and extrinsic considerations. PMID- 6555994 TI - Two statistical approaches to measure change. PMID- 6555995 TI - Social network support among low-income elderly: a two-factor model? PMID- 6555996 TI - Using research in practice: should staff nurses be expected to use research? PMID- 6555997 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research: involving students in faculty research. PMID- 6555998 TI - Problems in doing nursing research: interfacing qualitative and quantitative methods. PMID- 6555999 TI - Conference on pregnant women at work - June, 1983 London. PMID- 6556000 TI - 1983--the year of the Act. PMID- 6556001 TI - A patient speaks. "And how do you define quality patient care"? PMID- 6556002 TI - Population analysis of susceptibility to methicillin, vancomycin, and three cephalosporines in two methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - Population analyses of susceptibility to methicillin, vancomycin, cephalothin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin were carried out with two strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, and methicillin. Two strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), one sensitive to penicillin the other resistant, were used as controls. All strains were clinical isolates. From the strains of S. epidermidis it was possible to select sub populations highly resistant to methicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin. The mutation-rate varied between c. 10(-3) and 10(-7). The two strains were homogeneous as regards vancomycin susceptibility. Methicillin was shown to be more penicillinase-stable than the cephalosporines. Treatment in vivo, with cephalothin and vancomycin did not increase the frequency of highly resistant bacteria against any of the antibiotics, but during treatment with cephalothin the majority-population became eight times more resistant to vancomycin and may explain why the treatment in vivo was not successful. PMID- 6556003 TI - Anti-atherosclerotic action of elastase--with special reference to its effect on elastic fibres. AB - In order to determine the anti-atherosclerotic action of elastase, the aortas from four groups of rats--group N fed a normal diet, group D fed an atherogenic diet with vitamin D2, group N + Ela fed a normal diet with elastase, and group D + Ela fed an atherogenic diet and vitamin D2 with elastase--were studied histologically after 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of feeding. Group D displayed a remarkable atheromatous change, while the change was insignificant in group D + Ela. The histopathological findings in group D consisted of marked rarefaction, fat deposition, and atheroma in the subendothelial tissue and tunica intima; Van Gieson's staining revealed a conspicuous decrease in elastic fibres, and the remaining elastic fibres had such abnormalities as a tortuous course, bends, and fissures. For group D + Ela, on the other hand, there were few foam cells in the subendothelial tissue and tunica intima and much less marked rarefaction of interstice and fat deposition. Further, the arrangement of elastic fibres was only slightly disordered, and the decreases in elastic fibres and their fissures were moderate. In sharp contrast to group D. which showed marked calcium deposition, group D + Ela was found to have low calcium deposition. No macroscopic and histopathologic abnormalities were found in groups N and N + Ela. Elastase had an inhibitory effect on experimental atherosclerosis in the rat and also regulated the degradation and biosynthesis of elastin, which resulted in the regeneration of elastic fibres. PMID- 6556004 TI - Serious infections due to group G streptoccocci. Report of 15 cases with in vitro in vivo correlations. AB - Serious infections due to group G streptococci have been infrequently reported. Fifteen such cases are described. Endovascular infection, particularly endocarditis, and septic arthritis were the most common clinical syndromes observed. Despite exquisite in vitro sensitivity of group G streptococci to penicillin G, the in vivo clinical response was disappointing in six of nine patients with either endocarditis or septic arthritis. The group G streptococcal isolates from the patients in this study were uniformly sensitive to the inhibitory and killing action of penicillin G, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cephalothin, cefoxitin, and vancomycin. In contrast, clindamycin, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol had relatively poor bactericidal activity against these strains, including several "tolerant" strains. Timed-kill studies with penicillin G revealed impaired killing of group G streptococci at in vitro conditions of high inocula and stationary growth phases. This may partially explain the poor clinical responses in cases of group G streptococcal endocarditis. PMID- 6556005 TI - The risks of blowing the whistle. PMID- 6556006 TI - The pill: a closer look. PMID- 6556007 TI - Speaking up for nursing. PMID- 6556008 TI - The agitated aggressive patient. PMID- 6556009 TI - Acute cardiac tamponade. PMID- 6556010 TI - The child in the car. What every nurse should know about safety. PMID- 6556011 TI - Respite care in the home. PMID- 6556012 TI - Respite care in a state-owned hospital. PMID- 6556013 TI - Respite care in the nursing home unit of a veterans hospital. PMID- 6556014 TI - Breastfeeding the premature infant. PMID- 6556015 TI - Nursing's future: public policies, private actions. PMID- 6556016 TI - Soloing: breaking the news. PMID- 6556017 TI - War: a personal experience. PMID- 6556019 TI - The making of images: theoretical perspectives and implications for change--a sociological perspective. PMID- 6556018 TI - The complement system in pregnancy. AB - Maternal recognition of fetal antigens is well-documented. Antibodies directed against fetal antigens are the rule rather than the exception. Maternal antibodies seem to bind fetal antigens at the placental level and apparently activate the complement system even in normal pregnancy, yet multiple studies confirm an increase in C1q, C4, C3 and CH50 levels in pregnancy and an absence of complement activation. More sensitive assays and a broadened concept of the timing of crucial immunologic events may lead to a greater understanding of the importance of the complement system in pregnancy. PMID- 6556020 TI - Anatomy of the image of the nurse: dissonant and ideal models. PMID- 6556021 TI - The making of images: a psychological perspective. PMID- 6556022 TI - The making of images: a social psychological perspective on influencing image change. PMID- 6556023 TI - Images and audiences. PMID- 6556024 TI - Education for nursing practice in the context of the 1980s. National Task Force on Education for Nursing Practice. PMID- 6556025 TI - Baccalaureate education and the professionalization of nursing. PMID- 6556027 TI - The place of continuing education in an emerging system of education for nursing practice. PMID- 6556026 TI - Nursing education trends: an analysis of the supply and preparation of nursing personnel. PMID- 6556028 TI - Current problems in the recognition and management of patients with tuberculosis in a general hospital. AB - Our series of 62 patients points out several features in the current management of tuberculosis. First, if there is a high index of suspicion for tuberculosis, protection of other health care personnel can be achieved to a large degree. Second, it is imperative that results of positive cultures for M. tuberculosis be channeled through a centralized registry so that patients with positive cultures are not overlooked because of the delay in obtaining culture results and the lack of continuity of care in certain clinical settings. This will help ensure the appropriate treatment for patients and, through public health authorities, the initiation of contact screening. PMID- 6556029 TI - Guideline for prevention of surgical wound infections. PMID- 6556030 TI - Infection prevention in health care personnel. PMID- 6556032 TI - Task group proposed to plan for National Institute of Nursing. PMID- 6556031 TI - Frequency of in-service programs. PMID- 6556033 TI - Career variety, opportunity attract students to nursing. PMID- 6556034 TI - New nurses bring their skills - and something more. PMID- 6556035 TI - Working with people is satisfying for NSNA president. Interview by Terry L Selby. PMID- 6556036 TI - Eight notables offer advice to new nurses. PMID- 6556037 TI - Nurses holding new ND degree praise Ohio program. PMID- 6556038 TI - Demise of aseptic barrier committee: success and failure. PMID- 6556039 TI - Nursing issues--action or reaction? Leader or follower? PMID- 6556040 TI - Difficult physicians in the OR. PMID- 6556041 TI - Nurse-physician committee eases tension in OR. PMID- 6556042 TI - Invasive hemodynamic monitoring. PMID- 6556043 TI - Four experts talk about: reprocessing disposable items. PMID- 6556044 TI - Using computers in the OR. PMID- 6556045 TI - Nurses have power--but will they use it? PMID- 6556046 TI - Ambulatory surgery means business. PMID- 6556047 TI - The anatomy of a profession. PMID- 6556048 TI - Detergent-induced distinctions between fluoride- and vanadate-stimulated adenylate cyclases and their responses to guanine nucleotides. AB - The influence of detergents on fluoride- and vanadate-stimulated adenylate cyclases was investigated with enzyme from liver and adipocyte plasma membranes. Stimulation of the adipocyte cyclase by Na3VO4 was maximal (sixfold) at 3 mM, was not additive with fluoride stimulation, and was readily reversed by washing of the membranes. Vanadate stimulation of the hepatic cyclase was specifically blocked by catechol, which had no effect on basal activity or on fluoride- or glucagon-stimulated activities. The hepatic enzyme, stimulated by fluoride ion, guanyl-5'-yl-(beta,gamma-imino)diphosphate (GPP(NH)P), or GPP(NH)P and glucagon, was inhibited by vanadate with 50% inhibition seen with 2 to 6 mM vanadate. The fluoride-activated adipocyte adenylate cyclase was inhibited by guanosine 5'-O-(3 thio-triphosphate) (GTP gamma S) more potently than by GPP(NH)P, with 50% inhibition being seen with 10 nM GTP gamma S or 100 nM GPP(NH)P. These nucleotides also inhibited the vanadate-stimulated enzyme, but with one-third the potency seen with the fluoride-activated cyclase. Dispersion of the adipocyte cyclase by Lubrol-PX into a 30,000g supernatant fraction caused no change in activation of the enzyme by fluoride, but reduced vanadate-stimulated activity 80%. By comparison, this treatment enhanced stimulation by GPP(NH)P twofold and by GTP gamma S threefold. More importantly, perhaps, the treatment with detergent blocked inhibition of the basal enzyme by GTP, blocked inhibition of fluoride- and vanadate-stimulated cyclases by GTP, GPP(NH)P, or GTP gamma S, and rendered vanadate-stimulated activity sensitive to enhancement by guanine nucleotides. The data indicate differences in the actions of vanadate and fluoride, made evident by the influence of guanine nucleotides and detergent treatment. The observations would be consistent with the idea that the effects of vandate may be due to the formation of GDP X V on the enzyme. The data strongly suggest that treatment of adenylate cyclase with Lubrol-PX causes a functional blockade in the guanine nucleotide-dependent inhibitory regulation (mediated by Ni), thereby allowing activation by the stimulatory guanine nucleotide-dependent regulatory component (Ns). PMID- 6556049 TI - The nurse and the law: the persistent anomaly. PMID- 6556050 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse. Weight problems in children and adolescents. PMID- 6556051 TI - Penicillamine. PMID- 6556052 TI - Pressure area care - a problem-solving approach. PMID- 6556054 TI - St. John's develops a new midwifery program. PMID- 6556053 TI - A comparison of first and third year nursing students: role perception and expectations. PMID- 6556055 TI - The mental health nurse as therapist. PMID- 6556056 TI - Urinary incontinence and the older adult. PMID- 6556057 TI - Changing attitudes to health - an opinion. PMID- 6556058 TI - What is the current goal in rehabilitation nursing? PMID- 6556059 TI - The nurse and the law. Pit-falls! PMID- 6556060 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse: management of childhood obesity. PMID- 6556061 TI - Decubitus ulcers: a survey picture at two hospitals. PMID- 6556062 TI - Ousting Maslow from nursing. PMID- 6556063 TI - The nursing process--is it idol worship? PMID- 6556064 TI - A clinical plan for sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 6556065 TI - Preschool or no preschool. PMID- 6556066 TI - Hospice home care--a pilot project in W.A. PMID- 6556067 TI - The nurse--'Jack of all trades ... master of none'? PMID- 6556068 TI - Explanation of the nurse and her training: proposals for utilization of unique nursing skills in rehabilitation. PMID- 6556069 TI - Desmosine and isodesmosine contents and elastase activity in normal and cirrhotic rat liver. AB - The contents of desmosine and isodesmosine, the cross-linking amino acids of elastin, were increased 4-fold in rat liver with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis, which suggests that insoluble elastin accumulates in cirrhosis. Elastase activity in the cirrhotic liver, as determined with 3-carboxypropionyl-L alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine p-nitroanilide, was 17% less than in the normal liver; no change was found when Congo Red-elastin was used as a substrate. PMID- 6556070 TI - Increases in plasma kallikrein-like and pancreas kallikrein-like substances after administration of pancreas or plasma kallikrein. AB - Differences between the concentration of a kallikrein-like substance in blood obtained by the peptide-MCA method and that obtained by the TAME (N-tosyl-l arginine methyl ester) method by administering pancreas kallikrein to rabbits have been recognized already and the existence of a Substance X was evaluated. In the present study, it was revealed that administration of pancreas kallikrein resulted in inactivation of kallikrein in the substrate in gut homogenates and homogenates of various organs except for the pancreas. In the pancreas homogenate, inactivation was not observed. On the other hand, there was a possibility that at least part of Substance X existed due to plasma kallikrein. Thus, the concentration of plasma kallikrein in plasma after administration of pancreas kallikrein was determined. A pattern similar to the concentration curve of Substance X was obtained. Thus, it was clarified that plasma kallikrein-like substance, at least, increased when pancreas kallikrein was administered. On the contrary, when plasma kallikrein was administered to the rabbit duodenum, the concentration of pancreas kallikrein-like substance in plasma increased. It was also clarified that plasma kallikrein-like substance increased in vitro by adding pancreas kallikrein to the blood or plasma, whereas the in vitro addition of plasma kallikrein to the blood induced its decomposition and a slight increase in pancreas kallikrein-like substance, and the addition of plasma kallikrein to the plasma induced an increase in plasma kallikrein and a slight increase in pancreas kallikrein-like substance. PMID- 6556071 TI - Interaction of human plasma kallikrein and its light chain with C1 inhibitor. AB - The light chain of human plasma kallikrein contains the enzymatic active site. The inactivation of kallikrein and of its isolated light chain by C1 inhibitor was investigated to assess the functional contributions of the heavy-chain region of kallikrein and of high molecular weight kininogen to this reaction. The second order rate constants for the inactivation of kallikrein or its light chain were respectively 2.7 X 10(6) and 4.0 X 10(6) M -1 min -1. High molecular weight kininogen did not influence the rate of kallikrein inactivation. The nature of the complexes formed between kallikrein or its light chain and C1 inhibitor was studied by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gradient polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. Kallikrein as well as its light chain combined with C1 inhibitor to form stable stoichiometric complexes that were not dissociated by SDS and that exhibited apparent molecular weights (Mr's) of 185 000 and 135 000, respectively, on nonreduced SDS gels. Reduction of the kallikrein-C1 inhibitor complex gave a band at Mr 135 000 that comigrated with the complex seen for the light chain-C1 inhibitor complex. During the inactivation of both kallikrein and its light chain, a Mr 94 000 fragment of C1 inhibitor was formed which was unable to inactivate or bind kallikrein or its light chain. Kallikrein inactivated by diisopropyl phosphofluoridate did not form SDS-stable complexes with C1 inhibitor. These results demonstrate that the functional binding site for C1 inhibitor is localized in the light chain of kallikrein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6556072 TI - Egyptian law on the sequestration and confiscation of property acquired through smuggling and trafficking in drugs. AB - Drug control legislation in Egypt provides for the confiscation of objects and vehicles used in the commission of drug-related crime, and for these to be handed over for the use of the law-enforcement bodies if such objects and vehicles are considered essential to law enforcement. The legislation also provides for the sequestration of property illegally acquired through illicit drug traffic. PMID- 6556073 TI - The seizure and forfeiture of property associated with criminal activity. AB - Law enforcement agencies are increasingly beginning to recognize the usefulness of attacking groups engaged in organized crime through their assets. The growth and power of these criminal groups depend, to a large extent, on how effective they are in "'earning", securing and deploying the financial proceeds of their illegal activities. The mere imprisonment of members of a group and the adoption of restrictive measures against their property, which in many cases is the source of their power and influence, may simply result in the enterprise being run more or less effectively by surrogates or from prison. Such an operation is relatively sophisticated and is the type of activity that might be expected in illicit drug trafficking. Cautious criminals may attempt to put their illicit profits beyond the reach of the courts within the jurisdiction of which they commit their crimes. In such cases, the existence of provisions allowing the seizure, forfeiture and confiscation of property would be ineffective unless, on the one hand, such provisions could be enforced against equivalent property held within the jurisdiction of the courts or, on the other hand, some type of arrangement could be made with the country where the property may be found. Alternatively, in certain areas of criminal activity, countries may be prepared to take action against property and finances under their own jurisdiction which are derived from or related to the commission of crimes in another jurisdiction. This study recommends the enactment of legislation which would allow effective confiscatory action to be taken against property associated with criminal activity, and facilitate the seizure of property prior to a criminal trial and the forfeiture of property directly related to or involved in the crime. None of the present legislative models within the Commonwealth are wholly adequate. PMID- 6556074 TI - Forfeiture of proceeds of drug-related crimes: a British Commonwealth perspective. AB - The forfeiture of the proceeds of drug-related offences does not seem to have received much attention as yet from British Commonwealth countries. Whereas in some of these countries specific legislation exists in relation to forfeiture, in many other countries the act of forfeiture falls within the purview of general criminal law. Forfeiture presupposes enquiry and search, two procedures which involve integral aspects of present-day human rights law, and which seem to be impeded at almost every stage of the process concluding in forfeiture. Time and the procedure for execution of judgments seem to be two significant factors in the successful enforcement of forfeiture judgments. Unfortunately, given the present practice of maintaining inviolability of bank secrecy, effective enforcement of forfeiture judgments is not possible. Perhaps an international convention may offer some assistance in the successful implementation of a forfeiture judgment, especially where the ill-gotten gains have been transferred to a foreign jurisdiction. PMID- 6556075 TI - Forfeiture of illegally acquired assets of drug traffickers: the position in India. AB - Trafficking in drugs and other related crimes generates huge illicit funds which are used to support other criminal activity, corruption, illicit arms trading, the smuggling of goods and currency, and other economic offences. The traditional enforcement techniques aimed only at carriers and confiscation of the seized contraband no longer provide a sufficient deterrent. The problem is international in scope and requires close cooperation of all the agencies concerned. In 1976, India enacted specific legislation providing for the forfeiture of the property and assets of smugglers, including traffickers and foreign-exchange manipulators. This legislation, known as the "Smugglers and Foreign-Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Act, 1976", enables the enforcement authorities to confiscate all property, both movable and immovable, illegally acquired or accumulated, or for which investment is made from unlawful earnings resulting from smuggling and foreign exchange racketeering. It covers all such property held, not only in the names of smugglers and traffickers themselves, but their relatives and associates as well. The Act provides for principles of natural justice to be followed for all forfeiture proceedings and for appeals to a high tribunal. The legislation has enabled forfeiture action in 2,297 cases, covering properties valued at $US 40 million, during the last six years. PMID- 6556076 TI - Law enforcement and drug trafficking money: recent developments in Australian law and procedure. AB - The generation and movement of money is an essential element of illicit drug trafficking. Indeed, the interest of those who are often the most influential in this criminal activity is money. Society is increasingly regulated, and this regulation and the enormous sums of money illegal drug activities generate provide an opportunity to identify and follow monies forming part of the illegal drug trade. This will require the development of new investigative resources and laws. Such activities must be integrated and directed where most effective. As money and the accumulation of money, resources and assets underpin the groups of criminals who are engaged in the illegal drug trade, the most effective action against them will be achieved by destroying the financial basis of their activities. PMID- 6556077 TI - Illicit drugs on ships entering Hong Kong. AB - From 1974 to 1982 government authorities in Hong Kong seized 672 kilograms of illicit drugs in 721 seizures on board 254 vessels. As those vessels exceeded 250 gross tons, they were not subject to forfeiture under the Dangerous Drugs Ordinance (1935). Thus, an amendment to that Ordinance was adopted and came into force on 15 January 1983. It provides for the imposition of a maximum fine of $HK 5 million on the owners of ships exceeding 250 gross tons if such ships are found to have carried excessive quantities of illicit drugs on two occasions within a period of 18 months. The excessive quantity is defined as 3,000 grams of opium or cannabis and 500 grams of any other dangerous drug. Such ships may be forfeited to the Crown if the financial penalty is not paid. PMID- 6556078 TI - The profits of organized crime: the illicit drug trade in Canada. AB - Massive funds that are produced from street-level crime are laundered upwards into the criminal organizations for the benefit of their top-level members. The laundering systems used to distribute the proceeds of crime are designed to conceal the size of the organization as well as the identity of its members. Crime syndicates are attracted to criminal activity that produces the highest profits with the lowest risks. Although organized crime syndicates derive profits from a wide variety of criminal activity, their most sought after ventures principally involve the consensual type of crimes, such as drug trafficking, where no one individual can be readily identified as a legal victim for the purpose of recovering the proceeds of a criminal act. A recent survey indicated that illicit drug trafficking accounted for 87 per cent of the cash flow generated from organized crime. When the proceeds are disbursed, the criminals are free of the usual civil liability respecting the ownership of the proceeds. Canada currently has several laws which enhance the ability of law-enforcement authorities to trace the proceeds of crime and prosecute those who possess the assets. This legislation has some limitations with respect to seizure and forfeiture of certain types of proceeds. For example, forfeiture of the illegally acquired property is difficult when there is no original legal owner to initiate legal action, and even more difficult if the assets are located abroad. PMID- 6556079 TI - Committee on the forfeiture of assets in criminal offences of the Howard League of Penal Reform. AB - The profits of illicit drug trafficking have attracted world-wide attention. In 1980, a decision of the House of Lords in the United Kingdom ruled that the English criminal courts had no power to forfeit such profits even though earned by convicted defendants. This lacuna in the law aroused considerable criticism and the Howard League of Penal Reform established an independent committee to propose reforms. Its report will be published shortly. This article discusses some of the issues which the Committee faced, particularly the delicate balance between the interest of the State in ensuring that crime does not pay and a commitment to due process before financial punishments are imposed. PMID- 6556080 TI - Criminal prosecution of drug traffickers under the continuing criminal enterprise statute in federal courts of the United States of America. AB - The continuing criminal enterprise statute, 21 United States Code 848, which was enacted in 1970 to deal, inter alia, with suppression of illicit traffic in drugs, contains a mandatory minimum sentencing provision of not less than 10 years and up to life imprisonment following conviction. It also contains a provision to seek forfeiture of the profits obtained by the defendant from the criminal enterprise. When drug-trafficking organizations move their finances abroad, it becomes difficult to identify assets in order to seek forfeiture. Therefore, the successful prosecution of major drug traffickers, under this statute, requires the co-operation of the institutions concerned and of courts in other countries in order to obtain the necessary evidence. Such co-operation is facilitated by a bilateral mutual judicial assistance treaty, when it exists. PMID- 6556081 TI - UC sets guide on AIDS. PMID- 6556082 TI - Current AIDS epidemiology. PMID- 6556083 TI - AIDS: ethical duties of nurses. PMID- 6556084 TI - Equality and quality of care for older women. PMID- 6556085 TI - Bringing back graduate nurses via distance education. PMID- 6556086 TI - 75th anniversary. The road ahead. PMID- 6556087 TI - Visualization of the formation and transport of a specific hnRNP particle. AB - The growth and maturation of the transcription products on the Balbiani ring (BR) genes in Chironomus tentans has been characterized by electron microscopy. The BR transcript is packed into a series of well defined ribonucleoprotein structures of increasing complexity: a 10 nm fiber, a 19 nm fiber, a 26 nm fiber, and a 50 nm granule. The basic 10 nm element was revealed in Miller spreads. The in situ structure of the transcription products and RNA compaction estimates suggested that the 10 nm fiber is packed into the 19 nm fiber as a tight coil. The transition of the 19 nm fiber into the 26 nm fiber is accompanied by a major change of the basic 10 nm fold into a noncoiled structure. Finally, the 26 nm fiber makes a one and one-third left-handed turn forming the final product, the BR granule. Upon translocation through the nuclear pore the BR granule becomes rod-shaped, which most likely corresponds to a relaxation of the highest-order structure into a straight 26 nm fiber. PMID- 6556088 TI - [Nursing of infants with pneumonia]. PMID- 6556090 TI - [Nursing work development toward specialization]. PMID- 6556089 TI - [Diet of the elderly]. PMID- 6556091 TI - [What is "nursing process"]. PMID- 6556092 TI - [Experience in nursing process of 624 pediatric emergencies]. PMID- 6556093 TI - [Nursing of patients with stomatocace after chemotherapy for choriocarcinoma]. PMID- 6556094 TI - [Nursing psychology (1)]. PMID- 6556095 TI - [Some knowledge of clinical drug administration]. PMID- 6556096 TI - [To be a qualified nurse]. PMID- 6556097 TI - [Law of inertia movement in improving nursing work]. PMID- 6556098 TI - [Experience in setting up nursing records system]. PMID- 6556099 TI - [Nursing after lymphatico-venous anastomosis for the treatment of lymphedema]. PMID- 6556100 TI - [Patient care after auricular reconstruction with a tubed pedicle flap from the upper arm]. PMID- 6556101 TI - [Coordination in microsurgery]. PMID- 6556102 TI - [Patient care after bypass operation using LeVeen's tube between the abdominal cavity and the jugular vein]. PMID- 6556103 TI - [Care of patients with Dengue fever]. PMID- 6556105 TI - [Study on nursing theory of traditional Chinese medicine in "Shang-Han Lun"]. PMID- 6556104 TI - [Nursing of patients with pine caterpillars' disease]. PMID- 6556106 TI - [Experience in application of herbal powder]. PMID- 6556107 TI - [An emergency absorbent detoxifier using hemoperfusion with activated carbon]. PMID- 6556108 TI - [Local injection of angelica sinensis solution for the treatment of sclerosis and atrophic lichen of the vulva]. PMID- 6556110 TI - In defense of continuing education. PMID- 6556109 TI - [Behavior of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and urinary kallikrein in patients with ascitic hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6556111 TI - The GNP program at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center School of Nursing. PMID- 6556112 TI - Continuing education: when and why for you? PMID- 6556113 TI - Interpretation of a C.E. brochure. PMID- 6556114 TI - The nurse abuser - what we can do. PMID- 6556115 TI - Feedback from CNA on the nurse shortage question. PMID- 6556116 TI - Patients, nurses and the practice of the future. PMID- 6556117 TI - Non-traditional nursing roles: nursing in a "different" world. PMID- 6556118 TI - Nursing diagnosis in critical care. PMID- 6556119 TI - Pre-pregnancy care. PMID- 6556120 TI - Safety: wellie warning. PMID- 6556121 TI - Catheterising Mary. PMID- 6556122 TI - Be fit and healthy before you start a baby. PMID- 6556123 TI - Care study: each one so alone. PMID- 6556124 TI - Mental handicap: very special children. PMID- 6556125 TI - Severe chronic transplacental hemorrhage in a newborn. PMID- 6556126 TI - Microvascular surgical repair of severed limbs. PMID- 6556127 TI - Are you listening? Myocardial infarct. PMID- 6556128 TI - Clinical nursing record. PMID- 6556129 TI - EKG of the month: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 6556130 TI - Nursing rules--fact or myth? A nasal cannula guarantees a low oxygen concentration to the patient. PMID- 6556131 TI - Interpreting acid-base problems through arterial blood gases. PMID- 6556132 TI - Acute pericarditis and the electrocardiogram. PMID- 6556134 TI - Supporting families of critically ill patients. PMID- 6556133 TI - Nursing management in critical care units. The process of change. PMID- 6556135 TI - A touch in the dark. PMID- 6556136 TI - Preparing the patient for a MUGA study. PMID- 6556137 TI - Negligence--Part II. PMID- 6556138 TI - Neurological assessment of the infant and toddler. PMID- 6556139 TI - Pediatric neurological checklist. PMID- 6556140 TI - The Nurse Training Act. PMID- 6556141 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. PMID- 6556142 TI - Degradation of elastin in experimental elastase-induced emphysema measured by a radioimmunoassay for desmosine. AB - Experimental emphysema, produced by a single intratracheal injection of elastase in hamsters, progresses in severity over months. To investigate whether this progression is due to continuous elastolysis, we measured the urinary excretion of desmosine by radioimmunoassay (RIA) as a measure of elastin catabolism in vivo. Normal hamster excreted 1.6 microgram of desmosine, equivalent to a daily turnover of approximately 0.4 mg of elastin. During the first 24 hr after injection of 25 units of elastase, excretion of desmosine was increased threefold, rapidly returning to normal over several days. Desmosine excretion was normal after 6 days. Homogenates of lungs from elastase-injected hamsters were incubated in vitro, and the release of soluble desmosine was followed by RIA as a measure of the active elastase in the tissue. The method was sufficiently sensitive to detect 0.1 microgram of enzyme bound to elastin. Desmosine solubilized in vitro from lungs removed at intervals after elastase injection was 10-fold that of control at 1 hr and slightly elevated at 48 hr, but equaled control levels at 7 days. These results indicate that the late progression of elastase-induced emphysema is not accompanied by increased elastolysis. PMID- 6556143 TI - tRNA-like structures of plant viral RNAs: conformational requirements for adenylation and aminoacylation. AB - Bromo- and cucumovirus RNAs contain a tRNA-like structure as an integral part of their genome. This structure is located at the 3' end of the viral RNA and is an acceptor of tyrosine. The 3' regions of representative viral RNAs have been sequenced and quite unorthodox secondary foldings have been proposed for these 3' ends. The question therefore remained as to how these structures could be recognized by tRNA-specific enzymes. We have established the minimum number of nucleotides from the 3' end of the brome mosaic virus and broad bean mottle virus RNAs required for the formation of structures recognized by the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and/or the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase. The results obtained delineate the length of the tRNA-like region, and indicate that the 5' region of the tRNA like structure participates in the formation of the amino acid stem. This has led us to propose an 'L'-shaped secondary structure for these tRNA-like regions. PMID- 6556144 TI - Hageman factor-dependent pathways: mechanism of initiation and bradykinin formation. AB - The concentration of bradykinin in human plasma depends on its relative rates of formation and destruction. Bradykinin is destroyed by two enzymes: a plasma carboxypeptidase (anaphylatoxin inactivator) removes the COOH-terminal arginine to yield an inactive octapeptide, and a dipeptidase (identical to the angiotensin converting enzyme) removes the COOH-terminal Phe-Arg to yield a fragment of seven amino acids that is further fragmented to an end product of five amino acids. Formation of bradykinin is initiated on binding of Hageman factor (HF) to certain negatively charged surfaces on which it autoactivates by an autodigestion mechanism. Initiation appears to depend on a trace of intrinsic activity present in HF that is at most 1/4000 that of activated HF (HFa); alternatively traces of circulating HFa could subserve the same function. HFa then converts coagulation factor XI to activated factor XI (XIa) and prekallikrein to kallikrein. Kallikrein then digests high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMW-kininogen) to form bradykinin. Prekallikrein and factor XI circulate bound to HMW-kininogen and surface binding of these complexes is mediated via this kininogen. In the absence of HMW-kininogen, activation of prekallikrein and factor XI is much diminished; thus HMW-kininogen has a cofactor function in kinin formation and coagulation. Once a trace of kallikrein is generated, a positive feedback reaction occurs in which kallikrein rapidly activates HF. This is much faster than the HF autoactivation rate; thus most HFa is formed by a kallikrein-dependent mechanism. HMW-kininogen is also therefore a cofactor for HF activation, but its effect on HF activation is indirect because it occurs via kallikrein formation. HFa can be further digested by kallikrein to form an active fragment (HFf), which is not surface bound and acts in the fluid phase. The activity of HFf on factor XI is minimal, but it is a potent prekallikrein activator and can therefore perpetuate fluid phase bradykinin formation until it is inactivated by the C1 inhibitor. In the absence of C1 inhibitor (hereditary angioedema) HFf may also interact with C1 and activate it enzymatically. The resultant augmented bradykinin formation and complement activation may account for the pathogenesis of the swelling characteristic of hereditary angioedema and the serologic changes observed during acute attacks. PMID- 6556145 TI - [Premature birth rate, incidence of cesarean section and perinatal mortality between 1945 and 1980. An analysis of 55,000 births]. AB - 56,686 single births between 1945 and 1980 were evaluated in a retrospective study. The results reflect the change which has taken place in obstetrics. Perinatal mortality dropped in a straight line from 48.50/00 to 17.20/00. At the same time, the frequency of Caesarian section increased in non-linear progression from an initial value of 1.9% (1945-1949) to 14.0% (1975-1980). The rate of early births dropped in the first ten years only from 10.6% to 7.3%, followed by an approximately constant value up to 1969. From 1970 onwards, there is a rising tendency (6.7% to 7.7%) which was found in all weight categories. The share of early births in perinatal mortality dropped during the first years only, from 77% to 63%, and has since remained constant. If we compare the periods 1945 to 1959 and 1970 to 1980 with regard to indications for Caesarian section, assuming a birth weight of more than 2500 g, the indication of cessation of labour would rise from the 4th rank to the 1st position, whereas disproportion and asphyxia of the newborn continue to occupy the 2nd and 4th ranks, respectively, despite a relative increase. Meanwhile, the indication "condition after Caesarian section" now occupies the 3rd rank. In newborn weighing less than 2500 g, the prominent indications are early birth, asphyxia, desire to have a child and breech presentation, whereas emergency indications were previously the most important ones.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6556146 TI - [Fetal motor activity and acceleration in the cardiotocogram]. AB - The results of the concomitant monitoring of the fetal heart rate and the total fetal movement activity by two ultrasound monitors are reported. In 111 patients from 26 weeks gestation to term the cardiotocogram and the fetal movement activity were at the same time monitored with two ultrasound monitors. In total 453 fetal heart rate accelerations of more than 15 beats per minute and more than 15 seconds duration were found in all cardiotocograms. The most frequent finding with an acceleration of the fetal heart rate were fetal body movements with or without movements of the extremities in 71% of the fetal heart rate accelerations. In 18% of the fetal heart rate accelerations movements of the fetal extremities were found by ultrasonography. In 7% of the fetal heart rate accelerations, fetal respiratory movements or contractions were found without fetal body movements. 4% of the fetal heart rate accelerations occurred without sonographically or topographically recognizable cause. In all ultrasonographically recognized fetal movements of the body and/or the extremities the fetal heart rate accelerations occurred in 28% of the cases. The most frequent findings were movements of the fetal body with or without movements of the fetal extremities in 48% of the fetal heart rate accelerations. In isolated movements of the fetal extremeties the fetal heart rate was only accelerated in 11% of the cases. PMID- 6556147 TI - [Densitometry and fetal superficial cell count in the amniotic fluid for the determination of fetal lung maturity]. AB - It was shown that a spectrophotometric investigation of the amniotic fluid for the determination of fetal lung maturity can be achieved with a photometer of the wave length 644 nm (CD) and 623 nm (HG) in conjunction with a count of superficial cells. In a small number of investigations the combination of spectrophotometry and fetal cell count is a sufficiently accurate method to determine fetal lung maturity. PMID- 6556148 TI - [Breast feeding following hospital discharge]. AB - The pattern of nursing following discharge from the hospital was investigated in 491 patients during 1980. A mean total duration of nursing of 20.02 weeks and a mean complete duration of nursing of 11.3 weeks was found. Early nursing following delivery does not have as significant an influence on the intensity of nursing as the proportion of nursing during the post-partum stay in hospital. Mothers who nursed completely during their stay in hospital continued to nurse for a longer time (24.3 weeks) as women who added half formula during their stay in hospital (mean nursing time 10.8 weeks). Parity did not influence the duration of nursing. However mothers over age 30 nursed much longer than younger mothers. Also women with more education nursed longer than women with less education. The type of delivery did not have a remarkable influence on the intensity of nursing. Female infants were nursed longer than male infants. The attitude of the marital partner on nursing was important for the duration of nursing. Mothers with a partner displaying a positive attitude to nursing nursed significantly longer than mothers with partners who were indifferent or negative to nursing (comparative mean duration of nursing 20.2 weeks versus 14.2 weeks). The main reason for weaning was hypogalactia (44.2%). Women with this reason for weaning had a much shorter total duration of nursing than women in the control group. Women with their first babies more often had no counselling on nursing after discharge from the hospital than women who had several children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6556149 TI - [Conization and hysterectomy from the viewpoint of the surgically treated woman. Results of an inquiry among 814 conized and conized-hysterectomized women]. AB - 814 questionnaires of conized and conized-hysterectomized women were evaluated according to menstruation disorders, sexual behaviour, course of pregnancy, medical check-up, carcinophobia, mentality to the operation, pains caused by the operation, and changes of womanliness. 32 percent of the conized women (less than or equal to 45 years old) gave menstruation disorders, mostly hypermenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. Course of pregnancy was not influenced by the conization. Over 80 percent of the women (less than or equal to 45 and greater than 45 years old) said their sexual life were not changed by the conization, in difference to the conized-hysterectomized women: 56 percent (greater than 45 years old) and 69 percent (less than or equal to 45 years old). Half all women were more anxious to get cervical cancer after the conization. The conized women were significantly more to a medical check-up compare to conized-hysterectomized ones. Over 80 percent would like to repeat the conization before removing the uterus. Conized hysterectomized women felt significantly more less according to womanliness compare to conized ones. 51 percent (less than or equal to 45 years old) and only 35 percent (greater than 45 years old) said no side effects after hysterectomy. Mostly the women complained of pains of the bladder, menses-like mastodynia, and labile circulatory system. There was no significant difference according the answers about abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy with or without adnexectomy. PMID- 6556150 TI - [Results of follow-up examinations after reduction mammoplasty]. AB - 164 patients in whom reduction mammoplasty according to Strombeck had been performed, were followed up and questioned by means of a questionnaire as regards improvement of their preoperative complaints and their satisfaction with the success of the operation. 93% of the complaints were removed or at least alleviated. New complaints occurred in 16% of the women due to the visibility of the scars and scar pain. 51% of the women stated that the operation had been fully satisfactory, whereas 46% made some reservation and 3% were dissatisfied. The following complications were observed: 4 partial necroses of the mammillae, 2 haematomas, 2 wound infections, 2 fatty tissue necroses and 26 secondary sutures. The complications at the mammillae and the blood losses were found to correlate with the amount of resected weight. However, surgical experience was also an important factor, both as regards the complication rate and the cosmetic result, especially in cicatrisation and the shape and seat of the mammillae. On the whole, 69% of the results can be classified as "good", 30% as "satisfactory" and 1% as "poor". PMID- 6556151 TI - [Successful andrologic-gynecological treatment of sterility caused by an ejaculation disorder after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy]. AB - A disturbance of emission is a frequent cause of sterility after retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy performed in the treatment of a non-seminomatous carcinoma of the testes. This is the first report in literature on the successful treatment of disturbed emission with subsequent pregnancy. The treatment consisted of a bolus injection of 15 mg midodrin hydrochloride i.v., rinsing of the bladder with tyrode solution, accurate timing of ovulation via sonography, and homologous insemination. PMID- 6556152 TI - [Subcapsular hemotoma of the liver during the perinatal period]. AB - The data of the subcapsular liver haematomas of 59 deceased newborn were processed, and two clinically typical cases are discussed in detail in this article. Basing on references in literature, the incidence rate of this disease pattern, its pathology and clinical picture, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities, are described. PMID- 6556153 TI - [The duties of a consulting physician in acute life-threatening emergencies]. AB - A duty to provide immediate assistance exists also for those physicians who are not able to provide the necessary assistance themselves but who are capable to prepare the realization of the assistance or improve such realization. When a life threatening condition is found by a physician who only examines the patient it is his duty to contact immediately another physician who can more effectively deal with the emergency situation of the patient than himself. The necessary hospitalization can be prepared in this manner. If a colleague can not be contacted immediately it is sometimes necessary to inform the next of kin of the necessary immediate hospitalization even though this may interfere with the general rule of confidentiality even to the next of kin. PMID- 6556154 TI - Use of multidose vials. PMID- 6556156 TI - First International Symposium on Hospital-Acquired Infections. Proceedings. PMID- 6556155 TI - Protective garments in the bacteriology department. PMID- 6556157 TI - Hospital infections from the WHO perspective. PMID- 6556159 TI - Optimal design/personnel for control of intensive care unit infection. AB - Apart from the special mechanisms for spread of IV device and respiratory equipment-related infections, the mechanisms for spread of infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) are no different from other areas of the hospital. Control of transmission must emphasize the necessity of blocking the contact and airborne routes of spread. Hand disinfection with an alcoholic preparation and the use of patient-bound gowns for all direct patient contact are efficient measures against contact spread of infections. Airborne spread is best reduced by nursing patients in one-patient rooms with doors closed. A substantial part of the beds should be in such rooms. However, they are of little value if basic barrier nursing techniques are neglected. An ante-room to the one-patient room is practical for hand disinfection, gowning, etc., and if ventilated, offers added protection against airborne spread. Barriers against transmission of microorganisms must be created between patient rooms. Since basic barrier nursing techniques are the determining factors for infection control, the need for adequate numbers of well-trained and well-educated staff cannot be overestimated. PMID- 6556158 TI - Hospital-acquired infections in intensive care unit patients: an overview with emphasis on epidemics. AB - Surveillance activities for the detection of nosocomial infections at the University of Virginia Hospital (Charlottesville, Virginia) and at hospitals participating in the Virginia Statewide Infection Control Program have focused on outbreaks and device-related infections which are potentially preventable. Eleven outbreaks of nosocomial infections were identified at the University of Virginia Hospital between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 1982 (9.8 outbreaks/100,000 admissions). Ten of the 11 were centered in critical care units. The 269 patients involved in the epidemics represented 0.2% of all hospital admissions and 3.7% of all patients who developed nosocomial infections. Eight of the 11 outbreaks involved infection of the bloodstream, and the 90 patients who developed a bloodstream infection as part of an epidemic represented 8% of all patients with nosocomial bloodstream infections identified during the five-year study period. The reservoir of the 11 outbreaks involved devices (5), contaminated cocaine (1), probable blood products (1), other patients (3), and nursing personnel (1). Forty one percent of all nosocomial bloodstream infections and 41% of all nosocomial pneumonias occurred in intensive care units (ICUs). In 38 hospitals in the state of Virginia with ICUs and practitioners who voluntarily reported surveillance data between June 1, 1980 and May 31, 1982, there were 264,757 patients admitted and a crude infection rate of 3%. Of note is that 1,867 of the 7,407 nosocomial infections (25%) occurred in the ICU patients. Several factors point to a compelling argument that the highest priority in infection control resources be assigned to the prevention and control of ICU infections: ICU patients often have serious device-related infections and may be identified as high risk prior to infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6556160 TI - Bacterial infection from intravascular monitoring devices. PMID- 6556162 TI - A tropical diseases research centre and the role nurses play. PMID- 6556161 TI - Handwashing agents. PMID- 6556163 TI - Nurses' commitment to militance in collective bargaining. PMID- 6556164 TI - Power through quality nursing care. PMID- 6556165 TI - Towards the year 2000. PMID- 6556166 TI - Stocktaking time. PMID- 6556167 TI - The anatomy of a profession. PMID- 6556168 TI - Physician and nurse joint practice: a description of nurse practitioners on a cardiac surgery service. PMID- 6556169 TI - Mixed venous blood-gas composition in experimentally induced acid-base disturbances. PMID- 6556170 TI - The intra-arterial line: a site for obtaining coagulation studies. PMID- 6556171 TI - Troubleshooting Swan-Ganz catheters. PMID- 6556172 TI - Pulmonary hydatid disease: a four-year experience in an urban black hospital. AB - Intrathoracic hydatid disease is rarely seen in black patients hospitalized in the Johannesburg area. Eleven patients with pulmonary hydatid disease were treated during 4 years at a major referral center for black patients. The clinical features and management of these patients are described. PMID- 6556173 TI - Familial atrial myxoma with bilateral recurrence. PMID- 6556174 TI - Postoperative low cardiac output in infancy. AB - PLCO can be a devastating and fatal complication after open-heart surgery in infants. Knowledge of the risk factors for the development of PLCO can assist the critical care nurse in anticipating, recognizing, and participating in the treatment of infants who develop this syndrome. An understanding of the causes of PLCO and their relationship to heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility can help the nurse to predict and interpret its development in her patient. This knowledge can also assist the nurse in differentiating the problem based on her clinical assessments and hemodynamic data. Last, a comprehension of the causes and clinical picture of PLCO will increase the nurse's understanding of the rationale and timing of interventions for PLCO and will equip her to evaluate the effectiveness of those interventions. PMID- 6556175 TI - A new approach to dressing change in the severely burned child and its effect on burn-related psychopathology. PMID- 6556176 TI - A nursing perspective of the invasive electrophysiologic approach to treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6556177 TI - The infusion delivery time of the flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter: clinical implications. PMID- 6556178 TI - Aortic dissection presenting with hemoptysis: diagnostic confirmation of dissection and leak by computerized tomography. PMID- 6556179 TI - Management of the septic patient with leukemia who requires ventilatory assistance. PMID- 6556180 TI - Defense mechanisms: protecting the healthy lung. AB - In addition to performing its primary function of gas exchange, the lung plays a critical role in defending the body against a hostile environment. The highly efficient nonspecific defense mechanisms help to preserve the lung structure and function. Specific immune mechanisms exist both systemically and locally. Activation of these latter responses may result in protection or in hypersensitivity. Failure of one or more components of the defense system of the lung may result in acute or chronic disease and may exacerbate or contribute to other concurrent illnesses. PMID- 6556181 TI - Use of patient positioning to improve PaO2: a review. PMID- 6556182 TI - Myocardial ischemia in mitral stenosis with normal coronary arteries. PMID- 6556183 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis. AB - Necrotizing fasciitis has long been recognized as an acute life-threatening infection requiring aggressive treatment. It generally occurs after minor trauma, but often there is no history of injury. The skin in necrotizing fasciitis is pale or red with no clear line of demarcation between affected and normal skin. There is extensive undermining of the skin with a foul-smelling sanguineous exudate. The superficial fascia and the deep fascia can be easily separated and will appear stringy, ragged, and dull gray to gray-green in color. Muscle, bone, or viseral involvement is not a feature of necrotizing fasciitis. The systemic response is one of an acutely ill patient with prostration and clouding of sensorium. Anemia, low serum calcium level, and fluid volume deficits are commonly seen along with other nonspecific laboratory and clinical findings common to serious acute infections. Necrotizing fasciitis is a polymicrobial disorder and not a specific bacterial infection. Beta-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and mixed gram-negative organisms are most frequently reported as etiologic agents, with more recent reports usually demonstrating a combination of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. The primary therapy consists of radical surgical debridement of all nonviable tissue with frequent postoperative checks to monitor for further dissection that would require additional surfical debridement. Local wound care consists of diligent cleaning and application of loose gauze soaked with a topical agent. Parenteral antibiotic therapy based upon the Gram stain and further modified on the basis of bacterial culture and sensitivity studies, is started immediately. Management also involves correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, correction of anemia, and general supportive care.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6556184 TI - 2:1 atrioventricular block with interference dissociation. PMID- 6556185 TI - Nursing diagnosis: framework, process, and problems. PMID- 6556186 TI - Families in the intensive care unit: their effect on staff. PMID- 6556187 TI - Adolescent potential for participation in health care. PMID- 6556188 TI - Nursing management of the postoperative pediatric patient. PMID- 6556189 TI - Frequent sports injuries of children: etiology, treatment, and prevention. PMID- 6556190 TI - Screening the child for sports participation. PMID- 6556191 TI - Early indicators of breast-feeding progress. PMID- 6556192 TI - Natural and artificial lung surfactant replacement therapy in premature lambs. AB - The effect of tracheal instillation of surface-active mixtures in premature lambs was studied as an animal model of exogenous surfactant replacement therapy for the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Specific mixtures studied were 7:3 (molar ratio) dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC):egg phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and extracted mixed lipids (with 1% protein) from cow lung lavage (CLL). Preventilatory tracheal instillation of greater than 15 mg/kg of CLL in 10 ml 0.15 M NaCl to premature lambs gave improved alveolar-arterial O2 gradient and blood gases and increased lung compliance, compared with control lambs over a 15 h period. Lambs receiving 7:3 DPPC:PG dispersions were not improved over controls with regard to pressure-volume characteristics and were worse than controls in arterial oxygenation. In terms of in vitro surface properties, both extracted natural CLL and 7:3 DPPC:egg PG were able to lower aqueous surface tension to 1 dyn/cm under dynamic compression. However, the dynamic respreading of CLL films on successive surface cycles was superior to that of 7:3 DPPC:PG. Moreover, after dispersal in 0.15 M NaCl by vortexing (5 mg/80 ml), CLL adsorbed to surface pressure (tau values of 45 dyn/cm within 10 min. 7:3 DPPC:PG adsorbed to significantly lower tau values after subphase dispersal by a variety of methods. PMID- 6556193 TI - Amino acid sequence at the reactive site of human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. AB - The reactive site of human alpha 1-antichymotrypsin has been identified as encompassing a leucyl-seryl bond at the apparent P1 and P'1 positions. This has been determined by dissociation of complexes of the inhibitor with bovine alpha chymotrypsin, followed by identification of new NH2-terminal sequences, as well as by proteolytic inactivation by porcine pancreatic elastase. The latter results in peptide bond cleavage between the apparent P5 and P4 positions of the inhibitor, yielding a fragment whose sequence overlaps with that obtained through complex dissociation. Some homology with the sequence obtained and that already reported for both antithrombin III and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor can be noted. PMID- 6556194 TI - Human plasma kallikrein releases neutrophil elastase during blood coagulation. AB - Elastase is released from human neutrophils during the early events of blood coagulation. Human plasma kallikrein has been shown to stimulate neutrophil chemotaxis, aggregation, and oxygen consumption. Therefore, the ability of kallikrein to release neutrophil elastase was investigated. Neutrophils were isolated by dextran sedimentation, and elastase release was measured by both an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and an enzymatic assay using t-butoxy-carbonyl Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-amino methyl coumarin as the substrate. Kallikrein, 0.1-1.0 U/ml, (0.045-0.45 microM), was incubated with neutrophils that were preincubated with cytochalasin B (5 micrograms/ml). The release of elastase was found to be proportional to the kallikrein concentration. Kallikrein released a maximum of 34% of the total elastase content, as measured by solubilizing the neutrophils in the nonionic detergent Triton X-100. A series of experiments was carried out to determine if kallikrein was a major enzyme involved in neutrophil elastase release during blood coagulation. When 10 million neutrophils were incubated in 1 ml of normal plasma in the presence of 30 mM CaCl2 for 90 min, 2.75 micrograms of elastase was released. In contrast, neutrophils incubated in prekallikrein deficient or Factor XII-deficient plasma released less than half of the elastase, as compared with normal plasma. The addition of purified prekallikrein to prekallikrein-deficient plasma restored neutrophil elastase release to normal levels. Moreover, release of elastase was enhanced in plasma deficient in C1 inhibitor, the major plasma inhibitor of kallikrein. This release was not dependent upon further steps in the coagulation pathway, or on C5a, since levels of elastase, released in Factor XI- or C5-deficient plasma, were similar to that in normal plasma, and an antibody to C5 failed to inhibit elastase release. These data suggest that kallikrein may be a major enzyme responsible for the release of elastase during blood coagulation. PMID- 6556195 TI - Genetics: implications for preventative nursing practice. AB - A method for identifying and evaluating susceptible families for cardiac disease risk is presented from the perspective of the role of genes in heart disease. If useful applications of genetic aggregations could be integrated into nursing practice, preventive selective interventions could be implemented. Nursing practice aimed at risk reduction in susceptible families is more efficient for reducing disease mortality. PMID- 6556196 TI - The nursing process: from development to implementation. AB - This paper summarizes the research study carried out in 1979 as part of an MSc. The study has two purposes: to analyse, in sociological terms, the nursing process development and to understand whether it can make a practical contribution to nursing. The concept of the nursing process emerged in the United States during the 1960s. Its content was shaped by the American context. It was transferred subsequently to the United Kingdom in a limited form, modified to accommodate a different context; thus, it is not just a theoretical concept but an ideology in the technical sense as well. As a method of practice, the study shows that the nursing process is not fully implemented either in the US or in the UK. However, it does represent an important step forward in nursing in that it has made real analytical gains. The findings of the study serve to identify some of the problems that must be tackled if the theory is to be turned into practice. PMID- 6556197 TI - Learning to nurse the elderly: outcome measures. AB - This study explores the impact of a planned learning experience with the elderly on BScN students' level of knowledge about aging. Data were gathered by means of Palmore's 'Facts on Aging Quiz', an instrument which has been validated as a measure of knowledge. Findings revealed that a learning experience requiring that students have contact and planned experience with essentially well older people who were living and functioning relatively independently was effective in increasing their level of knowledge about aging as well as lessening negative stereotypes associated with the aged. PMID- 6556198 TI - Abuse and neglect of the frail elderly at home: an exploration of theoretical relationships. AB - Using an ex post facto, correlational descriptive design, a purposive sample of 74 elderly individuals who were identified as either having a 'good relationship' or an 'abusive/neglectful relationship' with their related caregivers were interviewed in their own homes. The purpose of the study was to test two hypotheses which predicted the nature of differences between the two groups and four which predicted the magnitude and direction of theoretically deduced causal relationships. The data showed that demographic characteristics and certain theoretical variable such as anger, hostility and stress were remarkably similar between groups. The significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the two groups included lower expectations among the abused subjects for their caregivers, lower perceptions among the abused subjects of their caregiver's actual behaviour, differences between the social networks of the two groups and more depression in the 'abuse' group. Using multiple regression analysis, a total of four causal models' were tested using anger, depression, anxiety, and abuse as terminal dependent variables. The amount of explained variance ranged from 22% for anxiety to 58% for abuse. An empirical model was generated from data available in which 2 variables, perceptions of the caregiver and family members in the house available to help, explained 54% of the variance in abuse. PMID- 6556199 TI - Health: a basic concept in nursing theory. AB - The concept of health is evolving over time. Traditional paradigms of health, with disease being the central focus, have emerged into complex, multidimensional models centering on a positive, holistic approach towards the phenomenon of health. The subsequent emphasis on health promotion has concomitantly affected the concept of nursing. The concept of health is a basic building block for nursing theory. How health is defined dictates how nurses should be educated and how they should practice. Incorporating the self-care model of nursing practice, health is conceived of as the effective functioning of self-care resources which ensure the operation and adequacy of self-care actions. PMID- 6556200 TI - Adaptation in chronic illness: an eclectic model for nurses. AB - The growing prevalence of chronic illness is due, in large part, to the control and/or eradication of infectious diseases as well as, in North America, the increasingly aged population and overall lengthening life span. Although the trajectory of chronic illness is in a generally downward direction, the rate of progression may vary as plateaux an remissions occur. As these changes occur, the individual and his family move through a process of continual adjustment. This paper presents a conceptual model of the process of adaptation in chronic illness. The primary concept in the model is appraisal (Lazarus, 1966) and the thought that continuous appraisal/reappraisal of the individual's progress toward the goal of adaptation is required by the individual, his family, and the nurse. The focus of the model is the chronically ill individual and his family. The goal is movement toward adaptation to the illness and its ramifications. The process is caring, which facilitates movement towards the goal. The model and its interpretation are outlined in the paper. Finally, some strategies for nurses, and others, are suggested as ways in which the concepts may be applied and implemented in practice. PMID- 6556201 TI - Where angels fear to tread--nursing and the concept of creativity. AB - In the United Kingdom at the present time, there are radical changes taking place in the nursing profession. In order to cope with these new ideas, it has been suggested that nursing needs to attract into its ranks individuals who are not only highly intelligent but also highly creative. This paper examines the concept of creativity as it has been used in the fields of education and psychology and seeks to examine whether or not nurses with creative attributes are desirable or acceptable in current nursing practice. The ability of the nurse educator to provide for the needs of the highly divergent thinker is also questioned. The paper concludes with a suggested alternative for the use of creativity within the profession, that of the creation of innovative, original and humanistic approaches to the education of the student of nursing. PMID- 6556202 TI - Leadership, nurses and the 1980s. AB - The author examines some of the reasons for the leadership problems in nursing by focusing on the question of 'why leaders are not leading'. Drawing on James MacGregor Burns' general theory of political leadership, the article examines issues of motives, resources, followers and the structure of nursing today. PMID- 6556203 TI - The relationship between rights and responsibilities in health care: a dilemma for nurses. PMID- 6556204 TI - Sleep-wake patterns in the aged. PMID- 6556205 TI - Prerogatives and priorities in gerontology. PMID- 6556206 TI - Unify for professional practice. PMID- 6556207 TI - Some newer antibiotics. PMID- 6556208 TI - EKG of the month. An arm and a leg. PMID- 6556209 TI - Case of the progressive malignancy. PMID- 6556210 TI - Noninsulin dependent type II diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6556211 TI - Cutaneous blastomycosis: an unusual complication of transtracheal aspiration. PMID- 6556213 TI - Reduction mammoplasty. PMID- 6556212 TI - Tuberculosis prenatal screening and therapy during pregnancy. PMID- 6556214 TI - EKG of the month. Keep it cool. PMID- 6556215 TI - A problem of personality. PMID- 6556216 TI - A case of AIDS in New Orleans. PMID- 6556217 TI - Current concepts of brain death. PMID- 6556218 TI - Uniform determination of death act: implications for nursing practice. PMID- 6556219 TI - Brain death: medical and legal opinions. PMID- 6556220 TI - How neurosurgical nurses cope with the 'no code' patient. PMID- 6556221 TI - Nursing management of gunshot wounds to the head. PMID- 6556222 TI - Evaluation of the comatose patient. PMID- 6556223 TI - Intracerebral herniation. PMID- 6556224 TI - Delayed onset symptomatic hydrocephalus related to aqueductal stenosis. PMID- 6556225 TI - A growth model of self-care for neurologically impaired people. AB - The growth Model of Self-Care provides a method of conceptualizing how nursing knowledge is organized in order to determine nursing interventions. It uses physical and psychological integrity as the basis for evaluating how basic needs are met by the individual. When a person is unable to meet basic needs, nursing intervenes to meet such requirements. Since life is a continual process of change so is the nursing requirement and intervention. Virginia Henderson, said we must get "inside the skin ... be the consciousness [of the patient]." And we must know when the person is able to care for these tasks independently. This Growth Model of Self-Care provides a framework for nursing describing its uniqueness and its practice. PMID- 6556226 TI - Spinal cord injury: psychological adaptation. PMID- 6556227 TI - An orientation program for the new neurological nurse. PMID- 6556228 TI - The neuro nurse specialist--present and future considerations. PMID- 6556229 TI - Organization and administration of hospice care. AB - In these days of ever increasing health care costs, hospice is an important health care delivery method for insuring individualized, humane care of the terminally ill at a reasonable cost. In this article the authors discuss hospice concepts and strategies essential for the successful development of a hospice care program. Practical suggestions are provided for helping you develop a hospice program. PMID- 6556230 TI - Computer use in nursing management. AB - Nursing interest in computer use is on the increase; to date, however, its focus has been on clinical applications. Manually processing the volume of information needed to effectively and efficiently manage a modern nursing department becomes more difficult daily. This paper investigates published nursing management computer applications. It points to the need to look beyond the simple administrative to true management information systems, and outlines a role for the nurse administrator in preparing and implementing automatic data processing (ADP) plans. PMID- 6556231 TI - Head nurses as middle managers. AB - The relationship between head nurses and their staff nurses influences staff turnover rates and job satisfaction. In this article the author describes the measures taken by the management of Greater Southeast Community Hospital in response to an increasing turnover rate among staff RNs. In recognition of the head nurse role vis-d-vis attrition rates and job satisfaction, head nurses were upgraded to department head status and rigorous head nurse performance standards were developed. These standards required clinical expertise, managerial competence, and accountability. It is the author's contention that clinical practice and staff morale are directly related to a clearly defined head nurse role. PMID- 6556232 TI - Associated practice: a case for professional collaboration. AB - The establishment of a successful nurse-physician associated practice requires planning, patience, and a willingness to take calculated risks. The nurse executive can lend credibility and support to the nurse in associated practice by understanding the concept, providing a climate for acceptance of such practices, and by clarifying the role of the nurse associate in relation to other professionals in the organization. In this article the authors describe models for associated practice, as well as the measures necessary to ensure peer and patient acceptance and effective health care delivery. PMID- 6556233 TI - Professionalism and collective bargaining: a new reality for nurses and management. AB - The author reviews the literature on labor relations in hospitals, analyzing the opinions and actions of administrators as well as staff. She links collective organization among nurses with a new attitude toward nurses' professionalism, and concludes that health care organizations must accept the "new reality" of collective bargaining. The author further suggests that managers and staff adopt cooperative rather than adversarial roles in order to foster quality patient care and to meet future challenges. PMID- 6556234 TI - Clinical specialists. PMID- 6556235 TI - Midwifery: an international perspective. PMID- 6556236 TI - The birth experience for the sibling: description and evaluation of a program. PMID- 6556237 TI - Transitional care of low birth weight infants. PMID- 6556238 TI - Phenomenological risk-screening for childbirth: successful prospective differentiation of risk for medically low-risk mothers. PMID- 6556239 TI - The context of nurse-midwifery in the 1980s: our relationships with medicine, nursing, lay-midwives, consumers and health care economist. PMID- 6556240 TI - An Indochinese refugee population in a nurse-midwife service. PMID- 6556241 TI - Patient education: effectiveness of medication programs for psychiatric patients. PMID- 6556242 TI - Psychotherapy with the elderly. PMID- 6556243 TI - Opiate withdrawal with clonidine. PMID- 6556244 TI - Tissue cooling and its effect on brightness temperatures by contact-type microwave applicators. AB - Contact of an applicator on the skin surface may cool the tissues so that the resulting brightness temperature measured by the applicator is varied. The tissue cooling effect on the brightness temperature was quantitatively evaluated. From the experimental results, it was concluded that an accurate temperature control was needed in order to reduce the errors in the brightness temperature. A new method of temperature control which permits continuous measurement of the thermal responses of a human body was attempted, and advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. The research results may be practical and useful for the accurate measurement of brightness temperature. PMID- 6556245 TI - A dual vial waveguide exposure facility for examining microwave effects in vitro. AB - A waveguide exposure system operated between 2 and 4 GHz was assembled in a laboratory incubator in order to study potential temperature-dependent and temperature-independent actions of microwaves. Two vials containing cell cultures were exposed simultaneously in a single waveguide in order to reduce the space required, and to allow concurrent study of autologous cell cultures in two different functional states (resting and stimulated) during exposure. Dosimetry was performed using three techniques with different underlying assumptions, as well as the technique of differential power measurement. Each of the four techniques yielded different results, although differences between the two vials using any single technique were negligible. A significant 'hot spot' occurred at the center of each vial. The ratio between maximum and minimum absorption rate within a single vial was 33-fold using a vial of 1.2-cm diameter and 1.6-cm height. With agitation and exposure at specific absorption rate (SAR) equal to 21 mW/ml, the thermal gradient was less than 0.1 degrees C between these two points. The averaged SAR can be determined by steady-state heating analysis. The exposure system can be calibrated readily by calculation for the measured powers, but not by differential power measurement. PMID- 6556246 TI - The performance of a new 915-MHz direct contact applicator with reduced leakage. AB - The technical feasibility of commercially developing a safe and effective direct contact diathermy applicator operating at the industrial, scientific, medical (ISM) frequency of 915 MHz is demonstrated. The basic design consists of a circular waveguide which is internally loaded with two orthogonal pairs of forward ridges to obtain circular polarization and two rear ridges with a probe to excite the guide. Two prototype designs are considered: the small applicator (15 cm diameter) has one annular choke covered with a 2.5-cm thick microwave absorber, and the large applicator (25 cm diameter) has two additional concentric chokes to limit leakage radiation. The performance of the applicators was evaluated in terms of the requirements of a ORH microwave diathermy test protocol to control stray radiation and deliver a thermally effective absorbed dose rate to simulated muscle tissue of a phantom with a 1-cm or 2-cm fat layer. The net power required to deliver a thermally effective 235-W/kg specific absorption rate (SAR) to such a planar phantom was determined. For this net power, leakage levels considerably less than 5 mW/cm2 (at 5 cm from applicator-phantom boundary) were obtained for the applicators in direct contact with the phantom. If a small spacing (1 cm) between these applicators and planar phantoms is introduced, the net power required to deliver an effective SAR to a phantom and the associated leakage can become excessive. For the small applicator, the required net power for inducing an SAR of 235 W/kg in muscle tissue of a 1-cm fat layer phantom is about 330 W and the leakage is about 120 mW/cm2. For a 2-cm fat layer phantom, these values are somewhat higher. For the large applicator, using a 1-cm fat layer phantom, the values are about 200 W and about 17 mW/cm2. Again, for a 2-cm fat layer phantom, these values are somewhat higher. PMID- 6556247 TI - Reliability of microwave heating for hemoderivative thawing. AB - The spoiling of coagulation factors, proteic patterns and specific activity has been comparatively determined in fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitates and hemodiagnostic sera, thawed in a 37 degrees C water bath and in a microwave oven. Effects of conventional and microwave heating are not significantly different, while results of the latter technique are rapid and aseptic. Previously, heating performances of a commercial microwave oven have been investigated for deionized water, saline solutions, and bovine serum. Furthermore, plastic containers of hemoderivatives have been tested to assure that no toxic products are released during microwave heating. PMID- 6556248 TI - Temperature gradients in the microwave-irradiated egg: implications for avian teratogenesis. AB - Five experiments were performed on a total of 60 non-fertile eggs of Gallus gallus to determine the spatial character, persistence, and physical basis of thermal gradients after a 300-s exposure to the intense, multipath, 2.45-GHz yield of a multimode cavity (dose rates: approximately 80 to 120 mW/g). After irradiation of an intact egg that was first equilibrated to the ambient temperature, a 3-mm diameter Plexiglas rod, which was fitted with junctions of four microwire thermocouples at 10-mm intervals, was inserted to place the distal junction in the approximate center of the yolk, the most proximal junction in peripheral thin white. Temperatures measured immediately after irradiation revealed a highly reliable linear gradient of mean temperatures from central yolk to peripheral white (P less than 0.001). The gradient was also highly persistent: Mean temperatures of central yolk exceeded those of outer thin white by more than 4 degrees C 5 minutes after irradiation, and by more than 2 degrees C 60 minutes afterward. In contrast, when an egg's contents were mixed before irradiation, the gradient was effectively eliminated. A previous report of athermally induced (field-specific) teratogenesis in chick embryos is placed under an interpretive cloud by the present findings: Terata emerged from eggs that were structurally intact during microwave irradiation, but estimates of maxima of embryonic temperatures were based on thermal measurements of non-fertile eggs the contents of which had been mixed by a thermal probe before irradiation. PMID- 6556249 TI - Bandwidth limitations of TEM cells due to resonances. AB - The first eight to ten TEmnp resonances have been identified in one large (6.1 X 7.3 X 13.0 m) and one small (1.0 X 0.6 X 2.0 m) TEM cell. The resonant frequencies fit a new equivalent coaxial box model with the effective length of the box depending on the mode. Weakly propagating TEmn modes were also detected at frequencies above their respective first-resonance frequencies. A biological body or metal box at the center of the test zone interacts strongly with the TE10p and TE11p resonances, but not with the TE01p resonances. These interactions cause bandwidth limitations in the use of TEM cells for bioeffects dosimetry studies, EMC testing, and probe calibration work. PMID- 6556250 TI - Technical note: on changes in evaporative heat loss that result from exposure to nonionizing electromagnetic radiation. PMID- 6556251 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia. PMID- 6556252 TI - Amblyopia: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6556253 TI - Understanding the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6556254 TI - What's your impression? Blowout fracture of the orbital floor. PMID- 6556255 TI - Counseling and caring: nursing intervention in ophthalmic situations. PMID- 6556256 TI - Spotlight on photography: stereo fundus photography. PMID- 6556257 TI - Prooxidant properties of vanadate in vitro on catecholamines and on lipid peroxidation by mouse and rat tissues. AB - Vanadate (Na3VO4) in micromolar concentrations enhanced the in vitro formation of adrenochrome from epinephrine, and of aminochrome from dopamine. Lipid peroxides in various tissues of the mouse and rat, particularly brain, were increased. Products of both catecholamine oxidation and lipid peroxidation may be the basis of the cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects of vanadium. PMID- 6556258 TI - [Systematization of regional maternal and child health care]. PMID- 6556260 TI - [Problems of mothers and infants following discharge: an observation through home visiting]. PMID- 6556259 TI - [Designing an information exchange system on expectant patients between medical facilities and public health clinics]. PMID- 6556261 TI - [Home nursing activities using a health education van]. PMID- 6556262 TI - [Nationwide survey on attitudes of midwifery students concerning participation in regional maternal and child health services]. PMID- 6556263 TI - [Community hospital-based obstetrical primary nursing]. PMID- 6556264 TI - [Continuing care from pregnancy to infant nursing: practice of comprehensive regional care at Yukigini Yamato General Hospital]. PMID- 6556265 TI - [Successful establishment of pregnancy through in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 6556266 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 5. Labor induction by drugs]. PMID- 6556267 TI - [Analytical epidemiology (II). Analysis of the results]. PMID- 6556268 TI - [Stress in the puerperium]. PMID- 6556269 TI - [Experience at a nudists' camp]. PMID- 6556270 TI - [Importance of maternal transport (1)]. PMID- 6556271 TI - [Extents of nursing and the "patient classification system"]. PMID- 6556272 TI - [Assignment of new nursing school graduates and the extent of nursing. Re evaluation of allocation of the nursing staff]. PMID- 6556273 TI - [Projection on future nursing based on nursing surveys and changes in nursing standards]. PMID- 6556274 TI - [Unsolved problems in understanding patients]. PMID- 6556275 TI - [Beyond the category of inhouse psychiatric care: focal points in liberated care and the process of liberalization at Kami-Hatano Hospital]. PMID- 6556276 TI - [Bedside nursing. On interactions with patients through the process records]. PMID- 6556277 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of an aged patient with an ophthalmic disease: on the care of aged hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6556278 TI - [Survey on smoking among nursing students]. PMID- 6556279 TI - [Report on nursing in the United States. Work schedules and personnel management in the United States]. PMID- 6556280 TI - [Life with psychiatric patients. 8. Suicide]. PMID- 6556281 TI - [Behavioral medicine. 4. Problem behavior of patients]. PMID- 6556282 TI - [Clinical medicine of alcohol. 8. Pancreatic diseases caused by alcohol drinking]. PMID- 6556283 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 5. Surgery and nursing of patients with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6556284 TI - [Understanding of patients through the Balint method. 8. Examples of failures in therapist-patient relations]. PMID- 6556285 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Yoko Hosono who studied bioethics at the "Okamura Seminar" for one year]. PMID- 6556286 TI - [Visit to Nepal. 8. Melancholy of a traveller after 7 months]. PMID- 6556287 TI - [Ambulatory nursing: report from the Shioda Clinic. 8. The examination room. (2): important cooperation between the physician and nurses]. PMID- 6556288 TI - [Family environment necessary for continuation of home nursing: evaluation of examples in which home nursing was interrupted]. PMID- 6556289 TI - [Practice of home nursing: home care of an outpatient and a former inpatient after discharge]. PMID- 6556290 TI - [Activities at Mizushima: home nursing of aged bedridden patients]. PMID- 6556291 TI - [Home nursing of psychiatric outpatients]. PMID- 6556292 TI - [Home nursing supported by a center incorporating medical care and welfare services]. PMID- 6556293 TI - [Home nursing of bedridden patients and the role of the nurse]. PMID- 6556294 TI - [Bedside nursing. Analysis of behavioral problems: reflection on nursing of a schizophrenic patient with frequent violent behavior]. PMID- 6556296 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assessment of a nursing process: a study of a case with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6556295 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with incomplete amputation of a leg following reimplantation]. PMID- 6556297 TI - [Life with patients at a psychiatric ward. 9. Rare occasions when a nurse is forced to strike patients]. PMID- 6556298 TI - [Behavioral medicine. 5. Communication with patients: patients' interpretation of medical personnels' expressions]. PMID- 6556299 TI - [Clinical significance of alcohol. 9. Heart diseases and hypertension caused by alcoholism]. PMID- 6556300 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 6. Examination of the eyes, teeth, and feet and nursing]. PMID- 6556301 TI - [Understanding of patients by Balint method. 9. Chronic disease and psychogenic reactions]. PMID- 6556302 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Kiyomi Ishii, a nurse volunteer for Indonesian refugees]. PMID- 6556303 TI - [Visit to Nepal. 9. Family planning in Nepal]. PMID- 6556304 TI - [Ambulatory nursing at Shioda Clinic. 9. Home nursing to encourage patients' activities]. PMID- 6556305 TI - [Current practice of home nursing: discussion]. PMID- 6556306 TI - [Practice of home nursing: the current status and future problems]. PMID- 6556307 TI - [Nutrition management and complications in acute renal failure]. PMID- 6556308 TI - [Adaptation of dialysis in acute renal failure; method and selection]. PMID- 6556309 TI - [Nursing care of patients with acute renal failure]. PMID- 6556310 TI - [Nursing care of patients in acute renal failure in intensive care units]. PMID- 6556311 TI - [Risk factors of the acute renal failure patient during dialysis with remarks about observation points]. PMID- 6556312 TI - [A survey & prognosis determinants in 21 cases of ARF]. PMID- 6556313 TI - [Nursing care of trauma induced ARF patients (case study)]. PMID- 6556314 TI - [Nursing approach to the ARF patient after heart surgery]. PMID- 6556315 TI - [Introduction of dialysis in self-care units and nursing management]. PMID- 6556316 TI - [Nursing care of chronic renal failure patients complicating restless-leg syndrome]. PMID- 6556317 TI - [Nursing care of the patient who refuses dialysis initially]. PMID- 6556318 TI - [Outpatient nursing care: how to collect patient information]. PMID- 6556319 TI - [Nursing care of community acquired pneumonia and hospital acquired pneumonia in the aged]. PMID- 6556320 TI - [Color atlas of abnormalities in lower digestive organs]. PMID- 6556322 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of the patient's problems involving the small and large bowel]. PMID- 6556321 TI - [Diagnosis of diseases in the lower digestive organs]. PMID- 6556323 TI - [Helping home stay of a rectal cancer patient in the terminal stage]. PMID- 6556324 TI - [Current trends of treatment for urination dysfunction]. PMID- 6556325 TI - [Blood gas analyzer, heart rate meter]. PMID- 6556326 TI - [Patient assessment: based on data, not intuition]. PMID- 6556328 TI - [Prevention of acute renal failure]. PMID- 6556327 TI - [Etiology and diagnosis of acute renal failure patients]. PMID- 6556329 TI - [A special edition on 'the subject and the object'. Commentary: science and subjectivity]. PMID- 6556330 TI - [A special edition on 'the subject and the object'. Commentary; the subject and the object in physical science]. PMID- 6556331 TI - [A special edition on 'the subject and the object'. Discussion: the subject and object in nursing research]. PMID- 6556333 TI - [A supplement: what is "nursing administration"]. PMID- 6556332 TI - [The process of the study about 'anxiety'--an approach with the examination of actual occurrences and experiences]. PMID- 6556334 TI - [Stress reactions of CCU patients to resuscitation procedures on other patients]. PMID- 6556335 TI - [The approach to an English monograph. About the logic of "review of the literature"]. PMID- 6556336 TI - [For beginners in nursing research: results, discussion, summary]. PMID- 6556337 TI - [Basic science and nursing studies]. PMID- 6556338 TI - [Bioethics: an interview with Mr. Rihito Kimura of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University. (2). Interview by S. Kubo]. PMID- 6556339 TI - [Observation of changes of image held by nursing students of various parts of the body]. PMID- 6556340 TI - [Developmental changes of nursing students in their attitudes to death and dying patients, nursing awareness, and behavioral tendencies]. PMID- 6556341 TI - [Psychiatric nursing education in the United States: visits to 3 educational institutions]. PMID- 6556343 TI - [On nursing education. 13. A message from "Oyone and Koharu" by W. Moraes]. PMID- 6556342 TI - [Road to the hospice movement--the life of Mother Mary Aikenhead (4). The word seen from Ireland]. PMID- 6556344 TI - [In search of educational humanity (7). Understanding of man in education (4): on "General Education" by Johann Friedrich Herbert]. PMID- 6556345 TI - [Understanding, an objective in nursing]. PMID- 6556346 TI - [Educational effects of training at public health clinics]. PMID- 6556347 TI - [Survey on clinical training in maternal nursing]. PMID- 6556348 TI - [Significance of conversation as a means of communication in information gathering in clinical training]. PMID- 6556349 TI - [Classroom training in nursing of adults: with special reference to a nursing case study in the field of internal medicine]. PMID- 6556350 TI - [Road to the hospice movement--the life of Mother Mary Alkenhead (5). 7 days in Dublin in search of historical data]. PMID- 6556351 TI - [On nursing education. 14. Hope for life in patients with terminal cancer]. PMID- 6556352 TI - [In search of educational humanity (8). Death of a young teacher]. PMID- 6556353 TI - [Problems which nursing students would face in the clinical training in nursing of terminal patients]. PMID- 6556354 TI - [Problems in continuing nursing education: a report from the 9th Symposium of Japan Society of Nursing Research]. PMID- 6556355 TI - [Introduction of the encounter group process in the nursing curriculum]. PMID- 6556356 TI - [Leadership training in nursing education]. PMID- 6556357 TI - [The 1981 national budget for health amounting to 12.9 trillion yen: an annual expenditure of 109,200 yen per person]. PMID- 6556358 TI - [Solution for the problems in nursing education and training of nursing instructors]. PMID- 6556359 TI - [On nursing education. 15. On learning deep-seated suffering of patients]. PMID- 6556360 TI - Influence of DIDS on the dual actions of vanadate on high K-induced contraction in the guinea-pig taenia coli. PMID- 6556361 TI - [Future trends and problems concerning public health nurses]. PMID- 6556362 TI - [Public health nursing of the aged. A symposium]. PMID- 6556363 TI - [The 15th Congress of Public Health Nurses Affiliated with Local Governments: a special meeting on legislations of health care for the aged]. PMID- 6556364 TI - [Legislation concerning health care of the aged: approach to budgets and personnel management at the start of the program. Discussion]. PMID- 6556365 TI - [Social security of the aged and the role of local governments]. PMID- 6556366 TI - [Practice of child rearing and standards of health education. Discussion]. PMID- 6556367 TI - [Public health approach to the body and mind of children]. PMID- 6556368 TI - [Health promotion of the citizens and folk medicine]. PMID- 6556370 TI - [Pollution and contamination of food]. PMID- 6556369 TI - [Alcoholism and public health nursing activities]. PMID- 6556372 TI - The nurse as the first line of defense against periodontal disease. AB - Pregnancy gingivitis is one of the most frequent forms of periodontal disease seen by nurses. Nurses can be an invaluable "first line of defense" against this malady. A basic dental diagnostic procedure for the nurse is presented in this paper. PMID- 6556371 TI - The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of the obstetrical patient. AB - Ultrasound has become an important diagnostic tool for management of the obstetrical patient. It is most useful when a pregnancy has shown specific clinical indications, such as diagnosis of multiple pregnancy, assessment of bleeding during pregnancy, and assessment of fetal growth. Recently, ultrasound has been used extensively to diagnose structural anomalies of the fetus. Nurses need to be knowledgeable concerning ultrasound so they can explain the procedure to patients and help allay patients' fears and anxieties. PMID- 6556373 TI - Maternity leaves and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. AB - More than 50% of mothers in the United States work. An important issue facing working women is maternity leave and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA). The nurse should recognize the childbearing-related problems the working woman may encounter and initiate appropriate referrals. Understanding both maternity leaves and the Pregnancy Discrimination Act will enhance the nurse's ability to provide appropriate counseling and referral. PMID- 6556375 TI - Chemical dependency in the nursing profession: a plan for action in Kansas. PMID- 6556374 TI - Supporting the mother of a patient in labor. PMID- 6556376 TI - [Panel discussion: prospects of nurses' status in the future - educational perspective]. PMID- 6556377 TI - [Panel discussion: nurses' status in the community]. PMID- 6556379 TI - [Panel discussion: historical review of the nurses' status; clinical administrative perspective]. PMID- 6556378 TI - [Analysis of research articles which appeared in major nursing journal]. PMID- 6556380 TI - [Ethical code for Korean Nurses - 1983 revision]. PMID- 6556381 TI - [Prospects of nurses' status in the future]. PMID- 6556382 TI - [The future role and position of Korean nurses in America]. PMID- 6556383 TI - [Panel discussion: prospects of nurses' status in the future; clinical administrative perspective]. PMID- 6556384 TI - [Nutrition and cancer]. PMID- 6556385 TI - [Psoriasis vulgaris. 2. Problems of the psoriatic patient--therapeutic possibilities]. PMID- 6556386 TI - [Frequent diseases of the shoulder joint]. PMID- 6556387 TI - Parental expectations of school health services. AB - Parents, as consumers of health care for their children, have the opportunity to incorporate available school health services as part of their child's total health care. This study investigated whether parental expectations of school health services supported the role of health services in the school as part of a total health care delivery system. It also sought to establish differences in the level of parental expectations of school health services as they relate to family size, parental structure in the home, method of family medical payment and current mode of health care management. A three-part questionnaire was developed to elicit data about parental expectations of school health, family characteristics and current choice of health care. Data analysis showed that parents do expect and accept school health services to be a part of their child's total health care management. No significant relationship was found between parental expectations and family demographic factors or if the child's current health management was maintenance-oriented or crisis-oriented. The study suggests that opportunities for parental input into school health programming should be provided. Positive perceptions of school health services may be incorporated into program advocacy in the event of political and financial threats. PMID- 6556388 TI - Teacher stress and burnout: implications for school health personnel. AB - Recent literature indicates teachers experience considerable stress in the workplace, and that such stress is associated with an increased frequency of physical illnesses and somatic complaints. This study was conducted to identify the relationship between reported levels of stress and somatic complaints and selected illnesses. The Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Teacher Somatic Complaints and Illness Inventory were distributed to 428 teachers in public schools in Southern Illinois. The MBI yields data allowing classification of teachers into two groups according to degrees of work related stress. A discriminant analysis was performed to examine the ability to discriminate between these groups based on their reported patterns of somatic complaints and illnesses. More than 11% of those responding to the study were classified as burned out according to conservative criteria for classification. The conclusion that burnout represents a health risk to teachers in this study has implications for school health personnel. Since school health personnel have experience in educating people about physiological and psychological factors that threaten health, and have experience in motivating individuals to take positive action regarding their health, they can provide teachers with information and skills to cope with occupational stress. PMID- 6556389 TI - Implementing an industrial hearing conservation program in the schools. AB - The harmful effects of exposure to high noise levels have been well-documented and include auditory and non-auditory factors. The most notable auditory effect is permanent loss of hearing, many times accompanied by the constant perception of a ringing-type noise in the ears (tinnitus). Despite this, there has been insufficient attention given to the hazardous effects of noise in the school health education curriculum. The industrial arts program is one area that deserves special attention because of the noise levels that teachers and students are exposed to in the classroom and the assumed future exposure that students will experience in their recreational and work experiences. This report describes a hearing conservation program implemented in the Industrial Arts Program in the Dallas Independent School District that attempts to provide: 1) protection for students and teachers using equipment that produces excessive, damaging noise; and 2) information to students on the hazardous effects of noise, so they will understand the consequences of not protecting their ears when exposed to excessive noise and the available means to protect their hearing. As the cost of the program was minimal, other school districts could implement similar programs with little additional resources and effort. PMID- 6556390 TI - Instructional units of death education: the impact of amount of classroom time on changes in death attitudes. AB - The present study sought to provide a better understanding of the impact instructional time devoted to death education had on death attitudes. The study incorporates a three-group experimental research design with repeated measures. Three experimental groups of college students randomly were assigned to one of three short units of death education. The groups varied in terms of the amount of instructional time they were given. One group received three class sessions of death education, while the other two groups received six and nine classes, respectively. Only in the group that received nine class sessions of death education were death attitudes changed significantly. Such changes occurred on one dimension of death attitudes. Results suggest that very brief units of death education are not effective in changing attitudes. When attitude change is deemed important, the most rational length of time to devote to death education is roughly nine class sessions. Even then, attitudes related to death may be affected only partially. PMID- 6556391 TI - Primary prevention of tobacco smoking. AB - Sixth-grade students (N = 56) were assigned randomly to one of four experimental conditions: pretest and primary prevention; primary prevention; pretest; and neither pretest nor primary prevention. In eight group sessions, primary prevention students learned facts, problem solving, decision making, self instructions and interpersonal skills to help keep them from using tobacco. All students completed posttests and a six-month follow-up. Compared with untrained controls, trained students had greater knowledge of smoking, more perspectives on tobacco problems, better linkages between problems and solutions, more insights on the consequences of nonsmoking decisions and greater nonverbal and verbal competence in tobacco use situations. Follow-up data showed trained students with stronger commitments to tobacco abstinence, more frequent refusals of tobacco, and less smoking than controls. Midway through seventh grade, 8% of trained students and 37.5% of controls had smoked in the most recent month. PMID- 6556392 TI - Evaluating a nutrition education program for pregnant teen-agers: cognitive vs. behavioral outcomes. AB - A manual-based program of nutrition education for pregnancy and lactation was developed. This program was evaluated in a classroom setting using two measures of effectiveness. A pretest and posttest format was used to assess cognitive outcomes and predietary and postdietary records were used to assess behavioral changes. The difference between cognitive test scores was significant. However, actual dietary improvements were slight and were within the range of normal intake variation. This study emphasizes the need to assess behavior in order to more fully evaluate educational effectiveness. Observations of the study also suggest the desirability of environmental support for the successful translation of classroom knowledge into appropriate behaviors. PMID- 6556393 TI - Rx for OTC users: improved health education. AB - A survey of college students' perceptions and understanding of the directions, cautions and warnings affixed to or accompanying over-the-counter medicines was conducted during 1980-81 at the University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi. The questionnaire asked students to list the OTC products they use and to define or recognize definitions for pertinent terminology. The present paper concludes there is compelling need for increased emphases on health education at all educational levels, particularly as related to self-medication practices, and that on-going programs should be examined for relevance. PMID- 6556394 TI - Anorexia and the adolescent. AB - Anorexia nervosa or self-starvation is a disease that can lead to life-long problems or death. A problem primarily affecting young women, anorexia is occurring at a rapidly increasing rate in the United States. In today's society, thinness is perpetuated in all aspects of life; the result of this initial dieting in combination with a low self-concept and self-esteem appear to be factors related to this disease. This article defines anorexia nervosa, explains physical and psychological problems resulting from the disease and emphasizes the role health professionals have in the prevention and early recognition of anorexia nervosa in the adolescent. PMID- 6556395 TI - Nonverbal teaching behavior and the health educator. AB - The role of the health educator is rapidly changing. With this change comes the need to analyze the teaching techniques used by the health educator to disseminate health information. There is very little research to date in health education dealing with the issue of teacher-learner interaction. Because of the unique issues raised in this domain, research designs used in other areas of education do not meet the specific needs of health education. The study was designed initially to determine if nonverbal teaching behavior of health educators would be different if they were exposed to a systematic self-analysis process. Utilizing health educators in 28 secondary schools in central New York State, the subjects were videotaped and their behavior analyzed with a self analysis instrument. The results of the study showed a need for written and oral feedback if health educators are to become aware of their teaching behavior. On going self-analysis, too, appeared essential in changing teaching behavior as did the use of videotaping. Duplicate studies in this area are essential in determining whether teacher behavior can be altered in a positive direction. PMID- 6556396 TI - Project HITE (health individualization and teacher education): a health curriculum for 3-, 4- and 5-year olds. AB - South Carolina has been a national leader in such health problems as cardiovascular disease, syphillis and gonorrhea. Since many of the problems could be attributed to poor health habits, education of the state's residents seemed in order. The education/re-education of inaccessible adults with firmly established health habits--poor or otherwise--was not feasible, but the education of impressionable, readily accessible three-, four- and five-year olds was possible. Through a grant from the federal government, an individualized health curriculum that could accommodate the differences of the learners and include vital health content was developed. This project of developing and distributing the health curriculum to teachers of young children was called Project HITE (Health Individualization and Teacher Education). PMID- 6556397 TI - The art of health. AB - There is a general trend in education today to stress "the basics,"--often defined as reading, writing and arithmetic. Health-related professionals have made a valid case that health may be more "basic" than any of these areas. And professionals in the arts have good historical evidence that art, dance and music are "basic" to human existence. Too often the different disciplines are pitted against one another to compete for money and prestige. The intent of this paper is to show how two "basics" can be used in an interdisciplinary approach to help teach children. Using art to teach about health can be an effective and interesting way to promote health discussions. PMID- 6556398 TI - Management of the obese child in the school. AB - Improving the nation's health depends on changing lifestyles that are detrimental to health. The school nurse can bring about significant changes in the lifestyles of obese children through the formation of a Health Club. Through participation in the club, children learn to make informed decisions about health. The club aides in health promotion through behavior modification techniques that offer incentives to adopt healthy lifestyles, with the goals of improved health status, quality of life and life expectancy. PMID- 6556399 TI - Who's going to be practicing nursing tomorrow? PMID- 6556400 TI - Experimental studies of the effect of sodium artesunate on the immune functions of mice. PMID- 6556401 TI - Preventive effects of pollen typhae and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae in atherogenesis. Inhibition on proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. PMID- 6556402 TI - The inhibitory effect of Motherwort extract on pulsating myocardial cells in vitro. PMID- 6556403 TI - The effects of Radix Aconiti Praeparata on acute myocardial ischemia, left ventricular function and hemodynamics in anesthetized dogs. PMID- 6556404 TI - The protective effect of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae composita in cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6556405 TI - The effect of Radix Astragali on mouse marrow hemopoiesis. PMID- 6556406 TI - The pharmacological study of the total acid of Achillea alpina. PMID- 6556407 TI - Study of antibacterial and antiinflammatory components of Achillea alpina. PMID- 6556408 TI - Treatment of chronic nephritis with tripterygium hypoglaucum. A clinical and experimental study. PMID- 6556409 TI - Behcet's disease: clinical report of 88 cases treated with herbal decoctions. PMID- 6556410 TI - Observations on effect of Fructus Psoraleae injection in 800 cases of psoriasis. PMID- 6556411 TI - Huatuo Jiaji points for migraine: 70 cases. PMID- 6556413 TI - Indications for the application and combined use of acupoints of the 14 major channels. PMID- 6556412 TI - Treatment of 40 cases of paralysis of common peroneal nerve with acupuncture and moxibustion. PMID- 6556414 TI - [Discussion: meaning of the nursing theories for nurses]. PMID- 6556415 TI - [The application of nursing theories in clinical practice]. PMID- 6556416 TI - [The view of man and the concept of methodology in the theory of nursing]. PMID- 6556418 TI - [Conceptual issues in nursing]. PMID- 6556417 TI - [Relation of practice and theory in management]. PMID- 6556419 TI - [Guidance for the aged patients and their families to prepare and rebuild their home lives; study on 16 cases]. PMID- 6556420 TI - [Dialog: man and language]. PMID- 6556421 TI - [Quality assurance of nursing and philosophy of nursing]. PMID- 6556423 TI - [Progressive method of learning; how to understand a sick child (3)]. PMID- 6556422 TI - Clinical nursing instruction between basic nursing and nursing of adults. PMID- 6556424 TI - [Leadership development program for student nurses (1)]. PMID- 6556425 TI - [Leadership development program for student nurses (2)]. PMID- 6556426 TI - [Discussion: toward reorganization of medicine and nursing]. PMID- 6556427 TI - The contraceptive context: a model for increasing nursing's involvement in family health. PMID- 6556429 TI - Massachusetts Nurses Association position paper on Chapter 372: addressing the issues of incentives and productivity in relation to hospital patient care and services. PMID- 6556428 TI - Maternal tasks of taking-on a second child in the postpartum period. PMID- 6556430 TI - The staff council grievance index. PMID- 6556431 TI - Labor relations in nursing: an overview of past events and suggestions for the future. PMID- 6556432 TI - Past practice concepts in collective bargaining. PMID- 6556433 TI - Nursing behind bars. PMID- 6556434 TI - Anatomy of a staff council. PMID- 6556435 TI - 'Burn-out'--a new name for an old problem. PMID- 6556436 TI - Data analysis for midwives and doctors. PMID- 6556437 TI - The osteopathic approach to obstetrics. PMID- 6556438 TI - Caesarean sections--are rates too high? PMID- 6556439 TI - Caesarean birth and the development of children. PMID- 6556440 TI - Catalytic properties of porcine pancreatic elastase: a steady-state and pre steady-state study. AB - Pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetics for the p.p. elastase-catalysed hydrolysis of ZAlaONp, one of the most favourable substrates for this serine protease, have been studied between pH 4.0 and 8.0. The results are consistent with the minimum three-step mechanism: (formula; see text) Under pre-steady-state conditions, where [E0] much greater than [S0], the values of the dissociation constant of the E X S complex (Ks = k-1/k+1) and of the individual rate constants for the catalytic steps (k+2 and k+3) have been determined over the whole pH range explored. Under steady-state conditions, where [S0] much greater than [E0], the values of kcat and Km have been obtained over the same pH range. The pH profiles of k+2, k+3, k+2/Ks, kcat, kcat/Km reflect the ionization of a group, probably His57, with a pKa value of 6.85 +/- 0.10. The values of Ks and Km are pH independent. The steady-state parameters for the p.p. elastase-catalysed hydrolysis of a number of p-nitrophenyl esters of N-alpha-carbobenzoxy-L-amino acids have been also determined between pH 4.0 and 8.0 and compared with those of b.beta-trypsin and b.alpha-chymotrypsin. For all the substrates examined the acylation step (k+2) is rate limiting in the p.p. elastase catalysis, between pH 4.0 and 8.0. The different catalytic behaviours of p.p. elastase, b.beta-trypsin and b.alpha-chymotrypsin are consistent with the known three-dimensional structures of these serine proteases. PMID- 6556441 TI - A consultation model for nurse specialist practice. PMID- 6556443 TI - Prescribing authority for nurses. PMID- 6556442 TI - Value conflicts in health care organizations. PMID- 6556444 TI - Future nursing administrators: the three-piece suit image. PMID- 6556445 TI - A look at fringe benefits. PMID- 6556446 TI - The fitness revolution: will nurses sit this one out? PMID- 6556447 TI - Fitting fitness into your life. PMID- 6556448 TI - Tarnished or varnished. PMID- 6556449 TI - Message to nursing grads: be sensitive, caring. PMID- 6556450 TI - Predictions. PMID- 6556452 TI - Service-education collaboration in a community health agency. PMID- 6556451 TI - Vanadate and brain adenylate cyclase. Effect of spreading depression. AB - The effect of vanadate on the adenylate cyclase activity of rat cerebral cortex homogenates is described. In the absence of ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 10(-6)M vanadate inhibited enzyme activity by 23%, while 10 (-4) M and 10(-3) M stimulated the enzyme by 14 and 90%, respectively. In the presence of 0.2 mM EGTA, 10 (-6) M to 10(-3) M vanadate had only stimulating effects (18-450%). Additive effects of vanadate and noradrenaline on adenylate cyclase activity suggest different sites of action of these agents. Interaction of vanadate with both fluoride and guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate had an apparently competitive character. Adenylate cyclase maximally stimulated by fluoride (10 mM) was inhibited by vanadate. This inhibitory effect was more pronounced in the absence of EGTA. Adenylate cyclase in the homogenates from the rat cerebral cortex in vivo invaded by spreading depression was slightly increased (up to 38%). This effect was abolished by low (10 (-7) M) vanadate. The results suggest that brain adenylate cyclase is stimulated by vanadate via the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. The mechanism of vanadate's action, its modulation by calcium ions and the possible physiological role of these effects are discussed. PMID- 6556453 TI - Crisis: changing student applicant pools. PMID- 6556454 TI - Nursing diagnosis and the novice student. PMID- 6556455 TI - Educational preparation for nursing--1982. PMID- 6556456 TI - Collaboration and communication. PMID- 6556457 TI - Collaborative practice: developing a structure that works. PMID- 6556458 TI - Understanding the social system in the work environment. PMID- 6556459 TI - A model of participatory management with decentralized authority. PMID- 6556460 TI - The clinical nurse specialist in a multidisciplinary partnership. PMID- 6556461 TI - Unification of nursing education and service. PMID- 6556462 TI - Professional nursing practice in acute care settings. PMID- 6556463 TI - Legal forum. PMID- 6556464 TI - Personal, organizational and managerial factors related to nurse - physician collaboration. PMID- 6556465 TI - Ordeal. PMID- 6556466 TI - Renal hypertension: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6556467 TI - Preventing adolescent suicide. PMID- 6556468 TI - Do's and don'ts of urologic nursing. PMID- 6556469 TI - Performing intradermal skin tests the right way. PMID- 6556470 TI - Guidelines for using artificial breathing devices. PMID- 6556471 TI - Update your knowledge of oral antidiabetic agents. PMID- 6556472 TI - Caring for a special patient. PMID- 6556473 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing assessment. Part 2. PMID- 6556474 TI - Sharing: every group has one. PMID- 6556475 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing assessment. Part 3. PMID- 6556476 TI - Sharing. No need for burnout. PMID- 6556477 TI - Discharge planning: closing the gaps in continuity of care. PMID- 6556478 TI - Supporting the patient with Crohn's disease. Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 6556479 TI - A.R.D.S.: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6556480 TI - Safeguard your elderly patient's health through accurate physical assessment. PMID- 6556481 TI - Helping the elderly live longer--and better. PMID- 6556482 TI - A drug by any other name: your guide to generic and brand names. PMID- 6556483 TI - Your clinical competence: the bottom line in supervising. PMID- 6556484 TI - The seven joys of supervision. PMID- 6556485 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Insurer agrees to cover MDs supervising midwives. PMID- 6556486 TI - Lessening patient stress in the CCU. PMID- 6556487 TI - Proper staffing schedules: a must for coronary care. PMID- 6556488 TI - Critical care orientation programs. PMID- 6556489 TI - Acuity based staffing controls costs. PMID- 6556490 TI - Learning to teach: objectives and evaluations. PMID- 6556491 TI - Art & science of management. On the uses of experience. PMID- 6556492 TI - Do extended shifts satisfy nurses more? PMID- 6556493 TI - Practical management course. Module 5: productivity management: a one to one approach. PMID- 6556494 TI - Safety: acceptable to you? PMID- 6556495 TI - The pneumoconiosis medical panels. PMID- 6556497 TI - Clinical genetics: an overview. PMID- 6556496 TI - RoSPA breaks with tradition. PMID- 6556498 TI - Implications for genetic counseling in frequently seen neuromuscular diseases. PMID- 6556499 TI - Coping with birth defects: how to help. PMID- 6556500 TI - The role of the occupational health nurse in the prevention of birth defects and genetic disorders. PMID- 6556501 TI - Peer review in nursing: specifics for implementation. PMID- 6556502 TI - [Serum and urinary arginine esterase activity studied in childhood kidney diseases]. PMID- 6556503 TI - [Help through the nursing process. The organic structure of the nursing process]. PMID- 6556505 TI - Networking: a tool for strengthening nursing. PMID- 6556504 TI - [Potentials and limits of the day-to-day care of a pediatric nurse]. PMID- 6556506 TI - Education commissioners identify minority needs: recommend future action. PMID- 6556507 TI - Comparable worth. Part II. Defining and measuring job comparability. PMID- 6556508 TI - The nurse as collaborator. PMID- 6556509 TI - The camp nurse's role expands to health teaching for asthmatic children. PMID- 6556510 TI - "I understand you must leave me but I give you up with some anger, for dreams and plans die slowly.". PMID- 6556511 TI - Hospital under siege. PMID- 6556512 TI - The ethics of caring. PMID- 6556513 TI - The part-timers. 1. Using staff to good purpose. PMID- 6556514 TI - The part-timers 2. A practical view. PMID- 6556515 TI - The part-timers. 3. The slip backwards. PMID- 6556516 TI - The health visitor and child assessment. 2. The health visitor's contribution. PMID- 6556518 TI - Accountability in nursing. 7. Where do we stand with doctors? PMID- 6556517 TI - Accountability in nursing. 6. The need for support. PMID- 6556519 TI - Nursing care study: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6556520 TI - Nursing care study: partial thyroidectomy. PMID- 6556521 TI - The capacity for joy. PMID- 6556522 TI - Care of the dying. PMID- 6556524 TI - Theatre nursing. A minor operating theatre. PMID- 6556523 TI - Clean water means life. PMID- 6556525 TI - Theatre nursing. Do we need an administrator? PMID- 6556526 TI - Theatre nursing. Radiation in theatre. PMID- 6556527 TI - Theatre nursing. The effectiveness of surgical skin preparations. PMID- 6556528 TI - A nursing voice at the King's Fund. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6556529 TI - The caring computer. PMID- 6556530 TI - The part-timers. 4. Evening classes in Portsmouth. PMID- 6556531 TI - Me and my ward: Breaking down the barriers. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6556532 TI - Accountability in nursing. 8. Does money make a difference? PMID- 6556533 TI - Accountability in nursing. 9. Grasping the legal nettle. PMID- 6556535 TI - Behaviour modification at Rampton Hospital. PMID- 6556534 TI - Accountability in nursing. 10. Is the midwife accountable. PMID- 6556536 TI - Caring & sharing: very different wards. PMID- 6556537 TI - Alcohol intoxication: diagnostic pitfalls. PMID- 6556538 TI - Nursing care study: mother-baby separation--one of the dangers. PMID- 6556539 TI - Supporting the family. PMID- 6556540 TI - Practising what we preach. PMID- 6556541 TI - Speaking up for the silent minority. Interview by Caroline Howie. PMID- 6556542 TI - At the workface. 1. The OHN and hearing conservation. PMID- 6556544 TI - At the workface. 3. Prevention in practice. PMID- 6556543 TI - At the workface. 2. 'You and your health'. PMID- 6556545 TI - Accountability in nursing. 11. Providing a framework. PMID- 6556546 TI - Accountability in nursing. 12. Primary nursing. PMID- 6556547 TI - Carry on nursing! PMID- 6556549 TI - Predicting blood alcohol concentrations. 1. The theory. PMID- 6556548 TI - Systems of life. No. 106. Setting up the systems--6. PMID- 6556550 TI - Leprosy--a curable disease. 1. PMID- 6556551 TI - The part-timers. 5. Splitting and sharing jobs. PMID- 6556552 TI - To cure sometimes; to comfort always. PMID- 6556554 TI - Black pudding and chip butties. PMID- 6556553 TI - Tutors as health educators. PMID- 6556555 TI - The direct approach. PMID- 6556556 TI - I haven't yet met a redundant nurse. Interview by Caroline Howie. PMID- 6556557 TI - The hidden job losses. PMID- 6556558 TI - Combining computers with caring. PMID- 6556559 TI - Arogya Agam--place of health. PMID- 6556560 TI - Team work. 1. Teaching and teams. PMID- 6556561 TI - Team work. 2. Specialist teaching. PMID- 6556562 TI - Team work. 3. A more fulfilling role. PMID- 6556563 TI - Joint appointments. 1. Building bridges. PMID- 6556564 TI - Joint appointments. 2. Collaboration for a more productive future. PMID- 6556565 TI - Therapeutic abortion and nursing care. PMID- 6556566 TI - Roll over Dr Kildare? PMID- 6556567 TI - Mother and midwife--on the same side. PMID- 6556568 TI - Nursing homes special: having your own front door. PMID- 6556569 TI - Rebels with a cause. PMID- 6556570 TI - Joint appointments. 3. The best of both worlds. PMID- 6556571 TI - Joint appointments. 4. A blueprint for a joint appointment. PMID- 6556572 TI - Spotlight on children. Hospitalisation. 1. The psychotherapist's view. PMID- 6556573 TI - Spotlight on children. Hospitalisation. 2. The child's view. PMID- 6556574 TI - Back on their feet: behavioural techniques for elderly patients. 1. PMID- 6556575 TI - Back on their feet. Predicting problems. PMID- 6556576 TI - Oral history and nursing history. PMID- 6556577 TI - Referrals - whose problem, whose responsibility? PMID- 6556578 TI - Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. PMID- 6556579 TI - Predicting blood alcohol. 2. Taking metabolism into account. PMID- 6556580 TI - Predicting blood alcohol. 3. The effect of food, illness and age. PMID- 6556581 TI - The tip of the lash. PMID- 6556583 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 9. Social skills training. PMID- 6556584 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 9. Actions speak louder than words. PMID- 6556582 TI - Nursing homes special: the twilight zone. PMID- 6556585 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 9. A sense of security. PMID- 6556586 TI - Excited, but apprehensive. PMID- 6556587 TI - Education. 1. Are exams really necessary? PMID- 6556588 TI - Campaign 1983: in case of fire. PMID- 6556589 TI - Law: attempted suicide. PMID- 6556590 TI - Laser therapy. PMID- 6556591 TI - Reorganisation: indecent haste. PMID- 6556592 TI - Management: seeing reality through the myth. PMID- 6556593 TI - Research: overworked, underemployed. PMID- 6556594 TI - Nursing care study: pericardiectomy. PMID- 6556595 TI - Geriatric rehabilitation. PMID- 6556596 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 9. Preconceptual care. PMID- 6556597 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 9. Alcohol in pregnancy: is it safe? PMID- 6556598 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 9. Fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6556599 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. 9. Kate's story. PMID- 6556600 TI - Nursing intensive care group journal. 2. Stress in intensive care. PMID- 6556601 TI - Nursing intensive care care group journal. 2. Tracheo-oesophageal fistula. PMID- 6556602 TI - Nursing intensive care group journal. 2. Myocardial infarction. PMID- 6556603 TI - Nursing intensive care group journal. 2. Sleep deprivation. PMID- 6556604 TI - Hospital report: plums for the picking. PMID- 6556605 TI - Shout at the minister. PMID- 6556607 TI - Law: children in hospital. PMID- 6556606 TI - Post-prostatectomy incontinence. PMID- 6556608 TI - Education. 3. The pitfalls of essay examinations. PMID- 6556609 TI - Psychiatry. 2. The right to be consulted. PMID- 6556610 TI - Research: received with enthusiasm. PMID- 6556611 TI - Matters of conscience: no right to play God. PMID- 6556612 TI - Caring for dying patients. PMID- 6556613 TI - Nursing care study: home from home. PMID- 6556614 TI - Developments in nursing care. PMID- 6556615 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 9. Self-medication in the elderly. PMID- 6556616 TI - Managers' page: may the workforce be with you. PMID- 6556617 TI - Management: the burden of great potential. PMID- 6556618 TI - Healing is a gentle process. PMID- 6556619 TI - Ol' blue eyes. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6556620 TI - Nurses in society: too many options, not enough guidance. PMID- 6556621 TI - You, too, can say it in public. PMID- 6556622 TI - Iveson's opinion: the dream is becoming a nightmare. PMID- 6556623 TI - Nursing care study: inside for 30 years. PMID- 6556624 TI - Midwifery: trial run-continued. PMID- 6556625 TI - Nursing care study: cancer of the colon. PMID- 6556627 TI - School nursing. PMID- 6556626 TI - Uterine adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6556628 TI - Health visitors' association supplement. Prevention is a state of mind. Violence at work. PMID- 6556629 TI - HVA supplement. Prevention is a state of mind. Psychiatric experience. PMID- 6556630 TI - HVA supplement. Prevention is a state of mind. Preconceptual care. PMID- 6556631 TI - HVA supplement. Prevention is a state of mind. Psychosexual aspects of family life. PMID- 6556632 TI - HVA supplement. Prevention is a state of mind. Early intervention and mental handicap. PMID- 6556633 TI - HVA supplement. Prevention is a state of mind. Staffing levels. PMID- 6556635 TI - The National Boards: Bwrdd Cenedlaethol Cymru. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6556634 TI - HVA supplement. Prevention is a state of mind. Make figures inform. PMID- 6556636 TI - Poisoning in children. PMID- 6556637 TI - Non-accidental injury. PMID- 6556638 TI - Nursing care study: a family at breaking point. PMID- 6556639 TI - Haemodialysis--acetate or bicarbonate? PMID- 6556640 TI - A case of mistaken identity. PMID- 6556641 TI - Law: Acceptable risks? PMID- 6556642 TI - Nursing care study: tonsillectomy. PMID- 6556643 TI - Community mental handicap nurses association journal 1. PMID- 6556644 TI - Community mental handicap nurses association journal 1. Home from home. PMID- 6556645 TI - Community mental handicap nurses association journal 1. More than just money. PMID- 6556646 TI - Community mental handicap nurses association journal 1. The challenge of the eighties. PMID- 6556647 TI - Conduct under scrutiny. PMID- 6556648 TI - Ten standard steps to care. PMID- 6556649 TI - Learning from the family. PMID- 6556650 TI - Good eye sight--a natural right. PMID- 6556651 TI - A pawn in a chess game. PMID- 6556652 TI - 'I think I like you'. PMID- 6556653 TI - Renal nursing. PMID- 6556654 TI - The quiet revolution. PMID- 6556655 TI - The educational needs of trained nurses. PMID- 6556656 TI - Variations on a theme. PMID- 6556657 TI - Midwifery in the Third World. PMID- 6556658 TI - Neonatal tetanus. PMID- 6556660 TI - In the best of traditions? PMID- 6556659 TI - The reality behind the statistics. PMID- 6556661 TI - 'There is a woman that wants a baby'. PMID- 6556662 TI - Code of controversy? UKCC code of professional conduct. PMID- 6556663 TI - Community 1. The latch key kids. PMID- 6556664 TI - Call yourself a nurse? PMID- 6556665 TI - From a baddy to a goody. PMID- 6556666 TI - The good, the bad and the different. PMID- 6556667 TI - A & E in USA--OK? PMID- 6556668 TI - Music while you wait. PMID- 6556669 TI - Junk Bay bus to Hope. PMID- 6556670 TI - Responsibility for others' mistakes. PMID- 6556671 TI - Controlling oedema. PMID- 6556672 TI - 'Swedish nurses are kinder, Mummy'. PMID- 6556673 TI - Orientation to an oncology unit. PMID- 6556674 TI - Chemo care: a model of support for chemotherapy patients. PMID- 6556675 TI - Analysis of a concept: hardiness. PMID- 6556676 TI - Measuring the impact of sickness on usual functions of radiation therapy patients. PMID- 6556677 TI - Smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers: a correlational study of nurses in Connecticut. PMID- 6556678 TI - Factors influencing the role of the oncology clinical nurse specialist. PMID- 6556679 TI - The Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses: the first ten years. PMID- 6556681 TI - Report of the task force on certification in oncology nursing. PMID- 6556680 TI - Survey of cancer nursing education in U.S. schools of nursing. PMID- 6556682 TI - Guidelines for nursing care of patients with altered comfort. From the Oncology Nursing Society Clinical Practice Committee. PMID- 6556683 TI - Study designs: definitions and examples. PMID- 6556684 TI - [Bangladesh--the world's next most impoverished country]. PMID- 6556685 TI - [Working in Tanzania]. PMID- 6556686 TI - [School day home--for whom?]. PMID- 6556687 TI - [We play theater]. PMID- 6556688 TI - [Report from a Cuban provincial school]. PMID- 6556690 TI - Symposium on office dermatology. PMID- 6556689 TI - [Health care research as women's research]. PMID- 6556691 TI - Skin disease in the black patient. PMID- 6556692 TI - Common bacterial infections of the skin. PMID- 6556693 TI - Dermatologic diseases of the sexual revolution. Newer aspects and diseases associated with male homosexuality. PMID- 6556694 TI - Basal cell carcinoma. Treatment modalities and recommendations. PMID- 6556695 TI - A practical approach to oral lesions. PMID- 6556696 TI - Topical dermatologic therapy. AB - Topical therapy is a useful and versatile treatment modality which can bring a great deal of satisfaction to the patient with a skin disorder. Understanding the basic principles of skin hydration and emollient therapy can often prevent dermatitis in patients with "sensitive skin" which appears to flare at the slightest provocation. Understanding the underlying principles of topical skin care when prescribing the more potent steroid-containing preparations can make dermatologic therapy effective and rewarding. PMID- 6556697 TI - Special report. Computerized nursing information systems: an urgent need. PMID- 6556698 TI - Quality of life index for patients with cancer. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring the quality of life of cancer patients. Quality of life was measured with 14 linear analogue scale items concerning general physical condition, normal activities, and personal attitudes on general quality of life. The tool was tested with four subject groups: oncology outpatients receiving chemotherapy (43) or radiation therapy (39), oncology inpatients receiving chemotherapy (48), and nonpatient volunteers (48). Test-retest reliability coefficients for these samples ranged from r = .11 to .97, with 52 of the 56 possible r's greater than .60, p less than .01; internal consistency was .88, p less than .01. Construct and discriminant validity were indicated, while concurrent validity between quality of life scores and physician estimates of Karnofsky ratings, prognosis, and quality of life were poor. PMID- 6556699 TI - Development of scales to measure beliefs of diabetic patients. AB - In this article health belief concepts are identified and previous attempts to construct scales for measuring these concepts are critiqued. Using an initial sample of 156 diabetic patients, factor analytic techniques were used to develop measures of the basic concepts of the Health Belief Model. The derived scales from this sample were cross-validated on a second sample of 92 diabetic patients. The scales were tested for unidimensionality, internal and external consistency, and stability across both samples. The application of these scales to nursing research and practice are discussed. PMID- 6556700 TI - How Lamaze-prepared expectant parents select obstetricians. AB - One form of consumer involvement in the health-care process pertains to the selection of a physician. Expectant parents enrolled in prepared childbirth classes were asked to evaluate, individually, the importance of issues associated with selecting an obstetrician, both before and after childbirth. The data indicated that the ability of the obstetrician to communicate effectively with patients was the most important factor; of little importance were factors related to the obstetrician's personal characteristics (e.g., age, sex) and professional training. Although the husband/wife rankings showed a high degree of similarity, some differences were observed: husbands had a greater concern for the wife's treatment by medical personnel, while wives had a greater concern for the husband's involvement in the childbirth process. The obstetrician's office nursing staff was more important than such factors as recommendations, fees, and medical experience. Given the young and involved nature of the sample, these results may represent a future trend in health-care consumers. PMID- 6556701 TI - Asbestos dust 'scandal'. PMID- 6556702 TI - DHSS guidelines on laser safety. PMID- 6556703 TI - Rumours rife of further NHS cuts. PMID- 6556704 TI - Specialised training call. PMID- 6556705 TI - College's "Draft strategic plan': shape of things to come? PMID- 6556706 TI - Guidelines on handling of formaldehyde. PMID- 6556707 TI - Perinatal mortality figures have dropped. PMID- 6556708 TI - Overwhelming endorsement for new College regional structure. PMID- 6556709 TI - Effect of rifampin and oxacillin on the ultrastructure and growth of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rifampin for 12 strains of Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 0.005 microgram/ml to 0.02 microgram/ml, and the minimal antibiotic concentrations (i.e., those that inhibited growth by 90% in comparison with control values) ranged from one-fifth to one-half the MICs. Rifampin alone produced a 1-log (90%) decrease in the staphylococcal population after incubation for 6.5 hr, and the inhibitory effect after removal of the antibiotic lasted for 5 hr. Regardless of whether rifampin was used simultaneously with, before, or after exposure to oxacillin, the latter drug partially or totally prevented the overgrowth of rifampin-resistant staphylococci. The use of this combination in therapy is therefore justified. Staphylococci exposed to rifampin at concentrations equal to three or 20 times the MIC developed a cell wall that was four times thicker than normal and had a peripheral undulated dense layer. The cross walls were also two to 10 times thicker than normal but had a normal central dense zone. Exposure of staphylococci to oxacillin produced large cells with multiple cross walls that underwent autolysis when the organisms were transferred to drug-free medium. When exposure to oxacillin was preceded by exposure to rifampin, cells did not become enlarged. When the large cells produced by oxacillin were transferred to medium containing rifampin, the cross walls did not lyse. PMID- 6556710 TI - Efficacy of antibiotic combinations including rifampin against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Rifampin in combination with other antibiotics has been used successfully in the treatment of serious infections due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. The authors evaluated the efficacy of rifampin in combination with either cephalothin, nafcillin, gentamicin, or vancomycin to determine in vitro synergistic or antagonistic interactions of the combinations and to determine the role of the second antibiotic in preventing the emergence of rifampin-resistant mutants. The authors found that among 10 isolates of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, synergy was found in checkerboard studies (inoculum, 10(5) colony-forming units/ml) for only two isolates and only with nafcillin and rifampin; antagonism was present with one combination for each of four different isolates. Time-kill studies showed each antibiotic capable of preventing the emergence of rifampin resistant mutants for all 10 isolates, but no synergy or antagonism was present. In experimental endocarditis, however, the addition of cephalothin did not prevent the emergence of rifampin-resistant mutants, and rifampin-resistant mutants were as capable of causing endocarditis as were their rifampin-sensitive parents. Thus, rifampin was a bactericidal antibiotic against methicillin resistant S. epidermidis. The benefit of a second antibiotic in vitro was the prevention of the emergence of rifampin-resistant mutants. However, in vivo results with a beta-lactam antibiotic did not confirm in vitro observations. More animal and human studies should be performed with antibiotic combinations including rifampin against methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. PMID- 6556712 TI - [Care giver or teacher? Nurse]. PMID- 6556711 TI - Rifampin treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - Twenty-three patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis were studied retrospectively for assessment of the role of rifampin treatment. Rifampin (900-1,200 mg daily) was administered in combination with either vancomycin or a beta-lactam antibiotic for an average of 38 days. Eight patients also received an aminoglycoside. Infection was cured in 16 (70%) of these patients; i.e., in 13 (87%) of 15 receiving rifampin plus vancomycin and in three (38%) of eight receiving rifampin plus a beta-lactam antibiotic (P = .025). The addition of rifampin to vancomycin regimens resulted in an increase in serum bactericidal activity. The selection of rifampin resistant strains of S. epidermidis during treatment with a combination of antibiotics was noted in two patients with persistent infection. The rates of cure obtained with rifampin-beta-lactam combinations were similar to those obtained with beta-lactam agents alone; however, the cure rates obtained with rifampin plus vancomycin (with or without an aminoglycoside) were encouraging and merit further study. PMID- 6556713 TI - [The thyroid glands: physiology and functional exploration]. PMID- 6556714 TI - [Topical care in dermatology]. PMID- 6556715 TI - [Care of amputees]. PMID- 6556716 TI - [Bronchial fibroscopy]. PMID- 6556718 TI - [Do you fill prescriptions?]. PMID- 6556717 TI - [Long term results of vascular prosthesis in the treatment of aortoiliac stenosing lesions]. PMID- 6556719 TI - [Opinion poll: evaluation and analysis. What the Spanish nursing profession thinks about abortion]. PMID- 6556720 TI - [Functional plaster cast, complications and nursing action]. PMID- 6556721 TI - [Echocardiograms]. PMID- 6556722 TI - [Mortality and birth in Toledo]. PMID- 6556723 TI - [Aging and nutrition. II. Causes of malnutrition in the aged]. PMID- 6556724 TI - [Tomography or scanner (cerebral)]. PMID- 6556725 TI - [Nursing in administration]. PMID- 6556726 TI - [Pilar Lobato: nursing and health promotion. Interview by Juan Irigaray]. PMID- 6556727 TI - [Continuing perioperative education: the 2d stage]. PMID- 6556728 TI - [Nutrition of the elderly]. PMID- 6556730 TI - [Hospice/house of shelter, a new hope]. PMID- 6556729 TI - [Socioeconomic factors and health development]. PMID- 6556732 TI - [Perioperative role: a matter of competence]. PMID- 6556733 TI - [The hospitalized patient. The social problems]. PMID- 6556734 TI - [Nursing and elderly patients with psychosomatic disorders]. PMID- 6556731 TI - [Practical work]. PMID- 6556735 TI - [Hospital urinary infections]. PMID- 6556736 TI - [Women facing health management]. PMID- 6556737 TI - [If the physician is present, is the technical health assistant at fault?]. PMID- 6556738 TI - [Adverse perinatal results]. PMID- 6556739 TI - Watching policy take shape. PMID- 6556741 TI - Canada Health Act. RNABC joins CNA demand: "act needs nurse input". PMID- 6556740 TI - New registration exam policy: let's clear up the confusion. PMID- 6556742 TI - Policy statement. Health care: its need for new directions. PMID- 6556743 TI - Policy statement. The proposed Canada Health Act: where we stand. PMID- 6556745 TI - [The epileptic and others]. PMID- 6556744 TI - The Canada Health Act. PMID- 6556746 TI - [Clinical forms of epilepsy]. PMID- 6556748 TI - [Tests performed in the diagnosis and monitoring of epilepsy]. PMID- 6556749 TI - [Treatment of epilepsy]. PMID- 6556747 TI - [Epidemiology of epilepsy]. PMID- 6556750 TI - [Treatment of the the patient, taking care of the patient and his family. Relationship of the patient with his life environment]. PMID- 6556751 TI - [Management of an epileptic crisis and status epilepticus]. PMID- 6556753 TI - [Epilepsy. A few concepts]. PMID- 6556752 TI - [A case of benign epilepsy in a child]. PMID- 6556754 TI - [Against epilepsy . . . and for the epileptic patient]. PMID- 6556756 TI - [Psychological approach to the patient with epilepsy]. PMID- 6556755 TI - [Educational and preventive action in elementary schools by nursing students in Module 1]. PMID- 6556757 TI - [Immunologic mechanisms of defense against infection]. PMID- 6556758 TI - [Importance of age, sex, and nutritional status in the internal defense against infectious agents]. PMID- 6556759 TI - [Defense mechanisms against foreign substances. Allergies and their manifestations]. PMID- 6556760 TI - [The body's external means of defense]. PMID- 6556761 TI - [Drug hypersensitivity accidents]. PMID- 6556762 TI - [Transfusion reactions]. PMID- 6556763 TI - [Hunger and thirst]. PMID- 6556764 TI - [Confinement]. PMID- 6556765 TI - [Departmentalization]. PMID- 6556766 TI - [The instructional program of the nursing school of martigues]. PMID- 6556767 TI - [The cutaneous cicatrix]. PMID- 6556768 TI - [Non-specific mechanisms of internal defense against infectious agents]. PMID- 6556770 TI - [Angina symptoms and differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6556769 TI - [Angina pectoris--clinical signs]. PMID- 6556771 TI - [Angina pectoris. Methods of exploration]. PMID- 6556772 TI - [Risk factors in angina and their prevention]. PMID- 6556773 TI - [Role of the nurse caring for angina patients]. PMID- 6556774 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation: principles, functioning, monitoring]. PMID- 6556775 TI - [The socioprofessional rehabilitation of patients with cardiac pacemakers]. PMID- 6556776 TI - [Physiopathology of angor]. PMID- 6556777 TI - [The terminal phase in children with leukemia]. PMID- 6556778 TI - [Confidence choice--key question on key task. Representative or delegate?]. PMID- 6556779 TI - [Legislation on health and social services in the community: Norwegian Nurses' Association's viewpoint on the organization of health services]. PMID- 6556780 TI - [Care for the aged and current public attitude]. PMID- 6556781 TI - [Malnutrition in the hospital - a preventable problem]. PMID- 6556782 TI - [Home nursing care - a 24-hour service]. PMID- 6556783 TI - [Consequences for nursing services with the introduction of ADP]. PMID- 6556784 TI - [Enterocutaneous fistula: a dressing problem]. PMID- 6556785 TI - [Untraditional center for temporary psychiatric patients]. PMID- 6556786 TI - [Confidence choice--key question on key task. Collective against individual]. PMID- 6556787 TI - [Good professional environment--but Gaustad should solve its recruiting problems]. PMID- 6556788 TI - [Political helplessness]. PMID- 6556789 TI - [Structural violence towards the aged in institutions]. PMID- 6556790 TI - [Change in pain in old age]. PMID- 6556791 TI - [Needs should be heard!]. PMID- 6556793 TI - [Education of nursing personnel in Iceland]. PMID- 6556792 TI - [Confidence choice--key question on key task. Private interest against common interest?]. PMID- 6556794 TI - [Focus on nursing]. PMID- 6556795 TI - [Primary nursing care in practice. From a study at a patient ward in the Norwegian Radium Hospital]. PMID- 6556796 TI - [Experiences on a general medicine observation ward]. PMID- 6556797 TI - ["Sex and society": Gotland project. A research project in primary health services]. PMID- 6556798 TI - [Nursing shortage in Finnmark]. PMID- 6556800 TI - [Apropos the Vestfold matters: amazing initiative from medical societies]. PMID- 6556799 TI - [Professionals in psychiatry--come forward!]. PMID- 6556801 TI - [Confidence choice--key question on key task. Problem solving or creating problems?]. PMID- 6556802 TI - [Which patients will get priority from politicians?]. PMID- 6556803 TI - [Living and dying with coronary artery disease. An evaluation of intensive treatment and nursing care in acute coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6556805 TI - [Compensation for driving in home nursing]. PMID- 6556804 TI - [Psychiatry in Italy today]. PMID- 6556806 TI - [You get more than you give!]. PMID- 6556807 TI - [Confidence choice--key questions on key tasks. Opposition or loyalty?]. PMID- 6556808 TI - [Nursing and crisis in care for the aged]. PMID- 6556809 TI - [The Falck problem. Disorganization in the system with from whence to summon an ambulance]. PMID- 6556810 TI - [Executive Board. Clear signals on political regulation of work stoppage]. PMID- 6556811 TI - [Hoax follows upon falsification of history]. PMID- 6556812 TI - [Break with our health policy's goal setting]. PMID- 6556813 TI - [Child health. TV as a risk factor in the child's motor and language development]. PMID- 6556814 TI - [The scientific ethics committees continue]. PMID- 6556815 TI - [Pension assessment. Legislation does not answer proposed goal]. PMID- 6556816 TI - [Ambulance system. Teachers of heart massage such as anesthesiologists disassociate themselves from it]. PMID- 6556817 TI - [Ambulance system. Having to wait 35 minutes for a Falck ambulance]. PMID- 6556818 TI - [Series of articles on ambulance services gave rise to wide debate]. PMID- 6556819 TI - [Focus on ethics in practice and research]. PMID- 6556820 TI - [Health services for the Danish minority in Slesvig]. PMID- 6556822 TI - [Reductions. Economics which create fear for patient's life]. PMID- 6556821 TI - [Scandinavian ethical guidelines for nursing research]. PMID- 6556823 TI - [Open letter. As a nurse should one wonder what will happen today?]. PMID- 6556824 TI - [Health services are a reflection of attitudes]. PMID- 6556825 TI - [Waiting departments. Emergency solution for waiting patients under heavy criticism]. PMID- 6556827 TI - [Executive Board. Now we foresee problems with employment]. PMID- 6556826 TI - [Waiting departments. Waiting patients are a neglected and ignored group]. PMID- 6556828 TI - [Unemployment fund. Independent work or merely extra source of income?]. PMID- 6556829 TI - [Education. Professionally relevant practice time with aid to refugees]. PMID- 6556830 TI - [Year's end. Examination regulations have no individual consideration for patients]. PMID- 6556831 TI - [Travel letter. Unfamiliar with the profession but understood the use of health visitors]. PMID- 6556832 TI - Directions for nursing education in Texas 1983-1995: an operational plan. PMID- 6556833 TI - [The results of budgeting for nursing. Do we budget or are we being budgeted?]. PMID- 6556834 TI - [Z-nursing: goals, contents and methods]. PMID- 6556835 TI - [How competent are nurses? A test to delineate the competency area of nurses in the framework of the B.I.G. (Professions within the Individual Health Care) legislation]. PMID- 6556836 TI - [Community-oriented child psychiatry]. PMID- 6556837 TI - [Change of viewpoint - a choice from attainability]. PMID- 6556838 TI - [Methodical care in Z-nursing. Nursing process in the care of mentally retarded]. PMID- 6556839 TI - [A plea for the integration of physical aspects in nursing education]. PMID- 6556840 TI - [This is how patients can feel]. PMID- 6556841 TI - [Nursing identity and nursing professional practice]. PMID- 6556842 TI - [Nursing care of the Parkinson patient]. PMID- 6556843 TI - [A plea for the integration of physical aspects in nursing education. 2. Physical aspects in the process of convalescence]. PMID- 6556844 TI - [Psychiatric diagnosis and the DSM-III]. PMID- 6556845 TI - [What is wrong with nursing? A quantitative approach to the personnel problem in the nursing sector]. PMID- 6556846 TI - [Initiation group: building stones for a progressive health policy]. PMID- 6556848 TI - [The nursing assistant - the drudge of the nurse?]. PMID- 6556847 TI - [A plea for the integration of physical aspects in nursing education. 3. Requirements for a correct attitude of the nurse in reference to physical aspects]. PMID- 6556849 TI - [Today's male nurse tomorrow's director]. PMID- 6556850 TI - [Integrated approach: brain lesions following head trauma]. PMID- 6556851 TI - [Nursing care of patients with brain lesions following head trauma]. PMID- 6556852 TI - [Integrated approach: brain lesions following head trauma. What appeared to be a brain concussion...]. PMID- 6556853 TI - [Brain injuries - V.R.I.N. (Society for Rehabilitation Centers in the Netherlands) - L.R.O. (National Rehabilitation Education) a strange combination?]. PMID- 6556854 TI - [Budgeting, quality and work organization in nursing]. PMID- 6556855 TI - [Assistance in the home situation by nurses from the hospital]. PMID- 6556856 TI - [Significance of the kinin system in the pathogenesis of myopia]. PMID- 6556857 TI - Empowering the no longer patient. PMID- 6556858 TI - Nursing families in crisis: protecting yourself. PMID- 6556859 TI - Crisis management for families living with chronic illness. PMID- 6556860 TI - Movements, cooperation and empowering: forces in the field of nursing care. PMID- 6556861 TI - Primary nursing: a recipe for implementation. PMID- 6556862 TI - Compliance and participation concepts in nursing practice. PMID- 6556863 TI - Perioperative nursing/a matter of survival. PMID- 6556864 TI - Nursing in transition: new structures, new practices and new consumer responses. PMID- 6556865 TI - Crisis management for patients/families experiencing acute physiological crisis (burn/trauma). PMID- 6556866 TI - Impotence - an update for nurses. PMID- 6556867 TI - Who cares about women and children? PMID- 6556868 TI - Teacher role behaviors in a nontraditional, baccalaureate nursing program. PMID- 6556869 TI - Have car seat, will travel: a child car safety program. PMID- 6556870 TI - Advocating care for the cesarean couple. PMID- 6556871 TI - High-risk parenting: portfolio for success or failure. PMID- 6556872 TI - Spotlight on Virginia's maternal-child health nurses. PMID- 6556873 TI - An overview of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--the disease and related anesthetic considerations. PMID- 6556874 TI - The effectiveness of cimetidine as a preoperative medication in increasing gastric pH and decreasing gastric volume in obese patients. PMID- 6556875 TI - Outpatient anesthesia with nalbuphine hydrochloride. PMID- 6556876 TI - A case approach: anesthetic techniques and considerations for free tissue transfer and extremity replantation. PMID- 6556877 TI - A method of intubation for cervical spine injured patients. PMID- 6556878 TI - Dantrolene sodium and management of malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 6556879 TI - The AANA's amicus curiae brief. PMID- 6556880 TI - Post-care patient questionnaire; a tool to measure the quality of nursing care. PMID- 6556881 TI - Nursing and the Canada Health Act. PMID- 6556882 TI - What! You work where? PMID- 6556883 TI - Thinking of blowing the whistle? PMID- 6556884 TI - Vaginal delivery after C-section. PMID- 6556885 TI - Assessing peripheral vascular disease at the bedside. PMID- 6556886 TI - Assessing peripheral vascular disease. Noninvasive testing. PMID- 6556887 TI - After pneumonectomy. PMID- 6556888 TI - Radiation. Alternative to mastectomy. PMID- 6556889 TI - Early-stage breast cancer. What do women know about treatment choices? PMID- 6556891 TI - Trials of an S.N. PMID- 6556890 TI - Developing empathy with co-workers. PMID- 6556892 TI - Cigarette smoking and lung destruction. Accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs of cigarette smokers. AB - It has been hypothesized that lung destruction in persons with emphysema associated with cigarette smoking is mediated by elastase released by neutrophils that have migrated to the alveolar structures in response to cigarette smoke. To directly evaluate this hypothesis, cell suspensions, isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and from open lung biopsies of nonsmokers and cigarette smokers with normal lung parenchyma and from open lung biopsies of nonsmokers and cigarette smokers who have sarcoidosis were evaluated for the presence of neutrophils. A significantly increased number of neutrophils was present in the cell suspensions isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and from open lung biopsies of both normal and sarcoid cigarette smokers compared with that in the nonsmokers (p less than 0.01, each comparison). Evaluation of the alveolar macrophages present in lavage fluid suggested a mechanism by which neutrophils may be attracted to the lungs of cigarette smokers: alveolar macrophages of cigarette smokers release a chemotactic factor for neutrophils, whereas alveolar macrophages of nonsmokers do not. In addition, alveolar macrophages of nonsmokers, after exposure to cigarette smoke, in vitro, are stimulated to release this chemotactic factor. These studies demonstrate that an increased number of neutrophils are present in the lungs of cigarette smokers compared with that in nonsmokers and suggest that cigarette smoke may attract neutrophils to the lung by stimulating alveolar macrophages to release a potent chemotactic factor for neutrophils. PMID- 6556893 TI - Insurers' policies for reimbursement boost day surgery. PMID- 6556894 TI - If you're looking for a bargain, come to AORN. PMID- 6556895 TI - In vitro fertilization: hope for childless couples. PMID- 6556896 TI - Resolving infertility: an emotional crisis. PMID- 6556897 TI - Microvascular reconstructive surgery: free tissue transfer. PMID- 6556898 TI - OR nurse's role during flap transfer. PMID- 6556899 TI - Patients at risk for nosocomial infections. AB - The perioperative nurse plans interventions that will supplement the patient's body defense mechanisms against infection. While not all risks can be eliminated, they can be reduced. PMID- 6556900 TI - Parental presence in the recovery room. PMID- 6556901 TI - Teaching children through play therapy. PMID- 6556902 TI - Vanadate affects glucose metabolism of human erythrocytes. AB - Vanadate causes a rapid breakdown of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in intact erythrocytes. This metabolite is nearly stoichiometrically transformed into pyruvate, which changes the cell redox state and enhances the glycolytic flux. The results show that the vanadate effect on 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate, also evident in hemolysates, is attributable to the stimulation of a phosphatase activity of the phosphoglycerate mutase. In agreement with others (J. Carreras, F. Climent, R. Bartrons, and G. Pons (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 705, 238-242), vanadate is thought to destabilize the phosphoryl form of this enzyme which shows competitive inhibition between the ion and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate in the mutase reaction. A competitive inhibition between vanadate and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate is also found for phosphoglucomutase, without evidence for phosphatase activity toward the bisphosphate cofactor. PMID- 6556903 TI - Registered nurse statistics in Arizona. PMID- 6556904 TI - Anticipated turnover among nursing staff. PMID- 6556905 TI - A staffing system for dialysis facilities based on patient acuity. PMID- 6556906 TI - A comparison of pediatric home peritoneal dialysis modalities: the family view point. PMID- 6556907 TI - Complications and failures in five years of CAPD. PMID- 6556909 TI - Successful utilization of subclavian catheters for hemodialysis and apheresis access. PMID- 6556908 TI - Nursing management of the new dialyzer syndrome. PMID- 6556910 TI - Adaptation to home dialysis: the use of CAPD and CCPD in infants and small children. PMID- 6556911 TI - Speaking out: a question of apartheid. PMID- 6556912 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of fetal disorders. Part II: Issues and implications. PMID- 6556913 TI - The effects of maternal position on uterine contractility and efficiency. PMID- 6556914 TI - Childbirth educators in the 1980s: a survey of 25 veterans. PMID- 6556915 TI - A volunteer labor coach program at a county hospital. Pictorial assay. PMID- 6556916 TI - Properties and subcellular localization of elastase-like activities of arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - The properties and subcellular localization of the elastase-like activities of smooth muscle cells cultured from pig aortas have been investigated. Homogenates of the cells hydrolysed N-succinyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine-p-nitroanilide, a synthetic substrate for elastases, with a distinct pH optimum of 8.2 and hydrolysed insoluble elastin with a distinct pH optimum of 8.5. Both enzyme activities were directly proportional to the concentration of homogenate in the assay mixture. The activities toward both substrates were inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and were therefore probably due to a serine peptidase(s). The activities were also inhibited by EDTA and, in a dose-related manner, by alpha 1-antiprotease. Pepstatin, which inhibits cathepsin D, and leupeptin, which inhibits cathepsin B, did not significantly inhibit the elastase like activities in these cells. The cells were homogenized and a post-nuclear supernatant subjected to sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The distribution of elastase-like activity toward both substrates was similar to that of the plasma membrane marker 5'-nucleotidase, and distinct from those of marker enzymes for the other organelles. Cells were also homogenized with digitonin, which selectively increases the equilibrium density of the plasma membrane. The equilibrium densities of both 5'-nucleotidase and of the elastase-like activities were increased considerably, confirming the plasma membrane localization of the elastase-like activities. The subcellular localization of the elastase-like activities of arterial smooth muscle cells is therefore consistent with a role for them in the degradation of elastin in the normal arterial wall and in atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 6556918 TI - Current developments in Irish nursing. PMID- 6556917 TI - [Effect of vanadate on Ca++-activation in skeletal muscle]. AB - Vanadate (0.1 mM) reduces tension of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers, shifts tension--pCa curve to lower pCa, increases the rate constant of delayed tension development and changes dependence of this rate constant on the level of Ca2+-activation. Vanadate influence stops the increase of the rate constant with the rise of Ca++-activated tension. Since actin-myosin-ADP complex is dissociated by vanadate, the muscle performance at low activation levels is supposed to be conditioned largely by the cross-bridges interacting with actin of the actin blocks switched on by myosin-ADP. Kinetics of such cross-bridges differs from that of the cross bridges interacting with actin activated by Ca++ binding to troponin C. PMID- 6556919 TI - The order in Kerry. PMID- 6556920 TI - The little sisters of the poor and the vow of hospitality. PMID- 6556921 TI - Granada village. PMID- 6556923 TI - The charism of hospitality--source of the Order's identity. PMID- 6556922 TI - Psychological research in the order of St. John of God in Ireland. PMID- 6556924 TI - The price of compassion. PMID- 6556925 TI - Alternative Providers ease fiscal dilemma. PMID- 6556926 TI - Negotiator recounts Medi-Cal influence. PMID- 6556927 TI - Hospice care challenges patients, families & nurses. PMID- 6556928 TI - Editorial: some thoughts on system installation--high technology and high touch. PMID- 6556929 TI - Computers in nursing practice. The IBM patient care system. PMID- 6556930 TI - Computers in nursing research. Improve your research presentation: produce slides with a color microcomputer. PMID- 6556931 TI - Effects of luminal pH and luminal HCO3 on CI-HCO3 exchange across turtle urinary bladder. AB - The Cl-HCO3 exchange rate across turtle urinary bladder was studied by measuring the net flux of 36Cl in paired tissues. Serosal bicarbonate concentration and pH were held constant (10 mM and 7.6, respectively) while luminal composition was altered. The rate of net chloride absorption was the same at a luminal pH of 5 or 7 and at luminal HCO-3 concentrations of 0 and 10 mM. These results indicate that the affinity of the exchanger for luminal Cl- is much higher than that for luminal HCO-3 or OH-. Vanadate, an inhibitor of a number of ATPases, had no significant effect on chloride absorption. PMID- 6556933 TI - Nursing the patient with AIDS. PMID- 6556932 TI - Understanding AIDS. PMID- 6556934 TI - Nursing diagnosis or nursing judgment? PMID- 6556935 TI - Reducing hospital-related stress in parents of children with cancer. PMID- 6556936 TI - Detecting ventricular arrhythmias in the CCU. PMID- 6556937 TI - One-parent families: helping them cope. PMID- 6556938 TI - Occupational health and safety: the key to society's future. PMID- 6556939 TI - Caring in the workplace: the OHN can tip the scales. PMID- 6556940 TI - A case of discrimination. PMID- 6556941 TI - Northern magic? a sneak preview. Coming to terms with the reality. PMID- 6556942 TI - Nursing meets the computer challenge. PMID- 6556943 TI - Community-based geriatric assessment: the new wave of the future. Interview by Jane Wilson. PMID- 6556944 TI - Preadmission assessment of the elderly. PMID- 6556945 TI - At-home support, a new dimension in care of the elderly. PMID- 6556946 TI - DES: a living legacy what can nurses do about it? PMID- 6556947 TI - Gold therapy and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6556948 TI - What makes an excellent practising nurse? And how can administrators help? PMID- 6556949 TI - Humoral and cellular immune reactions against tumor cells in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. Correlation between direct and antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Serum IgG fractions from a large and homogeneous group of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (TCC) were tested for their capacity to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with lymphocytes from healthy donors against a TCC-derived target cell and one derived from adenocarcinoma of the colon. Both targets have previously been shown to be of comparable susceptibility to cell-mediated lysis in vitro. Some of the IgG preparations showed strong and dose-dependent ADCC against either one or both targets, while others gave weak reactions or none at all. Similar results were obtained with IgG from a matched group of patients with prostatic carcinoma who were used as clinical controls (CC). In parallel experiments, lymphocytes taken from the two donor groups at the same time as the serum samples were tested for their direct cytotoxicity (CMC) against the two targets. CMC gave similar results to ADCC. The differences in cytotoxicity displayed by either IgG or lymphocytes from individual donors were analysed statistically, using nonparametric statistics. To avoid introducing bias due to arbitrary data selection, the entire set of results, comprising both high and low reactors, was included in the statistical assessment. ADCC of the TCC donors' IgG against the TCC target was significantly stronger than against the colon carcinoma and also significantly stronger than that of the control donors. Similarly, the TCC patients' lymphocytes displayed a significantly higher CMC against the TCC target than against the control targets. This was not seen when the lymphocytes from the patients with prostatic carcinoma were tested. When CMC and ADCC of individual donors were compared, a statistically significant correlation between these activities was seen in three of the four donor/target combinations. These results support earlier findings and suggest that a significant fraction of both the disease-related and the 'non-selective' CMC (NK) displayed by cancer patients lymphocytes against allogeneic tumor cells in vitro reflects antibody-dependent reactions. PMID- 6556952 TI - Frequency of large granular lymphocytes in peripheral blood of healthy persons and breast cancer patients. AB - The frequency of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) in the peripheral blood of healthy persons (n = 56) and breast cancer patients (31 cases with stage-I and II disease and 42 cases with stage-III and -IV disease) was studied. The frequency of LGL in peripheral blood was significantly depressed in cancer patients, and particularly in patients with advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6556951 TI - Heterogeneity of primary and metastatic human malignant melanoma as detected with monoclonal antibodies in cryostat sections of biopsies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were generated against established melanoma cell lines and characterized by their reactivity with various sublines. The antibodies selected for their reaction with melanoma-associated antigens were tested on cryostat sections of melanoma tissue from various stages and on other tumors. The reactivity with normal tissues was also determined. Of 30 antibodies reacting with melanoma cell lines 11 did not react with melanoma biopsies. Of the remaining 19 antibodies nine displayed broad cross-reactivity with normal cells and structures and other benign or malignant tumor cells. Among the remaining antibodies five types were defined that detected antigens (nevocellular I, nevocellular II, neural, endothelial, basal cell) found on certain normal tissues and structures and on certain tumor phenotypes. Even though there seems to be a tendency for some antigens to be preferentially associated with certain stages of melanoma, it has not yet been possible to establish any clear-cut correlation between the expression of one of the differentiation antigens and a particular stage or malignancy potential of melanoma. PMID- 6556950 TI - Nature of antigens and antibodies in immune complexes isolated by staphylococcal protein A from plasma of melanoma patients. AB - Immune complexes (IC) were isolated from plasma of melanoma patients by absorption to staphylococcal protein A and subsequent elution with MgCl2. The isolated ICs were purified by precipitation with polyethylene glycol and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation after radioiodination with 125I. The purified ICs were dissociated and radiolabeled antigen/antibody components were separated by ultracentrifugation at low pH (2.6). Under these conditions, about 72% radioactivity of the purified IC remained in the light-density region as a wide band. After neutralization, 26%-60% radioactivity in the region of 5S sedimentation bound to immobilized autologous immunoglobulins, as opposed to a maximum of 23% to immobilized immunoglobulins from human normal serum. Significant levels (73%-77%) of radioactivity in 7S region bound to rabbit anti human IgG immunobeads. Immunoprecipitation of the antigen fraction by allogeneic anti-melanoma and rabbit anti-melanoma antibodies followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a fetal antigen (FA) and a melanoma tumor-associated antigen (TAA). In addition, the presence of auto-antigen(s) was indicated by using autologous antibody in immunoprecipitation. Immunoglobulins (IgG) isolated from purified IC bound to cultured melanoma, sarcoma, and normal fibroblasts, although the binding to sarcoma and normal fibroblasts could be inhibited by preincubation of isolated IgG with soluble FA but not with soluble melanoma TAA. Thus, results of this investigation provide evidence that circulating IC in melanoma patients are composed of at least IgG and different antigens, and some of these antigens are produced by their tumor. PMID- 6556953 TI - Purification and some properties of kallikreins from human urine and pancreas. PMID- 6556954 TI - Immunological relationships of the glandular kallikreins. PMID- 6556955 TI - [The education of white nurses in psychiatry in the Republic of South Africa - an evaluation study]. PMID- 6556956 TI - [A future for chronic mental patients]. PMID- 6556957 TI - Lets help the breastfeeding revival. PMID- 6556958 TI - [Mr. Smith teaches us something]. PMID- 6556959 TI - Temporary pacing. PMID- 6556961 TI - Nursing roles: use it or lose it. PMID- 6556960 TI - [Nursing care plan for a patient with pre-eclampsia]. PMID- 6556962 TI - [Drug administration and the nurse. Various pharmacokinetic aspects]. PMID- 6556963 TI - [Curriculum development for the comprehensive generic nursing program]. PMID- 6556964 TI - Stoma care is our affair for the senior citizens everywhere. PMID- 6556965 TI - [The image of nursing: public, professional and personal implications]. PMID- 6556966 TI - [A study of various factors influencing breast feeding in primigravidas and secundigravidas whose delivery was performed in the Bloemfontein University Hospital]. PMID- 6556967 TI - Nursing education as adult education: a philosophical standpoint. PMID- 6556968 TI - Achieving professionalism. PMID- 6556969 TI - [The career pattern of nurses]. PMID- 6556970 TI - The occupational health nurse in Natal. PMID- 6556971 TI - [Teaching of nursing management]. PMID- 6556972 TI - [Psychogeriatric group nursing]. PMID- 6556973 TI - Development of community health services for the Arab village population in Israel. PMID- 6556974 TI - Preparation of children for hospitalisation at the Johannesburg Hospital. PMID- 6556975 TI - [The Apgar score as birth index. A comparative study of its application in local and overseas hospital]. PMID- 6556976 TI - [The plasmapheresis unit of the Johannesburg Hospital]. PMID- 6556977 TI - Characteristics of a benign subtype of dense deposit disease: comparison with the progressive form of this disease. AB - Pathologic, clinical and serum complement studies were performed on 18 patients with dense deposit disease (DDD). The patients were divided into 3 groups: group A (10 patients who developed end-stage renal failure within 2.9 +/- 1.0 years of onset) group B (3 patients who developed elevated serum creatinines within 6.8 +/ 4.8 years of onset) and group C (5 patients with no evidence of renal insufficiency after 11.0 +/- 1.4 years of follow-up). Renal biopsies from all patients showed intramembranous, electron-dense deposits in glomerular capillary basement membranes. Most group A and B patients presented with a nephritic and/or nephrotic syndrome and followed an active clinical course. In contrast, group C patients presented with either a nephrotic syndrome or asymptomatic proteinuria +/- hematuria and followed a benign course. Sera from group A and B patients contained reduced concentrations of C3 and factor B and large amounts of C3 nephritic factor (NeF) activity. In contrast, serum of group C patients contained normal amounts of C3 and factor B and low levels of C3 NeF activity. These studies show that some patients with DDD (group C) have a benign illness and that they can be identified by serum levels of C3, factor B and C3 NeF activity. PMID- 6556978 TI - [On teaching nursing processes. 2. Clinical instructions]. PMID- 6556979 TI - [Nursing action which hinders psychological development of patients--examples at Maki Hospital]. PMID- 6556980 TI - [Traditions in nursing--Miss Kassai and her students. 3]. PMID- 6556981 TI - [Phenomenology and the nurse--a trial at an educational scene]. PMID- 6556982 TI - [A thought on nursing education--at closing of the Hokkaido University School of nursing]. PMID- 6556983 TI - Old people: falls in homes. PMID- 6556984 TI - Exercise: fitness in old age. PMID- 6556985 TI - Child abuse: what can the HV do? PMID- 6556986 TI - Pressure sores: what goes on? PMID- 6556987 TI - Smoking: stopping them starting. PMID- 6556988 TI - Smoking: giving up smoking. PMID- 6556989 TI - Smoking: the Smokestop idea. PMID- 6556990 TI - Smoking: the group. PMID- 6556991 TI - Writing the nursing curriculum vita. PMID- 6556993 TI - The legal liabilities of critical care: negligence--part III. PMID- 6556994 TI - EKG of the month: hypokalemia. PMID- 6556992 TI - Pediatric neurological assessment. PMID- 6556995 TI - Participative management: a contribution to professionalism. PMID- 6556996 TI - Seizure disorders in the neonate. PMID- 6556997 TI - Arrhythmia quiz. PMID- 6556998 TI - Meconium aspiration syndrome in the newborn. PMID- 6556999 TI - Reviewing emergency procedures. PMID- 6557000 TI - Pathophysiology of thyroid storm: nursing implications. PMID- 6557002 TI - Nursing diagnoses and care plans in critical care. PMID- 6557003 TI - Molecular biology of egg maturation. PMID- 6557001 TI - Antiseptic use in wound management. PMID- 6557004 TI - Molecular biology of egg maturation. Introduction. PMID- 6557005 TI - Vitamin carrier proteins during embryonic development in birds and mammals. AB - Egg maturation in oviparous vertebrates involves the hepatic synthesis, secretion, and deposition in the developing oocyte of several maternal proteins with specific nutrient carrier function. Thus, in the chicken, adequate yolk deposition of riboflavin, thiamin, etc. is obligatorily mediated by carrier proteins specific to each vitamin. Like vitellogenin, these are oestrogen inducible specific gene products. Despite differences in patterns of embryonic development in mammals vis-a-vis oviparous species, immunologically and biochemically similar maternal vitamin carriers participate in the transplacental transport and fetal accumulation of these vitamins during gestation in the rat. The rodent riboflavin and thiamin carrier proteins are also oestrogen-induced maternal proteins of hepatic origin. Their functional importance in fetal development was established by in vivo passive immunoneutralization of the endogenous proteins, which precipitated fetal wastage leading to pregnancy termination, due to curtailment of the vitamin supply to the fetuses. Similarly, active immunization of female rats with the vitamin carrier proteins led to early fetal resorption without interference with maternal health, cyclicity and fecundity. The discovery of similar gestation-specific carrier proteins in higher mammals and humans suggests that carrier-mediated vitamin delivery mechanisms ensuring embryonic growth have been conserved during evolution. PMID- 6557006 TI - Somatic control of protein synthesis in mammalian oocytes during maturation. AB - The extent to which signals from the follicular compartment regulate protein synthesis in sheep oocytes is considered. Evidence is derived from experiments on the control of actin synthesis and also from a quantitative analysis of protein synthesis in oocytes matured in follicles in which specific somatic signals have been altered. Actin represents about 10% of the total protein synthesized by oocytes enclosed by follicle cells but under 2% in denuded oocytes. Although follicle cells synthesize and release actin, no evidence of its uptake into oocytes has been obtained. Instead, the results suggest that regulatory signals of somatic origin are transmitted directly into the oocyte by intercellular transport. A variety of cell types in addition to those of follicular origin support actin synthesis in oocytes, provided only that functional communication between the somatic and germinal compartment is maintained. Finally, the results on precursor uptake, actin turnover and RNA inhibition, and those of Dawn Giebelhaus on actin mRNA measurements, indicate that the somatic signals act on post-transcriptional events, possibly by influencing the mobilization of stored actin message. The selective inhibition of 17 alpha-hydroxylase in follicles depresses oestrogen and androgen and enhances progesterone biosynthesis. These steroid alterations, if induced during the first 8 h of maturation, lead to developmental abnormalities at fertilization. In addition, these steroidogenic changes alter the synthesis of a small number of acidic proteins in the maturing oocyte. It is postulated that steroid signals regulate the synthesis of certain proteins associated specifically with maturation. PMID- 6557007 TI - The legacy from the oocyte and its role in controlling early development of the mouse embryo. AB - Mouse embryogenesis from ovulation to the early two-cell stage is controlled at a post-transcriptional level by components of the egg assembled during oogenesis and, in some cases, sequestered in an inactive form. These molecular changes appear to be under dual control. The terminal stages of oogenesis initiate a programme of sequential activation of previously untranslated mRNAs and post translational modifications of pre-existing and newly synthesized polypeptides. Superimposed upon this programme is a sequence of events set in train by fertilization. The earliest of these events that we have detected is a post translational modification(s). This is followed closely by the activation and translation of new species of mRNA(s). We suggest that the oocyte programme controls the general 'housekeeping' functions of the cell and that the transition to the fertilized state may be initiated at the post-translational level and lead to other 'fertilization-specific' changes that influence processes later in development. The transition from maternal (post-transcriptional) to embryonic (transcriptional) control of development occurs at the early two-cell stage and involves two periods of transcriptional activity closely coupled to translation. In contrast, the maternal mRNAs show an abrupt decline in stability during the two-cell stage. However, many of their polypeptide products appear to persist undegraded until at least the morula stage. PMID- 6557008 TI - The oocyte as a secretory cell. AB - Xenopus laevis oocytes secrete a large variety of foreign secretory proteins after the microinjection of mRNA or DNA. Two classes of such proteins are discussed in detail. These are the chick oviduct proteins ovalbumin and lysozyme, and the mouse MOPC 21 immunoglobulin. The injection of mRNAs for mouse immunoglobulin heavy or light chain leads to the synthesis, segregation, but not secretion of the encoded proteins unless the two mRNAs are simultaneously or sequentially injected into the same oocytes. Chicken ovalbumin and lysozyme are synthesized and secreted from oocyte after the injection of either oviduct mRNA or cloned DNA (ovalbumin). The secreted lysozyme is exported considerably faster than ovalbumin; however, 40% of the lysozyme synthesized cannot be secreted and, after fractionation of oocytes on sucrose gradients, is found in a higher density position than ovalbumin. No competition at the level of secretion or translation was noted when different amounts of immunoglobulin and ovalbumin mRNAs were injected into oocytes. However, the co-injection of ovalbumin mRNA and mRNAs encoding anti-ovalbumin immunoglobins resulted in the formation of a complex of the two types of protein within the oocyte. In these circumstances, secretion of the immunoglobulin was severely reduced. PMID- 6557009 TI - Induction of chromosome replication during maturation of amphibian oocytes. AB - After fertilization amphibian embryos replicate their chromosomes faster than bacteria replicate their much smaller chromosomes. During oogenesis, materials are accumulated to sustain these rapid cycles of chromosome replication. Thus growth is uncoupled from nuclear division. Most of the machinery for DNA replication and chromatin assembly is present in the oocyte, which lacks only the ability to initiate on a DNA duplex. After maturation and activation a cell cycle clock is triggered which specifies initiation of DNA replication on endogenous chromosomes, injected nuclei or injected plasmid DNA. The ability to reinitiate replication of a replicated molecule is tightly coupled to the cell cycle clock. Each egg can replicate an amount of DNA equivalent to 500 diploid nuclei in only five hours. However, each egg can assemble an amount of purified DNA equivalent to 12 000 diploid nuclei into regularly spaced nucleosomes in only one hour. The molecular basis of these extraordinary rates of DNA replication and chromatin assembly is considered. PMID- 6557010 TI - Retroviruses and mouse embryos: a model system in which to study gene expression in development and differentiation. AB - Early mouse embryos exposed to Moloney leukaemia virus (M-MuL V) produce substrains of mice, designated Mov-1 to Mov-14, that transmit the virus genetically from one generation to the next. In some substrains the inserted viral genome becomes activated at specific stages of embryogenesis and the available evidence suggests that these viral genomes are developmentally regulated. The effect of cellular differentiation on virus expression was investigated by introducing M-MuL V into preimplantation or postimplantation mouse embryos, or into embryonal carcinoma cells (EC cells) in tissue culture. Whereas preimplantation embryos or EC cells did not permit virus expression, efficient replication occurred in postimplantation embryos or in differentiated cells. The viral genomes introduced into early embryos were highly methylated and non-infectious when analysed in the adult. In contrast, viral genomes introduced into postimplantation embryos remained unmethylated and were infectious in a transfection assay. Similarly, de novo methylation occurred in undifferentiated EC cells but not in differentiated derivatives. These results demonstrate an efficient de novo methylation activity which appears to be involved in the repression of genes introduced into pluripotent embryonic cells and is not observed in cells of the postimplantation embryo or in differentiated cells growing in culture. Integration of M-MuL V into the germ line can lead to recessive lethal mutations. This has been shown for the Mov-13 substrain, as animals homozygous at the Mov-13 locus die between Days 13 and 14 of embryogenesis. This suggests that viral integration occurred in a chromosomal region that is active during, and crucial for, embryonic development. PMID- 6557011 TI - Higher-order structural determinants for expression of the ovalbumin gene family. AB - The ovalbumin gene and the ovalbumin-related X and Y genes are expressed in the chicken oviduct in response to steroid hormones. These three genes are linked within a 100 kb domain of DNA which is preferentially sensitive to DNase I digestion in oviduct cell nuclei. No such preferential sensitivity to DNase is observed in nuclei isolated from other chicken tissues in which these genes are not transcribed. Thus, the DNase I sensitivity observed is correlated with the capacity for these genes to be expressed in oviduct. We have asked the question: are there specific signals in the DNA which are responsible for defining this domain or for conferring upon it the active, DNase I-sensitive, conformation? We have located DNA sequences belonging to a single repetitive DNA family, termed CR1, which are preferentially located in or near the boundary regions of the 100 kb domain. Therefore, these CR1 sequences are possible candidates for such a function. We have also searched for, but have not observed, any tissue-specific rearrangements of the DNA in the boundary regions of the domain. It is therefore unlikely that DNA rearrangements are involved in establishing the DNase I sensitive domain in oviduct cells. However, we do note that a region at the far 3' end of the domain exhibits a cytidine methylation pattern which is highly variable among different chicken tissues. In particular, this region, which is approximately 30 kb downstream from the ovalbumin gene, is undermethylated in oviduct as compared to other hen tissues, and thus could be a control region involved in domain activation. PMID- 6557012 TI - Hormonal regulation and expression of vitellogenin multigene family. AB - Yolk proteins are the most abundant egg proteins in oviparous animals. They are deposited during oocyte maturation for use after fertilization and are synthesized in the liver or fat body as a common precursor termed vitellogenin. Hybridization with cloned DNA complementary to vitellogenin messenger RNA has revealed a surprisingly high degree of evolutionary conservation of sequence of vitellogenin genes among insects, amphibians and birds. The synthesis of vitellogenin in vertebrates is directly under the control of oestrogen at the level of gene transcription. In the frog, Xenopus, vitellogenin genes occur as a multigene family, four of which are actively expressed and are grouped as A and B genes. This multiplicity offers a useful system for investigating the possible selective hormonal regulation of expression of individual members of multigene families. When X. laevis vitellogenin genes were activated by oestrogen in the liver of whole animals or in cultures of parenchymal cells, the two groups of expressed genes were not induced in an identical manner in cells from male and female animals. The activation of A and B groups of genes was non-coordinate in male hepatocytes and coordinate in female cells. Prior exposure of male hepatocytes to oestradiol in vivo or in culture caused the pattern of expression to shift to that in female cells. Since the X. laevis oocyte itself does not synthesize vitellogenin in response to oestrogen, an attempt was made to activate its dormant vitellogenin genes by transferring oestrogen-binding proteins from the liver. Preliminary results show that the microinjection into the oocyte of a preparation containing liver receptor-hormone complex led to the synthesis of vitellogenin by the oocyte. Extension of these experiments will not only enable a more precise analysis of the activation of the vitellogenin multigene family to be made but will also provide direct functional evidence for the role played by steroid hormone receptors in regulating gene expression. PMID- 6557013 TI - Cytopathology of parasitic disease. PMID- 6557014 TI - Regulation of fibroblast functions by products of schistosomal egg granulomas: potential role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. AB - Recent observations suggest a molecular link between granuloma formation and hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis. Egg granulomas isolated from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice, when cultured in serum-free medium, produce a variety of biologically active molecules that affect fibroblast function. One group of molecules--proteins with an estimated relative molecular mass (Mr) of 30 000- stimulate fibroblast proliferation in vitro. These molecules have interleukin (IL)-1-like activity when assayed in thymocyte cultures but are biochemically distinct from previously characterized murine IL-1. Fibroblast mitogenic activity is also produced by macrophages isolated from granulomas and by extracts of S. mansoni eggs. The egg-derived activity is distinct from the granuloma cell derived material on the basis of Mr and isoelectric point determinations. Egg extracts also contain concanavalin A-binding substances which are not directly mitogenic for fibroblasts but can stimulate spleen cells from infected mice to produce fibroblast mitogenic activity in vitro. A large chemoattractant molecule (greater than 200 000 Mr) for fibroblasts has also been identified in supernatants from granuloma cultures and in supernatants from macrophages isolated from granulomas. This activity is abolished by treatment with anti fibronectin antibody, suggesting that it is fibronectin or a cleavage product thereof. Molecules similar to or identical with the fibroblast mitogenic factors from the granulomas have been identified, and they inhibit the contraction of fibroblast-populated collagen lattices. These activities may be important in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis, and pharmacological modification of their production or of their effects on target fibroblasts might theoretically prevent hepatic fibrosis in this disease. PMID- 6557016 TI - Psychiatric concepts in the nursing curriculum. PMID- 6557017 TI - Involving students in community health activities. PMID- 6557015 TI - Toxoplasma gondii: use of mutants to study the host-parasite relationship. AB - Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, is readily grown in nearly all cultured cells. The host-parasite relationship in these cultures can often be explored by using mutant host cells or mutant parasites. Host cells incapable of incorporating uracil or hypoxanthine, which were excellent precursors for T. gondii, allowed the demonstration that the host cell had no access to the purine or pyrimidine nucleotide pools of the parasite. Conversely, a T. gondii mutant that was defective in the principal pyrimidine salvage pathway allowed the demonstration that the parasite had no access to pyrimidine nucleotide or deoxynucleotide pools of the host cell. One metabolite that must pass from the host cytoplasm to T. gondii is a purine. An absolute defect in purine biosynthesis by the parasite was disclosed by growing T. gondii in a mutant host cell that was, itself, incapable of purine synthesis. T. gondii grew normally at 40 degrees C in a mutant host cell that was incapable of protein synthesis at that temperature. Thus, the parasite did not depend on concomitant protein synthesis in the host cell. An antigenic mutant of T. gondii was isolated with the aid of parasiticidal monoclonal antibody. This mutant lacked a major parasite surface protein, of relative molecular mass (Mr) 22 000. The antibody used to select this mutant immunoprecipitated a protein of this Mr from the wild-type parasite. PMID- 6557018 TI - Acute renal failure: mortality or magic? PMID- 6557019 TI - Management of acute conditions in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6557020 TI - Nursing role in open-chest resuscitation. PMID- 6557021 TI - Management of gunshot injuries. PMID- 6557022 TI - A modified autotransfusion system. PMID- 6557023 TI - Marketing strategies for recruitment and retention. PMID- 6557024 TI - Preparing senior nursing students through optional clinical experiences. PMID- 6557025 TI - Developing independent study units. PMID- 6557027 TI - [Mother-fetus functional system]. PMID- 6557026 TI - Nuclear matrix and hnRNP share a common structural constituent associated with premessenger RNA. AB - Nuclear matrix and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) were compared to establish whether premessenger RNA (premRNA) was associated with a same constituent in both structures. The isolation of nuclear matrix included the removal of chromatin and of 0.4 M KCl-soluble material. HnRNP, isolated by a standard method was also treated by 0.4 M KCl. Both isolation procedures caused the removal of DNA, histones, a fraction of small nuclear RNA and of nonhistone proteins including the hnRNP proteins in the 30 000-40 000 mol. wt. range. High resolution autoradiography showed that hnRNA remained associated with the residual fibrils in both structures. They both contained the same premRNA and maturation products as shown by the analysis of the transcripts of the early region 3 of adenovirus 2. In addition, the small nuclear RNA and protein of the salt-resistant complexes were also present in the matrix. The results are compatible with the idea that the salt-resistant complexes from hnRNP constitute the fibrils associated with premRNA in the nucleoplasmic matrix. The fibrils may be the basic unit of splicing and their organization in matrix might provide the spatial configuration necessary for regulation. PMID- 6557028 TI - [Hydatidiform mole]. PMID- 6557029 TI - [Differential diagnostic importance of pain in the area of the heart]. PMID- 6557031 TI - [Syphilis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6557030 TI - [Treatment and prevention of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6557032 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in older people]. PMID- 6557033 TI - [Medical technology in the service of cardiology]. PMID- 6557034 TI - [Extent and nature of the activities of the epidemiologist's assistant in controlling infections]. PMID- 6557035 TI - [Raising the qualifications of paramedical personnel at local district centers]. PMID- 6557037 TI - [Intraocular pressure and methods for its study]. PMID- 6557036 TI - [Management of pregnancy and labor in fetal breech presentation]. PMID- 6557039 TI - [Acute pneumonias]. PMID- 6557040 TI - [Premature labor]. PMID- 6557038 TI - [Course of intestinal infections against a background of opisthorchiasis]. PMID- 6557041 TI - [Diagnosis of acute inflammation of the uterine adnexa and pelvioperitonitis]. PMID- 6557042 TI - [Amniotic fluid embolism and hypofibrinogenemia]. PMID- 6557043 TI - [Dysfunctional uterine hemorrhage]. PMID- 6557044 TI - [Disinfection and health and hygiene measures in influenza and other acute respiratory diseases at health centers]. PMID- 6557045 TI - [Pulmonary artery thromboembolism]. PMID- 6557046 TI - [Cases of regeneration of the fingers]. PMID- 6557047 TI - [Congenital rubella (clinical picture, diagnosis and prevention)]. PMID- 6557048 TI - [Use of household disinfecting agents in preventing infectious diseases]. PMID- 6557049 TI - Adverse effects of frequent intramuscular injections. PMID- 6557050 TI - Acute pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6557051 TI - Eisenmenger's syndrome. PMID- 6557052 TI - Nursing implications. PMID- 6557053 TI - A vital link in the organ donation process. PMID- 6557054 TI - A profile of the attitudes and regimen adherence of ischemic heart disease patients. PMID- 6557055 TI - Legal issues in nursing: informed consent. PMID- 6557056 TI - [Assistance to parents of a premature infant]. PMID- 6557057 TI - [Systematic radiography is frequently devoid of value. From the World Health Organization]. PMID- 6557058 TI - [Practice report of "Marguerite" by Nancy Ropper in nursing education]. PMID- 6557059 TI - [Selection of qualified health personnel in hospitals]. PMID- 6557060 TI - Childbearing practices in the Appalachian culture. PMID- 6557061 TI - Policy issues for cardiac rehabilitation programs. PMID- 6557062 TI - Issues for research on alternative patterns of care for low birthweight infants. PMID- 6557063 TI - Impact of structural autonomy accorded through state regulatory policies on nurses' prescribing practices. PMID- 6557064 TI - Alternative careers in nursing. PMID- 6557065 TI - Is adipose getting in your way? PMID- 6557066 TI - Demystifying computers. Computer language. PMID- 6557067 TI - Get ready: the computer age is now. PMID- 6557068 TI - The tiny green cottage on Freedom Street. PMID- 6557069 TI - [Nursing care of patients suffering from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6557070 TI - [Environmental conditions can impede motivation for continuing education]. PMID- 6557071 TI - [Nurses in emergency rooms: no exceptions to the rule]. PMID- 6557072 TI - [Counter-survey on services to offer to workmen]. PMID- 6557073 TI - ["Living from death, dying of life . . ." towards a creative social thanatology]. PMID- 6557074 TI - [Nursing care in psychiatry in the era of a conceptual model]. PMID- 6557075 TI - [Physical activity: utopia or reality?]. PMID- 6557076 TI - [The elderly faced with aggression in therapeutic centers]. PMID- 6557077 TI - [Tracheotomy: principles and nursing care technics]. PMID- 6557078 TI - [Health is not the endowment of youth]. PMID- 6557079 TI - [A friendship sponsorship group for isolated beneficiaries in a long term care hospital center]. PMID- 6557080 TI - Self-sealing sterilization pouches. PMID- 6557081 TI - Age distribution of patients with nosocomial infections. PMID- 6557082 TI - Current handwashing issues. PMID- 6557083 TI - Practical aspects for cost reduction in hospital infection control. AB - Nosocomial infections consume a significant amount of the total hospital budget. This article describes some practical aspects for cost reduction in hospital infection control. Within one year total savings of 91.000 DM could be achieved by discontinuing unnecessary disinfection procedures. Within six years 2,27 million DM could be saved by discontinuing unnecessary infection control procedures or employing cheaper methods. Of the total antibiotic costs 25% can be reduced by certain measures. PMID- 6557084 TI - The cost implications of clean air systems and antibiotic prophylaxis in operations for total joint replacement. AB - The effect on sepsis of the use of prophylactic antibiotics and measures for reducing the level of airborne contamination in the operating room has been related to the costs of these measures and of dealing with a septic joint. While antibiotic prophylaxis is the most cost effective, the benefits that may be obtained from the introduction of cleaner air also appear to be worthwhile, even when considered solely in terms of hospital costs. PMID- 6557085 TI - Training of personnel for infection control. AB - The overall objectives for implementing an infection control program are to make hospital personnel aware of nosocomial infections and to educate these persons in their role in decreasing the risk of these infections. The infection control practitioner (ICP) implements these objectives by performing surveillance to determine problem areas and by developing policies and procedures that prevent and control nosocomial infections. Appropriate qualities for an ICP include initiative, leadership, communication skills, commitment, and charisma. Expertise in patient care practices, aseptic principles, sterilization practices, education, research, epidemiology, microbiology, infectious diseases, and psychology are acquired skills. Local, state, and national organizations, as well as universities, are responsible for ICP training, In the US the Centers for Disease Control have established a training program for the beginning ICP and the Association of Practitioners in Infection Control (APIC) has developed a study guide for developing infection control skills. The ultimate responsibility for education is an individual obligation, however. Certification of the ICP would insure a minimum level of knowledge, thereby standardizing and upgrading the practice of infection control. PMID- 6557086 TI - Summary of the international workshop: new agents causing nosocomial infections. PMID- 6557087 TI - The episomatic test system and its application to test disinfectants. PMID- 6557088 TI - Developing, constructing and scoring the National Council Licensure Examination. Part II. PMID- 6557089 TI - Maintaining competency: a call for collaboration. PMID- 6557090 TI - Planning and cooperation: Wyoming adopts a practice act based on NCSBN model. PMID- 6557091 TI - Improving dental health education. PMID- 6557092 TI - Gypsies--A Sheffield experience. PMID- 6557094 TI - Teaching health visitor students to communicate. PMID- 6557093 TI - Health visiting studies: uses and opportunities in health visitor training. PMID- 6557095 TI - Differences between high and low achievers on a health visiting course. PMID- 6557096 TI - Voluntary Service Overseas. PMID- 6557097 TI - Health education, Indian style. PMID- 6557098 TI - Family influences on juvenile misbehaviour. PMID- 6557099 TI - A survey of diabetic children in the Yeovil area. PMID- 6557100 TI - NHS reorganization or disorganization? PMID- 6557101 TI - Nursing education. Time management for nurses returning to school. PMID- 6557102 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: a new epidemic. PMID- 6557103 TI - Nurses are "patient" people. PMID- 6557104 TI - A tri-county needs assessment for the purpose of rural health promotion program development. PMID- 6557105 TI - The art of practice. Wound healing ... an assessment tool. PMID- 6557106 TI - The need for more nurses in health care planning. PMID- 6557107 TI - Toward a definition of rural nursing. PMID- 6557108 TI - The legal liabilities of the good samaritan act. PMID- 6557109 TI - Standards of care for the CAPD patient. PMID- 6557110 TI - On top of a mountain. PMID- 6557111 TI - Mrs. B's homecoming. An evaluation of elder abuse. PMID- 6557112 TI - [Cesarean section: indication, maternal complications and perinatal mortality]. PMID- 6557113 TI - A proenzyme from chicken plasma similar to human plasma prekallikrein. AB - We report the isolation of a specific protease zymogen from chicken plasma. The purification procedure involves barium citrate precipitation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, removal of plasminogen and plasmin on lysine-Sepharose, followed by anion and cation exchange, and gel permeation chromatography. Based on quantitative radioimmunoassay the zymogen is present in plasma at a concentration of 160 mg/liter, and it is obtained by our procedure in highly purified form with a yield of 1.4%. The single polypeptide chain contains an NH2-terminal alanine residue. The native molecule migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent molecular weight of 84,000 under reducing conditions. It can be identified as an inactive proenzyme because it has very low amidolytic activity, does not react with the fluorescent active site titrant 4 methyl-lumbelliferyl p-guanidinobenzoate, and does not incorporate radioactive [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate. It is very susceptible to limited proteolysis which converts it to an active enzyme with trypsin-like specificity. The active enzyme, likewise a single polypeptide chain, migrates as a doublet with apparent molecular weights of 39,000 and 40,000. Its amidolytic activity with synthetic peptide substrates is at least 40-fold higher than that of the proenzyme, it reacts efficiently with 4-methylumbelliferyl p-guanidinobenzoate, and incorporates [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate while undergoing irreversible inactivation. The enzyme appears to be a reasonably efficient plasminogen activator in zymographic gels, but not in solution. With human high molecular weight kininogen as substrate the enzyme was about 25% as efficient as human plasma kallikrein. It lacks any plasminogen-independent proteolytic activity with other protein substrates, and it hydrolyzes small peptide substrates designed for both human kallikrein and urinary urokinase, respectively. Inhibition studies with peptide chloromethyl ketones indicate enzymatic properties closer to human plasma kallikrein than to the human plasminogen activator urokinase (EC 3.4.21.31). The chicken plasma enzyme and the plasminogen activator from the conditioned media of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts treated with tumor promoter are different by criteria of tryptic peptide maps, and amino acid composition and enzymatic specificity. The designations chicken plasma prekallikrein plasminogen proactivator and chicken plasma kallikrein plasminogen activator are proposed for the zymogen and enzyme forms, respectively. Using rabbit antibodies against the proenzyme we developed a solid phase immunoadsorption procedure that allowed us to isolate the protein with an overall yield of 11.4%. PMID- 6557114 TI - The insulin receptor protein kinase. Physicochemical requirements for activity. AB - We determined that the rate of insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor is independent of receptor concentration and thus proceeds via an intramolecular process. This result is consistent with the possibility that ligand-dependent autophosphorylation may be a means by which cells can distinguish occupied from unoccupied receptors. We employed dithiothreitol to dissociate tetrameric receptor into alpha beta halves in order to further elucidate the structural requirements for the receptor-mediated kinase activity. Dithiothreitol had a complex biphasic effect on insulin-stimulated receptor kinase activity. Marked stimulation of kinase activity was observed at 1-2 mM dithiothreitol when the receptor was predominantly tetrameric and kinase activity diminished when dimeric alpha beta receptor halves predominate (greater than 2 mM dithiothreitol). N-Ethylmaleimide inhibits insulin-stimulated receptor kinase activity. We suggest that the tetrameric holoreceptor is the most active kinase structure and this structure requires for maximal activity, a reduced sulfhydryl group at or near the active site. We treated receptor preparations with elastase to generate receptor proteolytically "nicked" in the beta subunit. This treatment completely abolishes insulin-dependent autophosphorylation and histone phosphorylation with essentially no effects on insulin binding as determined by affinity labeling of the receptor alpha subunit. We suggest such treatment functionally uncouples insulin binding from insulin-stimulated receptor kinase activity. The possible physiological significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6557115 TI - Phosphorylation of initiation factor eIF-2 alpha, binding of mRNA to 48 S complexes, and its reutilization in initiation of protein synthesis. AB - The formation of 80 S initiation complexes containing labeled viral mRNA was drastically inhibited when mRNA binding assays were carried out with reticulocyte lysate preincubated with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). When the assays were analyzed by centrifugation on sucrose gradients, the mRNA incubated with lysate pretreated with dsRNA sedimented as a 48 S complex. Met-tRNA, GDP, and phosphorylated initiation factor eIF-2(alpha P) were shown to co-sediment with the 48 S complex. Therefore, the formation of this complex was attributed to the phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha by a dsRNA-activated protein kinase. These observations suggested that mRNA could bind to a 40 S ribosomal subunit containing Met-tRNAf, GDP, and eIF-2(alpha P), but the joining of a 60 S ribosomal subunit was inhibited. When the 48 S complex was isolated and incubated with lysate without added dsRNA, the mRNA could form 80 S initiation complexes. The shift of mRNA from 48 S to 80 S complexes was also observed when the eIF-2 alpha kinase activity was inhibited by the addition of 2-aminopurine. This shift was quite slow, however, when compared to the rate of binding of free mRNA to 80 S initiation complexes. The 2-aminopurine was effective in reversing the inhibition of protein synthesis by dsRNA and in maintaining a linear rate of protein synthesis for 3 h in lysates. Without added 2-aminopurine, protein synthesis was inhibited after 90 min even in lysates supplemented with hemin and eIF-2(alpha P) was detected in these lysates. This finding indicated that eIF-2 alpha phosphorylation could be in part responsible for limiting the duration of protein synthesis in mammalian cell-free systems. PMID- 6557116 TI - Detection of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci by the AutoMicrobic system. AB - The AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) is an automated instrument designed for rapid microbiological identification and susceptibility reporting in the clinical laboratory. The reliability of a rapid, automated approach to testing methicillin-resistant staphylococci was evaluated. To determine the accuracy in detecting oxacillin-methicillin resistance by the AutoMicrobic system, 746 staphylococci from seven different geographical areas were tested. Results were compared with the Bauer-Kirby agar disk diffusion technique as the reference method. Of the 304 staphylococci, 209 coagulase positive and 95 coagulase-negative strains were resistant to oxacillin methicillin. These organisms fell into three categories of resistance detection. The first category had resistance levels high enough for initial detection, the second category had low resistance levels requiring modified data analysis techniques for detection, and the third category had resistance levels too low for detection. Of the resistant strains tested, 21% showed a category two resistant growth pattern. Major errors, as a result of hetero-resistant growth patterns of the tested strains, were resolved by computer analysis of growth curves. These data analysis applications enabled detection of 96% of the oxacillin-methicillin-resistant organisms. Results for all resistant staphylococci tested were available in an average time of 5.5 h. PMID- 6557117 TI - Stoma function in patients with a left colostomy: the importance of dietary management. PMID- 6557118 TI - The continent vesicostomy. An interview with Dr. Roberto Reid . Interview by P. Pressel. PMID- 6557119 TI - A working relationship between enterostomal therapy and occupational therapy. PMID- 6557120 TI - When does the ET nurse--patient relationship end? The patient with an ileal conduit and a spica body cast. PMID- 6557121 TI - Utilization of solid-form skin barriers. PMID- 6557122 TI - Drugs: actions and reactions. Antidiarrheals. PMID- 6557123 TI - Vaginal fistulas: adaptation of management method for patients with radiation damage. PMID- 6557124 TI - Polymorph function, complement and immunoglobulins in Nigerian patients with pneumococcal infections. AB - Polymorphonuclear function was found adequate in vitro in Nigerian patients with pneumococcal infections by a bactericidal assay against type I pneumococcus in the same opsonin system. In the classical complement screening 40 per cent of the patients had values below 50 per cent of standard, perhaps reflecting deficiencies of the early classical pathway components. PMID- 6557125 TI - Spontaneous pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 6557127 TI - Here are pitfalls to avoid in designing new offices. PMID- 6557126 TI - Surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. PMID- 6557128 TI - Graduate medical education in Louisiana. Findings from the 1977-1983 statewide inventories of programs. PMID- 6557129 TI - EKG of the month. Abnormal tracing with inverted U waves. PMID- 6557130 TI - A very complex headache. PMID- 6557132 TI - Managing by behavior and results--linking supervisory accountability to effective organizational control. AB - Of all the components of the management process, control has received the least attention in nursing. These authors present a performance management program that provides nursing administrators with an effective control system, yet maximizes individual professional accountability. PMID- 6557131 TI - Developing ambulatory care clinics: nurse practitioners as primary providers. AB - While hospitals evaluate ambulatory clinics as a revenue-generating service alternative, nursing executives develop new areas for nursing practice in nurse managed clinics. The authors describe the five-year growth of a nurse-managed ambulatory clinic providing primary health care to those aged 55 and older. The discussion explains nurse practitioner leadership and practice, and accountability between professions. The concept and structure of services and marketing strategies are elated to the people served. Financial feasibility, cost containment, and other factors demonstrate the clinic's contribution to its sponsoring hospital. PMID- 6557133 TI - PACE: a unique career development program. AB - Career development programs are increasingly recognized as the answer to retaining nurses in nursing, and more important, at the bedside. In the face of economic constraints facing health care, it is imperative that such programs benefit both the nurse and the hospital so that the ultimate goal of improved patient care delivery can be met in a cost-effective and creative way. PACE, Practice Alternatives for Career Expansion, a successful career development program designed to achieve these results, is described in this article. It has some unique features which benefit both the nurse and the hospital. PMID- 6557134 TI - Negotiating cooperative agreements between health organizations. AB - Comprehensive care and continuity of care are often dependent upon cooperation and coordination between organizations. Nursing administrators who understand the process through which cooperative agreements between health care organizations are negotiated can plan, direct, and monitor the process. This article covers four major aspects of the negotiations process and their implications for nursing administrators. PMID- 6557136 TI - Nurse-midwifery research. PMID- 6557135 TI - The benefits of hospital sponsored home care programs. AB - Faced with increasing financial and government restraints, nursing administrators must search for effective ways to continue providing quality patient care. These authors believe that the relationships inherent within a hospital-sponsored home health care program benefit both the hospital and the home health care program as they try to meet patient and community needs. PMID- 6557137 TI - The Tucson nurse-midwifery service: the first four years. PMID- 6557138 TI - Partial hydrolysis of cow's milk proteins by human trypsins and elastases in vitro. AB - The hydrolysis of bovine alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin, and casein by human anodal and cathodal trypsins and elastases was studied with the aid of electroimmunoassay and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rate of hydrolysis of the various proteins by cathodal elastase exceeded that by anodal or cathodal trypsin and anodal elastase. Casein was hydrolyzed more efficiently than alpha-lactalbumin or beta-lactoglobulin. The hydrolysis of the three proteins occurred at a considerably slower rate when present in crude form, as in cow's milk, than when in purified form. PMID- 6557140 TI - The video connection: group dynamics on screen. PMID- 6557139 TI - The elasticity of relaxed insect fibrillar flight muscle. AB - The mechanical properties of glycerol-extracted fibres from the dorsal longitudinal muscle of Lethocerus have been determined by sinusoidal and transient analysis in the time range 1 ms-1000 s, and from rest length to 10% strain for fibres in relaxing and rigor solutions. The fibres behave reversibly up to strains of about 5%, but reach an elastic limit in the range 5-9% strain, depending upon the rate of strain. Electron micrographs of fibres at different degrees of stretch, and after partial extraction of the contractile proteins, suggest that a connexion between the end of the A filament and the Z line, named a C filament, is responsible for the high stiffness of the relaxed muscle. Estimates are made of the compliance of the A, I and C filaments. The mechanical response of the relaxed muscle, over the entire frequency range studied, is assignable to the C filaments. An analysis of the stiffness of the fibres at different tensions in activating and relaxing solutions, and in fibres relaxed by orthovanadate, shows that the C filaments still exert their mechanical effect in the active muscle. That is, the response of the active muscle consists of the contribution from the cross-bridges plus that of the C filaments, acting mechanically in parallel. This situation is incompatible with earlier explanations of the fully activated mechanical dynamics of fibrillar muscle. Alternative explanations at the cross-bridge level are described in the paper that follows this one. PMID- 6557141 TI - Assertiveness training for hospitalized, emotionally disturbed women. PMID- 6557142 TI - Interview: East meets West. PMID- 6557143 TI - [Blind spot in the nursing assessment skill; systems theory and its application]. PMID- 6557145 TI - [Figure of statement in nursing]. PMID- 6557144 TI - [The construction of nursing observation and description]. PMID- 6557146 TI - [Carrying out a conference to make sure of understanding of client's problems]. PMID- 6557147 TI - [Audit and evaluation of nursing records]. PMID- 6557148 TI - [Nursing assessment in nursing records]. PMID- 6557149 TI - [On-the-job training on nursing records in Kawasaki Medical College Hospital]. PMID- 6557150 TI - [Application of patient medical records by the medical care team]. PMID- 6557151 TI - [A way to evaluate the quality of nursing from the nursing records]. PMID- 6557152 TI - [Practice of "pro-purpose nursing care plan" the role of nursing records]. PMID- 6557153 TI - [Codification for nursing care]. PMID- 6557154 TI - [Nursing record in the order system of respective nursing practice]. PMID- 6557155 TI - [Social case work records in medical teamwork]. PMID- 6557156 TI - [Counseling and recording]. PMID- 6557157 TI - [Aspects of "cerebral death"]. PMID- 6557158 TI - [Wounds and the healing process: traumatic wounds and operative wounds]. PMID- 6557159 TI - [Comprehensive management following limb surgery including amputation and disarticulation]. PMID- 6557160 TI - [Therapeutic management of bed sores]. PMID- 6557161 TI - [Local wound care of burns and control of infection]. PMID- 6557162 TI - [Management and protective care in multiple trauma]. PMID- 6557163 TI - [New wound dressing]. PMID- 6557165 TI - [(Patient education) Instructing the amputated patient in positioning and wound protection]. PMID- 6557164 TI - [Dressing technics of infected wounds of amputated patients]. PMID- 6557166 TI - [Protective and preventive nursing care of the wound in the endotoxin stage]. PMID- 6557167 TI - [Protective and preventive nursing care of the patient with serious bedsores]. PMID- 6557168 TI - [Improvement of tube fixation in long-term epidural anesthesia]. PMID- 6557169 TI - [Observation and diagnosis of allergies]. PMID- 6557170 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of the patient with allergic disorders]. PMID- 6557171 TI - [A mother's manuscript on her lost son who died of a histidine metabolism disorder. 2]. PMID- 6557172 TI - [Improving therapeutic devices. Outpatient nursing. IV]. PMID- 6557173 TI - [Psychological aspects of chronic lung disease]. PMID- 6557174 TI - [Psychosociologic etiology of health problems and health support]. PMID- 6557175 TI - [Toward a general theory of health-related behavior]. PMID- 6557176 TI - [Models of health-related behavior]. PMID- 6557177 TI - [Enabling factors of health-related behavior]. PMID- 6557178 TI - [Reasonably motivated behavior in life style for positive health: its development and basic considerations]. PMID- 6557179 TI - [Acute illness behavior]. PMID- 6557180 TI - [Illness behavior in the chronic stage]. PMID- 6557181 TI - [Illness behavior in the terminal stage]. PMID- 6557182 TI - [Self care and patient compliance]. PMID- 6557183 TI - [Health-related behavior in ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6557184 TI - [Health-related behavior in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients]. PMID- 6557185 TI - [Health-related behavior in diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 6557186 TI - [The ward is my college; between the living and the dead]. PMID- 6557187 TI - [An analysis of the obstructive factors in the rehabilitation of patients on dialysis]. PMID- 6557188 TI - [Current features of diabetes mellitus therapy]. PMID- 6557189 TI - [Some statistics of acute poisoning in Japan]. PMID- 6557190 TI - [Emergency treatment and care of acute poisoning; poisoning by agricultural chemicals]. PMID- 6557191 TI - [Emergency treatment and care of acute poisoning; gas poisoning]. PMID- 6557192 TI - [Emergency treatment and care of acute poisoning; poisoning by household products]. PMID- 6557193 TI - [Nursing care standards of acute poisoning]. PMID- 6557195 TI - [First aid of acute poisoning patients]. PMID- 6557194 TI - [Nursing system of acute poisoning patients]. PMID- 6557196 TI - [Aspects of acute poisoning patients who attempted suicide: motives, measures, and prognosis]. PMID- 6557197 TI - [Health education for pesticide use]. PMID- 6557198 TI - [Nursing care of the paraquat poisoning patient]. PMID- 6557199 TI - [Nursing care of carbon monoxide poisoning patient]. PMID- 6557200 TI - [Nursing care of the patient who attempted suicide with drugs]. PMID- 6557201 TI - [Nursing care of villus cancer patient in clean air room]. PMID- 6557202 TI - [Nursing care of an aggressive patient]. PMID- 6557204 TI - [Diagnostic marker of respiratory organs]. PMID- 6557203 TI - [Examination of respiratory organ]. PMID- 6557205 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of respiratory organs]. PMID- 6557206 TI - [Use of intermittent urethral catheterization for neurogenic bladder patient]. PMID- 6557207 TI - [Nursing studies in an outpatient clinic]. PMID- 6557208 TI - [The effect of using nursing diagnosis in nursing care planning]. PMID- 6557210 TI - [Public-oriented organizational activities of public health nursing. II. Changes in the attitude of public health nurses: innovation in the extension of present activities. A discussion]. PMID- 6557209 TI - [Public-oriented organizational activities of public health nursing. II. Changes in the attitude of public health nurses: overcoming the obstacles. A group discussion]. PMID- 6557211 TI - [Public-oriented organizational activities of public health nursing. II. Changes in the attitude of public health nurses: "learning" within the organizational activities. A summary of the theoretical discussion]. PMID- 6557212 TI - [Public-oriented organizational activities of public health nursing. II. Changes in the attitude of public health nurses: a need for changes in the approaches of public health nursing. A group discussion]. PMID- 6557213 TI - [Public-oriented organizational activities of public health nursing. II. Changes in the attitude of public health nurses: motivation by the citizens and public health nurses. A discussion]. PMID- 6557215 TI - [The 1st meeting for studying organizational activities at Yokohama: the significance, lessons, systematization and an overview of the meeting]. PMID- 6557214 TI - [Public-oriented organizational activities of public health nursing. II. Changes in the attitude of public health nurses: evaluation by a 3d party]. PMID- 6557217 TI - [Clinical training closely related to real life practice: a trial at Shizuoka Prefectural School of Health and Welfare, Department of Hygiene. Transition in public health nursing education in Shizuoka Prefecture - with special reference to training in regional health care activities]. PMID- 6557216 TI - [Current status of apoplexy patients being cared for at home--problems in home care instructions for rehabilitation]. PMID- 6557218 TI - [Establishment of an educational system incorporation nursing practice and education and its effects on learning]. PMID- 6557219 TI - [Attitudes of housewives as caregivers of family health at the Sukemune area, Fujieda Shi - health care actions concerning hypertension]. PMID- 6557220 TI - [Objectives in public health nursing education in Shizuoka Prefecture - with special reference to training in regional health care activities]. PMID- 6557221 TI - [Public health nursing activities incorporating clinical training of nursing students and the outcome of such activities]. PMID- 6557222 TI - [Joint activities of the profession, schools, and students. Discussion]. PMID- 6557224 TI - [Issuance of certificates according to the legislation for health care of the aged: description of the applicants]. PMID- 6557223 TI - [Re-evaluation of the ideals of public health and medical care: reaffirmation of the ideal of public health activities at the scene of practice]. PMID- 6557226 TI - [The new role]. PMID- 6557225 TI - [Experimental study on paraquat-induced pneumonitis--therapeutic effects of prednisolone and elastase]. PMID- 6557227 TI - [From breast feeding to bottle feeding. An example of the dubious benefits of the cultural influence of the West in Developing Countries]. PMID- 6557228 TI - [We participated in the great festivals of Norway]. PMID- 6557229 TI - [Big sister and little brother]. PMID- 6557230 TI - [Infant mortality in the Soviet Union]. PMID- 6557231 TI - [Practical experience with a labor stool]. PMID- 6557232 TI - [Baths or thorough cleansing of newborn infants?]. PMID- 6557233 TI - [Newborn infants--baths or thorough cleansing?]. PMID- 6557235 TI - [Heart surgery in newborn infants]. PMID- 6557234 TI - [Fathers as recipients of maternity allowance]. PMID- 6557236 TI - [Kallikrein-kinin system of blood in patients in the post-infarction period, and its reaction to physical exertion]. AB - Blood kallikrein-kinin function was assessed in myocardial infarction survivors. Increased blood kinin-forming activity was demonstrated, accompanied with a simultaneous rise in the system's inhibitor level and excessive response to exercise, with slower regaining of the baseline after exercise was discontinued. It is concluded that functional testing of blood kallikrein-kinin status by means of rationed exercise yields more informative data on this system in various groups of postinfarction patients and that the extent of the system's activation depends on systemic circulatory function. PMID- 6557237 TI - [Pregnancy interruption in the GDR]. PMID- 6557238 TI - [Respect for life]. PMID- 6557239 TI - [Indian healing remedies in the Andean mountains]. PMID- 6557241 TI - [What is meant by neonatology?]. PMID- 6557242 TI - [If they ask you: treatment possibilities in angina pectoris]. PMID- 6557240 TI - [Clinical experiences with the intrauterine pessary (IUP)]. PMID- 6557243 TI - [Decubitus ulcer--treatment and nursing, but how?]. PMID- 6557244 TI - [The decubitus nursing problem. By the team of Ward 2A, Haus am Berg, Heim Schonberg, Stuttgart]. PMID- 6557245 TI - [Swedish abortion practice. One should talk about abortion. The staff needs therapy]. PMID- 6557246 TI - [Nurses in conflict. A survey]. PMID- 6557248 TI - [What is a cardiac pacemaker and how does it work?]. PMID- 6557247 TI - [Pregnancy conflict counseling. According to the statute of the German Federal Republic (GG Art. 1,1) the dignity of man is inviolable and the right to life inalienable (GG Art. 2,2)]. PMID- 6557249 TI - [Self-help in the area of nursing care?]. PMID- 6557250 TI - [Cervical spinal injuries and their treatment]. PMID- 6557251 TI - [Assistant in audiology--what is it? Recruitment, training and employment potentials]. PMID- 6557252 TI - [Criminal offense and guilt in the nursing field]. PMID- 6557253 TI - The effects of a teacher training program in family life and human sexuality on the knowledge and attitudes of public school teachers. AB - This study evaluated the effects of a teacher training program in family life and human sexuality. An attempt was made to determine the extent to which age, sex, race, marital status and years of teaching experience can be used to predict sex related attitudes of teachers. Teachers who volunteered for a Title IV-C Teacher Training Program in Family Living and Human Sexuality were tested before and after the training program using a knowledge test and an attitude inventory. The pretest and posttest scores of the experimental teachers were compared with a control group to assess the degree of change. Results indicated the teachers who participated in the teacher training program made significant gains in sex related knowledge. While no changes were evident in overall attitudes, the experimental teachers became more accepting of the practice of masturbation. A major finding in the study was the relationship between age and permissiveness of attitudes toward controversial issues. PMID- 6557254 TI - Physical and behavioral aspects of middle ear disease in school children. AB - Middle ear disease is today's primary aural health problem in school-age children. Until recently, pediatric health researchers were aware only of the medical consequences that middle ear disease had no children. Except in a few cases of chronic otitis media, the effects of middle ear disease were considered transitory. However, current research on middle ear disease suggests permanent changes in hearing sensitivity, reduced development of the auditory neural network and developmental delays in speech, language and cognitive skills dependent on hearing. This article presents a review of recent studies on the physical and behavioral aspects of middle ear disease and its sequelae in school children. PMID- 6557255 TI - Current status of statewide school health education programs in Michigan. AB - This study surveyed all Michigan public school principals regarding the current status of comprehensive school health education being provided in Michigan public schools. A 32-item survey was developed, pretested, revised and mailed to all public school principals in Michigan. Followup letters were sent to nonrespondents. A phone survey was conducted to nonrespondent principals after the cut-off date to verify survey responses. All data was analyzed by elementary, junior high school and high school population. The areas of professional preparation, inservice education, application and utilization of the Essential Performance Objectives for Health Education in Michigan, the content and time allotted for health education, and the lack of a well-developed organizational structure for health education have been articulated as deficit areas in the current status of comprehensive school health education. This survey provided much information for future consideration by educators, public and private health organizations, and other individuals and groups interested in school health in Michigan. PMID- 6557256 TI - Ethical theories for promoting health through behavioral change. AB - The various philosophical orientations for changing people's unhealthy behaviors are examined. The ethical theories of natural law, utilitarianism, paternalism and distributive justice are reviewed in relation to changing people's behaviors. Finally, the health educators' role in behavior change is examined and it is recommended that health educators may need to limit the conditions in which they intervene into the lives of others. PMID- 6557257 TI - School-based prenatal services: can similar outcomes be attained in a nonschool setting? AB - The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether enhancement of hospital-based prenatal care of adolescents results in pregnancy outcomes comparable to those found in adolescents receiving care at school-based clinics. An initial study comparing hospital clinic and school clinic programs administered by the St. Paul Maternal and Infant Care Project (MIC) from 1973-1976 indicated that delivered teens from the high school clinics had earlier and more frequent prenatal visits and fewer low birth weight babies than delivered adolescents who received care at hospital based clinics. After the initial study of 1976, MIC hospital based services for the adolescents were enhanced to include additional educational and support services. A follow up study, (1976-1979) was subsequently conducted, using criteria similar to the previous study, to compare the results of hospital and school-based programs for pregnant teens. The follow up data demonstrated that the School Group initiated care much earlier and had significantly more prenatal visits than the Comparison Group, but the Comparison Group demonstrated a dramatic improvement in both areas when compared to the first study. Rates of obstetrical complications and infant outcomes were more similar for both groups than in the initial study, supporting the premise that while the school provides a superior setting for provision of prenatal services, similar services at nonschool sites can be greatly enhanced and can demonstrate significant improvement in obstetrical outcomes. PMID- 6557258 TI - Boom or bust: future of health profession education. AB - The future of allied health education depends greatly on the nature of economic, social, political and health trends. It behooves educators and administrators to consider such trends as dramatic cutbacks in educational funding, revision of Medicare and Medicaid hospital reimbursement policies, establishment of diagnosis related groups (DRG), increasing technology, the wave of conservatism and the aging population. The effect of the health profession is speculative, however, knowing these trends and properly preparing, revising and reorganizing for them will keep allied health educational programs viable. This paper addresses the trends and their impact on education. PMID- 6557259 TI - Focus on the school-aged child in family intervention. AB - A practice situation in school nursing involving a school-aged child and his family is described from assessment of the problem to evaluation of care using several guides. The Roy Adaptation Model serves as a theoretical framework as the nurse applies principles of holistic health and utilizes the Family Assessment and Intervention Identifier. Considerable emphasis is placed on specific measures used to meet the behavioral indices set up by the Family Assessment Tool. Principles of the Roy Adaptation Model and holistic health are described in relation to the intervention for this family to illustrate how a conceptual framework can guide practice while allowing incorporation of related theories. PMID- 6557260 TI - Law, religious beliefs and health care in student health services. PMID- 6557262 TI - [Nursing service and nurses' station]. PMID- 6557261 TI - [Nurses' station for excellent nursing service]. PMID- 6557263 TI - [Nurses' station and flow of information]. PMID- 6557264 TI - [Management of the nursing service and the nurses' station]. PMID- 6557265 TI - [Discussion about the nurses' station from the architectural viewpoint]. PMID- 6557266 TI - [Body movement in regard to nursing care: calculation of tensile force in the effective erector spinalis muscles and compressional force on the 5th lumbar vertebra]. PMID- 6557267 TI - [Man and language]. PMID- 6557268 TI - [Search on report from shift to shift in the hospital]. PMID- 6557269 TI - [Clinical nursing instruction between basic nursing and adult nursing]. PMID- 6557270 TI - [Progressive method of learning; how to understand a sick child (2)]. PMID- 6557271 TI - [Report of a student's life at the School of Nursing, Loma Linda University]. PMID- 6557272 TI - [Toward reorganization of medicine and nursing]. PMID- 6557273 TI - [Sexual problems in medicine]. PMID- 6557274 TI - [A team approach to the patient who has sexual problems]. PMID- 6557275 TI - [Helping of sexual problems and shyness of nurses]. PMID- 6557276 TI - [Phase in helping patients' sexual problems]. PMID- 6557277 TI - [Sexual problems in community health nursing]. PMID- 6557278 TI - [Needs of aged people in nursing homes and hospitals: survey through interviews]. PMID- 6557279 TI - [Discussion about culture of eating]. PMID- 6557280 TI - [Staff development program of Okura National Hospital]. PMID- 6557281 TI - [Practical instruction in clinical nursing of adult patients]. PMID- 6557282 TI - [Training methods in the affective domain for student nurses]. PMID- 6557283 TI - [Leadership development program for student nurses (3)]. PMID- 6557284 TI - [Assessment of student nurses' ability in basic nursing technic]. PMID- 6557285 TI - [Nursing of patients with oral cancer. Description of cancer of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6557286 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer]. PMID- 6557287 TI - [Nursing of patients with oral cancer: a nursing process for patients with oral cancer]. PMID- 6557288 TI - [Nursing of patients with oral cancer: a case study]. PMID- 6557290 TI - [Nursing experience in the hygienic care of a patient confined in bed for an extended time]. PMID- 6557289 TI - [Nursing of patients with oral cancer: evaluation of the nursing process. Discussion]. PMID- 6557291 TI - [Nursing of a patient developing decubitus ulcer due to various factors]. PMID- 6557292 TI - [Report from an acute protective psychiatric ward for men. Attempts at extension of life activities and continuation of therapeutic actions (4)]. PMID- 6557293 TI - [Conference. Nursing of a 5-year-old child with a fracture of the right femur]. PMID- 6557294 TI - [Oxygen therapy (1)--its theory]. PMID- 6557296 TI - [New media for the era of the information revolution (4): magnetic tapes and disks]. PMID- 6557295 TI - [Puerperal nursing process for a primipara with a normal puerperal course]. PMID- 6557297 TI - [Test yourself. Nursing of a patient with manic-depressive psychosis]. PMID- 6557298 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with cataracts. Physiopathology of cataracts]. PMID- 6557299 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of cataracts]. PMID- 6557300 TI - [Nursing process for cataract patients]. PMID- 6557301 TI - [Nursing of cataract patients: case study]. PMID- 6557302 TI - [Nursing of cataract patients. Evaluation of the nursing process: discussion]. PMID- 6557303 TI - [Nursing evaluation of the effect of massage]. PMID- 6557304 TI - [Psychological support for blind patients]. PMID- 6557305 TI - [Report from a psychiatric acute care ward for men. An attempt at extension of therapeutic life activities and continuation of therapeutic activities]. PMID- 6557306 TI - [Nursing of a child having difficulties in adjusting to hospitalization]. PMID- 6557307 TI - [Nursing conference: lessons in clinical training. Nursing of a patient developing cerebral infarction in the terminal stage of cancer--interactions with the patient who tried to express her emotions through crying]. PMID- 6557308 TI - [Hemodialysis (3)--practice of dialysis]. PMID- 6557309 TI - [Planning of a nursing process in home visiting care of an expectant patient]. PMID- 6557310 TI - [New media in the age of information revolution (3): photocommunication]. PMID- 6557311 TI - Section 504, handicapped newborns, and ethics committees: an alternative to the hotline. PMID- 6557313 TI - Infant Doe regulations and the absolute requirement to use nourishment and fluids for the dying infant. PMID- 6557312 TI - Comments and recommendations on the "Infant Doe" proposed regulations. PMID- 6557314 TI - The liability of the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6557315 TI - Nurses run thriving businesses. PMID- 6557316 TI - Richmond's formula. Old (rough) wine, old bottles, new labels. PMID- 6557317 TI - Are you at risk? Hepatitis is catchy. PMID- 6557318 TI - Alternative staffing pattern for home nursing services: home health aides and enrolled nurses. PMID- 6557319 TI - Nursing education in New South Wales. PMID- 6557320 TI - Communication needs in a multi-cultural society. PMID- 6557321 TI - Health service development in country & metropolitan regions--a strategic overview. PMID- 6557322 TI - [Autonomic dystonia]. PMID- 6557323 TI - [Neurological syndromes of cervical osteochondrosis]. PMID- 6557324 TI - [Psychoneurotic disorders in diseases of the liver and biliary tract]. PMID- 6557325 TI - [Lymphedema (elephantiasis) of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6557326 TI - [Therapeutic physical exercise after endoprosthesis of the hip joint]. PMID- 6557327 TI - [Prevention of hemorrhoids]. PMID- 6557328 TI - [Physical training of children in school]. PMID- 6557329 TI - [Use of polyvic in traumatology and orthopedics]. PMID- 6557330 TI - [Rollers for treating and preventing foot deformities]. PMID- 6557331 TI - [4-Tailed bandage made of polyethylene film]. PMID- 6557332 TI - [Cassette bag]. PMID- 6557333 TI - [Emergency care for children with snake bites]. PMID- 6557334 TI - [First aid in acute poisonings of children with Amanita mushrooms]. PMID- 6557335 TI - [Prevention of ear, nose and throat diseases while swimming]. PMID- 6557336 TI - [Main directions in the activities of the Kurgan Research Institute of Experimental and Clinical Orthopedics and Traumatology of the Order of the Badge of Honor]. PMID- 6557337 TI - [Increasing the work efficiency of paramedical workers]. PMID- 6557339 TI - [Carex brevicollis]. PMID- 6557338 TI - [Spastic paraplegia]. PMID- 6557340 TI - [Kalanchoe pinnetatum]. PMID- 6557341 TI - [Independent student work in the process of instruction in special disciplines]. PMID- 6557342 TI - [Principles of communist morality in the work of doctors]. PMID- 6557343 TI - [Initial manifestations of cerebral blood supply insufficiency]. PMID- 6557344 TI - Moving forward. PMID- 6557345 TI - Moving forward in antenatal care--the Sighthill Project, Edinburgh. PMID- 6557346 TI - Moving forward in intranatal care in the UK and France. PMID- 6557347 TI - Perinatal mortality--ways of reducing the rate. PMID- 6557348 TI - Helping the parents of a stillborn child. PMID- 6557349 TI - Funding the work of the UKCC. PMID- 6557350 TI - Free speech! "Why ever didn't we think of it before?". PMID- 6557351 TI - Moving forward in postnatal care--some aspects of a research project. PMID- 6557352 TI - Moving forward in neonatal care--transitional care. PMID- 6557353 TI - Moving forward in counselling. PMID- 6557355 TI - How to read a book - or, the art of reviewing. PMID- 6557354 TI - "Whose baby?" Dame Rosalind Paget memorial lecture. PMID- 6557356 TI - Twin pregnancies from a double uterus. PMID- 6557357 TI - A statement on antenatal care. Possible patterns & systems of antenatal care. Midwives' clinics. PMID- 6557358 TI - Possible patterns & systems of antenatal care. Care cards. PMID- 6557359 TI - Possible patterns & systems of antenatal care. Personally held case notes. PMID- 6557360 TI - Possible patterns & systems of antenatal care. Peripheral clinics. PMID- 6557361 TI - Are midwives doing enough to promote rubella vaccination? PMID- 6557362 TI - "To be or not to be?"--the ethics of in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6557363 TI - Case study: child suffering from epidermolysis bullosa. PMID- 6557364 TI - Free speech! What type of NHS in the future--if any? PMID- 6557365 TI - Instructional strategy game: navigating the inner sea. PMID- 6557366 TI - Carnitine in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6557368 TI - The role of the nurse as a teacher: a position paper. PMID- 6557367 TI - Coping mechanisms of the chronically ill during family separation. PMID- 6557369 TI - Support group socialization for chronic dialysis patients. PMID- 6557370 TI - States' responses to federal health care "block grants": the first year. PMID- 6557372 TI - Federal Policy toward health care technology: the case of the National Center. PMID- 6557371 TI - The use of intensive care: new research initiatives and their implications for national health policy. PMID- 6557373 TI - Will competition plans change insurer-provider relationships? PMID- 6557374 TI - Interprofessional perspectives on teamwork in health care: a case study. PMID- 6557375 TI - Manpower issues in Saudi health development. PMID- 6557376 TI - Participation in a focus group. PMID- 6557377 TI - Implantable infusion port (Port-A-Cath). PMID- 6557378 TI - I.V. quality assurance theory and practice. PMID- 6557379 TI - The use of Intrasil catheters in long-term phlebotomy patients. PMID- 6557381 TI - I.V. therapy problem-solving with quality assurance. PMID- 6557382 TI - Kennestone hospital policies and guidelines for preparing and administering cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 6557383 TI - I.V. run-outs: complications, costs, and prevention. PMID- 6557380 TI - Over-wire silicone catheter insertion. PMID- 6557384 TI - "The time has come," the walrus said, "to talk of many things.". PMID- 6557385 TI - Nurses, political participation, and attitudes toward reforms in the health care system. PMID- 6557386 TI - A clinical ladder. PMID- 6557387 TI - Faculty could practice if--and other myths. PMID- 6557389 TI - Motivating patients to do what's good for them; the exercise contest. PMID- 6557388 TI - Setting passing scores. A procedure for determining passing scores on an examination using a criterion-referenced methodology. PMID- 6557391 TI - Asthma: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6557390 TI - When it comes to cancer, think family. PMID- 6557392 TI - Humor: a serious approach to patient care. PMID- 6557393 TI - The no-write way to document preop patient teaching. PMID- 6557394 TI - Nursing update: cardiotonic glycosides. PMID- 6557395 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing assessment. Part 4. PMID- 6557396 TI - Sharing: the book. PMID- 6557397 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Identification of the infected patient. PMID- 6557398 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Prevention of the spread of infection. PMID- 6557399 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Aspects of antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6557400 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Diagnosis of the patient and specimen collection. PMID- 6557401 TI - Planning the family. PMID- 6557402 TI - Sexual aspects of parenthood. PMID- 6557403 TI - Perennial problems of parenthood. Adopting a behavioural approach. PMID- 6557404 TI - Parent support groups. PMID- 6557405 TI - Parenthood--a question of inheritance. PMID- 6557406 TI - Expectations and reality of parenthood. A personal account. PMID- 6557407 TI - Parenthood in other cultures. PMID- 6557408 TI - Preparation for parenthood. PMID- 6557409 TI - Preparation for parenthood--prenatal care. PMID- 6557410 TI - Zero intake: the lingering death of Clarence Leroy Herbert--and how one nurse blew the whistle. PMID- 6557411 TI - Should you tell your patients about the risks of nursing procedures? PMID- 6557412 TI - Some legal precautions to keep in mind. PMID- 6557413 TI - What do you tell patients? Some practical advice. PMID- 6557414 TI - Cardiac arrest: a dozen ways to get yourself ready. PMID- 6557415 TI - The hospice philosophy--to bring out the best in you. PMID- 6557417 TI - Getting consents. Who should be doing all the work--nurses or doctors? PMID- 6557416 TI - Autotransfusion: risks and rewards in emergency care. PMID- 6557419 TI - Continuing education - a professional responsibility. PMID- 6557418 TI - The doctor was Jekyll one minute, Hyde the next. PMID- 6557420 TI - Focus on drugs: teaching the management of medication. PMID- 6557421 TI - Research in retrospect. PMID- 6557423 TI - The new midwifery training: the art of midwifery. PMID- 6557422 TI - Looking sideways. PMID- 6557424 TI - The new midwifery training: some thoughts on the new programme. PMID- 6557425 TI - Dressing for theatre. PMID- 6557426 TI - [Care of the dying]. PMID- 6557427 TI - Training for nursing personnel in primary health care. A CICIAMS survey. PMID- 6557428 TI - The role of nursing/midwifery personnel in the strategy of health for all. PMID- 6557429 TI - The Hearing Conservation Amendment (Part I). PMID- 6557430 TI - Women, work, and health: issues of importance to the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6557431 TI - Young women at work: implications for individual and family functioning. PMID- 6557432 TI - Organizational factors affecting stress in the clerical worker. PMID- 6557433 TI - Effects of computerization on work environment and health: from a perspective of equality between sexes. PMID- 6557434 TI - Occupational lung disease and cancer risk in women. PMID- 6557435 TI - Sexual harassment. PMID- 6557436 TI - Drugs & dosages. Theo-24. PMID- 6557437 TI - Occupational health in Spain: the worker's perspective. PMID- 6557438 TI - Communication and the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6557439 TI - Meeting employees' needs: a premise for productivity. PMID- 6557440 TI - Video display terminals. The relationship between ergonomic design, health complaints and operator performance. PMID- 6557441 TI - How to establish a nutrition education program. PMID- 6557442 TI - More than an examination: the process of Board Certification. PMID- 6557444 TI - [Cooperation in the patient ward]. PMID- 6557443 TI - Occupational injury and illness for health science center employees: presenting data in a clear manner to management. PMID- 6557445 TI - [Project-oriented classes in nursing education. 1]. PMID- 6557446 TI - Strain differentiation in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Three different systems were used to test 236 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an attempt to ascertain if more than one strain is responsible for the current problem of cross-infection by this organism in N.S.W. hospitals. The biochemical tests used were of little assistance. Phage typing, using the Basic International Set of typing phages at 100 x routine test dilution (RTD), provided evidence of the presence of several different strains. Phage type 83A/85/95/90/88 was the typing pattern of the predominant strain and the nest most frequent group was not typable. These results were often difficult to read. Five new phages were therefore isolated and found to be valuable as they produced easily identifiable patterns at RTD. PMID- 6557447 TI - Guidelines for conducting hospital tours with early school-age children. PMID- 6557448 TI - Ambiguous genitalia: detection and counseling. PMID- 6557449 TI - A comparison of rectal and axillary temperatures by electronic thermometer measurement in preschool children. PMID- 6557450 TI - Focus: nonsuppurative otitis media. PMID- 6557451 TI - The PNP's role in evaluation and management of febrile seizures. PMID- 6557452 TI - Teaching parents CPR. PMID- 6557453 TI - Health care of Ethiopian refugees. PMID- 6557455 TI - Nurse-to-nurse mentoring. PMID- 6557454 TI - Pediatric management problems: pneumonia. PMID- 6557456 TI - Prescription privileges in nurse practice laws and regulations. PMID- 6557457 TI - Criteria for the evaluation of baccalaureate and higher degree programs in nursing. PMID- 6557458 TI - Diploma programs in nursing accredited by the NLN 1983-84. PMID- 6557459 TI - Toward excellence in nursing education. A guide for school improvement. PMID- 6557460 TI - Employment, mobility, and personal characteristics of nurses newly licensed in 1981: State summaries, Volume 1. PMID- 6557461 TI - Educational preparation for nursing - 1982. PMID- 6557462 TI - The associate degree nurse: technical or professional? PMID- 6557463 TI - An honest difference and a real concern. PMID- 6557464 TI - In support of associate degree education. PMID- 6557465 TI - The National League for Nursing and associate degree nursing. PMID- 6557466 TI - Associate degree nursing: the gift of thirty years. The Ruth V. Matheney Memorial Lecture, 1983. Presented at the National League for Nursing Biennial Convention, June 3, 1983. PMID- 6557467 TI - Associate degree nursing education. Examining articulation. PMID- 6557468 TI - Scholarships, fellowships, educational grants, and loans for registered nurses. PMID- 6557469 TI - Scholarships and loans for beginning education in nursing. PMID- 6557470 TI - Deciding to forego life-sustaining treatment: recommendations of ethics. PMID- 6557471 TI - Marketing public health nursing services. AB - I am concerned that public health nursing as many of us have known it may disappear unless we become much more skilled in developing and marketing services that the public--particularly high risk target aggregates--needs and will use, and whose termination they will protest. Use of the marketing concepts and approaches I have described can help us to continue to make a valuable contribution to the public's health and help ensure that public health nurses do not become an endangered species. Thus, our utilization of sound marketing approaches is not only good business, but also good public health. PMID- 6557472 TI - Public health nursing in crisis. AB - The problems experienced in public health nursing in the United States are serious and many. The proposed solution may provide a method for change. Delivery of services will then focus on public health needs and will resist the the pressure to fit needs to available funds. Provider outreach to meet community needs will supersede primary care. The health professions will share resources rather than responsibilities. Public health nursing will focus on disease prevention and control rather than on treatment, and nurse practitioners in other specialties will refer clients to public health nurses when their particular skills are needed. Thus resolution of the present crisis may result in a stronger cadre of public health nurses who are secure in their role and revitalized in their dedication to health care in the community. PMID- 6557473 TI - Health planning: opportunities for nurses. PMID- 6557474 TI - Guidelines for directing college health services. PMID- 6557476 TI - What is a day's work? PMID- 6557475 TI - Methods and models for the aggregate. PMID- 6557478 TI - Who will pick up the pieces? PMID- 6557477 TI - Winter of discontent? PMID- 6557479 TI - Back on their feet: to do or not to do? PMID- 6557481 TI - Statistics for nurses. 1. Collection and presentation of data. PMID- 6557480 TI - Back on their feet: behavioural techniques for elderly patients--2. PMID- 6557482 TI - Nursing care study: carcinoma of oesophagus. PMID- 6557483 TI - Helping the depressed patient. PMID- 6557484 TI - Endocardial resection. PMID- 6557485 TI - Joint working in primary health care. PMID- 6557487 TI - Farewell, Annie. Interview by Jane Salvage. PMID- 6557486 TI - Old and cold. PMID- 6557488 TI - Just a few forms to fill in. Role playing the admission procedure. PMID- 6557489 TI - Statistics for nurses. 2. Mode, median, mean; range and standard deviation. PMID- 6557490 TI - Talking about research. PMID- 6557491 TI - Position is everything. PMID- 6557492 TI - Me and my ward: organised chaos. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6557493 TI - The death knell of school head inspection? PMID- 6557494 TI - Caring for a demented patient. PMID- 6557495 TI - Systems of life. No 107. Setting up the systems - 7. PMID- 6557496 TI - Preparing for the unthinkable. PMID- 6557497 TI - The Griffiths Report: bringing business into the NHS. PMID- 6557498 TI - Statistics for nurses. 3. Correlation and regression. PMID- 6557499 TI - Jenkins' law. PMID- 6557500 TI - The bottom of the pond. PMID- 6557501 TI - Commonwealth Nurses Federation: the Commonwealth scene. PMID- 6557503 TI - Reality orientation. 2. Feeling at home. PMID- 6557502 TI - Reality orientation. 1. A programme for the elderly. PMID- 6557504 TI - Hyperthermia for malignant tumours. PMID- 6557505 TI - 'If only we had more time'. PMID- 6557507 TI - Lambs to the slaughter. PMID- 6557506 TI - The value of psychiatric experience in general nurse training. PMID- 6557508 TI - Come fly with me. PMID- 6557509 TI - Symposium on diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6557510 TI - The disease process of diabetes mellitus. Definition, characteristics, trends, and developments. PMID- 6557511 TI - Dietary management in diabetes mellitus. A goal-setting process. AB - Diet is a cornerstone to the management of diabetes mellitus. A successful diet will provide the necessary elements for good nutrition, maintain near normal plasma glucose ranges, and be acceptable to the patient. Persons with diabetes have differing physiologic requirements and varying lifestyle needs; therefore, an individualized dietary management program should be designed for each patient. Teaching the person with diabetes about the dietary management protocol is an ongoing process that should include all members of the health care team. With an understanding and appreciation of the goals of the diabetic diet, the nurse can evaluate the management program and reinforce learning with an anticipation that adherence to the diet will enhance the health and quality of life of the diabetic patient. PMID- 6557512 TI - Urine testing and home blood-glucose monitoring. PMID- 6557513 TI - The child with diabetes mellitus. AB - Parents, other family members, and health care professionals play an important role in the life of a child who has diabetes. The parents especially are constantly called upon to help make judgments regarding a child's diabetes management. As a child gets older, parents do not make as many of these judgments directly but are available to help the child make his own judgments. Even when a child starts to gain more independence and take over more aspects of his diabetes management, the need for ever-present support is still there. It may not be apparent at times but parents, other family members, and health care professionals must remember that the support is always needed. PMID- 6557514 TI - The adolescent with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6557515 TI - The adult living with diabetes mellitus. AB - This article has presented a new holistic self-care approach as a solution to the problem of fragmented nursing care of the adult patient who has either type I or II diabetes. Physical and psychosocial needs are equally emphasized by the nurse when assisting the patient and his family to develop an optimal lifestyle. Approaches for dealing with common lifestyle problems were discussed. PMID- 6557516 TI - Teaching strategies that promote adherence. AB - Teaching strategies that promote adherence to the diabetes regimen are based on a setting of priorities that differentiates Level One (essential) knowledge from Level Two (important) and Level Three (desirable) knowledge when teaching is planned. The nursing process is used to provide for effective assessment of the learner, diagnosis of education requirements, mutual goal-setting between patient and nurse, individualized planning and instruction, and evaluation both during the process and afterward by follow-up contact with the patient. PMID- 6557517 TI - Meeting the needs of the economically deprived diabetic. PMID- 6557518 TI - Adding life to years. PMID- 6557519 TI - Vitamin A in human nutrition. PMID- 6557520 TI - Blood transfusion reactions: role of nursing staff. PMID- 6557521 TI - Continuing education in nursing. PMID- 6557522 TI - Management of patients with spinal cord injuries. PMID- 6557524 TI - The psychiatric nurse. Therapeutic roles. PMID- 6557523 TI - Traditional systems of medicine: the nursing component. PMID- 6557525 TI - Prevention of blindness: role of nurses. PMID- 6557526 TI - Ophthalmic surgery in various age groups. PMID- 6557527 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 10. Bereavement: living through grief. PMID- 6557528 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 10. Bereavement: from personal experience. PMID- 6557529 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 10. Bereavement: nobody told me. PMID- 6557530 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 10. Bereavement: learning to live again. PMID- 6557531 TI - When it comes to the scrunch. PMID- 6557533 TI - Profile: a birthday challenge. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6557532 TI - Community 2. A healthy mixture. PMID- 6557534 TI - Management: manpower planning. PMID- 6557535 TI - In the area of good practice. PMID- 6557536 TI - Iveson's opinion: circles, symbols and expectations. PMID- 6557537 TI - Community: looking for clues. PMID- 6557538 TI - Whose side are you on? PMID- 6557539 TI - A question of commitment. PMID- 6557540 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 9. Occupational health nursing: the challenge to change. PMID- 6557541 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 9. Occupational health nursing: aspects of confidentiality. PMID- 6557542 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 9. Occupational health nursing: clearing confusion. PMID- 6557543 TI - Will you be a Dr Strangelove? PMID- 6557544 TI - High society. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6557545 TI - Health needs in the balance. PMID- 6557546 TI - Male reproductive physiology. PMID- 6557547 TI - We do not become experts overnight. PMID- 6557548 TI - When my corners fell apart. PMID- 6557549 TI - Community 3. Eat, drink and be healthy. PMID- 6557550 TI - Benefits of a bead bed. PMID- 6557551 TI - Computerised testing. PMID- 6557552 TI - Law: acting on wrong instructions. PMID- 6557553 TI - Tormented by delusions. PMID- 6557554 TI - Let the day begin. PMID- 6557555 TI - Mental health forum 10. Structured assessment. PMID- 6557556 TI - Mental health forum 10. Behavioral problems. PMID- 6557557 TI - Mental health forum 10. Making the most of his days. PMID- 6557558 TI - The political price of health. PMID- 6557559 TI - Focus on the elderly: restoring confidence. PMID- 6557560 TI - Reorganization: patience first. PMID- 6557561 TI - Noses in profile. PMID- 6557562 TI - Can clinical nursing be managed? PMID- 6557564 TI - Teaching on the ward. PMID- 6557563 TI - Is your role being eaten? PMID- 6557565 TI - Advances in spinal surgery. PMID- 6557566 TI - A lousy, rotten deal. PMID- 6557567 TI - Administering medicines. PMID- 6557568 TI - Model students. PMID- 6557569 TI - [Therapy of pancreatic insufficiency]. AB - The replacing therapy in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency is considered the first and most important step. At present, the choice is between highly concentrate or enteric-coated enzymatic compounds. Their administration before or during each meal has to be the one able to reduce fecal fat and nitrogen, allowing a satisfactory growth. A long term therapy even at low dosage with antacids or cimetidine must be considered with caution and evaluated in each case. In CF children the nutritional care has now been emphasized for the possible relationship between malnutrition and lung disease; the caloric intake must be higher than normal. The limitation of fat intake is not so important any more when the enzymes replacement is adequate. The vitamins requirement is usually satisfied doubling the normal daily requirement. An increase of vitamins and/or minerals must be considered when clinical or laboratory signs of deficiency are found. PMID- 6557570 TI - [Elastase and elastase inhibitors in bronchial mucus in chronic airway obstruction with reference to therapy]. PMID- 6557571 TI - [Salt in the daily food]. PMID- 6557572 TI - [Worker assessment in practice]. PMID- 6557573 TI - [Late puerperium]. PMID- 6557574 TI - [Iatrogenic pathogenic factors]. PMID- 6557575 TI - [Drug addiction--a medical and social problem]. PMID- 6557576 TI - [Ward nurse in the hospital information system]. PMID- 6557578 TI - [16th Olympiad of Nursing and Midwifery]. PMID- 6557577 TI - [Therapy of stoma patients]. PMID- 6557579 TI - [Caring for the patient]. PMID- 6557580 TI - [Sexual dysfunction]. PMID- 6557581 TI - [The mature personality (personalitas evolutiva)]. PMID- 6557584 TI - [Tobacco smoking and pregnancy]. PMID- 6557583 TI - [Drug dependence]. PMID- 6557582 TI - [Educational program of a student house]. PMID- 6557585 TI - Nursing care of the child with cleft lip and/or palate. PMID- 6557587 TI - Forty-one hospitals cited for registered nurse recruitment and retention. PMID- 6557586 TI - Focus on burn prevention - a community education program. PMID- 6557588 TI - Facts about AIDS. PMID- 6557589 TI - Childhood pain: the school-aged child's perspective. PMID- 6557590 TI - Nurse specialists: authority and accountability. PMID- 6557591 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. PA: paramedics: transporting accident pts. NY: burns in nursing home: fatality. PMID- 6557592 TI - Supervisors: how to handle insubordination. Case in point: L.S.U. Med. Center v. Boyd (432 So. 2d 330 - La). PMID- 6557593 TI - Life-support systems: parents and dying children. PMID- 6557594 TI - Nurses as patient advocates: legal aspects. Case in point: Witt, R.N. v. Forest Hospital et al (450 N.E. 2d 811 - IL). PMID- 6557595 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. MI: bathtub death: nurses held immune. NJ: mental patient killed: supervision issue. PMID- 6557596 TI - R.N.'s and drug abuse: license revocation. Case in point: Smith v. State of Alabama (435 So. 2d 108 - AL). PMID- 6557597 TI - [Primary health care in the control of communicable diseases]. PMID- 6557598 TI - [Learning how to prepare the child to face difficult and/or unknown situations]. PMID- 6557599 TI - [Care for the parturient: various psychosocial aspects]. PMID- 6557600 TI - [Nurse-patient therapeutic relationship]. PMID- 6557601 TI - [Evaluation of the systematic orientation in the voice rehabilitation of laryngectomy patients]. PMID- 6557602 TI - [Factors influencing entering students in the School of Nursing of the Universidade de Sao Paulo in 1981 in the choice of nursing as a professional option]. PMID- 6557603 TI - [Natural breast feeding and relactation--the nurse's intervention]. PMID- 6557604 TI - [Nurse-patient therapeutic relationship: account of a student's experience]. PMID- 6557605 TI - Government-imposed NHS manpower targets here to stay. PMID- 6557606 TI - Helping colleagues cope with stress. PMID- 6557607 TI - Report of a recent senior nurse conference at Dunadry Inn, Co Antrim, Northern Ireland. The challenge of change. PMID- 6557608 TI - Nurses must ensure new arrangements benefit patients. Watchdog call on 'contracting out.'. PMID- 6557609 TI - Further report of the annual Oncology Nursing Society conference in Sheffield. PMID- 6557610 TI - Labour pledges to restore jobs. PMID- 6557611 TI - College strategic plan approved. PMID- 6557612 TI - Rcn welcomes report's call for new guidelines. Moves to tighten drugs security. PMID- 6557613 TI - Report of Rcn Oncology Nursing Society conference in London. Care of patients with malignant breast disease. Interview by Pauline Chudley. PMID- 6557614 TI - NHS Management Inquiry Report. The inside view. Interview by Steve Weaving. PMID- 6557615 TI - College told to press now for funding for OH nurse training. PMID- 6557616 TI - Effect of changes in perfusion pressure on renal and urinary kallikrein in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - Kallikrein activity in urine and in the renal cortex of the isolated rat kidney, perfused at constant pressure, decreased, while renal perfusate flow, glomerular filtration rate, excretion of sodium and of potassium and urine flow remained unchanged. Abrupt changes in perfusion pressure resulted in corresponding changes in renal perfusate flow, glomerular filtration rate, excretion of sodium and of potassium and urine flow. Urinary kallikrein increased little and transiently only, each time perfusion pressure was elevated. At the end of the experiments, a marked decrease in kallikrein activity in the renal tissue was found. From these results, it might be concluded that the excretion of kallikrein from the isolated perfused rat kidney resulted in a marked depletion of kallikrein stores in the kidney, probably due to an insufficient kallikrein synthesis. PMID- 6557617 TI - An elastase-specific inhibitor from human bronchial mucus. Pathogenesis in lung emphysema. AB - Under physiological conditions human bronchial mucus contains an elastase specific inhibitor which is quite different from hitherto known inhibitors: alpha 1-antitrypsin, HI-30, and BSI-TE. In bronchial mucus of 100 patients suffering from obstructive airway disease the amount of this inhibitor specific against elastase from both pancreas and polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes was measured. A group of 18 patients showed no inhibitor in their native mucus rather than free elastolytic activity. Another group of 82 patients had no elastolytic activity in their native mucus but free anti-elastolytic activity together with varying amounts of elastase-specific inhibitor bound to proteases. In a total of 20 cases from both groups the inhibitor was not detectable, neither in a free nor in a complexed form. Presuming that there is no hereditary deficiency involved, a strong importance of inactivating reactions such as oxidation is concluded. PMID- 6557618 TI - [Indications for nephrectomy]. PMID- 6557619 TI - [Paraclinical tests and nephrectomy]. PMID- 6557620 TI - [The remaining kidney after nephrectomy]. PMID- 6557621 TI - [Psychological preparation of a patient undergoing nephrectomy]. PMID- 6557622 TI - [Nephrectomy: preoperative care]. PMID- 6557624 TI - [Topographic anatomy of the kidney]. PMID- 6557623 TI - [Parietal preparation and installation of surgical patients]. PMID- 6557625 TI - [Anesthesia-recovery for nephrectomy patients]. PMID- 6557626 TI - [Role of the instrument nurse during a nephrectomy]. PMID- 6557627 TI - [Nephrectomy: postoperative care]. PMID- 6557628 TI - [Complications following nephrectomy]. PMID- 6557629 TI - [Nephrectomy and social reinsertion]. PMID- 6557630 TI - [Nephrectomy and pregnancy]. PMID- 6557631 TI - [5 bandages in 1]. PMID- 6557632 TI - [Nephrectomy]. PMID- 6557633 TI - [We feel good in your camp or welcoming children at the hospital]. PMID- 6557634 TI - [Pregnancy and its monitoring]. PMID- 6557635 TI - [Delivery]. PMID- 6557636 TI - [Passage of the fetus through the pelvic channel]. PMID- 6557637 TI - [Technic: measurement of central venous pressure]. PMID- 6557638 TI - [The living of labor. Interview by Madeleine Clave]. PMID- 6557639 TI - [Peridural anesthesia: technic, indications]. PMID- 6557641 TI - [Cancer: before, during, after]. PMID- 6557640 TI - [Functional exploration of the nervous system]. PMID- 6557642 TI - [Open letter]. PMID- 6557643 TI - [And if we were there to help ourselves to live]. PMID- 6557644 TI - [Family allowances]. PMID- 6557645 TI - [Fire in the hospital]. PMID- 6557646 TI - [AIDS or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6557648 TI - [Nurses in France in the last 10 years]. PMID- 6557647 TI - [Management of febrile convulsions in children]. PMID- 6557649 TI - [But where do young nurses go?]. PMID- 6557650 TI - [Calories story]. PMID- 6557652 TI - [Peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6557651 TI - [Natural family planning]. PMID- 6557653 TI - [Current nursing trends. Interview by Petri Rogero]. PMID- 6557654 TI - [Against the routine radiologic examination. The World Health Organization]. PMID- 6557655 TI - [Radiation as a professional disease]. PMID- 6557656 TI - [Assessment of patient status in cardiology]. PMID- 6557657 TI - [Alternative foods]. PMID- 6557658 TI - [Schizophrenia and society]. PMID- 6557659 TI - [Urinary diversion]. PMID- 6557660 TI - [Life after the ICU]. PMID- 6557661 TI - [Consultations outside of a residency]. PMID- 6557662 TI - [Nursing in a policy statement. The Spanish Nursing Education Association]. PMID- 6557663 TI - [Nursing and drugs: help for the addict]. PMID- 6557664 TI - 10 reasons why we need nursing diagnosis. PMID- 6557665 TI - Life at the cancer clinic. PMID- 6557666 TI - L-Pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide, a highly specific substrate for granulocyte elastase. AB - L-Pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide was found to be a highly specific substrate for human granulocyte elastase. At pH 8.3 and 37 degrees C, its Km = 0.55 mmol/l and the value for kcat was 6 sec-1, whereas with porcine pancreatic elastase these values were approximately 2 mmol/l and less than 0.001 sec-1, respectively. It is not cleaved by trypsin or chymotrypsin. With granulocyte elastase this new substrate is 50 times more sensitive compared to succinyltrialanyl-p-nitroanilide. L-Pyroglutamyl-L-prolyl-L-valine-p-nitroanilide can also be used for the assay of granulocyte elastase inhibitors. PMID- 6557667 TI - Sternal and costochondral infections with gentamicin and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus following thoracic surgery. AB - Six patients in a thoracic unit developed sternal osteomyelitis and costochondritis following median sternotomy. Five of the patients were operated on in another hospital. Gentamicin and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in pure culture in each case. The S. aureus isolate from 2 patients was of the same phage type suggesting cross-infection. Antibiotic prophylaxis administered in the perioperative period was ineffective. One patient, treated with amikacin (to which all of the strains were sensitive in vitro) and cefuroxime, died from overwhelming infection in spite of debridement and resuturing of the wound. The remaining 5 patients were cured with vancomycin therapy usually coupled with surgical intervention. PMID- 6557668 TI - [Mountain hypothermia]. PMID- 6557669 TI - [Mountain frostbite]. PMID- 6557670 TI - [Hypothermia]. PMID- 6557671 TI - [Physiology of the fight against cold in man]. PMID- 6557672 TI - [Bladder reeducation of the paraplegic]. PMID- 6557673 TI - [Urinary care in patient with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6557674 TI - [Pedicure prevention and care for patients with spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 6557675 TI - [Adaptation and protection against cold]. PMID- 6557676 TI - [Clinical manifestations of drepanocytosis in children]. PMID- 6557677 TI - [Basic treatment and life style of children with drepanocytosis]. PMID- 6557678 TI - [Nurses and children with drepanocytosis]. PMID- 6557679 TI - [Drepanocytosis, a public health problem: the Gabonese model]. PMID- 6557680 TI - [Drepanocytosis in Africa today]. PMID- 6557682 TI - [Physiopathology of drepanocytosis]. PMID- 6557681 TI - [Genetics of drepanocytosis]. PMID- 6557684 TI - [Nursing research. Concept framework is motivation psychology and adaptation theory. Interview by Inger Rosenkvist]. PMID- 6557683 TI - [Enuresis and health care.2. Prevention and home visits]. PMID- 6557685 TI - [Diabetes. Ideal support for treatment of diabetes]. PMID- 6557686 TI - [Hospital service's 3-part systems must ber well-balanced parts. Interview by Inger Rosenkvist]. PMID- 6557687 TI - Granulocyte enzyme mediated degradation of human fibrinogen in plasma in vitro. AB - Incubation of plasma with granulocyte enzymes in the presence of kallikrein inhibitor resulted in a prolonged thrombin time of the plasma and in an increased level of fibrinogen fragments, indicating that fibrinogen was digested. In accordance with this, fibrinogen digestion products could be purified by affinity chromatography from plasma after incubation with granulocyte enzymes. The isolated products resembled early X-like fibrinogen fragments, which are produced by limited digestion of purified fibrinogen with elastase. On SDS gel electrophoresis both had no intact A alpha-chains, but apparently intact fibrinogen B beta- and gamma-chains. Also, both fragments isolated from plasma and the X-like fragments produced with purified elastase had a low anticoagulant activity. Although elastase, the main fibrinolytic enzyme of the granulocyte, was rapidly complexed with inhibitors, 10-20% of the elastase activity towards succinyl-trialanyl-paranitroanilide was detectable in plasma no matter if the mixture of granulocyte enzymes or purified elastase had been added. A possible role for the alpha 2-macroglobulin-granulocyte elastase complex in the production of the digestion products in plasma is discussed. PMID- 6557688 TI - Assay for Hageman factor (factor XII) in human plasma by means of chromogenic substrate for plasma kallikrein. AB - Determination of factor XII was performed in a test system where plasma samples were diluted (1/400-1/3200) in buffer and factor XII deficient plasma. Diluted CephotestR was used as activator and after 10 min activation time chromogenic substrate H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA was added. The assay was adopted to an enzyme analyzer. The reproducibility of the method was acceptable with a coefficient of variation of 7.8% in the normal range. The correlation of this method to a one stage clotting assay for factor XII was good, r 0.79. The preliminary reference interval was calculated to be 52-147% of normal (mean+ 2 S.D.). PMID- 6557690 TI - [Management aspects of day care]. PMID- 6557689 TI - [Daycare in a general hospital]. PMID- 6557692 TI - [The meaning of various psychological currents in relation to psychiatry]. PMID- 6557691 TI - [Letter to nurses]. PMID- 6557693 TI - [That's exactly what you were looking for. Education for nursing assistants for the aged; an experiment begging for expansion]. PMID- 6557694 TI - Hope of hearing. PMID- 6557695 TI - Circulator's controversy: another viewpoint. PMID- 6557696 TI - Soviet ORs: an American viewpoint. PMID- 6557698 TI - Palatopharyngoplasty. PMID- 6557697 TI - Nursing management. Performance ratings. PMID- 6557699 TI - Gynecologic microsurgery. PMID- 6557700 TI - Transsphenoidal pituitary microsurgery. PMID- 6557701 TI - Getting in touch. PMID- 6557703 TI - Judgment: abandonment. PMID- 6557702 TI - The OR nurse and microsurgery. PMID- 6557704 TI - Glove powders on trial. PMID- 6557705 TI - [Needs in health services]. PMID- 6557706 TI - [Role concept - a theoretical assessment]. PMID- 6557708 TI - [Nursing research and diabetes mellitus. Nurses' symposium held in Denmark]. PMID- 6557707 TI - [Patient-nurse relationship set in a transactional analysis communication perspective. An analysis of communication between patient and nurse in a somatic hospital]. PMID- 6557709 TI - [Use of chromogenic substrates for estimation of indicators of kallikrein-kinin and blood coagulation systems in blood plasma of patients with nephrotic syndrome]. AB - A distinct increase of kallikrein content in blood plasma of patients with nephrotic syndrome as well as activation of thrombin simultaneously with a decrease in the prothrombin level were recorded in samples with synthetic chromogenic substrates S-2160 (Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-pNa), S-2238 (D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA) and S-2302 (D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA). Limited proteolysis of prothrombin by blood plasma kallikrein appears to be among the possible reasons of thrombin activation in the patients with nephrotic syndrome. Activity of plasmin, measured with S 2251 (D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA) as a chromogenic substrate, was practically unlatered in blood plasma of these patients. PMID- 6557710 TI - [Blood kinin system in hypertensive patients during physical exertion]. PMID- 6557711 TI - [Finland: health care personnel on strike about advancing from wage gaps. Interview by Erling Forsman]. PMID- 6557712 TI - [SSF's (Swedish Nurses' Association) delegates' meeting: disagreement about election]. PMID- 6557713 TI - [Marie and Monica exchange jobs. Work exchange cure for home blind spots. Interview by Erling Forsman]. PMID- 6557714 TI - [That's why most school nurses work during the holidays. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6557715 TI - [Refusing nurses excused from giving electroshock]. PMID- 6557717 TI - [Now gerd says farewell but she promises to follow along!. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6557716 TI - [Report proposal: occupational health care for everyone every 10 years. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6557718 TI - [Unfair system still at hand: fewer study resources when you have worked before. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6557719 TI - [Rescued and abused women get help and shelter in the Women's House in Orebro. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6557720 TI - [Do we need certification regulations?]. PMID- 6557721 TI - [Nurse administratively responsible: a long standing SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees) need. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6557722 TI - [SHSTF must push on - otherwise nothing happens. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6557723 TI - [Occupational health care and primary health care should work together - but theory and practice don't always agree. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6557725 TI - [Fight for peace and against nuclear weapons is today's most important task]. PMID- 6557724 TI - [Afghan resistance fighter on a visit to Sweden: we need medicines and education. Interview by Anika Agebjorn]. PMID- 6557726 TI - [KTK (Municipal Employee Cartels) gets a new chairman - the 4th one in less than a year. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6557727 TI - [Education cut down - lack of candidates]. PMID- 6557728 TI - [To lie was my way of surviving]. PMID- 6557729 TI - [Only knowledge can stop the falsehoods. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6557730 TI - [Workmen's Protection Committee's proposal: pregnant women should not get jobs with cytostatics. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6557732 TI - [Portrait: Birgitta Lindehall. Interview by Erling Forsman]. PMID- 6557731 TI - [Vivi-Anne became doctor in the spring. First laboratory assistant to go the long route. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6557733 TI - [Martha Sjodahl gets a visit from her public health nurse: now I know whom I shall talk to when I get sick. Interview by Kristina Johnson]. PMID- 6557734 TI - [SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees) takes no position on proposal for employee funds]. PMID- 6557735 TI - [Primary nursing in the USA. Here side by side with comprehensive care by physicians]. PMID- 6557736 TI - [Hospital clergywoman Kerstin Lindqvist: now more interest in ethics. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6557737 TI - [Cheaper and faster blood specimen collection. Nurses take over physicians' job]. PMID- 6557738 TI - [Critical examination of Christman's model: it does not live up to Swedish goals]. PMID- 6557739 TI - [Work for everybody - those who want a job should also be able to get a job]. PMID- 6557740 TI - [Invention in Umea: anesthetic mask without leaks. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6557741 TI - [SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees) - a poor employer?]. PMID- 6557742 TI - [Anders Skarin on the new wage policies: we will have equitable wage differences not some made-up concoction. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6557743 TI - [Health care in Peru: vast disparity between poor and rich]. PMID- 6557744 TI - [Dear staff, I want to be part of it!]. PMID- 6557745 TI - [Sailing on the Amorina. Monica's dream of the West Indies becomes reality. Interview by Olav Sandstrom]. PMID- 6557746 TI - [Ann Paulin, new SSEF (Swedish Student Nurses' Association) chairwoman: education problems in the center. Interview by Erling Forsman]. PMID- 6557747 TI - [New deal in Arvika: evening opening of nursing centers. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6557749 TI - [Portrait: Marta Olsson-Osterman. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6557748 TI - [One logical method to attack unemployment. Interview by Erling Forsman]. PMID- 6557750 TI - Alzheimer's disease: a look at the nursing literature. PMID- 6557751 TI - A post-RN B. Sc. N. degree: the off-campus route. PMID- 6557752 TI - From the student perspective. Faculty of Nursing off-campus post-RN B. Sc. N. PMID- 6557753 TI - Neonatal unit - research studies. PMID- 6557754 TI - Dare to care. PMID- 6557755 TI - Nursing research: a way to change. PMID- 6557756 TI - Care plans: to be or not to be. PMID- 6557757 TI - So this is team nursing? PMID- 6557758 TI - [Local injection of amoxicillin in the treatment of chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 6557760 TI - Preserving evidence in the emergency department. PMID- 6557759 TI - Notes of a whistleblower. PMID- 6557761 TI - The saralasin infusion test. PMID- 6557762 TI - Borderline personality disorder. A therapeutic approach. PMID- 6557763 TI - Borderline personality disorder. A comment on hospitalization. PMID- 6557764 TI - A recovery. PMID- 6557765 TI - Heart sounds and common murmurs. PMID- 6557766 TI - Taking a careful look at diabetes education in hospitals. PMID- 6557767 TI - Support group for mothers. PMID- 6557768 TI - Going back to work. PMID- 6557770 TI - Selecting a doctoral program with an emphasis on research preparation. PMID- 6557769 TI - Carry on, babies. PMID- 6557771 TI - Summary of proceedings 1982 ANA House of Delegates. 53rd Convention June 25-July 1, 1982, Washington, D.C. PMID- 6557772 TI - Purification of single-chain human low-molecular-weight kininogen and demonstration of its cleavage by human urinary kallikrein. AB - Human low-molecular-weight kininogen (LMWK) was purified to apparent physical and functional homogeneity by a six-step procedure consisting of ion-exchange chromatography, reverse ammonium sulfate gradient solubilization, hydrophobic chromatography on phenyl-Sepharose, gel filtration, and removal of contaminating proteins by their affinity for Affi-Gel blue and zinc. The recovery averaged 15.6% (n = 4). Purified LMWK presented as a single stained band on alkaline polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which corresponded to the region of function in eluates from a duplicate gel. The apparent homogeneity was also observed in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis, where the protein presented as a single band of Mr = 65,000 without reduction and 68,000 with reduction. A mole of substrate released 0.8 mol of kinin in 5 min when cleaved by human urinary kallikrein (HUK), and 0.9 mol after 30 min. Cleavage of the single-chain LMWK released kinin from within a disulfide loop as indicated by the SDS-gel electrophoresis of reduced and unreduced kinin-free LMWK. The heavy chain exhibited an Mr = 62,000, which is similar to the Mr of the amino-terminal chain of human HMWK and is consistent with their antigenic relatedness. In contrast to the Mr = 64,000 procoagulant chain of human HMWK, the small (less than 10,000) carboxy-terminal chain of LMWK has no procoagulant activity and may serve only to protect the kinin moiety in the intact substrate. PMID- 6557773 TI - Underreporting of needlestick injuries in a university hospital. AB - A survey of 1429 university hospital employees was conducted to estimate the extent of unreported needlestick injuries. Data based on 726 responses show that 40% of needlestick injuries within the past 3 months and 75% of needlestick injuries in the previous year had not been reported. Employees who did not report needlestick injuries were more likely to be new employees (less than 2 years). In addition to nursing, laboratory, and housekeeping employees, inhalation therapists and pharmacists are also at high risk for needlestick injuries. Studies attempting to show a reduction in needlestick injury rate should not use employee health records to assess efficacy. PMID- 6557774 TI - A nursing practice problem: failure to observe aseptic technique. AB - A study was conducted to assess nurses' adherence to a recently revised policy and procedure manual. Medical-surgical nurses (n = 217) were surveyed to assess their perceived ability to perform selected clinical procedures. A sample (n = 34) of respondents was then observed performing the procedures. Analysis of the 37 errors in performance revealed an unanticipated high number of errors (n = 33) in aseptic technique. Type of errors and projected reasons for their occurrence are given. PMID- 6557776 TI - Block nurse program provides home care for older residents. PMID- 6557775 TI - Prevention of rubella in hospitals. PMID- 6557777 TI - ANA starts project to advance national health policy agenda. PMID- 6557778 TI - Nurses' views important on ethical decision team. PMID- 6557780 TI - ANA decision-making process deserves discussion. PMID- 6557779 TI - ANA assembles litigation team to win pay equity for nurses. PMID- 6557781 TI - Legislation to create National Institute of Nursing is proposed. PMID- 6557782 TI - Cooperation needed in reform of care for aging. PMID- 6557783 TI - As I see it...SNA president calls for unity, not divisiveness. PMID- 6557784 TI - Risk management: another OR puzzle to solve? PMID- 6557785 TI - Intraoperative nursing activities. AB - This study was done to describe the behaviors, activities, and cognitive functions of the registered nurse during the intraoperative phase of surgery and to categorize and compare the observed activities with AORN's Statements of basic competency for perioperative nursing. Fifteen randomly selected operating room nurses were observed for more than 210 hours during the intraoperative phase of surgery. Observations were recorded as observed activities and quotations. They were categorized by the coded Statements of basic competency for perioperative nursing. Further categorization was done to determine which basic competencies reflected nursing behaviors, activities, and cognitive functions. Additional data were collected using interviews and questionnaires. This study provided empirical evidence that a small sample of operating room nurses demonstrated most of the basic competencies. It also described the nursing behaviors, activities, and cognitive functions observed during the intraoperative phase of surgery. PMID- 6557786 TI - Nursing roles in vascular access surgery. PMID- 6557787 TI - A staff voice in management. PMID- 6557788 TI - Preoperative fears of older children. PMID- 6557789 TI - Foil, not cloth for endotracheal tube. PMID- 6557790 TI - New technique aids in diagnosis. PMID- 6557791 TI - National Health and Medical Research Council, Occupational health guide - shift work. PMID- 6557793 TI - International nursing. The Brazilian meetings. Quo vadis? Como se vai la? (How do you get there?). PMID- 6557792 TI - The nurse and the law. While on the premises. PMID- 6557794 TI - Thiazide diuretics. PMID- 6557795 TI - Stress and coping strategies in hospitals--a comparison of ICU and ward nurses. PMID- 6557796 TI - Keeping psychiatry afloat in basic nursing courses. PMID- 6557797 TI - The integrated approach: in-patient records and discharge summaries. PMID- 6557798 TI - The deaf child in hospital. PMID- 6557799 TI - Working in an aboriginal community. PMID- 6557800 TI - Plasmapheresis using the continuous flow cell separator. PMID- 6557802 TI - The student nurse's A to Z guide to survival. PMID- 6557801 TI - "Goals in nursing": National Steering Committee and Task Forces for implementing Goals in Nursing, Education Policies--progress report. PMID- 6557803 TI - Analgesics in common use. PMID- 6557804 TI - The nurse and the law: watch your step please! PMID- 6557805 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse: malnutrition and the cancer patient. PMID- 6557806 TI - Death with dignity in a terminal situation. PMID- 6557807 TI - Nursing education in a tertiary setting. PMID- 6557808 TI - A students' evaluation of a tertiary psychiatric course. PMID- 6557809 TI - Prediction, calculation and allocation of staff required for patient care. PMID- 6557810 TI - Refresher courses: do they result in nurses returning to nursing? PMID- 6557811 TI - Our introduction to quality assurance. PMID- 6557812 TI - Rape, apathy--and psychopathy. PMID- 6557814 TI - Some impediments to rehabilitation in dialysis patients. PMID- 6557813 TI - [Identification of subtypes of the Bf system: distribution in a random sample from the population of Berlin (GDR)]. AB - Using isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel (pH range 5.0-8.0) for the classification of Bf types two different subtypes of F bands are visible. The extended polymorphism is composed of six common phenotypes (Bf F', F'F", F", F'S, F"S, and S). The distribution of Bf subtypes was studied in the population (n = 584) from Berlin (GDR). The allele frequencies observed were: BfF' = 0.0916, BfF" = 0.0753, BfS = 0.8202, BfF1 = 0.0060, BfS0.7 = 0.0043, BfS0.3 = 0.0009, BfSvar(new) = 0.0017. PMID- 6557815 TI - Long term care planning: fostering patient involvement. PMID- 6557816 TI - An ego psychological approach to renal rehabilitation. PMID- 6557817 TI - Scientific inquiry and authoritarianism in perinatal care and education. PMID- 6557818 TI - The limits of randomized controlled trials. PMID- 6557819 TI - The politics of co-optation: strategies for childbirth educators. PMID- 6557820 TI - Risks from maternal exposure to photographic chemicals in pregnancy. PMID- 6557821 TI - More on "The Trouble with 'Choice' in Childbirth". PMID- 6557822 TI - Genevieve's birth at Pithiviers. PMID- 6557823 TI - Acceptor activity, isoacceptor profiles and function in protein synthesis of transfer RNAs from regenerating skeletal muscle. AB - Transfer RNAs have been prepared from control and regenerating rat skeletal muscle. The yield of tRNA is highest during the early stages of the regeneration process (5 and 8 days following the induction of regeneration) and decreases to near control values thereafter. The amino acid acceptor activity (extent of aminoacylation) of tRNA from regenerating muscle was also found to be higher for some amino acids than the activity of control tRNA, and the maximum increase in activity was observed between 5 and 8 days following the initiation of regeneration with a decrease to control levels through 15 and 30 days. The isoacceptor pattern, determined by RPC-5 chromatography, for methionyl-tRNAs from control muscle and 5-day regenerating muscle were essentially indistinguishable, while a minor peak of prolyl-tRNA was observed in the population from 5-, 8- and 15-day regenerates which was apparently absent from the control tRNA. Lysyl-tRNAs from control muscle contain two major isoacceptors while a third isoacceptor is observed in the tRNA preparations from 5-, 8- and 15-day regenerating muscle. The relative amount of this third isoacceptor is highest in the 8-day population and decreases in amount in tRNAs from 15- and 30-day regenerates. Control muscle also contains two major glutamyl-tRNA species while a third isoacceptor can be detected in regenerates. The relative amount of this species increases during the early course of the regeneration process but is present at near control levels by 30 days following Marcaine injection. Cell-free protein synthesis using muscle polyribosomes showed that tRNAs from regenerating muscle were more effective in stimulating [35S]methionine incorporation than tRNAs from control muscle. PMID- 6557825 TI - Vietnam veteran nurses speak out on war. PMID- 6557824 TI - Alpha- and beta- rat urinary kallikreins: chemical and physicochemical properties. AB - Alpha- and beta- urinary kallikreins were isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-L-Arg-OMe (E. Silva, C.R. Diniz and M. Mares-Guia, Biochemistry, 13: 4304-4310, 1974). Both enzymes lowered rat arterial blood pressure and contracted the rat uterus. Alpha- and beta-kallikreins consist of single polypeptide chains of 27900 and 24900 daltons and have sedimentation coefficients of 2.49 S and 2.55 S, respectively. The alpha enzyme has 18 amino acid residues more than the beta enzyme and their carbohydrate content is 11.9% and 7.75%, respectively. Neuraminidase treatment removed all sialic acid residues from both forms and this improved their stability in aqueous solution at pH 7.0, 37 degrees C. After electrophoresis on 12% polyacrylamide gels at pH 8.3, followed by activity measurements of gel slices with H-D-Val-Leu-Arg-pNA, two active bands each were detected for alpha and beta-kallikrein, but in different proportions and with different specific activity. On the basis of the rat uterus assay, alpha kallikrein was three times more active than beta-kallikrein. The amino acid composition of alpha-kallikrein is strikingly similar to that of pig kallikrein B and human urinary kallikrein. PMID- 6557826 TI - Vietnam veteran nurses speak out on war. Helicopters, heat and holding the hand of the dying. PMID- 6557827 TI - Vietnam nurses speak out on war. Coming home - a time of elation and confusion. PMID- 6557829 TI - Early days. PMID- 6557828 TI - Death Valley Clinic reclaims community health & pride. PMID- 6557831 TI - Recollections. PMID- 6557830 TI - The North...the people...the places...the job. PMID- 6557832 TI - Commentary. More harm than good? PMID- 6557833 TI - Bella. PMID- 6557834 TI - Mary Martha. PMID- 6557835 TI - Helping people to help themselves--a community development approach to nursing education. PMID- 6557836 TI - These nurses have wings! Fort McMurray's Flying Hospital is the only one of its kind in Canada. PMID- 6557837 TI - Medivac: as real as you can get. PMID- 6557838 TI - Tuberculosis in the north--a lifestyle issue. PMID- 6557839 TI - Nurse, your Mantoux is positive. PMID- 6557840 TI - Summer relief nursing in the north. PMID- 6557841 TI - Boyle McCauley Health Centre, inner city nursing station. PMID- 6557842 TI - Epidural spinal cord compression secondary to metastatic disease: a review of the literature. PMID- 6557843 TI - Dependence-independence behavioral changes in cancer surgical patients. PMID- 6557844 TI - Hospital liability for failure to monitor competence of its staff--part II. PMID- 6557845 TI - Programmed instruction: cancer care. Cancer prevention and detection: testicular cancer. PMID- 6557846 TI - Standards of clinical nursing practice for leukemia: neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6557847 TI - [Nursing, my dedicated profession]. PMID- 6557848 TI - [A headnurse experience]. PMID- 6557849 TI - [How to avoid medicogenic transplantation of malignant tumor in operation]. PMID- 6557850 TI - [Proper use of crutches]. PMID- 6557851 TI - [Nursing of a patient with hemolytic jaundice and acute renal failure caused by severe infection]. PMID- 6557852 TI - [Patient care in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6557853 TI - [The advantages of using a Tenckhoff tube in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6557854 TI - [Selective angiography and patient care]. PMID- 6557856 TI - [Patient care after vertebral angiography by femoral artery intubation]. PMID- 6557855 TI - [Nursing of patients undergoing selective angiography of digestive system]. PMID- 6557857 TI - [Oral rehydration for diarrhea children]. PMID- 6557858 TI - [Nursing of patient with dermatomyositis]. PMID- 6557859 TI - [Study on 15 psychiatric patients who died form suicide and accidents]. PMID- 6557860 TI - [Dietary nursing of patients with mental disease]. PMID- 6557861 TI - [Injective paralysis]. PMID- 6557863 TI - [A brief talk about psychological nursing of TB patient]. PMID- 6557862 TI - [Kidney puncture and patient care]. PMID- 6557864 TI - [Statistical analysis of nursing quality]. PMID- 6557865 TI - [Experience in setting up a model ward]. PMID- 6557866 TI - [Nursing psychology (II)]. PMID- 6557867 TI - [Some problems on the compatibility of antitubercular drugs]. PMID- 6557868 TI - [2 years nursing education in Canton ATC]. PMID- 6557869 TI - A history of involvement. Keynote address. PMID- 6557870 TI - DePaul - a comprehensive treatment center. PMID- 6557871 TI - Milwaukee nursing centers: an overview. PMID- 6557872 TI - Pediatric emergencies. PMID- 6557873 TI - [Nursing and play. Discussion]. PMID- 6557874 TI - [My work and play]. PMID- 6557875 TI - [Work and play. Importance of little pleasures: recommending an optimistic attitude]. PMID- 6557876 TI - [Work and play. Relaxed daily lives--stability in the regimented schedule]. PMID- 6557877 TI - [Work and play. Pleasure in carrying out the projected processes]. PMID- 6557878 TI - [In search of a learning method to improve nursing capability--a reflection on the learning process to obtain a theory from the nursing practice]. PMID- 6557879 TI - [Encouragement for play--phenomenology of people who are unable to play and the therapeutic significance of play]. PMID- 6557880 TI - [Nursing tradition--Ms. Kassai and her students. (4)]. PMID- 6557881 TI - Exercise for everyone: everyone should do it! PMID- 6557883 TI - Exercise for everyone: getting moving in Wessex. PMID- 6557882 TI - Exercise for everyone: the exercise revolution. PMID- 6557884 TI - Exercise for everyone: fitness for fathers. PMID- 6557885 TI - Cough & cold preparation. PMID- 6557887 TI - Clean babies. PMID- 6557886 TI - Exercise for everyone: fitness in old age. PMID- 6557888 TI - Indigestion remedies. PMID- 6557889 TI - Mental handicap: Andrew. PMID- 6557890 TI - Mental handicap: Marjorie. PMID- 6557891 TI - Development of the vascular system. PMID- 6557892 TI - Development of the vascular system. Chairman's introduction. PMID- 6557894 TI - Morphogenesis. PMID- 6557893 TI - Vascularization of experimental tumours. AB - At first sight, experimental tumours in observation chambers seem to contain areas with wide vessels showing a sluggish circulation as well as ischaemic areas. Only by careful analysis on cleared specimens can neovascularization be discerned. This process probably occurs primarily in the perimeter of the tumour. It is quite possible that areas of intense vascularization and ischaemic areas in tumours may both result from differences in intensity between the angiogenic stimulus and local tissue pressure. PMID- 6557895 TI - Endothelial cell regeneration in hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 6557896 TI - A hypothesis of atherogenesis. PMID- 6557897 TI - Patterns of vascularization in the developing cerebral cortex. AB - The vascular system of the cerebral cortex can be adapted to changing metabolic requirements which occur during development. Apart from a purely nutritive function the intracerebral vessels influence embryonal gliogenesis and migration of neuroblasts. The internal vascularization of the cerebral cortex starts during embryonic development and continues until the postnatal period. The formation of new penetrating vascular trunks and intracortical capillary branching is terminated before global brain growth reaches a plateau. The information necessary to develop a vascular system designed for functional needs later in development may already be expressed in the basic fetal pattern. The formation of such a system is probably not under direct metabolic control. The cellular composition of the capillary tube changes with the developmental stage and the actual growth rate of the endothelial cells. In the cerebral cortex the maximal growth rate of capillaries proceeds in a regional- and lamina-specific manner according to a defined ontogenetic time-scale. The importance of a local factor in the regulation of vascular growth is strengthened by this observation. The vascular system of the cerebral cortex is evaluated using morphometry and reconstructions of serial sections at different stages of postnatal development. This study aims to provide a morphological basis which may help to define cellular mechanisms associated with vascular patterning during brain development. PMID- 6557898 TI - The pattern of elastin in the aorta and large arteries of mammals. AB - The arteries of mammals contain large amounts of elastin arranged in concentric lamellae known as medial lamellar units (MLU). In adult mammals of a variety of species the number of lamellar units is roughly proportional to the radius of the artery and the tension/MLU ratio is roughly constant in all species, but greater in the abdominal than in the thoracic aorta. Re-analysis of these data shows that the number of MLU of the abdominal aorta is linearly related to the pulse pressure, while the number of MLU in both the thoracic and abdominal aorta increases exponentially with stroke volume. Preliminary data are presented showing the decrease in number of MLU along the thoracic aorta of both fetal lambs and sheep, and evidence is provided that some of this elastin may be involved in the formation of the small arteries, such as the intercostals, which arise from the aorta. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the elastin on the intimal side of the media was in the form of fenestrated sheets while that on the adventitial side was a fibrous network. The size and density of the fenestrations was greater in fetal lambs and may play a role in allowing growth of the artery. PMID- 6557899 TI - Control of early embryonic heart morphogenesis: a hypothesis. AB - The early events of looping (rotation and bending) of the embryonic vertebrate heart are deformations. The deformative forces and their regulation are intrinsic to the heart. A model of cardiac morphogenesis is described in this paper. It is proposed that synthesis of extracellular matrix by the myocardium generates an internal pressure. This pressure acts as a deforming force on the myocardium which controls strain by regulating compliance. This model provides an explanation of cardiac morphogenesis at the biochemical and biomechanical levels. PMID- 6557900 TI - 'Structural autoregulation'--the local adaptation of vascular beds to chronic changes in pressure. AB - Blood vessels readily adapt their design in response to sustained functional changes. If pressure (P) increases, the resulting thickening of the walls (w) of the resistance vessels, associated with a reduction in average inner radius (ri), keeps wall tension per unit wall layer (T) constant, because the increased w/ri ratio largely balances the raised pressure (Laplace's law: T = P X ri/w). The opposite occurs when there are sustained reductions in pressure. This locally elicited, mainly precapillary structural adaptation is a long-range equivalent to precapillary functional autoregulation and deserves to be called structural autoregulation. In primary hypertension there is an early 'structural resetting' of the systemic precapillary resistance, due to narrowing of ri and to vascular hyperreactivity ensuing from the increase in w/ri. These structural changes imply an increased resistance to flow at normal levels of vascular smooth muscle activity. Furthermore, even mild functional pressor influences will, if sustained, by a positive feedback interaction with the initially mild vascular hyperreactivity gradually accentuate the structural increase in w/ri. Marked rises in pressure may ensue from this interaction, implying that it is a major causative element in primary hypertension. As the renal preglomerular resistance vessels are similarly structurally autoregulated, this implies an early largely parallel resetting of the important renal 'long-term barostat function'. Further, as the walls of large arteries get thicker and stiffer, this helps to reset the baroreceptors. Finally, as the venous capacitance vessels adapt in a similar way the slight rise in average venous pressure in primary hypertension will reduce venous compliance, which helps to 'centralize' the usually slightly reduced blood volume. PMID- 6557901 TI - Biology of vitamin E. PMID- 6557902 TI - Vitamin E and neurological function: abetalipoproteinaemia and other disorders of fat absorption. AB - Evidence that vitamin E is important for normal neurological function in humans is presented. First, in abetalipoproteinaemia early therapy with vitamin E delays and may prevent the development of the neurological complications, and in patients with established lesions treatment can arrest or reverse the neuropathy. Second, in other chronic disorders of fat absorption with severe vitamin E deficiency, neurological manifestations which are very similar to those described in untreated abetalipoproteinaemia can be improved by vitamin E. Vitamin E supplementation is therefore advisable for all patients with chronic fat malabsorption who have low serum vitamin E concentration. Serum vitamin E concentrations should also be measured in patients with spinocerebellar disorders, whatever the aetiology. PMID- 6557903 TI - The effect of vitamin E on rabbit neutrophil activation. AB - Chemoattractants such as N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) cause neutropenia in vivo. The sequestered neutrophils may block the microvasculature and contribute to respiratory distress. Neutrophils from humans receiving 1600 units vitamin E per day have reduced oxidative activity. To test whether vitamin E attenuates the responses of neutrophils to FMLP in vivo we gave rabbits four daily intramuscular injections of 100 mg vitamin E. Serum levels of the vitamin were 2.34 +/- 0.15 mg% compared to 0.19 +/- 0.04 mg% in control rabbits receiving placebo injections. On the fifth day testing was done before and after injecting FMLP. Variables monitored were the absolute granulocyte count (AGC), systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures (MBP), heart rate, PO2, PCO2, pH and respiratory rate. When 0.5 microgram FMLP was injected intravenously the AGC decreased (at 2.5 min the percentage change was -89.7 +/- 8.0 with vitamin E and 97.0 +/- 2.7 without vitamin E; P = 0.2). MBP decreased also (% change, -29.0 +/- 13.0 with vitamin E and -36.3 +/- 16.0, without vitamin E). By 15 min recovery was seen (AGC % change, -26.0 +/- 17 with vitamin E and -78.7 +/- 10.5, without vitamin E; P = 0.01; MBP % change, -9.3 +/- 3.8 with vitamin E and -52.3 +/- 10.1 without vitamin E). Chromatographic analysis of serum extracts revealed increases in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha after stimulation. Studies with [3h]thymidine-labelled neutrophils showed that the sequestered cells return to the circulation. Vitamin E might facilitate this return by altering the adherence of neutrophils to endothelium. This possibility was tested by measuring the adherence to cultivated rabbit aorta endothelial monolayers of FMLP-stimulated neutrophils from vitamin E treated rabbits. The percentage of neutrophils adhering was 32.5 +/- 3.5 with vitamin E and 60.0 +/- 7.1, without vitamin E. Thus vitamin E promotes the return of neutrophils to the circulation after chemotactic challenge and may do so by reducing their adherence to endothelium. PMID- 6557904 TI - Experimental models for nutritional myopathy. AB - Nutritional myopathy is a disease affecting young ruminants. The aetiological factors and their relative importance in disease development have been explored. A theoretical model has been developed and tested experimentally. The disease can be produced consistently using a recently developed vitamin E- and selenium deficient diet. Disease can occur spontaneously in animals maintained on this diet alone over an extended period. Alternatively, myopathy can be induced in deficient animals by feeding polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic and linolenic acid from corn and linseed oils respectively. For ruminants the oils are protected to prevent hydrogenation in the rumen. Because a similar protective mechanism appears to occur with normal ruminant forages such as grass, and the development of disease is so similar to that occurring naturally, polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to play a major role in the development of the disease. The experimental disease reproduces extensive and consistent lesions of skeletal and cardiac myopathy. Hyaline necrosis occurs in the skeletal muscle fibres of many major muscle groups. In the heart the accumulation of droplets of lipofuscin like pigment in Purkinje fibres is the initial lesion, followed by necrosis of Purkinje fibres and peri-Purkinje fibrosis. The accumulating pigment has been characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy and histochemical techniques. The cardiac pathology results in detectable electrocardiographic abnormalities and sudden death. PMID- 6557905 TI - Vitamin E and skeletal muscle. AB - Vitamin E deficiency causes a myopathy in a number of animal species but the mechanism of the damage is obscure. The role of vitamin E in protecting skeletal muscle against exercise-induced damage has been investigated using both in situ and in vitro preparations. Muscles from vitamin E-deficient mice and rats were more prone than normal to damage during contractile activity; the tissue rather than the plasma level of the vitamin is probably the more important factor in this respect. Although vitamin E-deficient muscle was found to be more susceptible to peroxidative damage when stressed with iron and ascorbic acid, it was not possible to demonstrate that the damage occurring during contractile activity was mediated by free radicals. PMID- 6557907 TI - The role of vitamin E in biological membranes. AB - The view that vitamin E functions in living systems primarily as a lipid antioxidant and free-radical scavenger has gained widespread acceptance. As a result of a large recent increase in knowledge of the potentially damaging effects of certain oxygen metabolites, the role of vitamin E can now be placed in context as one factor in a complex protective system that includes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases, including the seleno-enzyme glutathione peroxidase. alpha-Tocopherol is presumed to occur in association with intracellular membranes, but the techniques on which this presumption was based have been insufficiently sensitive to allow its confident acceptance. The hypothesis that the unique molecular structure of the phytyl side-chain of alpha tocopherol enables specific physicochemical interactions with arachidonyl residues of membrane phospholipids can explain how molecules of alpha-tocopherol are bound within biological membranes. The interaction between alpha-tocopherol and unsaturated phospholipids has been studied using a tissue culture technique. The results suggest that alpha-tocopherol is capable of exerting a controlling influence upon the linoleyl and arachidonyl residues within membrane phospholipids which cannot be explained on the basis of the antioxidant function of the vitamin, and which may provide evidence for the above hypothesis. PMID- 6557906 TI - Vitamin E as an antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. AB - Measurements of the absolute rate constants for the reaction with peroxyl radicals of alpha, beta, gamma and delta-tocopherol and several model compounds are described. The peroxyl radicals were obtained either by the autoxidation of styrene or by the flash photolysis of di-t-butyl ketone in an oxygen-saturated environment. The kinetic data are discussed in stereoelectronic terms. Vitamin E and total lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant concentrations in some normal and cancerous tissues have been measured. In human blood plasma and erythrocyte ghost membranes vitamin E is the major, and possibly the only, chain-breaking antioxidant. Lipid extracts of Novikoff ascites hepatoma cells contain considerably more vitamin E relative to lipid than do extracts of normal rat liver. These tumour lipids contain relatively fewer highly unsaturated fatty acids and are present at lower lipid/wet tissue ratios than the normal liver lipids. A number of unresolved problems relating to the action of vitamin E in vivo are discussed. PMID- 6557908 TI - Vitamin E, physical exercise and tissue oxidative damage. AB - Oxidative damage and the role of antioxidants and prooxidants in aerobic metabolism is of great current interest; it spans areas of research such as carcinogenesis, ageing, toxicology and nutrition. We have used Bantin-Kingman female rats for both in vivo and in vitro studies. In these animals we have altered the levels of all-rac-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) by dietary means and have used physical exercise and visible light exposure to alter oxidative stress. Our results show a progressive and specific increase in the susceptibility of many subcellular membranes to oxidative damage with increasing levels of vitamin E deficiency and/or physical stress. In addition, endurance training raised the levels of antioxidative enzymic pathways in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. PMID- 6557910 TI - Staff nurses as patient educators. PMID- 6557909 TI - Neuropathological studies of chronic vitamin E deficiency in mammals including humans. AB - Lesions in the nervous system and skeletal muscles of vitamin E-deficient rats, monkeys and humans were studied morphologically and morphometrically. The experimental animals were fed purified, vitamin E-deficient diets for periods from two months to six years. In some studies deficient animals were repleted by feeding 200 mg all-rac-alpha-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet. The humans were children with congenital biliary atresia, low serum levels of vitamin E, and a consistent, progressive neurological syndrome. These studies demonstrate that chronic vitamin E deficiency in rats, monkeys and humans is characterized by a progressive, systematic degeneration of large calibre, myelinated sensory axons in spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The axonopathy is most severe in the rostral segments of the posterior or dorsal columns. Dystrophic axons are numerous in the sensory relay nuclei of cord and medulla in rats and humans, and infrequent in monkeys. Primary, necrotizing myopathy occurs regularly in vitamin E-deficient rats and monkeys. Regenerative changes in the peripheral nerves and skeletal muscles of deficient animals are morphologically typical and develop promptly, despite the deficiency. Repletion of deficient animals with vitamin E interrupts both the axonopathy and the myopathy, indicating the direct role of vitamin E deficiency in the pathogenesis of both lesions. PMID- 6557911 TI - Reactions of diabetic children and their parents to advertising by diabetes organizations. PMID- 6557912 TI - Third party reimbursement: an alternate approach. PMID- 6557913 TI - Using change theory to help the diabetic. PMID- 6557914 TI - Patient burnout, and other reasons for noncompliance. PMID- 6557916 TI - Insulin pump. PMID- 6557915 TI - A team approach to... the obese type II diabetic. PMID- 6557917 TI - Tips for nutrition education of the hospitalized diabetic patient. PMID- 6557918 TI - [Current methods and agents for sterilizing medical articles]. PMID- 6557919 TI - [Determination of the fetal head presentation during the process of labor]. PMID- 6557920 TI - [Heart rhythm disorders]. PMID- 6557921 TI - [Transient cerebral circulatory disorders]. PMID- 6557922 TI - [Alcoholic lesions of the liver]. PMID- 6557923 TI - [Rendering emergency care to young infants]. PMID- 6557924 TI - [Female hygiene in the climacteric (material for talks)]. PMID- 6557925 TI - [Urolithiasis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6557926 TI - [Disordered tubal pregnancy]. PMID- 6557927 TI - [Paroxysmal tachycardia]. PMID- 6557928 TI - [Management of pregnancy and labor in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6557929 TI - [Origin of drug names]. PMID- 6557930 TI - [Professional ethics and morality of the paramedical worker]. PMID- 6557931 TI - [Control of the efficacy of sterilization]. PMID- 6557932 TI - [Role of paramedical personnel in delivering obstetrical and gynecological care to workers in viscose production]. PMID- 6557933 TI - [Pneumonia in children. Care and treatment]. PMID- 6557934 TI - [Occupational allergies]. PMID- 6557935 TI - [Myopia]. PMID- 6557936 TI - [Physicians' movement for preventing nuclear war]. PMID- 6557937 TI - [Convulsions in newborn infants]. PMID- 6557938 TI - [The nursing mother, drugs and the child]. PMID- 6557940 TI - [Health education of the population in the problems of environmental protection]. PMID- 6557939 TI - [Aist table for the health treatment of newborn infants]. PMID- 6557941 TI - [Pyelonephritis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6557942 TI - [Uterine myoma and metrorrhagia]. PMID- 6557944 TI - [Prevention and treatment of hypogalactia]. PMID- 6557943 TI - [Stenocardia masquerading as pleurisy]. PMID- 6557945 TI - [Current ethical and deontological problems of modern medicine]. PMID- 6557946 TI - Neurologic assessment of altered states of consciousness. Part I. PMID- 6557947 TI - Cardiac patient learning in the hospital setting. PMID- 6557948 TI - Expanding role and legal liability. PMID- 6557949 TI - Permanent cardiac pacing. Technology and follow-up. PMID- 6557950 TI - Is certification necessary for specialty practice? PMID- 6557951 TI - The most effective method of wound irrigation. PMID- 6557952 TI - Needs of relatives of cardiac surgery patients during the critical care phase. PMID- 6557953 TI - Luther christman: doing things differently. PMID- 6557954 TI - Neurologic assessment of altered states of consciousness. Part II. PMID- 6557955 TI - The polytrauma patient: multiple problems and nursing management. PMID- 6557956 TI - The aged patient in the critical care setting. PMID- 6557957 TI - Monitoring apnea in premature newborns: how effective are conventional techniques? PMID- 6557958 TI - The impact of 12-hour scheduling on recruitment and retention. PMID- 6557959 TI - Legal liability in the emergency department. PMID- 6557960 TI - The old and the new. PMID- 6557961 TI - Strategies for a basic dysrhythmia course. PMID- 6557962 TI - The maze of career change--making decisions that guide you through the process. PMID- 6557963 TI - AIDS is top priority for U.S. Public Health Service. PMID- 6557964 TI - Influencing health policy through the political process. PMID- 6557965 TI - Committee heal thyself. PMID- 6557967 TI - [Plasma fibronectin in normal pregnancy and EPH gestosis]. AB - Plasma fibronectin was determined during normal pregnancy after 15th week, post partum, in cord blood and in cases of EPH gestosis. Non-pregnant women of a comparable age group were examined for plasma fibronectin concentration. Fibronectin at the end of gestation was at about the same level as at the beginning of the second trimester and as in non-pregnant women. The amount of fibronectin remains post partum practically the same. Cord blood fibronectin was about half the concentration of that in adult plasma. In EPH gestosis, levels were significantly elevated. PMID- 6557966 TI - [Oxytocin (OT) and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha (PGFM) levels after intracervical administration of PGE2 gel combined with administration of beta mimetics; biochemical changes and clinical consequences]. AB - Intracervical application of 0.4 mg PGE2 gel for achieving maturity of the cervix before necessary inducement of labour results in 1-2% of the cases in permanent contractions in association with foetal bradycardias (Goeschen and Saling, 6). This Complication can be removed by the administration of the beta-mimetic Fenoterol given by the intravenous route. Basing on this fact we tried to find out whether it would be possible to prevent an increase in labour activity by administering Fenoterol before applying PGE2 without impairing the softening effect, and also how the OT and PGFM concentrations in the plasma are affected. To clarify this, we compared the clinical and biochemical results obtained in 5 patients who had been given 5 mg Fenoterol orally before receiving 0.4 mg PGE2 gel, with the results obtained in patients who had been treated without any previous Fenoterol administration with either 0.4 mg PGE2 (n = 10), 0.8 mg PGE2 (n = 6) or placebo gel (n = 5). In all groups treated with the preparation were obtained significant differences compared with the placebo group in respect of maturation of the cervix. Oral administration of Fenoterol did not produce any weaking of the softening effect; an increase of the dose to 0.8 mg did not result in an enhancement. After intracervical administration of 0.4 mg PGE2 gel the PGFM values remained unchanged with and without Fenoterol administration; the same was true also after 0.8 mg PGE2 and after placebo. As with spontaneous labour, a significant PGFM increase was seen only if the cervical diameter had attained 7 cm or more.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6557968 TI - [Detection of fetal movements in the tocogram]. AB - The total fetal movement activity was determined in 111 pregnant patients from 24 weeks to 42 weeks by simultaneous real-time ultrasonography and tocodynamometry. A comparison of the methods of investigation showed that tocodynamometry only detects 37% of all fetal movements with or without movements of the extremities. Movements of the extremities were only recorded in 14% of the cases. A total of only 25% of all fetal movements showed "spikes" in the tocogram. Of all the recorded spikes only 56% corresponded to a fetal movement, whereas 44% of the spikes in the tocogram were false-positive. These data demonstrate that routine clinical cardiotocography has a limited value only in the monitoring of fetal movement activity. PMID- 6557969 TI - [Modification of echographically detectable epiphyseal centers by the sex, weight and length of the fetus]. AB - An investigation on the influence of foetal factors on the size and the appearance of epiphysis centres in the foetal knee is performed in 222 cases with well-defined duration of amenorrhoea. While the weight and the length of the infants show a significant influence at least on the size of the femoral centres, sex does not have any influence on the diameter. The time of the echographic appearance of epiphysis centres does not depend on any of the investigated foetal parameters. PMID- 6557970 TI - [Significance of vascular changes in the colposcopic diagnosis of precancerous and early stages of cervical cancer]. AB - Blood vessels are visible in an average of 80% of patients on whom colposcopy is performed. This percentage share increases if there are pathological changes. The following vascular types occur as characteristic criteria in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and in carcinoma, their classification being based on structural properties such as calibre, long and intercapillary spaces, shape and arrangement of the vessels, as well as their functional state: Abnormal vessels; pathological vessels of the 1st and 2nd degree; uncharacteristic vessels (also known as "troubled vessels"). The author discusses the architecture, adaptive vasodilation and formation of new vessels in connection with morphological changes in the epithelium. Their occurrence is evaluated statistically, and an inference is drawn from these studies on the efficiency of vascular diagnosis. The following conclusions are arrived at on the basis of the examined material: The abnormal vessel result from a proliferation of the abnormal or dysplastic epithelium. The pathological vessels of the 1st degree occur as maximum type of adaptive vascular change resulting in the course of carcinomatous proliferation. The pathological changes of the 2nd degree, on the other hand, become visible as new formations in invasively growing carcinomas only. There is a connection between the presence of pathological types of vessels and the carcinomatous degeneration of the epithelium and the invasive growth. Assessment of the vessels must be performed parallel to the assessment of the epithelium via acetic acid or lactic acid test. This facilitates colposcopic diagnosis of precarcinomic and early stages of cervical carcinoma and enables conclusions to be drawn on an invasive growth of the carcinoma. PMID- 6557972 TI - [Problems in the preoperative diagnosis of cervical involvement in endometrial carcinoma]. AB - In adenocarcinoma of the endometrium it is very important to differentiate stage I from stage II, since each of these stages involves different metastasizing paths necessitating different surgical approaches. Fractionated abrasion yields considerably imprecise information on the extension of the tumour. Whereas a negative cervical fraction is diagnostically very safe, the identification of a tumour via this fraction requires further testing, since contamination by a carcinoma of the endometrium limited to the corpus is more likely than a carcinoma which has penetrated into the cervix. It is recommended to perform additional diagnostic measures, in particular hysteroscopy with target-specific biopsy or abrasion. PMID- 6557971 TI - [Accuracy and practicability of the Prevical curette for the early diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma]. AB - .he Prevical curette is a new instrument for an early diagnosis of carcinoma of the endometrium. The good acceptance of this method, which can be practised on an outpatient basis without anaesthesia, has been described by other groups of researchers. To check its reliability, we analysed endometrium specimens of 105 patients both cytologically and histologically. The collection of the material by the cytological method was successful in 99% of the cases, whereas clinical interpretation was possible in 94%. With nine carcinomas of the endometrium in the examined women, no false negative result was obtained. Hence, the use of this curette seems to be useful in patients with special risk factors and patients who cannot be anaesthetised. It should, always be kept in mind that the Prevical curette is conceived as a screening method which cannot replace histological clarification. PMID- 6557973 TI - [The Williams-Richardson vaginopexy as a surgical therapy in vaginal inversion in vaginal stump prolapse]. AB - Genuine prolapse of the vaginal stump following total hysterectomy, which must be differentiated from the relatively frequent vaginal descent after hysterectomy usually not requiring additional surgery, is generally a rare positional anomaly of the female genitalia and is by no means easy to correct. This phenomenon requires special surgery to restore or preserve the ability to have intercourse. The article discusses the surgical techniques described in international literature which are suitable for correcting a prolapse of the vaginal stump. Basing on 31 patients treated by the authors, the advantages offered by vaginopexy after Williams and Richardson in the treatment of vaginal inversion following hysterectomy are discussed. In spite of the relatively limited number of patients, the results followed up about three years after surgical correction justify recommending this still rarely employed procedure. Its advantages are: secure fixation of the prolapsed vault of the vagina with nearly optimal anatomic and functional restoration of the vagina, maintained or regained ability to have intercourse, considerable and nearly complete freedom from subjective complaints, and obviously also a low likelihood of relapse. PMID- 6557974 TI - [Complaints caused by episiotomy. Study of 413 women with spontaneous complication-free labor]. AB - In 413 women following normal spontaneous delivery the short and long term complaints due to the episiotomy were studied. Every fifth woman found the cutting of the episiotomy painful. Episiotomies done by specialist's or chief residents were found to be less-painful. The suturing of the episiotomy was found to be painful by 4 of 10 women. The more experienced the surgeon the less was the pain. Only every tenth woman had no pain in the episiotomy immediately post partum independent of the experience of the obstetrician. Medilateral episiotoma were twice as often very painful (21%) as median episiotomies (11%). Every fifth woman had pain in the perineum for more than one month. A third of these women had more pain with sexual intercourse than prior to delivery. Every tenth woman had infections in the episiotomy, half of these required treatment. Following medio-lateral episiotomy there were twice as many complication with the episiotomy than following median-episiotomy. Every fifth woman though that her vagina and perineum was disfigured by the episiotomy scar. This impression was independent of the type of episiotomy and of the experience of the obstetrician. More dyspareunia than prior to delivery was reported by twice as many primipara (20%) as multipara (11%). 18% of the women reported that the vaginal introitus appeared to be narrower than prior to the delivery. PMID- 6557975 TI - [Use of magnesium sulfate as an anticonvulsant in severe pregnancy toxemia and eclampsia]. AB - Animal experimental studies conducted at the turn of the century resulted in the use of magnesium sulphate as an anticonvulsant in humans. In U.S. clinics, parenteral administration of magnesium sulphate became a routine procedure in the treatment of eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. This treatment has proved very effective in treating convulsions in pregnancy provided an adequate dosage was given amounting to up to 60 g daily. Mother and infant mortality were largely eliminated. Numerous clinical studies showed a negligible side effect rate. Side effects in the foetus: These are due to penetration of magnesium into the foetal blood circulation. Reports on an inhibition of cardiac rate fluctuation and changes in calcium levels have been contradictory, and hence not generally accepted. It is claimed that the parathormone level may drop slightly. Isolated reports on foetal magnesium intoxications associated with depression of breathing, slackness and hyporeflexia often prompt the conclusion that this disease pattern had been due to immaturity and asphyxia. Generally, foetal magnesium blood levels do not correlate well with signs of magnesium intoxication. Urine excretion is greatly slowed down in foetal immaturity. Side effects in the mother: Short-term relaxing action on the uterus has been described frequently. High dosages have been successfully used in arresting labour if there is a tendency to premature birth. Increase in uterine blood flow was seen after administration of magnesium sulphate in animal experiments. Magnesium is said to reduce blood coagulation by influencing fibrinolysis and thrombocyte resistance. However, a somewhat enhanced loss of blood during birth is said to be more likely due to relaxation of the uterus than to a disturbance of blood coagulation. Rapid intravenous injection causes short-term flushing, nausea and vomiting. Short-acting drops in blood pressure are possible. The cardiac output is said to increase at the conventional dosage level whereas the peripheral resistance drops due to vasodilation. Increases and decreases in heart rate have been reported, but in most cases no changes were seen. Changes in ventricular action time occur with toxic doses only, which can lead to cardiac arrest in the diastole. Other toxic signs are hyporeflexia, depressed breathing and CNS depressions which may result in coma. Hyporeflexia always occurs before the other toxic signs appear, so that it can be used as a clinical control criterion. Calcium gluconate, given via the IV route, is a good and rapid-acting antidote.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6557976 TI - [Significance of the albumin content for axillary metastasis in breast cancer]. AB - A very pronounced and significant difference in albumen concentration is seen in 337 breast cancer tissues compared with 94 histologically benign breast tissues. In cancer of the breast the mean albumen concentration is 8.4 mg/g tissue, whereas benign breast tissues show in 94% of the cases an albumen concentration of over 10 mg/g tissue, mean 16.4 mg/g. In breast cancer, 72% of the tissues have an albumen concentration up to 10 mg/g (cancers of low albumen content), whereas in 28% the albumen concentration lies over 10 mg/g (cancers of high albumen content). On analysing the axillary lymph node involvement in the two groups: low albumen and high albumen concentration, we find significantly more axillary metastases in the low-albumen than in the high-albumen cancer group. The difference is most pronounced when more then 3 lymph nodes are involved. This high lymph node involvement is found twice as often in the low-albumen than in the high-albumen group. It can be concluded that low-albumen breast cancers show a noticeably higher tendency to axillary lymph node metastases than do high albumen cancers. PMID- 6557977 TI - [Minute carcinomas of the breast in a histologic and mammographic comparison]. AB - Minute carcinomas of the breast in 24 cases with a diameter of maximal 0.5 cm (Group I) were compared with infiltrating carcinomas with a tumour diameter of 1.8 to 2.4 cm (Group II). Qualitative differences to larger carcinomas were found. Microscopically minute carcinomas of group I showed a significantly higher number of lobular and medullary structures, lower malignancy grades I and II of Bloom were found. Lymph vessel invasion and axillary metastases were found less often. The radiological size of minute carcinomas was greater than there microscopic diameter in contradistinction to larger carcinomas which showed a good correlation between microscopic and radiologic diameter of the tumour. The covering tissue rich in fibroblasts and poor in fibers of minute carcinomas is responsible for this difference. The stroma portions rich in fibers of larger carcinomas are responsible for the characteristic spiculae formations in the mammography. The fiber poor tissue around minute carcinomas showed non characteristic radiological findings. New radiological findings in the contralateral breast especially when combined with micro-calcifications and parenchymal structures P2 and Dy of Wolfe require an immediate biopsy and were found more often in both groups. PMID- 6557978 TI - [Aspiration cytology as method for the early morphologic diagnosis of recurrent breast cancer]. AB - The results of aspiration cytology of suspicious indurations in patients following primary treatment of carcinoma of the breast are reported. Within 6 years 115 aspiration cytologies were performed in 84 patients. 63 recurrent cancers were diagnosed. 4 recurrences (6%) were not diagnosed by aspiration cytology. False positive tests were not observed. Aspiration cytology has a high accuracy and results in rapid morphological confirmation of a recurrence in early suspicious changes. PMID- 6557979 TI - [Psychosocial background in sterility patients]. AB - 150 childless couples from the infertility clinic of the department of gynecology and obstetrics, University of Graz, received a questionnaire. Psychosocial factors and special problems of childless marriage represented the background at which the investigation was aimed. Of special interest were the reactions of the male partner regarding the andrological investigation within the gynecological department. The patients were confronted by a total of 41 questions. 15 of them were equal for both partners, whereas the male partner had to answer 11 additional questions. The questionnaire concerned problems such as interactions of the couple, motivations for the desire of children, psychosomatics, andrological investigation within the gynecological department and the organization of the andrological outpatient section. 72% of the questionnaires were returned. More than 50% of the sterile couples preferred to attend the infertility clinic together. 26% felt restrictions in their sexual behaviour due to the unrealized desire of children, 48% expected an improvement in their partnership if they could have children. 98% considered their childless marriage as a problem of both partners. The desire to set up a family ranks first on the list of motivations. The evaluation of the questionnaire yielded valuable results for the infertility clinic and especially for the andrological department. 72% of the andrological patients did not feel embarrassed by being evaluated and treated in a women's department. 63% preferred to attend the andrological department jointly with their wife. PMID- 6557980 TI - [Rubella immunity in pregnant women in 1983]. AB - The measurement of diaplacentally transferred specific antibodies in 2153 samples of dried blood of our neonatal screening programme for the detection of inborn errors of metabolism showed that only 4.3% of the children's mothers lacked immunity to rubella in March 1983. This demonstrated a substantial improvement as compared with 1979 and 1982 when 9.3 and 5.3% of the mothers were susceptible to infection with the rubella virus. The reimbursement of serological testing by the legal insurance companies and the vaccination in case of negative results were considered instrumental in reducing the susceptibility to rubella. PMID- 6557981 TI - [Cadmium and lead concentrations in the amniotic fluid of pregnant smokers and non-smokers]. AB - Many studies showed the unhealthy effect of smoking on the fetus. Several mechanisms for the unfavorable effect are discussed. In the last few years interest has been shown in the occurrence of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead in smoke. In animal experiments high doses of cadmium showed mutations, teratogenicity and low doses showed retardation of fetal growth. Amniotic fluid examinations of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women showed that there is no barrier to cadmium from the placenta. A direct correlation between cigarette smoking and cadmium concentration in the amniotic fluid was found. Cadmium was discussed as a reason for hypertension. But this was not verified in our study. There were no correlations between the cadmium and lead content of amniotic fluid and the gestational age, and disturbances of the pregnancy nor a correlation to the incidence of abortions. The lead concentration in the amniotic fluid of smokers and non-smokers showed no significant difference. This is attributed to the ubiquitous exposition to lead with increasing pollution of the environment. The relatively small additional amounts of lead in cigarettes do not increase the amount of lead in the amniotic fluid. PMID- 6557982 TI - [Duty of the gynecologist to inform a pregnant patient about the need for or desirability of amniocentesis]. AB - When a woman above age 35 even a multiparous women asks her obstetrician about the necessity or desirability of a genetic amniocentesis the obstetrician is obliged to inform the patient comprehensively about the risks of amniocentesis and the advantages of amniocentesis. Advantages are detection of chromosomal abnormalities, risks are premature rupture of the membranes or abortion. The obstetricians contract obliges him to recommend or not recommend such tests. If the obstetrician does not give the information to the patient because he is not familiar with the newest scientific standards or because his personal conscience is against amniocentesis because of the possibility of a subsequent eugenic therapeutic abortion the obstetrician must refer the patient to another obstetrician. If the obstetrician does not inform the parents he is liable for the total cost of maintaining a mongoloid infant. PMID- 6557983 TI - [Components of the kallikrein-kinin series: their possible effect on the mosaicism of the system of regulating the blood aggregate status]. PMID- 6557984 TI - Scared to death ... almost. PMID- 6557985 TI - Nursing home admissions made more rational. PMID- 6557986 TI - All-out care for an Alzheimer patient. PMID- 6557987 TI - CADET, a self-care assessment tool. PMID- 6557988 TI - Nurse clinician in a multidisciplinary geriatric clinic. PMID- 6557989 TI - 70+ and going strong. Honored elder of a proud people. PMID- 6557990 TI - Alcohol--the drug that's also a nutrient. PMID- 6557991 TI - FNS and the hospice movement. PMID- 6557992 TI - Of snakes and computers, couriers and mountains--the saga of a modern-day volunteer. PMID- 6557993 TI - The financial distress of higher education: impact on nursing. PMID- 6557994 TI - Priorities for Nurse Training Act legislation: a national survey of nursing deans. PMID- 6557995 TI - Reducing nursing faculty workloads without increasing costs. PMID- 6557996 TI - Cognitive development: a critical component of baccalaureate nursing education. PMID- 6557997 TI - A constant comparative method for teaching research critiquing to baccalaureate nursing students. PMID- 6557998 TI - Master's education: a need for nomenclature. PMID- 6557999 TI - If the nightmare comes true: what to do if you flunk your state boards. PMID- 6558001 TI - Nationwide job update. PMID- 6558000 TI - Does education end after the R.N.? PMID- 6558002 TI - Entry into practice: a career entry guide for nurses. PMID- 6558003 TI - Immunoreactive glandular kallikrein in plasma during alterations of urinary kallikrein excretion. AB - To determine whether maneuvers known to modify immunoreactive urinary kallikrein excretion (iUKK) also alter the concentration of immunoreactive glandular kallikrein (iGKK) in plasma, we measured iGKK in the plasma and urine of rats before, at 1 week, and at 3 weeks after induction of two-kidney, one clip hypertension, low sodium intake, and DOCA-salt hypertension. Glandular kallikrein in plasma and urine was measured by radioimmunoassay. Clipping of a renal artery decreased iUKK from 11.7 +/- 0.5 microgram/24 hr/100 g body weight (BW) to 7.8 +/ 0.5 and 8.2 +/- 0.5 at 1 and 3 weeks after surgery without significantly changing iGKK in plasma. The level of iGKK in the plasma did not correlate significantly with iUKK in the clipped group. Low sodium intake significantly increased iUKK, which rose from 6.6 +/- 0.3 microgram/24 hr/100 g BW to 9.6 +/- 0.5 and 13.9 +/- 0.7 after 1 and 3 weeks. In addition, low sodium intake appeared to increase iGKK in plasma, and a significant positive correlation was observed between iUKK and iGKK in plasma in the group on low sodium diet (r = 0.65, p less than 0.01). DOCA-salt treatment increased iUKK significantly from 10.4 +/- 0.6 microgram/24 hr/100 g BW to 17.1 +/- 1.4 and 22.6 +/- 2.3 at 1 and 3 weeks after. The iGKK in plasma increased from 13.8 +/- 0.5 to 15.4 +/- 0.7 ng/ml (p less than 0.05) at 1 week after the DOCA-salt treatment began, but it returned to pretreatment levels 3 weeks later (14.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, n.s.).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6558005 TI - [Pedagogy of awakening and development in high school as exemplified by practical culinary instruction in manual and technical education]. PMID- 6558004 TI - Malignant hypertension: a syndrome accompanied by plasmatic diminution of low and high molecular weight kininogens. AB - Total kininogen (Kgn), kallikrein, and prekallikrein were measured in patients with malignant hypertension (MH), essential hypertension (EH), normotensive control (NC), and hypertension and chronic renal failure (HRF). These components of the kallikrein-kinin system were related to the levels of creatinine and fibrinogen. High molecular weight Kgn and low molecular weight Kgn were also measured in blood samples from a peripheral vein, arterial blood, and suprahepatic vein in NC, EH, and MH. Results showed that total Kgn levels were diminished in MH and this diminution could not be ascribed to decreases in renal function, hematocrit, or fibrinogen levels. Appropriate antihypertensive treatment for over 1 year did not normalize Kgn levels in 10 of 11 patients. High molecular weight Kgn and low molecular weight Kgn were both diminished in MH (0.26 +/- 0.04 nmol bradykinin/ml and 0.93 +/- 0.12 nmol lysyl-bradykinin/ml, respectively) as compared to NC (0.39 +/- 0.07 and 1.92 +/- 0.16) and EH (0.51 +/ 0.07 and 1.65 +/- 0.13). Higher concentrations of high molecular weight Kgn were demonstrated in the suprahepatic vein as compared to arterial blood, demonstrating its synthesis by the liver. However, patients with MH had a diminished capacity to synthetize high molecular weight Kgn. A decrease in synthesis of high molecular weight Kgn may be a partial explanation for low levels of total Kgn. It is suggested that a lack of Kgn may play a role in the pathogenesis of MH. PMID- 6558006 TI - [Nutrition at school and the "cuisine" of education]. PMID- 6558007 TI - [Calcitonin]. PMID- 6558008 TI - [Lipid assessment, dislipoproteinemias and atherogenic risk]. PMID- 6558009 TI - [Presentation by Mister Edmond Herve, State Secretary of Health]. PMID- 6558010 TI - [Computers in health care: utopia or reality?]. PMID- 6558012 TI - Learning to pass--a report of a study of graduates from the Department of Nursing, Western Australian Institute of Technology, Perth. PMID- 6558011 TI - A hospital staff support program: design and evaluation. AB - The literature indicates that nurses on special care units experience stress resulting from the role conflict and ambiguity to which they are exposed. Role theory predicts that such individuals will become dissatisfied with their work and will decrease their confidence in supervisors and co-workers. Consequently, it was hypothesized that a staff support program designed to assist nurses to cope with role conflict and ambiguity would result in reduced stress; increased satisfaction with work, supervision, and co-workers; and decreased staff turnover. A nine week staff support program was implemented on a hospice unit in a large, private, general hospital. The program utilized an insight-oriented approach focused on specific sources of stress combined with structured exercises designed to facilitate nurses' ability to cope with stress resulting from a role conflict and ambiguity. Data were collected from two groups to hospice nurses using a Nursing Stress Scale developed for this study, the Job Description Index, and personnel records. A quasi-experimental research design was used to assess the validity and generalizability of the results of the program. Data were analyzed in four stages: (i) pre-program levels of stress and job satisfaction were analyzed using a multivariate profile analysis; (ii) correlated t-tests were used to test for significant differences between pre- and post-program levels of stress; (iii) a repeated measures ANOVA was used to examine the effect of the program on job satisfaction; (iv) turnover among the nursing staff on four other hospital units was compared to the hospice unit. Results of the evaluation indicated that the support program was effective in reducing nursing stress, increasing job satisfaction, and decreasing staff turnover. The implications of the study for the design and evaluation of hospital staff support programs are discussed. PMID- 6558013 TI - A comparison of the knowledge and attitudes about smoking among nurses who never smoked, those who have successfully stopped smoking and those who currently smoke. PMID- 6558014 TI - Program development and maternal-child health consultation: a conceptual model for role enactment in developing countries. AB - Increasingly, nurses are serving as consultants in designing programs to improve the health of individuals in developing countries. In order to be effective, such programs must reflect the socio-cultural context in which identified health problems occur. This can become problematic when nurses work as consultants in cultures with which they are unfamiliar. This paper proposes the use of the World Health Organization's risk strategy approach as a conceptual framework for developing culture specific programs in maternal-infant health. Suggested consultant role behaviors are articulated with this approach and the various phases of program development using an ongoing project in Juarez, Mexico to which the author has provided nursing consultation as a concrete example. PMID- 6558015 TI - The relationship of internal locus of control, value placed on health, perceived importance of exercise, and participation in physical activity during leisure. PMID- 6558016 TI - Role perception and role enactment of the nurse and their determinants in a teaching hospital in Nigeria. AB - This study was conducted to compare nurses' perception of their role with the perception which physicians and patients have of the role of nurses in a teaching hospital incorporating a school of nursing and midwifery; to explore the underlying reasons for the discrepancies found; to examine the effects of discrepancies in role perception on the effectiveness of patient care and to discuss the findings in the light of nursing education curricula in Nigeria. Questionnaires, listing ten technical/instrumental and expressive/humanitarian nursing functions were administered to three groups of respondents (nurses, physicians and patients). They were requested to select any five statements that best described what nurses did, and to rank them according to how often the functions described were seen being practised. A second questionnaire, administered only to the nurse respondents, elicited a number of background parameters related to nursing career. The results from the first questionnaire show that nurses did not seem to agree with patients and physicians on the perception and enactment of their role. Nurses saw their role as equally technical/instrumental and expressive/humanitarian, whereas patients and physicians saw it as more expressive/humanitarian, the patients being particularly more inclined to this perception. Most significant was the disagreement between patients and nurses. Nurses whose perception of their role agreed most closely with that of physicians and patients, were found to be older, and to have had longer experience. A significant proportion of them had only basic nursing qualifications, and they perceived their functions to be more appreciated by patients. PMID- 6558017 TI - A study of motivating factors among nurses in Nigeria. PMID- 6558018 TI - A semiquantitative method to assess role image in nursing through the application of semantics. AB - A semiquantitative method is described for linking professional role image to semantics. The number and type of words generated by three open-ended questions seem to demonstrate professional role image in a staff population of a psychiatric unit. These relationships are quantified as the Role Image Index (RII). The population of a pilot group was divided into three main categories: (1) Nursing Service, Professionals; (2) Nursing Service, Nonprofessionals; and (3) Other Professionals, consisting of psychiatrists and other psychotherapists. Each group was subsequently divided into subgroups. Of these, the Associate Degree Nurse was the only nursing subgroup which demonstrated role image strength consistent with other professionals. Statistical measures employed were regression analyses to assess unusual individual behavior and correlational studies between three proposed indicators of role image strength. While the population is too small to be statistically significant, data are presented to demonstrate the potential significance in the employment of psycholinguistics as a tool for role assessment and development. The tool is seen to have implications for both nursing education and service in the affirmation of nursing as a profession. PMID- 6558019 TI - Pluralism, professionalism and politics in nursing. AB - This paper describes the pluralist nature of the nursing society and highlights the different and often conflicting objectives of the several interest groups. In the second section the paper describes how the Royal College of Nursing dealt with these difficulties during the years 1948-61. The paper ends with a discussion of the present and future position in policy making with particular reference to the position of the Rcn as the nurses' professional organisation. PMID- 6558020 TI - Dietary advice and heart disease: a nursing dilemma? AB - This paper reviews the debate concerning the relationship between dietary fats and heart disease. The paper also addresses the questions "should nurses persuade patients with heart disease to follow a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet?", "If so, will patients be less liable to a heart attack?" and "are such recommendations based on valid scientific evidence?". The author examines the recent evidence which is critical of such dietary regimens, and claims that much of the dietary advice given by nurses to these patients is biased, misleading and scientifically unfounded. PMID- 6558021 TI - Primary nursing: an evaluation of its effects on patient perception of care and staff satisfaction. AB - A study evaluating the effects of a system of primary nursing on patients' perception of care and staff satisfaction is described. The study was conducted in a large acute medical-surgical hospital and incorporated a control group and quantitative measures of the variables under investigation. Significantly higher levels of patient and staff satisfaction were shown for the primary nursing unit on items which support the philosophy of primary nursing. Results are compared to previous studies and methodological issues are discussed. PMID- 6558022 TI - Catalytic models in hospital epidemiology. PMID- 6558023 TI - Role of aminoglycosides in face of introduction of new beta-lactam antibiotics in treatment of nosocomial infection. AB - Aminoglycosides often are employed for empiric therapy of nosocomial infection because of their activity against a wide spectrum of gram-negative aerobic bacilli (GNAB). New beta-lactam antimicrobials also are active against many GNAB. As toxicity appears less likely for the beta-lactams than for aminoglycosides, their use might be preferable if susceptibility profiles were equivalent. We studied susceptibility of 90 GNAB recovered from blood culture during a three month period. All were susceptible to aminoglycosides; 93% were susceptible to at least one of the following: ampicillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All were susceptible to at least one of our newer beta-lactams (cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, piperacillin), but the percentage susceptible to any single beta lactam was lower than that for any of the aminoglycosides tested. All of the isolates were susceptible to combinations of two beta-lactam drugs. In our hospital, beta-lactams may be reasonable alternatives to aminoglycosides in selected cases where susceptibility has been demonstrated. However, aminoglycosides continue to provide the broadest single-drug coverage for empiric therapy of known or suspected sepsis with GNAB. The utility of combinations of beta-lactam drugs for empiric therapy requires further assessment by clinical trials. PMID- 6558024 TI - Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and their dissemination of resistance genes in the hospital environment. AB - The dissemination of resistance determinants among bacterial populations depends on ecological and epidemiological properties as well as additional factors: 1) the mechanism of resistance or its specificity toward a certain drug, and 2) the genetic basis in relation to the mobility of the genetic material and its survival in bacteria. From two resistance mechanisms directed toward old fashioned drugs, namely sulfonamides (Su) and streptomycin (Sm), we can deduce that a resistance mechanism is encoded by a special sort of genetic material. Thus the linked SmSu resistance mediated by a sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroatsynthetase II and the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase APH-(3") is always located on very small pBP1-like plasmids. Such plasmids survive without selective pressure of drugs in Enterobacteriaceae in the bowel flora of humans and animals. Both resistance determinants can be mediated by a transposon which codes for the production of a dihydropteroatsynthetase I in connection with an aminoglycoside adenylyltransferase AAD-(3"). These two mechanisms are genetically linked as well. The basic structure is a transposon designated Tn2411, which belongs to a whole family of transposons, all including the basic structure; however, their genetic exchange and substitution leads to structures coding for many different enzymatic characters: ANT-(2") (Gentamicin resistance), CAT (Chloramphenicol resistance), AAC-(6') (resistance to all modern aminoglycosides), TEM-1, OXA-1, OXA-2, or PSE (beta-lactam resistance). Resistance to the modern beta-lactamase-stable antibiotics is mediated by mutation in the regulatory genes of chromosomally-determined beta-lactamases. A spread of these resistance mechanisms can be avoided as long as the responsible genes are not located on sufficient structures like small plasmids or efficient transposons. PMID- 6558026 TI - Infections in compromised hosts: an overview. PMID- 6558025 TI - Environmental factors contributing to antibiotic resistance. AB - The genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance originate as a result of random events, affected only by those physical and chemical agents that stimulate mutation. It is the selection and spread, within and between species, of new genetic material that is influenced by environmental factors, though the intrinsic antibiotic resistance of many opportunistic pathogens remains to be explained. Depending on the frequency of genetic change, the biochemical resistance mechanism, the efficiency of selection (including access of antibiotic to relevant bacteria), and the opportunity for person-to-person spread, resistance may present in a number of ways. The use of an antibiotic in any individual may give rise to resistance, among pathogens or normal flora, to that antibiotic alone, to some or all members of its class, or to additional unrelated antibacterials, or to the acquisition of new bacteria, from a variety of sources (humans, animals, inanimate environment). A resistant organism may occasionally have other advantages that enable it to spread in the absence of the initial selective agents. In the absence of controlled experiments, which are difficult or perhaps impossible, the only evidence of the truth of these hypotheses comes from the clinical use of antibiotics. A wise observer will conclude that the emergence of resistance is a rare event in an individual patient, but is commoner but by no means universal in populations, especially those that are closed. He will note the reports of diminished resistance in the presence of increased usage. The role of academic infection control is to explain all the phenomena observed, and to formulate methods for identifying and countering the actual as opposed to the imagined hazards. PMID- 6558028 TI - Transparent dressings. PMID- 6558027 TI - Nursing care of the immunosuppressed patient. AB - The primary objectives of nurses caring for the immunosuppressed patient are to create a safe, peaceful environment and to promote the quality of the patient's life. Strengthening the patient's defense mechanisms is inherent in these nursing objectives, and the nurse must have certain competencies to reinforce these defense mechanisms. One competency is a thorough understanding of the immunosuppressed patient. The infection control practitioner (ICP) should assist the nurse in understanding what an immunosuppressed patient is, what his risk of infection is, what his reaction to infection might be, and what isolation practices are appropriate. Another necessary nursing skill is proficiency in patient assessment, not only when the patient is admitted, but on a continuous basis since the patient's status can change so rapidly. Finally the nurse must have the ability to implement appropriate nursing measures. The nurse must use the principles of asepsis in all patient care activities, recognize risk factors of infection, and understand the importance of such details as proper nutrition, oral hygiene, and skin care. Psychological support is also an essential part of the nursing care plan. Nursing care affects the well-being of the immunosuppressed patient and infection control practitioners have a role in ascertaining that nurses know how to treat such patients appropriately. PMID- 6558029 TI - Ethics in prison health care. PMID- 6558030 TI - Nursing in primary health care. PMID- 6558031 TI - Nursing in urban settings: are we responsive to the needs? PMID- 6558032 TI - The conflicting demands of professionalism and unionism. PMID- 6558033 TI - Nurses and the world's economy: Northern Europe. PMID- 6558034 TI - Attendance care at hospitals in Japan. PMID- 6558037 TI - Changing the image. PMID- 6558035 TI - The European community. PMID- 6558036 TI - Nursing--the European dimension. PMID- 6558038 TI - International bodies and prison health care. PMID- 6558039 TI - Towards the next 50 years. PMID- 6558040 TI - Promoting primary health in Belize. PMID- 6558042 TI - Will mothers breast feed longer if health visitors give them more support? PMID- 6558041 TI - Home or hospital birth? A study of women's attitudes. PMID- 6558043 TI - Antenatal education: its use and effectiveness. PMID- 6558044 TI - A walk-in unit for pre-school children and their mothers. PMID- 6558045 TI - Preventing childhood illness--a summary. PMID- 6558046 TI - The financial status of a group of over-75 year olds in South Wales. PMID- 6558047 TI - A study of the premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6558048 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica--the health visitor's role in diagnosis and prevention. PMID- 6558049 TI - Personal liability insurance coverage. PMID- 6558050 TI - A story of caring. PMID- 6558051 TI - Modular group health teaching in senior centers. PMID- 6558052 TI - Sometimes the patient knows what's best. PMID- 6558054 TI - Nursing care with the multiproblem poor family. PMID- 6558053 TI - Working with adoptive families. PMID- 6558055 TI - How are your communication skills? PMID- 6558056 TI - A time to die. PMID- 6558057 TI - Treatment of renal osteodystrophy with Dialume recipes. PMID- 6558058 TI - The nurse's role in outbreaks of illness among groups of people. PMID- 6558059 TI - Rural nursing. PMID- 6558060 TI - Hospitalization of a chronically ill child: a stressful time for parents. PMID- 6558061 TI - Preparing children and families for cardiac surgery: nursing interventions. PMID- 6558062 TI - Breast-feeding for the working mother. PMID- 6558063 TI - Pediatric social illness: a challenge to nurses. PMID- 6558064 TI - [West African childbirth traditions]. PMID- 6558065 TI - [Information from the Social Administration's drug department 1983:5. Abboticin (erythromycin)]. PMID- 6558066 TI - [Scholarship report. Description of a Syrian town]. PMID- 6558067 TI - [Practical viewpoints of various preventive methods with emphasis on alternative minipills]. PMID- 6558068 TI - [Test tube babies--do we need them?]. PMID- 6558069 TI - [A baby's thoughts and experiences]. PMID- 6558070 TI - [Ethical evaluation of a routine procedure]. PMID- 6558071 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis. More ethics--less technology]. PMID- 6558072 TI - [Lactation disorder, mastitis, breast abscess]. PMID- 6558073 TI - The use of doubly-labeled 13C-acetate in the study of streptolydigin biosynthesis. AB - Using [13C2]acetate the biosynthesis of streptolydigin has been investigated. It has been demonstrated that a total of 4 acetate units are incorporated into the antibiotic, 3 into the acyl side chain and 1 into the tetramic acid portion. PMID- 6558074 TI - Protein-protein interactions in contact activation of blood coagulation. Characterization of fluorescein-labeled human high molecular weight kininogen light chain as a probe. AB - Limited proteolysis of high molecular weight kininogen by kallikrein resulted in the generation of an inactive heavy chain of Mr = 64,000 and active light chains of Mr = 64,000 and 51,000 when analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Starting with kininogen from outdated plasma, a light chain with an apparent molecular weight of 51,000 on 7.5% SDS gels was purified and characterized. Molecular weights of 28,900 +/- 1,100 and 30,500 +/- 1,600 were obtained by gel filtration of the reduced and alkylated protein in 6 M guanidine HCl and equilibrium sedimentation under nondenaturing conditions in the air-driven ultracentrifuge, respectively. The light chain stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff reagent on SDS gels indicating that covalently attached carbohydrate may be responsible for the anomalously high molecular weight estimated by SDS-gel electrophoresis. A single light chain thiol group reacted with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in the presence and absence of 6 M guanidine HCl. Specific fluorescent labeling of the thiol group with 5-(iodoacetamido)fluorescein (IAF) occurred without loss of clotting activity. Addition of purified human plasma prekallikrein to the IAF-light chain resulted in a maximum increase in fluorescence anisotropy of 0.041 +/- 0.001 and no change in the fluorescence intensity. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements of the equilibrium binding of prekallikrein to the IAF-light chain yielded an average Kd of 17.3 +/- 2.5 nM and stoichiometry of 1.07 +/- 0.07 mol of prekallikrein/mol of IAF-light chain. Measurements of the interaction of prekallikrein with iodoacetamide-alkylated light chain using the IAF-light chain as a probe gave an average Kd of 16 +/- 4 nM and stoichiometry of 1.0 +/- 0.2 indicating indistinguishable affinities for prekallikrein. PMID- 6558075 TI - Inhibition of polyoma virus middle T antigen-associated tyrosyl kinase activity by N-ethylmaleimide. AB - The middle T antigen (MT Ag) encoded by polyoma virus has an associated protein kinase activity which transfers a phosphoryl group from ATP or GTP to a tyrosine residue on MT Ag in immunoprecipitates formed between polyoma virus-infected or transformed cell extracts and serum from animals bearing polyoma-induced tumors. Incubation of such immunoprecipitates or polyoma-transformed cell extracts prior to immunoprecipitation with the sulfhydryl reagent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), resulted in a significant inhibition of MT Ag-associated kinase activity. Inactivation of this enzyme activity by NEM was found to be dependent upon the incubation pH, time of incubation, and NEM concentration. ATP, GTP, and ADP in the presence of Mg2+ were found to decrease the rate of NEM-mediated inactivation of MT Ag-associated kinase activity, while CTP and UTP did not detectably alter the rate of enzyme inhibition by NEM. These results suggest that the MT Ag associated kinase possesses at least one NEM-sensitive sulfhydryl group essential for phosphotransferase activity which may be present at or near the enzyme catalytic site. PMID- 6558077 TI - Identification of tissue kallikrein in brain and in the cell-free translation product encoded by brain mRNA. AB - A monoclonal antibody against purified rat urinary kallikrein was coupled to agarose and used to isolate kallikrein from rat brain. The purified enzyme has N alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl esterase activity with a pH optimum at 9.0, kinin releasing activity from a purified low molecular weight kininogen, and a parallelism with standard curves of rat urinary kallikrein in a direct radioimmunoassay. Brain kallikrein is inhibited by a series of tissue kallikrein inhibitors with IC50 values similar to those for urinary kallikrein. The purified brain enzyme was labeled with [14C]diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and visualized by fluorography on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. Electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme was closely similar to that of urinary kallikrein with estimated Mr of approximately 38,000. With Western blot analyses using a rabbit anti-kallikrein antibody, both brain and urinary kallikrein were visualized at identical positions by immunoperoxidase staining and by autoradiography with 125I protein A binding. Brain mRNA was used to direct cell-free protein synthesis in wheat germ and rabbit reticulocyte lysate systems. [35S]Methionine-labeled kallikrein was identified by fluorography of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels after the translation products were subject to immunoprecipitation with affinity-purified kallikrein antibody. Collectively, the data show that tissue kallikrein exists in brain and can be synthesized by brain mRNA. PMID- 6558076 TI - The cytoplasmic 4 S translation inhibitory RNA species of chick embryonic muscle. Effect on mRNA binding to 43 S initiation complex. AB - A cytoplasmic 10 S ribonucleoprotein (iRNP) isolated from chick embryonic muscle is a potent inhibitor of mRNA translation in vitro and contains a 4 S translation inhibitory RNA species (iRNA) (Sarkar, S., Mukherjee, A. K., and Guha, C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5077-5086). Using an in vitro assay system, we show that the iRNA has no effect on the elongation phase of peptide synthesis. iRNA inhibits translation at the initiation step by inhibiting mRNA binding to 43 S initiation complexes. The iRNA does not inhibit the binding of Met-tRNAf to the 40 S ribosomal subunit, but rather causes an increase in the level of 43 S initiation complexes in the reticulocyte lysate. The formation of the 80 S initiation complex from the 43 S complex is specifically blocked in the presence of iRNA. The significance of these results in relation to biological function of iRNA is discussed. PMID- 6558078 TI - HLA-Dw1 and BfF as protective markers in multiple sclerosis. AB - The frequencies of Properdin factor B allotypes were studied in 54 multiple sclerosis patients and 58 healthy control subjects, and the association of various phenotypes with HLA-Dw1 and Dw2 antigens (found with decreased and increased frequency in MS patients, respectively) was further studied. SS genotype was found in 76% of MS patients and 63% of control subjects (n.s.) F types (FS + FF) were found to be strongly associated with HLA-Dw1 in control subjects (P less than 0.0014), whereas neither SS nor F containing types were associated with Dw2. The findings support the concept of a hypothetical MS resistance factor in the HLA gene area. PMID- 6558079 TI - Death and dying. PMID- 6558080 TI - A time for reflection. AB - The nursing profession in the United Kingdom is faced with great opportunities for significant developments. To make best use of these it is necessary to reflect on the past, to meditate on key issues which are current, to plan wisely and well for the future and then to press ahead with determination. Key issues highlighted are in the spheres of education, management and practice; the need for research is emphasized. The pay structure can either support or impede developments, as can the attitude of the medical profession; the nursing and medical professions are complementary and interdependent, understanding between them is essential and effective communications are core to its realization. A general goal identified is the achievement of a more cohesive profession, a modification of the divisions between education, management and practice which, it is contended, have intensified as developments have taken place in each of these spheres. Objectives for development are put forward in the context of current circumstances which, it is argued facilitate their promotion. Signs that the nursing profession now recognizes the need for unified action to achieve its objectives are seen as encouraging, and confidence is expressed that the profession will exploit the opportunities now within its grasp. PMID- 6558081 TI - Critique of the health-belief model. AB - Health-related behaviour is an important issue for providers for health care. Understanding and being able to predict and influence health behaviour are all essential if client co-operation and participation is to be obtained. Since nurses spend more time with patients than any other health care professional, they are in a position to influence health behaviour. Optimal interaction with patients and potential patients is the result of careful application of theory. The health-belief model offers an approach to understanding health-related behaviour. A clear understanding of the cause of behaviour is necessary in order to predict change. A clear understanding of cause is also necessary for determining methods to influence health behaviour. As a new model and one developed for the healthy, the model needs development and testing for applicability in understanding health and other behaviour. Nurses can make a significant contribution in this development by testing aspects of the model. This paper summarizes the model and assesses the model using specific criteria for a theory. PMID- 6558083 TI - Patient-centred nursing care in a multi-racial society: the relevance of ethnographic perspectives in nursing curricula. AB - The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the importance of including cultural dimensions as a fundamental component of nursing curricula and to provide some indications as to how this may be achieved. The concept of 'institutionalized racism' is examined, with reference to the absence of the cultural dimension in nursing education, and it is suggested that nurses, as members of a 'caring profession', should be in the forefront in promoting mutual cultural understanding. The argument for promoting cultural awareness is developed in the context of individualized nursing care and the nursing process. The needs of ethnic minority learners are considered along with their potential role, and that of tutors, in breaking down barriers to the acceptance of cultural diversity. Some possible reasons for the failure to include ethnographic perspectives in nurse education programmes are postulated, and finally suggestions as to how this curriculum deficit may be rectified are made. The paper concludes that British nurse educators should ensure that the needs of learners and patients are better provided for in the future by directing more attention to ethnographic perspectives relating to learning and the provision of nursing care. PMID- 6558082 TI - Nursing models in special hospital settings. AB - The use of theories and models in nursing is not merely an armchair activity indulged in by academic nurses in teaching and research institutions, but a means of looking critically at practice to improve the effectiveness of care. Nursing models help to provide descriptions of the contents of teaching and training courses. Models aim to specify: goals of action; descriptive terms for the recipients of services; nurse roles; likely sources of difficulty; the focus for intervention; and the intended consequences of the nursing model in applied practice. Examination reveals three separate dominant models of nursing practice in special hospitals: medico-legal, moral-retributional and educational. Nursing models are both useful and necessary for the provision of coherent teaching curricula and as a framework for the actual process of nursing. The need for consideration of model selection and model choice seems paramount in the current climate of special hospital nursing. A major advantage of educational nursing models seems that they allow the development and growth of nurses, with likely benefits for improved consumer services. PMID- 6558084 TI - Some issues in the clinical, social and economic evaluation of new nursing services. AB - This paper describes a study of a new nursing post, that of the adviser on incontinence. Some of the difficulties encountered in the study were the composition of a study and control group and evaluation of change in urinary incontinence. Retrospective checks on the two groups showed that the items in which they differed did not have any relationship with changes in incontinence or its management. The findings were unable to support the Regional Health Authority's hope that hospital admissions would be reduced or the more general belief that overall resource use would decline. In addition to improvements in incontinence half the subjects identified other benefits such as increased understanding of the problem and the opportunity to discuss it with someone with a knowledge of incontinence. Issues were also raised of the organization and nature of the advisers work load. PMID- 6558085 TI - Goal-setting in terminal care: a method of recording treatment aims and priorities. AB - Although hospices are often said to provide a higher standard of care to terminally ill patients than conventional health care facilities, little empirical investigation has been conducted to test such statements. One aspect of the care process for which hospices are often praised is the attention paid to social and emotional problems concerning the patient, as well as more directly clinical matters. Often these goals are not explicitly stated. This paper investigates a method for systematically documenting the goals set by a multidisciplinary group of staff for the patients under their care. The study was conducted in a National Health Service (NHS) terminal cancer care unit, the staff of which were interested in setting clear, explicit objectives for their patients. PMID- 6558086 TI - Understanding mental illness: the experience of families of psychiatric patients. AB - This qualitative study was designed to elicit the family's perspective of their experience of the first hospitalization of a relative. A major focus of the study was the process by which families developed an understanding of mental illness and its treatment. During unstructured interviews, seven families explained how they interpreted unfamiliar events and surroundings. They identified their needs and concerns related to their interpretation of 'mental illness', and they described their efforts to understand the patient from this perspective. The study identified processes by which families attached meaning to events: they reviewed past experiences and beliefs to make sense of the present experience; they examined their own behaviour as a contributor to the development of the illness; they observed and evaluated the hospitalization as treatment; and they asked questions about the future. The direction for nursing practice was identified in terms of providing support and information to families, as well as being aware of the emotional responses of families at all stages of the patient's illness. PMID- 6558087 TI - The development of professional and political awareness in nursing. AB - The fiduciary relationship between the client and the professional who has been hired to provide a service rarely exists today between nurses and patients, Nurses are employed by the State and operate in organizations where elements of both the bureaucratic and professional models are integrated. This paper discusses nursing's adaptation to the ever-changing health system in the United Kingdom and how this has resulted in the involvement of senior nurses in the political process. The mechanisms which result in policy output are discussed with reference to the power of nurses. It is argued that all nurses have a role in the decision-making process through the use of influence which will result from the development of political awareness. PMID- 6558089 TI - A sexual health model for nursing intervention. PMID- 6558088 TI - The telephone rape: crisis intervention for an obscene phone call. PMID- 6558090 TI - A study of knowledge and attitudes of selected nursing students toward human sexuality. PMID- 6558091 TI - Gay parents. PMID- 6558092 TI - Differences in stress levels, stressors, and stress responses between managerial and professional males and females on the stress vector analysis--research edition. PMID- 6558093 TI - Multiple role demands, mind-body distress disorders, and illness-related absenteeism among business and professional women. PMID- 6558094 TI - Black hypertension: a transcultural case study using the Betty Neuman model of nursing care. PMID- 6558095 TI - Women's health: an investment in the future. PMID- 6558096 TI - Russia: the Soviet health care system for the aged. PMID- 6558098 TI - An educational perspective from Scotland. PMID- 6558097 TI - Attitudes on aging in China. PMID- 6558099 TI - British geriatric health care. PMID- 6558100 TI - Dateline: Sweden. Research on activation for the elderly. PMID- 6558101 TI - Across the generations. PMID- 6558102 TI - Relocation and the elderly. PMID- 6558103 TI - A continence clinic for the aged. PMID- 6558104 TI - A negentropic view of the aged. PMID- 6558105 TI - Immunoreactive kallikrein localization in the rat kidney: an immuno-electron microscopic study. AB - The cellular and subcellular localization of immunoreactive kallikrein was studied in the rat kidney using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method for the electron microscope. The effect of various tissue-processing protocols on ultrastructural preservation and immunocytochemical staining was evaluated by fixing kidneys with four different mixtures. The tissues were immunostained and further stained with OsO4 or silver methenamine. The best ultrastructural and immunocytochemical staining was obtained with Zamboni's-glutaraldehyde fixative. The kallikrein-immunoreactive cell type was identified, according to its localization and ultrastructural features, as the connecting-tubule cell. Immunoreactive kallikrein was concentrated mainly in the upper one-third of the cell and at both sides of the nuclei, and to a less extent was associated with the plasma membranes and basolateral infoldings. The immunoreactivity was related to free polyribosomes, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and the Golgi complex, suggesting that kallikrein is actively synthesized in this particular type of cell. PMID- 6558107 TI - Evaluation and treatment of erectile dysfunction. PMID- 6558106 TI - The use of monoclonal antibodies as probes of the three-dimensional structure of human complement factor D. AB - The monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were studied for their binding specificities and their effects on the hemolytic and proteolytic activities of human D. One Mab, FD10-1, was obtained from mice immunized with native D; the other, JA4-2, was similarly obtained from mice immunized with BSA coupled to a synthetic nonapeptide (Arg-Ile-Leu-Gly-Gly-Arg-Glu-Ala-Tyr) containing the seven NH2 terminal amino acids of D. By using a PEG-precipitation assay system, lactoperoxidase-iodinated D was precipitated by FD10-1 cell culture supernatant as well as by the purified MAb. Conversely, with the use of the same assay system, neither the JA4-2 cell culture supernatant nor the purified MAb precipitated any significant amount of 125I-D. In contrast, by using a solid phase binding assay, radiolabeled JA4-2 as well as FD10-1 bound to D-coated wells. In addition, the binding of purified JA4-2 to D-coated wells could be completely inhibited by the nonapeptide, whereas the binding of purified FD10-1 at equivalent concentrations was unaffected. These binding studies correlated with the results of functional assays. FD10-1 was found to inhibit the hemolytic activity of the alternative complement pathway in human serum as well as the cleavage of radiolabeled B by D in the presence of cobra venom factor, whereas JA4-2 had no significant inhibitory effect in either of these assays. These data suggest that the NH2-terminus of native D, like that of other active serine proteases, is buried inside the molecule where it is inaccessible to the bulky JA4-2 MAb. PMID- 6558108 TI - Status of phase III cardiac rehabilitation programs in Louisiana. PMID- 6558109 TI - Practice productivity. Reducing your collection costs. PMID- 6558110 TI - EKG of the month. Frequent, non-conducted atrial premature impulses. PMID- 6558111 TI - The association of fungi with sugarcane production and lung cancer mortality in Louisiana. PMID- 6558112 TI - Incorporation of 3H-amino acids into proteins in a partially purified fraction of axoplasm: evidence for transfer RNA-mediated, post-translational protein modification in squid giant axons. AB - Transfer RNA (tRNA) has been demonstrated to be present in axons of both invertebrates and the higher vertebrates, but nothing is known of its role in the metabolism of the axon. The present experiments were performed to determine whether tRNA functions in axons as a participant in post-translational protein modification of endogenous proteins. RNA was extracted from the axoplasm of squid giant axons and incubated with a variety of 3H-amino acids, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (obtained from squid optic lobe), and an appropriate reaction mixture. All of the amino acids tested were bound to an RNA fraction, but this reaction did not occur when samples were incubated in the presence of ribonuclease or in the absence of axoplasmic RNA. When radioactive RNA was chromatographed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the radioactivity comigrated with known tRNA markers, suggesting the presence of 3H-aminoacylated tRNA. Aminoacylation of RNA could also be demonstrated by incubating fresh axoplasm with labeled amino acids and a reaction mixture, minus exogenous aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These findings indicate the presence in axoplasm of a variety of species of aminoacyl-tRNAs as well as their corresponding synthetase enzymes. In the latter experiment no radioactivity was found associated with the protein fraction. This was also the finding when 3H-aminoacylated tRNA was either injected directly into the axon or incubated with extruded axoplasm. Thus, under the conditions described above, there is no evidence of transfer of amino acids from tRNA to proteins. In other experiments, axoplasm was pooled to a volume of 50 to 100 microliters, homogenized gently, and centrifuged at 150,000 X g for 1 hr. Some of the high speed supernatant was incubated with labeled amino acids and an appropriate reaction mixture, and the remainder was passed through an S-200 Sephacryl column before incubation with the same reaction mixture. There was no incorporation of amino acids into protein in the high speed supernatant fraction. However, in the S-200 purified fraction 3H-labeled Arg, Lys, Tyr, Leu, and Asp were all incorporated into proteins in amounts of 44, 30, 7, 5 and 3.5 times heat inactivated controls. The reaction is not inhibited by Ca2+ or Ca2+-activated proteases, but appears to be dependent on the presence of tRNA. The addition of amino acids to protein is not protein synthesis since the reactions occurred in a partially purified fraction of the 150,000 X g supernatant, a fraction devoid of ribosomes and free amino acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6558113 TI - Endocrine dysfunction associated with pituitary adenomas and pituitary surgery. PMID- 6558114 TI - Nursing care of a patient undergoing transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. PMID- 6558115 TI - Nursing diagnoses concurrent with multiple sclerosis. AB - Nursing Diagnoses which commonly occur in patients with MS was the focus of this descriptive study. Using a functional health pattern assessment format, nine inpatients and six outpatients were assessed. Five frequently occurring dysfunctional patterns were: Self-Care Deficit, Self-Esteem Disturbance, Potential for Ineffective Family Coping: Compromised, Sleep Disturbance, and Social Isolation. The four most frequently identified Nursing Diagnoses (dysfunctional patterns plus etiology) were: Self-Esteem Disturbance related to Altered Body Image, Self-Care Deficit: I Bathing related to Generalized Weakness, Social Isolation related to Impaired Mobility, and Potential Ineffective Family Coping: Compromised. PMID- 6558116 TI - A patient with Lindau-von Hippel disease--a nursing challenge. AB - After six weeks participation in the rehabilitation program, D.K. was ready for discharge. He was receiving medications for symptomatic treatment: fluorocortisone acetate, cortisone acetate, and cimetidine. Rehabilitation goals were met to some degree; his strength was increased significantly and both motor control and balance were slightly better than at admission. He and his family recognized the need for ongoing care and agreed to be seen for follow-up treatment at the rehabilitation center. PMID- 6558117 TI - From the other side of the bedrail: a personal experience with Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6558118 TI - Ethical dimensions of nursing practice. AB - Nurses are often called upon to participate in ethical decision-making. As the dimensions of nursing care increase, this role will also increase. This article has provided some strategies by which the nurse can come to an independent, personal decision; understand why the stance was chosen; and articulate the rationale for the choice to others. Obviously, this article is not meant to provide the sole groundwork for ethical decision-making, but rather an impetus for the practicing nurse to seek more information on ethics and the ethical dimensions of her own practice. Resolving ethical dilemmas will never be easy; however, by utilizing the theories and models presented here, the nurse can contribute to a responsible ethical decision. The Blackfoot Indian tribe has a philosophy regarding ethical choice that seems appropriate: "Everything is neither right nor wrong. The right or wrong is in the choosing, the keeping, the losing. All paths are light and shadow, and every path is a different thing to each man. The right and the wrong, the good and the evil lie not upon the silent pathway, but in the man that walks it..." PMID- 6558119 TI - Surviving 1985. PMID- 6558120 TI - Attending: letting the patient know you are listening. PMID- 6558121 TI - The patient has a new ostomy--now what? PMID- 6558122 TI - Teamwork & cooperation. PMID- 6558123 TI - AIDS. PMID- 6558124 TI - AIDS precautions. PMID- 6558125 TI - Least restrictive alternative: ethical considerations. AB - Potential ethical dilemmas occur between rights and needs within the context of least restrictive alternative for psychiatric patients. This concept has been viewed primarily as a mechanism for limiting paternalistic interference and promoting individual dignity and autonomy. In addition, it has implied some possible conflicts in supporting such a well intentioned concept as least restrictive alternative without more reflection on the complexities involved. PMID- 6558126 TI - Is the chief complaint really the problem? PMID- 6558127 TI - Interview. Ethics in psychosocial nursing. PMID- 6558128 TI - Degrees of restrictiveness in psychosocial nursing. AB - Individual items identified as components of restrictiveness were conceptualized to form six dimensions: structure, treatment, institutional policy, enforcement, psychological attitudes and patient characteristics. These varying perspectives complicate implementation of a nursing standard requiring least restrictive intervention since least restrictiveness is more than just a set of techniques. It also involves the adoption and incorporation of the underlying social and philosophical issues implicit in this term. This incorporation should not occur casually but should proceed following careful consideration of the congruency between the current legal and social values and the values basic to nursing. PMID- 6558129 TI - Electrical measurement of fluid distribution in human legs: estimation of extra- and intra-cellular fluid volume. AB - In this paper, we discuss the problems of measurement of intra- and extra cellular fluid distribution in living tissues by means of electrical impedance. The intra- and extra-cellular fluid distribution is related to some physiological parameters, such as blood circulation, metabolism of tissues, and the electrolytic concentration of intra- and extra-cellular fluids. Therefore, the information about the distribution of fluids in tissues is quite useful for the diagnosis of various diseases, the monitoring of seriously ill patients, and in medical treatments such as artificial dialysis. We discuss the method of measurement and the results of experiments. PMID- 6558130 TI - Electrical impedance imaging of the thorax. AB - In this paper, we propose to develop a new imaging technology, computerized impedance tomography (CIT) for imaging the thorax. Our study involves reconstructing images of thoracic transverse plane impedance distributions noninvasively and nondestructively and exploring the potential of CIT. We overcome the reconstruction problem due to nonlinear and nonplanar current paths in impedance imaging by solving Laplace's equation numerically for every iteration and by using a new back-projection algorithm to modify the impedance profile. We discuss advantages and disadvantages associated with impedance imaging, the computer model, and back-projection algorithms used in reconstructing impedance images. We present reconstructed impedance images with 8 projection angles and different projection methods. We identify important variables affecting the quality of reconstructed images, and discuss the resolution and accuracy of this imaging technique. We summarize numerical aspects, computer requirement, and limitations of impedance imaging. We also discuss the future of impedance imaging. PMID- 6558131 TI - Microwave methods of measuring changes in lung water. AB - Two microwave methods for measuring changes in lung water content have been investigated. The first is based on measuring changes in the phase of an active microwave signal transmitted through the thorax, while the other is based on measuring the natural microwave radiation emitted by the body with a radiometer. The feasibility of using the active microwave method is investigated by making measurements on phantoms, on anesthetized dogs with induced pulmonary edema, and on isolated dog lungs. The obtained results clearly illustrated that the method is sensitive enough to measure small changes in lung water content. In the radiometer method, on the other hand, both calculations and preliminary measurements in phantoms indicate that the natural microwave emission changes with lung water content and that conventional radiometry systems should be able to detect as little as three to four percent change in lung water content. Initial results from both methods, therefore, indicate the soundness of the basic ideas and justify further development of these methods for clinical use. PMID- 6558132 TI - Microwave radiometric system for biomedical 'true temperature' and emissivity measurements. AB - A novel type of radiometer is described, which solves the problem of emissivity (mismatch)-independent noise temperature measurements by simultaneous registration of an object's apparent temperature and its reflectivity with just one microwave receiver and real-time calculation of the object's emissivity and its actual temperature. PMID- 6558133 TI - Introduction to correlation microwave thermography. AB - Correlation microwave thermography, a new process based on a coherent detection of noise, is able to improve the localization of the thermal gradients in the tissues. We explain the principles of this method and describe the first system which has been built and tested. Several experiments point out that with this process better spatial resolution and flexibility can be expected. PMID- 6558134 TI - Electrical impedance measurement of urinary bladder fullness. AB - A tetrapolar 75-kHz, 0.2-mA constant-current electrical impedance measuring system was used to monitor urinary volume change over 12 four-hour sessions in 20 male and 20 female normal human subjects. Two spot voltage electrodes (E) and two spot current electrodes (I) were applied 5 cm above the symphysis pubis at 15 cm interelectrode distances, 7.5 cm bilaterally from the midline. Five measurements of impedance and skin temperature were made at 15-minute intervals over 4 hours. Specific gravity, impedance change, and volume were recorded with each voided specimen. Suprailiac and infrascapular skinfolds, and circumference at iliac crests were measured. The subjects drank 175 ml of fluids per hour during the testing session. Subjects remained in the supine position during measurements. They walked to the lavatory to void. Bladder fullness is defined as the urge to void. Results include: (1) a poor negative correlation between specific gravity of urine and impedance (r2 = 0.1240, p less than or equal to 0.01); (2) baseline impedance was dependent upon individual subject characteristics: in males skin area, skinfold thickness, and suprailiac circumference; in females skinfold thicknesses and time since last menstrual period; (3) impedance decreased with urinary bladder filling and increased upon voiding (p less than or equal to 10( 10)); (4) the cumulative sum test (CUSUM) predicted time to void in 78.9% of voids (p less than or equal to 0.05) and no void (when voiding did not occur) in 66.8% of no voids (p less than or equal to 0.05). Overall accuracy of the CUSUM test was 74.6% (p less than or equal to 0.05). PMID- 6558135 TI - [Clinical studies of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatrics]. AB - Ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) was given to 67 childish patients with acute febrile upper respiratory infection and 1 patient with urinary tract infection at dose level of 29-63 mg/kg/day divided into 3-4. Twenty-five strains of pathogens were isolated in 23 patients out of 68 before the administration of KS-R1, and 19 strains (76.0%) among them were eradicated by KS-R1. Clinically, all cases were effective. The clinical efficacy alone was determined in other 44 patients with acute febrile upper respiratory infection and 1 patient with urinary tract infection, and only 3 cases among them showed poor effect with KS-R1 treatment. No side effects were observed. PMID- 6558136 TI - [Therapeutic effects of an ampicillin suppository KS-R1) on infections in children]. AB - Clinical and bacteriological effects of ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) were determined in 9 cases with urinary tract infection and 13 cases with upper respiratory tract infection in children. Clinical effects were excellent in 1 case, good in 18 cases, fair in 2 cases and poor in 1 case. Bacteriological effects were eradication in 6 cases, decrease in 1 case, persistance in 3 cases and replacement in 1 case among 11 cases which were measured the pathogens before and after treatment. As to the side effects, one patient showed watery diarrhea, and another one showed the elevation of GOT. KS-R1 is considered to be a useful drug for the treatment of infection in children both clinically and bacteriologically. PMID- 6558137 TI - [Clinical effects of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in urinary tract infection of children]. AB - Clinical effects of ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) were examined in 24 children (11 male and 13 female) aged from 5 months to 7 years 5 months with urinary tract infection. KS-R1 was rectally given to the patients at doses of average 45.6 mg/kg/day divided into 3 to 4 times for average 8 days. Clinical effectiveness was 95.8%. Bacteriologically, the eradication of isolated organisms was observed in 10 (71.4%) out of 14 cases, the decrease in 3 (21.4%) and the persistence in 1 (7.1%). The discharge of suppository within 5 minutes after insertion was observed in 8.7% of patients without diarrhea and in 6.9% of patients with diarrhea. The evacuation rate of the bowels within 10 minutes after insertion was observed in 5.9% of patients without diarrhea and in 41.9% of patients with diarrhea. It was suggested that the administration of KS-R1 to childish patients with diarrhea should be careful. As to the side effects, diarrhea was observed in 2 cases (7.1%) and the elevation of GPT and GOT in 1 case (3.6%). PMID- 6558138 TI - [Determination of elastase of duodenal aspirates and its diagnostic significance]. PMID- 6558139 TI - [Correlation between glandular kallikrein and experimental gastric ulcer in rats]. PMID- 6558140 TI - [Quality of nursing and attitude expected in home visiting nurses. Interview with Ms. Taeko Shimada]. PMID- 6558141 TI - [Home nursing activities involving patients, families, and the local residents]. PMID- 6558142 TI - [Home nursing as the basis of care of a terminal patient: case study of a patient who was cared for at home until the final moment]. PMID- 6558143 TI - [Home nursing as public health activities coordinating the hospital and regional health care]. PMID- 6558144 TI - [Home nursing of patients with advancing and complex conditions]. PMID- 6558145 TI - [Home nursing by a local clinic]. PMID- 6558146 TI - [Bedside nursing: care of patients with hypertension at a village clinic- personalized health instructions to promote the self-care attitude]. PMID- 6558147 TI - [Bedside nursing; nursing of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who insisted on oral feeding]. PMID- 6558148 TI - [Patients' attitude toward information concerning diagnostic results--results of a survey among patients undergoing gastroscopy]. PMID- 6558150 TI - [Life at a psychiatric ward. 10. Humorous incidents]. PMID- 6558149 TI - [Nursing approach to patients with poor prognosis: psychological analysis of a patient with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6558151 TI - [Terminal care and behavioral medicine]. PMID- 6558152 TI - [Clinical aspects of alcoholism. 10. Gastric lesions caused by alcohol drinking]. PMID- 6558153 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. Diet therapy]. PMID- 6558154 TI - [Understanding of patients by the Balint method. 10. Pain of a patient with SLE]. PMID- 6558155 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Nobuko Hirose, a former nursing instructor who enrolled at a university]. PMID- 6558156 TI - [A visit to Nepal. 10. Blood donation at the Nepal Red Cross Blood Center and an observation at a modern hospital]. PMID- 6558157 TI - [Ambulatory nursing: a report from Fukuda Clinic. 10. Staff conference]. PMID- 6558158 TI - [Classification and pathologic condition of bone tumors]. PMID- 6558159 TI - [Management of primary malignant bone tumors]. PMID- 6558160 TI - [Management of myeloma and metastatic tumor of bone]. PMID- 6558161 TI - [Nursing standard of malignant bone tumor patient through the therapeutic and pathologic viewpoint]. PMID- 6558162 TI - [Planning primary nursing service toward malignant bone tumor patient in the progressive-patient-ward]. PMID- 6558163 TI - [Developing rehabilitation training toward the multiple myeloma patient]. PMID- 6558164 TI - [Nursing care of the family of amputated patients]. PMID- 6558165 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6558167 TI - [Using artificial cloth in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6558166 TI - [Nursing care of the patient under intraarterial infusion therapy]. PMID- 6558168 TI - [An idea of making sterilized bag storage]. PMID- 6558169 TI - [On the blood pressure control function during sitting position]. PMID- 6558170 TI - [Use of ribbon markers on clothing to improve agnostic difficulties in dressing]. PMID- 6558171 TI - [Current trends in radioactive exposure in nursing]. PMID- 6558172 TI - [The effectiveness of "Tegaderm transparent dressing" in the treatment of bedsores]. PMID- 6558173 TI - [Carrying out cardiovascular nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 6558174 TI - [Diagnostic markers of cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 6558175 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 6558176 TI - [Making sure the nursing procedures are in accordance with the renewed way of treatment]. PMID- 6558177 TI - [Nursing care of the patient undergoing urinary diversion]. PMID- 6558178 TI - [Using 24-hour reality orientation]. PMID- 6558179 TI - [Epidemiological studies of Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6558180 TI - [Signs and symptoms of Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6558181 TI - [Treatment and medical care in Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6558183 TI - [Nursing standards of children with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6558182 TI - [Cardiovascular involvement of Kawasaki disease; management and prognosis]. PMID- 6558184 TI - [Analysis of emotional responses of children with Kawasaki disease in relation to their nurses' attitude]. PMID- 6558185 TI - [Discharge instructions for children with Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6558186 TI - [Nursing care of a child with Kawasaki disease complicated by mitral valve insufficiency and intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 6558188 TI - [Coping with mother's anxieties; role of nurses]. PMID- 6558187 TI - [Nursing care of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with cardiovascular lesion]. PMID- 6558189 TI - [Simplification of finishing procedures in hemodialysis; preventing air trapping]. PMID- 6558190 TI - [A mother's manuscript over her lost son who died from histidine metabolism disorders (1)]. PMID- 6558192 TI - [The observation and diagnosis of hematologic abnormalities]. PMID- 6558191 TI - [The approach to hematologic abnormalities]. PMID- 6558193 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of the patient with hematologic abnormalities]. PMID- 6558194 TI - [Searching for more efficient ways to help outpatients by screening outpatient nursing records]. PMID- 6558195 TI - [Nursing care of the patient undergoing urinary diversion (2)]. PMID- 6558196 TI - [The concept of nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 6558197 TI - [Aortic aneurysm; its classification, pathology and clinical symptoms]. PMID- 6558198 TI - [Preoperative and post operative management of aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 6558199 TI - [Long-term follow-up control of patients after surgery for aneurysms]. PMID- 6558200 TI - [Nursing standards for aortic aneurysm patients]. PMID- 6558201 TI - [Management in admitting the patient with a ruptured aneurysm]. PMID- 6558202 TI - [Nursing of patients with an aortic aneurysm undergoing conservative treatment]. PMID- 6558203 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with an aortic aneurysm in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 6558204 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with dissecting aneurysm (type I); with special remarks on blood pressure fluctuation factors in the high-risk stage]. PMID- 6558205 TI - [Nursing care of the aortic aneurysm patient with severe complications]. PMID- 6558207 TI - [Critical care of the patient with aortic injury]. PMID- 6558206 TI - [Postoperative nursing care of the patient with abdominal aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6558208 TI - [Management of the patient with a long-term indwelling catheter in a neurosurgical ward]. PMID- 6558209 TI - [Nursing care and management of abdominal angiography]. PMID- 6558210 TI - [Postoperative nursing care of patients with thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6558212 TI - [Diagnostic markers of childhood diseases]. PMID- 6558211 TI - [Characteristic features of diseases of children]. PMID- 6558213 TI - [Nursing diagnosis of pediatric patients]. PMID- 6558214 TI - [Productive teamwork formation in the rehabilitational stage]. PMID- 6558215 TI - [Managerial tool to take over outpatients with chronic disease]. PMID- 6558216 TI - [Methodological problems and issues in identifying and standardizing nursing diagnoses]. PMID- 6558217 TI - [Advances in and current aspects of hepatectomy]. PMID- 6558218 TI - [Hepatectomy: operation procedures and indications]. PMID- 6558219 TI - [Pre- and postoperative management of hepatectomy]. PMID- 6558220 TI - [(Nursing standards) Nursing standards of patients with hepatectomy]. PMID- 6558221 TI - [(Nursing management) Management of hepatectomy patients in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 6558223 TI - [(Nursing arts) Nutritional management for hepatic resection]. PMID- 6558222 TI - [(Nursing arts) Care plans for complications following hepatectomy and their management]. PMID- 6558224 TI - [(Case study). Nursing care of the patient with serious hepatic failure as complication of hepatectomy]. PMID- 6558225 TI - [(Case study). Nursing care of the patient with DIC as complication of hepatectomy]. PMID- 6558226 TI - [(Case study). Nursing care of the patient with ARDS as complication of hepatectomy]. PMID- 6558227 TI - [(Case study). Nursing care of the patient undergoing transcatheter arterial embolization therapy before hepatectomy]. PMID- 6558228 TI - [Nursing care of the patient following transcatheter arterial embolization]. PMID- 6558229 TI - [Preoperative stoma site marking]. PMID- 6558230 TI - [Nursing diagnosis. External examination of children. Physical index of neonatal abnormalities]. PMID- 6558231 TI - [Nursing diagnosis. External examination of children. Classification of surgical disease in newborn infants]. PMID- 6558232 TI - [Nursing diagnosis. External examination of children. Nursing diagnosis of pediatric patients in the surgical ward]. PMID- 6558233 TI - [A study on the effectiveness of nursing care]. PMID- 6558234 TI - [Problems in quantification. Meaning of numerical values]. PMID- 6558235 TI - [Limits of quantification in human sciences]. PMID- 6558236 TI - [Usefulness and limits of quantitative research]. PMID- 6558237 TI - [Limits of numerical research in nursing]. PMID- 6558238 TI - [The phenomenological approach in nursing research]. PMID- 6558240 TI - [Activities of infection prevention nurses in England]. PMID- 6558239 TI - [Why qualitative research in nursing?]. PMID- 6558241 TI - [Trends in nursing research as judged from recent articles]. PMID- 6558242 TI - [The approach to an English monograph: translate understandably!]. PMID- 6558243 TI - A prospective study of nurse-supervised versus physician-supervised neonatal transports. AB - To compare the quality of neonatal care provided by nurse-supervised teams with that provided by physician-supervised teams, a prospective study was used to examine the condition of neonates transported under the supervision of a nurse clinician (55 infants), pediatric residents (141 infants), and neonatology faculty members or fellows (38 infants). Gestational age, birthweight, Apgar scores, vital signs, arterial blood gas values, length of stabilization time, type of respiratory support required, and death during transport were analyzed. Neonates in all groups demonstrated similar severity of illness before transport, showed significant improvement during transport, and were in comparable condition after transport. PMID- 6558244 TI - Nursing care of the sickle cell anemic patient in labor. AB - Women with sickle cell anemia have many specialized problems during labor and delivery. A description of the disease and how it affects women during the intrapartum period is presented. Also, the management of potential problems during labor and delivery is described. PMID- 6558245 TI - Care of the infant with sclerema neonatorum. AB - High-risk infants are particularly prone to sepsis which can be accompanied by sclerema neonatorum. This condition is manifested by skin hardening. Causation of hardening of a sick infant's skin must be identified for appropriate treatment to be implemented. Nursing care of the infant with sclerema is very complex. Throughout the course of the disease, the infant frequently requires antimicrobial therapy, ventilatory support, exchange transfusions, precise intake and output measurements, and temperature control. Psychosocial support for the family and infant is also an important part of the nurse's role. In spite of standard therapy, the mortality rate for infants with sclerema remains high. New advances, such as exchange transfusions, give some hope for the survival of these very ill infants. PMID- 6558246 TI - Effects of discontinuing cover gowns on a postpartal ward upon cord colonization of the newborn. AB - To determine if the incidence of bacterial cord colonization in neonates increased when cover gowns were discontinued on a postpartal ward, a study was conducted. All infants who were admitted to and discharged from the well infant nursery at an Army medical center in Denver, Colorado, were cultured at the umbilicus at the time of admission and at discharge. The control group (N = 74) continued to gown as usual; the experimental group (N = 50) did not wear gowns. Visitors in both groups received the same instructions regarding handwashing. For all organisms, the control group demonstrated 80% colonization of infants who were negative on admission, and the experimental group demonstrated a colonization rate of 62%. When the chi square is applied, these data are statistically significant for P = 0.02 and P = 0.05. The experimental group had less colonization than the control group. PMID- 6558247 TI - Effects of a prenatal teaching program on postpartum regeneration of the pubococcygeal muscle. AB - A quasi-experimental design was used to compare postpartum perineometer readings of an experimental group of 32 women receiving a prenatal teaching program for the use of Kegel exercises with a control group of 30 women for whom the instructional program was omitted. All subjects received postpartum instruction from a pre-existing program presented by hospital staff. Significantly higher mean postpartum perineometer readings (t = 4.07; P less than .01) were found for the experimental group than for the control group, which supported the hypothesis that women who are offered the prenatal program for the use of Kegel exercises during the third trimester of pregnancy and are instructed on Kegel exercises by the staff during the hospitalized postpartum period will have significantly higher readings on the perineometer at the postpartum visit than those women for whom the prenatal program is omitted. PMID- 6558248 TI - [What we need is close cooperation]. PMID- 6558249 TI - "Evolution on health care in developing countries: the challenges for the nurse". PMID- 6558250 TI - Euthanasia--a personal view. PMID- 6558251 TI - Community diagnosis performed by 3rd year community nurse students/School of Community Nursing--Nakuru. PMID- 6558252 TI - Manyatta Tuberculosis Treatment Centre Wajir District. PMID- 6558254 TI - Creativity in teaching: use of synectics in teaching abstract concepts. PMID- 6558253 TI - Childfeeding survey at Kimalewa Health Centre. PMID- 6558255 TI - Nursing care study. PMID- 6558257 TI - [Ethics and nursing service: understanding of human behavior and nursing]. PMID- 6558256 TI - Notes on health care and traditional birth attendants in the region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. PMID- 6558258 TI - [Ethics and nursing service]. PMID- 6558259 TI - [Ethics and nursing service: case study]. PMID- 6558260 TI - [Education and primary health care]. PMID- 6558261 TI - [Continuing education. I. Definition and principle of management in community health nursing]. PMID- 6558262 TI - [Continuing education. II. The main functions of management in community health nursing]. PMID- 6558263 TI - [Continuing education. III. The planning functions of management in community health nursing]. PMID- 6558264 TI - [Continuing education. IV. The implementation functions of management in community health nursing]. PMID- 6558265 TI - [Continuing education. V. The evaluation functions of management in community health nursing]. PMID- 6558266 TI - [Keeping the elderly well]. PMID- 6558267 TI - [Ethics and nursing service: medical jurisprudential review of nursing service]. PMID- 6558268 TI - [Nursing service management and the hospital board of directors]. PMID- 6558269 TI - [Activities of anesthetist/intensive care nurses]. PMID- 6558271 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of corneal diseases]. PMID- 6558270 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6558272 TI - [Help and support for nurses in hospitals in preparation for a professionally active old age]. PMID- 6558273 TI - [Conservative treatment in minor breast cancer. Successes already abroad--a green light for German long-term study]. PMID- 6558274 TI - [Provision of books at the bedside. Culture instead of 'cult hour' in the hospital]. PMID- 6558275 TI - [General endangering of people through civilization]. PMID- 6558276 TI - [Skin care: a comprehensive method for incontinence and stoma patients]. PMID- 6558277 TI - [Nursing documentation - to what purpose?]. PMID- 6558278 TI - [Misdiagnosis of the heart infarct ECGs]. PMID- 6558279 TI - [Current discussion: disaster aid]. PMID- 6558280 TI - Theory-based health education activities for third to sixth grade children. AB - Eight educational activities based on social learning and social support theories were used as part of a comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction program for families with children in the third to sixth grades. These activities focused on providing the children with skills in recognizing high-salt and high-saturated fat foods, preparing such foods, resisting pressures to each such foods, increasing aerobic activity and providing support to peers and family in attempting such changes. Data analyses revealed significantly greater decreases in high-salt and high-saturated, fat food consumption and perceived increases in aerobic activity, in the experimental than the control group. The participative, enjoyment and inexpensive aspects of these activities are emphasized to encourage their use in school health programs. PMID- 6558281 TI - An analysis of policies regulating medication in Ohio public schools. AB - The development of medicines, state and federal laws requiring the enrollment and mainstreaming of handicapped students and the use of behavior modifying drugs has resulted in more requests by parents to have medication administered to their children during school hours. The problem in schools without immediate access to nurses is to accommodate students who need medication while at the same time avoid the dangers that are inherent in administering medication to children. The purpose of this investigation was to determine what guidelines are being followed in Ohio schools on the storage and administration of prescribed medication. Policies and regulations on the administration of medication, solicited from a random sample of Ohio school districts, were found to be not in keeping with pertinent legislation, litigation and recommended procedures. The investigation of the sample districts revealed enough inadequacies to suggest that: 1) many Ohio school districts need formal policies and regulations in the administration of medication; and 2) Ohio school districts having policies and regulations in the administration of medication should seriously consider eliminating whatever inadequacies exist for the safety and well-being of students and staff. A sample board policy statement, regulations for administering prescription and nonprescription medication in schools, a request form and a model statute designed to protect the employee from tort liability as a result of ordinary negligence in the administration of medication were developed in keeping with the findings of this study and are recommended for consideration as models by school districts nationwide. PMID- 6558282 TI - Visits by elementary school children to the school nurse. AB - Various factors seem to influence health seeking and illness behavior in childhood, among which are early socialization, modeling behavior in adults, the labeling of illness and psychological distress. The characteristics of a group of elementary school children who visited the nurse's office were observed and descriptive data were obtained on 551 students during a six-month period. Correlation analysis of the data was made. The conclusion of the study supported the following ideas: 1) health seeking and illness behavior was a learned process; 2) there was no differences noted in the frequency of visitation by boys or girls; and 3) recurrent health problems contributed to the frequency of visitation. The role of the school nurse in assessing potential physical and or psychological problems was affirmed. PMID- 6558284 TI - Teachers' recognition and reporting of child abuse. AB - Help for abused children, abusive parents and families depends upon early recognition and reporting of the problem. This research employs an experimental design using vignettes (brief descriptions of potential abuse) to manipulate the affect of parents' socioeconomic status, ethnic status and the child's level of injury on teachers' recognition and reporting of abuse. Results for teachers are compared to the authors' previous research on nurses' and physicians' judgments. Results indicate that, while all three professional groups responded to the child's level of injury, physicians' judgments were affected by parents' socioeconomic status and ethnic status, but teachers' and nurses' judgments were not affected by these variables. The signs of abuse and causal notions employed by the three groups also are compared. Implications for the teachers' role in recognition and reporting of child abuse are discussed. PMID- 6558285 TI - A study of the high school principal's role in health education. AB - The role of the principal in secondary school health education is explored in this paper. Using the social process theory, the ideal role is developed through a review of current literature and the actual role through a survey of high school principals and health education teachers in Chicago. A consensus regarding the role functions of the principal related to school health education as perceived by principals, health education teachers and authorities in school administration was revealed. The principal's role is one of leadership related to curriculum and instruction. The physical education teacher was responsible for health education in all the schools. No consensus emerged regarding the priority of health education within the school. PMID- 6558283 TI - Secondary school students' attitudes and beliefs about breastfeeding. AB - The incidence and prevalence of breastfeeding has increased in the United States and Canada in the past decade, but in spite of its known benefits it is often abandoned before infants are two months of age. Society lacks the attitudes and knowledge necessary for breastfeeding success. A survey of the knowledge, beliefs and attitudes of 409 secondary school students in British Columbia, Canada, revealed misconceptions about the nature of breastfeeding. A high percentage felt it was unacceptable in social situations. The findings point to a need for the integration of information about breastfeeding into school health programs, biology, home economics/nutrition and family life/sexuality courses. Increased knowledge and discussion to foster positive attitudes could increase breastfeeding duration among parents in the future. PMID- 6558286 TI - Smoking behavior of high school students in Israel. AB - To evaluate the recently developed and implemented Israeli educational program "Smoking and Cigarette Smoke" (SACS), data was collected on the current smoking behavior and attitudes of high school adolescents. A representative sample of 1,420 students in 22 high schools participated in the study. Each participant had to respond to 65 items of a specially devised questionnaire with respect to his or her smoking behavior and attitudes. According to age and sex in the school year 1980-81, the percentage of smokers within the target population, the distribution by age of when the student started smoking, as well as the distribution of reasons given for both smoking and not smoking, are recorded and analyzed. Generally, it was found that smoking behavior (and age distribution) of high school students in Israel is comparable to that of high school students in the United States. However, the reasons for smoking and not smoking as perceived by the students themselves are different in the two countries both qualitatively and quantitatively. It is concluded that in order to be successful, any preventive antismoking program should be modified and tailored in accordance with the characteristics and needs of the target population under the particular local set of constraints. PMID- 6558287 TI - Teaching positive self-concepts in the classroom. PMID- 6558288 TI - From the school nurse. PMID- 6558289 TI - Looking critically at dental health books for children. PMID- 6558290 TI - Unplanned nutrition education in the schools: sugar in elementary reading texts. AB - Analysis of food content in 1,666 readers, prereaders and reading workbooks for grades K-3 revealed an undue emphasis upon sweets in both words and pictures. Cake alone accounted for one of every 12 food appearances. While fruits and vegetables were pictured slightly more often than sugar-rich foods, they were related to actual food consumption far less frequently than sweets. By publisher, other food groups accounted for 10% or less of all food pictures and 15% or less of all food words. Snacks, treats and parties appeared more often as occasions for eating than regular meals, excluding picnics. Families were rarely presented eating together and little attention was devoted to the nutritional value of food. Knowledge children acquire from the media and other sources before attending school has been identified as a force counteracting nutrition education, but unintended messages conveyed in K-3 readers also may work against the promotion of healthy eating habits. Reading texts should be screened for nutritional content before adoption and revised to reduce the appearance of sweets in accord with national dietary goals. Nutrition education must extend beyond teaching the basic four food groups to help children recognize how their food choices are affected by environmental influences, inside as well as outside of school. PMID- 6558291 TI - The response of special education students to an activity-centered health curriculum. AB - The study's purpose was to assess the effectiveness of an activity-centered health education curriculum designed for regular students on the general health beliefs of special education students. As part of an entire school system evaluation, 92 Learning Disability students and 142 Learning Limitation students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. All the students were pretested and subsequently posttested using a 28-item questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model. The analysis of covariance indicated that the activity centered health education program apparently was effective among the Learning Disability students, but was not effective among students with IQ scores of 80 or below. PMID- 6558292 TI - Comparing the self-image of prepubescent girls before and after four sessions on body awareness. AB - The purpose of this research was to determine whether increasing the knowledge of prepubescent girls concerning emotional and physiological changes would result in a more positive self-image. Eleven Junior Girl Scouts comprised the sample. The procedure consisted of pretesting with the "How I See Myself Scale" and the "Sex Knowledge Test," teaching a four-session Body Awareness Course and posttesting with pretest instruments. Body awareness of the participants was significantly increased following the course. Self-image was improved, although not significantly. Each participant indicated a strong interest in body awareness and her developing sexuality. This study demonstrates that prepubescent females need and desire factual information about their physical and emotional concerns. PMID- 6558293 TI - Male adolescent sexual behavior, the forgotten partner: a review. AB - It is encouraging that after years of focusing attention on the female's ability and responsibility to manage her reproductive behavior, the male is finally beginning to receive notice and attention. Ironically, before the widespread use of the Pill and the IUD, men and male birth control methods played an important role in family planning. Even today, reliance on vasectomies, the condom and withdrawal account for 25% of the contraceptive use among couples and trend statistics point to an increased interest among selected populations in the use of barrier methods that require partner cooperation for effective use. Yet, most small scale and nationwide knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) studies focus on the female, particularly the teen-age female. With the exception of fragmentary survey data, pertinent information about male adolescent sexual activity is virtually nonexistent. The growing consensus among researchers and planners is that it is now crucial to research the forgotten partner--the adolescent male. PMID- 6558294 TI - School nursing in the news. AB - This study investigated the image of school nursing in the American press during 1978 and 1980. Content analysis of newspaper articles yielded specific measurements of the extent to which school nursing is visible via the press, the content of messages disseminated to the public about school nursing issues and two year changes in newspaper treatment of this topic. The mean number of articles published per state was 1.43 in 1978 and 6.30 in 1980. The typical school nurse article appeared in a daily newspaper circulated to less than 10,000 readers. Articles published in 1978 were significantly larger than those published in 1980 and were more likely to focus primarily on the school nursing program rather than on teachers, school boards, funding concerns or other issues. The majority of the articles (77%) devoted some space to describing the services provided by school nurses. Nearly 30% of the articles reported problems with funding for school nursing programs and 21% reported threatened or actual loss of funding for services. Although reports of protests against budget cuts by school nurses, teachers, administrators and parents were found, parents were depicted as the only interest group to succeed in efforts to avert the loss of services. Criticism of school nursing services was found in only 2% of the articles. More than 80% of the articles praised school nursing as a vital force for improving the health of American school children. It was concluded that school nursing has not yet attained a position on the public agenda as an important community issue despite the fact that the quality and level of school health services are increasingly threatened in the current budget-cutting climate. PMID- 6558295 TI - The effects of self-care instruction on locus of control in children. AB - This study investigated the effects of self-care instruction on locus of control in fifth grade children. Forty-two fifth graders attending an upper middle-class Southwestern school were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. Children in the experimental group participated in a program adapted from the Health PACT program developed by Igoe and designed to show children how to become managers in their own health care. Children in the control group attended a health discussion. The results of this study suggest that participation in self-care instruction can increase the extent to which children view health event outcomes as being due to their actions. This research provides direct implications that schools should adopt classes encouraging children to become managers in their own health care. PMID- 6558296 TI - Health behavior survey of California School Health educators. AB - The purpose of this survey was to assess the health behaviors of California School Health Association members to determine whether or not these individuals utilized their professional knowledge to maintain themselves at a high level of health and consequently act as positive role models in the school health program. The survey was designed to investigate behavior patterns in categories relating to nutrition, drugs, exercise, risk and medical profiles. A questionnaire was designed to determine what percent of the respondents practiced positive health behaviors. The survey results provide strong evidence that the majority of those surveyed practiced what they have learned and teach. Sound nutritional habits were exhibited. Reasonable drug and risk taking behavior was practiced. Excellent medical profiles also were maintained. Exercise was a basic component to most of the respondents lives, however, increased participation and regular exercise programs could be improved. The results showed good overall health practices, making CSHA members potentially good role models. PMID- 6558297 TI - Preparing children for hospitalization; a classroom teaching approach. PMID- 6558298 TI - Health education and the "back to basics" movement. PMID- 6558299 TI - Routine screenings--not always routine. PMID- 6558300 TI - Human mitochondrial genome and the evolution of methionine transfer ribonucleic acids. AB - The recently deciphered sequence of the human mitochondrial genome is analyzed in the light of an archigenetic hypothesis, according to which mitochondria are derived neither from pro- nor eukaryotes but from more primitive organisms. The possibility that animal mitochondria have only one gene both for elongator and initiator methionine tRNA is supported but C-A pair forming cytosine in the anticodon of these tRNAs is considered to be unmodified. The evolution of the gene and of the codon reading pattern of methionine tRNA is discussed. PMID- 6558301 TI - [The significance of facing death]. PMID- 6558302 TI - [Characteristics of the Japanese and their attitude toward life and death]. PMID- 6558303 TI - [Ideal way of dying of the Japanese]. PMID- 6558304 TI - [Grief process as a growth process]. PMID- 6558305 TI - [Death education for student nurses]. PMID- 6558306 TI - [Further and continuing education of nurses in Japan; historical overview by literature]. PMID- 6558307 TI - [Discussion about cultures of eating]. PMID- 6558308 TI - [An attempt to shorten the time of report from shift to shift and expend more time in making beds]. PMID- 6558309 TI - [Practical instruction in clinical nursing of adult patients]. PMID- 6558311 TI - [Experience of maternity nursing of male students]. PMID- 6558310 TI - [Training methods of affective domain for student nurses]. PMID- 6558312 TI - [Case conference by student nurses; survey of its educational effects]. PMID- 6558313 TI - [Abdominal and deep chest breathing in relation to changes in the abdominal and chest regions]. PMID- 6558314 TI - [Discussions on cultures of living]. PMID- 6558315 TI - [Towards the science of nursing management and administration]. PMID- 6558317 TI - [Use of the paper patient in preclinical preparation; to facilitate the students' understanding of the nursing process]. PMID- 6558316 TI - [Instruction in nursing students' practice in Seirei Junior College. 1]. PMID- 6558318 TI - [Improvement of teaching/learning method of nursing history]. PMID- 6558319 TI - [About training of teachers of nursing schools]. PMID- 6558320 TI - [Growing and teaching competency enhancement]. PMID- 6558321 TI - [Nursing teachers' training. Report on a scheduled study seminar for nursing instructors]. PMID- 6558322 TI - [Nursing teachers' training. Summer study programs by nursing instructors]. PMID- 6558323 TI - [Nursing teachers' training. Study seminars for instructors assigned to nursing classes]. PMID- 6558324 TI - [Nursing teachers' training. Studies by nursing instructors with special reference to activities in nursing subspecialties]. PMID- 6558325 TI - [Nursing teachers' training. An opportunity for continuing education of nursing instructors]. PMID- 6558326 TI - [Training of teachers in technic education]. PMID- 6558327 TI - [Progressive method of learning; how to understand a sick child]. PMID- 6558328 TI - [Problems of nursing department in hospital organization today]. PMID- 6558329 TI - [Line function and staff function in nursing]. PMID- 6558330 TI - [Decentralization in the nursing department]. PMID- 6558332 TI - [Structure of the nursing department of Ota Hospital]. PMID- 6558331 TI - [Structure of the nursing department of Kawasaki Medical University Hospital]. PMID- 6558333 TI - [Structure of the nursing department of Sakakibara Memorial Hospital]. PMID- 6558334 TI - [Communication between aged patients and their nurses]. PMID- 6558336 TI - [On the role of the supervisory nurse]. PMID- 6558335 TI - [Consciousness and human being]. PMID- 6558337 TI - [Instruction of nursing practice in the infirmary of the neurological division]. PMID- 6558338 TI - [Report of a student life at the school of nursing, Loma Linda University]. PMID- 6558339 TI - [Nursing of patients with ileus. Physiopathology of ileus]. PMID- 6558340 TI - [Nursing of patients with ileus. Diagnosis and treatment of ileus]. PMID- 6558341 TI - [Nursing of patients with ileus. Nursing process for patients with ileus]. PMID- 6558342 TI - [Nursing of patients with ileus. A case study]. PMID- 6558343 TI - [Nursing of patients with ileus. Evaluation of the nursing process. Discussion]. PMID- 6558344 TI - [Interactions with patients with appetite disorders]. PMID- 6558345 TI - [Easing apprehension of a patient in the terminal stage of cancer]. PMID- 6558346 TI - [Experience in nursing a patient with itching]. PMID- 6558347 TI - [Survey on hypothermia in postlaparotomy patients due to general anesthesia and their early recovery]. PMID- 6558348 TI - [Nursing of a bedridden patient following cerebral infarction--return of a smile on the face of the patient]. PMID- 6558349 TI - [Report from an acute care protective ward for men. Trial in expansion of life activities and continuation of therapeutic actions (5)]. PMID- 6558351 TI - [Oxygen therapy (2)--methods]. PMID- 6558350 TI - [A lesson in the daily care of an aged patient in the terminal stage of cancer]. PMID- 6558352 TI - [Nursing planning for a young child confused in a new hospital environment and his mother]. PMID- 6558353 TI - [New media for the era of information revolution (5)--photo disks]. PMID- 6558354 TI - [Test yourself. Nursing of a patient with postcholecystectomy syndrome]. PMID- 6558355 TI - [A new media for the age of information revolution (2). Satellite communication]. PMID- 6558356 TI - [Test yourself: pre- and post-operative nursing of a patient with thyroid cancer]. PMID- 6558357 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of fracture patients. Physiopathology of fractures]. PMID- 6558358 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of fracture patients. Diagnosis and treatment of fractures]. PMID- 6558359 TI - [Nursing process for fracture patients]. PMID- 6558360 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of fracture patients. Nursing of fracture patients: case studies]. PMID- 6558361 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of fracture patients. Discussion: evaluation of the nursing process]. PMID- 6558362 TI - [Adult nursing--assistance in the activities of daily living of a bedridden patient]. PMID- 6558363 TI - [Nursing of a 4-year-old child with a fracture of the external condyle of the right humerus--communication with a shy child]. PMID- 6558364 TI - [Innovation in postures for improved comfort in using a bedpan]. PMID- 6558365 TI - [Report from an acute care ward for men. An attempt at enhancement of patients' life activities and continuation of therapeutic actions (2)]. PMID- 6558366 TI - [Puerperal nursing of the primigravida]. PMID- 6558367 TI - [Nursing of an aged patient during recovery from myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6558368 TI - [Hemodialysis (2). Method and application]. PMID- 6558369 TI - [Planning of nursing of an aged patient who is improving in spite of handicaps- an example of nursing by home visiting]. PMID- 6558370 TI - Richmond Report: real reform or real estate? PMID- 6558371 TI - Your job and the law. Part 1. Negligence. PMID- 6558372 TI - Future needs of registered nurses. PMID- 6558373 TI - The Richmond Report--a critique. PMID- 6558374 TI - Mental health: the Italian experience. PMID- 6558375 TI - On your mark: report of the October 1982 General Nursing Registration examination. PMID- 6558377 TI - Community nurse in the school project. PMID- 6558376 TI - Your job & your health: quality of life in shiftwork. PMID- 6558378 TI - The provision of personal care services by non-nurses. PMID- 6558379 TI - Delineation of hospital roles in NSW. PMID- 6558380 TI - Bugs in bones. PMID- 6558382 TI - Discussion on nurse education. PMID- 6558381 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in the news. PMID- 6558383 TI - The hidden curriculum of nursing education. PMID- 6558384 TI - Safe practice and the isolated nurse. PMID- 6558385 TI - Health service cutbacks, 1983-4. PMID- 6558386 TI - The women's vote in '84. PMID- 6558387 TI - The role of the gerontological nurse practitioner in establishing a senior health center. PMID- 6558388 TI - [Chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6558389 TI - [Acute bronchitis]. PMID- 6558390 TI - [Respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6558391 TI - [Bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6558392 TI - [Chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6558393 TI - [Hereditary lung diseases]. PMID- 6558394 TI - [Therapeutic physical exercise in pulmonology]. PMID- 6558395 TI - [Nurse in the endoscopy department]. PMID- 6558396 TI - [Nurse's work in the hearing and speech office]. PMID- 6558397 TI - [Caries]. PMID- 6558398 TI - [Dental deposits]. PMID- 6558399 TI - [Arabian nurse's holiday]. PMID- 6558400 TI - [Care of the hair]. PMID- 6558401 TI - [Smoking and fresh air]. PMID- 6558402 TI - [Occupational lung diseases due to exposure to organic dusts]. PMID- 6558403 TI - [Ethics and deontology in medicine]. PMID- 6558404 TI - [Acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6558405 TI - The increasing arms race and the decreasing quality of life. PMID- 6558406 TI - A clinical practice treating hypertensive patients. PMID- 6558407 TI - Drugs in pregnancy. PMID- 6558408 TI - Fabric conditioners: do they cause nappy rash? PMID- 6558410 TI - A midwife's experience of the Asian community. PMID- 6558409 TI - When patients ask about pruritus. PMID- 6558412 TI - Free speech! Supported by Angels. PMID- 6558411 TI - Mabel Liddiard Memorial Lecture, 1983. Stress and the nurse in neonatal units. PMID- 6558413 TI - Partners in care. Parents and professionals. PMID- 6558414 TI - Alcohol & pregnancy outcome. PMID- 6558415 TI - A midwife's mistake. PMID- 6558416 TI - Successful self employment. PMID- 6558417 TI - [Possible role of tRNA1Lys in the splicing of mitochondrial transcripts in yeasts]. AB - Probably the only RNA molecule to be imported into yeast mitochondria is tRNA1Lys. The tRNA is not aminoacylated in mitochondria and its function remains unclear. I have noted that after partial unwinding the tRNA1Lys (more of less in the position, where reverse transcriptase unwinds primer tRNAs) it is possible to fit the donor regions of seven different mitochondrial mosaic genes introns to the unwound part of tRNA. The exact splice site is in all cases found according to the following rule: base pair, cross, locate first m2G X U, cut, base pair. Possible exception is the 5th intron of cob-box where the boundary indicated is not the one accepted in literature, nevertheless the boundary suggested here seems possible. The complementarity suggested permits accurate prediction of 4 (5 if b15 counts) "uncanonical" donor boundaries. The four remaining introns are fitted by the author into looped structures held by unwound tRNA1Lys. The two groups of introns suggested coincide exactly with the Dujonian classes I and II, his classification being based on inner clusters of homology rather than intron/exon boundaries used here. A quite impressive fit was found also between tRNA1Lys and box 9, a sequence needed for splicing of a 1st class intron b14 RNA. The sequences playing probably a crucial role in splicing of 2nd class introns: GGGGG and GGCUC are both complementary to a 3'-CCCCC--GAG-5'-sequence in the GT psi C loop+arm of tRNA1Lys. Used or not in splicing tRNA1Lys curiously enough looks like a compendium of nucleotide sequences needed to handle the mitochondrial mosaic genes RNAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6558418 TI - Binding of human C4 to C-reactive protein-pneumococcal C-polysaccharide complexes during activation of the classical complement pathway. AB - Sequential interaction of CRP-PnC aggregates, made at slight CRP excess, with purified human C1, C4 and C2oxy resulted in formation of an effective C3 convertase, indicating the binding of C1, C4 and C2 on the aggregates. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that, following cleavage of 125I-C4 by CRP-PnC-C1 complexes, approximately 3% of the 125I-C4 was bound to CRP while a lower percentage was bound to PnC, CRP-C4 complexes could also be demonstrated by substituting 125I-CRP for 125I-C4. The nature of the CRP-C4 bond was examined by electrophoretic analysis. Complexes of 125I-C4-CRP prepared as earlier were incubated at 100 degrees C for 2 min in buffer containing 2% SDS and 5% beta mercaptoethanol and subjected to electrophoresis in SDS-containing polyacrylamide gradient slab gels. Autoradiography of the dried gels revealed the presence of high mol. wt bands containing the alpha'-chain of C4b. CRP could also be demonstrated in these high mol. wt bands which apparently represented covalent complexes between the alpha'-chain of C4b and CRP monomers. Since CRP contains no detectable carbohydrate, it seems likely that an amide bond is formed between the two proteins. PMID- 6558419 TI - Heparin prevents formation of the human C3 amplification convertase by inhibiting the binding site for B on C3b. AB - Fluid-phase heparin prevents generation of the C3 amplification convertase of human complement, C3b, Bb most likely by inhibiting the formation of the bimolecular complex between cell-bound C3b and B. The effect of heparin on the binding of B to C3b was examined using 125I-labelled B and C3b-bearing sheep erythrocytes (EsC3b). In the absence of heparin, B bound to EsC3b with an affinity of 0.5-1 X 10(6) M-1 in the presence of 5 mM Mg2+. Incremental amounts of heparin (100-700 micrograms/10(7) EsC3b) inhibited the binding of 125I-B to C3b in a dose-dependent manner. Scatchard analysis of the binding data in the presence of four inhibitory concns of heparin revealed that heparin did not affect the binding affinity of B for C3b but decreased the number of C3b sites recognized by B on the cells. No inhibition of binding occurred in the presence of totally (N- and O-) desulfated heparin which has no anticomplementary activity. These results demonstrate that heparin prevents generation of the C3 amplification convertase by binding to cell-bound C3b and masking the binding site for B on C3b. PMID- 6558420 TI - The voice of the theatre nurse. 1st Regional Study Days, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, 19 and 20 August 1983. PMID- 6558421 TI - Third World Conference of Operating Room Nurses. PMID- 6558422 TI - The opening speech for the 19th Annual Congress. PMID- 6558423 TI - Competent to care. PMID- 6558424 TI - Music in the operating suite. PMID- 6558425 TI - A visit to Geneva. PMID- 6558426 TI - FTC and the professions: continuing controversy. PMID- 6558427 TI - Integrated health care: the whole person in community. PMID- 6558428 TI - Nursing economics: policy review. The Hill focuses on children. PMID- 6558429 TI - Organizational responsibility in health care. PMID- 6558430 TI - Budgeting: functional or dysfunctional? PMID- 6558431 TI - Changing jobs? A look at employment and agencies and executive search firms. PMID- 6558432 TI - Consumers benefit from banks' aggressive attitudes. PMID- 6558433 TI - Computerization helps solve staff scheduling problems. PMID- 6558434 TI - Manual expression of milk by breast feeding mothers. Winning research project 1983. PMID- 6558436 TI - 1983 Keynote Address. Collegiality--a strong political force. PMID- 6558435 TI - The anatomy of a profession. PMID- 6558438 TI - Networking community services: politics of hospice development. PMID- 6558437 TI - Graduate education for primary care practitioners using a nursing model. PMID- 6558439 TI - Teaching employed RNs in BSN programs. PMID- 6558440 TI - An approach to the assessment of programs in nursing education. PMID- 6558441 TI - Sharing: facing the known. PMID- 6558442 TI - Medication errors. Use caution if you must administer medications obtained from a source other than the pharmacy. PMID- 6558444 TI - Tetracyclines. PMID- 6558443 TI - Handling hemorrhage wisely. PMID- 6558445 TI - Creative hairwashing techniques for immobilized patients. PMID- 6558446 TI - Portal hypertension: physiology, signs and symptoms. PMID- 6558447 TI - A lesson in living. PMID- 6558448 TI - Teaming up to send the end-stage COPD patient home. Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 6558449 TI - Reporting and following up on medication errors. PMID- 6558450 TI - Infections of the ear, nose and throat. PMID- 6558451 TI - Hearing impairment in children. PMID- 6558452 TI - Laryngectomy: nursing care; a patient's view. PMID- 6558453 TI - Hearing loss--the invisible disability. PMID- 6558454 TI - Ear syringing. PMID- 6558455 TI - Lasers in ENT. PMID- 6558456 TI - Epistaxis in the elderly. PMID- 6558458 TI - Tracheostomy management. PMID- 6558457 TI - Craniofacial resection. PMID- 6558459 TI - A special NursingLife poll report on the right to die. PMID- 6558460 TI - One nurse's story: what I had to do for my patient Mac. PMID- 6558461 TI - Facts to know about living wills. PMID- 6558462 TI - Recognizing personal styles--to get along better with people. PMID- 6558464 TI - Coping with pulmonary embolism. A guide to understanding, diagnosing, and preventing it (continuing education unit). PMID- 6558463 TI - Coping with pulmonary embolism. 'Come quick! Something's wrong with my husband'. PMID- 6558465 TI - Understanding pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6558466 TI - Get all the tax breaks you deserve. PMID- 6558467 TI - What burn centers want you to know. PMID- 6558468 TI - 7 ways to cure communication breakdowns. PMID- 6558469 TI - Mrs. Bradley knew it all--and couldn't keep it to herself. PMID- 6558471 TI - Court case. A fatal mistake? PMID- 6558470 TI - Six legal safeguards vs. drug errors. PMID- 6558473 TI - U.S./Egypt/Israel: a cross cultural study. PMID- 6558472 TI - Predictors of success for ADN graduates. PMID- 6558474 TI - Clinical nursing research: a proposal of standards. PMID- 6558475 TI - Faculty practice and social support. PMID- 6558476 TI - Recruitment and selection of senior nurses. PMID- 6558477 TI - Cancer nursing, the Marsden experience. PMID- 6558478 TI - The fat nurse. PMID- 6558479 TI - Nuclear war: the implications for nursing. PMID- 6558481 TI - Should hospitals opt out of Social Security? PMID- 6558480 TI - Technology in nursing. PMID- 6558482 TI - Are we putting old people on hold? PMID- 6558483 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Right of nursing student to pursue higher degree. PMID- 6558484 TI - Nurses on the move. PMID- 6558485 TI - Practical management course. Module 7: the bookends of management: hiring and firing. PMID- 6558486 TI - "Tailor-made" long term care. PMID- 6558487 TI - The problems of falls in the elderly. PMID- 6558488 TI - Enriching OR practice. PMID- 6558489 TI - Moving your staff toward excellent performance. PMID- 6558490 TI - Modifying schedules makes jobs more satisfying. PMID- 6558491 TI - NGR (Nursing Grand Rounds): a project. PMID- 6558492 TI - Alcohol and the OH role. 2. Prevention of alcoholism. PMID- 6558493 TI - Helping smokers to give up. PMID- 6558494 TI - North Sea survival course. PMID- 6558495 TI - Safety. Cancer: estimates and priorities. PMID- 6558496 TI - Alcohol and the OH role. 1. The effects of problem drinking. PMID- 6558497 TI - Outcome evaluation: occupational health nursing series. PMID- 6558498 TI - AAOHN education survey. PMID- 6558499 TI - Understanding OSHA's new noise exposure regulation. PMID- 6558500 TI - CAOHC update. PMID- 6558501 TI - Criticism: survival tactics for the nurse. PMID- 6558502 TI - Critical issues in nursing practice, education, and research. PMID- 6558504 TI - Occupational health nursing: influence on policymaking. PMID- 6558503 TI - Occupational health nursing practice: a state of the art. PMID- 6558505 TI - Strategies and approaches to policymaking: a nursing perspective. PMID- 6558506 TI - Professional liability in occupational health nursing. PMID- 6558507 TI - A management model for occupational health nursing practice. PMID- 6558508 TI - Hospital employee health issues. PMID- 6558509 TI - Drugs and dosages: cocaine: abuse spreads. PMID- 6558510 TI - Lowering the uncertainties of arthritis with a nurse-led support group. PMID- 6558511 TI - Substance abuse: an occupational hazard among nurses. Part 2. PMID- 6558513 TI - [Unsurmountable death--how does one die in our society? 1]. PMID- 6558512 TI - Oregon's view of entry into practice. PMID- 6558514 TI - [Project-oriented teaching in nursing education. II]. PMID- 6558515 TI - [Intermediate program of the WHO for the nursing and midwifery system in Europe. Introduction of the nursing process in Austria]. PMID- 6558516 TI - [The hidden diagnosis]. PMID- 6558517 TI - Informed consent and health decisions of adolescents - why the dilemma? PMID- 6558518 TI - Using nursing process. School nurse practitioner has well-defined role. PMID- 6558519 TI - Deja vu - 1975: the Revised Practice Act for Registered Nurses - an interpretation. PMID- 6558520 TI - Nurses opinions of themselves important in negotiations. PMID- 6558521 TI - Twenty years a nurse and now what will I be? PMID- 6558522 TI - Orientation to academia: the socialization of new faculty. PMID- 6558523 TI - Students' perceptions of clinical teaching. PMID- 6558524 TI - Analysis of nurses' verbal communication with patients. PMID- 6558525 TI - [Description of resistance to change in a project designed to improve the quality of nursing care]. PMID- 6558526 TI - My ethical tightrope. PMID- 6558527 TI - An ill for every pill? PMID- 6558529 TI - Towards tomorrow's world: practising health for all. PMID- 6558528 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. 1. Speaking across the continents. PMID- 6558530 TI - Battered old people. PMID- 6558531 TI - Statistics for nurses. 4. Student's t test. PMID- 6558533 TI - Mental health nursing. The spirit of the law. PMID- 6558532 TI - Mental health nursing. PMID- 6558534 TI - Mental health nursing. Responses to holding power. PMID- 6558535 TI - Mental health nursing. More efficient--less effective? PMID- 6558536 TI - How efficient is a compression bandage? PMID- 6558537 TI - The effect of increased reward money. PMID- 6558538 TI - Hospital surveys. 1. Rating scales in planning services. PMID- 6558539 TI - Nursing in the year 2001. PMID- 6558540 TI - Time for the healing approach. PMID- 6558541 TI - The Griffiths report: grasping the challenge. PMID- 6558542 TI - The Griffiths report: people first. PMID- 6558543 TI - The uniform approach. 1. Time to be individuals. PMID- 6558544 TI - The uniform approach. 2. Uniforms for psychiatric nurses? PMID- 6558545 TI - The uniform approach. 3. Footsore nurses. PMID- 6558546 TI - The uniform approach. 4. Looking after your feet. PMID- 6558547 TI - Hospital surveys. 2. A hospital service reorganised. PMID- 6558548 TI - Pain relief--the core of nursing practice. PMID- 6558549 TI - Statistics for nurses. 5. Chi square test. PMID- 6558550 TI - Patient education. PMID- 6558551 TI - Hysterectomy: dispelling the myths.--1. PMID- 6558552 TI - Responsibility for research. PMID- 6558553 TI - A clinical learning project. PMID- 6558554 TI - Nursing in the Third World. PMID- 6558556 TI - The Griffiths Report. Have we been this way before? PMID- 6558555 TI - Requiem for a quango. PMID- 6558557 TI - Training for the dole. PMID- 6558558 TI - The wounds of war. PMID- 6558559 TI - Hypertension screening. PMID- 6558560 TI - Hospital surveys. 3. Implications for health care. PMID- 6558561 TI - Effects and results of different teaching methods. PMID- 6558562 TI - The uniform approach. 5. More choice for duty shoes? PMID- 6558563 TI - The effect on careers of hospital admission of the elderly. PMID- 6558565 TI - Double handicap. 2. Does he take sugar? PMID- 6558564 TI - Hysterectomy: dispelling the myths - 2. PMID- 6558566 TI - Team work in primary health care. PMID- 6558567 TI - You are what you eat. PMID- 6558568 TI - Class of '83. PMID- 6558569 TI - Manpower planning. 1. Past initiatives. PMID- 6558570 TI - Pain relief--the importance of communication. PMID- 6558571 TI - Professional responsibility. PMID- 6558572 TI - Trained nurses' needs. PMID- 6558573 TI - CNAA-approved nursing courses. PMID- 6558574 TI - Community care study. Leigh's disease. PMID- 6558575 TI - Double handicap. 3. Physiotherapy in mental handicap. PMID- 6558576 TI - Pharmaco-kinetics. PMID- 6558577 TI - Systems of life No 108. Setting up the systems - 8. The embryonic period. PMID- 6558578 TI - The dawn shift. PMID- 6558579 TI - Belt, buckle and badge. PMID- 6558580 TI - A very necessary overlap. PMID- 6558582 TI - Dependence with dignity. PMID- 6558581 TI - Talking about taboos. PMID- 6558583 TI - Detecting breast disease. 1. The Southampton breast study--implications for nurses. PMID- 6558584 TI - Detecting breast disease. 2. Breast self-examination by NHS staff. PMID- 6558585 TI - Occupational health and the nurse. PMID- 6558587 TI - Multiple birth. PMID- 6558586 TI - Manpower planning. 2. Present developments. PMID- 6558588 TI - The art of listening. PMID- 6558589 TI - The repatriation of Henry. PMID- 6558591 TI - The nursing progress. PMID- 6558590 TI - Cold turkey. PMID- 6558593 TI - The patient as artist. Interview by Renata Langford. PMID- 6558592 TI - 'Twas the night before Christmas'. PMID- 6558594 TI - Carrot and stick approach? PMID- 6558595 TI - Letter from a DNS. PMID- 6558596 TI - Double handicap. 4. Solving feeding problems. PMID- 6558597 TI - Manpower planning. 3. Conflicting models. PMID- 6558598 TI - Nursing in the UK and the USA. PMID- 6558599 TI - Spotlight on children. PMID- 6558600 TI - Spotlight on children. Apnoea of the newborn. PMID- 6558601 TI - Spotlight on children. Paediatric care--contrasts and developments. PMID- 6558602 TI - The child's view of chronic illness. PMID- 6558603 TI - The new RNMS syllabus. PMID- 6558604 TI - How not to pass your exams. PMID- 6558605 TI - How well do you communicate? PMID- 6558606 TI - Are you sitting comfortably?. Interview by Tamara Ross. PMID- 6558607 TI - Neglect us at your peril. PMID- 6558608 TI - Occupational health nursing: the coalminer's granddaughter. Interview by Catharine Sadler. PMID- 6558609 TI - A model for nursing. PMID- 6558610 TI - No smoke without fire? PMID- 6558611 TI - Profile. Retired - but not retiring. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6558612 TI - The best of both worlds. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6558613 TI - Working towards priorities. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6558614 TI - An inside view. Clinical. PMID- 6558615 TI - Community: secondary health support. PMID- 6558617 TI - Nursing care study: a stubborn silence. PMID- 6558616 TI - Keeping them out of hospital. PMID- 6558618 TI - Nursing care study: taking the strain. PMID- 6558619 TI - Iveson's opinion: opportunity knocks? PMID- 6558620 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. 11. The male menopause. PMID- 6558621 TI - Organise and be effective. PMID- 6558622 TI - Adding life to years. PMID- 6558624 TI - Adding life to years. PMID- 6558623 TI - Adding life to years. PMID- 6558625 TI - The hazards of affluence. PMID- 6558626 TI - Sisters' page: teaching what you practise. PMID- 6558627 TI - Management: new from old. PMID- 6558628 TI - Management: would you like to wait over there please? PMID- 6558630 TI - Law: vicarious liability. PMID- 6558629 TI - Matters of conscience. Resuscitation: merely preserving life? PMID- 6558631 TI - Nursing care study: puerperal psychosis. PMID- 6558632 TI - The scale of obesity. PMID- 6558633 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 10. Solvent abuse. PMID- 6558634 TI - Nursing Mirror Community forum. 10. Solvent abuse. From day to day.. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6558635 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 10. Solvent abuse. Ronnie's story. PMID- 6558636 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 10. Solvent abuse. A father's tale. PMID- 6558637 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 10. Solvent abuse. Transitory thrills or lasting lows. PMID- 6558638 TI - The European connection. PMID- 6558639 TI - Parents Anonymous. PMID- 6558640 TI - A family gift. PMID- 6558641 TI - Focus on the elderly. No time to train. PMID- 6558642 TI - Student's view. Too apathetic to bother? PMID- 6558643 TI - Nurses in society. Do Poms care? PMID- 6558644 TI - The many faces of disease. PMID- 6558645 TI - Education: a valuable estimate. PMID- 6558646 TI - Learner's page: frustrated of Eastbourne. PMID- 6558647 TI - Management: square pegs for square holes. PMID- 6558648 TI - Pharmacology: minihep darts. PMID- 6558649 TI - Saints and sensibility. PMID- 6558650 TI - Matters of conscience. Make a conscious effort. PMID- 6558651 TI - Thalassaemia: a shift to the north. PMID- 6558652 TI - Patient's page. Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. PMID- 6558653 TI - Nursing in Hong Kong. PMID- 6558654 TI - Management: all in the game. PMID- 6558655 TI - Sister's page: the givers-up, and the strugglers-in. PMID- 6558656 TI - Ovarian cystectomy. PMID- 6558657 TI - Clinical. 3. Preserving your diet. PMID- 6558658 TI - Food: eat, drink and be merry. PMID- 6558660 TI - Midwifery: welcome to the fold. PMID- 6558659 TI - Nursing care study. Victim of the snow. PMID- 6558661 TI - Off the record. Whatever happened to Matron? PMID- 6558662 TI - Education: alcohol dependency nursing. PMID- 6558663 TI - Nursing care study. Two steps to freedom. PMID- 6558664 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. The nursing process and psychiatry. PMID- 6558665 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. Making decisions. PMID- 6558666 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. Problems remain. PMID- 6558667 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. The story of John. PMID- 6558668 TI - Nursing Mirror Nursing Intensive Care Group Journal. 3. Haemofiltration. PMID- 6558670 TI - Toward a working model. PMID- 6558669 TI - Nursing Mirror Intensive Care Group Journal. 3. Thymectomy: on the receiving end. PMID- 6558671 TI - Research: step by step. PMID- 6558672 TI - The kidney. PMID- 6558673 TI - Law: acting against orders. PMID- 6558674 TI - What's in a name? PMID- 6558675 TI - Focus on the elderly: years of vigour. PMID- 6558676 TI - Clinical. 4. Naturally occurring risks. PMID- 6558677 TI - Juvenile laryngeal papilloma. PMID- 6558678 TI - Guidelines for nursing care of patients with an alteration in elimination. PMID- 6558679 TI - Research questions and answers (selection of appropriate statistical methods). PMID- 6558680 TI - Are oncology nurses too expensive? PMID- 6558681 TI - Mycosis fungoides: a nursing perspective. PMID- 6558682 TI - Choriocarcinoma: a multi-faceted challenge. PMID- 6558683 TI - Nurses' ability to detect nodules in silicone breast models. PMID- 6558684 TI - Development of nursing care guidelines: putting the ONS outcome standards to work. PMID- 6558686 TI - Drama as an educational tool. PMID- 6558685 TI - Effects of organizational characteristics on the turnover in cancer nursing. PMID- 6558687 TI - Cancer nursing perspectives. The early days: four smiles and a post office box. PMID- 6558688 TI - The auto-syringe infusion pump: a patient guide. PMID- 6558689 TI - Nursing supporting nurses. PMID- 6558690 TI - The laying of soapy hands. PMID- 6558691 TI - [Trace elements in nutrition]. PMID- 6558692 TI - [To organize properly]. PMID- 6558693 TI - [Organizational changes in the Nursing Department of the Medical Academy in Poznan]. PMID- 6558694 TI - [Scientific principles in nursing]. PMID- 6558696 TI - [Perhaps with difficulty--but forthrightly]. PMID- 6558695 TI - [Mental health (sanitas psichica). 1]. PMID- 6558697 TI - [Hygiene and rest Japanese style]. PMID- 6558698 TI - [Cardiotocography]. PMID- 6558699 TI - [To abide by principles or to fight for them?]. PMID- 6558700 TI - [Substantive responsibility]. PMID- 6558701 TI - [Complicated pregnancy]. PMID- 6558702 TI - [Partnership arrangement and psychosexual disorders]. PMID- 6558703 TI - [Nursing care]. PMID- 6558704 TI - [Our food allowances--and mineral elements]. PMID- 6558705 TI - [Nursing process in practice]. PMID- 6558706 TI - [Care of the child with neoplastic disease]. PMID- 6558708 TI - [1st graduates from Wroclaw]. PMID- 6558707 TI - [Healthy upbringing of children and youth in light of the report of the World Health Organization]. PMID- 6558709 TI - [Defense mechanisms of personality]. PMID- 6558710 TI - [Scientific principles in nursing]. PMID- 6558711 TI - [Apropos scientific principles in nursing]. PMID- 6558712 TI - [Criteria of mental health (criterium sanitatis psichicae)]. PMID- 6558713 TI - [Instruction in the nursing process]. PMID- 6558714 TI - [Not just careers]. PMID- 6558715 TI - [Seminar of the Department of Teachers of the Profession]. PMID- 6558716 TI - [Patient and nurse]. PMID- 6558717 TI - [Diagnosis of cancer of the genital system]. PMID- 6558718 TI - [Milk in our nutrition]. PMID- 6558719 TI - [Gynecological diagnostic studies]. PMID- 6558720 TI - [Problems of community care]. PMID- 6558721 TI - [Prostaglandins in obstetrics and gynecology. Current views]. PMID- 6558722 TI - [Youth and the school hygienist]. PMID- 6558724 TI - [Master of nursing in the school medical office]. PMID- 6558725 TI - [Moral competence: virtues]. PMID- 6558723 TI - [Drugs causing dependence]. PMID- 6558726 TI - [What are nurses like?. Interview by Jadwiga Lorens-Mola]. PMID- 6558727 TI - [Her own person in control. Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6558728 TI - [Health care team on the outskirts]. PMID- 6558729 TI - [Central Nursing Library]. PMID- 6558730 TI - [Opium derivatives]. PMID- 6558731 TI - [Menstrual cycle disorders]. PMID- 6558732 TI - [Kidneys and pregnancy]. PMID- 6558733 TI - [Management personnel]. PMID- 6558735 TI - Student nurses: accidents and nursing school liability. Case in point: Whittington v. Sowela Tech. Inst. (438 So. 2d 236--LA). PMID- 6558734 TI - Documentation: when M.D.'s and R.N.'s conceal the truth. PMID- 6558736 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. NY: baby stolen from hospital: liability. KY: hosp. liability for nurse-anesthetist's error. PMID- 6558737 TI - Nurse administrators: tenure and termination. Case in point: Richardson v. Charles Cole Mem. Hosp. (466 A. 2d 1084--PA). PMID- 6558738 TI - The relation of life stress and social support to emotional disequilibrium during pregnancy. AB - A convenience sample of 141 medically normal adult women in the mid-trimester of pregnancy were tested with standardized instruments during a routine prenatal visit. Life stress was measured for the 12-month-period preceding testing. The dependent variable, emotional disequilibrium, was a factor-analyzed construct derived from measures of state anxiety, trait anxiety, depression, and self esteem. Life stress accounted for 29.71% of the variance in emotional disequilibrium (p = .0001), and social support accounted for a separate and non interactive 3.11% of the variance (p = .01). Emotional disequilibrium in pregnancy decreased as a function of decreasing life stress and increasing social support. PMID- 6558739 TI - Contraceptive use by adolescent females in relation to knowledge, and to time and method of contraceptive counseling. AB - Contraceptive behavior of adolescent females was examined in relation to their level of knowledge, and time and method of contraceptive counseling. Subjects were 122 subscribers to a prepaid health plan, 13-18 years of age, unmarried, sexually active, and not desiring pregnancy. Contraceptive counseling was offered to 62 adolescents following receipt of a negative pregnancy test and to 60 adolescents following a routine medical visit. The 80 adolescents who chose to participate in the study were randomly assigned to a conventional or developmental method of counseling. The effectiveness of their contraceptive practice was measured 1 year later. Two hypotheses were not upheld: Sexually active adolescents were not more likely to accept contraceptive counseling at the time of a negative pregnancy test than at a time of a routine medical visit, and did not subsequently become more effective users of contraceptives. Two hypotheses were upheld: Effective and ineffective users of contraception did not differ in level of knowledge, and adolescents counseled by a developmental method practiced contraception more effectively than those counseled by a conventional method. Findings are discussed in terms of the theory of adolescent development and the proposition that a pregnancy scare motivates teenagers to control fertility. PMID- 6558740 TI - Mother-, father-, and examiner--reported temperament across the first year of life. AB - The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale (BNAS) was administered to 19 newborns, and their fathers completed the Broussard Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPl-l); at 1 year of age, the infants' fathers and mothers completed the Perception of Baby Temperament (PBT) scale. The 19 infants were first born, full-term, and the result of normal, vaginal deliveries. Relationships were found between examiner reported temperament (BNAS) and both father- and mother-reported temperament at 1 year (PBT). Fathers were sensitive to the physical dimension of temperament and mothers were sensitive to the adaptive dimension. Three father-reported newborns behaviors (NPl-l) were related to father-reported temperament at 1 year (PBT). Little relationship between father- and mother-reported temperament (PBT) was found when infants were 1 year of age. Findings can be used to plan future research on newborn behavior, parental characteristics, and parental perceptions of 1-year-olds' temperaments. PMID- 6558741 TI - A computer-compatible method for observing falling asleep behavior of hospitalized children. AB - A family-organizational linkage framework was used to conceptualize the nighttime separation behaviors of 18 hospitalized children, ages 3 to 8, whose parents did not room-in. All children were observed for three consecutive nights during the falling asleep period. A bedtime story, tape recorded by the parent, was played on the second and third nights for one group. Frequency and duration of falling asleep behaviors were recorded and analyzed with the Senders Signals and Receivers System, a computer-compatible method of recording behavioral data. Eight conceptual behavioral categories emerged from the data: sleepy, contact, active, inactive, neutral, communication, distress, and pleasure. The story children fell asleep sooner (23 minutes vs. 28 minutes), exhibited more sleepy behaviors, and displayed fewer active behaviors. Duration of contact behaviors also was greater in this group (22 minutes vs. 14 minutes). Hospitalized children who hear a bedtime story recorded by a parent appear to use self-soothing behaviors to cope with the separation experience. PMID- 6558743 TI - Finding jobs for qualified nurses. PMID- 6558742 TI - Council sends urgent letter to Mrs. Thatcher. PM told: move now on pay review body. PMID- 6558744 TI - Continuing/post basic education benefits. Interview by Steve Ellis. PMID- 6558745 TI - A time for commitment. PMID- 6558746 TI - Prove you are good managers. Annual Nursing Lecture. PMID- 6558747 TI - NHS 'vulnerable to racism' claim. PMID- 6558748 TI - Grim and pointed message from ENB about Griffiths. PMID- 6558749 TI - Tragic shortage of nurses. PMID- 6558750 TI - Constant noise can dull positive patient communication. Perpetual tv and radio could harm health. Interview by Steve Ellis. PMID- 6558751 TI - Needs of visually handicapped. PMID- 6558752 TI - Patient and family workshops: a new teaching approach for spinal cord injury. PMID- 6558753 TI - Spinal cord injury in adolescence. PMID- 6558754 TI - Transdisciplinary approach to a brain injured child. PMID- 6558755 TI - Adult day care--support system for the disabled elderly and their caregivers. PMID- 6558756 TI - Integration of nursing and therapy: an educational approach. PMID- 6558757 TI - [Orthopedic disorders of the spine]. PMID- 6558759 TI - [Orthopedic disorders of the foot]. PMID- 6558758 TI - [Orthopedic disorders of the hip]. PMID- 6558760 TI - [Monitoring concerned with the upper limb]. PMID- 6558761 TI - [Monitoring and care of a child with a corrective cast for spinal deformity]. PMID- 6558762 TI - [Hip dislocation. Care and monitoring of various reduction technics in hip dislocation]. PMID- 6558763 TI - [Care and monitoring of a patient with surgery of the hip, thigh or knee]. PMID- 6558764 TI - [The nurse and scar formation. Round table]. PMID- 6558765 TI - [Nursing care in pediatric orthopedics. General aspects]. PMID- 6558766 TI - [Orthopedic disorders of the upper limb]. PMID- 6558767 TI - [Urinary incontinence in the elderly: the Swedish lesson]. PMID- 6558768 TI - [Grenoble: hospitalization at home]. PMID- 6558770 TI - [Pow, boom, etcetera. Help, we can no longer hear one another!]. PMID- 6558769 TI - [Emergencies in drug addicts]. PMID- 6558771 TI - [Physiology of hemostasis and of fibrinolysis]. PMID- 6558772 TI - [Intravenous perfusions: solutions, medicines]. PMID- 6558773 TI - [Therapeutics: oral anticoagulants]. PMID- 6558774 TI - Fletcher factor deficiency (Report of a new case). AB - A new case of Fletcher factor (prekallikrein) deficiency is described. The patient did not have any abnormal bleeding tendency, but showed defective intrinsic thromboplastin production and reduced fibrinolytic system activity; he had no factor VIII, IX, XI and XII deficiencies. His plasma did not contain any detectable prekallikrein levels. PMID- 6558775 TI - [Nutritional behavior and psychology. The consequences for obesity]. PMID- 6558777 TI - [Decubitus ulcers: physiology and treatment]. PMID- 6558776 TI - [Let us prevent caries]. PMID- 6558778 TI - [Coronary angiography]. PMID- 6558779 TI - [Children with severe cerebral palsy: planning their rehabilitation]. PMID- 6558781 TI - [Iatrogenic nursing problems in the ICU]. PMID- 6558780 TI - [Monitored arterial pressure]. PMID- 6558782 TI - [Responsibility, rights, duties]. PMID- 6558783 TI - [Congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 6558785 TI - [Instruments of education]. PMID- 6558784 TI - [Research methods centered in the community]. PMID- 6558786 TI - [Nursing in a declaration. The Spanish Nursing Education Association]. PMID- 6558787 TI - Higher degrees of AV block. PMID- 6558788 TI - When a problem personality compromises care. PMID- 6558790 TI - Tenacious headaches. How to break their grip. PMID- 6558789 TI - Tenacious headaches. How to break their grip. Is it just a headache--or a warning? PMID- 6558791 TI - You can help the migraine patient. PMID- 6558792 TI - Pulling your patient through an adrenal crisis. PMID- 6558793 TI - Playing it safe around cesium implants. PMID- 6558794 TI - How we cut intensive care down to size. PMID- 6558795 TI - Was this postop death preventable? PMID- 6558796 TI - Emergency! When intubation is up to you. PMID- 6558797 TI - Balloon flotation catheters today. New protocols for the Swan-Ganz. Part II. PMID- 6558798 TI - Male nurses: what they think about themselves--and others. PMID- 6558799 TI - Protect yourself from the hazards of anticancer drugs. PMID- 6558800 TI - Why the baccalaureate? PMID- 6558801 TI - Continuing education. "So you want to plan a workshop . . .". PMID- 6558802 TI - Emergency care nursing--part of the team. PMID- 6558803 TI - Specialization. PMID- 6558804 TI - [Interactional analysis--a possibility to identify families at risk]. PMID- 6558805 TI - [Morning toilet]. PMID- 6558807 TI - [How to preserve, for example, a severed finger?]. PMID- 6558806 TI - [Leg ulcer--a problem in care and a social handicap]. PMID- 6558808 TI - [How to achieve a better self-care capability?]. PMID- 6558809 TI - [Confidence Committee in the Orebro district]. PMID- 6558810 TI - [Working with hygiene in primary care]. PMID- 6558811 TI - [Orem's self-care theory]. PMID- 6558812 TI - [The rehabilitation nurse: reflections on and analysis of 85 files]. PMID- 6558813 TI - [The nurse: health educator. Her role with handicapped persons]. PMID- 6558814 TI - [The nurse and communication disorders in rehabilitation]. PMID- 6558815 TI - [The "Kerpape" project. Study of the workload of nurses' aides in a functional rehabilitation department at the Kerpape Center]. PMID- 6558816 TI - [Why this day on the theme of "Being an nurse in a functional rehabilitation department"]. PMID- 6558817 TI - [How about this day on the theme "Being a nurse in a functional rehabilitation department"?]. PMID- 6558818 TI - [The activities of the society on the international level]. PMID- 6558819 TI - [The French National Association of Diploma Nurses and Student Nurses]. PMID- 6558821 TI - [Evolution of the profession and official texts]. PMID- 6558820 TI - [Health care in cardiology. The case of Mister X]. PMID- 6558822 TI - [Education of psychiatric nurses]. PMID- 6558823 TI - [Urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6558824 TI - [The association phenomenon]. PMID- 6558825 TI - [Mechanisms, signs and treatment of renal colic]. PMID- 6558826 TI - [Clinical circumstances of the detection of renal lithiasis]. PMID- 6558827 TI - [Radiologic tests in lithiasis]. PMID- 6558828 TI - [Biological tests in lithiasis]. PMID- 6558830 TI - [Natural history common to all chemical forms of lithiasis]. PMID- 6558829 TI - [Medical treatment of lithiasis]. PMID- 6558831 TI - [Urologic indications in the treatment of renal lithiasis]. PMID- 6558832 TI - [An emergency for the nephrology nurse: renal colic]. PMID- 6558833 TI - [State diploma of nursing. June 1983 session]. PMID- 6558834 TI - [Schooling of handicapped or disturbed children and adolescents]. PMID- 6558835 TI - [Epidemiology and nutritional factors in renal lithiasis]. PMID- 6558836 TI - [Career choice in adolescence]. PMID- 6558837 TI - [Breaking the bond in adolescence and the family novel]. PMID- 6558838 TI - [Father's choice]. PMID- 6558839 TI - [Eating behavior disorders in adolescents]. PMID- 6558840 TI - [Foreword. Adolescence, psycho-affective development and pathology]. PMID- 6558841 TI - [Adolescents in the hospital: methods of management]. PMID- 6558842 TI - [The sex of angels. Reflections on the emergence of puberty in psychotic children in institutions]. PMID- 6558843 TI - [Team psychotherapy]. PMID- 6558844 TI - [Adolescence: normalcy and pathology]. PMID- 6558845 TI - [Assessment scales of asthenic depressive states. Significance and value]. PMID- 6558846 TI - [The adolescent at school]. PMID- 6558847 TI - [Ergotherapy in the psychiatric environment]. PMID- 6558848 TI - [History of a mentally deficient patient: Paulette B... or 20 years of institutionalization]. PMID- 6558850 TI - [A 5-day trip into the back country: l'Ardeche]. PMID- 6558851 TI - [Development of public opinion concerning medical prescriptions]. PMID- 6558849 TI - [A patient during the day: Mister C..., 70 years]. PMID- 6558852 TI - [The effect of leadership behavior on the morale and activities of the team as derived from an experience]. PMID- 6558853 TI - [Use of a pressure chain by the nurse in the hemodynamic monitoring of patients]. PMID- 6558854 TI - [Intracoronary thrombolysis in the acute phase of an infarct]. PMID- 6558855 TI - [Activities in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 6558856 TI - [The nurse faced with a case of intracoronary thrombolysis]. PMID- 6558857 TI - [Continuous electrocardiography in rhythm disorders]. PMID- 6558858 TI - [Toward a better application of the prevention of coronary diseases in the hospital]. PMID- 6558859 TI - [Monitoring in cardiology]. PMID- 6558860 TI - [Treatment of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6558861 TI - [The nurse faced with cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6558862 TI - [Infarction?, And after...]. PMID- 6558863 TI - [Hemodynamic basis of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6558864 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency: clinical study]. PMID- 6558865 TI - [Blood circulation]. PMID- 6558866 TI - [Coronary circulation]. PMID- 6558867 TI - [Electrical activity of the heart]. PMID- 6558868 TI - [Regulation of the arterial pressure]. PMID- 6558869 TI - [Cardiovascular clinical examination]. PMID- 6558870 TI - [Electrocardiogram. Thoracic radiography. Phonomechanogram]. PMID- 6558871 TI - [Echocardiography. Principal technics, methods and results in normal subjects]. PMID- 6558873 TI - [Management of the newborn infant in fetomaternal incompatibility]. PMID- 6558872 TI - [Anatomical review of the heart and blood vessels]. PMID- 6558874 TI - [Immunologic disorders and hemolytic disease of newborn infants. Management in the labor room]. PMID- 6558876 TI - [Immunologic disorders and hemolytic disease of the newborn infant. Further neonatal care]. PMID- 6558875 TI - [Obstetrical supervision of fetomaternal blood group incompatibilities]. PMID- 6558877 TI - [Remote future of infants with perinatal hemolytic disease due to fetomaternal blood group incompatibility]. PMID- 6558878 TI - [Pregnancy: Successful transplant. Survey of the mechanism]. PMID- 6558879 TI - [Current status of the prevention of alloimmunization]. PMID- 6558880 TI - [Superinfected varicella]. PMID- 6558881 TI - [Activities of an infant welfare center]. PMID- 6558882 TI - [Diagnosis of cervical pain in children]. PMID- 6558883 TI - [Contraception and voluntary pregnancy interruption in public hospital establishments. Circular DGS/2A No. 12-82 of 12 October 1982]. PMID- 6558884 TI - [Manner, formation of hazardous antibodies for pregnancy]. PMID- 6558885 TI - [Malignant tumors: cancer of the cervix. Risk factors and detection]. PMID- 6558886 TI - [Intra-epithelial epithelioma of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6558887 TI - [Invasive cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6558888 TI - [Risk factors and detection of cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6558889 TI - [Cancer of the body of the uterus]. PMID- 6558890 TI - [Endometrial dysplasia and polyps]. PMID- 6558891 TI - [Sleep disorders in young children: psychological approach]. PMID- 6558892 TI - [Glossary in childhood epidemiology]. PMID- 6558894 TI - [Mother-child hospitalization]. PMID- 6558893 TI - [Tumors of the uterus: benign tumors: fibromas]. PMID- 6558895 TI - [Grimstad meets the influx of elderly. Reduced length of stay in institutions - minimal waiting time for a nursing home place]. PMID- 6558897 TI - [Do we make use of nursing research?]. PMID- 6558898 TI - [Giants with giant problems]. PMID- 6558896 TI - [Research project in Denmark: group conference with patients as the leading characters]. PMID- 6558899 TI - [Confidence choice--key questions on key tasks. Innovation or preservation?]. PMID- 6558900 TI - [The need for nursing services in the year 2000]. PMID- 6558901 TI - [New education proposal for industrial nurses]. PMID- 6558902 TI - [Change in pain in old age. Use of placebos in pain treatment]. PMID- 6558903 TI - [Change in pain in old age. Current pain research]. PMID- 6558904 TI - [Practical diabetes treatment]. PMID- 6558906 TI - [Confidence choice - key questions on key issues. Take a position or remain neutral?]. PMID- 6558905 TI - [Accompanying services with ambulance transport]. PMID- 6558907 TI - [Current guidelines: Norwegian Nurses' Association's viewpoint on the organization of somatic hospitals]. PMID- 6558908 TI - [The fight against narcotics. An evaluation of 3 types of information materials]. PMID- 6558909 TI - [Grief reactions and young widows. A short literature review]. PMID- 6558910 TI - [Continued education in oncologic nursing]. PMID- 6558912 TI - [Automobile driving compensation in health visiting]. PMID- 6558911 TI - [Infection prophylactic activities in the hospital. Role of the hygiene nurse]. PMID- 6558913 TI - [Confidence choice - key questions on key tasks. Active recruiting]. PMID- 6558914 TI - [Health occupation college in Nordland]. PMID- 6558917 TI - [From SSN (Scandinavian Nurses' Cooperation) meeting in Saltsjobaden: nursing ethics]. PMID- 6558915 TI - [Norwegian Nurses' Association's proposal on: organization of a somatic hospital]. PMID- 6558916 TI - [ICN's (International Council of Nurses) delegates' meeting: from care for the aged to human rights]. PMID- 6558918 TI - [Norwegian Nursing Assistants' Society's national meeting]. PMID- 6558919 TI - [Professional leadership in the danger zone]. PMID- 6558920 TI - [Florence Nightingale's lamp is lit in St. Hallvard's church. Interview by Finn Sidselrud]. PMID- 6558921 TI - [Are you susceptible to a positive infectious disease?]. PMID- 6558922 TI - [Hospital payments must be discussed]. PMID- 6558923 TI - [Health administration. Health administration's annual report 1982]. PMID- 6558924 TI - [Torture victims: we must rebuild feeling of human worth]. PMID- 6558925 TI - [Relief work in Lebanon: blue-eyed simply in order not to perish. Interview by Kirsten Sorrig]. PMID- 6558927 TI - [Job satisfaction is not necessarily a result of calling]. PMID- 6558926 TI - [Decentralization and identical circumstances in continued education]. PMID- 6558929 TI - [Continued education. Geography and economy impede continued education]. PMID- 6558928 TI - [There is no interest to do anything but close one's eyes]. PMID- 6558930 TI - [Nurse in Australia. Private hospital with admission privileges for 230 specialists]. PMID- 6558931 TI - [Integration between theory and practice]. PMID- 6558932 TI - [Nursing administration. Nursing load as goal for nursing activity level]. PMID- 6558933 TI - [Nurse in Australia. 2. Accepted in the background of the work one performs]. PMID- 6558934 TI - [From the health administration. Not simply a question about self-determination]. PMID- 6558935 TI - [An uneasy perspective for the health system]. PMID- 6558936 TI - [Nursing research. One objective measurement which answers by subjective understanding]. PMID- 6558937 TI - [Viewpoint: not a test for test's sake]. PMID- 6558938 TI - [Reductions: possibilities for alternative savings]. PMID- 6558939 TI - [Executive Board: overall negotiations on nurses' employment conditions]. PMID- 6558940 TI - [Nursing home field: jobs which could be advertised as vacant for nurses]. PMID- 6558941 TI - [Health care: material things enjoy a higher regard than children's well-being]. PMID- 6558942 TI - [Diabetes: children too are in need of foot therapy]. PMID- 6558943 TI - [Better nursing home - how?]. PMID- 6558944 TI - [Nursing. This is how we work in our department]. PMID- 6558945 TI - [Pain treatment. Patients active in participation with care]. PMID- 6558946 TI - [Freedom of speech is limited for hospital departments]. PMID- 6558947 TI - [Death and dying. Broadcasting on TV and radio about when death is near]. PMID- 6558948 TI - [Representatives' annual course. Representatives have received new knowledge and interchanged experience]. PMID- 6558949 TI - [Nursing home field. Independent and challenging nursing care in the nursing home]. PMID- 6558951 TI - [Savings politics only a means to reach other goals]. PMID- 6558950 TI - [Unacceptable development in nursing homes]. PMID- 6558952 TI - [For whom do nurses write - and who reads periodicals?]. PMID- 6558953 TI - [Nursing home field. Nursing home assistants - a force which disrupts frameworks?]. PMID- 6558954 TI - [Nursing development. Experience from teaching in nursing development]. PMID- 6558955 TI - [FTF (Joint Council for Civil Servants and Functionaries) conference. The public and private sector must enter into teamwork]. PMID- 6558956 TI - [FTF (Joint Council for Civil Servants and Functionaries) conference. Important that the private sector not go on the defensive]. PMID- 6558957 TI - [Productivity and task distribution in the health system. Challenge to nursing]. PMID- 6558958 TI - [Do the right ones come to the nursing college?]. PMID- 6558959 TI - [Health policy. Hospital's role in overall health strategy]. PMID- 6558960 TI - [Executive Board. Professional policy discussion when nurses should prepare themselves]. PMID- 6558961 TI - [A showdown with sacred cows]. PMID- 6558962 TI - [Open letter. Budgets mean decrease in service and employment]. PMID- 6558963 TI - [Nursing care. Whose need is it to insert an indwelling catheter?]. PMID- 6558964 TI - [Study trip. To Turkey to see and experience immigrants' country]. PMID- 6558965 TI - [Joint Council for Civil Servants and Functionaries' Conference: hospital system hit hardest by savings]. PMID- 6558966 TI - [Financial legislation. Government shoots at those who cannot change]. PMID- 6558967 TI - [Care for the aged. Nursing care plan for students based on self-care]. PMID- 6558968 TI - [Citizens need the same quality of nursing]. PMID- 6558969 TI - [Representative fired - leadership is tired of hearing her arguments]. PMID- 6558971 TI - [Psychology: self knowledge, a prerequisite in helping others]. PMID- 6558970 TI - [Viewpoint: let us be honest]. PMID- 6558972 TI - [Psychology: can we also give psychological first aid?]. PMID- 6558973 TI - [Continued education. Nursing colleges call for applications]. PMID- 6558974 TI - [Continued education: admission to nursing colleges]. PMID- 6558976 TI - [Viewpoint: decisions in which it is difficult to find a meaning]. PMID- 6558975 TI - [Nursing: great development in nursing care of premature infants]. PMID- 6558977 TI - [Commentary: no desire for nurses to hold out]. PMID- 6558979 TI - [Pension Fund for health visitors. Election of delegate to the Pension Fund's general assembly]. PMID- 6558978 TI - [Pension Fund for nurses: election of a delegate to the Pension Fund's general assembly]. PMID- 6558980 TI - [Nursing: manifold tasks in medical practice]. PMID- 6558981 TI - [Nursing: broad field of work in primary health services]. PMID- 6558982 TI - Problem solving: a guide for finding solutions. Pamphlet No. 1 of a series on nurse employment relations. PMID- 6558983 TI - Bf Fl and C22 gene frequencies in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) from three South African populations. AB - African (59), Coloured (140) and White (71) IDDM patients were allotyped for Bf and C2. In Africans and Coloureds, unlike Whites, no strong associations with Bf Fl and C22 were observed. PMID- 6558985 TI - Programming for success. PMID- 6558984 TI - Interaction of metals and carbon tetrachloride on lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity. AB - Rats were administered ferrous sulfate, cadmium chloride, or sodium vanadate alone and in combination with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) to determine if lipid peroxidation is associated with the toxicity of the three metals and to determine if there is an interaction between these metals and CCl4 in producing lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity. Expired ethane was used as an index of lipid peroxidation while serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and histopathology were used to assess liver damage. Lipid peroxidation did not appear to be associated with the hepatotoxicity of cadmium since no measurable increase in ethane production was observed when serum ALT concentrations were doubled relative to controls. Cadmium did not increase ethane when administered with CCl4 and the increase in ALT was additive. Iron and vanadate produced small significant increases in ethane production but no increase in ALT and only minor histopathologic changes, yet potentiated lipid peroxidation and liver damage when administered with CCl4. Thus, Cd did not produce lipid peroxidation and did not potentiate the lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity of CCl4, while iron or vanadate which produced lipid peroxidation alone potentiated the lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity of CCl4. PMID- 6558986 TI - AIDS: a killer confined. PMID- 6558987 TI - Taking the chill out of surgery. PMID- 6558988 TI - From the mouth of babes. PMID- 6558989 TI - Strategy for change in the OR. PMID- 6558990 TI - Benign but fatal. Acoustic neuroma. PMID- 6558991 TI - Nursing diagnosis: what is it and why does it exist? PMID- 6558992 TI - Nursing diagnosis: an evolutionary view. PMID- 6558993 TI - Nursing diagnosis: a component of nursing process and decision making. PMID- 6558994 TI - Nursing diagnosis: issues in clinical practice research. PMID- 6558995 TI - Nursing diagnosis: its relationship to and use in nursing education. PMID- 6558996 TI - Nursing diagnosis: its application in the acute-care setting. PMID- 6558997 TI - Nursing diagnosis: its application in an ambulatory-care setting. PMID- 6558998 TI - Nursing diagnosis: common problems in implementation. PMID- 6558999 TI - Nursing diagnosis: its use in quality assurance. PMID- 6559000 TI - Nursing diagnosis: a futuristic process for nursing practice. PMID- 6559001 TI - [Ambiguous polyuridylic acid translation by transport RNA from various eukaryotic substances]. AB - Various eucaryotic tRNAs were compared from the standpoint of their ability to misread poly-U in the tRNA-dependent cell-free system of wheat germs. The highest level of 14C-leucine incorporation into the product of translation is observed for tRNA from differentiated (lactating) mammary gland under conditions of the increased Mg2+ concentration. Possible reasons may be connected with different tRNALeu/tRNAPhe ratios in these tissues and with the appearance of specific isoacceptory tRNA4Leu in the total set of tRNA from the lactating gland. PMID- 6559002 TI - [Code correspondence of tRNK Leu 1-6 in the mammary gland of cows]. AB - Preparations of ribosome subunits from the rabbit liver are completely free from the endogenic mRNA admixture and high-active in a system of codon-dependent binding of tRNA. Leucine codons of uridyl-uridyl-adenine (UUA) and uridyl-uridyl guanine (UUG) are synthesized by the triester method. The correspondence of six leucine isoacceptor tRNA from mammary gland of cows to cytidyl-uridyl-uridine (CUU), UUA and UUG codons is studied. The code response of tRNA is compared with their ability to erroneously translate polyuridylic acid. PMID- 6559003 TI - Sex differences in health and use of medical care: United States, 1979. PMID- 6559005 TI - An Bord Altranais. PMID- 6559004 TI - [The value of targeted antibiotic therapy based on the example of streptococcal infections with special reference to late side effects]. PMID- 6559006 TI - [Birgitta has invented a simple small device which protects against hepatitis. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6559007 TI - [Swedish people will put their hopes on health care]. PMID- 6559008 TI - [Picture postcard]. PMID- 6559009 TI - [Nurse watches over Malmo's children's health. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6559010 TI - [Certification committee gives long-awaited information on titles. Registered nurse]. PMID- 6559011 TI - [Portrait: Joakim Santesson. Interview by Viveka Holmerz]. PMID- 6559012 TI - [SHSTF for a more restrictive alcohol policy]. PMID- 6559013 TI - [Elvi is happy about resolution on flexible retirement age]. PMID- 6559014 TI - [SHSTF gets its first international guidelines]. PMID- 6559015 TI - [Friday evening in town. School nurses among gang members and teenagers]. PMID- 6559016 TI - [SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health care and Nursing Employees) supports refusal by nurses. We don't want to participate in electroshock treatment. Interview by Erling Forsman]. PMID- 6559017 TI - [Tea gets Gold Medal for her work among Stockholm's homeless aged. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6559018 TI - [Students behind information on professional titles. At last - now we don't need to feel concerned]. PMID- 6559019 TI - [Lena Hermansson wants to stop proposal by Sex Crime committee. Incest prohibition should be forbidding object. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6559020 TI - [Comparative analysis of the effect of the treatment with vegetotropic and hormonal complexes on biochemical indicators in patients with eczema]. PMID- 6559021 TI - The changed activity of the serum kallikrein-kinin system after ligation of the superior mesenteric artery in rats. AB - The aim of the experiments was to study the effect of ligation of the superior mesenteric artery on the activity of the kinin-kallikrein system in the plasma and on arterial blood pressure. Ligation of 60 minutes did not change the free kallikrein activity of the plasma, while prekallikrein activity significantly decreased. Blood pressure showed a tendency to increase but not to a significant degree. Five minutes after the release of the ligation (during the period when the functional parameters of the intestinal mucosa returned to normal) free kallikrein activity increased and the arterial blood pressure decreased significantly. A rinse of the intestine with 5 p.c. glucose solution prior to the release of ligation prevents the increase in free kallikrein activity and the fall of blood pressure. The substances absorbed from the bowel lumen and activating the kinin system are probably responsible for the circulation failure following the ligation of the superior mesenteric artery. PMID- 6559022 TI - And they did not know that they did not know. PMID- 6559023 TI - Teaching injection technique: an experimental study of instructional methods. PMID- 6559024 TI - Life doesn't have to be a pain or incorporating stress management into your lifestyle. PMID- 6559025 TI - Hemophilus aphrophilus osteomyelitis. AB - Hemophilus aphrophilus is a slow-growing, aerobic (capnophilic), gram-negative bacillus. H. aphrophilus was the cause of hematogenous vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient who had a lip laceration. This was successfully treated with parenteral penicillin. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 14 antimicrobial agents are presented. PMID- 6559026 TI - Nursing education. Credit where credit is due. PMID- 6559027 TI - The nouveau boards. PMID- 6559028 TI - Dilemmas in practice. Keeping the secret. PMID- 6559029 TI - Insulin pumps. The patients' verdict. PMID- 6559030 TI - Living with a facial prosthesis. A guide to patient care. PMID- 6559031 TI - Protecting your job. PMID- 6559033 TI - The trouble with male nursing. PMID- 6559032 TI - Herpetic whitlow. PMID- 6559034 TI - When the liver fails. PMID- 6559035 TI - Taking the tension out of pelvic exams. PMID- 6559037 TI - Retirement income issues for women and registered nurses. PMID- 6559036 TI - Inhibition of vasopressin action by vanadate in the cortical collecting tubule. AB - The effect of vanadate, a potent inhibitor of Na-K-ATPase, on the hydroosmotic response to vasopressin (AVP) and transepithelial voltage (Vt) in cortical collecting tubules was examined. At 37 degrees C, exposure of collecting tubules to bath vanadate (10(-4) M) for 30 min inhibited the increase in hydraulic water permeability (Lp) in response to AVP or 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate by 68 and 76%, respectively. When vanadate was present only in the lumen no inhibition of the AVP response was observed. Incubation of tubules with ouabain (10(-5) M) for 30 min inhibited the AVP-induced increase in Lp to the same extent as vanadate. At 25 degrees C, vanadate inhibited the increase in Lp by AVP if added before but not after the hormone. Addition of vanadate to the bath caused a rapid decrease in the lumen-negative Vt that is consistent with Na-K-ATPase inhibition. Luminal vanadate also inhibited Vt but the rate of decrease of Vt was much slower than in the presence of bath vanadate. We conclude that vanadate inhibits the development but not the maintenance of the AVP-induced increase in water permeability in the collecting tubule. Since the effect of ouabain was similar to that of vanadate, the results suggest that inhibition of Na-K-ATPase directly or indirectly interferes with the initiation of the AVP-induced increase in luminal membrane water permeability at a site distal to cAMP formation. PMID- 6559038 TI - Facts about nursing 82-83. PMID- 6559040 TI - Peer review in nursing practice. PMID- 6559039 TI - New investigator federal sector grantsmanship project. Final report. PMID- 6559041 TI - The use of amphotericin B to detect inhibitors of cellular cholesterol biosynthesis. AB - Pores formed in the membranes of animal cells by complexes of sterols and the polyene antibiotic amphotericin B can efficiently kill the cells. Thus, in the absence of exogenous sources of cholesterol, inhibitors of enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway render cells resistant to amphotericin B. Preincubation of Chinese hamster ovary cells with compactin or 25 hydroxycholesterol, inhibitors of the synthesis of the key intermediate mevalonate, protected cells from amphotericin B killing and this protection was reversed by the addition of exogenous mevalonate. The ability of compactin to confer amphotericin B resistance on normal cells was abolished when cells were provided exogenous cholesterol by the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low density lipoprotein. Low density lipoprotein receptor-defective Chinese hamster ovary cells were not subject to this low density lipoprotein-dependent amphotericin B killing. Exogenous mevalonate did not prevent 4,4,10 beta trimethyl-trans-decal-3 beta-ol, an inhibitor of mevalonate conversion to sterols, from protecting cells from amphotericin B. A simple two-step protocol in which cells are preincubated (15-24 h) with potential inhibitors and then treated (3-6 h) with amphotericin B was devised to provide a sensitive method for detecting direct (e.g., competitive) and regulatory inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis. This protocol may prove useful in detecting potential antihypercholesterolemia drugs and is currently being used to isolate mutants in receptor-mediated endocytosis. PMID- 6559042 TI - Meeting explores new focus, new knowledge for practice. PMID- 6559043 TI - Court overturns ruling restricting NPs practice. PMID- 6559044 TI - Hospital RNs can turn to nurse counselor. PMID- 6559045 TI - Statement moves us to focus on what nurses fix. PMID- 6559046 TI - As I see it... Car pooling helps nurses share the load. PMID- 6559047 TI - Ethics are important in allocating health resources. PMID- 6559048 TI - [Substances contained in the coelomic fluid of Lumbricus terristris having functions in common with those of some human complement components]. AB - In the present work, it was demonstrated for the first time that the coelomic fluid of Lumbricus terrestris contained a substance recognized by human classical convertase. This substance permitted an immune, complement-dependent agglutination response of sheep erythrocytes carrying C3-convertase (EAC142). In addition, substances secreted by coelomic leukocytes possessed an inhibitory activity against human complement: the component C3 was cleaved into a C3b fragment. This result suggests the presence of a system the function of which is C3-convertase-like. We have thus shown that some complement functions, with their natural inhibitors, appear early in evolution. Certain of these functions and structures might be preserved throughout evolution. PMID- 6559049 TI - Partial deficiency of the fourth component of human complement (C4) and autoantibody directed against C4 in a patient with SLE. AB - The finding of dramatically depressed levels of C4 in a 17-year old patient with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) prompted a genetic study of her family. This study revealed the existence of a partial C4 deficiency; we found the presence of a C4A3,C4BQo haplotype which was transmitted by the mother to each of her children. This patient possessed, in her serum, an autoantibody with anti-C4 specificity. The immunochemical characterization of this autoantibody revealed that it was IgM and belonged to the immunoconglutinin family. We have studied the effects of this autoantibody on the formation and dissociation kinetics of classical C3-convertase. PMID- 6559050 TI - [Comparative studies on properdin factor B (Bf) polymorphism in random samples from Brazil, Germany and Guinea-Bissau]. AB - Three different population samples have been tested for properdin factor B markers: 395 individuals from Schleswig-Holstein (Germany), 343 individuals (Europids) from Southern Brazil, and 309 individuals (Negroids) from Guinea Bissau (Western Africa). These samples are showing marked differences in the distribution of Bf gene frequencies. As for the sample from Southern Brazil the Bf data are confirming the assumption that the Caucasoid population in Southern Brazil is somewhat mixed with Negroids. PMID- 6559051 TI - [Effect of the cell wall permeability of Klebsiella spp. on beta-lactam antibiotic resistance]. AB - Relationship between the resistance of Klebsiella spp. to beta-lactam antibiotics and the capacity of ampicillin and cephaloridin for penetration through the cell wall of this organism was studied. It was shown that Klebsiella sp. 182 and 600 were more sensitive to cephaloridin and more resistant to ampicillin than Klebsiella sp. D 535. Estimation of the cryptic index showed that the resistance of Klebsiella sp. 182 and 600 was mainly connected with permeability of their cell walls. In Klebsiella sp. D 535 ampicillin freely penetrated through the cell wall. In the strains tested, the levels of the resistance to oxacillin, benzylpenicillin and dicloxacillin correlated with the values of the cryptic index characterizing barrier function of the cell wall. PMID- 6559053 TI - Caring and sharing: spectrums of practice. PMID- 6559052 TI - Resistance to penicillin-streptomycin synergy among clinical isolates of viridans streptococci. AB - Viridans streptococci are thought to be highly susceptible to penicillin and streptomycin. We recently encountered a unique group of 15 isolates from South Africa epidemiologically related to the isolation of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. These organisms were highly resistant to penicillin (PCN) (minimal inhibitory concentration, 1 to 32 micrograms/ml) and streptomycin (SM) (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than or equal to 2,000 micrograms/ml). Two additional organisms with high-level streptomycin resistance were identified when 168 clinical isolates from Boston were screened. Time-kill studies with four organisms resistant to high levels of SM demonstrated lack of synergy between PCN and SM but marked synergy between PCN and gentamicin. Adenylylating, acetylating, and phosphorylating activity could not be detected in three organisms studied, and novobiocin failed to cure the SM resistance. Protein synthesis by ribosomes isolated from these organisms was dramatically reduced in the presence of gentamicin but was relatively resistant to inhibition by SM. PMID- 6559054 TI - Ambulatory surgery. Hospital-affiliated or freestanding units: which are best? PMID- 6559055 TI - When we touch life's raw edge. PMID- 6559056 TI - Have we isolated our OR educator? PMID- 6559057 TI - Hyperthermic perfusion for melanoma. PMID- 6559058 TI - Intraoperative ultrasound. PMID- 6559059 TI - High frequency ventilation applications in the OR. AB - High frequency ventilation provides effective gas exchange at frequencies between 60 and 2,400 min-1. It can be potentially useful in the operating room for bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, airway surgery, general surgery, and microscopic neurosurgery. PMID- 6559060 TI - Piperacillin in early neonatal infection. AB - Seventy infants with suspected bacterial infection in the first 48 hours of life were treated either with piperacillin and flucloxacillin or with penicillin and gentamicin. Infection was confirmed and successfully eradicated in 6 of the 35 infants receiving piperacillin and flucloxacillin. Four infants treated with penicillin and gentamicin had confirmed infection and one deteriorated initially but then recovered when treated with piperacillin. Serum piperacillin concentrations above 100 mg/l and cerebrospinal fluid piperacillin concentrations of 2.6-6 mg/l were noted for up to four hours and 7 hours respectively, even in the absence of inflamed meninges, after administration of piperacillin 100 mg/kg body weight intravenously. Median half life of piperacillin was 6.5 hours and was prolonged in renal impairment. Piperacillin is considered to be a safe and effective first line single agent treatment for early neonatal infection but because some Escherichia coli are resistant to it we recommend that a second agent be used in critically ill infants with neutropenia or meningitis. PMID- 6559062 TI - Dietary management of chronic renal disease. PMID- 6559063 TI - The nurse and the law. Finding homes for problems. PMID- 6559064 TI - Drugs in current use. Etretinate. PMID- 6559061 TI - HLA-linked complement polymorphisms (C2, BF) in psoriasis. AB - Starting from the known association between psoriasis and several HLA antigens and from the fact that the HLA chromosomal region contains the structural genes for at least three complement components, the authors have looked for an association between psoriasis and allotypes of C2 and BF. C2 and BF polymorphism were examined in 230 psoriatic patients. Two rare complement genes were found to be significantly increased when compared with controls: the frequency of the C2*2 gene was 0.061 among patients and 0.035 among controls (P less than 0.05); for BF*SO7, the frequencies were 0.0304 in patients and 0.0092 in controls (P less than 0.0005). The BF*F gene frequency, however, was significantly decreased among patients: 0.1196 vs. 0.1743 (P less than 0.01). The relative risks were 1.79 for the C2 2, 3.44 for the BF SO7, and 0.6 for the BF F gene product. From previous studies, it is known that these three complement alleles (C2*2, BF*SO7, BF*F) are in linkage disequilibrium with HLA alleles that have also been found increased or decreased, respectively, in psoriasis. PMID- 6559065 TI - Education. Contact nurses and the nursing process. PMID- 6559066 TI - Education. Maximising opportunities for learning in clinical practice. PMID- 6559067 TI - Is seeing, believing? PMID- 6559068 TI - Anthropological perspectives on nursing research. PMID- 6559069 TI - The questions most commonly asked about Medicare and their answers. PMID- 6559070 TI - In person. An occasional series of glimpses from nursing lives. PMID- 6559071 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse. Nutrition in pregnancy. PMID- 6559072 TI - The nurse and the law. Is there a nurse in the house? PMID- 6559073 TI - College and hospital-based basic nursing programs: a comparative evaluation. PMID- 6559074 TI - Nursing education and clinical practice: parallel tracks? PMID- 6559075 TI - Infertility--couples in crisis. PMID- 6559076 TI - Acculturation--a new dimension in nursing. PMID- 6559077 TI - The ultimate in barrier nursing. PMID- 6559078 TI - The Health Information Register - instant access to community health care programs. PMID- 6559079 TI - Inactivation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (ammonia) by elastase as a probe to investigate binding of the substrates. AB - Rat liver carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I is inactivated by elastase. Addition of ATP, Mg2+, K+ and N-acetyl-L-glutamate (the physiological allosteric activator) protects entirely, whereas acetylglutamate alone speeds inactivation. We have exploited these properties to investigate binding of these ligands. Acetylglutamate binds with low affinity (KD 0.25 mM) in the absence of other ligands, and with higher affinity (KD much less than 0.1 mM) when ATP, Mg2+ and K+ are present. The apparent KD for ATP in the presence of acetylglutamate is intermediate between the KD values for the two ATP binding sites present in the enzyme; thus, binding of ATP to both sites is involved in protecting the synthetase. The data also indicate binding of MgATP and Mg2+ in the absence of acetylglutamate. The results provide further evidence for conformational changes associated with allosteric activation of the enzyme. PMID- 6559081 TI - How to find your way out of the basement in a tertiary care setting. PMID- 6559080 TI - [The effect of dopaminergic stimulation and inhibition on the urinary excretion of aldosterone and kallikrein in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - The effect on the electrolyte balance of a dopaminergic agonist (bromocriptine) and an antagonist (metoclopramide) and their effect on renal aldosterone and kallikrein excretion were investigated. Ten normotensive Wistar rats and ten spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-Wistar Kioto) were treated with BCR (4 mg/Kg weight b.i.d.) for 4 days; after a week of pharmacological wash-out they received MCP (0,5 mg/Kg weight b.i.d.) for 4 days. Before and after treatment and at the 2nd and 4th day of each treatment diuresis, urinary excretion of aldosterone, kallikrein, sodium, potassium and proteins were measured. During the 24-hour urine collections the rats were kept in separate metabolic cages with free access to food and water. Kallikrein urinary excretion was lower in SHR than in normotensive rats under basal conditions (p 0.05); urinary sodium, potassium, proteins and sodium/potassium rate were also reduced in SHR. After treatment with bromocriptine a further reduction in urinary kallikrein excretion was observed in SHR. After MCP all the parameters were unchanged both in normotensive rats and in SHR, but SHR showed a significant correlation between aldosterone and kallikrein excretion (p less than 0,001); in this condition it seems that in SHR the control exerted by aldosterone on kallikrein excretion is greater than the one exerted by dopamine. It may indicate a defect of the natriuretic and vasodilator dopaminergic system in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6559082 TI - Treatment of anxiety disorders: a nursing program. PMID- 6559083 TI - Milieu therapy in a children's unit. PMID- 6559084 TI - When fears collide. PMID- 6559085 TI - What nurses should know about children with learning disabilities. PMID- 6559086 TI - A code to help resolve your ethical dilemmas. PMID- 6559087 TI - What makes a nursing department strong? PMID- 6559088 TI - Campaign to win. PMID- 6559090 TI - A closer look at how people cope with chronic airflow obstruction. PMID- 6559089 TI - An orthopedic unit streamlines its patient education procedures. PMID- 6559091 TI - Collaboration: a research strategy that works. PMID- 6559092 TI - A working model of support. PMID- 6559093 TI - National survey of aseptic tracheotomy care techniques in hospitals with head and neck/ENT surgical departments. PMID- 6559094 TI - Development of reliable and valid measures of nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6559095 TI - Therapeutic self-care demands expressed by outpatients receiving external radiation therapy. PMID- 6559096 TI - Weight loss in patients receiving recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFLrA): a brief report. PMID- 6559097 TI - Criminal prosecution for discontinuance of life support--Part IV. PMID- 6559098 TI - The clinical application of drug dosing schedules in cancer therapy--Part II. PMID- 6559099 TI - Standards of clinical nursing practice for leukemia: anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and fluid volume deficit. PMID- 6559100 TI - Programmed instruction: cancer care. Cancer prevention and detection: skin cancer. PMID- 6559101 TI - Purification of immunoprotective tumor antigens by preparative isotachophoresis. AB - Tumor-specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) were purified from 3 M KCl and butanol extracts of C3H/HeJ 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas by preparative isotachophoresis (pITP). Fractions from pITP which reacted with antisera to TSTA preparations in an enzyme-linked immunospecific assay were tested in vivo for induction of resistance to the growth of transplanted tumor cells. Isotachophoresis of crude 3 M KCl extracts yielded TSTA that was immunogenic at doses between 17 and 124 micrograms. Isotachophoresis of TSTA partially purified from crude 3 M KCl or butanol extracts by preparative isoelectric focusing (pIEF) of 3 M KCl and butanol extracts yielded TSTA that was immunogenic over a two-fold log dose range. As little as 10 ng purified TSTA reduced tumor growth by 50%. Tumor growth reduction was specific, and immunized animals survived longer than non-immunized controls. A purification of 10,000 fold over crude 3 M KCl extracts and 2,500-fold over crude butanol extracts was obtained. These results suggest that TSTA from murine tumor cells is preparatively purified by following extraction with pIEF and then pITP. PMID- 6559102 TI - Uptake of methotrexate linked to an anti-EL4-lymphoma antibody by EL4 cells. AB - To study the mechanism of tumor inhibition, the uptake of methotrexate (MTX) covalently linked to a rabbit IgG antibody against a tumor-associated antigen on the surface of mouse EL4 lymphoma cells (AELG) has been compared with the uptake of free MTX and of MTX covalently linked to normal rabbit IgG (NRG). When EL4 cells were incubated at 37 degrees C with 10 microM free MTX uptake leveled off after 30 min, at 30 pmol/mg protein. In contrast, uptake of both conjugates under these conditions continued throughout an observation period of 6 h. At 6 h the net uptake of MTX bound to AELG was 40 pmol/mg protein and that of MTX bound to NRG was 24 pmol/mg protein. These results show that both MTX-AELG and MTX-NRG conjugates are taken up by EL4 cells. The rate at which EL4 cells took up bound MTX was much slower than that of free MTX but, at 6 h, the net uptake of MTX-AELG exceeded that of the free drug. PMID- 6559103 TI - Eradication of tumor cells after injection into immunized hosts compared with the eradication of tumor cells after transfer of immune peritoneal exudates into tumor-bearing recipients. AB - DBA/2 mice were immunized against the syngeneic SL2 lymphoma by two or five injections with irradiated lymphoma cells given IP or SC, respectively. The antitumor efficacy induced in immunized mice was tested by (a) IP injection of the immunized mice with nonirradiated tumor cells and (b) transfer of the total 'immune' peritoneal exudate, the cellular fraction only, or the cell-free fraction only, IP into tumor-bearing recipients, or (c) tumor neutralization tests (Winn assay). It was shown that immunized mice were able to reject 5 X 10(7) SL2 tumor cells (8 of 14 mice survived greater than 100 days), while in most transfer experiments 2 X 10(5) SL2 cells could be eradicated. In the tumor neutralization experiments a number of 10(6) SL2 cells were eradicated. When the immune exudates were given before the inoculations of SL2 tumor cells the number of survivors increased significantly. Further, it was shown that the cellular fraction is the major contributor to the antitumor effect in the transfer experiments, since there was no significant difference in tumor eradication after injection of a complete immune exudate and after injection of the isolated cellular fraction. Injection of the noncellular fraction had no measurable antitumor effect. An increase in the number of injections with total peritoneal exudates from immunized mice did not result in an increase in tumor eradication in the tumor-bearing recipients. Extra stimulation (IP) of immunized mice with 10(4) nonirradiated cells 6 days after the last immunization resulted in an increase of the antitumor efficacy of these peritoneal exudates of these mice when collected 4-24 h after this stimulation. Extra stimulation with 10(6) irradiated cells had no measurable effect. PMID- 6559104 TI - Influence of human interferon-alpha therapy on cytotoxic functions of blood lymphocytes. Studies on lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and natural killer cell activity. AB - Various cytotoxic functions of blood lymphocytes were studied in 101 patients undergoing daily treatment with human interferon-alpha (IFN). Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and lectin-dependent cellular cytotoxicity were not altered to any major extent after 1 day or 1 week of IFN therapy. After 3 and 6 months of treatment a decrease in these functions was observed in most patients. Natural killer cell activity increased following the first injection of IFN and remained elevated during 1 year of IFN therapy. PMID- 6559106 TI - Mutations in Box B of the promoter of a eucaryotic tRNAPro gene affect rate of transcription, processing, and stability of the transcripts. AB - We have constructed a series of single and double base-pair-substitution mutants in and around the second component (Box B) of the promoter of a tRNAPro gene from C. elegans. Their analysis in in vivo and in vitro transcriptional systems establishes the importance of single nucleotides in the promotion of transcription. Most mutants in the region coding for the TpsiCG stem-loop show a reduced gene expression associated with lack of processing of the primary transcriptional products; in the oocytes these are rapidly degraded, with a half life considerably shorter than that of wild-type tRNA molecules. In contrast, mutations in the DNA region coding for the anticodon stem-loop do not alter the efficiency of transcription or the processing of the transcripts. PMID- 6559105 TI - Ricin A-chain conjugated with monoclonal anti-L1210 antibody. In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. AB - In studies of antitumor antibody-cytotoxic agent conjugates as potential antitumor agents with improved tumor specificity, the toxic subunit A-chain of ricin was conjugated with a monoclonal antibody to a tumor-associated antigen expressed weakly on murine leukemia L1210 cells and strongly on L1210/GZL cells, a guanazole-resistant subline of L1210, employing N-succinimidyl 3-(2 pyridyldithio)propionate as cross-linking agent. The conjugate (anti-L1210 conjugate) exhibited a potent concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against cultured L1210/GZL cells, and inhibited cell growth at concentrations over 0.8 micrograms/ml. The conjugate killed all L1210/GZL cells at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Neither nonimmune conjugate similarly prepared from mouse nonimmune IgG nor unconjugated anti-L1210 IgG alone showed cytotoxicity against L1210/GZL cells. When (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 mice inoculated with 1 X 10(5) L1210/GZL cells were treated with IP injections of 27 micrograms anti-L1210 conjugate 1 h and 5 days after tumor cell inoculation, a life-prolonging effect was observed. [Lifespan in treated animals as percentage of that in controls (T/C) = 146%]. However, when the dose per injection was increased to 50 micrograms per mouse, survival was the same as in the control group. Postmortem examination of mice that had been treated with 50 micrograms anti-L1210 conjugate revealed lesions with necrosis and hemorrhage in the liver parenchyma and the intestinal epithelium, respectively. A similar toxic effect on the host mice was also observed with nonimmune conjugate. PMID- 6559107 TI - Characterization of alternative pathway inhibition by a serum derived, low molecular weight complement inhibitor. AB - Normal human serum contains an inhibitor of complement which is distinguished by its small size of 500 daltons, the low molecular weight inhibitor (LMWI). When LMWI was present during incubation of zymosan or cobra venom factor with serum, formation of complement reactive complexes was blocked as measured by failure of these mixtures to lyse susceptible erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). Addition of LMWI to pre-formed complexes had no effect on their subsequent haemolytic activity. When dialysis was used to remove LMWI from reaction mixtures, it was shown that LMWI had not irreversibly altered any of the complement components. Purified components were used to demonstrate that LMWI prevented factor D activation of cobra venom factor-factor B complexes. LMWI also strongly inhibited binding of 125I-factor B to human erythrocytes bearing C3b and had little or nor effect on binding of 125I-factor H to the C3b bearing cells. Factor B binding to C3b was equally inhibited on normal and PNH erythrocytes. Thus, a dialysable fraction from normal human serum prevents activation of human complement by blocking formation, but not the activity of the C3/C5 convertase. These low molecular weight inhibitors result in inhibition of factor B binding to C3b and inhibition of factor D activation of C3bB complexes. PMID- 6559108 TI - Continuing education needs of faculty. PMID- 6559109 TI - Origins and development of adaptation. PMID- 6559110 TI - Phytoalexins and disease resistance mechanisms from a perspective of evolution and adaptation. AB - Plants respond to cellular injury and infection by accumulating low molecular weight antimicrobial stress metabolites called phytoalexins. The accumulation of phytoalexins, together with lignification, suberization, callose formation and the production of agglutinins and inhibitors of extracellular microbial hydrolases, appears to be part of a multi-component response mechanism associated with disease resistance and wound repair. Compared to the antibody-antigen response in animals, the phytoalexin response in plants has low specificity for induction and activity of the phytoalexins. Plants also contain preformed antimicrobial chemical and physical barriers to infection in their external tissues. The successful pathogen has evolved to cope with preformed inhibitors and barriers and either avoids eliciting the response mechanism, or suppresses the mechanism, or detoxifies its antimicrobial components. Annual plants can be systemically immunized against diseases caused by viruses, bacteria and fungi by limited infection with any one of the respective organisms. As with animals, disease resistance in plants depends on the rate and magnitude of response rather than on the ability to respond. The genetic information for disease resistance is found in all organisms, and disease resistance is the rule in nature. The interactions of plants with microorganisms in their environment are nature's example of diplomacy--compromise, adjustment to change and avoidance of deadly conflict. PMID- 6559111 TI - Insect-plant interactions: endocrine defences. AB - It is the inevitable consequence of evolution that competitive species living together in a restricted space must try to exclude each other. Plants and insects are prime examples of this eternal competition, and although neither of these is in danger of extinction, their mutual defensive strategies are of compelling interest to the human race. Plant defences based on the insecticidal activity of certain of their secondary chemicals are readily apparent. Only through research into the fundamentals of insect physiology and biochemistry are more subtle defensive mechanisms revealed, linked to the disruption of the insect endocrine system. A diverse number of chemical structures are found in plants, which interfere with hormone-mediated processes in insects. Examples include: mimics of the insect's juvenile hormones such as juvabione from the balsam fir and the juvocimenes from sweet basil, which lethally disrupt insect development, and the precocenes found in Ageratum species, which act as anti-juvenile hormonal agents. The latter appear to serve as 'suicide substrates', undergoing activation into cytotoxins when acted on by specialized enzymes resident in the insect endocrine gland (corpus allatum) that is responsible for juvenile hormone biosynthesis and secretion. Consideration of these plant defensive strategies, which have been reached through aeons of evolutionary experimentation, may assist the human race in its defences against its principal competitors for food, fibre and health. PMID- 6559112 TI - Insect--plant adaptations. AB - The adaptation of insects to plants probably commenced in the early Permian period, though most current associations will be more recent. A major burst of adaptation must have followed the rise of the Angiosperms in the Cretaceous period, though some particular associations are as recent as this century. Living plants form a large proportion of the potential food in most habitats, though insects have had to overcome certain general hurdles to live and feed on them. Insects affect the reproduction and survival of plants, and thus the diversity of plant secondary chemicals may have evolved as a response. Where an insect species has a significant effect on a plant species that is its only host, coevolution may be envisaged. A spectacular example is provided by Heliconius butterflies and passion flower vines, studied by L.E. Gilbert and others. But such cases may be likened to 'vortices in the evolutionary stream': most plant species are influenced by a range of phytophagous insects so that selection will be for general defences--a situation termed diffuse coevolution. Evidence is presented on recent host-plant shifts to illustrate both the restrictions and the flexibility in current insect-plant associations. PMID- 6559113 TI - Adaptation of insects to insecticides. AB - Insects have successfully adapted to most insecticides by becoming resistant to them. This adaptation, of recent origin, has evolved rapidly and independently in a large number of species and is of serious economic and medical importance. The origins of resistance are still obscure, but resistance is assumed to be pre adaptive, arising through recurrent mutation of existing alleles. However, in at least one well-researched case it probably originated by gene duplication. Resistance can be monofactorial or multifactorial. When several independent mechanisms confer resistance to the same group of insecticides the order in which these mechanisms are selected may reflect their effectiveness in protecting insects from the toxic effects of the different compounds. Our concept of resistance is changing as insects continue to adapt to the insecticide-containing environment. Criteria for defining resistance in both fundamental and practical terms are re-examined here in the light of recent work. PMID- 6559114 TI - Biochemical mechanisms of resistance to insecticides. AB - The principal biochemical mechanisms of resistance to insecticides involve either modified, less sensitive cholinesterase, esterase action, glutathione S transferase action or cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenation. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in cytochrome P-450 isozymes are under genetic control and both are related to resistance. Recent characterization studies involving ligand binding and multiplicity of isozymes in Musca domestica (the housefly) are discussed in relation to resistance. The recent demonstration that multiple isozymes of glutathione S-transferase exist in susceptible and resistant insects is of interest, and some re-examination of their role in the mechanism of resistance is required. Esterases are a heterogeneous group of enzymes whose role in resistance has often been suggested but seldom rigorously defined. Purification studies in the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, have involved an enzyme with carboxylesterase, phosphotriesterase and pyrethroid esterase activities. A similar enzyme, but without pyrethroid esterase activity, is also found in the housefly. In resistance such enzymes may serve either to catalyse hydrolysis or as binding proteins. It has been suggested, from time to time, that regulator genes, enzyme induction and gene magnification all play a part in controlling biochemical mechanisms of resistance, although clearly defined evidence has not always been brought forward. These hypotheses are re examined. PMID- 6559115 TI - Adaptation of fungi to fungitoxic compounds. AB - Some fungitoxic chemicals often fail to protect crops because the target fungi develop resistance. Depending on its mechanism of action, the fungicide may lose its effectiveness completely after a limited number of applications, it may show a gradually less satisfactory performance or it may retain its effectiveness unchanged despite extensive use. In all cases investigated, resistance to agricultural fungicides has been shown to result from mutations of chromosomal genes. Biochemical mechanisms of adaptation have been recognized mainly as alterations of the cellular component with which the fungicide interacts, as reduced uptake or increased efflux, and as decreased conversion into a more toxic compound. However, most studies on biochemical genetics have utilized laboratory mutants and it is not always certain that similar mechanisms are responsible for adaptation in nature. PMID- 6559116 TI - Adaptation of plants to mineral stress in problem soils. AB - Crop production depends on interactions among genetic potentials of plants and various stress factors in the environment. Mineral stresses in the form of toxicity or deficiency are not always economically correctable with current technology. But plant species, and genotypes within species, differ widely in tolerance to different mineral stresses, and some of these differences are known to be genetically controlled. Hence, a viable alternative or supplemental approach is to adapt plants more precisely to soils. Soil fertility programmes of the past have emphasized 'changing the soil to fit the plant'. As a result, many crop cultivars have been developed under nearly ideal conditions of pH and soil fertility and hence cannot tolerate the stresses encountered in marginal soils. There is, therefore, a great need for stress-tolerant plant genotypes for use in a 'minimum input' system of agriculture for problem soils. The merits of tailoring the plant to fit the soil have only recently been recognized, even by the scientific community. However, within the last decade multidisciplinary teams of scientists have been formed in several countries, and considerable progress is being made in selecting and breeding plants for greater nutrient efficiency and for tolerance to such factors as aluminium toxicity and salinity. In view of problems in world food and energy production and distribution, this approach should receive the highest priority. PMID- 6559117 TI - Evolutionary relationships among genes for antibiotic resistance. AB - The genes that determine resistance to antibiotics are commonly found encoded by extrachromosomal elements in bacteria. These were described first in Enterobacteriaceae and subsequently in a variety of other genera; their spread is associated with the increased use of antibiotics in human and animal medicine. Antibiotic-resistance genes that determine the production of enzymes which modify (detoxify) the antibiotics have been detected in antibiotic-producing organisms. It has been suggested that the producing strains provided the source of antibiotic-resistance genes that were then 'picked-up' by recombination. Recent studies of the nucleotide sequence of certain antibiotic-resistance genes indicate regions of strong homology in the encoded proteins. The implications of these similarities are discussed. PMID- 6559118 TI - Adaptation of plants to soils containing toxic metals--a test for conceit. AB - Darwin, and many biologists afterwards, have seen few, if any, limits to the processes of adaptation by evolutionary change. Perhaps we have been conceited. A study of heavy-metal tolerance, and other conditions to which evolutionary adaptation has occurred, should overwhelm us with evidence for limits to the evolutionary process and limits to the adaptation it achieves. These limits clearly arise from restrictions in the supply of genetic variability. Nearly all species are in a condition of genostasis, in which there is a lack of appropriate variability for further evolutionary change. It is the molecular biologist who, by understanding the architecture of genes, will ultimately be able to explain what failures and limitations in genetic architecture at the molecular level cause the limits to adaptation itself. PMID- 6559119 TI - Plant-plant interactions. AB - Higher plants show three types of biochemical adaptation which enable them to combat pathogenic organisms in the form of lower plants. Firstly they may synthesize antibacterial or antifungal compounds in concentrations that prevent the invasion of the higher plant by the bacteria or fungi. Secondly they may synthesize such compounds in less than adequate amounts for defence in healthy tissues but respond to invasion by increasing the synthesis; and, thirdly, they may respond to invasion by synthesizing antibacterial or antifungal compounds de novo. Higher plants also show biochemical adaptations that enable them to compete with individuals of the same or different higher plant species. These include the synthesis of volatile and water-soluble phytotoxins which suppress the germination, growth, or both, of competitors. PMID- 6559120 TI - Adaptation of plants to atmospheric pollutants. AB - Man-made air pollutants are a recent phenomenon in the evolutionary experience of plants and animals although natural air pollutants from volcanic eruptions, forest fires and dust storms have accompanied evolution for geological eras. Plants have responded to increasing concentrations of such pollutants as sulphur dioxide, fluorides, photochemical oxidants and acid rain at the community, species, population and individual levels. The lichens and bryophytes have shown particularly dramatic changes in urban and industrial areas. Many species have had their distribution severely limited. Tolerances to sulphur dioxide have evolved in populations of a number of grasses and herbs, and some sulphur dioxide tolerant lichens have invaded inner city areas. Sensitivity to pollutants is partly a function of substrate chemistry. Synergistic interactions occur between various pollutants and also between pollutants and pathogens. A good deal of genetic variation occurs within crops, and this allows for selection of pollution tolerant varieties. The nature of specific adaptations is not generally well known although, for sulphur dioxide, recent studies in poplar and spinach strongly suggest that increased production of the enzyme superoxide dismutase may be a key factor. In other adaptations, morphological and anatomical features play a part. PMID- 6559121 TI - Evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. AB - The first generation of species-selective phenoxy herbicides went into use at the same time as modern antibiotics, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and new fungicides and rodenticides. No resistance has appeared to the still widely used phenoxy herbicides. However, resistance has developed, in many isolated areas around the world, to s-triazine herbicides and, in a few small areas, to bipyridillium herbicides. The parameters of population genetics that govern herbicide resistance and those that govern resistance of microorganisms and fungi to other xenobiotics are the same: generations, selection pressure and fitness. Even though generation times are longer with plants, a sufficient number has passed for resistance to be apparent. The only special factor that controls the development of herbicide resistance in weeds is the spaced germination of seed throughout many seasons. The reason that resistance has not developed to the phenoxy herbicides is probably because of a low effective selection pressure; germination of susceptible seeds occurs late in the season after the herbicide is biodegraded. The highly persistent triazines, and the monthly used, highly ephemeral bipyridillium, paraquat, have exerted much stronger selection pressures. Different modes of tolerance and resistance seem to have evolved in the same species. Crop and herbicide rotation can considerably delay the possibility of resistance development until it is effectively precluded. PMID- 6559122 TI - Relative fitness and the stability of resistance. PMID- 6559123 TI - Influence of environmental conditions on exocrine pancreatic response to intravenous injection of ethanol or 2-deoxyglucose in the dog. AB - When dogs have free access to the outside, an intravenous injection of ethanol depresses secretin-stimulated exocrine pancreatic secretion by a vagally mediated mechanism. This was shown in two separate series of six and seven dogs each. When dogs were kept in air-conditioned windowless kennels, the response to a meal was unchanged but the response to ethanol was reversed to stimulation. In four dogs, ethanol 1 g/kg was given during a secretin infusion. Three months after changing from open to closed kennels the inhibition (-86% for protein output) was still present, but after 6 months ethanol produced a stimulation (+62%) of pancreatic secretion. This increase was abolished, but not reversed, by keeping the animals outside during the day for four weeks, whereas after three months there was a partial restoration of the inhibitory effect (-39%). In contrast, changing from an open to a closed kennel changed the initial response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2 DG), 100 mg/kg, from stimulation to inhibition. These results suggest that environmental conditions affect the cranial regulation of pancreatic secretion. PMID- 6559124 TI - Clinical NMR imaging of the brain and cord. AB - After a short explanation of the NMR imaging technique the normal appearances of the brain are described. Subsequently the paper deals with the NMR images of vascular disease, white matter disease, tumors of the brain and paediatric neurological disease. The conclusion is that NMR has advantages over CT of the brain in certain fields, but that exploration of its full potential has hardly yet begun. PMID- 6559125 TI - Clinical NMR imaging of the chest and mediastinum. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging, using the spin-echo and inversion recovery techniques, provides an excellent demonstration of normal intrathoracic anatomy, and has proven useful in the diagnosis of a number of chest diseases. Because of the absence of NMR signal from rapidly flowing blood, vascular lesions can be easily diagnosed without the use of contrast agents, and mediastinal and hilar masses can be easily distinguished from normal or abnormal vessels. On the basis of T1 values, mediastinal masses can be distinguished from normal mediastinal tissues, and using T1 and T2 values, fluid within masses can be detected. Although NMR appears to offer no great advantage relative to CT in the diagnosis of mediastinal mass, small hilar masses are much more easily distinguished from normal hilar structures using NMR. Another significant advantage of NMR is its ability to directly image in the sagittal and coronal planes with good spatial resolution. In some patients, this can be helpful in the assessment of mediastinal masses. NMR may prove helpful in the evaluation of blood flow, the noninvasive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and in the quantitation of lung water. PMID- 6559126 TI - ECG-triggered NMR imaging of the heart. AB - The relatively long scan time needed for an NMR image gives rise to motion artifacts when imaging the heart. These can be strongly reduced by synchronizing the imaging sequences to the ECG (cardiac gating). Using an adjustable delay between the ECG pulse and the trigger pulse for the repeated imaging sequence, detailed heart images can be made in any phase of the cardiac cycle. Images made at systole and diastole in different planes can be used for the accurate assessment of left ventricular volume and ejection fraction. NMR imaging can provide heart images in any slice orientation without the use of contrast medium or obstruction from bones. PMID- 6559127 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen. PMID- 6559128 TI - Fundamentals of NMR imaging. AB - NMR imaging is a new kind of emission tomography that utilizes the resonance frequency radiation emitted by atomic nuclei, in particular the hydrogen nuclei, present in the human body. This radiation is emitted when these nuclei are in a state of vibration under the influence of a static magnetic field and after excitation by an external RF radiation pulse. By introducing well-known field inhomogeneities the frequency of the emitted radiation can be made spatially dependent. Through spectroscopic analyses and mathematical procedures the spatial distribution of the emission intensity, the NMR image, can be reconstructed. Characteristic differences in concentration and resonance properties of the hydrogen nuclei result in strong contrasts in the image between the various tissues, as well as between lesions and normal tissue. Due to a choice of imaging techniques and time parameter settings the NMR image contrasts can be varied widely. Shifting or rotation of the image plane is performed electronically without changing the patient's position. Multiple parallel slices as well as a 3 dimensional volume can be imaged in one measuring procedure. PMID- 6559129 TI - Artifacts and hazards in NMR imaging due to metal implants and cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 6559130 TI - Engineering and operating approaches for controlling asbestos fibers in drinking water. AB - Techniques are available to minimize the concentration of asbestos fibers in drinking water. Filtration research conducted at locations on Lake Superior and in the Cascade Mountains in Washington has shown that amphibole and chrysotile fibers can be removed by granular media filtration. Removal percentages can exceed 99% when the raw water is coagulated properly and the filtered water turbidity is 0.10 ntu (nephelometric turbidity units) or lower. Filtered water fiber counts below detectable limits of 0.1 to 0.01 X 10(6) fibers/L can be attained. A study by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California showed that when raw water chrysotile counts ranged from 200 X 10(6) fibers/L to 2000 X 10(6) fibers/L, filtered water fiber counts frequently exceeded 1 X 10(6) fibers/L. Even so, striving to attain a filtered water turbidity of 0.1 ntu resulted in improved fiber removal. Pilot scale and distribution system research projects have shown that asbestos cement (AC) pipes can be protected from dissolution and leaching effects that can result in release of asbestos fibers into drinking water. Suggested techniques include modifying low pH, low alkalinity waters so they are not aggressive; coating the pipe wall with a chemical precipitate; and applying a cement mortar lining to the pipe wall. Operation and maintenance practices related to the distribution system, when AC water mains are in service, can influence the fiber count in tapwater. Main flushing can stir up sediment that accumulates in low-flow and dead-end areas, raising the fiber count. If mains are tapped and the cuttings are not flushed away through the tapping machine, but are instead permitted to fall into the water main, the fiber count can be raised. PMID- 6559131 TI - Epidemiology study of the use of asbestos-cement pipe for the distribution of drinking water in Escambia County, Florida. AB - Cancer mortality for the population census tracts of Escambia County, FL, which use asbestos-cement (AC) pipe for public potable water distribution, was compared with cancer mortality data collected from census tracts in the same county where other types of piping materials are used. An analysis of covariance was run to test for differences in standard mortality ratios for seven cancer sites among three potential asbestos exposure groups based on AC pipe usage. Twelve variables representing nonexposure-related influences on disease rates were combined in four independent factors and used as covariates in these analyses. No evidence for an association between the use of AC pipe for carrying drinking water and deaths due to gastrointestinal and related cancers was found. The limitations on the sensitivity of the analysis are discussed. PMID- 6559132 TI - Tertiary structure of animal tRNATrp in solution and interaction of tRNATrp with tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - Alkylation in beef tRNATrp of phosphodiester bonds by ethylnitrosourea and of N-7 in guanosines and N-3 in cytidines by dimethyl sulfate and carbethoxylation of N 7 in adenosines by diethyl pyrocarbonate were investigated under various conditions. This enabled us to probe the accessibility of tRNA functional groups and to investigate the structure of tRNATrp in solution as well as its interactions with tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. The phosphate reactivity towards ethylnitrosourea of unfolded tRNA was compared to that of native tRNA. The pattern of phosphate alkylation of tRNATrp is very similar to that found with other tRNAs studied before using the same approach with protected phosphates mainly located in the D and T psi arms. Base modification experiments showed a striking similarity in the reactivity of conserved bases known to be involved in secondary and tertiary interactions. Differences are found with yeast tRNAPhe since beef tRNATrp showed a more stable D stem and a less stable T psi stem. When alkylation by ethylnitrosourea was studied with the tRNATrp X tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase complex we found that phosphates located at the 5' side of the anticodon stem and in the anticodon loop were strongly protected against the reagent. The alkylation at the N-3 position of the two cytidines in the CCA anticodon was clearly diminished in the synthetase X tRNA complex as compared with the modification in free tRNATrp; in contrast the two cytidines of the terminal CCA in the acceptor stem are not protected by the synthetase. The involvement of the anticodon region of tRNATrp in the recognition process with tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase was confirmed in nuclease S1 mapping experiments. PMID- 6559133 TI - [Cesarean section in modern obstetrics]. PMID- 6559134 TI - [Multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6559135 TI - [Characteristics of diabetes mellitus in urologic pathology]. PMID- 6559136 TI - [Chronic colitis in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 6559137 TI - [Cardiovascular preparations in first aid and emergency care practice]. PMID- 6559138 TI - [Improved system of rendering medical care to the victims in traffic accidents]. PMID- 6559139 TI - [Expectorant agents]. PMID- 6559140 TI - [An epidemic generated by man (material for discussions)]. PMID- 6559142 TI - [Myocarditis. Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome]. PMID- 6559141 TI - [Management of pregnant women at high risk in a gynecological consultation clinic]. PMID- 6559143 TI - [Chronic adrenal insufficiency and pregnancy]. PMID- 6559144 TI - [Prevention of iron-deficiency anemia]. PMID- 6559145 TI - [Control of cockroaches]. PMID- 6559146 TI - [Influenza]. PMID- 6559147 TI - [Relation of steroid hormone receptors to axillary lymph node metastasis in breast carcinoma]. AB - In 337 patients with primary cancer of the breast, the oestrogen and progesterone receptor concentration was correlated to the metastasis of axillary lymph nodes taking into account the age of the patients and the size of the primary tumour. The frequency of axillary lymph node involvement increases significantly with size, although not quite steadily but rather stepwise within the T classification. Whereas the tumour diameter influences the receptor status only slightly, the age of the patients plays a major role in the oestrogen receptor concentration. In the age group up to 50 years the oestrogen receptor concentration is significantly lower than in the age group over 50 years. There is no comparable influence of age on progesterone receptor concentration. With all 337 breast cancers, no difference in axillary lymph node metastasis is found either between oestrogen receptor positive and oestrogen receptor negative cancers, or between progesterone receptor positive and progesterone receptor negative cancers. In the age group up to 50 years, if looked upon separately, the oestrogen receptor positive cancers do show significantly more often an axillary lymph node involvement, than do oestrogen receptor negative cancers. As this difference exists in the age group up to 50 years only, it is assumed that endogenous oestradiol favours the axillary spread in oestrogen receptor positive cancers. With oestrogen receptor negative cancers the axillary lymph node involvement increases from the younger to the older age group, explaining why in unselected series the oestrogen receptor negative cancers show a more unfavourable course. PMID- 6559149 TI - [Medical history of invasive cervical carcinoma. Symptoms and medical care in 87 cases]. AB - The history of 87 patients suffering from invasive cervical cancer was taken using a special pattern of questions at the time of the patient's clinical admittance. After a minimum of two years after therapy the course of the disease was evaluated in each case and compared to the history and the stage of the tumor. The symptoms "postcoital bleeding" and "metrorrhagia" were found in different frequency in a significant dependence of the stage of the tumor. 26 patients (30%) had undergone a gynecologic examination without suspicion of malignancy within two years before clinical admittance, 18 of them in combination with a routine "PAP-smear". 15 patients reported the last unsuspicious examination even within the last year before clinical admittance. In this group of patients the highest rates of pelvic lymph node involvement (33,3%) and of mortality from recurrence (26,7%) were found. This surprising fact can be seen as evidence for a second form of cervical cancer with rapid invasive growth which may apart from false negative cytologic results be responsible for apparent failures of preventive care. PMID- 6559148 TI - [Estrogen and progesterone receptors in malignant ovarian neoplasms]. AB - Estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were evaluated in 173 primary ovarian cancers and in 6 ovarian metastases. In epithelial ovarian carcinomas 63% had ER and 46% PR. Almost all granulosa cell tumours were receptor positive, while sarcomas, dysgerminomas, and teratomas lacked ER and PR. Both receptors were found less often in tumours of the histological grade I than in those of grade II and III. During the development of metastases and during chemotherapy there was a loss of PR in 27% and 53% of the cases, respectively, while the amount of ER remained more or less constant. In addition to ovarian cancers ER and PR were present in carcinomas of the fallopian tube as well. ER negative and especially PR-negative tumours seemed to respond better to chemotherapy than receptor-positive carcinomas. The possible significance of ER and PR with regard to the success of an endocrine treatment is discussed. PMID- 6559150 TI - [Knowledge and well-being of patients before and after preoperative findings disclosed by gynecologic surgery (hysterectomy and plastic breast surgery)]. AB - Ten patients with gynecological problems were examined in the context of a preoperative discussion for informed consent. The Patients were tested before and following the discussion with questionnaires and partly standardized interviews regarding their condition and knowledge and the evaluation of the information style of the physician. The informative discussions were taped and evaluated for duration and informative content. The patients usually were able to quote important informations regarding the planned hysterectomies or cosmetic breasts operations. The patients were best informed about risks and least about the post operative treatment and healing. The informative discussion showed a function of conveying information. The patients retained many of the informations given to them by the physicians. The operation and the risks were best covered. In addition, the informative discussion reduced anxiety. The anxiety and tenseness of the patients was obviously less following the discussion. The positive condition of the patient showed a correlation to the style of information displayed by the physician. It became obvious that less anxious patients absorbed information easier than anxious patients who profited less from the informative discussion. Redundant informations appear to be of significance. New informations were considered to be stressful by the patients although the transmission of information was important for the patients and all patients desired complete information. In our opinion, the results allow the conclusion that the pre operative informative discussion has important functions to relieve anxiety by cognitive orientation about the planned procedure as long as the pre-operative discussion is part of continual transmission of information. PMID- 6559151 TI - [Surgery or radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma stage IIb]. AB - 134 cases of cervical cancer of the clinical stage IIb were examined with regard to the five-year survival rate. The report covers the time from 1964 to 1976. The patients had either been operated on primarily or had primarily undergone irradiation treatment. The five-year survival rates for the first group amount to 57.69% (n = 78), for the second group to 42.86% (n = 56). This difference is not significant under the restriction of limited comparability because of the different age of the patients. 65.38% (abs.: 51 from 78) of the operated cases turned out to be clinically overestimated cases of cervical cancer of the histological stages Ib, Ic and IIa. 27 cases belonged to the clinical and histological stage IIb and for this group of patients the five-year survival rate was 29.62% only. This and a number of other factors--the narrowing of the site of the operation with the growing danger for the ureter, increasingly affected lymphatic nodes--would justify restraint concerning surgical treatment of stage IIb. PMID- 6559152 TI - [Case report on the administration of diuretics during pregnancy]. AB - Diuretics potentiate existing hypovolaemia and hamoconcentration in patients suffering from toxemia of pregnancy. This effect also applies to the fetus. A case is presented of an intrauterine spontaneous thrombosis in the inferior vena cava and its tributaries in a fetus with resulting perinatal death during long term diuretic therapy because of edema in the mother in the third trimester. Basing on this example, the present state of assessment and necessity of treatment of the symptom "edema" in late pregnancy is discussed, with the conclusion that administration of diuretics, if it becomes necessary in a life threatening state of the pregnant mother (pulmonary edema or oliguria in pre eclampsia or eclampsia) is indicated only with monitoring of the hematocrit and central venous pressure. PMID- 6559153 TI - [Results of sling surgery using Tutoplast dura]. AB - From 1976-1979 127 patients were treated with a tutoplast dura sling operation. Either an open or a closed sling was used. Between one and four and one half years later 117 patients were re-examined and 65 patients had urodynamic tests. The late results of tutoplast dura sling operations are good and compare favorably to the upper data indicated in the literature. The best results are obtained in cases of prolapse. The closed sling has higher success rates but also higher complication rates than the open sling. Primary operations have better results than operations for recurrence. A severe stress incontinence should be subjected to specific primary treatment. PMID- 6559154 TI - [Injury of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh. A rare complication following gynecologic surgery]. AB - Femoral nerve impairment subsequent to gynaecological operations is well known. Injury to the N. cutaneous femoris lateralis has not yet been reported either in gynaecological or neurological literature. --At the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School Hannover, 8 cases of neuropathy of this nerve have been observed from 1973 to 1982. They occurred after vaginal as well as after abdominal operations. The cause of the injury may be a short, but extreme hyperextension of the leg while bringing the patient into lithotomy position. During abdominal operations continuous pressure of a self retaining retractor may lead to the damage. --A similar case however, where the causes mentioned above were absent, revealed that other possibilities must also be considered. PMID- 6559155 TI - [When to perform a cesarean section in breech presentation]. AB - A German court (Oberlandesgericht Hamm, 4. 11. 1981) has ruled that a gynaecologist cannot be accused of having committed an error in treatment if he does not recommend Caesarean section in a multipara and breech presentation if the birth proceeds in all other respects in a normal manner and if there is no disproportion between the child and the maternal pelvis. Vaginal birth in case of breech presentation in a women who has been pregnant six times and has given birth to three children, is in accordance with good medical practice. It was also ruled that the obstetrician cannot be considered at fault if he has not fully recognized the pathological changes (especially paralysis of the plexus) in the child and if he has not initiated the requisite measures in time. It is stated that control of the foetal heart sounds and of breathing are matters of major importance to the gynaecologist. As a matter of fact, in this case the changes became evident two or three days later only. PMID- 6559156 TI - [Possibilities of the drug modification of the urethra and urinary bladder]. AB - After description of the conditions of innervation and function of the urethra and the urinary bladder, the various possibilities of influencing physiological and pathological functions of these organs by drugs are discussed. PMID- 6559157 TI - What older adults expect from the nurse. PMID- 6559158 TI - A tribute to Lady Joanna. PMID- 6559159 TI - The voiding record, an aid to decreasing incontinence. PMID- 6559160 TI - Tips to trigger memory. PMID- 6559161 TI - Homemakers: the core of home health care. PMID- 6559162 TI - Child day care livens a nursing home. PMID- 6559163 TI - How elders view learning. PMID- 6559164 TI - The meaning of holidays in a nursing home. PMID- 6559165 TI - Common concern. Geriatric nurse practitioners: how are they doing? PMID- 6559166 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Addicted or physically dependent? PMID- 6559167 TI - Nutrition. Can what you eat cause cancer? PMID- 6559168 TI - [Services 60 the sick: yesterday and today]. PMID- 6559169 TI - [The Far North: adventure, challenge]. PMID- 6559170 TI - [Preventive aspects of alcoholism. Interview by Diane Lafrance]. PMID- 6559171 TI - [Nursing in New-Quebec...if the lifestyle interests you]. PMID- 6559172 TI - [Point blank: It can all be resolved when people want to!]. PMID- 6559174 TI - [Gone for a year...18 years ago]. PMID- 6559173 TI - [Development of health services in Quebec]. PMID- 6559175 TI - [Will you come up North?]. PMID- 6559176 TI - [The legal aspects of nursing care in everyday practice]. PMID- 6559177 TI - [Anxiety suffered by new parents]. PMID- 6559178 TI - [An integrated community approach to prenatal education]. PMID- 6559179 TI - [The adolescent's adaptation to cardiac surgery of a parent]. PMID- 6559180 TI - ["Come a little closer!". A different experiment in education]. PMID- 6559181 TI - [Computerized axial tomography of the brain]. PMID- 6559182 TI - [Exploring the concept of creativity]. PMID- 6559183 TI - [Legal aspects of nursing care in daily practice]. PMID- 6559184 TI - [A code of ethics to help you]. PMID- 6559185 TI - Radiation exposure of nurses in a coronary care unit. AB - In response to increasing awareness of radiation as a possible occupational hazard, nursing personnel staffing a hospital CCU were monitored over a 3-year period to determine occupational exposure. Portable x-ray machines, fluoroscopic units, and patients injected with radiopharmaceuticals were all potential radiation sources on such a unit. Whole-body TLD badges, exchanged monthly, indicated no cumulative exposures over 80 mR during the entire study period. The minimal exposures reported do not justify regular use of dosimeters. Adherence to standard protective measures precludes most exposure to machine-produced radiation. Close, prolonged contact with a patient after an RVG study that utilizes 99mTc may account for some exposure. The data indicate that radiation is not a significant occupational hazard for CCU nurses at this hospital; similar minimal exposures would be expected of other nonoccupationally exposed nursing personnel in like environments. PMID- 6559186 TI - The behavioral effects of noise on man: the patient with "intensive care unit psychosis". AB - Alterations in the behavior of a critically ill patient, commonly referred to as ICU psychosis, may result from the physiological stresses incurred by these patients compounded by disruptions from environmental noises. Research has demonstrated that noise levels can greatly affect sleep stage progression as well as the frequency of awakenings in normal subjects during brief testing sessions. Furthermore, the ability to solve problems and tolerate frustration decreases when persons are exposed to noise. Clinical research studies have reported the excessive noise levels in everyday ICU equipment and procedures, such as hypothermia blankets, ventilators, and intermittent positive pressure breathing. Yet when patients were polled about the most disturbing noises, staff conversations and personnel activity were ranked among the highest. In addition, a direct relationship between level of noise and the amount of pain medication administered to patients was reported. Recommendations for the elimination of most noise within an ICU were personnel related. Being more cognizant of conversational topics and noise levels could greatly reduce the patient's level of irritability and feelings of impersonalization. Specific issues regarding current practice, staff behavior, and structural design were addressed. Thus familiarity with behavioral and clinical research regarding noise and its effect on man's behavior can serve as a guideline to the improvement of the quality of care that the critically ill patient receives. PMID- 6559187 TI - Exercise and coronary heart disease: role in primary prevention. AB - Physical fitness programs for healthy people have gained popularity throughout the world. Available scientific studies, none of which is ideal, suggest that those engaged in vigorous activity at work or in leisure hours have a reduced risk of coronary events. The possible mechanisms for this have been reviewed. A balanced exercise program (including endurance, flexibility, and strength activities) should be prescribed on an individual basis, after appropriate baseline testing. Target heart rates should be assigned. Risks and precautions should be discussed. PMID- 6559188 TI - An approach to the care of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Sophisticated nursing management is an integral part of treatment in GBS. Many difficulties are overcome if nurses have a sound basis of knowledge of the disease and can anticipate complications and explain the illness to patient and family. Most efforts are directed toward preventing the secondary medical complications of quadriparesis, bulbar paresis, and general disability. Plasma exchange is an important recent innovation in the therapy of GBS. PMID- 6559189 TI - Comprehensive nursing care of the patient with pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6559190 TI - The "holiday heart" syndrome. AB - The potential arrhythmogenic effects of alcohol have recently been studied electrophysiologically. These experiments have confirmed clinical observations that alcohol in modest doses has the potential of producing atrial or ventricular arrhythmias. Although many of the patients have underlying heart disease, there are reports of patients with no evident heart disease where acute alcohol injestion has caused arrhythmias. This sequence of events, i.e., cause and effect, has been referred to as the "holiday heart" syndrome. PMID- 6559192 TI - An interdisciplinary approach to cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 6559191 TI - Multiple concealed atrioventricular nodal captures during idionodal tachycardia. PMID- 6559193 TI - Antibiotic resistance amongst various types of Haemophilus species. AB - Antibiotic resistance of haemophili was studied as part of an epidemiological survey on the distribution of biotypes of Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae from various clinical isolates. Biotype II H. influenzae was the commonest biotype isolated but biotype III yielded the most frequent antibiotic resistance. Resistance to ampicillin (15.1%) was commonest, followed by sulphonamide, tetracycline, trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. Multi-resistant strains were found including one capsular type b (biotype III) strain. H. parainfluenzae biotype I was the commonest isolate but biotype II was most frequently resistant to antibiotics. The resistance pattern followed that of H. influenzae except for chloramphenicol to which resistance was commoner than for trimethoprim. PMID- 6559194 TI - Leucine pools in normal and dystrophic chicken skeletal muscle cells in culture. AB - The specific radioactivity of [3H]Leu in the extracellular, intracellular, and Leu-tRNA pools of normal (white leghorn) and dystrophic (line 307) embryonic chick breast muscle cultures was analyzed as a function of equilibration time and extracellular Leu concentration (0.05-5 mM). The primary results were the following 1) [3H]Leu equilibrated to a constant specific radioactivity in the intracellular and Leu-tRNA pools within 2 min after addition to both normal and dystrophic cultures. 2) After equilibration, the extracellular [3H] Leu specific radioactivity in dystrophic cell culture medium was lower than that of medium exposed to normal cells (especially at low Leu concentrations), probably because of increased release of unlabeled Leu from the dystrophic cells as a result of faster protein breakdown. Accordingly, the specific radioactivities in the intracellular and the Leu-tRNA pools were also lower in dystrophic cells. 3) At 5 mM extracellular Leu, the specific radioactivity in the Leu-tRNA pool was approximately 40% lower than the specific radioactivity in the intracellular pool in both normal and dystrophic cells. Thus, high concentrations of extracellular Leu cannot be used to "flood out" reutilization of unlabeled Leu (released by protein degradation) during protein synthesis. 4) At 5.0 mM extracellular Leu, the specific radioactivity of [3H]Leu in the intracellular pool was comparable to that in the extracellular pool in normal and dystrophic cells; however, the specific radioactivity of Leu-tRNA (i.e. the immediate precursor to protein synthesis) was only 55-65% of the extracellular specific radioactivity in normal and dystrophic cells. In conclusion, reutilization of Leu from protein degradation is higher in dystrophic muscle cell cultures than in normal muscle cell cultures, and accurate rates of protein synthesis in cell cultures can only be obtained if specific radioactivity of amino acid in tRNA is measured. PMID- 6559196 TI - Drug reduction works! PMID- 6559195 TI - Purification and characterization of three elongation factors, EF-1 alpha, EF-1 beta gamma, and EF-2, from wheat germ. AB - Three elongation factors, EF-1 alpha, EF-1 beta gamma and EF-2, have been isolated from wheat germ. EF-1 alpha and EF-2 are single polypeptides with molecular weights of approximately 52,000 and 102,000, respectively. The most highly purified preparations of EF-1 beta gamma contain four polypeptides with molecular weights of approximately 48,000, 46,000 and 36,000, 34,000. EF-1 alpha supports poly(U)-directed binding of Phe-tRNA to wheat germ ribosomes and catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP in the presence of ribosomes, poly(U), and Phe tRNA. EF-2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP in the presence of ribosomes alone and is ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin to the extent of 0.95 mol of ADP ribose/mol of EF-2. EF-1 beta gamma decreases the amount of EF-1 alpha required for polyphenylalanine synthesis about 20-fold. EF-1 beta gamma enhances the ability to EF-1 alpha to support the binding of Phe-tRNA to the ribosomes and enhances the GTPase activity of EF-1 alpha. Wheat germ EF-1 alpha, EF-1 beta gamma, and EF-2 support polyphenylalanine synthesis on rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes as well as on yeast ribosomes. PMID- 6559198 TI - Facets of dementia: catastrophic reactions. PMID- 6559197 TI - The touch of love. PMID- 6559199 TI - I am not like the others. PMID- 6559200 TI - Can you assess the total population? PMID- 6559201 TI - Characterization of the initial C3 convertase of the alternative pathway of human complement. AB - C3(H2O),Bb, the initial C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway, was demonstrated to be a metal-containing protein complex by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Demonstration of this labile enzyme became possible by increasing its half-life with nickel instead of magnesium ions used for enzyme formation. The enzyme was generated from C3, the internal thioester bond of which was hydrolyzed (C3(H2O)), and from 125I-Factor B and Factor D. The sedimentation coefficient of the enzyme complex was 10.7S. By using 63Ni for enzyme formation, the metal ion was detected in the enzyme complex after ultracentrifugation in the presence of 10 mM EDTA. The stoichiometry of the constituents in the C3(H2O),Bb(Ni) complex was 1:1:1. To verify that C3 is incorporated into the enzyme complex in the form of C3(H2O), the enzyme complex was adsorbed to anti Factor B-Sepharose and subjected to decay-dissociation. Examination of the subsequently eluted protein by SDS gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions demonstrated the presence of an intact C3 alpha-chain. This work provides further evidence that a C3 convertase can be generated from noncleaved C3 that is modified at the thioester site. With the use of a fluorometric assay, the activity (kcat/Km) and the half-life of the initial C3 convertase were determined and compared to those of C3b,Bb. PMID- 6559203 TI - Pain and the wiles of old age. PMID- 6559202 TI - Louisiana Poison Center just a phone call away. PMID- 6559204 TI - Promoting breastfeeding in Louisiana. PMID- 6559205 TI - Treatment of organic impotence. PMID- 6559206 TI - MHC Class III products: an electron microscopic study of the C3 convertases of human complement. AB - We have reported a transmission electron microscopic study of the two C3 convertases of human complement and their precursors. The corresponding proteins and complexes of the classical and alternative pathway appear very similar. Cofactors C3b and C4b are nearly indistinguishable and display a characteristic but highly irregular substructure. C2 and Factor B are globular with diameters of 85 +/- 8 A and 80 +/- 8 A and both consist of three discrete globular domains each approximately 40 A in diameter. Bb and C2a each contain two domains connected by a short linker segment. Both domains of Bb and one domain of C2a are 42 A in diameter (28 kd), while the second domain of C2 is 47 A in diameter (39 kd). Attachment of the enzymatic subunits to cofactors occurs through one domain only. PMID- 6559207 TI - Computer simulation of ribosome editing. AB - A stochastic model of protein synthesis was modified by including the process of dissociating peptidyl-tRNA from ribosomes. To simulate ribosome editing, the probability of dissociation was assumed to be high if the peptidyl-tRNA was erroneous; that is, if it resulted from transfer of a peptide to an aminoacyl tRNA that was inappropriate relative to the mRNA codon. The effects of amino acid starvation on protein synthesis were simulated both by increasing the probability of such erring at and by reducing the conditional probability of elongation at "hungry" codons, those whose correct amino acid was in short supply. These probabilities were varied systematically to simulate tryptophan limitation during synthesis of coat protein from bacteriophage MS2. Significant reduction, during starvation, in the synthesis of complete coat protein required large reductions in the probability of elongation at hungry codons but only small increases in the probability of erring. Enhanced dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA during starvation, followed rapidly by dissociation of ribosomes from mRNA, led to reductions in mean polysome size, a result that had been interpreted by others as due to some effect of starvation on the initiation of protein synthesis. Results from experiments by Goldman (1982) on the cell-free synthesis of MS2 coat protein during tryptophan starvation could be mimicked in detail by the computer simulations. A simple competition between correct and erroneous amino acids was sufficient to explain the tryptophan dependence of complete coat protein and internal peptide syntheses. Values for the Michaelis constants were derived from the computer simulations. PMID- 6559209 TI - The client, the situational crisis, the nurse. PMID- 6559208 TI - Trachoma: ophthalmic crisis of the Third World. PMID- 6559210 TI - Keratometry and refractometry in the IOL patient. PMID- 6559211 TI - Precautions in dilating pupils. PMID- 6559212 TI - From a technical point of view: visual fields. PMID- 6559213 TI - Spotlight on photography: so you're an ophthalmic photographer... PMID- 6559214 TI - [Purification of prokallikrein from the rat kidney and its activation by various proteolytic enzymes]. PMID- 6559215 TI - [Renal excretion of sodium and etiology of essential hypertension]. PMID- 6559216 TI - [Renal circulation, renal kallikrein-kinin system and renin-angiotensin system in juvenile borderline hypertension]. PMID- 6559217 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system in the regulation of renal function. PMID- 6559218 TI - [Renal prokallikrein and its activation]. PMID- 6559219 TI - [Localization of kallikrein-kinin system in the kidney, with special reference to the kidney tubules]. PMID- 6559220 TI - [Effects of continued sodium chloride loading on urinary kallikrein, aldosterone and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha]. PMID- 6559221 TI - Study of biological samples obtained from victims of MGM Grand Hotel fire. AB - Eighty blood samples and 17 respiratory-tract tissue samples containing fluid taken from victims of the MGM Grand Hotel fire were studied to assist in the determination of the cause of death. The blood and tissue-fluid samples were analyzed for carboxyhemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and total hemoglobin. Outgassing studies were done on the tissue samples using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, and heavy metal analysis on inhaled soot was done by x-ray fluorescence. The carboxyhemoglobin values obtained on the samples were significantly higher than those reported by Clark County. However, the percentage of the victims with a carboxyhemoglobin saturation level of 50% or less is higher than that found in the Maryland fire fatality study, suggesting that other toxic factors may have contributed to the lethal nature of the fire. PMID- 6559222 TI - Malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 6559223 TI - Professional accountability: where are we? PMID- 6559225 TI - Nursing and health care in India. PMID- 6559224 TI - Accountability: the cornerstone of ethical nursing practice. PMID- 6559226 TI - Hospice: the concept, the process, the practice. PMID- 6559227 TI - What is this disease called AIDS? PMID- 6559228 TI - Testimony on S-577. PMID- 6559229 TI - [Retropharyngeal abscess]. PMID- 6559230 TI - [Complications of periodontosis]. PMID- 6559231 TI - [Phytotherapy of the inflammatory-dystrophic form of periodontosis]. PMID- 6559232 TI - [Lupus erythematosus and pregnancy]. PMID- 6559233 TI - [Use of medicinal plants in skin diseases]. PMID- 6559234 TI - [Acute poisonings by plants]. PMID- 6559235 TI - [Emergency care in poisoning from arthropod venom]. PMID- 6559236 TI - [Congested optic disk]. PMID- 6559237 TI - [Emergency care in stings from hymenopteran insects]. PMID- 6559238 TI - [Detection of tuberculosis and other pulmonary pathology in a rural population]. PMID- 6559240 TI - [In a preliminary consultation office]. PMID- 6559241 TI - [Astigmatism]. PMID- 6559239 TI - [Treatment of chronic tonsillitis patients with a propolis-wax paste]. PMID- 6559242 TI - [Rendering emergency anesthesiological and resuscitation care to gynecological patients]. PMID- 6559243 TI - [Work of nurses' councils (a survey)]. PMID- 6559244 TI - [Exercises at home for the eyes]. PMID- 6559245 TI - [Fluorescence angiography of the eye]. PMID- 6559246 TI - [Glucocorticoid-induced acceleration of maturation, especially of the lung, in threatened respiratory distress syndrome of the premature infant]. PMID- 6559247 TI - A new approach to antenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6559248 TI - Food for thought. PMID- 6559249 TI - Sickle cell disease: screening and counselling in the antenatal and neonatal period. Part I. PMID- 6559250 TI - Contraceptive pills and cancer. PMID- 6559252 TI - About postcoital contraception. PMID- 6559251 TI - Nutritional aspects of preconceptional care. PMID- 6559253 TI - The Scarman report and the under-fives. PMID- 6559254 TI - Sickle cell disease: screening and counselling in the antenatal and neonatal period. Part 2. PMID- 6559255 TI - Comparison of the clinical significance of methicillin-resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus isolations. AB - A prospective study of the incidence and clinical significance of Staphylococcus aureus isolations in patients undergoing surgery in a 600-bed hospital has disclosed that methicillin-sensitive organisms are more likely to be associated with severe infections (36%) than methicillin-resistant organisms (26%), and that resistant organisms are present as a colonization more often (54%) than sensitive organisms (42%). However, once a severe infection has become established, that with a methicillin-resistant organism is associated with an increased length of stay in hospital, and a greater risk of death. PMID- 6559256 TI - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6559257 TI - A molecular map of the human major histocompatibility complex class III region linking complement genes C4, C2 and factor B. AB - Four human complement genes, which have previously been mapped between HLA-D and HLA-B on chromosome 6, have now been aligned on a 98-kilobase (kb) section of the chromosome on the basis of four overlapping cosmid clones of genomic DNA. The C2 and factor B genes, less than 2 kb apart, are about 30 kb from two C4 genes separated from each other by about 10 kb. PMID- 6559258 TI - Politics and entry into practice. PMID- 6559259 TI - Federal statistical coordination today: a disaster or a disgrace? AB - The aim of central coordination of federal statistical policy is to assure the most efficient use of the resources of a very decentralized statistical system. This goal has become more elusive over the past thirty years, even as the need for standards and order in data bases among public and private decision makers has increased--in health, energy, justice, environmental, and various other regulatory policy areas. Shortsighted dislocations and political interference have deprofessionalized and decimated our ability to control, rather than to destroy, the governance of bureaucracy. PMID- 6559260 TI - Comment: federal statistical coordination. AB - Criticism of the lack of federal statistical coordination often reflects a mixture of complaints and aspirations concerning structure of government, funding and allocations, personnel, and substantive policies. Specification of an attainable higher standard of performance for federal statistics is welcome, but it is more likely to be achieved through mobilizing users of data than by the arguments of statisticians. The needed safeguards will not come from well intentioned fiat, but rather from judicious compromises. PMID- 6559261 TI - Variations in health insurance coverage: benefits vs. premiums. AB - Renewed national interest in market forces to promote more efficient and cost conscious behavior by patients and providers increasingly focuses on the structure of private health insurance benefits. Two features of procompetitive legislative proposals are considered: a ceiling on tax-free employer insurance premiums and offering greater choice of insurance plans. The interests of efficiency and equity invoke different kinds of risks and transfers; no single institutional approach is likely to yield the promised benefits. PMID- 6559262 TI - The politics of ideology vs. the reality of politics: the case of Britain's National Health Service in the 1980s. AB - In 1979 the British people elected a government that explicitly repudiated the basis of post-war political consensus; Americans did likewise in the following year. New policies, it was expected, would be shaped by a new ideology. Britain's National Health Service offers an opportunity to examine the nature of this relationship. Political, professional, and corporate ideologies about resource allocations are inevitably constrained by the prevailing public philosophy. PMID- 6559263 TI - Teaching the learning-disabled nursing student. PMID- 6559264 TI - Teaching and evaluating minorities. PMID- 6559266 TI - High-risk nursing students: emergence of remedial/developmental programs. PMID- 6559265 TI - Success: a program to reduce student nurse attrition. PMID- 6559267 TI - The guided study: self-directed learning for nurses. PMID- 6559268 TI - Contract grading: an alternative for faculty and students. PMID- 6559269 TI - The failing or unsatisfactory student. PMID- 6559270 TI - An alternate pathway to a B.S.N. PMID- 6559271 TI - Humanistic education: theory and teaching strategies. PMID- 6559272 TI - The student with a hearing loss: coping strategies. PMID- 6559273 TI - Sharing: not in your hands. PMID- 6559275 TI - Saving the elderly from the killing cold. PMID- 6559274 TI - Solving the puzzles of patients' fluid imbalance. PMID- 6559276 TI - Angina: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6559277 TI - Reach out, reach and touch...Henry. PMID- 6559278 TI - Teaching tips for living with C.O.P.D. at home. PMID- 6559279 TI - Easing the complications of chemotherapy: a matter of little victories.. PMID- 6559280 TI - In the face of anger. PMID- 6559281 TI - Thiazide diuretics--minimizing their adverse effects. PMID- 6559282 TI - Trends in the dietary management of diabetes. PMID- 6559283 TI - Female and male climacteric. PMID- 6559285 TI - Dysmenorrhoea. PMID- 6559284 TI - Contraception. PMID- 6559286 TI - Infertility. PMID- 6559287 TI - Infertility and self-help. PMID- 6559289 TI - [Therapeutic touch]. PMID- 6559288 TI - [The problem of alcoholism]. PMID- 6559290 TI - [Nursing care of the dying. A specialty to be developed or a general approach?]. PMID- 6559291 TI - [Private investigation. A positive and enriching experience]. PMID- 6559292 TI - [Evaluation of professionals: competence-productivity. Who evaluates whom? Who evaluates what?]. PMID- 6559293 TI - [The treatment of obesity]. PMID- 6559294 TI - [Living with old age and death. The hidden side of a reaction]. PMID- 6559295 TI - [Towards a feminization of the names of professions]. PMID- 6559296 TI - [The standardization of beneficiary records]. PMID- 6559298 TI - [Being a nurse...at Emergency Health Services]. PMID- 6559297 TI - [Calcium. A lifelong essential substance for women]. PMID- 6559299 TI - [Civic responsibility of nurses]. PMID- 6559300 TI - [...in your image! What is becoming of the journal Nursing Quebec?]. PMID- 6559301 TI - Euthanasia. Aiding suicide and cessation of treatment. PMID- 6559302 TI - [Home care for cancer patients. A future specialty]. PMID- 6559303 TI - [Nurses faced with power. Building solidarity]. PMID- 6559304 TI - Primary health care: an answer to the population's health needs in the year 2000? PMID- 6559306 TI - OH nursing: the international scene. PMID- 6559305 TI - Using expired carbon monoxide levels to help smokers give up. PMID- 6559307 TI - Safety: designing exhaust ventilation that works. PMID- 6559308 TI - Thumbs down for the British diet. PMID- 6559309 TI - Alcohol and the OH role. 3. Restoration of health. PMID- 6559310 TI - OH care in the Civil Service. PMID- 6559311 TI - A future scenario: Presidential Address to House of Delegates. PMID- 6559312 TI - Safety and health: nurses at higher risk for cancer? PMID- 6559313 TI - Effective networking. PMID- 6559314 TI - Car restraints for children--the nurse's role. PMID- 6559315 TI - Collective bargaining improves nursing practice. PMID- 6559316 TI - Substance abuse: an occupational hazard among nurses (Part 3). PMID- 6559317 TI - PNA testifies on comparable worth issue. PMID- 6559318 TI - The PNA visit to the Soviet Union. PMID- 6559319 TI - Accidental hypothermia and the elderly. PMID- 6559321 TI - Do we dare to teach children to be assertive? PMID- 6559320 TI - Faces of nursing. Outstanding staff nurse at Clear Haven. Senior citizen provides nursing care to senior citizens. PMID- 6559322 TI - Research in nursing education. PMID- 6559323 TI - Should there be a National Institute for Nursing? PMID- 6559324 TI - A computerized approach to discharge care planning. PMID- 6559325 TI - Establishing standards for clinical preparation. PMID- 6559327 TI - Nursing: an art and a science. PMID- 6559326 TI - Variable billing: is it viable? PMID- 6559328 TI - January 3, 2000. PMID- 6559329 TI - Psychological care in hospitals. 1. The nurse and the psychologist. PMID- 6559330 TI - Sclerotherapy--a treatment of oesophageal varices. PMID- 6559331 TI - Good pay and professional values. PMID- 6559332 TI - Standardised assessments for the elderly: clinical applications. PMID- 6559333 TI - Nursing care study. Schizophrenia: long-term care. PMID- 6559334 TI - By any other name. PMID- 6559335 TI - The story of a convert. PMID- 6559336 TI - Shape of things to come? PMID- 6559337 TI - Aspects of Paraplegia: report on a symposium. PMID- 6559338 TI - Nursing in support of the goal. Health for all by 2000 A.D. PMID- 6559339 TI - Onward with the learning experience. Report on visits to England and Norway. PMID- 6559341 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Varying needs. PMID- 6559340 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Mother and child bonding. PMID- 6559343 TI - The trap of hands per pound. PMID- 6559342 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Determined to be accepted. PMID- 6559344 TI - Living with dying. PMID- 6559345 TI - A family affair. PMID- 6559346 TI - Administration of cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 6559347 TI - Health education: little squares of newspaper. PMID- 6559348 TI - A gentle way with relatives? PMID- 6559350 TI - Nursing care study: more than enough. PMID- 6559349 TI - Coping after a mastectomy. PMID- 6559351 TI - What causes cancer? PMID- 6559352 TI - The TNM system. PMID- 6559353 TI - Overcoming the fears. PMID- 6559354 TI - The future in their hands. PMID- 6559355 TI - Many thoughts, much unsaid. PMID- 6559356 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. Health visiting in a crisis. PMID- 6559357 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. Coping with a cot death. PMID- 6559358 TI - Experience tells people the truth. PMID- 6559359 TI - Lessons to be learned. PMID- 6559360 TI - Winter breaks. PMID- 6559361 TI - Accidents will happen. PMID- 6559362 TI - Skating on thin ice. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6559363 TI - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: the nurse's role. PMID- 6559364 TI - The anxieties of endoscopy. PMID- 6559366 TI - Urinary catheterisation. PMID- 6559365 TI - Ethics: nursing as a role job. PMID- 6559367 TI - Managers' page. Seal of approval. PMID- 6559368 TI - A springboard to the future. PMID- 6559369 TI - Nursing care study: only time will tell. PMID- 6559370 TI - [Manual labor - professionality - the value of work]. PMID- 6559371 TI - [Ethical dimensions in the education of nursing instructors]. PMID- 6559372 TI - [How does Orem's nursing model fit into the Swedish nursing system?]. PMID- 6559373 TI - [Comprehensive care in Varmland]. PMID- 6559374 TI - [Report from the General Health and Nursing Care Planning, Vasterbotten's School of Nursing, Umea]. PMID- 6559375 TI - [Age-integrated small day center]. PMID- 6559376 TI - [Helsinski's Swedish Nursing Institute]. PMID- 6559377 TI - [The biophile nurse]. PMID- 6559378 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis in isolated mitochondria from regenerating rat liver. AB - Possible sites in the mitochondrial protein synthetic/degradative scheme that might be responsible for the increased incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein by mitochondria isolated from regenerating liver over the levels found for mitochondria isolated from sham-operated controls were examined. The rate of degradation of newly synthesized protein in mitochondrial preparations from regenerating liver was not decreased but proceeded approximately 30% greater than that found for the sham-operated controls. The increased incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein could also not be accounted for by a stimulation in the extent of formation of leucyl-tRNALeu. In another experiment, isolated mitochondria were incubated with [3H]leucine and the input of mitochondrial ribosomes from regenerating liver and sham-operated controls equalized for analysis on sucrose density gradients. The 55-S ribosomes from regenerating liver mitochondria contained 2.7-fold greater radioactivity in their nascent polypeptide chains than those from control mitochondria. These results indicate that the stimulation in amino acid incorporation into protein due to liver regeneration is the direct result of enhanced polypeptide bond formation on mitochondrial ribosome-messenger RNA complexes. PMID- 6559379 TI - [A diet easily digested]. PMID- 6559380 TI - [1 of the remedies]. PMID- 6559381 TI - [Specialization in pediatric nursing]. PMID- 6559382 TI - [Care of the pregnant patient]. PMID- 6559384 TI - [Reflections before graduation]. PMID- 6559383 TI - [Prophylactic care of the pregnant woman]. PMID- 6559385 TI - [Health education in school]. PMID- 6559386 TI - [Is the administrative nurse needed?. Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6559387 TI - [Few of us, few of us.... Interview by Wieslawa Jankowska]. PMID- 6559388 TI - [Treatment of drug dependence]. PMID- 6559389 TI - [The science film]. PMID- 6559390 TI - [Feeding the pregnant woman with diabetes]. PMID- 6559391 TI - [Q fever]. PMID- 6559392 TI - Ask a lawyer: the X commandments for witnesses. PMID- 6559393 TI - Craniofacial reconstruction brightens patients' futures. PMID- 6559394 TI - The anatomy of a profession. PMID- 6559395 TI - Grief and the traumatically head-injured adult. PMID- 6559396 TI - Autonomic dysreflexia. PMID- 6559398 TI - Nursing care of the spinal cord patient with recurrent pressure sores. PMID- 6559397 TI - The nervous system risk game. PMID- 6559399 TI - [I start tomorrow. Apropos of the arrival of new employees on an established team]. PMID- 6559400 TI - [A hospital coordinator by the ladies in pink]. PMID- 6559401 TI - [Maternal and child protection in 1983]. PMID- 6559402 TI - [Noises in the hospital]. PMID- 6559403 TI - [Aortic valve stenosis]. PMID- 6559404 TI - [The nurse and symptoms of cardiac origin]. PMID- 6559405 TI - [Diagnostic technics of the small intestine]. PMID- 6559406 TI - [Atlas 61. Physiology of the small intestine]. PMID- 6559407 TI - [Therapeutics: adrenergic drugs: treatment of cardiovascular disorders]. PMID- 6559408 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency. Definition, classification, practical and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6559409 TI - Operation quad squad. PMID- 6559410 TI - Nursing diagnosis. PMID- 6559411 TI - Marion Woodward Lecture. Nurses: prepare for the challenges of the future. PMID- 6559412 TI - AIDS prevention underway in B.C. PMID- 6559413 TI - Sensitivity of 523 blood culture isolates to 33 antibiotics. AB - 523 blood culture isolates collected during 18 months (July 1980-December 1981) were analysed by the agar dilution method for sensitivity to 33 antibiotics. Breakpoints corresponding to the SIR system were used but for N-formimidoyl thienamycin (N-f-thienamycin), azthreonam and fosfomycin serial dilutions were made. Aminoglycosides (netilmicin, gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin) inhibited from 90 to 86% of the strains. This was comparable to the percentage inhibited by some cephalosporins (cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephamandole and moxalactam) ranging from 95 to 89%. A very high number of strains (99%) were inhibited by N-f-thienamycin. By combination of certain antibiotics more than 99% of the strains could be inhibited. PMID- 6559414 TI - [Non specific treatment of hyperthermia]. PMID- 6559415 TI - [Preventing pathogenic microbes from invading the body]. PMID- 6559416 TI - [Treatment of systemic infections]. PMID- 6559417 TI - [Treatment of inflammation]. PMID- 6559418 TI - [Treatment of allergies]. PMID- 6559419 TI - [Prevention and treatment of transfusion reaction]. PMID- 6559420 TI - [Prevention and treatment of infections in immunodepressed patients]. PMID- 6559421 TI - [Drowning]. PMID- 6559423 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic study of malaria]. PMID- 6559422 TI - [Management of cutaneous-mucous membrane breaks]. PMID- 6559425 TI - [Malaria: recent data on resistance factors]. PMID- 6559424 TI - [Treatment of malaria]. PMID- 6559426 TI - [Vaccination. Review for the use of paramedical personnel]. PMID- 6559427 TI - [Patient's experience during a stay in a psychiatric institution]. PMID- 6559428 TI - [Guidelines for professional ethics for nurses]. PMID- 6559429 TI - [To live and die with cardiovascular disease]. PMID- 6559430 TI - [Care of the aged in institutions]. PMID- 6559431 TI - [Reorganization of Social Department/Health Directorate]. PMID- 6559432 TI - [Nurse on the continental shelf. Interview by Jofrid Bjorkvik]. PMID- 6559433 TI - [Continued education at the nursing college]. PMID- 6559434 TI - [Danish Nurses' Unemployment Fund]. PMID- 6559435 TI - [Executive Board. Cut down in patients, from the hospital over into home care]. PMID- 6559436 TI - [I am looking forward to the challenge as the new Dean]. PMID- 6559437 TI - [Occupational health services. Here occupational health services can do a lot of good]. PMID- 6559438 TI - [ICN strength up-to-date, active and progressive]. PMID- 6559439 TI - [Nursing care. Pain as a way to contact]. PMID- 6559440 TI - [Nursing research. Danish nurses cooperate in WHO's international project]. PMID- 6559441 TI - [Pure and simple cultural imperialism]. PMID- 6559442 TI - [Project work - how?]. PMID- 6559443 TI - [WHO. 1. WHO resolution could have great significance for nurses]. PMID- 6559444 TI - [Too bad our patient didn't wait with dying]. PMID- 6559445 TI - [WHO. For many physicians health is endangered in developing countries]. PMID- 6559446 TI - [Nursing care. Team work is the most important tool in the psychiatric department]. PMID- 6559447 TI - [Many findings from nurses' research activities]. PMID- 6559448 TI - [Nursing care load. Great interest for nursing care load and patient classification]. PMID- 6559449 TI - [WHO. 2. Health strategy applies to all countries of the world]. PMID- 6559450 TI - [Nursing research. Research's application to the practice of nursing]. PMID- 6559451 TI - [Ambulance system. Ambulance Committee identifies with an ambulance law]. PMID- 6559452 TI - [Ambulance system. 0-0-0 should have a close notion of where there are idle ambulances. Interview by Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6559453 TI - [Criticism is the road to improvement in the health sectors]. PMID- 6559454 TI - [Consumption and production. Myths on "Such care we are rendering" will be destroyed]. PMID- 6559455 TI - [Education. Appeal to the Minister: new meeting about agreements]. PMID- 6559456 TI - [Our part of the agreement drags on and on]. PMID- 6559457 TI - [Reductions. Plans for a personnel reduction of 40 percent]. PMID- 6559458 TI - [Care for the aged. Health promotion and self care among the aged]. PMID- 6559459 TI - [Work environment. Studies can improve the working environment for personnel in hospitals]. PMID- 6559460 TI - [Executive Board. Nurses: complete education agreement will remain in effect]. PMID- 6559461 TI - [Diagnosis of mentally retarded - a problem]. PMID- 6559462 TI - [New health care methods for neonates and infants]. PMID- 6559463 TI - [Ergonomics and nursing]. PMID- 6559464 TI - [AIDS an illness with many questionmarks]. PMID- 6559465 TI - [Geriatric visit. An elderly endocrinologic couple]. PMID- 6559466 TI - [The law on hospital provisions. On hospitals, work opportunity and the growling of a paper tiger]. PMID- 6559468 TI - [Living on the razor's edge of old age. Geriatric visit No. 5]. PMID- 6559467 TI - [The care of patients treated with muscle-relaxing drugs. What does it mean for the patient, his family and the nurse?]. PMID- 6559469 TI - [Nursing ethical notes in cost control in health care]. PMID- 6559470 TI - [Parapsychological phenomena and psychopathology]. PMID- 6559472 TI - [Is sexuality a problem of educators?]. PMID- 6559471 TI - [Authorization problems for nurses of the municipal medical and health services]. PMID- 6559473 TI - [Depression. Psychotherapy and depression]. PMID- 6559474 TI - [Medical information for nurses. Replantation surgery]. PMID- 6559475 TI - [The story of a hernia patient]. PMID- 6559476 TI - [Herniation of the nucleus pulposus]. PMID- 6559477 TI - [Diagnostic assessment and nursing care of hernia patients]. PMID- 6559478 TI - [Patient with a herniated nucleus pulposus. Conservative therapy]. PMID- 6559479 TI - [Pre and postoperative treatment of hernia patients]. PMID- 6559480 TI - [Micro-incision: a great breakthrough? Results of a lumbar disk hernia resected through a micro-incision]. PMID- 6559481 TI - [Patients with a herniated nucleus pulposus. Pre and postoperative physiotherapy]. PMID- 6559482 TI - [Is the nursing assistant the handmaiden of the nurse?]. PMID- 6559483 TI - Antibody directed to a synthetic peptide encoding the NH2-terminal 16 amino acids of the adenovirus type 2 E1B-53K tumor antigen recognizes the E1B-20K tumor antigen. AB - A peptide, H2N-Glu-Arg-Arg-Asn-Pro-Ser-Glu-Arg-Gly-Val-Pro-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ser-Gly (Cys )COOH, containing the amino acid sequence at the NH2 terminus of the adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) E1B-coded large T antigen (E1B-53K) has been synthesized. Anti-peptide antibody was generated in rabbits and used to immunoprecipitate Ad T antigens from Ad2 early infected cell extracts. In addition to the expected E1B 53K T antigen, anti-peptide antibody precipitated the Ad2 E1B-20K T antigen that was previously shown to be related to E1B-53K (M. Green, K.H. Brackmann, M.A. Cartas, and T. Matsuo, J. Virol. 42, 30-41, 1982). Anti-peptide prepared against the COOH terminus of the E1B-53K T antigen or against the NH2 terminus of the E1B 19K T antigen did not precipitate the E1B-20K T antigen. These data suggest that the Ad2 E1B-20K T antigen initiates translation at nucleotide 2016 in reading frame 3, as does E1B-53K. The viral mRNA that encodes the E1B-20K T antigen has not been identified. PMID- 6559484 TI - Feature: spirituality. Experiences on the reservation. PMID- 6559485 TI - Baccalaureate education for registered nurses. PMID- 6559486 TI - A behavioral analysis of staff-patient interactions in a psychiatric setting. PMID- 6559487 TI - Parturients' temporal experiences during the phases of labor. PMID- 6559488 TI - The IDIR model for faculty research with students. PMID- 6559489 TI - Development of a theoretically adequate description of caring. PMID- 6559490 TI - Intensity of jogging: its relationship to selected physical and psychosocial variables in women. PMID- 6559492 TI - Adjusting the fit: development of uncertainty scales for specific clinical populations. PMID- 6559491 TI - Factors in the delivery of comprehensive services through child care programs. PMID- 6559493 TI - Ethical issues in nursing research. PMID- 6559494 TI - Problems in doing nursing research: developing a criteria for evaluating qualitative research. PMID- 6559495 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research: the analogy between kaleidoscope and theory. PMID- 6559496 TI - Using research in practice: covariance among measures of arousal and emotion. PMID- 6559497 TI - Researchmanship: the scientific method and phenomenology: toward their peaceful coexistence in nursing. PMID- 6559498 TI - Hospital rate regulation--what events preceded passage of 1983's law? PMID- 6559499 TI - The resume--job hunting tool. PMID- 6559500 TI - WVNA supports living will and patient's rights. PMID- 6559501 TI - Towards the future. Presidential address. PMID- 6559502 TI - Difficult exchequer situation and rising expectations. PMID- 6559503 TI - [The law on working hours force new services in Norrtalje]. PMID- 6559504 TI - [Research relevance = a number of words which must be found in special work?]. PMID- 6559505 TI - [Blame yourself? Audience gives good advice in play on violence]. PMID- 6559506 TI - [County Council has broken with MBL (Law for Cooperative Decision Making). Decided on closing without first negotiating]. PMID- 6559507 TI - [Lisbeth, finished basic education in the summer. Jobs like nurse, assistant nurse and health care assistant]. PMID- 6559508 TI - [For some service in care, think of Spri (Health Care Planning and Rationalization Institute). Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6559509 TI - [Spri campaign wastes paper. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6559510 TI - [Certainly, papa can stay in the maternity ward]. PMID- 6559511 TI - [We should never accept unemployment. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6559512 TI - [Night patrol gives the elderly a chance to remain at home]. PMID- 6559513 TI - [Swedish assistance made it possible. Maternal and child health services reach everyone in Cape Verde Islands]. PMID- 6559514 TI - [Nursing personnel can get vaccine for hepatitis B]. PMID- 6559515 TI - [Unsuitable students could lose their place]. PMID- 6559516 TI - [The next years are decisive for employment. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6559517 TI - [He wants to provide a new kind of health care in El Salvador. Leonardo threatened with death and forced to flee from the country. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6559518 TI - [SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health and Nursing Care Employees) needs representation in Confidence Committee. "It should be of benefit to patients and personnel"]. PMID- 6559519 TI - [Tens of thousands build a bridge for peace]. PMID- 6559520 TI - [Mona, nurse and administrator: Committee should have somebody with practical experience in health care. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6559521 TI - [Physicians' needs in education]. PMID- 6559522 TI - [Proceedings in Trondheim: abuse registers in husband's case record]. PMID- 6559523 TI - [Education, weighing and vaccination. Cornerstones in child health care in Cape Verde Islands]. PMID- 6559524 TI - [Salt, sugar and water save children from dehydration]. PMID- 6559525 TI - [Hair dryer caused 2d-degree burn injuries]. PMID- 6559526 TI - [Wrong dosage caused drop in blood pressure and circulatory failure]. PMID- 6559527 TI - [District nurses in Kalmar refused to use their private cars]. PMID- 6559528 TI - [Employers' new cost control proposal: reduce your working time so that you can keep your job. Interview by Kristina Johnson]. PMID- 6559529 TI - [Ethel Ramfelt, expert in "Studies on the Concept of Death": brain death should also be applied in Sweden. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6559530 TI - [Critics get criticism: "a series of errors and superficiality could cause misunderstanding]. PMID- 6559531 TI - [Fetch water, prepare food and tend the corn seedlings - everyday life for Avelina, single mother with 7 children]. PMID- 6559532 TI - Temporal arteritis in polymyalgia rheumatica: immune complex deposits and the role of the leukocyte elastase in the pathogenesis. AB - Immunohistochemical studies were performed on the temporal artery of 34 patients with clinically established polymyalgia rheumatica (PR) or temporal arteritis, 6 patients with vasculitis, and 25 patients with various diseases. The combined immunofluorescence and peroxidase-anti-Peroxidase Methode zeigte Immunoglobulin- und C3-Ablagerunin histologically affected and to some degree also in unaffected arteries of patients with PR and in all patients with temporal arteritis. The deposits were found both inter- and intracellularly, and contained IgA and to a lesser extend IgG, IgM, and C3. Linear deposits of leukocyte elastase were found along the fragmented internal lamina, and decaying polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes surrounded by elastase-containing inclusions were found in the neighborhood of zones rich in elastic material. These findings suggest that immune complex deposition is a prominent feature of temporal arteritis and that the PMN elastase is probably involved in the destruction of elastic fibers. The combined immunohistochemical investigation appears to increase the diagnostic value of temporal artery biopsy. PMID- 6559533 TI - The Grange Inquiry. PMID- 6559534 TI - Silver nitrate instillation research. Interview by June Kikuchi and Eve Henderson. PMID- 6559535 TI - Investigating the indigo drainage bag. PMID- 6559536 TI - Assessing the Democrats. PMID- 6559537 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6559538 TI - Infection control. Too much or too little? PMID- 6559539 TI - Shunting malignant ascites. PMID- 6559540 TI - Alzheimer's disease. Inpatient care. PMID- 6559541 TI - Alzheimer's disease. Stages of cognitive decline. PMID- 6559542 TI - Helping families survive. PMID- 6559543 TI - [Peroral kallikrein therapy for male infertility--comparison between smokers and non-smokers]. AB - 101 male patients with idiopathic Oligo-, Astheno- and Oligoasthenozoospermia were given Kallikrein orally (3 X 200 KE daily) for 100 days. Sperm controls were performed before, during and after treatment. The evaluation of the results of the patient group showed, that sperm density, total sperm count, qualitative and quantitative motility during and after therapy had improved significantly. The patients were divided into 4 groups: smoker, non-smoker, group I and group II. Patients in group I had a sperm density equal to or less than 20 X 10(6) sperm/ml; those in group II had a sperm density greater than 20 X 10(6) sperm/ml. This calculation was determined by the average of two sperm controls before treatment. A significant improvement was practically seen only in the groups of smokers. The possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 6559544 TI - [Treatment of fertility disturbances in the male with a combination of mesterolone and kallikrein]. AB - 73 males with different fertility disturbances (53 X oligozoospermia, 4 X asthenozoospermia and 16 X teratozoospermia) were treated by a combination of mesterolone (50 mg daily) and kallikrein (6 X 100 KU daily; every two hours one tablet); duration of treatment: three months. Before starting the treatment two semen analyses were performed; furthermore semen control at the end of the treatment as well as three and six months after ending the therapy. The sperm density don't demonstrate any changes. The normal morphology of the spermatozoa increased about 10%. In selected cases with a very bad sperm morphology a testicular biopsy were performed; in these cases the percentage of normal spermatozoa increased for about 21%. The motility rate showed no significant changes. It can be demonstrated that this combination don't better effects than other treatment. The best way is a treatment at a well selected material with a special drug for a special case. PMID- 6559545 TI - Recurrent staphylococcal infection in a pediatric residential care facility. PMID- 6559546 TI - Compliance with isolation technique. AB - We found that compliance with isolation precautions was less than optimal. It appeared that personnel were unaware of instances in which they had become contaminated. Increasing such awareness is indicated as an incentive to improve compliance. In addition, there were two areas in which education seemed to be indicated: for housekeeping staff to assure that they understood the need to contain infectious organisms within the isolation room as well as protecting themselves and for all personnel to identify the need for handwashing after removing gloves. Others have found that a careful monitoring program by an ICP can significantly reduce the overuse, but not underuse, of isolation. Such monitoring leads to considerable cost savings. We recommend that compliance with isolation technique be monitored on a periodic basis in other acute care institutions. PMID- 6559547 TI - Effect of methods of postdischarge wound infection surveillance on reported infection rates. PMID- 6559548 TI - Faculty practice symposium seeks ways to 'make it work'. PMID- 6559549 TI - 100 nurses learn political skill, savvy at ANA workshop. PMID- 6559551 TI - Boston nurse teaches new parents how to cope. PMID- 6559550 TI - ANA, INA file wage complaint against Illinois. PMID- 6559552 TI - Self-regulation protects nursing's growing edge. PMID- 6559553 TI - What is nurse's role when adults forego treatment? PMID- 6559554 TI - Structure to outcome: making it work. First Annual Symposium on Nursing Faculty Practice, December 8-9, 1983, Orlando, Florida. PMID- 6559555 TI - Structural consideration for the social integration of nursing. PMID- 6559556 TI - Organizational perspectives on faculty practice: issues and challenges. PMID- 6559557 TI - Stepchildren in the family: aiming toward synergy between nursing education and service--from the nursing service perspective. PMID- 6559558 TI - Stepchildren in the family: aiming toward synergy between nursing education and service--from the faculty perspective. PMID- 6559559 TI - Faculty practice considerations in academic health centers' schools of nursing. PMID- 6559560 TI - Technology, changing relationships create modern dilemmas. PMID- 6559561 TI - Home study program. Vena caval interruption. PMID- 6559562 TI - Surgical prevention of pulmonary emboli. PMID- 6559563 TI - Teaching the patient having a vena caval filter. PMID- 6559564 TI - Characteristics of a successful workshop leader. PMID- 6559565 TI - Ambulatory surgery units need their own OR committee. PMID- 6559566 TI - Cleaning and processing anesthesia equipment. Proposed recommended practices. PMID- 6559567 TI - Inhibition of porcine elastase and anhydroelastase by boronic acids. AB - Porcine pancreatic elastase binds and is inhibited by the arylboronic acids with Ki values on the order of 10(-4)M, binding tighter than butaneboronic acid or methaneboronic acid. The pH dependence of the Ki values shows two pK values, pK1 = 6.8, assigned to enzyme ionization, and pK2, assigned to inhibitor ionization. The substituent effect of the arylboronic acids on Ki, investigated by a Hammett plot, suggests that the boron atom of the inhibitor interacts strongly with a nucleophilic site of elastase and probably forms an enzyme-bound tetrahedral structure. Anhydroelastase was formed by the removal of active site Ser-OH of elastase. Anhydroelastase has a much reduced affinity for the arylboronic acids or specific aldehyde inhibitors than the native enzyme, agreeing with the tetrahedral postulate. PMID- 6559568 TI - The nurse and the law. The test of 'wills'. PMID- 6559569 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse. Food additives: separating fact from fiction. PMID- 6559570 TI - Hazards of cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 6559571 TI - Baby massage--a teaching model. PMID- 6559573 TI - The use of a framework in curriculum development. PMID- 6559572 TI - A person-oriented view of patient-centred care. PMID- 6559574 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6559575 TI - Night nursing--an aspect of occupational stress. PMID- 6559576 TI - Community health nursing in the Bush. PMID- 6559577 TI - Maintenance hemodialysis stressors, hierarchy of human needs, and nursing interventions: a patient perspective. PMID- 6559578 TI - Indirect blood pressure measurement in children undergoing hemodialysis: a comparison of brachial and dorsalis pedis auscultatory sites. PMID- 6559579 TI - Meeting the immediate needs of the dialysis patient using the internal jugular catheter. PMID- 6559580 TI - Eighteen months experience with the LIFECATH. PMID- 6559581 TI - Effect of an algorithm and patient information on serum phosphorus levels. PMID- 6559582 TI - Presentation of treatment modalities for the ESRD patient: peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6559584 TI - Professional issues: nursing: a social policy statement. PMID- 6559583 TI - Problem identification and formation of the research question. PMID- 6559585 TI - Recreational dialysis. PMID- 6559586 TI - A sensitive area (care of the episiotomy in the post-partum period). PMID- 6559587 TI - Nursing research: statistical issues and decisions. PMID- 6559588 TI - Primary and non-primary nursing--evaluation by process criteria. PMID- 6559589 TI - Needs of the breastfeeding dyad: how nurses can assist. PMID- 6559590 TI - Psychological tests as predictors of success in psychiatric nurse education. PMID- 6559591 TI - Administrative implications arising from introduction of a degree course. PMID- 6559592 TI - Nurse staffing methodologies: the relationship between quality and cost. PMID- 6559593 TI - Interorganizational relations research in nursing care delivery systems. PMID- 6559594 TI - Socialization and roles in nursing. PMID- 6559595 TI - Philosophic inquiry. PMID- 6559596 TI - Nursing research related to schoolage children and adolescents. PMID- 6559597 TI - Nursing research related to infants and young children. PMID- 6559598 TI - Adulthood: a promising focus for future research. PMID- 6559599 TI - Clinical geriatric nursing research. PMID- 6559600 TI - Localized heat urticaria associated with a decrease in serum complement factor B (C3 proactivator). AB - A case of localized heat urticaria is reported in a 51-year-old woman who within a few minutes of contact with warm water developed erythema and swelling sharply localized to the heated area. After a hot bath urticarial lesions appeared over large areas of her body, accompanied by a feeling of weakness, but no other systemic symptoms. After challenge with heat by immersing her left arm in water heated to 42 degrees C, a rapid decrease of her serum complement level of factor B was demonstrated, suggesting that activation of an alternative complement pathway plays a role in this form of urticaria. Biopsies for immunofluorescent study of complement and immunoglobulins were negative at 30 and 180 min after heat challenge. The dermal fibres and endothelial cells of dermal vessels were capable, in vitro, of complement binding before and after exposure to heat. PMID- 6559602 TI - The pH dependence of pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetics for the porcine pancreatic beta-kallikrein-B-catalyzed hydrolysis of N-alpha-carbobenzoxy-L arginine p-nitrophenyl ester. AB - Pre-steady-state and steady-state kinetics of the porcine pancreatic beta kallikrein-B (EC 3.4.21.35) catalyzed hydrolysis of ZArgONp have been determined between pH 2.4 and 8. The results are consistent with a minimum three-step mechanism involving an acyl-enzyme intermediate: (see formula). The formation of the E X S complex may be regarded as a pseudoequilibrium process; the minimum values for k+1 are 5.9 X 10(6) M-1 X s-1 (pH 5.5) and 9.4 X 10(5) M-1 X s-1 (pH 2.4) and that for k-1 is 600 s-1. The value of k-1/k+1 (= Ks) changes from 102 microM at pH greater than or equal to 5.5 to 638 microM at pH less than 2.4. The pH dependence of k+2 conforms to two ionizing groups, in the E X S complex, with pKa values of 3.4 +/- 0.1 and 7.05 +/- 0.10. The pH profile of k+2/Ks (= kcat/Km) reflects the ionization of two groups, in the free enzyme, with pKa values of 4.2 +/- 0.1 and 7.05 +/- 0.10. The pH dependence of k+3 implicates two ionizing groups in the deacylation step with pKa values of 4.6 +/- 0.1 and 7.0 +/- 0.1. At acid pH values (pH 2.4-4.4), k+3 is rate-limiting in catalysis, whereas for pH values higher than 4.4, k+2 becomes rate-limiting. The observed neutral and acid ionizations probably reflect the acid-base equilibrium of His-57 and Asp-189 involved in the central site of beta-kallikrein-B. The structural basis for the specificity and catalytic behaviour of this proteinase are discussed and a role for Ser-226 is pinpointed. PMID- 6559601 TI - Crystals of Bacillus stearothermophilus tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase containing enzymatically formed acyl transfer product tryptophanyl-ATP, an active site maker for the 3' CCA terminus of tryptophanyl-tRNATrp. AB - It has previously been shown that tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus crystallizes in different forms, depending on the substrates present during crystallization [Carter, C. W., Jr., & Carter, C. W. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 12219-12223]. Radiolabeling experiments show that the tetragonal crystals (type IV), grown in the presence of tryptophan and ATP, contain enzymatically formed 3'(2')-tryptophanyladenosine 5'-triphosphate (Trp-ATP). Trp ATP is formed by acyl transfer of the tryptophanyl moiety of an acyladenylate intermediate, Trp-5'-AMP, to a second molecule of ATP bound in the site normally occupied by the 3' CCA terminus of tRNATrp. This compound is therefore a chemical marker in type IV crystals for that part of the tRNA binding site on the synthetase. Solution of this crystal structure, now in progress, may therefore provide useful information concerning the mechanism of aminoacylation of tRNATrp by this enzyme and may help locate its tRNA binding site. PMID- 6559603 TI - The isolation and characterization of a new elastase inhibitor, pre-alpha 2 elastase inhibitor, of the horse. AB - A new and probably unique elastase inhibitor of horse serum was identified, purified to homogeneity and called pre-alpha 2-elastase inhibitor of the horse. Electrophoretically it migrated immediately in front of the alpha 2 position. Its molecular weight was 188 000 by pore limit polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 225 000 by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The inhibitor was composed of at least two non-identical polypeptide chains of Mr 68 400 and 87 600. A banding pattern of restricted heterogeneity focused between pH 4.9 and 5.2 was revealed by isoelectric focusing. Of 13 animal, microbial and plant proteinases, horse pre alpha 2-elastase inhibitor inhibited only pancreatic elastase and trypsin efficiently. Chymotrypsin was inhibited only in traces. No analogy between the elastase inhibitor and the known human serum inhibitors could be found with respect to immunological and biochemical criteria. PMID- 6559604 TI - Nurse chooses consulting challenge. Interview by Beth MacLeod. PMID- 6559605 TI - Contract provides basic protection. PMID- 6559606 TI - PPC presents: award-winning video & workshop. PMID- 6559607 TI - Government relations: the rulemaking process. PMID- 6559608 TI - Continuity of care at On Lok House. PMID- 6559609 TI - Ethics and education. PMID- 6559611 TI - Psychiatric mental health nurse: Gedan - a determined leader. PMID- 6559610 TI - Nicaraguans bridge barriers to health. PMID- 6559612 TI - Computers in nursing practice and administration. An online patient classification system. PMID- 6559613 TI - Community mental health--a nursing alternative. PMID- 6559614 TI - The elements of a comprehensive mental health assessment. PMID- 6559615 TI - Teaching graduate psychiatric students in a limited amount of time. PMID- 6559616 TI - What the students have to say. PMID- 6559617 TI - Life is a tall building. PMID- 6559618 TI - Community readjustment groups -- an experience in rehabilitation for student nurses. PMID- 6559619 TI - A sensitization program for geriatric nurses. Games that make you care. PMID- 6559620 TI - A child in hospital. "I'm braver now, aren't I?". PMID- 6559621 TI - Occupation: nurse. Occupational hazard: radiation. PMID- 6559622 TI - Living in spite of schizophrenia. PMID- 6559623 TI - Childhood enuresis: a nursing approach. PMID- 6559624 TI - Recognizing the sexual health care needs of hospitalized patients. PMID- 6559625 TI - CNA connection. The Canada Health Act: new action plan. PMID- 6559626 TI - Nursing management of the patient with cancer experiencing taste changes. PMID- 6559627 TI - After a tracheostomy: patients describe their sensations. PMID- 6559628 TI - Epidemiologic factors associated with breast cancer. PMID- 6559629 TI - Improving cancer patients' adjustment to infusion chemotherapy: evaluation of a patient education program. PMID- 6559630 TI - Hospital liability for failure to monitor competence of its staff--part I. PMID- 6559631 TI - Programmed instruction: cancer care. Cancer prevention and detection: risk assessment: the medical history. PMID- 6559633 TI - Recommendations for nursing care in the 1980s. PMID- 6559632 TI - Slow channel calcium blockers in the treatment of chronic stable angina. PMID- 6559634 TI - Would I? PMID- 6559635 TI - Perserverance and vision pays off: psych mental health nurse tells of her success in private practice. PMID- 6559636 TI - Hybridization histochemistry: use of recombinant DNA for tissue localizations of specific mRNA populations. AB - A procedure of in situ hybridization, termed hybridization histochemistry has been developed to locate in specially prepared whole sections of tissue those areas which contain specific mRNA populations, the presence of which would indicate that a certain gene is "switched on" and production of a specific protein or peptide is highly probable. In the main 32P-labelled recombinant DNA probes were used. These probes were complementary to several peptide hormones or enzymes. 32P-labelled DNA probes were favoured initially because the short time needed for exposure enabled the development of the procedure to proceed quickly. The results indicate that the mRNA's of the species being examined are present in whole sections of tissue in a physical state which leaves them accessible to cDNA probes. The results are highly reproducible and specific. Because the method allows a clear distinction to be made between those cells which manufacture a peptide or protein and those which have imported the material it will have a special use in resolving many controversies over specific sites of origin of peptides and proteins, especially in tissues e.g. CNS and gut which are functionally complex and morphologically heterogeneous. PMID- 6559637 TI - Nursing archives - preserving the profession's history. PMID- 6559638 TI - MOH rules--OK? PMID- 6559639 TI - Promoting continence: confusion, ignorance and inconsistency. PMID- 6559640 TI - International Primary Health Care Conference. PMID- 6559641 TI - Promoting continence: how would you feel? PMID- 6559642 TI - Medicine chest laxatives. PMID- 6559643 TI - Promoting continence: catheters in the community. PMID- 6559644 TI - Primary care and the year 2000. A glimpse into the future - 1. PMID- 6559645 TI - Primary care and the year 2000. A glimpse into the future - 2. PMID- 6559646 TI - Pressure sores: the role of nutrition. PMID- 6559647 TI - Mexiletine. PMID- 6559648 TI - Standardized care plan for a child with Reye's syndrome. PMID- 6559649 TI - Physiology review. Hepatic and biliary system. PMID- 6559650 TI - Rule: give only decaffeinated coffee to cardiac patients. PMID- 6559651 TI - Your mystery arrhythmia strip. PMID- 6559652 TI - The establishment of a critical care pharmacy: a nursing perspective. PMID- 6559653 TI - Caring for a patient with an endotracheal tube. PMID- 6559654 TI - The legal liabilities of critical care. Negligence--Part IV. Causation. PMID- 6559655 TI - Caring and sharing: neonatal nursing. Intensively caring. PMID- 6559656 TI - A nursing care plan for the patient receiving calcium antagonists. PMID- 6559657 TI - Nursing management in critical care units. The planning process. PMID- 6559658 TI - A fluid challenge protocol. PMID- 6559659 TI - The EKG of the month (pericarditis). PMID- 6559660 TI - Rx for ECG monitoring artifact. PMID- 6559661 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6559662 TI - The computer as a communication device for ventilator and tracheostomy patients in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6559663 TI - ICU nursing stress audit. A tool to assess the stressors of an intensive care unit. PMID- 6559664 TI - Gentamicin- and methicillin-resistant, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus: comparative in vitro and in vivo efficacy of alternative antimicrobial drugs. AB - Six representative clinical isolates of gentamicin- and methicillin-resistant (GRMR) Staphylococcus aureus, constituting phage groups II and III, were susceptible only to amikacin, cefamandole, clindamycin, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, netilmicin, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin (Bauer Kirby test). With few exceptions, the minimal bactericidal concentrations of the beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics tested, fusidic acid, and irregularly those of vancomycin, but not those of fosfomycin and rifampin, exceeded minimal inhibitory concentrations values by at least 8-fold. In vitro, combinations of rifampin with cefamandole, cefazolin, cefotaxime, erythromycin, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, netilmicin, and vancomycin yielded indifferent effects. The GRMR S. aureus strains were refractory against 50, 65, and 80 vol% of fresh defibrinated blood; following reduction of viable counts at 2 h (greater than or equal to 90%), rebound growth invariably occurred within 4 h after exposure. Combined human blood (55 vol%)-antibiotic assays revealed rifampin as the most effective drug, followed by vancomycin, fusidic acid, and cefamandole, in that order. Blood plus cefotaxime, cefazolin, or netilmicin yielded indifferent effects; fosfomycin failed in vitro. In terms of speed of recovery and survival data (chi 2 test), cyclophosphamide-pretreated, i.e., leukopenic NMRI mice responded best to chemotherapy with rifampin, followed by vancomycin, cefamandole, netilmicin, and fosfomycin, in that order; cefazolin yielded variable results. PMID- 6559665 TI - Activity of eleven antimicrobial agents against methicillin-, methicillin- and rifampin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Activity of eleven antimicrobial agents against methicillin-, methicillin- and rifampin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was studied using a microtiter broth dilution technique. Coumermycin was the most active agent. Vancomycin, rifampin, fusidic acid and N-formimidoyl-thienamycin showed excellent activity against methicillin-resistant St. aureus (MRSA). Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was similar for MRSA and methicillin- and rifampin-resistant St. aureus. 8% of MRSA were resistant to trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. PMID- 6559666 TI - Intraincisional antibiotics in laparotomy wounds. AB - Concentrations of ampicillin after intraincisional instillation in laparotomy wounds were measured in ten patients undergoing appendectomy. Ampicillin, 1 gm, was instilled under the fascia and 1 gm in the subcutaneous space during wound closure. Wound secretion was collected every two hours during the first 24 postoperative hours by cannulation of a fine perforated drain placed in the subcutaneous space. Ampicillin was determined by a disk diffusion method. During the first eight hours the median concentration of ampicillin in wound secretion exceeded 1000 microgram/ml; 14 hours and 20 hours after wound closure the median concentrations were 73 and 14 microgram/ml, respectively. The effect of ampicillin in high concentrations on "resistant" strains of Bacteroides fragilis was demonstrated in an in vitro experiment. It is concluded that in colorectal surgery the effect on wound sepsis of intraincisional antibiotics as an addition to systemic antibiotic prophylaxis should be evaluated in a clinical trial. PMID- 6559667 TI - Plasmapheresis. PMID- 6559668 TI - Intracranial hypertension: a Reye's syndrome complication. PMID- 6559669 TI - Implementing changes in critical care. PMID- 6559670 TI - Home care for ventilator-dependent children: providing a chance to live a normal life. PMID- 6559671 TI - A critical care internship program. PMID- 6559673 TI - Differentiating roles in quality assurance. PMID- 6559672 TI - Location of myocardial infarction: assessing the patient's response. PMID- 6559674 TI - Using psychodrama with critical care nurses. PMID- 6559675 TI - Critical care nursing in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6559676 TI - Interest groups: inservice education. PMID- 6559677 TI - Endocrinology: a future challenge for critical care nurses. PMID- 6559678 TI - The adolescent coping with cancer. PMID- 6559679 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation: a multisystem problem. PMID- 6559680 TI - Primary aldosteronism: a challenging case. PMID- 6559681 TI - Nursing diagnosis in the critical care unit. PMID- 6559682 TI - Fire and safety codes in unit design. PMID- 6559683 TI - National standards for diabetes patient education programs. From the National Diabetes Advisory Board. PMID- 6559684 TI - Neuropathic arthropathy: the diabetic Charcot foot. PMID- 6559685 TI - Diabetes education in Australia. PMID- 6559686 TI - The diabetic who takes a drink. PMID- 6559687 TI - Outcomes of a diabetes professional education seminar. PMID- 6559688 TI - Child protective services in parental mismanagement of diabetes. PMID- 6559689 TI - Unscientific and opinionated report on meters. PMID- 6559690 TI - Isolation of a novel antibody, which precipitates ribonucleoprotein complex containing threonine tRNA from a patient with polymyositis. AB - We have isolated and characterized a novel antibody from a patient with polymyositis, which precipitates threonine tRNA and an unknown small RNA molecule from 32P-labeled HeLa extract. Fingerprint analysis showed that the human threonine tRNA precipitated was nearly identical to the murine tRNA described by Harada [(1978) Seikagaku 50, 397-411]. Nucleotide analysis suggested that the other small RNA molecule might be transfer RNA. Since phenol extraction resulted in the loss of immunoprecipitability, the protein portion was presumed to be involved in the recognition of the antigen. Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa cells with the antibody clearly demonstrated that the antigen was located predominantly in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6559691 TI - ATP and other purine nucleotides stimulate the inactivation of ornithine transcarbamylase by broken lysosomes. AB - Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) is very stable in rat liver homogenates, or mitochondria. However, pure OTC from rat or beef liver is inactivated by broken lysosomes. ATP and a number of purine nucleotides, particularly epsilon-ATP, stimulate the inactivation of OTC by broken lysosomes. Inactivation of OTC by trypsin and elastase is also stimulated by epsilon-ATP. Carbamoyl phosphate protects OTC against proteolytic attack by elastase or by broken lysosomes. Thus, environmental factors, e.g., ATP and carbamoyl phosphate, appear to influence OTC stability to proteases. PMID- 6559692 TI - [Chronic pneumonia in the elderly]. PMID- 6559693 TI - [Chronic coronary insufficiency in women]. PMID- 6559694 TI - [Prevention of conjunctivitis]. PMID- 6559695 TI - [Acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6559696 TI - [Chronomedicine]. PMID- 6559697 TI - [The prophylactic trend is the basic principle of Soviet public health]. PMID- 6559698 TI - [Efficient antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 6559699 TI - [Organization of hygienic instruction for agricultural machinery operators]. PMID- 6559700 TI - [Renal colic (uric acid diathesis) and pregnancy]. PMID- 6559701 TI - [Complex mitral heart defect. Circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 6559702 TI - [Human intestinal taeniasis]. PMID- 6559703 TI - [Leptospirosis]. PMID- 6559704 TI - [Pathogenesis and clinical aspects of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6559705 TI - [Pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 6559706 TI - [Diet therapy in kidney disease]. PMID- 6559707 TI - [Chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6559709 TI - [Prevention and treatment of dacryocystitis]. PMID- 6559708 TI - [Important public health tasks today]. PMID- 6559710 TI - [Traumatic shock]. PMID- 6559711 TI - [Poisoning by cardiac glycosides: clinical aspects, treatment, risk factors, prevention]. PMID- 6559712 TI - [Education in the precept of sobriety]. PMID- 6559713 TI - [Prevention of periodontal diseases (maternal for talks)]. PMID- 6559714 TI - [Use of medical gymnastics at the outpatient stage of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6559715 TI - [Prevention of industrial accidents and the organization of trauma care for workers in enterprises of the system of the Ministry of Light Industry of the USSR]. PMID- 6559716 TI - [Ingrown toenail and its conservative treatment]. PMID- 6559717 TI - Battered women: a nursing perspective. Part I. PMID- 6559718 TI - Sterol biosynthesis: effect of compactin and its derivatives. PMID- 6559719 TI - [Influence of fenoterol, ritodrine and clenbuterol on maternal oxytocin and PGFM levels]. AB - In this investigation, the Oxytocin (OT) and 13, 14-Dihydro-15 Keto PGF 2-alpha (PGFM) levels were investigated in patients who required ripening of the cervix prior to induction of labour. Under randomized conditions four PGE2-Gel-groups and 1 Placebo group was formed. The patients who received PGE2-Gel were treated either with .4 mg PGE2-Gel intercervically without prior treatment with Betamimetica (n = 6) or 30 minutes prior to the application of .4 mg PGE2-Gel intercervically with 5 mb Fenoterol (n = 6) or 10 mg Ritadrine (n = 6) or 20 micrograms Clenbuterol (n = 6). These drugs were given by mouth. A control group of 6 patients received Gel without PGE2 Placebo. In previous investigations, it was shown that the Oxytocin level rises following the intercervical administration of PGE2-Gel to an unripe cervix whereas the PGFM level remains unchanged. Oral administration of Fenoterol inhibited the PG induced rise of the Oxytocin level and kept the Oxytocin level in the same range as following the administration of a Placebo. The present investigation served to check whether Ritadrine and Clenbuterol had an Oxytocin inhibiting effect as well as Fenoterol. It was found that administration of Betamimetica did not inhibit the ripening effect of PGE2-Gel on the cervix. Although labour did not start in 12 of 18 women treated with Betamimetica during four hours, the cervix ripened in the same manner as in women with labour. The administration of Placebo instead of PGE2-Gel showed no ripening effect (P less than 00001). Following the administration of Fenoterol the maternal heart rate increases significantly compared to Placebo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6559720 TI - [Additional magnesium therapy in tocolysis: clinico-chemical monitoring parameters]. AB - Pregnancy can result in magnesium deficiency, which may precipitate premature labour usually reversed by betamimetic therapy. Inclusion of magnesium in tocolytic therapy is useful for possible reduction of premature labour as well as for cardioprotection. 35 patients with premature labour received Fenoterol + 20 mmol/day magnesium aspartate hydrochloride (Mg-asp-HCl) orally or 30 or 40 mmol/day Mg-asp-HCl and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) (1:1) i.v. Before and during this therapy, Mg, Ca, K, Na, Cl, creatinin and urea as well as human placental lactogen (HPL) and oestriol (E3) were determined. There were no significant changes in the level of these under oral magnesium therapy. Under intravenous administration, plasma levels of magnesium rose significantly. In the following weeks, the levels dropped in spite of continuing the therapy. The other parameters showed no important changes. Under i.v. administration of 40 mmol/day Mg-asp-HCl, the HPL increase was highly significant. If this could be taken as a hint of better placental function such a positive side effect of magnesium therapy could prove beneficial to "small-for-age" foetuses. Co-medication of 20 mmol/day Mg-asp-HCl (oral) or 40 mmol/day Mg-asp-HCl and MgSO4 (1:1, i.v.) is recommended. PMID- 6559721 TI - [Perioperative and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Pilot study by a working team of Swiss gynecological hospitals]. AB - The article presents joint annual statistics for 1982 as a perioperative and perinatal morbidity and mortality analysis representing a pilot study by the working team of 41 Swiss gynaecological hospitals. This serves as a model for a meaningful quality control programme. The data of 50,770 patients (including 24,656 births) have been stored. The evaluation programmes which can be read off directly supply for every index word on the patient record the median and quartile ranges of the entire data bank and hence the basis of internal control within the hospital. PMID- 6559722 TI - [Endometrial cytology using the new Abradul instrument]. AB - Abradul is a new plastic instrument for endometrial biopsies. The instrument is easy to handle and the technique of its use is similar to the procedure for insertion of an intra-uterine contraceptive device. The advantage of Abradul over other instruments is that tubal cornua can be reached easily. The instrument was used in three gynecological offices 290 times especially for the recognition of silent endometrial cancers and its precursors. Malignant and premalignant changes can be well differentiated in the cytology from benign samples. The authors recommend the instrument for the early diagnosis of cancer in some age and risk groups. The instrument can be useful for the diagnosis of the functional state of the endometrium. PMID- 6559723 TI - [Contrary trends of treated carcinomas of the cervix and breast. Observations in a hospital with a relatively low population mobility between 1963 and 1982]. AB - In a clinic serving a district area with a rather constant population the number of clinical carcinomas of the cervix dropped during the past two decades, whereas during the same period the number of carcinomas of the breast which were clinically identifiable showed a four-fold increase. The diagnostic criteria are comparable. No explanation for this development trend can be offered. It is the aim of the authors to stimulate consideration of this phenomenon and to suggest collection of comparable data which might be helpful in finding an explanation. PMID- 6559724 TI - [Prevention of tumor implantation during surgery of cervical and endometrial carcinoma]. AB - The careful cleansing of the vagina with physiologic saline and 96% ethyl alcohol, the insert of a big, dry swab for two minutes in front of the portio vaginalis cervicis and the cleansing once more again with a dry swab are an effective prophylaxis against tumor implantation from a carcinoma of the endometrium or of the cervix. This could be confirmed not only by cytology prior to operation and by cytology antecedent to cleansing the vagina immediately prior to the removal of the uterus from the vagina but also by the follow-up study of 517 surgically treated cancers of the endometrium and 241 cervical cancers. PMID- 6559725 TI - [Some mental factors in sexual sterility and their significance for getting pregnant. I. Development of the partners up to the marriage]. AB - Supplementing earlier reports, the results on testing of the development of the personalities of 75 partners with involuntary infertility are reported. Some partners show correlations to the cause of infertility which support our opinion of the psychosomatic characteristics of infertility. It can be assumed that early influences from the development of the personality prepare for later infertility. The degree of these factors has a bearing on the treatment of the infertility. The pregnancy rate of the different factors investigated is described. PMID- 6559726 TI - [Vecchietti's operation for the formation of a neovagina: technic and results]. AB - We performed Vecchietti's operation in 10 patients with absence of the vagina (8 Rokitansky-Kuster-syndrome, 1 testicular feminization, 1 occlusion of the vagina after radiotherapy). There were no intra- or postoperative complications; on discharge the neovagina was patent for 2 fingers in all cases. On follow-up examinations 2 to 20 months postoperatively the neovagina was no longer patent in the patient after radiotherapy, all other patients had neovaginas with a length ranging from 5 to 9 cm and reported satisfactory coitus without dyspareunia. According to our experience the conditions for successful surgical formation of a neovagina are: good psychosocial adjustment, some preoperative sexual experience, higher age, preoperative counselling, and longterm follow-up. PMID- 6559727 TI - [Financing research in gynecologic hospitals]. AB - Personal observations show that financing of research projects in Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology have weak points. Some can be defined such as beaurocratic inability and tutelage of experts by lay people. The inexperience of donors of money and the fight for patients result in bad advice. The German Research Society administrates in trust the spending for research of the state. The Research Society has to rely on consultants who often lack intuition for important projects. Many times research money is used for studies of problems which largely already have been solved. The administration of the German Research Society is often overloaded. It is then possible to mislead the German Research Society in groteque manners. It is also detrimental that too many politicians and too many ministeries with too little expertise make too many mistakes especially prior to elections. The consultants should evaluate the use of the German language in their evaluations. After 25 years of participation in academic councils and institutions for research, the conclusion is obvious that the relationship between medical faculties and the universities in general need to be loosend up. PMID- 6559728 TI - [Artificial heterologous insemination]. PMID- 6559729 TI - [Artificial heterologous insemination]. PMID- 6559730 TI - [Effectiveness of pre-operative antibiotic prevention in hysterectomies and cesarean section]. AB - All controlled studies which were available by computer search from the literature were evaluated regarding the efficiency of preventive antibiotics for post-operative infections following hysterectomies and Cesarian sections. All controlled studies were evaluated by identical criteria. In 41 out of 46 studies (89.1%) on vaginal hysterectomies, febrile morbidity showed a significant decrease. In abdominal hysterectomies, 15 of 26 studies (57.7%) and in Cesarian sections 47 of 53 studies (88.7%) showed a significant decrease. Following vaginal hysterectomies and Cesarian sections, the preventive antibiotics decreased the febrile morbidity by 26 or 26.9 percentage points and pelvic or uterine infections by about 20 percentage points. In abdominal hysterectomies, the decrease was only 10.4 or 4.4 percentage points. Cesarian sections after the onset of labour and or rupture of the membranes have a high risk of infection and show the best decrease of febrile morbidity following preventive antibiotics. PMID- 6559731 TI - [Evaluation of quality of nursing care. An attempt at a definition]. PMID- 6559732 TI - Wash your hands! PMID- 6559734 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Central anticholinergic syndrome. PMID- 6559735 TI - Nutrition. Diet and diabetes. PMID- 6559733 TI - A GNP in a retirement community. PMID- 6559736 TI - 70+ and going strong. Happy one hundred! PMID- 6559737 TI - Reminisce with the elderly--do it! PMID- 6559738 TI - When swallowing pills is difficult. PMID- 6559739 TI - Assessing behavior: the Nurse's Mental Status Exam. PMID- 6559741 TI - A career in infection control. PMID- 6559740 TI - The Set Test to screen mental status quickly. PMID- 6559742 TI - The impaired nurse: growing concerns over chemical dependency. PMID- 6559743 TI - A look at images in nursing. PMID- 6559744 TI - The public image of the nurse on the get-well card: to see ourselves as others see us. PMID- 6559745 TI - The "strip tease" of nurse symbols or nurse dress code: no code. PMID- 6559746 TI - The challenge: nursing's accurate portrayal. PMID- 6559747 TI - Choosing a nursing licensure exam review course. PMID- 6559748 TI - The effects of sodium orthovanadate, noradrenaline and angiotensin II on isolated perfused rat kidney glomerular-tuft diameter. AB - The effects of sodium orthovanadate, angiotensin II (A II) and noradrenaline (NA) were studied on the isolated perfused rat kidney (IPRK) and on the diameter of the glomerular capsule and tuft. Vanadate (4.5 microM), A II (20 nM) and NA (17.3 microM) increased the total resistance of the IPRK. There was a simultaneous increase in glomerular filtration rate with vanadate and A II, but a decrease with NA. The glomerular tuft/capsule diameter ratio decreased significantly from 0.85 (control) to 0.81, 0.81 and 0.78 for vanadate, A II, and NE treated kidneys, respectively. The decrease in ratio was associated with an increase in diameter of the glomerular capsule for A II and NE. This finding accompanied with simultaneous rise in TPR and GFR in the case of vanadate and A II, indicates that the post capillary efferent arteriolar vasoconstriction is a component in the mechanism of action with A II and vanadate. Evidence for such a component is less clear for NA because GFR decreases and TPR increases. Vanadate may affect both with a predominance on the efferent arteriole. The data indicate that histological measurements of glomerular size lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms of vasoactive drugs acting on the kidney. PMID- 6559750 TI - [Confidences from a fortuitous meeting: or the life of a chronic hemodialysis patient]. PMID- 6559749 TI - [100 g of meat a day: I persist and I sign...]. PMID- 6559751 TI - [..."Giving to drug abuse a response other than guilt, fear or contempt"...]. PMID- 6559752 TI - [Contact lenses and esthetics--cosmetics]. PMID- 6559753 TI - [Tetanus]. PMID- 6559755 TI - [The civil code: the notion of autonomy]. PMID- 6559754 TI - [Emergencies at home--at school--at work]. PMID- 6559756 TI - [Faced with the psychological needs of women in labor]. PMID- 6559757 TI - [Towards holistic nursing]. PMID- 6559758 TI - [Self perception of women who elect tubal ligation]. PMID- 6559759 TI - [Questions and answers relative to Virginia Henderson's conceptual model]. PMID- 6559760 TI - [Recommendations for safe handling of parenteral antineoplastic drugs]. PMID- 6559762 TI - [A tool for triage in an emergency service]. PMID- 6559763 TI - [AIIC network. The health care law in Canada: new plan of action]. PMID- 6559761 TI - [Point-blank: controlling pain]. PMID- 6559764 TI - A model for developing infection control policies/procedures. PMID- 6559765 TI - Transmission of infection via laboratory clothing. PMID- 6559766 TI - Pseudobacteremia. PMID- 6559767 TI - Three clusters of Bacillus pseudobacteremia related to a radiometric blood culture analyzer. AB - During a ten-month period from September 1981 to July 1982 three episodes of pseudobacteremia due to Bacillus species occurred at this 550-bed institution. The first involved eight isolates, the second 11, and the third seven isolates of the organism, all with the same antibiogram. The patients involved did not exhibit clinical signs of septicemia, and in only one case was more than one specimen per patient positive when multiple blood samples were obtained. Occasional blood cultures of Bacillus species identified in between clusters revealed a different antibiogram. Extensive epidemiologic investigation of patient locations, phlebotomists, and time of cultures yielded no common source. Components involved in the transport and processing of blood cultures, including the radiometric blood culture processor, were also sampled but without recovery of the organism. After the last episode, a layer of dust was noted inside the machine, and culture of this dust grew Bacillus spp. with the same antibiogram as those found in the blood cultures. The filter from an air conditioning unit in close proximity to the machine grew several species of Bacillus. It is presumed that Bacillus spores in the dust were introduced into the blood culture bottles following the heat sterilization of the gas sampling (inoculation/removal) needles. Modification of the cover of the machine was undertaken to prevent access of dust bearing microbes to the inside of the machine. In addition, maintenance now includes regular disinfection/cleaning of the "floor" of the machine, and more frequent changes of the air conditioner filter. PMID- 6559768 TI - Pseudobacteremia traced to cross-contamination by an automated blood culture analyzer. AB - Twenty-three episodes of pseudobacteremia occurring over a seven-month period were traced to cross-contamination by the automated blood culture analyzer (BACTEC 460) used in the microbiology laboratory. An epidemiologic investigation of an unusual cluster of three patients with pseudobacteremia caused by oxacillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus led to the identification of the problem. Mock trials of the blood culture procedure confirmed that the blood culture analyzer was the source of contamination. After the needle sterilizer was replaced by the manufacturer, the problem of cross-contamination abated. Contamination of sterile blood cultures by an instrument intended to identify bacteremia rapidly may lead to incorrect diagnosis, unnecessary administration of antibiotics and prolonged hospitalization. Because of the widespread use of automated blood culture analyzers in the US, physicians, microbiologists, and infection control personnel should be alert to the possibility of cross-contamination and the subtle way in which it may present. PMID- 6559769 TI - Recommendations for the care of automated peritoneal dialysis machines: can the risk of peritonitis be reduced? AB - Automated peritoneal dialysis systems have helped make intermittent peritoneal dialysis an alternative to hemodialysis for long-term management of patients with end-stage renal disease. However, if not cleaned and maintained properly, these machines provide a reservoir for pathogens. The microbiologic barriers in these machines are not impenetrable, but sterile dialysate fluid can be produced if the machines are adequately cleaned and disinfected. Potential shortcomings of the microbiologic barriers are discussed, and guidelines to prevent contamination of the internal parts of a machine are suggested. PMID- 6559771 TI - Legal aspects of antibiotic audit. PMID- 6559770 TI - Longitudinal analysis of endemic gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant gram negative bacilli in a community hospital. AB - The epidemiology of endemic gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant gram-negative bacilli at a community hospital was analyzed over a one-year period three years following an original analysis at the same hospital. The frequency and distribution of resistant organisms remained stable over the time spanning the two studies. Only 2.8% of all gram-negative bacilli were resistant to gentamicin or tobramycin, and the majority of resistant isolates were non Enterobacteriaceae. The respiratory and urinary tracts remained the body sites most prone to harbor resistant organisms. Risk analysis using a matched comparison group again revealed prior treatment with an aminoglycoside to be the only significant factor pre-disposing to acquisition of resistant gram-negative bacilli. This analysis indicates that community hospitals may not be important reservoirs of endemic aminoglycoside-resistant gram-negative bacilli, and reconfirms the observation that each hospital must define its own pattern of aminoglycoside resistance and unique risk factors. PMID- 6559772 TI - Pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial agents. AB - The use of formulas or nomograms is not a substitute for or in conflict with measurement of drug levels. We are always obligated to use the best available strategy in choosing a loading and maintenance dose. We must likewise measure and use serum levels for drugs with a narrow therapeutic margin, drugs administered for a long duration of time, and when there is uncertainty about a drug's kinetics. (The classic example is a patient on an aminoglycoside for more than three days, elderly or in renal failure). PMID- 6559773 TI - Employee health and the infection control practitioner--why bother? PMID- 6559774 TI - Prevention is a state of mind. HVA Conference 1983. 'Statistics are people with the tears wiped off' - the Korner Report and Community Services. PMID- 6559775 TI - Reye's syndrome: a devastating childhood illness. PMID- 6559776 TI - Nurse on jury duty. PMID- 6559777 TI - Hearing screening by health visitors: a critical appraisal of the distraction test. PMID- 6559778 TI - The scandal of late diagnosis of deafness in children. PMID- 6559779 TI - Which three year olds need speech therapy? Uses of the Levett-Muir language screening test. PMID- 6559780 TI - Health visitors and the unemployed. PMID- 6559781 TI - The couple at Gorse Cottage. PMID- 6559782 TI - Gifted children--how to help in the pre-school years. PMID- 6559783 TI - Recording health visitor-client interaction in home visits. PMID- 6559784 TI - Health visitor manpower survey 1979-1981. PMID- 6559785 TI - Early fetal damage--can it be prevented? PMID- 6559786 TI - Health education sessions on early antenatal and pre-conceptual health: a pilot study. PMID- 6559787 TI - An orange a day keeps the scurvy away. PMID- 6559788 TI - Food habits of 15-25 year olds. I. Dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of young women. PMID- 6559789 TI - Cardiovascular nursing research: past, present, and future. AB - This review has suggested that while study methodology may be improving, the topics investigated have been largely content poor and have not contributed to theory development or to the advancement of a science of cardiovascular nursing. This, in essence, should be the focus of future work. PMID- 6559790 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism: analysis of 220 patients with special emphasis on familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. PMID- 6559791 TI - A one-year mortality study of the most acutely ill patients in a medical-surgical intensive care unit: toward developing a model for selection of recipients of intensive care. AB - This study over a 1-year period of time in a medical-surgical ICU in a large metropolitan teaching hospital was conducted to determine the mortality rate among a select group of acutely ill patients. By operational definition the acutely ill patients included in this study were those who were admitted to the medical-surgical ICU and treated with at least two out of three of the following: MA-1 ventilator, flow-directed balloon-tipped catheter, and vasopressor(s). Of 158 patients in the study, 117 died during hospitalization. The personnel in this oversubscribed unit were constantly faced with the decision of who should and who should not be admitted and who should be transferred out. Statistics on intensive care management are converted into daily costs for intensive care for those who did and did not survive. Model building is discussed as a process necessary in determining who shall receive intensive care and who shall not. The basic premise for conducting the study was that decisions regarding who shall receive care that is expensive and in limited supply should be based on facts to the extent that they can be elucidated. PMID- 6559792 TI - The effect of backrest elevation on pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in patients after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6559793 TI - Caregiver disruptions and sleep of high-risk infants. PMID- 6559795 TI - The effects of lateral body positioning on measurements of pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery wedge pressures. PMID- 6559794 TI - Cumulative effects of three sequential endotracheal suctioning episodes in the dog model. PMID- 6559796 TI - Variables present in patients who are either resuscitated or not resuscitated in a medical intensive care unit. PMID- 6559797 TI - A new therapeutic approach in fibrinolytic therapy: intracoronary streptokinase. AB - Although it is certain that thrombolytic therapy is effective in achieving reperfusion in an acutely thrombosed coronary artery, the ability of such restoration of flow to preserve myocardial function must be demonstrated. It must also be determined if the gains in contractile function are of sufficient magnitude to reduce morbidity and deaths after infarction. The patient population that can potentially benefit from this procedure is largely unknown. However, it is certain that the institution of thrombolytic therapy must begin in the early hours of acute infarction. The vast majority of patients with MI are cared for in hospitals that do not perform cardiac catheterizations. Thus the question of efficacy of intravenous fibrinolytic therapy is very important. Randomized clinical trials are already in progress and answers to important questions are forthcoming. PMID- 6559799 TI - Acute tubular necrosis--pathophysiology and treatment. PMID- 6559798 TI - The adult leukemia patient in the intensive care unit. AB - Care of the patient with leukemia in the critical care setting is a demanding job. Nurses must be involved in the treatment of infection, hemorrhage, and respiratory failure, problems with which they are familiar. In addition to these complications, however, they must also gain expertise in hematology, cancer chemotherapy, and the leukemic process. The task is not an easy one but this article has attempted to cover the basic knowledge about the disease, its treatment, and major complications. It is hoped that this information will allow the critical care nurse to function more confidently when caring for the adult patient with leukemia. PMID- 6559800 TI - Cardiographic conundrum. An electrocardiographic study. PMID- 6559801 TI - Mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardia. AB - One of several mechanisms may be responsible for the arrhythmia in patients with attacks of SVT. When conventional therapy is ineffective in preventing the attacks and when the attacks occur frequently, then electrophysiologic studies should be performed. These studies help determine the mechanism of the arrhythmia and provide the means for testing antiarrhythmic drugs for prophylactic use. When drugs fail, sophisticated, specially designed antiarrhythmic pacemakers can be used when the electrophysiologic mechanisms are known. PMID- 6559802 TI - Will critical care nursing survive? PMID- 6559803 TI - Nursing diagnosis: framework, process, and problems. PMID- 6559804 TI - Choices. Moral and ethical issues involved with life-support equipment when used in the home. PMID- 6559805 TI - Non-personhood: a nursing diagnosis in the psycho-social realm. PMID- 6559806 TI - Documentation: one of the ultimate challenges in home health care. PMID- 6559807 TI - Nursing's responsibility in promoting the use of car safety seats for children. PMID- 6559808 TI - Implementing a nursing diagnosis system through research: the New Jersey experience. PMID- 6559809 TI - Pre- and post operative rehabilitation exercises for the mastectomy patient. PMID- 6559810 TI - Retreats from reality and pre-treatment education. PMID- 6559811 TI - Unmasking A.I.D.S. PMID- 6559812 TI - Day-care diseases. PMID- 6559813 TI - For rural nurses only? Or nurses everywhere? PMID- 6559814 TI - Blood disorders in children. PMID- 6559815 TI - An overview of anemia in children. PMID- 6559816 TI - Iron deficiency anemia in children. PMID- 6559817 TI - Sickle cell anemia in children. PMID- 6559818 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura in children. PMID- 6559819 TI - [From Swedish Midwifery Society's study days. Prenatal diagnosis - ethical problems and the midwife's role]. PMID- 6559820 TI - [Scholarship report. Continuity of care in childbirth - Exemplified by Oxford]. PMID- 6559821 TI - [Scholarship report. Study trip to Finnish Lapland]. PMID- 6559822 TI - An antisuppressor mutation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe affects the post transcriptional modification of the "wobble" base in the anticodon of tRNAs. AB - The screening of antisuppressor mutants of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been successfully accomplished with high resolution liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of tRNA nucleosides. Antisuppressor mutations reduce or abolish the function of nonsense suppressor-tRNAs or other informational suppressors. Nonradioactive or 35S-labeled unfractionated tRNA from various strains was digested to nucleosides and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The mutant sin3 has lost the nucleoside 5-(methoxycarbonylmethyl) 2-thiouridine from its tRNA in comparison to parental strains. In eukaryotes this nucleoside is found at the first position of the anticodon (wobble position) in several isoacceptor tRNAs that preferentially recognize codons ending with adenosine. The sin3 mutation reduces the efficiency of UGA and UAA suppressor tRNASer and suppressor tRNALeu. The genetic cosegregation of modification loss, antisuppressor phenotype, and a change in cell size is demonstrated. This indicates that a single mutation in the structural gene for a tRNA modification enzyme causes the three different phenotypes. PMID- 6559823 TI - Data processing for radioimmunoassay standard curve using microcomputer: a new BASIC program for weighted logit-log transformation. AB - A new BASIC program of the weighted linear, quadratic and cubic logit-log regression methods for data processing of radioimmunoassay standard curve was developed using a microcomputer. Using this program, three regression analyses are calculated and the table for root mean square of residuals in each regression are shown for the selection of the regression method. The data of three radioimmunoassays of human pancreatic enzymes and pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor were examined by this program and compared with those processed by the four parameter logistic method. The weighted cubic logit-log regression showed better fit in radioimmunoassays of human pancreatic enzymes with larger molecular weights. The present program is useful and practicable for its simplicity and accuracy. PMID- 6559824 TI - Specialty practice and generic goals: a case for collaboration. PMID- 6559825 TI - Comparison of the wet-to-dry dressing and a copolymer starch in the management of debrided pressure sores. PMID- 6559826 TI - IAET strategic planning report: Part VII. PMID- 6559827 TI - Clinical rounds. Stoma complications. PMID- 6559828 TI - Product report. Creams. PMID- 6559829 TI - Retained mucocutaneous absorbable suture material. PMID- 6559830 TI - Rehabilitation concepts of nursing (continuing education). PMID- 6559831 TI - Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors and their inhibitors in critically ill patients. AB - In a search for new variables, for the diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and for guidelines of therapy in such conditions, 22 severely ill patients were studied. The diagnosis of DIC was based on determinations of platelet counts, prothrombin complex (Normotest), antithrombin (AT), fibrinogen degradation products and fibrinogen. Nine patients were diagnosed as having DIC, eight patients were referred to a suspected DIC group and five to a group of no DIC. The laboratory findings were found to agree with the clinical status. In addition several new parameters were investigated: factor XII, prekallikrein, Simplastin A--another prothrombin complex factor method, factor X, plasminogen (PLG), antiplasmin (AP) and kallikrein inhibitors (KI). Platelet counts, prothrombin complex and antithrombin were mostly pathological in DIC-patients. Of the alternative tests prothrombin complex, fibrinopeptide A and the kallikrein inhibitor as well as the two tests for fibrinolysis (PLG and AP) were significantly altered in DIC-patients. The inhibitor capacity (AT, APV and KI) was lower in patients who died than in survivors and decreased still further in those of the non-survivors who had DIC. Thus the inhibitors can be used as predictors of outcome and hopefully for guiding therapy. To establish the diagnosis of DIC we suggest measurement of platelet count, prothrombin complex, plasminogen as well as of the inhibitors. PMID- 6559832 TI - Adolescents with congenital heart disease reaching childbearing years. PMID- 6559833 TI - A comparison of perceived and demonstrated maternal role competence of adolescent mothers. PMID- 6559834 TI - Assessment of adolescent mother-infant attachment. PMID- 6559835 TI - Integrative critical-care nursing for neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 6559836 TI - The second high-risk birth: impact on maternal dyadic adjustment. PMID- 6559837 TI - Perinatal asphyxia and neonatal hypoglycemia: the importance of nursing management. PMID- 6559838 TI - Does reality orientation work? PMID- 6559839 TI - Insight, reminiscence, denial, projection: coping mechanisms of the aged. PMID- 6559840 TI - Promoting self esteem. PMID- 6559841 TI - The supporting cast: wives of COPD patients. PMID- 6559842 TI - Facets of dementia. PMID- 6559843 TI - Suction lipectomy. PMID- 6559844 TI - EKG of the month: complete AV block with idiojunctional pacemaker. PMID- 6559845 TI - Hypothermia and cardiac arrest in the treatment of giant aneurysms. PMID- 6559846 TI - Nursing management of a patient with a subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Nursing care of the aneurysm patient is as demanding as any challenge the neuro unit can offer. Because these patients are extremely ill with major neurological deficits, close observation of their neurological status and its many physiologic parameters is demanded. Monitoring the patient's status and helping to prevent complications related to re-bleed and vasospasm are critical. Assisting the patient and his family to cope with the many problems presented during his hospitalization provides many stressors to the neurology staff nurse. A multi disciplinary approach to the long-term care of this patient helps to reduce stress for the neurology nursing staff and optimizes the benefits for the cerebral aneurysm patient. PMID- 6559847 TI - Neuropsychological abnormalities associated with severe head injury. PMID- 6559848 TI - Personal needs of family members of critically ill patients with and without acute brain injury. PMID- 6559849 TI - Cerebral contusion: a prototype for head injury. AB - Cerebral contusions occur as a result of traumatic head injury. These lesions may consist of tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, and edema. The patient with a cerebral contusion is at risk to develop increased ICP and brain tissue displacement that may cause a rapid deterioration in his clinical condition. PMID- 6559850 TI - A new approach in epidural intracranial pressure monitoring. PMID- 6559851 TI - Master's programs preparing nursing administrators. What are the essential components? AB - To identify the best educational preparation for nursing administrators the author surveyed recent graduates of nine graduate schools of nursing, one school of public health with a graduate program in nursing, and their employers. She reports that graduates of programs emphasizing management and administrative skills are better prepared for administrative roles than are graduates of clinical specialist programs. She argues for increasing the management, financial, labor relations, and other administrative components of graduate school curricula. PMID- 6559852 TI - The nurse labor market. AB - The national shortage of nurses, which grew to crisis proportions in many communities in the late 1970s, has subsided. Recent evidence suggests that hospital nurse vacancy and turnover rates have declined significantly since 1979. The recent swift reversal in the availability of nurses, from shortage to waiting lists in some hospitals, has taken many by surprise. It also raises the possibility that greater understanding of the factors that influence the market for nurses might make it possible to avert future shortages. PMID- 6559853 TI - A model for advanced nursing practice. AB - What is advanced nursing practice? How can the nurse administrator decide when to employ advanced nurse practitioners? The author suggests a way for differentiating basic from advanced nursing practice. She also identifies conditions that may influence decisions about employing advanced nurse practitioners. Examples of application to situations are provided. PMID- 6559854 TI - Job satisfaction. Assumptions and complexities. AB - It has long been assumed that job satisfaction relates to employee turnover and quality of care. In this article the difficulties of measuring job satisfaction are discussed in light of results from a 6-month assessment by nurse employees in a university-affiliated acute care hospital. The authors found that job satisfaction scores were significantly predicted by respondents' job expectations and the importance they placed on various components of the work situation. The authors conclude that job satisfaction measurement is most valid and reliable when these two predictors are taken into account. PMID- 6559855 TI - Why aren't there more significant automated nursing information systems? AB - This article answers the question posed in the title. The author maintains the following factors must exist if a significant computerized nursing information system is to prove successful in clinical settings: a) a strong leader whose training includes research and computer sciences; b) a "good idea" that is practical, researchable, and will attract support; c) a data base amenable to computer manipulation; d) adequate resources, including administrative support, money, hardware, personnel, and authority; and e) successful implementation of the system. PMID- 6559856 TI - Nurse-midwifery intrapartum management. PMID- 6559857 TI - Licensed lay midwifery in Arizona. PMID- 6559858 TI - Characteristics associated with perineal condition in an alternative birth center. PMID- 6559859 TI - A comparison of two bearing-down techniques during the second stage of labor. PMID- 6559860 TI - A workshop for trainers of traditional birth attendants in Zaire. PMID- 6559861 TI - Postadolescent onset male anorexia. PMID- 6559863 TI - Interview. Psych nursing in Great Britain. PMID- 6559862 TI - Informed consent and the deinstitutionalized patient. PMID- 6559864 TI - Being gay. Helping clients to cope. PMID- 6559865 TI - Vietnam. The human fallout. PMID- 6559866 TI - Interview: 26 years in psych nursing. PMID- 6559867 TI - The paranoid fortress of David J. PMID- 6559868 TI - The development of slit lamp biomicroscopy. PMID- 6559869 TI - Basic slit lamp techniques. PMID- 6559870 TI - Advanced slit lamp techniques with an understanding of pathology. PMID- 6559871 TI - The slit lamp biomicroscope in the contact lens examination. PMID- 6559873 TI - [Trial at continued obstetrical ambulatory nursing of patients having puerperal problems with their breasts]. PMID- 6559872 TI - [Reevaluation of the observation of the normal puerperal course]. PMID- 6559874 TI - [Relationship between breast feeding as the main source of infant nutrition and hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 6559875 TI - [Teenage mothers on isolated islands of the Okinawa Prefecture]. PMID- 6559876 TI - [Intrauterine fetal distress in one of the twins: a nursing study]. PMID- 6559877 TI - [Introduction to research survey methods. 19. ABC of personal computers. 1]. PMID- 6559878 TI - [Introduction do obstetric endocrinology. 7. Methods for treatment of premature labor]. PMID- 6559879 TI - [Hawaii report. A lesson in AIDS hysteria]. PMID- 6559880 TI - [Suggestion of promotion of breast feeding: with special reference to the problem concerning distribution of free samples of commercial infant milk]. PMID- 6559881 TI - [Importance of maternal transport (3)]. PMID- 6559882 TI - [Natural childbirth as the basis of obstetrics]. PMID- 6559883 TI - [Childbirth education: a nursing viewpoint. Response to a new publication, "Childbirth Education". A discussion]. PMID- 6559884 TI - [Research survey. 20. Introduction to the personnel computer. 2]. PMID- 6559886 TI - [Hawaii report. Sexual maturation and chronological age]. PMID- 6559885 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 8. Hormone receptors]. PMID- 6559887 TI - [The importance of maternal transport. (4)]. PMID- 6559888 TI - [Recent studies on breast feeding of premature infants: literature from overseas]. PMID- 6559889 TI - [Gynecologic and obstetric nursing and women in the climacteric]. PMID- 6559890 TI - [Study on the timing of clamping the umbilical cord and the hematological data]. PMID- 6559891 TI - [Reflection on the first year of activities at the neonatal intensive care unit]. PMID- 6559892 TI - [Timing of the start of breast feeding of extremely premature infants]. PMID- 6559893 TI - [Percutaneous bilirubin analysis--factors affecting the reading, and keypoints in its determination]. PMID- 6559894 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 9. Clinical application of hormone receptor research]. PMID- 6559895 TI - [Hawaii report. Hawaiians vs Japanese Americans: differences in their attitudes toward reproduction]. PMID- 6559896 TI - [My point of view. Women's health as a woman's social problem: impressions of an overseas' seminar on women's problems in the United States by a representative from Yokahama]. PMID- 6559897 TI - [Impressions of the Congress of the Japanese Society of Midwifery: the importance of primary care]. PMID- 6559899 TI - [Perinatal medical engineering: current status and future trends]. PMID- 6559898 TI - [Resuscitation of the newborn]. PMID- 6559900 TI - [Ethical dilemmas in perinatal care: with special reference to the fetus, newborn infant and human rights]. PMID- 6559901 TI - [The modern age and cesarean section]. PMID- 6559902 TI - [Nursing and management of patients undergoing cesarean section]. PMID- 6559903 TI - [Mother-child relations at delivery by cesarean section]. PMID- 6559904 TI - [Management and nursing of a child delivered by cesarean section]. PMID- 6559905 TI - [Midwives' responses to patients' apprehension and questions concerning cesarean section]. PMID- 6559906 TI - [The mother's self esteem after a cesarean delivery]. PMID- 6559907 TI - [The Dutch midwifery-training, different?]. PMID- 6559908 TI - [Introduction to research surveys. 15. Specificity of the location]. PMID- 6559909 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 3. Maintenance of pregnancy and the onset of labor (2). Labor onset--a signal from the fetus]. PMID- 6559910 TI - [Pregnancy, women and smoking. 3. Effects of smoking on the mother and the child]. PMID- 6559911 TI - [Non-immunologic hydrops fetalis. 2]. PMID- 6559912 TI - [Child rearing and the midwifery profession]. PMID- 6559913 TI - [Basis of nursing in the delivery room]. PMID- 6559914 TI - [The midwife as a partner; expectations of a physician]. PMID- 6559915 TI - [Importance of medical information in midwifery]. PMID- 6559916 TI - [Nursing records in the delivery room: a record to meet the needs of patients]. PMID- 6559917 TI - [Nursing response to anxiety of the patient at delivery: with special reference to the husband's presence at delivery]. PMID- 6559919 TI - [My experience in childbirth]. PMID- 6559918 TI - [My personal experiences in delivery at 2 totally different facilities]. PMID- 6559920 TI - [Home study of the Lamaze method, motivation for its continuation, and its effect]. PMID- 6559921 TI - [A proposal: primary nursing for the mother-baby dyad]. PMID- 6559922 TI - [Introduction to research survey methods. 18. Clinical tests]. PMID- 6559923 TI - [Hawaii report: coming out]. PMID- 6559925 TI - [Nursing actions for the aged: the keypoints in modern geriatric nursing]. PMID- 6559924 TI - [Importance of maternal transport]. PMID- 6559926 TI - [Definition of self care by the aged]. PMID- 6559927 TI - [Reflections on past trends in geriatric nursing: lack of understanding of the aged]. PMID- 6559928 TI - [From silence and refusal of the nursing action to its acceptance: a psychological process of the aged--a true meaning of the patient response]. PMID- 6559930 TI - [Problems of modern health care and geriatric nursing]. PMID- 6559929 TI - [An attempt at filling the gap between the attitude of the patient and that of the nurse]. PMID- 6559931 TI - [Including factors other than ADL in the objectives of geriatric nursing]. PMID- 6559932 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of cancer. A patient who was dissatisfied with the therapeutic actions and forced disclosure of the nature of his illness]. PMID- 6559933 TI - [Bedside nursing. ICU syndrome: factors concerning the patient and the medical personnel]. PMID- 6559934 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing at a ward for epileptic patients]. PMID- 6559936 TI - [Life on a psychiatric ward. 11. Transfer to another assignment and a start of the second phase of life]. PMID- 6559935 TI - [Problems in blood pressure reading: discrepancies due to methods of attaching the cuff]. PMID- 6559937 TI - [Behavioral medicine. 7. Communication with the patient]. PMID- 6559938 TI - [Clinical medicine and alcoholism. 11. The relationship between alcohol drinking and carcinogenesis]. PMID- 6559939 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 8. Exercise therapy]. PMID- 6559940 TI - [Understanding of patients by the Balint method. 11. A case of alopecia areata: extension of the care]. PMID- 6559941 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Kimiko Saito who is engaged in continuing nursing in a pediatric hemodialysis unit]. PMID- 6559942 TI - [Report from Nepal. 11. Wedding in Nepal]. PMID- 6559944 TI - [Definition of the ICU syndrome: an interview]. PMID- 6559943 TI - [Outpatient nursing: report from Shioda Clinic. 11. Economic independence of a diabetic patient who was formerly receiving social welfare support]. PMID- 6559945 TI - [Effects of the ICU environment on patients]. PMID- 6559946 TI - [ICU syndrome: my interpretation]. PMID- 6559947 TI - [Nursing approach based on the analysis of complaints by patients in the ICU]. PMID- 6559949 TI - [Approach to the family of patients in the ICU]. PMID- 6559948 TI - [Study of the etiology of postoperative mental disturbances and experimental nursing approach to the patients]. PMID- 6559950 TI - [Reevaluation of the improvement of health education for diabetics by the analysis of each interactive scene]. PMID- 6559951 TI - [Life with patients: activities on a psychiatric ward. 12. Support by patients]. PMID- 6559952 TI - [Behavioral medicine. 8. The problem of compliance by patients]. PMID- 6559953 TI - [Clinical aspects of alcohol drinking. 12. Sensible method of drinking]. PMID- 6559954 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 9. Oral hypoglycemic agents]. PMID- 6559955 TI - [Understanding of patients by the Balint method. 12. Balint method: its application in wide areas]. PMID- 6559956 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Hiroko Mishima who works at a clinic on a distant island]. PMID- 6559957 TI - [A visit to Nepal. 12. Going home and a new start as a wife of a Nepalese]. PMID- 6559958 TI - [Ambulatory nursing: a report from Shioda Clinic. 12. Practice of regional nursing with a pioneer spirit]. PMID- 6559959 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 1. Focal point in bioethics]. PMID- 6559960 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Shizue Kitamura, a former nursing supervisor who transferred to be a staff nurse]. PMID- 6559961 TI - [Observations on geriatric care in the United States. 1]. PMID- 6559962 TI - [Emergency care at St. Jude Hospital]. PMID- 6559963 TI - [Language and body language in life: study on the nature of language and misunderstanding in nursing]. PMID- 6559964 TI - [Recognition of misunderstanding and nursing interactions]. PMID- 6559965 TI - [Nursing interactions with patients in a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6559966 TI - [Importance of "listening" besides "observing": misunderstanding in human interactions]. PMID- 6559967 TI - [Misunderstanding in nursing incidents: examples in the field of neurosurgery]. PMID- 6559968 TI - [Nursing misunderstanding in a clinical incident: in ADL training of a child with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6559969 TI - [Misunderstanding in nursing incidents: a lesson from a patient with frequent complaints on a single subject]. PMID- 6559970 TI - [Bedside nursing. Lessons in the care of a patient who passed away at home]. PMID- 6559971 TI - [Bedside nursing. Survey of items to be entered in the nursing record in patient transfer]. PMID- 6559972 TI - [Significance of recreational activities in clinical training in psychiatry]. PMID- 6559973 TI - [Report on home nursing. 1. Home nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of cancer and requiring varied types of treatment]. PMID- 6559974 TI - [Continuous learning process in nursing: a comment by a nursing supervisor]. PMID- 6559975 TI - [Behavioral medicine and habits]. PMID- 6559976 TI - [Problems concerning brain death and vegetative state. 1. Determination of death]. PMID- 6559978 TI - [Standard nursing diagnosis using a stethoscope: an experience at a university hospital in the United States]. PMID- 6559977 TI - [Diagnosis using a stethoscope]. PMID- 6559979 TI - [Use of a stethoscope in a general ward]. PMID- 6559980 TI - [Use of the stethoscope in nursing activities at the ICU]. PMID- 6559981 TI - [Observation of children using a stethoscope]. PMID- 6559982 TI - [Use of a stethoscope in home nursing activities]. PMID- 6559983 TI - [Bedside nursing. Psychiatric symptoms of patients in the CCU, with special reference to anxiety and delirium]. PMID- 6559984 TI - [Bedside nursing. Evaluation of psychiatric symptoms in patients with myocardial infarction in the CCU]. PMID- 6559985 TI - [Bedside nursing. Trial counseling of a patient with myocardial infarction to promote self-care capability]. PMID- 6559986 TI - [Report on home nursing. 2. Explanation of the sphere of interaction with people to local areas]. PMID- 6559987 TI - [Behavioral medicine. 10. Behavioral approach in medical care]. PMID- 6559988 TI - [Problems concerning brain death and the vegetative state. 2. Brain death (1)]. PMID- 6559989 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 11. Determination of the blood sugar level of the patient. Training the patient]. PMID- 6559991 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Yoshiko Oishi, a visiting nurse associated with hospice service]. PMID- 6559990 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 2. "Please, let me die": the case of Mr. Dax]. PMID- 6559992 TI - [Geriatric care in the United States. 2. Changing trends in medical insurance and geriatric care]. PMID- 6559993 TI - [Nursing licensure system and related educational systems in the United States]. PMID- 6559994 TI - [Clinical aspects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6559995 TI - [Nurse's role in introducing the patient to and instructing him in CAPD]. PMID- 6559996 TI - [A survey of medical instruction sources concerning chronic renal failure, patient's life style and home care. 1]. PMID- 6559998 TI - [Sexuality and the female ostomate; patient-to-patient advice]. PMID- 6559997 TI - [Disturbance of consciousness caused by stroke]. PMID- 6559999 TI - [Pathophysiology and management after proctocolectomy or total colectomy]. PMID- 6560000 TI - [Management of tube fixation and drainage for the patient undergoing digestive organ dissection]. PMID- 6560001 TI - [A survey on the dietary formula and dietary habits of the gastrectomized patient]. PMID- 6560002 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with an ileus as complication after gastrectomy]. PMID- 6560003 TI - [Nursing care of patients with urination troubles after resection for rectal cancer]. PMID- 6560004 TI - [Postoperative nursing care of the patient after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6560005 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with total pancreatectomy]. PMID- 6560006 TI - [Improving nursing materials and tools]. PMID- 6560007 TI - [Clinical aspects of the esophagogastrectomized patient and its management]. PMID- 6560008 TI - [Aspects of sexual life in myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6560009 TI - [What the surgical indication is and how to decide it]. PMID- 6560010 TI - [Developments in monitoring devices]. PMID- 6560011 TI - [Recent advances in blood transfusion - blood component therapy]. PMID- 6560012 TI - [Surgical procedures of craniotomy in operative nursing]. PMID- 6560013 TI - [Plastic and reconstructive surgery of the face and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560014 TI - [Characteristics of oral surgery and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560015 TI - [Surgery of pharynx and larynx and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560016 TI - [Thoracic incision and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560017 TI - [Laparotomy and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560018 TI - [Surgical treatment of an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560019 TI - [Surgical procedures in orthopedic surgery and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560020 TI - [Urological surgery and nursing procedures in urologic operations]. PMID- 6560021 TI - [Surgical treatment in gynecology and nursing procedures]. PMID- 6560022 TI - [Ophthalmic surgery and operative nursing care]. PMID- 6560023 TI - [Improving the operative nursing record]. PMID- 6560024 TI - [Study of current phenomena in childbirth]. PMID- 6560025 TI - [Indications for lobectomy]. PMID- 6560026 TI - [Status and management following pulmonary resection]. PMID- 6560027 TI - [Renewed nursing standards for the patient adapted to lobectomy]. PMID- 6560028 TI - [Nursing care of the patient adapted to lobectomy with special reference to sputum elimination]. PMID- 6560029 TI - [Patients' response to early mobilization following lobectomy]. PMID- 6560030 TI - [Nursing care of patients undergoing lung lobectomy and home care instructions]. PMID- 6560031 TI - [Postoperative nursing care of the patient adapted to total pneumonectomy with complications of cardiovascular and respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6560032 TI - [Pre and postoperative nursing care of the patient adapted to lobectomy with complication of hypertension]. PMID- 6560033 TI - [Early rooming-in care and mothers' satisfaction]. PMID- 6560034 TI - [Factors responsible for abortion]. PMID- 6560036 TI - [Night hospital therapy of severe bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6560035 TI - [Liver cancer and hepatitis B]. PMID- 6560037 TI - [Masker therapy of tinnitus]. PMID- 6560038 TI - [Multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6560039 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of peritonitis]. PMID- 6560040 TI - [Nursing care of the CAPD patient with complication of peritonitis]. PMID- 6560041 TI - [Aspects of semi-clean room utilization for lung cancer patients under chemotherapy, and nursing care]. PMID- 6560042 TI - [A survey of medical instruction sources concerning renal failure patients' life style and home care. 2]. PMID- 6560043 TI - [Dealing with emergency care. Abdominal pain and acute abdomen]. PMID- 6560044 TI - [Looking at the tube... and we don't mean T.V]. PMID- 6560045 TI - Epidural anesthesia in labor. Various agents employed. AB - Nursing literature concerned with epidural anesthesia in obstetrics is scant and does not offer a synopsis of the pharmacology of local anesthetic agents employed in epidural block. A comprehensive review of the pharmacology and clinical uses of the common agents used in obstetrical epidural anesthesia is presented. Implications for nursing care are also described. PMID- 6560046 TI - Expanding the nurse's role through formal assessment of the neonate. AB - At Medical Center Hospital of Vermont a program was designed and implemented to expand the nurse's role through formal assessment and documentation of the neonate. Assessment criteria from NAACOG's Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing Functions and Standards were used to develop new Newborn Nursery Standards. The staff prepared for the expanded role through inservice programs that were videotaped for future orientation of new staff members. Over one year after implementation of the new standards, the nursing staff is functioning easily in its expanded role. PMID- 6560047 TI - Infant car seat usage. Effectiveness of a postpartum educational program. AB - A study, based on the social learning theory model and designed to assess the effect of a postpartum educational program on mothers' use of infant car seats at the time of discharge was conducted. The control group consisted of data for 92 mothers obtained by recording their behavior at the time of discharge regarding their use of infant car seats and eight other related measures. The postpartum study group (90) was shown an educational slide/audio tape presentation followed by a question-and-answer period and demonstration of car seats. They were also given a shoppers' guide and a pamphlet of facts and pictures of car seats. Statistical significance was obtained on several measures. PMID- 6560048 TI - Postpartum depression. Identification of high-risk mothers. AB - Various types of puerperal depressions, symptoms exhibited, and factors that predispose women to develop postpartum depression are reviewed. A case example of a woman who experienced a postpartum depression is discussed. A prenatal checklist is presented to assist clinicians working in obstetrics in evaluating the risk of postpartum depression in their various clients. PMID- 6560049 TI - [Isolation from the viewpoint of the maternity hospital]. PMID- 6560050 TI - [A young family from the first pregnancy to the end of their child's first year of life]. PMID- 6560051 TI - [Autumn meeting in Mariehamn]. PMID- 6560052 TI - [Waterborne childbirth - a boon to mother and child]. PMID- 6560053 TI - [Modern methods in old England]. PMID- 6560054 TI - [Midwives' view of their clients]. PMID- 6560055 TI - [Aged hospitalized patients wanting to go home]. PMID- 6560056 TI - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan. Development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6560057 TI - [A proposition about giving birth in the bride's hometown]. PMID- 6560058 TI - [What nurses can do to help patients and families]. PMID- 6560059 TI - [Seeking a good friendship]. PMID- 6560060 TI - [Encouraging patients to express the desire to go home]. PMID- 6560061 TI - [When patients' conditions do not allow them to return home]. PMID- 6560063 TI - [Patients want to return home]. PMID- 6560062 TI - [How patients are cared for at home after discharge]. PMID- 6560064 TI - [Hospitality, hospital and home]. PMID- 6560065 TI - [A love letter to the nurses of Japan]. PMID- 6560066 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patients. Questions and answers surrounding death and nursing]. PMID- 6560067 TI - [Caring for mothers and babies - breast feeding stimulates normal development of babies]. PMID- 6560068 TI - [Spotlight: Tsuneko Kubota, entering into the nursing profession at the age of 47 and is now a public health nursing student]. PMID- 6560069 TI - [Sulfurization industry and cancer of the esophagus. Sunbathing and immunological effects]. PMID- 6560070 TI - [Immunotoxin treatment of cancer cells]. PMID- 6560071 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 1]. PMID- 6560072 TI - [Nursing legislation - to know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses. 6]. PMID- 6560074 TI - [Diabetic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6560073 TI - [Spotlight: Masako Ikewaki, PHN, devoted to health guidance for the aged on an island in the Inland Sea]. PMID- 6560075 TI - [Proceedings of the JNA Annual General Conference for 1983. Presidential address]. PMID- 6560076 TI - [Nursing diagnosis and the COPD patient]. PMID- 6560077 TI - [My experiences as a nursing student at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 2]. PMID- 6560078 TI - [Professional conference of public health nurses]. PMID- 6560079 TI - [Professional conference of nurses]. PMID- 6560080 TI - [On being hospitalized for the first time in my life]. PMID- 6560081 TI - [Special paper presentation at professional conference of nurses. "Tomorrow's Nursing"]. PMID- 6560082 TI - [Expectations for nursing. What we expect from Madonna]. PMID- 6560083 TI - [ILO recommendations and convention on nursing personnel - working hours of nursing]. PMID- 6560084 TI - [Expectations for nursing. My involvement with medical and health services]. PMID- 6560085 TI - [Expectations for nursing. My wife is a nurse]. PMID- 6560086 TI - [Who gets the blood specimen, nurse or technician?]. PMID- 6560087 TI - [Nursing for the patients]. PMID- 6560088 TI - [Expectations for nursing]. PMID- 6560089 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patients. 4. Questions and answers surrounding death and nursing]. PMID- 6560090 TI - [Nursing legislation. 7. To know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses - education]. PMID- 6560091 TI - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan. Development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6560093 TI - [Report of the JNA Professional Service Committee - Specialty areas of nursing]. PMID- 6560092 TI - [Utilization of nursing research]. PMID- 6560094 TI - [Nursing and social science studies]. PMID- 6560095 TI - [Does research contribute to nursing practice?]. PMID- 6560096 TI - [The effect of bathing on the body. Observed changes in body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure and oxygen consumption]. PMID- 6560097 TI - [Earthquake in the Middle Japan Sea - how nursing personnel dealt with the crisis]. PMID- 6560098 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patients. Care after death and nursing students]. PMID- 6560099 TI - [Spotlight: Shoko Sato, a nurse teaching exercises to the elderly]. PMID- 6560100 TI - [Catfish in Arabian Sea secretes gel to cure wounds. Plastic bombs and rubber bombs in Northern Ireland riots]. PMID- 6560101 TI - [Erythropoietin]. PMID- 6560102 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. ]. PMID- 6560103 TI - [Nursing legislation: to know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses. ]. PMID- 6560104 TI - Introduction to patient advocacy in nursing. PMID- 6560105 TI - Home health care - everyone wants a piece of the pie. PMID- 6560106 TI - Problems encountered by the aged Mexican-American in health care and hospitalization. PMID- 6560107 TI - [Nursing administration. Organization]. PMID- 6560108 TI - [Nursing administration. Group discussion]. PMID- 6560109 TI - [Nursing research and professional nursing]. PMID- 6560111 TI - [How to survive a heart attack]. PMID- 6560110 TI - [The 9th Seminar Nurses International Workshop]. PMID- 6560112 TI - [A literature review on socialization of the client]. PMID- 6560113 TI - [Building rapport through neurolinguistic programming]. PMID- 6560114 TI - [What is NLP (neurolinguistic programming)?]. PMID- 6560115 TI - [A study of obstetric characteristics of women with low-birth-weight infants]. PMID- 6560117 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration]. PMID- 6560116 TI - [Nursing administration. Planning]. PMID- 6560118 TI - [Catheterization of the urinary bladder/bladder irrigation]. PMID- 6560119 TI - [New self-help groups. Parents and children with leukemia and tumors are active together]. PMID- 6560120 TI - [The duty to secrecy]. PMID- 6560121 TI - [35-hour week in nursing?]. PMID- 6560123 TI - [Classical venereal diseases: syphilis]. PMID- 6560122 TI - [Causes, clinical aspects and therapy of hepatic coma]. PMID- 6560124 TI - [The hospital for child and adolescent psychiatry in the viewpoint of children and adolescent. Results of a follow-up interview]. PMID- 6560125 TI - [The computer as a tool for nursing care. How does nursing service administration avoid becoming a victim of the computer revolution?]. PMID- 6560126 TI - Perspectives on health of school-age children: expectations for the future. PMID- 6560127 TI - Effects of primary grades health curriculum project on student and parent smoking attitudes and behavior. AB - Family values regarding appropriate attitudes and behaviors are communicated to children from birth. Society's values begin to affect the child at an early age and as these change, so do children's beliefs and attitudes. A change in society's values toward smoking has been evidenced in the last decade by increased social sanctions against smoking and increased militancy of nonsmokers. This longitudinal Primary Grades Health Curriculum Project investigates the relationship between an activity-centered experiential health education program and: 1) positive health attitudes; 2) experimentation use and future expectancy to engage in cigarette smoking; and 3) changes in smoking behavior among the children's parents. Six hundred students in two New York school districts were pretested in their kindergarten year in 1977 on entry level of knowledge and attitudes about health. The results reported here from data collected at the end of third grade indicate that the experimental group possessed more positive attitudes about health, showed less exposure to experimentation with alcohol among their friends and less engagement in smoking cigarettes. A significant number of parents of experimental group students reported that they had changed their smoking habits since their child had entered school as a result of their children's health program. PMID- 6560128 TI - Implementation of the school nurse practitioner role: barriers and facilitators. AB - The purpose of this descriptive pilot study was to begin an exploration of the role determinants that facilitate or cause barriers to the implementation of the school nurse practitioner (SNP) role. Utilizing a two-step design, 16 SNPs from different school districts were surveyed to determine if their assignment included doing school physical exams. Thirteen indicated that they were functioning as SNPs. The three "no" districts were matched with three of the "yes" districts. An SNP, a school health administrator and a school physician from each district were interviewed individually using a structured questionnaire. The focus of the questions was on organizational structure of the school health services, indicators of administrative support for SNPs and the assigned function of the SNP. Responses were matched for the "yes" and "no" districts and for the three types of professionals. The major facilitator of SNP role implementation was if the idea had originated with the administrator or physician decision maker. Role change and boundary encroachment were the main barriers identified. PMID- 6560129 TI - Maximizing school health services in a time of fiscal restraint. AB - This case study reports a communitywide effort to reduce the fragmentation and duplication of child health services in Boston. Consensus was first reached on what basic health services should be offered and where--school or community--they would be most efficiently and effectively delivered. The planning group then developed strategies to coordinate a network for the delivery of these services. Implementation has begun. The Boston experience offers a mechanism to maximize school health services as available funding for them declines. PMID- 6560130 TI - Theoretical perspectives of holistic health. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to identify the fundamental theories of holism and holistic health. Two objectives of this study were: 1) to review selected Western 20th Century writings during the time period of 1925-1979 which reflected the concepts of holistic thought; and 2) to synthesize the basic principles of holistic thought from the literature. Four principles of holism and 12 components of holistic health were identified from a variety of fields of study. These 16 concepts represent the key ideas of holistic thought. An overview of holism and holistic health was presented followed by a discussion of each concept of holistic thought. The relationship of these concepts to health education was also briefly explored. PMID- 6560131 TI - Oregon Title IV-C curriculum development model Health Skills for Life: an example. PMID- 6560132 TI - Catheterization--a health procedure schools must be prepared to provide. AB - Clean, intermittent catheterization is a simple procedure to allow people with spina bifida, paraplegia and quadriplegia to empty their bladder. The courts have ruled that it must be provided to students who require it as a related service under Public Law 94-142. PMID- 6560133 TI - Pulmonary function testing in children with the airflometer. AB - Use of the airflometer (AFM) as an inexpensive apparatus for routine screening of pulmonary function has been hindered by the lack of established norms of AFM readings for young children. Using both the airflometer and the vitalograph, lung function was measured in 828 children, aged five to 11 years, randomly selected from six schools. Results indicate that girls aged five, 8-11 years have lower Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1, and AFM scores than boys. High correlations were observed between AFM units and FEV1 (0.93), between height and FEV1 (0.88), and between FVC (0.89) and AFM units (0.84). Regression equations are given to enable prediction of AFM from height and from age for boys and girls. Tables indicate scores that should be followed with further pulmonary function testing. A protocol is outlined to enable the airflometer to be used as a first level screening device. PMID- 6560134 TI - STD content in school health textbooks: an evaluation using the worth assessment procedure. AB - Classroom education is a key strategy to controlling sexually transmitted diseases in young persons. Textbooks are the major or sole source of STD information for many students. Thirteen secondary level health science textbooks and five sex education textbooks were reviewed to assess their potential contribution to STD control objectives. Worth assessment, a decision analysis tool for helping decision makers choose among complex or maltiattributed alternatives, was used to evaluate the STD content. The review indicated that sex education textbooks are more likely to contribute to STD control objectives than are health science textbooks. Health science textbooks failed to incorporate information on preventive health behaviors. Both types of textbooks present biomedical information primarily, which is generally free of significant errors. The worth assessment method proved to be a useful tool for evaluating the quality of textbook treatment in a specific content area. PMID- 6560135 TI - Study of the utilization and effects of temporary nursing services: executive summary. PMID- 6560136 TI - Computer corner. PMID- 6560137 TI - Flying for life. PMID- 6560138 TI - [Nursing shift and staffing--is there an optimum solution?]. PMID- 6560139 TI - [Nursing care needs and nursing shift]. PMID- 6560140 TI - [Working shift setting and respective team formation]. PMID- 6560141 TI - [How to solve problems of nursing shifts in the hospital]. PMID- 6560142 TI - [Nurse's dilemma in the care of the terminal-stage patient]. PMID- 6560143 TI - [Discussion about cultures of living]. PMID- 6560144 TI - [Instruction of student nurses' practice in Seirei Junior College. 2]. PMID- 6560145 TI - [Student nurses' image and experience of nurture]. PMID- 6560146 TI - [What student nurses learn from the interaction between mother and child]. PMID- 6560147 TI - [Organization of the health care system by the people]. PMID- 6560148 TI - [Significance of community participation in community health activities]. PMID- 6560149 TI - [Change to medicine on the people's own initiative]. PMID- 6560150 TI - [Nursing in primary health care: a framework for action]. PMID- 6560151 TI - [Change in the state of body and mind through T groups]. PMID- 6560152 TI - [Research in the human relations of nurses from the viewpoint of interpersonal conflict (1). Conceptual framework of the research]. PMID- 6560153 TI - [Survey of the services implemented by nurses in outpatient clinics and wards]. PMID- 6560154 TI - [Instruction of student nurses' practice in Seirei Junior College. 3]. PMID- 6560155 TI - [The teaching-learning method of patient education]. PMID- 6560156 TI - [Regionalization for community health services]. PMID- 6560157 TI - [Case studies of the school-leaving of 5 nursing students]. PMID- 6560158 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with pneumonia. Physiopathology of pneumonia]. PMID- 6560159 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with pneumonia. Diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia]. PMID- 6560160 TI - [Nursing process for patients with pneumonia]. PMID- 6560161 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with pneumonia. A case study]. PMID- 6560162 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with pneumonia. Discussion: evaluation of the process]. PMID- 6560163 TI - [Shampooing technics: the improvement of technics]. PMID- 6560164 TI - [Obstetrical nursing of a patient who delivered a child with cardiac anomalies]. PMID- 6560165 TI - [Basic postures and comfort of patients]. PMID- 6560166 TI - [Report from a maximum protection ward for male psychiatric patients. Attempt at enlarging life activity areas and continuation of therapeutic activities]. PMID- 6560167 TI - [Nursing of a patient with chronic rheumatoid arthritis associated with renal failure]. PMID- 6560168 TI - [Nursing of a markedly emaciated patient in the terminal stage of cancer]. PMID- 6560169 TI - [Oxygen inhalation therapy (3)--clinical methods]. PMID- 6560170 TI - [New media in the era of information revolution (6). From vacuum tubes to transistors]. PMID- 6560171 TI - [Test yourself: nursing of an aged patient with acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6560172 TI - "If you prick us, do we not bleed?": of Shylock, fetuses, and the concept of person in the law. PMID- 6560173 TI - Professional and agency liability for negligence in child protection. PMID- 6560174 TI - Reporting and review of patient care: the nurse's responsibility. PMID- 6560175 TI - Dilemma of Tarasoff: must physicians protect the public or their patients? PMID- 6560176 TI - Reporting incompetent physicians: a comparison of requirements in three states. PMID- 6560177 TI - Decisions about hospital staff privileges: a case for judicial deference. PMID- 6560178 TI - The living will from the nurse's perspective. PMID- 6560179 TI - Psychiatric malpractice in the 1980s: a look at some areas of concern. PMID- 6560180 TI - Entrepreneurial practice for nurses: an assessment of the issues. PMID- 6560181 TI - Entrepreneurial practice for nurses: a response to Hershey. PMID- 6560182 TI - Survey of legislation on third party reimbursement for nurses. PMID- 6560183 TI - Conflicting rights of privacy and the duty of disclosure between sexual partners. PMID- 6560184 TI - Standards of medical care based on consensus rather than evidence: the case of routine bedrail use for the elderly. PMID- 6560185 TI - Alzheimer's disease: a challenge to nursing and the home care system. PMID- 6560186 TI - Two years of wage peace? PMID- 6560188 TI - Back injuries in nurses: strategies for prevention. PMID- 6560187 TI - Australian Council of Trade Unions ACTU Congress 1983: occupational health and safety policy. PMID- 6560189 TI - The twentieth post basic course in gerontology and rehabilitation nursing. PMID- 6560190 TI - Education 1985: beware Health Ministers bearing gifts. PMID- 6560191 TI - Campaign update: some concessions, but the fight continues. PMID- 6560193 TI - IV therapy nurse upgraded at Hale. PMID- 6560192 TI - Future directions in health care and implications for nursing. PMID- 6560194 TI - Commission on Nursing Research successfully launches MAREDAC - a network for nursing research. PMID- 6560195 TI - How to start your own health related business. PMID- 6560196 TI - [Functional disorder of the central nervous system in thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 6560197 TI - [Diseases of the adrenal cortex in children]. PMID- 6560198 TI - [Diabetes insipidus]. PMID- 6560199 TI - [Obesity]. PMID- 6560200 TI - [Growth regulation and the hormonal therapy of growth disorders]. PMID- 6560201 TI - [Diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 6560202 TI - [Role of the nurse in performing prophylactic examinations]. PMID- 6560203 TI - [Work intensification experience in a department of therapeutic physical exercise]. PMID- 6560204 TI - [Head nurse of the hospital]. PMID- 6560205 TI - [Hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6560206 TI - [Autoimmune thyroiditis--Hashimoto's goiter]. PMID- 6560207 TI - Utilization of guidelines for investigation human rights problems/concerns. PMID- 6560208 TI - 10 years as a volunteer in Central America. PMID- 6560209 TI - Midwives' units - wishful thinking or reality? PMID- 6560210 TI - The return of the midwife? PMID- 6560211 TI - A personal approach to antenatal clinics. PMID- 6560212 TI - The initiation of breast feeding. PMID- 6560213 TI - Supporting breast feeding at home. PMID- 6560214 TI - Do we support breast-feeding mothers? PMID- 6560215 TI - Parents' birth survey. PMID- 6560216 TI - Nursing education improvements help decrease shortage of nurses. PMID- 6560217 TI - Physiological and psychosocial factors associated with long-term weight loss maintenance. PMID- 6560218 TI - "It's a wonderful profession". PMID- 6560219 TI - Update: the case. Missouri nurses make history. PMID- 6560220 TI - Impact of the Supreme Court case on rural health care. PMID- 6560221 TI - Post-reorganisation and how it affects theatre staff. PMID- 6560222 TI - A senior nurse's view of the reorganised Health Service. PMID- 6560224 TI - Colposcopy. PMID- 6560223 TI - Post reorganisation and how it affects theatre staff. PMID- 6560225 TI - Why didn't I do it before? PMID- 6560226 TI - Ethics, scarce resources, and the nurse executive. PMID- 6560227 TI - Impact of financing changes on academic health centers: a question of equity. PMID- 6560229 TI - Nurses-"high touch" entrepreneurs. PMID- 6560228 TI - Strategies for ending wage discrimination in nursing. PMID- 6560230 TI - Marketing as a health care concept. PMID- 6560231 TI - Nurse-midwives and competition: testing an assumption. PMID- 6560232 TI - Budgeting in community health agencies. PMID- 6560233 TI - Self-employment income: professional fees and tax considerations. PMID- 6560234 TI - Executive career planning. PMID- 6560236 TI - Decision makers and the ethics of responsibility. PMID- 6560235 TI - The Joseph P. Kennedy Jr. Foundation. PMID- 6560237 TI - Testimony of the American Nurses' Association on the Equal Rights Amendment. PMID- 6560238 TI - I CARE: parents helping parents. PMID- 6560239 TI - CEARP - why bother? PMID- 6560241 TI - Legal regulation of nursing practice. PMID- 6560240 TI - Help your heart: hostility and heart disease. PMID- 6560242 TI - Achieving independence: a unique setting for CAPD. PMID- 6560243 TI - Emergency training for dialysis personnel. PMID- 6560244 TI - Emphysematous pyelonephritis--a case report on a rare infection. PMID- 6560246 TI - Nephrology nutrition notes. Recipe corner: cranberries. PMID- 6560245 TI - Acute hemodialysis of a chronic dialysis patient without the use of anticoagulants. PMID- 6560247 TI - The system II--nonspike Beta Cap method for CAPD. PMID- 6560248 TI - An overview of nursing diagnosis and suggestions for use with chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6560249 TI - Reliability and validity of a quality assurance instrument for a renal dialysis unit. PMID- 6560250 TI - Home intravenous care. PMID- 6560251 TI - Images of nurses. Yesterday, today and tomorrow still caring. PMID- 6560252 TI - I.V. flow control. PMID- 6560253 TI - Intravenous therapy within the scope of home health services. PMID- 6560254 TI - A visit to the Peoples' Republic of China. An overview of their health care system. PMID- 6560255 TI - Extravasation. PMID- 6560256 TI - Nafcillin necrosis. PMID- 6560257 TI - Education for I.V. therapy certification. A community approach. PMID- 6560258 TI - Crisis aspects of test taking: how the teacher can help. PMID- 6560259 TI - Territoriality and prescriptive authority for nurse practitioners. PMID- 6560260 TI - Washington focus (National Institute of Nursing). PMID- 6560261 TI - Educators strive for unity. Interview by Kevin L. Morrissey. PMID- 6560263 TI - Building tents for nursing services through budgeting negotiation skills. PMID- 6560262 TI - The dean as mentor. PMID- 6560264 TI - On the scene: Sisters of Mercy Health Corporation. The development and implementation of a corporate patient classification system. PMID- 6560265 TI - A cost and staffing comparison of an all-RN staff and team nursing. PMID- 6560266 TI - The four Ps of billing, credit and collection for home health care agencies. PMID- 6560267 TI - Opening additional hospital beds during an acute nursing shortage: one hospital's response. PMID- 6560268 TI - Use of nursing hours in measuring hospital productivity. PMID- 6560269 TI - Staff reduction: the nursing administrator's role. PMID- 6560270 TI - Sharing: let your actions do the talking. PMID- 6560271 TI - Medication errors: always prepare an I.V. admixture before labeling the container. PMID- 6560273 TI - Where do you stand on the coding question? PMID- 6560272 TI - An in-depth look at deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 6560274 TI - For Billy, home is where the hurt is. PMID- 6560275 TI - P.V.D. Physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6560276 TI - Choosing the right infusion control device for your patient. PMID- 6560277 TI - Antilipemics. PMID- 6560278 TI - Turning the tide against acute pulmonary edema. PMID- 6560279 TI - The patient's right to cry. PMID- 6560281 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Caring for the infected patient. PMID- 6560282 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Caring for non-infected patients. PMID- 6560280 TI - Parenteral aminoglycosides: administering them safely. PMID- 6560283 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Investigation of an outbreak. PMID- 6560284 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Isolated but not alone. PMID- 6560285 TI - Parenthood through adoption. PMID- 6560286 TI - Fostering. PMID- 6560287 TI - Single parents - a personal view. PMID- 6560288 TI - Family stress. PMID- 6560289 TI - Family breakdown. PMID- 6560290 TI - Loss of a child. PMID- 6560291 TI - Adolescence: spontaneity and self-control - a delicate balance. PMID- 6560293 TI - Helping parents of a baby in a special care baby unit. PMID- 6560292 TI - A child in hospital - the needs of parents. PMID- 6560294 TI - Pressure sores. No pressure - no sore. PMID- 6560295 TI - Pressure sores. The general management and treatment of pressure sores. PMID- 6560296 TI - Birth. PMID- 6560298 TI - Management of labour: basic principles. PMID- 6560297 TI - Physiology of labour. PMID- 6560299 TI - Management of labour: alternative methods. PMID- 6560300 TI - The baby at birth. PMID- 6560301 TI - Epistiotomy in normal delivery. PMID- 6560302 TI - Complications of labour. PMID- 6560303 TI - Pain and its relief in labour. PMID- 6560304 TI - Adaptations to motherhood. PMID- 6560305 TI - Managerial profiles: a nurses' guide to personal styles that get things done. PMID- 6560306 TI - Discharge planning: presenting the case. PMID- 6560307 TI - Promises & pitfalls of discharge planning. PMID- 6560308 TI - Reflections on the midnight shift. PMID- 6560309 TI - Nursing process: one more time. PMID- 6560311 TI - Nursing shortage some practical response please! PMID- 6560310 TI - Art and science of management: the individual vs. the group. PMID- 6560312 TI - The nurse as builder: getting form to follow function. PMID- 6560313 TI - Negligence in releasing psychiatric patient. PMID- 6560314 TI - The head nurse as ethical and legal leader. PMID- 6560315 TI - Practical management course. Module 6. Performance evaluation and the self fulfilling prophecy. PMID- 6560316 TI - Managerial briefs. A manager's guide to procedure manuals. PMID- 6560317 TI - Nursing careers in the emerging systems. PMID- 6560318 TI - Resistance to change: recognize, respond, overcome. PMID- 6560319 TI - 10 hour night shift: cost vs cost savings. PMID- 6560320 TI - Controlling short notice absences. PMID- 6560321 TI - Effects of unionization. PMID- 6560322 TI - An oncology unit model. PMID- 6560323 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Is termination proper? PMID- 6560324 TI - Art and science of management: negotiation vs. confrontation. PMID- 6560325 TI - Practical management course. Module 8: delegation--from denial to acceptance. PMID- 6560326 TI - What we say, what we do. PMID- 6560327 TI - Motivating the staff: what nurses expect from their supervisors. PMID- 6560328 TI - Labor relations: how do you rate? PMID- 6560330 TI - Managing decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6560329 TI - Wound management: care and cost--an overview. PMID- 6560331 TI - Nursing's effort to control infection: beating the bug of the month. PMID- 6560332 TI - Night supervisor: and how was your weekend? PMID- 6560333 TI - Negotiating for new equipment. PMID- 6560334 TI - An orientation program for AD graduates. PMID- 6560335 TI - Production builds on mutual respect. PMID- 6560336 TI - Practical management course. Module 9: what motivates people to work? PMID- 6560337 TI - Art & science of management. Feedback improves performance. PMID- 6560339 TI - Reconciling pay with productivity. PMID- 6560338 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Nursing school catalog is written contract. PMID- 6560340 TI - Stress in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6560341 TI - A policeman's lot. PMID- 6560342 TI - Safety: product liability--a need for change. PMID- 6560343 TI - A policeman's lot--2. PMID- 6560344 TI - Safety department chopped. PMID- 6560345 TI - Environmental investigation and control. 1. Observation and identification. PMID- 6560346 TI - Counselling. The case of Tom Jenkins. 1. Setting the scene. PMID- 6560347 TI - Training for teamwork. PMID- 6560348 TI - Statement on high blood pressure in the workplace. PMID- 6560349 TI - Coronary heart disease in the 1980s: diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. PMID- 6560350 TI - Identification of the high risk patient. PMID- 6560351 TI - Cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography. PMID- 6560353 TI - Exercise stress testing. PMID- 6560352 TI - Infarct reduction with streptokinase. PMID- 6560354 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation: an overview. PMID- 6560355 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation: the occupational health nurse's role. PMID- 6560357 TI - Conceptual model for nursing practice in occupational health. PMID- 6560356 TI - AIDS: occupational implications for health care workers. PMID- 6560358 TI - Expanding the definition of sexual harassment. PMID- 6560359 TI - Occupational health policy: addressing personal troubles or social problems? PMID- 6560361 TI - Crisis intervention and the new unemployed. PMID- 6560360 TI - Management of a multi-client occupational health clinic. PMID- 6560362 TI - The habitually ill. PMID- 6560363 TI - [How much time is needed for nursing care?]. PMID- 6560364 TI - [Cooperation and adherence to instructions in the hospital]. PMID- 6560365 TI - [Cooperation between ward and hospital laboratory]. PMID- 6560366 TI - Nation faces serious problem of rising health care costs; spending grows faster than economy. PMID- 6560368 TI - Minorities in professional nursing, where are they? PMID- 6560367 TI - Nursing images: a new challenge. PMID- 6560369 TI - Nursing comes to primary care. PMID- 6560370 TI - Faces of nursing. Hospice nurse is practitioner, teacher and counselor. PMID- 6560372 TI - Motivating orthopaedic nurses. PMID- 6560371 TI - Principles of teaching and learning. PMID- 6560373 TI - Diagnostic overview. Osteoarthritis--a new look at an old disease. PMID- 6560375 TI - Musculoskeletal assessment. The knee. PMID- 6560374 TI - Knee injuries of the athlete. PMID- 6560376 TI - Op-Site: a treatment for pressure sores in the orthopaedic patient population. PMID- 6560377 TI - Op-Site: research or quality assurance study? PMID- 6560378 TI - Fingertip dressings. PMID- 6560379 TI - Diagnostic overview. Psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 6560380 TI - Physician supervision/collaboration as reported by PNPs in practice settings. PMID- 6560381 TI - Postoperative pain in children: misconceptions, descriptions and interventions. PMID- 6560382 TI - Three coping strategies used by school-age children. PMID- 6560383 TI - Osteogenesis imperfecta: the basics. PMID- 6560384 TI - Sustained attention in boys with attention deficit disorder and the effect of methylphenidate. PMID- 6560385 TI - Moral development in children. PMID- 6560386 TI - Application of nursing diagnoses in a pediatric clinic. PMID- 6560387 TI - Pediatric management problems (Campylobacter infections). PMID- 6560388 TI - An overview of childhood fractures. PMID- 6560389 TI - Practice management. Practitioner/proprietor. PMID- 6560390 TI - Pediatric drug information. Rubella vaccination. PMID- 6560391 TI - Artificial sweetener observations. PMID- 6560392 TI - "Protecting children's rights during research". PMID- 6560393 TI - Bedside monitoring: monitoring electrodes. PMID- 6560394 TI - Bedside cardiac pacing with balloon temporary pacing catheter. PMID- 6560395 TI - Laser permits new technique in treatment of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6560396 TI - Spontaneous pneumothorax. PMID- 6560397 TI - The role of the nurse in health education. PMID- 6560398 TI - The nursing process. PMID- 6560399 TI - The nursing process. PMID- 6560400 TI - Time management and you. PMID- 6560401 TI - Management and productivity in nursing. PMID- 6560402 TI - Productivity, the nurse and education. PMID- 6560403 TI - Address by the Minister for Health, Mr. Howe Yoon Chong, at the opening of Nurses Week at the School of Nursing, Singapore General Hospital on 17th July 1983. PMID- 6560404 TI - My experience in the Singapore Fire Brigade Service Emergency Ambulance Section. PMID- 6560405 TI - Hemiplegia and rehabilitation. PMID- 6560406 TI - Preparing for productive retirement. PMID- 6560407 TI - First Wits Seminar on 28th March 1983 at the Civil Service Institute. Opening address. PMID- 6560408 TI - An overview of cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 6560409 TI - Nursing in Japan. PMID- 6560410 TI - Establishing comparable worth through job evaluation. PMID- 6560411 TI - Policy internships for nurses. PMID- 6560412 TI - Transcultural nursing: an overview. PMID- 6560413 TI - Commentary: should there be a National Institute for Nursing? PMID- 6560414 TI - Cultural assessment: content and process. PMID- 6560415 TI - Creating meaning out of horror. PMID- 6560416 TI - Clinical evaluation of three techniques for administering low-dose heparin. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three techniques for administering subcutaneous low-dose heparin on the formation of bruises at the injection site in adult postoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients. Forty three subjects comprised the sample. All received subcutaneous injections of heparin, 5,000 units every 12 hours postsurgery. Three subcutaneous injection techniques, identified to study the variables of needle manipulation and tracking of the medication, were administered randomly to each subject. Forty-eight hours after the third injection, the sites were observed and bruises, if present, were measured. Data were analyzed by means of the Friedman test, and a 0.569 level of significance was obtained. It was concluded that, for this sample, none of the three techniques appeared clearly superior in yielding smaller or fewer bruises. PMID- 6560417 TI - Nursing's search for scientific knowledge. AB - This analysis describes the characteristics of nursing research today, and identifies trends and changes in research over the past three decades. A sample was drawn from four nursing research journals of 137 substantive studies, 14 published in 1952-53, 20 in 1960, 40 in 1970, and 63 in 1980. The analysis revealed that over this period nursing research (1) increased substantially in amount; (2) became more clinically focused; (3) demonstrated a greater theoretical orientation; and (4) became more sophisticated and sound in methods employed. Among the limitations noted were insufficient conceptualization and the failure to build a cumulative science. Suggestions are offered for future research. PMID- 6560418 TI - Duration of pain condition and physical pathology as determinants of nurses' assessments of patients in pain. AB - This article is based on an experiment that examined features distinguishing chronic from acute pain syndromes, and their influence on nurses' estimates of patient suffering, pain relief actions, and attitudes toward patients. Two hundred sixty-eight nurses received one-paragraph descriptions of patients complaining of severe pain. Descriptions varied on the dimensions of duration (acute vs. chronic), signs of physical pathology (positive vs. negative), signs of depression (positive vs. negative), and diagnostic category (low back vs. headache vs. joint pain). Subjects estimated the intensity of the hypothetical patient's suffering, indicated priorities for specific pain relief actions, and rated the patient on a series of trait dimensions. Subjects attributed less intense pain when the patient had no signs of pathology and when duration was long-termed and chronic. They also assigned lower priorities to medication related nursing actions when signs of pathology were negative. Finally, more negative personality and behavioral traits were attributed to the patient when signs of pathology were negative. The results reflect a dichotomous, organic versus psychogenic model of pain on the part of health care staff. Since the data indicate the chronic pain sufferer is negatively stereotyped by staff, a need exists to develop and disseminate more integrative models of the pain experience. PMID- 6560419 TI - Effects of nongynecological surgery on the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6560420 TI - Effects of modeling and information on reactions to pain: a childbirth preparation analogue. AB - p6labor-preparation analogue study was conducted to examine the efficacy of videotaped information and modeling as pain-reducing techniques for women during labor and delivery. Sixty nulliparous college female undergraduates were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: (a) videotaped modeling; (b) videotaped information; (c) videotaped information and modeling combined; and (d) control (irrelevant) videotape. Assessments of the effectiveness of these treatments were made during a one-hour session involving 20 80-second exposures to the Forgione Barber pain stimulator. The timing and sequencing of the pain stimulus was patterned to resemble labor contractions. Dependent variables included self reported pain, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frontalis electromyogram, and respiratory rate. The group that received information and modeling combined reported significantly lower pain ratings than each of the other three groups. Analyses conducted on the physiological dependent variables failed to demonstrate significant treatment effects. The implications of these findings are discussed from the perspective of developing more effective methods of preparing women for the experience of childbirth. PMID- 6560421 TI - The relation of selected psychosocial variables to single status of adult women during pregnancy. AB - This study examined levels of life stress, social support, anxiety, depression, and self-esteem in a convenience sample of 141 adult prenatal clinic patients during the midtrimester of normal pregnancies. Subjects identified themselves as "partnered" (either legally married or living with a stable partner, n = 116) or "single" (without a spouse or partner, n = 25). Groups were comparable on all demographic and obstetric variables. All subjects were tested with standardized instruments during routine clinic visits. Using t tests for independent groups, analyses showed single women to be higher in life stress (p = .03), lower in tangible support (p = .007), and higher in state anxiety (p = .01). Single women did not differ significantly on levels of informational and emotional support, trait anxiety, depression, or self-esteem. The differences between groups suggest that pregnancy may be a significant situational crisis associated with increased anxiety for single women. PMID- 6560422 TI - The effect of type of thermometer and length of time inserted on oral temperature measurements of afebrile subjects. PMID- 6560424 TI - The use of power estimation in nursing research. AB - Power estimation is most useful when conducted a priori--when modifications in the intended design and/or analysis strategies can still be made. If not used a priori, however, it still can be helpful as a post hoc secondary analysis, both for consumers of research literature and for researchers themselves. In cases when the null hypothesis is not rejected at the predetermined alpha level, it may be very informative to conduct a power analysis. The researcher might discover that there was very little power to reject the null hypothesis if it were indeed false. Knowing that this is a reasonable possible explanation for the "no significant difference" conclusion could preclude abandonment of the project or premature publication of discouraging results. It also could help in the design of future, similar studies. PMID- 6560423 TI - Internal psychometric characteristics of the quality patient care scale. AB - This study sought to clarify the subdimensions of the domain of quality nursing care as measured by the Quality Patient Care Scale. The care received by 269 surgical patients over a predetermined period was assessed by nonparticipant nurse observers using the methodology. The instrument contains six subscales. The data analyses showed them to be internally homogeneous and capable of providing reliable measurements. The unrotated first factor for each subscale is strong and items correlate with it and with the respective subscale totals. However, in the Psychosocial Individual, Physical, and General areas, enough clustering of items within subscales emerged to support the contention that there are several conceptually discrete, yet interdependent, sources of variation in each subdomain. The factor analyses identified the clustering of items, but, in the present exploratory mode of research, the ability to understand the apparent complexity of subdomains is limited. Future researchers should elaborate these complexities to determine if they represent consistent and discrete sources of variance that can be replicated and used to provide more accurate assessments. The subscales moderately intercorrelated, and evidenced discriminant validity. PMID- 6560425 TI - Cerebrovascular status of severe closed head injured patients following passive position changes. AB - Nursing care of the severe closed head injured patient has two primary goals: (1) the prevention of secondary brain injury associated with intracranial hypertension, and (2) the prevention of complications associated with immobility. This study examined the effects of six body position changes, performed as part of routine nursing care interventions, on the cerebrovascular status of 18 severely head injured patients. These changes included turning and positioning in bed, head rotation, range of motion exercises, and raising and lowering of the head of the bed. All subjects had baseline mean intracranial pressures of less than or equal to 15 mm/Hg, and cerebral perfusion pressures of greater than or equal to 50 mm/Hg. Over 200 observations of the effects of position changes on heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), mean intracranial pressure (MICP), and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were recorded and analyzed. With the exception of the intervention raising the head of the bed, all position changes produced increases in HR, MABP, MICP, and CPP. Typically, the physiologic changes were transient and showed recovery toward baseline values in one-minute postintervention measurements. The results of this study suggest that passive position changes may be performed safely upon severe closed head injured patients with baseline MICPs less than or equal to 15 mm/Hg, provided CPPs are maintained above 50 mm/Hg throughout each position change and provided multiple fractures do not preclude these position changes. PMID- 6560426 TI - Children's locus of control beliefs as predictors of preoperative coping behavior. AB - This study examined the relationship between children's locus of control beliefs (as measured by the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale) and their preoperative coping behavior. Subjects were 51 children between the ages of 8 and 12 who were scheduled for minor elective surgery. They were interviewed and each child's mode of coping was classified along a dimension termed avoidant-active. The relationships between sex, socioeconomic status, other demographic variables, and the type of preoperative information given to the child by the parent and surgeon were also evaluated. Results showed that children rated as active copers had more internal locus of control scores than children rated as avoidant or as using a combination of avoidant-active coping modes. Children rated as active were given more detailed information about their medical problem and surgery than children rated as using avoidant or a combination of avoidant-active coping modes. Internal locus of control was significantly related to higher socioeconomic status but not to sex or other demographic variables. Regression analysis showed that parent-doctor information and locus of control were independently predictive of coping. PMID- 6560428 TI - Re: Meta-analysis. PMID- 6560427 TI - Clean vs. sterile tracheotomy care and level of pulmonary infection. AB - As reported in the literature and observed in clinical practice, a variety of tracheotomy care procedures (tracheotomy suctioning and cleaning techniques) are currently used. The purpose of this research was to determine if clean tracheotomy care was more effective than sterile as measured by levels of postoperative pulmonary infection. Ten hospitals with large Head and Neck/ENT services were selected as data collection sites. At these centers a minimum of 15 tracheostomy patient charts were reviewed pre- and postoperatively for clinical and laboratory data related to infection. Patient level of infection was defined using the Weighted Level of Pulmonary Infection Tool, which was constructed for this study. Three categories of aseptic type emerged (clean, sterile, and mixed) because existing tracheotomy care procedures did not fall into one of the two hypothesized types. Data were analyzed using a maximum likelihood approach to mixed model analysis of variance or covariance. The findings indicated significant differences among the three procedures with laboratory, but not clinical, data. Laboratory data supported practicing clean procedures as those associated with the least postoperative infection. PMID- 6560429 TI - Metatheory, methodology, and practicality: issues in research uses of Rogers's science of unitary man. PMID- 6560430 TI - Parental attitude and adjustment to childhood epilepsy. AB - Parenteral attitudes and adjustment to epilepsy were assessed for 50 parents of children aged 6 to 14 with epilepsy. Fishbein's Expectancy-Value Model of Attitude was used to assess parental attitudes. Parental adjustment was measured both by a self-report instrument and by an independent psychosocial assessment conducted by a psychiatric social worker. The major finding was a strong positive relationship (R = .67, p less than .001) between parental attitude and adjustment for the mothers. The attitude-adjustment relationship was not significant for the fathers. In addition, parental attitudes and perception of seizure control accounted for 60% of the variance in the mothers' adjustment scores. Seizure control was significantly positively related (p less than .05) to parental adjustment. PMID- 6560431 TI - Head nurse leadership style with staff nurse burnout and job satisfaction in neonatal intensive care units. AB - Leadership style has been defined as a two-factor construct composed of "consideration" and "initiating structure." Research has suggested that these factors affect the behavior and attitude of subordinates. This study's purpose was to quantify the relationships of head nurse leadership style with self reported staff nurse burnout and job satisfaction in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). Three instruments--the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Tedium Scale, and the Leadership Opinion Questionnaire--were voluntarily completed by 283 registered nurses employed by 14 level-III NICUs in the United States. The leadership dimensions of consideration and structure were distinct (r = -.10). Staff nurse satisfaction and burnout were related (r = -.41). Head nurse consideration was clearly related to staff nurse satisfaction (r = -.55) and to a lesser extent to burnout (r = -.29). Initiating structure alone was not related to satisfaction or burnout. Aggregate perceptions of head nurse leadership were ranked across NICUs in order to classify the head nurses on consideration and structure. The 14 head nurses were separated into four groups: high consideration high structure, high consideration-low structure, low consideration-high structure, and low consideration-low structure. Satisfaction and burnout of staff nurses in each of the leadership-style groups were then compared. Analysis of variance for satisfaction (F(3,279) = 3.10, p = .03) and burnout (F(3,279) = 3.90, p = .01) were both significant. For both satisfaction and burnout, the head nurse leadership classification of low consideration-high structure was most deviant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6560433 TI - PINC: now the party's over. PMID- 6560432 TI - Protest and survive? PMID- 6560434 TI - Nurse practitioner in East London. Interview by Phil Cohen. PMID- 6560435 TI - Cardiac monitors--friend or foe? PMID- 6560437 TI - Further experiences of a volunteer. PMID- 6560436 TI - Attitudes to continuing education. PMID- 6560438 TI - Psychological care in hospitals. 2. Nurses and psychologists--the first-hand experience. PMID- 6560439 TI - Double handicap. 6. Therapy through recreation. PMID- 6560440 TI - A methodology for manpower planning. Further applications of standardised assessments for the elderly. PMID- 6560441 TI - Falls in the elderly. PMID- 6560442 TI - The image across the Atlantic. PMID- 6560443 TI - Systems of life No 109. Setting up the systems-9. PMID- 6560444 TI - The impending dole of the nurse. PMID- 6560445 TI - An aide to better community care? PMID- 6560446 TI - 'You're lucky to have a job'. PMID- 6560447 TI - Give us the money! PMID- 6560449 TI - Mental health nursing. A very separate training. PMID- 6560448 TI - Screening clinics for well women. PMID- 6560450 TI - Mental health nursing. Over and above board. PMID- 6560451 TI - Mental health nursing. Time to take a lead. PMID- 6560453 TI - Interviewing techniques: preparing for staff selection. PMID- 6560452 TI - Health visitors as key workers. PMID- 6560454 TI - Learning ability in mental handicap and after head injury. PMID- 6560455 TI - Nursing care study: a child with tetanus. PMID- 6560456 TI - Mental handicap care in Sweden. PMID- 6560457 TI - A personal view of CPNs. PMID- 6560458 TI - The unkindest cut. Interview by Pam Holmes. PMID- 6560459 TI - Midwifery: an independent streak. PMID- 6560460 TI - Staffing levels: how many nurses do we need? PMID- 6560461 TI - Caring for special babies. 1. The ethics of neonatology. PMID- 6560462 TI - Caring for special babies. 2. Separation of the baby from the parents. PMID- 6560463 TI - Commons sense: Fowler's tightrope. PMID- 6560464 TI - The significance of breast pain. PMID- 6560465 TI - Myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6560466 TI - The confused patient. PMID- 6560467 TI - Activities of living. 1. Problems of elimination - preserving dignity. PMID- 6560468 TI - Interviewing techniques. 2. Conducting a successful interview. PMID- 6560469 TI - Nurses and violence. PMID- 6560470 TI - Nurses and their religions. 1. Strictly kosher. Interview by Irene Heywood Jones. PMID- 6560472 TI - The plight of the district nurse. PMID- 6560471 TI - What influences a mother's choice of infant feeding method? PMID- 6560474 TI - Pay: more haste, less speed. PMID- 6560473 TI - Pay: a new deal for nurses? PMID- 6560475 TI - A framework for action. The African dimension. PMID- 6560476 TI - Clinical expertise. PMID- 6560477 TI - Caring for special babies. Three. Stress in the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 6560479 TI - Health care in the Soviet Union. One. A health revolution. PMID- 6560478 TI - Nurses and their religions. Two. Ministering angel. Interview by Irene Heywood Jones. PMID- 6560480 TI - Health care in the Soviet Union. Two. Childbirth - Soviet style. PMID- 6560481 TI - Interviewing techniques. Effective panel interviewing. PMID- 6560482 TI - The nursing process in the care of the mentally ill. PMID- 6560484 TI - The development of collegiate nursing education in the United States. PMID- 6560483 TI - The nurse and the law. PMID- 6560485 TI - New directions in Australia. Nursing education. PMID- 6560487 TI - RHA plan: in search of a healthier life. PMID- 6560486 TI - Re-entry courses for health visitors. PMID- 6560489 TI - Teachers should not walk away. PMID- 6560488 TI - The nurse's tale: the student. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6560491 TI - Gestational trophoblastic tumours. One. Hydatidiform mole. PMID- 6560490 TI - Caring for special babies. Four. Coping with grief. PMID- 6560492 TI - Audit--a basic tool of management. PMID- 6560493 TI - Activities of living. Two. A problem of immobility. PMID- 6560495 TI - Setting up a service for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 6560494 TI - Nurses and their religions. Three. Bearing witness. Interview by Irene Heywood Jones. PMID- 6560496 TI - Framework for action. Two. Does the team work? PMID- 6560497 TI - Infant feeding in practice. PMID- 6560498 TI - The dark side of the moon. PMID- 6560499 TI - Systems of life No 110. Setting up the systems - 10. PMID- 6560501 TI - The battle of the badge. PMID- 6560500 TI - 'Cossacks' point the way forward. PMID- 6560502 TI - Drugging the elderly. PMID- 6560503 TI - Stress and student nurses in A&E. One. A very stressful place. PMID- 6560504 TI - Framework for action. Three. CPN: cog or lever? PMID- 6560505 TI - The birth of Venus. PMID- 6560506 TI - Gestational trophoblastic tumours. Two. Choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6560509 TI - Nurses and their religions. Four. Nursing a calling. Interview by Irene Haywood Jones. PMID- 6560508 TI - Education: 'Does the council hold dances'? PMID- 6560507 TI - The Ian Charles Hospital. PMID- 6560510 TI - Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Which disinfectants do nurses use? PMID- 6560511 TI - [Implications to nursing in Israel from international conferences on aging]. PMID- 6560512 TI - [Nursing in the operating room]. PMID- 6560513 TI - [A stimulation project geared to aging]. PMID- 6560514 TI - [Nursing plan in the radiology department - Medical Center Rambam]. PMID- 6560516 TI - [Community health teaching in a P.H. nursing course]. PMID- 6560515 TI - [Hazards of accidents in hospitalized patients at Sheba Medical Center: a survey]. PMID- 6560517 TI - [Patient's experience with resuscitation - a nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6560518 TI - [Children's safety arrangements in private transportation]. PMID- 6560519 TI - [Comprehensive care in a general clinic]. PMID- 6560520 TI - [Problems and trends in nursing education]. PMID- 6560521 TI - [Nurses in public health: education, knowledge and approach to breast feeding]. PMID- 6560522 TI - [4th International Symposium on Victimology, Tokyo-Kyoto, 19 August- 4 September 1982]. PMID- 6560523 TI - [Kupat Holim - community nursing services]. PMID- 6560524 TI - [Hospitalization services]. PMID- 6560525 TI - [Counseling patients with a total laryngectomy]. PMID- 6560526 TI - Symposium on inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6560527 TI - Family-focused cardiac rehabilitation. A role supplementation program for cardiac patients and spouses. AB - A review of the literature yields general agreement among investigators regarding the responses of both patients and spouses to a cardiac event. Anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, marital and sexual dysfunction, and psychosomatic symptoms have been consistently documented up to 1 year following a myocardial infarction or cardiac surgery. Although the patient's physiologic status sets limits on the potential level of recovery, psychosocial variables are new recognized as playing a critical role in the rehabilitation process for both patients and their families. Our 3-year experience with patient-spouse groups supports the view that spouses must be involved throughout the rehabilitative process and that effective participation is provided within the context of a role supplementation program. Such a program facilitates direct and consistent communication as well as flexibility within and between roles. Both end points are critical to the re-establishment of family equilibrium and the ultimate recovery of the cardiac patient. PMID- 6560528 TI - Neonatal intensive care. The nurse's role in supporting the family. AB - In this article we have reviewed the family's response to the crisis of premature birth and the sick newborn infant. We included the structure and availability of perinatal care because many states have alternative programs. The discussion of the nurse's role in supporting families was set in our level III ICN. But it is our belief and hope that nurses can apply the same principles and methods described, in any ICN, regardless of level. The nurse's role we have described clearly demonstrates the value of the continuity the nurses can provide as a basis for supporting families. The extended role of the primary nurse can and does provide support for families to an even greater extent. PMID- 6560529 TI - Families' responses to chemotherapy by an ambulatory infusion pump. AB - A home ambulatory infusion program for cancer patients receiving chemotherapy has been found to be a cost-effective means of administering certain medications in a safe manner while increasing patient control and autonomy and the quality of life for patients and families. PMID- 6560530 TI - The Care-Through-Parent program at Moffitt Hospital, University of California, San Francisco. PMID- 6560531 TI - The psychiatric liaison nurse's role with families in acute care. AB - The role of the psychiatric liaison nurse with families has been described. In an attempt to differentiate the psychiatric liaison nurse's role from others on the liaison team, the emphasis is on the role in response to problematic interactions between families and nursing staff that revolve around nursing care and management of the patient. Four common problems reflecting family coping behaviors are identified. Case examples illustrate direct and indirect liaison nurse interventions in two of the problem situations as a suggestion of the possible range of creative approaches that may be used in a systems-oriented liaison approach. The key is recognition of the interdependence of the family, patient, and staff within the total environment and the development of approaches that are based on the principles of management for liaison work with families. PMID- 6560532 TI - Models of family-centered care in one acute care institution. AB - Focus on the emotional responses and needs of critically ill patients has grown to encompass a focus on their families as well. Moos notes that the family as well as the patient faces a number of adaptive tasks in the crisis of serious illness. These include managing the hospital environment, keeping reasonable emotional balance, negotiating relationships with the treatment staff, preserving self-image, preserving a relationship with the patient, and preparing for an uncertain future. The complexity of these tasks and the coping skills needed to master them speaks to the role of the psychiatric clinical nurse specialist in the acute care setting. This article has highlighted some activities of psychiatric clinical nurse specialists working with families in the acute care setting. Included have been support groups, indirect models, contracting, professional families, VIP/VRP families, families in the intensive care setting, and families in transition from intensive care to floor care. All emphasize the importance and needs of the family as well as the patient during hospitalization in an acute care setting. PMID- 6560533 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease in children. PMID- 6560534 TI - Overview of inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease have been on the increase in terms of incidence, prevalence, and virulence. The young adult population is affected most frequently and most severely. The cause of inflammatory bowel disease is unknown, but many misconceptions exist about its etiology. Nurses need to be familiar with the similarities and differences between the two illnesses, the treatment, and the prognosis in order to be effective care givers. Good health care can make a significant contribution to the quality of life the patient subsequently has. PMID- 6560535 TI - Psychosocial considerations for the adolescent and young adult with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6560537 TI - The multisystem impact on physiologic processes of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6560536 TI - The diagnostic work-up for the patient with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6560538 TI - Symposium on family nursing in acute care. PMID- 6560539 TI - Nursing and family-focused care. PMID- 6560540 TI - Parenting enhancement among high-risk adolescents. Testing a holistic patient centered nursing practice model. PMID- 6560541 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 2. Children in danger: accidents in the home. PMID- 6560542 TI - Are health visitors becoming more political? PMID- 6560543 TI - Hard times. Interview by Tamara Ross. PMID- 6560544 TI - Proud sunset over Leningrad. PMID- 6560546 TI - Nursing process: one long round of bother. PMID- 6560545 TI - Psychology. 2. Making sense of the hospital. PMID- 6560547 TI - Education: from apprentice to student. PMID- 6560548 TI - As great a loss. PMID- 6560549 TI - Law: breach of duty. PMID- 6560550 TI - A significant advance. PMID- 6560551 TI - Nursing care study: a change of pace. PMID- 6560552 TI - Proctocolectomy. 1. Avoiding an ileostomy. PMID- 6560553 TI - Army medical services. PMID- 6560554 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Orthopaedic care. PMID- 6560555 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Treatment for scoliosis. PMID- 6560556 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. No visitors for Gerry. PMID- 6560557 TI - The health screeners: UKCC column. PMID- 6560558 TI - CVA nursing care study: a loss of power. PMID- 6560559 TI - CVA nursing care study: a case for planned intervention. PMID- 6560560 TI - CVA nursing care study: no room at home. PMID- 6560561 TI - The brain. PMID- 6560564 TI - Lecture 1. A time for vision. PMID- 6560562 TI - Keep the records straight. PMID- 6560563 TI - Management: in-service staff development. PMID- 6560565 TI - Nurses in society: I have no regrets. PMID- 6560567 TI - Stop, look and listen. PMID- 6560566 TI - Focus on the elderly: ethics of research. PMID- 6560568 TI - Iveson's opinion: use your imagination. PMID- 6560569 TI - Caring for the bomb victims. PMID- 6560570 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses Association. 2. One way of working. PMID- 6560571 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses Association. 2. Sex education. PMID- 6560572 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses Association. 2. From hospital to community. PMID- 6560573 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses Association. 2. Make a move to integrate. PMID- 6560574 TI - Labour's vision of the NHS. Interview by David Mitchell. PMID- 6560575 TI - What all students fear. PMID- 6560576 TI - What's on the menu? PMID- 6560577 TI - One man's meat is another man's poison. PMID- 6560578 TI - Food: inadequate intake in hospital. PMID- 6560579 TI - Food. Focus on the elderly: healthy retirement. PMID- 6560580 TI - Nurses in society: burnout. PMID- 6560581 TI - Management: comparing professionals. PMID- 6560583 TI - In a state over finals? PMID- 6560582 TI - Nursing care study: Danger - human UXB! PMID- 6560584 TI - Can we risk finding out? PMID- 6560585 TI - Taking to the waters. PMID- 6560586 TI - Focus on the elderly: at your service. PMID- 6560587 TI - Law: professional expectations. PMID- 6560588 TI - Iveson's opinion: the careless plans of man. PMID- 6560589 TI - Nursing care study: hip replacement. PMID- 6560590 TI - Look at discrimination in its widest sense. PMID- 6560592 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Problems in pregnancy: inevitable abortion. PMID- 6560591 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Problems in pregnancy: from King's to Cornwall. PMID- 6560593 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Problems in pregnancy: intrauterine death. PMID- 6560594 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Problems in pregnancy: birth without intervention. PMID- 6560595 TI - Let us end this madness. PMID- 6560596 TI - Pretty bubbles in the air? PMID- 6560597 TI - Management: quality circles. PMID- 6560600 TI - Focus on the elderly: drumming up the lolly. PMID- 6560598 TI - Who should run the NHS? PMID- 6560599 TI - Education: wasted opportunities. PMID- 6560601 TI - Nurses in society: going back. PMID- 6560602 TI - Anatomy of respiration. PMID- 6560603 TI - Community: for sale - by auction. PMID- 6560604 TI - Focus on the elderly. Keep the torch burning. PMID- 6560605 TI - Lament of a skin specialist. PMID- 6560606 TI - Nursing care study: pneumothorax. PMID- 6560607 TI - Attitudes will have to change. PMID- 6560609 TI - The PRB: will it pay off? PMID- 6560608 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Haemophilia. PMID- 6560610 TI - Aspects of incontinence. A positive step. PMID- 6560611 TI - Aspects of incontinence. Drainage system on trial. PMID- 6560612 TI - The urinary system. PMID- 6560614 TI - Aids for incontinence. PMID- 6560613 TI - Incontinence pants: one system. PMID- 6560615 TI - Aspects of incontinence. Focus on the elderly: containing the problem. PMID- 6560616 TI - Iveson's opinion: the dangerous path we tread. PMID- 6560617 TI - Research: no ivory tower. PMID- 6560618 TI - From inspiration to publication. Interview by Irene Heywood Jones. PMID- 6560619 TI - Nursing care study: talking the same language. PMID- 6560620 TI - To hell with cigarettes. PMID- 6560621 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. A framework for the future. PMID- 6560622 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. Self-direction of learning. PMID- 6560623 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. Community prospects. PMID- 6560625 TI - Midwifery shapes up in North Wales. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6560624 TI - Support real nursing. PMID- 6560626 TI - The first steps of change. PMID- 6560627 TI - Swansea-where campus meets the community. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6560628 TI - Built by the people it serves. Interview by Catharine Sadler. PMID- 6560630 TI - Midwifery. 2. In vitro fertilisation. PMID- 6560629 TI - Shades of the unknown. PMID- 6560631 TI - Nurses in society: we regret to inform you. PMID- 6560632 TI - Iveson's opinion: are you the fool at one end? PMID- 6560633 TI - Nursing care study: Crohn's disease. PMID- 6560634 TI - [Changes in nursing instruction education - better nursing instructors?]. PMID- 6560635 TI - [Work in a maternity clinic]. PMID- 6560636 TI - [Human behavior during disasters]. PMID- 6560638 TI - [Sando's school developing countries center]. PMID- 6560637 TI - [Campaign against diarrhea. 100,000 children in Yemen can be saved to live]. PMID- 6560640 TI - [Diet therapy in stomach diseases]. PMID- 6560639 TI - [Nursing instructor education in a process of change]. PMID- 6560641 TI - [Comments on diagnosis]. PMID- 6560642 TI - [Nursing process in the education process]. PMID- 6560643 TI - [The therapeutic team]. PMID- 6560644 TI - [The nurse in the academic health service]. PMID- 6560645 TI - [Psychology in today's nursing]. PMID- 6560646 TI - [Teachers of the profession on ethics]. PMID- 6560647 TI - [Moral training (ascesa)]. PMID- 6560648 TI - [Girls are "perfect", but.... Interview by Jadwiga Lorens-Mola]. PMID- 6560649 TI - [The occupation serves patients. Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6560650 TI - [Psychogenic causes of sexual disorders]. PMID- 6560651 TI - [Before assuming the profession]. PMID- 6560652 TI - [Strabismus and amblyopia]. PMID- 6560653 TI - [Arterial hypertension and pregnancy]. PMID- 6560654 TI - [Program outline for specialization in psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 6560655 TI - [Specialization in psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 6560656 TI - [Nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 6560657 TI - [Diet in diseases of the liver and biliary tract]. PMID- 6560658 TI - [Specialization in organization and administration]. PMID- 6560659 TI - [Adaptation]. PMID- 6560660 TI - [Nursing care (documentation)]. PMID- 6560661 TI - [Conversation is equally as important as medicine]. PMID- 6560662 TI - [Tuberculosis: successes, failures, reality]. PMID- 6560664 TI - [Controlling smoking]. PMID- 6560663 TI - [Smoking by nurses]. PMID- 6560665 TI - [Florence Nightingale Medal]. PMID- 6560666 TI - [Situation short of the goal. Interview by Jolanta Lenartowicz]. PMID- 6560667 TI - [The ordinary day in Olesna]. PMID- 6560668 TI - [Smoking is a dangerous habit]. PMID- 6560669 TI - [Injuries to the urogenital system]. PMID- 6560670 TI - [Intrauterine contraception]. PMID- 6560671 TI - Public health nurses: civil rights suit for equal pay. PMID- 6560672 TI - Nurse's failure to phone M.D.: hospital liability. Case in point: Nutty v. Jewish Hospital (571 F. Supp. 1050-IL). PMID- 6560673 TI - Nursing home's right to terminate employee. Case in point: Pollock v. Baxter Manor Nursing Home (536 F. Supp. 673-ARK.). PMID- 6560674 TI - Proper nursing practice: not illegal practice of medicine. PMID- 6560675 TI - Nurses as drivers: insurance coverage. Case in point: Central Sec. Mut. Ins. Co. v. DePinto (673 P. 2d 122 - KS). PMID- 6560677 TI - Griffiths 'divisive' Rcn tells MPs. PMID- 6560676 TI - Hospital policy re "siderails": nurses' responsibility. Case in point: Wooten v. United States (574 F. Supp. 200 - TN). PMID- 6560678 TI - ENB questions system for marking examination papers. Pass rate increase for students with O'levels. PMID- 6560679 TI - Drug watch on elderly. PMID- 6560680 TI - Special measures to protect women from the hazards at work. PMID- 6560681 TI - MP blocked in bid to collect unemployment statistics. PMID- 6560682 TI - Nurses' negotiating rights must be guaranteed. PMID- 6560683 TI - Report of Rcn Scottish Board's recent three day conference at Stirling University. Geriatrics and gerontology. PMID- 6560684 TI - College concerned about patient confidentiality: anxiety remains over data bill. PMID- 6560685 TI - Nurses' pay--the facts. Evidence to the Pay Review Body for nursing and midwifery staff and the professions allied to medicine. PMID- 6560687 TI - Assurances on pay given by Fowler. PMID- 6560686 TI - Introduction of report's health services proposal will go ahead as scheduled. Target date set for Griffiths. PMID- 6560688 TI - If pupil nurse training were to end next year. Grim projection at ANE conference. PMID- 6560689 TI - College says document 'tantamount to blackmail'. Government pay view condemned. PMID- 6560690 TI - Sharps' injuries are widespread in hospital. PMID- 6560692 TI - No plans to estimate unemployed nurses. PMID- 6560691 TI - Colloquium arranged by Association of Integrated Degree Courses in Nursing. Towards political awareness. PMID- 6560693 TI - Whole thrust of case is in direct conflict with College's own document. Government's PRB evidence. PMID- 6560694 TI - Clinical teachers feel the pinch. PMID- 6560696 TI - College concern over private tenders for units. Move towards privatisation. PMID- 6560695 TI - Report of recent Rcn Society of Psychiatric Nursing conference in London. The problems of alcohol, drug and solvent abuse. PMID- 6560697 TI - A conceptual framework for rehabilitation nursing. PMID- 6560698 TI - Loss and grief in chronic illness. PMID- 6560699 TI - Into aging: exploring aging through games. PMID- 6560700 TI - Understanding autonomic dysreflexia. PMID- 6560701 TI - Intermittent self-catheterization: a learning packet. PMID- 6560702 TI - A student experience in rehabilitation nursing. PMID- 6560703 TI - [Role of the operating room nurse in hysterectomies]. PMID- 6560705 TI - [Infection in pediatric orthopedics. Surgical introduction]. PMID- 6560704 TI - [Complications of hysterectomies]. PMID- 6560706 TI - [Nursing care of children with infections in orthopedics]. PMID- 6560707 TI - [Pediatric orthopedics. 3 particular disorders]. PMID- 6560708 TI - [Hygiene and organization of the operating rooms]. PMID- 6560709 TI - [Indications for hysterectomy]. PMID- 6560710 TI - [Hysterectomy technics]. PMID- 6560711 TI - [Anesthesia in surgery for cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 6560712 TI - [Radical surgery of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6560713 TI - [Pre- and postoperative care of patients with esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6560714 TI - [Postoperative care of a patient undergoing surgery of the esophagus]. PMID- 6560715 TI - [Generalities. Epidemiology of cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 6560716 TI - [Rehabilitation, readaptation, psychological problems after surgery of cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 6560717 TI - [Mister P...undergoes surgery of the esophagus]. PMID- 6560718 TI - [Digestive system stomas]. PMID- 6560719 TI - [Preoperative assessment of patients with cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 6560720 TI - [Esophageal cancer. Indications and selection of treatment]. PMID- 6560721 TI - [Public Health workshops]. PMID- 6560722 TI - [Monitor in a health care unit: an essentially Swiss experience?]. PMID- 6560724 TI - [Sht! No more noise]. PMID- 6560723 TI - [The nursing profession. Disappearing...why? Developing...how?]. PMID- 6560725 TI - [The patient with a tracheotomy or the speaker without speech]. PMID- 6560726 TI - [The University of Vienna Nursing School]. PMID- 6560727 TI - [A few truths about lying]. PMID- 6560729 TI - [Better care, how?]. PMID- 6560728 TI - [An instrument for collecting data]. PMID- 6560730 TI - [Dental hygiene belongs to you]. PMID- 6560731 TI - [A call to life: cancer hotline (1) 502. 15. 15]. PMID- 6560732 TI - [A chorus at the psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 6560733 TI - [Maintaining a young heart]. PMID- 6560734 TI - [Sit down]. PMID- 6560735 TI - [Chronic diseases of the small intestine]. PMID- 6560736 TI - [Intravenous perfusion: placement and monitoring]. PMID- 6560737 TI - [Acute non-tuberculous infectious pneumopathies]. PMID- 6560738 TI - Legally speaking. The risks of abandoning a patient. PMID- 6560739 TI - Nursing pay: climbing faster than inflation. PMID- 6560740 TI - When pathologic fractures threaten. PMID- 6560741 TI - The makeup of bones and why they break down. PMID- 6560742 TI - The dysphagic patient: everyday care really counts (continuing education). PMID- 6560743 TI - From simple plaque to necrotic ulcer. PMID- 6560744 TI - Double-barreled therapy for a pulmonary crisis. PMID- 6560745 TI - Is it really senility--or just depression? PMID- 6560746 TI - What your patient wants to know about angiography--but may not ask. PMID- 6560747 TI - A time to hope and a time to die. PMID- 6560748 TI - Legally speaking. Answers to 11 pressing questions about terminal care. PMID- 6560749 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase: direct attack on acute MI. PMID- 6560750 TI - 7 myths about pain relief. PMID- 6560751 TI - Why nurses leave nursing. PMID- 6560752 TI - Spotting Reye's syndrome while there's still time. PMID- 6560753 TI - Making male catheterization easier for both of you. PMID- 6560754 TI - One of our patients is missing! PMID- 6560755 TI - Autotransfusion: now it's saving lives in the ED. PMID- 6560756 TI - When it's wrong to orient your patients. PMID- 6560757 TI - PJCs and junctional tachycardia. PMID- 6560758 TI - Legally speaking. How a loose tongue can land you in trouble. PMID- 6560759 TI - Advice of counsel. Charting: you better do it yourself. PMID- 6560760 TI - What a nurse means when she says: "I'm a professional". PMID- 6560761 TI - Balloon flotation catheters today. What they tell you, why they're vital (continuing education). PMID- 6560762 TI - Helping your patient through her hysterectomy (continuing education). PMID- 6560763 TI - Ten tactics to help beat the clock. PMID- 6560765 TI - What to watch out for with emergency antihypertensives. PMID- 6560764 TI - Two patients, one lethal complication. PMID- 6560766 TI - Coping with the complications of cancer. PMID- 6560767 TI - RN special report on over-the-counter products. Nurses' unparalelled impact on the use of OTC products. PMID- 6560768 TI - RN special report on over-the-counter products. The changing nature of OTCs: why and how - to keep up to date. PMID- 6560769 TI - RN special report on over-the-counter products. A fresh look at OTC drug interactions: effects you can't afford to overlook. PMID- 6560770 TI - What happens when your patient goes into shock? PMID- 6560771 TI - How to listen in on breath sounds. PMID- 6560772 TI - Defusing the violent patient--before he explodes. PMID- 6560773 TI - UTI: helping your patient control once and for all. PMID- 6560774 TI - When the patient has a Foley. PMID- 6560775 TI - Preventing infection during pregnancy--and after. PMID- 6560776 TI - What cardiac enzymes tell you about acute MI. PMID- 6560778 TI - A bowel prep that's easy to swallow. PMID- 6560777 TI - A practically foolproof way to keep track of meds. PMID- 6560779 TI - Emergency! Dealing with eye injuries. PMID- 6560780 TI - The use and misuse of hypothermia blankets. PMID- 6560781 TI - How to live with rotating shifts. PMID- 6560782 TI - Supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6560784 TI - Nurse power and the Canada Health Act. PMID- 6560783 TI - The Grange. PMID- 6560785 TI - Phenylalanine transfer RNA: molecular dynamics simulation. AB - Yeast phenylalanine transfer RNA was subjected to a 12-picosecond molecular dynamics simulation. The principal features of the x-ray crystallographic analysis are reproduced, and the amplitudes of atomic displacements appear to be determined by the degree of exposure of the atoms. An analysis of the hydrogen bonds shows a correlation between the average length of a bond and the fluctuation in that length and reveals a rocking motion of bases in Watson-Crick guanine X cytosine base pairs. The in-plane motions of the bases are generally of larger amplitude than the out-of-plane motions, and there are correlations in the motions of adjacent bases. PMID- 6560786 TI - Nonplasmin-mediated fibrinolysis. PMID- 6560787 TI - [Geneva's nursing school "Le Bon Secours": department of basic care]. PMID- 6560788 TI - [Geneva's nursing school "Le Bon Secours": obstetrics department]. PMID- 6560789 TI - [The educational experience of the Geneva nursing school "Le Bon Secours"]. PMID- 6560791 TI - [Geneva's school of nursing "Le Bon Secours": department of health care for the aged]. PMID- 6560790 TI - [Geneva's school of nursing "Le Bon Secours": relationship between the psychiatric/mental health module and the course of studies]. PMID- 6560792 TI - [Geneva's nursing school "Le Bon Secours": department of public health nursing]. PMID- 6560793 TI - [Instructional environment of new nursing teachers at the "Le Bon Secours" school]. PMID- 6560794 TI - [Geneva's nursing school "Le Bon Secours": the continuing education program]. PMID- 6560795 TI - [Continuing education, research, health: example of this education]. PMID- 6560796 TI - [Electrocution: that only happens to others! Simple actions can save]. PMID- 6560797 TI - [Geneva's nursing school "Le Bon Secours"]. PMID- 6560798 TI - [Complications of chronic respiratory insufficiency: acute respiratory insufficiency, right cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6560799 TI - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6560800 TI - [Respiratory kinesitherapy in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies: technics and results]. PMID- 6560801 TI - [Cardiorespiratory decompensation due to chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6560802 TI - [General problems of chronic respiratory insufficiency and treatment at home]. PMID- 6560803 TI - [Functional tests for chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6560804 TI - [Alcoholic emergencies: intoxication and alcoholic coma]. PMID- 6560805 TI - [Alcohol and women]. PMID- 6560806 TI - [Youth and the drug alcohol]. PMID- 6560807 TI - [Alcoholism in the elderly]. PMID- 6560808 TI - [Cycles of alcoholic intoxication and alcoholism]. PMID- 6560810 TI - [Alcohol and work environment]. PMID- 6560809 TI - [Crises in the lives of alcoholics]. PMID- 6560811 TI - [Detecting alcoholism]. PMID- 6560812 TI - [Treatment of alcoholism]. PMID- 6560813 TI - [The life of an alcoholic]. PMID- 6560814 TI - [Rules for prescribing psychotropic drugs. Importance of symptomatic and pharmacologic data]. PMID- 6560815 TI - [Biologic research in psychiatry]. PMID- 6560816 TI - [Chemotherapy and psychiatric institutions]. PMID- 6560817 TI - [Integrating psychopharmacology in the psychiatric nursing program of studies in the psychiatric sector]. PMID- 6560818 TI - [Obstructive hypertrophic myocardiopathies]. PMID- 6560819 TI - [Nurse's role faced with the case of Mister B. suffering from an obstructive myocardiopathy]. PMID- 6560820 TI - [Study of the blood vessels using the Doppler effect]. PMID- 6560821 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy and cavitary scintigraphy]. PMID- 6560822 TI - [Mechanical activity of the heart. Intracardiac pressure]. PMID- 6560823 TI - [Cardiac output. Resistance]. PMID- 6560824 TI - [Primary myocardiopathies]. PMID- 6560825 TI - [Dolosal]. PMID- 6560826 TI - [Myocardial infarct: organization of immediate care and emergency transportation]. PMID- 6560827 TI - [Organization of monitoring in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 6560828 TI - [Psychology of patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6560829 TI - [Role of the nurse in the treatment of non-complicated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6560830 TI - [Role of the supervisory nurse in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 6560831 TI - [Complications of infarction]. PMID- 6560833 TI - [Convalescing from a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6560832 TI - [Unstable angina or intermediate syndromes]. PMID- 6560834 TI - [The nurse faced with suspected myocardial necrosis]. PMID- 6560835 TI - [Diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6560836 TI - [Colorectal cancer]. PMID- 6560837 TI - [Tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 6560838 TI - [Vaccines: the cold chain]. PMID- 6560839 TI - [Adult colitis and colonic diseases in tropical countries]. PMID- 6560840 TI - [Volvulus of the pelvic colon]. PMID- 6560841 TI - [Early complications of prematurity]. PMID- 6560842 TI - [Outcome of premature infants]. PMID- 6560843 TI - [Due to a few weeks less . . . ]. PMID- 6560845 TI - [Role of the pediatric nurse in neonatology]. PMID- 6560844 TI - [Risk of prematurity in nursing and administrative personnel]. PMID- 6560846 TI - [Gestational age, fetal growth and neonatal risk]. PMID- 6560847 TI - [Physiopathology of prematurity]. PMID- 6560848 TI - [There is no standard genital prolapse]. PMID- 6560849 TI - [Chronic vomiting of digestive origin in infants]. PMID- 6560850 TI - [Neurologic vomiting in infants]. PMID- 6560851 TI - [Acute surgical vomiting]. PMID- 6560853 TI - [Vomiting in infants: clinical and etiologic approach]. PMID- 6560852 TI - [Radiologic studies for vomiting in infants]. PMID- 6560854 TI - [Preconceived ideas of mothers concerning language development]. PMID- 6560855 TI - [Educational workshop on mental retardation in children. Summing-up]. PMID- 6560856 TI - [Acute vomiting and pediatric emergencies]. PMID- 6560857 TI - [Mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 6560858 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection]. PMID- 6560859 TI - [Respiratory foreign bodies]. PMID- 6560860 TI - [Endoscopy in pediatric pneumonology]. PMID- 6560861 TI - [Indications for physical therapy in pediatric pneumonology]. PMID- 6560862 TI - [Bronchiolitis]. PMID- 6560863 TI - [Drug therapy in pediatric pneumonology: antibiotics, bronchodilators, corticoids]. PMID- 6560864 TI - [Bronchiolitis in infants]. PMID- 6560865 TI - [Hospitalization of children]. PMID- 6560866 TI - [Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations]. PMID- 6560868 TI - [Travel letter from San Francisco]. PMID- 6560867 TI - [Drug handling routine in smaller health facilities]. PMID- 6560869 TI - [Nursing services and community health legislation]. PMID- 6560870 TI - [Medical specialties = health?]. PMID- 6560871 TI - [Do HVPU (Health System for Mentally Handicapped) clients fall through the holes?]. PMID- 6560872 TI - [NSF's (Norwegian Nurses' Association) work program and priority setting in 1984. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 6560873 TI - [Love life of the aged]. PMID- 6560874 TI - [Psychiatric care in the Netherlands-impressions from a study tour]. PMID- 6560875 TI - [Interest disagreements and law court disagreements]. PMID- 6560876 TI - [Hospital purchase department. Union power or service voice?]. PMID- 6560877 TI - [Sober optimism]. PMID- 6560878 TI - [Lack of nurses]. PMID- 6560879 TI - [Centralized in central blocks and the new Haukeland hospital-country's most abused and overpraised]. PMID- 6560880 TI - [Responsibility cannot be delegated]. PMID- 6560881 TI - [Pastoral care. 4. Nurse's role versus clergy's]. PMID- 6560882 TI - [Crisis intervention. Intervention in a grief crisis]. PMID- 6560883 TI - [From the Health Administration. Guidelines on drug administration in nursing homes]. PMID- 6560884 TI - [One merely inflates yet more are out on unemployment. Interview by Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6560885 TI - [Care of senile patients. Wrong placement in psychiatric hospitals]. PMID- 6560887 TI - [Education. In keeping with the educational goals]. PMID- 6560886 TI - [Prevention. Counties and communities should encourage preventive activities]. PMID- 6560888 TI - [Reductions. Cooperation Committee certainly has proved itself a pacifier]. PMID- 6560889 TI - [Health insurance. Now allows payment for the treatment of ingrown nails]. PMID- 6560890 TI - [FTF (Joint Council for Civil Servants and Functionaries) Board. Economic policy which means dismissal]. PMID- 6560891 TI - [Pension Fund. Membership loan with mortgage on real estate]. PMID- 6560892 TI - [Pension Fund Administration. How the PKA is organized and what work it does]. PMID- 6560893 TI - [A hospital stay seen through the eyes of a hospital employee]. PMID- 6560894 TI - [Crisis and international exchange]. PMID- 6560895 TI - [Health care. Viewpoints and treatments]. PMID- 6560896 TI - [Education. A development as natural as in a greenhouse]. PMID- 6560897 TI - [Employment: great differences in conditions for reduced working time]. PMID- 6560898 TI - [Ideas are a means toward professional knowledge]. PMID- 6560899 TI - [Nursing research. There is little utilization of research]. PMID- 6560900 TI - [Health care activities in Kenya. Close up the problems look different]. PMID- 6560901 TI - [Childbirth in a small village in Kenya]. PMID- 6560902 TI - [No need for new education in the health sectors]. PMID- 6560903 TI - [Education. Proposal to push special nursing home assistants into resistance]. PMID- 6560904 TI - [Nursing: documentation is one of many tasks in home nursing]. PMID- 6560905 TI - [FTF (Joint Council of Civil Servants and Functionaries): clarification about membership in the main organizations]. PMID- 6560906 TI - [Institution and society. Katrinebjerg Center is not a necessary evil]. PMID- 6560907 TI - [We will be a step ahead in the development of Danish nursing. Interview by Pia Kristensen]. PMID- 6560908 TI - [Work environment. We have knowledge that compels us to be critical]. PMID- 6560909 TI - [Do politicians believe in eternal youth?]. PMID- 6560910 TI - [Inter-professional cooperation. Instruct but also require cooperation between professions]. PMID- 6560911 TI - [Work environment. An unacceptable risk factor that demands protection]. PMID- 6560912 TI - [Cytostatics. Strongly increasing use of cytostatics]. PMID- 6560913 TI - 1983 Convention. Address of ANA President Eunice Cole. PMID- 6560914 TI - 1983 Convention. Address of Governor James B. Hunt, Jr. PMID- 6560915 TI - 1983 Convention. Address of President Barbara Jo McGrath. PMID- 6560916 TI - RNs in top management, good salaries rank highest. PMID- 6560917 TI - Directions for nursing education and practice in Texas 1984-1995. Proposed Position State. PMID- 6560918 TI - Know your generics. The antitussive agents (nonnarcotic). PMID- 6560919 TI - [Today's brother (male nurse), tomorrow's director]. PMID- 6560920 TI - [Plasmapheresis (II) as part of the treatment]. PMID- 6560921 TI - [The nursing anamnesis - one of the tools of systematic nursing care]. PMID- 6560922 TI - [Mixed nursing care]. PMID- 6560923 TI - [Change in outlook: consequences of the choice]. PMID- 6560924 TI - [Psychotherapy and depression. On depression]. PMID- 6560925 TI - [Geriatric visit, 6. Nightly anxiety in old age]. PMID- 6560926 TI - [Medical information for nurses. The patient with breast cancer]. PMID- 6560927 TI - [Report GZ'83 is misleading! Farewell address by J. L. van Hasselt, president of the Section Mental Health Care of the NZR (National Hospital Council)]. PMID- 6560928 TI - [The developments concerning the MBO-V(p) (Intermediate Professional Education for Nurses), the development of a profession or of an education?]. PMID- 6560929 TI - [The patient rings the bell]. PMID- 6560930 TI - [Impressions of a trip to Ohio]. PMID- 6560931 TI - [Fight back or not?-A search for manifestations of (reputed) anti professionalism]. PMID- 6560932 TI - [Geriatric visit 7. Imminent immobility in old age]. PMID- 6560933 TI - [Practice management of HBOV (Higher Professional Education for Nurses) students]. PMID- 6560934 TI - [Medical information for nurses. The patient with multiple injuries. I. Initial admission and diagnosis]. PMID- 6560935 TI - [Behavior therapeutic treatments - preliminary considerations]. PMID- 6560936 TI - [Intervision for nurses - a recommendable matter]. PMID- 6560937 TI - [A new health care should seek the significance of illness and health in human life. The outcome of current health care teaches that control of disease does not necessarily lead to a healthy life]. PMID- 6560938 TI - [Fire prevention in intramural institutions]. PMID- 6560939 TI - [The human body: bag of bones or relation center? On movement and assistance in psychiatry. I]. PMID- 6560940 TI - [Blood pressure determination demands knowledge, care and skill]. PMID- 6560941 TI - The Air Force challenge. PMID- 6560942 TI - Expanding education in the Army OR. PMID- 6560943 TI - Navy OR nurses on the go. PMID- 6560944 TI - Operating room nursing: dialogue. PMID- 6560945 TI - My choice--nurse/mother. PMID- 6560946 TI - A holistic approach to extracapsular lens extraction. PMID- 6560947 TI - A fortunate accident: radial keratotomy. PMID- 6560948 TI - Symposium: argon-laser surgery in treating glaucoma. PMID- 6560949 TI - A not-so-patient viewpoint. PMID- 6560950 TI - Treating vision loss. PMID- 6560951 TI - Why don't nurses use contracts? PMID- 6560952 TI - Feature: men's health. Control vs surrender. PMID- 6560953 TI - Teaching TSE--a nursing responsibility. PMID- 6560954 TI - Health policy, politics, and policymaking. PMID- 6560955 TI - Examining behavioral parameters of cognitive style: muddling through. PMID- 6560956 TI - Nursing and computers: the present and implications for the future. PMID- 6560958 TI - Board memberships: nurses' responsibilities. PMID- 6560957 TI - Fact sheet: chemical dependency and nurses. PMID- 6560959 TI - Nurse, take care of you. PMID- 6560960 TI - Spotlight on Virginia's health policy makers. PMID- 6560961 TI - Settling the student's view of entry-level into nursing. PMID- 6560962 TI - [Nursing profession in England. In spite of electoral promises... now England's health services will be reduced]. PMID- 6560963 TI - [Criticisms by critics engenders criticism by critics]. PMID- 6560964 TI - [Nurses work as material consultants. Medical knowledge necessary when district councils go purchasing. Interview by Anika Agebjorn]. PMID- 6560965 TI - [Personnel should encourage breast feeding]. PMID- 6560966 TI - [Decisions in Health Care and Nursing Liability Committee]. PMID- 6560967 TI - [Babies or old people--all get help from Margaretha. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6560968 TI - [Cutting education. Poor and costly alternative for further education. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6560970 TI - [Wage claim formula. Concentration on intermediate wages favors SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees) members]. PMID- 6560969 TI - [Certainly we will find capital to negotiate about wages. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6560971 TI - [Portrait: Eva Lindstrom. Interview by Kristina Johnson]. PMID- 6560972 TI - [Nursing profession in England. Great Britain: new laws limit profession's freedom]. PMID- 6560973 TI - [Coordinated proposal from employers]. PMID- 6560974 TI - [Medical education in Malmo reduced. 400 SHSTF members become unemployed]. PMID- 6560975 TI - [SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees) refutes physicians' statements. Nursing services function thanks to efficient nurses]. PMID- 6560976 TI - [Well-educated nurses a prerequisite for good care]. PMID- 6560978 TI - Research rounds: how to pursue a hunch. PMID- 6560977 TI - Guidelines for registered nurses as client advocates. PMID- 6560979 TI - Are you glad to be you? PMID- 6560980 TI - Multiple sclerosis . . . . what's new? PMID- 6560981 TI - Nursing images. PMID- 6560982 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Localized xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus developed in a 41-year-old diabetic patient. She had recurrent bacteremia despite appropriate therapy with vancomycin. Nephrectomy was required for cure and clinical diagnosis. This report emphasizes differences in the clinical presentation and pathogenesis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis caused by S. aureus. Compared with the common form of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis caused by gram-negative bacilli, the localized disease due to S. aureus probably results from hematogenous seeding and is not associated with nephrolithiasis or ureteral obstruction. Furthermore, this report indicates that xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis may be caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus, a rapidly emerging nosocomial pathogen. PMID- 6560984 TI - Recognizing DMPA as a contraceptive. PMID- 6560983 TI - The efficacy of oral vs. IM meperidine. PMID- 6560985 TI - Dilemmas in practice. Selective treatment. PMID- 6560986 TI - Cervical logrolling on a standard hospital bed. PMID- 6560987 TI - Drugs in breast milk. PMID- 6560988 TI - Contracting for care. PMID- 6560989 TI - Getting enough to grow on. PMID- 6560990 TI - Home care today. Interview by Ena M. Morris and Jeanne D. Fonseca. PMID- 6560991 TI - Specialty teams in home care. PMID- 6560992 TI - Safety precautions in home chemotherapy. PMID- 6560993 TI - Treating pressure sores with or without antacid. PMID- 6560994 TI - So you want to be a ship's nurse. PMID- 6560995 TI - Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis. PMID- 6560996 TI - American Nurses' Association wage setting and evaluation: economic principles for registered nurses. PMID- 6560997 TI - Third-party reimbursement legislation for services of nurses: a report of changes in state health insurance laws. PMID- 6560998 TI - Standards of maternal & child health nursing practice. PMID- 6560999 TI - A ribonuclease assay: separation of product from undegraded aminoacyl-transfer RNA substrate. AB - A new rapid microassay for RNase is based on the extraction of the products of the degradation of aminoacyl-tRNA into ethyl acetate. The substrate, for example, f[3H]Met-tRNA, is not soluble in ethyl acetate but the product f[3H]Met nucleotide is extracted with high efficiency over a wide range of pH in phosphate buffer of high ionic strength. The limit digest of f[3H]Met-tRNA by RNase T1 in which the minimum-sized product should be f[3H]Met-hexanucleotide is also soluble in ethyl acetate. The assay is sensitive to 0.05 pg of RNase A, has a very low background, and is linear with enzyme concentration. The most economic substrate is unfractionated tRNA containing a small concentration of the radiolabeled aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 6561000 TI - A decade of nosocomial Acinetobacter. AB - A review of nosocomial infections (NI) from January 1971 to April 1981 was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital to examine NI caused by Acinetobacter and to determine whether a rising trend in rates could be detected. Acinetobacter accounted for 85 of 6115 (1.4%) NI. Sites of infection were respiratory tract (42.2%), blood (17.8%), peritoneum (16.7%), urinary tract (10%), surgical wounds (7.8%), central nervous system (3.3%), and skin or eye (2.2%). All patients who developed NI from Acinetobacter were receiving systemic antimicrobial therapy; 58.8% were in the intensive care unit (ICU). The highest rates of Acinetobacter infection occurred in the early 1970s (2.3%); the lowest occurred from 1978 to 1981 (0.94%), p approximately 0.06. This decrease primarily resulted from two factors: a reduction in cross-infections, probably related to a structural change in the ICU from open-bed ward to single rooms, and the elimination of peritoneal infections traced to contamination of dialysate solution. We conclude that in this institution no rise in the proportion of NI caused by Acinetobacter has occurred over the past decade; if anything, there is a downward trend. PMID- 6561001 TI - An epidemiologic study of postcesarean infection. AB - Cesarean section (CS) is associated with increased postpartum infectious morbidity, predominantly endometritis. In this prospective cohort study, endometritis was found in 28% of 229 patients who underwent consecutive CS from September 1979 to May 1980 at a university hospital. When the occurrence of bacteremia and wound infection was considered, the study found 31% of the patients were infected. Among the 20 potential epidemiologic and operative risk factors for infection that were studied, the most important were primary CS, membrane rupture, labor, and meconium staining (p = 0.0001). Failure to progress, breech presentation, and fetal distress were also significantly associated with infection (p = 0.001). Another factor correlated to the rate of infection was attendance by physician in training (p = 0.002). Discriminant function analysis was used to develop an equation that correctly classified, as infected or noninfected, 76% of a sample of CS patients (p = 0.004). This sample was not part of the original sample from which the discriminant function equation was developed. Finally toward the end of the study period, we observed a decrease in the infection rate among patients of house staff physicians. This decrease has resulted in similar infection rates for patients of attending physicians and patients of house staff physicians, which have continued to the present. PMID- 6561002 TI - Herpes zoster causing varicella (chickenpox) in hospital employees: cost of a casual attitude. AB - Varicella is a benign exanthematous disease of childhood, with adult infection usually occurring in the immunocompromised patient. Hospital employees may be exposed to the varicella virus through contact with patients having either varicella or herpes zoster. Two nurses developed varicella 11 and 15 days after contact with a patient with disseminated herpes zoster. Twenty-five susceptible employees were excluded from work. The cost to the hospital for this paid leave was $10,941. Additional nurses were hired to staff the 189 uncovered supplementary nursing shifts; the accrued cost was $8,093. Ninety patients were exposed. There were no secondary cases in either employees or patients. Nosocomial varicella in hospital employees can be both costly to the hospital and disruptive of patient care. Measures to prevent such an occurrence are discussed. PMID- 6561003 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: rules for pestilential contagion revisited. PMID- 6561004 TI - Abstract provides clue to source of pathogen. PMID- 6561005 TI - Error: percent in "underreporting of needlestick injuries" was "underreported". PMID- 6561007 TI - Labor Law hasn't met nurses' expectations. PMID- 6561006 TI - Monograph describes progress in women's fight for equal pay. PMID- 6561008 TI - Teaching about medication is role for nurses. PMID- 6561009 TI - Foundation builds support for nursing's hopes, dreams. PMID- 6561010 TI - As I see it... Megatrends move nursing ahead, says SNA executive. PMID- 6561011 TI - Care of severely impaired infant raises ethical issues. PMID- 6561012 TI - RNs take action against job hazards. PMID- 6561013 TI - As I see it... Where are the Republican nurses? PMID- 6561014 TI - Patient's right to decide is new value in health care. PMID- 6561015 TI - The role of nicotine in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. AB - An investigation was undertaken to evaluate the potential role of nicotine in the pathogenesis of pulmonary emphysema. The acute lethality and the pulmonary toxicity of a single endotracheally administered dose of nicotine were studied in Long-Evans rats. The 24-h LD50 of nicotine was established at 19.3 +/- SD 5.4 mg/kg. Subsequently, rats were treated with either nicotine alone (3 or 7.5 mg/kg), porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) alone (200 IU/kg) or PPE (200 IU/kg) followed 5 days later by nicotine (3 mg/kg). The selected dose of PPE was below the threshold dose for induction of emphysematous lesions. Cage and sham-treated control groups also were included in the investigation. Four weeks after treatment, extensive physiologic tests were conducted to evaluate the ventilatory, mechanical, and gas exchange functions of the lungs. Lung tissue specimens also were taken for estimation of tissue volume density. Although a few isolated incidents of significant intergroup differences were observed, no distinctive pattern of functional or structural change reminiscent of emphysema was noted in any of the experimental groups. It is concluded that endotracheal instillation of a single, relatively high, dose of nicotine neither induces nor augments the development of pulmonary emphysema in the rat. PMID- 6561016 TI - Emphysema and bronchial secretory cell metaplasia induced in hamsters by human neutrophil products. AB - Purified human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and a crude extract of human neutrophils (EXT) were administered intratracheally to hamsters, and their effects were determined 21 and 56 days later by measurement of lung statics and dynamics and by light microscopy and morphometry of the lungs. A dose of 450 micrograms of HNE (HNE 450) produced focal emphysema of moderate severity. The combination of HNE 450 and EXT (HNE 450 + EXT) produced no more severe emphysema than HNE 450 alone; EXT alone did not produce emphysema. The HNE 450, HNE 450 + EXT, and EXT all produced persistent secretory cell metaplasia in large intrapulmonary airways. In a second experiment, 40 micrograms of HNE (elastolytic activity equivalent to that in EXT), designated HNE 40, did not produce secretory cell metaplasia. Neither EXT nor EXT treated with the elastase inhibitor suc-ala-ala-pro-val chloromethyl ketone (EXT + CMK), which had a residual elastolytic activity equivalent to 15 micrograms of HNE, produced emphysema; both preparations caused bronchial secretory cell metaplasia 21 days after treatment. Values of maximal expiratory flow, measured 21 days after treatment, were reduced at points between 20 and 50% of vital capacity for HNE 450 and between 30 and 80% of vital capacity for HNE 450 + EXT; maximal expiratory flows were not significantly different from saline controls for HNE 40, EXT, or EXT + CMK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6561017 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial properties of FK 027, a new orally active cephem antibiotic. AB - FK 027 was more active than cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin against stock strains of a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria, including such opportunistic pathogens as Citrobacter and Enterobacter species and Serratia marcescens. FK 027 was significantly more active than the three reference drugs against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, indole-positive and negative Proteus species, Providencia species, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It was less active than cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin against staphylococci, but it was similar to cefaclor in its activity against streptococci. With few exceptions, FK 027 was active against strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis that were resistant to the reference agents. The bactericidal activity of FK 027 against various gram negative bacteria, including Proteus species, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, and S. marcescens, was greater than that of cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin. The therapeutic activities of FK 027 in mice infected with gram negative bacilli were far superior to the activities of cefaclor, cephalexin, and amoxicillin, but they were inferior to the activities of these reference drugs against infection with Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6561018 TI - Ethical decision making is an integral part of nursing. PMID- 6561019 TI - Computerizing an OR. PMID- 6561020 TI - The enterostomal therapist. An OR resource. PMID- 6561021 TI - What's new in surgery. The ACS Clinical Congress. PMID- 6561022 TI - Legislation. Your place in election year politics. PMID- 6561024 TI - Laser checks vision loss in histoplasmosis. PMID- 6561023 TI - Ambulatory surgery. Outpatient surgery works to satisfy the public and private sectors. PMID- 6561025 TI - Professionalism--a provocative view. PMID- 6561026 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse. Food additives: separating fact from fiction--Part II. PMID- 6561027 TI - The nurse and the law. High drama lay in nursing notes. PMID- 6561028 TI - Drug dosage forms: part one. PMID- 6561029 TI - A model for inservice education. PMID- 6561030 TI - Education: evolving frontiers in nursing. PMID- 6561031 TI - Positive results from a death education seminar. PMID- 6561033 TI - The swinging pendulum of nurse-doctor relationships. PMID- 6561032 TI - Role of trace elements in cancer. PMID- 6561034 TI - Effects of the father's presence or absence during a cesarean delivery. PMID- 6561036 TI - Scientific inquiry and authoritarianism in perinatal care and education. PMID- 6561035 TI - Employed breastfeeding mothers: problems they encounter. PMID- 6561037 TI - Six years' experience with vaginal births after cesareans at Booth Maternity Center in Philadelphia. PMID- 6561039 TI - Toward a new optimism. PMID- 6561038 TI - Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and gentamicin as a cause of outbreak of epidemic enteritis in a hospital. AB - During the month of February 1982 in an orthopedic department (37 patients admitted), episodes of diarrhoea occurred in 9 patients, one of these resulting in the death of one patient. From the stool cultures of the patients methicillin/gentamicin resistant S. aureus (MRGRSA) was isolated. The clinical, microbiological and epidemiological analysis demonstrated the staphylococcal origin of the enterocolitis. The statistical analysis brought to light a significant increase in the acquisition of the infection in relation to age, surgical intervention, catheter, ulcers and antibiotic therapy. The medical staff, colonized at hand and nose by the epidemic strain contributed probably to the transmission from person to person. Antimicrobial therapy with oral vancomycin of colonized patients and application of topical ointment (betadine) on personnel eliminated colonization with methicillin/gentamicin resistant S. aureus. PMID- 6561040 TI - Treating migraine with biofeedback: a nurse therapist's view. PMID- 6561041 TI - [Isolation and characterization of individual tRNA Leu 1,2,and 4 from the bovine udder]. AB - tRNA-Leu 1, tRNA-Leu 2 and tRNA-Leu 4 were isolated from a lactating cow mammary gland by combination of several chromatographic methods. Chromatography on a Sepharose 4B column with a reverse salt gradient was used as the first step. Individual tRNAsLeu were further purified by RPC-5 column chromatography at pH 4.5 and 7.5. For isolation of tRNA-Leu 2 a RPC-5 column was additionally used at pH 3.3 in the presence of 7 M urea. Using micro-column chromatography of Ti RNAases digests, it was demonstrated that tRNA-Leu 1 and tRNA-Leu 2+ are similar in their primary structure and differ essentially from tRNA-Leu 4. PMID- 6561042 TI - Report of the Expert Group on Drug Abuse Reduction. AB - An Expert Group on Drug Abuse Reduction, meeting at Vienna from 6 to 10 September 1982, indicated that effective approaches to the prevention and reduction of drug abuse should be based on an integrated strategy that harmonized a variety of measures and interventions; isolated measures were found to be seldom effective. It was also essential to promote positive alternatives to drug abuse. The full involvement of concerned non-governmental organizations, as well as the mobilization of community resources in programmes on prevention and reduction of drug abuse, held great potential. Information and educational and training programmes should be carefully designed for specific audiences. The training of personnel who could contribute to preventing and reducing drug abuse was most effective when carried out in a working environment and merited continued effort and the deployment of additional resources. All resources for the prevention and reduction of illicit demand for drugs should be allocated in response to identified needs and should aim at realistic targets. The use of these resources and their effects should be evaluated and monitored at all stages of their application. PMID- 6561043 TI - Preventive and treatment measures to reduce drug abuse: summary of responses to a survey of national programmes. United Nations Secretariat. AB - This article summarizes the salient points extracted from the responses of 67 Governments to a survey of national drug-abuse prevention and treatment programmes. The results of the survey were presented in more detail in E/CN.7/673, which was considered by the Commission on Narcotic Drugs at its seventh special session in February 1982. Most responses indicated that heavy reliance was placed on control and drug law enforcement to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. Some concern was expressed over the possibility that drug information or drug education that was ill-conceived or inaccurately targeted might arouse curiosity and experimentation. There had been relatively little in-depth evaluation of the effectiveness of either preventive or treatment measures that had been undertaken. The involvement of voluntary organizations, families, communities and groups of "high-risk" youth was generally regarded, however, as an essential feature of successful preventive and treatment work. A few responses indicated that the maintenance of heroin or other opiate addicts had been successful in reducing drug-related crime and other undesirable behaviour. Preventive education was most effective when presented within the broader context of health education, as well as civics or similar studies within the curriculum of schools and universities. School programmes were more effective when they involved communities. A considerable effort had been made to train medical personnel and those likely to come into professional contact with persons at risk. Shortages of trained staff and other resources were frequently mentioned as inhibiting factors. PMID- 6561044 TI - A review of the concerned parent movement in the United States of America. AB - Parent groups of various sizes, structures and emphases, whose common goal is to prevent drug use among young people, have grown rapidly in recent years throughout the United States of America. There are now more than 4,000 formal parent organizations striving to achieve a drug-free life for young people. The parent groups have unified into a nationwide parent movement, which has become the most influential force for the prevention of drug abuse in the country, affecting public laws, policies and attitudes. The parent groups are undertaking various activities within such areas as prevention, treatment and drug law enforcement to deal with problems of drug abuse. The leaders of the movement are predominantly volunteers, representing a variety of backgrounds. Such leadership has been able to ensure co-operation with social and public health services, and other agencies concerned. The parent movement has proved successful in formulating policies that are conducive to the prevention and reduction of drug abuse, and the recent decline in drug abuse has, to a certain extent, been attributed to the movement. PMID- 6561045 TI - The role of non-governmental organizations in the prevention and reduction of drug abuse: the Philippine experience. AB - A wide range of non-governmental organizations are involved in the prevention and reduction of drug abuse in the Philippines. The numerous activities and substantive achievements of non-governmental organizations in combating the problems of drug abuse are manifestations of their commitment to and involvement in an avowed partnership with the Government to promote care for young people and quality of life in general. The Dangerous Drugs Board, the Government's policy making and co-ordinating body, has facilitated and encouraged the development of existing approaches and strategies and, in co-operation with non-governmental organizations, has made drug-abuse prevention programmes more viable and relevant. This co-operation strengthened agency relationships, encouraged resource-sharing and generated a more balanced approach towards programme planning and implementation. The various government services, in co-operation with non-governmental organizations, have adopted the models and strategies that are action-oriented activities, primarily intended to promote positive values, attitudes, self-development, creative productivity and skills of young people. PMID- 6561046 TI - Preliminary findings of an epidemiological survey of drug addiction in Paris. AB - An epidemiological survey of drug addiction in the Paris region included three studies which were carried out in 1981 and 1982. The first study of 100 clinical records revealed, inter alia, that only a small proportion of drug addicts had been referred to the institution by parents, general practitioners and the medical and social services, while the majority of cases had decided spontaneously or in response to peer pressure to seek consultation. The second study, which concerned the latency time, showed that for the majority of addicts, less than three years elapsed between the first use of heroin and the first consultation and that, on average, one year elapsed between the time when the addict became aware of his or her dependence and the first consultation. The third study, which was ethnographic, indicated that the first request for treatment was most often not prompted by the onset of a physical disorder related to drug use or withdrawal but by a situation which involved a number of factors, particularly a feeling or being tired of drug addiction. PMID- 6561047 TI - Drug addiction among adolescents. AB - Of the 5,419 drug abusers who came to the attention of three regional centres in Portugal during the period 1978 to 1981, the great majority were young people. Of these, 65 per cent were in the 15-21 age group or younger; 57 per cent were male and 43 per cent were female. Among 4,338 drug abusers classified by the type of drug used, cannabis was most frequently abused (33 per cent), followed by opiates (24 per cent), barbiturate type (13 per cent), amphetamine type (11 per cent), hallucinogens (7 per cent), alcohol (5 per cent), cocaine (4 per cent) and others (3 per cent). Depression and narcissistic regression were often observed among young addicts, particularly those abusing opiates. Emphasis is placed on primary prevention and in this regard particular importance is attached to the strengthening of the identity of young drug abusers. PMID- 6561048 TI - The psychiatric nurse on the cancer unit. PMID- 6561049 TI - Pilot project for the confused elderly. PMID- 6561050 TI - The psychological aspect of dealing with physical disease. PMID- 6561051 TI - The "psy" function. PMID- 6561053 TI - Healthstyles: moving beyond disease prevention. PMID- 6561052 TI - Alkali burns from wet cement. AB - When water is added to the dry materials of Portland cement calcium hydroxide is formed; the wet cement is caustic (with a pH as high as 12.9) and can produce third-degree alkali burns after 2 hours of contact. Unlike professional cement workers, amateurs are usually not aware of any danger and may stand or kneel in the cement for long periods. As illustrated in a case report, general physicians may recognize neither the seriousness of the injury in its early stages nor the significance of a history of prolonged contact with wet cement. All people working with cement should be warned about its dangers and advised to immediately wash and dry the skin if contact does occur. PMID- 6561054 TI - Healthstyles basics: lifestyle and behavior change. PMID- 6561055 TI - Support: an important component of health promotion. PMID- 6561056 TI - Health contracting: the client's perspective. PMID- 6561057 TI - CNJ talks to Alison Black, health educator. Interview by Judith Banning. PMID- 6561058 TI - Sex education and the mentally retarded. PMID- 6561059 TI - Preventing global nuclear war! What can nurses do? PMID- 6561060 TI - We did everything we could! PMID- 6561061 TI - An act of negligence contributes to dismissal. PMID- 6561062 TI - Ambulatory cancer patients' perception of the physical and psychosocial changes in their lives since the diagnosis of cancer. PMID- 6561063 TI - Oncology transition services: partnerships of nurses and families. PMID- 6561064 TI - Programmed instruction: cancer care. Cancer prevention and detection. Breast cancer. PMID- 6561065 TI - Inhibition of liver metastases in murine colon adenocarcinoma by liposomes containing human C-reactive protein or crude lymphokine. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that liposomes containing LYNK or CRP inhibit lung metastases in mice bearing the malignant fibrosarcoma, T241. We have now extended these observations to the murine colon adenocarcinoma (MCA-38), which metastasizes to the liver. MCA-38 tumor cells (1 X 10(6)) were implanted in the wall of the cecum by orthotopic transplantation. Three-hundred twenty-six mice bearing such tumors were divided into four treatment groups as follows: (1) no treatment (2) liposomes containing control medium (3) liposomes containing LYNK, and (4) liposomes containing CRP. Treatment was started from day 2, day 18, or 34 after tumor implantation and it was administered on 3 days per week. Each treatment, given parenterally, consisted of 4 mumol liposomes (PS-PC, 1:1) containing the appropriate agents. Mice receiving liposomes containing LYNK or CRP had significantly fewer and smaller liver metastases (25%-28%), than those in the two control groups (53%-54%). Also, a significantly better survival was noted in the two treated groups than in the two control groups. The most likely mechanism of tumor inhibition appears to be through macrophage activation. In the Winn tumor neutralization test, peritoneal macrophages harvested from normal mice 24 h after a single injection of liposomes (2.5 mumol) containing LYNK or CRP markedly inhibited tumor growth when a mixture of effector-target cells (40 : 1) was injected in the footpad. These studies further confirm the suggested role of CRP as an 'immunomodulator' or 'biological response modifier' in yet another tumor system. PMID- 6561066 TI - Inhibition of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice by local microwave hyperthermia combined with immunomodulating Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45. AB - C-57 BL/6 mice with Lewis lung carcinoma were treated 2 weeks after tumor implantation with local microwave hyperthermia (2450 MHz, tumor temperature 43.5 degrees C, 30 min) and/or intratumoral or intraperitoneal injection of 1 mg cell walls of Propionibacterium granulosum KP-45. Tumor growth, survival time of the animals, and the delayed skin hypersensitivity to oxazolone were followed up, as well as the 3H-thymidine uptake of tumorous tissues and the number of lung metastases. The combined treatment of microwave hyperthermia with immunomodulating P. granulosum KP-45 resulted in significantly stronger inhibition of tumor growth than with each of these methods alone. The number of lung metastases could be significantly lowered, and the skin reactivity to oxazolone remained enhanced during the whole observation period (over 70 days after tumor implantation). The implications of the test observation are discussed. PMID- 6561067 TI - Immunogenic changes of murine lymphoma cells following in vitro treatment with aryl-triazene derivatives. AB - A series of dimethyl aryl-triazene derivatives and related monomethyl compounds were studied for their efficacy in mediating a strong increase in immunogenicity (i.e., chemical xenogenization, CX) of murine leukemic cells following in vitro treatment. It was found that all compounds under investigation were able to induce CX. The dimethyl derivatives were able to induce CX only after metabolic activation, whereas related monomethyl compounds were active per se. The antigenicity acquired by triazene-treated leukemic cells was very marked; intact hosts histocompatible with the parental line were able to reject up to 10(7) cells. Antigenic tumor cells retained their immunogenic properties even after a large number of transplant generations in the absence of the drug. This means that marked immunogenicity of triazene-treated cells is a stable and heritable characteristic. PMID- 6561068 TI - Suppression of antitumor immunity by macrophages in spleens of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. AB - We had shown previously that progression of MOPC-315 plasmacytoma growth is associated with an increase in the percentage of macrophages in the spleen as well as a decrease in the ability of tumor-bearer spleen cells to mount an antitumor cytotoxic response upon in vitro immunization. Here we provide evidence that macrophages in the MOPC-315 tumor-bearer spleen are responsible at least in part for the suppression of the generation of antitumor cytotoxicity. Accordingly, removal of most macrophages by depletion of phagocytic cells or Sephadex G-10-adherent cells from spleens of mice bearing a large tumor resulted in augmented antitumor immune potential. Also, Sephadex G-10-adherent spleen cells from tumor-bearing (but not normal) mice drastically suppressed the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity by normal spleen cells. The suppressive activity of these adherent cells did not reside in contaminating suppressor T cells, since it was not reduced by treatment with monoclonal anti Thy 1.2 antibody plus complement. The Sephadex G-10-adherent cell population from the tumor-bearer spleen suppressed the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity against autochthonous tumor cells but not against allogeneic EL4 tumor cells, and hence the suppression was apparently specific. The suppressive activity of the Sephadex G-10-adherent cell population from tumor-bearer spleens was overcome by treatment of the tumor-bearing mice with a low curative dose of cyclophosphamide. This immunomodulatory effect of a low dose of the drug in overcoming the suppression mediated by the Sephadex G-10-adherent cell population enables the effector arm of the immune system of tumor-bearing mice to cooperate effectively with the drug's tumoricidal activity in tumor eradication. PMID- 6561069 TI - Enhanced K-cell activity in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant disease. AB - We have analysed the influence of human malignant, inflammatory and infectious disease on the capacity of peripheral lymphocytes to mediate antibody-dependent haemolysis. The application of an enzyme-like kinetic model for measurement of maximal cytotoxic function has permitted reproducible and sensitive determinations of the K-cell function. The results show that malignant disease is associated with enhancement of ADCC capacity. PMID- 6561071 TI - Tax tips for nurses. PMID- 6561070 TI - Human tumour-induced inhibition of interferon action in vitro: reversal of inhibition by beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A). AB - Inhibitors of human interferon action that might be relevant to tumour resistance or escape mechanisms were investigated in a macrophage system. The effects of IFN on macrophage Fc gamma receptor expression were inhibited by three preparations: (1) a low-molecular-weight component of normal autologous serum; (2) a low molecular-weight component of carcinoma supernatant; and (3) physiological concentrations of retinol and retinoic acid. Since human carcinoma tissue contains abnormally high levels of retinoic acid-binding protein, the possibility that a tumour-associated retinoid contributes to tumour-induced inhibition in vitro was investigated. Inhibition of IFN action in vitro by retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) was found to be reversed by beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A). When tested in the tumour system beta-carotene also reversed inhibition by the human carcinoma-derived signal. These data are consistent with the view that at least one of the tumour-derived signals inhibitory towards IFN is a tumour-associated retinoid, although firm evidence for this must await further physicochemical characterization of the inhibitory signal(s). The present data clearly show, nevertheless, that human tumour-induced inhibition of IFN in vitro can be reversed by the pro-vitamin beta-carotene. PMID- 6561072 TI - Degradation of nucleic acids with ozone. III. Mode of ozone-degradation of mouse proline transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and isoleucine tRNA. PMID- 6561073 TI - [Intensive care of patients with acute respiratory failure]. PMID- 6561074 TI - [Nursing care in high-altitude pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6561075 TI - [Care of a patient with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6561076 TI - [Care of a patient with lower limb autotransplantation]. PMID- 6561077 TI - [Observations on the effect of air disinfection by ozone]. PMID- 6561079 TI - [Nursing psychology. IV]. PMID- 6561078 TI - [Traditional Chinese medicine in bedsores]. PMID- 6561080 TI - [Basic principles of several routine nuclear medicine studies. II]. PMID- 6561081 TI - [Report of a U.S. visit. II]. PMID- 6561082 TI - [Telemeter monitoring using magnetic tape in electrocardiography]. PMID- 6561083 TI - [Nursing care of patients with cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6561084 TI - [Nursing care in 135 cases with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6561085 TI - [Care of a patient with acute granulopenia]. PMID- 6561086 TI - [Cooperative technic of radical rectum extirpation in the operating room]. PMID- 6561087 TI - [Nursing cooperation in surgery for cerebral hydatid disease]. PMID- 6561088 TI - [Care of a patient with gas gangrene]. PMID- 6561089 TI - [Care of a patient with a pelvic fracture with associated complications]. PMID- 6561090 TI - [Nursing care in femoral fracture treated with a ladder-shaped compression steel plate]. PMID- 6561091 TI - [A study of the amount of dog blood and normal saline absorbed by gauze]. PMID- 6561092 TI - [Nursing care of patients with cervical carcinoma under radiotherapy]. PMID- 6561093 TI - [General survey and treatment of 6286 cases with gynecologic diseases]. PMID- 6561094 TI - [Observation and nursing care of 172 children with malnutrition]. PMID- 6561095 TI - [Etiological analysis of 895 children with nutrition anemia]. PMID- 6561096 TI - [Experience with subclavian infusions in children]. PMID- 6561097 TI - [Care of patients following removal of foreign bodies from the respiratory tract]. PMID- 6561098 TI - [The length of digestive tract intubation under fibrogastroscopic guidance]. PMID- 6561099 TI - [Nursing care of patients with reinfusion of ascitic fluid]. PMID- 6561100 TI - [Essential nursing care of elderly patients on prolonged bedrest]. PMID- 6561101 TI - [A brief talk about infusion rates]. PMID- 6561102 TI - [A study of penicillin sensitivity test using the iontophoresis method]. PMID- 6561103 TI - [Experience in giving injections in the outpatient department]. PMID- 6561104 TI - [Nursing psychology. V]. PMID- 6561105 TI - [Peracetic acid in disinfection and sterilization]. PMID- 6561106 TI - The influence of world trends upon health. PMID- 6561107 TI - [The dying child]. PMID- 6561108 TI - [Development potential of the child in relation to parent-child bonding]. PMID- 6561109 TI - [Development potential of the young child]. PMID- 6561110 TI - A glimpse at the nursing education system in the United Kingdom. With special reference to the Sheffield School of Nursing. PMID- 6561111 TI - Sexual health and the professional nurse. PMID- 6561112 TI - [The status of student nurse selection in 1983]. PMID- 6561114 TI - An island experience: nursing in St Helena. PMID- 6561113 TI - [The medicalization of society; an excursion in medical imperialism]. PMID- 6561115 TI - [New teaching methods? The effect of various teaching methods on achievement and time spending for goal accomplishment]. PMID- 6561116 TI - Investigation by HSRC. Paper read at a meeting of nursing administrators and organisers of nursing services of the Departments of Health and Welfare of the RSA and neighbouring states. PMID- 6561117 TI - [Kallikrein-kinin system and hypertension]. PMID- 6561118 TI - Echographic follow-up of an abdominal aortic aneurysm treated with a prosthetic bypass. AB - The history of a patient with two thoracoabdominal aneurysms and lumbar Pott's disease is reported. A bypass was implanted from the ascending to the abdominal aorta. In the postoperative course the patient experienced acute low back pain. Ultrasonography suggested patency of the vascular graft. Therefore the symptoms were attributed to the vertebral pathology, and so the correct treatment could be given. The utility of ultrasonography in the early postoperative course, when aortography is contraindicated, is stressed. PMID- 6561119 TI - Intravenous contrast bolus in computed tomography investigation of mass lesion. AB - Using bolus intravenous contrast (25-75 Renografin 60) and 5-second scanning capability, better definition of vascular anatomy as well as the vascular nature of mass lesions in the chest and abdomen could be demonstrated. The immediate higher concentration of iodine in vessels and organs following initial bolus, improves visualization of these structures dramatically when compared to drip infusion technique. A description of the technique and examples are shown. PMID- 6561120 TI - Action and side effects of small doses of buscopan in gastroduodenal radiography. A prospective study in 300 patients. AB - A study of the action and side effects of buscopan in examination of the stomach and duodenum is reported. Buscopan in doses of 10 or 20 mg i.v. exerts an adequate spasmolytic effect and is a safe drug without troublesome side effects. PMID- 6561121 TI - Metastatic leiomyosarcoma of the kidney with spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage. AB - Spontaneous subcapsular or perirenal hemorrhage is most often associated with a primary renal neoplasm which may be malignant or benign. No case of metastasis to the kidney causing such hemorrhage has been reported. The patient presented here had spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage due to metastasis to the kidney from a leiomyosarcoma of the uterus. PMID- 6561122 TI - Accuracy of lymphography in staging of prostatic and bladder carcinoma: 88 cases with aspirative cytological and postlymphadenectomy histological verification. AB - Lymphography was performed in 88 patients with prostatic (n = 51) or bladder (n = 37) carcinoma. The lymphographic findings were correlated to the cytological and histological staging obtained by means of transcutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy and/or pelvic lymphadenectomy performed after lymphography on the most frequently involved glands. The lymphographic diagnosis was confirmed in 90.7% of the patients. In 16 cases (18.1%) histology was not in accordance with the positive lymphogram and in 5 cases (5.6%) lymphography was false negative. The authors emphasize the high rate (35.5%) of normal-sized nodes with evident but minimal metastatic changes, cytohistologically verified. These are, in fact, metastatic lymphonodal lesions which escape ultrasonography and computed tomography. PMID- 6561123 TI - Sonographic detection of early gallbladder cancer. AB - During routine abdominal sonography and in cases of 'normal' gallbladder symptomatology, the sonographer may encounter an unsuspected early gallbladder cancer. 1 case report is presented in which a patient previously known with gallbladder concrements developed a primary gallbladder carcinoma within a period of 1 1/2 years. The clinical, pathological and prognostic features are discussed. PMID- 6561125 TI - Cars. PMID- 6561124 TI - Child abuse: the nursing officer's role. PMID- 6561126 TI - Motorbikes. PMID- 6561127 TI - Car allowances. PMID- 6561128 TI - Bicycles. PMID- 6561130 TI - Cell fusion. PMID- 6561129 TI - Interactions of human and bovine elastins with lipids: their proteolysis by elastase. AB - The elastase-catalyzed hydrolysis of elastin extracted from young and old human aortas was compared with that of elastin from a bovine source. The course of the elastolysis was followed in the presence of sodium taurocholate and some unsaturated fatty acids. The results obtained suggest interesting correlations between the effects of aging on elastin, interaction of elastin with lipids and its susceptibility to proteolysis by elastase. PMID- 6561131 TI - Cell fusion: introduction. PMID- 6561132 TI - Plant-animal cell fusions. AB - The successful fusion of plant protoplasts and animal cells depends on a variety of factors. A method using high pH, high Ca2+ concentration and raised temperature has advantages over the polyethylene glycol method first used to fuse plant and animal cells. Electric field-induced fusion will perhaps be superior to both methods. The readiness with which the two different cytoplasms fuse was found to influence the success of interkingdom fusions; the high pH/high Ca2+ method leads to more rapid and complete cytoplasmic fusion than the polyethylene glycol method. Immunofluorescence studies of the extent of plasma membrane interaction in plant-animal heterokaryons have been made, using antibodies to animal cell membrane components. The influence of the culture medium on the survival of plant-animal heterokaryons and on the dominance of one or other cell partner has also been investigated. Further studies should indicate whether both genotypes are functioning in such interkingdom heterokaryons. PMID- 6561133 TI - Transfer of plasma membrane proteins between cells using reconstituted membrane vesicles as shuttle vehicles. AB - Purified membrane glycoproteins from liver or hepatoma tissue culture cells were incorporated in a right-side-out orientation into reconstituted phospholipid vesicles by a detergent dialysis method. The phospholipids were purified from membrane preparations of rat liver. The protein:phospholipid ratio of the reconstituted vesicles was optimized for efficient transfer of vesicle contents to the recipient cells, usually mouse L cells. Fluoresceinated albumin incorporated into the lumen of reconstituted vesicles was used as a marker for transfer after polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion. The redistribution and fate of both the lipids and the transferred membrane proteins were analysed by microscopic and biochemical methods. A hepatocyte-specific binding protein for galactose- or galactosamine-terminated serum glycoproteins and a set of hepatoma cell plasma membrane glycoproteins were successfully transferred to the plasma membrane of mouse fibroblasts by these methods. The biological function of the hepatic binding protein, namely delivery of the galactose-terminated glycoprotein ligand to the lysosome for degradation, was imparted to the mouse fibroblast after transfer. Further, both the polypeptide and the carbohydrate moieties of a set of membrane proteins were degraded at about the same relative rates as they had in the original donor cells, after transfer to the plasma membrane of recipient mouse fibroblasts. These studies show that the technique of inserting membrane constituents into the plasma membrane of another cell can help to elucidate the route and mechanism of membrane protein function and turnover. PMID- 6561134 TI - Degradative fate of transplanted proteins. AB - The majority of cell proteins are non-cytosolic and are found in specific extracytosolic cytomorphological sites. Rat liver mitochondria and outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) vesicles were transplanted homologously into rat hepatocytes and heterologously into rat hepatoma (HTC) cells by polyethylene glycol-mediated organelle--cell or OMM vesicle-cell fusion. The subsequent destructive fate of these non-cytosolic proteins was studied. During culture of hepatocyte monolayers in conditions which give in vivo catabolic rates, the transplanted organelle proteins and monoamine oxidase were degraded at rates similar to in vivo rates, although the transplanted material was not found in the hepatocyte mitochondria. Degradation was preceded by internalization (1-6 h) of the transplanted material and its translocation to a perinuclear, vesicular cytoplasmic position. Prevention of translocation by the disruption of the cytoskeleton inhibited subsequent degradation. In contrast, rat OMM heterologously transplanted into HTC cells was patched, capped and internalized into 'unique' vesicles and degraded 2.5 times faster than in hepatocytes. In both hepatocytes and HTC cells mitochondrial protein degradation was partially susceptible to lysosomotropic agents. The results are discussed in terms of a protein turnover cycle which attempts to coordinate the biochemistry and cell biology of protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotic cells. PMID- 6561135 TI - Expression of mRNAs microinjected into somatic cells. AB - The microinjection of macromolecules into living somatic cells has been used to assess the biological activity of a wide variety of macromolecules. This article describes and evaluates the methodology of microinjection with micropipettes and reviews information on the expression of globin mRNAs injected into normal and transformed cultured cells. A brief account is also given of other mRNAs that have been successfully translated in cultured cells. PMID- 6561136 TI - Immunospecific vesicle targeting facilitates fusion with selected cell populations. AB - Antibody-directed targeting of vesicles to cells dramatically enhances polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion and microinjection. Sealed erythrocyte ghosts or liposomes, containing fluorescent bovine serum albumin, were targeted to murine spleen and thymus cells, and to lymphocyte and monocyte cell lines. In all cases, targeted cell populations showed substantial levels of microinjection, whereas populations treated with the fusogen in the absence of targeting were not significantly microinjected. Attachment of vesicles to selected cells was achieved by first labelling the cells with biotin-modified antibody and then treating them with avidin-coupled sealed ghosts or liposomes. Another approach to the promotion of selective fusion aims to alter the cell recognition properties of Sendai virus so that its fusogenic activity may be redirected to specific cellular targets. The agglutination and fusion of red cells by UV-inactivated Sendai virus were completely blocked by low concentrations of a Fab preparation of a monoclonal antibody against the viral haemagglutinin (HN) sites. Agglutination and fusion activity were restored in the presence of Fab-anti-HN by providing an alternative recognition system, namely, when the virus had been coupled with biotin and the red cells with avidin. Methods for facilitating microinjection by specifically directing vesicles to target cells may be particularly useful in overcoming barriers to the transfer of genes into lymphocytes by standard transfection techniques. PMID- 6561137 TI - Non-bilayer structures in membrane fusion. AB - Membrane fusion is an ubiquitous event in cell biology. One can distinguish two types of fusion: (i) outside/outside fusion, for example endocytosis, and (ii) inside/inside fusion, for example exocytosis. In spite of this difference in types of fusion in relation to membrane asymmetry and in spite of the large variety of lipid compositions encountered in biological membranes, a universal mechanism can be postulated for the role of lipids in membrane fusion. In this concept the lipids leave the bilayer configuration temporarily and locally. This notion, and the fact that any biological membrane contains a substantial amount of lipids which prefer the non-bilayer hexagonal II phase in physiological conditions, has led to the hypothesis that such hexagonal II phase lipids play a crucial role in membrane fusion. This proposition is strongly supported by model membrane experiments in which it has been demonstrated that factors such as Ca2+ and temperature, which trigger the transition from bilayer to hexagonal II phase, in fact induce membrane fusion. PMID- 6561138 TI - Electro-fusion of cells: principles and potential for the future. AB - Exposure of cells or liposomes to a brief pulse of a strong electrical field can result in a reversible breakdown of the outer membrane. Such breakdown results in an increase in permeability of the plasmalemma, which however re-seals after a short incubation (i.e. the original impermeability is restored). Two or more cells in contact can be made to fuse by this process, provided that the contact is close enough and that the pulse of the electrical field is short enough not to damage the cells. Methods of achieving this contact by electrical and magnetic fields are described. The magnetic method does not demand the use of the low conductivity media used earlier. Other possible modifications of this flexible technique are also described, and used to show how the technique can be modified in future, and how it may be applied to the fields of membrane research, medicine and plant breeding. PMID- 6561140 TI - Lessons for the study of membrane fusion from membrane interactions in phospholipid systems. AB - 'Fusion' in model systems usually refers to the decay of membrane configurations that are inherently unstable because of the method of preparation. Natural fusion is a controlled event during which the underlying forces and instabilities are subject to the additional effects of biochemical reactions. To understand biological fusion one must be able first to assess the interplay among these physical and chemical factors. This paper reviews traditional measurements of electrostatic double layer and electrodynamic van der Waals forces acting between bilayer membranes. It also describes the much stronger hydration forces that have now been systematically studied. An essential part of any fusion event is the ability of membrane surfaces to overcome or circumvent the hydration barrier in order to make contact. This may be accomplished through applied force, through bridging substances that displace water from the membrane surface, or through biochemical modification of surfaces. In model systems, destruction of the hydration layer can cause violent adhesion, membrane deformation, and rupture. Natural fusion proceeds by more subtle processes whereby interfacial forces are harnessed in ways not yet understood. PMID- 6561139 TI - Molecular aspects of sperm-egg fusion. AB - Fertilization, as one of the few well-studied physiological cell fusion systems, provides a glimpse of hierarchies of control that may exist in other membrane fusions as well. Sperm become fusogenic only after undergoing exocytosis from an apical vesicle; this acrosome reaction, induced by an egg surface component, confers upon the sperm the capacity to bind to and fuse with an egg. The acrosome reaction requires Ca2+ and Na+ and is mediated by a complex series of ionic alterations in sperm, including plasma membrane potential depolarization, Ca2+ influx, and increased intracellular pH. These changes take their toll of the sperm, which dies soon thereafter if it does not fertilize an egg. Sperm-egg fusion itself is rapid, with a negligible requirement for extracellular Ca2+, and is inhibited by depolarization of the egg plasma membrane potential. Gamete membrane fusion is followed by dramatic changes in egg physiology, including those that inhibit subsequent sperm-egg fusions. These blocks to polyspermy include a partial decrease in egg surface receptivity caused by egg membrane depolarization immediately after gamete fusion, followed by a complete inhibition of sperm entry due to a massive exocytosis from vesicles beneath the egg plasma membrane, with a concomitant change in the egg plasma membrane and cell coat. The sperm that has successfully fused with an egg contributes not only its genome, but cytoplasmic components as well. Some cytoplasmic constituents from the sperm, including several proteins, persist without degradation throughout early development; several remain localized in a single region. Whether these cytoplasmic components transferred from the sperm play a role in subsequent morphogenesis of the embryo is not clear. PMID- 6561141 TI - Should nurses give moral advice? PMID- 6561142 TI - Psychiatric nursing in the year 2000: from a nonsystem of care to a caring system. PMID- 6561143 TI - Reflections on collaboration and unification. PMID- 6561144 TI - Transformation: a key to shaping nursing. PMID- 6561145 TI - On research libraries. PMID- 6561146 TI - Nursing: 2000, an essay. PMID- 6561147 TI - A Caribbean weekend. PMID- 6561148 TI - Cardiac perfusion. PMID- 6561149 TI - Nursing diagnosis: its implications for the future. PMID- 6561150 TI - R.N.'s as non-traditional students: a faculty perspective. PMID- 6561151 TI - Why I chose to switch careers. PMID- 6561152 TI - Reflections of a non-traditional student. PMID- 6561153 TI - Nursing style. Dress for success. PMID- 6561155 TI - Learning from failing. PMID- 6561154 TI - How to protect yourself against malpractice. PMID- 6561156 TI - An open letter to Sandy. PMID- 6561157 TI - [Right iliac abdominal pain]. PMID- 6561158 TI - [Health personnel, technology and the relations with biomedical engineers]. PMID- 6561160 TI - [Contact lenses and esthetics--cosmetics]. PMID- 6561159 TI - [Measles-rubella vaccination campaign]. PMID- 6561161 TI - [Environment and quality of sleep in the hospital]. PMID- 6561162 TI - [A look at silastic foam dressings]. PMID- 6561163 TI - [The family nurse]. PMID- 6561164 TI - [Prospects of the patient with a colectomy]. PMID- 6561165 TI - [The young child in the hospital]. PMID- 6561166 TI - [Vertigo]. PMID- 6561167 TI - [Value of oxalic acid assay]. PMID- 6561168 TI - [Working in a hot environment]. PMID- 6561169 TI - [Brief loss of consciousness (classification)]. PMID- 6561170 TI - [The 3-to-6-year-old child alone in the hospital]. PMID- 6561171 TI - [Osteoporosis]. PMID- 6561172 TI - [Community health care that is professional...and progressive]. PMID- 6561173 TI - [The development of research at the School of Nursing Science at the University of Laval]. PMID- 6561174 TI - [Immediate care in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Professional education program]. PMID- 6561175 TI - [One day and Sylvie-Anne was no longer...]. PMID- 6561176 TI - [Legislative aspects: aiming at delegated actions]. PMID- 6561177 TI - Infant feeding formula contaminated by Enterobacter cloacae. PMID- 6561178 TI - Rubella in hospital employees. AB - In early 1982, 15 hospitals in Los Angeles County reported one or more serologically confirmed rubella cases among their employees. Secondary cases occurred at eight hospitals; overall, 56 cases were identified among employees, of which 28 were serologically confirmed. Testing of 2,061 employees revealed 1,770 (86%) with detectable antibody. A survey of 83 hospitals offering obstetrical services indicated only 42% (33 of 78) had an established rubella screening policy. Based on the results of this survey, the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services published recommendations for hospital rubella screening and immunization policies. PMID- 6561179 TI - Storage of human breast milk. AB - The bacteriologic content of expressed breast milk was studied in 30 mothers at the time of expression and after 24 and 48 hours of refrigeration. There were no significant differences in colony counts between the three time intervals. All samples contained Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, eight other species were found, including four which were gram-negative. All samples contained less than 10(6) colonies/ml, and there were no significant differences in mean colony counts between samples expressed at home and at the hospital. We conclude that it is bacteriologically safe to refrigerate expressed breast milk for up to 48 hours. PMID- 6561180 TI - Morganella morganii: epidemiology of bacteremic disease. AB - A retrospective review of microbiology records revealed 19 documented episodes of M. morganii bacteremia in 18 patients at a Veterans Administration hospital during a 5.5 year period. Thirteen of 19 bacteremias were related to nosocomial infections; 11 of the 13 nosocomial bacteremias occurred in surgical patients. Nine of the 13 patients with nosocomial bacteremia had received recent therapy with a beta-lactam antibiotic. The most common source of bacteremia was a postoperative wound infection (seven episodes). Only one episode was related to a urinary tract infection. Retrospective analysis showed that clusters of cases of M. morganii bacteremia had occurred almost yearly. This finding prompted a six month period of prospective monitoring of all cultures for M. morganii to identify human reservoirs in our institution. Sixty percent of all cultures growing M. morganii came from urine cultures, 18% came from wound cultures, and the remaining 22% came from a variety of body fluids or tube drainage. Thirty-one percent of patients harboring M. morganii were on the Surgical Service. M. morganii bacteremia most commonly occurs in postoperative patients who receive beta-lactam antibiotics. From the data in this study, M. morganii is an infrequent cause of bacteremia, and its presence in blood cultures may be an indicator of an environment conducive for an outbreak of nosocomial infection. PMID- 6561181 TI - Mothers' reasons for attending a child health clinic. PMID- 6561182 TI - A survey of child health clinics in Thanet, Kent. PMID- 6561183 TI - Heating status of over-75 year olds in South Wales. PMID- 6561184 TI - The work of a health visitor in a residential family unit. PMID- 6561185 TI - A glimpse of health care in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6561186 TI - Introduction to seven-day health visiting cover in Peterborough. PMID- 6561187 TI - The role of the health visitor in oncology. PMID- 6561188 TI - Management of behavioural disorders. A joint approach by parents, health visitors and a psychologist. PMID- 6561189 TI - An eczema baby--Is the mother's crisis recognized? PMID- 6561190 TI - [Hormones and breast feeding]. PMID- 6561191 TI - [Scholarship report. 1st International Congress on Psychoprophylaxis in Obstetrics]. PMID- 6561192 TI - [Gynecological care in midwifery education - a pedagogic evaluation model]. PMID- 6561193 TI - [From study days of the Swedish Midwifery Society. Human milk has unique contents]. PMID- 6561194 TI - [From study days of the Swedish Midwifery Society. Puerperal psychosis]. PMID- 6561195 TI - [Report of conference days. Basic midwifery education]. PMID- 6561196 TI - [Scholarship report: "Hygiene for the newborn--to bathe or to wash?"]. PMID- 6561198 TI - Effect of vanadate, a potent alkaline phosphatase inhibitor, on 45Ca and 32Pi uptake by matrix vesicle-enriched fractions from chicken epiphyseal cartilage. AB - Although alkaline phosphatase has been long associated with the mineralization process, its exact function remains to be elucidated. To clarify its possible role in matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization, we tested the effect of vanadate, a phosphate analogue and powerful competitive inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase activity, on calcium and phosphate uptakes by a matrix vesicle-enriched microsomal fraction. Vanadate was also tested in a hydroxyapatite-seeded ion uptake system to determine possible direct effects on mineral formation. The effect of vanadate on vesicle mineral ion uptake was complex; low dosages of vanadate (2-20 microM) were stimulatory to Ca2+ uptake, but were inhibitory to Pi. Higher dosages (greater than 67 microM) were inhibitory to both ions. The effect of vanadate on ion uptake was strongly influenced by the stage of vesicle loading; major effects were seen during the lag and early uptake phases, and minimal effects were seen in the terminal stages. Concentrations of vanadate highly inhibitory to vesicle ion uptake had minimal effects on ion accretion by a hydroxyapatite-seeded system. Inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity by vanadate broadly paralleled inhibition of Pi and Ca2+ uptake; however, at low vanadate concentrations, inhibition of Pi uptake closely paralleled that of alkaline phosphatase. The data indicate that vanadate binds with high affinity to Pi-loading sites, blocking initial Pi uptake. Complexation between vanadate and Ca2+ may be responsible for the stimulation of Ca2+ uptake at early stages of vesicle ion loading with low levels of vanadate by enhancing binding of Ca2+ to the vesicles. It may also account for the selective inhibition of Ca2+ uptake during the rapid stage of vesicle ion loading with high levels of vanadate by reducing Ca2+ ion activity. The close parallelism between inhibition of early Pi uptake and of alkaline phosphatase activity supports the concept that alkaline phosphatase is involved in Pi transport during the early stages of matrix vesicle ion loading. However, the fact that only about half of the Pi uptake was affected by vanadate, despite the progressive inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity, indicates that alkaline phosphatase is not solely responsible for Pi uptake by the matrix vesicle-enriched fraction. PMID- 6561197 TI - Angiotensin is not required for hypoxic constriction in salt solution-perfused rat lungs. AB - It has been reported that angiotensin II is specifically required for hypoxic vasoconstriction in rat lungs perfused with physiological salt solution. However, studies with other preparations indicate that angiotensin II does not play a necessary role in the mechanism of hypoxic vasoconstriction. In an attempt to resolve this disagreement I investigated in salt solution-perfused rat lungs whether vasoactive agents other than angiotensin II would induce hypoxic vasoconstriction, and, if so, whether the effect was due to selective action on the hypoxic mechanism or to a nonspecific increase in vascular reactivity. The results showed the development of hypoxic pressor responses after addition to perfusate of plasma, angiotensin II, KCl, vanadate, 4-aminopyridine, or norepinephrine plus propranolol. In contrast, addition of saline (control), ouabain, or tetraethylammonium chloride did not induce hypoxic vasoconstriction. Saralasin inhibited the effect of angiotensin II, but not that of plasma. Induction of responsiveness to hypoxia was associated with an increase in normoxic perfusion pressure and with potentiation of pressor responses to KCl. These results suggest that angiotensin II does not play a unique, integral role in the hypoxic mechanism, but instead is only one of many substances that will induce hypoxic pressor reactivity by reversing the vascular hyporeactivity of salt solution-perfused rat lungs. PMID- 6561199 TI - Arginine modification in elastase. Effect on catalytic activity and conformation of the calcium-binding site. AB - Chemical modification of 2 +/- 0.5 arginine residues of porcine pancreatic elastase by 1,2-cyclohexanedione leads to an 85 +/- 5% loss of activity with the specific substrate N-succinyltrialanine p-nitroanilide. Modification of additional arginines does not completely abolish the enzyme activity. The modification reaction is very fast (second order rate constant = 0.24 M-1 S-1) and involves only arginine residues. Acetyltetraalanine or trifluoroacetyltetraalanine decreases the rate of cyclohexanedione-induced inactivation of the enzyme but does not significantly change the number of modified arginine residues. Other dicarbonyl reagents, butanedione or phenylglyoxal, also react with elastase but at much lower rates. Cyclohexanedione modified elastase is partially active against a series of synthetic substrates of varying chain length. The partial inhibition results from a 2- to 5-fold increase in Km while kappa cat is increased for most substrates. For N-succinyltrialanine p-nitroanilide both the acylation and deacylation rate constants are decreased. The Ki values of a series of acetylated and trifluoroacetylated inhibitors increase 2- to 5-fold. Modified elastase is still able to react with fibrous elastin and with plasma alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor but at significantly lower rates. Modification of one arginine residue alters the properties of the calcium binding site of elastase as demonstrated by terbium luminescence experiments. The affinity of enzyme for terbium is decreased by a factor of 10 and the circularly polarized luminescence spectrum of the terbium-elastase complex is considerably flattened. Modification of further arginine residues does not increase the extent of these alterations. Circular dichroism shows that the overall conformation of elastase is not altered following arginine modification. We speculate that the two residues modified by cyclohexanedione are Arg 65, located at about 8 A from the metal ion-binding site, and Arg 217A, located at the S'3 subsite of elastase. PMID- 6561200 TI - Reaction of azapeptides with human leukocyte elastase and porcine pancreatic elastase. New inhibitors and active site titrants. AB - The reaction of a series of azapeptides with porcine pancreatic (PP) elastase and human leukocyte (HL) elastase has been studied and a series of new inhibitors and active site titrants were found for both PP elastase and HL elastase. Azapeptide p-nitrophenyl esters acylate both HL and PP elastase to form stable acylenzymes, which can be used for crystallographic studies. We have investigated the effect of a P1, P2, or P3 aza-amino acid residue on the reactivity of azapeptides with elastase. We have also studied the effect of changing the nature of the P1' leaving group and other portions of azapeptide structure. N-Acetyl-L-alanyl-L alanyl-alpha-azaalanine p-nitrophenyl ester, N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-alpha azanorleucine p-nitrophenyl ester, and N-acetyl-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-alpha azanorvaline p-nitrophenyl ester are suitable titrants for either PP or HL elastase. PMID- 6561201 TI - Role of vasopressin in regulation of renal kinin excretion in Long-Evans and diabetes insipidus rats. AB - To study the relationship between vasopressin and the renal kallikrein-kinin system we measured the rate of excretion of kinins into the urine of anesthetized rats during conditions of increased and decreased vasopressin level. The excretion of immunoreactive kinins in Brattleboro rats with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) (24 +/- 3 pg min-1 kg-1) was lower than in the control Long Evans (LE) rats (182 +/- 22 pg min-1 kg-1; P less than 0.05). The DI rats also exhibited negligible urinary excretion of immunoreactive vasopressin, reduced urine osmolality, and increased urine flow and kininogenase excretion. In LE rats, volume expansion by infusion of 0.45% NaCl-2.5% dextrose to lower vasopressin secretion reduced (P less than 0.05) kinin excretion, vasopressin excretion, and urine osmolality to 41, 26, and 15% of their respective control values, while increasing (P less than 0.05) urine flow and kininogenase excretion. On the other hand, the infusion of 5% NaCl, which promotes vasopressin secretion, increased (P less than 0.05) the urinary excretion of kinins and vasopressin to 165 and 396% of control, while increasing (P less than 0.05) urine flow and kininogenase excretion. Infusion of vasopressin (1.2 mU/h, intravenous) enhanced (P less than 0.05) kinin excretion by two to threefold in DI rats and in LE rats during volume expansion with 0.45% NaCl-2.5% dextrose, while decreasing urine flow and increasing urine osmolality. This study demonstrates that the urinary excretion of immunoreactive kinins varies in relation to the urinary level of vasopressin, irrespective of urine volume and osmolality and of the urinary excretions of sodium and kininogenase. The study suggests a role for vasopressin in promoting the activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in the rat. PMID- 6561203 TI - Increasing dividends. PMID- 6561202 TI - Cleavage of human high molecular weight kininogen markedly enhances its coagulant activity. Evidence that this molecule exists as a procofactor. AB - High molecular weight kininogen (HMW)-kininogen, the cofactor of contact activated blood coagulation, accelerates the activation of Factor XII, prekallikrein, and Factor XI on a negatively charged surface. Although prekallikrein and Factor XI circulate as a complex with HMW-kininogen, no physical association has been demonstrated between Factor XII and HMW-kininogen, nor has the order of adsorption to surfaces of these proteins been fully clarified. In this report we explore the requirements for adsorption of HMW kininogen to a clot-promoting surface (kaolin), in purified systems, as well as in normal plasma and plasma genetically deficient in each of the proteins of the contact system. The fraction of each coagulant protein associated with the kaolin pellet was determined by measuring the difference in coagulant activity between the initial sample and supernatants after incubation with kaolin, or by directly quantifying the amount of 125I-HMW-kininogen that was associated with the kaolin pellet. In normal plasma, the adsorption of HMW-kininogen to kaolin increased as the quantity of kaolin was increased in the incubation mixture. However, the HMW kininogen in Factor XII-deficient plasma did not absorb appreciably to kaolin. Furthermore, the quantity of HMW-kininogen from prekallikrein-deficient plasma that adsorbed to kaolin was decreased as compared with normal plasma. These observations suggested that HMW-kininogen in plasma must be altered by a reaction involving both Factor XII and prekallikrein in order for HMW-kininogen to adsorb to kaolin, and to express its coagulant activity. Subsequently, the consequence of the inability of HMW-kininogen to associate with a negatively charged surface results in decreased surface activation. This assessment was derived from the further observation of the lack of prekallikrein adsorption and the diminished Factor XI adsorption in both Factor XII-deficient and HMW-kininogen-deficient plasmas, since these two zymogens (prekallikrein and Factor XI) are transported to a negatively charged surface in complex with HMW-kininogen. The percentage of HMW-kininogen coagulant activity that adsorbed to kaolin closely correlated (r = 0.98, slope = 0.97) with the amount of 125I-HMW-kininogen adsorbed, suggesting that adsorption of HMW-kininogen results in the expression of its coagulant activity. Since kallikrein, which is known to cleave HMW-kininogen, is generated when kaolin is added to plasma, we tested the hypothesis that proteolysis by kallikrein was responsible for the enhanced adsorption of HMW-kininogen to kaolin. When purified HMW-kininogen was incubated with purified kallikrein, its ability to absorb to kaolin increased with time of digestion until a maximum was reached. Moreover, (125)I-HMW-kininogen, after cleavage by kallikrein, had markedly increased affinity for kaolin than the uncleaved starting material. Furthermore, fibrinogen, at plasma concentration (3 mg/ml), markedly curtailed the adsorption of a mixture of cleaved and uncleaved HMW-kininogen to kaolin, but was unable to prevent fully cleaved HMW-kininogen from adsorbing to the kaolin. Addition of purified kallikrein to Factor XII-deficient plasma, which bypasses Factor XII-dependent contact-activation amplified the ability of its HMW kininogen to adsorb to kaolin. These observations indicate that HMW-kininogen is a procofactor that is activated by kallikrein, a product of a reaction which it accelerates. This cleavage, which enhances its association with a clot-promoting surface in a plasma environment, is an event that is necessary for expression of its cofactor activity. These interactions would allow coordination of HMW kininogen adsorption with the adsorption of Factor XII, which adsorbs independently of cleavage, to the same negatively charged surface. PMID- 6561204 TI - Considering alternatives: a form of adaptation. PMID- 6561205 TI - Pelvic exenterations. PMID- 6561206 TI - Containment of fecal incontinence by the use of a perianal pouch. PMID- 6561207 TI - IAET strategic planning report. Part VIII. PMID- 6561209 TI - Study guide for ostomy products. PMID- 6561208 TI - Reusable appliances. PMID- 6561210 TI - Recognizing peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum. PMID- 6561211 TI - Responses to IAET educational assessment symposium. PMID- 6561212 TI - Research with the mentally retarded and mentally ill: rights and duties versus compelling state interest. AB - This paper examines the assumptions underlying the ethical reasoning involved when the natural right to informed consent has been violated. Ramifications of the compelling need of the state to protect society by overriding the rights of individual freedom receive special attention. Specifically these issues are addressed: natural rights versus state's rights to preserve rights, state's rights versus parental autonomy, rights and duties versus paternalism, self interest and self survival versus the common good, coercion versus progress in research, and benefit versus cost. Building on these ethical considerations, the authors present a theoretical framework for ethical decision making with research involving the mentally retarded and the mentally ill. PMID- 6561213 TI - The management of schizophrenic patients: the nurses' view. AB - A small study is described in which nurses were asked how they deal with specific management problems in schizophrenia. Their responses suggest that their approach may provide valuable information for both professionals and relatives. PMID- 6561214 TI - Stress and coping: constructs for nursing. AB - 'Stress' is considered to be an important construct for consideration by nurses, as it helps in the understanding of the patients' responses to illness. In this paper there is an exploration of conditions under which stress may occur. 'Coping' is also discussed. Coping potentially reduces stress either by dealing with demands and stressors, or with their effects on the individual. PMID- 6561215 TI - Staff-patient communication in coronary care units. AB - It is now over 20 years since coronary care units (CCUs) began to be opened. The purpose of providing constant observation for patients with myocardial infarction, and immediate specialized treatment when necessary has been fulfilled. But there is increasing evidence that psychosocial aspects of care may be just as important to the patients' total well-being as physical care. Communication is a key factor, and since nurses are the staff members most constantly present in CCUs they can exert considerable influence on communication between patients and their visitors, nurses and perhaps other staff. But patients are all individuals who each have their own ways of reacting to illness. If their particular communication needs are to be met then this aspect of nursing care must be planned, based on careful preliminary assessment. There is some evidence that nurses' communication skills are not always well-developed. This is not surprising since there has been little structured and knowledge-based teaching of interpersonal skills in basic nurse education in the United Kingdom in the past, or in many other countries. Communication is a major component of care which merits more consideration, including the needs of patients, visitors and nurses; the aims of nurse-patient-visitor communication; and approaches to improving it. PMID- 6561216 TI - Ethnography: contributions to nursing research. AB - Health and illness behaviour occur within a cultural context. Ethnographic methodology facilitates an investigation of the context in which people's health beliefs and practices evolve as well as serving to identify the cultural components of health and illness. Ethnography is primarily an inductive mode of research which may utilize several methods of data collection. Participant observation, used in conjunction with interviewing, is the most frequently used data-gathering technique. Sampling procedures in ethnography must be addressed in relation to persons interviewed and/or observed, events to be seen, topics to be considered and time frames to be established. The ethnographic method creates difficulties in establishing reliability as techniques for gathering data are highly individualistic and involve a complex admixture of observations, structured and unstructured interviews, and other procedures. The lengthy stay in a community, as well as the extensive and in-depth data-collection procedures contribute to validity of the findings and their interpretation. Data analysis is time consuming and complex. Ethnography is concerned with the context of discovery, rather than verification, and leads to narrative descriptions and interpretations of cultural phenomena. Ethnography is a means for gaining access to the health beliefs and practices of a culture. In a practice profession such as nursing, improved understanding of the meaning of clients' behaviour will enhance nursing judgements and improve nursing care. PMID- 6561217 TI - 'We didn't want him to die on his own'--nurses' accounts of nursing dying patients. AB - This paper is based on nurses' accounts of their experiences of nursing dying patients, and the attitudes towards such work which they expressed. Nurses reported high levels of emotional involvement with their dying patients and expressed a preference for being honest with them about their condition. They preferred to nurse patients who were aware of their death rather than those who were not. Structural aspects of the ward organization which facilitate such action and attitudes are identified. PMID- 6561218 TI - Patient satisfaction: care of the elderly. AB - A small pilot study concerned with elderly patients' feelings about their stay in hospital was carried out, the purpose being to discover how satisfied patients were with the facilities and certain aspects of care in a modern geriatric assessment unit within one of the largest, most recently opened hospitals in one of the major cities in the country. Information was collected by means of a questionnaire and interview following the patients' discharge from hospital. Satisfaction with hospital stay was high amongst both male and female patients. Certain aspects in the provision of 'modern' facilities seemed particularly pleasing to the patients interviewed. Interesting differences were demonstrated between male and female patients with regard to mobility patterns before discharge and also satisfaction with communications between male and female patients and those involved with their care. It is anticipated that following this pilot study the areas of difference and of dissatisfaction can be looked at more specifically in a future study of elderly patients. PMID- 6561219 TI - Nursing research: a position paper. AB - It is argued herein that orthodox approaches to nursing research reflect a fundamental misunderstanding concerning the nature of nursing, a misunderstanding that results in the production of findings that are perceived as irrelevant to clinical practice. The reasons for this are analysed and two specific research monographs, Hayward (1975) and Ogier (1982) are criticized where appropriate in order to illuminate the analysis. Nursing is explicated as a social phenomenon and practice discipline and the peculiar suitability of action research to its investigation is demonstrated. PMID- 6561220 TI - The serious import of humour in health visiting. AB - Using a typical example this paper illustrates how health visitors use humour in child health clinics to introduce subjects on which health visitor and client may have different views. PMID- 6561221 TI - Focus on developments in British nursing. The relevance of post-basic courses to graduate nurses. PMID- 6561222 TI - Nursing research--nursing education. PMID- 6561223 TI - Experiences in the provision of degree courses for registered nurses. PMID- 6561224 TI - Who cares about Mr. D? PMID- 6561226 TI - Facets of dementia. PMID- 6561225 TI - Exploding aging myths through retirement counseling. PMID- 6561227 TI - From wife to widow: a changing lifestyle. PMID- 6561228 TI - Elastase as a marker for neutrophilic myeloid cells. AB - The immunohistochemical results obtained with antibodies directed against human neutrophil elastase is described. It was found that neutrophil elastase can be used as a specific marker of cells of the neutrophilic lineage. In normal hematopoietic cell preparations, only promyelocytes and more differentiated myeloid cells stain positive for elastase. In acute or chronic myeloid and myelomonocytic leukemia, the same neutrophil myeloid cells stain positive, whereas neoplastic cells of the monocytoid line are negative. Using elastase in conjunction with other markers, it is possible to differentiate easily the involvement of different cell lines in myeloproliferative diseases. PMID- 6561229 TI - Quantitation of complement factor D in human serum by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay is described which quantitates human D to 1-2 ng/ml. The assay was used to measure the concentration of D in normal and acute-phase sera and sera from individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus. All 3 groups of sera had comparable levels of D with mean values of 1.8, 2.3 and 2.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Also tested were sera decomplemented in vitro by activators of the classical and alternative pathways. The results indicated that D is not depleted by alternative or classical pathway activation. However, heat inactivation (56 degrees C, 30 min) of serum resulted in almost complete loss of antigenic D. PMID- 6561230 TI - The first in vitro fertilization pregnancy in Louisiana. PMID- 6561231 TI - Urologic problems in the geriatric population. PMID- 6561232 TI - EKG of the month. Atrial anarchy. PMID- 6561233 TI - The case of the "paired control". PMID- 6561234 TI - Characterization of three highly purified influenza virus strains by electron microscopy. AB - Mass determinations on highly purified influenza virus preparations were performed using the technique of scanning transmission electron microscopy. The masses of the three strains, X49, B/Singapore/222/79 and B/Hong Kong/8/73 were determined. The average value was 174 X 10(6) daltons with only small differences between the three strains. The mass of virus particles after removal of the protruding spike proteins, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase by bromelain treatment was determined to be 86 X 10(6) daltons. From the mass difference and the known molecular weight of the spike proteins the number of spikes was estimated to lie in the range 400 to 500. PMID- 6561235 TI - Managing the professional nurse. Part I. The organizational theories. AB - How do employment organizations outside the hospital field deal with issues such as staff productivity, motivation, burnout, and high turnover? In Part I of this two-part article, the author presents an overview of modern management theory and practice, drawn from the literature on organizational behavior. She shows how nursing administrators can use this scholarly foundation to better understand the organizing principles and problems of their departments. In Part II (to be published in March 1984), the author applies these classic and relevant theories to the specific challenges that face the manager of professional nurses. PMID- 6561236 TI - Nurse staffing in long-term care facilities. PMID- 6561237 TI - The nurse executive role. A structural and functional analysis. AB - This study analyzes the structure and functions of the position of nurse executives to determine competencies required in the role, to provide a base for planning educational programs, and to identify areas for future research. These nurse executives have a dynamic role, one that has evolved as a result of role making on their part. In interviews they show a concern for meeting society's nursing needs. The interviews also show that in their positions at the executive level of the organization, they deal with complex patterns of interactional behaviors and have an ever-evolving role as the organization's power structure changes. Implications emerge for educational preparation that will help executives in their roles as nurse, administrator, and educator/researcher. PMID- 6561238 TI - Managing the professional nurse. Part II. Applying management theory to the challenges. AB - In Part I of this article, the author reviewed the ideas of some of the major administrative thinkers over the past 30 years. Having set the stage with an overview of current thinking in the general area of management theory, the author here examines some of the specific challenges involved in managing the professional nurse. Often, these problems are unique and the management theorists offer only limited help. In other instances, management theory is directly relevant. The author addresses the following four broad categories that are unique to the profession of nursing: nursing as a female profession, professionalism and the lack of it, stress and burnout, and expectancy congruence. PMID- 6561239 TI - The realities of policymaking. Can nurses have an impact? AB - Nurse executives have the access and organizational support to effectively influence national health policymakers. The author shows how nurses who wish to formulate and change policy should be prepared to forge alliances, do their homework, and bring their case before the public. By analyzing real-life situations in Australia and Michigan, she shows how policymaking actually works, and offers step-by-step guidelines for nurses who wish to assume a leadership role. PMID- 6561240 TI - Changing service-education relationships. The impact of primary nursing. AB - Implementation of primary nursing in one hospital significantly altered the traditional relationships among nursing students, faculty, and the primary nurses. A committee made up of faculty, staff, and administration was established to consider the effects of the change and make the transition to primary nursing smooth. Out of the collaboration came a policy that assured more meaningful student learning experiences and quality patient care. The authors present some significant parts of that policy in this article. PMID- 6561241 TI - Implementing self-scheduling. AB - Self-scheduling is one method that nurse administrators can use to increase their staff nurses, feelings of autonomy and job satisfaction. In this article the author describes the benefits of self-scheduling and presents a model for implementing this system. PMID- 6561242 TI - Future directions for nursing administration. AB - As the age of centralization wanes, nurse executives must look ahead. The author, noting a terrain obscured by the increasing complexity of nursing practice, points out the advantages of decentralizing decision making and of providing a distinctive nursing stamp to research and administration theory. Nurse executives, trained in management from early in their professional formation, can provide enlightened direction and flexible support for tomorrow's opportunities. PMID- 6561243 TI - Hospitals not best source of home health care. PMID- 6561244 TI - Utilize existing home health agencies. PMID- 6561245 TI - The operating room. A complex challenge for the nursing administrator. AB - The authors of this article show why nursing administrators need to be familiar with the complex operating room (OR) environment. They describe the management milieu in this high revenue-producing area of the hospital, and offer helpful suggestions for solving or at least ameliorating a number of problems that challenge OR directors and administrators. PMID- 6561246 TI - Choosing successful managers. Participative selection can help. AB - The attitude and behavior of first line managers can greatly influence the success of any health care organization. Managers directly affect 90 to 95 percent of the workers in a hospital. This article offers a specific description of a new process that allows staff to participate in management selection. The author shows how the process, which is a truly participative form of management, increases the success potential of new health care managers. PMID- 6561247 TI - Progressive discipline in nursing. Arbitrators' decisions. AB - Nursing administrators occasionally must appear before an arbitrator during a hearing to present evidence about the disciplining or discharge of a nursing staff member. Labor arbitrators will examine the record for evidence of appropriate discipline, including progressive discipline, which gradually increases the severity of penalties. This gives the employee adequate warning about improper behavior and an opportunity to respond. The author describes progressive discipline, identifies its elements, and shows cases in which arbitrators have either upheld or overturned hospitals' disciplinary measures. Nursing administrators will discover guidelines for progressive discipline that will help them in either avoiding a demand for arbitration or convincing the arbitrator that disciplinary measures were appropriate. PMID- 6561248 TI - The employment interview. Avoiding discriminatory questioning. AB - The potential for legal action against health care institutions for unlawful preemployment interviews has never been greater. This article shows how to avoid discriminatory questions when interviewing job applicants in the health care setting. The author presents guidelines for helping nursing administrators obtain necessary information without violating the basic rights of the potential employee. PMID- 6561249 TI - Developing prospective managers. Part 1. A unique project. AB - This is the first in a series of three articles that describes a project to determine how feasible and effective it would be to train selected nurses as managers before actual appointment. This management trainee program is unique in that participants were specifically limited to BSN graduates with a maximum 1 year of clinical experience. Participants also were expected to complete an individualized competency-based development program, not a traditional course. The first article describes development of the project at Stanford University Medical Center. Subsequent articles will describe the evaluation, assessment, and learning methods used; the problems of candidate selection; and participant experiences and program results. PMID- 6561250 TI - On nurse-midwifery legislation. PMID- 6561251 TI - Legislation and nurse-midwifery practice in the USA. PMID- 6561252 TI - Loneliness. PMID- 6561253 TI - Postoperative respiratory distress: life or death? PMID- 6561254 TI - Your ce topic this month (No. 10). Anti-inflammatory adrenocortical steroids. PMID- 6561255 TI - A new inductive applicator for hyperthermia. AB - We have designed a new type of applicator for inductive heating which consists of a one-turn, square, column-like coil, through which RF current flows. The material to be heated is placed alongside one of the external sides of the coil. The depth of penetration from an applicator with a height of 20 cm, width of 20 cm, depth of 60 cm was calculated to be 11.7 cm. However, in experiments using a muscle-equivalent agar phantom 60 cm X 60 cm X 60 cm, the penetration depth proved to be 9.6 cm; but in another experiment using a smaller phantom 20 cm X 40 cm X 60 cm, the penetration depth was 6.3 cm. This means that the depth of penetration depends not only on the size of the applicator but also on the shape of the material heated. Our study clearly showed that this applicator produces much less heat in the fat layer than in the muscle layer and should be an inductive applicator suitable for deep heating cancer therapy. PMID- 6561256 TI - A new coaxial TEM radiofrequency/microwave applicator for non-invasive deep-body hyperthermia. AB - At the moment great efforts are being made to develop non-invasive heating systems which produce controlled local or regional deep-body hyperthermia. Electromagnetic interference techniques (10-80 MHz) with several separated applicators or with multiple applicators can produce deep-body heating. In our institute a coaxial frequency-independent TEM radiofrequency/microwave applicator has been designed. This applicator can produce a theoretically optimal interference maximum in the centre of the body. The applicator is very simple to construct and inexpensive. To test the design with the equipment available, a scaled prototype of the TEM applicator has been developed. The prototype has a diameter of 20 cm and operates at 434 MHz. The applicator has been tested on several phantom materials. The measured absorbed power distributions are in good agreement with the calculated theoretical distributions. The theoretical calculations of the absorbed power distributions of a 10-80 MHz TEM deep-body applicator are very encouraging. PMID- 6561257 TI - Further evidence of an inverse relation between mammalian body mass and sensitivity to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation. PMID- 6561258 TI - The effects of combinations of selected antibiotics on the growth of Corynebacterium equi. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G, ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin and rifampicin were determined for nine strains of Corynebacterium equi. The effect of combinations of any two of these antibiotics on the killing of these strains was determined at antibiotic concentrations achievable in horses using recommended drug dosages (ampicillin 4.0 microgram/ml, gentamicin 1.0 microgram/ml using recommended drug dosages (ampicillin 4.0 microgram/ml, gentamicin 1.0 microgram/ml and erythromycin 0.25 microgram/ml). Penicillin G was used at 4.0 microgram/ml and rifampicin at 0.063 microgram/ml. The combinations of gentamicin with erythromycin or rifampicin gave antagonistic effects on killing compared to either drug alone. Combinations of erythromycin with rifampicin or penicillin showed synergistic effects, as did penicillin- gentamicin. All other combinations, and a triple combination of penicillin- rifampicin--erythromycin, showed additive effects only. PMID- 6561259 TI - [Learning experiences in a course for nursing instructors]. PMID- 6561261 TI - [Complete text of the "Manual for Hospital Medical Staff"]. PMID- 6561260 TI - [The concept of the "Manual for Hospital Medical Staff" and its background]. PMID- 6561262 TI - [Learning through interactions: introduction of a seminar format in nursing education]. PMID- 6561263 TI - [On nursing education: common sense evaluation of nursing students]. PMID- 6561264 TI - [A thought on assistance of students in clinical training]. PMID- 6561266 TI - [On the curriculum of nursing education: towards a more flexible curriculum. Report on the 2d meeting of the New Curriculum Study Committee of Nursing Departments, National Medical Technology Colleges]. PMID- 6561265 TI - [Problems in the curriculum of the current nursing education: current status of teaching and possibilities for improvement]. PMID- 6561267 TI - [Creation of a unique curriculum for nursing education: toward construction of a conceptual framework for nursing]. PMID- 6561268 TI - [Learning experiences in clinical training: self evaluation by students and a survey on their attitudes]. PMID- 6561270 TI - [In search of educational humanity. 11. Epilogue]. PMID- 6561269 TI - [On nursing education. 17. Academic study of nursing and nursing training]. PMID- 6561271 TI - [On auditing]. PMID- 6561272 TI - [Talk-in auditing: usefulness of the medical record]. PMID- 6561274 TI - [General theory of auditing]. PMID- 6561273 TI - [Panel discussion on auditing: at opening]. PMID- 6561275 TI - [Auditing in team care]. PMID- 6561276 TI - [Computers and auditing of medical records]. PMID- 6561278 TI - [Workshop on auditing. A flow sheet and a summary at patient discharge]. PMID- 6561277 TI - [Workshop on auditing. The initial plan]. PMID- 6561279 TI - [Prospects on public health nursing activities toward the end of the century]. PMID- 6561280 TI - [Legislative responses to public needs]. PMID- 6561281 TI - [Geriatric health legislation and the future of public health clinics- significance of government funding of public health programs]. PMID- 6561282 TI - [Activities following the implementation of geriatric health legislation. Transformation of a health center into a public health clinic: an example at Adachi Ward, Tokyo]. PMID- 6561283 TI - [Personal recollection on national public health nursing activities at the Gunma Prefecture: a pleasure in studying while working]. PMID- 6561284 TI - [Practical significance of the evaluation of the analytical process of public health activities at the action scene: application of theories to analytical methods]. PMID- 6561285 TI - [Public health nursing with cooperation of local mothers at Mihara-machi]. PMID- 6561286 TI - [Status of families caring for apoplexy patients--burdens on the families and their training as a solution to their problems]. PMID- 6561287 TI - [Experience in dealing with a schizophrenic patient who refused to leave his house]. PMID- 6561288 TI - [Discussion: a learning experience at the 1st organizational activity study group at Yokohama]. PMID- 6561289 TI - [Qualitative evaluation of clinical training at a public health district - application of the theory of "re-evaluation of public health nursing activities"]. PMID- 6561290 TI - [Clinical training by groups at Maioka Public Health Clinic at Osaka]. PMID- 6561291 TI - [Conditions and problems of clinical training in public health nursing]. PMID- 6561292 TI - [Trends and future problems of the national organization of public health nursing administrators]. PMID- 6561293 TI - [Disappointment of a public health nurse at the 1983 Nursing Association Assembly Nursing Speciality Subsection]. PMID- 6561294 TI - [Fundamental concept in re-evaluation of individualized nursing care at the nursing scene: toward better interaction with and understanding of the patient]. PMID- 6561295 TI - [Methods of training in regional nursing. (1). Nursing based on regional group life activities]. PMID- 6561296 TI - [Status and management of the segment of population who have not had cardiovascular examinations]. PMID- 6561297 TI - [Survey of life activities and attitudes of people over 60]. PMID- 6561298 TI - [Survey on the attitude of the population in the 50's to senile psychosis]. PMID- 6561299 TI - [Home care priority determination and evaluation of the care for aged bedridden patients]. PMID- 6561300 TI - [Geriatric health legislation and public health nursing. Symposium]. PMID- 6561301 TI - [Public health promotion using mass media. On "Holding, Gazing, and Speaking" (a publication on child-rearing published by nurses of Kanagawa Prefecture). Discussion]. PMID- 6561302 TI - [Realistic re-evaluation of the home care of patients in the terminal stage of cancer: evaluation of individualized care]. PMID- 6561303 TI - [Home nursing of a schizophrenic patient who has been neglected at home for the past 40 years]. PMID- 6561304 TI - [Practical significance of the realistic re-evaluation and prospects of public health nursing--learning activities at the Tama Area Public Health Study Group]. PMID- 6561305 TI - [Evaluation of the roles of the municipal offices and public health clinics in public health activities--on maternal and child health maintenance activities]. PMID- 6561306 TI - [Re-evaluation of the activities at the public health clinic and a prospect on regional health care--on adult health care in Akishima City]. PMID- 6561307 TI - [Evaluation and lessons from the child rearing seminars held for new mothers of the area]. PMID- 6561308 TI - [Re-evaluation and prospects of public health activities. Discussion: conflict with one's own pre-conceived ideas and pleasure in sharing a common ground among nurses]. PMID- 6561309 TI - [A joy in public health nursing activities: a schizophrenic patient and her recovery]. PMID- 6561310 TI - [Social rehabilitation of a psychiatric patient]. PMID- 6561311 TI - [What will our health care be like in the year 2000?]. PMID- 6561312 TI - [Nursing as a discipline taught at universities and the training of health care candidates]. PMID- 6561313 TI - [Women's alcohol problems from the viewpoint of the midwife]. PMID- 6561314 TI - [The most dangerous 'environmental pollution' threatening the fetus]. PMID- 6561315 TI - ["Your child is..." - what is the preliminary introduction project?]. PMID- 6561316 TI - [A truly painful delivery takes a long time; anesthetics are only harmful]. PMID- 6561317 TI - [Early prevention of atopy]. PMID- 6561318 TI - [The main reason for having a child: our family wanted one]. PMID- 6561320 TI - [Survey report on nursing education, 1983]. PMID- 6561319 TI - [Tissue and intravascular proteolysis in the mechanism of peptic ulcer hemorrhage]. PMID- 6561321 TI - [Organization of nursing activities]. PMID- 6561322 TI - [An empirical study on using a patient assessment tool for quality of nursing care]. PMID- 6561323 TI - [A study of personality and anxieties of pregnant women]. PMID- 6561324 TI - [Review of continuing education for professional nurses during 1983]. PMID- 6561325 TI - [Prospects of continuing education for professional nurses during 1984]. PMID- 6561326 TI - [Why do we need vitamins?]. PMID- 6561328 TI - [Who can measure pain?]. PMID- 6561327 TI - [Physician's observations on the problem of stress]. PMID- 6561329 TI - [Problems of reimplantation]. PMID- 6561330 TI - [Specialists of the Tel Aviv University discover: reduction in body weight - not salt is the decisive factor in high blood pressure]. PMID- 6561331 TI - [New instrument for the evaluation of heart function is developed]. PMID- 6561332 TI - [Wound care - surgical treatment]. PMID- 6561334 TI - [A study viewpoint of ergonomics of nursing activities]. PMID- 6561333 TI - [Informing the patient]. PMID- 6561335 TI - [Human engineering as a basic subject in the nursing school curriculum]. PMID- 6561336 TI - [Application of industrial engineering methods to nursing activities]. PMID- 6561337 TI - [Helping the families of terminal cancer patients]. PMID- 6561338 TI - [Holistic viewpoint about man and 'science']. PMID- 6561339 TI - [Research on human relations of nurses from the viewpoint of interpersonal conflict. 2. Patient-nurse conflict]. PMID- 6561340 TI - [Introduction of behavioral objectives into the education program of operating room nursing staff]. PMID- 6561341 TI - [Instruction in student nurses' practice in Seirei Junior College. 4]. PMID- 6561342 TI - [Teaching-learning method of 'patient education' in nursing schools]. PMID- 6561343 TI - [Survey of student dropouts in a 2-year nursing program school]. PMID- 6561344 TI - [Overcoming the age of crisis]. PMID- 6561345 TI - [Ergonomics approach to nursing care]. PMID- 6561346 TI - [Patients with limited life possibilities (1): support of cancer patients. Interactions with patients who suspected cancer]. PMID- 6561347 TI - [Patients with limited life possibilities (1): support of cancer patients. The burden of the diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 6561348 TI - [Patients with limited life possibilities (1): support of cancer patients. Life after discovering the nature of the illness]. PMID- 6561350 TI - [Nursing process in hepatitis]. PMID- 6561349 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with hepatitis. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis]. PMID- 6561351 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with hepatitis. Case studies]. PMID- 6561352 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with hepatitis. Evaluation of the nursing process: a discussion]. PMID- 6561353 TI - [Reflection on clinical training in psychiatric nursing: from confusion to the first step in understanding]. PMID- 6561355 TI - [Study on irregularities in blood pressure determination--individual differences in readings]. PMID- 6561354 TI - [Weaning from a respirator after an extended period of dependence: an observation of a process from the initial exacerbation to recovery in chronic pyothorax]. PMID- 6561356 TI - [Study of geriatric nursing: nursing of a patient with pain due to gouty nodules]. PMID- 6561357 TI - [Clinical conference on clinical training. Nursing of a patient with diabetes mellitus with special reference to dietary education]. PMID- 6561358 TI - [Patients with limited life possibilities (1): support of cancer patients. Understanding of the patient's psychological process through experiencing the difficult period together]. PMID- 6561359 TI - The emergence of institutional ethics committees. PMID- 6561360 TI - Patients' attitudes toward hospital ethics committees. PMID- 6561361 TI - Court upholds expanded practice roles for nurses. PMID- 6561362 TI - Sermchief v. Gonzales and the debate over advanced nursing practice legislation. PMID- 6561363 TI - Therapeutic privilege: variation on the theme of informed consent. PMID- 6561364 TI - Monograph 13. The interrelationships between the asthmatic child's dependency behavior, his perception of his illness, and his mother's perception of his illness. AB - The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the interrelationships between the asthmatic child's dependency behavior, his perception of his illness, and his mother's perception of his illness. The dependency behavior of the asthmatic children was also compared with that of healthy children. The subjects of the study were 57 asthmatic children aged 8 to 12 years and their mothers, and 54 healthy children of the same age and their mothers. The asthmatic children were recruited from (1) patients attending the allergy clinic at a children's hospital in a large metropolitan area of Western Pennsylvania (n = 44) and (2) the private practice of a physician located in the same geographic area (n = 13). The healthy children were recruited from two sources. The majority of them (n = 47) were recruited from the children who visited the medical clinic at the hospital from which the asthmatic children were recruited. These children came to the clinic for physical examination, eye examination, or minor health problems. A few healthy children (n = 7) were recruited from families who were acquainted with the investigator or her friends. Children in both groups were free of physical handicapping conditions, had no history of psychiatric treatment, and were enrolled in at least grade three of an elementary school. The children in the healthy group were free of all chronic illnesses and the asthmatic children did not have any other chronic illness besides asthma. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect data concerning the variables under study. The Self Administered Dependency Questionnaire (SADQ) and the Children's Autonomy Questionnaire (AUT-MC-3) were used to assess the child's dependency behavior. The children's perceptions of asthma were assessed by the Children's Perception Questionnaire (CPQ). The Mother's Perception Questionnaire (MPQ) was used to measure mothers' perceptions of their children's asthma. Demographic data were obtained from a questionnaire designed for each group of subjects. The data were solicited through two approaches: direct contact with each mother-child pair and by mail. The scores from the SADQ, AUT-MC-3, CPQ and the MPQ were analyzed. The SADQ scores and the AUT-MC-3 scores which measured dependency behavior were used separately in the analysis. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (r) was used to estimate the relationships between the variables under study. The Independent Student t-test was used to determine the differences in dependency behavior of the asthmatic children and healthy children.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6561365 TI - Volunteering for nothing? The costs of volunteer labour. PMID- 6561367 TI - Nursing process. PMID- 6561366 TI - ACTU Health Charter. PMID- 6561368 TI - Alcohol is only in the bottle. PMID- 6561369 TI - Nurses speak out: Town Hall Rally 9 November 1983. PMID- 6561370 TI - [Clinical aspects of acute pneumonia in young children]. PMID- 6561371 TI - [Treatment of acute pneumonia in children]. PMID- 6561372 TI - [Chronic inflammatory lung diseases in children]. PMID- 6561373 TI - [Organization of the dispensary observation of children with chronic nonspecific diseases of the bronchopulmonary system]. PMID- 6561374 TI - [Respiratory allergies in children (the clinical aspects and prevention)]. PMID- 6561375 TI - [Dispensary care of the population is the most important link in prevention]. PMID- 6561376 TI - [Specific hyposensitization in bronchial asthma in children]. PMID- 6561378 TI - [Individual approach to the child--the guarantee of successful vaccination]. PMID- 6561377 TI - [Treatment of children during an attack of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6561379 TI - [Basic principles for structuring rational nutrition]. PMID- 6561380 TI - [Sterilization of medical instruments]. PMID- 6561381 TI - [Work of the nurses' council of the City Pediatric Hospital No. 1 in Brezhnev]. PMID- 6561383 TI - [How they treated Tom Sawyer]. PMID- 6561382 TI - [Deontology in the work of a pediatric hospital nurse]. PMID- 6561384 TI - [Current pulmonology problems in pediatrics]. PMID- 6561385 TI - Motherhood & mental illness: the role of the midwife in prevention & treatment. PMID- 6561386 TI - Breast-feeding facilities in Exeter. PMID- 6561387 TI - Availability of breast-feeding/baby-changing facilities in Oldham. PMID- 6561388 TI - Preparation of the breasts for lactation--Whipps Cross Mini Health Fair. PMID- 6561389 TI - Interaction of Zn2+ with guinea-pig C5 convertase and guinea-pig C5. AB - A comparison of two methods of C5 activation, the standard method (EAC14 + C2, C3, C5, C6, and C7) and the washed-cell intermediate method (EAC1423 + C5 and washed), demonstrated that formation of hemolytically competent SAC14235 was reduced in the washed-cell method. Addition of Zn2+ in this method increased the formation of competent SAC14235 to the approximate level of the standard method. The optimum concn range of Zn2+ was 0.006-0.025 mM. In the standard method Zn2+ had no significant enhancing effect on the formation of competent SAC14235. Zn2+ had a greater affinity for EAC1423 than for fluid-phase C5 when reacted with each separately. Maximum enhancement, however, was obtained when Zn2+ was present during the reaction of C5 with EAC1423. The effect of Zn2+ on C5 activity was not related to the stabilizing property of C6 on cell-bound C5. In the washed-cell method there was an inverse relationship between the concn of C2 or C3 and the concn of C5 required to generate one competent SAC14235/cell. Over a 10-fold range of C2 or C3 concn there was an approximate four-fold increase in the number of competent SAC14235/cell formed in the presence of Zn2+. Zn2+ enhances formation of competent SAC14235 on cells that have a limited ability to activate C5 even though the C2 and C3 on the convertase are present in excess. PMID- 6561391 TI - Mistaken identity. PMID- 6561390 TI - Effect of reduction and alkylation on structure and function of rabbit IgG antibody--II. Effects on classical pathway C3 convertase formation. AB - Anaerobic reduction of purified rabbit IgG antibody (Ab) with 1.5 moles of dithiothreitol per mole of Ab at pH 8.0, followed by alkylation, cleaves 39% of the inter-heavy-chain (H-H) disulfide (SS) bonds. This treatment has the following effects on the ability of the Ab to activate the classical pathway of complement. Compared to control Ab, reduced and alkylated (RA) Ab retained 4-5.6% of overall hemolytic activity and 55% of complement-fixing activity at 0 degrees C. Complexes of RA Ab and equivalent amounts of soluble Ag consumed C4, C2 and C3 at 37, 51 and 44%, respectively, of the rate at which these components were consumed by equal concns of complexes containing control Ab. Complexes made with RA Ab bound 18% as much C-1 as those made with native Ab. These data indicate that the principal, if not the only, effect of RA is on C-1 binding. Measurements of the ability of complexes of Ab with cell-bound Ag to bind C-1 showed at most a 20% loss of C-1 binding sites and a ca two-fold decrease in affinity for C-1. Similar results were obtained with purified (activated) C-1 and with native C1 in serum. No significant difference could be detected in the rate of activation of bound C1. Normal rabbit IgG which was reduced and alkylated under the same conditions retained 52% of its H-H SS bonds and 30% of its ability to bind C-1. This finding suggests that the impairment in C-1 binding results from an effect on the C1 binding site itself, rather than from an effect on the ability of the RA Ab to transmit a putative conformational "signal" from the Ag-binding site to the C1 binding site. Finally, our data show that the observed functional effect of reduction and alkylation depends strongly on the assay used to evaluate that effect. PMID- 6561392 TI - Checking swabs without using a swab rack. PMID- 6561393 TI - Interview: Rheba de Tornyay, R.N., Ed.D., F.A.A.N. PMID- 6561394 TI - Consultation builds success for nurses. PMID- 6561395 TI - Off-duty exercise for on-duty fitness. PMID- 6561396 TI - Do nurses enjoy appropriate levels of power? PMID- 6561397 TI - Nursing recognition day. PMID- 6561398 TI - The effects of quality assessment on I.V. therapy. PMID- 6561399 TI - Developing a course in pediatric I.V. therapy. PMID- 6561400 TI - Understanding the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. PMID- 6561401 TI - A transparent polyurethane membrane used as an I.V. dressing. PMID- 6561402 TI - The National Intravenous Therapy Association's Intravenous Nursing Standards of Practice. PMID- 6561403 TI - Communicating with pediatric patients. PMID- 6561404 TI - An organized approach to preparing for certification. PMID- 6561405 TI - Election year politics: facing realities. PMID- 6561406 TI - Spokeswoman in the White House. Interview by Kevin Morrissey. PMID- 6561407 TI - Teacher-practitioner-researcher. PMID- 6561408 TI - Benefits of an independent study course. PMID- 6561409 TI - A values clarification approach to cultural diversity. PMID- 6561410 TI - The GU clinic: a clinical learning experience. PMID- 6561411 TI - Organizing framework for NLN long-range planning. PMID- 6561412 TI - NTA reauthorization: the fight for funding. PMID- 6561413 TI - The comprehensive nursing achievement test as a predictor of performance on the NCLEX-RN. PMID- 6561414 TI - Legislators' opinions about nursing: results of a pilot study. PMID- 6561415 TI - A nursing center for ambulatory well, older adults. PMID- 6561416 TI - Congruence among primary nurses in their perception of their nursing functions. PMID- 6561417 TI - Burnout: potential problem for nursing faculty. PMID- 6561418 TI - R.E.A.C.T. A new system for measuring postanesthesia recovery. PMID- 6561419 TI - The joy of sex after a heart attack: counseling the cardiac patient. PMID- 6561420 TI - Sharing: listen to me. PMID- 6561421 TI - Medication errors: double-check similar drug names. PMID- 6561422 TI - Assessment under pressure: when your patient says "My chest hurts". PMID- 6561423 TI - Anticonvulsants. PMID- 6561424 TI - Providing "Safe conduct". Helping your patient cope with cancer. PMID- 6561425 TI - Prostatectomy: a guide to answering your patient's unspoken questions. PMID- 6561426 TI - Myocardial infarction: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6561427 TI - Overcoming the red menace: preventing and treating decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6561428 TI - I care. PMID- 6561429 TI - Making life sweet again for the elderly diabetic. PMID- 6561430 TI - 15 problems in patient education and their solutions. PMID- 6561431 TI - Pharmacist on call: I.V. metoclopramide--relief for cancer chemotherapy patients. PMID- 6561432 TI - Growth and development in infancy. PMID- 6561433 TI - Observation of the sick infant. PMID- 6561434 TI - The infant feeding controversy. PMID- 6561435 TI - A simple guide to artificial feeding calculations. PMID- 6561436 TI - Nutritional problems in the infant. PMID- 6561437 TI - Early language development. PMID- 6561439 TI - A simple guide to infant drug calculations. PMID- 6561440 TI - Attachment and social behaviour. PMID- 6561438 TI - Management of the very sick infant. PMID- 6561441 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Community management and infectious diseases. PMID- 6561443 TI - Assessing levels of consciousness: Glasgow coma scale. PMID- 6561444 TI - Assessing levels of consciousness: brain death. PMID- 6561442 TI - Altered consciousness. PMID- 6561445 TI - The unconscious patient: communication - a conscious effort. PMID- 6561446 TI - The unconscious patient: total patient care. PMID- 6561447 TI - The problem of personal identity in neurological rehabilitation. PMID- 6561448 TI - The psychobiology of sleep. PMID- 6561449 TI - Altered consciousness: acute infective polyneuritis. PMID- 6561450 TI - Altered consciousness: acute infective polyneuritis. A personal account. PMID- 6561451 TI - What it's like to be on trial. PMID- 6561452 TI - Two myths about pain. PMID- 6561453 TI - Brandon didn't know his limits. PMID- 6561454 TI - Is this a case of anemia? PMID- 6561455 TI - Managing a cardiac emergency. PMID- 6561456 TI - The right to die: part 2. On deciding whether to treat seriously ill newborns. PMID- 6561457 TI - New treatments, new choices. PMID- 6561458 TI - The right to die: what the President's Commission recommended. PMID- 6561459 TI - Home health care: it's red hot and right now. PMID- 6561460 TI - Court case: calling Dr. Quickstep. PMID- 6561462 TI - Measuring productivity in home health care. PMID- 6561461 TI - From hospital to home: continuous care for new mothers and infants. PMID- 6561463 TI - Become a health care agency trustee. PMID- 6561464 TI - Nurse managed rehabilitation. PMID- 6561465 TI - Auditing community health nursing. PMID- 6561466 TI - Role--playing: toward skill in discipline. PMID- 6561467 TI - Evaluating advance practice nurses. PMID- 6561468 TI - Professional--for--profit corporations balance the market for nursing services. PMID- 6561469 TI - Clinical ladders. PMID- 6561470 TI - Art and science of management: where nurses differ. PMID- 6561471 TI - Strategies for operating effectively in today's environment. PMID- 6561472 TI - Practical management course. Module 10: the counseling conundrum. PMID- 6561473 TI - The world of health today: problems and perspectives. PMID- 6561474 TI - [The future of professional Catholic organizations]. PMID- 6561475 TI - The role of CICIAMS as ICO (International Catholic Organization) and as NGO (Non governmental Organization). PMID- 6561476 TI - Final documents of the seminar organized at the occasion of the 50th anniversary of CICIAMS. Lourdes 1933-1983. PMID- 6561477 TI - "Towards the next 50 years". PMID- 6561478 TI - It's not a joke writing a thesis. PMID- 6561479 TI - Pregnancy and its effects on the sexual behaviors of selected patients in a Metro Manila Hospital. PMID- 6561480 TI - Once I was a sophomore. PMID- 6561482 TI - Code of ethics for Filipino nurses. PMID- 6561481 TI - Ave Maria. PMID- 6561483 TI - Inspirational talk. PMID- 6561484 TI - Case history: treating an MS sufferer in a recompression chamber. PMID- 6561485 TI - Environmental investigation and control. 2. Assessment and action. PMID- 6561486 TI - The UKCC code--what it means. PMID- 6561487 TI - Counselling: the case of Tom Jenkins--2. The first interview. PMID- 6561488 TI - Role of occupational health nurses in management. PMID- 6561489 TI - Applying marketing strategies to worksite health promotion efforts. PMID- 6561490 TI - Are you keeping up with health care cost containment management strategies? PMID- 6561491 TI - The role of the nurse in occupational health programs: an industry survey. PMID- 6561493 TI - Creative nursing: sensory reinforcement aids for use in industrial screenings for hypertension. PMID- 6561492 TI - "Reach out and touch someone"--the introduction of health screening and follow-up at Southern Bell-Georgia. PMID- 6561494 TI - Integrating employee health and loss prevention programs in hospitals: employee health nurses will succeed. PMID- 6561495 TI - A study of occupational health nurses in Texas. PMID- 6561496 TI - [Nursing care is performance--documentation is the proof]. PMID- 6561497 TI - [Considerations on the introduction and carrying out of renovations]. PMID- 6561498 TI - [Nonviolent death - how does one in our society? 2]. PMID- 6561499 TI - [The terminal on the ward]. PMID- 6561500 TI - [Bridges for the psychological approach to the patient]. PMID- 6561501 TI - Preparation of arthroscopic instrumentation: the sterilization vs. disinfection controversy. PMID- 6561502 TI - Diagnostic overview: frozen shoulder. PMID- 6561503 TI - Be an effective continuing education consumer. PMID- 6561504 TI - Autologous blood transfusion for elective surgery. PMID- 6561505 TI - Circumcision: the controversy continues. PMID- 6561506 TI - Adolescent use of oral contraceptives. PMID- 6561507 TI - Slow weight gain in the breast-fed infant: management options. PMID- 6561508 TI - Telephone management. PMID- 6561509 TI - Hazards of baby powder? PMID- 6561510 TI - Common concerns of adoptive mothers. PMID- 6561511 TI - Self concept and self-care management in school-age children with diabetes. PMID- 6561512 TI - Factors influencing maternal compliance to antibiotic regimens. PMID- 6561514 TI - Practice management. Competition and collaboration after GMENAC. PMID- 6561513 TI - A comparison of behavioral side effects related to commonly used anticonvulsants. PMID- 6561515 TI - Is single-dose drug therapy used in any common pediatric problem? PMID- 6561516 TI - Pediatric management problems (Reye's syndrome). PMID- 6561517 TI - Legislative update. Good news in Missouri. PMID- 6561518 TI - Six Schizosaccharomyces pombe tRNA genes including a gene for a tRNALys with an intervening sequence which cannot base-pair with the anticodon. AB - We report the sequences of six S. pombe tRNA genes including two genes for tRNAArg, and one gene each for tRNAGlu, tRNAHis, tRNALys and tRNAPhe. All tRNA genes are found independently in the genome and represent individual transcription units. The gene for tRNALys has an 8 bp long intervening sequence which cannot base-pair with the tRNA anticodon. In vitro transcription studies indicate that all genes are faithfully transcribed in a yeast extract. Sequence comparison of the 5' flanking regions of the tRNA genes did not show significant homologies; however, they are very rich in AT base pairs. PMID- 6561519 TI - A major lysine tRNA with a CUU anticodon in insect mitochondria. AB - We have sequenced a lysine tRNA from mosquito mitochondria that has the anticodon CUU. The preponderance of AAA lysine codons in insect mitochondrial genes, the parsimonious organization of the genomes, and the fact that this tRNA is a major component of the mosquito mitochondrial tRNA complement, lead us to suggest that the CUU anticodon recognizes AAC and AAA codons. PMID- 6561520 TI - Each element of the Drosophila tRNAArg gene split promoter directs transcription in Xenopus oocytes. AB - The intragenic control regions of a eukaryotic tRNA gene have been examined by transcribing mutant forms of a Drosophila tRNAArg gene either by injection into the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes or in extracts prepared from isolated oocyte nuclei. These experiments demonstrate that the selection of the transcription initiation site is a complex mechanism that involves the T-control region, the D control region, and sequences 5' adjacent to the D-control region. In this study either "half" of the Drosophila tRNAArg gene promoted transcription in Xenopus oocytes. This finding supports a recent model for eukaryotic tRNA gene transcription (Dingermann et al., 1983, J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10395-10402) that proposes transcription initiation is dependent on the ability of specific DNA sequences to sequester two RNA polymerase III transcription factors. PMID- 6561521 TI - Lysine tRNAs from rat liver: lysine tRNA sequences are highly conserved. AB - The two major lysine tRNAs from rat liver, tRNA2Lys and tRNA5Lys, were sequenced by rapid gel or chromatogram readout methods. The major tRNA2Lys differs from a minor form only by a base pair in positions 29 and 41; both tRNAs have an unidentified nucleotide, U**, in the third position of the anticodon. Although highly related, the major tRNA2Lys and tRNA5Lys differ in four base pairs and four unpaired nucleotides, including the first position of the anticodons, but have the same base pair in positions 29 and 41. The three tRNAs maintain a m2G-U pair in the acceptor stem. Detection of this m2G is in contrast to other reports of lysine tRNAs. Sequences of lysine tRNAs are strongly conserved in higher eukaryotes. PMID- 6561523 TI - Perceptions of stress by nurses in different specialities: some implications for nursing administrators. PMID- 6561524 TI - Coping with the diagnosis of hypertension: an illustration of a conceptual model. PMID- 6561522 TI - The primary structures of two arginine tRNAs (anticodons C-C-U and mcm5a2U-C-psi) and of glutamine tRNA (anticodon C-U-G) from bovine liver. AB - The primary structure of two arginine tRNAs (anticodons: C-C-U and mcm5S2U-C-psi) and of a glutamine tRNA (anticodon: C-U-G) of bovine liver have been determined using [32]P postlabeling methods. They are tRNAArgCCU: (sequence in text). PMID- 6561525 TI - [The teacher-student relationship in clinical training and the interest of the student]. PMID- 6561526 TI - Accidental poisonings in preschoolers in British Columbia. PMID- 6561527 TI - Conceptual models. PMID- 6561528 TI - Abortion: who decides? PMID- 6561530 TI - How nurses missed out on a bonanza. PMID- 6561529 TI - The nurse and the addict. PMID- 6561531 TI - The dying child: when a twin dies. PMID- 6561532 TI - The dying child. A care team for terminally ill children. PMID- 6561533 TI - Sudden infant death. One. Epidemiology. PMID- 6561535 TI - Practice nurses. PMID- 6561534 TI - Going by the book. PMID- 6561536 TI - Social stimulation and the elderly. PMID- 6561537 TI - A framework for action. Six. Knowing oneself. PMID- 6561538 TI - An everyday story of a ward manager. One. The problem patient. PMID- 6561539 TI - Using the press. Three. The manager and the press. PMID- 6561540 TI - Writing occasional papers. PMID- 6561541 TI - CPNs and primary health care team attachment. PMID- 6561542 TI - Spinal injuries. One. Assessing the need. PMID- 6561543 TI - Spinal injuries. Two. The role of the nurse co-ordinator. PMID- 6561544 TI - Just seeking attention. PMID- 6561545 TI - A question of access. PMID- 6561546 TI - The drugs round: is it working? PMID- 6561547 TI - The pain of cancer nursing. PMID- 6561548 TI - Has psychiatric nursing a future? PMID- 6561549 TI - Aspects of critical care. One. Patients with facial fractures. PMID- 6561551 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. Two. Contact-tracing. PMID- 6561550 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. One. Breaking the chain of infection. PMID- 6561552 TI - Reflections on the first day back. PMID- 6561553 TI - The sleep clinic. PMID- 6561554 TI - Using research in nursing. PMID- 6561555 TI - RSCNs: where they go and why. One. Training and jobs. PMID- 6561556 TI - Sudden infant death. Two. Research. PMID- 6561558 TI - Glossary of computer terminology. PMID- 6561557 TI - Computers in nursing news: technology in its proper place. PMID- 6561559 TI - Why computers need nursing. PMID- 6561560 TI - Nurses care for computers. PMID- 6561561 TI - Systems of life No 111. Setting up the systems. 11. PMID- 6561562 TI - The Italian experience. PMID- 6561563 TI - Heart disease. A family matter. PMID- 6561565 TI - The nurse's tale. The staff nurse. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6561564 TI - Allergy in childhood. PMID- 6561566 TI - RSCNs: where they go and why. Two. Attitudes and preferences. PMID- 6561567 TI - Sudden infant death. Three. Prevention. PMID- 6561568 TI - The islands. Two. The Isles of Scilly. PMID- 6561569 TI - Education. The suffering student. PMID- 6561570 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. Three. Cause for concern. PMID- 6561571 TI - Focus on alcoholism. Problem drinking. PMID- 6561572 TI - Focus on alcoholism. In-patient treatment. PMID- 6561573 TI - Mental health nursing. A slap in the face for nurses. PMID- 6561574 TI - The prerogative of the people. Interview by Rowden R. PMID- 6561575 TI - Maternity care: a mother's birthright. PMID- 6561576 TI - Enrolled nurses: in praise of the EN. PMID- 6561577 TI - Managing in the community. PMID- 6561578 TI - Chemotherapy and the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6561579 TI - Lies, damn lies and nursing statistics. PMID- 6561580 TI - A framework for action. Four. A blueprint for the elderly. PMID- 6561581 TI - Stress and student nurses in A&E. Two. Assessing anxiety levels. PMID- 6561582 TI - Nurses and their religions. Five. A Punjabi perspective. Interview by Irene Heywood Jones. PMID- 6561584 TI - One step beyond. PMID- 6561583 TI - The islands. One. The Isle of Wight. PMID- 6561585 TI - The Belfast fixator. PMID- 6561586 TI - Using the press. One. The public relations officer. PMID- 6561588 TI - Back-door politics? PMID- 6561587 TI - Practical research by student nurses. PMID- 6561589 TI - Jobwatch: the learner and the invisibility law. PMID- 6561590 TI - Broadcasting: nursing extra. PMID- 6561591 TI - Pay: nurses' 'irrefutable' case. PMID- 6561592 TI - Intermenstrual bleeding. PMID- 6561593 TI - Management: complaining to effect. PMID- 6561594 TI - The islands. One continued. Providing a real home. PMID- 6561595 TI - Management: fitness to work. PMID- 6561596 TI - Health education and nursing. PMID- 6561598 TI - Using the press. Two. Tricks of the trade. PMID- 6561597 TI - Nurses and their religions. Six. Nursing on the sabbath. Interview by Irene Heywood Jones. PMID- 6561599 TI - Do we deserve our image? PMID- 6561600 TI - The careers of nurse graduates. PMID- 6561602 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Tissue breakdown. PMID- 6561601 TI - A framework for action. Five. Laying the foundation in research. PMID- 6561603 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Tissue breakdown: wound care. PMID- 6561604 TI - Forty odd pounds for nothing? PMID- 6561606 TI - Research: accepting the challenge. PMID- 6561605 TI - Research: making sense of investigation. PMID- 6561607 TI - Mental handicap: the right to have personal relationships. PMID- 6561608 TI - Teaching for tomorrow. PMID- 6561609 TI - Matters of conscience: trapped by the system. PMID- 6561610 TI - Focus on the elderly: part of the team. PMID- 6561611 TI - Midwifery. 3. Control of pain in labour. PMID- 6561612 TI - Accounting for ethics. PMID- 6561613 TI - Nursing care study: she's been a great bairn. PMID- 6561614 TI - 'Us' and 'them' at work. PMID- 6561615 TI - Irish nurse of the year. Interview by Catharine Sadler. PMID- 6561617 TI - Hospital report: gearing therapy to the individual. PMID- 6561618 TI - Breaking down the barrier. PMID- 6561616 TI - Hospital report: caring and contrast. PMID- 6561619 TI - Focus on the elderly: detectives wanted. PMID- 6561620 TI - Iveson's opinion: opposite ends of the spectrum. PMID- 6561621 TI - Health and money up in smoke. PMID- 6561622 TI - Midwifery. 4. Adolescent pregnancy. PMID- 6561623 TI - The personnel officer. PMID- 6561624 TI - Nursing care study: end of the line. PMID- 6561625 TI - Research into racism is required. PMID- 6561626 TI - DNA journal 1. Callsign: angel one. PMID- 6561627 TI - DNA journal 1. Rathbone revisited: dawn of a new era. PMID- 6561628 TI - PRB: swift decision needed or nurses will lose out. PMID- 6561629 TI - Men in midwifery: the inside story. PMID- 6561630 TI - Education: exposing the hidden curriculum. PMID- 6561631 TI - Focus on the elderly: preparation for a healthy retirement. PMID- 6561632 TI - Bring out the best in your staff. PMID- 6561633 TI - Research: bridging the gap. PMID- 6561634 TI - Silent night, peaceful night? PMID- 6561635 TI - Peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6561637 TI - Disfigurement by design. PMID- 6561636 TI - Student's view: apply the process to education. PMID- 6561638 TI - Nursing care study: pacing on demand. PMID- 6561639 TI - Mental health forum: community care--the best solution? PMID- 6561640 TI - Mental health forum: who handicaps the handicapped? PMID- 6561641 TI - What a reception! PMID- 6561642 TI - Using the process in accident and emergency. PMID- 6561644 TI - Nursing care study. Motorcycle accident. PMID- 6561643 TI - The red and green life machine. PMID- 6561645 TI - School and ward can work together. PMID- 6561646 TI - Management. Differing--to agree. PMID- 6561647 TI - Young people's clinic. PMID- 6561648 TI - By special delivery. PMID- 6561649 TI - Communication breakdown. PMID- 6561650 TI - Nursing care study. Mandy's story. PMID- 6561652 TI - Your single professional number. PMID- 6561651 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. Inherited diseases. PMID- 6561653 TI - Stage fright at going to the theatre. PMID- 6561654 TI - Midwifery. 1. Perinatal mortality. PMID- 6561655 TI - Time to explain. PMID- 6561656 TI - Stress in the workplace. PMID- 6561658 TI - Research: why don't we use these findings? PMID- 6561657 TI - Spreading the word. PMID- 6561659 TI - Out of sight, out of mind? PMID- 6561660 TI - Setting up a mini-clinic. PMID- 6561661 TI - Diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. PMID- 6561662 TI - Nursing care study: extradural haematoma. PMID- 6561663 TI - A nursing protocol for the client with neutropenia. PMID- 6561664 TI - Hyperthermia: a modern experiment in cancer treatment. PMID- 6561665 TI - The relationship between life change losses and stress levels for females with breast cancer. PMID- 6561666 TI - Insurability of cancer patients: a rehabilitation barrier. PMID- 6561667 TI - Oncology nurses as cancer patients: an investigative questionnaire. PMID- 6561668 TI - The Practitioner Reporting System. PMID- 6561669 TI - Patient teaching in hepatic artery infusion. PMID- 6561670 TI - Social support: selection of a measurement instrument. PMID- 6561671 TI - The Ninth Annual Congress of the Oncology Nursing Society May 2-5, 1984. PMID- 6561673 TI - Symposium on sports medicine. PMID- 6561672 TI - Effects of maternal cadmium exposure in the rat on prenatal maturation of the pulmonary surfactant system. PMID- 6561674 TI - Ankle injuries in the athlete. AB - The ankle is one of the more vulnerable and commonly injured joints in athletic activities, with sprains accounting for between 30 and 50 per cent of all reported injuries among athletic teams. Despite this high volume and opportunity for experience, the ankle remains one of the most poorly understood and inadequately treated sites of injury. PMID- 6561675 TI - Menstrual disturbances in the athlete. AB - Women should be encouraged to exercise. Those who develop menstrual problems should be thoroughly evaluated to detect any serious causes and should be treated to prevent any serious results. The importance of exercise in the lifestyle of female athletes should be respected. PMID- 6561676 TI - The dynamics and prevention of stress-induced burnout in athletics. AB - Burnout is defined as a stress-induced syndrome involving cognitive, emotional, and behavioral factors. The dynamics of stress and burnout is described, as are preventive measures that can be taken to reduce the likelihood of burnout among athletes, coaches, administrators, and sports medicine professionals. PMID- 6561677 TI - Shoulder injuries in the athlete. AB - Most shoulder injuries in the athlete can be managed nonoperatively; prior to any management, however, they require careful evaluation for accurate diagnosis. Once the diagnosis has been made, few of these injuries will actually require surgery and most will obtain an excellent result with full return to function. Several specific shoulder injuries are discussed and their treatment is outlined. PMID- 6561678 TI - Rehabilitation and return to activity after sports injuries. AB - An athlete's successful return to sport following injury requires an effective rehabilitation program. It is important that the primary physician incorporate this program into the treatment plan. PMID- 6561679 TI - Ophthalmologic injuries. AB - The types of eye injuries that occur in various sports are discussed, with an emphasis on racquet sports and ice hockey. Both field management and treatment by a specialist are considered. Physicians should encourage players to wear polycarbonate or industrial safety-thickness lenses or protective face cages. PMID- 6561680 TI - Brain and cervical spine injuries occurring during organized sports activities in children and adolescents. AB - Eighty per cent of severe sports-related central nervous system trauma occurs as a result of collision sports, chiefly American football and rugby union football, followed by wrestling and gymnastics. Although serious head injury is uncommon, episodes of concussion are frequent; repeated concussion should be grounds for suggesting that the athlete give up collision sport. American and rugby union football are the sports mainly responsible for cervical spine injury with resultant quadriplegia. PMID- 6561681 TI - Exercise prescription for the healthy adult. AB - Physical fitness is improved by manipulating the mode, frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise and its rate of progression. Well-documented guidelines can assist the primary care physician in outlining training programs for their healthy patients who wish to begin an exercise program to maintain or improve their physical fitness. PMID- 6561682 TI - Pre-participation physical evaluation. AB - The pre-participation physical evaluation is an integral part of any sports or activity program. There are many alternative methods for completing this evaluation, using varying degrees of frequency and thoroughness. A practical approach to the pre-participation physical evaluation is presented for use in an office as well as in a mass-screening situation. PMID- 6561683 TI - Nutrition and athletic performance. AB - Athletes have a keen interest in informed nutrition counsel. They recognize that food intakes are important determinants of energy availability and body fitness. For many sports, participation will prompt a general upgrading of dietary practices and nutrition-related well-being. Specific nutrition guidance can prevent abuses and can enhance the performance of the athlete and the team in many sports. PMID- 6561684 TI - The concept of overuse. The primary care aspects of overuse syndromes in sports. AB - Overuse syndromes resulting from sports participation are quickly becoming the most prevalent type of injury in sports. This article presents a unified concept of overuse that should aid the primary care physician in his or her approach to the chronic athletic injury. Consistent treatment for most overuse injuries is outlined. PMID- 6561685 TI - Cardiovascular evaluation of the young athlete. AB - Heart murmurs and cardiovascular defects, elevated blood pressure, and arrhythmias cause considerable concern to many physicians evaluating or certifying students for competitive athletic participation. The purpose of this article is to present a practical approach to the evaluation and management of these problems. PMID- 6561686 TI - Ligamentous injuries of the knee. AB - Among the most potentially debilitating injuries to the athlete's knee are those injuries involving the ligaments. The unhappy sequelae of instability and premature osteoarthritis may be avoided by prompt, accurate recognition of the injury, appropriate delivery of treatment, and subsequent maintenance of rehabilitation. PMID- 6561687 TI - Nonligamentous problems of the athlete's knee. AB - Acute and chronic nonligamentous problems of the athlete's knee are outlined, emphasizing diagnosis and treatment. Most such problems can be managed by the family physician or general practitioner, and recommendations are made for the referral of more complex problems. PMID- 6561688 TI - Problems with IM meperidine (Demerol). PMID- 6561689 TI - Analgesic consultation. PMID- 6561690 TI - What is the Weingarten rule? How does it affect organized nurses? How does it affect the unorganized nurse? PMID- 6561691 TI - Court rejects NLRB's order to bargain. PMID- 6561692 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses: WA: child dies: nurse anesthetist sued. NY: discriminatory employment practice alleged. PMID- 6561693 TI - Doctor "on call": ER nurse sued. Case in point: Bartimus v. Paxton Community Hosp. (458 N.E. 2d 1072 - IL). PMID- 6561694 TI - Nurses' caps are old hat. PMID- 6561695 TI - Nursing potential in international care. PMID- 6561696 TI - NHS re-employs retired nurses. PMID- 6561697 TI - Commission on nursing education is underway. PMID- 6561698 TI - Report of recent Rcn Rheumatology Nursing Forum conference in Bath. Systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6561699 TI - OH nurses will be public health specialists. PMID- 6561701 TI - [Resolution of problems]. PMID- 6561700 TI - [Somewhere...a gap]. PMID- 6561702 TI - [Professional documentation: labor unions]. PMID- 6561703 TI - [Vademecum of salaried personnel]. PMID- 6561704 TI - [Private and unionized]. PMID- 6561705 TI - [Nurses, unite...]. PMID- 6561706 TI - [Efficient use of decentralization in the health and social sector]. PMID- 6561707 TI - [Coronarography technics, indications, accidents]. PMID- 6561708 TI - [Student nurse has met module 1]. PMID- 6561709 TI - [P as in perfusion pumps]. PMID- 6561710 TI - [Primary elections]. PMID- 6561711 TI - [Nursing care to the student]. PMID- 6561713 TI - [Psychiatric nursing activities in ambulatory care]. PMID- 6561712 TI - [Preoperative visits by the operating room nurse: review of the foreign literature]. PMID- 6561714 TI - [Theoretical aspects of primary health care]. PMID- 6561715 TI - [Basic components of primary health care]. PMID- 6561716 TI - [Therapeutic alternatives in nursing - why not?]. PMID- 6561717 TI - [Preoperative visiting by the operating room nurse: mark of reference for the teaching of a graduate course in nursing]. PMID- 6561718 TI - [Mental health in children]. PMID- 6561719 TI - [Nurse consultant: reality and perspectives]. PMID- 6561720 TI - [The operating room nurse and the preparation and utilization of surgical instruments, such as blades and scalpel handles]. PMID- 6561721 TI - [Nurse consultant for children in a nursery of the city of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6561722 TI - [Writing a Master's dissertation]. PMID- 6561723 TI - [Nursing education]. PMID- 6561724 TI - [A study of the conceptual structure of nursing in Brazil]. PMID- 6561725 TI - [Caries and levels of prevention]. PMID- 6561726 TI - [Fractures of the proximal third of the femur]. PMID- 6561727 TI - [Kidney disease and nursing care]. PMID- 6561728 TI - [Berta Sanchiz and Nuria de Aguilera: history of a project]. PMID- 6561729 TI - [Work load in nursing units: a practical study]. PMID- 6561730 TI - [Interview with Charles Tilquin]. PMID- 6561731 TI - [Heart diseases: diagnostic tests]. PMID- 6561732 TI - [Health for all: a guide with possibilities]. PMID- 6561733 TI - [Nursing education. Participative administration and decision making]. PMID- 6561734 TI - [Glycerol test in pediatrics]. PMID- 6561735 TI - [Early stimulation of infants (normal and deficient)]. PMID- 6561736 TI - Playing private eye--at 3 a.m. PMID- 6561737 TI - Premature ventricular contractions. PMID- 6561738 TI - Legally speaking. Can you be sued without cause? PMID- 6561739 TI - When a patient dies. PMID- 6561740 TI - "Does that mean I'm dying"? PMID- 6561741 TI - "You killed my husband"! PMID- 6561742 TI - "How can you be so sure my baby's dead"? PMID- 6561743 TI - "I didn't think his death would hit me so hard". PMID- 6561744 TI - What to look out for with guanethidine and reserpine. PMID- 6561745 TI - Tips for trouble-free subclavian lines. PMID- 6561746 TI - Step-by-step guide to safe peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6561747 TI - Dx detective. Infarction or something else? PMID- 6561748 TI - When your patient's an alcoholic. PMID- 6561749 TI - Update on toxic shock: how to spot it and treat it. PMID- 6561750 TI - Patients--not degrees--are the heart of nursing. PMID- 6561751 TI - A year condemned to silence. PMID- 6561753 TI - Ventricular fibrillation and standstill. PMID- 6561752 TI - The doctor missed it, but the nurse didn't. PMID- 6561754 TI - Legally speaking. Serve as an expert witness? Read this first. PMID- 6561755 TI - Taking charge. Selling your budget. PMID- 6561756 TI - Patient's advocate. There's a person within. PMID- 6561757 TI - Where hospitals fall short. PMID- 6561759 TI - Getting mothers and newborns off to a good start. PMID- 6561758 TI - Drug allergy: sizing up the risks. PMID- 6561760 TI - Getting mothers and newborns off to a good start. How to smooth Mom's postpartum path. PMID- 6561761 TI - Getting mothers and newborns off to a good start. How to give Baby's first physical. PMID- 6561762 TI - Emergency! Dealing with snakebites. PMID- 6561763 TI - Are you out of touch with your patients? PMID- 6561764 TI - Edema: what really causes it. How to control it. PMID- 6561765 TI - Sharpening your skills for arterial sticks. PMID- 6561766 TI - Better pain control for your dying patients. PMID- 6561767 TI - An update on the new drugs you're dispensing now. PMID- 6561768 TI - Educating interns: all in a day's work. PMID- 6561770 TI - [Preparation of the patient with chronic respiratory insufficiency for return home. Role of the social assistant]. PMID- 6561769 TI - [Alcoholic emergencies: delerium tremens. Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy]. PMID- 6561771 TI - [Home maintenance and monitoring of a patient with respiratory insufficiency. Role of the technician]. PMID- 6561772 TI - [Home maintenance and monitoring of a patient with respiratory insufficiency. Role of the attending physician]. PMID- 6561773 TI - [Home maintenance and monitoring of a patient with respiratory insufficiency. Role of the kinesitherapist]. PMID- 6561774 TI - [Home maintenance and monitoring of a patient with respiratory insufficiency. Role of the nurse]. PMID- 6561775 TI - [Home maintenance and monitoring of a patient with respiratory insufficiency. Role of the homemaker helper]. PMID- 6561776 TI - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency: physiopathological basis]. PMID- 6561777 TI - [Home maintenance and monitoring of a patient with respiratory insufficiency. Role of the social worker]. PMID- 6561778 TI - [National survey by ANTADIR (National Association for the Home Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Insufficiency) of patients treated at home for chronic respiratory insufficiency in the corresponding sector]. PMID- 6561779 TI - [Psychological aspects of the condition of chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6561780 TI - [Living conditions and life style of the patient with chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6561781 TI - [Presentation of a society of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency: A.N.F.I.R. (Northern French Association for Respiratory Insufficiency)]. PMID- 6561782 TI - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency: therapeutic methods and indications]. PMID- 6561783 TI - [Support for the development of the Oslo district]. PMID- 6561784 TI - [Continued education in oncological nursing]. PMID- 6561785 TI - [Wage agreements and community health services]. PMID- 6561786 TI - [Nurse best suited for health and social service administrator. Interview by Einar Odden]. PMID- 6561787 TI - [Tomorrow's primary health service. Report from a conference in London]. PMID- 6561788 TI - [Do you know enough about diabetes?]. PMID- 6561789 TI - [Cleaning and disinfection of the operating room]. PMID- 6561790 TI - [Fire-fighting training for health personnel]. PMID- 6561791 TI - [Is the "nursing process" used in practice?]. PMID- 6561792 TI - [From a study in Ostfold attempt at activity measurement for home care nursing]. PMID- 6561794 TI - [Local negotiations]. PMID- 6561793 TI - [Health station center for reconsideration in care of the aged. Experiences from Afjord in Sor-Trondelag]. PMID- 6561795 TI - [Technical nurse/nurse anesthetist]. PMID- 6561796 TI - [Nursing on the Continental Shelf]. PMID- 6561797 TI - [Langerud nursing home in Oslo: a nursing home which wants to rid itself of frustrations. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 6561798 TI - [A lot of ignorance: how do antibiotics behave?]. PMID- 6561799 TI - [Late abortion and prostaglandin]. PMID- 6561800 TI - [Primary nursing care in the Aust-Agder Central Hospital]. PMID- 6561801 TI - [Political psychiatry in the Soviet Union]. PMID- 6561802 TI - [Fixed rotation places and refusal of transfer expenses]. PMID- 6561804 TI - [Ethics - weapons - war]. PMID- 6561803 TI - [Unbiased criticism elicited]. PMID- 6561805 TI - [Government's campaign toward privatization]. PMID- 6561806 TI - [The most difficult patients - new optimism in the Borgen section. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 6561808 TI - [Executive board. Yes to new but continually justifiable models for nursing service]. PMID- 6561807 TI - [Denmark has an important role to play in arms reductions]. PMID- 6561809 TI - [FTF (Joint Council for Civil Servants and Functionaries)-conference on the modernization of the public sector]. PMID- 6561810 TI - [Nursing care. A specialty which requires knowledge and clinical experience]. PMID- 6561811 TI - [Student activities. Should greatest importance be attached to theory or to practice?]. PMID- 6561812 TI - [Pension Fund Administration. Pension reform with a new type of early pension]. PMID- 6561813 TI - [Home nursing is going to have a strong and dominant role. Interview by Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6561814 TI - [Nurses respond and seek power]. PMID- 6561815 TI - [A wrong and expensive way to save]. PMID- 6561817 TI - [Home nursing. Planning in cooperation with the client]. PMID- 6561816 TI - [Home nursing. Better and more rapid assistance to the aged in jeopardy]. PMID- 6561818 TI - [Home nursing will proceed to a strong position]. PMID- 6561819 TI - [Reception of home help in Rodovre community]. PMID- 6561820 TI - [Home helpers and their field of activities]. PMID- 6561821 TI - [Tax orientation for the 1983 tax returns]. PMID- 6561822 TI - [Nursing care. Kardex recording together with the patient has many advantages]. PMID- 6561823 TI - [Amnesty. Nurses assist with torture in Chile]. PMID- 6561824 TI - [Home nursing. Nurses visit in the silent Denmark. Interview by Pia Kristensen]. PMID- 6561825 TI - [Realistic picture of home nursing in an agricultural community]. PMID- 6561826 TI - [School health services. Nurses are no longer teachers' assistants. Interview by Annette Tholstrup]. PMID- 6561827 TI - [I wonder if we have a common attitude to our role in geriatric care?]. PMID- 6561828 TI - [Test in the 2d year to get Australian authorization]. PMID- 6561829 TI - [New instructions to operating room personnel groups]. PMID- 6561830 TI - [That is why we should also listen to the nurses' viewpoint]. PMID- 6561831 TI - [Children in hospital. 10-15-year-olds' reactions to hospitalization]. PMID- 6561832 TI - [Executive Board. Education agreements should be revised by the parties involved]. PMID- 6561834 TI - [Lebanon. I have learned and experienced incredibly much]. PMID- 6561833 TI - [Student activities. Are professional and organizational knowledge related?]. PMID- 6561836 TI - [Investing in children's health]. PMID- 6561835 TI - [No--that's not where the rub is]. PMID- 6561837 TI - [Nursing care. There is a life after paralysis - and we can improve it]. PMID- 6561839 TI - [Fund conflict needs mutual solidarity among nurses]. PMID- 6561838 TI - [Working time]. PMID- 6561840 TI - [The capital County Board has a nursing home committee]. PMID- 6561841 TI - [Opinions are that they should supplement us]. PMID- 6561842 TI - [Nursing care. We should have a course in research which can improve practice]. PMID- 6561843 TI - [Nursing care. Does personnel avoid the patient in crisis - and why?]. PMID- 6561844 TI - [SSN (Nurses' Cooperation in Scandinavia). Ethical aspects in health and nursing care]. PMID- 6561845 TI - [Weakened myths among professionals]. PMID- 6561846 TI - [Education. On teaching and feeling educated]. PMID- 6561847 TI - [Information and communication. It can be a long way from theory to practice]. PMID- 6561848 TI - [Nursing care. Pregnancy and long-term hospitalization]. PMID- 6561849 TI - [Technology. Continued difficult to make an impression on technological development]. PMID- 6561850 TI - [From dancing along to guidance. On movement and assistance in psychiatry. II]. PMID- 6561851 TI - [Involvement in the nursing department]. PMID- 6561852 TI - [A remarkable mentally retarded patient]. PMID- 6561853 TI - [Medical information for nurses. The multiple-injured patient. II. The operation]. PMID- 6561854 TI - [Nurses finally appreciated?!]. PMID- 6561855 TI - [Coercion and treatment. The involuntarily committed psychiatric patient and the right to refuse treatment]. PMID- 6561856 TI - [A muslim dies]. PMID- 6561857 TI - [Admission: a stranger]. PMID- 6561858 TI - [Budgeting in the nursing service]. PMID- 6561859 TI - [Vaccination against hepatitis B]. PMID- 6561860 TI - [The professional organizations on the 'Financial survey of public health']. PMID- 6561861 TI - An overview of change and leadership. PMID- 6561862 TI - Leadership and the political change process. PMID- 6561863 TI - The clinical nurse specialist as leader. PMID- 6561864 TI - The teacher-facilitator role of clinical nursing leaders. PMID- 6561865 TI - Leadership in public health nursing. PMID- 6561866 TI - Nursing leadership in a shoestring clinic. PMID- 6561867 TI - An examination of nursing leadership following a disaster. PMID- 6561869 TI - [Childbirth preparation course and men's role. What significance does a childbirth preparation course have for men?]. PMID- 6561868 TI - [Changes in the biosynthesis of acid-soluble collagen in the skin of rats with amino acid imbalances in their diets]. AB - The feeding of excessive leucine and phenylalanine doses to rats against a background of protein deficiency is shown to cause changes in the liver tRNA aminoacylation as well as in the synthesis of acid-soluble skin collagen differing from the normal level in the amino acid composition, elution profiles and content of disulphide groups. PMID- 6561870 TI - [Application of nursing activities' process method in child care and child rearing counseling using operations research]. PMID- 6561871 TI - [Nursing research conference in Madrid]. PMID- 6561872 TI - [Swedish Nurses' Association held a theme day]. PMID- 6561874 TI - The 6th Workgroup Meeting of European Nurse Researchers. PMID- 6561873 TI - The 1984 estimates and the health services. PMID- 6561875 TI - Chronic vascular disease. Part II. PMID- 6561877 TI - [Work Tribunal settles dispute. Part-timers get no overtime for job on quiet nights]. PMID- 6561876 TI - [It took 2 years after the incident before investigation was completed. Now Ombudsman's report to the National Welfare Board of the SHSTF (Swedish Association of Health Care and Nursing Employees)]. PMID- 6561878 TI - [Those who don't understand violence cannot counteract violence. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6561879 TI - [County Council's play about nursing. Master's voice in a funny package?]. PMID- 6561880 TI - [Project Activity County Council will change care in Goteborg and Bohus counties]. PMID- 6561881 TI - [You are the representative of an inferior and strange education. Iris tells about how she was treated as a student]. PMID- 6561882 TI - [TV's immigration program can augment understanding between different groups. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6561883 TI - [Vardfacket in the USA. Money for the election campaign so politicians will listen. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6561884 TI - [SHSTF (Swedish Association of Health Care and Nursing Employees) to the Supreme Court: What is in the law about parents' free time?. Interview by Anita Widen]. PMID- 6561886 TI - [First Operating room nurses according to Vard 77: education was excellent and we have done solid practice!]. PMID- 6561885 TI - [She cannot go to the gynecologist without a referral by the district physician. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6561887 TI - [Liability case. Eyes rinsed with a disinfectant agent]. PMID- 6561888 TI - [SHSTF's answer to the Abortion Committee: support patient and personnel and expand contraceptive counseling]. PMID- 6561890 TI - [To have respect for patients--is that self-evident?]. PMID- 6561889 TI - [Employees careless with clothing, jewelry, manners. Many don't realize how important certain regulations are]. PMID- 6561891 TI - [Vardfacket in the USA. He is nurses' voice in Washington. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6561892 TI - [As a member you are included in professional insurance protection]. PMID- 6561893 TI - [Equality, of course--but men carry most weight. Interview by Anita Widen]. PMID- 6561894 TI - [Research activity provides aid to female abusers: from 2 bottles wine daily to a new life without drugs. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6561895 TI - [Big Brother discussion to question how people may be straight opposites to the menacing picture in "1984"]. PMID- 6561896 TI - [Alcoholics who eat supper are nobody's business. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6561897 TI - [Vardfacket in the USA. Actress has become nurse: now patients are my audience. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6561898 TI - [Prospective nursing instructors performed study: which concept of death will nurses apply?]. PMID- 6561900 TI - [Vardfacket in the USA. Rapid turnover in nurses' labor market in the USA. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6561899 TI - [Voluntary insurance improved]. PMID- 6561901 TI - [Unemployed who start on their own lose money from the Pension Fund]. PMID- 6561902 TI - [Need for special provisions established]. PMID- 6561903 TI - [Not just care which puts patient to sleep]. PMID- 6561904 TI - [Portrait: "sometimes I'm split in two. My body is in Sweden while my heart can be found in India". Interview by Jan Thomasson]. PMID- 6561905 TI - [Nicaragua: voluntary workers go to a course to teach people better health]. PMID- 6561906 TI - [Happy with chief safety representative in Uppsala: get better service with the aid of HSL (National Organization for Health and Nursing Care Instructors)]. PMID- 6561907 TI - [Now we can start with primary nursing care]. PMID- 6561908 TI - [4 weeks in Vindeln teaches patients to eat, live and get good exercise. Interview by Anita Widen]. PMID- 6561909 TI - Nursing Profession Act, regulations, bylaws. PMID- 6561910 TI - Nursing in a genetics setting. PMID- 6561911 TI - On the multiplicity of cellular elastases and their inefficient control by natural inhibitors. PMID- 6561912 TI - Interactions between the alternative complement pathway and proteases of the coagulation system. PMID- 6561913 TI - Alpha-2-plasmin-inhibitor inactivation by human granulocyte elastase. PMID- 6561914 TI - Human kininogens and their function in the kallikrein-kinin systems. PMID- 6561915 TI - Changes in components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin and fibrinolytic systems induced by a standardized surgical trauma. PMID- 6561916 TI - Studies on the kallikrein-kinin system in plasma and peritoneal fluid during experimental pancreatitis. AB - Using chromogenic peptide substrate assay technique, components of the plasma kallikrein-kinin system and trypsin activity were studied in plasma and peritoneal exudate during acute pancreatitis in pigs. In the plasma no significant changes occurred, but increased kallikrein activity was found in the peritoneal exudate. This finding was paralleled by a reduction in prekallikrein levels and functional kallikrein inhibition values. The trypsin activity in peritoneal exudate, however, increased inconstantly. These results emphasize the significance of peritoneal protease-antiprotease imbalance during acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6561917 TI - The influence of the kallikrein-kinin system in the development of the pancreatic shock. PMID- 6561919 TI - Informed consent. An MD responsibility? PMID- 6561920 TI - Shift work. How does it affect you? PMID- 6561918 TI - Kinin-forming system in the genesis of hypertension. PMID- 6561921 TI - Iatrogenic arterial injuries. PMID- 6561922 TI - Fit to fly. PMID- 6561923 TI - Orthopedic pain. What does it mean? PMID- 6561924 TI - Nursing diagnosis. A matter of form. PMID- 6561926 TI - Sunny prospects in Florida. PMID- 6561925 TI - Programmed instruction. Resolving conflicts. PMID- 6561928 TI - The good "new" days in OB. PMID- 6561927 TI - Problems with meperidine. PMID- 6561930 TI - Nursing care models for adolescent families. PMID- 6561929 TI - The regulation of advanced nursing practice as provided for in nursing practice acts and administrative rules. PMID- 6561931 TI - An improved program for adolescent prenatal care. PMID- 6561932 TI - Reducing pregnancy complications in adolescents through prenatal education. PMID- 6561933 TI - Teaching pregnant adolescents and their helper: keep it simple, make it fun. PMID- 6561934 TI - The multidisciplinary team approach to perinatal care of adolescents. PMID- 6561935 TI - Public policy. Teenage pregnancy: program and politics. PMID- 6561936 TI - Community-based childbirth education classes: a documentation of nursing practice for adolescent families. PMID- 6561937 TI - The Lancaster County Young Motherhood Service. PMID- 6561938 TI - Parenting education and follow-up care. Teaching parenting in the adolescent program. PMID- 6561939 TI - Helping the pregnant adolescent remain in school: the continuing education program. PMID- 6561940 TI - Providing primary care to adolescent mothers and their babies. PMID- 6561941 TI - Research. Nursing measures to improve birth and early mothering for adolescents. PMID- 6561942 TI - A study of specialized care for adolescent mothers and their infants. PMID- 6561943 TI - Utilizing Q-sort for needs assessment of adolescent prenatal clients. PMID- 6561944 TI - Prenatal care and childbirth education. Adolescent couples and childbirth education. PMID- 6561945 TI - Caring for the alienated adolescent mother. PMID- 6561947 TI - Career ladders: an approach to professional productivity and job satisfaction. From the American Nurses' Association Cabinet on Nursing Services. PMID- 6561946 TI - Guidelines for fellowship programs in nursing administration. From the American Nurses' Association Cabinet on Nursing Services and American Society for Nursing Service Administrators. PMID- 6561949 TI - Precis of papers submitted for 1983 conference. PMID- 6561948 TI - A comparison of starvation and elastase models of emphysema in the rat. AB - Starvation and elastase-induced changes in rat lung structure, biochemistry, and function were compared as models of human pulmonary emphysema. Ten-week-old male rats were instilled intratracheally with either porcine pancreatic elastase in saline (E) or with saline alone. A group of the saline-instilled rats were fed one third of their normal food intake until a 45% loss of body weight occurred (S). The remaining saline-instilled rats served as control animals (C). Post treatment evaluations included in vivo respiratory function, lung histopathologic and morphometric analyses, lung tissue proteinolytic activity, and lung collagen. The E rats had in vivo respiratory function changes more similar to human emphysema than those of S rats. All lung volume subdivisions were decreased in S rats and increased in E rats. The volume-pressure curve of S rats was shifted to the right of the C curve, whereas that of E rats was shifted to the left. Forced expiratory flow rates of E rats were decreased at all lung volumes, but those of S rats were not. Both E and S rats had larger terminal air spaces and less alveolar surface area than did C rats. The S rats had more collagen per gram lung and higher proteinolytic activity than did C or E rats. These results show that, although starvation induces some changes characteristic of human emphysema, elastase-treatment provides a model more similar to the human disease. PMID- 6561951 TI - The effect of "pinch-grasp" technique on pain reaction of selected patients during intramuscular injection. PMID- 6561950 TI - Factors related to post-partum mothers' decision to breast-feed. PMID- 6561952 TI - Correlation between measures of student selection, academic achievement and board examination performance of Saint Louis University nursing graduates. PMID- 6561953 TI - Amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid in the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. AB - Forty-four patients (43 female, 1 male), all with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, were treated with 250 mg of amoxicillin plus 125 mg of clavulanic acid (one tablet of Augmentin) every 8 h for 7 days. The microbiological cure rates were 84% 1 week after the end of treatment and 67% 1 month later. Side effects, which were reported by 20% of the patients, were mild and in no case caused interruption of treatment. In view of the increasing trend in resistance to agents commonly used for the treatment of urinary tract infections in outpatients, the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid may now be considered a first-line drug in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. PMID- 6561954 TI - In vitro activities of aztreonam, piperacillin, and ticarcillin combined with amikacin against amikacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. cepacia isolates from children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Amikacin, combined with aztreonam, piperacillin, or ticarcillin, synergistically inhibited amikacin-resistant sputum isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. cepacia from children with cystic fibrosis. Ticarcillin-amikacin was the least active combination. Aminoglycoside resistance should not preclude the use of beta lactam-aminoglycoside combinations in the treatment of pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6561956 TI - Adsorbed soluble [3H]elastin as substrate for proteinase activity. A new microassay technique. AB - A microassay for elastase activity has been designed. Microtubes are coated with soluble elastin substrate by passive adsorption to the tube walls. On contact with enzymes in test samples, radioactivity is released into the sample buffer, which is then transferred to vials containing scintillation fluid without further processing. Porcine pancreatic elastase (EC 3.4.21.11) is easily detected in concentrations down to 8 micrograms/litre. The interassay coefficient of variation (CV) was below 10% for values above 50 micrograms/litre. The assay is rapid, precise, economical and sensitive. PMID- 6561955 TI - Tissue kallikrein synthesis and its modification by testosterone or low dietary sodium. AB - A method has been developed to measure the relative rate of rat tissue kallikrein synthesis which employs a specific antiserum raised against a purified rat urinary kallikrein. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into kallikrein and protein 20 min after intraperitoneal injection was measured in submaxillary gland, pancreas, kidney and descending colon. Kallikrein content was measured with a direct radioimmunoassay, and kallikrein-specific incorporation of [35S]methionine measured after immunoprecipitation. Kallikrein specific radioactivity (c.p.m./mg of enzyme) was about 100-fold greater than that in total protein in both kidney and colon. In contrast, in pancreas the incorporation into the enzyme was only 5 fold higher than into protein, and in submaxillary gland the incorporation was equivalent. Measured as kallikrein-specific radioactivity relative to total protein radioactivity incorporated in 20 min, kallikrein represents 0.18% of total protein synthesis in the kidney, 0.34% in the pancreas, 0.41% in the colon, but 7.29% in the submaxillary gland. Dietary Na+ restriction increased the relative rate of kallikrein synthesis 1.8-fold in the kidney without a comparable effect in submaxillary gland. In contrast, testosterone increased the relative rate of synthesis 2.3-fold in submaxillary gland, but decreased it in kidney. The data show that endogenous kallikrein synthesis differs markedly in various tissues, and that interventions which are known to change kallikrein content or excretion also change the relative rate of enzyme synthesis. PMID- 6561957 TI - Reduced glandular kallikrein-like activity in the anterior pituitary of the New Zealand genetically hypertensive rat. AB - Anterior pituitaries of New Zealand genetically hypertensive and normotensive rats were compared for their content of glandular kallikrein-like activity. Anterior pituitary homogenates were assayed for their ability to cleave a chromogenic peptide substrate for glandular kallikrein (H-D-val-leu-arg-p nitroanilide) at pH 8.0. Anterior pituitaries of both male and female New Zealand genetically hypertensive rats contained significantly less glandular kallikrein like activity than their normotensive counterparts (-55% for females and -31% for males). PMID- 6561958 TI - Elastase-type activity, elastase inhibitory capacity, lipids and lipoproteins in the sera of patients with ischemic vascular disease. AB - Elastase-type activity and elastase inhibitory capacity were determined in the sera of 130 atherosclerotic patients, suffering from ischemic vascular disease (IVD) localized at various sites, and of 60 control subjects. The concentrations of serum lipoprotein constituents (triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo-A, apo-B) have also been investigated. HDL cholesterol and apo-A levels were decreased at every site on IVD. Plasma HDL concentration in men was lower than that in women. There was a sex-related difference in the elastase-type activity of the sera: within every atherosclerotic group, elastase-type activity in women was significantly higher than in men. Elastase-type activity did not appear to vary with age and did not show any correlation with the concentration of serum lipoprotein constituents. Pancreatic elastase inhibitory capacity of sera was significantly elevated in the sera of atherosclerotic patients. There was a significant negative correlation between the inhibitory capacity and the HDL cholesterol and apo-A content of sera, respectively. Inhibitory capacity did not show sex-, or age-related variation. There was a significant positive correlation between elastase-type activity and elastase inhibitory capacity measured in control sera. In the sera of atherosclerotic patients this correlation could not be established. PMID- 6561960 TI - Effectiveness of nursing care: use of a goal oriented nursing record in end stage renal disease. PMID- 6561959 TI - The growth and development of nephrology nursing. PMID- 6561961 TI - Staff development in an outpatient dialysis facility. PMID- 6561962 TI - The effect of in vitro use of heparin in blood transfusions during dialysis on dialyzer clotting. PMID- 6561963 TI - Professional autonomy in nephrology nursing: AANNT members' views. PMID- 6561964 TI - Australian dialysis. PMID- 6561965 TI - Vasoactive factors in decompensated cirrhosis. Effect of acute plasma expansion. AB - Plasma volume expansion was performed in 16 cirrhotic patients with ascites, 8 with avid sodium retention (sodium retainers) and 8 with normal sodium balance (sodium excretors). No natriuretic response was observed in sodium retainers (daily UNa = 7.1 +/- 1.5 mEq before expansion and 20.8 +/- 7.8 after expansion; p = not significant). After expansion plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone showed a fall in both groups, whereas urinary kallikrein excretion decreased significantly in sodium retainers (27.1 +/- 9.7 before expansion and 7.8 +/- 6.4 after expansion; p less than 0.05). Baseline PGE were higher than normal in sodium retainers (997.0 +/- 134.3; p less than 0.02 vs. controls) and increased after expansion. Plasma octopamine was always within normal range. These results suggest that: a) reduction of effective plasma volume is not the main factor involved in sodium retention; b) the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has only a permissive role; c) prostaglandin system is activated and could have a protective role in maintaining renal function in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6561967 TI - [Kininogenase activity of alpha and beta/gamma forms of bovine thrombin]. AB - The kininogenase activity of alpha- and beta/gamma-forms of bovine thrombin with respect to the high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) human kininogens was studied. It was shown that both forms of the enzyme split of bradykinin from these kininogens. The kininogenase activity of alpha-thrombin is completely blocked by the highly specific thrombin inhibitor Nalpha-dansyl-L arginine-p-ethylpiperidineamide, but not by the soya bean trypsin inhibitor. The alpha- and beta/gamma-forms of thrombin hydrolyze HMW (Km(app) = 4.5 and 3.3 microM, respectively) and LMW (Km(app) = 10.1 and 4.7 microM, respectively). The specific constants (kcat/Km(app) ) for thrombin with respect to the substrates differ about 7-fold, predominantly due to the high catalytic rates of HMW as compared to LMW; the kcat values are 0.18 and 0.06 min-1, respectively. alpha Thrombin upon a long-term (over 1 hour) exposure to HMW, besides bradykinin, splits off the product inhibiting the kininogenase activity of thrombin. No differences in the specificity of the beta/gamma-form of thrombin with resect to HMW and LMW were detected. PMID- 6561966 TI - Evidence that the nucleic acid base queuine is incorporated intact into tRNA by animal cells. AB - Queuine (the base of queuosine, Q) catalytically reduced with tritium or deuterium yields a derivative in which the proton at C-8 (purine numbering system) has been exchanged and the cyclopentene ring has been reduced to a cyclopentane ring. Mouse fibroblast tRNA has been labeled by culturing the cells in medium supplemented with [3H]- and [2H]dihydroqueuine. Such tRNA yields, upon hydrolysis, the nucleoside dihydroqueuosine and a saccharide derivative of dihydroqueuosine. Each product has been identified unambiguously by mass spectrometry and chromatography. Both the 3H- and 2H-labeled material coeluted, and no unlabeled Q nucleoside was found. Therefore, dihydroqueuine is incorporated intact into tRNA in mammalian cells. Furthermore, fractionation of the labeled tRNA on concanavalin A-agarose, which specifically binds the mannosyl Q-containing tRNAAsp, has shown that the dihydroqueuosine-containing tRNAAsp is mannosylated. This is the first direct evidence that queuine is incorporated intact into mammalian tRNA in vivo. PMID- 6561968 TI - Men in nursing. PMID- 6561970 TI - Specialization in nursing: will we find a way to meet the need? PMID- 6561969 TI - The right to question orders. PMID- 6561971 TI - The diary: a self-directed approach to coping with stress. PMID- 6561972 TI - External fixation: the erector sets of orthopedic nursing. PMID- 6561973 TI - Involuntary medication: your patient advocacy role is on the line. PMID- 6561974 TI - Home apnea monitoring in infancy. PMID- 6561975 TI - Apnea monitors: false security? PMID- 6561976 TI - Infant CPR: do you know what to do? PMID- 6561977 TI - The changing role of the head nurse. PMID- 6561978 TI - You and the law. The patient's record, an invaluable communication tool. PMID- 6561979 TI - [Purification of human low molecular weight kininogen, and its application for the sensitive method of human urinary kallikrein activity]. PMID- 6561980 TI - Minority faculty: challenges for schools of nursing. PMID- 6561981 TI - Immunisation: the campaign continues. Interview by Ruth Devlin. PMID- 6561982 TI - Promoting continence: winning the fight against apathy. PMID- 6561983 TI - Holiday tummy. PMID- 6561984 TI - Putting the sex back into contraception. PMID- 6561985 TI - Community psychiatric care: time to re-think. PMID- 6561986 TI - Respiratory physiology--Part I. PMID- 6561987 TI - Nursing care to maintain neonatal thermoregulation. PMID- 6561988 TI - The electrophysioly study. PMID- 6561989 TI - Cyclosporine immunosuppression in organ graft recipients: nursing implications. PMID- 6561990 TI - The legal liabilities of critical care. Sex discrimination. PMID- 6561992 TI - Warning: oxygen in use. PMID- 6561991 TI - Efficient nursing care planning. PMID- 6561993 TI - DC countershock does not harm today's internal pacemakers. PMID- 6561994 TI - Maintaining intravascular catheter patency safely in children. PMID- 6561995 TI - AMICAR (aminocaproic acid, USP). PMID- 6561996 TI - Home study program. Bedside assessment of the myocardial infarction patient. PMID- 6561997 TI - Embryonic myocardial remnants and dual pathway conduction: management of related reentrant supraventricular tachycardias. PMID- 6561998 TI - Arrhythmia strips. PMID- 6561999 TI - Hyperthyroid crisis. PMID- 6562000 TI - The effect of 2-mercaptoacetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine, a specific inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, on experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbit eyes. AB - The compound 2-mercaptoacetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-leucine (HS-Ac-Phe-Leu) is a potent and specific inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase, effectively inhibiting the elastase activity both, in vitro and within the rabbit cornea. This inhibitor was therefore evaluated as an adjunct to antibiotics (gentamicin) treatment in experimentally induced Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits. Twenty eight hours after infection, the eyes that received both, gentamicin and HS-Ac Phe-Leu showed significantly less corneal melting than those treated with the antibiotics alone, demonstrating the beneficial effect of the inhibitor. Forty eight hours after infection, the difference in clinical appearance between the two treatment groups diminished and was statistically insignificant. No adverse effects were noted in the eyes that received the inhibitor in spite of its frequent application. The protective effect of HS-Ac-Phe-Leu, seen on the first day of the experiment suggests further exploration of the therapeutic potential of this or other, similarly structured, specific and potent inhibitors of Pseudomonas elastase. PMID- 6562001 TI - Ventilation-perfusion balance. PMID- 6562002 TI - Assessment flowsheet for spinal cord injury. PMID- 6562003 TI - Diltiazem: the latest calcium-channel blocker. PMID- 6562004 TI - Should critical care nurses participate in pharmacologic research? PMID- 6562005 TI - Cardiac radionuclide imaging: patient education. PMID- 6562006 TI - Children's experiences with endotracheal intubation. PMID- 6562007 TI - Camps for children with diabetes: a philosophy and its application. PMID- 6562008 TI - Breaking away from hospital boundaries. PMID- 6562009 TI - The effectiveness of diabetes education for non-insulin-dependent diabetic persons. PMID- 6562010 TI - Modifying dietitians' use of patient time. PMID- 6562011 TI - A team approach to... care of the elderly. PMID- 6562012 TI - Ask a pharmacist. Are there any methods than can be used to determine the specific effect that a drug has on blood glucose levels? PMID- 6562013 TI - Advice from the dietitians. Insulin pumps, self blood glucose monitoring and dietary compliance. PMID- 6562014 TI - [Therapy of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]. PMID- 6562015 TI - Effects of ammonium sulfate aerosol exposure on lung structure of normal and elastase-impaired rats and guinea pigs. AB - Rats and guinea pigs, pretreated with intratracheally administered elastase or saline, were exposed to 1.03 mg/m3 (NH4)2SO4; MMAD, 0.42 micron. Identically treated controls were sham exposed. Measurements and evaluation of structural changes were conducted using morphometric techniques on SEM photographs and by applying subjective ratings. Pathology studies were conducted by light and electron microscopy. All examination methods confirmed elastase-induced emphysema, which was aggravated by (NH4)2SO4 exposure in the rat. Ammonium sulfate exposure of saline-treated animals produced measurable degrees of enlargement of alveoli, and alveolar ducts and sacs. Electron microscopy revealed increased interstitial collagen in affected lung areas of elastase-treated, (NH4)2SO4-exposed animals. Alveolar-pore size was significantly increased in elastase-treated animals (control and exposed) but not in saline-treated, exposed animals. The data suggest a possible difference between elastase and (NH4)2SO4 in the mechanisms responsible for the increased diameter of alveolar structures. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of nonciliated epithelial cells of the small airways and of the Type II alveolar cells were observed in otherwise untreated guinea pigs exposed to (NH4)2SO4 but not in elastase-treated guinea pigs, nor in any of the rats. PMID- 6562016 TI - Experimental pulmonary emphysema induced in the rat by intratracheally administered elastase: morphogenesis. AB - Emphysema was produced experimentally in rats by administration of porcine pancreatic elastase at dose levels of 75, 100, 125, and 150 units elastase activity/100 g body wt. All doses studied were equally effective in producing emphysema. Dose levels of over 75 units activity/100 g offered no advantage in terms of degree or severity of emphysema produced; however, such doses exacerbated hemorrhage and edema, resulting in relatively high post-instillation mortality. Lesion morphogenesis at all doses tested paralleled those described in this and in other species by other investigators. The 75-unit activity produced a quantifiable degree of emphysema which was relatively constant among animals. Results suggest that because of group differences in susceptibility to elastase (or variations in batches of elastase), dose-range studies should be performed on each new group of animals. PMID- 6562017 TI - Specific inhibition of human leukocyte elastase by substituted alpha-pyrones. AB - Several a-pyrones have been synthesized and investigated for their in vitro inhibitory activity using a-chymotrypsin (a-CT), porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and human leukocyte elastase (HLE). 4-Hydroxy-6-undecyl-2H-pyran-2-one 4, 4 Hydroxy-6-[(1-butyl)heptyl]-2H-pyran-2-one 5 and 4-Methoxy-6-[(1-butyl) heptyl] 2H-pyran-2-one 6 were found to be specific inhibitors of HLE. These compounds constitute a promising new class of HLE inhibitors. PMID- 6562018 TI - Acyl-kallikrein; a delivery system for the kinin-liberating enzyme. AB - Glandular kallikrein can be temporarily acylated at the active centre by 4 amidinophenyl benzoates. The time course of reactivation depends on the nature of the acyl group introduced. Benzoyl kallikrein was used as a delivery system for kallikrein in vivo. In rabbits, bolus injection of the acylated enzyme caused a long-lasting drop in blood pressure due to sustained kinin liberation. PMID- 6562019 TI - Localization of the initial steps in alkoxyphospholipid biosynthesis in glycosomes (microbodies) of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Cell fractionation of Trypanosoma brucei cultured procyclic stages showed that the key enzyme of glycerol-ether lipid synthesis, dihydroxyacetone-phosphate acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.42) was exclusively associated with the microbody fraction. These organelles contained in addition 1-acyl glycerol-3-phosphate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.101) and acyl-CoA reductase and were capable of utilizing DHAP, but not G-3-P, as substrate for lysophosphatidic acid formation. It is concluded that in T. brucei the glycosomes are the exclusive site of the synthesis of precursors for glycerol-ether lipid synthesis and that they contain the entire pathway to form alkoxylipids from glycerol and acyl-CoA. PMID- 6562020 TI - [Noise as an occupational hazard]. PMID- 6562021 TI - [Frostbite]. PMID- 6562022 TI - [Prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6562023 TI - [Erysipelatous inflammation]. PMID- 6562024 TI - [Gonorrhea and pregnancy]. PMID- 6562025 TI - [Eruption of the milk teeth]. PMID- 6562026 TI - [First aid in chemical burns of the esophagus]. PMID- 6562027 TI - [Semisynthetic antibiotics]. PMID- 6562028 TI - [New health education motion pictures]. PMID- 6562029 TI - [Echinococcosis]. PMID- 6562030 TI - [Closed knee joint injuries in children]. PMID- 6562032 TI - [Diet therapy in kidney diseases]. PMID- 6562031 TI - [Paronychia]. PMID- 6562033 TI - [Patient rehabilitation--one of the basic tasks of Soviet public health]. PMID- 6562034 TI - [Clinical characteristics of syphilis in women and potential errors in the practice of midwives]. PMID- 6562035 TI - [Vascular parkinsonism and current methods for its drug treatment]. PMID- 6562036 TI - [Spinal and spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 6562037 TI - [Radioisotope study of the uterus and adnexa using radioactive phosphorus 32P]. PMID- 6562038 TI - [International classification of malignant tumors using the TNM system]. PMID- 6562039 TI - [Hypotensive agents]. PMID- 6562040 TI - [Training of paramedical personnel in geriatrics]. PMID- 6562041 TI - [Prevention of recurrent injuries from falls in the disabled]. PMID- 6562042 TI - [Prevention of agricultural injuries in a period of large-scale field work]. PMID- 6562043 TI - [Epidemiological survey of an infectious disease focus]. PMID- 6562044 TI - A framework for assessing pulmonary disease categories. PMID- 6562045 TI - Chest x-ray film interpretation. PMID- 6562046 TI - Sleep apnea syndromes. PMID- 6562047 TI - Professional profile: Ingeborg Mauksch. PMID- 6562048 TI - The impaired nurse: chemical dependency. PMID- 6562049 TI - Legal issues in nursing. Altering the patient record. PMID- 6562050 TI - What is wrong with nursing's image? PMID- 6562051 TI - Utilization of an intravenous drug guide. PMID- 6562052 TI - Battered women: a nursing perspective. Part III. Stages in which battered women present to health care providers. PMID- 6562053 TI - The largest Health a Human Services budget ever proposed has the aged as its primary recipient. PMID- 6562054 TI - Nutrition. Summertime eating. PMID- 6562055 TI - How to identify and remove fecal impactions. PMID- 6562056 TI - Today's elders are at risk for tetanus. PMID- 6562057 TI - Decubitus ulcer warfare: product vs. process. PMID- 6562058 TI - Dakin's solution for deep ulcers. PMID- 6562059 TI - Good orientation cuts turnover. PMID- 6562060 TI - Education to prevent falls. PMID- 6562061 TI - Who is my attendant today? PMID- 6562062 TI - Children's theatre must take a new look at old age. PMID- 6562063 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Products to treat decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6562064 TI - 70+ and going strong. Meet Fred Petersen, Master of Utopia. Interview by Susan Henning. PMID- 6562065 TI - [Streptococcus pneumoniae partially resistant to penicillin and resistant to chloramphenicol]. PMID- 6562067 TI - [Admission of abortion patients]. PMID- 6562066 TI - Alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor inactivation by human granulocyte elastase. AB - Plasminogen-binding human alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor is converted by human granulocyte elastase into its non-plasminogen-binding and finally into the inactive form of the inhibitor. This degradation of the plasmin inhibitor, described earlier as "spontaneously" occurring conversion, is shown in dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis and by measuring the kinetics of plasmin inhibition. Experiments in the presence of normal human plasma required unphysiologically high concentrations of elastase to inactivate alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, suggesting a role of elastase in this type of indirect fibrinolysis in a microenvironment only and not in systemic events. PMID- 6562068 TI - [Hepatic tumors and oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6562069 TI - [Occupational hemopathies]. PMID- 6562070 TI - [Nutritional restatement and medical considerations]. PMID- 6562071 TI - [An ergonomic concept of school work]. PMID- 6562072 TI - [Counter-prescription: a beginning social movement]. PMID- 6562073 TI - [Cardiorespiratory resuscitation of an infant. Do you know how to proceed?]. PMID- 6562074 TI - [Point blank. Illness, why?]. PMID- 6562075 TI - [The nature of nursing care of women seeking an abortion]. PMID- 6562076 TI - [Hush! I suffer from a shameful disease]. PMID- 6562077 TI - [Under Civil Law. Aimed at delegated duties]. PMID- 6562078 TI - [Therapy with fluidized air: a revolution in care]. PMID- 6562079 TI - Reading nursing: the burden of being different. AB - The data on which this paper is based were collected by means of informal interviews with final year nursing undergraduates at one university. From students' accounts it is apparent that the lives of undergraduate nurses are dominated by an all embracing feeling of 'difference'. This paper centres on the theme of 'difference' and draws upon the literature from the field of disablement in an attempt to explain the position of undergraduate nurses. PMID- 6562081 TI - Cross-cultural variations in the definition of child abuse: nurses in the United States and the United Kingdom. AB - As a form of social deviance, child abuse is subject to the definitions of various audiences rather than being intrinsic to the act. What is termed abuse varies between cultures, subcultures, etc. An exploratory study investigates similarities and differences in the definition of abuse among a sample of pediatric nurses in two U.S. (N = 18) and two U.K. (N = 34) hospitals. A questionnaire asked respondents to indicate whether they would define each of 14 different acts by a parent to be 'abusive'. The acts, ranging from 'yelling' to 'burning with a cigarette', were presented under two conditions: a five-year old child who, parents claim, (1) was 'yelling and getting on my nerves', and (2) 'would not stop throwing things and damaging furniture even when told to stop over and over'. Attribution of abuse was not greatly influenced by the two given conditions which provoked it. Nurses in the U.K. were slightly more likely than U.S. nurses to consider each act abusive, but the differences were significant for only one item: beating a child with a strap. Differences were reduced controlling for race. Among the U.S. nurses, whites were more likely to see each act as abusive than blacks, but differences were significant for only two items: beating a child with a strap and confinement to a room for the day. Cultural, subcultural, and professional variations in attribution of child abuse are discussed with implications for epidemiological findings. Suggestions for directions in future research on the attribution of abuse are offered. PMID- 6562080 TI - Antenatal health care policy, services and clients in urban Papua New Guinea. PMID- 6562082 TI - Children's perceptions of hospital: a preliminary study. AB - Three groups of children (5-6, 7-8 and 9-10 years) were interviewed about their knowledge and attitudes towards hospitals. Children were asked what they thought happened in hospitals, why people were admitted and how they became better. They were also asked the worst and best things about being in hospital. The responses of the 5-6 year old group were very inadequate, but children's perceptions of hospital varied as a function of age. The results have implications both for preparing children prior to hospitalization and dealing with emergency admissions. PMID- 6562083 TI - Adherence to therapy in psychiatric patients: an empirical investigation. AB - Patient adherence, i.e. the extent to which a patient's behavior, in terms of taking medications and keeping scheduled appointments, has been demonstrated to be essential for the successful treatment of various psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of patient education on patient compliance to psychotropic medication after discharge from hospital. A sample of 36 psychiatric patients discharged from an inpatient care facility and receiving an oral form of psychotropic drug were the subjects of this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group; and a directive patient education group. The subjects were followed up after discharge for a 6-month period. In analyzing the data, results indicated that the difference in percentage of compliance between the two groups was statistically significant. Findings imply that patient education did have an effect on patient compliance to medication. The findings of the study support a technique that can be incorporated in both in-patient and out-patient programs in psychiatric mental health facilities. It would increase patient compliance to medication and hence decrease chances of rehospitalization. PMID- 6562084 TI - A competency based learning model for critical care nursing. PMID- 6562085 TI - Software for infection control data gathering. PMID- 6562086 TI - Focus on vial sterility. PMID- 6562087 TI - Multidose medication vial sterility: an in-use study and a review of the literature. AB - Contaminated multiple-dose medication vials (MDV) have been implicated in transmission of bacterial infections. It has been suggested that MDV be discarded after 24 hours or even after a single use. At our hospital, we cultured 1,223 weekly samples from 863 MDV in-use over a three-month period. Medications included xylocaine, insulin, heparin, immunizations, and miscellaneous agents. None of the samples was culture-positive. The duration of use was 9.5d (median), 18d (mean), and 1-402d (range) with 13% of vials in-use for more than 30 days. The mean duration of use was significantly shorter for medicine wards, emergency room, and outpatient clinics than for surgery and ob-gyn wards (p less than 0.05). Heparin and insulin MDV were in-use for significantly less time than xylocaine and miscellaneous agents (p less than 0.05), and insulin MDV were more regularly dated (p = 0.001). The percentage of undated MDV declined significantly by month during the study (p = 0.003). These results lend support to our current guideline that MDV should be dated upon opening and that, unless visible or suspected contamination occurs, vials are discarded either when empty or at the manufacturer's expiration date. PMID- 6562088 TI - A potential infection hazard associated with the use of disposable saline vials. AB - Nosocomial respiratory tract infections have occasionally been associated with contaminated respiratory therapy devices and techniques. In the past two years, our hospital purchased disposable saline squeeze vials for use during suctioning of intubated patients. These vials have a cap which must be flipped or twisted off by the user before the contents can be instilled into the patient's respiratory tract. We observed use of this item in our intensive care units (ICU) and studied the potential for contamination. ICU nurses use ungloved hand(s) to flip or twist-off squeeze vial cups resulting in skin contact with the vial opening. Cultures of nurses' hands and squeeze vial contents were obtained in the ICU where 24 nurses opened 92 vials in the manner previously described. Twenty three percent of vial contents were contaminated and cultures revealed S. epidermidis, S. aureus, Streptococcus viridans and enterococcus. On six occasions, organisms recovered from vial contents were believed to be identical to organisms isolated from the hands of the nurse who opened the vial. When nurses used care in removing the saline vial cap, cultures of vial contents were sterile. PMID- 6562089 TI - Urinary tract infections with antibiotic resistant organisms in catheterized nursing home patients. AB - Long-term use of indwelling urinary catheters in nursing home (NH) patients is a potential cause of significantly morbidity. We retrospectively studied 10 NH patients with chronic indwelling urinary catheters. Sixty-four percent of all 84 antibiotic courses prescribed were for bacteriuria alone without clinical infection. Seventy percent of 63 antibiotic courses were followed by bacteriuria with organisms resistant to the antibiotic administered. Bacteria isolated from NH patients often displayed greater resistance to specific antibiotics than those isolated from hospitalized patients. Four of the 20 urinary tract infections were associated with bacteremia. Three episodes of bacteremia were with highly resistant organisms and one was fatal. Use of urinary catheters and inappropriate use of antibiotics in NH patients results in urinary tract colonization and infection with resistant bacteria and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6562090 TI - A prevalence survey of infections in a combined acute and long-term care hospital. AB - A prevalence survey of infections among 572 acute and long-term care patients in the Albany Veterans Administration Medical Center was conducted in September 1979. Presence of infection was determined by patient examination and chart review. Urine specimens from 94% of patients were cultured. The total number of clinically significant infections was 178; 117 were nosocomial (20.5 per 100 patients). The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was highest on the Intermediate Service (long-term medical care) followed by the Surgical and Medical Services. Sites with the highest nosocomial infection rates were urinary tract (10.7), skin and subcutaneous tissues (5.1), and surgical wounds (3.0) per 100 patients. Nosocomial infections increased with age and length of hospital stay which partially explained the higher rate on the Intermediate Service. Patients using condom drainage and Foley catheters showed similarly high rates of bacteriuria. Antimicrobial drug use was 17% for acute care patients and 4% for long-term and psychiatry patients. Excepting Providencia stuartii urinary tract infection confined to the Intermediate Service, the bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibilities were similar for the acute and long-term care services. PMID- 6562091 TI - AIDS--safety practices for clinical and research laboratories. AB - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, is currently a significant health problem receiving widespread interest as both cause and treatment are sought. Indications are that a transmissible agent is involved. Both clinical and research laboratories are receiving greater numbers of specimens from AIDS patients as both prevalence of the condition increases and research efforts intensify. Until such time as the causative agent is identified, prudent practice warrants that a high level of precaution be observed. The Division of Occupational and Environmental Health Services of the Yale University Health Services presents a set of safety procedures and guidelines for use by personnel of both clinical and research laboratory facilities. These exceed previously suggested containment recommendations. PMID- 6562092 TI - The pharmacology of aminoglycosides--I. Considered as a group. PMID- 6562093 TI - The emergence of nursing leaders--a case of in-spite of, not because-of. AB - Sharing is an important concept in nursing. In this paper it is explored as a feature of professional development in order to ascertain the status of sharing in the profession. Four factors are considered. First, there is a question related to whether or not nurses demonstrate the characteristics needed for sharing. The argument is that female sex role socialisation precludes nurses from developing the requisite qualities. Second, the status of men in the profession and its potential effects are discussed. Third, the concept of mentoring as seen in the research on women and nurses is developed. Fourth, the critical implications of the type of organisation nurses work in are presented. Each of these factors impinge on the ability to share and the quality of the sharing. This may mean that leaders in nursing emerge in spite of, not because of, the professional sharing that occurs. PMID- 6562094 TI - Nursing--the European directives. 2. PMID- 6562095 TI - Cross-cultural awareness: a nursing imperative. PMID- 6562097 TI - Hospitals and primary health care (PHC). PMID- 6562098 TI - Do nurse educators promote burnout? PMID- 6562096 TI - A place for the family in hospital life. PMID- 6562099 TI - Dear Mary,. PMID- 6562100 TI - Omissions in nursing research. PMID- 6562101 TI - Ethical codes: more important than ever for nurses. A review of the C.I.C.I.A.M.S. code of ethics. PMID- 6562102 TI - Determining the validity of NCLEX-PN. PMID- 6562103 TI - Ensuring the best possible test of PN capabilities. PMID- 6562104 TI - Study provides PN practice demographics. PMID- 6562105 TI - A legal perspective on the validation of NCLEX. PMID- 6562106 TI - The perceived immediate needs of families with relatives in the intensive care setting. PMID- 6562107 TI - Importance of visiting needs as perceived by family members of patients in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6562109 TI - Multidisciplinary approach for the patient on a home ventilator. AB - HFH has had an evolving home ventilator program since 1976 with the greatest growth in organization and volume since 1979. Technical advancements have made long-term home ventilator use a feasible, manageable, adjunctive, therapeutic modality in the care of patients with chronic respiratory failure. It appears to have more potential benefit for patients with sleep apnea and kyphoscoliosis than for persons with COPD. Many questions still are not answered regarding its use in patients with progressive nonrehabilitative neuromuscular disease. Critical components that must be included in all home ventilator programs include: (1) development of a "team" to train patients, families, and staff; (2) development of a standardized method of communication between the hospital personnel, family, durable medical equipment company, and home care agencies; (3) development of a screening mechanism to evaluate patient's/family's self-care potential in the use of home ventilators; (4) development and refinement of networks between acute care settings and the community agencies; and (5) development of clear channels of communication between patients and health care providers. PMID- 6562108 TI - Family crisis intervention program in the medical intensive care unit. PMID- 6562110 TI - Unilateral pulmonary edema associated with left ventricular failure. PMID- 6562112 TI - New from nursing research: the basic knowledge assessment tool (BKAT) for critical care nursing. AB - The BKAT is a valid and reliable test of basic knowledge in critical care nursing. Validity was established through a panel of nine experts in critical care nursing practice and education. Reliability was established at the alpha coefficient of 0.86 for the total test during the pilot study on a sample of 100 nurses working in CCUs . The BKAT , which is a 90-item test, has been used on both a supervised and an unsupervised basis. Findings from the pilot study included a statistically significant difference in basic knowledge between new graduates and nurses with 6 months to more than 5 years of experience in critical care nursing, and that the length of critical care experience is the best predictor of basic knowledge. No statistically significant differences were found in basic knowledge in the following groups of nurses: (1) ICU, SICU , and coronary care unit nurses, (2) those working in university or teaching hospitals, community hospitals, and government hospitals, and (3) nurses with an associate degree, diploma, or baccalaureate degree. The BKAT -2, a revision of the BKAT , indicates that the basic knowledge assessment tool can be updated as new technologies and new knowledge become part of the body of nursing knowledge related to safe practice in critical care nursing. PMID- 6562111 TI - Patient understanding of a teaching manual on cardiac catheterization. AB - A representative sample of 30 patients completed the study. Statistical analysis was such that five of six hypotheses were supported. The sixth hypothesis was not tested because of decreased sample size. Statistical analysis supported the conclusion that, in this particular study, patients learned from the teaching materials regardless of age, education, or time under a physician's care for the cardiac disorder. One of the major limitations of this study was the inability to test for an increase in patient knowledge without the use of the manual. A suggestion for further research could be the conduct of a comparison study between pretest and posttest scores of patients who used the manual and those who received the hospital's routine precatheterization care. The implications for nursing in this study were addressed at length in the introduction and review of the literature. The major advantage of a usable teaching manual is its efficiency in teaching a large number of patients in a shorter period of time. Print decreases time requirements and is more efficient than oral language, except for those who have difficulty reading. The reader can control the speed at which the material is read and comprehended. It is important to remember, however, that although written materials are helpful in patient teaching, they are not a substitute for patient-nurse contact. According to Redman , the materials do not in and of themselves allow patient responses or consider the patient's subjective feelings regarding the procedure. They do provide standardized information, an important aid that serves to increase the efficiency of the staff nurse in patient care and teaching. The researcher concedes that further investigation is necessary to provide adequate validity and reliability of the materials. Tested teaching materials in the hands of concerned health professionals can produce a more knowledgeable and cooperative patient and improve staff efficiency. PMID- 6562113 TI - Effect of verbal mediators on cognitive learning, transfer of learning, and affective behaviors of student nurses as they apply to the care of patients with myocardial infarction. PMID- 6562114 TI - Pseudoarrhythmia caused by oxygen administration. PMID- 6562115 TI - Lidocaine bradycardia. PMID- 6562116 TI - Pacemaker update 1984. Part I. Introduction to electrocardiographic analysis of pacing function and site. AB - The pacemaker 12-lead electrocardiogram accurately assesses the location of the pacing catheter tip. The electrocardiogram is the only instrument that determines whether an artificial pacemaker functions normally. PMID- 6562117 TI - The spiritual dimension of well-being. Implications for the elderly. PMID- 6562118 TI - Geriatric pharmacology: therapeutic rationale. PMID- 6562119 TI - Sorting out new mothers' learning priorities on home visits. PMID- 6562120 TI - Promoting self care in hypertensive clients through patient education. PMID- 6562121 TI - Congenital defects: implications on family development and parenting. PMID- 6562122 TI - Teaching the child with leukemia to cope with teasing. PMID- 6562123 TI - Breast-feeding and working outside the home. PMID- 6562124 TI - Early detection of oxacillin-resistant staphylococcal strains with hypertonic broth diluent for microdilution panels. AB - A total of 292 coagulase-positive and 111 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains were tested in microdilution MIC panels containing 16 to 0.13 microgram of oxacillin per ml diluted in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth with and without an additional 2% NaCl. All strains were tested using the stationary-phase inoculum procedure with an incubation temperature of 35 degrees C. Test results were recorded after 16 to 20 h of incubation; staphylococcal strains susceptible to oxacillin (less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml) were reincubated for 20 to 24 h, and endpoints were determined again. Oxacillin resistance was found in 27 (9%) of the 292 coagulase-positive strains and 39 (35%) of the 111 coagulase negative strains. Of these resistant strains, 5 (19%) of the 27 coagulase positive strains and 13 (33%) of the 39 coagulase-negative strains were detected 24 h earlier in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth with 2% NaCl than in cation-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth without the additional NaCl. However, 9 (33%) of the 27 resistant coagulase-positive strains and 10 (26%) of the 39 resistant coagulase-negative strains were detected only after an additional 24 h of incubation. Oxacillin MICs for the 265 coagulase-positive susceptible strains and 72 coagulase-negative susceptible strains were not affected by the additional 2% NaCl. These results support the utility of adding 2% NaCl to the broth diluent for the early detection of oxacillin-resistant staphylococcal strains and the necessity of extended incubation for those strains which initially appear to be susceptible to oxacillin after only 16 to 20 h of incubation. PMID- 6562126 TI - Management of pressure ulcers with a hydrocolloid occlusive dressing: results in twenty-three patients. PMID- 6562125 TI - New recommendations for disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests for methicillin-resistant (heteroresistant) staphylococci. AB - The agar disk diffusion susceptibility test was reevaluated for its ability to discriminate between susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus (128 strains) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (19 strains) when tested with methicillin, oxacillin, and nafcillin. The results show that the current recommendations for disk potencies and interpretive zone diameters do not fit well with MIC correlates that we now recommend. Based on data from this study, we suggest that these parameters of the test be changed. For methicillin, we recommend a 10-micrograms disk with breakpoints of less than or equal to 11 mm (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) to indicate resistance and greater than or equal to 15 mm (less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) to indicate susceptibility. For oxacillin and nafcillin, we recommend 4-micrograms disks with breakpoints of less than or equal to 12 mm (greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml) to indicate resistance and greater than or equal to 16 mm (less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml) to indicate susceptibility. MIC breakpoints were from a broth microdilution system which used a medium containing salt. If one of these three penicillins were to be selected for routine tests, we would recommend oxacillin, based on our data, but we recognize that this may depend upon the population of staphylococci within a particular hospital. PMID- 6562127 TI - Aging persons' quest for homeostasis: physiologic, psychologic, and social facets. PMID- 6562128 TI - Abdominal fistulas. PMID- 6562129 TI - On conducting research: formulating a research question. PMID- 6562130 TI - Splinting as an aid in pediatric ostomy care. PMID- 6562131 TI - Simple illusions and complicated truths. PMID- 6562132 TI - Trends in nursing education. PMID- 6562133 TI - The legal ramifications of specialty nursing. PMID- 6562134 TI - A study of yoga as a nursing intervention in the care of patients with pleural effusion. AB - 'Pranayama' or yogic breathing as a method of re-expansion of lungs in patients with pleural effusion was studied. Ten patients with pleural effusion practised alternate nostril breathing for 20 days after aspiration of fluid. An equal number matched for age and smoking habits underwent routine physiotherapy of the hospital for the same period. Lung function was measured: before aspiration; immediately after aspiration; and, 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after aspiration. The FVC, FEV1, MVV, PEFR, CE and RS, were used to measure lung function. The difference between the two groups in the gain in lung expansion as assessed by the above measures was tested for significance with appropriate nonparametric statistical tests at 0.1 level of significance. The results revealed that the patients practising Pranayama demonstrated a quicker re-expansion of the lungs in most of the measures of lung function. The findings are discussed in relation to implications for nursing care. PMID- 6562135 TI - Planning for rural community health nursing needs: the experience of Ecuador. AB - One of the most prevalent and enduring health care delivery problems in the Third World and less developed countries is the lack of skilled medical personnel. This is particularly true in Ecuador where there are serious deficiencies at the community health level. This paper describes the health problems which have resulted from this situation. A planning model is then presented which Ecuador is beginning to follow for improving its rural community health nursing capabilities. Other countries or developing regions with similar problems might consider the model and its implementation in resolving their own community health problems. PMID- 6562137 TI - A conceptual framework for home nursing. AB - Home nursing is typically dismissed as a series of tasks, limited in range and basic in nature. The present article describes research which repudiates this view while presenting a conceptual framework of home nursing which captures the dynamics and impact of this form of nursing upon the patient. Through using the approach of 'grounded theory' (Glaser & Strauss 1967) the present stereotype was found to be deficient. Home nursing was observed to be far more complex and challenging than generally acknowledged. Whilst the development of a conceptual framework was the primary aim of the research, the author has compared the home nursing studied in Australia to the observations of Kratz (1976, 1978) upon district nursing in England. It was found that the home nurse plays a central role in the patient's response to chronic illness. Lawrence & Lawrence (1979) have described how nursing intervention can produce, through adaption to the stress of long-term illness, a higher form of human functioning than that existing before the onset of the disorder. Surprisingly, this process has never been examined in relation to home nursing which, more than ever, is caring for increasing numbers of patients experiencing chronic illness and disability. The present study found that different variables and parameters which exist in home nursing but not in acute facilities affect the nursing intervention. If a body of nursing knowledge is to be developed and maintained from which nursing education can be co-ordinated, understanding of different nursing situations and the variables active in each is essential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6562136 TI - The rural family nurse practitioner: the quest for role-identity. AB - This study was conceived as an inquiry into the marginal nature of the rural family nurse practitioner's role. Data collection began with administration of a questionnaire to all family nurse practitioners in New Mexico for the purpose of selecting a subgroup for in-depth study. Eight rural family nurse practitioners were identified who were practicing as primary health care providers with a physician on-site 20% of the time or less. This group was studied over a period of 3 months. The major outcome of the study was the delineation of three highly interactive clusters of variables which appear to influence the development of a role-identity: personal attributes; organizational factors and inter-personal relations. Demographic data collected resulted in a profile indicating that the 'average' rural family nurse practitioner in New Mexico is a single 'Anglo' female between 35 and 44 years of age with a BSc in nursing and a strong religious background. Hypothetically, as agreement on role-expectations and behaviour is increased between the rural family nurse practitioner and the role set, increased institutionalization of the role can be expected to occur. PMID- 6562138 TI - Some problems associated with the measurement of community psychiatric nurse intervention. AB - This paper describes a study that was originally proposed to evaluate community psychiatric nurse intervention in terms of client outcome. Although the literature indicates the strong need for research of this nature, the strategy that it demands poses formidable methodological problems. These difficulties are examined within the framework of Campbell & Stanley's (1963) concept of 'internal validity'. Although the proposed design is assessed to be weak, it is argued that stringent appraisal of method can only strengthen the nursing profession's claim to produce research that is both credible and relevant. PMID- 6562139 TI - The relevance of nurses' characteristics in learning behaviour therapy. AB - Factors that influence learning are of great interest to those concerned with health care. This is because they bear on the question of change in staff and patients. This study is a systematic investigation of the individual characteristics that the nurse brings to the learning situation and their association with change. The purpose of investigating this relationship is to clarify and pinpoint variables that may facilitate selection and predictions regarding learning. This in turn has great relevance for such aspects of nursing practice as patient teaching and in-service training. The study relates seven nurse variables to six measures of learning during an in-service course in behaviour therapy techniques for 65 qualified psychiatric nurses in the United Kingdom. The results suggest that some individual characteristics considered to impede learning, such as age, are unrelated. Other characteristics, such as academic qualifications, are expected to improve learning but were also found to be unrelated. The most significant associations were found for the relationship between prior knowledge and experience and measures of skill. The results are regarded as providing support for the argument of improved specification of both individual characteristics and learning. This improvement may lead in turn to modified nurse selection criteria, revised teaching methods, and to better patient care. PMID- 6562140 TI - The relationship of clinical practice and research. AB - This paper demonstrates, through a specific case study, the relationship of nursing practice and research. The author discusses how a clinical problem stimulated research and how the research findings, then, were utilized in practice. Client attrition in an obesity programme for high-risk clients was defined as the clinical problem. The researcher worked with the staff to further delineate the problem for research. The research findings concluded that body image was a more important motivating factor for entering treatment than were physiological health concerns. The author/researcher and clinicians then utilized the findings in the programme, altering their approach to clients to include the client's goal for treatment; improved body image. The attrition rate in the clinic improved. The roles of the practitioner and those of the researcher in this relationship are discussed as well as specific factors which facilitated this important relationship. PMID- 6562141 TI - Research on teaching research in the baccalaureate nursing curriculum. AB - This article is based on a review of the research literature on teaching research to undergraduate nursing students. A paucity of this research exists yet a variety of approaches are used to teach research. These approaches are categorized into 'learn by doing', 'learn by proposing to do', and 'learn by critiquing'. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach are examined. The research literature that does exist is primarily descriptive and lacks adequate sample size and methods of inquiry. Students' attitudes and knowledge towards research are described in response to various teaching methods. Larger surveys in the United States of America and abroad provide disappointing statistics concerning the utilization and the pursuit of research knowledge by nurse clinicians. Lastly, suggestions are made for further research in teaching research to baccalaureate students in order to enhance their research knowledge and commitment to research as clinicians. The Thomas-Price Inventory for evaluating research preparation on the baccalaureate level is described. PMID- 6562142 TI - Undergraduate nursing curriculum building: an exploration into the 'sciences' requirements. AB - Academic nursing studies programmes are often channelled into one or other existing academic discipline. This limits the development of nursing knowledge which needs to be broader and more varied than a one-discipline orientation. Nursing students' epistemological difficulties arise because of inherent tensions brought about when the paradigms of such disciplines and practice requirements conflict, which so often they do. Interpretive sociological approaches as intellectual orientation for nursing studies offer a way out as their reflective patterns may encourage consciousness development and, through it, point towards changes. PMID- 6562143 TI - Surfacing nursing process: a method for generating nursing theory from practice. AB - The process dimension in nursing is far more complex than currently recognized. Lack of knowledge about process in nursing has consequences for professional development and nursing theory. A method for generating theory from systemic observation, description, identification and analysis of nursing practice is presented. PMID- 6562144 TI - Women's stressors according to age groups: Part I. PMID- 6562145 TI - Women's stress responses and coping patterns according to age groups: Part II. PMID- 6562146 TI - Assessment of the effects of menopause on individual women: a review of literature. PMID- 6562147 TI - Perception of relationship changes during the third trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 6562148 TI - Assessment of early mothering: a tool. PMID- 6562149 TI - The body image of a primigravida following cesarean delivery. PMID- 6562150 TI - 'No code'. Why won't middle-aged children consent? PMID- 6562151 TI - Self-care: assessing the aged client's need for independence. PMID- 6562152 TI - "Are nurses taught to tie people down?". PMID- 6562153 TI - Nurses can turn the tide. Helping the elderly regain self-worth. PMID- 6562154 TI - Cathepsin G in human mononuclear phagocytes: comparisons between monocytes and U937 monocyte-like cells. AB - Previous studies demonstrating that a continuous line of human monocyte-like cells (U937) and human monocytes contain elastase probably identical to human neutrophil elastase suggested the possibility that mononuclear phagocytes share other proteinases with neutrophils. The present work establishes that U937 cells contain cathepsin G, an enzyme heretofore found only in neutrophils. U937 cells contain approximately 10 micrograms of cathepsin G-like activity per 10(7) cells, about 25% of the cathepsin G activity in human neutrophils. Normal monocytes have minimal cathepsin G-like activity (approximately 0.1 microgram per 10(7) cells). The cathepsin G-like activity of U937 cells appears to be due to an enzyme that is the same as cathepsin G by several criteria: 1) it is a serine proteinase with activity like cathepsin G against a synthetic chymotrypsin substrate, succinyl ala-ala-pro-phe-p-nitroanilide; 2) the proteolytic fragments it releases from fibronectin match those released by cathepsin G; 3) like cathepsin G, it can be purified by sequential Trasylol-Sepharose affinity chromatography and carboxymethyl-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography; 4) its amino acid composition and migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are indistinguishable from cathepsin G; and 5) it binds with antiserum raised to cathepsin G. The presence of cathepsin G in U937 cells, in much higher concentration than in normal monocytes, indicates either that the content of cathepsin G in monocytes decreases markedly during monocyte differentiation or that U937 cells differ from normal immature monocytes with respect to synthesis of this neutral proteinase. PMID- 6562155 TI - Prospective payment and quality patient care. PMID- 6562156 TI - Immunoreactive tissue kallikrein in human serum. AB - Human urinary kallikrein and an antiserum to it raised in the rabbit were used to detect and quantitate immunoreactive tissue kallikrein in human serum. Both 125I labeled kallikrein and the unlabeled purified enzyme appear complexed to higher molecular weight entities in serum, but specific binding between radiolabeled enzyme and antiserum was unaffected by the presence of serum or plasma. Parallelism to standard displacement curves was always seen with radioimmunoassay of normal sera as well as with human mixed saliva or pancreatic extracts. Assay sensitivity is 160 pg/ml of serum, or 16 pg per tube. Purified plasma kallikrein or prekallikrein in concentrations up to 10 micrograms/ml showed no displacement. Acetone-kaolin activation of plasma produced the expected 30-fold increase in Tos Arg-OMe esterase activity but no change in immunoreactive tissue kallikrein levels. Serum concentrations were 3.8 +/- 0.7 (mean +/- SE) ng/ml in 21 normal volunteers, and were similar in patients with Fletcher trait or Hageman factor deficiency. Significantly increased serum concentrations were seen with long-term low dietary sodium intake or acute forms of pancreatitis. Although the relation of this immunoreactive material to any active tissue kallikrein within the circulation remains to be determined, our studies provide a new parameter for the assessment of a system repeatedly suggested to have some role in regulation of vascular resistance. PMID- 6562157 TI - Development and characterization of a radioimmunoassay to measure human tissue kallikrein in biological fluids. AB - A direct radioimmunoassay has been developed to measure tissue kallikrein in human biological fluids. These fluids include serum, plasma, urine, pancreatic juice and saliva. Purified kallikreins from human urine and human saliva were used to raise rabbit antibody and each was labelled with Na125I for use in the radioimmunoassay. A comparison of the different antigen-antibody systems was then made. Bound and free enzyme were separated by a double-antibody technique. The usable range of the standard curve was from 2.5 to 100 micrograms kallikrein/l. The intra-assay coefficient of variation was 4.7%, the interassay coefficient of variation 8.9% and the recoveries of purified kallikrein added to the samples were 99.3, 96.0, 110.8 and 81.2% for urine, saliva, serum and plasma respectively. Parallel dilution curves were obtained for serum and plasma, as well as for urine, saliva and pancreatic juice. However, plasma anticoagulated with EDTA or heparin gave consistently lower values than serum, when measured in the radioimmunoassay. From eight different subjects plasma (EDTA) values were on average 50% lower than those of serum. Experiments designed to determine the cause of this difference revealed that treatment of blood with some anticoagulants, in particular heparin and EDTA, resulted in a marked reduction in the amount of measurable tissue kallikrein. PMID- 6562158 TI - Effective discharge planning and the neurosurgical nurse. AB - Discharge planning is a complex collaborative process that begins with the admission of a patient and culminates with a smooth discharge to another care facility or home. The process is designed to ensure quality of care and cost containment. However, the goals of discharge planning can only be realized if health care professionals involved in the patient's care see this as their professional responsibility and consciously work toward meeting the needs of the patient. PMID- 6562159 TI - The neurosurgical nurse in the courtroom. PMID- 6562160 TI - The curriculum vitae and the resume: contrasts, similarities, and applications. PMID- 6562161 TI - The AANN conceptual framework. The Standards Committee. PMID- 6562162 TI - Posterior circulation ischemia: assessment and treatment. PMID- 6562163 TI - Carotid cavernous fistula: a case study and subject review. PMID- 6562164 TI - Acute transverse myelitis: dilemma of diagnosis but not of nursing care. PMID- 6562165 TI - The limbic system and behavior. PMID- 6562168 TI - Evaluating the effects of music on electroencephalogram patterns of normal subject. PMID- 6562167 TI - Positioning the neurosurgical patient in the operating room: 'a team effort'. PMID- 6562169 TI - Developing prospective managers. Part 2. The process. AB - This article is the second in a series of three articles that describe a project set up to define, design, and try out tools for the selection and development of nurse managers. Through the Prospective Managers Pilot Project, Stanford University Hospital nurses have explored an alternative to the traditional approach of "working your way up the ladder" to management competence. Selected candidates, with less than 1 year of clinical experience, strove to learn and demonstrate 25 defined skills of a head nurse. The first article in the series addressed the experiential interview approach to selection of candidates. This article defines the competency expectations of the head nurse, methodology to attain these skills by the prospective manager, and the tools that the project coordinator and mentors used to measure the development of the prospective manager. PMID- 6562166 TI - Central cord injury: implications for nursing. PMID- 6562171 TI - A framework for assessing performance problems. AB - How do we as managers address problems of nonperformance ? Robert Mager and Peter Pipe provide a framework for identifying the real problem, deciding whether or not there is a skill deficiency, and whether performance is punishing or whether nonperformance is rewarding. If performance really matters, are there obstacles to performing? This framework helps us to analyze performance deficiencies systematically and to move toward an appropriate solution. PMID- 6562170 TI - Planning to meet the needs of the hospitalized elderly. AB - With the elderly population increasing, the number of elderly clients served by almost any type of health care organization will continue to increase. What kind of planning does a hospital nursing administrator need to do to assure that her or his nursing service can give better care to a larger numbers of elderly clients? What are the staffing considerations? Services and facilities considerations? Staff education needs? Budget considerations? Quality-of-care issues? This article will discuss these questions and present Eitel Hospital's comprehensive approach to meeting the needs of the hospitalized elderly. PMID- 6562172 TI - Tressie remembers the way it was. Interview by Grace Wallace. PMID- 6562174 TI - Endurance: a nurse's hike in the Rockies helped her survive her father's illness. PMID- 6562173 TI - My child has a brain tumor. PMID- 6562175 TI - Does Christianity cause mental illness? PMID- 6562176 TI - Pro-Life in word or deed? PMID- 6562177 TI - Spiritual care. How to assess spiritual needs of children and their families. PMID- 6562179 TI - Child psychiatric nursing. PMID- 6562178 TI - Effect of sodium on transport of weak electrolytes across rat jejunum in vitro. AB - The effects of ion substitution and inhibitors on the transport of two representative weak electrolytes, benzoic acid and amphetamine, across short circuited rat jejunum in vitro have been studied. The spontaneous asymmetries in the transport of the weak electrolytes were not dependent on the presence of either bicarbonate or chloride in the incubation medium. Net transport of the weak electrolytes was abolished when choline was substituted for sodium in the fluid bathing the mucosal surface of the tissue, but weak electrolyte transport was independent of the presence of sodium on the serosal side. Weak electrolyte transport was inhibited by ouabain and by orthovanadate. The effect of ouabain was abolished when potassium was substituted for sodium in the serosal fluid, and the effect of orthovanadate was potentiated in this condition. It was shown that the ability of the intestinal epithelium to discriminate between the ionized and non-ionized forms of weak electrolytes was not altered when choline was substituted for sodium in the incubation medium, indicating that the effect of sodium was associated with the driving force for weak electrolyte transport. Weak electrolyte transport was not abolished by raising the serosal potassium concentration, suggesting that the transport process was directly related with the function of the sodium pump, rather than correlated with gradients of electrical or chemical potential established as a consequence of pump activity. PMID- 6562180 TI - The use of attachment theory in a clinical situation: secure attachment, anxious attachment. PMID- 6562182 TI - The new-look school nurse. PMID- 6562181 TI - Developing a childrens' inpatient psychiatric unit. PMID- 6562183 TI - Child therapy groups: in the real world. AB - In an inner city university outpatient clinic, group leaders used the literature for guidance and for goal setting, but they often worked with children and their families under less than ideal circumstances to provide needed support and facilitate change. Even without the desired continuity of leadership and consistent structure, they found that an ongoing middle childhood group could continue its task of laying the groundwork for basic changes in children. Children with a variety of problems continued to build relationships, deal with feelings and modify behavior in a supportive atmosphere throughout a chaotic summer. PMID- 6562184 TI - An introduction to slit lamp photography. PMID- 6562185 TI - The modern fundus camera. PMID- 6562186 TI - The nurse's role in ophthalmic photography. PMID- 6562188 TI - Education in ophthalmic photography. PMID- 6562187 TI - Innovations in ophthalmic photography. PMID- 6562189 TI - Wide angle photography using the Pomerantzeff equator plus camera. PMID- 6562190 TI - What's your impression? Asteroid hyalosis. PMID- 6562191 TI - Nursing diagnosis: the patient having cataract surgery. PMID- 6562192 TI - Perspective on contact lenses. PMID- 6562193 TI - Fundamentals in focus: cataracts. PMID- 6562194 TI - [Etiological studies of essential hypertension. D. Kallikrein-kinin system and prostaglandins system]. PMID- 6562196 TI - [When impersonal care becomes humane nursing]. PMID- 6562195 TI - [Structure of nursing care without due consideration to patients: personal suggestions for improvement]. PMID- 6562197 TI - [Nursing care to suit the individuality of each patient]. PMID- 6562198 TI - [Impersonal care in psychiatry]. PMID- 6562199 TI - [Nursing based on the patient's needs]. PMID- 6562201 TI - [Improvement in impersonal nursing care: through the learning process of students]. PMID- 6562200 TI - [Interactions with patients without sensory perception--rethinking of nursing]. PMID- 6562202 TI - [Negative factors in nursing observed in behaviors of nursing students]. PMID- 6562204 TI - [Preservation of mental health: a suggestion by a nursing supervisor]. PMID- 6562203 TI - [Report on home nursing. 3. Home care of patients with sequelae of stroke. Approach to rehabilitation using the remaining functions]. PMID- 6562205 TI - [Life with a handicapped child: a report by his mother]. PMID- 6562206 TI - [Importance of the team approach in care]. PMID- 6562207 TI - [Problems concerning brain death and vegetative state. 3. Brain death. 2]. PMID- 6562208 TI - [Questions and answers on diabetes mellitus. 12. Activities of the Japanese Diabetes Society]. PMID- 6562209 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 3. Life and death of infants]. PMID- 6562210 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Misako Yamazaki who is active with a group for the study of the Balint method]. PMID- 6562212 TI - [Practice of the open system in the United States]. PMID- 6562211 TI - [Geriatric care in the United States. 3. Geriatric departments and geriatricians: visits to the organizations where geriatric care originated]. PMID- 6562214 TI - [Guidance of diabetic patients related to daily activities: care encompassing the whole life, and interactions by nurses]. PMID- 6562213 TI - [Care of diabetic patients in life activities. Learning from patients. A discussion]. PMID- 6562215 TI - [Dietary instruction for diabetic patients in view of daily activities guidance]. PMID- 6562216 TI - [For easy to understand patient education: planning of a regional health care program for diabetic patients by Saito Hospital at Obihiro City]. PMID- 6562217 TI - [Care of diabetic patients by all health occupations]. PMID- 6562218 TI - [Ambulatory care of patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus on Sundays]. PMID- 6562219 TI - [Practice of diabetic care at the Kofu Kyoritsu Hospital]. PMID- 6562220 TI - [Instruments and equipment useful in self care by diabetic patients]. PMID- 6562222 TI - [Problems concerning vegetative states and brain death. 4. The vegetative state]. PMID- 6562221 TI - [Behavioral medicine. 12. Importance of conference in team care]. PMID- 6562223 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 1. Delay in the development of rehabilitation medicine]. PMID- 6562224 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 4. The end of "natural life"]. PMID- 6562225 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Tatsuko Honda; usefulness of hobbies in nursing]. PMID- 6562226 TI - [Geriatric care in the United States. 4. Current status of geriatric care via geriatric centers: regional care extended from the centers]. PMID- 6562227 TI - [Busy life of inpatients: a report from the United States]. PMID- 6562228 TI - [Side effects and complications of anesthesia]. PMID- 6562229 TI - [Complications of anesthesia]. PMID- 6562230 TI - [Preoperative checklist to prevent anesthetic complications]. PMID- 6562231 TI - [Standardization of patient observation in the operating room to prevent anesthetic complications]. PMID- 6562232 TI - [Prophylactic role of the anesthetic nurse concerning anesthetic troubles]. PMID- 6562233 TI - [Coping with anesthetic complications during the operation]. PMID- 6562234 TI - [Countermeasures and nursing care in malignant hyperthermia during the operation]. PMID- 6562235 TI - [Providing prophylactic care for respiratory/circulatory complications during anesthesia]. PMID- 6562236 TI - [Complications in endotracheal intubation and its nursing care]. PMID- 6562237 TI - [Operative care of the patient with angina pectoris; with reference to the prophylactic approach to anesthetic complications]. PMID- 6562238 TI - [Attempting continuous care of the patient with gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6562239 TI - [Prophylactic effect of scalp cooling to prevent chemotherapy-induced hair loss]. PMID- 6562240 TI - [Nursing care of patients undergoing urostomy]. PMID- 6562241 TI - [Examination of a sterilizer indicator]. PMID- 6562242 TI - [Immunotherapy of cancer]. PMID- 6562243 TI - [Desensitization by oral HD (house dust) capsules]. PMID- 6562244 TI - [Anesthetic inhalation therapy of status asthmaticus]. PMID- 6562246 TI - [Physiopathology and management of shock lung and ARDS]. PMID- 6562245 TI - [Emergency tests]. PMID- 6562247 TI - [Complications (except peritonitis) of the patient with CAPD]. PMID- 6562248 TI - [Early identification of CAPD complications and nursing care]. PMID- 6562249 TI - [A survey of medical instruction sources concerning patients' live style and home care in chronic renal failure. 3]. PMID- 6562250 TI - [Dealing with emergency care. Severe headache]. PMID- 6562251 TI - [An orthopedic assessment you can do in 15 minutes]. PMID- 6562252 TI - Collaborative planning of patient care in the prenatal, labor and delivery, and neonatal settings. AB - Self-care consumer and nursing movements have emphasized the role of the patient as an active participant in the planning and implementation of care. A nursing model that focuses on the interaction that takes place between the nurse and patient as they develop and implement a collaborative plan of care is presented. Three examples of how the model has been used in maternal-child health settings are given. PMID- 6562253 TI - Infant feeding choice and the adolescent mother. AB - A descriptive study of 25 pregnant adolescents was conducted to determine where information about feeding is obtained and when the information has the most impact. Family and social environment was a source of information for all of the subjects; the next most frequently cited source of information on infant feeding was magazines. Only two of the subjects identified clinical nurses as a source of infant feeding information. Data indicate that the majority of the subjects had made their feeding decisions in early pregnancy. Results of this study indicate that nurses need to improve their image as a source of information for the adolescent who is trying to make the important feeding decision. PMID- 6562254 TI - Factors that predispose to premature rupture of the fetal membranes. AB - Causes of premature rupture of the fetal membranes were explored in a study of 25,820 pregnancies. Fourteen risk factors were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The following maternal factors had a positive association with premature ruptures: advanced maternal age, non-white race, multiparity, instrumentation of the cervix prior to pregnancy, cigarette smoking, incompetent cervix, low pregnancy weight gain, and recent coitus. PMID- 6562255 TI - Attributes of the oral cavity as a site for basal body temperature measurements. AB - The thermal topography of the oral cavity of 11 women was mapped with thermocouples in early morning waking conditions. A reference thermocouple was placed in the vagina. No significant difference was found in the time required to reach a steady-state oral temperature and in the achieved steady-state temperature difference (Tv-To) in the preovulatory and postovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Location of the thermocouple in the oral cavity had a significant effect on steady-state temperature differences. After equilibration of oral thermometers, women breathed through their mouths for exactly five minutes. Mouths were closed and a second temperature equilibration phase was recorded. Mouth breathing had a significantly greater effect on the temperature of the anterior sublingual and dorsum of the tongue sites than on the posterior sublingual and buccal trough sites. PMID- 6562256 TI - Abortion. PMID- 6562257 TI - The role of the nurse practitioner in artificial insemination. AB - The nurse practitioner caring for the couple requesting artificial insemination is able to provide comprehensive care as a teacher, counselor, and technician. An artificial insemination program is described, in which the nurse practitioner assesses the couple's emotional status relative to infertility, counsels them if indicated, describes the legal ramifications of the procedure, performs the insemination, and assists in interviewing donors for the program. PMID- 6562258 TI - Unit dose erythromycin ophthalmic ointment for neonatal ocular prophylaxis. AB - Silver nitrate solution has been used since the 1880s for newborn prophylaxis against Neisseria gonorrhoeae ocular infections. Recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control state that erythromycin and tetracycline ophthalmic products may serve as alternatives to silver nitrate solution. The selection of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment offers the advantage of antimicrobial activity against Chlamydia trachomatis and is not associated with the chemical conjunctivitis often seen with silver nitrate solutions. The only commercially available form of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is a 3.5-gm tube. Repackaging the ointment into tuberculin syringes reduces the cost to the patient and provides the nurse with a more convenient method of administering the ointment to the neonate. PMID- 6562259 TI - Maternal-fetal transport. A nurse team. AB - Northwestern Perinatal Center in Chicago, Illinois, developed and implemented a maternal-fetal transport system. The system is unique not only because it is in a metropolitan area but also because the transport teams are nurses only in more than 95% of the maternal-fetal transports. Rationale and design of the system, development of the team, discussion of problems, and certification process for nurses is presented. PMID- 6562260 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6562261 TI - Menstrual disorders. Premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea. AB - The nurse practitioner, with skills in clinical management and concern for the psychosocial and emotional well-being of clients, is in a unique position to intervene on behalf of those who suffer menstrual disorders. Premenstrual tension, dysmenorrhea, and amenorrhea are discussed with attention to patient education, as well as to diagnosis and management. PMID- 6562262 TI - Contraception. Helping patients choose. AB - Clients have more contraceptive alternatives available today than at any time in the past. While most clients have some knowledge of the various contraceptive methods, they frequently require more specific information from the health-care professional to determine the suitability of a particular method for individual use. Nurse practitioners are trained to provide clients with accurate information and to help them explore individual needs and preferences for a contraceptive method. PMID- 6562263 TI - Genetic screening. AB - The family planning nurse practitioner may be the client's only link to genetic screening, education, and counseling. The principles of genetics, the types of genetic defects and their causes are presented. Clients at risk and the nurse practitioner's role in providing education, support, counseling, and referrals are discussed. PMID- 6562264 TI - Vaginitis. AB - The normal physiology of the vagina, the six most common causes of vaginal discharge, current accepted methods of treatment, and specific nurse practitioner implications are reviewed. PMID- 6562265 TI - Family planning needs of adolescents. AB - Nurse practitioners working with teenagers need to take into consideration their level of psychosocial development. Examples of how nurse practitioners can provide family planning care to teenage clients based on their development are given. Two services, one center for young adolescents and one for college-age adolescents, are described. PMID- 6562266 TI - Providing infertility care. AB - In recent years nurse practitioners have expanded their repertoire of ob/gyn skills to include the provision of infertility care. To minimize the stresses involved in an infertility investigation, couples benefit from a care provider who can educate them about the factors, testing, and treatments involved in infertility. They also need a provider who can support them emotionally through a work-up that touches upon the sensitive aspects of their sexuality, partner relationship, and self-esteem. Nurse practitioners have demonstrated an aptitude in providing competent medical care and health education in the context of a therapeutic relationship. Utilization of the physician/nurse practitioners collaborative team approach offers one successful model for integrating nurse practitioners into the practice of infertility. PMID- 6562267 TI - The first trimester. AB - Maternal and fetal events of the first trimester are examined with emphasis on the more common physiologic changes that occur. Suggestions are given for the management of nausea, breast tenderness, frequency of urination, and fatigue. Critical components of initial prenatal care are discussed and timing of subsequent visits recommended. The most common complications of early pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and ectopic pregnancy are reviewed. PMID- 6562269 TI - [Notice good features in children]. PMID- 6562268 TI - The private practice nurse practitioner. AB - Nurse practitioners have endless possibilities for innovative practice. Deciding on provision of independent practice, suggestions for implementation and service, possible barriers, and solutions are discussed. Future directions for services are outlined. PMID- 6562270 TI - [Sweden's new family training activities]. PMID- 6562271 TI - [Clarification of problems of work safety in the health care field]. PMID- 6562273 TI - Perspectives on Soviet nursing and health care. PMID- 6562272 TI - [Memories]. PMID- 6562274 TI - Health care and nursing in the republic of Panama--a personal reflection. PMID- 6562275 TI - Nursing in Kenya. PMID- 6562276 TI - Nursing assessment and management of the frail elderly. PMID- 6562278 TI - Hospital nursing practice in transition. PMID- 6562277 TI - New: the Ph.D. in nursing, the University of Kansas School of Nursing. PMID- 6562279 TI - Active and inactive kallikrein in rabbit connecting tubules and urine during low and normal sodium intake. AB - Active and total (trypsin-activated) kallikrein were measured in urine and the discrete segments of the nephron of rabbits fed low and normal sodium diets. Kallikrein was measured by its kininogenase activity, and kinins generated were measured by radioimmunoassay. The amount of inactive kallikrein was calculated as the difference between total and active kallikrein. The nephrons were microdissected and divided into eight segments: (1) glomerulus; (2) proximal convoluted tubule; (3) cortical thick ascending limb; (4) bright portion of distal convoluted tubule; (5) granular portion of distal convoluted tubule; (6) granular portion of cortical collecting tubule; (7) light portion of cortical collecting tubule; and (8) medullary collecting tubule. As we have previously described, active and inactive kallikrein were localized mainly in the granular portion of the distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubules (connecting tubule). Both active and inactive kallikrein in the granular portion of the distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubule increased markedly during low sodium intake without altering the distribution profile. Urinary excretion of active and inactive kallikrein also increased significantly in the low sodium diet. More than 50% of total kallikrein was found in the inactive form in the nephron and urine. The ratio of active to total kallikrein in the nephron and urine was not changed by sodium restriction. These results suggest that sodium restriction stimulates the biosynthesis and excretion of both active and inactive kallikrein. PMID- 6562280 TI - Hemodialysis leukopenia and complement function with different dialyzers. AB - The relationship between leukopenia and the complement system during hemodialysis was re-examined by studying not only the in vivo effects of four different dialyzer membranes (cellulose hydrate, cuprophan, cellulose acetate, and polyacrilonitrile) on leukocyte counts and complement levels, but especially by investigating the effects of these membranes on complement function in vitro. Whereas from in vivo studies no definite conclusions could be drawn, in vitro investigations provided clear-cut information. When more sophisticated technical approaches were undertaken, it became evident that hemodialysis leukopenia has to be thought of in terms of chemotactic factor generation. In fact, a strict correlation was demonstrated between the degree of leukopenia induced by the dialyzers tested and the ability of the relative membrane to generate chemotactic activity in vitro. Moreover, the previously observed ability of polyacrilonitrile membrane to induce a decrement in complement function was due to the ability of polyacrilonitrile to adsorb complement activity and did not correspond to effective complement consumption. This finding explained why polyacrilonitrile dialysis is not accompanied by a decrease in circulating granulocytes. Taken together, our data strongly point to a pivotal role of complement system in the pathogenesis of hemodialysis leukopenia. PMID- 6562281 TI - Emerging trends in professional preparation: implications for the future of health education. AB - During the 1982-1983 academic year, 115 academic institutions were surveyed concerning trends in professional preparation in Health Education. Findings indicate that 13,225 students are currently majoring in Health Education with 4,810 specializing in school health education and 8,415 specializing in public health education. A marked increase in the number of students specializing in public health education within the past five years was reported by 78 institutions and 13 of the 78 institutions reported a corresponding decrease in the number of students specializing in school health education. Recent enrollment trends at teacher preparation institutions suggest that significant changes in professional preparation in Health Education are under way. PMID- 6562282 TI - What high school students don't know about cardiovascular disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify what high school students do not know about the cardiovascular system, its diseases and their prevention. A total of 135 questions were administered to 3,000 students around the country. Student responses were analyzed by general knowledge area, taxonomic levels of knowledge required to answer and response patterns within individual test items. The results are discussed in terms of guidelines for health education. PMID- 6562283 TI - The California Statewide Family Health Education and Training Program 1981-1982. AB - Through support from the California State Department of Health Services, San Diego State University continued a statewide program in family life education, which consisted of: 1) establishment of a statewide advisory committee representative of many diverse points of view; 2) performance of a study of the teaching of family life education in the ninth and 10th grades of public schools in the state, as well as an examination of the present status of training of teachers; 3) provision of consultation and training programs for local school districts, including community support and implementation training, program development consultation teacher training and a limited number of small block grants to improve local family life education program efforts; and 4) preservice education classes to be conducted at teacher preparation campuses in the California State University system. The paper describes some of the findings of the study of the ninth and 10th grades, as well as the details of methodology of all four components of the statewide program. PMID- 6562284 TI - Students' knowledge of child health and development: effects on approaches to discipline. AB - Unrealistic developmental and behavioral expectations of children, which are associated with child abuse, are related to a lack of knowledge about child development and child rearing. The Iowa Child Development Test (ICDT) was administered to college students to determine their knowledge of child health and development and effects on disciplinary approaches. The results indicated that college students had inadequate knowledge and those who most frequently chose harsh disciplinary methods in simulated child management situations were least knowledgeable. This finding is similar to that reported in an earlier study of high school seniors. College men knew less than college women about child development and health, and more frequently selected harsh punishment. Although noneducation and education majors did not differ with regard to level of knowledge on the ICDT, noneducation majors more frequently chose punish and abuse responses. The findings suggest a need to provide broad-based programs in child rearing education prior to parenthood to reduce the potentiating effects of inadequate knowledge of child health and development on the incidence of child abuse. PMID- 6562285 TI - Nutrition messages in elementary school textbooks. PMID- 6562286 TI - Defining health: a multidimensional model. AB - The purpose of this article is to describe a new conceptual model of holistic health. The model employs an extremely popular toy that makes it very accessible to both young children and adults. Factors that affect health status and the role of personal behavior are also discussed. Specific recommendations for members of the school health team are presented. PMID- 6562287 TI - Changes in children's school performance as a result of education for family management of asthma. AB - This paper describes the impact of an asthma self-management program for parents and children on the school performance and adjustment of children with asthma. Program participants were predominantly low income, minority families enrolled in four pediatric outpatient clinics. The educational content of the program was based on a needs assessment of the participants and recommendations of medical consultants. Parents and children participated separately in group sessions that focused on the development of self-management skills and problem solving. The program was organized into six themes including "how to help your child (yourself) do well in school." The program was evaluated with an experimental research design and yielded significant school related benefits. Children participating in the program maintained better grades. Math, reading and science grades were higher relative to control group children in the year following the program. Within a subgroup of children who received care from private practitioners, program children exhibited better social adjustment to school than did control group children. PMID- 6562288 TI - Capturing the energy of peer pressure: insights from a longitudinal study of adolescent cigarette smoking. AB - The effects of peer pressure on smoking behavior were described by subjects in a longitudinal study in the ninth grade, the 11th grade and 10 years later. Peer pressure was reported in terms of meeting certain desirable image characteristics and not in terms of direct pressure to smoke. Smoking was just one of many ways to create this image. It is suggested that education can incorporate peer pressure in a positive way by considering ways to change the "images" that energize certain behaviors, by introducing the learner to alternative ways to achieve the image and by alerting (immunizing) young people to the manipulative functions of image and peer pressure. PMID- 6562289 TI - The influence of communicator characteristics on the nutrition attitudes and behavior of high school students. AB - The development of school health programs requires that careful attention be paid to the communication of health information. One factor important to the communication process is the characteristics of the health communicator. Both the expertise of communicators and the similarity of communicators to their audiences have been found to influence acceptance of health messages. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of both similarity and expertise on the nutrition behavior and attitudes of high school students. Results of the study indicate that the greater the perceived similarity of the communicator, the greater the influence of the communicator. The communicator perceived to be both low in similarity and high in expertise was the least influential communicator. School health educators need to consider their students perceptions in developing health programs. Health educators can enhance their influence by forming linkages with their students, ie, emphasizing common interests and experiences. By emphasizing their similarities with their students rather than expertise, school health educators are likely to increase their effectiveness. PMID- 6562290 TI - Assessing student emotional behavior after parental separation or divorce. AB - Divorce affects 12.5 million children in this country and many are school-age. School nurses need to understand how divorce affects children and to have the necessary skills to assess children of divorce for possible emotional problems. PMID- 6562291 TI - A comfortability level scale for performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - The major purpose of this study was to develop an instrument to appraise the comfortability level of college students toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance. The Purdue CPR Comfortability Scale was designed to measure five major areas of possible discomfort that are experienced while performing CPR on a human victim in an actual emergency situation. A table of specifications was constructed to establish content validity. This table presented the appropriate balance of emphasis on attitudinal topics in accord with the areas to be measured. Three subconcepts were developed for each of the five major areas specified. Therefore, the summated scale included a total of 15 items. A higher score indicated a higher level of comfortability toward CPR performance. An analysis of the mental processes required by the scale items in expressing affective reactions to the selected circumstances, and a comparison of student comfortability levels before and after CPR training indicated construct validity of the instrument. The scale was administered as a pretest to gather data on 317 first aid students at Purdue University. After five weeks of CPR training, the scale was readministered as a posttest. Split-half reliability methods were used to determine the internal consistency of the scale. High internal consistency (.84 Spearman-Brown) and a high level of scale administrability were demonstrated and it was concluded that the Purdue CPR Comfortability Scale is a valid self report instrument for appraising the comfortability level of college students toward CPR performance. PMID- 6562293 TI - Health department services for preschools and day care centers. AB - The DuPage County Health Department developed a program for preschool and day care centers that would assist in the early identification of health problems and provide educational resources and programs for children, parents and staff. The program is based on the premise that the earlier the recognition and treatment of health problems, the greater the child's wellness and ability to learn. The program is carried out by public health nurses who provide services to the preschools and day care centers in accordance with a written agreement. The agreement defines services offered and provisions for delivering them. PMID- 6562292 TI - The long-term effects of human sexuality training programs for public school teachers. AB - The current study evaluated long-term effects of a training model in human sexuality on public school teachers' knowledge and attitudes. The data indicated that, although significant changes were found from the pretest to posttest assessment of knowledge and attitudes on two standardized measures, attitudinal changes for teachers could not be maintained over time. In addition, knowledge decreased with most drastic changes occurring in the educator who, while trained, did not teach the material in a classroom setting. The results of this model staff development program suggest factors that may alter sex education training effects for professionals who work in public school settings. PMID- 6562294 TI - Student knowledge and opinions on key environmental issues. AB - A questionnaire, the Student Environmental Knowledge and Opinion Inventory (SEKO), was administered to 200 randomly selected university and 200 randomly selected high school students. The findings indicate that students are naive and uninformed about numerous key environmental issues. Furthermore, their environmental-political opinions reflect a marked thrust of pessimism and apprehension relative to their ability to shape and control the environmental present and the political-environmental future. PMID- 6562295 TI - Troubled educational enterprise mandates new agenda for school health education. PMID- 6562296 TI - Effect of electro-acupuncture on the changes in the ECG of acute myocardial ischemic injury in rabbits. PMID- 6562297 TI - Preliminary observation of 131Cs distribution in experimental acute myocardial infarction and coronary insufficiency treated with root of salvia miltiorrhiza, flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium and Chrysanthemum indicum. PMID- 6562298 TI - Effect of tea tannin on intestinal movement in vitro. PMID- 6562299 TI - A preliminary report on the treatment of the young adult retinal vein occlusion with Injectio Erigeri. PMID- 6562300 TI - Chinese medicinal therapy for postburn residual ulcer. Clinical observation on 48 healed cases. PMID- 6562301 TI - Combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine in residual extra- and intrahepatic choledocholithiasis. PMID- 6562302 TI - Clinical observation of 174 cases of hyperplastic cystic disease of breast treated with traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 6562303 TI - Studies on the use of warming kidney regime in senile chronic bronchitis. PMID- 6562304 TI - Clinical observation on high altitude polycythemia treated with modified Longdan Xiegan Tang. PMID- 6562305 TI - A study on the tongue coating by electron microscope. I. The thin whitish coating and pinkish tongue tissue proper of healthy subjects. PMID- 6562306 TI - A general survey of studies on tongue examination since the founding of the People's Republic of China. PMID- 6562307 TI - [New roles in primary care in hospital-based ambulatory care centers]. PMID- 6562308 TI - [Role of nursing in outpatient clinics]. PMID- 6562309 TI - [How to collect/record/use the information of patients in outpatient clinics]. PMID- 6562310 TI - [Management of nurses in outpatient clinics]. PMID- 6562311 TI - [Quality nursing system for outpatient care: report according to our experience]. PMID- 6562312 TI - [Fee for nursing in outpatient clinic]. PMID- 6562313 TI - [Report of Thailand-Japan nursing education project]. PMID- 6562314 TI - [Body as the background of thinking]. PMID- 6562315 TI - [Research of the human relations of nurses from the viewpoint of interpersonal conflict. 3. Doctor-nurse conflict]. PMID- 6562316 TI - [A survey of patient transport in emergency: through the study of nurses' traffic patterns]. PMID- 6562317 TI - [Instruction of student nurses' practice in Seirei Junior College. 4]. PMID- 6562318 TI - [Teaching-learning method about 'patient education' in nursing school]. PMID- 6562319 TI - [Blood transfusion (2)]. PMID- 6562320 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with malignant lymphoma. Physiopathology of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6562321 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with malignant lymphoma. Diagnosis and therapy of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6562322 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with malignant lymphoma. Nursing process for patients with malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6562323 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with malignant lymphoma. Nursing of a patient with malignant lymphoma with hospitalization and discharge repeated 7 times]. PMID- 6562324 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with malignant lymphoma. Discussion: reflection on lack of psychological support]. PMID- 6562325 TI - [On individualized nursing: through interactions with a patient with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6562326 TI - [Nursing actions in promoting lactation--a study of a mother with a second child who turned to bottle-feeding within 1 month due to insufficient lactation]. PMID- 6562327 TI - [Attempt at easing anxiety in human interactions in a patient with exaggerated responses to illusionary voices]. PMID- 6562329 TI - [Operational theory called "development of nursing process (problem solving method)"--constraints on its application]. PMID- 6562328 TI - [Observation on clinical training in obstetrical nursing at an outpatient clinic- significance of patients' description of clinical conditions]. PMID- 6562330 TI - [Home nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of stomach cancer following discharge--apprehension of his wife and her support]. PMID- 6562331 TI - [Test yourself: nursing of a patient in the acute stage of cervical cord injury]. PMID- 6562332 TI - [Patients in a critical state (2)--attitude to life of patients with refractory diseases. The meaning of therapy and nursing for patients with refractory diseases]. PMID- 6562333 TI - [Patients in a critical state (2)--attitude to life of patients with refractory diseases. Children with muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6562334 TI - [Patients in a critical state (2)--attitude of life of patients with refractory diseases. Basis of home care of patients with refractory diseases]. PMID- 6562335 TI - [Patients in a critical state (2)--attitude to life of patients with refractory diseases. A report by a patient with muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6562336 TI - [Patients in a critical state (2)--attitude to life of patients with refractory diseases. Reports by parents of children with muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6562337 TI - Medicare. PMID- 6562338 TI - Taxation of lump sum superannuation benefits. PMID- 6562339 TI - Politics, power and health: from Medibank to Medicare. PMID- 6562340 TI - [How the human body protects itself against the influenza virus]. PMID- 6562341 TI - [Emergency prevention of influenza with remantadine]. PMID- 6562342 TI - [Eye diseases in influenza]. PMID- 6562343 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6562344 TI - [Medical gymnastics performed at the polyclinic with women with urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6562345 TI - [Let us strengthen work discipline]. PMID- 6562346 TI - [Preparation of patients for x-ray study of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6562347 TI - [Temperature exacerbation reaction in syphilis patients]. PMID- 6562348 TI - [Work experience with patients in a tuberculosis hospital]. PMID- 6562349 TI - [Use of propolis in treatment]. PMID- 6562351 TI - [Work of a nurses' council]. PMID- 6562350 TI - [Basic principles in organizing propaganda for the blood donor system in the USSR]. PMID- 6562353 TI - [Means of improving the work on professional orientation in medical schools]. PMID- 6562352 TI - [The current system to control influenza]. PMID- 6562354 TI - [Deontology of the therapeutic and protective regimen in a medical institution]. PMID- 6562356 TI - Nurses survive attempt to break up their unit. PMID- 6562355 TI - [General characteristics of the causative agents of influenza and acute viral respiratory infections]. PMID- 6562357 TI - Economic factors impacting on CHN practice: an administrative perspective. PMID- 6562358 TI - Why do nurses strike? PMID- 6562359 TI - The ten commandments of arbitration. PMID- 6562360 TI - New MNA unit settles first contract. PMID- 6562361 TI - Health visitors and dental health awareness. PMID- 6562362 TI - When your patients ask about a "test tube" baby. PMID- 6562363 TI - Social and communication needs of the deaf. PMID- 6562364 TI - Mental health provision for deaf people. PMID- 6562365 TI - When your patients ask about problems with nipples. PMID- 6562366 TI - DIBMIS--Drugs in Breast Milk Information service. PMID- 6562367 TI - Public health nursing in Poland. PMID- 6562368 TI - Chronic respiratory disease in the extreme low birth weight infant. PMID- 6562369 TI - Pre-conceptual care: a course for school girls. PMID- 6562370 TI - When your patients ask: will it be alright? I'm breast feeding. PMID- 6562372 TI - Maternal perceptions of the female breasts. PMID- 6562371 TI - The use of episiotomy in normal delivery. PMID- 6562373 TI - Drugs in breast milk. PMID- 6562374 TI - Don't push breast feeding! PMID- 6562376 TI - Theatre nursing as a profession. PMID- 6562375 TI - From operations to observations and from resections to reports. PMID- 6562378 TI - A gavel falls for nursing: Sermchief v. Gonzales. PMID- 6562377 TI - Specific interaction between the self-splicing RNA of Tetrahymena and its guanosine substrate: implications for biological catalysis by RNA. AB - Splicing of the ribosomal RNA precursor of Tetrahymena has previously been shown to require no protein in vitro; the cleavage-ligation activity is intrinsic to the RNA molecule. Analysis of the reaction kinetics with guanosine, which is a substrate in the reaction, and with several guanosine analogues suggests that guanosine binds to a specific site on the pre-rRNA. It appears that the RNA, like an enzyme, binds its substrate to promote the rate and specificity of a biological reaction. PMID- 6562379 TI - Nursing practice: substitute or complement according to economic theory. PMID- 6562380 TI - Nursing, a new institute for NIH. PMID- 6562381 TI - Perspectives on level of reimbursement for nursing services. PMID- 6562382 TI - Teaching activities and costs in community hospitals. PMID- 6562383 TI - Institutional ethics committees and nursing administration. PMID- 6562384 TI - Managing effective meetings. PMID- 6562385 TI - Tax advantaged investing. PMID- 6562386 TI - The economics of magnetism. PMID- 6562388 TI - Presentation at breastfeeding for legislators. PMID- 6562387 TI - Strategic management in health care. PMID- 6562389 TI - Nursing defined: the concept of nursing diagnosis. PMID- 6562390 TI - Culture and nursing in China. PMID- 6562391 TI - Nursing home ombudsman: a challenge accepted. PMID- 6562393 TI - Faculty release time quarter. PMID- 6562392 TI - A way to provide continuing education. PMID- 6562394 TI - Reality orientation and remotivation in a long-term-care facility. PMID- 6562395 TI - Using Orem's theory: a plan for all seasons. PMID- 6562396 TI - Baby Doe cases raise questions about government role. PMID- 6562397 TI - A way to share clinical placements for students. PMID- 6562398 TI - Health promotion and disease prevention: a data-based approach to curriculum. PMID- 6562399 TI - Commentary on models of basic nursing education. PMID- 6562400 TI - A method for achieving quality assurance in nursing education. PMID- 6562401 TI - Giving procainamide safely. PMID- 6562402 TI - Sharing. A positive difference. PMID- 6562404 TI - Dealing with dying patients. PMID- 6562406 TI - Cholinergics. PMID- 6562405 TI - Assessment under pressure: when your patient says "I can't breathe". PMID- 6562407 TI - Overcoming acute complications in the unconscious patient. Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 6562408 TI - Your detailed guide to drugs for C.H.F. PMID- 6562409 TI - Remember the roommate. PMID- 6562411 TI - Streamlining your suctioning techniques. Part I. Nasotracheal suctioning. PMID- 6562410 TI - Immune response: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6562412 TI - [Teaching tips for T tube care at home]. PMID- 6562413 TI - Caring for a stroke patient like me. PMID- 6562414 TI - Preparing your patient for echocardiography. PMID- 6562415 TI - The two sides of primary nursing. PMID- 6562416 TI - A timesaving flow sheet for life-threatening emergencies. PMID- 6562417 TI - Steering clear of legal hazards. PMID- 6562418 TI - Nursing diagnosis can make a critical difference. PMID- 6562419 TI - 6 myths about malpractice. PMID- 6562420 TI - Facing conflicts. PMID- 6562421 TI - Sally had a drug habit, but I looked the other way. PMID- 6562422 TI - 8 common charting mistakes to avoid. PMID- 6562423 TI - Congestive heart failure. A step-by-step guide to better nursing management (continuing education). PMID- 6562424 TI - Reaching for excellence. A look at what nursing can do. PMID- 6562425 TI - The right to die. Part 3. PMID- 6562426 TI - Getting doctors to listen. PMID- 6562427 TI - A helping hand contracts herpes. Court case. PMID- 6562428 TI - The health care connection: nurse practitioner as broker. PMID- 6562429 TI - Expert witness. PMID- 6562430 TI - Teambuilding: getting it all together. PMID- 6562431 TI - Developing and marketing ambulatory care programs. PMID- 6562432 TI - Professional nursing practice in ambulatory care. PMID- 6562433 TI - OR/ Surgical procedure. Part II. Efficient OR management. PMID- 6562434 TI - A screening tool promotes early discharge planning. PMID- 6562435 TI - A VA outpatient clinic for Canton. PMID- 6562436 TI - Teaching patient groups. PMID- 6562438 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Nursing judgment. PMID- 6562437 TI - Art & science of management. Are you an open book? PMID- 6562439 TI - Practical management course. Module 11: Managing defiance. PMID- 6562440 TI - The Yerkes-Dodson law. PMID- 6562441 TI - [Attitude to mental patients specific for various professions]. PMID- 6562442 TI - [Effects of the new legal adviser regulation and legal service regulation on psychiatric nursing personnel]. PMID- 6562444 TI - A legislative review: treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 6562443 TI - [Spiritual-mental changes in old age]. PMID- 6562445 TI - Adolescent compliance with spinal brace wear. PMID- 6562446 TI - Spinal brace wear: interpreting the statistics. PMID- 6562448 TI - The use of fiberglass as reinforcement with plaster casts. PMID- 6562447 TI - Descriptions of growth disturbances in children with osteomyelitis at different ages. PMID- 6562449 TI - Hemophilic arthropathy: a literature review. PMID- 6562450 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6562451 TI - Development of an orthopaedic elective for undergraduate nursing students. PMID- 6562453 TI - N.A.O.N.: a review of the Division of Education. PMID- 6562452 TI - Orthopaedic workshop: an effective teaching strategy for undergraduate nursing students. PMID- 6562454 TI - Issues in continuing nursing education. PMID- 6562455 TI - Orthopaedic nursing continuing education course. PMID- 6562456 TI - Fears of the R.N.-B.S.N. student. PMID- 6562457 TI - The disintegration of a community mental health outpatient program or, off the back wards into the streets. PMID- 6562458 TI - For the Viet Nam veteran the war goes on. PMID- 6562459 TI - Nursing reality as reflected in nurses' poetry. AB - In this discussion, the author has described a technique used in a pilot study where the research aim was to enhance understanding of nurses and their experiences--an understanding achieved from attention to nurses' expressions in poetry. There is a growing interest in qualitative approaches to the study of nursing phenomena and the development of nursing theory (Simms, 1981; Munhall, 1982; Oiler, 1982; Omery, 1983; Swanson and Chenitz, 1982). In fact, many of the techniques and strategies used by helping professionals to know their clients can be adapted in qualitative research procedures. For persons in the helping professions, a qualitative approach is consistent with the therapeutic process of coming to know a client. Human behavior is understood to be an expression of how individuals interpret their worlds. The task of the qualitative researcher is to capture this very process of interpretation in the subject's words, gestures, expressions, acts, and creations. PMID- 6562460 TI - The suicide watch: a re-examination of maximum observation. PMID- 6562461 TI - Adolescent suicide: a response to developmental crisis. AB - Suicide is an increasing problem among adolescents. Developmental concerns and inability to resolve problems stemming from feelings of alienation are often at the core of an adolescent's suicide attempt. Nurses can be instrumental in primary prevention by educating the public about persons at risk for suicide, in helping parents deal more effectively with children's growth, and by supporting programs in the school system and other agencies that help young people communicate with others and resolve problems before they become crises. The nurse can also play an important role in secondary prevention through participation in or referral to hotline services, through intervention in the emergency service, or in community mental health programs or inpatient treatment programs. The psychiatric nurse specialist, in particular, can play a very significant role in the treatment of the adolescent in a suicidal crisis and also in consultation with other nurses and professionals who may assess suicidal risk in young people in the community. Finally, tertiary prevention may be necessary to help families and friends resolve their grief over the loss if a family member or close friend has succeeded at a suicide attempt. Feelings of guilt, anxiety, anger, and depression are usually present in the surviving family members of a successful suicide. They need to be given the opportunity to talk about the events leading up to the suicide, their feelings about the persons involved, especially the lost person, and to ventilate their anger, guilt, and sadness. The rising rate of suicide or suicide attempts among this country's adolescents--the third cause of death among adolescents--cries out for stronger support systems for our young people.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6562462 TI - NLN nursing data book 1983-84: statistical information on nursing education and newly licensed nurses. PMID- 6562464 TI - The Teaching Nursing Home Program. PMID- 6562463 TI - Interrelations between the maturation of a 100 kDa nucleolar protein and pre rRNA synthesis in CHO cells. AB - The synthesis of preribosomal RNA is inhibited "in vivo" and "in vitro" by the protease inhibitor leupeptin. "In vivo" leupeptin decreases by 74% the incorporation of labeled uridine into 45S pre rRNA while the synthesis of other RNA species is only slightly decreased. "In vitro", the elongation of already initiated pre rRNA chains that is achieved by incubation of isolated nucleoli is blocked by leupeptin. On the other hand, "in vitro" leupeptin has no direct effect on RNA polymerase I, tested in a nonspecific transcriptional system with Calf thymus DNA as template and in run off experiments with a cloned DNA containing the initiation site of the rDNA gene. A 100 kDa nucleolar protein which has been shown to be endoproteolytic cleaved "in vivo" (1) acts as an inhibitor of rDNA transcription in presence of leupeptin but produces little effect on the nonspecific transcription. In absence of the drug, the 100 kDa protein is processed in specific peptides which appeared to be similar to the "in vivo" maturation products. The possible role of the 100 kDa maturation process in the regulation of rDNA transcription is discussed. PMID- 6562465 TI - The problem of professional labeling. PMID- 6562466 TI - Nurse practitioners: a decade of change--Part IV. PMID- 6562467 TI - Power in nursing: a collaborative approach. PMID- 6562468 TI - Definitions of life and death continue to elude us. PMID- 6562470 TI - Overseas charges. The charges that didn't stick. PMID- 6562469 TI - Accidents will happen ... PMID- 6562471 TI - The family planning nurse. One. In the family way. PMID- 6562472 TI - The family planning nurse. Two. The present and future role of the nurse in family planning. PMID- 6562473 TI - The family planning nurse. Three. A centre of excellence. PMID- 6562474 TI - Commons sense. No, minister! PMID- 6562475 TI - Patients with an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy. PMID- 6562476 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. One. Achieving 'human community'. PMID- 6562477 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Three. Caring for the carers. PMID- 6562479 TI - Spotlight on children. PMID- 6562478 TI - RSCN's: where they go and why. Three. Issues and problems. PMID- 6562480 TI - Spotlight on children. Breaking the rules. PMID- 6562481 TI - Spotlight on children. Quality control. PMID- 6562482 TI - Incontinence in the elderly in the community. PMID- 6562484 TI - Re-education of the pelvic floor muscles. PMID- 6562483 TI - Incontinence in the elderly mentally infirm. PMID- 6562485 TI - The promotion of continence. PMID- 6562486 TI - A new kind of caring. PMID- 6562487 TI - Cancer nursing comes of age. PMID- 6562488 TI - Striking back. PMID- 6562489 TI - Aggression management. One. Response and responsibility. PMID- 6562491 TI - Whose responsibility is it, anyway? PMID- 6562490 TI - Aggression management. Violence in accident and emergency departments. PMID- 6562492 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Four. Families in pre-crisis: the concept. PMID- 6562493 TI - Left stapedectomy. PMID- 6562494 TI - RSCNs: where they go and why. Four: conclusions. PMID- 6562495 TI - Problems of the ward manager: an off-duty conflict. PMID- 6562496 TI - Practical and written assessment. Have you done my report please, sister? PMID- 6562497 TI - Practical and written assessment. A staff nurse's view. PMID- 6562499 TI - Jobwatch: the manpower mystery. PMID- 6562498 TI - Practical and written assessment. How can you tell? PMID- 6562500 TI - A shift in policy? PMID- 6562501 TI - Midwifery: claiming our future. PMID- 6562502 TI - Helping relatives cope with cancer. PMID- 6562503 TI - Midwives and breastfeeding. PMID- 6562504 TI - Fetal distress. PMID- 6562505 TI - The community psychiatric nurse in California. PMID- 6562506 TI - Clunk! Click! The law of survival. PMID- 6562507 TI - Aggression management. Two. Who is to blame, anyway? PMID- 6562508 TI - Orthopaedics and the elderly. PMID- 6562509 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Five. Families in pre-crisis: the key people. PMID- 6562510 TI - Systems of life No 112. Setting up the systems - 12. PMID- 6562511 TI - Discrimination: the battle for equality. PMID- 6562513 TI - Psychiatric nursing: a time of crisis. PMID- 6562512 TI - Discrimination: fighting the racist disease. PMID- 6562514 TI - Holistic nursing. PMID- 6562515 TI - Holistic nursing. One. Acupuncture. Interview by Pam Holmes. PMID- 6562516 TI - The nurse's tale: the staff midwife. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6562517 TI - Management: assessing the need for community midwives. PMID- 6562518 TI - Nursing the patient in traction. PMID- 6562519 TI - Aggression management. Three. Assaults on staff in a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 6562520 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Six. Families in pre-crisis: a case study. PMID- 6562521 TI - Glasgow by night: coping with casualty. PMID- 6562522 TI - The islands. Three. The Isle of Man. PMID- 6562523 TI - The personality factor. PMID- 6562524 TI - Health visiting the elderly: nurse managers' views. One. PMID- 6562525 TI - 2001: a nursing odyssey. Better informed, but non the wiser? PMID- 6562526 TI - 2001: a nursing odyssey? PMID- 6562527 TI - 2001: a nursing odyssey. Health for WHO? PMID- 6562528 TI - 2001: a nursing odyssey. Renaissance in the regions. PMID- 6562529 TI - Open University: opening out the process. PMID- 6562531 TI - Carcinoma of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6562530 TI - RRB review: Harrogate, here we come! PMID- 6562532 TI - Commons sense: crunch for Kenneth. PMID- 6562533 TI - Living an ordinary life. PMID- 6562534 TI - Violence against women. PMID- 6562535 TI - Holistic health. Two. The power of the will. PMID- 6562536 TI - Holistic health. Three. Made in Japan. PMID- 6562537 TI - Aggression management. Four. Views from America. PMID- 6562538 TI - The youth training scheme in a psychiatric hospital. PMID- 6562540 TI - City life. Two. Planning for a healthier community. PMID- 6562539 TI - City life. One. Black revisited. PMID- 6562541 TI - Education: Healthy and wise. PMID- 6562542 TI - An extra hot water bottle? PMID- 6562543 TI - Stop thieves in the wards. PMID- 6562544 TI - Health visiting the elderly: nurse managers' views. Two. PMID- 6562545 TI - A label that could save lives. PMID- 6562546 TI - A voice for Welsh midwifery. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6562548 TI - Research findings. PMID- 6562547 TI - EEC: making the European connection. PMID- 6562549 TI - A little lower than the angels. PMID- 6562550 TI - Leading the way. PMID- 6562551 TI - Multiple injuries in A&E. PMID- 6562552 TI - Problems of the ward manager: a question of reprimand. PMID- 6562554 TI - Holistic health. Four The laying on of hands. PMID- 6562553 TI - Assessing mentally disordered offenders. PMID- 6562555 TI - Holistic health. Five. The sweet smell of success? PMID- 6562556 TI - Shifting the system. PMID- 6562557 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Eight. Family health nursing. PMID- 6562558 TI - Health and housing. PMID- 6562560 TI - A painful experience. PMID- 6562559 TI - Understanding nursing research. PMID- 6562561 TI - [Assisting factors in the training of registered nurses]. PMID- 6562562 TI - [Guidance of new mothers in the maternity department]. PMID- 6562563 TI - [Training of nurses in public health community nursing]. PMID- 6562564 TI - [Infections of the urinary tract in the presence of a catheter]. PMID- 6562565 TI - [Psychosocial adjustment of patients and their spouses to home dialysis]. PMID- 6562566 TI - [Burn accidents in children in Jerusalem]. PMID- 6562567 TI - Developing the professional nursing relationship. AB - Nursing is a human profession. As such, the nurse must have a high degree of self awareness as well as technical knowledge. The professional nursing relationship requires thought, self-analysis, and planning. It is a total relationship, the presentation and process of which must be guided by the professional. When this is done, nursing becomes growth promoting for both patient and nurse. PMID- 6562568 TI - Evaluation by objectives: teaching students to evaluate faculty. PMID- 6562569 TI - Consider the patient part of a family. PMID- 6562571 TI - Renewal: a prescription for coping failure. PMID- 6562570 TI - Caution: hospitalization without nursing care planning may be hazardous to your health! PMID- 6562572 TI - Communication: a supportive bridge between cancer patient, family, and health care staff. PMID- 6562573 TI - Anxiety as a human emotion: some basic conceptual models. PMID- 6562574 TI - Dealing with the nurse's grief. PMID- 6562575 TI - The effect of new federalism on nursing. PMID- 6562576 TI - Achievements and future goals in nursing. PMID- 6562577 TI - Nursing care: vital for the nation's health. PMID- 6562578 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. New ideas for mothers and midwives. PMID- 6562580 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Not equipped for quads. PMID- 6562579 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. A computer fit for King's. PMID- 6562581 TI - Nursing Mirror Nursing Intensive Care Group Journal. Coping with stress. PMID- 6562582 TI - Nursing Mirror Nursing Intensive Care Group Journal. The management of severe burns. PMID- 6562583 TI - Nursing Mirror Nursing Intensive Care Group Journal. Severe head injury. PMID- 6562584 TI - Don't keep ENs in suspense. PMID- 6562585 TI - A confused nurse's guide to the Mental Health Act. PMID- 6562587 TI - Cells under the microscopy. PMID- 6562586 TI - Are part-timers mistreated? PMID- 6562588 TI - Tonsils - in or out? PMID- 6562589 TI - Agencies: are they props or parasites? PMID- 6562590 TI - Out of work--out of health. PMID- 6562592 TI - Dimensions of authority. PMID- 6562591 TI - Nurses in society. Bedpan, please, Your Worship. PMID- 6562593 TI - The digestive system. PMID- 6562594 TI - Community: the teaching process. PMID- 6562595 TI - Iveson's opinion: the exotic versus the mundane. PMID- 6562596 TI - Immediate care. PMID- 6562597 TI - Management: scaling the heights. PMID- 6562598 TI - Just a gap? PMID- 6562599 TI - Nursing care study: anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6562600 TI - Nursing Mirror Community forum. Dutch treat. PMID- 6562601 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. Better prospects. PMID- 6562602 TI - Whose trolley is it, anyway? PMID- 6562603 TI - Nights in a vicious circle. PMID- 6562604 TI - Hospital report: freedom of choice. PMID- 6562605 TI - Learning to live with paralysis. PMID- 6562606 TI - Repair of a comminuted fracture. PMID- 6562607 TI - Nursing tetraplegic patients. PMID- 6562608 TI - Research. Challenging stereotypes. PMID- 6562609 TI - Rcn special supplement. PMID- 6562611 TI - A trial of faith. PMID- 6562610 TI - Working the system. PMID- 6562612 TI - When life moves on. PMID- 6562613 TI - Adult education in India. PMID- 6562614 TI - Power brings out the worst in women. PMID- 6562615 TI - Iveson's opinion: to do, or not to do. PMID- 6562616 TI - Management: showing the colours. PMID- 6562618 TI - Cerebral tumours. PMID- 6562617 TI - Attitudes to abortion. PMID- 6562619 TI - Nursing care study: mentally not physically ill. PMID- 6562620 TI - Start spring cleaning for next year. PMID- 6562621 TI - Abortion counselling. PMID- 6562622 TI - Matters of conscience: the other side of the question. PMID- 6562623 TI - Matters of conscience: all in the line of duty? PMID- 6562624 TI - Law: the fallacy of time limits. PMID- 6562625 TI - Psychiatric nursing in the USA. PMID- 6562626 TI - Management: safety first. PMID- 6562627 TI - Raw, but idealistic. PMID- 6562628 TI - Examining care studies. PMID- 6562629 TI - Getting the right prescription. PMID- 6562630 TI - Management: dragons eat heroes don't they? PMID- 6562631 TI - Nursing care study: the fashioning of an ileal conduit. PMID- 6562632 TI - The feelings of patients. Looking at life. PMID- 6562634 TI - Patterns of self care in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. PMID- 6562636 TI - Nursing management of the patient receiving local or regional hyperthermia. PMID- 6562635 TI - Why bother with stop-smoking education for lung cancer patients? PMID- 6562633 TI - Psychological impact of the "cancer" diagnosis. PMID- 6562637 TI - Resource utilization in an outpatient setting. PMID- 6562639 TI - Documenting the activities of the oncology clinical nurse specialist. PMID- 6562638 TI - The macrobiotic diet: a question of nutrition. PMID- 6562640 TI - Caring for acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients. PMID- 6562641 TI - Longitudinal evaluation of a model post-master's program in oncology nursing education. PMID- 6562642 TI - Understanding taste changes. PMID- 6562643 TI - Therapeutic value of a phone call. PMID- 6562644 TI - Hickman catheter displacement into soft tissue. PMID- 6562645 TI - Cryptosporidiosis and AIDS. PMID- 6562646 TI - So you're thinking of running for office. PMID- 6562647 TI - Measuring nausea and vomiting in clinical nursing research. PMID- 6562649 TI - [Specialization in psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 6562648 TI - [Anesthesiology specialization]. PMID- 6562650 TI - [The parturient woman]. PMID- 6562651 TI - [Interpersonal relations in the health service (ars profesionalis)]. PMID- 6562652 TI - [Ethics and deontology in the nursing profession]. PMID- 6562654 TI - [What we are doing for health]. PMID- 6562653 TI - [This permanent post was needed... Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6562655 TI - [Glaucoma]. PMID- 6562656 TI - [What of the standing of the profession?]. PMID- 6562657 TI - [Perinatal anesthesia]. PMID- 6562658 TI - Vitamins and wound healing. PMID- 6562660 TI - Trouble-shooting the problem wound. PMID- 6562659 TI - The cellular appearance of normal wound healing. PMID- 6562661 TI - New developments in wound management. PMID- 6562662 TI - Future trends in wound healing research. PMID- 6562663 TI - Symposium on diabetes mellitus in children. PMID- 6562664 TI - Etiology and classification of diabetes in children. Practical genetics and prognosis counseling. AB - The genetic, viral, and autoimmune factors that may play a role in causing insulin-dependent diabetes are explored. The author presents guidelines for genetic counseling of families with diabetic children. Case histories illustrate various atypical presentations of diabetes in children, and help the clinician in diagnosing and managing the borderline diabetic. PMID- 6562665 TI - Personal blood glucose testing in children. AB - The value of blood glucose testing over urine sugar testing is emphasized, and techniques of self-monitoring of blood glucose in children are presented. Test strips and reflectance meters currently on the market are described and evaluated. Useful suggestions are made for introducing blood glucose testing to children, stressing flexibility in the frequency of testing, at least initially, and proper education in the interpretation of testing results. PMID- 6562666 TI - Management of eye disease in the insulin-dependent diabetic patient. AB - Causes of visual loss, indications for ophthalmologic consultation, and current medical and surgical management of eye disease in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes are highlighted. Regular eye examinations are a must for diabetic patients, as threats to visual loss may go unnoticed until serious hemorrhage into the vitreous occurs. PMID- 6562667 TI - Failure to provide emergency treatment: liability. PMID- 6562668 TI - Nurse injured: alleges M.D. and Pt. intoxicated. Case in point: Bosch v. Perry (311 S.E. 2d 481-GA). PMID- 6562669 TI - Midwifery: state enjoins practice. Case in point: Smith v. State Ex. Rel. Medical Lic. Bd. (459 N.E. 2d 401-IN). PMID- 6562671 TI - Distance learning scheme to start. PMID- 6562670 TI - ANE group presents new commission with first report. Education crisis--battle must be won. PMID- 6562672 TI - Report from cancer nursing conference in Australia. Wealthy nations must share their skills. PMID- 6562673 TI - ANE asks RRB to debate education cuts. Fight for funds. PMID- 6562674 TI - Geriatric nursing conference looks at how to give better care. PMID- 6562675 TI - Insight into the public image of nursing. PMID- 6562676 TI - Twenty five per cent reduction in courses hits hard. Nurse teaching cuts take toll. PMID- 6562677 TI - Integration of community child health services. PMID- 6562678 TI - Involve patients more in their own care. PMID- 6562679 TI - Minister insists 'there's no problem'. More denials of unemployment. PMID- 6562680 TI - Rcn solicitor on nurses' injuries: career health warning. PMID- 6562681 TI - Torture in geriatric wards. PMID- 6562682 TI - Nursing research--does it make a difference? Report of a joint conference by the Workgroup od European Nurse researchers and the Rcn Research Society in London. PMID- 6562683 TI - Lipid peroxidation and lysosomal enzyme release induced by vanadate in vitro. AB - Incubation of premitochondrial liver homogenate supernatants of phenobarbital induced rats with sodium vanadate led to a time- and concentration-dependent formation of malondialdehyde and a parallel release of beta-glucuronidase from lysosomes. Both were inhibited in the presence of glutathione, (+)-catechin or dithiocarb, and took place after a lag phase of 30 min. In contrast, the glutathione content dropped immediately after addition of vanadate. Scavengers of reactive oxygen species had no effect on vanadate-induced lipid peroxidation. In liver homogenates of non-induced rats vanadate-promoted lipid peroxidation was 7.3 times lower than in those of phenobarbital-induced animals, suggesting the involvement of the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system. Thus, vanadate seems to act as a pro-oxidant of the enzymatically-promoted lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6562684 TI - [Digestive system. Stomach (3) and duodenum: elements in gastrectomy. Elements in vagotomy]. PMID- 6562685 TI - [Surgical technics relating to the pancreas]. PMID- 6562686 TI - [Role of the circulating nurse in cephalic duodenopancreatectomy]. PMID- 6562687 TI - [Anesthesia and recovery in pancreatic surgery]. PMID- 6562688 TI - [Diet in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6562689 TI - [A case report: pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6562690 TI - [Exploration of the pancreas]. PMID- 6562691 TI - [Urinary stomas]. PMID- 6562693 TI - [Observations of a student]. PMID- 6562692 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic indications in pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6562694 TI - [Marginal adolescents or adolescents in trouble?]. PMID- 6562695 TI - [Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 6562696 TI - [Isotopes in cardiology]. PMID- 6562697 TI - [Does allergy to anesthetic agents exist?]. PMID- 6562698 TI - [A thermometer of the future]. PMID- 6562700 TI - [Blindness, a social disease]. PMID- 6562699 TI - [Living on one's feet]. PMID- 6562701 TI - [Obesity]. PMID- 6562702 TI - [Acute myocardial infarct. Etiopathogenic factors in 123 cases]. PMID- 6562703 TI - [A follow-up center for victims of infarction]. PMID- 6562704 TI - [Water, a health-sanitation study]. PMID- 6562705 TI - [Stress test in cardiology]. PMID- 6562706 TI - [Public health in Penaranda de Bracamonte: a survey]. PMID- 6562707 TI - [Insects and rodents in the hospital]. PMID- 6562708 TI - [Central venous pressure]. PMID- 6562709 TI - [Research and nursing]. PMID- 6562710 TI - Rx for better practice: nursing care plans. PMID- 6562711 TI - Cardiac diagnostic studies: nuclear scanning and cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6562712 TI - Legally speaking. When doctor's orders aren't the best medicine. PMID- 6562713 TI - Patient's advocate. My fight against child abuse. PMID- 6562714 TI - How to handle troublesome employees. PMID- 6562715 TI - A step-by-step guide to trouble-free transfusions. PMID- 6562716 TI - COPD: a special postop challenge. PMID- 6562717 TI - An illustrated guide to trach care. PMID- 6562718 TI - Emergency! Dealing with insect bites. PMID- 6562719 TI - RN master care plan. When your ICU patient needs surgery. PMID- 6562720 TI - An update on the new drugs you're dispensing now. PMID- 6562721 TI - A high-flying career for footloose nurses. PMID- 6562722 TI - Cancer nursing: a caring commitment to the future. PMID- 6562724 TI - What nurses should know about the B.C. ambulance service. PMID- 6562723 TI - Nurse licensure gains importance. PMID- 6562725 TI - Nurses gain new image as non-smokers. How to quit for the one-in-four still smoking. PMID- 6562726 TI - [Family and mental disorders in the aged. Planned perspective at admission]. PMID- 6562727 TI - [The first stumbling blocks in communication with families in psychotic transactions]. PMID- 6562728 TI - [The immigrant Hindu family: a suspended family]. PMID- 6562729 TI - [Family interventions in psychiatry. Family therapy or planned group conferences]. PMID- 6562730 TI - [Family group interviews: an experience at the psychiatric hospital of Villejuif. An interview with Madame Bocahut, Head Supervisor of department XII]. PMID- 6562731 TI - [Team work (apropos of an actual experience)]. PMID- 6562732 TI - [A valuable experience in continued education. From operation of "control groups" to the realization of care objectives]. PMID- 6562733 TI - [The planned approach to symptoms in child psychiatry]. PMID- 6562734 TI - [Importance and risks of drugs in the treatment of arrhythmias due to infarction]. PMID- 6562735 TI - [Physiopathological basis and unstable rhythm in the coronary patient]. PMID- 6562736 TI - [Importance of stimulation in the chronic phase of infarction]. PMID- 6562737 TI - [Recurrent ventricular tachycardia of Mister D ...]. PMID- 6562738 TI - [The risk of sudden death in the coronary patient]. PMID- 6562739 TI - [Superior mesenteric vascular insufficiency]. PMID- 6562740 TI - [Health and nutrition. Poor countries, rich countries: hope or illusion?]. PMID- 6562741 TI - [Technical instruction on measles vaccination]. PMID- 6562743 TI - [Intestinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 6562742 TI - [Intestinal malabsorption syndrome and digestive system parasitoses]. PMID- 6562745 TI - [Screening for cancer of the cervix]. PMID- 6562744 TI - [Stediril]. PMID- 6562746 TI - [Treatment of cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 6562748 TI - [Monitoring cancer of the cervix following treatment]. PMID- 6562747 TI - [Role of the nurse with patients followed up in radiotherapy and psychological preparation before and during treatment]. PMID- 6562749 TI - [Natural history of cancer of the cervix]. PMID- 6562750 TI - [Nursing care in gynecological curietherapy]. PMID- 6562752 TI - [Mother-infant interactions]. PMID- 6562751 TI - [Psychologists in day nurseries. An experience for the improvement of parent nursery relations]. PMID- 6562753 TI - [Cooperative decision making - a new dinner rhetoric?]. PMID- 6562754 TI - [Hospital's contribution to dying patients]. PMID- 6562755 TI - [Ethics of the health system]. PMID- 6562756 TI - [Primary nursing care in anesthesia and intensive care nursing]. PMID- 6562758 TI - [Nursing instructors and competency requirements]. PMID- 6562757 TI - [International perspective on primary health care]. PMID- 6562760 TI - [Tax orientation. New deduction for anticipated working time for municipal employees]. PMID- 6562759 TI - [Corridor patients in Oslo: the crisis becomes chronic]. PMID- 6562761 TI - [We feel that authors' rights have been violated]. PMID- 6562762 TI - [Community with only 6000 residents now gets 24-hour nursing care]. PMID- 6562763 TI - [General meeting. Assurance both for continuity and innovation]. PMID- 6562764 TI - [Future role of health and nursing care in the health system. Goals for and means toward a more central role of health and nursing care in society]. PMID- 6562765 TI - [The people desire increased health care]. PMID- 6562766 TI - [Health policy. Wide framework for what they can do]. PMID- 6562767 TI - [Policies agreed upon by County Boards' general meeting]. PMID- 6562768 TI - [Travel letter. Chinese hospitals concentrate on problems in requirements for living]. PMID- 6562769 TI - [Nursing should not go under in roentgen technology]. PMID- 6562770 TI - [Nursing under discussion. Heroism - is that a nursing value?]. PMID- 6562771 TI - [Organizations want a constructive dialogue]. PMID- 6562772 TI - [Education. Reasonable placement of health education in relation to others]. PMID- 6562773 TI - [Preventive infant care in Denmark. l4. Future trends in preventive infant care]. PMID- 6562774 TI - [Mastectomized women. Patients with a breast removed have a great need to work through the diagnosis]. PMID- 6562776 TI - [WHO. 3. WHO's activities for a health strategy in the European countries]. PMID- 6562775 TI - [Pregnancy leave. Changed laws on pregnancy leave and daily allowance]. PMID- 6562777 TI - [40 nurses reported for abuse every year]. PMID- 6562778 TI - [Nurses' drug abuse is first and foremost a nursing profession problem]. PMID- 6562779 TI - [Integrated approach. Decubitus]. PMID- 6562780 TI - [Prevention of decubitus: a matter for all of us]. PMID- 6562781 TI - [Nursing aspects in the prevention and treatment of decubitus]. PMID- 6562782 TI - [Aids in the prevention of decubitus]. PMID- 6562783 TI - [Integrated approach: patients with decubitus. Norton score and Lowthian score]. PMID- 6562784 TI - [Decubitus approached from the viewpoint of anthroposophical nursing care]. PMID- 6562785 TI - [Relatively few cases of decubitus in home nursing in Zaanstad]. PMID- 6562786 TI - [Professional practice and professional preparation of nurses]. PMID- 6562787 TI - [A.D.L. training for nurses]. PMID- 6562788 TI - [The mentally retarded the nurse. Life of the profoundly retarded person and the professional content of nursing care, within their reluctant relationship]. PMID- 6562789 TI - [Rules and regulations within the therapeutic environment. I]. PMID- 6562790 TI - OR teamwork solves problems. PMID- 6562791 TI - The hospital with a heart. PMID- 6562793 TI - Patchwork reflections from a nursing instructor. PMID- 6562792 TI - Putting the OR back in nursing education. PMID- 6562794 TI - Harnessing light for lasers. PMID- 6562795 TI - [Nursing care needs of the elderly in nursing homes]. PMID- 6562796 TI - [What should be the nurses' role in "Health for all by the year 2000"?]. PMID- 6562797 TI - [Nursing care need of 0-6-year-old children in the hospital]. PMID- 6562798 TI - [Families' problems over their hospitalized relatives in Golbasi Mental Hospital]. PMID- 6562799 TI - [Nursing care in meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6562800 TI - [Patients' behavior which nurses consider as a problem, and problem-solving approach in nursing]. PMID- 6562801 TI - [Psychiatric nursing and behavior therapy. II]. PMID- 6562802 TI - [Cotton clothes used in the hospital]. PMID- 6562803 TI - [Counseling in cancer patients]. PMID- 6562804 TI - [Current policies in health education]. PMID- 6562805 TI - [Meetings of the patients' task orientation]. PMID- 6562806 TI - [Nursing in Islam medicine]. PMID- 6562807 TI - [Knowledge, attitude and practice concerning family planning in pregnant women and women in the early postpartum period]. PMID- 6562808 TI - [Methods in community-based research]. PMID- 6562809 TI - [Bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6562811 TI - [Acute glomerulonephritis in a pediatric unit]. PMID- 6562810 TI - [Play in the life of a child]. PMID- 6562812 TI - [Modular instruction]. PMID- 6562814 TI - Phenomenological research. PMID- 6562813 TI - [Rules used in home nursing of burns]. PMID- 6562815 TI - Professional commitment of women in nursing. PMID- 6562816 TI - Ethical issues in nursing research. PMID- 6562817 TI - Problems in doing nursing research: how to recognize garbage when you see it! PMID- 6562818 TI - Research in cultural diversity. PMID- 6562819 TI - Researchmanship: computer costs for research grant planning. PMID- 6562821 TI - Technical notes: reliability and validity of the independent variable. PMID- 6562820 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research: poster sessions for undergraduate students: a useful tool for learning and communicating nursing research. PMID- 6562822 TI - Using research in practice: factors associated with the adoption of a nursing innovation. PMID- 6562823 TI - Residual analysis for statistical assumptions of regression equations. PMID- 6562825 TI - Theoretical model testing: full utilization of data. PMID- 6562824 TI - Residual analysis for causal model assumptions. PMID- 6562826 TI - Predicting success in nursing: from prototype to pragmatics. PMID- 6562827 TI - Path analysis: a method for theory testing. PMID- 6562828 TI - Market forces associated with continuing education in West Virginia. PMID- 6562830 TI - Nurse power: strategies for change. PMID- 6562829 TI - The resume--job hunting tool. PMID- 6562831 TI - Nurse practitioners: a revised forecast. PMID- 6562832 TI - Nursing issues and answers. PMID- 6562833 TI - Caring: its importance and recognition. PMID- 6562834 TI - Nursing problems: an analysis of a Greek hospital. PMID- 6562835 TI - The Virginia Spinal Cord Injury System. Virginia Spinal Cord Injury Project. PMID- 6562836 TI - Rehabilitation: a view from the general nursing practitioner. PMID- 6562837 TI - A head-injured teen goes home: a parent's perspective. PMID- 6562838 TI - Spotlight on Virginia's rehabilitation nurses. PMID- 6562839 TI - Cosmetic surgery: the Kingsway surgical suite. PMID- 6562840 TI - What is nursing research study? PMID- 6562841 TI - Cardiac Institute as a career. PMID- 6562842 TI - Women and financial management. PMID- 6562844 TI - The history of baccalaureate preparation. PMID- 6562843 TI - Men who batter wives: a unique program. PMID- 6562845 TI - Are you fed up to here - and beyond? PMID- 6562846 TI - Assessment of learning needs and interest in distance education technology of southern rural Alberta non-degreed registered nurses. PMID- 6562847 TI - Suicide: two views. A chilling encounter. PMID- 6562848 TI - Suicide: two views.'A compassionate solution.'. PMID- 6562849 TI - Should children participate in burn care? PMID- 6562850 TI - Admitting an intoxicated patient. PMID- 6562851 TI - When a snake bites. PMID- 6562852 TI - Using the ECG to detect MI. PMID- 6562853 TI - Clinical nurse specialist--alive and well? PMID- 6562854 TI - 'No effort is too small . . .'. PMID- 6562855 TI - Susceptibility profiles of potential aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from hysterectomy patients. AB - A total of 1140 aerobic and anaerobic isolates were recovered from cultures of specimens from the reproductive tracts of 435 uninfected patients who underwent elective hysterectomy. Standard minimum inhibitory concentration susceptibility studies were performed on these isolates to 13 newer penicillins, cephalosporins, and some traditional antimicrobial agents. These data were generated to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of these antibiotics for potential use in prophylaxis or as a single agent for treatment of polymicrobial infections of the female pelvis. The minimum inhibitory concentration data for each antibiotic against 16 genera of aerobic and nine genera of anaerobic bacteria were determined and were used to compare the in vitro antimicrobial activity of newer antibiotics to that of the more traditional antibiotics. Of the antimicrobial agents tested, piperacillin had the highest in vitro activity against these isolates of any antibiotic tested. PMID- 6562856 TI - How to increase the motility of spermatozoa from the epididymis of bulls and alloplastic spermatoceles in minipigs. AB - The motility of spermatozoa from the head and tail of the epididymis in bulls was studied. Qualitatively and quantitatively, the motility of spermatozoa from the cauda was distinctly better than that from the caput. It was possible to achieve a highly significant increase in the motility of epididymal spermatozoa from the caput as well as the cauda area using caffeine or a caffeine-kallikrein mixture. Above all, motility stimulants improved the local motility of the epididymal spermatozoa as compared to twitching and progressive motility. The motility of caudal spermatozoa was increased by 100%, corresponding to local movement of 59% of the total number of sperm cells. It was possible to demonstrate an increase in the almost totally absent motility of the caput spermatozoa to 27% local motility. Application of kallikrein without addition of kininogens led to no significant change in spermatozoa motility. By the addition of caffeine, it was possible to increase the motility of minipig epididymal spermatozoa taken by puncture from alloplastic spermatoceles significantly. In 23 aspirates, a prompt increase in the percentage of locally motile "spermatocele spermatozoa" from 12% to 23.5% was observed. PMID- 6562857 TI - Nurse-managed centers show their potential. PMID- 6562858 TI - House will address variety of issues. PMID- 6562859 TI - Nurse practitioners develop strategies at council workshop. PMID- 6562860 TI - Nursing groups testify on education, research. PMID- 6562861 TI - Let's reform health care system, says AARP leader. PMID- 6562862 TI - Whistle blowers take risks to halt wrongdoing. PMID- 6562863 TI - Hospital work may be hazard to health, says researcher. PMID- 6562864 TI - RN helps unemployed find health services that are affordable. Interview by Terry L. Selby. PMID- 6562865 TI - Truth is essential for trust between nurse, patient. PMID- 6562866 TI - Nurses will consider important issues at convention. PMID- 6562867 TI - As I see it: minority members want to share in decision making. PMID- 6562868 TI - Credentialing serves public, profession, says keynoter. PMID- 6562869 TI - Hereditary emphysema in the tight-skin mouse. Evaluation of pathogenesis. AB - The tight-skin (Tsk/+) mouse is a genetically determined model characterized by alveolar enlargement and physiologic evidence of emphysema. Morphologic evaluation of the lungs of these animals demonstrated increased numbers of potential protease-secreting cells (alveolar macrophages and neutrophils) in the lower respiratory tract prior to development of the emphysematous lesions. Quantitation of the neutrophils in the lungs of these animals was carried out by bronchoalveolar lavage. In the Tsk/+ mice, neutrophils constituted 3.5 +/- 2% of all inflammatory and immune effector cells present compared with 0.4 +/- 0.1% in control (+/+) mice (p less than 0.01). The Tsk/+ animals had no evidence of infection to explain the presence of the neutrophils and had normal proportions of lung T- and B-lymphocytes, suggesting that their lungs were immunologically normal. There was no evidence that the Tsk/+ mice have an antiprotease deficit; the capacity of serum of Tsk/+ mice to inhibit neutrophil elastase was no different from that of control +/+ animals. However, the fact that these animals have a persistent low level macrophage-neutrophil alveolitis prior to the development of the emphysematous lesion implies that the lung destruction may be associated, in part, with a chronic protease-antiprotease imbalance, similar to that hypothesized for human emphysema. PMID- 6562870 TI - Hypercholesterolemia persisting after distal ileal bypass: response to mevinolin. PMID- 6562871 TI - Managing upward: understanding your boss. PMID- 6562872 TI - Block scheduling contributes to ambulatory surgery center success. PMID- 6562873 TI - We are the image of nursing. PMID- 6562874 TI - Recommended practices: Sponge, sharp, and instrument counts. PMID- 6562875 TI - Recommended practices: OR attire. PMID- 6562877 TI - AzNA priority 1: legislation. PMID- 6562876 TI - Update on A.I.D.S. PMID- 6562878 TI - Pet facilitated therapy. PMID- 6562879 TI - [Prostaglandins and the kallikrein-kinin systems in the normal pregnancy puerperium cycle and in hypertensive disease proper to pregnancy]. PMID- 6562880 TI - The plight of a nurse come patient. PMID- 6562881 TI - Char Fassion Orphanage--where no two days are alike. PMID- 6562882 TI - Drug dosage forms: Part two. PMID- 6562883 TI - Near drowning: a successful treatment. PMID- 6562884 TI - The role of the clinical supervisor in college programs. PMID- 6562885 TI - Evaluating patient care: the questionnaire. PMID- 6562886 TI - The pastoral care experience in acute situations. PMID- 6562887 TI - Rape: some facts, myths and responses. PMID- 6562888 TI - Kinetics of the inhibition of human leucocyte elastase by eglin from the leech Hirudo medicinalis. AB - The rate constants for the inhibition of human leucocyte elastase by eglin from the leech Hirudo medicinalis were determined by using a pre-steady-state kinetic approach. kon and koff for complex-formation and dissociation were 1 X 10(6)M-1 X S-1 and 8 X 10(-4)S-1 respectively. Ki was calculated as the ratio koff/kon = 8 X 10(-10)M, the binding of eglin to elastase was reversible and the inhibition mechanism was of the fully competitive type. The mechanistic properties of the system and the biological significance of the rate constants are discussed. PMID- 6562889 TI - Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis reduces low-density-lipoprotein apoprotein B production without decreasing very-low-density-lipoprotein apoprotein B synthesis in rabbits. AB - The kinetics of the apoprotein B (apo B) of very-low-density (VLDL; d less than 1.006) and low-density (LDL; d 1.019-1.063) lipoproteins were studied in six rabbits by using radioiodinated homologous lipoproteins, before and during oral administration of mevinolin (5 mg/kg per day), a competitive inhibitor of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (EC 1.1.1.34), to explore the mechanism by which the drug reduces LDL synthesis. Before treatment LDL-apo B production greatly exceeded VLDL-apo B production in all animals, indicating that a large proportion of plasma LDL was derived from a VLDL-independent pathway. Five animals responded to mevinolin with a fall in plasma cholesterol (mean change - 53%; P less than 0.01). This was associated with a 66% decrease in LDL apo B synthesis (P less than 0.05). In contrast, VLDL-apo B synthesis was unaffected by mevinolin. Furthermore, in all but one animal the decrement in LDL apo B synthesis was greater than the rate of VLDL-apo B synthesis before treatment, demonstrating that mevinolin had reduced the VLDL-independent production of LDL. PMID- 6562890 TI - Tertiary structure of tRNAPhe. A possible correlation between the structural functional unit of this tRNA and its exonic sequence. AB - It has been shown recently [Go (1981) Nature (London) 291, 90-92; Blake (1983) Trends Biochem Sci. 8, 11-13] that the exonic regions of the genes of proteins haemoglobin, lysozyme and immunoglobin correspond closely to the compactly folded structural units. Despite the absence of classical domain structures in tRNA compared with those found in several proteins, close inspection of certain features in the distance maps obtained for yeast tRNAPhe using the conformationally equivalent heminucleotide scheme reveals that a similar situation might also be present in ribonucleic acids such as tRNA species and the exonic sequences of their genes. Also it seems possible that certain segments of yeast tRNAPhe may be characterized as possessing a domain-like character, and this seems to provide stereochemical support for possible conservation of L-shape structure for tRNA species lacking the entire dihydrouridine arm such as those found in mitochondria. PMID- 6562891 TI - Childbirth education programs: the relationship between confidence and knowledge. PMID- 6562892 TI - Quantity, quality, and money: more on veteran childbirth educators. Veteran childbirth educators: are they providing quality services? PMID- 6562893 TI - Activism: a necessary role of childbirth educators. PMID- 6562894 TI - The unintrusive telephone. PMID- 6562895 TI - Allegiance, profit and parent power: issues for childbirth educators in the 1980s. PMID- 6562896 TI - The problem of childbirth educators' personal opinion. PMID- 6562897 TI - Evaluation is needed to determine quality of childbirth education. PMID- 6562899 TI - Does the duration and frequency of early breastfeeding affect nipple pain? PMID- 6562898 TI - The quality of perinatal studies: a disturbing episode. PMID- 6562900 TI - Unanticipated cesarean birth from the father's perspective. PMID- 6562901 TI - Influence of maternal weight, smoking, and socioeconomic status on infant triceps skinfold thickness and growth during the first year. PMID- 6562902 TI - Cutaneous and pulmonary reactivity in cholinergic urticaria. AB - Cutaneous and pulmonary reactions to mediators of inflammation were studied in twenty-one patients with cholinergic urticaria, in twenty patients with other types of urticaria, and in seventeen healthy controls. Compared with controls and patients with moderate disease, patients severely affected by cholinergic urticaria or other types of urticaria developed larger weals at sites of injection with histamine (9 X 10(-7) M), but not with compound 48/80 (0.1%), acetylcholine (7 X 10(-5) M), kallikrein (4 X 10(-10) M). On bronchial challenge with acetylcholine (7 X 10(-5) M), pulmonary resistance increased markedly only in severely affected cholinergic urticaria patients. There was no correlation between cutaneous and pulmonary reactivity in individual subjects. Patients with cholinergic urticaria therefore demonstrate features of heightened skin reactivity (shared by patients with other urticarias) and an increased bronchial reactivity (as found in latent asthmatics). PMID- 6562903 TI - A mortality study of cement workers. AB - Occupational exposure to dust has been linked with excess mortality from stomach cancer. To examine this hypothesis in respect of cement workers the mortality of a group of men, identified as cement workers in 1939, was followed up from 1948 to 1981. An excess of mortality from stomach cancer was found which is not thought to be explained by the social class distribution of the study population. Mortality from respiratory disease was not increased. PMID- 6562904 TI - Suicide inactivation of chymotrypsin by benzoxazinones. AB - The benzoxazinones 2-ethoxy-4H-3,1- benzoxazin -4-one (1a) and 2 (trifluoromethyl)-4H-3,1- benzoxazin -4-one (1d) inactivate chymotrypsin. The inactivation is stoichiometric and proceeds with rate constants of 7 X 10(5) M-1 min-1 and greater than 4 X 10(6) M-1 min-1, respectively. The inactivated enzyme recovers catalytic activity slowly, k = 2.3 X 10(-3) min-1 and 3.7 X 10(-2) min-1 (pH 7.1). When the enzyme regains catalytic activity, 2-[N (ethoxycarbonyl)amino]benzoic acid is released from enzyme inactivated with 1a and N-(trifluoroacetyl)anthranilic acid from enzyme inactivated with 1d. The mechanism of inactivation involves attack of the active site serine on the C-4 carbonyl of the inactivator which leads to ring opening and formation of an ortho substituted benzoylchymotrypsin , which hydrolyzes slowly due to electron releasing ability of the substituents. The rate of hydrolysis of the benzoylchymotrypsin from 1a or 1d is in close agreement with those predicted from the Hammett parameters (sigma, rho) for hydrolysis of their para-substituted analogues [ Caplow , M., & Jencks , W. P. (1962) Biochemistry 1, 883-893]. The inactivation of chymotrypsin by 2-methyl-4H-3,1- benzoxazin -4-one (1b) is an equilibrium process (kinact = 1 X 10(4) M-1 min-1 and Keq = 2 X 10(6) M-1). Formation of a benzoylchymotrypsin is demonstrated by spectral changes and methanol trapping. The benzoylchymotrypsin can also decay by direct hydrolysis to N- acetylanthranilic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6562905 TI - [Interactions of vanadate with the contractile system of the rabbit psoas muscle in active, relaxed and rigor states]. AB - Interaction between 0.1-0.3 mM vanadate (Vi) and muscle fibres was studied by measuring their force and stiffness. Only interaction with the fibres having cycling cross-bridges caused a strong decrease of these parameters. There was no vanadate effect on the rigor fibres and its complexes with Mg.AdP or Mg.beta gamma-imido-ATP. Judging by the following transient tension in Vi-containing solutions Vi was slowly incorporated into relaxed fibres, Vi complex with muscle was stable under relaxation conditions, but it was splitted when actomyosin was formed. Formation of M.ADP.Vi+, the stable biochemical analogue of M.ADP.Pi ( Goodno C. C., Taylor E. W. Proc. Natl. Ac. Sci. USA, 1982, 79, p. 21) is assumed to be formed in muscle. On the basis of the difference between rigor contraction of ATP- and Vi-relaxed fibres a conclusion can be drawn that the Vi complex in muscle is not a mechanochemical analogue of the myosin intermediate developing force when interacting with actin. PMID- 6562907 TI - [Kalliginogenase reference standard (Control 821) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences]. PMID- 6562906 TI - [Oxacillin and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: surveillance and development over a period of 6 months]. AB - An outbreak of nosocomial infections caused by oxacillin and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus occurred over a 3 month period in the intensive care unit of a 371-bed hospital. Four patients were infected. S. aureus isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics beside oxacillin and gentamicin. They exhibited identical antibiotic susceptibility pattern and identical phage type (47/54/75/77/84/85). A subsequent survey of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus was conducted in the hospital during a 6 month period. Bacteriophage typing was performed on 52 isolates of oxacillin-resistant S. aureus. Seventeen were non typeable . Fourteen had the same phage type (or a minor variant +/- 2 numbers) as that of the previously isolated S. aureus. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of 10 of the 14 isolates was identical to that of the epidemic strain. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 2 isolates differed from it with respect to the resistance to one antibiotic among those tested (these two isolates were obtained from patients that received the particular antibiotic before the isolation of the Staphylococcus). The 7 patients from whom these 12 S. aureus were isolated were staying in the intensive care unit except one who was hospitalized in this unit several months ago. Among the personnel screened, two intensive care unit nurses were found to be nasal carriers of oxacillin resistant S. aureus. One strain had the same phage type as that of the epidemic strain but its antibiotic susceptibility pattern was different. Room-mate to room-mate spread within the intensive care unit may be responsible for the perpetuation of the epidemic strain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6562908 TI - [Assay of enzyme preparations (IV). Kalliginogenase]. PMID- 6562909 TI - Your healthy heart. PMID- 6562910 TI - Coming to terms. PMID- 6562911 TI - Chinese nursing makes headway. PMID- 6562913 TI - Nursing program earns accreditation. PMID- 6562912 TI - Nursing and patient classification systems: predicting the workload. PMID- 6562914 TI - Nursing participation in computer vendor selection. PMID- 6562915 TI - Software evaluation for nursing educators: a proposed tool. PMID- 6562916 TI - Nursing in the computer revolution. PMID- 6562917 TI - An introduction to interactive video systems. PMID- 6562918 TI - A child dies at home. PMID- 6562919 TI - Death with dignity: a goal that community nurses, patients and family care-givers can work towards. PMID- 6562920 TI - The nurse as short-term psychotherapist. PMID- 6562922 TI - Sports medicine for nurses? PMID- 6562921 TI - Is your patient suicidal? PMID- 6562923 TI - Professional vindication: a nurse sues for wrongful dismissal, and wins. PMID- 6562924 TI - A model for pretreatment nursing assessment of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6562925 TI - Chemotherapy drug administration: a beginning survey of chemotherapy as a workload index. PMID- 6562926 TI - Patient concerns at 3 and 6 months postdiagnosis. PMID- 6562928 TI - Nurse-doctor communication. A study on interprofessional communication. PMID- 6562927 TI - Cancer nursing and the law. Criminal prosecution for discontinuance of life support - Part V. PMID- 6562929 TI - [The professional formation of the student nurse]. PMID- 6562930 TI - Primary health care: the role of the nurse. PMID- 6562931 TI - [Nursing manpower planning according to the patient classification system]. PMID- 6562932 TI - Smoking habits of nurses. PMID- 6562933 TI - [Evaluation of interpersonal skills]. PMID- 6562934 TI - Teaching health education. PMID- 6562935 TI - Communicating with our child patient or why is Johnny crying? PMID- 6562937 TI - The medicine round. PMID- 6562936 TI - [Obesity: a theoretical assessment]. PMID- 6562938 TI - [The patient progress report as communication tool]. PMID- 6562939 TI - Nurses: visible in politics (a report). PMID- 6562940 TI - Nursing in the future. PMID- 6562941 TI - Is there a win-win? PMID- 6562943 TI - [Tell me when you're ready. An open letter to the patient facing death]. PMID- 6562942 TI - [The awesome decision]. PMID- 6562944 TI - [Traditions in nursing--reflections on the present]. PMID- 6562945 TI - [Overview on continued nursing--a joint view of institutional and regional personnel]. PMID- 6562946 TI - [A patient who refuses the use of a bedpan]. PMID- 6562947 TI - [The health of people in charge of others' health--nursing and health in view of nutritional physiology. (1)]. PMID- 6562948 TI - [A patient with few subjective symptoms]. PMID- 6562949 TI - [Clinical training of students assigned to terminal patients--a process started with learning needs and modified to meet the patients' needs]. PMID- 6562950 TI - Pregnancy: what women wanted. PMID- 6562951 TI - Pregnancy: antenatal ignorance. PMID- 6562952 TI - District nurses' bags: it's in the bag. PMID- 6562953 TI - Terminal care: the agony and the ecstasy. PMID- 6562954 TI - Primary health care conference: children who die at home. PMID- 6562955 TI - Transport: the case for community cars. PMID- 6562956 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: muddling through. PMID- 6562957 TI - Diaphragm structure and function in elastase-induced emphysema. PMID- 6562958 TI - Photoperiodic regulation of insect and molluscan hormones. PMID- 6562959 TI - Apheresis. AB - Therapeutic apheresis is a relatively new modality. Its absolute indications are few and include hyperviscosity syndrome, cryoglobulinemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Goodpasture's syndrome, and life-threatening complications of immunologic disorders refractory to conventional management. The use of apheresis in most of the other disorders discussed in this monograph is experimental and should not be employed unless all the mitigating therapeutic considerations clearly suggest an overwhelming advantage of apheresis. The promise of apheresis is much greater than its current use, and the research applications of specific component separation and antibody removal are of great importance. It is hoped that these new developments will shortly make current devices obsolete and improve the clinical management of patients as well as increase our knowledge of disease etiopathogenesis. PMID- 6562960 TI - Activity of cephalosporins against methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci. AB - Using a dilution method (37 degrees C, 42 h), six of ten methicillin-resistant strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be resistant to cephalothin. Of 20 variations in the method for detection of resistance to methicillin and cephalothin, broth dilution tests at 30 degrees C for 42 h were the most sensitive. Differences are explained by low percentages of cephalothin resistant clones in methicillin-resistant strains. PMID- 6562961 TI - Clumping factor defective methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6562962 TI - Pathogenetic aspects of respiratory distress syndrome in adults and newborns. Experimental and clinical data. AB - Activation of the kallikrein-kinin system was demonstrated in experimental lung failure in dogs and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns. Further lung damage was found in rats after intravenous infusion of hypoxanthine during exposure to 100% oxygen for 48 h. It is discussed whether such damage was mediated through free oxygen radicals produced by the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Newborn babies with RDS had high serum myoinositol levels and the role of myoinositol as regulator of surfactant synthesis is discussed. These three different approaches demonstrate the complexity of pathogenesis of RDS in newborn babies and adults. PMID- 6562963 TI - Hydrophilic monodisperse particles as solid-phase material in immunoassays: comparison of shell-and-core particles with compact particles. AB - Hydrophilic monodisperse shell-and-core particles with a density of 1.07 were superior to heavier compact particles as a solid-phase material for immunoassays. The shell-and-core particles formed a semistable suspension for 24 h and were easily collected by centrifugation. The hydroxyl groups of the particles were activated with two sulfonyl chlorides. The most reactive one, tresyl chloride, gave rapid chemical coupling of antibodies, whereas tosyl chloride favored a rapid hydrophobic adsorption which was followed by slow chemical coupling. The solid-phase sheep antirabbit IgG made was used as a separation agent in several immunoassays and gave solid-phase primary antibodies by immunoadsorption of rabbit antibodies. PMID- 6562964 TI - [Clinical aspects of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6562965 TI - [Hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6562966 TI - [Cervix erosion]. PMID- 6562967 TI - [Varicose disease of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6562968 TI - [Phlegmon of the hand]. PMID- 6562969 TI - [Chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6562970 TI - [Anesthesia in the first aid stage of acute coronary failure]. PMID- 6562971 TI - [Disease prevention in children in the first 3 years of life (material for talks)]. PMID- 6562972 TI - [Physical fitness training of preschoolers (material for talks)]. PMID- 6562973 TI - [Popularizing therapeutic physical exercise among patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6562974 TI - [Deontological education of the students in medical schools]. PMID- 6562975 TI - Putting research into practice: the study of pain management with oncologic patients. PMID- 6562976 TI - May is National High Blood Pressure Month: improving adherence to therapy. PMID- 6562977 TI - Barriers to health care for Haitian refugees. PMID- 6562978 TI - Activation of vertebrate complement by Helix pomatia haemolymph. AB - Haemolymph plasma from the pulmonate snail Helix pomatia contains a constituent, not yet identified, which causes activation of vertebrate complement via the alternative complement pathway in fluid phase. The activation of vertebrate complement by snail plasma is closely analogous to the activation caused by cobra venom factor (CVF), the snake's C3b, with one notable exception; the snail factor requires vertebrate C3 for the formation of C3 convertase which cobra venom factor does not. Our results do not allow any definite conclusion on the exact mechanism but we favour the idea that the haemolymph contains a complement-like protein which functions as an opsonin in the snail, and which can interact with vertebrate alternative complement pathway components. PMID- 6562979 TI - [Outcome of pregnancy following amniocentesis in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic birth defects]. AB - From 1973 to 1982, genetic amniocenteses were performed in 2548 women with singleton pregnancies. Of the cases done up to the end of 1979 the outcome of the pregnancy is on record in 1163 of 1232 cases. Of the cases done from 1980 to 1982 the outcome up to three weeks after the amniocentesis is known in all cases. The final outcome of the pregnancy is known in 25% of these cases. The over-all abortion rate due to the amniocentesis was 0.5%. In the first group, the abortion rate was 0.8% for ultrasound guided amniocenteses and 2.9% for blind punctures. The fetal loss rate from abortion and stillbirth was 3.5%. The abortion rate was correlated to the maternal age, threatened abortions prior to the amniocentesis, the placental site and the technique of puncture. Because of pathological findings, the pregnancy was terminated in 3.2% of the cases. The majority of the amniocenteses was performed between the 16. and 18. week of gestation. Repeat punctures were required in 1.9% of the women. The incidence of discoloration of the amniotic fluid was 2.0%. The rate of frankly blood stained fluid was 2.2%. The frequency of minimally blood stained fluid was 3.2%. Blood stained samples of amniotic fluid were significantly more often obtained with larger canulas , blind punctures and in cases with anterior placentas. A feto-maternal transmission of red blood cells was detected in 10 of 699 tested cases (1.4%). Serious maternal complications or fetal injuries did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6562980 TI - [The course of labor following cesarean section with special reference to peridural anesthesia]. AB - In a retrospective study the mode of delivery by 565 pregnant women who had previously undergone Caesarean section, was explored on the basis of their medical records. Particular attention was paid to the problem of PDA. Primary Caesarean section was performed in about 25% of the cases and secondary Caesarean section 22%. 57% of the women who had previously delivered via Caesarean section, now delivered vaginally. 71,4% of these patients had peridural anaesthesia during labour. In 17 cases laparotomy following vaginal delivery was necessary because of suspected rupture of the uterus due to rupture of the uterine scar. In 10 cases this diagnosis was confirmed. The authors come to the conclusion that previous Caesarean section is no indication for a repeat Caesarean section. Under exactly controlled conditions the authors were able to clarify that PDA can be safely applied in patients with previous Caesarean section. PMID- 6562981 TI - [Effect and adverse effects of epidural anesthesia during labor. With special reference to changes in the cardiotocogram]. AB - In an Obstetric Department with approximately 2,000 deliveries yearly, offry third mother is delivered under epidural anesthesia. In a group of 600 maternity patients, the effectiveness, the side effects and the changes in the fetal cardiotocogram were examined during labour and delivery under epidural anesthesia. Evaluated were questionnaire to the mothers with mainly subjective impressions, the anesthetic protocol, and the protocol of labour and delivery including the internal cardiotocogram. 85% of the mothers would have a future delivery under an epidural anesthesia. The incidence of headaches and its independence of the type of obstetric analgesia and anesthesia is mentioned. The number of punctures, the technique of epidural anesthesia, the concentration of the local anesthetic used, failures and side effects are described. The incidence of cesarian sections, fetal morbidity and changes in the cardiotocogram are discussed in detail. The incidence of transilent silent decelerations and alarm dips in the cardiotocogram are mentioned. This study shows that epidural anesthesia is free of risks and a highly effective method for the conduct of obstetric analgesia. PMID- 6562982 TI - [Twin pregnancy--a special problem of modern obstetric medicine]. AB - Basing on an exemplary organized health protection incorporating up-to-date technique, progressive management of delivery and optimal neonatal care, we were able to reduce the perinatal mortality of all pairs of twins at the UFK Jena in the periods between 1977/79 (n = 204) and 1980/82 (n = 174) from 8,33% to 3,30%. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The late morbidity of these children also showed a statistically significant decline (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6562983 TI - [Lipoprotein changes during hormonal treatment of endometriosis with lynestrenol and danazol]. AB - The Lipoprotein profile of 24 patients with endometriosis was determined before, during and after the treatment with the two steroid hormones Lynestrenol (10 mg/day) and Danazol (600-800 mg/day). The total cholesterol triglycerides, beta-, prebeta-, and Alphalipo -protein bound to cholesterol were determined. Both hormones cause a marked lowering of the Alpha-Lp-cholesterin. In addition, the beta-LP-cholesterin was elevated and the beta-alpha-LP-ratio was elevated. In the dosage used by us, Lynestrenol showed less effect on the Lipoprotein profile. Danazol caused changed in the beta- and alpha-lipoprotein pattern of highly pathological atherogenic types. The total cholesterol was not influenced. Since women in the fertile age group will suffer a higher risk of arteriosclerosis from an elevation of the beta-LP-cholesterin, the treatment with Danazol calls for a sophisticated monitoring of the lipid metabolism and care in the indication for long term treatment with Danazol or with Lynestrenol. PMID- 6562984 TI - [Preoperative cervical dilatation in abortion during the 1st trimester with sulprostone]. AB - Retrospectively we have compared the efficacy, the immediate complications, and the side effects during termination of 727 first trimester pregnancies with and without preoperative cervical dilatation by sulprostone. All these patients had been admitted to the Frauenklinik der Medizinischen Hochschule L ubeck for legal abortion; 365 of them got a single intramuscular injection of 500 micrograms sulprostone 8-10 hours prior to vacuum aspiration (failure 4% Hegar less than 6); 81 patients got a single intramuscular-intracervical injection of 25 micrograms sulprostone 8-10 hours prior to vacuum aspiration (failure 16% Hegar less than 6); in 281 patients evacuation of the uterus was carried out in dilating the cervix mechanically. This route without preoperative dilatation by the prostaglandin analogue sulprostone gave the highest rate of complications. Only in regard to a complete evacuation of the uterus a single intramuscular intracervical injection of sulprostone resulted in a diminution of the complications. However, a single intramuscular injection of 500 micrograms sulprostone prior to vacuum aspiration offered a practical, effective and relatively side-effect free method of cervical dilatation. PMID- 6562985 TI - [Vagino-cytological studies in prostitutes]. AB - Numerous papers on the high incidence of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix in prostitutes have been published mainly in Anglo-American literature. The reported data were compared with those of prostitutes in a South German city. In a retrospective study on 239 prostitutes and a control group of 502 patients of the same age distribution the data regarding the vaginal flora and the obtained cytologic groups (modified Papanicolaou classification "M unchner Nomenklatur ") were compared. The prostitutes showed a higher rate of cocci in otherwise "comparably clean" smears. The incidence of trichomonas vaginalis was five times higher among the prostitutes. In contradiction to American and British publication there was no higher incidence of smears pointing to precancerous lesions among the prostitutes. It seems that the characteristic "low socioeconomic status" does not apply to prostitutes in our region. PMID- 6562986 TI - [Weight-length correlation of newborn infants. A current method for somatic evaluation--standard values]. AB - Over 30,000 deliveries from 1959 to 1980 were evaluated regarding the correlation between birth weight and length of the newborn. The factors influencing the ratios such as sex of the newborn, year of birth and maternal age and parity were investigated. Since 1965, the correlation has no relationship to the year of birth. It was further found that in almost every tenth primigravida the values of the multiparas were not applicable. In primigravidas below age 17 and over age 26 the proportion was 15%. The author therefore proposes that primigravidas are not included into the normal values. About 9,000 neonates of multiparas were used to establish a standard. The correlation is independent of the sex. Male and female newborns can therefore be evaluated by the same standard. A new concept for the evaluation of the somatic state of a newborn was discussed and recommended by the author. This concept uses the usual method which is also used later in life. Evaluation of the body length is correlated to the length of gestation according to length/SSW standards into macrosome , normosome , and microsome and evaluation of the body with a new weight length standard (Figure 10). The advantages are described in several examples. The comparison of the usual evaluation of newborns by weight/SSW with the new concept shows that more differentiated evaluation is possible in about 1/3 of the cases, especially cases with perinatal mortality and RDS. The optimal treatment and observation of the newborn is improved. The scientific evaluation of such problems as fetopathy , premature delivery and dysmature delivery becomes more exact. The danger of misinterpretations and wrong conclusions is diminished. PMID- 6562987 TI - [Intrauterine ultrasonic tomography (IUT): comparison with macroscopic sections]. AB - Clinical gynaecological examination and the imaging techniques in present use are insufficient for an accurate diagnosis of changes of the myometrium. The intrauterine ultrasonographic tomography (IUT) permits the differential diagnostic imaging of normal myometrium, leiomyomata, uterine carcinomata and sarcomata . There was good correlation between intra-uterine ultrasonograms and sections at the same level of selected normal and pathological hysterectomy specimens. PMID- 6562988 TI - [Sonographic criteria of ovarian function in menstruation cycles]. AB - The sonographic equivalent of the morphological changes of the ovaries in the physiologic menstrual cycle is the periodic evidence of cystic or solid ovarian structures. The selection of the follicle destined for ovulation occurs from a number of many small antral follicles. The initial polymicro follicular reaction the timing of selection differentiates the follicular phase in the selection and in the maturation phase. The selection phase is the limiting temporal part of the cycle. The maturation occurs usually in a unifollicular manner. The daily growth of the dominant follicle (maturation rate) is in most cases not constant. Usually an intraindividual or inter-individual variability of the maturation rate of a mean 2.5 mm per day is present. Preovulatory a non significant delay in the maturation occurs. The sonographic prediction of ovulation is indirect and determined by the timing of selection, the size of the selected follicle, the maturation rate and the size of the preovulatory follicle. The diameter of the dominant preovulatory follicle is 23.1 +/- 2.8 mm. In individual cases solid structures in the preovulatory follicle are recognized which probably correspond to the cumulus oophorus. The corpus luteum structure is significantly larger than the preovulatory follicle with a size of 28.1 +/- 6.7 mm. Corpus luteum cysts can persist until the maturation phase of the next menstrual cycle. The shift from corpus luteum to dominant follicle of the next menstrual cycle can occur alternating between ovaries or homolaterally . PMID- 6562990 TI - [Therapeutic effect of intravaginal application of estriol tablets in the treatment of pathological cervical factor as a cause of sterility]. AB - 81 women were included in a prospective randomised 12-year personal study. The "pathological cervical factor" was confirmed by periovulatory daily examination of the quality of the cervical mucus, using a new modified scheme of cervical score by examining the oestrogenic activity in the vaginal smear and results of sperm-penetration tests after Sims- Huhner , partly also by periovulatory determination of the concentration of luteinising hormone in the serum. The presence of ovulatory cycles could also be determined by regular registration of the cycle length, measurement of the basal body temperature and partly by premenstrual endometrium biopsies; these determinations were of course effected during cycles without therapy. All 81 cases with abnormal preovulatory production of cervical mucus were treated in a total of 234 cycles by intravaginal application of oestriol tablets 1 to maximal 3 mg daily for 1 or more subsequent cycles. On the basis of these criteria, the quality of cervical mucus and postcoital tests improved with a satisfying intravaginal resorption of the oestriol tablets; no side effects were seen. After this therapy, very good results were obtained with intravaginally administered oestriol tablets in 59.3% of the patients with a pregnancy rate of 27.2%; 24.7% of the cases only showed a moderate improvement of the mucus; 16.0% did not respond to oestriol treatment and, therefore, had to be considered as therapeutic failures. The present study again confirms the results of other investigators on the local effectiveness of intravaginal application of oestriol tablets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6562989 TI - [Additive therapy in ovulation induction with clomiphene]. AB - Between 1977 and 1981 1319 patients consulted our hospital with the problem of sterility. 763 women became pregnant, 200 were treated with clomiphen . In 69 cases we used a combination with other agents, because ovulation could not be induced with clomiphen alone. 7 times we combined clomiphen with HCG, in 7 other cases with Prednisolon . Ovulation and pregnancy occurred subsequent to a treatment with Estradiolvalerianate -Norgestrel and clomiphen in 15 patients, in 32 patients after administration of a combination of clomiphen and Bromocriptine. The inadequate cervical mucus which may develop in patients during clomiphen therapy was treated with an additional low dose of ethinylestradiol. Our retrospective study confirms the value of a combination therapy in the treatment of anovulation and sterility. PMID- 6562992 TI - [Expanded indications for cesarean section for low birth weight infants]. AB - Retrospective investigations on 849 low birth weight infants between 1,001 and 2,500 gm born from 1966 to 1982 were done. The infants were divided into three groups with birth weights from 1,001 to 1,500 gm, from 1,501 to 2,000 gm, and 2,001 to 2,500 gm. The results of spontaneous delivery, delivery with manual assistance and caesarian section were compared. In the weight group 1,001 to 1,500 gm (14%), the perinatal mortality was 32%. In caesarian sections, the perinatal mortality was 19%, in spontaneous deliveries the perinatal mortality was 32% and in delivery with manual assistance the perinatal mortality was 45%. In the second weight group of 1,501 to 2,000 gm the perinatal mortality was 14.8%. Spontaneous delivery had a perinatal mortality of 16%, manual assistance a perinatal mortality of 14% and caesarian section a perinatal mortality of 10%. In both birth weight groups of 1,001 to 1,500 gm and 1,001 to 2,000 gm, the infants born by caesarian section had a significantly improved prognosis. Therefore, we recommend caesarian section in these weight groups for all breech presentations. In vertex presentations, caesarian sections are indicated when additional risk factors especially prolonged labour are apparent. In the third weight group between 2,001 and 2,500 gm the overall perinatal mortality was 4.9%. The spontaneously delivered infants have a mortality of 4.1%. Manual assistance was associated with a perinatal mortality of 5.9%. Caesarian section had a perinatal mortality of 11%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6562991 TI - [Cerclage and tocolysis in twin pregnancies]. AB - From 1977 to 1981, 29 twin pregnancies were managed by cerclage and tocolysis and this group was compared to 28 twin pregnancies without cerclage. The average birth weight in both groups did not differ significantly. In the group with cerclage 91% of the infants had a birth weight of 2000 or over 2000 gm and none was born prior to 34 weeks gestation. In the group without cerclage, five infants were born prior to 34 weeks gestation and only 76% had a birth weight of 2000 gm or higher. The perinatal mortality in the group with cerclage was zero percent; in the group without cerclage, one died at 31 weeks gestation. The avoidance of deliveries of very small and immature infants inascribed to the influence of cerclage and tocolysis. In the group with cerclage there was a higher incidence of small gestational age infants and a higher incidence of rupture of the membranes and operative deliveries. These were due to a random increase of malpositions. Our results are limited by the fact that the cerclage was done in all cases prior to 27 weeks gestation whereas the group without cerclage did not have the diagnosis of twin pregnancies established prior to 27 weeks gestation in 75% of the cases. PMID- 6562993 TI - [Pathology and clinical aspects of uterine rupture at the Hamburg-Eppendorf University Gynecological Clinic 1968-1982]. AB - This report deals with 26 cases of uterine rupture seen in Hamburg-Eppendorf in the gynaecological hospital of the University during the years 1968 to 1982. The frequency of such rupture was 0.1% in relation to the total number of deliveries. Approximately 92% of the cases were due to a previous Caesarean section. There was no maternal death, although the maternal complication rate was high. The corrected perinatal mortality rate in relation to a rupture of the uterus was 3.8% during the period under review. PMID- 6562994 TI - [Puerperal inversion of the uterus]. AB - In Europe, one inversion per 25,000 births is expected with present day obstetric management. Faulty management of the third stage of labour may increase the incidence many-fold. North American figures show that the omission of medications during the third stage of labour and traction on the umbilical cord have increased the incidence to 1 in 2,000. Whether cord traction is as free of danger as has been claimed within recent years, needs to be re-evaluated. The classical symptoms and signs of inversion of the uterus are pain, vascular shock and bleeding. If manual reposition of the uterus occurs immediately following the inversion, even without anesthesia, severe complications and post-operative morbidity are low. Following inversion of the uterus, further normal pregnancies can be expected. PMID- 6562995 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of a deciduoma with intra-abdominal hemorrhage]. AB - A so-called Deciduoma caused severe intraabdominal haemorrhage in third trimester of pregnancy. The bleeding from the hypervascular tumor resulted in the decompensation of balanced placental insufficiency and thus led to fetal distress. PMID- 6562997 TI - [Consequences of government measures]. PMID- 6562996 TI - [An improved ultrasonics contact gel]. PMID- 6562998 TI - [We, who are concerned with health]. PMID- 6563000 TI - [Where are we apropos technical actions?]. PMID- 6562999 TI - [Who are we, we, the students?]. PMID- 6563001 TI - [Nurses and patients... at risk? Viewpoint of the professionals]. PMID- 6563003 TI - [1999: competence and consideration for all student nurses]. PMID- 6563002 TI - [Community policy and primary health care]. PMID- 6563004 TI - [Nurses, patients at risk? Options of the A.C.N. (National Association of Catholic Nurses)]. PMID- 6563005 TI - [The nursing law... 10 years later!]. PMID- 6563006 TI - [Conclusions of the F.N.I.B. (National Federation of Belgium Nurses)]. PMID- 6563008 TI - Suffering--a conceptual description and content analysis of an operational schema. PMID- 6563009 TI - Research methodology: epistemologic considerations. PMID- 6563007 TI - [The employment situation of nurses]. PMID- 6563010 TI - Nursing research: the bridge to excellence in practice. PMID- 6563011 TI - Dissemination of nursing research. PMID- 6563012 TI - Selecting a clinical nursing problem for research. PMID- 6563013 TI - Urinary kallikrein response to acute saline or water loads in hypertensive and normal humans. AB - Urinary kallikrein excretion during acute water or saline loading was studied in normal and hypertensive humans after chronic Na+ depletion and Na+ loading to answer the following questions. 1. Is urinary kallikrein a natriuretic or diuretic substance? 2. During acute water or saline loading, does the underlying Na+ balance influence (a) the urinary kallikrein response? or (b) the relationship between urinary kallikrein and renal Na+ or water handling? 1) Urinary kallikrein did not change during a 1.2 liter water load given to nine white hypertensive and five white normal men. Urinary kallikrein was significantly decreased, however, in five white hypertensive and five white normal subjects during and after 1 hour of isotonic saline infusion (30 ml/kg). In sodium-depleted hypertensive patients kallikrein excretion was decreased from 19.8 to 9.5 mEU /min, and in Na+-depleted normal subjects it was decreased from 15.7 to 12.6 mEU /min (p = 0.003). The response in hypertensive patients was not different from normal subjects. In all Na+-loaded subjects, kallikrein excretion was also significantly decreased during isotonic saline infusion (p = 0.01). Urinary kallikrein did not change in three other subjects given hypertonic saline. 2(a) The underlying state of Na+ balance influenced the baseline level of kallikrein excretion, but not the directional decline in kallikrein during isotonic saline. (b) In Na+-restricted hypertensives given isotonic saline, urinary kallikrein was inversely related to the fractional excretion of Na+ (r = 0.54, p less than 0.01) and the tubular reabsorption of H2O (TcH2O/GFR; r = 0.50, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6563014 TI - Increased levels of new spasmogenic substances released by trypsin from plasma of hypertensive rats. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the participation of the kallikrein kinin system in the normalization of blood pressure after release of the clip in one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats ( 1K1C ). Kininogen was determined before and after unclipping by tryptic digestion of denatured rat plasma, and spasmogenic activity was measured with isolated guinea pig ileum. In contrast to human plasma for which bradykinin (BK) is the only trypsin-releasable spasmogenic substance ( TRSS ), rat plasma contains non-BK TRSS (Fractions P1 and P2) as well as BK. Fractions P1 and P2 were separated from BK by SP-Sephadex chromatography. An increase of total TRSS was demonstrated 60 days after clipping and reached a maximum at approximately Day 75, which was two times that of the normotensive controls (NC). The level of total TRSS did not change after unclipping . The increased level of TRSS in the hypertensive state confirmed the observations of other investigators who reported increased kininogen levels but who could not distinguish between BK and non-BK TRSS because bioassays were performed without prior chromatographic separation of the spasmogenic activities. Fractions P1 and P2 were present in the TRSS of both 1K1C and NC plasma, but were two to six times higher in 1K1C and thus probably accounted quantitatively for the increased TRSS in 1K1C . The data suggest that in the hypertensive state there is an alteration in the relative amounts of some plasma proteins that contain non-BK TRSS within their amino acid sequences. Fractions P1 and P2 also contain potentiating peptides and have not yet been purified to homogeneity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6563015 TI - [Concentrations and levels of activity of important serum protein components in preserved serum]. AB - The content of transport proteins, immune globulins, components of the complement system and protease inhibitors were estimated in two different plasma preparations, using bioassays by chromogenic substrates and laser nephelometry. The content of proteins under consideration was found about 50% less than in untreated human plasma. Some proteins such as antithrombin III and factor XIII are missing. The results are discussed in respect to clinical used of plasma preparations. PMID- 6563017 TI - Scandinavian experience differs. PMID- 6563016 TI - Inhibition of protein and aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis, and binding and transport sites for aromatic amino acids in the brain in vitro with aromatic acids. AB - The influx of [3H]phenylalanine, [3H]tyrosine and [3H]tryptophan into brain slices and synaptosomes, their binding to synaptic membranes and their incorporation into protein and aminoacyl-tRNA were studied in the presence of an excess of a second aromatic amino acid or some other aromatic acid, viz., phenylpyruvate, phenyllactate, phenylacetate, homogentisate, salicylate or benzoate. The influx into brain slices was strongly inhibited by a second aromatic amino acid and in general also by phenylpyruvate and homogentisate, but the effects of these substances upon the influx into synaptosomes were slight. The binding of phenylalanine and tyrosine to the synaptic membranes was affected mainly by phenylpyruvate and homogentisate, and these were also effective in preventing the formation of aminoacyl-tRNA, and thus apparently inhibited the biosynthesis of proteins and polyphenylalanine. In all cases phenyllactate, phenylacetate salicylate and benzoate had virtually no effect. Phenylalanine seemed to be a noncompetitive, and tyrosine a competitive inhibitor, while tryptophan had both properties, as was also the case with phenylpyruvate and homogentisate. Under phenylketonuric conditions high excesses of phenylalanine and phenylpyruvate, and also certain other aromatic compounds, seemed to occupy the cellular transport sites for amino acids on the cellular membranes and prevent the formation of aminoacyl-tRNAs, thus inhibiting brain protein synthesis. The reduced supply of intracellular amino acids and the inhibition of protein synthesis may constitute one reason for the development of biochemical phenylketonuric abnormalities. PMID- 6563018 TI - PPD skin tests for workers. PMID- 6563019 TI - Antiseptics and disinfectants--safe and effective? PMID- 6563020 TI - Persistent isolation of an unusual Pseudomonas species from a phenolic disinfectant system. AB - A well-characterized unusual Pseudomonas species contaminated the piped disinfectant system of a newly-opened laminar air flow intensive care facility. This organism was frequently isolated (10(4)-10(6) cfu/ml) from phenolic diluted 1:256 in the system, and could also be recovered (0.01-0.2 cfu/ml) from undiluted phenolic. During the 20-month period when this unusual Pseudomonas was present, none of the severely compromised, granulocytopenic oncology patients treated in the intensive care facility were either colonized or infected with this Pseudomonas sp. Eradication of the organism from the system proved difficult and was accomplished by removing a contaminated reservoir of diluted phenolic disinfectant followed by transient cleansing of the system with very high concentrations (84,000 ppm) of chlorine. This experience demonstrates that phenolics should be added to the list of disinfectants which can harbor Pseudomonas spp. in the clinical setting. PMID- 6563021 TI - Endotoxin contamination of Foley catheters associated with fevers following transurethral resection of the prostate. AB - In 1980 an investigation was conducted due to an apparent cluster of fevers following transurethral resections of the prostate ( TURP ), where the presence of prostatitis or urinary tract infections ( UTIs ) could not account for most cases, and the usage of antimicrobials did not prevent them. When unused, prepackaged , sterilized samples from 13 lots of triple lumen catheters were analyzed, four were found to contain high levels of endotoxin (ET), with a range of 49,150-greater than or equal to 6.25 ng/catheter. Additionally, these lots were highly pyrogenic to rabbits. The maximum incidence of febrile patients (42%) correlated with usage of catheters from the lot where ET levels were the highest. The febrile rate for a second urologist, who used single lumen catheters, was less (12/33 v 0/12). Further consideration should be given to sterile operative equipment which may still be pyrogenic. PMID- 6563022 TI - Disposable suction canisters. PMID- 6563023 TI - Flavobacterium meningosepticum. AB - lavobacterium meningosepticum is an opportunistic pathogen of low virulence found in the hospital environment in water-containing equipment. Of primary importance is its role in outbreaks of neonatal meningitis which tends to be severe with a high mortality rate and serious sequelae. Changing all equipment concerned with humidifying or administering gases every 24 hours can help prevent these outbreaks in neonatal nurseries. Treatment is difficult because of the resistance of F. meningosepticum to most antimicrobial agents used to treat meningitis. Sensitivity tests, using a MIC method, are mandatory for infections caused by F. meningosepticum and, pending these results, vancomycin, given intravenously and, if necessary, intrathecally, appears to be the drug of choice for initial therapy. PMID- 6563024 TI - A hospitalwide approach to AIDS. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Infections within Hospitals. American Hospital Association. PMID- 6563025 TI - What is wrong with portage? PMID- 6563026 TI - Should we be advising on low fat diets in the United Kingdom? PMID- 6563027 TI - Adolescent worries. PMID- 6563028 TI - Managing the health service. 7. Can there be fair shares for all in the NHS? PMID- 6563029 TI - Exeter's new concept of the school nurse's role. PMID- 6563030 TI - [The traditional birth attendant--a resource?]. PMID- 6563031 TI - [First time]. PMID- 6563032 TI - [Swedish Midwifery Society's reply to SHSTF (Swedish Association for Health Care and Nursing Employees)]. PMID- 6563033 TI - [Mother-infant separation in the first week of life]. PMID- 6563034 TI - [WHO's World Health Day. Children's health--tomorrow's wealth!]. PMID- 6563035 TI - Antimicrobial tolerance in group C and group G streptococci. AB - The in-vitro activity of various antimicrobial agents against 61 clinical isolates (35 group G streptococci and 26 group C streptococci) was studied. Penicillin, cephalothin and vancomycin were the most active agents with MIC90 values of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.12 mg/l respectively. Tolerance, defined as an MIC to MBC ratio of 32 or greater, was observed in six isolates (four group G--11.4% and two group C-7.7%). Two isolates were tolerant to penicillin alone and one each to cephalothin, vancomycin, latamoxef (moxalactam) and cefotaxime. No cross tolerance was observed. The addition of gentamicin to the beta-lactam agents and of gentamicin or rifampicin to vancomycin resulted in bactericidal activity. None of the combinations were antagonistic. Our results demonstrate that various bactericidal antimicrobial combinations are available for therapy against tolerant organisms. PMID- 6563036 TI - Low-affinity penicillin-binding protein associated with beta-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has been associated with alterations in the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). An intriguing property of all methicillin-resistant staphylococci is the dependence of resistance on the pH value of the growth medium. Growth of such bacteria at pH 5.2 completely suppressed the expression of methicillin resistance. We have examined the PBP patterns of methicillin-resistant staphylococci grown at pH 7.0. We detected a high-molecular-weight PBP (PBP-2a; approximate size, 78,000 daltons) that was only present in the resistant bacteria but not in the isogenic sensitive strain. In cultures grown at pH 5.2, the extra PBP was not detectable. PMID- 6563037 TI - Density of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins in intracellular membranes. I. Stereological studies. AB - As the spike proteins of Semliki Forest virus (SFV) pass from their site of synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface, they must be concentrated and freed from endogenous proteins. To determine the magnitude of this sorting process we have measured the density of spike proteins in membranes of the intracellular transport pathway. In this first paper, using stereological procedures, we have estimated the surface areas of the ER, Golgi complex, and plasma membrane of infected and mock-infected baby hamster kidney cells. First, we estimated the mean cell volume in absolute units. This was done using a novel in situ method which is described in detail. Infection by SFV was found to have no effect on any of the parameters measured. In the accompanying paper ( Quinn , P., G. Griffiths, and G. Warren, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 2142-2147) these stereological estimates were combined with biochemical estimates of the amount of spike proteins in ER, Golgi complex, and plasma membrane to determine the density in the membranes of these compartments. PMID- 6563038 TI - Density of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins in intracellular membranes II. Biochemical studies. AB - Using two independent methods, incorporation of radioactive amino-acid and quantitative immunoblotting, we have determined that the rate of synthesis of each of the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) proteins in infected baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is 1.2 X 10(5) copies/cell/min. Given the absolute surface areas of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex presented in the companion paper (Griffiths, G., G. Warren, P. Quinn , O. Mathieu - Costello , and A. Hoppeler , 1984, J. Cell Biol. 98:2133-2141), and the approximate time spent in these organelles during their passage to the plasma membrane (Green J., G. Griffiths, D. Louvard , P. Quinn , and G. Warren 1981, J. Mol. Biol. 152:663-698), the mean density of each viral protein in these organelles can be calculated to be 90 and 750 molecules/micron 2 membrane, respectively. In contrast, we have determined that the density of total endogenous integral membrane proteins in these organelles is approximately 30,000 molecules/micron 2 so that the spike proteins constitute only 0.28 and 2.3% of total membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, respectively. Quantitative immunoblotting was used to give direct estimates of the concentrations of one of the viral membrane protein precursors (E1) in subcellular fractions; these agreed closely with the calculated values. The data are discussed with respect to the sorting of transported proteins from those endogenous to the intracellular membranes. PMID- 6563039 TI - Chromatographic method for the isolation of active 40S and 60S subunits from rat liver polyribosomes. AB - A rapid and simple procedure for isolation of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunits by ion-exchange column chromatography is described. The dissociated ribosomes can be separated and non-ribosomal proteins and low-molecular-weight substances removed. An assessment by physicochemical and functional criteria showed that the ribosomal subunits obtained are active and sufficiently homogeneous. PMID- 6563040 TI - Teaching nursing homes. A project update. PMID- 6563041 TI - Music hath charms... PMID- 6563043 TI - Spring walk program. PMID- 6563042 TI - Facets of dementia. Is Alzheimer's disease transmissible? PMID- 6563044 TI - Can pets help the bereaved? PMID- 6563045 TI - Intravascular hemolysis secondary to irrigation fluid absorption during an internal urethrotomy. PMID- 6563046 TI - A case of headaches and red herrings. PMID- 6563047 TI - Aortic regurgitation. PMID- 6563048 TI - Mitral regurgitation. PMID- 6563049 TI - EKG of the MONTH: Endangering ST-ecies. PMID- 6563050 TI - Valvular aortic stenosis. PMID- 6563051 TI - Louisiana high blood pressure control program. PMID- 6563052 TI - Coronary heart disease: the beneficial effects of exercise to children. PMID- 6563053 TI - Pediatric flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 6563054 TI - Traumatic rupture of the descending thoracic aorta. PMID- 6563056 TI - Medical humanities in Louisiana medical education. PMID- 6563055 TI - Chronic pain and the risks of psychotropics. PMID- 6563057 TI - Change and persistence: a paradox in promoting health behaviors. PMID- 6563058 TI - Changing health behavior of community health clients. PMID- 6563059 TI - Making conflict work for you. PMID- 6563060 TI - Discovering a political economic model for the creation of rural health services. PMID- 6563061 TI - An assessment of the need for hospice services in a rural area. PMID- 6563062 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system as mediator in vasogenic brain edema. Part 1: Cerebral exposure to bradykinin and plasma. AB - Plasma and bradykinin were perfused into the ventricular system of mongrel dogs to investigate whether either or both induce brain edema. Formation of cerebral edema was determined by measurement of cerebral water and electrolytes in periventricular white matter, cerebral cortex, and caudate nucleus. The response of cerebral tissue to exposure to bradykinin or to plasma, as a carrier of kininogens, was analyzed by assessment of the perfusate composition after ventricle passage. The authors report that cerebral administration of bradykinin induces cerebral edema. Ventricular perfusion with plasma also led to an increase of cerebral water content which was restricted to the white matter, but involved all brain tissue areas, if bradykinin was used. Ventricular perfusion with plasma was associated with consumption of the kinin precursor (kininogens) indicative of formation of kinins. Significant consumption of the precursor was found in five out of nine animals subjected to plasma perfusion of the ventricular system. In these animals a close correlation between the increase of white matter water content and kininogen-consumption as a measure of kinin-formation was obtained. Marked kinin-degrading activity was observed during ventricular perfusion with bradykinin as concluded from a considerable decrease of bradykinin concentration in the cisternal effluent compared to the inflowing perfusate concentration. Ventricular perfusion with plasma was associated with a decrease of K+ clearance capacity with continued duration, and in two animals with a release of glutamate into the plasma perfusate, suggesting an involvement of cytotoxic mechanisms. These findings provide support for the hypothesis of a mediator function of the kallikrein-kinin (KK) system in vasogenic brain edema. The next question that needs to be answered to complete the picture--does spontaneous activation of the KK system occur in conditions leading to vasogenic edema?--is studied in a subsequent report. PMID- 6563063 TI - The kallikrein-kinin system as mediator in vasogenic brain edema. Part 2: Studies on kinin formation in focal and perifocal brain tissue. AB - Vasogenic edema was induced in mongrel cats by cold injury to study uptake and activation of the plasma-kallikrein-kinin system in central nervous system (CNS) tissue. A method was developed for quantitative assessment of kinin formation in affected brain tissue areas. Gross disruption of the blood-brain barrier by focal trauma causes marked penetration of plasma kininogens into necrotic and edematous brain tissue. Moreover, the kallikrein-kinin (KK) system was activated in both necrotic and perifocal edematous areas, and was markedly enhanced by additional cerebral ischemia. Formation of kinins in necrotic brain tissue led to consumption of approximately 60% to 80% of the amount of kininogens being taken up. In perifocal edematous tissue, formation of kinins was less pronounced, or even absent. However, if cerebral ischemia evolved after severe intracranial hypertension, kinins were also formed in the perifocal edematous brain. The intravascular origin of kininogens found in pathological tissue areas secondary to injury was deduced from the observation that cerebral tissue of the contralateral hemisphere with an intact blood-brain barrier had no measurable quantities of kininogens. Consumption of plasma kininogens or formation of kinins were assessed as the difference of the total amount of plasma kininogens taken up into the tissue minus the amount of kininogens found in the brain at postmortem examination. The data indicate that uptake and activation of the plasma-KK system might occur under all pathological conditions in which blood-brain barrier damage permits cerebral penetration of plasma proteins, such as with cerebral contusion, focal ischemia, and tumors. The potent pathophysiological mechanisms induced by kinins in CNS tissue, such as formation of brain edema, microcirculatory dysfunction, and enhancement of blood-brain barrier permeability, together with their formation in focal and perifocal pathological brain tissue, provide further support for a mediator function of the KK system. Methods that specifically interfere with the formation of kinins in damaged brain should therefore be expected to attenuate vasogenic edema. PMID- 6563064 TI - Organizational burnout programs. AB - Nurse executives have all felt the negative impact of stress and burnout in their organizations. As data emerge supporting the benefits of burnout and stress intervention programs in the workplace, nurse executives are in a unique position to foster development of organizational approaches to manage or prevent burnout. This article will describe a specific nurse administration generated antiburnout program applicable to health care organizations. PMID- 6563065 TI - Developing prospective managers. Part 3. The results. AB - Can managers be made? Can nurses with limited clinical experience become successful managers? Is there an objective process that can reliably predict success of applicants in a management development program? Is it possible to objectively measure and evaluate managerial skill? In this project, one candidate was successful in meeting the management training objectives; one was not. The only variables shared by both candidates were gender (both female) and 1 year of clinical nursing experience. One of the aims of the project was to identify any relationship between amount of clinical experience and success as a potential manager. As previously stressed, a sample of two participants is not sufficient to come to any reliable conclusions about this or the the other questions. However, since one candidate did meet the objectives for competent performance, we can say that an individual may not need to have several years of clinical experience for a beginning management position. Being an effective manager depends on many qualities, relationships, and values. Managing effectively is a complex interpersonal process that often is hard if not impossible to quantify or qualify. Experience with the Prospective Manager Project applicants and the participants gives us some reason to believe that, although we cannot answer these questions with a resounding unqualified "yes", we can say that it would seem possible to answer in the positive, and that future trials and experiences will provide more absolute answers to these important questions. PMID- 6563066 TI - Termination of a successful internship program. AB - The internship was discontinued in June 1983. With the availability of alternative resources, the general economic situation, and the decreases in vacancies, turnover rate, and internship applicants, it was decided it would be more cost-effective to terminate the internship program. The 20 staff nurse positions assigned to the internship program could be utilized to meet the need for increased numbers of positions on various units. In addition, more patient care hours would be available without the demand on the units to provide "extra" orientations. With the decreased turnover, there is a lessening of pressure to recruit more nurses. Recruitment of new graduates could be continued through scholarship programs that are funded from an outside source and other less costly alternatives. In order to avoid negating the professional development of both the new graduate and the experienced nurse, certain administrative changes could be instituted. Individualized counseling could be offered to the new nurse who is seeking first employment or who is unsure of the area of nursing she wishes to work. All new nurses could be assigned preceptors for the period of time needed to complete their designated individualized orientation plan. Emphasis could now be placed on retention of nurses and the development of an organizational ladder for advancement of qualified staff nurses. Hospital educational resources could be used to extend the preceptor program and to assist the staff in developing activities to improve care such as patient education and research related to direct care.+2 PMID- 6563067 TI - Vice-president of medicine/vice-president of nursing. Collaboration or conflict? AB - In the current environment of Diagnosis Related Groups and competition for the health care market share, there is a significant increase of vice-president of medical affairs or medical director positions on the hospital management team. This partnership is seen as vital for the survival of private practice physicians and hospitals. What does the addition of this role mean to the nursing administrator? What is the likelihood of a confusion of responsibilities between the vice-president of nursing and the vice-president of medical affairs or medical director? What involvement should the vice-president of nursing have in the vice-president of medical affairs or medical director's job description? These are some of the questions discussed in this article. PMID- 6563068 TI - Staff governance. The experience of one nursing unit. AB - Professionalization is a common theme in nursing. As this process progresses, the utility of more traditional methods and procedures will continue to come under scrutiny. The authors describe the evolution of a system of staff governance on one nursing unit in a large urban medical center. Factors contributing to the decision to abolish line positions on the unit are discussed, as are the dilemmas the staff faced in undertaking management of the unit. PMID- 6563069 TI - Nursing and nurse-midwifery: reflections and dilemmas. PMID- 6563070 TI - Characteristics related to drug consumption of women choosing between nontraditional birth alternatives--a comparison. PMID- 6563071 TI - Delivery positions and perineal outcome. PMID- 6563072 TI - The arrival of a rival: maternal perceptions of toddlers' regressive behaviors after the birth of a sibling. PMID- 6563073 TI - Obstetrical care in the Netherlands. PMID- 6563074 TI - [Improved assay method for the elastinolytic activity of elastases with Congo red elastin]. PMID- 6563075 TI - The truly cured child and the Tower of Babel. PMID- 6563076 TI - Asparaginase: a drug profile. PMID- 6563077 TI - Drug-induced liver diseases (continuing education). PMID- 6563078 TI - Psychopharmaceutical aspects of diabetes therapy (continuing education). PMID- 6563079 TI - Dental health for children: an adult responsibility. PMID- 6563080 TI - Can training do the Job? Another view on "non-verbal decoding". PMID- 6563081 TI - Humor & self-disclosure within the milieu. PMID- 6563082 TI - Interview: milieu treatment with borderline patients: the nurse's role. PMID- 6563083 TI - Client skills: non-verbal decoding. PMID- 6563084 TI - Counseling the infertile couple. PMID- 6563085 TI - Treating the depressed elderly. PMID- 6563086 TI - Psychosocial nursing in Belgium. Interview by Shirley Smoyak. PMID- 6563087 TI - The psychiatric clinical specialist in the emergency room. PMID- 6563088 TI - Antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of nosocomial methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a retrospective study. AB - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated at a single Melbourne Hospital between 1969 and 1981 were examined for susceptibility to a range of antimicrobial agents and for the presence of plasmid DNA. Isolates obtained during 1969 possessed a plasmid of mol. wt 20 X 10(6), encoding heavy metal resistance and penicillinase production, and a plasmid of mol. wt 2.8 X 10(6), mediating tetracycline resistance. In the majority of isolates obtained after 1973, these functions were chromosomally encoded. Before 1980, both high- and low-level chromosomally-encoded gentamicin resistances were encountered, whereas isolates from 1980 and 1981 displayed low-level gentamicin resistance only; the latter phenotype was most commonly mediated by a plasmid of mol. wt 18 X 10(6) that also encoded resistance to tobramycin and kanamycin. Chloramphenicol resistance in strains isolated throughout the period was mediated by one of three plasmids, each of mol. wt c. 3 X 10(6). PMID- 6563089 TI - Complement levels in serum and bile in patients with extra-hepatic biliary tract obstruction. PMID- 6563090 TI - Mechanism of codon recognition by transfer RNA and codon-induced tRNA association. AB - The steps of UUC recognition by tRNAPhe were analysed by temperature-jump measurements. At ion concentrations close to physiological conditions we found three relaxation processes, which we assigned to (1) formation of codon-anticodon complexes, (2) a conformational change of the anticodon loop coupled with Mg2+ binding, and (3) codon-induced association of tRNA. The relaxation data were evaluated both by the usual procedure (fitting the exponentials evaluated from the individual experiments of a set to a reaction model) and by "global fitting", i.e. fitting a set of relaxation curves obtained at various concentrations directly to a reaction model, thus leaving out the intermediate exponential fitting step. The data can be represented quantitatively by a three-step model: the codon binds to the anticodon at a rate of 4 X 10(6) to 6 X 10(6) M-1S-1 as is usual for the formation of oligomer helices; the conformation change of the anticodon loop is associated with inner sphere complexation of Mg2+ at a rate of 10(3) S-1; the codon-tRNA complexes form dimers at a rate of 5 X 10(6) to 15 X 10(6) M-1S-1. A similar mechanism is found for the binding of the wobble codon UUU to tRNAPhe at increased concentrations of Mg2+. Measurements at different Mg2+ concentrations demonstrate the distinct role of this ion in the codon recognition and the codon-induced tRNA dimerization. We propose a simple mechanism, based upon the special properties of magnesium ions, for long-distance transfer of reaction signals along nucleic acid chains. PMID- 6563091 TI - [Perinatal care. 13. Perinatal transport]. PMID- 6563092 TI - [24 hours at a gyneco-obstetrical ward]. PMID- 6563093 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: daily reevaluation of patients' needs]. PMID- 6563094 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: a desire for early return to work to utilize personal experience in childbirth]. PMID- 6563095 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: trials and satisfaction in the establishment of an NICU]. PMID- 6563096 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: work at the frontline of the maternal and child health center services]. PMID- 6563097 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: a 4-year experience as a teacher in a nursing school]. PMID- 6563098 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: busy life of a new clinical instructor]. PMID- 6563099 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: thoughts on the 5th year as midwife]. PMID- 6563100 TI - [Midwife as a person, an interview: job satisfaction as a midwife]. PMID- 6563101 TI - [Job satisfaction of a practicing midwife: pleasure in seeing happiness of mothers and children]. PMID- 6563102 TI - [Job satisfaction of a practicing midwife: assistance of mothers and infants through training in breast feeding and natural child rearing method]. PMID- 6563103 TI - [Self observation of cervical mucus]. PMID- 6563104 TI - [Obstetrical endocrinology. 10. Behavior and hormones: sex steroid hormones and sex behavior of women]. PMID- 6563105 TI - [Introduction to research. 22. How to do graphs (II): various types of graphs]. PMID- 6563106 TI - [Hawaii report: "Yes, Virginia..." (cancer and sexuality in women)]. PMID- 6563107 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of fetomaternal transfusion syndrome]. PMID- 6563108 TI - [Breathlessness]. PMID- 6563109 TI - [Differential diagnosis of dyspnea]. PMID- 6563110 TI - [The management of dyspnea]. PMID- 6563111 TI - [Dyspnea due to psychosomatic factors]. PMID- 6563112 TI - [Assessment and intervention in care of the patient with dyspnea]. PMID- 6563114 TI - [Nursing arts for the patient with respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6563113 TI - [The administration of nursing care in the ward for severe respiratory patients]. PMID- 6563115 TI - [Self-care education for the patient with dyspnea]. PMID- 6563116 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with hyperventilation syndrome]. PMID- 6563117 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea]. PMID- 6563118 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with chronic respiratory insufficiency; a case of hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6563119 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6563120 TI - [Supporting the patient with dyspnea in the terminal stage]. PMID- 6563121 TI - [A survey on inpatients' misgivings and timing of intervention; using an anxiety scale test]. PMID- 6563122 TI - [Examining better ways of handwashing]. PMID- 6563123 TI - [Oncogenes]. PMID- 6563124 TI - [Progress in respiratory care--respiratory care in shock]. PMID- 6563125 TI - [Determination of drug concentrations in the blood]. PMID- 6563126 TI - [Home hemodialysis and CAPD]. PMID- 6563127 TI - [Instructing home care to the patient with CAPD]. PMID- 6563128 TI - [Making an instruction guide for the patient discharged with chronic articular rheumatism]. PMID- 6563129 TI - [A survey of medical instruction sources concerning life style and home care of patients with chronic renal failure. 4]. PMID- 6563130 TI - [Symptom management in hospice care]. PMID- 6563131 TI - [Classification and pathophysiology of shock]. PMID- 6563132 TI - [Management of hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6563133 TI - [Management of septic shock]. PMID- 6563134 TI - [Management of anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 6563135 TI - [Management of cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 6563136 TI - [Shock and multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6563137 TI - [Nursing standards required for the patient in the acute and in the recovery phase of shock]. PMID- 6563138 TI - [Reception of the shock patient in the ICU and unit organization and management]. PMID- 6563140 TI - [Signs of fatal cardiac attacks following the early stage of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6563139 TI - [Traumatic shock and infusion control]. PMID- 6563141 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with endotoxic shock following emergency operation]. PMID- 6563143 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with traumatic shock]. PMID- 6563142 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with cardiac shock undergoing intra-aortic balloon pumping]. PMID- 6563144 TI - [Nursing care of patients with anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 6563145 TI - [Nursing of a patient with septic shock progressing to multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6563146 TI - [Admission to and management of shock patients in the ICU]. PMID- 6563147 TI - [Shock and fluid infusion]. PMID- 6563148 TI - [Bicarbonate dialysis: characteristics and indications]. PMID- 6563149 TI - [Nursing arts of the patient with an airway]. PMID- 6563150 TI - [Methods and technics for the maintenance of an airway in the ICU; their indications and management]. PMID- 6563151 TI - [Building up teaching guidelines for nursing care of the patient with neurologic disease; significance of observation of "eye symptoms" and its management]. PMID- 6563153 TI - [Dealing with emergency care. 5. Hemiplegia]. PMID- 6563152 TI - [A survey of medical instruction sources concerning patients' life style and home care in chronic renal failure (5)]. PMID- 6563154 TI - [Scientific and cultural exchange between France and Japan: discussion]. PMID- 6563155 TI - [Difficulties of research on human beings. Commentary: a consideration for the appreciation of the human being]. PMID- 6563157 TI - [Difficulties of research on human beings. Commentary: research from a position of nursing practice]. PMID- 6563156 TI - [Difficulties of research on human beings. Commentary: co-ownership and communication of research]. PMID- 6563158 TI - [Difficulties of research on human beings. Between "honne" and "tatemae". Interview by Hiroko Minami]. PMID- 6563160 TI - [Change and adaptation of life for hospitalization]. PMID- 6563159 TI - [Difficulties of research on human beings. Placing much value on the sense of the object. Interview by Sumiko Maehara]. PMID- 6563161 TI - [Change and adaptation of life for hospitalization. Discussion]. PMID- 6563162 TI - [The approach to English monographs. Sentences of the questionnaire and its circumstances]. PMID- 6563164 TI - [Difficulties of research on human beings. Commentary: the fundamentals of the grasp of the research object]. PMID- 6563163 TI - [Discussion. The problems of research in clinical nursing]. PMID- 6563165 TI - [Programs for a geriatric research seminar held at Chiba University School of Nursing, Nursing Practice and Research Training Center]. PMID- 6563166 TI - [Current status of geriatric nursing education in the United States. Position of geriatric nursing in the nursing curriculum]. PMID- 6563168 TI - [Humane nursing]. PMID- 6563167 TI - [Consistency in the contents of nursing education: through the organizing committees for educational facilities for practical nursing, high school nursing and hygienic departments, and degree-awarding nursing courses]. PMID- 6563169 TI - [Directions in nursing education: the ideal image of a nurse]. PMID- 6563170 TI - [Towards the future of nursing: a thought through practice. (1). Focus on nursing problems]. PMID- 6563171 TI - [Current status and future problems in training in geriatric nursing. 1]. PMID- 6563172 TI - [Diet for infants and young children and related nursing actions]. PMID- 6563173 TI - [On nursing education: nursing education and the value of spontaneous actions by the students]. PMID- 6563174 TI - [Towards the future of nursing: a thought through practice (2). Focus on nursing problems (2)]. PMID- 6563175 TI - [Importance of geriatric nursing in training in district nursing]. PMID- 6563177 TI - [Planning of training in geriatric nursing--at Sapporo Medical College, School of Nursing]. PMID- 6563176 TI - [Current status and future problems in geriatric nursing. 2. Training in geriatric nursing with special reference to clinical training]. PMID- 6563178 TI - [Understanding of the value judgments of the "aged' and individual differences in aging--uselessness of superficial knowledge and technics in geriatric nursing]. PMID- 6563179 TI - [Differences in the image of the nurse held by nursing students of various academic levels: correlation in motivation and ideation]. PMID- 6563180 TI - [Community support of nursing of bedridden aged patients. Anticipated nursing needs by home visits and creation of intermediate facilities: problems in nursing of bedridden aged patients]. PMID- 6563182 TI - [New nursing and educational system envisioned by the Japanese Association of Nursing]. PMID- 6563181 TI - [5-year follow-up study of bedridden aged patients at Koganei-shi]. PMID- 6563184 TI - [A message from Himalaya]. PMID- 6563183 TI - [Concept of the citizen's organization participating in public health activities. Proposal of a model depicting a relationship of 3 groups (agencies offering the service, citizens' group, and the consumer) with a focus on the actual scene and its application]. PMID- 6563185 TI - [Personal recollection of national public health activities in the Gunma Prefecture]. PMID- 6563186 TI - [Assistance to a nonresponsive schizophrenic patient and his aged mother]. PMID- 6563187 TI - [Current status of functional rehabilitation programs for aged patients at home- a reflection on the activities at an intermediate facility]. PMID- 6563188 TI - [Establishment of true team work in public health nursing: creation of a work environment where free constructive discussion is encouraged]. PMID- 6563189 TI - [Investigation of self care with a focus on the nursing scene: on autonomy of public health activities]. PMID- 6563190 TI - [Personal recollection on public health nursing activities at Gunma Prefecture. Overall renovation of tuberculosis prevention policies]. PMID- 6563192 TI - [Study of the verbal expressions used to describe circulatory diseases]. PMID- 6563191 TI - [Report from Nepal. Interpersonal relations]. PMID- 6563193 TI - [Patient education at a clinic within a business organization (Kimitsu Foundry, Shin Nippon Seitetsu)]. PMID- 6563194 TI - [Status of nursing of aged bedridden patients and evaluation of their needs (1): status of the patients and their nursing care]. PMID- 6563195 TI - [Symposium: cooperation between the professional medical facility and regional health care agencies in the care of patients with refractory diseases]. PMID- 6563196 TI - [Establishment of true team work in public health nursing: proposal from the administrative staff. The importance of interprofessional relationships]. PMID- 6563197 TI - [Establishment of true team work in public health nursing: a long-term research and its effect on improvement of public health nurses' professional standing]. PMID- 6563198 TI - [Establishment of true team work in public health nursing: importance of a receptive attitude toward the environment]. PMID- 6563199 TI - Rubin's "Puerperal Change" reconsidered. AB - A preliminary study was conducted to examine if healthy new mothers exhibit Rubin's "Taking-in" and "Taking-hold" behaviors and attitudes and if these behaviors and attitudes change during the course of hospitalization. Twenty subjects were surveyed on each postpartal hospital day at a large, west coast urban hospital. While the women exhibited some of the behavior and attitude changes, the findings do not support the specific time aspects described by Rubin. Implications for nursing practice, education, and research are discussed. PMID- 6563200 TI - Repeat cesarean births. Social and psychological issues. AB - Up to 30% of the current American cesarean birth rate has been attributed to routine repeat cesareans . Social and psychological issues associated both with repeat cesarean birth and with vaginal birth after a cesarean are reviewed. Current changes in the obstetrical community and among consumers are described; factors that influence the decision-making process in women planning future births are discussed; suggestions are offered to nurses who work with pregnant and laboring women who have had previous cesareans . PMID- 6563201 TI - Developing family planning nurse practitioner protocols. AB - This article focuses on the process of development of protocols for family planning nurse practitioners. A rationale for the use of protocols, a definition of the types and examples, and the pros and cons of practice with protocols are presented. A how-to description for the development process follows, including methods and a suggested tool for critique and evaluation. The aim of the article is to assist nurse practitioners in developing protocols for their practice. PMID- 6563202 TI - A systems model of premature birth. Implications for neonatal intensive care. AB - The literature regarding the birth of a premature infant strongly suggests that it is a crisis-producing event for the parents of such infants. It also suggests that premature infants are poorly parented more frequently than infants born after a normal gestation. The crisis of premature birth and its effect on parent infant interaction using a systems model of crisis theory is described. Specific intervention strategies that can be used within the neonatal intensive care unit to ameliorate the potentially detrimental effects of the crisis of premature birth on parent-infant interaction are outlined. PMID- 6563203 TI - The diagnostic evaluation and therapy of secondary amenorrhea. AB - One of the greatest challenges to health-care providers for women is the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of secondary amenorrhea in an efficient, cost effective, and timely fashion. Categories and compartments have been presented in order to assist one with the myriad of possible diagnostic tests and therapeutic modalities. The etiology and treatment of this common gynecologic symptom is reviewed in order to provide a working knowledge base for the nurse. In addition, the role of the nurse in the care of these clients is explored. PMID- 6563204 TI - Morning sickness. The client's perspective. AB - Thirty-nine women attending a prenatal clinic completed a questionnaire and were interviewed to gather information on early pregnancy nausea as it affected their daily lives: what actions they tried to alleviate the problem; whether those actions helped; and their source of information on the problem. Results of the preliminary study indicate that the nurse's suggestions for alleviating the discomfort cannot be limited to long-standing textbook remedies since no one action helped a majority of the clients. Suggestions for continued research are given. PMID- 6563205 TI - Meeting the challenge of cesarean births. AB - This article presents a perspective aimed at helping nurses achieve family centered cesarean births that meet the needs of health-care consumers. It begins by discussing the concept of loss as it relates to cesarean births along with the need for parents to receive support in order to achieve acceptance of the experience. Parents' needs to have control over their birthing experience are then reviewed and the choices concerning type of anesthetic and the father's presence during the cesarean delivery are discussed in some detail. The impact of the birthing experience on readiness for discharge and long-term effects are briefly discussed and finally, a list of possible choices and suggestions aimed specifically at helping nurses are also presented. PMID- 6563206 TI - Breastfeeding editorial. PMID- 6563207 TI - [Observation of disease helps in nursing patients]. PMID- 6563208 TI - [Nursing legislation--to know more about the laws concerning public health nursing, midwifery and nursing]. PMID- 6563209 TI - [Relationship between patient and disease]. PMID- 6563210 TI - [Disease reflecting the personal background of patients]. PMID- 6563211 TI - [Effects on the human body of going into and coming out of air conditioned rooms]. PMID- 6563212 TI - [Patients and their diseases. How nursing deals with diseases]. PMID- 6563213 TI - [On patient teaching]. PMID- 6563214 TI - [Survey of students' perception of terminal care]. PMID- 6563215 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 4]. PMID- 6563216 TI - [Restraining the elderly agitated patient--a hospital looks at its assessment and application policies]. PMID- 6563217 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patient. 6. questions and answers surrounding death and nursing]. PMID- 6563219 TI - [Katacalcin]. PMID- 6563218 TI - [Spotlight: Eiko Goto who teaches home nursing care skills to housewives taking care of elderly family members]. PMID- 6563220 TI - [Cephalosporium antibiotics]. PMID- 6563221 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 5]. PMID- 6563222 TI - [Information in nursing care]. PMID- 6563223 TI - [Nursing legislation. 10. To know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses]. PMID- 6563224 TI - [Dilemmas in providing care for the aged. Hospital for the aged]. PMID- 6563225 TI - [Limited capacity of public health nursing services for the aged. PHNs working with the local governments]. PMID- 6563226 TI - [PHNs working in urban areas]. PMID- 6563227 TI - [Problems surrounding the law concerning medical and health care for the aged. Problems caused by the enactment of the law]. PMID- 6563228 TI - [Better home care for the aged. Home visit to an elderly couple]. PMID- 6563229 TI - [How to provide better nursing care in the home]. PMID- 6563231 TI - [Care for the aged in Great Britain]. PMID- 6563230 TI - [Care for the aged in the United States]. PMID- 6563232 TI - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan. Development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6563234 TI - [Spotlight: Keiko Saeki who works for 20 years at the first-aid office for the high school baseball tournament in the summer]. PMID- 6563233 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patients. 7. Questions and answers surrounding death and nursing]. PMID- 6563236 TI - [Selenium and cancer]. PMID- 6563237 TI - [AIDS]. PMID- 6563235 TI - [Ischemic heart failure]. PMID- 6563238 TI - [Report: emergency care in time of flood]. PMID- 6563240 TI - [Women in China]. PMID- 6563239 TI - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan. Development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6563241 TI - [How nursing practice has been changed]. PMID- 6563242 TI - [Collaborative work with allied professions having been changed to meet the demands of society]. PMID- 6563243 TI - [Areas in need of collaborative work]. PMID- 6563244 TI - [Expanded scope of nursing practice--present and future. Round table talk: nursing practice tomorrow]. PMID- 6563245 TI - [Parts of nursing practice to be delegated to other disciplines]. PMID- 6563247 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patients. 8. Questions and answers surrounding death and nursing]. PMID- 6563246 TI - [Expansion of the role of nursing and delegation of authority]. PMID- 6563248 TI - [Keiko Imai, first Japanese nurse who has become a professor of nursing at Widener University]. PMID- 6563249 TI - [Broken hips in elderly women]. PMID- 6563250 TI - [Erythema infectiosum]. PMID- 6563251 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 6]. PMID- 6563252 TI - [Nursing legislation. 11. To know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses. Public health nursing practice]. PMID- 6563253 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patients. 9. Learning from our patients]. PMID- 6563254 TI - [Reading poems in nursing school. 2. For better exercise of the imagination]. PMID- 6563256 TI - [Nursing education based on Christianity at St. Luke's College of Nursing]. PMID- 6563255 TI - [Nursing legislation. 11. To know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses: midwifery practice]. PMID- 6563257 TI - [Spotlight: Shoko Saito who works for the people in the developing countries of Africa and the boat people from Vietnam]. PMID- 6563258 TI - [Health problems of children in southern Sudan]. PMID- 6563259 TI - [Hospice]. PMID- 6563261 TI - [The National Health Service in the United Kingdom (1)]. PMID- 6563260 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 7]. PMID- 6563262 TI - [Vocational aptitude and sex differences]. PMID- 6563263 TI - [The first baccalaureate program in nursing in our country--Kochi Women's University, the Department of Domestic Science, School of Nursing]. PMID- 6563264 TI - [Preparation of public health professionals to fulfill the needs of the community -Ryukyu University, Department of Public Health]. PMID- 6563265 TI - [Status of 4-year nursing colleges in the United States]. PMID- 6563266 TI - [Nursing education in baccalaureate programs--current status and prospects for the future. Preparation of professional nurses at Chiba University, School of Nursing]. PMID- 6563267 TI - [Problems surrounding nursing education in 4-year baccalaureate programs and 3 year junior college programs]. PMID- 6563268 TI - [Comparison of nursing education in baccalaureate programs and junior college programs]. PMID- 6563269 TI - [Nursing education in junior college programs--how it should be]. PMID- 6563270 TI - [Nurses with BAs--how they are accepted at the place of work]. PMID- 6563271 TI - [What we can expect from nursing education in the baccalaureate program]. PMID- 6563272 TI - [What should students study in degree programs]. PMID- 6563273 TI - [Reading poems at the nursing school. 3. For better exercise of the imagination]. PMID- 6563274 TI - [Spotlight: Dr. Amelia Mangay Maglacas, WHO chief nurse scientist]. PMID- 6563275 TI - [Vitamin C deficiency disease]. PMID- 6563276 TI - [Breast pain]. PMID- 6563277 TI - [Nursing log]. PMID- 6563278 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 8]. PMID- 6563279 TI - [Nursing legislation. 13. To know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses: midwifery practice]. PMID- 6563280 TI - [The National Health Service in Great Britain. II]. PMID- 6563281 TI - [A study of the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan -development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6563283 TI - [Nursing services within our health service]. PMID- 6563282 TI - [Towards better recognition of the social and economic value of nursing services]. PMID- 6563284 TI - [Renumeration system of medical and health care services]. PMID- 6563285 TI - [New Year's greetings from the JNA President]. PMID- 6563286 TI - [Fees for nursing services in our renumeration system]. PMID- 6563288 TI - [Economic evaluation of nursing services]. PMID- 6563287 TI - [Nursing should have a voice in the renumeration policy]. PMID- 6563289 TI - [Nursing fees by type of patient]. PMID- 6563290 TI - [Expansion of care needs and the role of nurses]. PMID- 6563291 TI - [Service and fees for services provided by nursing. Dialogue: how can we reduce health care costs]. PMID- 6563292 TI - [Home health service fees in the United States]. PMID- 6563293 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patients. 10. Part 2: my experience in nursing]. PMID- 6563294 TI - KSNA's peer assistance program: the first six months. PMID- 6563295 TI - Counseling through parent-parent self-help groups. PMID- 6563296 TI - A visit to China. PMID- 6563297 TI - [Relation between kallikreinuria and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6563298 TI - [Hemodynamic and humoral disorders following lobectomy in patients with chronic suppurative diseases of the lungs]. PMID- 6563299 TI - [Current dimensions in patient and personnel management. Universal communication in the hospital]. PMID- 6563301 TI - [Discussion in Sweden. When is a person dead?]. PMID- 6563300 TI - [Geriatric nursing. The geriatric nurse]. PMID- 6563302 TI - [Trust--substantiated and limited]. PMID- 6563303 TI - [Lower body and mind. Psychosomatic medicine establishes a relationship]. PMID- 6563304 TI - [Prevention and control of transmissible diseases in schools of nursing]. PMID- 6563305 TI - [Inflammatory diseases of the eye. Clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 6563306 TI - [Integrated hospital hygiene]. PMID- 6563307 TI - [They fight back in Nurnberg: distressing personnel situation in the nursing field]. PMID- 6563308 TI - [Current developments in the field of dressing materials]. PMID- 6563309 TI - [New nursing legislation in sight]. PMID- 6563310 TI - [Heart sounds which cannot be heard]. PMID- 6563311 TI - [Infection in artificial joint replacement]. PMID- 6563312 TI - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and therapy of digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 6563313 TI - A developmental model for teen-age parent education. AB - This paper presents the experience of the authors in designing and teaching a parenting class for adolescent parents who have returned to the high school setting after having had a child. In the case of many teen-age parents the developmental tasks of adolescence may conflict with parental demands and responsibilities. These potential conflicts form the framework for important curriculum design issues. A detailed discussion relates the salient developmental characteristics of adolescence and early parenthood to the use of specific classroom strategies such as role play, biographical scripts, family diagrams, developmental charts and classroom debates. PMID- 6563314 TI - Adolescent sex education: a preventive mental health measure. AB - This paper addresses the issue of adolescent sex education as a means of preventing sexuality-related disorders. Past efforts in adolescent sex education have generally failed to empirically determine appropriate subject matter or the most effective delivery agent for these programs. Sex education programs are examined in terms of delivery agents, cognitive, attitudinal and behavorial goals and research methodology. Suggestions to empirically determine appropriate goals and delivery agents and to consider individual differences among adolescents are offered. Recommendations are made for improving experimental design in sex education research. PMID- 6563315 TI - Nutrition knowledge of teen-agers. AB - Nutrition knowledge tests were administered to 1,193 teen-agers in Oregon prior to units on nutrition in health and home economics classes. Mean scores on the test were low, 39.4 +/- 11.6% correct. Teen-agers generally knew the Four Food Groups, appropriate snacks, a single "best" source of nutrients and the basics of weight control. They overestimated the importance and necessary amounts of dietary protein and vitamin C. Most of these teen-agers did not know food sources of nutrients other than the commonly known "best" source. They also had difficulty selecting a nutritious meal unless the meal followed traditional patterns. The nutrition units taught to these teen-agers generally included the Four Food Groups, the relationship of diet to health and food sources of various nutrients. Less than one-third of the units had major emphasis on nutritional needs during pregnancy, nutrition and athletics, retention of nutrients in food preparation or food fads and myths. PMID- 6563316 TI - Comprehensive health screening in elementary schools: an outcome evaluation. AB - A health screening program, piloted in 14 school districts in Texas from 1977 to 1979, was evaluated to determine the outcome of the screenings. Outcome measures used were the number of completed referrals, the number of conditions judged by health care providers not to exist and the number of problems of potential educational significance identified. While several problems were detected, the high rate of false positives and low referral completion reported from community health care providers leads to questions concerning the effectiveness of comprehensive health screening in the schools. However, the emphasis placed on identification during the screening of children with educationally significant problems may enable the schools to better serve these children. Referral follow up in the community and schools to address identified problems would assure that the expenditure of funds for screening would not be futile. PMID- 6563317 TI - Alcohol education in schools: toward a lifestyle risk-reduction approach. AB - This article calls for a refocusing of alcohol education to facilitate the adoption of low-risk lifestyle choices regarding decisions about abstinence and quantity and frequency of alcohol use. Five goals are presented as a focal point for lifestyle risk-reduction education about alcohol. It is essential that research and education activities become more focused on the link between the quantity-frequency of alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, and on the information and attitudes that support low-risk versus high-risk A/Q/F choices. PMID- 6563318 TI - Resolving nonmedical obstacles to successful school reentry for children with cancer. AB - An annual seminar for school personnel of elementary school-aged pediatric center patient is described. Facilitating understanding of the educational and social needs of such patients, providing updated information about childhood malignancy and addressing the concerns of teachers, nurses and others is warranted because of the many patients who will be cured and who must be prepared to enter adulthood. PMID- 6563319 TI - The effects of ethnicity, sex and father's occupation on heart health knowledge and nutrition behavior of school children: the Texas youth health awareness survey. AB - The relationships of ethnicity, sex and father's occupation with heart health knowledge and nutrition behavior were studied in Texas seventh and eighth grade students. A questionnaire was administered to 2,695 children in schools chosen to represent the urban/rural and ethnic mix of the state population. The findings indicated a strong need for heart health education and for culturally-relevant nutrition education aimed at specific target groups defined by ethnicity, sex and leisure activity. Analysis of eating behavior at school and home confirmed the importance of school feeding programs on the health of minority and low income children. PMID- 6563320 TI - A survey of health education requirements in American universities. PMID- 6563322 TI - [Organizational vitality as a vitalization of man]. PMID- 6563321 TI - [On the necessity and significance of TQC (total quality control) in the hospital]. PMID- 6563323 TI - [A successful case of TQC (total quality control) applied to hospital management]. PMID- 6563324 TI - [Various problems of QC circles according to a 1-year experience in our hospital]. PMID- 6563325 TI - [TQC (total quality control) and nursing]. PMID- 6563326 TI - [Student's ability for observation in clinical nursing training (1)]. PMID- 6563327 TI - [Case studies of nursing care planning using Roy's adaptation model (2)]. PMID- 6563328 TI - [The body as the background to thinking. 2]. PMID- 6563329 TI - [Research in human relations of nurses from the viewpoint of interpersonal conflict (4)]. PMID- 6563330 TI - [Research on the optimum temperature of the ward]. PMID- 6563331 TI - [Instruction of student nurses' practice in Seirei Junior College (6)]. PMID- 6563332 TI - [Teaching-learning method of patient education in the nursing school (4)]. PMID- 6563333 TI - [Teaching-learning method of problem solving in nursing (1)]. PMID- 6563334 TI - [Research on behavioral objectives in clinical nursing education with special reference to assistance in eating and elimination]. PMID- 6563335 TI - [Transfusion (3): adverse effects associated with transfusion of incompatible blood]. PMID- 6563336 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with cerebral infarction. Physiopathology of cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6563337 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with cerebral infarction. Diagnosis and treatment of cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6563338 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with cerebral infarction. Nursing process]. PMID- 6563339 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with cerebral infarction. Nursing of patients with stenosis of the right internal carotid artery]. PMID- 6563340 TI - [Nursing actions to ease the psychological stress of a school-age child with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6563341 TI - [Learning experience in nursing of schizophrenic patients--self evaluation in nursing]. PMID- 6563342 TI - [Rehabilitation nursing of a patient with tetraplegia and articulation disorder]. PMID- 6563343 TI - [Nursing conference. Lessons in clinical training: the starting point in nursing]. PMID- 6563344 TI - [Case study. Nursing training of a mother of a patient with juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6563345 TI - [Test yourself: nursing of a patient with liver cirrhosis and fracture of the left tibia]. PMID- 6563346 TI - [Life with patients in critical states (3): observation of vegetative patients. Nursing satisfaction in noting minute movements of patients--case studies to illustrate nursing dilemma]. PMID- 6563347 TI - [Life with patients in critical states (3): observation of vegetative patients. Return of consciousness! A case study of a patient who regained consciousness on the 53rd day]. PMID- 6563348 TI - [Life with patients in critical states (3): observation of vegetative patients. A gap between the suffering of the family and the attitude of the nursing staff--on the interactions with the family of a patient with prolonged vegetative state]. PMID- 6563349 TI - [Life with patients in critical states (3): observation of vegetative patients. Expectation of responses by the patients: a discussion by family members]. PMID- 6563350 TI - Is there a pharmacist-patient privilege? PMID- 6563351 TI - Hospital law review. Liability for employees' intentional torts: a growing concern for hospitals. PMID- 6563352 TI - Prescriptive authority for nurses. PMID- 6563353 TI - Reimbursing nurses and developing a health policy. PMID- 6563354 TI - Variables that affect the school-age child's reaction to hospitalization and surgery: a review of the literature. AB - The purpose of this paper has been to identify the variables documented in the literature that affect the school-age child's reaction to hospitalization and surgery. The variables were categorized as pertaining to the child, the parents, or the hospital. Variables in the category pertaining to the child that affect the child's reaction to hospitalization and surgery are developmental level and mechanisms used to cope with hospitalization and surgery. In the parent category, presence of the mother, preparation of the mother, support of the child by the mother, parental values, and socioeconomic status were considered variables that affect the child's reaction to hospitalization and surgery. The hospital environment is generally considered to be threatening to school-age children. The major variables identified in the hospital category that affect the child's reaction to hospitalization and surgery were specific events, length of hospitalization, nature and degree of illness, type of procedure, and method of preparation for the hospital experience. PMID- 6563355 TI - Giving and receiving in the neomaternal period: a case of distributive inequity. PMID- 6563356 TI - Psychological stressors in antepartum hospitalization: reports from pregnant women. PMID- 6563357 TI - A change in isoaccepting leucine transfer RNA species in rat brain after prolonged ingestion of ethanol. AB - The effects of prolonged ethanol administration (10% ethanol-water solution as the sole drinking fluid for 6 to 14 weeks) on brain ribosomes and tRNA were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. For comparison, liver ribosomes were also studied. The amounts of ribosomes in brain and liver and the proportion of the ribosomes in the form of polyribosomes were found to be essentially unaltered after 14 weeks of ethanol intake. In the brains of ethanol-treated animals, the total amount of unfractionated tRNA was slightly increased after 6 weeks. The acceptance of radioactive glutamic acid, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline and serine by tRNA was also unaltered. When the activities of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases specific for the six amino acids were studied in cross-over experiments, no changes were found. Comparison of the isoaccepting species of [14C]Met-, [14C]Leu- and [14C]Ser-tRNA by chromatography on benzoylated DEAE cellulose revealed significant alteration in the chromatographic profile of [14C]Leu-tRNA derived from the brains of the alcohol-treated rats. These results suggest that prolonged intake of relatively small amounts of ethanol is accompanied in rats by essentially no alterations in total amounts of brain and liver ribosomes, brain tRNA, or activities of several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. As demonstrated by the leucine tRNAs, however, the quantitative distribution of isoaccepting tRNA species may change. PMID- 6563358 TI - Your rights under the new Right-to-Know Law (c. 470). PMID- 6563359 TI - MCH nurses fight sexual abuse. PMID- 6563360 TI - A comparison of two methods of teaching. PMID- 6563361 TI - [Paralysing ischias]. PMID- 6563362 TI - [Organic nervous system lesion in diseases of the liver and biliary tract]. PMID- 6563363 TI - [Therapeutic massage in nervous system diseases]. PMID- 6563365 TI - [Art therapy in neuroses]. PMID- 6563364 TI - [Occupational therapy in psychiatry and neurology]. PMID- 6563366 TI - [Keeping occupied and occupational therapy in a department for the rehabilitative therapy of mental patients]. PMID- 6563367 TI - [Occupational therapy in a day hospital]. PMID- 6563368 TI - [Differentiated occupational therapy in a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6563369 TI - [Occupational therapy of patients with a history of cerebral circulatory disorder]. PMID- 6563370 TI - [Occupational and cultural therapy of older mental patients]. PMID- 6563371 TI - [Occupational therapy in treating epilepsy patients]. PMID- 6563372 TI - [Occupational therapy of epilepsy patients after surgical treatment]. PMID- 6563373 TI - [Occupational therapy in treating alcoholics]. PMID- 6563374 TI - [Types of work and regimen in the occupational therapy workshops of a psychoneurological dispensary]. PMID- 6563375 TI - [Bechterew's disease (clinical aspects and treatment)]. PMID- 6563376 TI - [New steam sterilizers]. PMID- 6563377 TI - [A problem in psychiatry]. PMID- 6563378 TI - [Neurological disorders in lesions of the hypothalamus]. PMID- 6563379 TI - ["My treatment is simple, Your Excellency . . ."]. PMID- 6563380 TI - Enhancement of Newcastle disease virus-induced fusion of mouse L cells by sodium vanadate. AB - Sodium vanadate enhanced Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced cell fusion in L cells, and there was a direct correlation between the degree of cell fusion and the dose of vanadate added. When anti-F protein of NDV monospecific antiserum was added to the culture fluid of L cells infected with NDV, the enhancement of cell fusion was suppressed. In contrast, neither anti-HN nor anti-M protein monospecific antiserum inhibited the enhancement. Incubation at low temperature (4 C) and addition of sodium azide to the culture fluid suppressed the enhancement. The suppression by azide was seen only when the drug was added within 5 min after the beginning of incubation of NDV-infected L cells with vanadate. On the other hand, incubation at low temperature inhibited the enhancement at any time during incubation with vanadate. Cytochalasin D also inhibited the enhancement if it was added at any time during incubation with vanadate. PMID- 6563381 TI - Children and doctors. Only when it hurts: an 8-year-old's view of medicine. PMID- 6563382 TI - Aspects of geriatrics. Old age abuse. PMID- 6563383 TI - When your patient asks about alternative medicine. PMID- 6563384 TI - Resuscitation of the newborn. PMID- 6563385 TI - Operating theatre staffing. PMID- 6563386 TI - Brazilian bonanza. PMID- 6563387 TI - How can computers be used in the operating department? PMID- 6563388 TI - Interview. PMID- 6563389 TI - Career trajectory nursing: the Randice Approach. PMID- 6563390 TI - Leadership styles: a survey. PMID- 6563391 TI - Time management for career development. PMID- 6563392 TI - When leaders step down. PMID- 6563393 TI - Results of ANS dress survey: a uniform view. PMID- 6563394 TI - Today's students, tomorrow's leaders. PMID- 6563396 TI - If health for all is to be realised each must learn from the other; countries must cooperate. PMID- 6563395 TI - Trials and tribulations of health and safety representatives. PMID- 6563397 TI - Spotlight on the work of the ICN Professional Services Committee. Human rights is a worldwide problem. PMID- 6563398 TI - Tailor care programmes to needs. PMID- 6563400 TI - Nursing ethics and the ethics of nursing. PMID- 6563399 TI - Not in front of the patients. PMID- 6563401 TI - Nurse adviser, Primary Health Care Society warns we must not miss the 'epidemiological thinking boat'. PMID- 6563402 TI - Planning for the future. New-look network for the College's regional structure in England. Aim is to serve every member more effectively. PMID- 6563403 TI - Rapid growth rate of the RCN. PMID- 6563404 TI - Fury simmers as members wait for Whitsun on pay. PMID- 6563405 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Unity the key not the end. PMID- 6563407 TI - It's a bit like new school shoes. PMID- 6563406 TI - Bright, bold, strong. PMID- 6563408 TI - Student voice. PMID- 6563409 TI - Packed programme of RCN courses. PMID- 6563410 TI - Review of the work of the NSC for nurses and midwives. PMID- 6563411 TI - The NSC is fighting for its survival as an independent body. PMID- 6563412 TI - Conservative group support case to accept PRB's proposal. PMID- 6563413 TI - Trevor Clay assures that College is geared to act if PM falls over pay, but warns...pressure now could do harm. PMID- 6563414 TI - Council discusses education cuts. Review not soon enough. PMID- 6563416 TI - Nurse adviser, Society of Geriatric Nursing, discusses middle age. I'm on the brink of the time of my life. PMID- 6563415 TI - Qualified staff should do drug rounds. Drug administration by auxiliaries must cease. PMID- 6563417 TI - Self restraint brings an advantage. PMID- 6563418 TI - Administering drugs safely: alone--or in pairs? PMID- 6563419 TI - NHS has been a successful system. PMID- 6563420 TI - OH Society votes overwhelmingly in favour of a statutory qualification. PMID- 6563421 TI - Parliamentary concern in wake of RCN evidence: MPs push to improve community staff levels. PMID- 6563422 TI - UKCC warned on issue of responsibility and accountability. Urgent need to vest nurses with real authority. PMID- 6563423 TI - Must improve conditions of service for practical work teachers. Something has to be done. PMID- 6563424 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Simple creed. PMID- 6563425 TI - Prepare arrows to fire next year. PMID- 6563426 TI - RCN policies are as they are until members want them changed. PMID- 6563427 TI - Lynch pin in caring. PMID- 6563428 TI - Passionate plea to a future nurse. PMID- 6563429 TI - Violence and nursing. PMID- 6563430 TI - Royal College of Nursing: now a reality. PMID- 6563431 TI - Germ of interest rarely seems to grow to fruition. PMID- 6563432 TI - Strive towards a new identity. PMID- 6563433 TI - Is anyone listening? PMID- 6563434 TI - Shaping up to a new tomorrow. PMID- 6563435 TI - Silicone catheters. Patient teaching pamphlet. PMID- 6563436 TI - Patient teaching. Side effects of chemotherapy. PMID- 6563437 TI - I.V. therapy examination. PMID- 6563438 TI - Correlates of I.V. phlebitis. PMID- 6563439 TI - Effects of change of position on pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in mechanically ventilated patients. PMID- 6563440 TI - Credentialing for I.V. nurses. PMID- 6563442 TI - Premature ventricular contractions: when to sound the alarm (continuing education). PMID- 6563444 TI - Anaphylaxis: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6563443 TI - 6 very good reasons why we react differently to various dying patients. PMID- 6563445 TI - Streamlining your suctioning techniques. Part 2. Endotracheal suctioning. PMID- 6563446 TI - On life - and death - and dots. PMID- 6563447 TI - Winning the battle against incontinence. PMID- 6563448 TI - Managing the patient with concurrent life-threatening conditions (nursing grand rounds). PMID- 6563449 TI - New drugs. PMID- 6563451 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Equipment and products. PMID- 6563450 TI - When dreams die. PMID- 6563452 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Disinfection and sterilization. PMID- 6563453 TI - Amnesia - towards a cure? PMID- 6563454 TI - Confusion in the elderly. PMID- 6563455 TI - Drug dependence. PMID- 6563456 TI - Glue sniffing - a study. PMID- 6563457 TI - Anaesthesia. PMID- 6563458 TI - Drugs and mood changes. PMID- 6563459 TI - Equipment and products in occupational health nursing. PMID- 6563460 TI - Clinical standards in occupational health nursing. PMID- 6563461 TI - Circulation - an overview. PMID- 6563462 TI - Coronary heart disease - aetiology, pathology, and clinical features. PMID- 6563463 TI - Myocardial infarction: a personal account and nursing comments. PMID- 6563464 TI - Rehabilitation following myocardial infarction. PMID- 6563465 TI - Congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock - drug therapy. PMID- 6563466 TI - Lords call for massive expansion of OH services. PMID- 6563467 TI - Environmental investigation and control. 2. Assessment and action--II. PMID- 6563469 TI - Occupational health nursing in the Philippines. PMID- 6563468 TI - Counselling: the case of Tom Jenkins. 3. Analysis of the first interview. PMID- 6563470 TI - Counselling: the case of Tom Jenkins. PMID- 6563471 TI - A methodology for defining the job description of the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6563472 TI - Medical surveillance--which tests? PMID- 6563473 TI - The nurse's role in medical surveillance. PMID- 6563474 TI - The puzzling case of the "SOB" (State Office Building). PMID- 6563475 TI - The nursing process and program planning. PMID- 6563476 TI - A theoretical framework for occupational health program evaluation. PMID- 6563477 TI - Cholinesterase inhibition: the unknown danger. PMID- 6563479 TI - Taking charge of yourself. PMID- 6563478 TI - Occupational health problems in high tech industries. PMID- 6563481 TI - Recommended program for employees exposed to extremes of heat. PMID- 6563480 TI - Effect of nurses' attitudes toward alcoholism on their referral rate for treatment. PMID- 6563482 TI - Exclusionary employment policies for female industrial workers. PMID- 6563483 TI - Day care--social, emotional and intellectual effect. PMID- 6563484 TI - A study to identify family crises themes: initiation of the nursing research process. PMID- 6563485 TI - Community relations in an industrial emergency. PMID- 6563486 TI - Community planning for disasters. PMID- 6563488 TI - Stress reduction for the critical care nurse: a stress education program. PMID- 6563487 TI - Behavioral treatment of obesity: the occupational health nurse's role. PMID- 6563489 TI - Operating room workers: between Scylla and Charybdis. PMID- 6563490 TI - The comparison of State and Trait anxiety scores of managerial and non-managerial personnel when controlling for stressful life events. PMID- 6563491 TI - Psych-mental health sharing column: community support system--a network of caring. PMID- 6563492 TI - [Nursing personnel stand up for better health]. PMID- 6563493 TI - [Healthy children--our wealth]. PMID- 6563495 TI - [An annoying nuisance--head lice]. PMID- 6563494 TI - [The family as promoter of health education in preschool age]. PMID- 6563496 TI - Recognizing addiction in nurses. PMID- 6563497 TI - Facilitating the gift of life: what every nurse should know about organ donation and transplantation. PMID- 6563498 TI - Women are paid less than men. Solution? Comparable worth! PMID- 6563499 TI - Analysis of variance and covariance. PMID- 6563500 TI - Chondromalacia patella. PMID- 6563501 TI - Chondromalacia of the patella. PMID- 6563502 TI - Determination of ideal body weight and nutritional requirements post amputation. PMID- 6563503 TI - Paget's disease. PMID- 6563504 TI - The emergence of corporate medicine. PMID- 6563505 TI - Success in Missouri: court recognition of nurses' independent and collaborative roles. PMID- 6563506 TI - The 1983 NAPNAP membership survey. PMID- 6563507 TI - Trends in pediatric nurse practitioner education and employment. PMID- 6563508 TI - On their own: latchkey children. PMID- 6563509 TI - Overfeeding in infancy: the early introduction of solid foods. PMID- 6563510 TI - Fragile-X syndrome: an overview. PMID- 6563511 TI - Nursing faculty practice. PMID- 6563512 TI - A descriptive study of school injuries in a Canadian region. PMID- 6563513 TI - Childhood depression: development of a screening tool. PMID- 6563514 TI - Pediatric management problems: Osgood-Schlatter disease. PMID- 6563515 TI - What prophylactic measures are recommended for persons exposed to hepatitis? PMID- 6563516 TI - Practice management: the nurtured boss. PMID- 6563517 TI - Activity of classical and alternative pathways of complement in preterm and small for gestational age infants. AB - Complement activity was compared in 50 low birth weight infants divided into appropriate and small for gestational age groups; the influence of birth weight and gestational age on complement development was also investigated. CH50 and kinetics (tH50) of both classical and alternative pathway activity of complement, C3, and Factor B levels were significantly higher in small for gestational age infants (classical pathway CH50, 630 HU/ml +/- 184 SD; CP tH50, 77 min +/- 47; aternative pathway CH50, 44.8 HU/ml +/- 11.3; AP tH50, 56 min +/- 43; C3, 73.98 mg/dl +/- 12.68; and Factor B, 13.17 mg/dl +/- 3.67) than in weight-matched appropriate for gestational age infants (CP CH50, 523 HU/ml +/- 152; CP tH50, 105 min +/- 49; AP CH50, 38.8 HU/ml +/- 13; AP tH50, 90 min +/- 53; C3, 58.14 mg/dl +/- 9.43; and Factor B, 9.32 mg/dl +/- 1.73). Complement values were lower in low birth weight infants than in adult controls (P less than 0.001 in all cases). All complement parameters were mainly correlated with gestational age; CH50 values of the classical and alternative pathways were also highly correlated with each other (r = 0.64; P less than 0.001). Low birth weight infants, especially preterm infants, have an important defect of complement activity. Complement factors increase gradually during gestation and intrauterine growth retardation does not affect complement development. Classical and alternative complement pathway activities have a similar development pattern. PMID- 6563519 TI - Position statement on nursing licensure. PMID- 6563518 TI - Maternal corticosteroid therapy and the fetal brain in experimental hyaline membrane disease. AB - The possible acute deleterious effects of maternal glucocorticoid administration on the fetal nervous system and the pathologic significance of sudanophilic lipids in glial cells were studied in the premature pigtail monkey (macaca mulatta). At 72, 48, and 24 h before delivery at 135 +/- 1 d gestation, dams were treated with either 4 mg dexamethasone or saline. After delivery, respiratory function of each fetus was determined and supported. The animals were sacrificed at 3 h of age. Brain weights were similar in the two groups. Dark, shrunken, pyknotic neurons were present in the hippocampus of three treated and two control animals. Lipid-containing glial cells were present in all animals. Neither appeared to be related to steroid treatment or to the degree of respiratory distress. We conclude that short-term glucocorticoid therapy in doses analogous to those used in humans for the prevention of hyaline membrane disease does not result in acute neuronal damage. Sudanophilic lipid accumulation in glial cells is not always abnormal and must be distinguished from glial fatty metamorphosis. PMID- 6563520 TI - Your career in nursing. PMID- 6563521 TI - Nursing may be hazardous to your health. PMID- 6563522 TI - Coping with the birth of an anomalous infant. PMID- 6563523 TI - Sick/well self-concept adaptations in adults with diabetes. PMID- 6563524 TI - Factors influencing dietary adherence as perceived by patients on long-term intermittent peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6563526 TI - Schizophrenia and the effect of patient education. PMID- 6563525 TI - Issues in coping research. PMID- 6563527 TI - Physiological effects of human/companion animal bonding. AB - Blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded in 24 subjects during 3 9-minute measurement sessions in which they petted an unknown dog, petted a dog with whom a companion bond had been established, or read quietly. Based on the findings of this study, several conclusions were drawn: (1) There is a significant difference in changes over time in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure between petting a dog with whom a companion bond has been established and petting a dog with whom no bond exists; (2) the decreases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure that occur during petting a dog with whom a companion bond has been established parallel the relaxation effect of quiet reading; and (3) there is a " greeting response" to the entry of a dog with whom a companion bond has been established, which results in significantly higher systolic and diastolic pressures than the response either to an unknown dog or to reading. PMID- 6563528 TI - Morale and perceived control in institutionalized elderly. AB - This study explored patterns of causal relationships among perception of situational control, health, socioeconomic status, functional dependency, length of stay, and morale in institutionalized elderly. Causal patterns in residents at two levels of care were contrasted. A total of 113 residents on intermediate and skilled care units chosen randomly from 4 urban proprietary nursing homes were studied. Variables were measured by means of an interview. Instruments included the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale, Chang's Situational Control of Daily Activities Scale, and the Resident's Questionnaire. Path analysis was used with a causal model to estimate direct and indirect effects of the independent variables on morale. Important differences in the way the independent variables affected morale for residents on the two levels of care were reported. Perception of situational control proved to be a key variable, significantly related to the morale of residents on both levels of care, although the strength of the association was stronger for residents on skilled care. Functional dependency, health, and socioeconomic status had significant direct effects on the morale of residents on intermediate care but not those on skilled care. PMID- 6563529 TI - Depression as an explanation for decreased subjective time in the elderly. AB - This study focuses on the occurrence of depression in the elderly as an explanation for conflicting findings regarding subjective time in this age group. Subjects were volunteers from a congregate meal program in central Pennsylvania. The sample (N = 68) was restricted to women over 65 years of age. Depression was measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Subjective time was determined by having the subject give a production estimate of an interval of 40 seconds. Analysis of data, which showed a correlation coefficient of 0.35 (p less than .002) between depression and subjective time, supports the hypothesis that depression is related to decreased subjective time. The finding provides a tentative explanation for deviations from the demonstrated trend toward increased subjective time with aging. PMID- 6563530 TI - Alterations in circadian excretion of urinary variables and physiological indicators of stress following surgery. AB - Alterations in level, timing, and coupling of circadian excretion of catecholamine metabolites, adrenal cortical hormones, sodium, potassium, creatinine, and vital signs in acute-care surgical patients were measured. Data were examined to determine if a relationship exists between the degree of circadian alteration and the subject's reentrainment to typical circadian profiles. Urine samples for assay, temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure were collected daily at 2-hour intervals from 11 consenting surgery subjects and 10 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The data indicate that certain circadian rhythms of hospitalized subjects were altered and uncoupled from external stimuli. These findings suggest that nurses (1) give individualized patient care to promote reentrainment recovery; and (2) refine nursing assessment to consider individual circadian patterns. PMID- 6563531 TI - Preadmission self-instruction booklets, postadmission exercise performance, and teaching time. AB - The relative effects of preadmission self-instructional information on levels of performance and time needed to achieve level of mastery of exercise behaviors were examined using a sample of 130 presurgical cholecystectomy and herniorrhaphy patients. Experimental interventions were (1) no preadmission information, (2) specific preadmission instructions, and (3) nonspecific preadmission instructions. Preadmission instructions consisting of either a specific or nonspecific booklet mailed to patients focused on techniques for coughing, deep breathing exercises leg movements, and ambulatory behaviors. During hospitalization, patients' exercise behaviors and the length of teaching time required for patients to perform the exercise steps were measured. Findings showed that subjects in the specific exercise instruction group performed significantly more of the exercise behaviors common to both booklets than subjects in the nonspecific exercise instruction group. Subjects in the specific instruction group also performed significantly more of the behaviors available to them than the nonspecific instruction group. Required postadmission teaching time did not differ significantly between the specific and nonspecific information groups, but both the groups required significantly less teaching time in the hospital than the no-preadmission instruction group. PMID- 6563532 TI - The measurement of clinical pain. AB - Major problems in the measurement of clinical pain are created because of (1) its subjective nature, (2) a limited number of reliable and valid instruments that measure the experience, and (3) a multitude of clinical issues such as type of pain, cause, and patient sample characteristics. Instruments currently available measure intensity, behavioral and/or physiologic phenomena associated with pain, and multiple dimensions of the experience of clinical pain. Important factors the nurse must consider when selecting a measuring instrument are the various definitions of pain, the goals of the measurement problem, and the type of pain being measured. Additional factors are specific sample characteristics, ease of administration and scoring, and reliability and validity data. A careful and deliberative selection process should help provide useful and relevant information. PMID- 6563533 TI - Psychometric assessment of the Jalowiec Coping Scale. AB - The Jalowiec Coping Scale consists of 40 coping behaviors culled from a comprehensive literature review, which are rated on a 1- to 5-point scale to indicate degree of use. Twenty judges classified the items to permit analysis of the coping behaviors according to a problem-oriented/affective-oriented dichotomy; 15 problem and 25 affective items resulted. Overall agreement by the judges was 85%, with greater consensus on problem items. Evaluation of stability using a two-week retest interval (N = 28) yielded significant rhos of .79 for total coping scores, .85 for problem, and .86 for affective. With a one-month interval (N = 30) coefficients were .78, .84, and .83, respectively. Alpha reliability coefficients of .86 (N = 141) and .85 (N = 150) supported instrument homogeneity. Content validity is substantiated by the systematic manner of tool development, by the large number of items used, and by the inclusion of diverse coping behaviors. Factor analysis (N = 141) was used to investigate construct validity. A two-factor solution to evaluate the validity of the dichotomous classification showed that 80% of the problem items loaded on Factor I, but only 56% of the affective items loaded on Factor II. To examine this multidimensional aspect, several other factor solutions were explored. Ultimately, the four-factor solution provided the most intelligible conceptual pattern with the least loss of information. Conceptual composition of these factors is discussed, and several tentative labels for each factor are suggested. PMID- 6563534 TI - Effectiveness of health promotion interventions. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine whether patients who participated in an intervention program would improve exercise and foot-care habits, reduce smoking, and would, in turn, have fewer PVD-related illnesses than patients not exposed to the intervention. Eighty-six patients with ankle/brachial pressure indices of less than 1.0 on one or both legs were randomly assigned to a study (N = 42) or control (N = 44) group. All patients were assessed on a variety of health-related and activity behaviors prior to and again 26 weeks after enrollment in the study. Study patients who participated in the intervention worked with professionals on selecting programs designed to modify and improve their smoking, exercise, and/or foot-care habits. At the end of 26 weeks, chi-square analysis showed no significant differences between study and control groups on change in smoking and foot care, although the results were in the anticipated direction. Study patients who chose to increase their exercise showed greater increase than control patients in frequency (p = .001), distance (p = .007), and length (p = .002) of walks. Although behaviors were modified, especially in the area of exercise, it was felt that longer interventions on a larger sample size are needed. PMID- 6563536 TI - Knowledge of medical terminology among hospital patients. PMID- 6563535 TI - A conceptual explanation of risk-reduction behavior and intervention development. AB - This study used a new conceptual model of health behavior to examine a specific risk-reduction response. Known to be at risk for fetal abnormalities because of maternal age, 203 women were examined for their acceptance or rejection of an amniocentesis test on the basis of individual characteristics and external significant factors. The multivariate approach to analysis offered a fuller explanation for nonuse of prenatal diagnosis than was previously available. In addition to specific client factors, environmental factors such as financial support for the procedure, multiple information sources, social support, and aspects of the client-provider interaction were determined to be important in explaining client acceptance or rejection of the test. More importantly, the study demonstrated the advantages of using a conceptual model to direct the development of interventions. PMID- 6563537 TI - Evaluating change using noninterval data. PMID- 6563538 TI - The politics of smoking: health versus wealth. PMID- 6563539 TI - Why nurses fear Scottish restructuring. PMID- 6563540 TI - The nursing process debate: is nursing any business of doctors? PMID- 6563542 TI - The nurse's tale: health visitor and nursing officer. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6563541 TI - The nursing process debate. Two. Doctors can work with the nursing process: a reply to Professor Mitchell. PMID- 6563544 TI - Psychoanalytical contributions to mental handicap. PMID- 6563543 TI - Accidental poisoning. PMID- 6563546 TI - Community nursing. Two. The community psychiatric nurse and the elderly. PMID- 6563545 TI - Community nursing. One. Liaison health visitor. PMID- 6563548 TI - Quality assurance. PMID- 6563549 TI - Nurses and pain. PMID- 6563547 TI - Holistic health. Six. In your hands. PMID- 6563551 TI - Systems of life No 113. Setting up the systems. 13. PMID- 6563550 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Nine. Who stops smoking in pregnancy? PMID- 6563552 TI - Heroin: chasing the dragon. PMID- 6563553 TI - Deafness: is anyone listening out there? PMID- 6563554 TI - Cystic fibrosis. One. Supporting the parents. PMID- 6563555 TI - Staffing in neonatal units. PMID- 6563557 TI - The nursing process debate. Three. Defending the process. PMID- 6563556 TI - Near-miss sudden infant death. PMID- 6563558 TI - The outcome of pregnancy--what can we learn from official statistics? PMID- 6563559 TI - Activities of living. Four. Problems of elimination and nutrition. PMID- 6563560 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Ten. Coping strategies of mothers of toddlers. PMID- 6563561 TI - Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Hand-washing in hospital wards. PMID- 6563562 TI - Journal of Infection Control Nursing. Protective clothing--what do we use and when? PMID- 6563563 TI - Profile: portrait of a professional. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6563565 TI - Schoolgirl mothers. PMID- 6563564 TI - Rayner: jobs on the line. PMID- 6563566 TI - The splinter effect. PMID- 6563567 TI - Cystic fibrosis. Two. The primary care team's role. PMID- 6563568 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Eleven. Oral rehydration in Trinidad and Tobago. PMID- 6563569 TI - Oral care for the cancer chemotherapy patient. PMID- 6563570 TI - Steps towards Korner. PMID- 6563571 TI - Mental health nursing. Whatever became of Jay? PMID- 6563572 TI - Mental health nursing. Sex education and the mentally handicapped. PMID- 6563573 TI - Mental health nursing. Self-injurious behaviour. PMID- 6563575 TI - Symposium on health promotion. PMID- 6563574 TI - Mental health nursing. A question of confidentiality. PMID- 6563576 TI - Wellness throughout the maternity cycle. AB - Family-centered maternity care, increased patient participation, and the explosion of childbirth preparation and family-life education programs are viewed as positive influences toward wellness in childbearing and childrearing. Negative influences that increase stress and disrupt health care supervision include the efforts of women to combine career and motherhood, the high mobility of today's society, inadequate distribution of health care services related to financial and geographic barriers and lack of preparation for parenting. Professionals in health care services, nurses specifically as key contact persons, are challenged to develop and to promote patient participation in preconceptual educational programs to provide the following: information to foster healthier lifestyle patterns and expectations of the childbearing and childrearing life experiences; discussion groups for peer support; and skills practice sessions to allay anxiety and frustration of newborn and child caretaking. Home health care for post-partum mothers and newborns is considered an essential nursing service that becomes even more essential with early discharge plans. Incorporation of nurse midwives into the health team is viewed as a positive step toward reducing financial and geographic barriers to ongoing, quality maternal-child health supervision. PMID- 6563577 TI - Health promotion for the well family. PMID- 6563578 TI - A case for health promotion with the elderly. PMID- 6563579 TI - Maintaining wellness. Yours and theirs. PMID- 6563580 TI - Lifestyle assessment. A tool for practice. AB - Examining a patient's lifestyle becomes imperative in a health-promotion and disease-prevention practice. A recently developed, practical lifestyle assessment tool is the Health Risk Appraisal (HRA), which examines the strengths and weaknesses of a patient's health behaviors. An HRA identifies detrimental health practices that predispose a patient to onset of illness. HRA instruments estimate the odds that a person with a given set of characteristics will become ill or die from selected diseases during a specified period of time. The HRA consists of three components: (1) an intake instrument; (2) comparison of patient data with normed data and weighting of patient data to estimate risk; and (3) an individual risk appraisal or output instrument. Users of the tool advocate that best results occur when the HRA is used in combination with other strategies such as health counseling and peer support. For the nurse, an overview of available tools and criteria for tool selection was discussed as well as pros and cons of the instrument. A model was presented that incorporated the use of HRAs with health contracting and health monitoring to assist motivated patients making long-term lifestyle changes. The professional nurse was urged to use and adapt this powerful tool to various practice settings. PMID- 6563581 TI - Symposium on pediatric care: psychosocial aspects. PMID- 6563582 TI - The hospitalization experience and single-parent families. A time of special vulnerability. AB - Hospitalization of a child is always stressful to families. For families without two parents to share the responsibilities and support one another, the stress is not easily borne. Furthermore, such families are likely to already have additional stresses related to the reason for the family breakup (divorce or death of a parent) and have the limited resources of single-parenthood: financial, social, time, and energy. If nurses and other health care personnel will evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these vulnerable families and offer support and workable solutions to relieve specific pressures, these families may cope with the stresses more competently and, indeed, may discover new resources within themselves, with their families, and with their nonfamily support systems that can be used again in times of crisis. Ultimately the competent family will be able to nurture the child optimally, no matter what the specific health problems. Therefore pediatric nurses supporting the family also support the hospitalized child. PMID- 6563583 TI - Ethical issues related to pediatric care. PMID- 6563584 TI - Sexual abuse of children. PMID- 6563585 TI - Children's concepts of death. Implications for pediatric practice. AB - This article has reviewed the developmental evolution of the concept of death in children. As has been illustrated, the child's perception of death is significantly different from that of adults and goes through several successive changes before the mature concept is grasped. Application has been demonstrated in reference to children who are hospitalized. Interventions that nurses can utilize to help children deal with their fears have been suggested. PMID- 6563586 TI - Therapeutic use of play in hospitals. AB - Play for most hospitalized children centers around self and stressful situations as perceived by the child and is restricted in terms of what the environment and physical limitations of the child present. Play can be a tool to understand and intervene with pediatric patients. Collaboration with nurses who are clinical specialists, early childhood educators, and others who have expert knowledge of children and play equipment is useful to plan purposeful play programs or play sessions for the special needs of hospitalized children. Such collaboration will insure that play will be carried out in a consistent growth-promoting manner. For some children, hospitalization is a challenging experience that promotes a sense of competence. For other children, hospitalization is an experience that results in a negative outcome. Nurses can use play to provide pediatric patients with emotional and cognitive growth-promoting activities which facilitate a more positive hospital experience and long-term outcome. PMID- 6563587 TI - Challenges of rearing a chronically ill child. Caring and coping. PMID- 6563588 TI - Meeting the psychosocial needs of teen-age mothers and fathers. AB - The long-term and short-term effects of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood are increasingly significant to all elements of society. The physical, emotional, social, educational, and economic outcomes affect not only the young parents and their children, but also impact on local communities and the nation as a whole. The broad social issues must be addressed through the combined efforts of many groups. The contribution of nursing can be enhanced by the application of a sound theory base and the incorporation of current research findings into individual practice settings. PMID- 6563589 TI - Strangling the baby. PMID- 6563590 TI - Research: priorities and progress. PMID- 6563591 TI - Clinical profile: anguish of an agony aunt. Interview by Cate Campbell. PMID- 6563592 TI - From team nursing to individual care. PMID- 6563593 TI - Hospital report: total reconstructive care. PMID- 6563594 TI - Education: getting to know you. PMID- 6563595 TI - Residents' council. PMID- 6563596 TI - Mother's anxiety may increase child's distress. PMID- 6563598 TI - Publish or be damned. PMID- 6563597 TI - Anatomy of the lens. PMID- 6563599 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Suggestions are welcome. PMID- 6563600 TI - So you think you are insured? PMID- 6563601 TI - A blow to the family budget. PMID- 6563602 TI - How drugs act. PMID- 6563604 TI - Ticket to the tropics. PMID- 6563603 TI - Osteoporosis and oestrogens. PMID- 6563606 TI - Five-star treatment. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6563605 TI - You and your profession. PMID- 6563607 TI - Keeping out of trouble. PMID- 6563608 TI - Structured professional development. PMID- 6563609 TI - Iveson's opinion. What makes your patients tick? PMID- 6563610 TI - Nursing care study: run off his feet. PMID- 6563612 TI - Nursing Mirror psychiatry forum. Alternatives to hospital: psychiatric day centres. PMID- 6563611 TI - Nursing Mirror psychiatry forum. Alternatives to hospital. PMID- 6563613 TI - Nursing Mirror psychiatry forum. Alternatives to hospital: liasing with the community. PMID- 6563614 TI - A way towards the best of both worlds? PMID- 6563615 TI - Education: transferring skills. PMID- 6563616 TI - The nurses' lot. PMID- 6563617 TI - Intravenous cutdown. PMID- 6563619 TI - Management: the process of recording. PMID- 6563618 TI - Nursing care study: "Like being hit by a hammer". PMID- 6563620 TI - Is consensus management doomed? PMID- 6563621 TI - Management: shared experience. PMID- 6563622 TI - [Frozen food and concentrates]. PMID- 6563623 TI - [Lady of the house]. PMID- 6563624 TI - [Volunteer work corps in the hospital]. PMID- 6563625 TI - [The patient with a cardiac pacemaker]. PMID- 6563626 TI - [The patient treated with permanent stimulation]. PMID- 6563627 TI - [Defenders of life (defensores vitae)]. PMID- 6563629 TI - [We started from the march... Interview by Wieslawa Jankowska]. PMID- 6563628 TI - [The highest honor]. PMID- 6563630 TI - [In the field. Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6563631 TI - [Degenerative changes in the hip joints]. PMID- 6563632 TI - [Vision and the driver's reflex]. PMID- 6563633 TI - [Rubella and pregnancy]. PMID- 6563634 TI - [In the matter of nursing care]. PMID- 6563635 TI - Burn care and the pediatric patient: a preliminary report. PMID- 6563636 TI - A retrospective review of patients receiving continuous morphine infusion. PMID- 6563637 TI - R.N. raped in parking lot: sovereign immunity. Case in point: Twente v. Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hosp. (665 S.W. 2d2-MO). PMID- 6563638 TI - Professional liability insurance: coverage applicable. Case in point: Am. Nurses Assn. v. Passaic Gen. Hosp. (471 A. 2d 66-NJ). PMID- 6563639 TI - Certification: answers to some questions. PMID- 6563640 TI - Rehabilitation nursing in action: O'Donoghue screening clinic. PMID- 6563641 TI - Oncology rehabilitation. PMID- 6563642 TI - Developing an independent training unit. PMID- 6563643 TI - The effect of vitamin C administration time on ascorbic acid tissue levels. PMID- 6563645 TI - [Digestive system: extrahepatic bile ducts (1). Anatomical review]. PMID- 6563644 TI - Resolving differences within the rehabilitation team. PMID- 6563646 TI - [Digestive system: extrahepatic bile ducts (2). Introduction to the pathology of obstruction]. PMID- 6563647 TI - [Surgical treatment of recurrent anterointernal luxation of the shoulder: costal reinforcement support]. PMID- 6563648 TI - [Anesthesia in surgery of the shoulder]. PMID- 6563649 TI - [Cuff syndrome and recurrent shoulder luxation]. PMID- 6563650 TI - [Postoperative monitoring of a patient with shoulder surgery]. PMID- 6563651 TI - [Rehabilitation of the shoulder following surgery via the anterior approach]. PMID- 6563652 TI - [Review of the functional anatomy of the shoulder]. PMID- 6563653 TI - [Operative positioning for surgery of the shoulder using the anterior approach]. PMID- 6563654 TI - [Surgical treatment of rupture of the cuff: anterosuperior arthrolysis]. PMID- 6563655 TI - [Extrahepatic biliary ducts (3). Introduction to exploratory tests]. PMID- 6563656 TI - [Abdominal aorta: aortography]. PMID- 6563657 TI - [Gastroduodenal ulcers: preoperative tests]. PMID- 6563658 TI - [Gastroduodenal ulcers. Surgical anatomy. Surgical technic]. PMID- 6563659 TI - [Role of the circulating nurse in surgery for gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6563661 TI - [Gastroduodenal ulcer: physiologic review]. PMID- 6563660 TI - [Anesthesia and recovery in digestive surgery for gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6563662 TI - [Medical monitoring of a surgical gastroduodenal patient]. PMID- 6563663 TI - [Surgical indications for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6563665 TI - [Psychology and management of chronic pain]. PMID- 6563664 TI - [Locoregional anesthesia of the upper limb]. PMID- 6563666 TI - [Breathing and feeding oneself at Margency]. PMID- 6563667 TI - [Cough]. PMID- 6563668 TI - [Pneumopathies due to intermediate bacteria]. PMID- 6563669 TI - [Coronary artery spasm: occurrence, diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6563670 TI - [A nurse with the Afghan refugees. Interview by Benedicte Surin]. PMID- 6563671 TI - [To inform]. PMID- 6563672 TI - [Rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 6563673 TI - [When should the milk for an infant be changed?]. PMID- 6563674 TI - [Infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6563675 TI - [Blood collection]. PMID- 6563676 TI - [In line with the present: an interview with the Director General of Health: Professor Roux]. PMID- 6563678 TI - [Vitamins (I)]. PMID- 6563677 TI - [Nursing care]. PMID- 6563679 TI - [Nursing, medicine and society in 1984]. PMID- 6563680 TI - [Ambulatory nursing. Revitalization of a dormant past]. PMID- 6563681 TI - [Continued education course for ATS (technical health assistants): a study of the curriculum]. PMID- 6563682 TI - [Current nursing: analysis and perspectives]. PMID- 6563683 TI - [Orientation program for recently-licensed nurses]. PMID- 6563684 TI - [Nursing within the social ecosystem]. PMID- 6563685 TI - [Evaluation of nursing work in health centers]. PMID- 6563686 TI - [Quality control in nursing services]. PMID- 6563687 TI - [A new task: patient education]. PMID- 6563688 TI - [Cardiac catheterization in hemodynamic studies]. PMID- 6563689 TI - The recovery room: off limits to the family? PMID- 6563690 TI - The legal boobytraps in nursing standards. PMID- 6563691 TI - Getting organized--at last! PMID- 6563692 TI - When a surgical wound bursts. PMID- 6563693 TI - Helpful exercises for your COPD patient. PMID- 6563694 TI - Calcium blockers: the important differences. PMID- 6563695 TI - Specialism: the best career path? PMID- 6563696 TI - A new approach for problem IV dressings. PMID- 6563697 TI - Emergency! Dealing with abrasions and lacerations. PMID- 6563698 TI - Fired! What to do if it happens to you. PMID- 6563699 TI - Are you missing what your patients can teach you? PMID- 6563700 TI - Nursing is still considered "woman's work". PMID- 6563701 TI - Caring for yourself comes first. PMID- 6563702 TI - Excretory urogram and pyelogram. PMID- 6563703 TI - [Integrated hospital and health care in Finland]. PMID- 6563704 TI - [Grief over those who are not there]. PMID- 6563706 TI - [The French district nurse]. PMID- 6563705 TI - [Inservice training--role of the nursing instructor]. PMID- 6563707 TI - [Pregnancy and alcohol abuse]. PMID- 6563708 TI - [Individualized care planning with documentation]. PMID- 6563709 TI - [Incontinence - residual urine, model for self care in primary health care]. PMID- 6563710 TI - [Child health care in Nigeria]. PMID- 6563711 TI - [Glimpse from Tanzania]. PMID- 6563712 TI - [Rehabilitation of torture victims]. PMID- 6563713 TI - [To undergo surgery--reflections from a hospital bed]. PMID- 6563714 TI - [Acute otitis in children. Clinical diagnosis]. PMID- 6563715 TI - ["Abuser - abused": various guidelines for a psychoanalytic approach]. PMID- 6563716 TI - [Screening for and prevention of child abuse in the maternity department]. PMID- 6563717 TI - [Abused children. Foreword]. PMID- 6563718 TI - [The nurse and the child victim of cruelty. Experience of a pediatric hospital team]. PMID- 6563719 TI - [Abusive treatment of children: legislation, characteristics, assumption of responsibility]. PMID- 6563720 TI - [Circumstances under which abuse happens]. PMID- 6563721 TI - [Clinical aspects of abuse]. PMID- 6563722 TI - [Contribution of the systematic approach to the activities of a nurse of the psychiatric sector]. PMID- 6563723 TI - [An introductory experience to the systematic approach in a psychiatric institutional environment]. PMID- 6563724 TI - [The systematic approach to nonvoluntary families]. PMID- 6563725 TI - [A case report: the family "snowball"]. PMID- 6563726 TI - [Family therapy in the practice with children]. PMID- 6563727 TI - [Alcohol, challenge or defeat. The alcoholic and his family: systematic approach]. PMID- 6563728 TI - [A violent pregnancy or the impossible birth]. PMID- 6563729 TI - [History and practice of a systematic application in a psychiatric sector]. PMID- 6563730 TI - [Laroxyl]. PMID- 6563731 TI - [Cyclic character and melancholic type]. PMID- 6563732 TI - [Hysteric and dependent personality]. PMID- 6563733 TI - [Narcissistic and borderline personality]. PMID- 6563734 TI - [Psychopathic personality]. PMID- 6563735 TI - [Obsessional and psychasthenic personality]. PMID- 6563736 TI - [Pathological personalities today]. PMID- 6563737 TI - [Schizoid personality]. PMID- 6563738 TI - [Sensitive and paranoid personality]. PMID- 6563739 TI - [Reflections on the status of aged persons]. PMID- 6563740 TI - [Phobic and anxious personality]. PMID- 6563741 TI - [Clinical aspects of diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563743 TI - [Course of diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563742 TI - [Special clinical forms of diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563744 TI - [Complementary studies in diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563745 TI - [The normal aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563746 TI - [Preoperative evaluation in diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563747 TI - [Treatment of diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563748 TI - [Operative indications in diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563749 TI - [Diseases of the aortic orifice. Care and monitoring upon return from surgery]. PMID- 6563750 TI - [Mrs. L.'s aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6563751 TI - [Pathological anatomy and etiology of diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563752 TI - [Physiopathology of diseases of the aortic orifice]. PMID- 6563753 TI - [Digoxin]. PMID- 6563754 TI - [Etiology of congenital cardiopathies and genetic counseling]. PMID- 6563755 TI - [Diagnostic methods in pediatric cardiology]. PMID- 6563756 TI - [Care of cardiac children]. PMID- 6563757 TI - [Medical monitoring and social rehabilitation of the surgical patient]. PMID- 6563758 TI - [Major congenital cardiopathies. Description and basis of treatment]. PMID- 6563759 TI - [Life of cardiac children]. PMID- 6563761 TI - [Catalgine]. PMID- 6563760 TI - [Simple transposition of the great vessels and interauricular communication]. PMID- 6563762 TI - [Severe asthma in children]. PMID- 6563763 TI - [Allergologic procedures: reformation of concepts]. PMID- 6563764 TI - [The role of psychological factors in allergic diseases]. PMID- 6563765 TI - [Allergologic procedures. Usual aspects]. PMID- 6563767 TI - [A case report: history of Pierre suffering from eczema]. PMID- 6563766 TI - [The nurse facing eczema]. PMID- 6563768 TI - [Dynamics of methods of maternal lactation]. PMID- 6563769 TI - [Asthma and allergy]. PMID- 6563770 TI - [Respiratory function studies]. PMID- 6563771 TI - [Modernization. Changeovers in primary education of the purest water]. PMID- 6563772 TI - [Now education is the first stronghold in hygiene nurses]. PMID- 6563773 TI - [Executive Board. Developments in the primary care field under scrutiny]. PMID- 6563774 TI - [Research projects evaluation and support of their quality]. PMID- 6563775 TI - [Economics. It pays to work together]. PMID- 6563776 TI - [Modernization. Minister: I can work better without it costing more. Interview by Soren Palsbo]. PMID- 6563777 TI - [Modernization. Influence presupposes a broad commitment]. PMID- 6563779 TI - [Death and dying. We must all learn to satisfy the greater needs until the last time]. PMID- 6563778 TI - [Information activities. Nurses have success with own radio broadcasts]. PMID- 6563780 TI - [Executive Board. Nurses' arguments shall be heard in time]. PMID- 6563781 TI - [The psychological work environment should be alright also]. PMID- 6563782 TI - [Nursing research. Aim at goals while raising the quality of nursing care]. PMID- 6563783 TI - [Current placing of health occupation education]. PMID- 6563784 TI - [Saudi Arabia. A nearly fully opened hospital in the desert for 3 years]. PMID- 6563785 TI - [Saudi Arabia. When women care for men they are given a low social status]. PMID- 6563786 TI - [In the long run it is cheaper with the more expensive diapers]. PMID- 6563787 TI - [Health system. This is how the primary care sector is appreciated by the consumer]. PMID- 6563788 TI - [A development nurses will support]. PMID- 6563789 TI - [Psychology. Young and with stoma surgery--what does it mean sexually and socially?]. PMID- 6563791 TI - [Continuing education. A tool for personal and professional development]. PMID- 6563790 TI - [Nursing research. Can we and will we use this tool in the evaluation of nursing?]. PMID- 6563792 TI - [3 FTF (Joint Council for Civil Servants and Functionaries) organizations cooperate for a stronger regional FTF]. PMID- 6563793 TI - [Nursing care. Scheme which will raise activity level and improve care]. PMID- 6563794 TI - [Can a nursing care model be used in practice and ensure better care?]. PMID- 6563795 TI - [Executive Board. Final touch to the material for the 1984 congress]. PMID- 6563796 TI - [Death and dying. Patients who live till the end]. PMID- 6563797 TI - [We will study EDP in nursing in USA and Canada. Interview by Lene S. Garden]. PMID- 6563798 TI - [Health Administration. Breast feeding should be continued, considered the best infant nutrition]. PMID- 6563799 TI - [Self care. We risk masking society-related causes of disease]. PMID- 6563800 TI - [Ethics. Is nursing today ethically accountable?]. PMID- 6563801 TI - When disaster strikes, nurses are there. PMID- 6563802 TI - Examining assumptions about continuing education. PMID- 6563803 TI - [Euthanasia in the hospital]. PMID- 6563804 TI - [Pleasure in nursing. The work attitude of nursing in psychogeriatric nursing homes]. PMID- 6563805 TI - [Standards and regulations in the therapeutic environment. II]. PMID- 6563806 TI - [A Hindu becomes sick and dies]. PMID- 6563807 TI - [Care and appreciation. Relationship between level of care and respect for nurses]. PMID- 6563808 TI - [Facing death together]. PMID- 6563810 TI - [When one of your relatives has died...]. PMID- 6563809 TI - [Anja did not return]. PMID- 6563811 TI - [Stoma care]. PMID- 6563812 TI - [Budgeting in health facilities]. PMID- 6563813 TI - [This is how patients can feel. Worries about the first day]. PMID- 6563814 TI - [Medical information for nurses. The patient with multiple injuries. IV. Rehabilitation]. PMID- 6563815 TI - Surgery for dental function: the team approach to Le Forte I osteotomy. PMID- 6563816 TI - Caring for those who wait. PMID- 6563817 TI - Legal implications of O.R. laser use. PMID- 6563818 TI - When cancer strikes: nursing strategy for partial glossectomy. PMID- 6563819 TI - [A brief guide to designing research proposals]. PMID- 6563820 TI - [Adolescent fertility]. PMID- 6563821 TI - [Psychological factors affecting obesity]. PMID- 6563822 TI - [Nursing problems, problem-solving approach and decision making]. PMID- 6563824 TI - [How to choose a leadership style]. PMID- 6563823 TI - [Nursing care in poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6563825 TI - [Psychiatric nursing and behavior therapy. I]. PMID- 6563826 TI - [Participative administration and decision making in nursing education]. PMID- 6563827 TI - [Rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease in children. I]. PMID- 6563828 TI - [A group study of nurses]. PMID- 6563830 TI - [The importance of nutrition education of the population]. PMID- 6563829 TI - [Primary health care]. PMID- 6563831 TI - [Problems concerning sex in Turkey and the role of health personnel]. PMID- 6563832 TI - [Physical design in hospitals]. PMID- 6563833 TI - [Oral and dental health]. PMID- 6563834 TI - [Limitation of children in the hospital]. PMID- 6563835 TI - [Nurses' role in primary health care]. PMID- 6563836 TI - [Nursing care of patients with depression]. PMID- 6563837 TI - [Imaginary friends]. PMID- 6563838 TI - [Poisoning and emergencies]. PMID- 6563839 TI - [The categories of psychiatric patients in counseling for their problems]. PMID- 6563840 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome. Maternal alcohol ingestion: serious consequences for the fetus. PMID- 6563841 TI - Antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus at the University Hospital of the West Indies. PMID- 6563842 TI - The emerging role of the clinical nurse specialist in Alberta. PMID- 6563843 TI - Editor - Research in Nursing and Health. Interview by Sandra Reilly and Norma Thurston. PMID- 6563844 TI - Report on the activities of the Alberta Interagency Council on Smoking and Health. PMID- 6563845 TI - Assertiveness for nurses: are you a shrinking violet, a brazen tiger lily or a forthright sunflower? PMID- 6563846 TI - [Clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the urological field]. AB - The sensitivity of 249 etiological bacterial strains causing inflammation isolated from patients with infections of the urogenital tract who were under treatment on an in-patient basis in our Department was examined by the Disc (3 concentration) assay method. Piperacillin (PIPC) was employed for prophylactic treatment in 18 patients against postoperative infections and for therapeutic treatment in 3 patients against complicated infections of urogenital tracts. The results of these studies are reported along with some discussion on the utility of PIPC in the urological field. The frequency of detection of bacteria isolated from the patients on their admission into our hospital was in the decreasing order of Streptococcus Sp., Proteus Sp. and E. coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella Sp. also were noted in some of the patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nonfermentative Gram's-negative bacilli (NF- GNB ), and Streptococcus Sp. were detected in many of the patients who had had an operation or who had been in hospital for a long time. The sensitivity of E. coli, Proteus Sp., Streptococcus Sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was invariably more than 80%, while that of NF- GNB was more than 50%. PIPC was used for prophylactic treatment of patients against infections at the postoperative stage in the urogenital field. Out of 18 cases, it proved to be markedly effective in 14 cases and moderately effective in 4 cases. There was no poorly effective case. PIPC was employed for treatment in 5 cases complicated infections of urogenital tracts. There was no markedly effective case, and 2 moderately effective and 3 poorly effective cases resulted according to the UTI efficacy evaluation standards However, its bacteriological efficacy could be identified in all the treated cases. Therefore, PIPC is a valuable prophylactic antibiotic agent against infections after an operation in the urological field. It may also prove valuable in the therapeutic treatment of complicated infections in the urogenital tracts. PIPC has a relatively large margin of safety in terms of side effects as in the case of conventional penicillin group antibiotics. PMID- 6563848 TI - Limitations of cervical logrolling. PMID- 6563847 TI - Rifampin in the treatment of serious staphylococcal infections. AB - Eight patients with serious staphylococcal infections such as endocarditis, meningitis, epidural abscess, shunt and graft infections were treated with nafcillin, cephalothin or vancomycin in combination with rifampin. In vitro antibiotic sensitivities demonstrated that the Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were highly sensitive to rifampin with minimum inhibitory and bactericidal levels of .0078-.25 micrograms/ml. In all patients reviewed and reported, when serum bactericidal levels were measured before and after the addition of rifampin, there was a positive correlation between microbiological and clinical outcome. Thus, in selected patients with life threatening infections caused by S. aureus and S. epidermidis rifampin should be considered an adjunctive therapy. PMID- 6563849 TI - Using nursing diagnosis: problems vs. pathology. PMID- 6563850 TI - Legal lessons on patient teaching. PMID- 6563851 TI - Is she a battered woman? A guide for emergency response. PMID- 6563852 TI - Keeping up with peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6563853 TI - After the interview. Who gets the job? PMID- 6563854 TI - Eye trauma. PMID- 6563855 TI - Z-track injections. A step-by-step how-to for an underused IM technique. PMID- 6563856 TI - Developmental stimulation for infants and toddlers. PMID- 6563857 TI - Putting Orlando's theory into practice. PMID- 6563859 TI - What LPNs do. PMID- 6563858 TI - Child care. PMID- 6563860 TI - Inbreeding, infighting, and impotence. PMID- 6563861 TI - Standards for continuing education in nursing. PMID- 6563863 TI - Statutory definitions of nursing practice and their conformity to certain ANA principles. PMID- 6563862 TI - Prescribing privileges for nurses: a review of current law. PMID- 6563864 TI - Nursing research and policy formation: the case of prospective payment. PMID- 6563865 TI - Prospective payment: focus on nursing administration. PMID- 6563866 TI - Prospective payment: focus on clinical nursing research. PMID- 6563867 TI - Knowledge in a practice discipline: philosophy and pragmatics. PMID- 6563868 TI - Obtaining third-party reimbursement: a nurse's guide to methods and strategies. PMID- 6563869 TI - In-hospital needlesticks and other significant blood exposures to blood from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and lymphadenopathy syndrome. AB - There have been no documented cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in personnel after a prospectively recognized in-hospital blood exposure. To assess the frequency of such exposure the membership of the Association for Practitioners in Infection Control was surveyed in early June 1983. Thirty-three percent of the membership responded, accounting for 42% of U.S. hospitals with more than 250 beds. Respondents reported needlestick or other significant blood exposures to blood from patients with AIDS occurring in 157 instances and to blood from patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome in 43 instances. Nineteen and twenty of the exposures, respectively, occurred before July 1982. There are two bases for believing that AIDS will not pose a substantial risk to hospital workers: the lack of demonstrated in-hospital AIDS transmission to date and the recognition that other viruses besides the hepatitis B virus--viruses that seem to have less potential for in-hospital transmission--are equally plausible models of AIDS transmission. PMID- 6563870 TI - Effects of handwashing agent, handwashing frequency, and clinical area on hand flora. AB - Six hundred twenty-two isolates from 554 samples taken from hands of 103 hospital personnel and 50 controls were obtained over a mean period of 35 days. Eighty five were obtained immediately before and after handwashing (HW), the remainder after HW only. The relationship of HW agent used, clinical area and job, and frequency of HW to rates of bacterial colonization and numbers and types of organisms isolated, particularly gram-negative bacteria, were evaluated. The HW agent used ( nonantiseptic , hexachlorophene-based, chlorhexidine-based, or iodophor) was significantly correlated with the number of isolates obtained from each sample. Control subjects, all of whom used nonantiseptic soaps, had 1.42 mean isolates per sample; hospital personnel who used nonantiseptic soap had a mean of 1.00 isolates per sample. Other means were 1.25, hexachlorophene; 1.43, iodophor; 0.79, chlorhexidine; and 0.67 for those who used several different antiseptics, p less than 0.0001. The agent was also correlated with the type of organisms isolated (p = 0.002), but not with the counts of colony-forming units (CFU). Frequency of HW was significantly correlated with CFU counts before (p = 0.03) and after (p = 0.001) HW. In general, numbers decreased with increasing HW frequency, but at the higher HW frequencies there was a slight rise. There were significant differences in numbers of isolates per sample according to clinical area, with personnel working in obstetrics and nonpatient areas having the greatest number and those working on neonatal and medical-surgical units having the least (p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6563871 TI - Duration of handwashing in intensive care units: a descriptive study. AB - The duration of handwashing was studied in two community hospitals (teaching and nonteaching). The duration in seconds of 180 handwashes by health care personnel and 52 handwashes by non-health care personnel were recorded. The mean duration for health care personnel was 8.62 +/- 0.29 SEM; the degree of patient contact did not influence the duration of handwashing. The duration of handwashing was two times longer in health care personnel vs. non-health care personnel (8.62 +/- 0.29 vs. 4.14 +/- 0.42; t = 7.7; p less than 0.001). Comparisons revealed no statistically significant difference in duration between personnel at teaching and nonteaching hospitals or among those in different occupations. The data indicate that the duration of handwashing among health care personnel is below the standard recommended by authorities in hospital infection control. This may be an important factor in the transmission and persistence of nosocomial infection in critical care units. The antimicrobial efficacy of handwashing agents should be reevaluated considering the actual duration of handwashing by health care personnel within the hospital environment or efforts should be made to increase the duration of handwashing. PMID- 6563872 TI - A national task analysis of infection control practitioners, 1982. Part One: methodology and demography. AB - A task analysis survey was conducted in 1982 by the Certification Board of Infection Control ( CBIC ) to determine the tasks performed by ICPs and the knowledge and abilities needed to perform these tasks. Data were obtained from 473 (78.8%) respondents to a nationwide mail survey of 600 ICPs . The respondents represent a randomized, stratified sample of ICPs in various types of U.S. acute care hospitals ranging in size from fewer than 50 beds to more than 500 beds. The results of the survey were used, in part, to develop the Infection Control Certification Examination, offered for the first time on November 19, 1983. According to the survey results, the modal or typical ICP is a white woman between the ages of 31 and 50 years using the title of infection control nurse. She has been employed full time for 2 to 10 years in infection control practice in a Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH)--accredited community acute care hospital having 301 to 500 beds. She is working at the supervisory level, is on the nursing department payroll, votes as a member of the hospital's infection control committee, and received her last degree or diploma more than 15 years ago. PMID- 6563873 TI - Comparative evaluation of a traditional and a "tissue technique" method for determining air pressure differentials in hospital isolation rooms. PMID- 6563874 TI - Respiratory distress syndrome in immature lambs. Prevention through antenatal accelerated conditioning of the lung. AB - We tested the effectiveness of constant distending pressure applied to immature lungs in preventing respiratory distress syndrome. Fetal lambs of 131 to 134 days gestation were delivered by cesarean section, but the umbilical circulation was kept intact for CO2 removal through the natural in situ placenta. The lungs were inflated to a pressure of 35 cm H2O (Group I, 11 animals) or 25 cm H2O (Group II, 14 animals), after which the airway pressure was maintained at 15 cm H2O through apneic oxygenation until total static compliance exceeded 0.5 ml (cm H2O)- 1kg 1. After a mean of 1.1 and 5.7 h, respectively, the animals were delivered and were given mechanical ventilation for 24 h. Twenty-four animals reached this aimed-for compliance and survived the period of mechanical ventilation in excellent health. A control group of fetal lambs was delivered immediately and treated with mechanical ventilation. Three of 10 control animals developed severe respiratory distress syndrome and died; 1 additional animal survived but with central nervous system involvement from severe hypoxia. We conclude that pulmonary inflation to 35 cm H2O pressure, followed by a constant distending pressure of 15 cm H2O, held until compliance reaches 0.5 ml (cm H2O)- 1kg -1, is an important element in the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6563875 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of mezlocillin in newborn infants. AB - The pharmacokinetic properties of mezlocillin were evaluated in newborn infants. Mean peak and trough concentrations of drug in plasma, after 75 mg of mezlocillin per kg given intravenously, were 252 and 72 micrograms/ml, respectively, in infants who were less than 38 weeks gestation and less than or equal to 7 days old, compared with 139 and 9 micrograms/ml, respectively, in infants greater than or equal to 38 weeks gestation and greater than 7 days old. The mean elimination half-life values were from 4.5 h in preterm infants who were less than or equal to 7 days old to 1.8 h in term infants greater than or equal to 7 days old. Median peak and trough bactericidal titers of drug in plasma from neonates treated with mezlocillin were 1:8 and 1:4, respectively, against a resistant (minimal bactericidal concentration, 512 micrograms/ml) Escherichia coli strain and 1:64 and 1:32, respectively, against a susceptible (minimal bactericidal concentration, 2 micrograms/ml) E. coli strain. We propose a dosage schedule of 75 mg of mezlocillin per kg administered every 12 h to preterm (gestational age less than 38 weeks) infants less than or equal to 7 days old, every 8 h to preterm infants greater than 7 days old or term infants less than or equal to 7 days old, and every 6 h to term infants greater than 7 days old. PMID- 6563876 TI - Tolerance percentage as a criterion for the detection of tolerant Staphylococcus aureus strains. AB - In this study, the degree of tolerance was determined in several populations of Staphylococcus aureus isolates. The degree of tolerance of a staphylococcal strain can be established in a reproducible way by exposing the strain to increasing concentrations of a beta-lactam antibiotic and determining the number of surviving bacteria at each concentration. The number of surviving bacteria was expressed as a fraction of the initial inoculum. By this technique, it appears that for each strain the value of the surviving fraction stabilized above a certain concentration of the antibiotic. This value was called the tolerance percentage of the strain. In 64 S. aureus strains isolated from blood cultures in 1982, the tolerance percentages, after exposure to methicillin, varied from less than or equal to 0.1 to 6; 28% of the strains showed a tolerance percentage of less than or equal to 0.1, and 12.5% showed a tolerance percentage of greater than or equal to 2. Similar tolerance percentages were found with cloxacillin, nafcillin, cephalothin, and penicillin. Strains with a tolerance percentage of greater than or equal to 2 showed slow killing and lysis in the presence of a high methicillin concentration. A tolerance percentage of 2 appeared to be the breakpoint between susceptible and tolerant strains. Older collections of S. aureus strains, dating from the years 1951 to 1953 and 1957 to 1958, also included strains with a survival percentage of greater than or equal to 2, thus indicating that tolerance of S. aureus to beta-lactam antibiotics is not a new phenomenon. PMID- 6563877 TI - Cross-resistance between methicillin and cephalosporins for staphylococci: a general assumption not true for cefamandole. AB - The antibacterial activity of cefamandole was evaluated against 120 methicillin susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococcal strains, using both large (10(8) CFU per ml) and small (10(4) CFU per ml) inocula. Cefamandole appeared superior to cephalothin against methicillin-resistant strains, displaying at 10 micrograms/ml a bacteriostatic and for some strains a bactericidal action against a large inoculum of bacteria. PMID- 6563878 TI - Nurses share ethical responsibility for informed consent. PMID- 6563879 TI - Education: how can they tell that we care? PMID- 6563880 TI - Ambulatory surgery. The preoperative assessment carries the patient through the surgical experience. PMID- 6563881 TI - Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. A nursing care plan. PMID- 6563882 TI - The tunable dye laser. Photoradiation of malignancies. PMID- 6563883 TI - Liver carcinoma. Treatment with an implantable pump. PMID- 6563884 TI - Pediatric teaching. The small hospital. PMID- 6563885 TI - Peer review for clinical ladders. PMID- 6563886 TI - Recommended practices. Preparation, utilization, and maintenance of the pneumatic tourniquet. PMID- 6563887 TI - Responsibility in the OR proves a difficult issue. PMID- 6563888 TI - Recommended practices. OR sanitation. PMID- 6563889 TI - Surgical suite reconstruction. Infection control. AB - Careful literature review revealed little information on the safety of using an operating room during major renovation. This study sought to determine if an operating room under renovation increases infectious morbidity in the surgical wound. The observations of this study indicate that it is possible to use a properly ventilated operating room undergoing renovation if the precautions of controlling construction traffic, sealing off the construction area from the OR in use, fastidious housekeeping, environmental culturing, and careful surveillance of wound infections are used. PMID- 6563890 TI - Intraocular lens implant. A clear way to correct cloudy vision. PMID- 6563892 TI - Nursing in America's changing society. PMID- 6563891 TI - Human amniotic membrane. As a wound dressing. PMID- 6563893 TI - The perioperative elective. A baccalaureate program. PMID- 6563894 TI - Organ transplantation. Dealing with technology. PMID- 6563895 TI - Ambulatory surgery. Ambulatory surgery centers must compete for customers--both patients and physicians. PMID- 6563896 TI - Education. Being called an adult learner shouldn't hurt. PMID- 6563897 TI - Military and civilians. Working together. PMID- 6563898 TI - Recommended practices. Monitoring the patient receiving local anesthesia. PMID- 6563899 TI - Recommended practices. Surgical scrubs. PMID- 6563900 TI - Replantation for traumatic amputations. PMID- 6563901 TI - Alternative to urinary diversion. Vesicostomy. PMID- 6563902 TI - Acute angle closure glaucoma following surgery. PMID- 6563904 TI - The industry. The vexed question of dismissals. PMID- 6563903 TI - Epidural morphine infusion. Continuous pain relief. AB - Epidural morphine infusion is an effective and relatively safe route for postoperative analgesia. Lanz , Theiss , Reiss , and Sommer performed research supporting the use of epidural morphine. Following lumbar epidural anesthesia for orthopedic operations, 174 patients underwent the following study. At the end of surgery under double-blind conditions, 57 patients in group 1 received 0.1 mg/kg of morphine in 15 ml of normal saline epidurally and normal saline 0.01 ml/kg intramuscularly. Patients in group 2 (57 patients) received intramuscular morphine 0.1 mg/kg and normal saline 15 ml epidurally. Patients in group 3 (60 patients) received normal saline 15 ml epidurally and normal saline 0.01 ml/kg intramuscularly. Postoperative pain was less frequent, of shorter duration, and less severe following epidural morphine (group 1). Sympathetic block was only partial; patients still noticed pressure due to a dressing or cast. There was no motor blockade and active mobilization occurred earlier. Following epidural morphine, alertness was heightened, patients were more cooperative, and respiratory depression and postoperative pneumonia were less than after systemic administration of narcotics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6563905 TI - The food factor and the scientific nurse. Hospital food service and the role of the nurse. PMID- 6563906 TI - Unwanted effects of anti-cancer drugs. PMID- 6563907 TI - The effects of hospitalization on young children. PMID- 6563908 TI - Re-entering the nursing profession in the 1980s. PMID- 6563909 TI - A "learning package" concept with self-paced component. PMID- 6563910 TI - Changing role of nurses within the health care organization. PMID- 6563912 TI - Computers and the nurse. PMID- 6563911 TI - The 'creative conflict' technique as an end to nuclear madness. PMID- 6563913 TI - Asthma in childhood. PMID- 6563914 TI - Five minutes a month. PMID- 6563915 TI - [Demonstration of a "new" BF-variant (BF S Berlin) using isoelectric focusing]. AB - Using the islelectrofucising in polyacrylamide gel for BF typing in the population from Berlin (GDR) a "new" variant was found. This variant is situated cathodically of the BF S line, but it is not detectable by means of agarose gel electrophoresis. Therefore the common BF nomenclature is not applicable. The designation "S Berlin" is proposed. Typing the family of the proposita the same phenotype (S Svar .) was found in the serum of her daughter. This result confirms a codominant inheritance of the new allele. The observed allele frequency is 0.0017. PMID- 6563916 TI - Induction of differentiation in murine neuroblastoma cells by mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - Mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, stimulated outgrowth of neurites and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in C1300-N2A murine neuroblastoma cells cultured in medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. Changes in cell morphology and enzyme activity were concentration-dependent in the range of 0.25-25 microM mevinolin, and were accompanied by decreased incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. The expression of differentiated characteristics induced by 25 microM mevinolin was blocked by simultaneous addition of 100 microM mevalonate to the culture medium. The data suggest that changes in intracellular levels of mevalonate or one of its isoprenoid derivatives may play a role in the regulation of cell differentiation. PMID- 6563917 TI - Changes in tRNA levels during the induction of hemoglobin synthesis in Friend leukemia cells. AB - There is a three- to four-fold decrease in the content/cell of tRNAs for ten different amino acids four days after the induction of erythroid differentiation in Friend leukemia cells, consistent with the decrease in cell volume that occurs. Surprisingly, there is an approximately two-fold increase in the cellular content of each of these tRNAs between day 4 and day 6 after induction, indicating the net synthesis of tRNA late in induction. The tRNA changes affect all species and do not result in tRNA specialization for hemoglobin synthesis, as occurs in normal erythroid development. The tRNA content of imidazole-treated cells, which do not synthesize hemoglobin although they undergo other changes of erythroid differentiation, decreases initially as described above, but shows no increase from day 4 to day 6. PMID- 6563918 TI - Components of the kallikrein-kinin system in rat urine. AB - Using a direct radioimmunoassay and a kininogenase assay, we determined that 68% of rat urinary kallikrein was enzymatically active while 32% was in an inactive form which was activated by trypsin. Inorganic cations, at concentrations found in rat urine, were inhibitory in an amidase assay but appeared to potentiate kininogenase activity of pure rat urinary kallikrein. In random urines, kinin concentration was 4.2 +/- 0.7 ng/ml. Trypsinization of the urines generated 52.9 +/- 25.8 ng kinin/ml, indicating that kininogen was present. The rate of kinin formation in vivo may depend on the availability of kininogen and the concentration of inorganic cations in urine, as well as on other well-recognized factors, such as the kallikrein activity of the urine. PMID- 6563919 TI - Analyses of lysophosphatidic acids by gas chromatography mass spectrometry without hydrolytic pretreatment. AB - Lysophosphatidic acids having different fatty acyl moieties were directly analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after silylation. Trimethylsilyl derivatives of various LPAs escaped thermal degradation, and electron impact and chemical ionization of these derivatives yielded many ions which were useful for the structural determination. It was found by this new method that five species of lysophosphatidic acids were formed in rat plasma during incubation at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6563920 TI - Rheological properties and wall structures of large veins. AB - The static and dynamic viscoelastic properties were studied of longitudinal and circumferential strips excised from various large veins of dogs. The mechanical behavior in longitudinal direction could be regarded as elastic, while that in circumferential direction was highly viscoelastic. No distinct regionality was observed in either of the longitudinal and the circumferential groups. Noradrenaline and papaverine did not alter the elastic behavior of the longitudinal strips. In circumferential strips, however, noradrenaline caused a considerable decrease in stress relaxation and some steepening in the slope of the upper limb of hysteresis loop. Papaverine did not affect the circumferential characteristics. These findings suggest the dominant contribution of smooth muscle tone to the circumferential characteristics of venous walls. Pretreatment with formic acid abolished the occurrence of stress relaxation in circumferential direction but produced no change in the longitudinal behavior. This indicates that elastin fibers may be a principal determinant of the elastic behavior in longitudinal direction and that a residual tension observed in stress-relaxation tests of circumferential strips may be due to stretched elastin fibers. The elastic moduli of elastase pretreated venous walls were in the order of 10(8) dynes/cm2, about 1000 times higher than those of the control. Accordingly, collagen fibers seemed not to play any appreciable role in the rheological behavior of venous walls under physiological conditions. This inference was supported by histological observations of venous walls under unstretched and stretched states. Models were proposed in regard to the architecture of the fibrous elements in the venous walls. PMID- 6563921 TI - The technique of controlled delivery as a weapon in dealing with illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. AB - The technique of controlled delivery is used when a consignment of illicit drugs is detected and allowed to go forward under the control and surveillance of law enforcement officers in order to secure evidence against the organizers of such illicit drug traffic. This technique has been proved effective in some countries in identifying and bringing to justice principals, organizers and financiers of the illicit drug traffic. The controlled delivery technique is compatible with the requirements of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, but its application depends on the particular legal and administrative provisions in the countries concerned. The technique merits wider use, and it does not involve any element of entrapment. It has been used most effectively when illicit drugs are discovered in unaccompanied freight consignments or in the post. Controlled deliveries involving a courier present special difficulties and should be treated with caution. In a controlled delivery, security of information is of paramount importance as is the appropriate knowledge and co-operation of the law enforcement authorities. Such co-operation is essential between the country in which the initial detection of drugs has occurred, transit countries and the country of final destination. A number of important detections have been made as a result of speedy international co-operation of this type between law enforcement authorities. PMID- 6563922 TI - Recent trends in illicit drug trafficking from the Canadian perspective. AB - Parts of south-west Asia where opium is illicitly produced have recently become the principal source of supply of heroin to Canada, accounting for 79 per cent of this drug on the illicit market. Heroin from parts of south-east Asia is expected, however, to regain a greater share of the market in the next few years. That may result in increased availability of heroin in Canada. The availability of cocaine has increased on the illicit market; some 57 per cent of this drug originated in Colombia in 1982. Cocaine is increasingly abused in Canada by an estimated 250,000 persons, and this trend seems likely to continue in the next few years. Cannabis plant, cannabis resin and liquid cannabis are the most readily available and widely abused illicit drugs. An illicit demand has been created for the more potent preparations of cannabis. The dramatic increase in armed robberies perpetrated by criminal groups to procure manufactured drugs is a relatively new and alarming trend. The illicit drug market in Canada is largely controlled by organized criminal syndicates. PMID- 6563923 TI - The monitoring of trade in and control of psychotropic substances to guard against their diversion. AB - The establishment of international control of opiates has been an important achievement of the international community; this is substantiated by the fact that, at the beginning of this century, legally manufactured morphine and heroin were the principal sources of illicit supply, whereas at present the illicit traffic in these drugs is supplied from illicit sources. The poppy straw process has helped to promote measures to control opium poppy cultivation in a number of European countries; Turkey has been a successful example of such control. The present large-scale illicit traffic in cannabis resin and cocaine is the consequence of the lack of the implementation of provisions of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, to control the cannabis plant and the coca bush at the national level. The provisions of the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances, being largely a result of international compromise, are not designed in the best possible way to prevent the diversion of psychotropic substances from legal sources to illicit channels. There are no appropriate provisions for the control and monitoring of international transactions. There is a discrepancy between the rather limited scope of international control of substances listed in schedules III and IV of the 1971 Convention and the much larger scope of control of hypnotics, sedatives and tranquillizers at national levels. The provisions of the 1971 Convention, however, constitute a legal basis for bilateral and multilateral actions for the detection of suspected diversion cases, and offer possibilities of promoting the prevention of diversion of psychotropic substances. At present, the relationship between the control of psychotropic drugs, including the prevention of diversion and the organization of the national drug supply system, as well as the efficacy of national control over pharmaceutical products, has not been fully recognized by the international community. PMID- 6563924 TI - International illicit drug traffic: the United States response. AB - The Government of the United States of America recognizes the serious threat of illicit drug abuse and trafficking and the associated economic costs and social destruction. The United States Government is waging a major battle to fight drug abuse and is working to lower demand at home through education and prevention, detoxification and treatment, and research as well as to lower supply through bilateral and multilateral crop eradication programmes. The Government is also working to lower supply within the United States through a campaign of illicit drug traffic interdiction of unprecedented size and scope. Among the actions taken to counter the illegal trade were: the creation of the South Florida Task Force headed by the Vice President; the establishment of 12 Organized Crime/Drug Enforcement task forces around the country; the setting up of the National Narcotics Border Interdiction System; the increased use of military resources to assist law enforcement agencies; and the initiation of a widespread cannabis eradication programme involving aerial spraying of paraquat. PMID- 6563925 TI - Drugs of Dependence Monitoring System: an effective check of the movements of certain drugs in Australia. AB - For the past 13 years the Commonwealth Department of Health has operated a computerized monitoring system which records the movements throughout Australia of selected legal drugs with abuse potential. The Drugs of Dependence Monitoring System is designed to prevent diversion to the illicit market. From the moment of import or manufacture, every movement of the selected drug is monitored until the drug reaches the final distributor, in most cases a pharmacy, a veterinarian or a hospital. Approximately 300,000 movements are checked each year. All drugs used in Australia, which are covered by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances are included in the system. Reports are generated on quantities imported, exported, locally produced, used in manufacture and distributed. The result is that the risk of diversion has been reduced to a minimum. Information obtained from the system has proved of considerable assistance in fulfilling Australia's international treaty obligations. PMID- 6563926 TI - International co-operation through the Interpol system to counter illicit drug trafficking. AB - The International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO/Interpol), whose main aim is the prevention and suppression of ordinary crime, has 135 member countries. The Government of each of these countries has designated an Interpol National Central Bureau to co-operate and liaise within the framework of Interpol. The Drugs Sub Division of Interpol's General Secretariat monitors and responds to incoming communications on drug enforcement matters, conducts intelligence analysis of information and produces tactical and strategic intelligence reports as well as statistical and other specialized reports. It received 33,181 and dispatched 6,741 drug-enforcement-related communications in 1982, which was over 60 per cent of the entire communications of the General Secretariat. The Drugs Sub-Division participates in drug training and drug strategy seminars world-wide. Interpol also carries out drug liaison officer programmes in five regions of the world. PMID- 6563927 TI - The role of the Commonwealth Secretariat in the fight against illicit drug traffic. AB - The Commonwealth Secretariat is an international diplomatic agency servicing the Commonwealth, an association of some 47 independent countries that derive a common heritage from the former British Empire. Although the Commonwealth Secretariat's role in combating the illicit traffic in drugs has developed pragmatically in response to specific needs, it reflects a deep concern on the part of member countries to do everything within their power to further the fight against this serious criminal activity. To this end the various divisions of the Secretariat have commissioned studies, facilitated training, prepared model legislation, promoted the exchange of information, participated at international forums and made a determined effort to concentrate enforcement at an international level against the resources and property of those engaged in this illicit traffic. PMID- 6563928 TI - The role of the Drug Advisory Programme of the Colombo Plan Bureau in the fight against illicit drug traffic. AB - The Drug Advisory Programme (DAP) of the Colombo Plan Bureau assists member States in organizing national and regional seminars, workshops, conferences and discussions on various aspects of drug abuse prevention and control and publishes reports on proceedings of such meetings. The DAP advises and assists member States in updating drug legislation and promoting the drug law enforcement action. The DAP operates fellowship and training programmes for narcotics officials, provides grants to participants from member States in various meetings on drug abuse control and supports research in this area of activity. It also provides assistance in the form of consultancy programmes for the least developed countries in the region. DAP disseminates information on regional and world-wide problems related to drug abuse, illicit drug traffic, modus operandi of illicit drug traffickers and counter-measures to deal with such problems. The Colombo Plan encourages and supports voluntary non-governmental organizations in their efforts to prevent and control drug abuse and, in co-operation with other organizations and member States, organizes international conferences whose aims are to promote the involvement of non-governmental organizations in the prevention and control of drug abuse. PMID- 6563929 TI - The role of the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe in combating drug abuse and illicit drug trafficking. AB - The Pompidou Group, a co-operation group to combat drug abuse and illicit trafficking in drugs, has functioned at the Council of Europe since 1980 as a section of the Directorate of Economic and Social Affairs. Owing to its specific features, it is the only organization of its kind in Europe that deals with all areas of drug control, including the work of police and customs authorities, as well as work on prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, epidemiology and research. It also deals with fellowship programmes. The political and technical activities of the Pompidou Group are described in this article, illustrating how it operates in the area of combating drug abuse at the international level. PMID- 6563930 TI - Action by the Customs Co-operation Council to combat illicit drug trafficking. AB - Since its establishment in 1953, the Customs Co-operation Council (CCC) has been actively involved in combating illicit drug trafficking. CCC has adopted legal measures designed to meet the requirements of member States in their efforts to promote the prevention, investigation and repression of customs offences, including drug smuggling. CCC studies patterns and trends in drug trafficking and promotes ways and means of detecting drug smuggling and financial transactions related to such smuggling. CCC publishes studies and handbooks that serve as practical guides to national customs administrations of member States. In its work to combat drug trafficking, the CCC co-operates with the United Nations bodies concerned with drug control and the International Criminal Police Organizations (ICPO/Interpol). PMID- 6563931 TI - The role of the South American Agreement on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in the fight against illicit drug trafficking. AB - The States Parties to the South American Agreement on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (ASEP), which entered into force on 26 March 1976, decided to co-ordinate measures to achieve close co-operation and the efficient exchange of information between States Parties to the Agreement in the fight against drug abuse and illicit drug traffic. To this end, ASEP organizes regional and international training courses, seminars and conferences on the subject of illicit drug trafficking; facilitates permanent exchange of information between the States Parties to the Agreement regarding drug law enforcement techniques and the methods resorted to by illicit traffickers; and maintains close technical co operation with the International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), the United Nations and other international agencies concerned with drug control. In addition, ASEP is involved in a number of activities that indirectly contribute to the suppression of illicit drug trafficking such as: the establishment of national drug control co-ordinating bodies; co-operation between States in the area of legislative measures conducive to drug control; and the operation of a computerized system designed to facilitate contacts between the various drug law enforcement agencies of the States Parties to ASEP. PMID- 6563932 TI - The role of the Association of South-East Asian Nations in fighting illicit drug traffic. AB - Member States of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have decided to concert their efforts in order to overcome drug-related problems and illicit trafficking, which are recognized as a threat to their national security, stability and resilience. The activities and significant achievement of each member State show the important role that has been played by each country in combating illicit drug traffic. Member States of ASEAN realize the importance of mutual co-operation between themselves as essential in the effective fight against illicit drug traffic. PMID- 6563933 TI - Preceptorships. Out of the classroom, into the hospital. PMID- 6563934 TI - Wake up, sleeping giant. PMID- 6563935 TI - San Quentin. Nursing behind bars. PMID- 6563936 TI - Coping and controlling: a problem for nursing. PMID- 6563937 TI - The Boat People--coping in Canada. PMID- 6563938 TI - The psycho-social adjustment and mental health needs of Southeast Asian refugees. PMID- 6563939 TI - An experience in crisis intervention for nursing students. PMID- 6563940 TI - Natural cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from lymph nodes draining breast carcinoma and its augmentation by interferon and OK432. AB - Lymphocytes isolated from axillary lymph nodes draining breast carcinoma were tested for natural killer (NK) activity against K562 in a 4-h 51Cr-release assay, and the in vitro effects of interferon (IFN) and OK432 (a streptococcal preparation) on their cytotoxicity were examined in comparison with NK activity of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The levels of NK activity were lower in lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) than in PBL of the same patients. Significant levels of LNL-mediated lysis were recorded in 14 of 42 (33%) lymph node samples and in nine of 14 (64%) patients. Purification of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) from lymph node cells by discontinuous Percoll density gradient centrifugation resulted in an induction or enhancement of cytotoxic activity, with no reactivity in LGL-depleted, small T-lymphocyte populations. Positive reactions were observed with 10 of 13 (77%) LGL samples. The low reactivity of LNL was not attributable to coexistent suppressor cells for NK function, since lymph node cells failed to suppress NK activity of normal PBL. Partially purified human IFN and OK432 augmented NK activity of patients' PBL in approximately 70% and 90% of the cases, respectively, while LNL-mediated lysis was augmented in only 7% and 36% of the lymph node samples by IFN and OK432, respectively. These results indicate that K562-reactive NK cells and/or their precursors may frequently be present at subthreshold levels in the lymph nodes draining breast carcinoma, and that the augmentation of LNL-mediated cytotoxicity by OK432 might provide a local potentiation of natural immune function at the host-tumor interface rather than IFN. PMID- 6563941 TI - Experimental screening of BCG preparations produced for cancer immunotherapy: safety and immunostimulating and antitumor activity of four consecutively produced batches. AB - Four consecutively produced batches of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) especially intended to be used for cancer immunotherapy were investigated for consistency of the vaccine. Each batch was investigated directly after production of the vaccine, so that the four batches were not tested simultaneously. The activity of the four batches was investigated in general safety assays, immunostimulation assays, and two different tumor models. General safety assays showed dose dependent growth retardation and increased serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase activity in mice, and a long-lasting temperature rise in rabbits after IV administration of the BCG preparations. In a skin reactivity assay, reactions were found acceptable for all preparations when compared with a reference batch. The results of the immunostimulation and antitumor studies can be summarized as follows. All four batches induced a specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to PPD, indicating the induction of cell-mediated immunity. A stimulating effect on lymphoreticular organs was concluded from increased spleen weight and enhanced cell proliferation in draining lymph nodes. Enhanced macrophage function (phagocytosis and killing of bacteria) was demonstrated by an increased resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. YAC lymphoma target cells were killed nonspecifically by BCG-activated peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), indicating the induction of natural killing activity by BCG. Intralesional injection of BCG induced tumor regression in the guinea pig line 10 hepatocellular carcinoma, followed by immunity to the line 10 tumor. In the murine 5D04 squamous cell carcinoma, BCG had no effect on the primary tumor. However, IV-injected BCG resulted in a decreased number of lung metastases. In general, the four consecutively produced batches showed similar safety and activity in the immunostimulation assays and antitumor activity. Since only minor differences between the batches were found, which can also be attributed to the variation in experimental conditions common to biological assays, it is concluded that the vaccine batches produced show an acceptable consistency. PMID- 6563942 TI - Role of histamine in the antitumour activity of endotoxin. AB - The role of histamine in the antitumour activity of endotoxin against solid syngeneic Meth-A sarcoma in BALB/c mice was studied. Endotoxin induces haemorrhagic necrosis and regression of this tumour. Histamine and the selective H1 receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine mimicked the induction of necrosis but did not cause regression. The selective H2 receptor agonist dimaprit did not cause any tumour damage. The effect of histamine could be inhibited by the H1 receptor antagonists diphenhydramine and promethazine but not by the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. Endotoxin-induced necrosis was slightly affected by diphenhydramine, and the incidence of regression was reduced by both H1 antagonists. Cimetidine potentiated endotoxin-induced regression. Similar effects were observed concerning the effects of H-receptor antagonists on necrosis and regression induced by tumour necrosis serum (TNS). Histological examination revealed no marked additional effects of diphenhydramine or cimetidine on endotoxin-induced hyperaemia, haemorrhagic necrosis, and mitotic arrest of the tumour cells. Only cimetidine increased the extent of nonhaemorrhagic necrosis. The endotoxin-induced release of tumour necrosis factor and cytostatic activity in TNS was clearly reduced by diphenhydramine, but hardly affected by cimetidine. Data indicate that intact H1 receptors are required for the induction of tumour regression and antitumour factors by endotoxin. Concomitant H2 blockade may facilitate this by stimulating H1 receptor-mediated processes upon endotoxin induced histamine release, although a cimetidine-induced inhibition of T suppressor cell activation might also be involved. PMID- 6563943 TI - Immunologic enhancement of experimental metastasis in the rat. AB - Using a series of immunologically cross-reactive metastatic tumor variants, we demonstrate that serum from animals bearing pulmonary tumor colonies possesses enhancing properties in the experimental metastasis (lung colony) assay. Enhancement is produced by chronic serum administration and promotes the growth of tumor cells arrested in the lungs which would not otherwise proliferate to form grossly detectable lung nodules. Tumor-bearer serum from animals with lung colonies derived from the most highly metastatic variant examined is shown to possess enhancing properties in both BD-IX(H-1d) and BD-IV(H-1d) rat strains, while tumor-bearer serum from animals with lung colonies derived from the less metastatic parent tumor cell line possesses enhancing properties in the BD-IX rat strain only. Removal of immunoglobulin from enhancing serum by affinity column chromatography simultaneously removes the enhancing factor(s), and enhancing activity correlates with the presence of increased levels of Clq-binding immune complexes in the serum. Serum levels of immune complexes are shown to be more elevated in serum from animals bearing lung colonies derived from the most highly metastatic variant. The enhancing moieties are shown to bind to concanavalin A, but not to staphylococcal protein A, and the active fraction elutes from concanavalin A-Sepharose with alpha-methyl-mannoside. Consideration of immunoprecipitation studies on whole and fractionated enhancing sera, along with studies on affinity purified isotype fractions reveals that the activity resides with antibodies of IgG2b subclass. PMID- 6563944 TI - Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in mice by treatment with a thymic factor. AB - The administration of a thymic factor, thymostimulin (TP-1), to mice resulted in considerable augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity as measured in a short-term assay against 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 target cells. Conditions suitable for detection of the thymostimulin-induced boosting of NK included multiple daily exposures to TP-1 (50 micrograms/kg), and peak levels of reactivity were observed at 2-4 days after discontinuation of treatment. A strict age-dependency of the effect was also observed, with optimal augmentation of NK-cell activity when TP-1 was administered to mice at 4-6 weeks of age. The effect was not limited to TP-1 treatment but was also observed on administration of another thymic factor (thymosin alpha 1). The activated cells responsible for the increased natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity appeared to be typical murine NK cells, judging by both functional and antigenic criteria. PMID- 6563945 TI - Specific localization of In-111-labeled monoclonal antibody versus 67-Ga-labeled immunoglobulin in mice bearing human breast carcinoma xenografts. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody reacting with more than 95% of all breast cancers was radiolabeled with In-111 and injected IP into nude mice bearing human breast carcinoma xenografts, together with Ga-67-labeled normal mouse immunoglobulin. Images were produced with a gamma camera in dual isotope mode. Tumors could be localized clearly with In-111-labeled specific monoclonal antibody, but improved visualization was obtained after computer-assisted subtraction of the image with Ga-67-labeled nonspecific immunoglobulin. The tumor-to-tissue contrast was improved from 2.3 to 5.9 after subtraction. Imaging with In-111-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody was superior to imaging with iodinated antibody. For the first time it was shown that images of two chemically related isotopes, Ga-67 and In-111, coupled to nonspecific and specific antibody, respectively, and simultaneously injected, can be subtracted to show the preferential uptake of the specific antibody in the tumor. As these isotopes are routinely used in clinical practice this technique may prove to be more practical for immunodetection of tumors in patients than existing imaging techniques. PMID- 6563946 TI - Decreased monocyte antibody-dependent cell-mediated toxicity in stage I-II malignant melanoma. Augmentation by subcutaneous Corynebacterium parvum. AB - Lymphocyte and monocyte antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against human red blood cells was examined in 28 stage-I-II malignant melanoma patients. Eighteen were studied at various time intervals after receiving SC Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum); 10 were untreated. Fifteen normal age-matched controls were also studied. Monocyte ADCC was significantly decreased in untreated patients compared with controls (P less than 0.005) and was significantly increased above controls and untreated patients in individuals treated with C. parvum (P less than 0.008). No significant differences in lymphocyte ADCC were seen. Optimal enhancement of monocyte ADCC by C. parvum occurred from 2 weeks to 1 month after treatment. Significant decreases in ADCC to baseline levels occurred in patients studied from 3 to 6 months beyond treatment. PMID- 6563948 TI - Air esophagogram: a frequent observation in goiters. AB - Air esophagograms have been described in normal individuals and in association with esophageal disease or respiratory distress. In a study of neck radiographs in 160 patients with goiter, air esophagograms were observed in 24 (15%). The continuous irritation of the enlarged thyroid on the trachea is thought to excite intermittent aerophagy, and accounts for the frequent demonstration of air within the esophagus. PMID- 6563947 TI - Spread of carcinoma of the base of the tongue as detected by computer tomography. AB - 21 patients with histologically proven carcinoma involving the base of the tongue were studied with computer tomography utilizing a high dose of intravenous infusion of contrast material. Computer tomography demonstrated not only excellent visualization of the primary carcinoma at the base of the tongue, but also its traditional means of spread to contiguous soft tissues of the pharyngeal walls and lymph node metastasis. Computer tomography also demonstrated the unusual spread to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes and nasopharynx. Computer tomography with high-dose intravenous contrast is the best radiographic modality for the evaluation of carcinoma of the base of the tongue. PMID- 6563949 TI - Localization by ultrasound of hyperparathyroid tumors not detected by computed tomography. AB - 2 patients with clinically proven hyperparathyroidism are demonstrated. Their parathyroid tumors, not detected by computed tomography, were localized by ultrasound. The relative advantages of ultrasound are emphasized. PMID- 6563950 TI - Is the vacuum sign in the sacro-iliac joint a useful radiological sign of chondrocalcinosis? AB - To test the contention that intra-articular gas is a radiological finding in chondrocalcinosis (CPPD), the prevalence of the sign was assessed in 44 patients with the disorder and compared to a control group of 272. We conclude that sacro iliac gas is an inconstant finding occurring no more frequently in those with CPPD than in controls of the same age and sex. Consequently, this radiological finding is of limited clinical value. PMID- 6563951 TI - Preoperative 'dynamic' antegrade phlebography of the spermatic vein: physiological detection of spontaneous reflux in clinical and subclinical varicocele. A study of 142 patients. AB - From March 1977 to December 1982, 142 patients with varicocele of various sizes underwent preoperative antegrade or retrograde phlebography of the left spermatic vein. In 8 of them both procedures were carried out. A retrospective analysis of 68 preoperative antegrade venographies in supine (0 degree) and upright (30 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees) positions was made and compared with 66 retrograde venograms. The preoperative 'dynamic' antegrade phlebography has been performed in order to study the hemodynamic conditions of the varicocele, avoiding any pressure interference on the valvular function of the venous renospermatic area. This technique has allowed us to get useful anatomoradiological and physiopathological information about the spontaneous reflux into the internal spermatic vein by its positional filling and emptying. It has also permitted a good visualization of collateral channels, particularly in the pelvic, femorosaphenous and scrotal areas. We could, at the same time, simultaneously sample blood from the cubital and intrascrotal spermatic veins to determine the testosterone, cortisol and serotonin levels, in different positions; the evaluation of these biochemical data is being pursued. In our opinion, this diagnostic procedure is easy to perform and inexpensive. The procedure and the results are discussed in detail. PMID- 6563952 TI - Adult abdominoscrotal hydrocele. AB - Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is very uncommon in both adults and children. A case is presented of an unusually large abdominoscrotal hydrocele in an adult associated with unilateral hydronephrosis owing to contiguous pressure. To our knowledge this is an unique case in which the preoperative diagnosis became apparent after abdominal ultrasound. An IVU and an abdominal CT study confirmed the sonographic diagnosis. An entity as such has never been reported nor has it been presented in recent literature. PMID- 6563953 TI - The untamable staphylococci: continuous problems in infectious diseases. PMID- 6563955 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: specialism or escapism? PMID- 6563954 TI - HVs' and midwives' bags. It's in the bag (2). PMID- 6563956 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: CPNs' conference--a non-stop success. PMID- 6563957 TI - Suntan preparations. PMID- 6563958 TI - Miscarriage: a common tragedy. PMID- 6563959 TI - Health visiting: asking the right questions. PMID- 6563960 TI - Learning problems in children: bright kids who fail. PMID- 6563961 TI - Cement burns of the hands. PMID- 6563962 TI - Understanding hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6563963 TI - Caring for combative patients. PMID- 6563964 TI - Narcan (naloxone HCl). PMID- 6563965 TI - Oxygen therapy via nasal catheter for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 6563966 TI - Arrhythmia quiz. PMID- 6563967 TI - Maintaining placement and skin integrity with endotracheal tubes in a pediatric ICU. PMID- 6563968 TI - ICU syndrome. PMID- 6563969 TI - Digital replantation--the nurse's touch. PMID- 6563970 TI - The oximetrix opticath: what is it and how can it facilitate nursing management of the critically ill patient? PMID- 6563971 TI - Safe transportation of ventilator-dependent patients. PMID- 6563972 TI - Doctoral education in nursing, the Sisyphian concept, and Pandora's box. PMID- 6563974 TI - Guidelines for systems oriented charting and reporting. PMID- 6563973 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 6563976 TI - Milk therapy in ulcer disease: yes or no? PMID- 6563975 TI - The interviewing process. PMID- 6563977 TI - Nursing care plan for the head injured patient treated with barbiturates. PMID- 6563979 TI - Use of the multi-lumen catheter. PMID- 6563978 TI - Individualized preadmission teaching program. PMID- 6563980 TI - Treatment of experimental chronic osteomyelitis caused by Morganella morganii with mezlocillin and cloxacillin. AB - Mezlocillin was used alone and in combination with cloxacillin in the treatment of chronic experimental osteomyelitis due to Morganella morganii. This combination showed in vitro synergy as measured by the checkerboard technique. A marked inoculum affect was demonstrated in vitro with mezlocillin and the infecting strain of M. morganii. In therapeutic trials, mezlocillin administered for 28 days was totally ineffective. The combination of mezlocillin and cloxacillin (at 800 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, 4 times a day) given for 28 days was significantly better than either no therapy or therapy with mezlocillin alone. However, even after 4 weeks of combined therapy with mezlocillin and cloxacillin M. morganii was recovered from the bones of 55% of the treated rabbits. PMID- 6563981 TI - Mechanisms of alcohol damage in utero. PMID- 6563982 TI - Introduction: what do we know of the mechanisms of alcohol damage in utero? AB - The newly established role of alcohol as a human teratogen important in the aetiology of mental deficiency poses the problem of how maternal ingestion of alcohol damages the developing central nervous system. Two main approaches to the identification of possible mechanisms are suggested: clinical field studies, especially of relatives of affected children, and the use of experimental animal models. The evidence so far provided by each approach, and the limitations of each, are considered. Four possible mechanisms of alcohol-induced damage, originating at different stages of antenatal development, are outlined. These mechanisms are related to the fetal alcohol syndrome, the high incidence of spontaneous abortion or fetal death, retarded fetal growth, and ill-defined behavioural problems in childhood. PMID- 6563983 TI - Interactions between trace elements and alcohol in rats. AB - Interactions between ethanol and trace elements are reviewed at two levels. The first concerns the effect of alcohol on the concentration and distribution of certain trace metals in the body; changes are described for copper, iron, manganese, selenium and zinc. The second relates to the possible protection afforded by some trace elements against alcohol-related damage. The significance of maternal zinc to the fetal alcohol syndrome is discussed in the light of evidence that pregnancy outcome in rats after gestational alcoholism is less favourable in zinc-deficient dams than in nutritionally replete animals. Cellular metabolism of ethanol may lead to the generation of damaging superoxide and hydroxyl radicals; several trace elements, notably zinc, manganese, selenium and copper, may function protectively as free radical scavengers and as antioxidants. Evidence is presented of increased lipid peroxidation in zinc-deficient tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats and of enhanced activity of Mn-superoxide dismutase in fetal and adults rats exposed to ethanol. PMID- 6563984 TI - Critical periods for alcohol teratogenesis in mice, with special reference to the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis. AB - Studies directed towards determining a 'critical' developmental period for the induction of neural, ocular and craniofacial malformations typical of those in severe forms of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are described here. Sequential developmental analyses of C57Bl/6J mice whose mothers had been given alcohol either intraperitoneally or by gastric intubation on the seventh day of pregnancy (a time corresponding to three weeks after fertilization in humans) illustrate that early deficiencies in the anterior aspect of the embryonic disc of embryos at the gastrulation stage lead to defects characteristic of FAS. These include microcephaly, small nose, long upper lip with deficient philtral component, short palpebral fissures, microphthalmia and tortuous retinal vessels, as well as other eye defects involving primarily the anterior segment. Brain malformations are most marked in the derivatives of the ventromedial forebrain. Gastrulation is a period of intense mitotic activity (particularly in the developing mesoderm) in mammalian embryos. This, together with other studies showing that alcohol suppresses rates of cell division, suggests that alcohol-induced deficiencies in gastrulating mesodermal cells (cells responsible for inducing and maintaining neuroepithelial differentiation), as well as cellular deficiencies in the other germ layers in the anteromedial aspect of the embryonic disc, may play a significant role in the subsequent developmental abnormalities observed. PMID- 6563986 TI - Measures of alcohol damage in utero in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). AB - A non-human primate model for the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has been developed in a pilot study on four pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) receiving ethanol once weekly from 40 days of gestation (2.5 g/kg for three moderate-dose monkeys and 4.1 g/kg for one high-dose monkey). Ethanol and acetaldehyde levels and indices of general health were monitored throughout pregnancy. One pregnancy ended in miscarriage. The three infants born at term were compared to control infants. The infant exposed to the higher ethanol dose showed phenotypic similarities to humans with FAS. Its brain was microcephalic and dysplastic; reflex, motor and cognitive development were retarded. One infant receiving the moderate dose had subtle brain abnormalities; it was hyperkinetic and showed developmental retardation on several behavioral measures. The other moderately dosed infant was normal. A larger study now in progress will comprise six groups of seven monkeys, each group being exposed to 0 (control), 0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.5 or 4.1 g/kg of ethanol once weekly throughout gestation. So far, 4.1 g/kg ethanol has been shown to be fetotoxic when given between 8 and 13 days of pregnancy. PMID- 6563985 TI - Range of alcohol-induced damage in the developing central nervous system. AB - Fourteen previously reported cases of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) showed anomalies of brain structure varying in severity from microscopic disorganization of tissue structure, or abnormalities in neuronal or glial migration only visible microscopically, to complete or partial agenesis of regions such as the corpus callosum or cerebellum and large neuronal heteropias. The difficulty is illustrated of differentiating this type of damage, lacking in specificity and uniformity, from other syndromes of uncertain aetiology, such as De Lange, DiGeorge and Dubowitz, in at least one of which (DiGeorge syndrome) maternal alcoholism has been implicated. Similar brain damage is also seen in other conditions with known causes. In FAS and syndromes with this type of brain damage, most of the non-CNS features which make the conditions clinically recognizable may well be determined by timing or ancillary factors. Alcohol related antenatal effects should not be identified to restrictively with FAS but should be considered in any condition of unknown aetiology with disorganization of brain structure and mental retardation. PMID- 6563987 TI - Clinical, psychopathological and developmental aspects in children with the fetal alcohol syndrome: a four-year follow-up study. AB - Paediatric, neurological and psychiatric examinations were done in 71 children with the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). A subgroup of these patients underwent psychiatric assessment and psychological testing. Psychopathology was also studied in a matched control group. After three to four years various subgroups were re-examined. With increasing age dysmorphic signs were less apparent. Neurological performance improved and EEG recordings revealed fewer pathological patterns. The psychiatric status and cognitive functions of the patients also improved, but they did not become normal in all psychiatric areas. Hyperactivity and distractibility seem to be the major handicaps preventing these children from having a normal school career. PMID- 6563988 TI - Effects of moderate alcohol consumption and smoking on fetal outcome. AB - Previous studies of the effects of moderate drinking on the outcome of pregnancy are assessed. The results of a prospective study of the association between alcohol consumption in pregnancy and birthweight, length of baby, head circumference and premature delivery are described. Consumption of more than 10 g alcohol per day in very early pregnancy or even before conception approximately doubled the risk that the infant would have a low birthweight. Cigarette smoking was also a risk factor for low birthweight. It may therefore be beneficial for women to reduce their alcohol consumption to one drink a day or less from before conception and give up smoking as well. PMID- 6563989 TI - Preventing fetal alcohol effects: effectiveness of a demonstration project. AB - The Pregnancy and Health Program (PHP) was established in 1979 to develop effective methods of intervening in maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy in a metropolitan US community. Services provided over a two-year period included public and professional education, an alcohol and pregnancy information and crisis telephone line, screening for alcohol problems in selected prenatal clinics, treatment and support for women concerned about their drinking during a pregnancy, and help for children possibly affected in utero by alcohol. Evaluation of PHP's educational programmes showed significant increases in awareness and knowledge of the risks associated with drinking during pregnancy, among both the public and health professionals in the community. Information was provided by telephone to over 2400 persons, including one in every 44 pregnant women in the community. A total of 304 pregnant women were personally given information as well as treatment for alcohol problems when necessary. For women seen personally, a significant decrement in drinking was associated with programme entry, which was in turn related to healthier infants at birth. This two-year programme established that intervention in pregnancy drinking is essential and feasible. Screening techniques developed by PHP simplify detection of excessive drinking. Education coupled with effective screening and referral to treatment when needed make reduction of fetal alcohol effects a goal within reach for all communities. PMID- 6563990 TI - Effects of alcohol on functional development of the auditory pathway in the brainstem of infants and chick embryos. AB - The effects of alcohol on the development of neural function in the auditory pathway of the brainstem have been examined in human neonates and chick embryos. Auditory brainstem evoked responses were recorded in six infants of mothers for whom there was evidence of alcohol abuse during pregnancy. In four of the infants, evoked responses were abnormal, with poorly defined, inconsistent peaks. Neurophysiological and histological studies were done on chick embryos which received a single dose of alcohol early incubation. In most surviving embryos the neuroanatomical arrangement of the auditory nuclei in the brainstem was normal. However, Golgi impregnation revealed abnormalities in the length and structure of the dendrites in nucleus laminaris. Electrically evoked neuronal activity revealed abnormalities of synaptic function and the distribution of nerve terminals. The results indicate that in infants and chick embryos the functional development of the auditory pathway in the brainstem is disrupted by exposure to alcohol. Such early changes in this sensory pathway may contribute to the behavioural and intellectual handicaps associated with the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6563992 TI - Interaction of ethanol with neural cells in culture: a model of intoxication, tolerance and withdrawal. AB - The interaction of ethanol with the nervous system produces acute intoxication, tolerance and withdrawal phenomena. Additionally, there are several alcohol related neurological disorders which develop in alcoholic patients. Current evidence suggests that ethanol produces some of these changes by altering the structure and function of neural membranes. Therefore, neurotransmitter receptors and receptor-dependent molecular events in the nervous system may be highly sensitive to ethanol. The murine neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 was used to study the acute and chronic interactions of ethanol with intact cells. Ethanol acutely inhibited opiate receptor binding, but after chronic exposure the cells exhibited an apparent adaptive increase in the number of opiate binding sites; this was reversible when ethanol was withdrawn. High levels of ethanol (200 mM) increased opiate binding after 18-24 hours; lower concentrations (25-50 mM) produced similar changes after two weeks. This model system has great potential for exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms which underlie ethanol intoxication, tolerance and withdrawal. PMID- 6563991 TI - Altered stress responsiveness in adult rats exposed to ethanol in utero: neuroendocrine mechanisms. AB - In our first studies the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was found to be significantly greater in response to certain stressors, including ethanol, in adult rats exposed to ethanol as fetuses (fetal ethanol-exposed [FEE] rats) than in pair-fed-derived or normal controls. Stress responsiveness in FEE rats was examined further by measuring stress-induced analgesia after inescapable footshock. Analgesia was enhanced in adult FEE rats by a prolonged/intermittent naloxone-reversible form of footshock, but not by a brief/continuous naloxone insensitive form, suggesting that the effect was opioid-mediated. Adult FEE rats showed greater analgesic and plasma corticosterone responses to morphine challenges than control rats. Preliminary results also indicated that when adult FEE rats were exposed daily to the intermittent footshock stress (10 min/day) they consumed significantly more ethanol than controls. Whether the altered stress responsiveness reflects fetal ethanol-induced effects on the development of the HPA axis was determined by measuring brain and plasma content of corticosterone in FEE and control neonates. At birth, in FEE pups, whole brain and plasma corticosterone levels are significantly raised. On postnatal day 7, when basal plasma corticosterone concentrations have attained normal values, FEE rats display blunted corticosterone responses to ethanol administration, indicating persistent effects of the fetal ethanol exposure despite its termination one week previously. The precise contribution of these neonatal hormonal alterations to the long-term effects of fetal ethanol exposure on stress responsiveness remains to be determined. PMID- 6563993 TI - Prenatal and early postnatal exposure to ethanol permanently alters the rat hippocampus. AB - Three separate groups of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were (1) fed a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol-derived calories, or (2) pair-fed this diet containing an isocaloric amount of maltose-dextrin instead of ethanol,or (3) fed laboratory chow ad libitum. Their offspring were killed after reaching at least 60 days of age, and their brains were processed with the Timm's or horseradish peroxidase histochemical techniques. Both procedures revealed that intrauterine exposure to ethanol produced a dramatic change in the topography of hippocampal mossy fibres. An aberrant distal infrapyramidal mossy fibre terminal band was present at mid temporal levels (where it does not normally occur). Pair-fed controls did not show the aberrant band. Rats exposed to ethanol after birth (using an artificial rearing procedure) showed even greater aberrations in the mossy fibre terminal field than rats exposed to ethanol in utero. Thus, postnatal exposure to ethanol (equivalent to the third trimester in the human) produced more striking changes in the mossy fibre terminal field than exposure to ethanol during the entire length of gestation in the rat (equivalent to the first and second trimesters in the human). PMID- 6563994 TI - Growth, enzymes and hormonal changes in offspring of alcohol-fed rats. AB - Consumption of ethanol by rats during pregnancy reduces the body and brain weight of their fetuses and pups. The reduction is greater if the offspring are kept with their alcohol-fed mothers rather than with control surrogate mothers during lactation. The activity of several enzymes of the neuronal cell membranes (Na+, K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase, 5'-nucleotidase) is also reduced. This decrease in enzyme activity may be related to the decrease in neuronal development and could produce profound alterations in brain function. Altered hypothalamic-hypophysial function may be partly responsible for developmental anomalies found in the fetal alcohol syndrome. The levels of plasma luteinizing hormone are lower in pups exposed prenatally to ethanol, and prolactin levels are much higher. Concentrations of ethanol were essentially the same in maternal blood and in the fetus. Acetaldehyde levels in the placenta, amniotic fluid and the remaining fetal tissue at days 15 and 19 of gestation were about 40-50% of those in maternal blood. Acetaldehyde may be important in the pathogenesis of the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6563995 TI - Considering the elderly critical care patient. PMID- 6563996 TI - Perfluorochemicals: artificial blood. PMID- 6563999 TI - Valvular aortic stenosis: a critical care challenge. PMID- 6563997 TI - Acute confusional states in the elderly: an algorithm. PMID- 6563998 TI - Elder abuse assessment tool. PMID- 6564000 TI - Are nurses practicing medicine in the ICU? PMID- 6564001 TI - Counseling families experiencing guilt. PMID- 6564002 TI - Development senior staff nurses as preceptors. PMID- 6564003 TI - Selecting continuing education programs in critical care. PMID- 6564004 TI - Diabetes education: the reason for its existence. PMID- 6564005 TI - The role of the educational consultant. PMID- 6564006 TI - Before we educate. PMID- 6564007 TI - Nutrition education--the Australian recommendations. PMID- 6564008 TI - Nutritional teaching tools. PMID- 6564010 TI - Evaluation of a teaching and treatment programme for type I diabetic patients. PMID- 6564009 TI - The role of the educational psychologist. PMID- 6564011 TI - A comparison of eight educational programs. PMID- 6564012 TI - The use of hospitalization data to evaluate patient education programs. PMID- 6564013 TI - Evaluation of the benefits of a diabetes education programme. PMID- 6564014 TI - Video cassette programmes in diabetes education. PMID- 6564015 TI - Educating the geriatric diabetic. PMID- 6564016 TI - Who teaches the patient? A team approach. PMID- 6564017 TI - Self-help groups as an adjunct to diabetes education. PMID- 6564018 TI - Patient seminars provide topics for an education programme. PMID- 6564019 TI - The First International Symposium on Diabetes Education. PMID- 6564021 TI - The role of diabetes educator associations. PMID- 6564020 TI - Evaluation of a postgraduate course for diabetes educators. PMID- 6564022 TI - International cooperation in diabetes education. PMID- 6564023 TI - [Health training of schoolchildren for work in agricultural labor associations]. PMID- 6564024 TI - [Treatment and prevention of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6564025 TI - [Anomalies of the urinary system in children]. PMID- 6564026 TI - [Chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 6564027 TI - [Groups and the risk factors for perinatal pathology]. PMID- 6564028 TI - [Congenital syphilis]. PMID- 6564029 TI - [First aid in food poisoning]. PMID- 6564030 TI - [Propagandizing the problems of protecting nature]. PMID- 6564031 TI - [Let us conserve nature (material for talks)]. PMID- 6564032 TI - [Experience with the organization of periodic medical examinations and dispensary care for workers]. PMID- 6564033 TI - Transactional analysis: a better patient approach. PMID- 6564034 TI - A view of health care in the U.S.S.R. PMID- 6564036 TI - Death on a daily basis. PMID- 6564035 TI - Tetanus: a case presentation. PMID- 6564038 TI - Virginia Henderson: a nursing treasure. PMID- 6564037 TI - The future of the Baylor plan. PMID- 6564039 TI - Legal issues in nursing: "no code" directives. PMID- 6564040 TI - The kinetics of blood coagulability: fibrinolytic and kallikrein-kinin system at the onset and during labor. AB - The relationship between the kallikrein-kinin system, the coagulation system, and the fibrinolytic system was evaluated on 58 patients during pregnancy, labor and puerperium. Also included in this study were 7 patients with premature placental separation. The most prominent changes were those in the kallikrein-kinin system. After the onset of labor, prekallikrein decreases rapidly which may trigger changes in the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic system. The three systems have a close interrelationship possibly affecting uterine contractility during labor and delivery. PMID- 6564041 TI - Automobile restraining devices for children. PMID- 6564042 TI - [Urethral pressure profile in sling operations for stress incontinence]. AB - Abdominovaginal sling procedures are one of the operative methods for treating urinary stress incontinence in women. They are used especially in incontinence associated with severe pelvic floor weakness. By suspending the vesicourethral junction to the anterior abdominal wall by help of a dural or fascial sling, the bladder neck and proximal urethra are restored to their original anatomical position. Changes in intraabdominal pressure are transmitted equally to both bladder and urethra. One of the difficulties during the course of the operation is to maintain proper tension to the sling while suturing it to the rectus sheath. If the sling is placed to loosely, therapeutic failure may result; on the other hand, overtightening of the sling can lead to delayed voiding and retention of urine. With this problem in mind, urethral pressure recordings were performed during the course of 14 abdominovaginal sling operations. Significant changes concerning the functional urethral profile length, the maximum urethral pressure, and especially the shape of the urethral closure pressure profile could be demonstrated following the main operative steps. PMID- 6564043 TI - [Psychological factors in marital sterility and their significance for the later realization of parenthood. 2. Role concept, relationship to partner, subjective evaluation of the cause of sterility]. AB - The results of interviews with 75 infertile married couples show difficulties of the partners to understand their roles and difficulties in the relationship of the couple. Correlations to known causes of the infertility and following conceptions support the opinion that infertile marriages consider themselves better than they are on objective evaluation. Furthermore, there are correlations between the subjective evaluation of the cause of infertility. Four behaviour patterns for the subjective evaluation of the infertility can be recognized. The importance of the evaluated factors for infertility and the treatment of infertility are discussed. PMID- 6564044 TI - [Reduced frequency of gestoses in beta-mimetic treated risk pregnancies with added magnesium therapy]. AB - Retrospectively the 4,905 single pregnancies of the four years 1979-1982 are divided into 882 (18.0%) patients treated by tocolysis and 4,023 (82.0%) patients treated without tocolysis (R). The patients with tocolysis (BMG) received in addition to the Betamimectic agents since 1979 a low dose of magnesium (feto- longoral ) to protect the heart (3-6 mval Mg ++) daily and since early in 1981 to assist in the tocolysis 30 to 40 mval Mg ++ daily in the oral from of magnesium aspartate (Mg 5- Longoral ). The incidence of pre-eclampsia (G) in the groups BMG and R is recorded. The R group constitutes the normal group (N) by substracting the group G. Compared were in the groups NG and BMG the mean age and parity, the incidence of adjuvant magnesium medication, the duration of pregnancy and the incidence of intra-uterine growth retardation ( IUR ). The incidence of pre eclampsia (G) in the 882 patients treated with Betamimetics and magnesium was 0. In the other 4,093 patients the incidence was 97 (2%). The rate of intra-uterine growth (lower than the 10% BPE ) was 9.4% in the 3,093 normal patients, 45.4% in the 97 patients with pre-eclampsia and in the 398 BMG patients of the years 1979 and 1980 with the small addition of magnesium (BMG 1) the incidence was 17.8%. In the 484 patients of the years 1981 and 1982, with large additional doses of magnesium (BMG 2) the incidence was 10.1%. The correlation of the intra-uterine growth retardation degrees (lower than 25% Hohenauer , 10% BPE ) was highest in the group G (1.3:1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6564046 TI - [Colposcopic findings and their histologic correlates]. AB - An evaluation was made of 457 colposcopically guided punch biopsies from patients with suspicious areas in the ectocervical mucous membrane showing leukoplakia, punctations , mosaic structures or atypical transformation zones. Intraepithelial cervical neoplasias could be demonstrated histologically in 56 cases (12.3%). Irrespective of the nature of the epithelial findings, the histological pictures correlated with colposcopic findings in 388 cases (84.9%) as far as epithelial structure, abnormal epithelial-stromal relations, keratoses and stroma alterations are concerned. The correctness of the colposcopic findings can be certified by precise formulation of these changes in the histological report. This additional information is offered to encourage more extensive use of the colposcope . Colposcopy, used routinely and independent of cytology, provides satisfactory quality control for cytology. PMID- 6564045 TI - [Parenchyma pattern and breast cancer. Analyses and consequences]. AB - 500 mammograms were analysed according to Wolfe, with additional mastography group. The mammogram documented a risk pattern which correlated to the statistic increase in carcinoma. Our own experience also showed no correlation between simple mastopathy and carcinoma of the breast. Therefore, the risk pattern should be regarded as part of the known risk factors and should indicate selective screening at a yearly interval, even if clinical examinations are negative. PMID- 6564047 TI - [Frequency, causes and results of dubious smear findings (Papanicolaou III group)]. AB - Suspect smears of 842 patients from 1975-1981 were analysed for their causes and followed up until the definite cytologic or histologic result. The rate of suspect smears was between 1.44 and 0.5%. The most frequent reasons for the classification "suspect" were doubtful precancer, severe inflammatory, degenerative, or atrophic changes, abnormal glandular cells and metaplastic findings. 65% of all cases became negative under cytologic control; of these 83,6% converted to negative within half a year. Histological examination (35%) revealed cancer or precancer in 141 cases, i.e. 16.7% of the whole population. The rate of suspect smears of a laboratory should not exceed one per cent. All cases should be first controlled by means of cytology, if necessary after local treatment. PMID- 6564048 TI - [Prognostic significance of pelvic lymph node metastases in surgically treated cervical cancer]. AB - The prognostic significance of pelvic lymph node metastases in cases of invasive cervical carcinoma treated by radical hysterectomy (meigs- Okabayashi -Held) was analysed in a series of 142 patients who underwent such a procedure during the past ten years at the Gynecological University Hospital in Zurich. Discrepancies between clinical and anatomical staging were noted in 24.6% of the cases. Anatomically, 6 neoplasms were stage Ia lesions, 96 stage Ib, 9 stage IIa and 7 stage IIb. Pelvic lymph node metastases were found in 24 further cases (16.9%) which had, therefore, to be classified as anatomic stage III. The tumour recurred postoperatively in only 9 of the 118 patients (7.6%) with anatomic stage Ia-IIb lesions, but in 10 of the 24 patients with stage III carcinomas (41.7%). In this series, none of the relapsing tumours could be cured, whatever the treatment was. This means that the 6 times higher recurrence rate observed in cases with pelvic lymph node metastases also implicates a 6 times higher mortality. PMID- 6564049 TI - [Personal experiences with the standardized incontinence questionnaire. A comparison with results of urodynamic studies]. AB - The results of the urodynamic investigations in 217 patients with female urinary incontinence are compared to the results of the standardized questionnaire of Gaudenz regarding stress incontinence and urgency incontinence. Investigations showed that the stress incontinence and urgency incontinence score of Gaudenz permits the first rough classification of the symptoms of urinary incontinence from the patient's history. A management discussion as to operative or conservative treatment should not be undertaken according to the questionnaire since the percentage of non correlation between the questionnaire and the urodynamic studies is too high. Our results are demonstrated in tables and the results are discussed with reference to the literature. PMID- 6564050 TI - [Observations on professional organizations]. PMID- 6564051 TI - [Evaluation of the work load in nursing care]. PMID- 6564052 TI - Structure and evolution of mammalian tRNA genes: sequence of a mouse tRNAiMet gene, the 5'-flanking region of which is homologous to a human gene. AB - From a recombinant lambda phage, we have determined a 317-bp sequence containing a mouse tRNAiMet gene. The coding region is precisely homologous to mammalian tRNAiMet if post-transcriptional modifications (including addition of the 3' terminal CCA) are not considered. The gene does not contain introns and has a typical RNA polymerase III termination site in the 3'-flanking region. It is transcribed by RNA polymerase III in the HeLa cell S-100 system in vitro. Notably, the 5'-flanking region of the mouse tRNAiMet gene shares a "patchwork" pattern of homology with one of the human tRNAiMet genes of Santos and Zasloff [Cell 23 (1981) 699-710]. The 5'-flanking regions of the two genes contain strings of nucleotides, 6 to 32 bp in length, the homology of which is 76-100%. These are separated by short strings of unrelated nucleotides. This is one of the first examples of tRNA genes containing homologous 5'-flanking regions isolated from distantly related mammals. We also report a novel method for constructing deletion mutants of sequences cloned in M13 vectors. PMID- 6564053 TI - Helping patients breathe more easily. PMID- 6564054 TI - Evaluation of a health program. PMID- 6564055 TI - Resident for a day. PMID- 6564056 TI - The decision to restrain. PMID- 6564057 TI - Do increased fluids decrease urinary stone formation? PMID- 6564058 TI - Morning sounds. PMID- 6564059 TI - A look at China's eldercare. PMID- 6564060 TI - Nutrition. Fat, cholesterol, and a healthy older heart. PMID- 6564061 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Photosensitizing medications. PMID- 6564062 TI - 70+ and going strong. Bill Baird, the man who pulls the strings. PMID- 6564063 TI - Prekallikrein behaviour in chronic active hepatitis and in cirrhotic patients. AB - Prekallikrein (Prekk), antithrombin III (ATIII), plasminogen and alpha 2 antiplasmin were evaluated in chronic active hepatitis and in liver cirrhotic patients and correlated with Normotest. Prekk, ATII and plasminogen were significantly decreased in chronic active hepatitis as well as in liver cirrhosis. Alpha 2-antiplasmin levels in chronic active hepatitis patients did not differ from controls; liver cirrhotic patients, on the contrary, showed significantly low values of alpha 2-antiplasmin, Prekk, ATIII and plasminogen were significantly correlated with Normotest in both groups, but when cirrhotic patients were divided into the compensated and decompensated state only Prekk was correlated with Normotest in the decompensated state. The investigation seems to suggest that Prekk could be a reliable index for protein liver failure. PMID- 6564064 TI - And the floods came--and so did the baby. PMID- 6564065 TI - Frontier School graduates 94th class as "Kitty" Ernst describes the promise of midwifery. PMID- 6564066 TI - [Elastase treated frozen-dried homologous vein graft for peripheral arterial reconstruction]. PMID- 6564067 TI - [School health, in question again]. PMID- 6564068 TI - [Physiopathology of complications of gastrectomies]. PMID- 6564069 TI - [The elderly faced with aging and hospitalization]. PMID- 6564070 TI - [Day hospitals in psychiatry]. PMID- 6564071 TI - [WHO information. 230 million women in developing countries suffer from nutritional anemia. Greatest prevalence in pregnant women]. PMID- 6564073 TI - [Death with dignity]. PMID- 6564072 TI - [Children at risk, victims of abuse or abandonment: apropos of ministerial regulations]. PMID- 6564074 TI - [Emergence of a new field of education and care: geriatric thanatology]. PMID- 6564075 TI - [Health care for the aged and final support in 4 European countries]. PMID- 6564076 TI - [Death... a challenge]. PMID- 6564077 TI - [Utilization of nurses]. PMID- 6564078 TI - [Legal aspects. When drugs make us go too far!]. PMID- 6564079 TI - Isolation guidelines--A or B? PMID- 6564080 TI - Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia associated with vascular catheters: an important cause of febrile morbidity in hospitalized patients. AB - Seventeen episodes of persistent Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia (one to nine days) occurred in 16 patients with vascular catheters during a 26-month period. Cases were statistically more likely to have a longer hospitalization (54 v 7.6 days, p less than .0005), longer duration of antibiotic therapy (22 v 2.5 days, p = .002), presence of a central venous pressure (CVP) catheter (14 v 2, p less than 3 X 10(-8), and presence of an arterial catheter (4 v 1, p = 0.037) than randomly selected hospitalized patients matched for age, sex, and date of admission. However, when cases were compared with similarly matched non bacteremic patients having CVP catheters, these characteristics were not significantly different in the two groups. Furthermore, exposure to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and duration of TPN were not significantly different between cases and controls. Hence, the presence of a CVP catheter appeared to be the major risk factor for S. epidermidis bacteremia. In 16 episodes, patients had temperature greater than 38.6 degrees C without another identifiable cause, and the average white cell count for the case group was 19,400/mm.3 Seven patients also had diaphoresis, confusion, hypotension, or oliguria. Temperatures returned to normal in 13 within 24 hours after catheter removal, and all patients were afebrile and symptom-free within 72 hours. Thus, vascular catheter-associated S. epidermidis bacteremia was an important case of febrile morbidity in these patients. PMID- 6564081 TI - Nosocomial endocarditis. AB - We analyzed 14 cases of nosocomial infective endocarditis which occurred over a seven-year period at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, and compared them with 90 cases of community-acquired endocarditis. Patients with nosocomial endocarditis were older, more often female, and had a greater incidence of underlying valvular heart disease and bacteremia precipitating invasive procedures (93% v 50%, p less than .05). Forty-three percent of patients had infection at the site of prosthetic valves or intracardiac prosthetic material. The disease carried a significantly higher mortality than community-acquired endocarditis (43% v 11%, p less than .01). The clinical presentation was acute and the infecting organisms reflected the site of origin of bacteremia, with staphylococci from skin and enterococci from urinary sources. Half of the cases in this series may have been prevented by the application of currently recommended preventive and therapeutic practices. Nosocomial endocarditis occurs in a definable sub-population of hospitalized patients and is potentially preventable. PMID- 6564082 TI - Infection control committee minutes--revisited. PMID- 6564083 TI - Employee health guidelines from the American Occupational Medical Association. PMID- 6564084 TI - Lack of utility of routine screening tests for early detection of peritonitis in patients requiring intermittent peritoneal dialysis. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to examine the clinical presentation of peritonitis in patients maintained on intermittent peritoneal dialysis and to determine the value of qualitative and quantitative dialysate cultures, gram stain, neutrophil counts, and a semi-quantitative leukocyte test strip for case detection. Seven cases of peritonitis developed among 30 patients who underwent 553 dialyses. In most cases, neutrophil counts, cultures, and leukocyte test strip determinations were done within 48 hours prior to the clinical onset of peritonitis and in all instances failed to provide clues for incipient infection. Peritonitis was associated with a dialysate neutrophil count of greater than 500/mm3 and leukocyte test strips were highly sensitive and specific for the detection of this quantity of neutrophils. A total of 16 dialysate cultures was positive in asymptomatic patients who did not have peritonitis. None of these patients subsequently developed peritonitis with the same organism. Dialysate gram stains, cultures, neutrophil counts or leukocyte test strips did not provide an early diagnosis of peritonitis and their use in the absence of symptoms is therefore not recommended. PMID- 6564085 TI - Analysis of hospital infection surveillance data. AB - How often infection rates should be calculated and how large a change is required for "significance" are pertinent questions in nosocomial infection surveillance programs. A method is presented which establishes outbreak threshold infection frequencies. Comparison is direct and immediate: computation of rates or use of electronic data processing is not required. We have validated this method, using computer systems, by comparing the distributions of mean weekly incidence and prevalence statistics for each ward by nosocomial infection site in an acute care general hospital against both our theoretical outbreak threshold limits and the distribution of proven infection outbreaks. Sensitive and specific distinction between random variation or sporadic cross-infection and true persisting outbreaks requiring intervention is obtained. This approach provides a simple and timely alternative to intuitive after-the-fact interpretation of infection patterns which is applicable to infection surveillance and cost-effective infection control in hospitals of all sizes. PMID- 6564086 TI - Contamination of irrigation solutions in an operating theatre. AB - Sterile irrigation solution, used in open systems in a conventional orthopedic operating theatre, were examined for bacterial contamination. At the end of 13 of 21 operations (duration greater than or equal to one hour) the solution tested displayed the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and/or diphtheroid rods and/or other species. It is concluded that irrigation by solutions, kept in open bowls during an operation, is a potential source of contamination. PMID- 6564087 TI - Klebsiella. PMID- 6564088 TI - Ethylene oxide environmental monitors. PMID- 6564089 TI - Results of a survey of ventilator circuit practices in the United States. PMID- 6564090 TI - The experience of Home-Start. PMID- 6564091 TI - Childminding and the work of the preschool adviser. PMID- 6564092 TI - Childminders' contact with health visitors results of a nationwide survey. PMID- 6564093 TI - Motivation. PMID- 6564095 TI - Supervised practice--a baptism of fire? PMID- 6564094 TI - Breaking the cycle of breast feeding failure. PMID- 6564096 TI - What do our ten-year old children eat? PMID- 6564097 TI - The school nurse as a health educator. PMID- 6564098 TI - Operation smokestop. PMID- 6564099 TI - Respiratory muscle dysfunction. PMID- 6564100 TI - Respiratory muscle training: implications for patient care. PMID- 6564101 TI - Respiratory muscle training with the incentive spirometer resistive breathing device. AB - Utilizing the conceptual scheme of Kim, this study focused on the effect of inspiratory muscle training on the strength of the respiratory muscles, exercise performance, clinical manifestations, and activities of daily living. Unlike previous studies, inspiratory muscle training was performed by the use of an ISRBD that gave alinear inspiratory resistance of 50 cm H2O/L/sec at 1 L/sec flow. Subjects used an ISRBD twice a day for 15 minutes each day for 4 weeks. Strength of respiratory muscles as measured by PImax and sputum expectoration improved significantly (P less than 0.05) but there was no significant change in exercise performance (12-minute walk distance), other clinical signs and symptoms, or activities of daily living. Visual feedback given by the bellows of the ISRBD that inflated and deflated with inspiration and expiration apparently served as a positive reinforcer and motivator for most subjects. Daily logs of clinical signs and symptoms and activities of daily living, along with weekly telephone conferences with each subject, provided comprehensive data and may have contributed to the high compliance rate (98%) in this study. PMID- 6564102 TI - Respiratory muscle function: a clinical study. PMID- 6564103 TI - Respiratory muscle function in health. AB - Normally both quiet breathing and augmented ventilation during physical exercise are sustained by the inspiratory muscles around the chest wall. Among these, the diaphragm is most important. The inspiratory muscles of the upper airways must also contract to permit inspiration to occur. The expiratory muscles of the chest wall and abdomen do not normally participate in breathing per se, but are critically important for coughing. The strength of respiratory muscle contraction, as estimated from maximum static inspiratory and expiratory pressures, depends on neural drive, the length at which the muscles contract, and the velocity with which they shorten during contraction. The intrinsic strength of the respiratory muscles also depends on whether they are hypertrophied, or atrophied consequent to weight loss. As a result of the structural and biochemical properties of their muscle fibers and their blood supply, normal respiratory muscles have a high level of endurance. However, even well-trained normal subjects may develop inspiratory muscle fatigue if they are subjected to severe inspiratory resistive loads, hypoxia, high levels of physical exercise at normal atmospheric pressure, or work under hyperbaric conditions. The respiratory muscles of normal subjects respond to training. Strength training regimens enhance respiratory muscle but not ventilatory endurance, and vice versa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6564104 TI - The patient with myocardial infarction: rest prescriptions for activities of daily living. PMID- 6564105 TI - In-hospital progressive activity: comparison between myocardial infarction occurring without complications and with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 6564106 TI - The effects of the endotracheal tube suctioning/manual hyperventilation procedure on patients with severe closed head injuries. AB - The findings of this clinical study suggest that the ETTS/MH procedure could be safely performed upon patients with severe closed head injuries whose baseline measurements of MICP were within the range of 0 to 20 mm Hg, provided the CPP was maintained at 50 mm Hg or greater. The advantages of performing the ETTS/MH procedure upon intubated patients far outweigh the possible disadvantages. The removal of pulmonary mucus plugs and secretions, which subsequently prevents hypercarbia and hypoxemia, is very important to the patient's recovery. In most situations, stimulation of the cough reflex through ETTS or even MH can help prevent atelectasis, a frequent pulmonary complication of neurologically depressed patients. Atelectasis can result in hypoxia that may adversely affect the cerebrovascular status. In addition, the results of this study suggest that multiple MHs after the third and subsequent ETTSs should be extended to a longer time interval, perhaps 60 seconds, in order that the physiologic measurements of MABP, MICP, CPP, and HR more closely approach the baseline levels. Also it is suggested that nurses performing the ETTS/MH procedure delay initiation of levels of physiologic function used to assess cerebrovascular status are reached. PMID- 6564108 TI - Advanced cardiac life support training course for emergency and critical care nurses. PMID- 6564107 TI - Ultrafiltration for the treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6564109 TI - Sudden death: biopsychosocial factors. PMID- 6564110 TI - Professional nursing issues in the administration of investigational antiarrhythmic medications. AB - This article examined the trepidation that is often present with the use of investigational antiarrhythmic medications. It specifically addressed the professional and legal responsibilities to which coinvestigator nurses are accountable in the administration of these drugs. In addition, recommendations were given on how the coinvestigator nurse can assess the special needs, particularly the socioeconomic needs, of the patient who receives investigational antiarrhythmic medication so that appropriate interventions may be provided. PMID- 6564111 TI - Attitudes affecting organ donation in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6564112 TI - The relationship between stressful life events and electrocardiogram abnormalities. PMID- 6564113 TI - A comparison of blood cultures withdrawn from the arterial line and by venipuncture. PMID- 6564114 TI - Carotid artery injury during attempted internal jugular vein catheterization. PMID- 6564115 TI - Knotting of a Swan-Ganz catheter in the right ventricle. PMID- 6564116 TI - Follow-up of cardiac pacemaker recipients: a pilot study. PMID- 6564117 TI - Pacemaker update 1984. Part II. The pacemaker syndrome. AB - When ventricular pacemakers are implanted in patients who still retain normal AV conduction, retrograde conduction may activate the atria after ventricular activation. This results in a retrograde flow of blood from the ventricles to the atria with flooding of the jugular and pulmonary veins. Weakness or syncope can then occur as a result of lower cardiac output or congestive heart failure. A change to a dual-chamber pacemaker that produces AV synchrony is often necessary. PMID- 6564118 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage masquerading electrocardiographically as acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6564119 TI - Catheter-acquired infection. PMID- 6564120 TI - Guillain-Barre Syndrome Support Group. PMID- 6564121 TI - The hidden menace. PMID- 6564123 TI - Enhancing intellectual performance in older people. PMID- 6564122 TI - Discharge, planning: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. PMID- 6564124 TI - The evil eye phenomenon: its implications for community health nursing. PMID- 6564125 TI - Self-help/self-care groups: a needed helping hand. PMID- 6564126 TI - Blood pressure teaching and screening programs for school children in grades 5-8. Cost containment measures for the 1990's and 2000's? PMID- 6564127 TI - Early morning visit. PMID- 6564128 TI - Comparison of tube dilution and microtitre methods for the detection of antibiotic tolerance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Comparison of the MICs and MBCs of oxacillin for ten isolates of Staphylococcus aureus determined by tube dilution with those by microtitre dilution tests demonstrated that, whereas the MICs did not differ, the mean MBC by tube dilution was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that by microtitre after both 24 and 48 h of incubation. In addition, tolerance (MBC/MIC ratio greater than 32) was seen in four of ten strains with the tube dilution method but in only one strain with the microtitre technique after 24 h of incubation. These results and the poor correlation (r = 0.33) between MBCs by these methods indicate the importance of technical factors in the quantitation of MBCs and resulting identification of tolerance in Staph. aureus, and the need for a reference procedure in determination of MBCs. PMID- 6564129 TI - High density lipoproteins and lecithin dispersions increase the activity of 3 hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase by increasing the rate of synthesis and decreasing the rate of degradation of the enzyme. AB - Incubation of rat hepatocytes, prepared from rats fed a normal diet, with either human high density lipoproteins or lecithin dispersions resulted in a dose-and time-dependent increase in the specific activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase. Incubation of cells with both high density lipoprotein and lecithin dispersions resulted in an additive stimulation of enzymic activity. We used pulse and pulse-chase experiments, followed by immunoprecipitation of the radiolabeled reductase, to demonstrate that high density lipoproteins and lecithin dispersions resulted in increased rates of synthesis and decreased rates of degradation of the reductase. We also demonstrate, by the use of immunoblots, that the increased enzymic activity was paralleled by an equivalent increase in the mass of the reductase. Addition of human low density lipoprotein to rat hepatocytes resulted in a small decrease in both enzymic activity and enzyme synthesis. PMID- 6564130 TI - Degradation of apolipoprotein B-100 of human plasma low density lipoproteins by tissue and plasma kallikreins. AB - Human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) contain one major apoprotein of apparent Mr = 550,000 designated apolipoprotein B-100 (apo-B-100) and in some LDL preparations, minor components termed apo-B-74 (Mr = 410,000) and apo-B-26 (Mr = 145,000). The structural and metabolic relationships among these LDL apoproteins remain obscure. In the present study, we show that the mixing of proteolytic inhibitors with blood at the moment of collection prevents the appearance of apo B-74 and -26 in plasma LDL indicating that these peptides are derived by proteolytic degradation of apo-B-100. In order to simulate the degradation in vitro, LDL were digested with plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, and tissue and plasma kallikreins and the degradation products analyzed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. While plasmin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin caused extensive degradation of apo-B-100, thrombin, and tissue and plasma kallikreins generated limited cleavage patterns. LDL digested with thrombin contained stoichiometric amounts of two peptides with apparent Mr = 385,000 and 170,000. Mixing experiments showed that the thrombin-derived peptides of apo-B-100 did not co-migrate with apo-B-74 and B-26 during electrophoresis indicating that these peptides were different. In contrast, LDL digested with kallikrein contained stoichiometric amounts of two peptides with apparent molecular weights identical to apo-B-74 and -26. Together, the above results indicate that apo-B-74 and -26 are degradation products of apo-B-100 and are not produced by the action of thrombin. Whether the expression of a kallikrein-like activity in vivo accounts for the specific degradation of LDL B-100 to yield LDL B-74 and -26 remains to be determined. PMID- 6564131 TI - Urinary kallikrein excretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its relationship to glycemic control. AB - The renal kallikrein-kinin system is thought to be involved in vasoregulatory and epithelial ion-transporting processes. Renal kallikrein has not been studied in patients with diabetes mellitus, a disease in which abnormalities of renal hemodynamics and electrolyte handling occur. The urinary excretion of this kallikrein was measured in 20 type I diabetic patients and 10 normal subjects. On a 120-meq Na diet, daily kallikrein excretion, determined by both esterase activity and direct RIA, in 12 poorly controlled diabetic patients [hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) = 14.2 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SEM)] was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than excretion in 8 diabetic patients in good to moderately good control (HbA1c = 9.4 +/- 0.5%) or in 10 normal subjects. In these groups, urinary esterase activities were 9.4 +/- 1.0, 6.1 +/- 1.4, and 6.7 +/- 0.5 esterase units/24 h, respectively. Corresponding excretion values of immunoreactive kallikrein were 171 +/- 14, 118 +/- 26, and 123 +/- 11 micrograms/24 h. Creatinine clearances were similar in the three groups. Urinary kallikrein was also measured in 8 diabetic and 8 normal subjects during 7 subsequent days of 10 meq Na intake. It increased less in diabetic patients than in normal subjects during Na depletion (P less than 0.02). The increase in urinary kallikrein in the diabetic patients was inversely related to their HbA1c levels (r = 0.88; P less than 0.01). The effect of glycemic control on urinary kallikrein excretion was determined in nine diabetic patients. Initial glycemic control was achieved using an artificial endocrine pancreas (Biostator) and was maintained by continuous sc insulin infusion with a portable pump. Before glycemic control, urinary kallikrein was 190 +/- 30 micrograms/24 h (by RIA). After 8-12 days of glycemic control, excretion fell to 144 +/- 23 micrograms/24 h (P less than 0.02). The abnormalities in kallikrein excretion in diabetic patients were not correlated with differences in water, electrolyte, protein, glucose, or aldosterone excretion in any of the studies. These results show that kallikrein excretion was increased in patients with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes, and excretion rose less in diabetic subjects with low Na intake than in normal subjects. Strict glycemic control decreased urinary kallikrein excretion. These findings suggest that the renal kallikrein-kinin system is functioning abnormally in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6564132 TI - Allotypes of murine factor B controlled by a locus within the S region of the H-2 complex. AB - Bf protein was directly precipitated from a mixture of EDTA-plasma from 13 different, inbred strains and rabbit IgG anti-mouse Bf, and was isolated by SDS PAGE. The gel pieces containing Bf protein were digested by trypsin after labeling with 125I-Na, and then peptides of Bf protein with each mouse strain were compared by two-dimensional peptide mapping. The results for the peptide patterns with the standard B10 congenic strains (all of which Bf phenotypes had been already designated as Bf.1 because of the identical isoelectric point values) revealed two distinct peptide patterns. The peptide pattern of Bf protein appeared to be identical in each of the inbred strains, but only one of the 36 spots in the fingerprint observed either with B10 or B10.BR (designated tentatively as Bf.1 (b.k.) ) was not detected in that from B10.D2 and B10.S (designated tentatively as Bf.1 (d.s.) ). The results of peptide mapping with intra-H-2 recombinant inbred strains show that this structural variant was mapped to the S region, which is direct evidence that allotypes of murine Bf are encoded by a structural gene within the MHC. PMID- 6564134 TI - Arabian story. "A thousand and one challenges". PMID- 6564133 TI - Endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rabbits: expression of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in vivo and in vitro. AB - Whether a strain of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus susceptible to cephalothin by the disk-diffusion method was also susceptible to cephalothin in vivo was evaluated in the rabbit model of endocarditis. Rabbits with aortic-valve endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus that were treated for four days with cephalothin had the same numbers of organisms in vegetations as did untreated rabbits. Treatment with cephalothin caused emergence of a highly resistant subpopulation in aortic-valve vegetations. Organisms highly resistant to cephalothin were also highly resistant to nafcillin. Thus broth-dilution and disk-diffusion tests may not predict therapeutic failure for cephalothin against strains of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Because of cross-resistances among beta-lactam drugs, these strains should be considered uniformly resistant to this general class of antimicrobial agents, regardless of results from these tests. PMID- 6564136 TI - Towards the next 50 years. PMID- 6564135 TI - Living with depression isn't to depressing anymore. PMID- 6564137 TI - Extract from Catholic professional nursing association on national and international level. PMID- 6564138 TI - Identification of neurosurgical patients susceptible to pulmonary infection. PMID- 6564139 TI - Neurosurgical wound infections: methodological and clinical factors affecting calculation of infection rates. PMID- 6564140 TI - Meningococcemia: a case report. AB - Meningococci in their pathogenic state can result in meningitis and/or meningococcemia. Fulminant meningococcemia has a high fatality rate and encompasses multiple complications which occur concurrently. Only with immediate and intensive care treatment can there be any hope of survival. Even with survival of the disease, the resulting complications and treatments can be overwhelming. The case report clearly demonstrates the extensiveness of the disease, but also displays a positive outcome in this particular case. PMID- 6564141 TI - Care of the unconscious patient: a problem-oriented approach. PMID- 6564142 TI - Dysphasia, dyspraxia, and dysarthria: distinguishing features, Part I. PMID- 6564143 TI - Systemic cardiovascular effects of intracranial disorders: implications for nursing care. AB - Autonomic nervous system imbalances are implicated in the genesis of cardiovascular systemic effects of brain disorders. With many potentially lethal cardiovascular problems, sympathetic predominance over parasympathetic stimuli prevails. Autonomic nervous system imbalances may be caused not only by over activity or depression of either the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous systems but also by unchanged activity of one and depression or overactivity of the other. Because the autonomic nervous system has representation in all levels of the brain, it becomes apparent why diverse brain disorders could trigger these effects. It is possible that more than one systemic effect may occur in a patient during the course of an acute brain insult. The hypothalamus, with its anterior parasympathetic nervous system centers and posterolateral sympathetic nervous system centers, plays an important role in the autonomic nervous system. Its role has been more clearly identified than other portions of the central autonomic system. Nursing implications for the care of patients with cardiovascular effects have been identified. Many of these effects may go unnoticed in the early stages because of lack of knowledge; consequently, opportunities for early therapeutic interventions are lost to the detriment of the patient. These effects, when unrecognized and untreated, compound the primary and secondary intracranial insults. They can contribute to the rapid deterioration and demise of the patient, especially if he is unstable and has lost intracranial compliance, autoregulation, and vasomotor tone. Because many of these patients, have had no evidence of cardiovascular problems prior to the acute brain insult, it behooves nurses to familiarize themselves with the signs and symptoms of the systemic cardiovascular effects and appropriately intervene to prevent or offset the complications they produce in the acutely brain-damaged patient. PMID- 6564144 TI - The consequences of crushing poverty: a nurse fights back. PMID- 6564145 TI - I ran a marathon... after a heart attack. PMID- 6564146 TI - Spiritual care. After the psych unit. How to help chronic psychiatric patients with religious questions. PMID- 6564148 TI - Nurses need to grieve. PMID- 6564147 TI - Who should give spiritual care? PMID- 6564149 TI - Case study: when a nurse steals narcotics. PMID- 6564150 TI - An inpatient educational group on stress & coping. PMID- 6564151 TI - The nurse as leader. Group psychotherapy with psychotic patients. PMID- 6564152 TI - Interview: a visit with James Clarke of England's Broadmoor Hospital. PMID- 6564153 TI - Unwanted sexual experiences of young women. PMID- 6564154 TI - Calculated power absorption patterns for hyperthermia applicators consisting of electric dipole arrays. AB - We have applied the plane-wave spectrum method to obtain a technique for calculating the internal fields in a lossy dielectric half-space irradiated by rather arbitrary sources. We used the technique to calculate power absorption profiles of some idealized aperture sources to gain insight into how the source parameters affect the power absorption profile. With this insight, we next calculated power absorption profiles of some linear electric dipole antenna arrays. From these results we developed a simpler method of optimizing the antenna parameters by calculating their field pattern in an infinite water medium, which does not require the PWS method and is therefore faster and cheaper. Using this technique, we found an antenna array with reasonably practical parameters that produces an appealing calculated power absorption profile. We also made some calculations based on a simple approximate model that indicate that a three-element dipole array on the front of a patient and a similar one on the back could produce deep central heating. Although our calculations are based on a somewhat crude dielectric half-space model of the body, the results provide valuable insight about power absorption profiles and indicate that practical systems for producing deep internal heating without overheating the surface of the body could be developed. PMID- 6564155 TI - Electromagnetic dosimetry in a Crawford cell: 225 to 500 MHz. AB - A Crawford cell exposure chamber (main section 30 cm square) was used for electromagnetic dosimetry in the 225 to 500 MHz frequency range. Electric field patterns were measured within the cell. No higher-order modes were observed at any of the frequencies studied below 500 MHz, but significant field perturbations were seen at 2450 MHz. Energy absorption in a prolate spheroidal hamster phantom and in saline-filled spheres of various sizes was measured. The normalized whole body specific absorption rate (SAR) in watts/kg per mW/cm2 increased from 0.11 (at 225 MHz) to 0.42 (at 450 MHz) for the hamster phantom in E polarization, from 0.06 (at 325 MHz) to 0.20 (at 500 MHz) for K polarization, and from 0.03 (at 325 MHz) to 0.12 (at 500 MHz) for H polarization. Although these values exceed predictions from the long-wavelength far-field approximation for power absorption, the measured SARs were corroborated directly using calorimetry. In addition, calorimetric data obtained using saline-filled spheres suggests that absorbed power in a Crawford cell converges to the far-field plane wave theoretical values only for objects occupying less than 20% of the vertical dimension from the septum to the outer wall. PMID- 6564156 TI - Systemic alteration in blood glucose levels following localized deep microwave hyperthermia. AB - Blood glucose levels were temporarily elevated in normal rabbits subjected to one localized microwave hyperthermia treatment in the rectum. A major peak of blood glucose level was observed 8 hours after treatment, and a second minor peak was measured 14-17 hours after treatment. These findings indicate that localized microwave hyperthermia affects the host systemically. PMID- 6564157 TI - [Activation of urinary kallikrein in human urine by trypsin]. PMID- 6564158 TI - [Urinary kallikrein excretion in patients with nephrotic syndrome and evaluation of the anlytical methods]. PMID- 6564159 TI - [Health education given at the newborn infant care unit in preparation for discharge]. PMID- 6564160 TI - [Necessity of a health education class for the puerperal period and description of the class]. PMID- 6564161 TI - [Importance of continued nursing in community health care: Health education after discharge using maternity cards]. PMID- 6564162 TI - [Instructions on sexual activities and contraception]. PMID- 6564163 TI - [Problems in infant care and patients' expectations on post-discharge health instructions reflected in the emergency telephone line for infant care]. PMID- 6564164 TI - [Mammary duct obstruction often seen in the puerperal period]. PMID- 6564165 TI - [Changes in the practice of infant feeding associated with the creation of an infant nursing room at our hospital]. PMID- 6564166 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 11. Maternal behavior and hormones]. PMID- 6564167 TI - [Introduction to research survey methods. 23. The life table and its epidemiological application]. PMID- 6564168 TI - [Hawaii report. Sex change]. PMID- 6564169 TI - [Invitation to a wonderful childbirth]. PMID- 6564171 TI - [Current needs for health education of patients after discharge]. PMID- 6564170 TI - [Prognosis of a premature infant with pelvic presentation]. PMID- 6564172 TI - [Planning of clinical training and the role of instructors in practice--for effective clinical training]. PMID- 6564173 TI - [A viewpoint in teaching in clinical training of midwifery students--based on personal experiences in training in a delivery room]. PMID- 6564174 TI - [Status of and standard for clinical training in obstetrical nursing]. PMID- 6564175 TI - [Outline for clinical training in obstetrical nursing at a 3-year nursing school]. PMID- 6564176 TI - [Practice of clinical training]. PMID- 6564177 TI - [Expectations of the nursing staff on clinical training]. PMID- 6564178 TI - [New educational programs for expectant mothers]. PMID- 6564179 TI - [Life style changes and customs related to childbirth--a survey conducted at Ogano-machi, Chichibu-gun, Saitama prefecture]. PMID- 6564180 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 12. Hormones responsible for fetal lung maturation]. PMID- 6564181 TI - [Research survey. 24. A summary of study methods]. PMID- 6564182 TI - [Hawaii report. "Your neighbor's son" a documentary film depicting the cruelty]. PMID- 6564183 TI - [Physiopathology of pregnancy-induced hypertension]. PMID- 6564185 TI - [Progress in midwifery activities in the United States (1): a 1-year observation]. PMID- 6564184 TI - [On maternal psychology]. PMID- 6564186 TI - [On attending the 7th International Congress on Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology held in Dublin, Ireland]. PMID- 6564187 TI - [Survey on continued obstetrical care by students of midwifery schools: studies at 1982 and 1983 summer seminars for midwifery instructors]. PMID- 6564188 TI - [Nursing problems related to hysterectomy--from a survey on the effect of female psychology, sexual activities, and postoperative disorders]. PMID- 6564190 TI - [Data indicated on the Minoruta Icterometer and the serum bilirubin content]. PMID- 6564189 TI - [Reliability and future application of a transcutaneous bilirubinometer]. PMID- 6564191 TI - [Nursing care of a patient with complicated pregnancy: a case of aplastic anemia undergoing cesarean section]. PMID- 6564193 TI - [Report from the frontline of perinatology]. PMID- 6564192 TI - [Nursing care study of pregnancy subsequent to treatment for sterility]. PMID- 6564194 TI - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 1. Pregnancy and drugs (1). Effects of drugs on the fetus]. PMID- 6564195 TI - [Obstetrical endocrinology. 13. An endocrinological approach to pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6564196 TI - [Breech presentation and cesarean section]. PMID- 6564197 TI - [Expectations of and overview on maternal-child health centers: at Kochi Prefecture]. PMID- 6564198 TI - [The maternal-child health center at Nango-cho, Miyagi Prefecture]. PMID- 6564200 TI - [The maternal-child health center at Takeishi-mura, Nagano Prefecture]. PMID- 6564199 TI - [The maternal-child health center at Yusuhara-cho, Kochi Prefecture]. PMID- 6564201 TI - [Lessons in regional obstetrical and pediatric care at the maternal-child health center at Abu-cho, Yamaguchi Prefecture]. PMID- 6564203 TI - [Excerpt from the 1980 survey on the activities at maternal-child health centers and municipal health centers]. PMID- 6564202 TI - [Function of the maternal-child health center in primary care. A discussion]. PMID- 6564204 TI - [On the system of the "professional nurse" (a tentative title) and associated educational requirements proposed by the Japan Nursing Association]. PMID- 6564205 TI - [Progress in midwifery activities in the United States (2): a 1-year observation]. PMID- 6564206 TI - [Changes in and practice of delivery by patients in a sitting position. The practice at our hospital]. PMID- 6564207 TI - [Notes by a nurse-midwife assigned to a hospital]. PMID- 6564208 TI - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 2. Pregnancy and drugs. (2). Maternal-fetal exchange]. PMID- 6564209 TI - [Obstetrical endocrinology. 14 Current treatment of pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6564210 TI - [Care of mild diabetes in pregnant patients]. PMID- 6564211 TI - [The starting point of the mother-child relationship--attitude of personnel serving as psychological support to the mother]. PMID- 6564213 TI - [The newborn infant and mother-child interactions]. PMID- 6564212 TI - [Psychological state during pregnancy and mother-child relationship--responses to the SCT-PKS (sentence-completion test for pregnant women)]. PMID- 6564214 TI - [Premature infants in mother-child interactions and nursing actions]. PMID- 6564215 TI - [On the support of mothers and children through home visiting care of newborn infants]. PMID- 6564216 TI - [Support in the early establishment of mother-child relationship--in breast feeding, mothering and maternal behavior]. PMID- 6564217 TI - [Opportunities for the development of mother-child relationship--the role of nursing observed in a process record]. PMID- 6564218 TI - [Training in the use of the examination stand in obstetrics and the level of learning nursing technics associated with the diagnostic procedure]. PMID- 6564219 TI - [Study of menstruation-associated symptoms (5). Premenstrual tension]. PMID- 6564220 TI - [Essay by nurses. 2. Personal experience in childbirth as the best lesson in nursing]. PMID- 6564221 TI - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 3. Pregnancy and drugs. 3. Drugs with their risk superseding the benefits]. PMID- 6564222 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 15. Placental steroid hormones]. PMID- 6564223 TI - [Enhancement of intrauterine fetal growth]. PMID- 6564224 TI - [Primary nursing, a very attractive nursing system. Discussion]. PMID- 6564225 TI - [Applicability of primary nursing in Japan: on changes related to nursing]. PMID- 6564226 TI - [Primary nursing in Japan. Better understanding of children: for improved nursing of children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6564227 TI - [Symposium: the role of nursing and changing characteristics of sanatoria]. PMID- 6564228 TI - [Bedside nursing: approach to a patient who expresses his feelings through sexual behavior]. PMID- 6564229 TI - [Discovery of the uniqueness of patients: reconstruction of an interaction with a patient with delusions]. PMID- 6564230 TI - [In search of regional nursing possibilities--rediscovery of humanity through the cooperation between the public health clinic and the hospital]. PMID- 6564231 TI - [A chosen mother: life with a handicapped child. 5. Hardship is not limited to the mother]. PMID- 6564232 TI - [Physical training at homes for the aged. 1. Aging as a natural process]. PMID- 6564233 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Tomiyo Yamagami, a pediatric specialist]. PMID- 6564235 TI - [Overseas report. The desk nurse (1): the person responsible for sudden changes in patients]. PMID- 6564234 TI - [Geriatric care in the United States. 5. Organization of the supply system: geriatric care offered by Veterans and general hospitals]. PMID- 6564236 TI - [Continuity of nursing through a nursing summary at patient's discharge and nursing notes]. PMID- 6564237 TI - [Use of the nursing summary as a method of information transmission--continued nursing and feedback from the ward to the ambulatory nursing section]. PMID- 6564238 TI - [Nursing summary and continuity in nursing--through the activities of a nursing correlation conference]. PMID- 6564239 TI - [Summary on rehabilitation nursing prepared at the time of patient discharge]. PMID- 6564240 TI - [Utilization of nursing summary at patient discharge: with special reference to a summary on patients with myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6564241 TI - [Preparation of a nursing summary to be subjected to nursing review--with evaluation of examples cited at the Nursing Information Committee]. PMID- 6564242 TI - [Role of the social worker in a medical care team, a study of a diabetic patient with difficulties in self care]. PMID- 6564243 TI - [Advice by a nursing director: importance of an encounter with others]. PMID- 6564244 TI - [A chosen mother: life with a handicapped child. 6]. PMID- 6564245 TI - [Rehabilitation training at a home for the aged. 2. Individualized heights of beds]. PMID- 6564246 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 3. Activities for the aged to avoid the bedridden state]. PMID- 6564247 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 6. The Ethics Review Board]. PMID- 6564248 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Yoshie Hirota, a recently retired nursing administrator of the Tokyo Women's Medical College]. PMID- 6564249 TI - [Geriatric care in the United States. 6. Trends toward regional care]. PMID- 6564250 TI - [Overseas report. Desk nurses (2). Exchange service and ward clerks]. PMID- 6564251 TI - [Patients at a diabetic clinic. Power of persuasion]. PMID- 6564252 TI - [Opening of Yodogawa Christian Hospital Hospice]. PMID- 6564253 TI - [Nursing students and nursing research]. PMID- 6564254 TI - [Current status of nursing schools and the system of nursing education: a survey on nursing schools and their teaching staff]. PMID- 6564256 TI - [Factors related to the development of nursing student's attitude and behavioral tendencies toward death and dying patients]. PMID- 6564255 TI - [Current status and problems of nursing schools affiliated with National Hospitals and Sanatoria]. PMID- 6564257 TI - [Study on the attainment of the educational goal in the emotional area: toward more humane education]. PMID- 6564258 TI - [Training to pediatric nursing: nursing with consideration toward growth and development of children (2). Play and associated assistance]. PMID- 6564259 TI - [On nursing education. 21. Nursing education and clinical training]. PMID- 6564260 TI - [Toward future nursing: a thought through practice. (3). Nursing focal points and development of nursing as an academic study]. PMID- 6564262 TI - [Learning achievement in clinical training in nursing management]. PMID- 6564261 TI - [Closer interaction with children]. PMID- 6564264 TI - [Observation on the changes in the style of learning nursing technics in the course of clinical training]. PMID- 6564263 TI - [Preparation of a goal in clinical training for the purpose of summation of comprehensive nursing and other theories--clarification of students' views in nursing]. PMID- 6564265 TI - [Mutual evaluation for improvement of teaching in clinical training]. PMID- 6564266 TI - [Study on goal attainment in the emotional aspects of nursing: towards training to nurture richer personality (2)]. PMID- 6564267 TI - [Nursing technology and home life]. PMID- 6564268 TI - [Teaching using a clinical patient with an adult disease, and students' reactions]. PMID- 6564269 TI - [Surgical nursing (1). Patient's posture at enlargement of the cervical canal]. PMID- 6564270 TI - [On nursing education. 23. My concept of the starting point in nursing]. PMID- 6564271 TI - [Nursing in the future: a thought through practice (5). The goal of nursing studies]. PMID- 6564272 TI - [Team work for better regional public health activities. A panel discussion]. PMID- 6564273 TI - [National Health Insurance and future activities of the public health facilities]. PMID- 6564274 TI - [Team care and public health activities: a citizen's viewpoint]. PMID- 6564275 TI - [Personal recollection of public health nursing activities at Gunma Prefecture. Regression of public health services at legislative redistricting and combining of towns and villages]. PMID- 6564276 TI - [Evaluation of public health nursing activities--care of the aged at Okutama machi]. PMID- 6564277 TI - [Learning experience at the Nursing Research Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare]. PMID- 6564278 TI - [An example of application of a teaching plan]. PMID- 6564279 TI - [Management of a case of child abuse--from the time of discovery to her placement at a child care facility]. PMID- 6564280 TI - The role of a nurse in the United States. PMID- 6564281 TI - Determined soul to live. PMID- 6564282 TI - The Council of National Representatives Brasilia, 6th-10th June 1983. PMID- 6564283 TI - The nutritional status of pregnant women in Kitui. PMID- 6564284 TI - The effect of traditional medicine on mental health. PMID- 6564285 TI - Medicalization of life. PMID- 6564287 TI - [Nursing intervention in relation to development level of early adolescence]. PMID- 6564286 TI - [Nurse's role in health promotion of school children and adolescents]. PMID- 6564288 TI - [Nursing intervention in relation to development level of middle age]. PMID- 6564289 TI - [Nursing intervention in relation to development level of old age]. PMID- 6564290 TI - [A study on the comparison of nursing role expectation among nurses, patients and doctors]. PMID- 6564291 TI - [Critical analysis of life events research]. PMID- 6564292 TI - [Children's health--tomorrow's wealth. The role of the nurse in health promotion of preschool children]. PMID- 6564293 TI - [The agitated aggressive patient]. PMID- 6564294 TI - [Medical records: examination for the patient?]. PMID- 6564295 TI - [Instruction in medical equipment in nursing education?]. PMID- 6564296 TI - [ECG changes in heart infarct]. PMID- 6564297 TI - [A contribution to medical anthropology. The manipulated person. I. What is man?]. PMID- 6564298 TI - [What can we change?]. PMID- 6564299 TI - [Short art of bandaging. Current status]. PMID- 6564300 TI - [Routine and risk of transurethral bladder catheterization. How hazardous is bladder catheterization in reality?]. PMID- 6564301 TI - Family life education in California ninth and tenth grades. AB - Superintendents , principals and family life education teachers in all California school districts having a ninth and/or 10th grade were surveyed about their family life education ( FLE ) efforts. Responses were obtained from 80% of the superintendents , 45% of the principals and 39% of the FLE teachers who were sent questionnaires. While most superintendents reported the existence of an FLE program in at least one district school, the surveys revealed that less than one fourth of ninth graders and less than one-third of 10th graders received such instruction during the 1981-1982 academic year. District decisions to offer FLE were reported to be most strongly influenced by school faculty and administrators while the decision not to offer FLE was most strongly influenced by clergy and special interest groups. More than half of the FLE teachers who returned surveys taught FLE as a unit within another course. Teachers generally covered a variety of curriculum topics, with units/courses most likely to address human development, physiology and sexual disease and least likely to deal with value laden topics such as premarital intercourse, sexual behavior and sexual preference. However, the greater number of class hours devoted to FLE , the greater the chance that these issues were covered in the curriculum. Finally, the data reveal that evaluation of FLE courses was relatively limited in scope and was largely subjective in many schools. PMID- 6564302 TI - A comparison of smoking related attitudes and behaviors among Kentucky public school children whose families are and are not involved in tobacco production. AB - School health education has an important role to play in discouraging teenage smoking. However, it is likely that government, the general public and students themselves will be less favorable toward smoking education in major tobacco producing states. To determine whether students whose families are involved in tobacco production hold more favorable attitudes toward smoking and smoke more than children whose families are not involved, 1,322 Kentucky public school students in grades five-12 were surveyed regarding smoking attitudes and behavior. Twenty-one percent (276) of the students reported that their families were involved in tobacco production. Tobacco family students held more favorable attitudes toward smoking and a larger percentage of these children smoked and smoked more than their nontobacco family peers. These differences were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Tobacco family children appear to be at high risk for smoking-related disease and may prove resistant to some antismoking messages. Developing effective smoking education programs in major tobacco states in an important challenge for school health education. PMID- 6564303 TI - Research questions in health education: a professional evaluation. PMID- 6564304 TI - Ingredients in nutrition education: family involvement, reading and race. AB - The Chicago Heart Health Curriculum Program ( CHHCP ) is a comprehensive cardiovascular disease risk-reduction program specially designed for a multiracial population of sixth-grade students and their families. It was implemented in a large urban school system with Asian, black, Hispanic and white students. Pretest, posttest and follow-up data were collected. The purposes of this study were to compare the differential involvement of the four race/ethnic groups in the family intervention and to evaluate the program's immediate and long-term impact on students' nutrition knowledge, attitude and behaviors. Results indicated it was possible to conduct a family intervention with an educationally and racially diverse urban population. The patterns of family involvement and student outcomes varied for the different groups. Reading was significantly related to nutrition knowledge and attitude but not to behavior. Reinforcement appears to be necessary for students to maintain changes over time. PMID- 6564305 TI - Development of a youth adaptation rating scale. PMID- 6564306 TI - Alcohol and other drug use and automobile safety: a survey of Boston-area teen agers. AB - To provide educators with information regarding students' behaviors and beliefs about drinking, drug use and driving, the authors surveyed a stratified random sample of approximately 2,000 seventh and 10th graders in the Boston area in the spring of 1982. The focus of the present paper is on those students who might be most at risk for operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol or marijuana. Therefore, the analysis presented here is limited to 623 students who were 16 years of age or older at the time of the survey. About half of the students in this age group used alcohol (63%) or marijuana (44%) and as many as 18% had used other illicit drugs during the 1982 school year. While most current drinkers (72%) drank not more than three times a month, nearly half (46%) of the current marijuana users smoked at least once a week. A substantial proportion of students combined drug and/or alcohol use with driving. Between 43% and 50% had been a passenger with a driver who was under the influence of alcohol or marijuana at least once since the beginning of the school year. Many students did not appear to be aware of the dangers involved in driving under the influence of alcohol or marijuana and about one out of four believed they could use alcohol and other drugs responsibly . Both students' behaviors and beliefs regarding drinking, drug use and driving were significantly related to the extent of their involvement with alcohol and other drugs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6564307 TI - A three component alcohol attitude scale. AB - A summated rating scale of the Likert-type was constructed to measure college students' attitudes toward alcohol use and abuse. Using a three-component approach, a table of specifications for the instrument was developed to include three subscales to measure feeling, belief and intention to act. Comparable emphasis in each subscale was given to drinking behavior, results of drinking and social perspectives. After extensive item development, two experimental forms were administered to a sample of undergraduate college students to gather evidence of item function and validity. Statistical analysis produced a pool of items meeting criteria for internal consistency and discrimination power. According to the table of specifications, 54 items were selected to provide 18 conceptually comparable items for each subscale in the final instrument. The scale was then administered to a sample of 880 undergraduate students at three large, midwestern universities. The data were analyzed statistically to test nine hypotheses concerning validity and performance of the scale. Results demonstrated highly significant levels of internal consistency and discriminating power of items, the subscales and the total scale. The three-component approach was found to be an appropriate, effective technique for measuring attitudes toward health related behavior. PMID- 6564308 TI - Student accidents in Hawaii's public schools. AB - A survey of the student accident report forms was conducted in Hawaii public schools. Review of the data gathered during one school year revealed that the intermediate grade level had the highest number of school accidents with males, in a 2.1:1 ratio, more involved in accidents than females. Although no deaths occurred, there were a significant number of school accidents and school days lost to warrant the need for safety education. The accident report forms were reviewed and data summarized by the school nurses working within the schools. Because the information provided in the accident report forms was so varied, it was not possible to make a recommendation as to any specific restriction of activities. However, the survey revealed a need to strengthen the criteria for reporting accidents. PMID- 6564309 TI - Health risk attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of students grades 7-12. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify trends for youths grades seven to 12 with respect to their attitudes, beliefs and behaviors related to smoking and weight. The results of this study indicate that the majority of students believe smoking is a real health problem. However, the strength of this belief decreases with age. The majority of students agree that smoking does not help people relax, however, the strength of this belief also decreases with age. The majority of students also agree that smoking is not socially okay and again the strength of this belief decreases with age. Another interesting finding, differing from the trends previously mentioned, is that of asking permission before smoking. It was consistent that about 75% of students at all grade levels believed that they would ask permission before smoking around others. Another finding consistently supported across the grades more than 80% believed that a separate area should be provided for those who want to smoke in buildings where smoking is permitted. Youths report a significant decline in the percent of their peers that do not smoke as grade level increases. The decline is from 76% at the seventh grade to 39% at the 12th. While students at each grade level report that approximately one third of their mothers and 43% of their fathers smoke they also indicate that 16% of their fathers and 10% of their mothers have given up the smoking habit. Youths also consistently report that their parents would be upset if they were to smoke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6564310 TI - [Responsibility and authority of nurses in relation to that of doctors]. PMID- 6564311 TI - [Responsibility and authority of nurses in the hospital]. PMID- 6564312 TI - [Nurses' accountability in 'nursing order']. PMID- 6564313 TI - [Accountability of nurses in nursing care planning]. PMID- 6564314 TI - [Development of human skills through T-groups]. PMID- 6564315 TI - [The Oriental viewpoint of body and mind (1)]. PMID- 6564316 TI - [Research on human relations of nurses from the viewpoint of interpersonal conflict (5)]. PMID- 6564317 TI - [Research in clinical problem-solving skills from the viewpoint of years of clinical experience]. PMID- 6564319 TI - [Teaching-learning method about 'patient education' in nursing school]. PMID- 6564318 TI - [Instruction of student nurses' practice in Serei Junior College (7)]. PMID- 6564320 TI - [Study of patient-student relationship]. PMID- 6564321 TI - [Clinical practice in nursing care of patients with psychosocial problems]. PMID- 6564322 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with colonic cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of colonic cancer]. PMID- 6564323 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with colonic cancer]. PMID- 6564324 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with colonic cancer. Nursing of an aged patient with cancer of the descending colon]. PMID- 6564325 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with colonic cancer. Discussion: the problem of acceptance of colostomy by the patient]. PMID- 6564326 TI - [Communication with patients with hearing disorders. On oral communication]. PMID- 6564327 TI - [Assistance of a patient with subarachnoid hemorrhage for independent action at mealtime--nursing a 20-year-old man with a paralyzed left hand and fitted with an artificial right hand]. PMID- 6564328 TI - [Nursing care of a terminal patient--on patient-family relations]. PMID- 6564329 TI - [Postoperative nursing of a patient with lung cancer]. PMID- 6564330 TI - [Clinical conference: on nursing care of a patient with poor prognosis]. PMID- 6564331 TI - [Case study: nursing care of a patient with primary lung cancer--nursing actions to ease the pain]. PMID- 6564332 TI - [Test yourself: nursing care of a mother and her infant following pregnancy toxemia and subsequent cesarean section]. PMID- 6564333 TI - [Atmosphere of the ward created by the relationship among nurses]. PMID- 6564334 TI - [Human relationship in the nursing team: conveyance of valuable past experience]. PMID- 6564335 TI - [Human relationship in the nursing team: to those who are concerned with a lack of self expression]. PMID- 6564336 TI - [Human relationship in the nursing team: personal experience with the weight of the "team harmony"]. PMID- 6564337 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with colonic cancer. Physiopathology of colonic cancer]. PMID- 6564338 TI - Client's right to privacy. PMID- 6564339 TI - Practice of breast self-examination. PMID- 6564340 TI - Psychiatric nurses: varied practice setting. PMID- 6564341 TI - New approach: model addresses nursing autonomy. PMID- 6564342 TI - The BSN debate: a student perspective. PMID- 6564343 TI - The educational nurse specialist in the nursing service setting. PMID- 6564344 TI - Why a PhD in nursing? PMID- 6564345 TI - Rural nursing: unique practice opportunity. PMID- 6564346 TI - Education and influence as power sources for nursing. PMID- 6564348 TI - Paediatric respiratory disease. PMID- 6564347 TI - Rapid isolation of endogenous inhibitor of factor B. AB - An inhibitor of mouse factor B was purified from lysate of L cells by a human factor B-affinity column. The purified inhibitor was found to be homogeneous with a molecular weight of about 25,000 and identical to the 25K protein isolated from L cell-lysate by the coprecipitation method with anti mouse factor B. Hemolytic titration of the activity and PAGE-analysis of the inhibitor-factor B complex showed that 1 mol of inhibitor reacted with 1 mol of mouse factor B and inactivated its hemolytic activity. PMID- 6564349 TI - Teenage mothers: late attenders at medical and ante-natal care. PMID- 6564350 TI - Child health surveillance. PMID- 6564351 TI - Febrile convulsions in children. PMID- 6564352 TI - Aspects of orthopaedics. Special footwear for adults. PMID- 6564353 TI - Possibly preventable infant deaths: a ten year review. PMID- 6564354 TI - When your patients ask about--painful periods. PMID- 6564356 TI - Self-directed learning--an alternative mode of continuing education. PMID- 6564355 TI - Chemical dependency and nursing. PMID- 6564357 TI - Pay Review body: evidence submitted on behalf of the National Association of Theatre nurses. PMID- 6564358 TI - 'Commitment, challenge and change' AORN Congress 1984. PMID- 6564359 TI - Post-operative nursing care of laryngectomy patients and pharyngeal diverticulae. PMID- 6564360 TI - Sterile services: an inside look. PMID- 6564361 TI - Electronic spreadsheets and budgeting: a case study. PMID- 6564362 TI - Women's health issue: a national priority. PMID- 6564363 TI - Nursing home deregulation: regulatory reform efforts. PMID- 6564364 TI - Impaired professionals: responsibilities and roles. PMID- 6564365 TI - The impaired nurse: a management issue. PMID- 6564366 TI - Health care regulation and market forces. PMID- 6564367 TI - MNA position statement: accountability in nursing practice. PMID- 6564369 TI - Smart trips for the business traveler. PMID- 6564368 TI - The changing economy: impact on life insurance choices. PMID- 6564370 TI - RCN wary of latest jobs probe: new approach to nurses' pay levels. PMID- 6564371 TI - Inaugural meeting of new society's first forum: paediatric oncology forum set up. PMID- 6564372 TI - Report of King's Fund Conference: stress. PMID- 6564373 TI - Royal College of Nursing: new approach. PMID- 6564374 TI - In two minds: answers rest in your hands; bed sharing scheme. PMID- 6564375 TI - Reach reality. PMID- 6564376 TI - A goal worthy of pursuit. PMID- 6564377 TI - Would cost them little to treat us fairly. PMID- 6564378 TI - Bristol report conclusions: inequalities in health still exist. PMID- 6564379 TI - Pay increases should start for many in July: new pay dates are announced. PMID- 6564380 TI - College welcomes new courses: exam system will benefit education. PMID- 6564381 TI - Report shows 'serious inadequacies' in preparing ward sisters and charge nurses: be prepared. PMID- 6564382 TI - Royal College of Nursing: live issue. PMID- 6564383 TI - Qualified in that specialty. PMID- 6564384 TI - Uniform choice to enhance status. PMID- 6564385 TI - Unemployment benefit. PMID- 6564387 TI - Dilemma. PMID- 6564386 TI - Grasp the Griffiths nettle. PMID- 6564388 TI - Improving specialist nursing needs of ethnic minorities. PMID- 6564389 TI - ANM team interprets DHSS circular for nurse managers: comprehensive guidelines on Griffiths. PMID- 6564390 TI - New King's Fund publication: race and employment in the NHS. PMID- 6564392 TI - Royal College of Nursing: perspectives. PMID- 6564391 TI - Nature of the nurse's status. PMID- 6564393 TI - New exam system to be welcomed. PMID- 6564394 TI - Opportunity knocks for primary health care nursing at long last. PMID- 6564395 TI - The nursing structure within the new management arrangements. Any questions? PMID- 6564397 TI - As a growing specialty... CPNs must form cohesive group. PMID- 6564396 TI - College stresses need for more money in community. RCN team gives evidence to Select Committee. PMID- 6564398 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Keep pace. PMID- 6564399 TI - Haphazard preparation. PMID- 6564400 TI - Nursing and midwifery education. PMID- 6564401 TI - Current implications of psychotherapy registration. PMID- 6564402 TI - Heart of the matter. PMID- 6564403 TI - Quality control. PMID- 6564404 TI - Family health nursing and nursing management: a contemporary conceptual blend. PMID- 6564405 TI - Preparation for professionalism through Regents External Degrees. PMID- 6564407 TI - It's time for nurses to begin nursing nurses. PMID- 6564406 TI - Research proposals and debates: a teaching strategy. PMID- 6564408 TI - A legislative journey: one way to teach political awareness. PMID- 6564409 TI - Medication errors. Don't abbreviate the word daily. PMID- 6564410 TI - All about hectic situations. PMID- 6564411 TI - First: make the patient a believer. PMID- 6564413 TI - Metabolic acidosis. Physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6564412 TI - Streamlining your suctioning techniques. Part 3: Tracheostomy suctioning. PMID- 6564414 TI - Help the amputee stand on his own again. PMID- 6564415 TI - What to do when your patient lets slip his grip on reality (continuing education). PMID- 6564416 TI - Giving amphotericin B for systemic fungal infections. PMID- 6564417 TI - Peter, in his blindness . . . PMID- 6564418 TI - Infection control in hospital and the community. Principles of wound care. PMID- 6564419 TI - Monitoring vascular pressures. PMID- 6564420 TI - Patient compliance with anti-hypertensive drug therapy. PMID- 6564421 TI - Maintaining the circulating volume. PMID- 6564423 TI - Lower limb amputation following peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6564422 TI - Haemophilia--a personal account. PMID- 6564424 TI - Varicose veins. PMID- 6564425 TI - Management of chest trauma. PMID- 6564426 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6564427 TI - Physiotherapy--essentials of chest care. PMID- 6564429 TI - Drugs and the respiratory system. PMID- 6564428 TI - Present management of lung cancer. PMID- 6564430 TI - Respiratory function tests. PMID- 6564431 TI - Helping people who are grieving. PMID- 6564432 TI - Quick quiz on the law: third in a continuing series. 7 questions about nursing negligence. PMID- 6564433 TI - Effective ways to relieve stress. PMID- 6564435 TI - When a neighbor collapses--do you know what to do? PMID- 6564434 TI - No easy choice: resolving everyday ethical dilemmas. PMID- 6564436 TI - Emergency care for: myocardial infarction, choking, seizures, poisoning, near drowning. PMID- 6564437 TI - Avoiding legal trouble when you and the doctor disagree. PMID- 6564439 TI - Assertive techniques for handling difficult people. PMID- 6564438 TI - Intestinal flu or something more serious? PMID- 6564440 TI - All about rights to medical records. PMID- 6564441 TI - Dr. Metzger thought his patients shouldn't die. PMID- 6564442 TI - What's new in infusion pumps. PMID- 6564443 TI - Court case: she stuck up for her patient--and got fired. PMID- 6564444 TI - [Observations on retirement]. PMID- 6564445 TI - [The reception center: a way of life]. PMID- 6564446 TI - [The nurse in the reception center: activator and leader]. PMID- 6564447 TI - [Collaboration, dissidence and withdrawal. Possible dilemmas in nursing practice]. PMID- 6564448 TI - [Mental health: intervention in the family milieu]. PMID- 6564449 TI - [Aging... against the light]. PMID- 6564450 TI - [The client's record: a tool of evidence]. PMID- 6564451 TI - [Pressure ulcers]. PMID- 6564452 TI - [Pressure ulcers]. PMID- 6564453 TI - [Pressure ulcers. Better to prevent than to heal]. PMID- 6564454 TI - [Pressure ulcers. Myths and realities]. PMID- 6564455 TI - [Pressure ulcers. The infected or colonized ulcer]. PMID- 6564456 TI - [Pressure ulcers. Medications]. PMID- 6564457 TI - [Professional audit of young nurses]. PMID- 6564458 TI - [Pressure ulcers. A procedure to identify individuals at risk]. PMID- 6564460 TI - [Pressure ulcers. Nutritional needs]. PMID- 6564459 TI - [Pressure ulcers. Evaluation of care. Questions and answers]. PMID- 6564461 TI - Orienting junior interns: some welcome information. PMID- 6564462 TI - Emergency room: fighting a state of crisis. PMID- 6564463 TI - Art and science of management. Stress control. PMID- 6564464 TI - Ambulatory surgery: organization, finance and regulation. PMID- 6564465 TI - OR/surgical procedure. Part III. Efficient OR management. PMID- 6564466 TI - Disposable surgical gowns and drapes: a review. PMID- 6564467 TI - Attitudes toward equitable pay. PMID- 6564468 TI - A practical approach to patient classification. PMID- 6564469 TI - Practical management course. Module 12: professional survival for nurse managers. PMID- 6564470 TI - Ethics and economics in the eighties. PMID- 6564472 TI - Making training courses for nurses more relevant. WHO Expert Committee underlines primary health care principles. PMID- 6564471 TI - Human rights and the teaching of the Church. The charter of the rights of the family. PMID- 6564473 TI - Message from Dr H. Marler, Director-General of the World Health Organization for World Health Day, 1984. Childrens' health--tomorrow's wealth. PMID- 6564475 TI - Care of the elderly in Netherland. PMID- 6564474 TI - Elderly persons in Japan. PMID- 6564476 TI - Perceived health during lay off and early unemployment. PMID- 6564477 TI - It is not the welder who risks arc eye. PMID- 6564478 TI - Garages that need a service. 2. The OH role. PMID- 6564479 TI - Mercury poisoning. PMID- 6564480 TI - Counselling: the case of Tom Jenkins. 5. PMID- 6564481 TI - Position statement: impaired nurses. PMID- 6564482 TI - Arthritis--myths and realities. PMID- 6564483 TI - The occupational health nurse on the arthritis team. PMID- 6564484 TI - Overview of joint anatomy and physiology: a basis for understanding and assessing rheumatic conditions. PMID- 6564485 TI - Musculoskeletal examination. PMID- 6564486 TI - Clinical manifestations of common rheumatic conditions. PMID- 6564487 TI - Current management strategies for rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. PMID- 6564488 TI - A report from Norway. Peer assistance in another culture. PMID- 6564489 TI - Incest: nursing implications. PMID- 6564490 TI - Psychiatric nursing in China. PMID- 6564491 TI - [Kinin system of the vitreous body in the course of development of experimental retinal dystrophy]. PMID- 6564492 TI - Psychiatric-mental health nursing standards for today's practice. PMID- 6564493 TI - Perinatal care in Oklahoma: too little, too late. PMID- 6564494 TI - An introduction to collective bargaining. PMID- 6564495 TI - Safe handling of chemotherapeutic drugs. PMID- 6564496 TI - Career unification for nursing in the context of the 1980s. PMID- 6564497 TI - [The right to decision over the human body. Legal questions in sterilization, autopsy and transplantation]. PMID- 6564498 TI - [16 propositions on the topic: aspects and problems of organ transplantation from the ethical viewpoint]. PMID- 6564500 TI - [The status of patient care from a temporal viewpoint]. PMID- 6564499 TI - [Extramural health services--alternatives to the hospital]. PMID- 6564501 TI - Postoperative nursing management of the patient following posterior spinal fusion. PMID- 6564502 TI - Sports medicine: acute and overuse injuries. PMID- 6564503 TI - Helping your patient on bedrest cope with perceptual/sensory deprivation. PMID- 6564504 TI - Encircling cast drainage: is it valuable? PMID- 6564505 TI - Orthopaedic scientific update: a special report on the scientific sessions of the 51st annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. PMID- 6564506 TI - [Vasoactive peptides and the formation of hereditarily induced hypertension in rats]. PMID- 6564507 TI - The correlation of in vitro tests with the outcome of antimicrobial therapy for otitis media. PMID- 6564508 TI - Side effects and toxicity of antimicrobial agents and development of resistant bacteria to drugs. PMID- 6564509 TI - The effects of prospective reimbursement on nursing education. PMID- 6564510 TI - Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in lambs. Clinical and pathoanatomical investigations. AB - In the South-Western part of Norway, lambs of the Old Norwegian short tailed breed (Spael) and crosses with the Dala breed sometimes develop an Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) shortly after they have been moved onto lush aftermath grazings from mountain pastures. This article covers the symptoms and pathoanatomical findings in lambs affected with ARDS (Table I). The lambs acquired ARDS 18-72 hours after change of pasture. Heavy dysphne, frothing at the mouth, elevated temperature (greater than 41 degrees C), tachycardia, urination and ruminal atony were striking symptoms (Table II). In the early phase of the disease the lambs were often in a tranquil state, depressed, sometimes atactic, and it seemed that they went into the overt dysphneic phase on exposure to physical stress. Morbidity was 1.4%, mortality 36%. Post mortem findings included frothy contents in the airways, heavy congestion and oedema in the lungs which also had emphysematous areas, subepicardial petechiae, varying degree of mottling of the myocardium, and also varying degree of paleness and spottyness of renal cortices. The lungs showed extensive focal alveolar and interstitial emphysema, septal congestion, alveolar oedema, partial collapse, and accumulations of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in vascular beds. Later, fibrillar material was found in the alveoli, alveolar macrophages accumulated, and interalveolar septa thickened because of increased fibromuscular tissue and mononuclear cells (Fig. 1, A-D). Alveolar epithelial hyperplasia was not seen in any stage. Four lambs were moderately infected with lungworms (D. filaria), three in the prepatent, one in the patent phase. Histopathological changes in other organs included granular degenerations of myocardial threads, and development of a glomerulonephritis and focal interstitial nephritis (Fig. 1, E-F). This disease entity (ARDS) in lambs seems to be unknown in literature. The disease is compared with other known diseases in ruminants. Etiology is so far unknown. Possibilities of sudden ruminal histamine formation coinciding with a hypersensitivity reaction is discussed. PMID- 6564511 TI - Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in lambs. Mycology and hypersensitivity. AB - Grass samples from six aftermath pastures, where lambs were found to suffer from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), were examined for fungi. Only various common types of fungi were found, none in any dominating quantity. All six samples contained Fusarium spp, Alternaria spp and Cladosporium spp. In addition, five of the samples contained Torula spp, Helminthosporium spp and Trichothecium spp, while one sample contained Dreschslera spp and Septoria spp. All samples contained nematodes (eggs and larvae), additional unidentified hyphomycetes and smut spores. Antigens for intradermal testing were made from the six fungal species occurring in 5 or 6 samples, and intradermal tests were performed on 5 lambs three to six days after appearance of ARDS. Intradermal testing with the same antigens were also made on six healthy lambs kept indoors throughout summer, and two lambs which had been grazing farm leys. Four of the diseased lambs had a positive reaction to Fusarium spp and Trichothecium spp, and three of them had a positive reaction to Alternaria spp. All others were negative, except for one of the healthy lambs that showed a positive reaction to Fusarium spp after having been fed indoors throughout summer. Dermal toxicity studies made with extracts from Torula spp and Fusarium spp on rabbits, and oral dosing with Fusarium spp to healthy lambs, were negative. The results indicate that involvement of immunological factors cannot be excluded. However, it is pointed out that this hypersensitivity reaction will occur at a time with sudden ruminal histamine production, aggravating the symptoms as well as contributing to kidney damage. PMID- 6564512 TI - The 12-hour shift: is it viable? PMID- 6564513 TI - Baseball lessons for nurses. PMID- 6564514 TI - The rural nursing practicum project. PMID- 6564515 TI - Externship programs. The Mississippi model. PMID- 6564516 TI - Externship programs. The Presbyterian Hospital program. PMID- 6564518 TI - Support as legitimate nursing action. PMID- 6564517 TI - The temporary nursing service R.N. PMID- 6564519 TI - Realism in nursing curricula. AB - As nursing faces the unparalleled challenge to become an equal partner in higher education, sharing the burden of producing income in order to enjoy the benefits of solvency, certain values and practices of nursing educators must be critically reviewed. Curricular ideals and teaching/learning strategies that may have been effective and appropriate in another era must now be restructured if the future of nursing education is to be secured. PMID- 6564520 TI - Guidelines for peer reviewers. PMID- 6564521 TI - A comparison of perceptions of problematic behavior by six minority groups and mental health professionals. AB - This study compared the perceptions of problematic behavior and the suggested management of those behaviors by six minority groups and mental health professionals. Minority respondents (N = 159) included Chinese-Americans, Mexican Americans, Filipino-Americans, Native-Americans, Black-Americans, and Appalachians. Mental health professional respondents (N = 68) were from Pennsylvania, Louisiana, and California. All respondents were interviewed using a structured interview schedule. Groups were compared on responses to 10 vignettes. There were significant differences between minority and mental health professional groups, both in the labels placed on problematic behaviors and in the suggested management of the behaviors. The relationship of sample variables to response revealed that minority group status was the strongest descriptor of group response. PMID- 6564522 TI - Value orientations as an assessment tool in cultural diversity. AB - Value Orientations is the term used for a theoretical construct and its cultural assessment tool that was developed by Florence Kluckhohn in the 1950s. The tool, tested in rural and urban areas, has been useful in identifying the dominant and variant values and beliefs that characterize groups. This paper describes the tool, its theoretical underpinning, and data analysis techniques with the Annang of Nigeria as an example of how the tool is used on context of a single culture. In addition, use of the tool with individual clients to establish possible areas of culture conflict in values is examined. PMID- 6564523 TI - The Metro-Manila Developmental Screening Test: a normative study. AB - This study aimed to establish Metro-Manila (Philippines) norms for the Denver Developmental Screening Test and to determine the characteristics of children whose scores are normal and those whose scores are abnormal or questionable on the test. The subjects were 6,006 children from 4,846 households of Metro-Manila. Probit analysis established the ages at which 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% of the sample passed each of the 105 test items. Discriminant analysis showed four clusters of factors that were significantly associated with children's performance. These were a substitute-care-giver variable cluster, a mother variable cluster, a child-situational variable cluster, and an age variable cluster. PMID- 6564524 TI - Transitional newborn infants in a hospital nursery: from first oral cue to first sustained cry. AB - Before crying, newborns exhibit oral cues. This study determined time and behavior between first oral cue and first sustained cry (2 minutes of crying) in 15 clinically normal infants postbirth (mean age 64 minutes). Mean minutes cue to cry was 31. Mean tonguing frequency was 108; hand-to-mouth (70); hand-passing mouth (57); whimpering (49); rooting (19); empty sucking (14); startle (6); yawn (3); and sneeze (2). Mean minutes of intrinsic mouthing was 2.9; digit sucking (1.6); tongue sucking (1.2); sucking hand (1.1); fussing (1.0); and no cues (3.4). Mean minutes of crying was 1.1; hard crying (0.9). Mean longest single cry was 25 seconds. Mean inter-cry interval was 2 minutes. Crying occurred 13% of the time. During the physiologically critical period postbirth, responses to cues, rather than demands (cries), might prevent crying, decrease physiologic compromise, and foster appropriate care giver-infant interaction. This may enhance physiologic-psychosocial development. PMID- 6564525 TI - Development of the Chronicity Impact and Coping Instrument: Parent Questionnaire (CICI:PQ). AB - The CICI: PQ--Chronicity Impact and Coping Instrument: Parent Questionnaire--was developed to determine the impact of a child's chronic illness on parents and how parents cope with the impact. This article describes the development of the CICI:PQ and the results of three pilot studies to increase the instrument's reliability. Hoyt's coefficient of reliability for the total instrument is .95. The CICI:PQ is useful to health professionals working with chronically ill children and their families and to researchers interested in the same population. PMID- 6564526 TI - Consensus about the marital relationship during transition to parenthood. AB - This research was designed to identify anticipated and actual postpartum concerns about the marriage relationship during the period of transition to parenthood. It also investigated: (1) the accuracy of prediction of postpartum concerns by the prenatal group; (2) states of consensus within the marital dyad regarding the importance of postpartum concerns; and (3) the relationship between communication about the concerns and the relative importance of concerns. Twenty-two couples expecting their first child were randomly assigned to either the prenatal or postpartum interview groups. Husbands and wives individually rank-ordered 35 postpartum concerns from Most Important to Least Important and estimated how their spouses would rank the concerns. Husbands and wives also indicated the three concerns they discussed the most and the three they discussed the least. Couples tended to discuss most often those concerns they ranked most important. However, there were only moderate levels of agreement on the importance of concerns, discrepancies between perceived agreement and actual agreement, and low to moderate levels of accuracy in estimating the importance of concerns for spouses. PMID- 6564527 TI - Expectation and attainment of nursing careers. AB - This study was designed to replicate and extend an investigation completed 15 years ago, which was related to recruitment into the nursing profession. The data are provided by the National Longitudinal Study (NLS) of youths followed from high school through young adulthood. The design involved classification of the NLS sample into three groups based on career interest in nursing and ultimate occupational attainment: (1) those who expected to become nurses when in high school and did so; (2) those who expected to become nurses in high school but did not; and (3) those who had other occupational expectations in high school but became nurses. These three recruitment types were analyzed relative to four demographic variables. Only 34% of those who planned to become nurses did so. Those who did not attain their goal were more often from low socioeconomic backgrounds, had lower aptitudes, and were more often nonwhites than were other nursing recruits. Youth in the other two groups were very similar on all variables. Findings were generally consistent with those found in the earlier study although several differences were noted in the composition of the typologies used, indicating that the pattern of recruitment is changing. PMID- 6564528 TI - Incentives for nurse employment. AB - This study was designed to discover perceived incentives for employment in terms of similarities in how employed and nonemployed nurses ranked employment inducements, and if the two groups could be differentiated on the basis of their rankings. March and Simon's (1958) theory was the basis for identifying inducements/incentives. A 47-item instrument was distributed randomly to a 5% sample of registered nurses (RNs) from a midwestern state. Similarities in incentives existed in the factor structure for both the employed and nonemployed. The factor structure for the part-employed approximated both groups depending on items considered. Little variance was accounted for by the instrument, indicating other variables need to be identified. Data indicate that the area of professionalism would be valuable in developing more items related to inducements/incentives. PMID- 6564530 TI - Patients on hemodialysis. PMID- 6564529 TI - Increasing efficiency and precision of data analysis: multivariate vs. univariate statistical techniques. AB - In deciding upon an appropriate analysis strategy during the planning phase of a research study, it is important to specify all of the independent and dependent variables to be included. From there, a technique should be chosen that will yield all of the information desired in the most efficient, precise, and powerful way. Frequently, the method of choice in nursing research will be a multivariate technique, since so many studies involve numerous variables whose effects on, or relationships with, other variables are of interest, as well as involving additional variables that should be taken into account for control or generalizability purposes. Not discussed in this paper, but worth mention, is the fact that all of these techniques involve various underlying assumptions (e.g., normality, homogeneity of variance, and independence in ANOVA) that must be met in order to use the techniques appropriately. If the assumptions are not met, the researcher might want to consider the use of nonparametric techniques--and there are both univariate and multivariate techniques available to choose from (Hollander & Wolfe, 1973; Siegel, 1956). The general advantages of a multivariate technique rather than separate univariate techniques would apply in terms of nonparametric statistics as well as parametric statistics. Increasing the accuracy, power, and efficiency of data analysis strategies should be a major concern to researchers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6564531 TI - Hospitals in trouble. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6564532 TI - Privatisation: taken to the cleaners? PMID- 6564533 TI - Residential homes: home from home. PMID- 6564534 TI - Stoma care. One. The cuff-link flatus filter. PMID- 6564535 TI - Stoma care. Two. Faecal fistula--the stoma nurse's role. PMID- 6564536 TI - Nurses and research. PMID- 6564537 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Twelve. Nurses working in the community. PMID- 6564538 TI - Cystic fibrosis. Three. Care in hospital. PMID- 6564539 TI - It's more than child's play. PMID- 6564540 TI - The korner report. Four. Korner and the community. PMID- 6564541 TI - The korner report. Five. Putting Korner into practice. PMID- 6564542 TI - The korner report. Six. Measuring the immeasurable. PMID- 6564543 TI - The ward pharmacist and the nurse--a Scottish view. PMID- 6564544 TI - Constipation. One. A beginner's guide to research. PMID- 6564545 TI - Constipation. Two. The researcher's view. PMID- 6564546 TI - Manpower: bottoms up? PMID- 6564547 TI - Mental handicap: speak for yourself. PMID- 6564548 TI - Midwifery: radical approach that's taken root. PMID- 6564549 TI - Strikes: a health visitor's dilemma. PMID- 6564550 TI - You and your money. One. Life insurance. PMID- 6564551 TI - You and your money. Two. The NHS pension scheme. PMID- 6564552 TI - You and your money. Three. Problems with pensions. PMID- 6564553 TI - You and your money. Four. House purchase. PMID- 6564554 TI - A fresh start. PMID- 6564555 TI - The Asian community. One. The family, bereavement and dietary beliefs. PMID- 6564556 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Thirteen. A programme for the elderly at risk. PMID- 6564558 TI - A course in clinical nursing education. PMID- 6564557 TI - The Korner report. Seven. New directions for midwives. PMID- 6564559 TI - Practical work teacher training. PMID- 6564560 TI - Midwives in clinical practice. PMID- 6564561 TI - Putting the Third World first. Interview by Catharine Watson. PMID- 6564563 TI - To scan or not to scan? PMID- 6564562 TI - Radiation: shadow over Seascale. PMID- 6564564 TI - Management: cosiness in the delivery suite. PMID- 6564565 TI - Nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6564566 TI - The nursing process in psychiatry. One. The teachers' dilemma. PMID- 6564567 TI - Management: the cost of care. PMID- 6564569 TI - Computers for child health records. PMID- 6564568 TI - Activities of living. Five. A problem of mobility. PMID- 6564570 TI - Research: a question of uniform. PMID- 6564572 TI - Towards tomorrow's world. Fourteen. Community health nursing evaluation research. PMID- 6564571 TI - The Asian community. Two. Pregnancy, childbirth and child care. PMID- 6564573 TI - You and your money. Five. Comfortable credit. PMID- 6564574 TI - Systems of life No 114. Setting up the systems--14. Development of the gut. PMID- 6564575 TI - Where have all the women gone? PMID- 6564576 TI - COHSE preview. Playing the numbers game. PMID- 6564577 TI - COHSE preview. Care at the crossroads. PMID- 6564578 TI - COHSE preview. Following in father's footsteps?. Interview by Caroline Howie. PMID- 6564579 TI - Education the crossroads. One. Should there be enrolled nurses? PMID- 6564580 TI - Education at the crossroads. Two. Registration--once is not enough. PMID- 6564582 TI - The nurse's tale. Nurse educationist. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6564581 TI - Education at the crossroads. Three. Who pays the piper. PMID- 6564583 TI - Problems of the ward manager. An unexpected staff shortage. PMID- 6564584 TI - The nursing process in psychiatry. Two. Teaching the teachers. PMID- 6564585 TI - Managing a drink problem. PMID- 6564586 TI - Nursing international. PMID- 6564587 TI - Nursing international. Meeting of the worlds. Interview by Niall Dickson. PMID- 6564588 TI - Nursing international. China. Nurse training--China style. PMID- 6564589 TI - Nursing international. Somalia. Working at grass roots. PMID- 6564591 TI - Pay: the nurses verdict. PMID- 6564592 TI - On the beach. PMID- 6564590 TI - SHAPES and sounds. PMID- 6564593 TI - Consensus management and general managers. PMID- 6564594 TI - Education at the crossroads. Four. Educating for the future. PMID- 6564596 TI - Attending interviews: a positive approach. PMID- 6564595 TI - Don't sit down nurse--it's time for report! PMID- 6564597 TI - The day the strangers came. PMID- 6564598 TI - Nursing process and patient care. PMID- 6564599 TI - Spotlight on children. The token economy--does it work? PMID- 6564601 TI - Primary health care programmes: TNAI's role in implementation. PMID- 6564600 TI - Spotlight on children. Scoliosis--a care study. PMID- 6564602 TI - Nurses and P.H.C. programmes: some policy perspectives. PMID- 6564604 TI - Change of occupation among nurses: a study of factors. PMID- 6564603 TI - Nurse-midwife and the normal new-born. PMID- 6564605 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. A question of help. PMID- 6564606 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. A question of help: support for the terminally ill. PMID- 6564607 TI - Moving on to pastures new. PMID- 6564608 TI - Violence on the wards. PMID- 6564609 TI - The nurse in practice. PMID- 6564610 TI - Management: a cautionary tale. PMID- 6564611 TI - Management: not the nursing process. PMID- 6564612 TI - Developing self-awareness. PMID- 6564613 TI - The torment of tinnitus. PMID- 6564614 TI - Nursing care study: behaviour modification. PMID- 6564615 TI - Iveson's opinion: the limits of orthodox medicine. PMID- 6564617 TI - 'Out vile jelly!'. Interview by Alison Morton. PMID- 6564616 TI - Reaching new heights. PMID- 6564618 TI - Management: say what you mean. PMID- 6564619 TI - Mental handicap: a basis for planning. PMID- 6564620 TI - Community: controlling a killer. PMID- 6564621 TI - Black--and in jeopardy. PMID- 6564622 TI - District Nursing Association. Facing the future. PMID- 6564623 TI - District Nursing Association. Is teamwork working? PMID- 6564624 TI - Appliance of science in A and E. PMID- 6564626 TI - Research. The outlook is promising. PMID- 6564625 TI - Facts, fallacies and femininity. PMID- 6564627 TI - Radical treatment indicated. PMID- 6564628 TI - Paediatric pursuits. PMID- 6564629 TI - Association of factor B with ischemic heart disease (IHD). PMID- 6564630 TI - Early identification of the child at risk--a Philippine perspective. PMID- 6564631 TI - Maternal and child health in the Philippines. PMID- 6564632 TI - Enhancing mother-infant relationship--the role of the nurse. PMID- 6564633 TI - [So that a woman's life might be easier. Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6564634 TI - [Nursing consultations]. PMID- 6564635 TI - [Departmental documentation]. PMID- 6564637 TI - [Nursing consulting unit]. PMID- 6564636 TI - [Observation chart]. PMID- 6564638 TI - [Clinical aspects and the differential diagnosis of hysterical disorders]. PMID- 6564639 TI - [Human health is our lot]. PMID- 6564640 TI - [Fats in our nutrition]. PMID- 6564641 TI - [Intentions--realization]. PMID- 6564642 TI - [In the capital.... Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6564643 TI - [Our colleague]. PMID- 6564644 TI - [Nursing studies]. PMID- 6564645 TI - [Nurse's Library]. PMID- 6564646 TI - [Cataract]. PMID- 6564647 TI - [The 1st sexual experiences]. PMID- 6564648 TI - [Placenta praevia]. PMID- 6564649 TI - Management of debridement pain. PMID- 6564650 TI - Analgesic consultation. PMID- 6564652 TI - Sublingual morphine: a novel route of narcotic administration. PMID- 6564651 TI - Pediatric oncology pain. PMID- 6564653 TI - Nurse anesthetist sued--"Res Ipsa" applies. PMID- 6564654 TI - Brain damage in SICU: nurses' responsibilities. Case in point: Johnson v. Hermann Hospital (659 S.W.2d 124--TX). PMID- 6564655 TI - [Initial and chronic effect of nifedipine in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6564656 TI - [Acute aspects of ulcers]. PMID- 6564657 TI - [Supplies management in operating rooms]. PMID- 6564658 TI - [Complications of gastro-duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6564659 TI - [Medicosocial problems following an operation for a gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6564660 TI - [Medicosocial and psychologic problems following an operation for a gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6564661 TI - [Round table: handwashing]. PMID- 6564663 TI - [What is new in the cancer field?]. PMID- 6564662 TI - [On the responsibility of student nurses]. PMID- 6564664 TI - [Computer nurse]. PMID- 6564665 TI - [Management of cardiovascular collapse]. PMID- 6564666 TI - [Exploration of the liver]. PMID- 6564667 TI - [Viper bites]. PMID- 6564668 TI - [Respiratory pathology due to air conditioners]. PMID- 6564669 TI - [The emergency cart]. PMID- 6564670 TI - [Mortuary preparation]. PMID- 6564671 TI - [Medication distribution: 30 percent errors!]. PMID- 6564672 TI - [Use of a conceptual model]. PMID- 6564673 TI - [Paraplegia: initial assessment]. PMID- 6564675 TI - [Prevention and treatment of bedsores]. PMID- 6564674 TI - [Daily care of the paraplegic]. PMID- 6564676 TI - [Urinary problems of paraplegics]. PMID- 6564677 TI - [Prevention of orthopedic complications]. PMID- 6564678 TI - [Genitosexual problems in paraplegia]. PMID- 6564679 TI - [Antihypertensive agents]. PMID- 6564680 TI - [Rehabilitation of paraplegics]. PMID- 6564681 TI - [Equipment used in the prevention and treatment of bedsores]. PMID- 6564682 TI - [The vitamins. II]. PMID- 6564683 TI - [Cancer and psychology. First meeting in oncological psychology]. PMID- 6564684 TI - [Technic of instantaneous observation]. PMID- 6564685 TI - [Planning of a nursing department. Methodology]. PMID- 6564686 TI - [Diagnostic tests in cardiac pathology (echocardiography and phonocardiography)]. PMID- 6564687 TI - [Proposal of general health legislation. II]. PMID- 6564688 TI - When following orders can cost you your license. PMID- 6564689 TI - How evaluations can improve performance. PMID- 6564690 TI - Are we abandoning the AIDS patient? PMID- 6564691 TI - Viral hepatitis: how to protect patients--and yourself (continuing education). PMID- 6564692 TI - One nurse's struggle with hepatitis. PMID- 6564693 TI - The patient with hepatitis. PMID- 6564694 TI - When your littlest patients need IV's. PMID- 6564695 TI - Dealing with heat injuries. PMID- 6564697 TI - Does that CBC spell trouble? PMID- 6564696 TI - How to make cancer nursing more bearable. PMID- 6564698 TI - If you need a patient-ed booklet. PMID- 6564699 TI - So you're working nights... PMID- 6564700 TI - Renal arteriogram and cystourethrogram. PMID- 6564701 TI - The Grange inquiry. What does it mean for nursing? PMID- 6564702 TI - Nurses' training a matter of survival. PMID- 6564703 TI - In Lion's Gate pilot project. Heart patients sent home early. PMID- 6564704 TI - Nursing's choice: develop or diminish. PMID- 6564705 TI - Career planning and development. PMID- 6564707 TI - [Toxic food infections]. PMID- 6564706 TI - We're here to stay, Mr Norton! PMID- 6564708 TI - [Energy needs]. PMID- 6564709 TI - [Foods]. PMID- 6564710 TI - [Composition of main foods]. PMID- 6564711 TI - [Principal diets: characteristics, implementation]. PMID- 6564712 TI - [Food, what for?]. PMID- 6564713 TI - [Reflections on the profession. A.N.F.I.I.D.E Congress, October 1983--Aix-les Bains]. PMID- 6564715 TI - [Toxic food infections]. PMID- 6564714 TI - [Plastic needs]. PMID- 6564716 TI - [Thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6564717 TI - [Genetically-caused anemias]. PMID- 6564718 TI - [Nutritional anemias]. PMID- 6564719 TI - [Hemostasis: physiological review and diagnostic tests]. PMID- 6564720 TI - [Drug-induced cytopenias]. PMID- 6564722 TI - [Idiopathic thrombopenic purpura of Corinne D...]. PMID- 6564721 TI - [Bone marrow aplasias]. PMID- 6564723 TI - [Hematologic disorders in pregnancy]. PMID- 6564724 TI - [Profile of the educator and professional role]. PMID- 6564725 TI - [Educational project of the Provins nursing school]. PMID- 6564726 TI - [School-hospital: the Tower of Babel]. PMID- 6564727 TI - [Role of the student nurse on the technical committee]. PMID- 6564728 TI - [Student nurses' perception of their school on the first day of school]. PMID- 6564729 TI - [A new professional tool: the video]. PMID- 6564730 TI - [Round table. Use of professional periodicals in education in nursing schools]. PMID- 6564731 TI - [Pure meningeal hemorrhage in non-hypertensive adults]. PMID- 6564732 TI - [Cauda equina syndrome]. PMID- 6564733 TI - [Etiology of spinal cord compression]. PMID- 6564734 TI - [Spinal cord compression: investigative technics, diagnosis, indications]. PMID- 6564735 TI - [Anatomy of the spinal cord]. PMID- 6564736 TI - [Point of view of the neurosurgeon]. PMID- 6564737 TI - [Spinal cord compression: case reports]. PMID- 6564739 TI - [General symptomatology of spinal cord compression]. PMID- 6564738 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 6564740 TI - [Athymil]. PMID- 6564741 TI - [Isolation in the elderly]. PMID- 6564742 TI - [Isolation of individuals in certain particular medical situations]. PMID- 6564743 TI - [Isolation in certain hostile environments]. PMID- 6564744 TI - [Isolation of prisoners]. PMID- 6564745 TI - [Statement on the protection of the belongings of mentally disturbed people]. PMID- 6564746 TI - [Isolation and silence]. PMID- 6564747 TI - [Considerations in assisting drug addicts in a psychiatric department]. PMID- 6564748 TI - [Goals of the National French Nurses, Psychiatric Nurses and Student Nurses Association. Towards an effective role for the ISP in the Institution]. PMID- 6564749 TI - [Hospital--silence]. PMID- 6564750 TI - [Isolation in childhood]. PMID- 6564751 TI - [Meprobamate]. PMID- 6564753 TI - ["Assisting the unconscious"]. PMID- 6564752 TI - [Specific contribution of Jung to the question of sexuality]. PMID- 6564754 TI - [Remarks on the education of psychoanalysts]. PMID- 6564755 TI - ["Drama acting to become Other, to become Self". An educational and therapeutic process]. PMID- 6564756 TI - [Survey of Jungian psychology: foreword. How to read this issue?]. PMID- 6564758 TI - [Practice of the unconscious in Freud and Jung]. PMID- 6564757 TI - [The notion of therapeutic projects in psychiatry and basic education of nurses]. PMID- 6564759 TI - [The notion of archetype in Jung]. PMID- 6564760 TI - [Clomid]. PMID- 6564761 TI - [Nutrition of pregnant women: eat twice as well and not twice as much]. PMID- 6564762 TI - [Why smoke during pregnancy?]. PMID- 6564763 TI - [New technics in prenatal diagnosis]. PMID- 6564764 TI - [Karyotyping and fetal malformations]. PMID- 6564765 TI - [Fetal death in utero]. PMID- 6564766 TI - [Desire for children]. PMID- 6564767 TI - [Breastfeeding or not, what difference?]. PMID- 6564768 TI - [Breastfeeding or not, what difference?]. PMID- 6564769 TI - [Contraceptive advice for the postpartum period]. PMID- 6564770 TI - [Fear of having a child with abnormalities]. PMID- 6564771 TI - [Regaining one's shape after labor: which exercise therapy?]. PMID- 6564772 TI - [Echography and awareness of the pregnancy]. PMID- 6564773 TI - [Unknown disease creates fear: AIDS--a professional challenge]. PMID- 6564774 TI - [International Council of Nurses: nurses' international voice. Interview by Bjoorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 6564775 TI - [Health and social services in Giske: nurses stand together--and win!]. PMID- 6564776 TI - [Self care and nursing profession]. PMID- 6564777 TI - [Are the young and old out of reach?]. PMID- 6564778 TI - [Consumer's rights to co-decision making]. PMID- 6564779 TI - [Teaching plans for nursing colleges]. PMID- 6564780 TI - [From Trondheim's project: preventive work in children's accidents]. PMID- 6564781 TI - [Psychiatric nursing in the Netherlands--education and working conditions]. PMID- 6564783 TI - [Ostfold's health affairs]. PMID- 6564782 TI - [Diabetes and nurse's role]. PMID- 6564784 TI - [Communities' and district communities' responsibility for education]. PMID- 6564785 TI - [The newly-educated nurse: reality shock]. PMID- 6564786 TI - [Something for other communities? Continued education for nurses in health and social centers]. PMID- 6564787 TI - [The light in the North... Come to Skjervoy!]. PMID- 6564788 TI - [When a child is born developmentally handicapped]. PMID- 6564789 TI - [District midwife--they forgot health proposal]. PMID- 6564790 TI - [Team work in community health services]. PMID- 6564791 TI - [Health personnel must cooperate in disaster preparedness. Interview by Siri Wahl Olsen]. PMID- 6564792 TI - [Psychiatric care in The Netherlands]. PMID- 6564793 TI - [Don't nurses want to manage centers for the aged?]. PMID- 6564794 TI - [Cliches on aging]. PMID- 6564795 TI - [Continued education in nursing]. PMID- 6564797 TI - Changes in mortality among the elderly: United States, 1940-78. Supplement to 1980. PMID- 6564796 TI - [ADP and nursing]. PMID- 6564798 TI - Amidolytic prekallikrein (PK) assay: unsuitability of Cephotest as an activator. PMID- 6564799 TI - Human plasma prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen decrease during parturition. AB - Prekallikrein and high molecular weight kininogen were measured in plasma taken from nine women during parturition. Prekallikrein decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) from 1.49 +/- 0.15 S-2302 U/ml (mean +/- SEM) in early labor to 1.26 +/- 0.13 S-2302 U/ml in the immediate postpartum period. Immunoreactive high molecular weight kininogen also significantly decreased from 76 +/- 5 micrograms/ml to 68 +/- 5 micrograms/ml one day postpartum (p less than 0.01). Both proteins rose to normal levels within two days. The data suggest that the kallikrein-kinin system is utilized during parturition. PMID- 6564800 TI - [Methodical actions in nursing]. PMID- 6564801 TI - [Methodical actions in nursing--an introduction]. PMID- 6564802 TI - [Possibilities and difficulties. Methodical actions in a general hospital]. PMID- 6564803 TI - [The content of methodical actions. Methodical actions in the care of mentally retarded]. PMID- 6564804 TI - [Systematization of nursing actions in home care. Methodical work in community health care]. PMID- 6564805 TI - [Influences on methodical actions]. PMID- 6564806 TI - [Quality and quantity of nursing services in facilities for the mentally retarded]. PMID- 6564807 TI - [Refugee and torture. Considerations in victims of torture]. PMID- 6564808 TI - [Groping for shadows? Nursing research in psychogeriatrics]. PMID- 6564809 TI - [Skin problems in stoma patients]. PMID- 6564810 TI - [This is how patients can feel. . . This is how a nurse being cared for can feel]. PMID- 6564812 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 6564811 TI - Effects of vanadate on intracellular reduction equivalents in mouse liver and the fate of vanadium in plasma, erythrocytes and liver. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of 180 mumol sodium vanadate/kg body wt in mice inhibits the in vivo metabolism of drugs by the hepatic monooxygenase, as measured by exhalation of 14CO2 after treatment with appropriately labeled [14C]methacetin. Determinations of hepatic GSH, NADPH and NADH after vanadate injection show an initial and transient decrease of GSH (10 min, 20%), followed by a transient decrease of NADPH (30 min, 23%), followed by a decrease of NADH (40 min, 23% and 60 min, 26%). Rat liver organ spectrophotometry in the dual wavelength mode shows an immediate response of the NAD(P)H level, which decreases transiently after addition of vanadate. Furthermore, EPR and AAS measurements indicate that vanadium occurs in the plasma in the oxidation states +IV and +V, whereas in intracellular compartments in liver and erythrocytes vanadium exists practically only in the +IV form (vanadyl). The duration of the inhibition for about 2 h coincides well with the transient concentration of vanadate in plasma, which decreases more rapidly than vanadyl. Maximal drug inhibition is associated with the phase of rapid formation of vanadyl in the liver. The experiments are in accordance with the hypothesis that vanadate inhibits the cytochrome P-450 dependent oxidative drug metabolism by diversion of reducing equivalents away from cytochrome P-450. Further evidence for such a hypothesis is provided by in vitro experiments in microsomes. Vanadate causes a dose dependent decrease of ethoxyresorufin deethylation which is reversible by the addition of NADPH. PMID- 6564813 TI - AIDS: epidemiology and potential for nosocomial transmission. PMID- 6564814 TI - Overview of clinical syndromes and immunology of AIDS. PMID- 6564815 TI - AIDS: a threat to physical and psychological integrity. PMID- 6564816 TI - The psychosocial impact of AIDS. PMID- 6564817 TI - AIDS: psychosocial needs of the health care worker. PMID- 6564818 TI - Review of a support group for patients with AIDS. PMID- 6564819 TI - AIDS: precautions for health care personnel. PMID- 6564820 TI - Nursing diagnoses and care plans for ambulatory care patients with AIDS. PMID- 6564821 TI - AIDS: a neurological nursing challenge. PMID- 6564822 TI - Administrative perspectives on care of patients with AIDS. PMID- 6564823 TI - [Clinical evaluation of hemodynamic shifts in chronic suppurative bronchitis]. PMID- 6564825 TI - Third party reimbursement--we have the law and that's all! PMID- 6564824 TI - [Plasma kallikrein-kinin system in hypertension and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6564826 TI - Mothers first. PMID- 6564827 TI - Nursing research. Does it make a difference? PMID- 6564828 TI - In-vitro activity of augmentin against clinically important gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in comparison with other antibiotics. AB - The susceptibility to Augmentin of a total of 1,417 bacterial isolates was investigated. Augmentin is a new formulation of the broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic amoxicillin together with the beta-lactamase-inhibitor clavulanic acid. It was demonstrated that 88% of all isolates tested were sensitive to Augmentin, 9% were resistant. 88% of all Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains fell in the "resistant" category. Only 1/71 anaerobes and 15/286 staphylococci were classified as resistant to Augmentin. PMID- 6564829 TI - [Hospital epidemic due to Stpahylococcus aureus resistant to oxacillin and aminoglycosides]. PMID- 6564830 TI - Work in the Chief Medical Examiners Office. PMID- 6564832 TI - Implementation of the Nursing Profession Act. PMID- 6564831 TI - Giving birth in China. PMID- 6564833 TI - A home care story. PMID- 6564834 TI - On the intensity reversal of the "tropomyosin reflexions" in X-ray diffraction patterns from crab striated muscle. AB - X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded from skinned single fibres obtained from crab leg muscle, and the outer parts of layer-lines indexed as orders of 38.5 nm, which have been assigned to tropomyosin and actin, were examined. Fibres at normal length in the presence of ATP (gamma-S), and over-stretched fibres in rigor solutions, show no intensity reversal of the 2nd and the 3rd layer-lines when the Ca2+ concentration is raised. The results are discussed with reference to the mechanism of Ca2+ regulation. Fibres in the presence of Mg-ADP and vanadate ion (Vi) and fibres pretreated at low pH, though generating no substantial tension at high Ca2+ concentration, give rise to rigor-like patterns which are dependent on Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 6564835 TI - Biochemistry of coronaviruses 1983. PMID- 6564836 TI - Subjectively speaking... PMID- 6564837 TI - Saving the diabetic foot. PMID- 6564838 TI - Lipo-suction. 'New wave' plastic surgery. PMID- 6564839 TI - If your patient has a hearing aid. PMID- 6564840 TI - Great expectations. How do the new drugs measure up? PMID- 6564841 TI - Baylor's twodays alternative--today. PMID- 6564842 TI - Sublingual morphine. A novel route of narcotic administration. PMID- 6564843 TI - The patient as victim. PMID- 6564844 TI - Lymphatic, renal, and urinary kallikreins in the rat. AB - In pentobarbital-anesthetized rats the lymphatic vessels next to the renal artery and the urinary bladder were cannulated and lymph and urine were collected for 3 h. The kidneys were then washed and removed. Four experimental groups were studied. Kallikrein was measured in lymph, urine, and kidney extracts by a direct radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive renal and urinary kallikreins were higher in a Na-deficient group. No changes were brought about by furosemide administration or Na supplementation. A very low concentration of immunoreactive kallikrein was found in lymph, with no differences between the groups. In the same urine and kidney extract samples, both total (trypsin-activated) kallikrein and naturally active kallikrein were determined as kininogenase activity in the rat uterus bioassay. Both active and inactive kallikreins were found in kidney and urine, but most of the changes induced by a Na-deficient diet or furosemide administration were restricted to the active form. It is suggested that the lymphatic route in the kidney is probably not an important source of circulating immunoreactive glandular kallikrein. PMID- 6564845 TI - Effects of prolonged high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in premature primates with experimental hyaline membrane disease. AB - The effects of 24 h of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) applied to premature primates with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) were assessed by serial gas exchange and in vivo lung distensibility measurements, and by postmortem lung phospholipid analysis. Results in 7 animals with HMD treated with HFOV were compared with those in 6 animals with HMD treated with conventional mechanical ventilation. No differences in arterial to inspired PO2 ratios, total lung capacity, airway lavage, or lung homogenate phospholipid or disaturated phosphatidylcholine were found between the 2 groups. Arterial PCO2 was lower in the HMD-HFOV group at 6 and at 12 h. There was no difference in lung dry to wet weight ratios; the ratio in both groups of HMD animals was less than that for premature primates without HMD. We conclude that HFOV is useful in maintaining adequate CO2 elimination but does not improve arterial oxygenation or alter the natural history of experimental HMD. PMID- 6564846 TI - Evaluating communication skills of physicians: four methods of measurement. PMID- 6564847 TI - The generalizability of measures of clinical problem-solving. PMID- 6564848 TI - Concurrent and criterion-referenced validity of patient management problems. PMID- 6564849 TI - Expertise in recall of clinical protocols in two specialty areas. PMID- 6564850 TI - Agreement among four physician performance assessment methods: in search of a "gold standard". PMID- 6564851 TI - Doubts regarding the choice of medicine as a career among first-year residents. PMID- 6564852 TI - The effect of sex on physician work patterns. PMID- 6564853 TI - Enhancing rural health care delivery through physician continuing education: lessons from a case-study evaluation of a mid-career sabbatical program for rural physicians. PMID- 6564854 TI - Critical clinical procedures: a survey of residents. PMID- 6564855 TI - The crime and punishment of cheating in medical school. PMID- 6564856 TI - Self evaluation in undergraduate medical education: a longitudinal approach. PMID- 6564857 TI - A study of the long-term effectiveness of education provided to medical students by teaching associate simulated patients. PMID- 6564858 TI - Bedside encounter and clinical performance of junior clinical clerks. PMID- 6564859 TI - Learning in medical school clerkships: the effects of time on comprehensive examination scores. PMID- 6564860 TI - A qualitative study of teaching rounds in a Department of Medicine. PMID- 6564861 TI - Type A behavior pattern in a premed student population. PMID- 6564862 TI - Assessing the relationship between measures of personality and measures of social networks in entering medical students. PMID- 6564863 TI - Preliminary evaluation of an experimental approach to selecting medical students with care. PMID- 6564864 TI - Reactions to human dissection: a report, and a proposal for curriculum modification. PMID- 6564865 TI - Prevalence of psychiatric risk factors among first year medical students. PMID- 6564866 TI - Depressive symptoms in medical house officers. PMID- 6564867 TI - Symposium: Simulated patients in evaluation of medical education and practice. PMID- 6564869 TI - The impact of examinations on medical student time utilization. PMID- 6564868 TI - Symposium: The dehumanization of medicine: is medical education a cause or a cure? PMID- 6564870 TI - Symposium: High technology at low cost: three models of teleconferencing in continuing medical education. PMID- 6564871 TI - Symposium: The study and improvement of clinical instruction. PMID- 6564872 TI - Symposium: Continuing medical education: measurement issues on trial. PMID- 6564873 TI - Symposium: The essence of clinical competence--psychological studies of expert reasoning in medicine. PMID- 6564874 TI - Symposium: Approaches to research on innovation in medical education. PMID- 6564875 TI - Measuring the contribution of medical education to patient care: a review. PMID- 6564876 TI - Evaluation of a comprehensive non-traditional assessment for final year medical students. PMID- 6564877 TI - A comparison of several methods for scoring patient management problems. PMID- 6564878 TI - Sequence-of-ordering-questions: an objective question format designed to test aspects of clinical judgment. PMID- 6564879 TI - Reliability, validity and efficiency of various item formats in assessment of physician competence. PMID- 6564880 TI - Incremental validity of the Medical Reasoning Aptitude Test (MRAT)--a new admission test of clinical problem solving ability. PMID- 6564881 TI - Predicting clinical performance: the case of admissions preference. PMID- 6564882 TI - The relationship of noncognitive characteristics to performance on NBME Part I. PMID- 6564883 TI - An analysis of differences in performance on National Boards between traditional and non-traditional students. PMID- 6564884 TI - An investigation of a medicine subtest of the National Board Part II examination. PMID- 6564885 TI - The measurement of growth in medical knowledge in a non-departmental organised medical school. PMID- 6564886 TI - Diversity of roles in perioperative nursing. PMID- 6564887 TI - Helping patients and families make life-sustaining treatment decisions. PMID- 6564888 TI - Communicating in the OR. Part I: An overview. PMID- 6564889 TI - Presurgical education. Establishing a program. PMID- 6564890 TI - Maximizing resources. Efficient scheduling of the OR. PMID- 6564891 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance. Mapping the body's terrain. PMID- 6564892 TI - Prolonged lithotomy position results in compartment syndrome. PMID- 6564893 TI - Arthroscopy instrumentation and time-savers. PMID- 6564894 TI - Risk management. Why it became necessary. PMID- 6564895 TI - TURF--new speculations on an old syndrome. PMID- 6564896 TI - Primary care nursing promotes professional autonomy. PMID- 6564897 TI - The isoinhibitors of chymotrypsin/elastase from Ascaris lumbricoides: the reactive site. AB - Five isoinhibitors of chymotrypsin/elastase present in aqueous extracts of Ascaris were isolated. The reactive site in each isoinhibitor, the peptide bond that during encounter is positioned over the catalytic site in chymotrypsin, is Leu-Met. This bond was hydrolyzed by incubating intact isoinhibitors with 5-25 mol% chymotrypsin at pH 3.2 for 4-6 days (isoinhibitor 1) or 2.5-5 weeks (isoinhibitors 2-5). The reaction under these conditions did not proceed beyond 60% modified isoinhibitor (peptide bond hydrolyzed) and 40% intact inhibitor. The Leu-Met bond, hydrolyzed in modified isoinhibitor, can be resynthesized at pH 7.6 by incubating modified inhibitor with a stoichiometric amount of chymotrypsin bound to Sepharose CL-4B and then dissociating the complex in a kinetically controlled fashion with 5% trichloroacetic acid. The product, intact inhibitor, was obtained in greater than 80% yield. The site in the isoinhibitor that is positioned over the catalytic site in elastase during encounter is the same as for encounter with chymotrypsin. The Leu-Met bond hydrolyzed during encounter with elastase can be resynthesized by chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin and elastase bind to the inhibitor at the same site. PMID- 6564898 TI - The isoinhibitors of chymotrypsin/elastase from Ascaris lumbricoides: the primary structure. AB - The complete primary structure of five chymotrypsin/elastase isoinhibitors isolated from Ascaris lumbricoides was determined by conventional methods. These structures represent the first sequence set for the Ascaris inhibitor family. All five isoinhibitors are single-chain polypeptides crosslinked by five disulfide bridges. Isoinhibitor 1 consists of 63 amino acid residues and has glycine at the N-terminal and histidine at the C-terminal. Isoinhibitors 2-5 all have arginine at the N-terminal, differ at positions 25 and 40, and have different C-terminal regions. Isoinhibitors 2 and 4 have asparagine at positions 25 and serine at position 40, whereas isoinhibitors 3 and 5 have lysine and threonine at these positions, respectively. The different C-terminal regions of isoinhibitors 2-5 account for their varying lengths. Isoinhibitor 1 has no sequence heterogeneity. Frequent repetitions of various dipeptides and one tripeptide are evident along the peptide chain of isoinhibitors 2-5. None of the isoinhibitors contains the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine or tyrosine. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of isoinhibitor 1 with the sequence of isoinhibitors 2-5 shows that they differ at a minimum of 16 positions. The primary structures of isoinhibitors 1-5 from Ascaris do not demonstrate a great degree of homology when compared with the sequence of presently known proteinase inhibitors. However, these isoinhibitors share with a very large number of inhibitor families the presence of half-cystine in the P3 position. PMID- 6564899 TI - A review of laboratory methods for the analysis of opiates and diluents in illicit drug traffic. AB - The paper summarizes the utility of currently available analytical techniques for the detection of heroin and other opiates in nonbiological samples. It focuses on the following techniques: thin-layer chromatography/high-performance thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Recent innovations for the identification of compounds using high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques are also discussed. The applications of each methodology based on the experience of the authors are outlined. PMID- 6564900 TI - Commerce in drugs and chemicals and the detection of clandestine laboratories. AB - There were 225 clandestine laboratories seized in the United States of America in 1982, an increase of 23 per cent over 1981. These laboratories most commonly produced methamphetamines, phencyclidine (PCP), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), amphetamine and methaqualone. In order to determine whether a seized drug has been clandestinely manufactured and to identify the source of the drug, special techniques are used, involving detailed physical and chemical examinations. The results of such examinations are computerized and compared with reference samples to provide indications of the drug source. Undercover techniques are also effectively used for the detection of clandestine laboratories. Chemicals necessary for the illegal production of drugs of abuse were often diverted from legitimate sources through international commerce, which, together with clandestine laboratories, are recognized as an international problem that requires monitoring through international co-operation. PMID- 6564901 TI - Role played by narcotics laboratories in the campaign against drug abuse and drug trafficking: a view from a developing country. AB - The narcotics laboratory at the national level identifies drugs for abuse and their accompanying substances in suspected samples, determines the purity and the possible origin of illicit drugs, carries out drug-related research, particularly on new sources of drugs liable to abuse, and, when required by the police or courts of law, provides supportive expertise in drug trafficking cases. Precaution must be taken to ensure that samples to be examined are representative. The university is a particularly appropriate setting for the location of a narcotics laboratory, especially if such a laboratory carries out complex work requiring assistance from other professional disciplines. Before new laboratory equipment is purchased, a careful study of requirements and financial resources should be made to ensure economical and optimum utilization of such equipment. In some situations the use of simple techniques, such as thin-layer chromatography, can be sufficient, while in others more sophisticated techniques may be required. Appropriate training of personnel is of particular importance for the effective functioning of a narcotics laboratory. The laboratory of the Department of Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, provides for the training of personnel at three levels: The first level consists of basic training, which includes the use of kits for rapid identification of drugs in field conditions, for personnel from the police, gendarmerie, prefecture, customs and other agencies which deal with drug problems, but which have no previous skills in laboratory techniques; The second level is provided for professional laboratory personnel and usually lasts six months; The third level consists of two years' postgraduate university training for students who are expected to carry out complex laboratory work; an additional year is provided for trainees who are expected to assume responsibility in a laboratory unit. PMID- 6564902 TI - The work of the Drugs Intelligence Laboratory, Home Office Forensic Science Service. AB - The primary purpose of the Drugs Intelligence Laboratory is to help the police identify sources of supply and manufacture of illicit drugs. This is done by providing scientific support to the Central Drugs and Illegal Immigration Intelligence Unit, a national police unit based at New Scotland Yard, London. The Laboratory provides detailed information on United Kingdom drug seizures and data obtained from a programme of comparison and characterization of seized samples. This intelligence information is then used to supplement that obtained through normal police channels in the search for illicit drug sources, manufacturers or distributors. This paper describes the techniques used for comparing and characterizing various drug preparations and outlines the type of information that can be gained from such studies. PMID- 6564903 TI - Leuckart-specific impurities in amphetamine and methamphetamine seized in Norway. AB - Samples of 28 amphetamine and 7 methamphetamine seizures, taken in Norway from 1975 to 1982, were examined. The amphetamine and methamphetamine contents varied from 9 to 99 per cent and from 9 to 72 per cent respectively. Impurities originating from the synthesis of the illicit samples were identified by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry. Special attention was paid to "Leuckart-specific" impurities, which could indicate that the Leuckart method of amphetamine and methamphetamine synthesis had been used. N-formyl methamphetamine, a Leuckart-specific compound, was identified in all the investigated samples of methamphetamine seized in Norway. The Leuckart-specific impurities, 4-methyl-5-phenyl-pyrimidine and N-formyl-amphetamine, were identified in 79 per cent of the amphetamine samples. PMID- 6564904 TI - Benzoyltropeine, an unusual substance in street heroin samples. AB - Benzoyltropeine, an isomer of tropacocaine, was found in samples of heroin seized in Florence in 1981. Since there were no analytical data on benzoyltropeine, it was difficult to differentiate this substance from tropacocaine. In an effort to make the differentiation easier, the authors tried out various techniques and found thin-layer chromatography and high-resolution gas chromatography to be the most suitable for this purpose. A specific identification of isomers of these substances was obtained by using nuclear magnetic resonance and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. PMID- 6564905 TI - The activities of the Narcotics Laboratory Section of the Division of Narcotic Drugs in supporting national laboratories. United Nations Secretariat. AB - Since the establishment of the Narcotics Laboratory Section of the Division of Narcotic Drugs of the United Nations Secretariat in 1954, in accordance with resolution 834 (IX) of the United Nations General Assembly, the activities of the Narcotics Laboratory Section have developed according to the recommendations of the Commission on Narcotic Drugs. The Narcotics Laboratory Section carried out research on opium, cannabis, khat and codeine. The current programme of the Laboratory Section includes the following activities: Providing training in drug identification techniques to scientists, primarily from developing countries, and developing training standards; Strengthening national narcotics laboratories in developing countries, including the procurement of basic laboratory equipment; Developing standard testing methods applicable in developing countries; Providing reference samples for analytical and research purposes; Providing scientific and technical information on drugs of abuse; Collaborating with national narcotics laboratories. PMID- 6564906 TI - Rapid detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci with the MS-2 system. AB - The ability of the updated Abbott MS-2 system to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was compared with disk agar diffusion and broth microdilution. Of the 87 MRSA isolates tested, the MS-2 system correctly detected 85 (97.7%) in 5 h. Seventy-two of the isolates were detected by disk agar diffusion within 24 h, and 15 more by 48 h. Broth microdilution detected 71 MRSA by 24 h of incubation and 11 more by 48 h. The updated MS-2 system yielded reliable results that were highly comparable with the standard techniques. PMID- 6564907 TI - An experiment in interdisciplinary education. PMID- 6564908 TI - Using validation techniques to improve nurse-terminal patient communication. PMID- 6564909 TI - Entry characteristics of post-RN students: implications for the future. PMID- 6564910 TI - A data collection tool for the psychiatric nurse. PMID- 6564911 TI - Compliance and the post-MI patient. PMID- 6564912 TI - Developing a peer-helping program for adolescents. PMID- 6564913 TI - Predictors of psychosocial adjustment in patients newly diagnosed with gynecological cancer. PMID- 6564914 TI - A pilot study on the effects of the diagnosis of lung cancer on family relationships. PMID- 6564915 TI - An ambulatory infusion pump for pain control: a nursing approach for home care. PMID- 6564916 TI - Cancer rehabilitation and continuing care: a case study. PMID- 6564918 TI - Cancer nursing and the law. Hospital corporate liability: Part I. PMID- 6564917 TI - When the cancer patient becomes anemic. PMID- 6564919 TI - Programmed instruction: cancer care. Cancer prevention and detection. Cervical cancer. PMID- 6564920 TI - The relationship between ego strength, field dependence-independence, and the development of postcardiotomy psychosis in adult male coronary artery revascularization patients. PMID- 6564921 TI - [Transferable resistance to cephalosporins, ureidopenicillins (azlocillin, mezlocillin) and trimethoprim in Czechoslovakia]. PMID- 6564923 TI - [Changes in the lung tissue of newborn rats after paraquat as a model of respiratory distress]. AB - The influence of paraquat on lung tissue of neonate rats was studied being supposed to mimic a respiratory distress syndrome of neonate children. One subcutaneous dose led to faster evolution of lesions in immature tissue than in adult animals. Lesions of capillary endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells manifested themselves by exudate in primitive alveoli (sacculi) as early as 16 hours after administering of the drug. An impairment of the surfactant and of its production is to be supposed similar to the impairment of air-blood barrier in immature neonate children. That is why the lesions could serve as an experimental model of development and influencing of respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6564924 TI - Large-scale purification and characterization of human urinary kallikrein. PMID- 6564922 TI - Influence of lipoproteins on elastase-type activity of arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. PMID- 6564925 TI - [A good nurse who serves the people wholeheartedly]. PMID- 6564926 TI - [Creating a new prospect for teaching anatomy]. PMID- 6564927 TI - [Self-teaching: a way for continuous nursing education]. PMID- 6564928 TI - [A summary of advanced nursing education programs. Nanjing Medical College]. PMID- 6564929 TI - [Study on examination methods from the viewpoint of intelligence development]. PMID- 6564930 TI - [An approach to secondary infection caused by subclavicular intravenous infusion]. PMID- 6564931 TI - [The clinical value of using the Nurses' Observation Scale for Inpatient Evaluation]. PMID- 6564932 TI - [Nursing observations on 271 cases with chest injuries]. PMID- 6564934 TI - [Care of patients with an intestinal fistula]. PMID- 6564933 TI - [Monitoring of patients with pericardial obstruction following open heart operation]. PMID- 6564935 TI - [The treatment of cervix erosion using electrical pressing and cauterization: 411 case reports]. PMID- 6564936 TI - [Experience in nursing of psoriatic patients]. PMID- 6564937 TI - [The effect of temperature on the concentration and volume of alcohol]. PMID- 6564939 TI - [Promoting advanced nursing education in college]. PMID- 6564938 TI - [The use of alcohol as a disinfectant: some pointers]. PMID- 6564940 TI - [Genetics and genetic diseases (I)]. PMID- 6564941 TI - [Improved gastric secretory test]. PMID- 6564942 TI - [Report of a visit to Japan]. PMID- 6564943 TI - [Developing students' intelligence in nursing education]. PMID- 6564944 TI - Continuing education. PMID- 6564945 TI - An innovative approach to nursing education mobility: the Southern Performance Assessment Center. PMID- 6564946 TI - Progressive positive peer assistance program. PMID- 6564947 TI - Measurements of urinary kinins by HPLC-radioimmunoassay. AB - In this paper we describe a method for the individual determination of urinary kinins. Extraction from the urine is performed on an Amberlite CG-50 column and kinins are eluted with formic acid. The samples are further purified and kinins are separated by reversed phase HPLC. Bradykinin and lysylbradykinin are quantified by a sensitive radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 0.1 fmol of either peptide. Procedural losses are monitored by measuring the recovery of [3H]bradykinin and [3H]lysylbradykinin. Simple methods for labeling of bradykinin and lysylbradykinin with tritium are also presented. Recoveries of [3H]bradykinin and [3H]lysylbradykinin from biological material ranged between 77 and 91%. The combination of HPLC with radioimmunoassay makes it possible to determine kinin concentrations of biological samples with a higher sensitivity and greater specificity than previous methods. PMID- 6564949 TI - Nursing care of the Biostator patient. PMID- 6564948 TI - Roentgenology of cardiopulmonary disease. PMID- 6564950 TI - Exercise: a vital component for patients on the Biostator. PMID- 6564951 TI - Biostator education for staff development. PMID- 6564952 TI - Diet education for the parents of a young child with diabetes. PMID- 6564953 TI - A volunteer support group for parents of children with diabetes. PMID- 6564954 TI - Is aspartame safe? PMID- 6564955 TI - The pregnant diabetic. PMID- 6564956 TI - Trental: a new medication for diabetic peripheral vascular disorders. PMID- 6564957 TI - The emerging role of the critical care nurse. PMID- 6564958 TI - Profound hypothermia. PMID- 6564959 TI - Primary nursing in a Core-12 scheduling system. PMID- 6564961 TI - Sister Rosemary Donley: nurse educator, dean, editor, writer, active volunteer, and cat lover. PMID- 6564960 TI - Recalled perceptions of patients administered pancuronium bromide. PMID- 6564962 TI - Restriction of cold fluids in myocardial infarction patients: myth or fact? PMID- 6564964 TI - Legal issues in nursing. Nursing expertise and culpability. PMID- 6564963 TI - A graphic conversion method. PMID- 6564965 TI - Neurological assessment of altered states of consciousness. Part III. PMID- 6564967 TI - Ethical issues in a study of adolescent sexual behavior. PMID- 6564966 TI - The ethical role of the professional association. PMID- 6564968 TI - A day in the life of a school nurse. PMID- 6564969 TI - The A.N.A. code for nurses in a changing health care environment. PMID- 6564970 TI - Withholding or discontinuing life support systems. PMID- 6564971 TI - "Am I my brother's keeper?" An ethical question for professional nursing for the 1980's. PMID- 6564972 TI - [Extent of pregnancy supervision in Bavaria and measurement of its effectiveness]. AB - Perinatal mortality is high in the Federal Republic of Germany when compared with that in the Scandinavian countries, and it is often claimed that this is due to the unsatisfactory utilisation of prenatal care examinations in this country. Good prenatal care is characterised by the fact that it starts early, that it is carried out intensively, and that it is flexibly adapted to the individual risk situation. Of 83,308 pregnant women covered 1981 by the Bavarian Perinatal Analysis Inquiry, 65.5% had consulted the doctor for the first time before the 13th week of pregnancy, whereas 1.8% consulted the doctor after the 36th week. 53.1% were examined 10 or more times. Every 8th pregnant woman (12.8%) had omitted at least two or more consultations compared with the recommendations for prenatal care and independent of the onset of the care programme. Factors exercising a positive influence on perinatal care resulted in better utilisation, and vice versa. The care programme was frequently neglected by primigravidae who where less than 16 years old, by multigravidae, unmarried mothers and foreigners. Data on the effectiveness of prenatal care are supplied by the Bavarian Perinatal Inquiry Data especially in the analysis of risk-free pregnancies. The later perinatal care was instituted, the more frequent were risk factors at birth. On the average, birth risk was seen after every 5th risk-free pregnancy (21.3%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6564973 TI - [Value of treatment with dihydroergotamine for hypotension in pregnancy]. AB - Hypotension during pregnancy must be taken seriously. This complication is definitely serious enough to merit treatment. However, examinations have been lacking so far proving the advantages or possible risks of antihypotensive therapy. A short while ago the authors reported on favourable results obtained with dihydroergotamin (DHE) in hypotensive patients. It was the aim of the present study to test this finding, which had been obtained with a relatively small group of patients, by employing a large group. The evaluation was based on the statistical data from 400 hypotensive pregnant women who had delivered during the time between 1.1. 1982 and 31.8. 1983 in the obstetrical department of the Berlin-Neukolln Hospital Pregnant women were considered to be hypotensive if they had appeared for examination at least three times up to the 28th week of pregnancy with a maximum systolic blood pressure of less than or equal to 110 mmHg and diastolic pressure of less than or equal to 60 mm Hg. In relation to the total number of births of 4763, the proportion of hypotensives was 8.4%. 204 (4.3%) hypotensive women were subjected to DHE treatment; 156 of these took regularly 2 X 2.5 mg DETMS retard, whereas compliance was irregular with the remaining 50 patients. 196 (4.1%) refused treatment. The fact that the percentage of women willing to undergo treatment was relatively low (39%) is attributed partly to pregnant women being afraid of taking drugs, and partly to the attitude adopted by gynaecologists who are often hardly convinced that hypotension is a grave sign.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6564974 TI - [Is antireflux management of a ureteral lesion occurring during gynecologic surgery absolutely necessary?]. AB - Gynaecological interventions are responsible for most of the (albeit rare) iatrogenic lesions of the ureter in the minor pelvis. After having recognised such a lesion intraoperatively, direct and definitive primary care should always be aimed at, i. e. ureterocystoneostomy according to the antireflux principle. This technique should be used also if a lesion has been recognised at a late stage only, for example, in case of ureteral fistulas and stenoses. Direct ureterocystoneostomy is now considered obsolete on account of the danger of reflux and the ensuing complications. Every surgeon performing surgery in the region of the minor pelvis should be familiar with the methods of bladder mobilisation and ureterocystoneostomy. If not, a urologically skilled expert should be consulted. This will avoid unnecessary re-operations involving additional risks for the patient. PMID- 6564975 TI - [Onset and significance of postoperative bacteriuria]. AB - In 52 patients an indwelling transurethral catheter was inserted after gynaecological surgery for 5 days; no patient received antibiotics. At the time of removal of the catheter on the 6th postoperative day and 2 days later (8th postoperative day) a urine culture was set up. At the time of removal of the catheter on the 6th day, 26/52 patients (50%) had significant bacteriuria greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml. In 11 out of the 26 patients with bacteriuria the urine cleared spontaneously within 2 days; on the other hand, 10/26 patients with a negative culture at the time of removal of the catheter had significant bacteriuria 2 days later. As a group these women also had delayed spontaneous onset of voiding and persistence of residual urine. Younger patients (less than 45 years) had significantly fewer bacteriurias on the 6th day than older patients. A positive urine culture at the time of removal of the catheter should be treated with antibiotics; a negative urine culture should be repeated whenever spontaneous voiding is delayed, when there is persistent residual urine, or when the clinical signs of urinary tract infection are present. PMID- 6564976 TI - [Significance of ovulatory age in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer]. AB - The impact of several parameters influencing ovulation upon the epidemiology of ovarian cancer was assessed retrospectively on 129 patients. The same number of women with other gynaecological diagnoses was used as controls. "Ovulatory age" was significantly higher in patients than in controls. Relative risk to develop ovarian cancer decreased with the increase of "protected time". Blood-group A was found considerably more frequently, blood-group 0 less frequently in patients than in the normal population. PMID- 6564977 TI - [The Erlangen in-vitro fertilization program--results to date]. AB - The authors describe the development of the Erlangen in-vitro fertilisation programme during the past 2 1/2 years. Details of the instrumentarium and of the individual steps are described, such as stimulation and control of cycle, follicle puncture and embryo transfer. By 31. 3. 1984 the number of attained pregnancies increased to 43 and that of delivered infants to 27. 32 pregnancies were achieved with 226 embryo transfers. 12 healthy children have already been born. In one of the most recent series, 33 consecutive transfers resulted in 9 pregnancies. Details of the instrumentarium and technique which have contributed to obtaining the best results, are compared with the technique and results obtained by other work teams. PMID- 6564978 TI - [A new LH-RIA rapid test for determining peak levels of serum LH--a methodological contribution to in-vitro fertilization]. AB - A highly sensitive, easy to operate LH-RIA rapid test was developed by changing the incubation period and temperature and by reducing the standard curve to three measurement data, using commercially available reagents. The results obtained by means of the LH-RIA rapid test correlate most loosely with those of a conventional 5-hour LH-RIA. The new LH-RIA rapid test is ideally suited for LH peak search at short intervals for exact determination of the time of ovulation as part of in-vitro fertilisation or insemination. PMID- 6564979 TI - [Chorion biopsy for chromosome diagnosis in the 1st trimester--discussion contribution to a new method of prenatal diagnosis]. AB - Biopsy of the chorion is a new possibility in prenatal diagnostics offering certain advantages over the classical puncture of the amniotic fluid during the second trimenon. The article explains the technique, possibilities of complications and ethical aspects with regard to a possible acceptance of this examination method as a routine procedure. PMID- 6564980 TI - [Risk of treatment with dihydroergotamine in pregnancy]. PMID- 6564982 TI - [Biology and social economy]. PMID- 6564981 TI - Increased urinary kallikrein-like activity during ADH-induced hyponatremia in rats. AB - The urinary kallikrein system was studied during hyponatremia associated with water and vasopressin administration in rats. Two groups of animals were studied. In the experimental group (n = 5), vasopressin (0.4 U/day) was injected intramuscularly for 7 days, and water (15%-20% body weight per day) was given via a stomach tube. The control group (n = 6) received only vasopressin. In the experimental group, plasma sodium concentration (PNa) decreased from 143.2 +/- 0.5 to 130.8 +/- 1.8 (m +/- SEM) mmol/liter (5th day, p less than 0.01) along with plasma osmolality. Urinary kallikrein-like activities (UkaV) increased from 99.1 +/- 7.5 to 172.6 +/- 23.5 mumol X min/day (100 g body weight) (5th day, p less than 0.05; 6th day, p less than 0.05; and 7th day, p less than 0.05) after the administration of vasopressin. Uric acid clearance (Cua) increased from 0.153 +/- 0.014 to 0.275 +/- 0.041 ml/min (5th day, p less than 0.05; 7th day, p less than 0.05). No change was observed in urinary aldosterone excretion (UAldV), creatinine clearance, or blood pressure. UkaV correlated with Cua (r = 0.81, p less than 0.01) and with the degree of change of PNa (r = --0.79, p less than 0.01), respectively. In the control group, no change was observed in the above parameters. A significant relationship between UkaV and fractional Na clearance (r = 0.60, p less than 0.01) was observed. We conclude that the urinary kallikrein system in rats may be stimulated during hyponatremia when induced by water and vasopressin. This increased activity is probably the result of volume expansion associated with water and vasopressin and may have some relationship to fractional Na clearance in the kidney. PMID- 6564983 TI - [Why analyzing carcinoembryonic antigen?]. PMID- 6564984 TI - [Education of the professional nurse]. PMID- 6564985 TI - [Hepatic tests? By which tests should they be replaced?]. PMID- 6564986 TI - [Sexuality and adolescence]. PMID- 6564987 TI - [An experiment in interdisciplinary education]. PMID- 6564988 TI - [Validation in nurse-terminal patient relations]. PMID- 6564989 TI - [Entry characteristics of diploma students to the university: future repercussions]. PMID- 6564990 TI - [A data collection tool for psychiatric nurses]. PMID- 6564991 TI - [Observation of therapy after a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6564992 TI - [The adolescent and his peers: developing a helping program]. PMID- 6564993 TI - Nurses' perceptions of early breast cancer and mastectomy, and their psychological implications, and of the role of health professionals in providing support. AB - The literature on the psychological precursors and outcomes of cancer and the role of the surgeon and nurse in the psychological management of early breast cancer, is briefly reviewed. A questionnaire study tapped nurses' perceptions of the disease and its treatment, patients' problems and the provision of psychological support. Their responses indicated mixed attitudes toward treatment outcomes, but a general enthusiasm for health education. Mastectomy itself was seen as posing serious social problems by half the sample, and serious sexual problems by more than three-quarters, and many felt that the support currently provided for patients is inadequate. While nurses saw themselves as having a key role in giving comfort, they were less likely to see themselves in the role of counsellor. Many of the sample felt that they had not been trained to provide psychological care at this level. Here, the skills of a specialist nurse were looked for, in the case of counselling the patient herself, or the authority of the doctor, when counselling husbands. PMID- 6564994 TI - The patients' need for information during hospital stay. PMID- 6564995 TI - Nurses' cigarette smoking in England and Wales. PMID- 6564996 TI - An analytical study of a joint clinical teaching/service appointment on a hospital ward. PMID- 6564997 TI - Contraception tomorrow. PMID- 6564998 TI - Continuing education for public health nursing leaders. AB - This paper has shared a specific conceptual framework and its use in the programme planning process for a leadership institute for public health nursing in the United States of America. The context, rationale, and value premises from which the framework for planning the institute evolved have been discussed. The fact that the framework provided a necessary planning structure for the committee members to function within has been stressed. That the programme exceeded the original conceptualized outcome for the framework's use in no way diminishes the value of this planning tool. Indeed, the outcomes merely validate the principle, 'the whole is greater than the sum of its parts'. PMID- 6564999 TI - Putting a price on primary health care. PMID- 6565000 TI - We need a more human perspective. PMID- 6565001 TI - Peer education in schools for children with cancer. PMID- 6565002 TI - Effects of self-care instruction on asthmatic children. PMID- 6565003 TI - Hearing can be lost during healing. PMID- 6565004 TI - Satisfaction with one's body and success in breastfeeding. PMID- 6565005 TI - A step-by-step guide to planning a children's health fair. PMID- 6565006 TI - Cultural components of pain: the Arab-American child. PMID- 6565007 TI - [Laminaria--a modern cervix dilatation method with more than a 100-year history]. PMID- 6565008 TI - [Acupuncture education at the International College of Acupuncture in Colombo, Sri Lanka January 1984 through February 1984]. PMID- 6565009 TI - [Women abuse]. PMID- 6565010 TI - Detergent-resistant Streptococcus faecium derivatives that display conditional penicillin lysis. AB - Three spontaneous derivatives of Streptococcus faecium ATCC 9790, originally isolated as conditionally Triton X-100 detergent-resistant at 25 degrees C, displayed normal penicillin-induced rates of lysis at 37 degrees C but substantially reduced rates of lysis and killing at 25 degrees C. The addition of exogenous unsaturated fatty acids at 25 degrees C restored wild-type penicillin lysis rates. PMID- 6565011 TI - Tautological twaddle. PMID- 6565012 TI - Certification: consideration for the 1980s. PMID- 6565013 TI - The continent ileostomy: an acceptable alternative. PMID- 6565015 TI - Stoma care in Great Britain. PMID- 6565014 TI - Clinical trial of a moisture vapor-permeable dressing on superficial pressure sores. PMID- 6565016 TI - The continent urostomy. Interview by P. Pressel. PMID- 6565017 TI - Classifying variables for research purposes. PMID- 6565018 TI - Ascorbic acid. PMID- 6565019 TI - Karaya sensitivity. PMID- 6565020 TI - Feminist methodology in nursing research. AB - In this paper the author discusses her experiences as a feminist, nurse and sociologist carrying out a study of hysterectomy. Difficulties in setting up the research, carrying out interviews and publishing reports result from masculine models of sociological research and from the fact that nursing work, including research, is carried out in a context of medical domination. These experiences are analysed in terms of feminist research methodology in sociology, and it is argued that in the case of nursing and women's health a feminist perspective offers opportunities for mutual consciousness-raising and for working together to challenge male medical control over these aspects of women's lives. PMID- 6565021 TI - Nursing and the chronically ill patient in the acute-care hospital. AB - The purpose of this exploratory interview study was to delineate the experience of nurses in a large acute-care/teaching hospital who provided nursing care to patients whose condition is characterized by: (a) chronicity, (b) severe functional debilitation, (c) whose care needs require maximum staff effort, and (d) whose potential for improvement was minimal. These patients are of significance for nurses because their predominant care needs are nursing, yet most nurses in the acute setting find the experience of providing care to these patients to be burdensome and discouraging. However, based on the data to be reported on here, there were nurses in the study who found the experience to be both challenging and rewarding. Discussion is on the experience of nurses who found a challenge and reward in the experience and focuses on (a) what they found in the nursing care of these patients to be a challenge and rewarding and why, (b) how their expectations for the patient and their perspective on the patient's progress enhanced provision of care to these patients, and (c) their impact on the ward vis-a-vis their peers. Implications for nursing practice are discussed. PMID- 6565022 TI - The constructs 'stress' and 'coping' as a rationale for nursing activities. AB - In this paper the constructs 'stress' and 'coping' as defined in an earlier paper (Clarke 1984) are used as a perspective for the interpretation of disease processes. The second half of the paper is devoted to an examination of the nurse's role which is seen as concerned with helping patients in the reduction or avoidance of stress and the strengthening of coping. General hospital nursing and district nursing is analysed in greater depth than other types of nursing. PMID- 6565023 TI - How popular is the nursing sector in Finland? Will the demand accumulate to be a problem in educational policy? AB - The article deals with the popularity of nursing education in Finland. Though the regional differences in applications for nursing education have decreased in recent years, the congested and annually accumulating demand as well as the search for education outside one's home province are most distinctly a problem of educational policy in the underdevelopment areas. Due to the greatly increased demand, the number of non-placed applicants rose from 29 000 in 1979 to 36 000 in 1982. It is reasoned that the accumulating demand results from women's sexually biased vocational orientation, from structures of vocational education that favour men, and from severe youth unemployment. For the sake of educational equality women should increasingly plan career alternatives that deviate from the traditional vocational roles. Educators, teachers and counsellors should promote women's liberation from the old-fashioned patterns at levels of cognition and attitude. PMID- 6565024 TI - Aspects of the nurse tutor--student nurse relationship. AB - This paper is focused on selected items from an exploratory study of nurse tutor- student nurse role-relationships. Aspects of the teacher-student and counselor client dimensions of the relationship are reported. The research was conducted from a sociological perspective using role theory as the organizing theoretical framework. An 'ideal type' tutor--student relationship was proposed from the findings. There was concensus between tutors and students that tutors acted in a caring way towards students but many constraints were identified which inhibited students with problems from seeking help from tutors and prevented tutors from offering all the help which they wished to give to students. PMID- 6565025 TI - Challenging graduate nursing students to think for the future. AB - Integrating concepts from nursing, administration, and education into a core graduate nursing course at the University of Nebraska College of Nursing, USA, is described. Specific issues facing nursing are considered. These and other elements of the students personal, as well as practical political, economic, and social forces are examined. The widespread applicability of concepts such as management, decision-making, change, learning, conflict and evaluation to nursing administration and education is discussed. A specific example of how these concepts may be applied to a current nursing issue is presented. PMID- 6565027 TI - What is good? A basis for action. PMID- 6565026 TI - Crisis intervention: a group-therapy approach for hospitalized breast cancer patients. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of nursing intervention on the level of depression and the self-esteem of hospitalized breast cancer patients. The theoretical framework was based on crisis theory (Caplan 1964). The population of this study consisted of 18 female hospitalized breast cancer patients. Ten were in the control group and eight in the experimental group. Two self-administered instruments were selected for the pre- and post-testing of all clients. Nursing intervention was employed for the experimental group, over a 2 month period. The findings demonstrated that there was a change in the level of depression and improvement in self-esteem among the subjects in the experimental group after nursing intervention. PMID- 6565028 TI - Helping the rural elderly. PMID- 6565029 TI - Staff attitudes: image or reality? PMID- 6565031 TI - Tribute to an older caregiver. PMID- 6565030 TI - When nurses' aides care. PMID- 6565032 TI - A voice in the darkness. PMID- 6565033 TI - Antibiotic-resistant pneumococci in hospitalized children. AB - A search for nasopharyngeal carriers of Streptococcus pneumoniae was conducted in 573 children hospitalized in Durban, South Africa. Study subjects were divided into two groups, comprising 305 new admissions and 268 patients who had been hospitalized for more than 24 h. Of the 573 children 178 (31%) yielded pneumococci on nasopharyngeal culture; 99 (32%) and 79 (29%) children in the new admission and in-patient categories respectively. Twenty-one (12%) pneumococci were resistant to penicillin, including 11 strains that were resistant to more than one antibiotic. Resistant pneumococci belonged exclusively to serotypes 6 and 19 (Danish nomenclature), which were also the commonest serotypes among penicillin-sensitive strains. Factors that correlated with carriage of penicillin resistant pneumococci were hospitalization for more than 24 h, young age and recent exposure to beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6565034 TI - Outplacement service for the nurse executive. AB - Outplacement service (OPS) is a human resource service provided by organizations to terminated executives. In addition to assisting organizations with the mechanics of the termination process, OPS helps terminated executives cope with the trauma of job loss and find new employment. Given the frequent involvement of nurse executives in termination decisions and the risk of termination inherent in their own positions, nurse executives have a vested interest in OPS policies and programs. PMID- 6565035 TI - Achieving a professional practice model. How primary nursing can help. AB - The authors of this article show how a change to primary nursing causes a series of predictable changes in hospital organizations and nursing departments. They conceptualize the series of changes as a continuum. Using their continuum as a framework, they analyze primary nursing at six acute care hospitals, noting how the changes in nursing practice affect seven key variables in the organization. Nursing leaders may wish to use the insights provided by the framework to push their organizations further toward the goal of more autonomy, power, and achieving a model of professional practice. PMID- 6565036 TI - Building a hospital nursing research department. AB - The value of research to the practice of nursing has been well documented. The difficult question today is how to establish a formal research component into the nursing division when funding sources are scarce or nonexistent. The process that one large tertiary-care hospital used to accomplish this goal is analyzed. The authors discuss design, resources, implementation, financing, and program maintenance. PMID- 6565037 TI - How to use a headhunter. AB - Using a headhunter to find a new position for yourself or to fill a vacancy in your institution is becoming increasingly popular in nursing. The author, now a headhunter who was formerly a practicing nurse, provides some ground rules for effectively and efficiently using a headhunter. PMID- 6565038 TI - An accountability-classification instrument for orthopaedic patients. AB - The development and implementation of a new combined nursing accountability patient classification instrument that demonstrates the quantitative measurement of nursing care for both physical and psychoemotional patient parameters are described. Although developed for the orthopaedic patient, the whole concept can be applied to any patient group. The primary purposes of the instrument are to provide for accurate and timely documentation of of the instrument are to provide for accurate and timely documentation of patient care provided, to estimate productivity by predicting the need for nursing care resources, and to establish a database for variable patient billing based on quantified nursing care requirements. PMID- 6565039 TI - Nursing research: an assessment of staff nurse perceptions. PMID- 6565040 TI - Legislative issues. PMID- 6565041 TI - Clinical problems: teaching Broviac catheter care. PMID- 6565042 TI - Fitting a research problem to a theory. PMID- 6565043 TI - Cytarabine (Ara-C): a drug profile. PMID- 6565044 TI - The pediatric cancer patient and general anesthesia. PMID- 6565045 TI - Sequence and structure of a serine transfer RNA with GCU anticodon from mosquito mitochondria. AB - We have determined the primary sequence and modification status of a transfer RNA from mosquito mitochondria whose GCU anticodon indicates that it is a serine tRNA (tRNASerGCU), and have obtained information on higher order structure using partial digestion with nucleases S1 and T1 under non-denaturing conditions. Although its primary sequence homology to mammalian mitochondrial tRNASerGCU is modest (46%), the mosquito tRNA resembles its mammalian mitochondrial counterpart in that a plausible secondary structure configuration includes a drastically abbreviated D arm and a sex base-pair anticodon stem. Other unusual features include a ribose-methylated cytidine residue at the end of the anticodon stem, and the likely occurrence of a psi residue between the amino acid arm and arm IV. PMID- 6565046 TI - Diagnosis: Horner's syndrome. PMID- 6565047 TI - Biting the bullet--patient perspective. PMID- 6565048 TI - What's your impression? C macular holes (full thickness) OU. PMID- 6565049 TI - The afferent pupillary defect. PMID- 6565050 TI - A preliminary study on the use of carbenicillin in snakes. AB - The results of a 10 year survey on the in vitro antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from clinically ill reptiles, showed a high degree of sensitivity to carbenicillin. On the basis of sensitivity testing, carbenicillin was used to treat nine snakes of four different species, with confirmed Pseudomonas infections. Plasma carbenicillin levels were assayed, by a microbiological agar diffusion technique, at intervals of time after a single intramuscular injection at a dose rate of 400 mg/kg. Peak plasma levels of 177 and 270 micrograms/ml were reached 1 h after the initial injection and therapeutic levels persisted for at least 12 h. This initial study indicated that a suggested dose regime in snakes, derived by extrapolation from mammalian dosages, of 100-125 mg/kg daily was insufficient to produce plasma levels of sufficient magnitude and duration to effectively treat Pseudomonas infections in snakes. PMID- 6565051 TI - [Urinary kallikrein and prostaglandin excretion in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis of hypertensive type and the effect of kallidinogenase on its abnormality]. PMID- 6565052 TI - [Etiology of iatrogenic immunosuppression and its prevention and control]. PMID- 6565053 TI - [Nursing standards for the immunodeficient patient]. PMID- 6565054 TI - [How to explain the effects and adverse reactions of drugs to patients treated with anticancer or immunosuppressive agents]. PMID- 6565055 TI - [Looking back on the nursing care of a child with severe congenital immunodeficiency]. PMID- 6565056 TI - [Nursing care of patients undergoing high-dose anticancer chemotherapy]. PMID- 6565057 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with autoimmune disease (collagen disease); with special reference to the care of Raynaud's phenomenon]. PMID- 6565058 TI - [Study of prevention of stomatitis and perianal abscess in children with leukemia]. PMID- 6565059 TI - [Nurses' mind on keeping clients' privacy]. PMID- 6565060 TI - [Nursing care of a child with speech and language retardation; through a case of mesenteric cyst complicated by intestinal volvulus]. PMID- 6565061 TI - [Examining the nursing plan for the patient with hemiplegia before discharge]. PMID- 6565062 TI - [A study of washer-sterilizer effectiveness]. PMID- 6565063 TI - [Steroid "pulse therapy"]. PMID- 6565064 TI - [Brain resuscitation]. PMID- 6565065 TI - [Tumor markers]. PMID- 6565066 TI - [Dry chemistry]. PMID- 6565067 TI - [Nursing care of the patient undergoing oxygen therapy and artificial ventilation]. PMID- 6565068 TI - [Methods of artificial ventilation and their management in the ICU]. PMID- 6565069 TI - [A survey of medical instruction sources concerning chronic renal failure patients' life style and home care]. PMID- 6565071 TI - [Need of relatives of critically ill patients: a descriptive study]. PMID- 6565070 TI - [Vomiting]. PMID- 6565072 TI - [General concept of immunodeficiency]. PMID- 6565073 TI - [Infection in primary immunodeficiency and its treatment]. PMID- 6565074 TI - [Research on instrument development. Commentary: on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory]. PMID- 6565076 TI - [Research on instrument development. Commentary: On Y-G Personality Inventory]. PMID- 6565075 TI - [Research on instrument development. Commentary: on self-esteem]. PMID- 6565077 TI - [An instrument for theory and research development using the behavioral systems model for nursing: the cancer patient. I]. PMID- 6565078 TI - [The process of theory analysis: an examination of the nursing theory of Dorothea E. Orem]. PMID- 6565079 TI - [Discussion started from the results of research]. PMID- 6565080 TI - [Discussion: observe oneself, develop the basic ability of research through the research process]. PMID- 6565081 TI - [Research on instrument development. Commentary: a discriminative chart as a screening test of neurotics by CMI (Cornell Medical Index)]. PMID- 6565082 TI - [Reflections on the experience as a nursing school instructor]. PMID- 6565083 TI - [Current status of and problems in clinical training: a survey on clinical instructors of the National Hospitals and Sanatoria]. PMID- 6565084 TI - [Education for the establishment of a sound nursing philosophy: an evaluation of students' reports]. PMID- 6565085 TI - [A lesson in nursing of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: nursing of a patient with little response through psychological, visual, and touch communication. A student's report]. PMID- 6565086 TI - [Toward clinical training with fulfillment as a professional: training in the care of children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6565087 TI - [Instructors' interactions with students in clinical training]. PMID- 6565088 TI - [Planning of clinical training in adult nursing (in the field of internal medicine]. PMID- 6565089 TI - [Training in pediatric nursing: nursing actions directed to growth and development of children (3). Hygiene and related nursing actions]. PMID- 6565090 TI - [On nursing education. 22. Nursing education and postgraduate training]. PMID- 6565091 TI - [Nursing in the future: a thought through practice (4). A goal in nursing and trial application of new nursing theories]. PMID- 6565092 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Noriko Fukuhara (Hokkaido)]. PMID- 6565093 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Mrs. Sada Sasaki (Aomori Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565095 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Hide Watanabe (Yamagate Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565094 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Toyo Sugawara (Iwate Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565096 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Asako Saito (Ibaragi Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565097 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Haru Koshikawa (Chiba Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565098 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Shizue Ogawa (Kanagawa Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565099 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Teru Tomita (Niigata Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565100 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Eiko Horiuchi (Nagano Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565101 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Saki Oishi (Shizuoka Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565103 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Ayako Miura (Toyama Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565102 TI - [Postwar activities of public health nurses (1). Ms. Miyo Ieda (Aichi Prefecture)]. PMID- 6565104 TI - [Reevaluation and prospects of public health activities. Reaffirmation of logical significance of the need-oriented approach: a comparison with similar approaches in biology, philosophy, and social sciences]. PMID- 6565105 TI - [Life in Nepal. 5]. PMID- 6565106 TI - Premenstrual syndrome. Its nature, evaluation, and management. AB - At least 25% of all menstruating women suffer from the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The complex nature and incidence of PMS are explored. A PMS Clinic Nursing Protocol is provided to facilitate recognition, evaluation, and management of the syndrome. Both nonpharmacologic and drug therapies are included under interventions for the individual woman experiencing premenstrual dysphoria. Community management is also described. PMID- 6565107 TI - Participation in prepared childbirth. Baccalaureate nursing education. AB - Nurses need to meet consumer demands for quality maternal-infant health care. To meet this need, the College of Nursing faculty at the University of Florida included prepared childbirth classes as a clinical experience in a BSN program. Each student works with a client couple in an ambulatory care setting to provide complete and individualized nursing care through the final weeks of pregnancy, the labor and delivery experience, and for a brief period postpartum. How this program facilitates students' development of a holistic approach to maternal infant nursing and increases the quality of health care for expectant parents is described. PMID- 6565108 TI - Anticipatory guidance. Adding solids to the infant's diet. AB - Infant feeding practices have not always conformed to professional recommendations. Anticipatory guidance based on a careful assessment of the baby's mother, use of Gestalt principles, and innovative teaching techniques is more likely to lead to appropriate infant feeding practices than fragmented and inconsistent attempts. PMID- 6565109 TI - Community health nursing assessment of neurodevelopment in high-risk infants. AB - All infants discharged from designated perinatal center neonatal intensive care units in Illinois are referred for follow-up home visits by community health nurses. These visits provide parental support, teaching, and anticipatory guidance plus physical and developmental assessment of the infant. The maternal and child nursing consultants who coordinate this follow-up program are frequently called upon to assist the community health nurses in physical/developmental assessment techniques. The neurodevelopmental component of the assessment, including areas of alertness, tone, head circumference, vision and hearing screening, plus primitive reflexes, is described. PMID- 6565110 TI - The effect of prenatal breastfeeding education on breastfeeding success and maternal perception of the infant. AB - A quasi-experimental design was used to determine the effect of prenatal breastfeeding education on maternal reports of success in breastfeeding and maternal perception of the infant. The sample consisted of 40 primiparous women who desired to breastfeed their infants. All subjects were enrolled to attend childbirth education classes and vaginally delivered full-term, healthy infants without complication. Twenty subjects attended a prenatal breastfeeding education class and 20 served as controls. Data revealed that primiparous women who received prenatal breastfeeding education reported a significantly higher frequency of success in breastfeeding than those who did not (P = 0.01). There was a significant difference in the Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI) I scores of experimental and control subjects at one to two days postpartum (P = 0.05). The NPI II scores of the experimental mothers were significantly more positive at one month postpartum (P = 0.001). Primiparous women who received prenatal breastfeeding education reported significantly more positive NPI II scores than the control group (P = 0.001). PMID- 6565112 TI - The Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner in Kansas: the state of the art. PMID- 6565111 TI - Correlates of dysmenorrhea. A challenge to past stereotypes. AB - A study was conducted to explore the relationship of demographic variables, gynecologic history variables, and menstrual attitudes to three measures of dysmenorrhea derived from the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire. One hundred ninety-three women, 18 to 35 years old, from five neighborhoods in a large, metropolitan city comprised the sample population. The strongest correlates found were attitudes toward menstruation, though associations between dysmenorrhea and items reflecting traditional/feminist dimensions were absent. Further precision in defining dysmenorrhea and a comprehensive, health-oriented approach to dealing with menstrual distress is indicated. Recommendations about the nurse's role in counseling dysmenorrheic women and promoting more positive menstrual attitudes are discussed. PMID- 6565113 TI - [Role of the kallikrein-kinin system in the pathogenesis of the dumping syndrome]. PMID- 6565114 TI - Proceedings of the National Conference on School Health Education Research in the Heart, Lung, and Blood Areas. September 15-16, 1983, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 6565115 TI - The place of school health education in research within the programs of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. PMID- 6565116 TI - The role of school health education in preventing heart, lung, and blood diseases. AB - The scope and dynamics of heart, lung, and blood diseases in the United States are reviewed and the need for research about the primary prevention of these conditions among large populations of children and youth is explained. Ways in which school health education could contribute to the primary prevention of these diseases are delineated; risk factors and social issues that might be addressed by the nation's schools are identified. A brief review of educational efforts to discourage adolescent cigarette smoking during the last 30 years illustrates some of the problems and opportunities presented by school health education research. PMID- 6565117 TI - School health education research: future issues and challenges. AB - This paper presents the view that the dissemination of effective school health education constitutes a significant problem that deserves high priority on a national research agenda for school health education. Justification of dissemination is grounded in two presuppositions: (1) that there is a positive correlation between health education and the practice of health-enhancing behaviors and (2) that health education is an appropriate and fundamental task for schools. Two complex sub-problems are discussed. The first is related to the fact that there are no data to help us determine how many children in this country actually receive health information in schools. In addition, there is insufficient evidence to ascertain either the quality or quantity of health information children receive or where in the curriculum the presentation of that information occurs. The second problem pertains to the myriad of complex factors that impede the implementation of health education in schools. These two problems are re-cast into a series of researchable questions. PMID- 6565118 TI - A conceptual approach to school-based health promotion. AB - Health and health promotion have become salient topics in American society in the 1980's. Still there is little consensus on what is meant by the term "health promotion," in what ways children and adolescents should be a targeted group, or whether such activities are appropriate for schools. This paper proposes a concept of health promotion as an intervention modality, based on a clarification of the notion of health and the efforts needed to foster improved health. The relevance of health promotion efforts to the school setting is argued from three perspectives. Three levels of analysis for conceptualizing school health promotion programs are then proposed and involve the school environment, student personality characteristics, and student behavior. The question of accomplishing changes in health-related behavior through the schools is addressed through changes that are accomplished at each of these three levels. The exploration of this change process through particular theoretical attributes at each of these levels forms the basis for designing and evaluating strategies for effective school health promotion programs. Finally, the relationship between the school and the extra-school environment is proposed as a final area for research in school health promotion. PMID- 6565119 TI - Theoretical models for application in school health education research. AB - Theoretical models that may be useful to research studies in school health education are reviewed. Selected, well-defined theories include social learning theory, problem-behavior theory, theory of reasoned action, communications theory, coping theory, social competence, and social and family theories. Also reviewed are multiple theory models including models of health related-behavior, the PRECEDE Framework, social-psychological approaches and the Activated Health Education Model. Two major reviews of teaching models are also discussed. The paper concludes with a brief outline of the general applications of theory to the field of school health education including applications to basic research, development and design of interventions, program evaluation, and program utilization. PMID- 6565120 TI - Issues related to designing and conducting school health education research. AB - Investigators interested in conducting school health research face many important challenges. First, an appropriate research course for school health must be charted so the most important research issues are addressed in a systematic way. Second, there is a continuing need to develop scientifically sound research methods that can be used in the school setting. Third, there is the immediate need to identify ways of overcoming the usual problems encountered in the conduct of school health research. This paper focuses on the third challenge, via an analysis of the research design and measurement issues that most frequently confront school health researchers. The research design issues addressed include randomization of experimental units to treatments and selection of the appropriate statistical unit of analysis. The measurement issues addressed included use of existing versus newly developed instruments, use of norm referenced versus criterion-referenced instruments, use of self-report techniques, and appropriate use of affective instruments. Following an analysis of the issues a series of relevant questions are posed. PMID- 6565121 TI - Research on disseminating and implementing health education programs in schools. AB - Numerous school health education programs have been developed. No matter how effective a given program may be, however, its impact will be determined by the extent to which it actually is disseminated and maintained in classrooms. The dissemination of a program involves purposeful efforts by agencies usually outside the school to implement the program in many different schools, efforts by agencies usually outside the school to implement the program in many different schools, while program implementation involves efforts by those within a given school to effectively use the program in its classrooms. This paper has been prepared to review concepts, strategies, and methods used to study dissemination and implementation; to specify the functions of dissemination and implementation research; and to describe general approaches and specific procedures to evaluate the effectiveness of dissemination and implementation activities. As we develop more and better school health education interventions, the need for research that will allow us to efficiently transport these interventions to classrooms throughout the nation becomes increasingly important. PMID- 6565122 TI - Training needs in school health education research. AB - The purpose of this paper is to review the history of professional preparation of health educators for the conduct of research, to present several major issues and problems related to school health education research, and to identify the characteristics of present training models. Despite the fact that health education can trace its origin to early in this century, it was not until 1953 that a formal statement on research competencies was formulated. Since that time, however, a great deal of activity has been identified. While several issues have been raised regarding research strategies and techniques used by health educators, current training models hold a great deal of promise for strengthening these efforts. The characteristics of such training models are described. PMID- 6565123 TI - Nurse practitioners defended. PMID- 6565124 TI - Nursing diagnosis: key to successful nursing documentation. PMID- 6565126 TI - A case for breast feeding. PMID- 6565125 TI - Meeting calcium needs in the prenatal diet. PMID- 6565127 TI - Child restraints: the name of the game is saving children's lives. PMID- 6565128 TI - [Discussion on problems with single-use medical instruments]. PMID- 6565129 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of single-use medical instruments for nursing]. PMID- 6565130 TI - [Safety of materials of single-use medical instruments]. PMID- 6565131 TI - [Storage and disposal of single-use medical instruments]. PMID- 6565132 TI - [Single-use medical instruments in home care]. PMID- 6565133 TI - [Study of home childbirth]. PMID- 6565134 TI - [Aspects of radioactive sterilization]. PMID- 6565136 TI - [Oriental viewpoint of body and mind. 2]. PMID- 6565135 TI - [Assumptions of Roy's adaptation model and evaluation of its interrelationships]. PMID- 6565137 TI - [Research of human relations of nurses from the viewpoint of interpersonal conflict]. PMID- 6565138 TI - [Report of inservice education in problem-solving skills]. PMID- 6565139 TI - [Instruction of nursing students in clinical experience in maternal nursing in Ohkura National Hospital]. PMID- 6565140 TI - [Teaching-learning method of patient education in nursing schools]. PMID- 6565141 TI - [Teaching-learning method of problem-solving process in nursing (3)]. PMID- 6565142 TI - [Survey of student dropouts in a 3-year-program nursing school]. PMID- 6565143 TI - A response to the Task Force on Supportive Care. PMID- 6565144 TI - The contract in surrogate motherhood: a review of the issues. PMID- 6565145 TI - Surrogate motherhood: babies for fun and profit. PMID- 6565146 TI - Nursing negligence in the hospital emergency department. PMID- 6565147 TI - Caring for the elderly: striking a balance. PMID- 6565148 TI - [Climatotherapy]. PMID- 6565149 TI - [Phytotherapy of arterial hypotension]. PMID- 6565150 TI - [Drug electrophoresis]. PMID- 6565151 TI - [Treatment of chronic bronchitis patients by physical methods]. PMID- 6565152 TI - [Use of physical factors in the combined therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6565153 TI - [Physiotherapy of patients who have suffered closed craniocerebral injury]. PMID- 6565154 TI - [Bottled mineral waters in the treatment of chronic gastritis patients]. PMID- 6565155 TI - [Spinal traction in discogenic radiculitis]. PMID- 6565156 TI - [Hydrotherapy]. PMID- 6565157 TI - [Medical gymnastics in kyphosis]. PMID- 6565159 TI - [Combined management by physio- and balneotherapy]. PMID- 6565160 TI - [Rules for the procedural technics in the inhalation therapy office]. PMID- 6565158 TI - [Ultrasonic treatment and therapeutic physical exercise for rheumatoid arthritis patients]. PMID- 6565161 TI - [Work of the nurse in the dental physiotherapy office]. PMID- 6565162 TI - [Massage treatment]. PMID- 6565163 TI - [Exercises with a ball in cardiovascular and nervous diseases]. PMID- 6565164 TI - [Indirect technics in the work of the sanatorium nurse]. PMID- 6565165 TI - [Use of soap for insuring a prolonged contact between the patient's skin and electrodes]. PMID- 6565167 TI - [Work of the pre-admission primary care office]. PMID- 6565166 TI - [Measurement of the arterial pressure by a sonic method]. PMID- 6565168 TI - [Rubella and pregnancy]. PMID- 6565169 TI - [Stabilization of apomorphine solutions]. PMID- 6565170 TI - [Effect of the sauna on the human body]. PMID- 6565171 TI - Inhibition by orthovanadate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in microsomes isolated from rat liver. AB - A technique employing sucrose-density centrifugation for the enrichment of rat liver microsomes and rat liver plasma membranes in separate subcellular fractions is described. The fractions are enriched in glucose 6-phosphatase and 5' nucleotidase, respectively, and are free of cytochrome oxidase activity. Vanadate sensitive Ca2+ transport activity (half-maximal inhibition at approximately 10 microM vanadate, corresponding to approximately 12 nmol/mg of protein) was detected in only that fraction enriched in microsomal membranes. Inhibition by vanadate of ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport is noncompetitive with respect to added Ca2+ but competitive with respect to added ATP. Because it inhibits ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport in rat liver microsomes but not in rat liver plasma membranes, vanadate becomes a useful tool to distinguish in vitro between these two transport systems. PMID- 6565172 TI - Nursing education: implications for the future. PMID- 6565174 TI - Sample selection: methods and considerations. PMID- 6565173 TI - Waits in England. PMID- 6565175 TI - Lethality associated with incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into preribosomal RNA. AB - We have previously demonstrated a highly significant relationship between incorporation of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) into total cellular RNA and loss of clonogenic survival. The present study extends these findings by demonstrating a similar relationship between incorporation of FUra into preribosomal nuclear RNA (45 S and 32 S) and lethal cellular events. The results also demonstrate that the extent of FUra incorporation into preribosomal RNA (prRNA) correlates significantly with inhibition of maturation to cytoplasmic 28 S and 18 S rRNA. These findings suggest that the incorporation of FUra into prRNA alters recognition sites involved in the processing of 45 S and 32 S RNA. These data are further supported by our finding of an enhanced degradation of (FUra)prRNA by RNase III, an enzyme implicated in the maturation of Escherichia coli prRNA and T7 mRNA. These observations suggest that the incorporation of FUra into prRNA is responsible for altered processing to cytoplasmic rRNA and cell lethality. PMID- 6565176 TI - Investor-owned and nonprofit hospitals: a comparison. PMID- 6565177 TI - To incorporate or not to incorporate. PMID- 6565178 TI - Tax factors and choice of business form for nurses. PMID- 6565179 TI - IOM committee to study nursing home regulation. PMID- 6565180 TI - Stress in health administrators: sources, symptoms, and coping strategies. PMID- 6565181 TI - Organizing a manuscript for publication. PMID- 6565182 TI - Edema: a serious I.V. complication. PMID- 6565183 TI - Clinical indicators of a developmental process in phlebitis. PMID- 6565184 TI - Hickman/Broviac catheters: results of survey and patient care considerations. PMID- 6565185 TI - The future of health care delivery. PMID- 6565187 TI - National Intravenous Therapy Association: presidential address. PMID- 6565186 TI - The effects of utilization of an I.V. therapy team upon the incidence of I.V. peripheral-associated phlebitis. PMID- 6565188 TI - Do nurse administrators' values conflict with the economic trend? PMID- 6565189 TI - On the scene: ANA's legislative voice for nursing. PMID- 6565190 TI - On the scene: ANA's legislative voice. ANA activities in the ninety-eighth congress. PMID- 6565191 TI - On the scene: ANA's legislative voice. Political education--political action. PMID- 6565192 TI - On the scene: ANA's legislative voice. Legislation on women's issues. PMID- 6565193 TI - On the scene: ANA's legislative voice. Community nursing centers. PMID- 6565194 TI - Regulation and nursing in California. PMID- 6565196 TI - Nurses and the political arena: lobbying for professional impact. PMID- 6565195 TI - Getting nurses and politicians together: planning a candidates' night. PMID- 6565197 TI - Legislative issues and health care trends--quality assurance. PMID- 6565198 TI - How does one get it all done? PMID- 6565199 TI - Faculty evaluation: teaching, scholarship, and services. PMID- 6565200 TI - Clinical recordkeeping using a personal computer. Part 2. Implementation. PMID- 6565201 TI - Writing to learn. PMID- 6565202 TI - Improving nursing faculty productivity. PMID- 6565203 TI - Understanding and teaching thyroid hormone therapy. PMID- 6565204 TI - Tachycardia: stay a step ahead of your patient's racing heart. PMID- 6565205 TI - Drugs and the older adult, take special care. PMID- 6565206 TI - Managing postoperative pain...it's a matter of sighs. PMID- 6565207 TI - Trace your patient's liver dysfunction. PMID- 6565208 TI - With cancer patients, be alert for hypercalcemia. PMID- 6565209 TI - Metabolic alkalosis: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6565210 TI - Stalking patient depression. PMID- 6565211 TI - Medication errors: use particular caution when administering cancer drugs. PMID- 6565212 TI - Test your knowledge of drug use and abuse. PMID- 6565213 TI - Alcoholism: helping the patient off the not-so-merry-go-round. PMID- 6565214 TI - Sharing: a special guilt, a special grief. PMID- 6565215 TI - [Professional actualization. A positive apprenticeship experience]. PMID- 6565216 TI - [The letting-go routine: an attitude to avoid]. PMID- 6565217 TI - [Pain: an ailment to be mastered]. PMID- 6565218 TI - [Defusing the escalation of aggressive behavior]. PMID- 6565219 TI - [Caries: a contagious infection?]. PMID- 6565220 TI - An RN refresher course that works. PMID- 6565222 TI - Sorting out nursing productivity. PMID- 6565221 TI - Recruitment & retention: a positive approach. PMID- 6565223 TI - Competency-based education: no magic feather. PMID- 6565224 TI - Managing confrontations: once more into the breach. PMID- 6565225 TI - Art & science of management. Logic vs feeling. PMID- 6565226 TI - A practical staffing calculator. PMID- 6565227 TI - Law for the nurse manager. Transporting accident patients by paramedics. PMID- 6565228 TI - Medical records--complete and on-time. PMID- 6565229 TI - Computerizing services in the nursing department. PMID- 6565231 TI - Computers can advance nursing practice. PMID- 6565230 TI - Computer graphics for nursing managers. PMID- 6565232 TI - Managing nurses' attitudes toward computers. PMID- 6565233 TI - An automated Kardex and care plan. PMID- 6565234 TI - Decision making: controlling the computer input. PMID- 6565235 TI - The road to professional growth. PMID- 6565236 TI - Nursing: high-touch in a high-tech world. PMID- 6565237 TI - Separate compartments? PMID- 6565238 TI - OH nursing in the USA. 1. Education and training. PMID- 6565239 TI - A new lease of life for the TUC Centenary Institute. PMID- 6565240 TI - Cervical smears in industry. PMID- 6565242 TI - Like a friend unseen. PMID- 6565241 TI - Caring in a complex world-our challenge is now. 1984 Convention, Portland, April 25-27. Report of the President. PMID- 6565243 TI - The future of nursing in a complex world. PMID- 6565244 TI - The challenge: caring in a complex world. PMID- 6565245 TI - Differential coupling efficiency of chemically activated amino acid to tRNA. PMID- 6565247 TI - Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in lambs. Hematology. AB - Lambs suffering from Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) showed elevated PCV, neutrophilia, a tendency towards lymphopenia, eosinopenia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoglycemia and extremely low serum Ca values during the first couple of days after the outbreak of symptoms. During the very early phase, plasma potassium values were mostly lowered (Figs. 1-3, Table I). The possible involvement of histamine is shortly discussed: either 1) through an atopic reaction, 2) because of acute ruminal acidosis and sudden histamine formation, or 3) involvement of endotoxins. PMID- 6565246 TI - Phylogeny of transfer RNA. AB - Phylogenetic trees of transfer RNA specific for phenylalanine, methionine initiator glycine and valine are constructed. Although the exact relationships between taxa cannot be obtained from the mere analysis of the sequences some conclusions can be drawn about the evolution of this molecule. PMID- 6565248 TI - The heart of the matter. PMID- 6565249 TI - Griffiths: where now? PMID- 6565250 TI - Griffiths: patients first? PMID- 6565252 TI - Recording blood pressure. One. Observation in the newly admitted patient. PMID- 6565251 TI - A therapeutic approach. PMID- 6565253 TI - Recording blood pressure. Two. Accuracy of staff and equipment. PMID- 6565254 TI - An uneasy dilemma. PMID- 6565255 TI - Psychotherapy in Powys. PMID- 6565256 TI - Getting to grips with the grid. PMID- 6565257 TI - Leg ulcers. One. An alternative treatment. PMID- 6565258 TI - Planning the duty rota. One. Computerised duty rotas. PMID- 6565259 TI - Planning the duty rota. Two. Back to BASICS. PMID- 6565260 TI - The limits of our vision. PMID- 6565261 TI - A midwife's thoughts on dignity. PMID- 6565262 TI - Mobilising nursing leadership for primary health care. PMID- 6565263 TI - Multidrug therapy in leprosy. WHO Study Group. PMID- 6565264 TI - Endoscopies: a study of concepts. PMID- 6565265 TI - Dying with dignity? PMID- 6565266 TI - Management: choosing the right number. PMID- 6565267 TI - Four-star hospital. PMID- 6565268 TI - Focus on the elderly: prevention of family breakdown. PMID- 6565269 TI - Mental handicap: united we stand. Interview by Alan Morton. PMID- 6565271 TI - The road to Wigan's care. PMID- 6565270 TI - A word in your ear. PMID- 6565272 TI - Nursing care study: hypoplastic left heart syndrome. PMID- 6565273 TI - Glasgow coma scale. PMID- 6565274 TI - The rewarding world of the micro. PMID- 6565275 TI - Communicating with children: more than just words. PMID- 6565276 TI - [Nutrition in the spring]. PMID- 6565277 TI - [Nursing care of the sick infant]. PMID- 6565278 TI - [Health--environmental conditions and beneficial measures]. PMID- 6565279 TI - [The nursing process in nurses' consciousness]. PMID- 6565280 TI - [The distinguishing marks of professional ethics (ethos professionalis)]. PMID- 6565281 TI - [The directions of action. Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6565283 TI - [Critical--the patient or the nurse?]. PMID- 6565282 TI - [First sexual intercourse: motivations and consequences]. PMID- 6565284 TI - [Gynecological operations]. PMID- 6565285 TI - [Principles of professional ethics]. PMID- 6565286 TI - [Relationship to work]. PMID- 6565287 TI - [Partnership]. PMID- 6565288 TI - Nursing care of the suction lipectomy patient. PMID- 6565289 TI - Oral medications affecting blood coagulation. PMID- 6565290 TI - To gain income, respect, autonomy nurses are urged to polish tarnished professional image. PMID- 6565291 TI - Nurses' pay raise: unfair labor practice. PMID- 6565292 TI - Acetone-fed pt. dies: nurse terminated. Case in point: Burnett v. Dept. of Health & Human Resources (425 So. 2d 245--LA). PMID- 6565293 TI - Nurse anesthetist sued: no liability. Case in point: Forray v. New York Hospital (475 N.Y.S. 2d 57--NY). PMID- 6565294 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of the sensitivity of selected bacteria to amoxicillin and augmentin in comparison with other antibiotics used to date]. PMID- 6565295 TI - Health beliefs, adjustment to illness, and control of hypertension. AB - Health beliefs influencing compliance and psychosocial adjustment to illness were compared in two groups of hypertensive patients. Based upon clinical judgments of physicians, 15 controlled and 15 uncontrolled hypertensives made up the study group. Subjects came from a white middle to upper class suburban community and were demographically homogeneous. There was no significant difference between groups in health beliefs affecting compliance, but significant differences were found in several domains related to psychosocial adjustment to illness. Uncontrolled hypertensives showed less illness-related adjustment. They reported significantly greater difficulties in their domestic environments, more disturbances in extended family relationships, and more psychological distress. Less adjustment to illness was significantly correlated with less compliance and with a more complex medication regimen. No relationships were found between compliance and demographic variables, medication variables, or duration of hypertension; nor between adjustment, demographic variables, or illness duration. Clinical assessment of illness-related adjustment problems may help enhance compliance of hypertensive patients. PMID- 6565296 TI - Interpreting and reporting qualitative research. AB - The aims of this paper were to clarify the nature and purpose of qualitative research and to suggest specific guidelines for reporting the results of qualitative studies. Confusion about the purpose of qualitative research and the absence of a standardized format for reporting such research make it difficult to assess the validity of qualitative studies. Four general purposes of qualitative research were discussed: instrument development, illustration of results, description, and conceptualization. A framework for reporting qualitative research that provides a guide for assuring consistency across original study purpose, study design, and final report was presented and can be used for either evaluating or writing a report of qualitative research. PMID- 6565297 TI - Clinical evaluation of student performance: the effects of criteria on accuracy and reliability. AB - Faculty from four baccalaureate nursing programs participated in testing the accuracy and reliability of faculty evaluation of student performance as seen on a videotape. Three videotapes each portrayed a nursing student performing an ordinary nursing activity at five different levels of competency. The study design included three fixed factors (use of criteria, faculty experience, and type of student activity) and a trial factor with repeated measures (the five levels of performance). The experimental group (n = 27) used a 5-point scale with criteria for rating the level of performance while the control group (n = 33) used the same scale without criteria. A computed score and an estimated score were collected from each subject for each level of performance. The experimental group that used the scale with criteria gave more accurate computed and estimated evaluation scores than the control group. Faculty experience was not a significant factor in accuracy, but type of student activity was significant with the highest scores given to affective behaviors and the lowest scores given to psychomotor behaviors. There were no significant interactions between the three fixed factors. PMID- 6565298 TI - Nurse practitioner and physician roles: delineation and complementarity of practice. AB - Because of differences in education and role preparation, nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians (MDs) may assume either complementary or substitutive roles in patient care. To describe role complementarity and similarity, the role perceptions of 15 NPs and 15MDs in joint practice were assessed. Ten NP and MD respondent pairs were selected from a variety of ambulatory primary care settings (urban, rural, public, private, and health maintenance organizations), and five NP-MD pairs were chosen at random. A questionnaire of nine patient vignettes was created; respondents rated the appropriateness of their role in managing the clients described in each vignette using an 8-point scale. Significant differences existed between NP and MD perceived roles for six vignettes, p less than .05. NPs identified as highly role appropriate those vignettes necessitating psychosocial support and health education; MDs identified as highly role appropriate vignettes representing high risk physical conditions. The differences in NP and MD role perception were complementary. PMID- 6565299 TI - A framework for research on aversive physical aspects of the environment. AB - A theoretical framework for organizing research on the health effects from aversive physical aspects of the environment is specified. The nurse's role in preparing individuals to control aversive environmental stimuli and the effects of this on reactivity and health are detailed. The framework is substantiated by using the impact of hospital noise upon recovery as an example. Supportive theoretical and research literature are presented for the relationships hypothesized in the framework. PMID- 6565300 TI - Measuring informational intervention for chemotherapy knowledge and self-care behavior. AB - Little is known about how cancer patients manage the side effects of chemotherapy, so 48 cancer patients in chemotherapy were randomized into four groups to determine their self-care behaviors. The first group received drug information only; the second group received information on side-effect management techniques (SEMT); the third group received combined drug and SEMT information; the fourth group were controls. Pre- and postintervention scores on chemotherapy knowledge, self-care behavior, and general affective state were evaluated by analysis of covariance. Patients who received drug information alone or in combination with other information had higher chemotherapy knowledge scores. Patients who received SEMT information alone or in combination with other information performed more self-care behaviors. Although an additive effect of combined information was noted, i.e., patients who received both types of information showed improved chemotherapy knowledge and self-care behaviors, the combined information did not produce a significantly improved affective state. PMID- 6565301 TI - The effect of transition modules on new graduate adaptation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational modules to aid new graduate nurses in adapting to the work environment. An experimental group of new graduates (n = 63) and their controls (n = 58) from eight hospitals were given Corwin's Role Conception Scale, Seeman's Powerlessness Scale, Benner's Clinical Skills Inventory, and Munson's Job Satisfaction Index to measure adaptation at entry to work and 6 months later. The effects of the educational modules were determined by the adaptation measures, cognitive tests, and a Nursing Service Questionnaire. After 6 months in the work setting, the experimental group had less discrepancy between their desired and existing level of clinical skill (p less than .05) and a greater orientation to bureaucratic expectations than controls (p less than .01), as well as an increase in job satisfaction (p less than .05) and a decrease in role deprivation (p less than .05). In addition, the impact on turnover saved hospitals an average of $3,178 for every 10 new graduates they hired. PMID- 6565302 TI - Modification of life event questionnaires for use with female respondents. AB - The purpose of this research was to increase the relevance of a life-event questionnaire for adult female respondents of childbearing age. A two-step procedure with three subject groups was used to develop a modified life-event questionnaire for this population. First, open-ended interview questions were used with 32 single mothers to obtain relevant content. Ninety-eight responses were coded for congruence with existing life-event questionnaires. Nine new items were created from the noncongruent responses and the wording of existing items modified to reduce bias from sexist assumptions about marital status and other socio-economic factors. Two samples, 60 female graduate students and 69 single and partnered mothers, were used to study reliability, the frequency of selecting new items, and the validity of the revised 82-item instrument. As expected, the negative events score was related to negative mood states and psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 6565303 TI - Reconceptualizing the construct of health: integrating emic and etic perspectives. AB - Despite the importance of the health construct for nursing, there is not agreement on the nature of health. In this article, various conceptualizations of health are reviewed, the emic-etic distinction between the concepts of disease and illness is delineated, and a new model of health is presented. This model is illustrated with examples from the folk and scientific domains of one cultural group, Greek Americans. Finally, implications for using this model in nursing practice are discussed and research directions are suggested. PMID- 6565304 TI - Effect of a mental health educational program upon police officers. AB - Community-based psychiatric treatment and domestic crises have precipitated police officers to intervene with emotionally disturbed people. The investigator hypothesized that an 8-hour educational seminar would significantly improve knowledge and attitudes of police officers toward people experiencing emotional difficulty. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design (control n = 33, experimental n = 27) was used. A knowledge measure specific to seminar content, the Osgood Semantic Differential, and an evaluative questionnaire were the outcome measures. Police officers' knowledge about working with people experiencing emotional difficulty increased, but attitudes were not altered. All officers reported that the seminar was a valuable experience. These results suggest that educational programs can impact nonhealth care worker in contact with the emotionally disturbed. PMID- 6565305 TI - Changes in nurses' blood pressure and heart rate while communicating. AB - Cardiovascular responses of nurses were measured during two communication tasks. In the first experiment 40 nurses' blood pressures and heart rates were taken pre, during, and post change-of-shift report. In the second experiment, 30 nurses spoke to an individual nurse and to a group of nurses. Blood pressures and heart rates were recorded pre, during, and post speech in both conditions. Analyses of variances showed that speaking levels of all cardiovascular parameters were higher (p less than .001) than resting levels in both experiments. Blood pressures and heart rates were higher (p less than .0001) in front of a group than in front of an individual. These findings extend previous work that has shown communication alters blood pressure. PMID- 6565306 TI - Paraplegic body-support pressure on convoluted foam, waterbed, and standard mattresses. AB - Comparisons were made between body-support pressures obtained when 15 male paraplegics laid on waterbed, foam, and standard mattresses. The variables examined were mattress, bone prominence, and time. The major findings were that the waterbed, in comparisons with the other mattresses, yielded significantly lower occipital, scapular, and sacral pressures at 5, 20, and 35 minutes. PMID- 6565307 TI - A patient self-disclosure instrument. AB - Four studies in which a patient self-disclosure questionnaire was developed and tested are reported. The instrument was designed to include only content judged by both patients and clinicians as important. Three areas of patient difficulty in disclosing to a health care provider were measured: personal problems and feelings, responses to health care, and life style. Patient difficulty in disclosure was assessed by 21 7-point rating scales, 7 for each disclosure area; ratings were summed to obtain scores. A correlation matrix of the ratings of 216 patients was subjected to a three-factor principal components analysis with varimax rotation; the solution accounted for 59% of the total variance. High internal consistency and test re-test reliability for the total scale and subscales were obtained; Cronbach's alpha .82-.83, n = 214; r = .81-.87, n = 66. In separate tests of construct validity patient self-disclosure was shown to be influenced by locus of control and perception of clinician empathy, and to covary with heart rate changes. PMID- 6565308 TI - Health problems encountered by nurse practitioners and physicians in general medicine clinics. AB - Distribution of health problems encountered by nurse practitioners and physicians in general/adult medicine clinics was studied. Proportional samples by clinics were selected from a total of 13,039 patient visits made to four clinics during an 18-week period in 1978. A Patient Encounter Form was used as the instrument and the ICD-9-CM as the coding system. Results showed that (a) 25.1% of the 13,039 patient visits were made to the nurse practitioners and 74.9% to the physicians, (b) 23 frequently reported health problems constituted more than 50% of all health problems seen by both provider groups, and (c) health problems with V codes constituted less than 30% of all health problems seen by both provider groups. Many similarities in health problems seen by nurse practitioners and physicians may indicate that nurse practitioners in the general/adult medicine specialty are used more to substitute for physicians in managing selected health problems than to complement medical practice. PMID- 6565309 TI - Perceptions of sexual attractiveness following ostomy surgery. AB - This study was conducted to obtain information regarding sexual adjustment following ostomy surgery and to explore the influence of surgery on an individual's body image. Home interviews were conducted with 40 subjects, where the mean length of time since surgery averaged 4.6 years. Retrospective perceptions of attractiveness decreased in the first year after surgery, then continued to improve with time. Most comments relative to body image during the first year after surgery had a negative connotation. Persons who saw themselves as most sexually attractive at the time of interview were most often female; however, males had seen themselves as more sexually attractive than females before surgery. Management problems significantly decreased feelings of attractiveness no matter when they occurred. Those with ileostomies who had been ill for over 10 years preoperatively tended to have enhanced feelings of attractiveness at the time of interview compared to those with other types of ostomy surgery and lengths of illness. PMID- 6565310 TI - Patients perception of care under primary and team nursing. AB - The relationship between the structure of nursing care and patient satisfaction is examined after equalizing the quantity and quality of nursing staff. An all registered-nurse model of primary nursing is compared to team nursing. The nursing competency scores of registered nurses (as measured by the Slater scale) on two patient care units were equalized through 6 months of continuing education and staff development programs. A patient checklist was used to determine satisfaction with care and perceived omissions in care. No significant differences in satisfaction with care were found between the two units. The unit with primary nursing was perceived as having significantly higher omissions in care in three categories: dietary needs, reaction to therapy, and contact with nurses. The results suggest that the effect of nursing care structures on patient perception of care may be contingent upon the efficiency of the support systems and the competency of the nursing staff. PMID- 6565311 TI - [Inferior vena cava cavography]. PMID- 6565313 TI - [Practical performance of a hemodialysis session]. PMID- 6565312 TI - [The abdominal portal system (1)]. PMID- 6565314 TI - [Trial synthesis of various materials for extrarenal purification]. PMID- 6565315 TI - [Hemofiltration]. PMID- 6565316 TI - [An unusual indication for peritoneal dialysis: acute necrotizing pancreatitis]. PMID- 6565317 TI - [Acute problems posed by the patient on chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6565318 TI - [Dietetic foods]. PMID- 6565319 TI - [Physiopathology of acute renal insufficiency and indications for extrarenal purification]. PMID- 6565320 TI - [Evaluation of nutritional status]. PMID- 6565321 TI - [Resuscitation nurses and intensive care under the aegis of the French Language Resuscitation Society and the French Society of Intensive Care Nurses]. PMID- 6565322 TI - [Vascular approach in hemodialysis and anticoagulation technics]. PMID- 6565323 TI - [Gastric aspiration in Mendelson's syndrome]. PMID- 6565324 TI - [Nursing time in intensive care]. PMID- 6565325 TI - [Poisoning in childhood and its nursing care]. PMID- 6565326 TI - [The role of water in human life]. PMID- 6565327 TI - [Diseases of the coronary vessels]. PMID- 6565328 TI - [Field experiences: diabetic/cardiac patients and nursing. 1. How to teach a diabetic in 5 days]. PMID- 6565329 TI - [Field experiences: diabetic/cardiac patients and nursing. 2. Cardiac surgery unit: activities in and objectives of nursing]. PMID- 6565330 TI - [Autism and its treatment in a center of special education]. PMID- 6565331 TI - [Projection of the General Health Legislation]. PMID- 6565332 TI - [Labor strike of nurses in France: story of a confusion]. PMID- 6565333 TI - [Nursing in the basic structure]. PMID- 6565334 TI - [Pre and postoperative instruction of the cardiovascular patient]. PMID- 6565335 TI - [General aspects of nursing care for the patient with cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 6565337 TI - Advocacy or unprofessional conduct? PMID- 6565336 TI - [The nurse in a cardiac diagnostic center]. PMID- 6565339 TI - Part-time nursing: how much of a career? PMID- 6565338 TI - Aneurysm! Keeping your patient alive until surgery (continuing education). PMID- 6565340 TI - Detecting arterial problems with a Doppler probe. PMID- 6565342 TI - The new trend in ileostomy surgery. PMID- 6565341 TI - Intransigent genital infection? Suspect Chlamydiae (continuing education). PMID- 6565343 TI - Nursing care plan for the postop continent ileostomy patient. PMID- 6565344 TI - The unwritten rules that saved Katie. PMID- 6565345 TI - These nurses weren't practicing medicine after all. PMID- 6565346 TI - Alcoholism treatment: an unfilled prescription. PMID- 6565347 TI - If you blow the whistle on a doctor. PMID- 6565348 TI - Why we're hooked on 10-hour shifts. Taking charge. PMID- 6565349 TI - The case for a living will. Patient's advocate. PMID- 6565350 TI - "When was your last tetanus shot?". PMID- 6565351 TI - Controlling bleeding when the platelet count drops. PMID- 6565352 TI - Sometimes you have to be a friend, not a nurse. PMID- 6565353 TI - Dealing with animal bites. PMID- 6565354 TI - Dissolving the threat of pulmonary embolism (continuing education). PMID- 6565355 TI - An antidote for inservice no-shows. PMID- 6565356 TI - A useful way to diagnose bladder disorders. PMID- 6565357 TI - The odds were against Tom, but we bet on him anyway. PMID- 6565358 TI - When you can't help, it hurts. PMID- 6565359 TI - Serum electrolyte studies. PMID- 6565360 TI - Protective effect of specific elastase inhibitor in experimental pulmonary emphysema. AB - The inhibitory effect of synthetic elastase inhibitor was studied in experimental emphysema. The development of emphysema was totally prevented by this substance. According to the authors' opinion the administration of synthetic elastase inhibitors can be considered as a new possibility in the treatment of pulmonary emphysema. PMID- 6565362 TI - [The operating room block]. PMID- 6565361 TI - [Dakin solution]. PMID- 6565363 TI - [Hygiene in the recovery rooms]. PMID- 6565364 TI - [Round table... Hand hygiene]. PMID- 6565365 TI - [Hospital hygiene in France]. PMID- 6565366 TI - [Living with or putting up with professional values]. PMID- 6565367 TI - [Selection and use of antiseptics and disinfectants]. PMID- 6565368 TI - [Acute otitis in children: clinical forms and treatment]. PMID- 6565369 TI - [An educational project. From the teaching team of the Longjumeau General Hospital Center Nursing School]. PMID- 6565370 TI - [How to write the end-of-studies thesis? One student's viewpoint]. PMID- 6565371 TI - [State registered nurses in search of their role]. PMID- 6565372 TI - [Freedom of speech in schools: a trial in need of change]. PMID- 6565373 TI - [Organization of the fight against alcoholism]. PMID- 6565374 TI - [An experiment of taking care of alcoholics in a hospital environment]. PMID- 6565375 TI - [Teaching alcohology in nursing schools: a necessity]. PMID- 6565376 TI - [Heparin]. PMID- 6565377 TI - [Hemodynamics of subacute and chronic pericarditis]. PMID- 6565378 TI - [Tamponade]. PMID- 6565379 TI - [Echocardiography of pericarditis]. PMID- 6565380 TI - [Treatment of pericarditis]. PMID- 6565381 TI - [Anatomy of the pericardium]. PMID- 6565382 TI - [Pericardial puncture]. PMID- 6565383 TI - [Mr. F.'s acute pericarditis]. PMID- 6565384 TI - [Physical activity and cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6565385 TI - [Clinical aspects of pericarditis]. PMID- 6565386 TI - [Rachitis]. PMID- 6565387 TI - [Prognosis of growth. Catching up. Prediction of adult size]. PMID- 6565388 TI - [Causes of statural delay]. PMID- 6565389 TI - [Management of growth delay]. PMID- 6565390 TI - [Statural growth]. PMID- 6565391 TI - [Diagnosis of celiac disease or gluten intolerance in a day hospital]. PMID- 6565392 TI - [Prevention]. PMID- 6565393 TI - [Bone age determination in children]. PMID- 6565394 TI - [Occupational health nurses' functions]. PMID- 6565395 TI - [Priority setting within health services]. PMID- 6565396 TI - [Charming care for the aged]. PMID- 6565397 TI - [Focus on nursing research]. PMID- 6565398 TI - [Do not throw out theories!]. PMID- 6565399 TI - [Responsibility behavior in hospitals]. PMID- 6565400 TI - [Useful guidelines: when children have cancer]. PMID- 6565401 TI - [Breast feeding of twins in the hospital]. PMID- 6565402 TI - [Home help integrated in home nursing. Evaluation of a reorganization in the community of Trondheim]. PMID- 6565403 TI - [We will work together and treat each other fairly. Interview by Helle Kastholm]. PMID- 6565404 TI - [Ethics. True-false is not the same as right-wrong]. PMID- 6565406 TI - [Representatives' annual course. Nurses will go along when health system's future is established]. PMID- 6565405 TI - [Nurses want dialogue not a power struggle]. PMID- 6565407 TI - [Representatives' annual course. Representatives: no shorter work hours at any price]. PMID- 6565408 TI - [Is it the counties' idea to exclude nurses from leadership positions?]. PMID- 6565409 TI - [Drug information. Agents against ulcer diseases]. PMID- 6565410 TI - [Management structure. We have focused on an ongoing evaluation of nursing's role]. PMID- 6565411 TI - [Management structure. Consideration for the whole rather than special interests]. PMID- 6565412 TI - [Ethics. The individual characteristics and the profession's collective responsibility]. PMID- 6565413 TI - [A board game is played in modernization: specialty physicians' house]. PMID- 6565414 TI - [It is not a bicycle coming in for repairs. Interview by Heine Pedersen]. PMID- 6565415 TI - [Congress 1984. Professional movement is stable element in the democratic process]. PMID- 6565416 TI - [Congress 1984. Minister: you will get a central role in change-overs]. PMID- 6565417 TI - [7 since long complain about patient conditions in Middelfart]. PMID- 6565418 TI - [Management structure. Even private industry rates human resources higher than economic ones]. PMID- 6565419 TI - [Recognition of nurses' professional judgment]. PMID- 6565420 TI - [Ethics. How do organizations help with ethical problems?]. PMID- 6565421 TI - [Congress 1984. Nurses do not go along with development away from solidarities]. PMID- 6565422 TI - [Congress 1984. This is the way it goes with the good intention for free negotiations]. PMID- 6565423 TI - Elastolytic activity of sputum and its relation to purulence and to lung function in patients with bronchiectasis. AB - Sputum samples from 34 patients with bronchiectasis were assessed subjectively and the results related to objective measurements of elastase activity and albumin content. The results suggest that the macroscopic appearance of the sample is related to the elastase content. 88.7% of the purulent samples but none of the mucoid samples showing elastase activity. The macroscopic appearance was also associated with changes in protein transudation into the secretions. The median sputum: serum albumin concentration ratio was 0.71 X 10(-2) (range 0.22 4.7) in the mucoid samples but was greater in purulent samples (p less than 0.005), with a median value of 1.52 X 10(-2) (range 0.55-12.72), suggesting that purulence in the stable state was associated with low grade pulmonary inflammation or epithelial damage or both. Abnormalities of air flow were found in 24 of the patients (70.6%) but there was a significantly higher ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (p less than 0.025) in patients who regularly produced purulent sputum (mean (SD) RV/TLC 44.4% (9.0%] than in those with mucoid or mucopurulent secretions (38.0% (9.9%]. A similar difference was found between those who produced elastase positive secretions and those who produced elastase negative ones. PMID- 6565424 TI - Using preceptors for the new OR nurses. PMID- 6565425 TI - The debate continues. Laminar airflow in surgery. PMID- 6565427 TI - What's so funny? PMID- 6565426 TI - Product development by design. PMID- 6565428 TI - Making case carts work. PMID- 6565429 TI - Disciplining the impaired nurse. PMID- 6565430 TI - EAP (employee assistance program) comes of age in the workplace. PMID- 6565431 TI - [Personnel's empathy provides better care to the paralyzed. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 6565432 TI - [Liability case. Misdiagnosed swollen leg]. PMID- 6565433 TI - [Liability case. Forgotten instrument in patient's abdomen]. PMID- 6565435 TI - [Patients dissatisfied but representative for their claims. Interview by Anita Widen]. PMID- 6565434 TI - [Voices about pools. Now we are tired of suffering in silence]. PMID- 6565436 TI - [Course in research methods teaches participants to develop own ideas]. PMID- 6565437 TI - [Sando School: here professional personnel learns to live in developing countries. Interview by Viveka Holmerz]. PMID- 6565438 TI - [Turkish women encounter Swedish health care. 2 entirely different worlds collide in the hospital. Interview by Karl Olov Larsson]. PMID- 6565439 TI - [Primary care in reality: nurse intervenes directly in school activities. Interview by Anita Widen]. PMID- 6565440 TI - [3 voices on developments in school health care]. PMID- 6565441 TI - [Dialysis accident. SHSTF reports clinic manager and hospital director to police. Interview by Viveka Holmertz]. PMID- 6565443 TI - [Final? committee proposal. SBL (State Bacteriological Laboratory) remains there but changes name and reduces severely]. PMID- 6565442 TI - [Contract agreement 1984]. PMID- 6565444 TI - [Some tips make the job lighter]. PMID- 6565445 TI - [Elisabet created her own system to calculate nursing care load. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6565446 TI - [Trial with computers in primary care. We make the decisions via the computer, not the reverse]. PMID- 6565447 TI - [Need for laboratory assistants in primary health care. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6565448 TI - [Ethics in health care: be yourself and meet patients as fellow human beings]. PMID- 6565449 TI - [Asa Lindberg-Sand gives a course in zonal therapy. To bite your own thumb is equally effective]. PMID- 6565450 TI - [Nursing instructors--put on the white coat again]. PMID- 6565451 TI - [Liability case. Missing patient found dead]. PMID- 6565452 TI - [Liability case. Nurse did not discover wrong drug dosage]. PMID- 6565453 TI - [Who takes over in the summer? Poor planning behind nurses' shortage]. PMID- 6565454 TI - [Broaden health service research by looking at women's roles. Interview by Anita Widen]. PMID- 6565455 TI - [Portrait: Gerda Persson, rock singer and nurse. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6565456 TI - [After SHSTF's survey 18 get a permanent appointment]. PMID- 6565457 TI - [Laboratory assistants in Rinkeby health center: patient contact benefits the job. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6565459 TI - Harnessing babies' dysplastic hips. PMID- 6565458 TI - A change of mind about ECT. PMID- 6565460 TI - Victims of incest. PMID- 6565461 TI - Nursing education/service. Contracting for growth. PMID- 6565462 TI - Putting the 'you' in computers. PMID- 6565463 TI - Malpractice: are you covered? PMID- 6565464 TI - Hepatitis B. What price exposure? PMID- 6565465 TI - Laughter. A nursing Rx. PMID- 6565466 TI - Suddenly in crisis. Unpredictable myasthenia. PMID- 6565467 TI - Staging care for pressure sores. PMID- 6565468 TI - Incidence of needlestick injuries in hospital personnel: implications for prevention. AB - A retrospective review of needlestick injuries was conducted for the period January 1979 through May 1981 at a major university teaching hospital. The objective of this review was to determine the needlestick injury rate among employees according to department, occupation, activity, shift, and full- or part time status. Two hundred eighty-six incidents of needlestick injuries were recorded. Almost 90% of injuries occurred in nursing, housekeeping, and clinical laboratory personnel. Direct handling of needles primarily involved nursing and laboratory personnel. Housekeeping personnel were injured primarily as "innocent victims" hauling trash. Significantly elevated incidence rates were observed in part-time and night-shift personnel. Incidence rates in registered nurses significantly exceeded rates in licensed practical nurses. On the basis of these findings, it is suggested that prevention of such incidents should be focused on such high-risk groups. PMID- 6565469 TI - A decentralized approach to maintenance of intravenous therapy. AB - A prospective experiment was conducted in a university-affiliated hospital to evaluate the effectiveness of a core of specially trained staff nurses in the maintenance of IV therapy. Five staff nurses for each of two experimental units were trained for 1 month by an IV nurse educator and were expected to perform venipuncture and monitor peripheral IV care on their units. On three control units, IV therapy continued to be a shared function of all medical house staff and nurses. During this study, 876 IV infusions on 707 patients were studied. There was a decrease in the phlebitis rate on experimental units from baseline to study periods of from 33.5% to 20.9% (relative risk, controlled for duration of the use of an IV device, 0.53, p = 0.05), whereas the rate on control units increased slightly (23.8% to 26.7%, p = greater than 0.5). Regardless of duration of use, steel needles were associated with lower phlebitis rates than were plastic catheters. The mean duration that each infusion device was in place was significantly shorter on experimental units than on control units (2.4 vs. 3.3 days, p = less than 0.001). However, bacterial colonization of IV devices occurred more often on experimental units than on control units both at baseline (12.7% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.25) and during the study phase (19.4% vs. 5.9%; p = less than 0.01). This increased colonization occurred with IV infusions started by both physicians and nurses. There were no septic complications of IV therapy in the patients studied. Patient comfort, measured by number of sticks for each venipuncture and patient interview, was significantly improved (p = less than 0.001) on experimental units during the study phase. Costs to start such a decentralized IV program on 10 clinical units was calculated to be about +10,000. This study provides information useful to those making administrative decisions regarding the value of IV teams or other methods for IV therapy maintenance. We concluded that a decentralized program can be successful with commitment of time and money resources and with a system of monitoring to ensure compliance with written IV guidelines. PMID- 6565470 TI - A national task analysis of infection control practitioners, 1982. Part Two: Tasks, knowledge, and abilities for practice. AB - Respondents (N = 473) from a randomized stratified sample (N = 600) of U.S. hospital ICPs in a national survey sponsored by the Certification Board of Infection Control were asked to rate specific task, knowledge, and ability statements related to infection control for frequency and importance. The questions included 175 items, of which 99 were for specific tasks and 76 were for knowledge and abilities for practice. Areas covered included patient care practices, infectious diseases, epidemiology and statistics, microbiologic practices, sterilization and disinfection, education, employee health services, and management and communications. A "profile respondent" group (N = 317) was defined as persons most likely to be practicing the full scope of infection control practice and was used to identify key tasks, knowledge, and abilities for practice. Results showed that patient care practices (i.e., suctioning, dressing changes, and catheterization) were rarely performed. The development of infection control policies and procedures were key tasks. Knowledge of microbiology and infectious diseases in order to interpret laboratory reports and other patient data was rated as essential; however, few respondents actually performed laboratory procedures. Epidemiologic principles were frequently used for surveillance and problem investigation. Although presentation of epidemiologic data was rated as important, analytic statistics were rarely used. Assessment of educational needs and teaching were large components of ICPs' activities. PMID- 6565471 TI - Hospital policies for postexposure hepatitis B prevention. PMID- 6565472 TI - Ventilation and air conditioning--a primer for nonengineers. AB - Some aspects of ventilation and air conditioning have been explained for infection control personnel who are not engineers. With more understanding of ventilation, infection control personnel may be able to communicate better with engineering personnel on this subject. PMID- 6565474 TI - A convenient and effective mechanism for providing information on nosocomial infections: the pocket-sized report card. PMID- 6565473 TI - Visions for the future. AB - I have discussed, from my vantage point as a public health specialist, areas for emphasis in control and prevention of nosocomial infections. Surveillance is the key to all control and prevention programs. With the constraints of resources and increasing responsibilities, infection control personnel have to be innovative, inventive, and imaginative in their approach to surveillance. The principles of epidemiology may be overlooked in the rush to perform. Epidemiology is a valuable science; it is being applied to an increasing number of problems inherent to hospitals. The community and the hospital are closely related in regard to nosocomial infections. There is constant two-way traffic of both people and bugs that can be properly addressed through cooperative action. The international arena may not have a great impact on each of you, but collectively, APIC has much to offer to developing countries. We should support with actions those countries that are becoming concerned over nosocomial infections. Regardless of your own priorities, there will be new and significant challenges to all practitioners of infection control, challenges related to new and currently unidentified problems, and unfortunately, fewer resources with which to meet the challenges. I congratulate APIC, its officers, and members on all you have done to focus attention and intellect on the problem of nosocomial infections. A humble beginning has been extremely productive by all possible criteria, especially by imitation, which is "the highest form of praise." PMID- 6565475 TI - Single-dose treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children. AB - Thirty-six girls, aged two to 17 years, with culture-proven, acute, uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections and without signs or symptoms of upper urinary tract infection, were randomized to receive either single-dose amoxicillin or conventional therapy for ten days. Twenty-six patients completed the study, ten in the single-dose group and 16 in the conventional therapy group. The patients treated with single-dose therapy had cure rates (70% vs 75%), relapse rates (30% vs 25%), and reinfection rates (0% vs 12%) comparable to those of conventionally treated patients. A significant difference in the induction of resistant organisms was seen between treatment groups (P less than .05). All single-dose relapses were due to failure to clear a sensitive organism from the urinary tract. All relapses on conventional therapy resulted from an initially sensitive organism becoming resistant to amoxicillin during treatment. Single-dose antibiotic therapy of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in children is effective in patients with culture-proven infections selected by clinical criteria, and appears to be safe when combined with conscientious long-term follow up and radiographic evaluation. Single-dose therapy offers the advantage of selecting significantly fewer resistant organisms from the gut flora than do conventional antibiotic regimens. PMID- 6565476 TI - Delegates like new structure, advocate more political action. PMID- 6565477 TI - SNAs work to improve laws affecting nurses' practice. PMID- 6565478 TI - Summary of proposals adopted by ANA house. PMID- 6565479 TI - Nurses united can improve standards and status. PMID- 6565480 TI - Board takes action on council recommendations. PMID- 6565481 TI - pH dependence of salt activation of human leukocyte elastase. AB - The effects of pH on salt stimulation of the rates of hydrolysis of three substrates by human leukocyte elastase were studied. The enzyme was most active at pH 10.5, 8.0-8.5, and 9.5 for the hydrolyses of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled S-carboxymethylated bovine serum albumin (FITC-CM-BSA), succinyl-L-Ala-L Pro-L-Ala-7-methylcoumaryl-4-amide (Suc-APA-MCA), and succinyl-L-Ala3-p nitroanilide (Suc-Ala3-pNA), respectively, in the absence of NaCl. The enzyme was activated by 0.5 M NaCl similarly at all pHs tested for the hydrolysis of Suc Ala3-pNA, but more at neutral and alkaline pH values, respectively, for the hydrolyses of FITC-CM-BSA and Suc-APA-MCA. Thus, in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl, the enzyme was most active at pH 8.0 and 10.0 with FITC-CM-BSA and Suc-APA-MCA, respectively. In contrast, the proteolytic activity of porcine pancreatic elastase was somewhat inhibited by 0.5 M NaCl. PMID- 6565482 TI - Hemodialyzer reuse: safety and adequacy of dialysis--a nursing perspective. PMID- 6565483 TI - Communication, adaptation, and the restoration of psychosocial competence: helping patients cope with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6565484 TI - Home hemodialysis training. PMID- 6565485 TI - Am I my brother's keeper: a patient teaching plan. PMID- 6565486 TI - Canadian perspective on renal nursing education. PMID- 6565487 TI - Purpose statements for nursing research. PMID- 6565488 TI - Peptidyl carbamate esters: a new class of specific elastase inhibitors. AB - A series of tripeptide carbamate esters were synthesized and tested for inhibitory activity towards porcine pancreatic elastase, trypsin and chymotrypsin. Two of these compounds specifically inhibited elastase [Ki = 4.25 x 10(-5)M and 3.00 x 10(-5)M], and exhibited no effect toward the other two serine proteases. These active tripeptidyl carbamates represent a novel class of specific elastase inhibitors. PMID- 6565489 TI - Changes in proteoglycan biosynthesis following leukocyte elastase treatment of bovine articular cartilage in culture. AB - Treatment of bovine articular cartilage in culture with a low molecular weight elastase purified from rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes resulted in degradation and release of proteoglycans from the tissue, coupled with a prolonged inhibition of proteoglycan biosynthesis. These observations are consistent with those seen in experimental arthritis induced in rabbits. Comparison of the size of the proteoglycan degradation products extracted from elastase-treated cartilage in culture with that from arthritic cartilage showed marked similarities. The results strongly suggest that leukocyte elastase is a contributing factor in proteoglycan degradation and inhibition of synthesis in inflammatory joint disease. PMID- 6565490 TI - Socializing nurses: how student concepts change. PMID- 6565491 TI - A survey uncovers some myths about pressure care. PMID- 6565492 TI - Clinical assessment of student psychiatric nurses. PMID- 6565493 TI - The past and future of nursing research in Australia. PMID- 6565494 TI - The midwife--help or hindrance. PMID- 6565495 TI - Alterations in the maturation and structure of ribosomal precursor RNA in Novikoff hepatoma cells induced by 5-fluorocytidine. AB - The effects of 5-fluorocytidine on ribosomal RNA maturation and structure in Novikoff hepatoma cells were investigated. Like other nucleic acid base analogues that are incorporated into RNA, this compound inhibits maturation of the 45S ribosomal RNA precursor. The 45S RNA precursor produced in the presence of 5 fluorocytidine has an abnormal electrophoretic mobility compared with that of the control precursor under nondenaturing conditions, but the two have identical mobilities under denaturing conditions. Under the conditions of these experiments, 5-fluorocytidine inhibited cellular protein synthesis only slightly, whereas equimolar concentrations of 5-azacytidine resulted in nearly 75% inhibition of this process. Despite this difference in the effects of the two analogues as well as the greater chemical lability of the 5-azacytidine, their effects on ribosomal RNA maturation are identical. PMID- 6565496 TI - [Importance of the thrombocyte count and form for contact activation of the blood kallikrein-kinin system in vitro]. AB - The importance of the platelet count and intactness for contact Hageman's factor dependent activation of blood plasma kallikrein has been demonstrated. The degree of kallikrein activation was in agreement with the count of platelets contained by the sample. Kallikrein activation was also found to be potentiated by the membrane fraction of washed platelets and of those destroyed by freezing and thawing. The cellular contents did not produce any significant effect on the activation in question. PMID- 6565497 TI - Crisis on the Colorado. PMID- 6565498 TI - Packing for survival. PMID- 6565499 TI - Child care - a problem for all. PMID- 6565500 TI - Nicaragua--nursing in a changing nation. PMID- 6565501 TI - Mental health--the culture component. PMID- 6565502 TI - In defense of science. PMID- 6565503 TI - Paleontology. PMID- 6565504 TI - The missing link... PMID- 6565506 TI - Expert systems for nursing? PMID- 6565505 TI - Computer-compatible activity measurement of children: wrist actigraph standardization. PMID- 6565507 TI - Getting started, part II. The great leap forward. PMID- 6565508 TI - Organizational settings define nursing: let's change the definition. PMID- 6565509 TI - Unfinished business. PMID- 6565510 TI - Do nurses stroke each other enough? PMID- 6565511 TI - The importance of leadership in nursing organizations. PMID- 6565512 TI - Need support at work? Think CAPs. PMID- 6565513 TI - Update on scoliosis. PMID- 6565514 TI - Of caps and shoes. PMID- 6565515 TI - Savage beasts that soothe: how a pet visitation program works. PMID- 6565517 TI - Natural cytotoxicity in lymphatic metastasis. II. In vivo studies with BSp73 variants differing in metastatic capacity. AB - The survival of cloned variants of the BSp73 tumor differing in susceptibility to natural killer (NK) and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro was evaluated in syngeneic animals. The cytocidal effect was assayed by whole-body determination of (125I)5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) retention in intact animals and in animals depleted of phagocytes and/or radiation-sensitive lymphocytes. The following results were obtained: (1) In the peritoneal cavity, survival of the susceptible tumor cells (variant AS) was significantly higher in rats pretreated with radiation and silica than in untreated rats. (2) Cold target competition, response modification by C. parvum, and correlation of label excretion with survival of animals supported the notion that excretion rates of radioactivity were in fact determined by natural cytotoxicity in vivo. (3) Tumor cells resistant to natural cytotoxicity in vitro (variant ASML) were nevertheless killed in vivo (IP) by NK cells and macrophages. (4) Additional elements of tumor cell destruction were active upon IV injection of both AS- and ASML-derived cells, since rapid label excretion was observed irrespective of irradiation and silica treatment or addition of excess unlabeled competitor cells. The apparent increase in susceptibility of ASML cells in vivo might be due to a shift in phenotype induced by microenvironmental factors. No evidence was gained that differences in metastatic capacity exhibited by the variants might relate to differential action of natural cytotoxicity on these cells. PMID- 6565516 TI - Natural cytotoxicity in lymphatic metastasis. I. In vitro studies using the rat tumor BSp73 and its variants. AB - Serial transplantation of primary BSp73 ascites cells to a subcutaneous (SC) site gave rise to the appearance of two solid variants differing in their capacity to metastasize via the lymphatics. Tissue cultures derived from variant AS (nonmetastasizing) showed epithelioid morphology, while cultures derived from variant ASML (metastatic) showed spherical morphology. Upon cloning, both variants proved to be operationally homogeneous. Susceptibility of cultured BSp73 cells to NK and macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was closely correlated to morphology, inasmuch as epithelioid cells were susceptible, while spherical cells were resistant, to lysis. With stimulated effector cells a general increase in cytotoxicity was observed, but epithelioid cells still showed a higher susceptibility level. Resistance of ASML-type cells to natural cytotoxicity was not due to the lack of recognition structures or to a general increase in the mechanical stability of spherical cells. This was concluded from cold target inhibition and from hypotonic shock treatment experiments, respectively. PMID- 6565518 TI - Carrier and adjuvant properties of liposome-borne tumor-specific antigens. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine (1) the association of tumor extract proteins with phospholipid vesicles of varying physiochemical properties, and (2) the adjuvant and carrier properties of liposome-borne tumor antigens in the in vivo induction of an antitumor immune response. Cell surface antigens of the 3 methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma of C3H/HeJ mice, MCA-F, were extracted using 2.5% 1-butanol. Crude and electrofocused antigen preparations capable of eliciting a protective antitumor immune response were used to prepare liposome vaccines. The incorporation of extract proteins into liposomes formed by butanol dialysis (BVD) was three- to five-fold greater than the encapsulation of protein into the aqueous compartment of multilamellar vesicles (MLV). The electrochemical properties of the BDV had a significant effect on the induction of an antitumor response: Antigens borne on negatively charged, but not uncharged, liposomes were effective in protecting hosts against supralethal tumor challenge, and displayed a specific activity 20- to 50-fold greater than soluble antigen. Antigens carried by MLV were not effective in generating an immunoprotective response. The lipophilic characteristics of butanol-extracted antigens allowed (1) the passive adsorption of immunoprotective tumor antigen onto the surface of preformed vesicles, and (2) adsorption of MCA-F antigen onto the surface of an antigenically distinct tumor MCA-D. In the latter experiment, adsorption of MCA-F specific antigen onto MCA-D cells resulted in a change in the membrane antigen phenotype as measured by indirect immunofluorescence. Although butanol released a lipophilic moiety from cells which spontaneously reassociated with phospholipid bilayers, no evidence for a lipoidal antigen was obtained when tumor-derived lipids were used as immunogens. This study demonstrates that butanol-extracted tumor antigen is lipophilic without being a lipid, and that negatively charged liposomes can be effective as carriers and adjuvants for tumor antigens in the induction of an antitumor immune response. PMID- 6565520 TI - Joint practice in Illinois. PMID- 6565521 TI - [The new constitution of South Africa: general principles and implications]. PMID- 6565522 TI - [Implications of the constitution for health services]. PMID- 6565519 TI - Augmentation of antitumor resistance by a strain of unicellular green algae, Chlorella vulgaris. AB - Growth of Meth-A tumor in CDF1 mice was inhibited significantly by injection of a hot water extract of a strain of Chlorella vulgaris (CE) into the tumor or into the subcutaneous tissue near the tumor. The augmentation of resistance by CE may require the participation of T cells and macrophages, since it was abolished or reduced in athymic nude mice or mice treated with carrageenan, a macrophage blocker. Mice treated with CE exhibited antigen-specific augmented resistance against rechallenge with tumor. Moreover, the antitumor effect of CE was comparable with that of Corynebacterium parvum, but its mechanism of effect might be different. PMID- 6565523 TI - Views of Zulus and Southern Sothos on immunisation. PMID- 6565524 TI - [Nurse, what do you think about the Doman program?]. PMID- 6565525 TI - The professional nurse in the cell support unit. PMID- 6565526 TI - [Nursing leadership: a theoretic perspective]. PMID- 6565527 TI - Knowledge and attitudes of the South African public with regard to congenital and inherited disorders. PMID- 6565528 TI - The generation gap in nursing. PMID- 6565529 TI - [Communication as a method to improve nursing care]. PMID- 6565530 TI - [Understanding E.C.G.: a do-it-yourself module]. PMID- 6565531 TI - To all my nurses... PMID- 6565532 TI - Trends in nursing in South Africa and their implications for nursing education. PMID- 6565533 TI - Continuing education: evaluation of educational programs. PMID- 6565534 TI - Chronic effects of norepinephrine and vasopressin on urinary prostaglandin E and kallikrein excretions in conscious rats. AB - To assess in vivo functional interactions of vasopressor substances, norepinephrine and vasopressin, with renal prostaglandins and kallikrein-kinin system which are responsible for the vasodepressor mechanism in the kidney, we evaluated chronic effects of norepinephrine (1.8 mg/kg/day ip) and vasopressin (7.2 U/kg/day ip) on urinary prostaglandin E excretion and urinary kallikrein excretion in conscious rats. Both norepinephrine and vasopressin induced a sustained increase in systolic blood pressure. Norepinephrine induced slight but significant increases in urinary prostaglandin E excretion and urinary kallikrein excretion which were sustained for up to 6 days. Vasopressin induced a marked increase in urinary prostaglandin E excretion which was sustained for up to 6 days, whereas it induced a sustained decrease in urinary kallikrein excretion. Circulating angiotensin II levels was not changed by norepinephrine, but was decreased by vasopressin. These results indicate that renal prostaglandin E may not correlate with renal kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin system in the responses to norepinephrine and vasopressin, and that vasopressin may be a more potent stimulator of the synthesis or release of renal prostaglandin E. PMID- 6565535 TI - Faculty and students: academic and disciplinary decisions. PMID- 6565536 TI - Automated image analysis, histologic malignancy grading, and survival in patients with astrocytic gliomas. Prognostic significance of nuclear count and nuclear area fraction. AB - A number of morphometric and densitometric parameters, obtained by automated image analysis, correlate fairly well with classic histologic grading of malignancy in astrocytic gliomas. In this study the predictive value of classic histologic grading of malignancy and of two automatically retrieved nuclear parameters are compared in 199 patients treated surgically for an astrocytic glioma. A 100% follow-up was obtained. Nuclear count and nuclear area fraction correlated fairly well with survival. In patients with 25% of the lowest values of nuclear count and nuclear area fraction 5-year survival was 40%. In patients with 25% of the highest values, less than 5% survived. In contrast, subdivision of the glial tumors into four malignancy grades gave an even better prognostic accuracy. In patients with gliomas of malignancy grade I, about 60% survived for more than 15 years; in malignancy grade IV, no patients survived for more than 5 years. PMID- 6565537 TI - Ependymomas: a clinical and pathologic study. Part II. Survival features. AB - A survival analysis of cases of ependymoma was performed. Patients with ependymomas of the infratentorium were found to have shorter disease-free intervals and to live for a shorter time after treatment than those with tumors of the cauda equina. Children with infratentorial tumors did not have a recurrence if they survived 3 or more years after operation, whereas adults with infratentorial tumors could have a first recurrence even 5 or more years after surgery. Younger patients did not survive as long as older patients in the group of infratentorial ependymomas. In contrast, age did not influence survival in patients with cauda equina ependymomas. Patients with ependymomas of the infratentorium and the cauda equina having long histories had a better prognosis than those with short histories. Changes in mitotic index and tumor cell number could not be correlated with the length of survival. In the infratentorial group, patients with rosette-bearing tumors had a poor prognosis, whereas patients with subependymal areas in their tumor had a better prognosis. Total surgical removal with no further treatment appeared to be as effective as subtotal removal followed by radiotherapy for the cauda equina tumors. PMID- 6565538 TI - Hemangiopericytic meningioma with extracranial spread to multiple sites without intracranial recurrence. AB - This report describes a hemangiopericytic meningioma with extracranial metastases in a 46-year-old man. Metastases developed in his right femur 2 1/2 and 4 1/2 years post operation; he received radiotherapy both times. Now 5 years after the primary operation the patient is alive but shows signs of a subcutaneous tumor in the area of the right posterior iliac crest, most likely metastatic tumor tissue. The case is discussed with special attention paid to the path tumor spread. PMID- 6565539 TI - Gliofibroma originating from temporoparietal hamartoma-like lesions. AB - Clinical and neuropathologic observations are reported of a 16-year-old girl with a right temporoparietal tumor. The histologic picture revealed cortical areas with a peculiar growth of neurons, glia or tumor cells, and strands of collagen following the pattern of the cortical architecture. In this area of hamartoma like cortex a large tumor nodule was found with anaplastic cells in fibrous stroma exhibiting partially positive GFAP reaction. The picture closely resembles the features of a tumor described in 1978 by Friede in the medulla oblongata of a 3-year and 9-month-old girl. A comparison of histology and ultrastructure of both tumors is followed by discussion of the origin of this peculiar type of tumor, focussing on the existence of unusually pluripotent cells that may develop into glial and mesenchymal cells. PMID- 6565540 TI - CT scanning of tumors in or near the parotid or submandibular glands. A comparison with conventional sialography. AB - Plain computed tomography (CT) scanning and CT scanning after injection of contrast medium into the salivary glands (CT sialography) were compared with conventional sialography in 50 patients with neoplasms in or near the parotid or submandibular glands. The results were correlated with clinical and pathological findings. CT sialography proved to be the best diagnostic method in the diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. PMID- 6565541 TI - Pancreas divisum--radiological and clinical implications of a congenital anomaly. AB - Pancreas divisum is a congenital anomaly in which the ventral and dorsal parts drain separately into the duodenum. It is linked with a high incidence of pancreatitis of the dorsal part. This anomaly is well recognizable radiologically; its appearance is described. PMID- 6565542 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of the kidney. AB - A pilot study was carried out in order to determine the possible applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging in the diagnosis of renal disease. 22 patients with various benign and malignant tumors as well as renal parenchymal disease and chronic rejection in transplant kidneys were studied with a Philips resistive prototype scanner and the superconducting Gyroscan S5. Contrast resolution and therefore tissue differentiation are excellent. A hemorrhagic cyst can be differentiated from a simple cyst. Diffuse and patchy parenchymal changes are diagnosed in an objective and quantitative way. Lesions as small as 1 cm are easily detected and NMR is potentially more accurate than X-ray CT in the local staging of renal cell carcinoma. A disadvantage is the inability to detect calcifications. We conclude that NMR is a highly sensitive modality and appears to be more specific than X-ray CT and ultrasound. PMID- 6565543 TI - Complete delineation of an obstructing spinal mass in myelography through the lumbar route. AB - With a technique described earlier, but modified by special positioning of the patients and use of water-soluble contrast medium, we managed to pass an apparently total spinal block in 11 out of 14 patients. Apart from a shortlasting pain during the procedure, the patients suffered no harm. The duration of the examination could be shorter and less patient cooperation was necessary. PMID- 6565544 TI - National survey with regard to preferred image characteristics of various types of intensifying screens. AB - It was investigated whether the mottled image of X-ray films exposed with the aid of rare earth screens adversely affects image quality and has to be suppressed at the cost of image sharpness. Assessment (by 50 radiologists in the Netherlands) of a number of images produced by different screens showed that image mottle is not considered to reduce image quality, provided it is accompanied by good image sharpness. PMID- 6565545 TI - Living on the nuclear faultline. PMID- 6565546 TI - Much of what you wanted to know about influencing legislation. PMID- 6565548 TI - [For the health of health occupation personnel--on nursing and health in view of nutritional physiology]. PMID- 6565547 TI - Warning: "This candy bar may be hazardous to your health" or Food--the "acceptable" addiction. PMID- 6565549 TI - [Experience in hospitalization in Amsterdam]. PMID- 6565550 TI - [Nursing study to improve the approach to patients and self development--a lesson from the "Methodology in Case Studies" edited by Tamako Sotoguchi]. PMID- 6565551 TI - [How shall we tell the children? (death of a newborn infant and its impact on his siblings)]. PMID- 6565552 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: weeding out the victims. PMID- 6565553 TI - Health visiting: achieving goals. PMID- 6565554 TI - Safety: the great sterilising debate. PMID- 6565555 TI - Safety: which should you choose? PMID- 6565556 TI - Baby buggies and car seats: a safety checklist for parents. PMID- 6565557 TI - Community psychiatric nursing: student rethink needed. PMID- 6565558 TI - Health visiting: reaching the elderly. PMID- 6565560 TI - Woolf paves the way. PMID- 6565559 TI - Are we sexist? PMID- 6565561 TI - Bring OH nurses in from the cold. PMID- 6565562 TI - When a stoma isn't the only problem. PMID- 6565563 TI - Incontinence: new course for district nurses. PMID- 6565564 TI - CPN's need enrolled nurses. PMID- 6565565 TI - A participative approach to the care plan problem. PMID- 6565566 TI - Congestive heart failure: parent support and teaching. PMID- 6565567 TI - Minoxidil (loniten). PMID- 6565568 TI - Nursing care of the patient with a tricyclic antidepressant overdose. PMID- 6565569 TI - Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. PMID- 6565570 TI - Continuous ultrafiltration. A new ICU procedure for the treatment of fluid overload. PMID- 6565571 TI - Pulmonary thromboembolism: risk factors, pathophysiology, and management. PMID- 6565572 TI - Assessment and care of the patient experiencing alcohol withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6565573 TI - Physical compatibility of critical care medications: what's known? PMID- 6565574 TI - Neuroscience nursing: a changing specialty. PMID- 6565575 TI - Assessment techniques: trauma. Ophthalmic assessment: techniques for the critical care nurse. PMID- 6565576 TI - An assessment tool for the patient with multisystem injuries. PMID- 6565577 TI - Strategies for increasing communication with the dysphasic patient. PMID- 6565578 TI - Considerations in applying research findings to practice. PMID- 6565579 TI - Do not resuscitate: when nurses' duties conflict with patients' rights. PMID- 6565580 TI - Reducing psychological complications for the critically ill AIDS patient. PMID- 6565581 TI - Calculating intravenous infusion rates. PMID- 6565582 TI - Preparing the undergraduate for critical care. PMID- 6565583 TI - Identifying priority concerns of families of ICU patients. PMID- 6565584 TI - [Phytotherapy: return to nature. II]. PMID- 6565585 TI - [Nursing consultation in a unit for outpatients in juvenile-adolescent gynecology]. PMID- 6565586 TI - [Environmental pollution increases hospital contamination rate]. PMID- 6565587 TI - DF-2: a fastidious fermentative gram-negative rod. AB - Current information is reviewed from 26 cases of human infection by DF-2, a fastidious gram-negative rod. These infections are typically associated with dog contact or dog bites. Underlying diseases or prior splenectomy are predisposing factors for severe infection with a potentially fatal outcome. The methods for isolating and identifying the microorganism are given. Long, thin, slowly growing, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive gram-negative rods that do not grow on MacConkey agar should suggest DF-2. Although testing of antimicrobial susceptibility is problematic, DF-2 has been found to be resistant to aminoglycosides. The drug of choice is penicillin. PMID- 6565588 TI - Purification and properties of bovine liver seryl-tRNA synthetase. AB - Seryl-tRNA synthetase was purified 1800-fold from bovine liver extract by ultracentrifugation at 150 000 X g, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-300, adsorption chromatography on hydroxyapatite, affinity chromatography on blue Sepharose and finally on Matrex gel red A. The relative molecular mass, Mr, in the denatured state was estimated as 87 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis; in the active state the Mr, was estimated as 170 000 for the dimeric native enzyme (alpha 2 type) by chromatography on Sephacryl S-300. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was determined. The Km values for ATP and serine were 0.49 mM and 30 microM, respectively. The Km values for tRNASerIGA and tRNASerCmCA were 1.40 microM and 1.25 microM, respectively. Sequences common to the two isoaccepting tRNASer molecules are discussed in relation to the recognition mechanism of the purified seryl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 6565589 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acquired heart defects]. PMID- 6565590 TI - [Dust-induced bronchitis]. PMID- 6565591 TI - [Causes and prevention of neoplasms of the sex organs in men]. PMID- 6565592 TI - [Deontology for the epidemiologist's aide]. PMID- 6565593 TI - [Cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 6565594 TI - [Propagandizing medical and hygienic knowledge in light of the decisions of the June (1983) Plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU]. PMID- 6565595 TI - [Quackery, occultism and religion (material for talks)]. PMID- 6565596 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the urogenital system in children]. PMID- 6565597 TI - [Human myiasis due to the larvae of horse botflies]. PMID- 6565598 TI - Apnea/bradycardia flow sheets in a neonatal setting. PMID- 6565599 TI - The critical care nurse as independent practitioner. PMID- 6565600 TI - Pediatric nursing care plans. PMID- 6565602 TI - Dilated cardiomyopathy, part I. PMID- 6565601 TI - Use of technical personnel in the critical care setting. PMID- 6565603 TI - Critical care grand rounds: learning by teaching. PMID- 6565604 TI - Theory of corporate negligence. PMID- 6565605 TI - Nursing in prisons. PMID- 6565606 TI - You and the living will. PMID- 6565607 TI - The nurse in correctional health. PMID- 6565608 TI - [Surgical treatment of cervix cancer. Treatment results and data on the postoperative course over a minimum of 5 years following uniform surgery and standardized histological examination of the histological material of 1092 patients at 4 university gynecology clinics]. AB - Treatment results of 1092 patients with operated cervical carcinoma were evaluated and assessed on the basis of data supplied by four University Clinics of gynaecology. Surgical treatment and histological processing of all surgical specimens were uniform. Indication for postoperative radiation was determined differently at the individual clinics. The treatment results obtained can be compared with one another not on the basis of clinical stage assessment; the only criterion is the histologically proven extension of the tumour, ascertained via an examination of the surgically obtained specimen. With continuous tumour growth in accordance with stage Ib, the 5-year survival rate after surgery alone was 90.5%, after additional radiation 95.6%. In case of continuous tumour growth in accordance with stage II, the 5-year survival rate after operation alone was 79.5%, after operation and radiation 83.1%. The differences in the 5-year survival rates are statistically not significant. Taking into consideration a discontinuous metastatic tumour growth in the region of the parametric tissue, the 5-year survival rate after operation alone was 72.7%, after subsequent radiation 75%, in case of metastases in the region of the lymph nodes 77.8% and 60.5%, respectively. These differences in survival rates were not statistically verifiable. Furthermore, if individual tumour parameters were tested and statistical pairing was performed, it became evident that prognosis of patients with infaust tumour criteria could not be influenced by postoperative radiation. PMID- 6565609 TI - [Experiences with second-look curettage following irradiated primary endometrial cancer. Consequences for tumor follow-up]. AB - A report is given about 207 second-look curettages 9-12 months after radiotherapy of carcinoma endometrii. In 22.7% of the cases clinical symptoms of a recurrent disease already have been observed. In 18.4% second-look curettage could not be performed because of complete obliteration of the cervical canal. Perforations occurred in 5.3%. A positive histologic result was found in 17.2%. Only 64% of all recurrent diseases 24 months after primary irradiation were detected by means of second-look curettage. Most interesting are the cases with obliteration of the cervical canal: 37 out of 38 patients showed local recidivation in the following 5 years. Regular intrauterine exfoliation smears in tumour follow-up of primary irradiated endometrial carcinomas are suggested. If this is not possible because of an obliterated cervical canal, second-look curettage must be performed. In this manner not only recidivation can be detected, but obliterations of the cervical canal with consecutive recurrent disease can also be prevented. PMID- 6565610 TI - [Accuracy of vaginal cytology in adenocarcinoma of the endometrium]. AB - Eight clinical and paraclinical parameters were investigated in a retrospective study of 100 patients who underwent operations for adenocarcinoma of the endometrium and compared to the vaginal cytology prior to treatment. The over-all accuracy of vaginal cytology was 61%. In advanced stages, with increasing dedifferentiation of the tumour and especially in cases which later showed evidence of cervical invasion microscopically, the accuracy was higher. Previous pregnancies and deliveries showed no influence on the cytological accuracy. Positive vaginal cytology was the only positive diagnostic sign for cancer in only three of the 100 cases. PMID- 6565611 TI - [The significance of clinical and morphological parameters for the prognosis of granulosa cell tumors of the ovaries]. AB - 27 women with granulosa cell tumours of the ovaries were treated at the 2nd Gynaecological Department of the University of Vienna, Medical School, during 1962 to 1976. The principal symptoms were pain and irregular menstrual haemorrhages. Hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed in most cases. 8 patients were additionally irradiated. 25 women had lesions of stages I and II, whereas only 2 had stage III lesions. The overall survival rate was 90% after 5 years and 77% after 10 years. All 5 patients having polymorphic tumours with a high mitotic activity died of the disease. In 4 of these cases the tumour showed a sarcomatoid pattern. The high percentage of survival rate is partly due to the high percentage of stage I and II lesions and to the favourable prognosis of highly differentiated tumours. Granulosa cell tumours should always be treated via hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Because of the poor prognosis of cases with polymorphic tumours and in cases with a high mitotic activity, simultaneous radiochemotherapy - as in ovarian cancer - may be considered. PMID- 6565612 TI - [Effect of lactobacillus immunotherapy on genital infections in women (Solco Trichovac/Gynatren)]. AB - In view of the high cure rates of Trichomonas vaginitis after vaccination with the immunotherapeutic drug Solco Trichovac Gynatren, the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen in nonspecific vaginitis was investigated. 94 patients were treated in a multicentre study. Concurrent with a decrease of pathogens, the growth of a normal lactobacilli flora was observed. The degree of vaginal purity according to Schroder and the vaginal pH returned to normal. A cure or at least a marked improvement of symptoms was documented in about 80% of patients. Compared to conventional forms of therapy, this regimen protects against reinfection, thus providing a decisive advantage. PMID- 6565613 TI - [Preventive treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants with antepartal glucocorticoid administration (betamethasone). Clinical results and changes in the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of the amniotic fluid]. AB - Betamethason was administered to 105 patients with threatened premature labour at risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the newborn. The most important indications were premature rupture of the membranes (30%) and premature labour (40%). The betamethason treatment was given between the 27. and 35. week of gestation. 79% of the patients delivered prior to 36 weeks of gestation, over 50% prior to 34 weeks gestation. The total incidence of RDS was 25%. Severe types of RDS (stage III and IV) were rare (7%). The mortality of RDS after betamethason treatment was 5.4%. After 32 weeks gestation the mortality from RDS was 0%. Severe types of RDS appear to occur more often in male than in female infants. The incidence of RDS was not lowered further by premature of the membranes. The lecithin/sphingomyelin(L/S)-ratio in the amniotic fluid following treatment with betamethason increased to over 2 in only 2/3 of the cases. The predictive value of the L/S ratio that respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn only occurs rarely with values over 2 was maintained after treatment with betamethason. Our rate in cases with an L/S ratio over 2 was 7.9%. PMID- 6565614 TI - [Early sonographic determination of hydatidiform mole with a simultaneously developed fetus]. AB - The incidence of hydatidiform mole with an associated foetus is between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 100,000 pregnancies. Two cases are presented which are diagnosed prenatally before the 22nd week of gestation. They illustrate the two possible forms of molar pregnancy: Type I is characterised by large hydropic villi in a major discrete portion of the placenta. In Type 2 small hydropic villi are scattered diffusely all over the placenta. The characteristic clinical and microscopic differences between the two types of hydatidiform mole associated with foetus are outlined, among those the different risk for malignant development, the sex preferences and cytogenetic aspects. There is a high risk of pre-eclampsia already early in pregnancy. Sonography, HCG determinations and cytogenetic examinations are the basis for an early diagnosis and treatment of hydatidiform moles. PMID- 6565615 TI - [Partial hydatidiform mole with significantly increased serum HCG levels in the triploidy syndrome]. AB - The authors report on a triploid pregnancy with foetal malformations and a sonographically diagnosed partial hydatit mole. The course of this pregnancy was characterised by pre-eclampsia. The fact that in this case, for example, HCG serum levels were very high and persisted post abortum, similar to the concentrations seen in complete hydatit mole, underlines the difficulties in assessing and diagnosing a partial hydatit mole. PMID- 6565616 TI - [Recurrent uterine rupture with development of a lithopedion]. AB - A 41-year old African patient from Zimbabwe was seen in 1982 as a Gravida 12 at the onset of regular contractions with a complete rupture of the uterus. Laparotomy showed a recent mature stillborn foetus and in addition a foetus petrosus. This lithopaedion was extruded into the abdominal cavity from a silent and untreated rupture of the uterus. The lithopaedion was tolerated by the mother without symptoms for four years. The cause of the two subsequent ruptures of the uterus in 1978 and 1981 was probably a Caesarean section in 1966. PMID- 6565617 TI - [Efficacy of intensive therapy during the septic course of bacterial destruction of the lungs in children]. PMID- 6565618 TI - Group therapy for depressed elders. PMID- 6565619 TI - A success story: grouping the alert with the mentally impaired. PMID- 6565620 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Precautions in using bronchodilators. PMID- 6565622 TI - 70+ and going strong. Mary Opal Wolanin, a nurse for all reasons. PMID- 6565621 TI - Nutrition. Hunger, politics, and the old. PMID- 6565623 TI - Slow migrating proteinase inhibitors in human serum. AB - Employing a sensitive semi-quantitative electrophoretic-technique on acid deproteinized serum, we found two previously unrecognized trypsin inhibitors migrating as beta 2- and gamma-globulins, respectively. The two inhibitory bands were also detected in native serum. They were not seen in 3 healthy persons, but were found in patients with uremia, cancer, inflammatory diseases and collagenosis. Immunological investigations showed no cross-reaction with antibodies against seven well-known proteinase inhibitors. The two trypsin inhibitors also inhibited pancreatic elastase. PMID- 6565624 TI - Editorial: nursing and the women's movement. PMID- 6565625 TI - Evaluating the use of the basic knowledge assessment tool (BKAT) in critical care nursing with baccalaureate nursing students. PMID- 6565627 TI - University, agency, and collaborative models for nursing research: an overview. PMID- 6565626 TI - University sponsored home care agency as a clinical site. PMID- 6565628 TI - Individualized clinical teaching via the tape recorder. PMID- 6565629 TI - The metaparadigm of nursing: present status and future refinements. PMID- 6565631 TI - Power base of nursing in bargaining relationships. PMID- 6565630 TI - Curology: a basic science related to nursing. PMID- 6565632 TI - HLA antigen frequency in endemic tropical sprue. PMID- 6565633 TI - 'Primary' tuberculosis of the liver. PMID- 6565634 TI - Study of trace elements--zinc, copper, iron and magnesium in ulcerative colitis and dysenteries. PMID- 6565635 TI - Vitamin C therapy: lack of effect in fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 6565636 TI - Lactulose or lactose in hepatic encephalopathy? PMID- 6565637 TI - Pancreatitis in India. PMID- 6565638 TI - Spectrum of pancreatitis at Chandigarh. A ten years experience. PMID- 6565639 TI - Temporary defunctioning transcaecal tube ileostomy for left colon resections. PMID- 6565640 TI - Low dose antacid therapy for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6565641 TI - Tropical sprue: a review (Part-II). PMID- 6565642 TI - Congenital hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 6565643 TI - Panproctocolectomy with rectal mucosectomy and ileoanal anastomosis in chronic ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6565644 TI - Cimetidine treatment for Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. A case report. PMID- 6565646 TI - Chronic calcific pancreatitis in the tropics. PMID- 6565645 TI - Transient colonic stenosis in pancreatitis. PMID- 6565648 TI - Effect of red chilli powder on gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6565647 TI - Gastric functions in chronic uraemia and effects of dialysis. PMID- 6565649 TI - Enteroliths in tuberculous strictures of intestines. PMID- 6565650 TI - Chronic hepatitis--from A to B to Z. PMID- 6565651 TI - [Your said health food... part 2]. PMID- 6565652 TI - [The hand: a tool and a comforter for health professionals]. PMID- 6565653 TI - [Medicosocial solidarity]. PMID- 6565654 TI - [Sclerosing therapy of peripheral varices]. PMID- 6565655 TI - [Continuing medical education]. PMID- 6565656 TI - [Nutritional requirements in school-aged children]. PMID- 6565657 TI - [Personal growth. Questionnaire on couples]. PMID- 6565658 TI - [Point-blank. The important obstacle in the humanization of care is the care giver]. PMID- 6565659 TI - [Creativity and synectics apropos absenteeism]. PMID- 6565660 TI - [The human turning]. PMID- 6565661 TI - [Multiculturalism in health care]. PMID- 6565662 TI - [Legal aspects of practice in community health centers]. PMID- 6565663 TI - The African dimension. AB - Well-meaning expatriate nurse educators and administrators too often transplant curricula from Europe or North America. Thus, owing to a lack of knowledge and psychiatric nursing skills among African nurses, midwives and health workers, the result is a failure to recognize the symptoms and signs of around 20% of all patients attending health centres, rural health clinics and outpatient department. Vincent Wankiiri makes an urgent plea a training for the African psychiatric nurse relevant to the psycho-social problems caused by the current dramatic changes in Africa. PMID- 6565664 TI - Health economics: first WHO/EURO experimental training. AB - This is a brief report of the first WHO/EURO experimental international training workshop in Health Economics attended by nurses, physicians and health administrators held recently in Copenhagen. Two nurses were present as participants together with Dr. Marie Farrell, regional nursing officer for nursing, WHO (Europe). As a result of their attendance the 18 members from 10 countries will report in 12 months' time as to activities taken as a result. PMID- 6565665 TI - Survey of nursing research units. ICN report. AB - Eight years ago, in March 1977, ICN's Board of Directors sought an investigation into resources available for nursing research throughout the world in an attempt to help countries who were looking for support from the international nursing community. The report, finalized with help from Susan Gortner (San Francisco) and Bryn Davies (Edinburgh) was presented to the Board of Directors at their meeting earlier this year. PMID- 6565667 TI - Ten diarrhoeal deaths every minute. PMID- 6565666 TI - Victims of torture. AB - ICN in Brasilia last year issued a Statement on the Nurse's Role in Safeguarding Human Rights. It is a sad commentary on human affairs that many countries actually train their police in the practice of torture. This article describes how nurses form part of a team in Copenhagen at an International Rehabilitation and Research Centre for Torture Victims. PMID- 6565668 TI - Licensing in the year 2000. PMID- 6565669 TI - An appointment for NCLEX. PMID- 6565671 TI - A public member's thoughts on securing a better future. PMID- 6565670 TI - The future of nursing regulation. PMID- 6565672 TI - Laughter is better than medicine--a support group for caring relatives. PMID- 6565673 TI - A well man clinic in practice. PMID- 6565674 TI - A hypertension clinic. PMID- 6565675 TI - Working in a well woman centre. PMID- 6565676 TI - Fats in the diet: the facts and the fallacies. PMID- 6565677 TI - Advising on low fat diets--an alternative view. PMID- 6565678 TI - Communication between workers: the key in cases of child abuse? PMID- 6565679 TI - The sexual abuse of children. PMID- 6565680 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a need for awareness. PMID- 6565681 TI - The wheelchair toddler. PMID- 6565682 TI - Parents among the professionals: working together is essential. PMID- 6565683 TI - Recognition and control of outbreaks of nosocomial infections in the intensive care setting. PMID- 6565684 TI - The Valsalva maneuver: mechanisms and clinical implications. AB - The previous discussion has focused on the mechanisms, both respiratory and circulatory, that occur during the Valsalva maneuver. The increase in intrathoracic pressure that occurs during the Valsalva maneuver incites a sequence of rapid changes in preload and afterload stress. During the strain, venous return to the heart is decreased and peripheral venous pressures become increased. Within the next few beats, systolic and pulse pressures begin to fall while mean arterial pressure remains near (or is elevated above) control levels owing to the transmission of airway pressure. Thus it would appear that the benefits to cardiac contractility derived from a decrease in systolic and pulse pressure are counterbalanced by an increase in mean arterial pressure. Increases in total peripheral resistance that begin after about 7 seconds of strain produce further increases in afterload. Recruitment of autonomically mediated increases in heart rate and cardiac contractility assists the heart to maintain its cardiac output in the presence of diminished venous return. With the increased venous return that accompanies termination of Valsalva strain, there is an increase in diastolic filling and stroke volume output by means of the Frank-Starling mechanism. Heart rate and total peripheral resistance continue to be increased during the immediate poststrain period, and the ejection of an increased stroke volume into a constricted arterial system produces a rapid and marked increase in arterial pressure--the phase IV overshoot with its subsequent slowing of heart rate. PMID- 6565685 TI - Perceived adequacy of patient education and fears and adjustments after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6565686 TI - The development and validation of a behavior rating scale for blood sampling with children. AB - This article describes the development of a behavior rating scale, which was designed to measure children's behaviors during a blood sampling procedure. Trained observers were able to reliably use the behavior rating scale while observing children's behaviors during blood sampling in a pediatric hospital. Evidence of the instrument's validity was found in a treatment study. In that experiment, youngsters were prepared for the blood sampling procedures by viewing films. Those watching coping or mastery models before blood sampling evidenced significantly higher adaptive responses on the behavior rating scale than those who watched a control film. The behavior rating scale was also significantly related to a global rating and a self-report measure, but not to a physiologic index of anxiety. In summary, the constructed behavior rating scale appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing children's behavior during blood sampling procedures. PMID- 6565687 TI - American College of Chest Physicians/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Conference on Oxygen Therapy. PMID- 6565688 TI - Thermodilution cardiac output in critically ill patients: comparison of room temperature and iced injectate. PMID- 6565689 TI - Pacemaker update 1984. Part III. Pacemaker arrhythmias in normally functioning pacemakers. AB - Familiarity with the more sophisticated modes of pacing is necessary to determine normal pacemaker function. A thorough knowledge of all functions of a pacemaker is required to interpret and manage pacemaker-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 6565690 TI - The nurse/patient relationship in terminal cases. A consideration for providers of holistic care in coping with death. PMID- 6565691 TI - The detection of incest. PMID- 6565692 TI - Home health services social work treatment protocol. PMID- 6565693 TI - Milk therapy in ulcer disease: yes or no? PMID- 6565694 TI - Nursing assessment of depression in the aged adult. PMID- 6565695 TI - New observations on the localization of kallikrein-like activity in human salivary parenchymal and mast cells by enzyme histochemistry. PMID- 6565696 TI - The prepared childbirth group as community-based primary prevention. PMID- 6565697 TI - Changes in maternal attitudes as a function of participation in childbirth preparation classes. PMID- 6565698 TI - The Queen of Hell syndrome: social isolation, teenage pregnancy, and depression. PMID- 6565699 TI - Transcending options: creating a milieu for practicing high-level wellness. PMID- 6565700 TI - Indicators of psychological well-being in a sample of employed women: an exploratory study. PMID- 6565701 TI - Perceptions of the birth experience: a cross-cultural comparison. PMID- 6565702 TI - Surviving child abuse: self-reported coping histories of fourteen women. PMID- 6565703 TI - The process of embarking on a weight control program. PMID- 6565704 TI - Updating family-centered maternity care: application of a conceptual analysis of support. PMID- 6565705 TI - Evidence for post-translational incorporation of a product of mevalonic acid into Swiss 3T3 cell proteins. AB - Previous studies have identified several cellular requirements for mevalonic acid that appear unrelated to cholesterol, dolichol, or ubiquinone. To search for other products of mevalonic acid that might account for these requirements we cultured Swiss 3T3 cells in the presence of mevinolin, an inhibitor of mevalonic acid biosynthesis, then labeled the cells with exogenous radioactive mevalonic acid. Upon analyzing the radioactive material formed, we found that 40-50% of it was not extractable into lipid solvents, and that most of the lipid-insoluble material behaved like protein when treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate:chloroform:phenol, RNase, or proteinase K. Further analysis by electrophoresis revealed that radioactivity was associated with a few specific proteins that had apparent molecular weights of 13,000-58,000. Control experiments indicated that authentic radioactive (R)-mevalonic acid was the active precursor. Other lines of evidence suggested that mevalonate was first converted to an isoprenoid compound, then covalently incorporated into proteins by way of a cycloheximide-insensitive mechanism. These results suggest that Swiss 3T3 cells possess novel metabolic products of mevalonic acid metabolism that are formed by post-translational incorporation of isoprenoids into specific cell proteins. PMID- 6565706 TI - Disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of members of the family Legionellaceae including erythromycin-resistant variants of Legionella micdadei. AB - Disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of members of the family Legionellaceae was accomplished on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar by allowing the bacteria to grow for 6 h before placement of the disks, followed by an additional 42-h incubation period before the inhibitory zones were measured. This system was standardized by comparing the zone sizes with the MICs for 20 antimicrobial agents of nine bacterial strains in five Legionella species and of 19 laboratory-derived, erythromycin-resistant variants of Legionella micdadei. A high, linear correlation between zone size and MIC was found for erythromycin, trimethoprim, penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, moxalactam, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, and clindamycin. Disk susceptibility testing could be employed to screen Legionella isolates for resistance to any of these antimicrobial agents, of which only erythromycin is known to be efficacious in the treatment of legionellosis. With selected antibiotics, disk susceptibility patterns also appeared to accurately identify to the species level the legionellae. The range of the MICs of the legionellae for rifampin and the aminoglycosides was too small to determine whether the correlation of zone size with MIC was linear. However, laboratory-derived, high level rifampin-resistant variants of L. micdadei demonstrated no inhibition zone around the rifampin disk, indicating that disk susceptibility testing would likely identify a rifampin-resistant clinical isolate. Of the antimicrobial agents tested, the only agents for which disk susceptibility testing was definitely not possible on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar were oxacillin, the tetracyclines, and the sulfonamides. PMID- 6565707 TI - Reevaluation of the ability of the standardized disk diffusion test to detect methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - To reevaluate the ability of the disk diffusion method to detect methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 73 such isolates from 13 cities were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility with the standardized disk diffusion test. Duplicate plates were incubated at 30 and 35 degrees C and read after 18, 24, and 48 h. After incubation at 35 degrees C for 24 h, 97% of isolates appeared resistant to methicillin, and 99% appeared resistant to oxacillin. A significantly smaller proportion of isolates appeared resistant to cephalothin (P less than 0.001) and cefamandole (P less than 0.001). Isolates from some cities had no zones of inhibition around methicillin and oxacillin disks, whereas those from other cities had measurable zones of inhibition, with light growth inside the zones. Patterns of growth around cephalothin and cefamandole disks also varied among isolates from different cities. Incubation at 30 degrees C for 24 h did not result in better detection of methicillin or oxacillin resistance. All study isolates appeared resistant to methicillin and oxacillin after 48 h of incubation at 35 degrees C. The results suggest that methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains from many areas will be detected if standardized disk diffusion tests are incubated at 35 degrees C for 24 h. PMID- 6565708 TI - Unusual susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline at 30 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C. AB - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen in hospital environments, and optimal detection of MRSA requires nonroutine methods in clinical microbiology laboratories. One such method is an incubation temperature of 30 degrees C in contrast to the more commonly used temperature of 35 degrees C. To determine the percentage of MRSA isolates that would be missed if only one temperature were used, we evaluated methicillin resistance and susceptibility of 2,397 S. aureus isolates by agar dilution at 30 and 35 degrees C. Of the clinical isolates, 93% showed matching MICs of methicillin at both temperatures. Another 6.8% (162) showed different MICs at 30 and 35 degrees C, with 60 of the 162 isolates (2.5% of all isolates studied) being resistant to methicillin at 30 degrees C but susceptible at 35 degrees C (temperature discrepant MRSA). MICs of other antimicrobial agents, measured at 35 degrees C, revealed an unusual pattern of susceptibility of these temperature-discrepant MRSA isolates. In contrast to previously reported resistance of MRSA at 35 degrees C to erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline, the temperature-discrepant MRSA isolates were susceptible to these agents. This resistance pattern may be of value in identifying questionable MRSA isolates when only one incubation temperature is used. PMID- 6565709 TI - Identification, clinical distribution, and susceptibility to methicillin and 18 additional antibiotics of clinical Staphylococcus isolates: nationwide investigation in Italy. AB - A multicentric study of clinical Staphylococcus isolates was performed by seven operative units working in different areas of Italy. Over a 6-month period, a total of 3,226 staphylococci, isolated from in- and outpatients, were identified and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by a protocol agreed upon by all units. On the basis of their bacteriolytic-activity patterns and other conventional tests, the isolates were identified by lyogroups , which closely correlate with human Staphylococcus species. Lyogroup I (Staphylococcus aureus) and lyogroup III (Staphylococcus capitis) were the most and the least frequently isolated staphylococci, respectively. Significant differences depending on strain origin from in- or outpatients were only observed with lyogroup IV (i.e., novobiocin- resistant staphylococci), whose isolation from outpatients was three times greater than from inpatients. Lyogroup I was predominant among isolates from most clinical sources. Lyogroup IV predominated in strains isolated from the urinary tract; lyogroup V (Staphylococcus epidermidis) predominated in strains from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and indwelling artificial devices; and lyogroup VI ( Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus warneri ) predominated in strains from bile and the male genital tract. The incidence of methicillin resistance within the different lyogroups varied from unit to unit, suggesting epidemiological differences among different hospitals and different geographical areas. On the whole, methicillin resistance was more frequent in coagulase-negative staphylococci than in S. aureus and ranged from 19% for lyogroups I and III to 30% for lyogroup II (Staphylococcus simulans). Laboratory testing with 18 additional antibiotics suggested the occurrence of some specific differences in susceptibility among the different lyogroups . The rate of organisms resistant to the various antibiotics was greater among methicillin-resistant than among methicillin -susceptible staphylococci; particularly marked differences occurred with cephalosporins, rifampin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. The results suggested an increasing spread in Italy, during the last few years, of staphylococcal resistance to methicillin and to many other antibiotics. Some questions about the actual reliability of laboratory tests for the determination of staphylococcal susceptibility to methicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics were raised by parallel test performances in which both unsupplemented and 5% NaCl-supplemented Mueller-Hinton agars were used. The presence of NaCl heightened, on the whole, the number of resistant strains detected; however, a few isolates resistant in the unsupplemented medium and susceptible in the salt-supplemented medium were also encountered. This was true not only for methicillin but also for all other beta-lactam antibiotics tested except cefamandole. With cefamandole, the presence of 5% NaCl reduced the number of resistant strains detected. PMID- 6565711 TI - Freedom and responsibility. PMID- 6565710 TI - Plasma mevalonate as a measure of cholesterol synthesis in man. AB - Measurement of mevalonic acid (MVA) concentrations in plasma or 24-h urine samples is shown to be useful in studies of the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and cholesterol synthesis. Plasma MVA concentrations, measured either at 7-9 a.m. after an overnight fast, or throughout the 24-h cycle, were compared with cholesterol synthesis rates that were measured by the sterol balance method: plasma MVA concentrations were directly related to the rate of whole body cholesterol synthesis (r = 0.972; p less than 0.001; n = 18) over a tenfold range of cholesterol synthesis rates. Moreover, hourly examination of MVA concentrations throughout the day demonstrated that interventions such as fasting or cholesterol feeding cause suppression of the postmidnight diurnal rise in plasma MVA concentrations, with little change in the base-line of the rhythm. Thus, the daily rise and fall of plasma MVA appears to reflect changes in tissues and organs, such as the liver and intestine, that are known to be most sensitive to regulation by fasting or by dietary cholesterol. The hypothesis that short-term regulation of HMG-CoA reductase in tissues is quickly reflected by corresponding variations in plasma MVA was tested by using a specific inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, mevinolin, to block MVA synthesis. Mevinolin caused a dose-dependent lowering of plasma MVA after a single dose; and in patients who received the drug twice a day for 4 wk, it decreased 24-h urinary MVA output. Significant lowering of plasma cholesterol was achieved through administration of mevinolin at doses that only moderately limit MVA production. PMID- 6565712 TI - Alternatives in ET education: responses of professional education program directors. PMID- 6565713 TI - Justifying your position as an ET nurse. PMID- 6565714 TI - Osteoporosis. PMID- 6565715 TI - Using an evaluation model to generate questions for ET nurse education. PMID- 6565716 TI - Body image changes following illness and injury. PMID- 6565717 TI - Double-lumen vs. single-lumen catheterization of ileal/colon conduits. PMID- 6565718 TI - Customizing reusable stoma plates. PMID- 6565719 TI - A method of pouching a paracentesis or incision and drainage site prior to the procedure. PMID- 6565721 TI - Development of an empathic interaction skills schedule in a nursing context. AB - This study was an attempt to develop a means of teaching and assessing empathic interaction skills in the classroom and in the clinical situation. A descriptive analytic system of interaction observation was formulated from a theoretical standpoint, with videotape recordings of nurse-patient interactions used as an additional data base. The schedule was applied to both student and qualified nurses in a variety of clinical settings and in the classroom. The videotape recordings were used as a means of assessing the validity and reliability of the schedule. The validity was ascertained in terms of content validity and criterion related validity. These two aspects of validity were appraised by reference to the professional judgement of experienced qualified nurses. Positive validity coefficients were obtained. The reliability was determined by estimation of inter rater reliability and intra-rater reliability. Positive reliability coefficients were obtained. Observer objectivity was also calculated. PMID- 6565720 TI - The experience of stress in parents of children hospitalized with long-term disabilities. AB - This paper discusses parents' perceptions of their stress when their children are hospitalized with long-term disabilities. The study used a qualitative method. Data were collected with 40 parents through in-hospital interviews, and were analysed using the method of constant, comparative analysis. Parents' own interpretation of their stress experience is considered in relation to their perception of their role. The data suggest that the hospitalization of a child requires parents to make changes in their usual parenting role. In describing the nature of the changes required, parents identified the need to understand the illness experience; become familiar with the hospital environment; adapt to their changing relationship with the child and other family members; and negotiate with health professionals about their child's care. Verbatim accounts are used in this paper to illustrate parents' interpretations of their hospital experience. Parents perceive their role in their hospitalized child's care differently than health professionals do, and it would appear that much parental stress is attributable to the 'space' between health care workers' understanding of parents' experience, and parents' own comprehension. If nurses understood parents' own perception of their hospital-related stress better, more effective nursing care could be developed. Further research is needed in this important area. PMID- 6565722 TI - Evaluation of treatment goals: the use of goal attainment scaling. AB - Several observations are made on certain problems which psychiatric nurses may face during the evaluation phase of the nursing process. It is argued that the key to successful evaluation in this field lies in planning the evaluation itself, thereby strengthening the scientific basis of nursing practice by empirical methods. The use of goal attainment scaling is presented as one approach to this end. PMID- 6565723 TI - Inducing a definition of 'hope' through the use of grounded theory methodology. AB - Nurse researchers have become increasingly concerned with the development, testing and continued refinement of reliable and valid instruments which can index phenomena of interest to nursing. A primary step in the measurement of such phenomena is the systematic initiation of conceptualization processes which yield adequate construct definitions. Adequate construct definitions facilitate efforts toward precise measurement. Presented in this article is a description of how grounded theory methodology guided conceptualization processes to induce a construct definition of 'hope'. The data-based example is from a study of 25 adolescents (both well and hospitalized adolescents) who participated in defining 'hope'. Results include a definition of hope consisting of four categories which seem to form a continuum of degree. The induced definition is used to demonstrate rules which have been put forth in the social science literature to guide the formulation of construct definitions. The relationship between processes of conceptualization and measurement is further demonstrated by examples of scale items to index hopefulness in adolescents. The scale items reflect the four categories of the induced definition of hope and comprise the inductively developed 'Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents'. PMID- 6565724 TI - Student status in nursing--a discussion on the status of the student and how it affects training. AB - Though the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting (UKCC) refers to student status as an 'emotive term' (UKCC 1982), the author through this small-scale study looks at the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. Alternative models of training and other implications are also considered, the findings indicating that implementation is important for the learners' ongoing education and professional development, but not without further investigation of some of the issues raised. PMID- 6565725 TI - Learning styles of nursing students and career choices. AB - Kolb's 'Learning Style Inventory' was used to examine learning characteristics of incoming nursing students (n = 166) which were then compared to those of more advanced nursing students (n = 102). A majority of students were found to have concrete learning styles. Advanced students had a greater incidence of concrete learning styles than first year students suggesting increasing concreteness with exposure to nursing education. Diploma students were found to have a higher incidence of concrete learning styles than university students. Students with concrete learning styles were more influenced by person-oriented factors in career choices than those with abstract learning styles. No relationship was found between learning style and preferred nursing specialty. Implications for nursing education are discussed. PMID- 6565726 TI - Can the client with chronic schizophrenia consent to nursing research? AB - As nurses enter the field of research and design nursing studies, an awareness of the standards of informed consent becomes imperative. Informed consent is commonly considered to include providing the subject with adequate and understandable information regarding therapeutic and experimental procedures and ensuring subjects' competent understanding of this information. Providing information about a procedure is relatively easy but evaluating competency is often difficult. It is especially difficult with the subject who may suffer cognitive impairment, e.g. schizophrenia. Clients with schizophrenia have traditionally been a disenfranchised group. It is important they do not become neglected in nursing research because of concerns about competency to provide informed consent. This paper provides a discussion of the historical development of informed consent. Additionally, the legal standards of informed consent and the legally accepted standards of competency are elucidated. Four issues are considered: (a) evidencing a choice, (b) factual understanding of the issues, (c) rational manipulation of information, and (d) appreciation of the nature of the situation. These issues are related to a nursing research study designed by the senior author to test the beliefs of subjects with chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 6565727 TI - Family health assessment--an integrated approach. AB - The author discusses the development of a family assessment guide which combines family systems theory and Orem's self-care nursing framework. The rationale for integrating these two approaches is presented, based on the argument that a family conceptual framework or nursing framework alone cannot provide adequate guidelines for family nursing in the community. The family is viewed as a system with structure and function. Orem's self-care requirements are incorporated into the functions of the family. Five major assessment categories are discussed: environmental data; family structure; family function--meeting self-care requisites of family members; family function--adapting to change; and family perception of health situation. Data to be collected within each category is outlined, as well as the rationale for its inclusion in terms of its relevance for nursing of families in community health nursing. PMID- 6565728 TI - Evaluation of an undergraduate nursing course. AB - During the past two decades there has been a substantial growth in the number of British universities and polytechnics offering undergraduate nursing degree programmes. However, little attempt has been made to evaluate these courses systematically or to assess the potential impact of graduates on the provision of patient care. This study is concerned with the opinions of former undergraduates and ward sisters with experience of supervising the undergraduate nursing students. It also gives an account of the career progression of the students since graduation. The results indicate that the high academic and clinical demands made upon the students are a major problem and that a number of students encounter serious problems of adjustment during clinical placements. The ward sisters consistently rated the students' clinical abilities as high and the vast majority would like undergraduates allocated to their wards if a similar course was run again in the future. The career progression of the graduates demonstrates that the majority opt for clinical nursing posts. PMID- 6565729 TI - Distance learning and the Open University. PMID- 6565731 TI - Three strikes against her. Female, old and ... drunk. PMID- 6565730 TI - Nurses' perceptions of rehabilitation potential of institutionalized aged. PMID- 6565732 TI - "I was tired of living scared!". PMID- 6565733 TI - Gerontology comes of age. PMID- 6565734 TI - Infantilization of the elderly: an area for nursing research. PMID- 6565735 TI - Do mattresses make a difference? PMID- 6565736 TI - Sleep apnea: cause for concern. PMID- 6565737 TI - Facets of dementia. Incontinence. PMID- 6565738 TI - Are nurses taught to tie people down? PMID- 6565739 TI - Your mother is ours, now. PMID- 6565740 TI - Are physical activity, self-esteem, & depression related. PMID- 6565741 TI - A pilot study: postpartum mothers' perception of the information received in the hospital and its usefulness during the first weeks at home. PMID- 6565742 TI - Health status of children in rural areas of the Dominican Republic: policy implications for nursing practice and nursing education in Third World countries. PMID- 6565743 TI - Chronic illness, grief, and the family. PMID- 6565744 TI - Community health assessment: the man-environment interaction. PMID- 6565745 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: a challenge for the community health nurse. PMID- 6565746 TI - Head injuries. AB - In summary, the broad term "head injury" represents a large variety of more specific injuries. In order to anticipate and plan appropriate patient care, nurses need information regarding the cause of injury, the impact site, and the patient's clinical course in addition to current assessment findings. The nurse must also anticipate sequelae from secondary brain injury due to hypoxia, edema, increased intracranial pressure, changes in regional blood flows, or hypovolemic shock due to internal bleeding in another body system or cavity. The head-injured patient is a complex patient requiring intensive nursing care, observation, and assessment. By incorporating knowledge of the mechanisms of injury into nursing observations and assessments, nurses can provide more effective nursing interventions. PMID- 6565747 TI - Prognostic value of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in head trauma. PMID- 6565748 TI - Radioisotope studies of neurogenic bladder in multiple sclerosis. AB - Urinary dysfunction is a frequent and often serious manifestation of multiple sclerosis. If ignored, urinary tract pathology can cause disabling symptoms and life-threatening complications. Symptomatic relief and preventative measures are available once the underlying neurogenic pathology has been identified. The conceptualization of the categories "Failure to Store," "Failure to Empty," or "Combined" provide practical diagnostic and treatment catagories. One important diagnostic test to help define treatment parameters is the radioisotope renal/residual urine study. PMID- 6565749 TI - Impact of a nurse managed clinic in multiple sclerosis. AB - This article indicates the importance of evaluation in the practice of professional nursing. In the chronically ill neurological population both process (what the nurse actually does) and outcome measures need to be considered when formulating the objectives and scope of service to be provided by the clinical nurse specialist. For this population, morbidity was a natural evaluative measure for the nurse to employ as an index of intervention effectiveness. This does not mean to imply that nurses are the sole persons who can manage this type of outpatient clinic, but rather that nursing can play a pivotal part in the promotion of health for this particular group of neurologically disabled individuals. For this population, a consistent caregiver is important in implementing a rehabilitative approach to manage the interdisciplinary effort needed to help these individuals and their families maintain or improve health. PMID- 6565750 TI - Intra-operative ultrasound. AB - Real time intraoperative ultrasound can provide instant evaluation of the operative field. One can expect high quality images of intracranial anatomy. With such information, the neurosurgeon can make determinations of direction and position as well as depth of the lesion. The procedure is safe and easy to perform. There are no radiation hazards present. It may be advantageous to keep the ultrasound available as one operates to visualize the progress of tumor removal; it can also be utilized after closure of the dura for bleeding or other complications. Biopsy procedures and localization of lesions in the brain can be extremely problematic. The neurosurgeon does not have the luxury of exploring a brain during a craniotomy as a general surgeon does in exploring an abdomen during laparotomy. Despite the fact that modern day technology with angiography and CT scanning may provide excellent preoperative localization information, the neurosurgeon must translate the information into his own perspective when operating and lesions may be missed by a millimeter. Once the transducer visualizes the brain substance, the neurosurgeon can actually observe the progress of the craniotomy. PMID- 6565751 TI - Dysphasia, dyspraxia, and dysarthria: distinguishing features, Part II. PMID- 6565752 TI - A grass roots approach to developing inpatient nursing unit work groups. AB - The change has taken three years. Many obstacles (attitudes, scheduling, philosophical differences, etc.) had to be overcome. The unit needed to develop its own autonomy and culture. The head nurse found it necessary to relinquish some control and the clinical nurses, in turn, had to determine manageable versus unmanageable problems. Risks were involved on every level from clinical nurses to the Director of Neuroscience Nursing, but all responded with trust and commitment to nursing and to the organizational goals. The unit was fortunate in a number of ways during the implementation of the work groups. It was advantageous to have a consultant who continually made the head nurse and group leaders look at the unit as a part of a total organization. The many "buts" that were interjected when comparing/contrasting nursing with other professions were refuted. It became apparent that the majority of nurses were fully aware that the profession involves working 24 hours a day, seven days a week including holidays. For the most part, the new graduate understands that hands on care includes such tasks as changing incontinent patients, making beds, and lifting and turning patients. Nursing also means intangible rewards in serving patients who need care. For nurses on our unit, what needed to be changed was the idea that a nurse has little or no control over the work life on a unit. If indeed nurses are committed to nursing, it is up to them, with appropriate support, to identify and alter the aspects of the job which are unsatisfactory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6565753 TI - A survey of neuroscience nurses. AB - This survey identified and described the characteristics and perceptions of neuroscience nurses as well as the basic and master's level curriculum relating to neuroscience theory and clinical components. The major sources of stress as perceived by neuroscience nurses were identified, categorized and prioritized in accordance with their present roles. The information in this survey can be used to guide future studies on neuroscience nurses. More must be learned about the neuroscience nurse so that nurse educators and administrators can provide the necessary resources to facilitate learning and coping. This is essential to insure the provision of high standards of patient care. PMID- 6565754 TI - Delegation strategies. A must for the nurse executive. AB - Effective delegation skills are an absolute necessity for today's nurse executives. Your success as a manager depends on your ability to use the skills and energy of subordinates to get work accomplished. The author of this article shows why nursing administrators often have trouble delegating tasks to others. She suggests ways to overcome this hesitation and includes a brief questionnaire that tests the manager's attitude toward delegation. The self-assessment questionnaire can pinpoint problem areas and help nurse executives improve their delegation skills. PMID- 6565755 TI - Procedure development. A simplified approach. AB - A step-by-step guide for writing procedures/protocols in an easy-to-read, standardized format is presented. The guidelines emphasize clarity, accessibility, and directness to provide an efficient method of producing finished and effective procedures that enhance performance. PMID- 6565756 TI - Japanese management. Implications for nursing administration. AB - Does Japanese management possess sufficient practical validity to warrant retraining of nursing administrators and their staffs? Can Japanese management really address the complexities of contemporary nursing administration? Before espousing the benefits of Theory Z and implementing quality circles in your hospital, read this analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of Japanese management--the benefits can be substantial but so can the costs! PMID- 6565757 TI - Organizational approaches to bridging the research-practice gap. PMID- 6565758 TI - Simultaneous imperatives. PMID- 6565759 TI - Quality assurance and peer review. PMID- 6565760 TI - The use of diagnostic ultrasound imaging in pregnancy. From the National Institutes of Health, Consensus Development Panel. PMID- 6565761 TI - Fetal effects of ultrasound: a growing controversy. PMID- 6565762 TI - Professional attire at delivery, part I: an historical review. PMID- 6565763 TI - Professional attire at delivery, part II: delivery attire in Chicago-area hospitals. PMID- 6565764 TI - Quality care assessment and assurance. PMID- 6565765 TI - Midwifery at the University of Malawi. PMID- 6565766 TI - Parathyroid hormone as a uremic toxin. PMID- 6565767 TI - CAPD: dialysis 365 days a year. PMID- 6565769 TI - Bridge the gap. PMID- 6565768 TI - An alteration in body image in the hemodialysis population. PMID- 6565770 TI - Dialyze Lisa? Yes, we can! PMID- 6565771 TI - Procurement and placement of cadaveric organs...a network of communication. PMID- 6565772 TI - "My personal experience with CAPD". PMID- 6565773 TI - Parental behaviors: the effect on young patients with end stage renal disease. PMID- 6565774 TI - Retreats from reality and pre-treatment education. PMID- 6565775 TI - An anxiety reduction technique during lumbar punctures in infants and toddlers. PMID- 6565776 TI - Pediatric oncology problem. PMID- 6565777 TI - Cyclophosphamide: a drug profile. PMID- 6565778 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum elastase-1]. PMID- 6565779 TI - [Clinical evaluation of elastase output in pancreozymin-secretin (PS) test]. PMID- 6565781 TI - [Successful breast feeding]. PMID- 6565780 TI - [Basis of assistance in breast feeding]. PMID- 6565782 TI - [Continuing care of obstetrical patients for breast feeding]. PMID- 6565783 TI - [Current status of Okeya's method for care of the breast and my personal experience in its practice]. PMID- 6565784 TI - [Prevention and treatment of puerperal breast diseases, with special reference to self care]. PMID- 6565785 TI - [Breast care at the Mimori Midwifery Clinic: a midwife's care in cooperation with an acupuncturist/masseur]. PMID- 6565786 TI - [Regional care to encourage breast feeding]. PMID- 6565787 TI - [A personal experience in breast feeding: impression of instructions at 2 facilities where Okeya's method of breast care is practiced]. PMID- 6565788 TI - [Experience in breast feeding for the infant's 1st year: with Okeya's breast treatment technic]. PMID- 6565789 TI - [Puerperal mastitis: causes, prevention, and management]. PMID- 6565790 TI - [Theory of midwifery: with special reference to the future of maternal and child care and midwifery]. PMID- 6565791 TI - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 4. Morning sickness and medication: risk associated with medication]. PMID- 6565792 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 16. Maternal estriol (E3) determination as a fetoplacental function test]. PMID- 6565793 TI - [Chronic preparation]. PMID- 6565794 TI - [Current concepts of the physiopathology of pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6565795 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6565796 TI - [Maternal and fetal prognosis in pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6565797 TI - [Perinatal nursing care of patients with pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6565798 TI - [Assessment of patients with pregnancy toxemias and nursing plans]. PMID- 6565800 TI - [Keypoints in nutritional education of pregnant patients]. PMID- 6565799 TI - [Nursing of patients with acute pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6565801 TI - [A cottage designated for delivery at the Irohama area (Fukui Prefecture) and associated customs of childbirth]. PMID- 6565802 TI - [Impressions of the 7th International Symposium on Perinatology]. PMID- 6565803 TI - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 5. Adrenal cortex hormones: suppression of the adrenal cortex functions in mother and fetus (1)]. PMID- 6565804 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 17. Proteinaceous placental hormones]. PMID- 6565805 TI - [My point of view. Recommendations for keeping a child-care record: for optimum mother-child relations]. PMID- 6565806 TI - [Report on the 7th International Symposium on Perinatology (1)]. PMID- 6565807 TI - [Effect of orthovanadate on whole kidney function and transtubular potential differences in various isolated nephron segments]. PMID- 6565808 TI - [Management of physical illness in the mental hospital; with special reference to psychotic patients with cancer]. PMID- 6565809 TI - [Management of internal diseases in mental hospitals; with special reference to diabetes]. PMID- 6565810 TI - [Treatment of medical disorders in a mental hospital; alcoholic liver disease]. PMID- 6565811 TI - [Liaison psychiatry and acceptance of complicated psychiatric patients in a university hospital]. PMID- 6565812 TI - [The aspects of physical nursing care in mental hospitals]. PMID- 6565813 TI - [Nursing care standards of the psychotic patient with physical complications]. PMID- 6565814 TI - [Physical complications of the aged in mental hospitals]. PMID- 6565815 TI - [Prophylactic care of physical complications in psychotic patients; with reference to the case of constipation]. PMID- 6565817 TI - [Nursing care of the psychotic patient with cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6565816 TI - [Nursing care of the psychotic patient with diabetes]. PMID- 6565818 TI - [Nursing care of the psychotic patient with urological diseases]. PMID- 6565819 TI - [Nursing care of psychotic outpatients with physical complications]. PMID- 6565820 TI - [Dealing with mental disorders in medical-surgical wards]. PMID- 6565821 TI - [Therapy with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6565822 TI - [Dental caries prevention using Streptococcus mutans]. PMID- 6565823 TI - [Monitoring the circulatory system]. PMID- 6565824 TI - [Postoperative circulatory management and monitoring]. PMID- 6565826 TI - [Speculation on nursing case studies concerning chronic renal failure patients' life style and home care]. PMID- 6565825 TI - [An examination of urethral catheterization in female patients]. PMID- 6565827 TI - [Spiritual needs and the nursing process]. PMID- 6565828 TI - [Learning to use a personal computer]. PMID- 6565829 TI - [Planning of practical training in obstetrical nursing on campus--at a 2-year college]. PMID- 6565830 TI - [Incorporation of regional maternal-child health activities in the study of obstetrical nursing--at a junior college having difficulties in securing facilities for clinical training]. PMID- 6565831 TI - [Current status and problems associated with clinical training in obstetrical nursing: the problem-solving process through the nursing plans and learning the contents of the subject]. PMID- 6565832 TI - [Practical training in obstetrical nursing on campus: specific methods in course planning]. PMID- 6565834 TI - [Nursing of tomorrow, a thought on practice. 6. Suggestions on nursing methodology and nursing education]. PMID- 6565833 TI - [On nursing education. 24. Curricula which require changes]. PMID- 6565835 TI - [On students' withdrawal from the school]. PMID- 6565836 TI - [Current status and future of nursing education. Discussion]. PMID- 6565837 TI - [Study in training of nursing instructors--with special reference to the subjects and class hours set at the Seminar for Training of Nursing Instructors]. PMID- 6565838 TI - [Study on attainment of the educational goal and analysis of the attitudinal progress]. PMID- 6565839 TI - [Surgical nursing. 3. Nursing associated with surgery under local anesthesia]. PMID- 6565840 TI - [On nursing education. 25. Impact of the teacher on the students]. PMID- 6565841 TI - [Methodology and problems associated with nursing education. 1. Paradox of education]. PMID- 6565842 TI - [A comment by a teaching assistant of a nursing department of a school of hygiene: a reflection on clinical training]. PMID- 6565843 TI - [Current status and problematic items in training in basic nursing technology]. PMID- 6565845 TI - [Logical reinforcement of basic nursing technology]. PMID- 6565844 TI - [Reevaluation and future directions in training in basic nursing technology]. PMID- 6565846 TI - [The problem of sex among patients and nursing education. 1. On sex in nursing]. PMID- 6565847 TI - [An interview with Ms. Lea, a government-sponsored student from Ethiopia (at Chiba University School of Nursing): a hope to obtain a Master's Degree in nursing at Chiba University]. PMID- 6565849 TI - [On nursing education. 26. Capacity to comprehend objects and phenomena as they are]. PMID- 6565848 TI - [Surgical nursing. 4. Nursing associated with cesarean section]. PMID- 6565850 TI - [Methodology and problems associated with nursing education. 2. The problem of the basic academic level]. PMID- 6565851 TI - [The 2d Yokohama Assembly for the study of public health nursing organization activities. The purpose of the meeting and its schedules]. PMID- 6565852 TI - [The 2d Yokohama Assembly for the study of public health nursing organization activities. The impact of the meeting on the attitudes of the participants. A discussion]. PMID- 6565853 TI - [The 2d Yokohama Assembly for the study of public health nursing organization activities. Thoughts on learning through the meeting]. PMID- 6565855 TI - [The 2d Yokohama Assembly for the study of public health nursing organization activities. A closing moment]. PMID- 6565854 TI - [The 2d Yokohama Assembly for the study of public health nursing organization activities. Changes in the attitudes of the participants--self analysis through experiences at the meeting]. PMID- 6565856 TI - [The "technology" in public health activities with a focus on the nursing scene]. PMID- 6565857 TI - [Construct for public health nursing. A fresh perspective on public health nursing, in terms of where it is practiced, in whose behalf and with what desired outcome]. PMID- 6565858 TI - [The function of the head nurse: a head nurse's awareness of being the moving force of regional public health activities]. PMID- 6565859 TI - [The function of the head nurse: a head nurse's awareness of being a representative to the public health clinic]. PMID- 6565860 TI - [The function of the head nurse: the head nurse as the standard-bearer for reorganizing public health services--expectations of young head nurses. Discussion]. PMID- 6565861 TI - [History of the campaign for primary prevention and future prospects of so-called "congenital" hip dislocation]. PMID- 6565863 TI - [Introduction of a computer to public health nursing--computer processing of tuberculosis registry cards]. PMID- 6565862 TI - [The mother's attitude to her child and its effect on weaning]. PMID- 6565864 TI - [Analysis of public health nursing students assigned to a public health clinic for training in home visiting]. PMID- 6565865 TI - Kansas nurses facilitate health of Olympic Torch Relay. PMID- 6565866 TI - The new financial climate and the registered nurse: hospitals. PMID- 6565867 TI - The vulnerable nursing administrator. PMID- 6565868 TI - Planning for the future. PMID- 6565869 TI - The neurological examination of children with school problems. PMID- 6565870 TI - Sexuality education instructional techniques: teacher usage and student preference. AB - This paper identifies instructional techniques utilized by 89 secondary school teachers and those preferred by 334 secondary school students when 20 sexuality education topics are taught in the classroom. Instructional techniques most often utilized by teachers and preferred by students include large group discussion, educational media, guest speakers, case study, lecture, small group work, and role play. The findings indicate that large group discussion was most often employed by teachers and preferred by students when teaching social and emotional aspects of sexuality such as self-awareness, feelings and emotions, building relationships, and communicating with others. Educational media and guest speakers were the instructional techniques used and preferred to address some of the physiological aspects of sexuality such as reproductive systems, conception, childbirth, and birth control. Significant differences using the chi-square test of independence were found between teacher and student responses for 16 of the 20 topics. PMID- 6565871 TI - A health promotion program for school personnel. AB - Though public schools traditionally have been concerned about the mental and physical health of children, programs that provide support for the health and well-being of school employees are rare. A health promotion program that focused on self-help in the areas of self-management, coping and adapting, exercise and fitness, and nutrition and well-being was designed for school employees. Before the program began, surveys of teachers and school administrators were conducted to document general well-being, health protective behaviors, and perceived occupational stress. A prevention-oriented educational program was implemented that provided for trained facilitators to influence small groups of employees to work together to maintain or improve their health. Results indicate that school employees who meet specified criteria can be trained to facilitate a health promotion program within the public school environment. Also, as a result of the facilitator training program, knowledge levels, attitudes, and certain health behaviors of participants are significantly influenced. However, feasibility will depend on a social process during which stakeholders are given opportunity to make decisions concerning implementation. An algorithm is useful to communicate the social process for decision making as it translates abstract principles of formative evaluation into concrete procedures that will assist planners in determining the feasibility of implementing the program in a school. PMID- 6565872 TI - Intervening with the adolescent involved in substance abuse. AB - The problem of drug abuse in the school and the detrimental effects of drug use on the student's ability to concentrate, to remain involved in school work, and to relate to others has been well documented. However, the identification of the problem is only part of the solution. Intervening once a student has been identified as a "user" of an illegal substance is the rest of the problem. Members of the school health team are in a pivotal position to intervene and provide alternatives for the student and the family. PMID- 6565873 TI - Family and child correlates of nutrition knowledge and dietary quality in 10-13 year olds. AB - Family and child correlates of nutrition knowledge and dietary quality were examined using 97 10-13-year-old children. Results indicated that older, more intelligent, and white subjects had higher scores on a test of nutrition knowledge, and younger, more intelligent subjects whose mothers were employed achieved higher scores on a measure of dietary quality. Tentative explanations are offered. PMID- 6565874 TI - Counseling approaches used with emotionally handicapped children. AB - Children identified with emotional handicaps manifest a variety of educational and behavioral problems. This paper presents the major counseling techniques that may be used with these children. Basic goals and methods of each approach, applicability for emotionally handicapped students, and training necessary for the practitioner also are discussed. PMID- 6565875 TI - Health promotion in a Cambodian refugee camp: a CHILD-to-child approach. AB - This paper describes a School Health Program established in Khao I Dang, a refugee camp of 80,000 Cambodians in Thailand. Originally designed to provide health screening and immunization, the program was expanded to include health promotion. The author conceptualizes the health promotion activities based on the underlying principles in the manual CHILD-to-child. Three specific projects using CHILD-to-child techniques are described. The article concludes with a discussion of the applicability of these techniques to refugee settings in general and to American schools. PMID- 6565876 TI - The limitations to excellence in education. Coalition of National Health Education Organizations. PMID- 6565877 TI - Maine examines the plight of children. PMID- 6565878 TI - School nursing: a case of the forest and the trees. PMID- 6565879 TI - Antagonistic effect of dauricine of experimental arrhythmias. PMID- 6565880 TI - Relief of oesophageal carcinomatous obstruction by acupuncture. PMID- 6565881 TI - Manipulative treatment of subluxation of the sacro-iliac joint. PMID- 6565882 TI - Traditional Chinese treatment of acute and subacute thrombophlebitis profundus. Report of 60 cases. PMID- 6565883 TI - Yiqihuoxue and improvement of electrophoretic abnormalities of protein in chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver. PMID- 6565884 TI - 110 cases of mastosis treated by acupuncture. PMID- 6565885 TI - The relationship between the count of fungiform papillae of tongue and differentiation of syndromes. A clinical analysis of 114 cases. PMID- 6565886 TI - Kidney deficiency and plasma testosterone level. PMID- 6565887 TI - Plum-blossom needle therapy in concomitant strabismus. A report of 103 cases. PMID- 6565888 TI - Clinical application of the crossing points of eight extra channels. PMID- 6565889 TI - [Objectives and task of students' practice of comprehensive nursing]. PMID- 6565890 TI - [Students' practice of comprehensive nursing; its method and problems]. PMID- 6565891 TI - [Students practice of comprehensive nursing]. PMID- 6565893 TI - [Survey on the present state of students' practice of comprehensive nursing]. PMID- 6565892 TI - [About instruction of students' practice of comprehensive nursing]. PMID- 6565894 TI - [Intuition and body]. PMID- 6565895 TI - [Introduction of theories into nursing administration]. PMID- 6565896 TI - [Time and workload for patient transport]. PMID- 6565897 TI - [Instruction of students' practice of orthopedic nursing]. PMID- 6565898 TI - [Method and effects in teaching "the technique of physical examination of the adult" to nursing students]. PMID- 6565899 TI - [Methods of teaching-learning the problem solving process in nursing]. PMID- 6565900 TI - [Report of a student life at the school of nursing, Loma Linda University]. PMID- 6565901 TI - [Electrocardiography (3): arrhythmia (2)]. PMID- 6565902 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Physiopathology of juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6565904 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Nursing process]. PMID- 6565903 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Diagnosis and treatment of juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6565905 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Nursing of diabetic children at the initial hospitalization]. PMID- 6565906 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Encouraging the development of a positive attitude to control the disease process as a continuing goal. A discussion]. PMID- 6565907 TI - [Study of the factors concerning aged bedridden patients and methods to prevent confinement]. PMID- 6565909 TI - [Nursing actions to prevent bedsores in a bedridden patient]. PMID- 6565908 TI - [Nursing conference. Learning in clinical training. Nursing to develop a trusting relationship with a terminal patient]. PMID- 6565910 TI - [Test yourself. Nursing of a patient undergoing mitral valve replacement]. PMID- 6565911 TI - [Participation of family members in nursing]. PMID- 6565912 TI - [Interactions with the patient and his family members--an example of indifferent attitudes of the family members]. PMID- 6565913 TI - [Instructions for the family of an uncooperative patient--an example of excessive care by the family]. PMID- 6565914 TI - [A patient's desire to be discharged and a lack of nursing capability at home]. PMID- 6565915 TI - Ethics committees: promise or peril? PMID- 6565916 TI - State legislation and the handicapped newborn: a moral and political dilemma. PMID- 6565917 TI - Equal employment opportunity under title VII and the exclusion of fertile women from the toxic workplace. PMID- 6565918 TI - The changing role of nurses in making ethical decisions. PMID- 6565919 TI - Shindul testimony on prescription writing. PMID- 6565920 TI - [Diagnosis of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6565921 TI - [Acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6565922 TI - [Acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6565923 TI - [Strangulated hernias]. PMID- 6565924 TI - [Perforating stomach and duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6565925 TI - [Acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 6565926 TI - [On guard for health]. PMID- 6565927 TI - [Arteriosclerosis obliterans of the vessels of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6565928 TI - [Prolonged peridural anesthesia in tuberculosis surgery]. PMID- 6565929 TI - [Cryogenic method in maxillofacial surgery]. PMID- 6565930 TI - [Role of the nurse in rehabilitating patients with maxillofacial injury]. PMID- 6565932 TI - [Bed attachment for infusion therapy]. PMID- 6565931 TI - [Draping the surgical field in appendectomy and hernioplasty]. PMID- 6565933 TI - [Guide for puncturing flasks with transfusion fluids]. PMID- 6565934 TI - [Organizing the work with junior medical personnel in a general hospital]. PMID- 6565935 TI - [Prevention of postoperative pneumonias]. PMID- 6565936 TI - [Prevention of Volkmann's contracture of the upper extremity in the injuries of children]. PMID- 6565937 TI - [Genital endometriosis]. PMID- 6565938 TI - [Work of a hospital nurses' council]. PMID- 6565939 TI - [Psychopathy]. PMID- 6565940 TI - [Manic-depressive psychosis]. PMID- 6565941 TI - [Involutional psychoses]. PMID- 6565942 TI - [Mental diseases of old age]. PMID- 6565943 TI - [Neurological disorders in alcoholism patients]. PMID- 6565944 TI - [Role of the nurse in performing therapeutic plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6565945 TI - [Hydrotherapy of skin diseases]. PMID- 6565946 TI - [Encephalopathies]. PMID- 6565947 TI - [Treatment of skin diseases accompanied by exudation]. PMID- 6565948 TI - [Work of the head nurse in the psychiatric department]. PMID- 6565949 TI - [Formation of the personality of the head nurse]. PMID- 6565950 TI - [Forms and methods of teaching nurses in the psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 6565951 TI - [Role of the nurse in caring for epilepsy patients]. PMID- 6565952 TI - [Bibliotherapy]. PMID- 6565953 TI - [Propaganda for a solicitous attitude to bread]. PMID- 6565954 TI - [Role of nurses in the life of the hospital]. PMID- 6565955 TI - [Schizophrenia]. PMID- 6565956 TI - Issues in nursing. PMID- 6565957 TI - Nurses in specialty practice in Michigan. PMID- 6565958 TI - Comparable worth; economic issue of the 80's. 1. PMID- 6565959 TI - Community networking supports viable practice. PMID- 6565961 TI - Food allergy--the state of the art. PMID- 6565960 TI - Due process in termination. PMID- 6565962 TI - An investigation into midwives' perception of their role. PMID- 6565963 TI - About the rational use of vitamins. PMID- 6565964 TI - Denial and other emotional responses to infertility. PMID- 6565965 TI - Food allergy and bowel disease in childhood. PMID- 6565966 TI - The implications of rubella in pregnancy. PMID- 6565967 TI - About TOP risks and about mammography. PMID- 6565968 TI - A commune in Tennessee. PMID- 6565969 TI - The second stage of labor--do we clock watch? PMID- 6565970 TI - Free speech! The consultant midwife. PMID- 6565972 TI - Oral health maintenance in pregnancy. PMID- 6565971 TI - "Hats off to the community midwife"! PMID- 6565973 TI - Care & treatment of the psychologically disturbed mother & her infant. PMID- 6565974 TI - The umbilical cord: to treat or not to treat? PMID- 6565975 TI - MoNA Education Committee studies trend in "entry" issue. PMID- 6565976 TI - Anaesthetic and post-anaesthetic recovery nursing. Staffing problems in anaesthetic/recovery room nursing. PMID- 6565977 TI - Anaesthetic and post-anaesthetic recovery nursing. Limbo lines. PMID- 6565978 TI - Anaesthetic ad post-anaesthetic recovery nursing. The role and training of the post-anaesthetic recovery (PAR) nurse. PMID- 6565979 TI - Anaesthetic and post-anaesthetic recovery nursing. Malignant hyperpyrexia--a killer. PMID- 6565981 TI - Board votes against losing 100 jobs: ENB to go broke to avoid redundancies. PMID- 6565980 TI - Ultraclean air, wound contamination and sepsis in joint replacement surgery. PMID- 6565982 TI - Assurance for staff from first Griffiths appointment: Nurses need not fear new general managers. Interview by Steve Ellis. PMID- 6565983 TI - Options facing psychiatric nurses in EC. PMID- 6565984 TI - Royal College of Nursing: body blow. PMID- 6565985 TI - Assumptions on which philosophy is based are the wrong ones. PMID- 6565987 TI - Nursing care in prison. PMID- 6565986 TI - Ought not to be affronted as suggestions are constructive. PMID- 6565988 TI - Calculating the risks. PMID- 6565989 TI - College calls for facts to fight education cuts: action plan for 'teacher alert'. PMID- 6565990 TI - Gearing up for the next pay review. PMID- 6565991 TI - UKCC fee plans. PMID- 6565992 TI - Royal College of Nursing: never the same; fees system. PMID- 6565993 TI - Listen and learn. PMID- 6565994 TI - Moral questions. PMID- 6565995 TI - Cancer nursing education-time for a change? PMID- 6565996 TI - Support for managers. PMID- 6565997 TI - Warnock--the facts. PMID- 6565998 TI - College to carry out searching investigation into performance indicators. PMID- 6565999 TI - Civil defence planning move. PMID- 6566001 TI - Nurses are natural heirs. PMID- 6566000 TI - Royal College of Nursing: food for thought. PMID- 6566002 TI - Low wages could endanger care levels: contract pay concerns RCN. PMID- 6566003 TI - Uniform safety trial. PMID- 6566004 TI - Conference to look at ways of using scarce skills to combat drug addiction. PMID- 6566005 TI - One small step. PMID- 6566006 TI - Move forward not sideways. PMID- 6566007 TI - Unexploited talent in nursing. PMID- 6566008 TI - Why the formation of an RCN ethics committee is not before time. PMID- 6566010 TI - What action to take on drugs. Interview by Steve Ellis. PMID- 6566009 TI - Nurse teachers spurred into action by constant cash cuts: urgent response to 'teacher alert' campaign. PMID- 6566011 TI - New College guidelines to help cope with the hard of hearing: practical guidance for nurses dealing with partially deaf. PMID- 6566012 TI - How to act when a patient dies. PMID- 6566013 TI - All nurses should have eye check-up before working with lasers. PMID- 6566014 TI - Red alert. PMID- 6566015 TI - Private-sector health care initiatives: a comparative perspective from four communities. PMID- 6566016 TI - Longer life but worsening health? Trends in health and mortality of middle-aged and older persons. PMID- 6566017 TI - Renal function: an overview. PMID- 6566018 TI - The collection and testing of urine. PMID- 6566019 TI - Aids to continence--simple and sophisticated. PMID- 6566020 TI - The nutritional management of renal disease. PMID- 6566021 TI - Assessment of the incontinent patient. PMID- 6566022 TI - Incontinence: re-education of the pelvic floor. PMID- 6566023 TI - Surgery for the unborn: a nurse's own story. PMID- 6566024 TI - The legal burden of questionable drug orders. PMID- 6566025 TI - Accentuate the positive: improving morale is everyone's job. PMID- 6566026 TI - Dottie wasn't ready for nursing--and we weren't ready for her. PMID- 6566027 TI - Computers: what they're doing for nursing. PMID- 6566028 TI - Cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 6566030 TI - Charting: keeping it professional so your care can't be faulted. PMID- 6566029 TI - Life or death. So small in our hands. PMID- 6566031 TI - The nursing approach to better time management. PMID- 6566032 TI - Making time work for you. PMID- 6566034 TI - What's really bothering your patient? 5 ways to find out. PMID- 6566033 TI - Feeling angry? Letting off steam may not help. PMID- 6566035 TI - Court case: two willful acts? PMID- 6566036 TI - Griffiths is good for you. PMID- 6566037 TI - Cambridge Maternity Hospital opens in record time. PMID- 6566038 TI - Frontier nurse. Interview by Janet Barber. PMID- 6566039 TI - The implications of the Griffiths Report. PMID- 6566040 TI - Why the waste? PMID- 6566041 TI - Commitment to counsel. Part 1. PMID- 6566042 TI - Anaesthetic and postanaesthetic recovery. The management of clinical specialties. PMID- 6566043 TI - Teaching fire safety: practice beats preaching. PMID- 6566044 TI - For your professional advancement: your resume. PMID- 6566045 TI - Law for the nurse manager: shall we choose life or let die? PMID- 6566046 TI - Should we feed baby Doe? PMID- 6566047 TI - A new approach to Hickman catheter education. PMID- 6566048 TI - Some room for stress. PMID- 6566049 TI - Preparing the nurse preceptor. PMID- 6566050 TI - Building confidence in patient classification systems. PMID- 6566051 TI - Discharge planning: the team is behind you! PMID- 6566052 TI - Primary nursing and flexi-staffing: do they mix? PMID- 6566053 TI - Recruiting clients: Bait and switch? PMID- 6566054 TI - Practical management course. Module 13: Murphy's law: lessons from folklore for nurse managers. PMID- 6566055 TI - Art and science of management: supervising professionals. PMID- 6566057 TI - What? Another committee? PMID- 6566056 TI - The M and M convention. PMID- 6566058 TI - Support groups: from student to employee. PMID- 6566059 TI - Communicating in the ICU: do you read me loud and clear? PMID- 6566060 TI - CPR certification: consistent and convenient. PMID- 6566061 TI - Absenteeism: the alienation effect. PMID- 6566062 TI - The toughest time to work? PMID- 6566063 TI - Orientation: we're with you all the way. PMID- 6566064 TI - There's power in numbers. PMID- 6566065 TI - Contracts individualize orientation. PMID- 6566067 TI - Art & science of management. More red tape? PMID- 6566066 TI - Law for the nurse manager. More about nurse practitioners. PMID- 6566068 TI - [The contribution of C.I.C.I.A.M.S. to the reunion and activities of the Conference of International Catholic Organizations]. PMID- 6566069 TI - The role of universities in the strategies of health for all. PMID- 6566070 TI - The apostolic letter of the Holy Father on the christian meaning of suffering. PMID- 6566071 TI - An occupational injury management information system. PMID- 6566072 TI - Preceptorship in occupational health nursing. PMID- 6566073 TI - A rationale for incorporating wellness programs into existing occupational health programs. PMID- 6566074 TI - Sexual counseling for the mastectomy patient. PMID- 6566075 TI - Preventive health care to Peace Corps volunteers in a Third World Country. PMID- 6566076 TI - Steps to publication: a quick reference for nurses. PMID- 6566078 TI - Medical center at the World's Fair. PMID- 6566077 TI - American Association of Occupational Health Nurses, Inc. Position statement: Occupational health nurse: a manager. PMID- 6566079 TI - A new concept for the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6566080 TI - Good health is good business. PMID- 6566081 TI - Pregnancy in the workplace. PMID- 6566082 TI - Nutrition needs for the preconception period. PMID- 6566083 TI - Sexually transmitted disease and pregnancy: the nursing approach. PMID- 6566084 TI - Substance abuse and the prenatal employee: a nursing diagnosis perspective. PMID- 6566085 TI - A health education model at the workplace. PMID- 6566086 TI - Professional educational materials. PMID- 6566087 TI - Adult day care--challenge for the profession. PMID- 6566088 TI - Easy ways to reach inaccessible clients. PMID- 6566089 TI - Use of restraints in acute, nonpsychiatric care settings. PMID- 6566091 TI - [Legislation on authority in the health care field]. PMID- 6566090 TI - [Being healthy--an art of living? Sources of danger and mastery in the nursing profession]. PMID- 6566092 TI - [Brief advice for mushroom lovers. Information from the Austrian Study Group for Public Health]. PMID- 6566093 TI - The handling of antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6566094 TI - Buzz words hit home. PMID- 6566095 TI - The story of a significant national nursing organization in Pennsylvania. PMID- 6566096 TI - Flight nurse develops health program for Intn'l Airport. PMID- 6566097 TI - Occupational health care for nurses? PMID- 6566098 TI - Doping in sports: a primer for nurses. PMID- 6566099 TI - Identifying a standard for pin site care using the quality assurance approach. PMID- 6566100 TI - The decade ahead: five major issues. PMID- 6566101 TI - Osteomalacia. PMID- 6566102 TI - The Nelson bed on an orthopaedic unit. PMID- 6566103 TI - Possible trends in commercial insurance. PMID- 6566104 TI - Identifying speech and language delays in children. PMID- 6566105 TI - Assessing competency for informed consent with mentally retarded minors. PMID- 6566108 TI - Dispelling the myths of political participation. PMID- 6566107 TI - Myths about day care: fact or fantasy? PMID- 6566106 TI - Pharmacokinetics for pediatric nurses. PMID- 6566109 TI - Do adolescents practice what they preach about health? PMID- 6566110 TI - What do school-age children know about their bodies? PMID- 6566111 TI - Pediatric management plan: rubella. PMID- 6566112 TI - [Function of the blood kallikrein-kinin, coagulating and fibrinolytic systems in children with the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6566113 TI - The tyranny of the should's. PMID- 6566114 TI - Bowen's family projection process and Tennessee Williams's "The Glass Menagerie". PMID- 6566115 TI - Orem's theory as applied to psychiatric nursing. PMID- 6566117 TI - Inspirational talk. PMID- 6566116 TI - Psychiatric nurses and the press: a troubled relationship. PMID- 6566118 TI - Ranking the nursing schools. PMID- 6566119 TI - An update on the Regents External Degree Program. AB - Many new pathways to learning are being developed as nursing and higher education respond to current societal conditions. Cooperation between education and service is now more important and more possible than ever. The Regents College Nursing Program, while continuing to serve the needs of individual nurses, also has an increasing commitment to develop interinstitutional partnerships designed to plan and implement learning options for other capable and motivated students. Its three-part strategy is deliberately inclusive. It is based on the belief that those already in nursing should be encouraged and helped to achieve their full potential. The process of learning is focused, but flexible; the required outcomes and methods of documentation are specifically prescribed. Opportunity, collaboration and competence are the cornerstones of this interinstitutional approach. Generic nursing programs at the undergraduate and graduate level are essential; but so are innovative adult-oriented BSN and MSN programs that capitalize on the experience and motivation of those already in the discipline of nursing. Many colleges and service agencies already have demonstrated their interest in forming partnerships for the mutual benefit of nursing students and institutions. The incorporation of assessment methods, such as those developed by Regents College, enhances individual learning options, the attainment of required competencies, and the professionalization of nursing. PMID- 6566120 TI - Community colleges: a home base for the external degree. PMID- 6566121 TI - Weekend college. PMID- 6566122 TI - Completing the BSN off-campus. PMID- 6566124 TI - A student perspective on the portfolio. PMID- 6566123 TI - The professional portfolio: documentation of prior learning. AB - Many questions about the use of the professional portfolio remain. Is the underlying assumption that registered nurses have prior learning that should be credited by baccalaureate programs acceptable to all faculty and all institutions of higher learning? Will the academic quality of the learning experiences of the registered nurse be enhanced or threatened by the portfolio process? Is the portfolio method appropriate for all nurse students or is it best suited to the experienced professional who is articulate and has clear educational and professional goals? How can questions of reliability and validity be addressed? Will faculty maintain the commitment to an individualized method of assessment in times of decreasing resources and expanding responsibilities? PMID- 6566125 TI - Teaching writing and thinking skills. PMID- 6566126 TI - Writing a book proposal. PMID- 6566127 TI - Interaction between personal sleep-wake rhythms and psychiatric hospital rest activity schedule. AB - A sample of 35 psychiatric inpatients were matched on gender and psychiatric diagnosis with 35 psychiatric outpatients. Both groups were given the Self Assessment Questionnaire to Determine Morningness-Eveningness (Horne & Ostberg, 1976), and asked to record their sleep-wake patterns on a modified form of the Lewis and Masterton Sleep Chart (1957). The purpose was to explore the interactions between individual circadian rhythms of sleep and wakefulness and the hospital's rest-activity schedule. As hypothesized, inpatients slept less than outpatients (p = less than .05), but the mean total sleep time of evening types was not different from morning types. Circadian type was a good predictor of times of falling asleep and awakening for outpatients but not for inpatients, whose schedules appeared to be phase shifted by the hospital's rest-activity schedule. It was concluded that the theory of interacting rhythms guiding the study requires reformulation and that further research regarding the positive or negative effects of phase shifting is needed. PMID- 6566128 TI - The relationship between social support and self-care practices. AB - A two-study approach was used to investigate the relationship between individuals' perceived level of social support and their performance of specific, positive health practices. One sample consisted of 97 adults, age 55 and older, attending activities at a senior citizen's center. The second sample was comprised of adults attending a health fair. Subjects were surveyed using the Lifestyle Questionnaire and the Personal Resources Questionnaire. The primary study hypothesis--that a strong, positive association would be found between the social support and health practices variables--was upheld for both samples. A secondary hypothesis--that married participants would score significantly higher on both the social support and health practices instruments than would their nonmarried counterparts--was supported only among the senior center participants. An additional hypothesis generated for the senior center participants--that participants with a confidant would have significantly higher scores on both the social support and health practices instruments--was upheld. PMID- 6566129 TI - Promoting awareness: the mother and her baby. AB - This study considered the problem of how to increase a mother's awareness of her infant's behavior and her own behavior as a beginning step toward the promotion of quality interaction between mother and infant. The impact of informing 108 mothers of term infants and 32 mothers of preterm infants about: (a) neonatal interactive, motoric, state control, and response to stress behavior patterns; and (b) maternal behaviors to enhance and support infant behavior was tested with four groups. In describing the behavior that occurred during a feeding session, mothers in two treatment groups reported significantly more of their own behavior than that of their neonate. They more closely resembled the trained observers' report of the behavior than did mothers in two control groups. Recommendations include incorporating an educative treatment in plans of nursing care for mothers and infants and further research to determine the optimal timing and long-term effects of such an intervention. PMID- 6566131 TI - Effects of an undergraduate research course on cognitive development. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a research methods course on undergraduate nursing students' cognitive development, or reflective judgment, level. The sample was comprised of 50 volunteer, female senior nursing students at a public Western university; half were enrolled in a research course and half served as controls. A cognitive development measure, Reflective Judgment Interview (RJI), was administered to both groups prior to and after the course. Data were analyzed for baseline levels of reflective judgment and by two-way repeated measures ANOVA to determine whether there were significant differences in pre-post reflective judgment scores between experimental and control groups. Baseline cognitive development levels were in the middle ranges of the seven-stage Reflective Judgment Model (RJM). No significant differences in reflective judgment level were found. Statistically significant differences between groups were found on one component of the reflective judgment measure, suggesting a positive growth trend that may have resulted from the experimental intervention. PMID- 6566130 TI - Coping in hospitalized children: an analysis of published case studies. AB - This study examined the range of coping behaviors identified by the authors of 39 published case studies of hospitalized children age 20 months to 10 years and the pattern of coping revealed when the behaviors described in the published studies were analyzed according to the category system based on the Lazarus stress and coping paradigm. The behaviors reported in the case studies were subjected to a content analysis of the various labels attributed by the authors to the behaviors and then to a detailed content analysis according to the Type of Coping Behavior Category System. The range of labels of coping behavior used in the case studies showed that there had been no systematic and consistent approach to analysis of the children's coping strategies. The results of the analysis using the category system indicated that the coping strategies could be categorized in a systematic way. The pattern of coping revealed indicates that the system is sensitive to the influence of level of development. PMID- 6566132 TI - Re: Therapeutic touch. PMID- 6566133 TI - Temporal experience and bed rest: replication and refinement. AB - This study replicated two earlier studies that tested the theoretical proposition that man and environment are in continuous mutual and simultaneous interaction, and that temporal duration is related to activity, change, and processing of environmental information. The dependent variable, temporal duration, was measured by the productive judgment of a 40-second interval. The independent variables were two groups of auditory information and the experience of restfulness-tiredness. Two hypotheses were tested: Judgment of duration will be shorter for organized than for ambient auditory information and judgment of duration will be shorter for rested subjects than for tired subjects. The findings of the three studies add to the understanding of temporal experience as a dimension of the man-environment interchange. PMID- 6566135 TI - Testing for experimental effects in the pretest-posttest design. PMID- 6566134 TI - Use of a dental irrigating device in the treatment of decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6566136 TI - Data protection: a protection racket? PMID- 6566137 TI - Seaside accidents. Oh, we do like to be beside the seaside! PMID- 6566138 TI - Holistic nursing: an idea whose time has come? PMID- 6566139 TI - Smile, please! PMID- 6566140 TI - Your children's teeth: a multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 6566141 TI - Does good practice need good principles? One. PMID- 6566142 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6566143 TI - Establishing yourself as a manager. PMID- 6566144 TI - Planning the duty rota. Three. Change without co-operation. PMID- 6566145 TI - Renal nurse on call. PMID- 6566147 TI - Handling cytotoxics. PMID- 6566146 TI - A world apart. PMID- 6566148 TI - The uses of theories in nursing. PMID- 6566149 TI - Who should be the general manager? PMID- 6566150 TI - Systems of life No 115. Setting up the systems - 15. PMID- 6566151 TI - RCM supplement. Midwives where are you? PMID- 6566152 TI - RCM supplement. A flexible approach. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6566154 TI - RCM supplement. What happens now? PMID- 6566153 TI - RCM supplement. What shall we tell our students? PMID- 6566155 TI - RCM supplement. In search of the future. PMID- 6566156 TI - Hay fever: summer misery. PMID- 6566157 TI - Profile: 'The minister's midwife'. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6566158 TI - Test tube babies: the ethical dimension. PMID- 6566160 TI - The nurse's tale: RAF nurse. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6566159 TI - Hazards in the theatre complex. PMID- 6566161 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 6566162 TI - The great trouser mystery. PMID- 6566163 TI - Planning the duty rota. Four. Juggling the rota. PMID- 6566164 TI - The Islands: the Western Isles. PMID- 6566165 TI - Does good practice need good principles? Two. A challenge to psychiatry. PMID- 6566167 TI - Management development for nurse managers. PMID- 6566166 TI - A centre for nursing. PMID- 6566168 TI - Ethical dilemmas. One. Making a choice. PMID- 6566170 TI - A varied day. PMID- 6566169 TI - Problems of the ward manager. Five. Handling conflict. PMID- 6566171 TI - School nurses: spreading the gospel. Interview by Phil Cohen. PMID- 6566172 TI - Ethnic minorities: the vital link. PMID- 6566173 TI - Ethnic minorities: out in the cold. PMID- 6566174 TI - Cause for complaint. One. An unsuitable environment. PMID- 6566175 TI - Cause for complaint. The ombudsman. PMID- 6566176 TI - No smoke without fire. PMID- 6566177 TI - Intensive care. Two. Post-cardiotomy delirium. PMID- 6566178 TI - Intensive care. Three. Implementing the nursing process. PMID- 6566179 TI - Feelings about pain. PMID- 6566180 TI - Nursing in the Australian outback. PMID- 6566181 TI - Ethical dilemmas. Two. A study in resolutions. PMID- 6566182 TI - Planning the duty rota. Five. Oh, my aching head! PMID- 6566183 TI - Mental health nursing. PMID- 6566184 TI - Mental health nursing. The future training of psychiatric and general nurses. PMID- 6566185 TI - Mental health nursing. A student's view. PMID- 6566186 TI - Mental health nursing. The word wizard. PMID- 6566187 TI - Mental health nursing. Patient care under threat. PMID- 6566189 TI - How to pay as little rent as possible. PMID- 6566188 TI - Cry babies. PMID- 6566190 TI - Profile: Darling of the specialties. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6566191 TI - Television: down the tube? PMID- 6566192 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6566194 TI - Care in the community. PMID- 6566193 TI - A question of status. PMID- 6566195 TI - Volunteer nurses. Two. Resurrection of the VAD Club. PMID- 6566196 TI - Asthma--a support group. PMID- 6566198 TI - Responsibility for practice. PMID- 6566197 TI - Problems of the ward manager. Six. Delegation problems. PMID- 6566199 TI - The ombudsman: functions and jurisdiction. PMID- 6566200 TI - Intensive care. Four. Tracheal and tracheobronchial reconstruction: resection of malignant tissue. PMID- 6566201 TI - Talking it over. PMID- 6566202 TI - A few reflections. PMID- 6566203 TI - Mad dogs and Englishmen. PMID- 6566204 TI - Fresh opinions on Griffiths. PMID- 6566206 TI - From hospital to home, one. A framework for patient education. PMID- 6566205 TI - Celebrating a takeover: Thornton View. PMID- 6566207 TI - From hospital to home, two. Communication on discharge. PMID- 6566208 TI - From hospital to home, three. The yawning gap. PMID- 6566209 TI - Shattering the American dream. PMID- 6566210 TI - Radiation alert. PMID- 6566211 TI - Hospital cleaning contracts. PMID- 6566212 TI - DN's and the elderly after hospital discharge. PMID- 6566213 TI - Warnock. Science the servant. PMID- 6566214 TI - Catherine Hawkins: introducing the new look. Interview by Caroline Howie. PMID- 6566215 TI - Rules for midwives. PMID- 6566216 TI - Aspects of hearing. One. Physiology of the ear. PMID- 6566217 TI - A staff nurse in psychiatry. PMID- 6566218 TI - Helping people to stop smoking. One. A district nurse's campaign. PMID- 6566219 TI - Helping people to stop smoking. Two. An anti-smoking clinic. PMID- 6566220 TI - Care of the patient in a wedge turning frame. PMID- 6566221 TI - From hospital to home. Four. Change for the better? PMID- 6566222 TI - From hospital to home. Five. Communication on discharge. PMID- 6566223 TI - Breastfeeding problems. PMID- 6566224 TI - School phobia. PMID- 6566225 TI - Joining in the debate. PMID- 6566227 TI - Nursing in PHC: challenges and responses. PMID- 6566226 TI - Nursing in the next two decades. PMID- 6566228 TI - Nursing education for primary health care. PMID- 6566229 TI - A new decade in leprosy control. PMID- 6566230 TI - Nurses and primary health care. PMID- 6566231 TI - The independent role of nurses in health care. PMID- 6566233 TI - Diabetic patients: what takes them to hospital? PMID- 6566232 TI - Action now in family planning: the role of nurse. PMID- 6566234 TI - A brief for policy makers in developing countries: breast feeding versus bottle feeding. PMID- 6566235 TI - Report on hospitals and institutions in Karnataka. PMID- 6566237 TI - Nursing Mirror mental handicap forum. Overcoming practical problems: distress signals in profoundly handicapped children. PMID- 6566236 TI - Nursing Mirror mental handicap forum. Overcoming practical problems: periods of misery. PMID- 6566238 TI - The French connection. PMID- 6566239 TI - Nurses and mental health law. 1. At the sharp end. PMID- 6566240 TI - Payroll budget management. PMID- 6566241 TI - Not just a comely cyclist. PMID- 6566242 TI - Students and cancer. PMID- 6566243 TI - Friends for life. PMID- 6566244 TI - The UKCC column: now we are one. PMID- 6566245 TI - It is a challenge--not a bore. PMID- 6566246 TI - Education: on course. PMID- 6566247 TI - Education incomplete. PMID- 6566248 TI - Retirement can damage your health. PMID- 6566249 TI - Daughter victim. PMID- 6566250 TI - Nurses in society: breaking a taboo. PMID- 6566251 TI - Nurses and mental health law. 2. A remarkable Act. PMID- 6566252 TI - The personal touch. PMID- 6566254 TI - Process a tool of thought. PMID- 6566253 TI - Clinical waste. PMID- 6566255 TI - Nursing care study: the Falkirk-Glasgow connection. PMID- 6566256 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. Dealing with leg ulcers. PMID- 6566257 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. Dealing with leg ulcers: the clinging patient. PMID- 6566258 TI - Why the RCN is on the up and up. PMID- 6566260 TI - A shocking business. PMID- 6566259 TI - The examination that is the finals straw. PMID- 6566261 TI - Nurses and mental health law. 3. Psychopaths--who are they? PMID- 6566262 TI - A caring way to research. PMID- 6566264 TI - Counselling the counsellors. PMID- 6566263 TI - Our thankless lot. PMID- 6566265 TI - Music pulled them through. PMID- 6566266 TI - Professional problems investigated. PMID- 6566267 TI - Absence makes the heart grow colder. PMID- 6566268 TI - Life begins here. PMID- 6566269 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Elegance for pregnant mothers: 'They know what they're doing'. PMID- 6566270 TI - Would you merit such a daydream? PMID- 6566271 TI - Journey's end in Devon. PMID- 6566272 TI - Nurses and mental health law. 4. New holding powers. PMID- 6566273 TI - Careers series: control path. PMID- 6566274 TI - Games stewards play. PMID- 6566275 TI - Management: please send CV. PMID- 6566276 TI - Ear wax solvents. PMID- 6566277 TI - Iveson's opinion: health in South Africa. PMID- 6566278 TI - Doctors usurping midwives' role? PMID- 6566279 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurse Association Journal. 4. Evolution or revolution? Towards community living. PMID- 6566280 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses Association Journal. 4. Evolution or revolution? Quality or quantity? PMID- 6566281 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses Association Journal. 4. Evolution or revolution? An early start. PMID- 6566282 TI - Having a birth right at home. PMID- 6566283 TI - The nurse addict--a state of emotional bankruptcy? PMID- 6566284 TI - Careers series: doing it my way. PMID- 6566286 TI - Anatomy of the heart. PMID- 6566285 TI - Life and death in Lebanon. PMID- 6566287 TI - Health Authority report: spreading resources. PMID- 6566288 TI - British regional heart study. PMID- 6566289 TI - Nursing care study: the road to recovery. PMID- 6566290 TI - The inner power to heal by touch. PMID- 6566291 TI - Wanted--a policy for problem staff. PMID- 6566293 TI - Will I ever learn my lesson? PMID- 6566292 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Plastering in the 80s. PMID- 6566294 TI - Nurses and mental health law. 5. New treatment provisions. PMID- 6566295 TI - Should patients be told more? PMID- 6566296 TI - Equipped for the equipment? PMID- 6566297 TI - A career for all seasons. PMID- 6566298 TI - Careers series: was it the training? PMID- 6566299 TI - Community experience. PMID- 6566300 TI - A difficult Salmon leap. PMID- 6566301 TI - Nursing care study: confusional state. PMID- 6566302 TI - A softer option. PMID- 6566304 TI - Assessing health education. PMID- 6566303 TI - Admiration is a poor substitute for payment. PMID- 6566305 TI - The lure of the weed. PMID- 6566306 TI - Changing places and faces. PMID- 6566307 TI - Nurses and mental health law. 6. Detained patients and treatment. PMID- 6566308 TI - The essence of advanced nursing is being there. PMID- 6566309 TI - The vital spark. PMID- 6566310 TI - Education. Nursing workshop. PMID- 6566311 TI - Motley mishaps. PMID- 6566312 TI - Careers series. A valuable combination. PMID- 6566313 TI - Nurses in society. A cry for help. PMID- 6566314 TI - Colostomy irrigation. PMID- 6566315 TI - Putting nursing into management. PMID- 6566316 TI - Not suffering in vein. PMID- 6566317 TI - Nursing care study. Back payment. PMID- 6566318 TI - Nursing Mirror Clinical Forum: life with a stoma. PMID- 6566319 TI - Nursing Mirror Clinical Forum: life with a stoma. Focus on the elderly. PMID- 6566320 TI - Nursing Mirror Clinical Forum: life with a stoma. Inexpensive skin barrier. PMID- 6566321 TI - Nursing Mirror Clinical Forum: life with a stoma. Thriving with a stoma. PMID- 6566322 TI - Nursing Mirror Clinical Forum: life with a stoma. Keeping in touch. PMID- 6566323 TI - Nursing Mirror Clinical Forum: life with a stoma. Royal Marsden procedures. PMID- 6566324 TI - Just another body to be processed. PMID- 6566325 TI - Preparing for shared care. PMID- 6566326 TI - Nurses and mental health law 7. Short-term admission powers. PMID- 6566327 TI - What makes us tick? PMID- 6566328 TI - Education updated. PMID- 6566329 TI - Going down a one track road. PMID- 6566330 TI - Mind-body dualism. PMID- 6566331 TI - Towards a healthy nation. PMID- 6566332 TI - Instruments that measure coping. PMID- 6566333 TI - A nursing challenge: care of the patient undergoing percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. PMID- 6566334 TI - Coping with childhood cancer: an educational program for parents of children with cancer. PMID- 6566335 TI - Adolescent support groups in oncology. PMID- 6566336 TI - A comparison of nursing care requirements of patients on general medical-surgical units and on an oncology unit in a community hospital. PMID- 6566337 TI - A survey of cancer nursing research January 1975-June 1982. PMID- 6566338 TI - The effects of changing health care policy on cancer nursing. PMID- 6566339 TI - Information about radiation therapy. PMID- 6566340 TI - Communication, cooperation, collaboration: cornerstones for specialty achievement. PMID- 6566341 TI - Mara Mogensen Flaherty Memorial Lecture. The nurse as counselor. PMID- 6566342 TI - Conditionability of cancer chemotherapy patients. PMID- 6566343 TI - [Duty and responsibility]. PMID- 6566344 TI - [Work handbook for the local nurse (symbol Mz/Og-10)]. PMID- 6566345 TI - [Health--community circumstances and positive measures]. PMID- 6566346 TI - [Notes on the entrance exam]. PMID- 6566347 TI - [Sick leave of nurses]. PMID- 6566348 TI - [Berries are a source of vitamin C]. PMID- 6566349 TI - [Hospital in Luban]. PMID- 6566350 TI - [Closer to the patient]. PMID- 6566351 TI - [Reflexions on ourselves...]. PMID- 6566352 TI - [Let us remember once again...]. PMID- 6566353 TI - [Rehabilitation in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6566354 TI - [Keratomyosis and its treatment]. PMID- 6566355 TI - [Diagnosis and induction of ovulation]. PMID- 6566356 TI - [A glance at reality. A conversation with Katarzyna Koronka, M. Sc.--head nurse of Poland. Interview by Wanda Strzalkowska]. PMID- 6566357 TI - The approach to the acute joint and synovial fluid examination. AB - The cause of an acute arthritis can usually be determined on the basis of the history, physical examination, and evaluation of the synovial fluid. PMID- 6566358 TI - The role of the allied health professional in the treatment of arthritis. AB - Various aspects of the participation of allied health professionals (AHPs) in the management of rheumatic disease are described, including specific activities of AHPs, the process of referral, and criteria for evaluation of their effectiveness. PMID- 6566359 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis is a very common disease with potentially serious disability in patients of all ages. Therefore, early suspicion of the diagnosis, appropriately aggressive therapy, and close follow-up of patients are essential. PMID- 6566360 TI - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The nature and treatment of the three major types of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis--systemic, polyarticular, and pauciarticular--are presented. PMID- 6566362 TI - Infectious arthritis and osteomyelitis. AB - Awareness of the possibility of sepsis constitutes the single most important step needed to effectively diagnose and treat a bone or joint infection. Once suspected, the diagnosis can usually be confirmed by identification of the causative microorganism. Treatment can be curative but requires prompt use of appropriate antibiotics and adequate drainage to achieve optimal results, that is, the restoration of the preinfectious level of musculoskeletal function. PMID- 6566361 TI - Osteoarthritis. AB - Osteoarthritis is one of the oldest and most common forms of arthritis afflicting human beings. Once thought to be a result of normal aging, it is now recognized to be a complex and dynamic event. An individualized teaching program frequently brings about satisfactory relief and gratifying improvement. PMID- 6566363 TI - Collagen-vascular diseases. AB - Some of the collagen-vascular diseases and overlap syndromes included are polymyosititis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, and Raynaud's phenomenon. Because diagnosis and treatment can be complicated, primary care physicians may want to seek experienced consultation. PMID- 6566364 TI - The surgical treatment of the arthritic patient. AB - For the past several decades, the surgical approach to the arthritic patient has changed dramatically: no longer is the severely disabled arthritic patient left to a life of incapacitation and suffering. Today, the orthopedic surgeon's armamentarium includes procedures aimed not only at temporizing or arresting the early stages of inflammatory arthritis (synovectomy) but also more definitive and curative procedures such as osteotomy, arthrodesis, or total joint replacement. The most dramatic results, however, are achievable after total joint replacement. Through these techniques, patients previously considered too disabled to be rehabilitated can now be restored to useful pain-free lifestyles. The vast amount of research presently underway in the areas of more refined prosthetic designs and fabrications offers the promise of even more exciting and dramatic forms of treatment in the near future. PMID- 6566365 TI - IV morphine for relief of pain in children. PMID- 6566366 TI - Analgesic consultation. PMID- 6566367 TI - Facilitating nurse research in pain management. PMID- 6566368 TI - M.D. fails to communicate: R.N. dies of cancer. PMID- 6566369 TI - TB patient blinded by Rx: Nurse sued. Case in point: Base v. Barksdale (671 S.W. 2d 476--TN). PMID- 6566370 TI - Pts' welfare paramount: nurse terminated. Case in point: Millsap v. Eugene Care Center (682 P. 2d 795--OR). PMID- 6566371 TI - Pt. loses eye--nurse sued: history issue. PMID- 6566372 TI - 'Release of all claims': nurse sued. Case in point: McCullough v. Bethany Medical Center (683 P. 2d 1258--KA). PMID- 6566373 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. LA: injection: sciatic nerve damage. NY: controlled substances: license suspension. PMID- 6566374 TI - Nurse-midwife not at childbirth: contract issue. Case in point: Weiss v. Nurse Midwifery Associates (476 N.Y.S. 2d 984--NY). PMID- 6566375 TI - [How is the nurse introduced into his/her "space"?]. PMID- 6566376 TI - [The elderly and the realities of old age]. PMID- 6566378 TI - [Aniseed and its galactogenous effect (an experimental study)]. PMID- 6566377 TI - [The use of sugar in infected wounds]. PMID- 6566379 TI - [Methods in nursing care--a new system of health education]. PMID- 6566380 TI - [Nursing in a cooperative educational project in the city of Paranoa]. PMID- 6566381 TI - [Population of the state of the southern region of Brazil and social responsibility of nursing to the aged]. PMID- 6566382 TI - [Evaluation of a program of primary health care in a part-urban area]. PMID- 6566383 TI - [Factors contributing to early weaning]. PMID- 6566384 TI - [Nursing care to students. Introduction to the problem]. PMID- 6566385 TI - [Expectations of nursing staff in relation to nursing activities performed in a high-risk newborn care unit]. PMID- 6566387 TI - [The nursing process in community health as derived from Myra Levine's theory]. PMID- 6566386 TI - [Use of home-made whey in diarrheal diseases: a program of health promotion in lower Amazonas]. PMID- 6566388 TI - [Program of nursing assistance to clients with cardiovascular disorders in the outpatient clinic of a general and teaching hospital in Porte Alegre, RS]. PMID- 6566389 TI - [The nurse in the diagnosis of the nutritional status of preschool and school-age children using simplified measurements]. PMID- 6566390 TI - [Malnutrition--a problem of public health nursing--report of an experience]. PMID- 6566391 TI - [Open university and its applicability in nursing]. PMID- 6566393 TI - [Model of home visit planning]. PMID- 6566392 TI - [The value of significant experiences in learning: report of 2 experiences with hospitalized children]. PMID- 6566394 TI - [Research in maternal-child nursing]. PMID- 6566395 TI - [Restricted visiting to hospitalized children: a barrier to mother-child interaction]. PMID- 6566396 TI - [Collection of urine for culture]. PMID- 6566397 TI - Lung expansion in premature newborn rabbits treated with emulsified synthetic surfactant; principles for experimental evaluation of synthetic substitutes for pulmonary surfactant. AB - This paper presents a sequence of tests for experimental evaluation of potential substitutes for pulmonary surfactant. Differential thermal analysis and the pulsating bubble technique were applied to identify an emulsified mixture of synthetic lipids with properties similar to those of natural surfactant. Instilled into the airways of premature newborn rabbits, this emulsion improved pulmonary pressure-volume characteristics and enhanced lung-thorax compliance during artificial ventilation. However, the in vivo effect was inferior to that of natural surfactant, especially as the emulsion failed to prevent the development of bronchiolar epithelial lesions. PMID- 6566398 TI - Inside information. PMID- 6566400 TI - Enrolled for insecurity? PMID- 6566399 TI - Board games. PMID- 6566401 TI - Sharing through writing. PMID- 6566402 TI - What top-up for top nurses? PMID- 6566403 TI - [Cancer of the colon]. PMID- 6566404 TI - [Irrigation of colostomies]. PMID- 6566405 TI - [Colostomies: care, education, professional patient relations at the hospital]. PMID- 6566406 TI - [Duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6566407 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6566408 TI - [Functional tests of gastric and pancreatic secretions]. PMID- 6566409 TI - [The nurse faced with abdominal pain]. PMID- 6566410 TI - [Preoperative and postoperative nursing care of a surgical duodenal ulcer patient. Intervention: supraselective vagotomy]. PMID- 6566411 TI - [Two steps forward, three steps backwards, the nurses' tango]. PMID- 6566413 TI - [Becoming a professional nurse]. PMID- 6566412 TI - [From knowledge to comprehension]. PMID- 6566414 TI - [Trigeminal neuralgia]. PMID- 6566415 TI - [Children of migrants of the second generation]. PMID- 6566416 TI - [Acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6566417 TI - [Clothing for recent abdominal surgery patients]. PMID- 6566418 TI - [Hospace one]. PMID- 6566419 TI - [Freedom of speech]. PMID- 6566420 TI - [The Association of Paraplegics of France wants to publicize: the demands of appliance users]. PMID- 6566421 TI - [Nursing and unwholesomeness]. PMID- 6566422 TI - [Nursing research and its application in the community]. PMID- 6566423 TI - [Approach to caring]. PMID- 6566424 TI - [Nurse-patient interpersonal relations]. PMID- 6566425 TI - [Reflections on a note published in Informativo Paulista: nurses interested in ethics, history and legislation]. PMID- 6566426 TI - [Evaluation of psychomotor skills in nursing: basis to the construction of an instrument]. PMID- 6566427 TI - [Program 'Reach to Recovery']. PMID- 6566428 TI - [What the nurse can do for the health of children in Brazil]. PMID- 6566429 TI - [Transformation of nutrients by the action of heat]. PMID- 6566430 TI - [Decentralization of specimen collection for the improvement of nursing care]. PMID- 6566431 TI - [Immunization and decrease in mortality of acute poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6566433 TI - [The Day of the Nurse in Madrid, Barcelona and Gerona]. PMID- 6566432 TI - [Radiology of the heart and its different projections]. PMID- 6566434 TI - [A week in Madrid. Toward improved care]. PMID- 6566435 TI - [Nursing, health and freedom in Barcelona. 1. Nursing forever]. PMID- 6566436 TI - [Nursing, health and freedom in Barcelona. 2. Against professional monopoly]. PMID- 6566437 TI - [Nursing, health and freedom in Barcelona. 3. Patriarchal health and nursing]. PMID- 6566438 TI - [Nursing, health and freedom in Barcelona. 4. The health of freedom]. PMID- 6566439 TI - [Nursing, health and freedom in Barcelona. 5. The ultimate will be engineers]. PMID- 6566440 TI - [Nursing role. Inaugural address of the First Nursing Meeting, Central Hospital of the Red Cross. Madrid]. PMID- 6566441 TI - [Cancer and psychology. II. First Meeting of Oncological Psychology]. PMID- 6566442 TI - [The little miracle known as intraocular lenses]. PMID- 6566443 TI - The part-time scholars. PMID- 6566444 TI - What will you do with your life? PMID- 6566445 TI - Speaking out and being listened to. PMID- 6566446 TI - Working the system: how RNs can solve some of their own work-related problems. PMID- 6566447 TI - The New Frontier. PMID- 6566448 TI - The science of nursing: why is nursing research important? PMID- 6566449 TI - The Hamilton experience. PMID- 6566450 TI - A summary of "RNAO's Response to Questions Raised by the Review Team: Health Professions Legislation Review, June, 1984. PMID- 6566451 TI - Report on entry practice: preparing for the future. PMID- 6566453 TI - [Primperan]. PMID- 6566452 TI - In search of Salmonella's smoking gun. PMID- 6566454 TI - [Medical emergencies on board commercial aircraft. Role of flight personnel and contributions of passengers who are physicians]. PMID- 6566455 TI - [Psychological approach to passengers during an aircraft flight]. PMID- 6566456 TI - [Role of air transport in the epidemiology of communicable diseases]. PMID- 6566458 TI - [Aircraft convoying officers: both nurses and flying staff]. PMID- 6566457 TI - [Physiologic constraints imposed on commercial airline flights]. PMID- 6566459 TI - [Di-hydan]. PMID- 6566460 TI - [Mental disorders in amourous states]. PMID- 6566461 TI - [Do sexual perversions exist?]. PMID- 6566462 TI - [Paraphilias or perversions (sadomasochism excluded)]. PMID- 6566463 TI - [Behavioral approach to sexual dysfunction]. PMID- 6566464 TI - [Trial concerning 100 male alcoholics with sexual dysfunction]. PMID- 6566465 TI - [Narcoanalysis and psychotherapy under subanesthesia]. PMID- 6566466 TI - [A therapeutic trip to the farm of Champ Raphael]. PMID- 6566467 TI - [Those girls who are not girls]. PMID- 6566468 TI - [Sex behavior in the mentally retarded]. PMID- 6566469 TI - [New radiologic technics in gynecology and obstetrics in 1984]. PMID- 6566470 TI - [Role of the obstetric-gynecologic nurse overseas]. PMID- 6566471 TI - [Technical instruction of BCG vaccination]. PMID- 6566472 TI - [Regulation of births in Africa]. PMID- 6566474 TI - [Sore throat in childhood]. PMID- 6566473 TI - [Obstetrical anesthesia and recovery in Africa. Monitoring and nursing care]. PMID- 6566475 TI - [Ovarian cysts: complementary studies]. PMID- 6566476 TI - [Planning of care in ovarian cysts. Treatments]. PMID- 6566477 TI - [Cancers of the ovary]. PMID- 6566478 TI - [Cancers of the ovary. Detection, studies, pre and postoperative care]. PMID- 6566479 TI - [Anatomy and physiology of the ovaries]. PMID- 6566480 TI - [Cyanosis in the newborn infant. Principal congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 6566481 TI - [Neonatal respiratory distress]. PMID- 6566482 TI - [Neonatal convulsions]. PMID- 6566483 TI - [Resuscitation of the newborn infant in the delivery room]. PMID- 6566484 TI - [Classification of ovarian cysts]. PMID- 6566485 TI - [Hyaline membrane disease: study of a case. Nursing team of the resuscitation service of Trousseau Hospital]. PMID- 6566486 TI - [Important times for the adaptation of the child during the duration of institutionalization]. PMID- 6566487 TI - [Clinical aspects of ovarian cysts. Diagnosis]. PMID- 6566489 TI - Why lobbyists get gray: Bill affecting authority of licensing boards is 'hot issue'.. PMID- 6566488 TI - [Special clinical forms of ovarian cysts]. PMID- 6566490 TI - [Changes in the indicators of the fibrinolytic and kallikrein-kinin systems in patients with calculous pyelonephritis]. AB - A total of 48 patients with calculous pyelonephritis were examined before and after surgery. A study was made of the fibrinolytic system (according to the status of XIIa kallikrein-dependent fibrinolysis, lysis of the plasma clots and euglobulin lysis) and of the kallikrein-kinin system of the plasma (according to kallikrein activity, kininogen content, kininase activity, spontaneous esterase activity and prekallikrein content). The patients with calculos pyelonephritis demonstrated KKS activation and fibrinolysis reduction related to both the lowering of the activator levels and elevation of antiplasmin levels, which in turn created the risk of thrombophilia in this group of patients. PMID- 6566491 TI - Expanding the educational process: extra-curricular activities and clubs. PMID- 6566492 TI - Performance evaluations: a guide for nurses. Pamphlet no. 7 of a series on nurse employment relations. PMID- 6566493 TI - A perspective on nursing education. PMID- 6566494 TI - Seeing ourselves--as others see us. PMID- 6566495 TI - The nurse as an expert witness. PMID- 6566496 TI - Sports medicine. PMID- 6566497 TI - A new method of kidney stone retrieval. PMID- 6566498 TI - [Kallikrein-kinin system of blood and microelement metabolism in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease during complex treatment including orcomin]. PMID- 6566499 TI - Speaking for the elderly. PMID- 6566500 TI - Breast feeding: a challenge for midwives. PMID- 6566502 TI - The patient who fell through the cracks. PMID- 6566501 TI - [Changes in the resistance behavior of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin and tetracycline under the direct effect of antimicrobial chemotherapy]. PMID- 6566504 TI - Reactions to blood transfusions. PMID- 6566503 TI - Cocaine. PMID- 6566505 TI - A sound method for testing children's hearing. PMID- 6566506 TI - Clearing impacted ears. PMID- 6566507 TI - Breast cancer. The treatment evolution. PMID- 6566508 TI - Breast cancer. The hormone factor. PMID- 6566509 TI - Sensations after mastectomy. PMID- 6566510 TI - Breast cancer. Stress points. PMID- 6566511 TI - Breast cancer. Prognosis with pregnancy. PMID- 6566512 TI - Defibrillating pacemaker patients. PMID- 6566513 TI - Don't fence me in. PMID- 6566514 TI - A hard look at quality care. PMID- 6566515 TI - IV morphine for children. PMID- 6566516 TI - Working in a nursing home. PMID- 6566517 TI - Addictions and psychological dysfunctions in nursing: the profession's response to the problem. PMID- 6566518 TI - From ritual to reason--with a rational approach for the future: an epidemiologic perspective. Fifth Annual Carole DeMille lecture. PMID- 6566519 TI - A national task analysis of infection control practitioners, 1982. Part Three: The relationship between hospital size and tasks performed. AB - One aspect of the Certification Board of Infection Control's (CBIC) task analysis survey was to determine those tasks done most frequently and considered most important by ICPs. A randomized stratified sample of ICPs was taken from U.S. hospitals of various bed-size categories. There were 473 responses (78.8%) from a targeted sample of 600 ICPs. Statistical analyses were done to find if a relationship existed between hospital size and the tasks performed. The frequency of performance and importance of the majority of infection control tasks studied were found to vary in relation to hospital size. Some tasks were found to be both important and frequently performed by the majority of ICPs in all hospital bed size categories. These included performing and reporting epidemiologic surveillance, educating personnel, developing infection control policies and procedures, and consulting with hospital personnel. Other tasks were found to be relatively less important and infrequently performed by the majority of ICPs in all hospital bed-size categories. These included performing bedside patient care procedures, recommending specific antimicrobial therapy, and using statistical methods. The greatest differences in the performance of tasks were found in the subsample of the ICPs from hospitals with less than or equal to 100 beds. PMID- 6566520 TI - Process surveillance: auditing infection control policies and procedures. AB - The infection control team in a university hospital designed, implemented, and evaluated a program to audit infection control policies. Process surveillance techniques of observation and monitoring were used during surveys of patient care areas to evaluate infection control practices. Nineteen unit surveys have been completed in a 2-year period. Analysis of the program has demonstrated it to be an effective method to determine compliance with infection control policies. PMID- 6566521 TI - Effect of intensive care unit nosocomial pneumonia on duration of stay and mortality. PMID- 6566522 TI - Enterobacter cloacae-contaminated cardioplegic solution. Discovery and eradication of a pharmacy reservoir. PMID- 6566523 TI - Political activities gain visibility for ANA. PMID- 6566524 TI - Code offers guidance to nurses in private practice. PMID- 6566525 TI - Strike showed concern for quality care, writer says. PMID- 6566526 TI - RN helps sexually abused children with art therapy. PMID- 6566527 TI - Nurses discuss what certification means for practice. PMID- 6566528 TI - Career variety, opportunity attract students. PMID- 6566529 TI - NLRB ruling on RN units may complicate organizing efforts. PMID- 6566530 TI - It's time to make the invisible nurse visible. PMID- 6566531 TI - Nursing home job leads NSNA President to career. PMID- 6566532 TI - Notable nurses, friends offer advice to graduates. PMID- 6566533 TI - OR nursing in the future. Impact of projected demographics. AB - Implications of these population factors for operating room nursing are summarized as follows. Continued need for obstetric-related surgery throughout this decade and into the 21st century. Continued need for multilingual skills to care for non-English speaking individuals and continued need for sensitivity by health care professionals to other cultural norms with regard to illness and treatment. Increasing number of older adults needing perioperative care. Increasing use of surgery common to older adults. Continued pressure to reduce costs of care. Operating room nurses can ask several questions to discover demographic trends affecting their hospitals and areas. What is the age profile of patients in the health care facility? What are the patients' geographical origins? What percent of that population is served by the health care facility? What are the population trends in the geographical area from which they draw their patients? age proportions over time, fertility rate, migration trends, mortality rates over time, life expectancy What proportion of the hospital days are used by elderly? What is the rate per 1,000 for surgery among the elderly? Answers to these questions will give OR nurses the basis for anticipating change and planning to meet that change in their perioperative areas. PMID- 6566534 TI - Lessons learned in a preceptorship are from both sides. PMID- 6566535 TI - Anxiety in surgical patients' families. AB - The purpose of this field experimental study was to test these hypotheses. Videotaped preoperative information directed specifically toward surgical patients' families would reduce their state anxiety during the patients' hospitalization. Informative and supportive staff interaction with family members would increase their perception of support from the nursing staff. A combination of the above would reduce the family members' state anxiety and increase perceived support from the nurse more effectively than either of the above actions would singly. The subjects were 67 family members of 60 patients scheduled for major elective surgery. Anxiety was measured by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and perceived social support was measured by a modified version of Caplan's Social Support Index. The two experimental treatments were fully crossed in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Correlational methods were also used for data analysis. Findings in this study showed that videotaped preoperative information decreased state anxiety in family members of surgical patients, staff family interaction had a positive effect on the family's perceived support from the nurse, and family member state anxiety scores were higher during the intraoperative period than during the postoperative period. PMID- 6566537 TI - Considerations in establishing an ethics committee. AB - As patient advocates, nurses are in an excellent position to stimulate development of ethics committees and to participate actively on committees to assure a forum for reasoned discussion of issues where important values are often at stake. Ethical issues in patient care are not going to go away and are receiving more attention with increased competition and cost containment. While it is a generally accepted principle that cost should never be the sole determinant of patient care decisions, this is occurring where decisions have been made without discussing the ethical aspects of cut-back policy decisions. Institutional ethics committees have the potential for protecting patients' interests and welfare and assuring that reasoned, fair decisions are made for those unable to decide for themselves. Such institutional mechanisms may prevent government intrusion in patient care decisions and assure that recourse to courts is a last resort. Nurses play an important role in helping to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of institutional ethics committees. PMID- 6566536 TI - Rigid endoscopes. Part II. Telescopes, light cables, light sources. PMID- 6566538 TI - Benefits of alcohol rediscovered. PMID- 6566539 TI - Rigid endoscopes. Part III. Cables, loops, sheaths, forceps, and scissors. PMID- 6566540 TI - Surgery progress reports. Support for cardiac surgery patients' families. PMID- 6566541 TI - Ambulatory surgery. Its origins, its present state, and its future direction. PMID- 6566542 TI - When is the RN first assistant practicing within the scope of nursing? PMID- 6566543 TI - The nurse and the law: what the nurse saw. PMID- 6566544 TI - Paracetamol overdose and its treatment. PMID- 6566545 TI - The meaning of nursing theory. PMID- 6566546 TI - Stress in a neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 6566547 TI - Infant restraint in motor car: a revealing survey among mothers. PMID- 6566548 TI - Nursing homes: how the funding system ignores quality of life. PMID- 6566550 TI - Modified primary nursing to match staff realities. PMID- 6566549 TI - The nurse and the law: against their will. PMID- 6566551 TI - Therapeutic touch: its effects on the depressed elderly. PMID- 6566552 TI - Getting the public involved in the tertiary change. PMID- 6566553 TI - The parent connection: self-help for families of chronically-ill children. PMID- 6566554 TI - Equal pay for nurses? PMID- 6566555 TI - The agony of the R.A.N. Is this nursing's hardest job? PMID- 6566556 TI - The need to work together to succeed in breaking the nursing mould. PMID- 6566558 TI - Continuous assessment: some structural considerations. PMID- 6566557 TI - Nurse and the law. What the nurse saw. PMID- 6566559 TI - Crisis intervention--the myth of expertise. PMID- 6566560 TI - Get on top of your income tax. PMID- 6566561 TI - Duty and conscience. PMID- 6566562 TI - A student's view of an "archaic system crumbling under staff shortages". PMID- 6566563 TI - Australian nurses' political participation. PMID- 6566564 TI - The elderly confused patient. PMID- 6566565 TI - For children oxygen therapy without tears. PMID- 6566567 TI - Nurse & the law. Most heinous of crimes. 1. PMID- 6566566 TI - Crisis intervention--the myth of expertise. 2. PMID- 6566568 TI - Protein synthesis in rat lung. Measurements in vivo based on leucyl-tRNA and rapidly turning-over procollagen I. AB - The relationships of the specific radioactivities of leucine in serum, leucine acylated to tRNA and leucine in procollagen I, procollagen III and total protein in lungs of unanaesthetized young male rats in vivo were assessed as a function of time during constant intravenous infusion of radiolabelled leucine. The specific radioactivity of free leucine in plasma reached a steady-state plateau value within 30 min of initiation of [3H]leucine infusion. Leucine acylated to tRNA isolated from lungs had the same specific radioactivity as free serum leucine. Leucine in procollagen I rapidly achieved a specific radioactivity equal to that of serum leucine and leucyl-tRNA, indicating that serum leucine and leucyl-tRNA isolated from total lung were in rapid equilibrium with the precursor leucine pool for procollagen I synthesis. On the basis of leucyl-tRNA or free serum leucine as the precursor, half-times of fractional conversion of procollagen I and III were calculated as 9 and 38 min respectively. The incorporation of leucine into mixed lung proteins calculated from the tracer studies was 6.8 mumol/day for the first 30 min of the infusion, after which the calculated rate increased to 15.0 mumol/day. This apparent increase correlated with the appearance of rapidly labelled plasma proteins trapped in the lungs. On the basis of short infusions lasting 30 min or less, followed by vascular perfusion of the lung, the average fractional synthesis rate of mixed pulmonary proteins in young male rats was 20%/day. PMID- 6566569 TI - Purification to apparent homogeneity of inactive kallikrein from rat urine. AB - Inactive kallikrein was purified from rat urine by a procedure including ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE cellulose chromatography, phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B chromatography, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-75 columns. The resulting preparation was essentially homogeneous, as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This preparation migrated as a single protein band on a SDS-polyacrylamide gel and the molecular weight was 41000. The purified material underwent marked activation by trypsin, but not by deoxycholate, Triton X-100, SDS or acidification. These results indicate that the purified inactive kallikrein is the precursor rather than a complex with a substance binding to the active form of kallikrein. PMID- 6566570 TI - Protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes: requirements for Met-tRNAf . 40S preinitiation complex formation with AUG-codon and physiological mRNAs. AB - Under standard conditions, in the presence of GTP, highly purified eIF-2 and Co eIF-2 factor preparations efficiently stimulated AUG-codon dependent but not physiological mRNA-dependent Met-tRNAf binding to 40S ribosomes. Replacement of GTP by a nonhydrolyzable GTP analog, GMP-PNP, in the above system, gave significant stimulation of Met-tRNAf binding to 40S ribosomes dependent on physiological mRNAs. Lower but significant stimulation of Met-tRNAf binding to 40S ribosomes was also observed when GTP was used in the presence of nucleoside 5'-diphosphate kinase (NDK) and ATP. ATP alone in the absence of NDK had no significant effect. This is the first report on the formation of a stable Met tRNAf . 40S initiation complex dependent on physiological mRNAs and the factor requirements for such complex formation. PMID- 6566571 TI - Immunospecific binding of tRNA precursors containing N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine. AB - Antibodies specific for N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl) adenosine (i6A) were immobilized on Sepharose and this adsorbent (Sepharose-anti-i6A) was used to selectively isolate bacteriophage T4 tRNA precursors containing i6A/ms2i6A from an unfractionated population of 32P-labeled T4 RNAs. The results showed that antibodies to i6A selectively bound only those tRNA precursors containing i6A/ms2i6A. Binding of tRNA precursors by antibody and specificity of the binding was assessed by membrane binding using 32P-labeled tRNA precursor. Binding was highly specific for i6A/ms2i6A residues in the tRNA precursors. This binding can be used to separate modified from unmodified precursor RNAs and to study the biosynthetic pathways of tRNA precursors. PMID- 6566572 TI - Substrate specificity of a new alkaline elastase from an alkalophilic bacillus. AB - The substrate specificity of alkaline elastase from alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Ya B was studied by using a number of synthetic substrates. From the relative hydrolysis rate for p-nitrophenyl esters and t-butoxycarbonyl-L-Phe-L-Arg(NO2)-X L-Phe-p-nitroanilide (X = L-Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, and Gly), the subsite S1 and S2 were concluded to be specific for L-alanine and glycine. The alkaline elastase rapidly hydrolyzed elastase specific substrate succinyl-L-Ala3-p-nitroanilide and succinyl-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Ala-p-nitroanilide. These results prompted us to characterize our enzyme as a microbial elastase. Inhibition study with carbobenzoxy-L-Phe-chloromethyl ketone (ZPCK), Z-L-Ala-L-Phe-CK (ZAPCK), Z-L-Ala Gly-L-Phe-CK (ZAGPCK), and kinetic study with succimyl-L-Ala2(3)-p-nitroanilide revealed that the enzyme has at least four subsites. PMID- 6566573 TI - Episiotomy: effects of a research protocol on clinical practice. PMID- 6566574 TI - Outcomes of a rural Sonoma County home birth practice: 1976-1982. PMID- 6566575 TI - Quantity, quality, and money: still more on veteran childbirth educators. PMID- 6566576 TI - Isolation and characterization of two forms of Met-tRNAf deacylase from rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. AB - We have separated and purified two forms of Met-tRNAf deacylase (or two separate enzymes), an activity that mediates in part the suppression of polypeptide chain initiation that occurs in heme deficiency or with double-stranded RNA, 1000-fold from the 0.5 M KCl wash of rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes. Deacylase I is a minor activity with an S20,w of 5.9, D20,w of 4.9 and Mr of 110 000, while deacylase II is the major activity with an S20,w of 3.3, D20,w of 7.1 and Mr of 43 000. Both convert crude reticulocyte or pure yeast, wheat germ, and E. coli [35S]Met-tRNAf to [35S]methionine and tRNAfMet and have no effect on reticulocyte [35S]fMet tRNAf, [3H]Ala-tRNA or [3H]Lys-tRNA. However, while deacylase I has similar activity throughout the pH range of 6.1-8.1, deacylase II has a sharp pH optimum at 7.9 and is almost completely inactive at 6.1. In addition, deacylase II shows a much greater affinity for pure Met-tRNAf than deacylase I (Km of 1.5-3 nM vs. 100 nM), and, while deacylase II is selectively inhibited by tRNAfMet, deacylase I is inhibited similarly by any added tRNA. PMID- 6566577 TI - Isolation of tissue kallikrein in rat spleen by monoclonal antibody-affinity chromatography. AB - Rat spleen kallikrein was identified and purified by DEAE-cellulose and monoclonal antibody-affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme has Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity and kinin-releasing activity from a purified low-molecular weight kininogen substrate. In the direct radioimmunoassay for tissue kallikrein, the splenic enzyme displays parallelism with standard curves of rat urinary kallikrein. The pH profiles of the Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activities of spleen and urinary kallikrein were identical with optima at 9.0. Rat spleen kallikrein was inhibited strongly by aprotinin and affinity-purified kallikrein antibody and weakly by soybean trypsin inhibitor. The IC50 values were similar to those observed against rat urinary kallikrein. Neither the urinary nor the splenic enzyme was inhibited by lima bean trypsin inhibitor or preimmune serum immunoglobulins. Spleen kallikrein was labeled with [14C]diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and visualized by fluorography on a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. The electrophoretic mobility of the splenic enzyme was indistinguishable from that of urinary kallikrein A with an estimated Mr of approx. 38 000. With Western blot analyses using a rabbit anti-kallikrein antibody followed by 125I-labeled protein A binding, the spleen and urinary kallikreins were again visualized at identical positions by autoradiography. The data show that there is a rat splenic tissue kallikrein which is indistinguishable from a renal kallikrein with respect to physicochemical properties, immunological character and susceptibility to inhibitors. PMID- 6566579 TI - The Summer Games. PMID- 6566578 TI - [Availability of DNP-modified 5'- and 3'-ends of the poly(U) fragment bound to the 30S ribosomal subunit for interaction with antibodies]. AB - Modification of the 5'- or 3'-terminal nucleotide residues of poly(U) by dinitrophenyl haptens was carried out. The accessibility of the modified ends of short poly(U) (20-70 nucleotide residues) bound to the 30S subunit of E. coli ribosomes for the interaction with antibodies that are specific against the dinitrophenyl group, was investigated. Some peculiarities of the structural organization of the "entry" (3'-end) and "exit" (5'-end) sites of the template polynucleotide on the 30S subunit and the possibility of the template polynucleotide folding on the ribosome are discussed. PMID- 6566580 TI - Starting your own small business. PMID- 6566581 TI - You mean a nurse owns this company? PMID- 6566582 TI - Anorexia nervosa: a nursing perspective. PMID- 6566583 TI - Anorexia--the "diet" that kills. PMID- 6566584 TI - Anorexia nervosa--developing a plan in 24 hours. PMID- 6566585 TI - Gentle birth: childbirth at Pithiviers, France. PMID- 6566587 TI - Nursing care during labor. PMID- 6566586 TI - Birth attendants: another choice. PMID- 6566588 TI - A nursing log. PMID- 6566590 TI - Care of the normal neonate. PMID- 6566589 TI - Early obstetrical discharge: a program that works. PMID- 6566591 TI - Helping nurses become better patient educators. PMID- 6566592 TI - The nursing care plan dilemma: suggestions for resolution. PMID- 6566593 TI - Do you sleep the night before clinical? PMID- 6566594 TI - Expressed concerns of adult cancer patients' family members. PMID- 6566595 TI - Oncology nurses' attitudes toward cancer treatment and survival. PMID- 6566596 TI - Cancer: pericardial effusion and tamponade. PMID- 6566597 TI - Stress and cancer: a review of the literature. PMID- 6566598 TI - Altered cell growth in cancer and the nursing implications. PMID- 6566599 TI - Cancer nursing and the law. Hospital corporate liability--Part II. PMID- 6566600 TI - Programmed instruction: cancer care. Cancer prevention and detection. Colorectal cancer. PMID- 6566601 TI - Muramyl dipeptide is a powerful potentiator of the antitumor action of various tumor-necrotizing agents. AB - The previously observed potentiation of necrosis and regression of solid immunogenic Meth A sarcoma transplants in mice after IV administration of endotoxin by addition of muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in saline was investigated further by varying time and route of administration of both agents. Equal potentiation was observed when MDP was administered 4 h before or after endotoxin, but administration 48 h or 24 h before or 24 h after endotoxin had no effect. Simultaneous administration of both agents enhanced tumor damage considerably, regardless of the route of administration of either agent. A strong potentiation of necrosis and regression was also observed upon addition of MDP to concanavalin A, poly I:C or poly A:U and, to a lesser degree, to a radio detoxified endotoxin, purified L cell interferon, or Propionibacterium acnes. No consistent relationship could be seen between the degree of potentiation of necrosis and of regression. It was suggested that distinct mechanisms underlie the augmenting action of MDP on necrosis and regression and that enhanced production and/or action of vasoactive agents might play a role in the potentiation of necrosis. Whether the capacity of MDP to stimulate specific and nonspecific immune defense is involved in the enhancement of tumor regression remains uncertain at present. PMID- 6566602 TI - Protein A-binding immunosuppressive mouse serum factors. AB - In this study protein A of Staphylococcus aureus has been used to isolate an immunosuppressive component present in mouse serum. The suppressive effect of mouse serum on lymphocyte activation was partially abrogated by prior adsorption on protein A, and also by ammonium sulfate precipitation or specific immune precipitation with anti-IgG but not with anti-IgM. Protein A-binding material was isolated after chromatography on protein A-Sepharose and studied in spleen cell cultures. Protein A eluates from normal or NZB/NZW mice were found to suppress concanavalin A (Con A)-activated normal mouse spleen cells, and suppression was more potent with NZB/NZW serum isolates. Suppressive activity was dependent upon the dose of eluate added to cell cultures. The suppressive effect of NZB/NZW protein A-binding material was apparent in both Con A- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated normal mouse spleen cells, and required early addition to the cell cultures or preincubation with target lymphocytes. The suppressive activity was not detectably cytotoxic during a suppressive preincubation period. The possible relevance of these observations to experimental strategies in tumor immunotherapy is discussed. PMID- 6566603 TI - Chemical xenogenization of murine lymphoma cells with triazene derivatives: immunotoxicological studies. AB - Equitoxic doses of 5-(3-3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) and aryl-triazene derivatives (compounds all capable of inducing a marked increase in murine tumor cell immunogenicity) were studied for their effects on the host immune system. At different times after drug exposure the animals were tested for allograft responses, competence in producing lymphocytes active in lethal graft versus-host disease, delayed-type hypersensitivity, humoral antibody production, and mitogen responsiveness. While some of the aryl-triazenes tested (DM-COOK DM NO2) showed a pattern of immunodepression similar to that of DTIC, others were less (MIC, MM-COOK, MM-Cl) or far less (DM-Cl, MM-NO2) active than DTIC in impairing host immunocompetence, although all retained or even augmented their ability to induce chemical xenogenization. PMID- 6566604 TI - Far East expedition. PMID- 6566605 TI - [Nursing science seminars: case study series. No.1, Part 1. Through interactions with a 10-year-old boy who experienced death of his friend in a hospital]. PMID- 6566606 TI - [Nursing science seminar: case study series. No.1, Part 2. Comment on the report]. PMID- 6566607 TI - [Nursing science seminar: case study series. No.1, Part 3. Discussion on the interactions with a boy who experienced death of his friend in a hospital]. PMID- 6566608 TI - [Emergencies and care--communication through No.119, the emergency number. A discussion]. PMID- 6566609 TI - [Analysis of the personality and humanity of young, modern nurses--in the study of humanistic development associated with basic nursing education]. PMID- 6566610 TI - [Maximal expiratory flow-volume curves (MEFV) in workers exposed to cement dust]. PMID- 6566611 TI - Similarities between human and rat leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. AB - Rat is a likely test animal for determining the efficacy of proteinase inhibitor drugs directed toward human leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. We therefore sought to assess and compare relevant properties of both human and rat leukocyte elastase and cathepsin G. Some differences between the pairs of proteinases from the two species were found, however both pairs of enzymes displayed comparable specificity toward various natural (plant and animal) proteinase inhibitors and also toward specific peptide substrates and a serine proteinase-specific reagent. Such overlapping specificity implies similarity of reactive center topography and sequence homology around the extended substrate/inhibitor binding regions of these proteinases. This apparent homology leads us to conclude that a pharmacologically effective inhibitor of leukocyte proteinases in the rat would probably also be effective in man. PMID- 6566612 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical modifications of rabbit arteries induced by immunization with soluble elastin peptides. AB - Immunization of rabbits with soluble elastin peptides (kappa 1-elastin) in complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in morphological and biochemical modifications in aorta and in lung arterioles. The elastic fibers of both tissues appeared fragmented at the light microscopical and ultrastructural levels. The presence of IgG at the site of lysed elastic fibers could be evidenced by immunological techniques. In agreement with these findings, a significantly increased elastase-type protease activity could be demonstrated in aorta extracts from the immunized animals as compared to those obtained from control animals. The biosynthetic activities of aorta explants of rabbits immunized with kappa 1 elastin maintained in organ culture conditions were considerably reduced, as shown by the decrease of incorporation of [14C]lysine and [14C]glucosamine in aorta macromolecules. These results show that anti-elastin antibodies may well be involved in the pathological modifications of the arterial wall and especially in the triggering of the degradation of elastic lamellae. PMID- 6566613 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory preparations on blood plasma kallikrein and the biological effects of bradykinin]. AB - A study was made of the effects of voltaren, naproxen, flurbiprophen and ibuprophen comparatively to those of acetylsalicylic acid, butadion and indomethacin on the reactions of kininogenesis and biological effects of bradykinin. It was found that in therapeutic concentrations (10(-6)-10(-2) M), the drugs do not inhibit BAEE-esterase activity but nonspecifically inhibit (with the exception of flurbiprophen and butadion) the kininogenase activity of the highly purified human blood plasma kallikrein. A good agreement was discovered in rats between the anti-inflammatory action and protective effect of the drugs on the toxicity of the kininogenesis stimulant, cellulose sulfate. When administered in effective concentrations and doses these drugs exerted an unmarked inhibitory effect on the degree of the spasmogenous and microcirculatory reactions to exogenous bradykinin. PMID- 6566614 TI - The major androgen-dependent protease in dog prostate belongs to the kallikrein family: confirmation by partial amino acid sequencing. AB - Canine prostate fluids and seminal plasma contain a major androgen-dependent protein which was identified as a proteolytic enzyme exhibiting an Arg-esterase activity. This protease, as characterized, is shown to be present as a two-chain structure held together by at least one disulfide bridge and composed of approximately 220 amino acids. Amino acid sequence determination of both chains has revealed a clear homology to other known amino acid sequences of serine proteases. Furthermore, the comparison of the presented 58 amino acids of the Arg esterase with the other sequences revealed a very strong homology (larger than 50%) to members of the kallikrein family. The two chain structure could thus result from autolysis of a single chain enzyme in the 'kallikrein autolysis loop'. Amino acid composition of the canine prostatic enzyme suggests that it is related, but not identical, to pancreatic canine kallikrein. PMID- 6566615 TI - GTP interacts with the gamma-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2. AB - Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2 is an oligomeric protein consisting of three different subunits. During initiation of protein synthesis eIF-2 interacts with GTP, Met-tRNAf and 40 S ribosomal subunit. By affinity labeling with a photo reactive GTP analogue it was shown that in the binary complex [eIF-2 X GTP] GTP is in contact with the gamma-subunit of eIF-2. PMID- 6566617 TI - [Autonomic vascular dystonia]. PMID- 6566616 TI - Proteolytic activation of tissue plasminogen activator by plasma and tissue enzymes. AB - Tissue kallikrein and factor Xa were found to activate tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) at a rate comparable with that of plasmin. During the activation reaction, the single-chain molecule was converted into a two-chain form. A slight t-PA activating activity was also found in plasma kallikrein. Other activated coagulation factors, factor XIIa, factor XIa, factor IXa, factor VIIa, thrombin and activated protein C had no effect on t-PA activation. t-PA was also activated by a tissue kallikrein-like enzyme that was isolated from the culture medium of melanoma cells. These results indicate that tissue kallikrein and factor Xa may participate in the extrinsic pathway of human fibrinolysis. PMID- 6566618 TI - [Dupuytren's contracture]. PMID- 6566619 TI - [Biochemical aspects of arteriosclerosis and age]. PMID- 6566620 TI - [Diagnosis and emergency therapy in foci of intestinal infections]. PMID- 6566621 TI - [Incomplete abortion]. PMID- 6566622 TI - [Diagnosis of primary syphilis]. PMID- 6566623 TI - [Abdominal angina]. PMID- 6566624 TI - [International System of Units (SI) in medicine]. PMID- 6566625 TI - [Hygienic recommendations for organizing student extracurricular academic activities]. PMID- 6566627 TI - Nursing and the impaired driver. PMID- 6566628 TI - Planning for influence. PMID- 6566626 TI - A day in the life of Carol MacDonald, A.R.N.P., nurse practitioner in a free clinic. PMID- 6566629 TI - Florida Nurses Association. Position statement on the administration of medications by unlicensed personnel. PMID- 6566630 TI - Epidural redosing: nursing or anesthesia? PMID- 6566632 TI - Rural nursing. My baby just swallowed kerosene. PMID- 6566631 TI - Counseling service helps nurses set goals. PMID- 6566633 TI - Rural nursing: weathering the coming storm. PMID- 6566634 TI - [Late primiparity: what has changed in the last 25 years?]. AB - The case reports of late primiparae greater than 35 years of age were analysed in respect of the change of anamnestic risks, of the course of pregnancy, birth and puerperium, as well as of infant data. The incidence of late primiparae rose in our clinic from A 1.8% (n = 292, infants n = 294), via B 2.6% (n = 210, infants n = 213) to C 3.7% (n = 222, infants n = 225.) Previous history of internistic diseases was rare during all periods. In period C, the anamnestic risk "Status after sterility treatment" attains increasing importance (17%). The incidence of pre-eclamptic toxaemia (toxaemia associated with oedema, proteinuria and hypertension) with blood pressure levels greater than 140/90 mgHg and proteinuria greater than 1 0/00 is 5-7% for all periods. Preeclampsia and eclampsia are rare. During the C period, almost every tenth late primigravida received tocolytics. In 1979, 31% of the late primiparae were subjected to genetic amniocentesis, whereas in 1982 the percentage was 51% of the late primiparae. Spontaneous deliveries decreased from 81% (A) to 50% (C). The rates of Caesarean sections increased from 11% (A) via 21% (B) to 35% (C); hence, they were twice as high during all periods than among the entirety of hospital patients included in this study. The increase in the quota of Caesarean sections is due to the indications "foetal distress ante partum", "breech presentation" and the liberal use of Caesarean section in underweight infants. For example, the category of newborn with a bodyweight below 2500 g, the rate of Caesarean sections increased from 7% (A) to 56% (C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6566635 TI - [Mortality and fatality in cesarean section]. AB - 55 deaths following a Caesarean section occurred in Austria during 1975-1982 (41,7% of all maternal deaths). 45 deaths (82%) were directly related to the Caesarean section, in 9 cases (16%) a severe underlying disease was found which had contributed to the fatal outcome (indirect deaths). In one case the diagnosis could not be clarified. Among the direct deaths the indication for the Caesarean section was in 12 cases (27%) severe bleeding, in 12 cases gestosis, in 12 cases predominantly foetal causes, in 6 cases previous Caesarean section and in 3 cases poor obstetric history. Complications were in 18 cases (40%) severe bleeding, in 7 cases (16%) pulmonary embolism, in 4 cases complications as a consequence of anaesthesia and in 4 cases abdominal infections. In 14 cases (31%) post Caesarean hysterectomy was performed. The mortality of Caesarean section during 1975 to 1982 was 6.3/100.000 live births, whereas case fatality was 0.1%. PMID- 6566636 TI - [Pregnancy and fetal development in epileptic women]. AB - Epilepsy affects almost 1% of all pregnant women. Epileptic women marry more often than epileptic men. Married epileptic women have a lower socio-economic status and are more severely ill than married male epileptics.--Several reasons are discussed--poor compliance being probably the most essential one--for an explanation of an occasional increase in the rate of attacks and a frequently observed tendency to a drop in plasma concentrations of anti-epileptics during pregnancy. Pregnancy and parturition are not more complicated in epileptic women than in non-epileptics women. Nevertheless, abortions are performed, and delivery by surgery is initiated, more often with epileptics, although there are no convincing arguments in favour of such procedures. For unknown reasons, perinatal lethality is up to twice as high than with controls.--Children of mothers treated with anti-epileptics have a tendency to intrauterine dystrophia, which is manifested mainly by a reduced size of the head which is not made up completely during the first few years of life, contrary to other body dimensions. We do not know as yet whether there are any links between dystrophia of the body, malformations and inhibited psychomotoric development.--Depending on the type of anti-epileptics given to the mothers who are breast-feeding their children, and on the concentration of these drugs in the plasma or in the mother's milk, breast fed children may display signs of withdrawal or sedation. This must not be overlooked when considering the problem of breast-feeding.--The slightly enhanced risk of malformations appears to be less intimately connected, with intrauterine exposition of anti-epileptics than with the underlying disease itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6566637 TI - [Quantitative and qualitative structure analysis of cell exfoliated from the normal vulva and from benign, precancerous and malignant vulvar lesions]. AB - The value of cytological smears for screening for cancer of the external female genital organs has been stressed recently on repeated occasions. The evaluation of the cornified cells obtained from different vulvar diseases has however only been undertaken by subjective criteria. The qualitative structural analysis and the planimetric evaluation of 3,260 cornified cells from 123 patients with vulvar lesions of different types showed fundamental and essential differences in the criteria of malignancy compared to cytology of the uterine cervix. Whereas the nuclear plasmatic ratio and the chromatine structure are of secondary importance, the absolute size of the nucleus and the cell and especially the degree of cytoplasmatic polymorphy have a high degree of cytoplasmatic polymorphy have a high degree of importance. The special cytomorphological criteria described permit the differentiation of benign and malignant lesions of the vulva from the cytology of the cornified cells. PMID- 6566638 TI - [Complications of postoperative radiotherapy in uterine cancer]. AB - A report is given about reversible and irreversible complications following postoperative irradiation in cases of endometrial carcinomas. Intravaginal brachytherapy (Ra226, vaginal cylinder applicator) is given. In advanced cases or in cases with poor prognosis (tumor grading) percutaneous irradiation was added (Co60). Reversible complications (cystitis, proctitis) could be observed in 7%, irreversible complications (fistulas, stenosis) in 1.9% of the cases, respectively. The rate of radiation side effects after primary operation is lower than after primary irradiation of endometrial carcinoma. This is contrary to the results in postoperative irradiation of cervical carcinoma with a markedly higher rate of irradiation side effects. After postoperative intravaginal brachytherapy (Ra226) alone, only in 5.9% of the cases reversible and in 0.8% irreversible complications were observed. PMID- 6566639 TI - [Modification of semen quality by acupuncture in subfertile males]. AB - Our first attempt in treating subfertility by acupuncture was carried out on 28 males. The results obtained from the experiences in veterinary medicine encouraged us to attempt this type of therapy. Each patient received a total of 10 treatments for a period of three weeks. Several spermiograms were made after diagnosis subfertility. We checked spermiograms and hormone levels before and after acupuncture. Total count, concentration and motility were evaluated. In all cases we observed a statistically significant improvement of sperm quality. Having obtained these good results in our first studies, we now intend to continue acupuncture therapy in subfertile males for insemination or intercourse at the time of the ovulation of their female partners. PMID- 6566640 TI - [Uterus septus with adenocarcinoma of one half of the uterus]. AB - The authors demonstrate a rare case of an adenocarcinoma of the uterus associated with a uterus septus. The concomitance of carcinoma and congenital uterine anomalies is coincidental and has no causal connection. Congenital anomalies of the uterus which remain undetected can be responsible for serious delay in diagnosis of carcinoma and may adversely interfere with treatment efforts. PMID- 6566641 TI - [Endometriosis "on the way." Case description of intravascular endometriosis]. PMID- 6566642 TI - [Necrotizing inflammation of the vulva--a symptom of Richter intestinal wall hernia]. AB - Parietal hernias, often also known as Littre's hernia and Richter's hernia, are a special kind of inguinal hernias. In this type of hernia, part of the abdominal (intestinal) wall is strangulated in "calotte form" in the hernial orifice; as a result, parietal hernias often cause only mild complaints and are surgically treated only in the late stage of enterocutaneous faecal fistula. In contrast to incarcerated inguinal hernias resulting in diffuse faecal peritonitis via infarction and necrosis, parietal hernia of the Richter type is locally restricted in extension because of the narrow hernial orifice, as far as the extension into the abdominal cavity is concerned; intestinal patency is usually maintained. The possibility of the existence of a perforated parietal hernia should always be considered in necrotising inflammations in the inguinal and vulvar regions, even if abdominal signs and symptoms are absent. PMID- 6566643 TI - [Annulment of a medical treatment contract in violation of the abortion prohibition of Paragraph 218 StGB]. PMID- 6566644 TI - [Is there a nurse in the room? Evaluation of nursing care needs. FNIB-ACN Hospital Committee]. PMID- 6566645 TI - [The use of research in nursing care. Account of the 6th meeting of the Research Group in Nursing Care]. PMID- 6566646 TI - FNS director gives "State of FNS" report at annual meeting. PMID- 6566647 TI - Properdin factor B (Bf) polymorphism in Saudi Arabs. High frequency of a 'rare' allele BfS0.7. AB - The distribution of properdin factor B (Bf) phenotypes and the gene frequencies were investigated in 918 Saudi Arabs. A high frequency of the 'rare' allele BFS0.7 was observed BfS0.7 = 0.1514). The frequencies of the common Bf alleles (BfS = 0.5174, BfF = 0.3213) are outside the corresponding ranges of BfS, BfF gene frequencies found in European Caucasoids. PMID- 6566648 TI - Properdin factor B (Bf) types in schizophrenia. AB - The phenotype frequencies of properdin factor B (Bf) were studied in patients with (n = 47) and without (n = 66) a family history of schizophrenia and in controls. In patients with a family history of schizophrenia, a significant decrease of the FS type was found. No significant difference was found between patients without a family history of schizophrenia and controls. PMID- 6566649 TI - [Elastic compression and peripheral venous insufficiency]. PMID- 6566650 TI - [Oral contraception and metabolism]. PMID- 6566651 TI - [Headaches]. PMID- 6566653 TI - [Ergotherapy]. PMID- 6566652 TI - [Bio-education and play]. PMID- 6566654 TI - [Alcoholism]. PMID- 6566655 TI - [Nursing research at the baccalaureate level]. PMID- 6566656 TI - [Prepared childbirth. A new experience in childbirth at Pithiviers, France]. PMID- 6566657 TI - [The effects of anxiety in facing the premature infant]. PMID- 6566659 TI - [Nursing practice in 1984 and beyond]. PMID- 6566658 TI - [Stress in university students]. PMID- 6566660 TI - [Under the Civil Code. The obligation to render aid]. PMID- 6566661 TI - [The shame of our society]. PMID- 6566662 TI - Effectiveness of centralized skin testing. PMID- 6566663 TI - Risk factors for infection in cardiac surgery: will the real culprit please stand up? PMID- 6566664 TI - Postoperative wound infections following cardiac surgery: significance of contaminated cases performed in the preceding 48 hours. AB - Postoperative wound infections following open heart cardiac surgery increased markedly after hospital relocation (7 of 77 v 4 of 320; p = .0007). Of the multiple identified risk factors, significant patient and procedural association included prolonged operative time of infected patients (384 minutes +/- 115 SD v 318 +/- 67, p = .025) and operation in a room used within the previous 48 hours for a contaminated case (4/7 infected v 10/67 not infected; p = .023). Several defects were discovered in the air handling system. After appropriate changes, the infection rate decreased in the next 12 months (1 of 109; p less than .02). Other concurrent surgical wound infection rates remained unchanged suggesting that defective air handling may have impacted only on the open heart cardiac surgery patients. Preceding contaminated surgery and prolonged operative time were associated with postoperative wound infections in cardiac surgery. PMID- 6566665 TI - Postoperative infections following cardiac surgery: association with an environmental reservoir in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. AB - During 1981, 39 nosocomial infections occurred in 27 of 223 patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the North Carolina Memorial Hospital. The peak attack rate (23.7%) occurred in August and September compared to 10.1% in January through July. A case-control study demonstrated that the only risk factor common to poor and stable health groups compared to controls was duration of stay in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU). Microbiologic studies of the environment, personnel and patients showed that colonization or infection of patients occurred 1 to 6 days after admission to the CTICU and that nosocomial pathogens were found: 1) in and around the unit's soiled utility sink, 2) in pooled handwashing cultures of unit personnel, and 3) on contaminated clean hands and air near the soiled utility sink, plus nearby bedside air only while the water in the sink was running. Environmental and personnel hand contamination by soiled utility sink aerosols likely contributed to these infections. Infection control measures, including discontinued use of the soiled utility sink, resulted in a significantly lower infection rate (5.6%). PMID- 6566666 TI - Cost of hepatitis B prevention in hospital employees: post-exposure prophylaxis. AB - To determine the cost of post-exposure prevention of hepatitis B among hospital employees, a 12-month prospective study was conducted in six Phoenix-area hospitals. Data on reported employee accidents which involved exposure to blood and any subsequent medical attention were obtained weekly. Costs were assigned to all tests, treatments, and working time lost. For 518 potential hepatitis B exposures, the mean cost per incident was $92. Costs associated specifically with preventing hepatitis accounted for 80% of the costs. When data on these incidents were applied to a model procedure for handling potential exposures to hepatitis B, the costs increased to $109 per incident. One work-related case of clinical hepatitis B cost the hospital $13,376. A determination of total hospital costs for hepatitis B should include the direct and indirect cost of each employee case of the disease, the costs of routine serologic screening of employees, and the cost of post-exposure strategies. PMID- 6566667 TI - Training of personnel for infection control in Germany. PMID- 6566668 TI - Recommendations for decontaminating manikins used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation training 1983 update. PMID- 6566669 TI - Vancomycin--new uses for an old drug. PMID- 6566670 TI - [Perinatal mortality in Helsingborg in the years 1977-1981]. PMID- 6566671 TI - [Pregnancy and alcohol abuse]. PMID- 6566672 TI - [Midwives as detectives?]. PMID- 6566673 TI - [Enema as routine in the delivery department]. PMID- 6566674 TI - [Analgesia in childbirth]. PMID- 6566675 TI - Ribosomal subunit antiassociation activity in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Evidence for a low molecular weight ribosomal subunit antiassociation protein factor (Mr = 25,000). AB - A ribosomal subunit antiassociation activity has been purified from both the postribosomal supernatant and ribosomal salt-wash protein fractions of rabbit reticulocyte lysates. A majority (greater than 90%) of the activity is associated with a low molecular weight protein of Mr of approximately 25,000. A small but significant level of antiassociation activity (less than 10%) was found to be associated with higher molecular weight protein fractions. The purified 25,000 dalton antiassociation factor interacts with 60 S ribosomal subunits to prevent them from reassociating with 40 S ribosomal subunits. The factor does not seem to interact directly with 40 S subunits nor does it dissociate 80 S monosomes. The properties of this factor are thus similar to the eukaryotic initiation factor 6 isolated from both wheat germ and calf liver extracts. PMID- 6566676 TI - Amino acid pools in cultured muscle cells. AB - Compartmentalization of cellular amino acid pools occurs in cultures of cardiac and skeletal muscle cells, but the factors involved in this are not clear. We have further defined this problem by analyzing the intracellular free leucine and the transfer-RNA-(tRNA)-bound leucine pool in cultures of skeletal and cardiac muscle incubated with 3H-leucine in the presence and absence of serum and amino acids. Withdrawal of nitrogen substrates caused substantial changes in leucine pool relationships--in particular, a change in the degree to which intracellular free leucine and tRNA-leucine were derived from the culture medium. In separate experiments, the validity of our tRNA measurements was confirmed by measurements of the specific activity of newly synthesized ferritin after iron induction. We discuss the implications of these findings with regard to factors involved in the control of amino acid flux through the cell, as well as with regard to design of experiments using isotopic amino acids to measure rates of amino acid utilization. PMID- 6566677 TI - What do nurses know about confusion in the aged? PMID- 6566678 TI - Maximizing memory retention in the aged. PMID- 6566679 TI - Come fly with us. PMID- 6566680 TI - Coping with loss: a group experience with elderly survivors. PMID- 6566681 TI - Role clarification. A prerequisite to autonomy. AB - Before autonomy in nursing practice can become a reality, nurses must clearly identify their roles. This role identification is no easy task given the impact of significant changes taking place in acute care hospitals and the various levels of nursing practice found in most institutions. The authors advocate using middle managers and a committee of nurses with various interests and educational preparations to study the issues and reach a consensus as to the role of nursing. As the work of different hospital groups is shared with others, autonomous nursing practice will be a step closer to reality. PMID- 6566682 TI - An articulated model for preparing nursing administrators. AB - Believing that management-related content belongs in every curricular level and that preparation for executive-level management should be at the post-masters level, the faculty at Wayne State College of Nursing developed a four-level, articulated model for the preparation of nurses in management science. This article discusses the evolution of this model with particular attention given to the 1-year, post-masters program in executive-level administration. PMID- 6566684 TI - What do nurses want in a mentor? PMID- 6566683 TI - Getting on top of organizational change. Part 1. Process and development. AB - Nurse executives are challenged by many external and internal forces to revitalize and restructure nursing department organization. As goals are set to meet these challenges, the underlying and always present theme of change becomes apparent. To help you become more effective as a change agent, a series of three articles concerning theories of change and organizational development, strategies for organizational change, and the role of the corporate nurse executive is presented. In this first article, the author discusses the process of change, organizational development, and critical functions of nurse executives in dynamic organizations. PMID- 6566685 TI - Discovering research problems in health care organizations. PMID- 6566686 TI - Improving nursing morale in a climate of cost containment. Part 1. Organizational assessment. AB - Faced with declining resources for health care and greater pressures to improve productivity of nursing staff, nursing administrators must act now to develop organizational responses to morale problems among nursing staff. As part of a two part series for JONA, the authors describe low-cost organizational approaches that address nursing morale. Presented in Part 1 is a low-cost diagnostic process for assessing needs of staff and appraising organizational dimensions contributing to morale. Assessment findings provide clear direction for developing organizational approaches for improving morale. PMID- 6566687 TI - Supporting nurse-midwifery in a changing society: institutionalizing a support structure and identifying bases of support. PMID- 6566688 TI - Pioneering interdependence in a system of care for childbearing families. PMID- 6566689 TI - Childbirth management and medical monopoly: midwifery as (almost) a profession. PMID- 6566690 TI - Professional maturity or independence? PMID- 6566691 TI - Nurse-midwifery and The Federal Trade Commission. PMID- 6566692 TI - The nurse midwife: malpractice and risk management. PMID- 6566694 TI - Midwifery status and education in Korea: historical and governmental influences. PMID- 6566693 TI - Childbearing among lesbians: are we meeting their needs? PMID- 6566696 TI - Lowering the bedrail. Helping people remain intimate while in the hospital. PMID- 6566695 TI - Inside Irian Jaya. A missionary nurse lives with limits and gives hope. Interview by Ramona Cass. PMID- 6566697 TI - Psychotherapy with chronic schizophrenics. Alliance, transference, and countertransference. PMID- 6566698 TI - Self-help groups. Can they help? PMID- 6566699 TI - Mathari Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya: J.G. Magu, Chief of Nursing. PMID- 6566700 TI - Secure attachment revisited. PMID- 6566701 TI - More on the infertile couple. PMID- 6566702 TI - After Mount St. Helens. Disaster stress research. PMID- 6566703 TI - Smoking and the psych nurse. PMID- 6566704 TI - Lesbians in therapy. PMID- 6566705 TI - The school nurse's dilemma. PMID- 6566706 TI - Grappling with resistance in group psychotherapy. PMID- 6566707 TI - Eliminating the blues caused by the yellows. PMID- 6566708 TI - The Boston lens system. PMID- 6566709 TI - Non-surgical refractive indications for contact lenses in infants. PMID- 6566710 TI - The patient having laser trabeculoplasty. PMID- 6566712 TI - Avoiding failure with contact lens patients. PMID- 6566711 TI - The Geneva lens measure. PMID- 6566714 TI - [Nursing diagnosis. 16. A man cannot live on bread alone, neither can a patient]. PMID- 6566715 TI - [Reevaluation of routine procedures. 31. Transfer of patients' records: significance and status of the procedure]. PMID- 6566716 TI - [Hemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency in infants]. PMID- 6566713 TI - [A biophysical study of antisclerotic agents--longterm effect of elastase as measured by aortic pulse wave velocity method]. PMID- 6566717 TI - [Current status and future of the treatment of breast cancer]. PMID- 6566718 TI - [Breast reconstruction and its significance]. PMID- 6566719 TI - [Nursing of breast cancer patients]. PMID- 6566720 TI - [Information sought by breast cancer patients; in response to the questions posed by patients]. PMID- 6566721 TI - [Volunteer activities for breast cancer patients: volunteer activities of "Akebono-Kai" composed of former breast cancer patients]. PMID- 6566722 TI - [Overcoming the grief of losing the breast: an account by a patient who has experienced mammoplasty]. PMID- 6566723 TI - [5 items of information important to post-mastectomy patients]. PMID- 6566724 TI - [Bedside nursing. Interactions with a patient awaiting surgery: recreation of the nursing scene and a lack of depth in communication]. PMID- 6566725 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with dementia due to cerebral arteriosclerosis: training at mealtime and in excretion]. PMID- 6566726 TI - [Home nursing by visiting. 5. For continuous medical care]. PMID- 6566727 TI - [A monologue by a nursing director. Arts and professionalism]. PMID- 6566728 TI - [A chosen mother: life with a handicapped child. 7. A big sister of a handicapped child]. PMID- 6566729 TI - [Clinical description of pain. 3. History of therapy to control pain. 2. Challenge to chronic pain]. PMID- 6566730 TI - [Physical training at a home for the aged. 3. The meaning of the "life" for the aged]. PMID- 6566731 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 4. Treatment of aged, demented patients]. PMID- 6566732 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 7. The patient as a partner in medical care]. PMID- 6566733 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms Keiko Tokunaga, an enterostomal therapist at an ambulatory clinic]. PMID- 6566734 TI - [Aging: care of the aged in the United States. 7. Nursing care at nursing homes (1): in Washington, Detroit and Dallas]. PMID- 6566735 TI - [Report from overseas. The "patient-centered" hospital organization]. PMID- 6566736 TI - [Okubo Public Health Consulting Clinic, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, which achieved a zero infant mortality in the assigned area]. PMID- 6566737 TI - [Reevaluation of daily care. 32. Patient record transfer. 2]. PMID- 6566738 TI - [Luve Jelly (for lubrication of the vagina)]. PMID- 6566739 TI - [The concept of rehabilitation in the care of an enterostomy]. PMID- 6566740 TI - [Enterostomy care and rehabilitation. Acceptance of the enterostomy by the patient]. PMID- 6566741 TI - [Enterostomy care and rehabilitation. The process of preoperative acceptance of the enterostomy by the patients and their nursing care]. PMID- 6566742 TI - [Enterostomy and rehabilitation. Postoperative care of the enterostomy site: nursing to encourage self care]. PMID- 6566743 TI - [Enterostomy and rehabilitation. Care of postoperative organic urination disorders in enterostomy patients: nursing to encourage self care]. PMID- 6566744 TI - [Enterostomy and rehabilitation. Incidence of sexual dysfunctions in patients following intrapelvic surgery and their counseling]. PMID- 6566745 TI - [Enterostomy and rehabilitation. Absolute need for ambulatory care in rehabilitation following enterostomy]. PMID- 6566746 TI - [Last days of husbands suffering from cancer: experiences of wives at the National Cancer Center. A discussion]. PMID- 6566747 TI - [Bedside nursing. Analgesic care of a terminal cancer patient using a chart expressing pain by a point system]. PMID- 6566749 TI - [Monologue by a nursing director. My "Le Quatorze Juillet"]. PMID- 6566748 TI - [Home nursing. 6. Home nursing activities based at a small local hospital]. PMID- 6566751 TI - [Clinical description of pain. 4. Definition of pain]. PMID- 6566750 TI - [A chosen mother. A life with a handicapped child. 8. Pleasure of teaching simple happiness in life]. PMID- 6566752 TI - [At the physical therapy room of a home for the aged. 4. The meaning of "Russia" to Mr. N.: a hidden key to strange behavior by the aged]. PMID- 6566753 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 5. Medical care and legislative measures for the welfare of the aged]. PMID- 6566754 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 8. In-vitro fertilization and surrogate mothers]. PMID- 6566755 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Mr. Satoru Akiyama, a male nurse who serves at a ward for neurology and internal medicine]. PMID- 6566757 TI - ["Do you smoke?": American hospital system with patients as its primary concern. 2]. PMID- 6566756 TI - [Care of the aged in the United States. 8. Nursing care at nursing homes. 2: San Francisco and Oklahoma City]. PMID- 6566758 TI - [Pre and postoperative management of cerebrovascular surgery]. PMID- 6566759 TI - [Surgery of great vessel diseases, and pre- and postoperative care]. PMID- 6566760 TI - [Pre and postoperative management of coronary artery surgery]. PMID- 6566761 TI - [Peripheral vascular surgery and pre and postoperative management]. PMID- 6566762 TI - [Nursing care before and after myocardial revascularization for ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 6566763 TI - [Pre and postoperative orientation toward patient adapted to blood vessel surgery]. PMID- 6566764 TI - [Pre and postoperative nursing care of the patient undergoing internal carotid endarterectomy]. PMID- 6566765 TI - [Pre and postoperative nursing care for the patient undergoing surgical replacement of an artificial blood vessel]. PMID- 6566766 TI - [Nursing care of the occlusive arteriosclerosis patient; a case report of bilateral aorto-femoral bypass]. PMID- 6566767 TI - [Nursing care for the patient with occlusive arteriosclerosis disease; a case associated with bleeding duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6566768 TI - [Nursing care of a child with facial hemangioma]. PMID- 6566769 TI - [Nursing care of the patient undergoing finger suture]. PMID- 6566770 TI - [Spiritual needs and nursing process]. PMID- 6566771 TI - [Nerve block for the treatment of refractory pain]. PMID- 6566772 TI - [Emergency care and nutrition]. PMID- 6566773 TI - [The classification and treatment of acute hepatitis]. PMID- 6566774 TI - [Prevention against acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6566775 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 6566776 TI - [Nursing standards for the patient with acute hepatitis]. PMID- 6566777 TI - [Dealing with the patient carrying hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 6566778 TI - [Providing meals for patients with acute hepatitis]. PMID- 6566779 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with acute hepatitis with reference to bed rest and prophylactic measures against infection]. PMID- 6566780 TI - [Nursing care of the patient in coma caused by exacerbation of hepatitis]. PMID- 6566781 TI - [Intensive nursing care for patients in acute liver failure treated with PE (plasma exchange) therapy]. PMID- 6566782 TI - [Constructing a behavior evaluation table for observing psychotic patients]. PMID- 6566783 TI - [Coping conflict of the young patient with insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 6566784 TI - [Nursing care of the patient under hemodialysis therapy complicated by visual and auditory disorders]. PMID- 6566785 TI - [Student nurses' attitude to sudden blindness]. PMID- 6566786 TI - [Control of diabetes mellitus--why a portable artificial pancreas?]. PMID- 6566787 TI - [Cryofiltration therapy of chronic rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6566788 TI - [Hypertensive chemotherapy of cancer]. PMID- 6566789 TI - [Preoperative teaching and support to the intestinal stoma patient]. PMID- 6566790 TI - [Enterostomy construction and stoma location]. PMID- 6566791 TI - [Relieving patients' anxieties in the perioperative period]. PMID- 6566792 TI - [Reflections on nursing care studies concerning chronic renal failure patients' life style and home care]. PMID- 6566793 TI - [Spiritual needs and nursing process]. PMID- 6566794 TI - [Speech and its implications: language and communication]. PMID- 6566795 TI - [Observations on postwar nursing education: Ms. Toshie Nagai, President Japan Nursing Association School of Nursing. Interview by Yoko Uzawa]. PMID- 6566796 TI - [Clinical training for comprehensive understanding of patients by POS: use of substantive conferences and planning of clinical training]. PMID- 6566797 TI - [Characteristics of student selection with an entrance examination and other methods at a nursing university]. PMID- 6566798 TI - [Educational technology: operating room nursing (5). Nursing associated with cesarean section (2)]. PMID- 6566799 TI - [on nursing education. 27. Capacity to form and pursue questions]. PMID- 6566800 TI - [Methodology and topics in nursing education: solutions for the problems at educational settings. 3. Education to invite students to pose questions]. PMID- 6566801 TI - [Public health activities closely tied to the area: health problems and grassroot campaigns]. PMID- 6566802 TI - [Social conditions surrounding public health nurses and their problems]. PMID- 6566803 TI - [Role of public health nurses in overcrowded cities--work planning to meet the needs of the citizens. Discussion]. PMID- 6566804 TI - [Public health activities at Sawa-uchi-Mura, Iwate Prefecture]. PMID- 6566805 TI - [Assistance for social rehabilitation of the mentally disturbed]. PMID- 6566806 TI - [Public health activities for protection of maternal health]. PMID- 6566807 TI - [Problems of the public health clinic]. PMID- 6566808 TI - [Health problems and organized citizens' activities]. PMID- 6566809 TI - [Health problems of workers and public health activities]. PMID- 6566810 TI - [Importance of keeping records: a personal account of a public health nurse]. PMID- 6566811 TI - [Problems of the aged and regional activities]. PMID- 6566812 TI - Unintended pregnancy and the risks/safety of birth control methods. PMID- 6566813 TI - Intrauterine fetal surgery: a nursing challenge. AB - Surgical treatment of the fetus in utero offers new options for selected families with fetal anomalies. Nurses caring for these families must be prepared to meet their unique needs. The diagnosis, treatment, support, and follow-up care of the family is discussed. PMID- 6566814 TI - Neonatal hypoglycemia. AB - The pathophysiologic status of the neonate contributing to susceptibility for hypoglycemia is reviewed as a knowledge base for specific nursing practice. Three independent nursing actions are identified: assessment of risk factors, manipulation of factors promoting energy homeostasis, and validation of nursing practice. PMID- 6566815 TI - Assisting the unprepared woman during labor. AB - Many women cannot or do not take classes to prepare themselves for the birth experience. Labor room nurses can use several prepared childbirth concepts to teach these women coping techniques in the course of labor, resulting in an increase in their comfort level and, possibly, a decrease in the amount of analgesia and/or anesthesia required. Suggestions are also made regarding the role of a significant other as a labor partner for the unprepared woman. PMID- 6566816 TI - New antibiotics in the treatment of pelvic infections. AB - Many new antibiotics are being released to the drug market. This article broadly classifies the newly released antibiotics into several groups in order to condense the mass of information concerning them into a readily available format. This format will enable nurses to recall easily the important information from each group when the need arises. PMID- 6566817 TI - An independent labor-support nursing service. AB - The development of a monitrice service as an independent nursing practice is described including design, legality, implementation into several hospitals, and response by the consumer, provider, and hospital staff. Specific information also includes orientation to hospitals, scheduling, pricing, and a description of the service. PMID- 6566819 TI - Expectant father's stress--due to the mother's expectations? AB - Despite the increased attention to the role of the father in the childbearing family, relatively little is known of those factors that facilitate or hinder the transition to parenthood. To study the relationship between stress in the prospective father and congruence of attitudes between husband and wife regarding the projected role of the father with the newborn, 103 prenatal couples were studied. Results supported the position that anxiety in the father increased as discordance between husband and wife increased regarding the projected father role. No relationship was found between anxiety and the amount of projected involvement by the father in child care. PMID- 6566820 TI - [Breast feeding is 'in']. PMID- 6566818 TI - Reliability of urine temperature as a measurement of basal body temperature. AB - Natural family planning is based on the recognition of physiologic signs and symptoms that identify fertile and infertile phases of the menstrual cycle. Identification of the onset of the infertile period can be determined when the upward shift in basal body temperature (BBT) has occurred. A study was conducted to determine if the temperature of the first-morning voided urine adequately represents BBT. In 22 subjects, vaginal temperature, taken immediately upon awakening, was compared with first-morning voided urine temperature as measured continuously by thermocouples mounted in either of two flow-through devices attached to a toilet bowl. A significant correlation was found between the two temperatures. The convenience and hygiene of the method together with the reliability of urine temperature as an estimator of BBT could reduce the generally high rate of noncompliance of women choosing this natural method of family planning. PMID- 6566821 TI - [The new challenge of breast feeding at the maternity health clinics]. PMID- 6566822 TI - [Do breast-fed babies need any additional vitamin D?]. PMID- 6566823 TI - [Practical experience with a nurse for breast-feeding mothers]. PMID- 6566824 TI - [Together the biggest obstacles will be overcome]. PMID- 6566825 TI - [It is possible to reduce child mortality in developing countries]. PMID- 6566826 TI - [Dear midwives]. PMID- 6566827 TI - [Maternal health services. What parents expect and what they get]. PMID- 6566828 TI - [The population explosion]. PMID- 6566830 TI - [Chlamydia, the new 'venereal disease' is causing concern among specialists]. PMID- 6566829 TI - [Women and alcohol]. PMID- 6566831 TI - [Study of poetry at the school of nursing--for imagination training. 4]. PMID- 6566832 TI - [Nurse practitioners in other countries (translation and comments)]. PMID- 6566833 TI - [Tomiko Hashimoto who published a collected poems "nursing log", written during 18 years of visiting nursing activities]. PMID- 6566834 TI - [Pregnancy and cystinuria]. PMID- 6566836 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 9]. PMID- 6566835 TI - [Copper-polluted animal milk in India]. PMID- 6566837 TI - [Report of the Conference on Psychosomatic Disorders in Obstetrical and Gynecological Patients]. PMID- 6566838 TI - [Report of the ICN Council of National Representatives' meeting]. PMID- 6566839 TI - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan -development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6566840 TI - [Helping each other--breast cancer patients' group]. PMID- 6566841 TI - [Independent nursing practice. Independently providing maternal and child care in the community for 24 years]. PMID- 6566842 TI - [Independent nursing practice. As a specialist in stoma care]. PMID- 6566843 TI - [Independent nursing practice--expanded role and economic independence. Independent nursing practice as an integral part of comprehensive health care]. PMID- 6566844 TI - [Independent nursing practice. As a practicing midwife]. PMID- 6566845 TI - [Provision of nursing care in the coming aged society]. PMID- 6566847 TI - [Independent nursing practice. Home care nursing plan]. PMID- 6566846 TI - [A home for the aged sick people run by nurses]. PMID- 6566848 TI - [Nurses in primary health care: the new gatekeepers?]. PMID- 6566849 TI - [Nursing legislation--to know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses: nursing practice. 14]. PMID- 6566850 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patient. 11]. PMID- 6566851 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 10]. PMID- 6566852 TI - [My 3d visit to China]. PMID- 6566853 TI - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan -development of the medical profession from the viewpoint of nursing]. PMID- 6566854 TI - [Discussion on nursing systems at prefectural branches]. PMID- 6566855 TI - [Conditions of employment of specialists]. PMID- 6566856 TI - [Myomectomy: right or wrong]. PMID- 6566857 TI - [Continuing education for specialists]. PMID- 6566858 TI - [Specialists in the United States]. PMID- 6566859 TI - [Specialization in health care and the nurse specialist]. PMID- 6566860 TI - [Specialists and generalists in nursing. Specialist and generalist]. PMID- 6566861 TI - [The scope of nursing practice]. PMID- 6566862 TI - [Nursing legislation--to know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses: nursing practice. 15]. PMID- 6566863 TI - [Nurses are there to help the dying patient. 12]. PMID- 6566864 TI - [Study of poetry at the school of nursing--for imagination training. 5]. PMID- 6566865 TI - [The role and educational needs of OH nurses]. PMID- 6566866 TI - [Nursing diagnosis: I. Introduction]. PMID- 6566867 TI - [Nursing legislation--to know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses: report on practicing. 16]. PMID- 6566868 TI - [A study of the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan -development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6566870 TI - [Sensitivity in interpersonal relationship]. PMID- 6566869 TI - [JNA (Japan Nurses' Association) PR activities]. PMID- 6566871 TI - [Proposed plan for Visiting Nurses Association]. PMID- 6566872 TI - [Expanded role of the outpatient clinic]. PMID- 6566873 TI - [Developing new health care delivery systems. Round-table discussion--present and future of health care delivery systems]. PMID- 6566874 TI - [Maternity and child health center]. PMID- 6566875 TI - [School nurse assigned to a high school]. PMID- 6566877 TI - [Nurse-managed centers]. PMID- 6566876 TI - [Industrial nursing--current status]. PMID- 6566878 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 11]. PMID- 6566879 TI - [Teaching poetry at the school of nursing--for imagination training. 6]. PMID- 6566880 TI - [Spotlight: Emiko Tarui, head nurse in a wheelchair]. PMID- 6566881 TI - [Medical topics. Hepatic vein obstruction caused by herb tea. Relationship between Hbe antigen and s antigen carriers]. PMID- 6566882 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 12]. PMID- 6566884 TI - [Nursing legislation--to know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses: Advisory Council of Medical and Health Workers. 17]. PMID- 6566883 TI - [Nursing diagnosis: I. Introduction. 2]. PMID- 6566885 TI - [A study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan -development of the medical profession from the nursing viewpoint]. PMID- 6566886 TI - [Visit to the ANA]. PMID- 6566887 TI - [Clarification of nursing responsibility]. PMID- 6566888 TI - [Wise women--will they return?]. PMID- 6566889 TI - [Nurse practitioners and the Nurse Practice Act in U.S.A]. PMID- 6566890 TI - [Nurse practitioners--legal aspects]. PMID- 6566891 TI - [Expanded role of nursing and review of related legislation. Problems with the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses]. PMID- 6566892 TI - [Respite care]. PMID- 6566893 TI - [Report: The nature of nursing by Virginia Henderson]. PMID- 6566895 TI - [Teaching poetry in the school of nursing--for imagination training. 7]. PMID- 6566894 TI - [Introduction to nursing research: for those who attempt the study for the first time]. PMID- 6566896 TI - [Spotlight: Chisako Ikuta, one of the organizers of a group to consider the problems related to life and death]. PMID- 6566898 TI - Primary health care. PMID- 6566897 TI - Nursing in the United States. PMID- 6566899 TI - Nursing care delivery in the US: challenges for the decade. PMID- 6566900 TI - The role of women in health care in Korea. PMID- 6566901 TI - [An overview of hospices]. PMID- 6566902 TI - [Hospices care at a general hospital]. PMID- 6566903 TI - [An example of hospice care by a nurse]. PMID- 6566904 TI - [Case study of a patient with lower extremity amputation]. PMID- 6566905 TI - Nursing in Korea. PMID- 6566906 TI - [A pilot study of maternal attachment behavior during the 3d and 4th stages of labor]. PMID- 6566907 TI - [Therapy of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus]. PMID- 6566908 TI - [Urinary diversion]. PMID- 6566909 TI - [Special bandage materials for rigid bandages]. PMID- 6566910 TI - [No fear for the nursing examination]. PMID- 6566912 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 6566911 TI - [Why natural vitamin E?]. PMID- 6566913 TI - [Main symptom icterus]. PMID- 6566914 TI - [Practical work in oncology from the viewpoint of nursing personnel. A practical report on centralization of cytostatic agents]. PMID- 6566915 TI - [Rehabilitation following heart infarct]. PMID- 6566916 TI - [Drug dependence from the viewpoint of a onetime addict]. PMID- 6566917 TI - [Multiple sclerosis (disseminated encephalomyelitis)]. PMID- 6566918 TI - [The practice of hospital hygiene]. PMID- 6566919 TI - [A contribution to medical anthropology. The manipulated man. III. Concept and possibilities of manipulation today]. PMID- 6566920 TI - [Experience with chronic pain]. PMID- 6566921 TI - [Women's career patterns and occupational attitude in modern Japan]. PMID- 6566922 TI - [A survey of nurses' career patterns in Japan]. PMID- 6566923 TI - [Employment of nurses at private hospitals]. PMID- 6566924 TI - [Making hospitals attractive to nurses]. PMID- 6566925 TI - [Why nurses leave nursing; a survey of former nurses]. PMID- 6566926 TI - [Problems of elderly staff]. PMID- 6566927 TI - [Effective use of the nursing clinical career ladder through career development]. PMID- 6566928 TI - [Intuition and body]. PMID- 6566929 TI - [Introduction of theories into nursing administration (2)]. PMID- 6566930 TI - [Case study of 2 students in pediatric nursing practice]. PMID- 6566931 TI - [Methods in and effects of teaching 'the technic of physical examination of the adult' to student nurses (2)]. PMID- 6566932 TI - [Teaching-learning method of the problem-solving process in nursing (5)]. PMID- 6566933 TI - [Report about students' practice of team nursing]. PMID- 6566934 TI - [Report of a student's life at the school of nursing, Loma Linda University (4)]. PMID- 6566935 TI - [Patients placed in a monotonous hospital environment. Cooking activities as a start in social participation--exposure of female psychiatric patients to cooking utensils for the first time in 20 or more years]. PMID- 6566936 TI - [Assisted circulation: the theory, purpose, and format of assisted circulation]. PMID- 6566937 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of a patient with bone tumor. Physiopathology of bone tumors]. PMID- 6566938 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of a patient with bone tumor. Diagnosis and treatment of bone tumors]. PMID- 6566939 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of a patient with bone tumor. Nursing process for a patient with bone tumor]. PMID- 6566940 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of a patient with bone tumor. Nursing of a patient with terminal bone tumor: a question of the nature of "care for the patient's comfort"]. PMID- 6566941 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of a patient with bone tumor. Discussion: the extent of involvement of the nurse with individual patients]. PMID- 6566943 TI - [Innovation in the design of a bath mitt]. PMID- 6566942 TI - [Nursing of a patient with cerebral hemorrhage--a lesson in interactions with an aphasic patient having difficulty with communication]. PMID- 6566944 TI - [Role of nursing in the care of an epileptic patient]. PMID- 6566945 TI - [Conference: lessons in clinical training. Nursing of a patient with terminal gastric cancer]. PMID- 6566946 TI - [Case study. Rehabilitation nursing of the aged--through the interaction between the patient with slow recovery and her family]. PMID- 6566947 TI - [Psychology of patients being hospitalized for an extended period and living in a closed environment]. PMID- 6566948 TI - [Introduction of a rhythm in daily living--in support of rehabilitation of a patient suffering from hospitalism]. PMID- 6566949 TI - Fathering and the separation-individuation process. AB - Empirical evidence supports the belief that fathers play a significant role in the development of children. The father is becoming a more visible participant in physical care (feeding, diapering, and bathing) and the emotional life of the infant. Father-infant interactions have resulted in early formation of attachment to the father, but later than with the mother. Separation anxiety is reduced if the father-infant interactions have been qualitatively satisfactory to the infant. Father-infant interactions have a definite effect on the infant's progression through the separation-individuation process as described by Mahler and Abelin. The father's behavior toward the infant, particularly during the practicing subphase, enhances ego autonomy, differentiation, and individuation. According to Abelin, completion of the separation-individuation process may be impossible for the mother and the child if the father does not interact with the child. In view of this deduction, the writer concludes that special effort should be made by child and health care workers to encourage fathers' involvement with their very young children. Also, further investigation is needed in order to identify specific father-infant interactions that might facilitate the separation individuation process. PMID- 6566950 TI - Major coping behaviors of a hospitalized 3-year-old boy. AB - Heath used the active coping strategies of control, avoidance, and puppet play during the course of his postoperative recovery period. Regression, which existed in an earlier stage of development, was used to provide feelings of comfort, security, and control. The total number of coping behaviors utilized by Heath significantly increased from Phase 1 to Phases 2 and 3 of recovery (see Figure 1). This marked increase in coping behaviors during the latter two phases of recovery corresponded to the stabilization and improvement in Heath's physical condition. According to Josselyn (1955, p. 367), when an individual is ill energy that was once available for meeting the pressures of daily life is absorbed into the body as it struggles to master the illness. Barraclough (1937) states that when recovery begins and strength returns, the ill child will manifest a change in behavior which includes: increased interest in the environment; participation in ward activities; resumption of play; and return to the former carefree self. In Phase 1 of recovery, Heath was acutely ill. Since his energies had to be devoted to the inner processes of healing, Heath showed little interest in his environment. In the following two phases of recovery, Heath had more physical strength and energy which could be devoted to the process of active coping. Subsequently, the number of major coping behaviors utilized by Heath escalated. Through the repertoire of behaviors utilized in Heath's coping strategies during recovery from abdominal surgery, he was able to cope with his hospitalization. As a result, adaptation occurred which allowed the subject to achieve a degree of mastery of a stressful hospital experience. PMID- 6566951 TI - The self-image of overweight adolescent females: a review of the literature. PMID- 6566952 TI - An analysis of news coverage of maternal-child nurses. PMID- 6566953 TI - The body boundary experience of women in labor: a framework for care. AB - This paper discusses the relevance of a body boundary framework for considering the nursing care needs of the woman during labor. Careful analysis of the woman's behaviors during labor reveals three distinct body boundary-oriented phases. These include: (a) a controlled-boundary intact phase, (b) a regressive-boundary permeable phase, and (c) a desperate-boundary diffuse phase. The first two phases occur in all labors; the last phase occurs when the woman is unable to remain in control of her body because of extreme body boundary distortions. The primary nursing care objective for the laboring woman should be to help the woman maintain a sense of body boundary intactness throughout her labor. Achieving this important objective requires that the nurse be aware of when and how the woman uses the nurse's presence to foster feelings of boundary intactness. The nurse involved in the care of the woman in labor must be an interaction specialist. She needs to be adapt at reading the woman's body cues, in understanding the meaning of her behaviors, and in providing care at appropriate times using appropriate contact modalities. Offering the woman help and understanding based on knowledge of body boundary changes during labor optimize the woman's ability to endure and will enhance her chances for feeling positively about herself in the childbearing endeavor. PMID- 6566954 TI - Comparable worth fact sheet. PMID- 6566955 TI - New classification system for state government nursing positions. PMID- 6566956 TI - "No more nurses" successful for tri-districts. PMID- 6566957 TI - Nursing's impact on health care cost containment. PMID- 6566958 TI - Comparable worth--economic issue of the 80's. PMID- 6566959 TI - United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery & Health Visiting Consultation paper: new midwives' rules & code of practice. PMID- 6566960 TI - When in Rome. PMID- 6566961 TI - Oral health maintenance in pregnancy. 2. PMID- 6566962 TI - Vive la Difference! Home visiting in pregnancy and confinements in Europe. PMID- 6566963 TI - Management of the pre-term dysmature infant during the first week of life. PMID- 6566964 TI - Deafness in the child-bearing woman. PMID- 6566966 TI - NATN workshop: immediate post-operative care; 6th and 7th July 1984. PMID- 6566965 TI - Deficiency of enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of glycerol-ether lipids in Zellweger syndrome. A new category of metabolic disease involving the absence of peroxisomes. AB - The Zellweger cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome is a genetic disease characterized by the absence of peroxisomes and deficiency of glycerol-ether lipids in several tissues. We measured the activity of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) acyltransferase, a peroxisomal enzyme with a major role in ether lipid synthesis, in fibroblasts and leukocytes from patients with Zellweger syndrome. Control skin and amniotic-fluid fibroblasts had normal activity of DHAP acyltransferase (0.28 to 0.3 nmol per minute per milligram of protein), whereas fibroblasts from three patients with Zellweger syndrome had deficient activity (0.013 +/- 0.006 nmol per minute per milligram of protein). The activity of the enzyme in leukocytes and levels of plasmalogens (the major class of cellular glycerol-ether lipids) in erythrocytes were also deficient in a patient, but normal levels of leukocyte enzyme and erythrocyte plasmalogens were found in her parents. Other enzymes of the acyl DHAP pathway exhibited alterations in fibroblasts from patients with Zellweger syndrome, and the activity of the glycerophosphate acyltransferase was also reduced. These results support prior studies emphasizing the role of peroxisomes and the acyl DHAP pathway in cellular ether lipid synthesis, establish Zellweger syndrome cells as valuable for elucidating peroxisomal functions, and provide prenatal and postnatal diagnostic assays as well as potential therapeutic strategies for Zellweger syndrome. PMID- 6566967 TI - Faculty practice plans: will they work for nurses? PMID- 6566969 TI - University-based continuing education--what future? PMID- 6566968 TI - Exclusive referral agreements for home care. PMID- 6566970 TI - What's happening to the dual-career family? PMID- 6566971 TI - [Old and new penicillins]. PMID- 6566973 TI - Election begins for student member of RCN Council. PMID- 6566972 TI - How job losses have hit services. PMID- 6566974 TI - Royal College of Nursing: scant debate. PMID- 6566975 TI - Successful course for all student unit officers. PMID- 6566976 TI - Three separate events have concentrated my mind to the subject of cuts. PMID- 6566977 TI - The right to know. PMID- 6566978 TI - A Journal for one and all. PMID- 6566979 TI - Managers must light harder for share of funds. PMID- 6566980 TI - Annual nursing lecture. PMID- 6566981 TI - College enthusiastic about new proposals. PMID- 6566982 TI - Royal College of Nursing: no surprise. PMID- 6566983 TI - Took up gauntlet. PMID- 6566984 TI - Advanced nursing practice. PMID- 6566985 TI - Royal College of Nursing: as you like it. PMID- 6566986 TI - Should not be the only type of care in the future. PMID- 6566987 TI - Why should we care about Griffiths? PMID- 6566988 TI - My year in Council. PMID- 6566989 TI - Changing face of College stewards. PMID- 6566991 TI - Microcomputers in nursing. PMID- 6566990 TI - Ethics in caring. PMID- 6566992 TI - No central funding for pilot studies. ENB encourages setting up of six new courses. PMID- 6566993 TI - The exact purpose of education. PMID- 6566995 TI - Stoma care nursing. PMID- 6566994 TI - Royal College of Nursing. First in China. PMID- 6566996 TI - How the nurse might approach ethical problems on the ward. PMID- 6566998 TI - In touch (RCN Society of Geriatric Nursing conference). PMID- 6566997 TI - How to remain an autonomous group with control over our own destiny. PMID- 6566999 TI - Nursing care in China. PMID- 6567000 TI - RCN team working non-stop on PRB evidence. Vital matters receiving RCN's urgent attention. PMID- 6567001 TI - Memorial Lecture hailed as highly significant for the profession. PMID- 6567002 TI - UKCC unveils consultation paper on minimum requirements for teachers of nursing, midwifery or health visiting. PMID- 6567003 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Complexity. PMID- 6567004 TI - Mixed response to district training officer position. PMID- 6567005 TI - Share my initial thoughts with members. PMID- 6567006 TI - Competitive health care. PMID- 6567007 TI - I can start that I.V. with one attempt. PMID- 6567008 TI - Use of a mini-infuser syringe pump for the self-administration of I.V. antibiotics in the home. PMID- 6567009 TI - Role of I.V. and transfusion nurses in autologous transfusion. PMID- 6567010 TI - An I.V. specialty team can mean savings for hospital and patient. PMID- 6567011 TI - I.V. filters: a standard of care. PMID- 6567013 TI - One alternative to the Intrasil catheter for peripherally induced central venous catheterization. PMID- 6567012 TI - The I.V. solution. A home care alternative. PMID- 6567014 TI - Expert testimony: the I.V. nurse's responsibility. PMID- 6567015 TI - Marketing yourself in the I.V. nursing specialty. PMID- 6567017 TI - Anatomy of the NLN of the future--we want your ideas. PMID- 6567016 TI - Legislative aspects of I.V. therapy. PMID- 6567018 TI - Cherchez les femmes. PMID- 6567019 TI - Bonding of nursing practice and education through research. PMID- 6567020 TI - Educating professional nurses for clinical practice. PMID- 6567022 TI - Indwelling catheter care: a run-through. PMID- 6567021 TI - Graduate education in gerontological nursing revisited. PMID- 6567023 TI - "Nurse, I want to read my chart". PMID- 6567024 TI - 5 famous fallacies about pressure sores. PMID- 6567025 TI - Learning the basics of cardiac monitors. PMID- 6567026 TI - Respiratory acidosis: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6567027 TI - Spiritual care: remembering your patients' forgotten needs. PMID- 6567028 TI - Flowcharts to facilitate caring for ostomy patients. Part 2: Immediate postop care. PMID- 6567029 TI - Magnet hospitals: why they attract nurses. PMID- 6567030 TI - Thrombocytopenia: don't let it make a big problem out of nothing. PMID- 6567031 TI - The critical path of adrenocortical insufficiency. PMID- 6567032 TI - Medication errors: check the patient's identification band before giving a medication. PMID- 6567033 TI - Test your knowledge of emergency nursing. PMID- 6567034 TI - Life after failing the boards. PMID- 6567035 TI - Bridging the communication gap. PMID- 6567037 TI - Back to basics: controlling postoperative infection. PMID- 6567036 TI - Assessment under pressure: when your patient says, "my head hurts" (continuing education). PMID- 6567038 TI - Shock: physiology, signs and symptoms. PMID- 6567039 TI - Flowcharts to facilitate caring for ostomy patients. Part 1: Preop assessment. PMID- 6567040 TI - Bradycardia: the signals of a slowing heart. PMID- 6567041 TI - Prevent shivering during hypothermia treatment. PMID- 6567042 TI - It takes 2 to achieve compliance. PMID- 6567043 TI - Back from the brink: resuscitating and rehabilitating the M.I. patient. Nursing grand rounds. PMID- 6567044 TI - Anticholinergics and what to teach your patient about them. PMID- 6567045 TI - There is no higher religion than human service. PMID- 6567046 TI - Stopping bleeding with aminocaproic acid. PMID- 6567047 TI - Test your knowledge of cardiovascular nursing. PMID- 6567048 TI - Disturbances of bowel function. PMID- 6567049 TI - Stoma management. PMID- 6567050 TI - Diverting the flow. PMID- 6567051 TI - Stoma care: pre-operative preparation of the patient. PMID- 6567052 TI - Ileostomy--sexual problems and self-image. PMID- 6567053 TI - The cosmetics of stoma care. PMID- 6567054 TI - Investigation of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6567055 TI - How much should you be paid? PMID- 6567057 TI - OH nursing in the USA. 2. Company health care in action. PMID- 6567056 TI - A guide to the new asbestos regulations. PMID- 6567058 TI - Health promotion: the hard sell. PMID- 6567059 TI - Towards 1990. PMID- 6567060 TI - Protocols: guidelines for practice in occupational health care settings. PMID- 6567061 TI - The American Board for Occupational Health Nurses' role delineation and validation project. PMID- 6567062 TI - Vibration white finger: implications for occupational health nurses. PMID- 6567064 TI - The occupational health nurse--a physician's perspective. PMID- 6567063 TI - A premature infant joins the family: the OHN as health team member. PMID- 6567065 TI - Wellness programs in San Antonio. PMID- 6567066 TI - Tuberculosis and occupation in Eastern North Carolina. PMID- 6567067 TI - Occupational injury and illness profile of developmental center workers in New York. PMID- 6567068 TI - Nursing research in occupational health. PMID- 6567069 TI - OSHA issues new ethylene oxide standard. PMID- 6567070 TI - [Overview over special education 1969-1984]. PMID- 6567072 TI - [Planning of personnel staffing]. PMID- 6567071 TI - [Clinical instruction]. PMID- 6567073 TI - [Formation of instructional units]. PMID- 6567074 TI - [Nursing research]. PMID- 6567076 TI - [The reality of the nursing profession from a cultural viewpoint]. PMID- 6567075 TI - [Nursing research in practice]. PMID- 6567077 TI - Sudden infant death syndrome--a challenge. PMID- 6567078 TI - Thoughts on nursing autonomy. PMID- 6567079 TI - Children's concepts of illness: clinical applications. PMID- 6567080 TI - Vegetarian diets for children. PMID- 6567081 TI - Nurse practitioners' perceptions of workplace encroachment. PMID- 6567082 TI - Congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 6567083 TI - Initiating contraceptive use: how do young women decide? PMID- 6567084 TI - Pediatric management problems: Turner's syndrome. PMID- 6567085 TI - Practice management: adjusting to bureaucracy. PMID- 6567086 TI - [Pediatric drug information: The risk of DPT immunizations]. PMID- 6567088 TI - Codes and coping: a nursing tribute to Northrop Frye. PMID- 6567087 TI - Effect of prenatal dexamethasone on immunoreactive 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha levels in fetal rat lungs. AB - The effect of prenatal glucocorticoid treatment on levels of immunoreactive 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin) was studied in fetal rat lungs. During late gestation (20-22 days), levels of 6 keto-PGF1 alpha peaked at 21 days in offspring of control mothers. At a maternal dose of 0.2 mg/kg dexamethasone, maximal enhancement of fetal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels occurred at 20 days gestation. At a treatment dose of 0.4 mg/kg, however, dexamethasone increased fetal lung 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations throughout late gestation. Because maturation of fetal lung is known to be delayed in males relative to females, we also studied the impact of sex of the fetus on levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Our results showed no statistically significant differences between females and males in any of the treatment groups at any of the gestational ages studied. These results suggest that prenatal dexamethasone enhances endogenous levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in fetal rat lungs. Since prostacyclin may play important roles in fetal lung maturation and neonatal lung function, the effectiveness of prenatal glucocorticoid therapy for accelerating functional maturity of the fetal lung may in part be due to stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis. PMID- 6567089 TI - Measuring patient coping. PMID- 6567090 TI - Longitudinal follow-up of prematurely born children: predischarge outcomes of hospital stimulation programme. PMID- 6567091 TI - Longitudinal follow-up of prematurely born children: outcomes of home stimulation programme to age four--a preliminary analysis. PMID- 6567092 TI - Systems of life No. 116. Setting up the systems-16. Urogenital system. PMID- 6567093 TI - Behind closed doors. Interview by Graham Anderson. PMID- 6567094 TI - Women of honour. Interview by Linda Wolfe. PMID- 6567095 TI - Old people in the community. One. Health visitors and preventive care. PMID- 6567096 TI - Patients who matter. PMID- 6567098 TI - Diabetes. One. Insulin without tears. PMID- 6567099 TI - Diabetes. Two. Foot lesions in diabetics: predisposing factors. PMID- 6567100 TI - Diabetes. Three. Helping diabetics help themselves. PMID- 6567097 TI - Psychological pain assessment. PMID- 6567101 TI - Manpower planning. One. An American approach. PMID- 6567102 TI - Manpower planning. Two. A system from Gloucestershire. PMID- 6567103 TI - Manpower planning. Three. Assessing workload by a nursing study. PMID- 6567104 TI - Aspects of hearing. Two. Functions of the cochlea. PMID- 6567106 TI - 'Changing attitudes, taking risks'. PMID- 6567105 TI - Mentally ill and homeless. PMID- 6567107 TI - Images of nursing. What do the public think of nurses? PMID- 6567108 TI - Cause for complaint. Two. A lack of communication. PMID- 6567109 TI - Soft shoe reshuffle? PMID- 6567110 TI - Is autonomy really what we want? PMID- 6567111 TI - Obsessional-compulsive disorder. PMID- 6567112 TI - Knowledge isn't everything. PMID- 6567113 TI - Old people in the community. Three. Screening for health. PMID- 6567114 TI - Behind the scenes. PMID- 6567115 TI - Diabetes. Four. Foot lesions in diabetics. Care of a patient. PMID- 6567116 TI - Epidural analgesia. PMID- 6567117 TI - Manpower planning. Four. The quality of nursing services. PMID- 6567118 TI - Learning about nursing research. PMID- 6567120 TI - Homes for sale? PMID- 6567119 TI - The future of nurse education. PMID- 6567121 TI - HVA: the odd alliance. PMID- 6567122 TI - Models and theories: defining the terms. PMID- 6567123 TI - Pressure sores. One. Measuring pressure sores accurately. PMID- 6567125 TI - Pressure sores. Three. Relieving the pressure. PMID- 6567124 TI - Pressure sores. Two. Heel aids. PMID- 6567126 TI - Problem of the ward manager. Seven. A case of acute reactive depression. PMID- 6567127 TI - Images of nursing. Two. What do nurses think of nurses? PMID- 6567128 TI - Manpower planning period. Five. Criteria for care. PMID- 6567129 TI - Keeping confidence in the profession. PMID- 6567130 TI - Computers in nursing. Computer terminology: floppy disks. PMID- 6567131 TI - Computers in nursing: management made easier. PMID- 6567132 TI - Computers in nursing. Learning to live with a computer. PMID- 6567133 TI - [Nurses in Kupat Holom clinics: qualifications and trends--1981-1983]. PMID- 6567134 TI - [Doctor-nurse relationship]. PMID- 6567135 TI - [The shaping of children's surroundings in the Carmel Hospital Pediatric Department]. PMID- 6567136 TI - [Primary community assistance]. PMID- 6567137 TI - [Unique aspects in the care of the oncological patient]. PMID- 6567138 TI - Symposium on current topics in cardiac nursing. PMID- 6567139 TI - The role of the nurse in modification of cardiac risk factors. AB - This paper describes the status that cardiovascular disease, and specifically coronary artery disease, maintains in the mortality and morbidity rates of the United States. Because of their importance, the coronary artery disease risk factors are discussed from the perspective of selected functional health patterns. Nurses are in a unique position to diagnose and treat human responses to actual or potential health problems. Since the cardiac risk factors are defined as behavioral responses to an adapted lifestyle, recommendations for nursing in the areas of practice, education, and research are directed toward effecting behavior change. PMID- 6567140 TI - Assessing and intervening with families of CCU patients. AB - Until recently, attention to the needs of the family of a CCU patient has been minimal. However, it is an interplay now recognized between meeting the needs of both patient and family. Patients are members of families and a holistic approach to patient care warrants addressing the needs of both patient and family. Owing to the life-threatening nature of the illness, a family member's admission to a CCU has a significant impact on the family system. In turn, this may affect the patient and the recovery process. Family needs can be conceptually categorized as emotional, informational, physical, and spiritual. When family needs are met, members are more capable of offering support to the patient. Thus, addressing the needs of the family can enhance the family support system. Several family interventions have been suggested in this article. Sources for ascertaining family needs are the patient, the patient's chart, individual family members, and current literature. Meeting privately with family members, involving them in the patient's care, and keeping them informed about the patient's progress are just a few effective means of meeting these needs. Greater emphasis too should be placed on identifying and meeting the physical and spiritual needs of families. These may be easily met and impact upon family coping. Addressing family needs can support coping and decrease anxiety related to the cardiac event. In turn, the patient can benefit from the support offered by a family which is less anxious and able to contribute to the recovery process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6567141 TI - Rehabilitation of the female patient after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6567142 TI - Assessing the educational needs of post-myocardial infarction patients. AB - Nurses involved in cardiac rehabilitation have a responsibility and an opportunity to promote positive changes in lifestyle through patient education programs. Assessing patients' needs and setting goals with the patient are essential for attainment of the maximum benefit from the educational program. The problem of dwindling resources and pressures to control health care costs have complicated the delivery of this care in some institutions. The educational strategy chosen by the nurse will depend on the resources available. Nevertheless, whichever strategy is chosen, the nurse, by virtue of his or her role in the health care delivery system and specialized knowledge, can still significantly impact on the successful goal attainment of goals for increasing numbers of post-myocardial infarction patients. PMID- 6567143 TI - The health belief model and cardiac rehabilitation. AB - The Health Belief Model and the questionnaire presented can be a useful tool in providing professional nursing care of the cardiac patient. The HBM has evolved through different purposes and uses, but always has as its underlying goal that of predicting behavior. Utilizing this specific tool, the HBM framework not only aids in predicting behavior but also indicates areas in a patient's health beliefs where nurses may intervene and provide quality care. PMID- 6567144 TI - Living with coronary artery disease. The nurse's role. AB - Patients returning home from the hospital after experiencing an acute myocardial infarction have to make adjustments in their lifestyle in living with coronary artery disease. This article addressed the nurse's role as it relates to the early and late convalescence of patients in helping them in their adjustments and in their participation in organized community "caring and sharing" groups. An essential element is to consider the patient as part of a family structure so that family needs might be assessed and met through individual or group sessions and by the use of appropriate resources. PMID- 6567145 TI - Symposium on congenital heart disease in adults. PMID- 6567146 TI - Acyanotic obstructive lesions. Coarctation of the aorta and congenital aortic stenosis. AB - The primary physiologic effect of coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis is impedence of blood flow out of the left ventricle, producing left ventricular strain. If unchecked, this progresses on a continuum leading to left-sided failure. Patients are asymptomatic in their younger years. With time, both defects progressively worsen, and may require surgical intervention in the teenage or adult years. While early and late postoperative results are quite good, these patients with obstructive lesions need continued medical and nursing follow-up throughout their adult years. PMID- 6567147 TI - Acyanotic left-to-right shunts. PMID- 6567148 TI - Cyanotic congenital heart disease with decreased pulmonary blood flow. PMID- 6567150 TI - The Eisenmenger syndrome. PMID- 6567149 TI - Surgical repair of cyanotic cardiac defects in young adults. The Fontan procedure and use of the extracardiac valved conduit. AB - Improvement in the health status of young adults with complex cyanotic congenital cardiac defects has been realized with recent advances in cardiovascular surgical techniques. The Fontan procedure and its modifications have allowed physiologic correction of tricuspid atresia by separating the pulmonary and systemic circulations and creating a direct connection from right atrium to pulmonary artery. The extracardiac valved conduit has been successfully used in the repair of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, and the triad of transposition of the great vessels, ventricular septal defect, and pulmonary stenosis. Nursing implications for the care of these patients in the postoperative period and their long-term management has been addressed. Advances in surgical techniques have brought these anomalies into the realm of surgical repair and have increased the life expectancy of these patients, and thus more patients with these cardiac defects will be seen in adult cardiology settings. PMID- 6567151 TI - Nursing Mirror Mental Health Forum: the art of applying the Act. PMID- 6567152 TI - Nurse in a goldfish bowl. Interview by Martin Vousden. PMID- 6567154 TI - Nurses in society: breaking a tradition. PMID- 6567153 TI - The little things that frighten me. PMID- 6567155 TI - Why apologize for being male? PMID- 6567156 TI - Careers series: a new perspective. PMID- 6567157 TI - Don't do as I do. PMID- 6567158 TI - Nurses and mental health law. 8. The six-hour deadline. PMID- 6567160 TI - Diagnosing obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6567159 TI - United team in Manchester. PMID- 6567161 TI - Patients certainly need patience! PMID- 6567162 TI - Sexuality and the cancer sufferer. PMID- 6567163 TI - The intensiveness of care. PMID- 6567164 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. A little knowledge. PMID- 6567166 TI - Power through the people. PMID- 6567165 TI - A vital link takes shape. PMID- 6567167 TI - Canada: education. A spirit of elitism. PMID- 6567168 TI - Canada: hospital report. The road to success. PMID- 6567169 TI - Home is where the heart is. PMID- 6567171 TI - Management. Going for goal. PMID- 6567170 TI - Light fantastic. PMID- 6567172 TI - Careers series. Stepping up the ladder. PMID- 6567173 TI - Prevention is better than cure. PMID- 6567174 TI - Managing obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6567175 TI - Medicine management. PMID- 6567176 TI - Cutting down on errors--and drugs. PMID- 6567177 TI - Get up off the floor and kick back. PMID- 6567178 TI - Cervical cancer. 1. Pathology and research. PMID- 6567179 TI - Career series: life is an education. PMID- 6567180 TI - It pays to advertise. PMID- 6567181 TI - Canada: practice. Bring in the specials. PMID- 6567182 TI - Canada: management. On top in Ontario. PMID- 6567183 TI - Careering towards a specialty. PMID- 6567184 TI - Nursing care study. Escort to Africa. PMID- 6567185 TI - Nursing care study. Tubeway to recovery. PMID- 6567186 TI - Seeking the ideal middle path. PMID- 6567187 TI - Venous access devices: an overview. PMID- 6567188 TI - Teaching strategies for an ambulatory chemotherapy program. PMID- 6567189 TI - HLA typing: implications for nurses. PMID- 6567190 TI - Breast self-examination: practices and attitudes of registered nurses. PMID- 6567191 TI - Childhood cancer: a pilot study of assessment of parenteral stress. PMID- 6567192 TI - Health behaviors of family members of cancer and cardiac patients. PMID- 6567193 TI - An information guide for patients receiving head/neck radiation. PMID- 6567194 TI - Selecting an instrument to measure quality of life. PMID- 6567195 TI - [Effect of clonidine on various components of the plasma kinin system in patients with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6567196 TI - [Effect of the combined use of various antibiotics on the bacterial flora of burn wounds]. PMID- 6567197 TI - Purification and characterization of rat plasma kallikrein. AB - Kallikrein enzyme initially was isolated from rat plasma by passage of citrated plasma through a DEAE-Sephadex column at pH 7.2. The active fraction was purified to electrophoretic apparent homogeneity by precipitation to 60% ammonium sulfate saturation, sequential passage through DE-52 cellulose, Sephadex G-200 and SP Sephadex columns and finally by chromatofocusing on a PBE-94 column. The kallikrein content of each fraction during purification was monitored on the synthetic substrate N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) and by its ability to form kinin from heat-treated rat plasma. The molecular weight was estimated by gel filtration to be 50,000 and by SDS-gel electrophoresis 41,000. Multiple isozymic forms were obtained with pI values ranging from 4.2 to 5.0. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 8.3. The Km and Vmax values for TAME, Bz-pro-phe-arg pNA and H-D-val-leu-lys-pNA were 1.6, 0.16 and 1.7 mM and 3.09, 0.96 and 0.25 microM/mg/min respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor but not by lima bean trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 6567198 TI - [Child health protection]. PMID- 6567199 TI - [Penal code responsibility]. PMID- 6567201 TI - [Problems of people on dialysis]. PMID- 6567200 TI - [Evaluation sheet]. PMID- 6567202 TI - [Health--environmental conditions and positive measures]. PMID- 6567203 TI - [Mental health care]. PMID- 6567204 TI - [Biological and mental needs of dialysis patients]. PMID- 6567205 TI - ["How we choose peace".... Interview by Maria Lesnikowska]. PMID- 6567206 TI - [The business of midwives.... Interview by Iwona Krysiak]. PMID- 6567207 TI - [Born with a silver spoon in her mouth]. PMID- 6567208 TI - [I defend a school for the workers]. PMID- 6567210 TI - [Child physical fitness training]. PMID- 6567209 TI - [Interchangeability of nutritional products]. PMID- 6567211 TI - [Congenital dysplasia of the hip joint]. PMID- 6567212 TI - [Drug management]. PMID- 6567214 TI - Symposium on common pediatric problems. PMID- 6567213 TI - The clinical evaluation of the febrile infant. AB - Fever in infants (age less than 24 months) is a medical urgency because of the possibility that a severe bacterial infection may be present. A clinical approach to this recurring dilemma is provided to help the practitioner avoid the twin dangers of either missing a serious infection or embarking on an over-exuberant diagnostic work-up. PMID- 6567215 TI - Emergency pediatrics. Priorities and stabilization. AB - A systematic and expeditious approach to the emergency in the pediatric patient requires strict attention to prioritization of activities, assessment, and treatment. Only then can the clinician approach the patient with competency while maintaining sensitivity toward the unique needs of children. PMID- 6567216 TI - Hyperactivity. AB - Overactivity and poor attention span are symptoms for which there are several possible causes. The physician's role is to assist the family and school in recognizing the specific cause of the hyperactivity, institute appropriate treatment, and document and evaluate that treatment is effective. PMID- 6567217 TI - Apnea of infancy and childhood. AB - Apnea of infancy and obstructive sleep apnea in older children are being more widely recognized as potential causes of morbidity and mortality in children. Much controversy exists surrounding the relationship of apnea of infancy to SIDS and the treatment of apnea in infancy, particularly home monitoring. Obstructive sleep apnea in older children is somewhat better defined, and therapy is generally more definitive. PMID- 6567218 TI - Nocturnal enuresis. AB - The plethora of treatments for enuresis points to the shortcomings of each of them. While no single approach is consistently successful, some modalities are superior for particular age groups. This article compares the benefits and risks of motivational counseling, bladder exercises, self-awakening programs, enuresis alarms, and medications. PMID- 6567219 TI - Encopresis. AB - Retentive (impacted) and nonretentive encopresis should be separated because the treatment for each type is radically different. The rectal examination is the definitive test. Children with retentive encopresis need enemas, stool softeners, and mandatory sitting on the toilet; children with nonretentive soiling usually respond to behavioral management. PMID- 6567220 TI - Acute gastroenteritis syndromes in children. AB - The most common conditions of gastroenteritis in children and avoidance of errors in their management are emphasized in this article. PMID- 6567221 TI - Child abuse and neglect. The role of the primary care physician in recognition, treatment, and prevention. AB - The present state of knowledge in the field of child abuse and neglect is reviewed, and the role of the primary care physician in the recognition, management, treatment, and prevention of child abuse is discussed. PMID- 6567222 TI - Developmental screening. AB - In addition to the treatment of diseases, the current emphasis is for primary care physicians to foster growth and development of children under their care. Early and routine monitoring of growth are essential in identifying children who fall below the norm. A two-stage screening process is recommended. PMID- 6567224 TI - Continuing education update: certification exam for ARN in 1984. PMID- 6567225 TI - Alternative approaches to measuring nursing: Gilligan's and Kohlberg's moral development scales. PMID- 6567223 TI - Assessing normal growth. AB - Guidelines are provided to help the physician differentiate growth patterns that are normal from those that are not. Basic tools and clinical findings are described, including proper measurement of height and plotting of data on growth charts. PMID- 6567226 TI - An education program about stroke. PMID- 6567227 TI - Level of cognitive functioning: a basis for nursing care of the head injured person. PMID- 6567228 TI - Physiologic responses of patients with systemic lupus and implications for rehabilitation. PMID- 6567231 TI - [Positions or internships abroad]. PMID- 6567230 TI - Physiological basis of the sex difference in cardiorespiratory endurance. PMID- 6567232 TI - [Story without words or nonverbal communication]. PMID- 6567233 TI - [Beverages]. PMID- 6567229 TI - Exercise and renal function. AB - Exercise induces profound changes in the renal haemodynamics and in electrolyte and protein excretion. Effective renal plasma flow is reduced during exercise. The reduction is related to the intensity of exercise and renal blood flow may fall to 25% of the resting value when strenuous work is performed. The combination of sympathetic nervous activity and the release of catecholamine substances is involved in this process. The reduction of renal blood flow during exercise produces a concomitant effect on the glomerular filtration rate, though the latter decreases relatively less than the former during exertion. However, the degree of hydration has an important influence on the glomerular filtration rate. An antidiuretic effect is observed during intense exercise. Changes in urine flow are dependent on the plasma antidiuretic hormone levels which are increased by intense exercise. Heavy exercise has an inhibitory effect on most electrolytes (Na, Cl, Ca, P). With potassium, however, most studies report that potassium excretion is not consistently affected by moderate to heavy exercise. Increased aldosterone production helps the body to maintain sodium by increasing its reabsorption from the filtered tubular fluid. Recent studies suggest that sympathetic stimulation may be involved during exercise. Strenuous work leads to an increased excretion of erythrocytes and leucocytes in urine. Cylindruria has been regularly found in postexercise urine in different sports. Postexercise proteinuria is a common phenomenon in humans. It seems to be directly related to the intensity of exercise, rather than to its duration. This excretion of proteins in urine is a transient state with a half-time of approximately 1 hour. Postexercise proteinuria has a pattern different from normal physiological proteinuria. Immunochemical techniques demonstrate that postexercise proteinuria is of the mixed glomerular-tubular type, the former being predominant. The increased clearance of plasma proteins suggests an increased glomerular permeability and a partial inhibition of tubular reabsorption of macromolecules. Haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria may be observed under special exercise conditions. The degree of hydration appears to be important to reduce these abnormalities. PMID- 6567234 TI - [What came first, the egg or the prejudice? Myths and realities about a food through the analysis of its fats]. PMID- 6567235 TI - [Nurse's role in the control of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6567236 TI - [Women and menopause]. PMID- 6567237 TI - [From primary care to terminal illness: psychology, technics and communication of the nurse]. PMID- 6567238 TI - [Primary health care. A road for the Spanish nurse]. PMID- 6567239 TI - [Nurse's role in primary care]. PMID- 6567240 TI - [The terminal patient. Rights. Psychological aspects and nursing care]. PMID- 6567241 TI - [Illness and hospitalization as psychopathological entities]. PMID- 6567242 TI - [Language and communication]. PMID- 6567243 TI - [Thoracic surgery: pre and postoperative care]. PMID- 6567244 TI - [Caring for the person or curing the disease?]. PMID- 6567245 TI - Your patient's lipid profile. PMID- 6567246 TI - Patient's advocate. When independence is good medicine. PMID- 6567247 TI - Permanent relief for temporary woes. PMID- 6567248 TI - What you need to know about cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6567249 TI - A lifesaving guide to blood products. PMID- 6567250 TI - Emergency! Dealing with seizures. PMID- 6567251 TI - The patient with a fistula, a colostomy, and an ileal conduit. PMID- 6567252 TI - TB: the disease that's not dead yet (continuing education). PMID- 6567253 TI - Helping the patient with vaginitis. PMID- 6567254 TI - What patients know about OTC limits. PMID- 6567255 TI - [Oncovin]. PMID- 6567256 TI - [Health care personnel]. PMID- 6567257 TI - [Anxieties of young nurses]. PMID- 6567258 TI - [The admissions staff at the hospital]. PMID- 6567259 TI - [Cancer patients, their families, their caregivers]. PMID- 6567260 TI - [Psychological study executed with the non-caregiving hospital staff at the Centers for the Campaign against Cancer]. PMID- 6567262 TI - [The nurse and multidisciplinary activities in oncology]. PMID- 6567261 TI - [Evaluation of 4 years of ostomy care]. PMID- 6567263 TI - [Medical evacuation by air]. PMID- 6567264 TI - [Psychosomatic study of flight disorders in flight personnel]. PMID- 6567265 TI - [Nurses' education in attending cancer patients]. PMID- 6567266 TI - [Avlocardyl]. PMID- 6567268 TI - [Electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6567269 TI - [Noninvasive ambulatory studies]. PMID- 6567267 TI - [Cardiac auscultation]. PMID- 6567270 TI - [Holter registration. Technic--normal and pathological results]. PMID- 6567271 TI - [Noninvasive ambulatory studies. Radiological studies]. PMID- 6567272 TI - [Noninvasive ambulatory studies. Clinical examination]. PMID- 6567273 TI - [Phonomechanography]. PMID- 6567274 TI - [Echocardiography]. PMID- 6567275 TI - [Tests for physical exertion endurance]. PMID- 6567276 TI - [Exercise tests. Technics, normal and pathological results]. PMID- 6567277 TI - [Infarction and obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6567278 TI - [The nurses in the cardiac surgery operating room]. PMID- 6567279 TI - [376 cases of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6567280 TI - [Obstetrical uterine ruptures in tropical areas]. PMID- 6567281 TI - [A hemorrhagic complication at the end of pregnancy: retroplacental hematoma]. PMID- 6567282 TI - [Vaccine combinations: vaccines against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and poliomyelitis]. PMID- 6567283 TI - [Detection of high-risk pregnancies overseas]. PMID- 6567284 TI - [230 million women in developing countries suffer from nutritional anemia]. PMID- 6567285 TI - [Parasitosis and pregnancy overseas]. PMID- 6567286 TI - [Continued education in geriatric care--a milestone in nursing education]. PMID- 6567287 TI - [Do nurses always know what is best for the elderly?]. PMID- 6567288 TI - [Provisions for the elderly should be reinforced]. PMID- 6567289 TI - [Intramuscular injections]. PMID- 6567290 TI - [Torture victims as patients: nurses' participation in a Danish pioneer project. Interview by Wenche Rud]. PMID- 6567291 TI - [Introduction to a discussion: why we like a 6-hour day]. PMID- 6567292 TI - [Is silence always gold?]. PMID- 6567293 TI - [Have corridor beds disappeared for good?]. PMID- 6567294 TI - [Some opportunity for others? Experiences with the sloproom according to the K principle]. PMID- 6567295 TI - [Nursing research--a necessity]. PMID- 6567296 TI - [Nursing of acute leukemia in adults]. PMID- 6567297 TI - [Perinatal care in Norway]. PMID- 6567298 TI - [Ethics. Nurses take but little part in discussions. Interview by Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6567299 TI - [Nursing is a strategy for health promotion]. PMID- 6567300 TI - [Nursing load must be measurable with reliable systems. Interview by Ulla Danielsen]. PMID- 6567301 TI - [Look for effects and point out consequences of reductions]. PMID- 6567302 TI - [Membershipwide discussion on proposal of policy program]. PMID- 6567303 TI - [Danish Nurses' Unemployment Fund. Work arrangement in strongest development of Unemployment Insurance Fund's activities]. PMID- 6567304 TI - [Do nurses manage nursing care in the wards?]. PMID- 6567305 TI - [Reductions. 900 employees in joint protest against closure of Deaconess Institute]. PMID- 6567306 TI - [Middlefart. Press report on the handling of the complaint and an answer]. PMID- 6567308 TI - [We will cooperate with others, but with open eyes]. PMID- 6567307 TI - [Ethics. Priority setting of resources is an ethical problem]. PMID- 6567309 TI - [Resolutions aren't worth the paper without follow-up]. PMID- 6567310 TI - [Outwardly give respect and create greatest possible unity]. PMID- 6567311 TI - [Fathers in families with infants]. PMID- 6567312 TI - [Personnel representatives must have better working conditions]. PMID- 6567313 TI - [Better protection for personnel ombudsman could mean fewer of them]. PMID- 6567314 TI - [Both assistants and suntan getters]. PMID- 6567316 TI - [Student activities. Collegiate spokesmen want to fight reductions]. PMID- 6567315 TI - [Professional and ethical motivation behind campaign for peace]. PMID- 6567317 TI - [Did Frederiksberg give the decisive blow to the Deaconess Institute?]. PMID- 6567318 TI - [We have kept our part of the agreement to the letter]. PMID- 6567319 TI - [We will press ahead to get a better working environment]. PMID- 6567320 TI - [Journal is and must be completely reliable]. PMID- 6567321 TI - [More and more work domains are taken over by other groups]. PMID- 6567322 TI - [Patients best served with entirely new treatment models. Interview by Ulla Holtegaard]. PMID- 6567323 TI - [Health policy. Nursing's role in Europe's primary health care]. PMID- 6567324 TI - [Health care. Contact visits can be used as measurement methods for health care needs]. PMID- 6567325 TI - [Can the influence of technology blow up in time?]. PMID- 6567326 TI - [Not the top, but grassroots formulate needs]. PMID- 6567327 TI - [EEC nurses must not lower Danish education level]. PMID- 6567328 TI - [Students have difficulty getting off for organizational activities]. PMID- 6567329 TI - [Modernization. Forum for discussion on renovation of the government]. PMID- 6567330 TI - [Nursing stations are important propellers in Greenlanders everyday life]. PMID- 6567331 TI - [Large majority favor regular primary election for negotiation results]. PMID- 6567332 TI - [Softening of decision on peace activities]. PMID- 6567333 TI - [Executive Board. The right to negotiate seeks joint action in the Danish Nursing Council]. PMID- 6567334 TI - [Work environment. Suffocating and irritating fumes and their physiological action mechanisms]. PMID- 6567335 TI - [Middelfart needs more nurses]. PMID- 6567336 TI - [Ethics. Humaneness is the doorway to ethics in nursing. Interview by Ulla Danielsen and Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6567337 TI - [Nurses' judgment can be compromised by the Exeter System]. PMID- 6567338 TI - [Middelfart. Gets candy when he crawls on all fours and barks like a dog]. PMID- 6567339 TI - [Middelfart. Head nurse: there has been poor nursing care. Interview by Peter Hjorth]. PMID- 6567340 TI - [Emergency rooms are not prepared for chemical and radioactive casualties]. PMID- 6567341 TI - [Ethics. What remains of respect for man?]. PMID- 6567342 TI - [Most don't get anywhere with complaints about troubles. Interview by Helle Kastholm]. PMID- 6567343 TI - [Should epidural catheters be an obstacle to nursing home admission?]. PMID- 6567344 TI - [Executive Board. Rapid follow-up of the congress and its resolutions]. PMID- 6567345 TI - [Good nursing practice in psychiatry, one who knows his job. Interview by Helle Kastholm]. PMID- 6567346 TI - [Ethics. There are no single answers to ethical questions]. PMID- 6567347 TI - [Good advice--for employees in distant countries]. PMID- 6567348 TI - [It was made clear at the admission--but no doctor]. PMID- 6567349 TI - [Patient's rights, needs and well-being should be in the center. Interview by Helle Kastholm]. PMID- 6567351 TI - [Homes for the aged with unacceptable conditions]. PMID- 6567350 TI - [In Turner's syndrome womanhood is important and not chromosomes]. PMID- 6567352 TI - [Service management--a challenge to nursing]. PMID- 6567353 TI - [Resource management. New research combines good nursing practice with reasonable working conditions]. PMID- 6567354 TI - [Psychiatry. Psychotherapy can also alleviate a number of psychoses. Interview by Peter Hjorth and Ulla Holtegaard]. PMID- 6567355 TI - [Lokken is holiday homes' Madame Blue. Interview by Teddy Koch]. PMID- 6567356 TI - [Regulations for nurses' vacation conditions]. PMID- 6567358 TI - [An international development which promotes teamwork]. PMID- 6567357 TI - [Suffering is part of life--and not an anomaly]. PMID- 6567359 TI - [Technology. Better work places and improved service with the new technology]. PMID- 6567360 TI - [Psychiatry. It also costs something to pretend to go along with reactions]. PMID- 6567361 TI - [Help for self-help takes time]. PMID- 6567362 TI - [Nursing. We can arrange solidarity with the past]. PMID- 6567363 TI - [Nurses on the road away from stifling care]. PMID- 6567364 TI - [Nursing. Only positive experiences with open kardex]. PMID- 6567365 TI - [Are they trying to introduce nursing home assistants into the hospital system?]. PMID- 6567366 TI - [Continuing education. Attack on our leaders' motives is envy]. PMID- 6567367 TI - [Families caught in the squeeze because of inadequate teamwork]. PMID- 6567368 TI - [Drug information (antacids)]. PMID- 6567370 TI - [There is no hidden reserve of nurses]. PMID- 6567369 TI - [Nursing research. Does nursing research make a difference?]. PMID- 6567371 TI - [Continuing education. Differences in a healthy and a sick health system]. PMID- 6567372 TI - [Health care. Health visitors comply with new reporting requirements]. PMID- 6567373 TI - [Carnival with 337 emergency room treatments]. PMID- 6567374 TI - [Wages and employment. Wage regulations for officials in temporary jobs]. PMID- 6567375 TI - [Psychiatry. Months of difficulties prevented with a 2-week course]. PMID- 6567376 TI - [Ethiopia. Home from a country plagued by drought and famine]. PMID- 6567377 TI - Perinatal plan. PMID- 6567378 TI - The role of the professional nurse. Smoking policies & hospitals. PMID- 6567379 TI - [Integrated approach. Patients with burns]. PMID- 6567380 TI - [When you burn your body your soul burns too. Interview by Jos Tenholter]. PMID- 6567382 TI - [Education for the burns nurse]. PMID- 6567381 TI - [General treatment of patients with burns]. PMID- 6567383 TI - [Nursing care of children with burns]. PMID- 6567384 TI - [Experiences of nurses in the Groningen Burn Center]. PMID- 6567386 TI - [Spiritual and mental problems of burn patients]. PMID- 6567385 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with burns]. PMID- 6567387 TI - [Aspects of plastic surgery problems in burn patients]. PMID- 6567388 TI - [The Society of Ex-Burn Patients]. PMID- 6567389 TI - [Medical information for nurses. The effect of light on the skin]. PMID- 6567390 TI - [A constant care. 1. The experiential world of the mentally retarded as criterion for optimal care]. PMID- 6567391 TI - [Primary nursing--report of a study trip to America]. PMID- 6567392 TI - [Torture, also a concern for nurses]. PMID- 6567393 TI - [Towards a support method for sheltered forms of living]. PMID- 6567394 TI - [A critical look at the nursing record]. PMID- 6567395 TI - [Can nursing care start from illness as a significant event in a human life?]. PMID- 6567396 TI - [A constant care (II). Alternative living]. PMID- 6567397 TI - [The patient newspaper as sociotherapy]. PMID- 6567398 TI - [Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 6567399 TI - [Applied chronobiology]. PMID- 6567401 TI - [Integrated approach: Suicide]. PMID- 6567400 TI - [Geriatric visit. 8. Sinking into old age through doing and thinking]. PMID- 6567402 TI - [Suicide: obstacles in rendering assistance]. PMID- 6567403 TI - [Suicide: a problem, but for whom?]. PMID- 6567405 TI - [This is how a nurse can feel. From a letter by a nurse]. PMID- 6567404 TI - [Saving someone and then leaving him to his fate? Nurses on the reception of persons attempting suicide in the first aid/emergency admission center]. PMID- 6567406 TI - [The practice of suicide--rendering assistance]. PMID- 6567407 TI - [Attention for suicide problems in nursing education: various recommendations and literature references]. PMID- 6567408 TI - [Medical information for nurses. Sexually transmissible disorders]. PMID- 6567409 TI - [First Ph.D. candidates graduated in Maastricht]. PMID- 6567410 TI - [What significance do jurisprudence and legislation have for nurses?]. PMID- 6567412 TI - [Development and organization of sociotherapy]. PMID- 6567411 TI - [Fear for anesthesia]. PMID- 6567413 TI - [Sign language: a gesture from and towards the mentally retarded]. PMID- 6567414 TI - [Values, standards and caregivers]. PMID- 6567415 TI - [Pain control through social work, fiction or reality? An elaboration of nonmedical somatic pain control]. PMID- 6567416 TI - [Medical information for nurses. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6567417 TI - [Professional practice and professional education of nurses]. PMID- 6567418 TI - [3d International Conference for Oncologic Nursing held in Melbourne (Australia) from 18-23 March 1984]. PMID- 6567419 TI - [A bit of philosophy at the farewell]. PMID- 6567420 TI - [Protection administration for those coming of age]. PMID- 6567421 TI - [Nurses from the Higher Professional Education for Nursing in health care practice]. PMID- 6567422 TI - [The importance of psychological characteristics in the diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 6567423 TI - [Continued education professional innovation. A new type of continuing education for nurses]. PMID- 6567424 TI - Alternative parenting patterns: clinical implications. PMID- 6567425 TI - The single father. PMID- 6567426 TI - Working parents: the dilemma of child rearing and career. PMID- 6567427 TI - The bonding process of mothers and adopted children. PMID- 6567428 TI - Interruption in parenting: the incarcerated mother. PMID- 6567429 TI - Parenting concerns of gay fathers. PMID- 6567430 TI - Adolescent pregnancy and parenting: the role of the nurse. PMID- 6567431 TI - Water immersion and the kidney: implications for volume regulation. AB - Studies from this laboratory have demonstrated that head-out immersion in isothermic water causes a cephalad redistribution of blood volume. The resultant central hypervolemia induces a marked natriuresis and diuresis and suppression of plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, and plasma arginine vasopressin. All of these changes are thought to be attributable to stimulation of cardiopulmonary receptors. Immersion also produces an augmentation of prostaglandin E (PGE) excretion, which reflects increased renal PGE synthesis. The ability of immersion in induce a prompt and profound central hypervolemia, without concomitant alterations in plasma composition, indicates that immersion might be a preferred investigative tool for assessing the effects of volume expansion on renal function and hormonal responsiveness in both normal individuals and patients with edematous disorders. In addition, this model constitutes an appropriate tool for simulating weightlessness. PMID- 6567432 TI - Nursing models as conceptual frameworks for research. PMID- 6567433 TI - The effect of a self-help group on feelings of hopelessness and helplessness. PMID- 6567434 TI - Conserving thermal energy and social integrity in the newborn. PMID- 6567435 TI - Identification of stress and coping skills within a critical care setting. PMID- 6567436 TI - Physiological determinants of a clinically successful method of endotracheal suction. PMID- 6567437 TI - Ethical issues in nursing research. PMID- 6567438 TI - Research in cultural diversity: directions for future research. PMID- 6567439 TI - Researchmanship: some issues in gaining access to subject participants for clinical nursing research. PMID- 6567440 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research: strategies for including statistical concepts in a course in research methodology for baccalaureate nursing students. PMID- 6567441 TI - Using research in practice: teaching research utilization. PMID- 6567442 TI - The effects of government policies on health service personnel. PMID- 6567444 TI - Dr. Antoinette Ragucci: an interview [by June Kikuchi and Eve Henderson]. PMID- 6567443 TI - A health service--at what price? PMID- 6567445 TI - Kinin activation as a predictive assay for adverse reactions to radiographic contrast medium. AB - The rate of conversion in vitro, of prekallikrein to kallikrein has been measured in 74 reactors to contrast medium and 70 controls. The conversion rate is significantly more rapid in reactors than controls. There was no difference in C1 esterase inhibitor and factor XII levels between reactors and controls. This retrospective investigation suggests that prekallikrein/kallikrein conversion rate may form the basis of a test for differentiating between reactors and non reactors. PMID- 6567446 TI - Clarification on 'shunting malignant ascites'. PMID- 6567447 TI - Breaking the chronic pain cycle. PMID- 6567448 TI - A VNA switches to primary nursing. PMID- 6567449 TI - Skin cancer's early warning system. PMID- 6567450 TI - The bilateral job interview. The interviewer prepares. PMID- 6567451 TI - The bilateral job interview. The interviewee prepares. PMID- 6567452 TI - Soap opera. Catalyst to communication. PMID- 6567453 TI - If your patient has contact lenses. PMID- 6567454 TI - The neglected crisis. PMID- 6567455 TI - You need someone older and wiser. PMID- 6567456 TI - Shopping for hardware. PMID- 6567457 TI - RN to BSN: a degree of difficulty. PMID- 6567459 TI - Roles of RNs change with changing times. PMID- 6567458 TI - Perceptions of nursing program administrators, nursing faculty, and RN-BSN students towards articulation between associate degree and baccalaureate nursing programs. PMID- 6567460 TI - Detection of elastase activity with a zymogram method after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. AB - A zymogram method for detecting elastase activity following isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel is described. After enzyme activity has been visualized, the gel itself is available for protein staining and for analysis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in second dimension. The zymogram method is suitable for detecting microgram amounts of elastase and has one step only. It can be used with the purified enzyme as well as with crude extracts of tissue containing elastases showing activity toward succinyl-(Ala)3-p nitroanilide. By this method a major component of elastase in both porcine and rat pancreas was detected. In addition, two forms of elastase with isoelectric points of 8.2 and 8.8, respectively, were identified in rat leukocyte extracts. PMID- 6567461 TI - The kinin system in exercise-induced asthma. AB - Seventeen asthmatic children, nine with and eight without exercise-induced asthma (EIA), and nine control non-asthmatic children were studied in an attempt to discern possible associations between the activity of the kinin system and EIA. Pulmonary function tests and clinical check-up were performed before and after 6 min of free-range running. Concomitant blood tests revealed a consistent elevation of the kallikrein levels following the exercise challenge in all experimental groups. However, only in the EIA positive group did this elevation exceed the normal laboratory range (16 +/- 7.0 mu/ml). Prekallikrein levels both before and after exercise did not exceed in any group the normal laboratory values. The findings thus suggest that provocation of EIA is associated with a certain threshold of kallikrein level below which no such symptoms are observed. EIA may be triggered only when kallikrein levels are in excess. PMID- 6567462 TI - Mevinolin plus colestipol in therapy for severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - Twelve patients with severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia, in whom other hypolipidemic drug therapy had failed to reduce serum cholesterol levels to less than 300 mg/dL, were sequentially treated with mevinolin (a specific inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis) and colestipol. In ten patients receiving 80 mg/d of mevinolin, plasma cholesterol concentrations decreased 33%, from 487 +/- 27 (SE) mg/dL to 326 +/- 16 mg/dL. Additional therapy with colestipol resulted in a further 18% decrease, to 269 +/- 13 mg/dL. Concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased in parallel (54% decrease on combined drug therapy). Plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol did not change significantly, but the LDL:HDL ratio decreased from 8.2 in patients on diet only to 3.8 in patients treated with mevinolin and colestipol. In seven patients treated with 40 mg/d of mevinolin, concentrations of LDL cholesterol decreased by 33%; combined therapy resulted in a further 20% decrease (46% reduction from the level achieved with diet only). No consistent side effects have been noted in up to 24 months of therapy. Combined therapy with mevinolin and colestipol promises to be effective for heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6567463 TI - [Catechins and flavanolic oligomers from Cupressus sempervirens L. Comparative in vitro elastase inhibitory and in vivo angioprotective activity]. PMID- 6567465 TI - [Primary structure of tRNA2Leu from the bovine udder. Determination of the oligonucleotide structure of the pyrimidyl-RNAse hydrolysate of tRNA2Leu by microspectrophotometric methods]. AB - tRNA2Leu from cow mammary gland has been degraded with pancreatic ribonuclease, and the fragments obtained were separated by DEAE-cellulose micro-column chromatography in 7 M urea at pH 7,5. Rechromatography was performed on a DEAE cellulose micro-column at pH 3,7 and also on Dowex 1 X 2 in a formiate system. Nucleotide analysis was carried out with the aid of T2-RNase hydrolysis followed by chromatography on anion-exchanger AG 1 X 8. Nucleosides were separated on Aminex A-6 at pH 9,8. 15 minor components were shown to be present: T, 2 psi, 2Um, 2D, m5C, ac4C, m1G, 2m2G, m22G, m1A and N, the N is not identified so far. The structure of oligonucleotides was established by terminal analysis, hydrolysis with T1-RNase and also using incomplete hydrolysis by the snake venom phosphodiesterase. PMID- 6567464 TI - Disparity between timed-kill and checkerboard methods for determination of in vitro bactericidal interactions of vancomycin plus rifampin versus methicillin susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The role of rifampin as an adjunctive agent to vancomycin in the therapy of serious systemic staphylococcal infections remains controversial. Several in vitro studies utilizing differing methodologies to define the bactericidal interactions of vancomycin plus rifampin versus Staphylococcus aureus have yielded markedly disparate results. The in vitro bactericidal synergistic activities of vancomycin plus rifampin were examined versus 48 clinical isolates of S. aureus, both methicillin susceptible and resistant. Each strain was tested simultaneously in timed-kill curve and checkerboard systems. By timed-kill curve, vancomycin plus rifampin usually had either an indifferent (67%) or synergistic (19 to 29%) effect, with a frequency dependent on sampling times; bactericidal antagonism was infrequently noted after 48 h of incubation (4%). Indifference was seen as a prevention of rifampin resistance by vancomycin. Synergy was more commonly noted at 48 than at 24 h of incubation. The bactericidal interaction results were similar for both methicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains. In contrast to the killing curve data, the checkerboard technique uniformly demonstrated bactericidal antagonism of vancomycin plus rifampin against all 48 staphylococci. We conclude that the nature of the in vitro bactericidal interactions of vancomycin plus rifampin against S. aureus is difficult to establish in vitro. This fact relates to the markedly disparate findings, which depended on both the synergy technique utilized and the test system conditions employed. In vivo studies are required to delineate the bactericidal interaction potentials of vancomycin plus rifampin versus S. aureus. PMID- 6567466 TI - [Primary structure of tRNA2Leu of bovine mammary gland. Oligonucleotides of T1 RNAse hydrolysate. Reconstruction of a total nucleotide sequence]. AB - The oligonucleotides obtained by digestion of tRNA2Leu from cow mammary gland with T1 RNase were separated by micro-column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose in 7 M urea at pH 7,5 and 3,7, and in addition on Dowex 1 x 2. The digest consisted of 18 individual components, the larger being a tridecanucleotide. Micro-column chromatography of nucleotides on anion-exchanger AG 1 x 8 and nucleosides on Aminex A-6 was used to determine the base composition of the oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotide structure was established using terminal analysis, hydrolysis by pancreatic and U2-RNases and incomplete hydrolysis by snake venom phosphodiesterases. The total primary structure of tRNA2Leu was derived from overlapping fragments isolated after its complete hydrolysis with pancreatic and T1 RNase and using data obtained on S1-nuclease digestion of tRNA. The methods of rapid gel-sequencing were also employed for checking the nucleotide sequence of tRNA2Leu from cow mammary gland. PMID- 6567467 TI - [A new low molecular-weight protein effector of human complement from the venom of the Central Asian cobra Naja naja oxiana]. AB - Six protein effectors of human complement were isolated from the whole venom of the Central Asian cobra Naja naja oxiana. Three of them have acidic properties and molecular weights of 61 000, 5000 and 3000, and the rest are basic proteins with molecular weights of 54 000, 9000 and 7000. Two low molecular weight basic proteins CFB-II and CFB-III are isolated in as high amounts as 115 and 85 mg per g of dry venom. All the effectors inhibit the classical pathway of complement activation and, with the exception of CFB-II and CFB-III, the alternative pathway. The latter, on the contrary, enhances the alternative pathway of activation. N-Terminal sequence determination for CFB-III demonstrated its identity to the earlier characterized cytotoxin II. The action of CFB-III on the classical pathway of complement activation consists in the component C4 inactivation. A mechanism for the CFB-III activation of the alternative pathway is proposed implying the CFB-III induced transformation of the C3 component into a C3b-like one producing a soluble C3 convertase. PMID- 6567468 TI - [Effective method of simultaneous isolation from human serum of highly purified factors B and D of the alternative pathway of complement activation]. AB - A simple method for isolation from human serum of the complement alternative pathway factor B, in a yield over 40% and purity over 80% with respect to protein, has been developed. Such a high yield was reached due to rejection of ammonium sulphate fractionation and employment of only two chromatographic stages: on CM-Sephadex C-50 and on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. An additional chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-50 provides factor B of 100% purity but with a loss of some amount of protein (yield approximately 20%). One of the fractions, obtained at the first stage of factor B purification, contained also factor D. After rechromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 it afforded factor D in yield more than 60% and purity above 100%. PMID- 6567469 TI - Nitrogen-15-labeled yeast tRNAPhe: double and two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR of guanosine and uracil ring NH groups. AB - 5N1-Labeled hypoxanthine and 1,3-15N-labeled uracil were synthesized chemically and used to prepare labeled yeast tRNAPhe biosynthetically. Maps (500 MHz) of 15N chemical shift vs. proton chemical shift were obtained, for each ring NH group, by means of INDOR (difference heterodecoupling) and also by means of a proton observe two-dimensional method involving coherences of forbidden resonances of the NH system. Resonances of GC11, T54-m1A58, GU4, and A psi 31 were confirmed, assigned, or reassigned. psi 39 was found to be in anti conformation, not syn as previously stated. Almost all the uracil NH group resonances could be separated, but most of the GC resonances are too close even in two dimensions to be separately resolved with the observed 20-Hz 15N line width. PMID- 6567470 TI - Cholesterol synthesis and esterification in cultured intestinal mucosa. Evidence for compartmentation. AB - The current studies were undertaken to define the optimal conditions for measuring the absolute rates of cholesterol synthesis in cultured rabbit intestine and to assess whether the rate of sterol synthesis affects the esterification of locally formed or absorbed cholesterol. Using both [3H]water or [14C]octanoate (3 mM) as a precursor, sterol formation was linear during the 24 h culture, resulting in comparable estimates of the rate of synthesis equivalent to 129.5 and 118.7 nmol acetyl CoA incorporated per g per h, respectively. The presence of liposomal cholesterol or the hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor mevinolin suppressed the rates of cholesterol synthesis by 24 and 92% of controls, respectively. Only 12% of total newly synthesized cholesterol was recovered in the medium and more than 97% was in the unesterified form, in both medium and biopsy. Even when the rate of sterol synthesis was stimulated over 90 fold by increasing concentrations of [14C]mevalonolactone, less than 8% of the label in total cholesterol was found in the sterol nucleus of the esterified cholesterol. Rather, the majority of the cholesterol ester-bound radioactivity was incorporated into the fatty acid moiety. On the other hand, there was only a limited decrease in the esterification of absorbed [3H]cholesterol both when the rate of sterol synthesis was increased with 10 mM mevalonolactone and when it was inhibited with mevinolin. The data suggest that locally synthesized and absorbed cholesterol is organized in distinct functional pools with different degrees of esterification in the mucosal epithelial cell. PMID- 6567471 TI - Fifth Harrison lecture 1984: the development of a specialty. PMID- 6567472 TI - Implementing a computer system. A guide for nursing. PMID- 6567473 TI - A computer communications primer. PMID- 6567474 TI - Getting started: more leftovers & practicalities. PMID- 6567475 TI - Tumor localization of Lewis lung carcinoma with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. AB - Mouse 6D6 IgG2a and 5B5 IgM monoclonal antibodies which specifically bind murine lung carcinoma cells (3LL cells) were injected to healthy and tumor-bearing mice. In vivo localization was analyzed by counting the tissue radioactivity and by external gamma ray scintigraphy at various times after IV injection of 125I- or 131I-labeled antibodies. The clearance of the two monoclonal antibodies was not modified by the presence of the tumor, and the 6D6 IgG2a was cleared at a rate slower than the 5B5 IgM. Both antibodies gave a high specific uptake at the tumor level; the tumor-to-healthy tissue ratios were higher with the 6D6 IgG2a than the 5B5 IgM; unspecific mouse immunoglobulins (IgG2) did not localize in the tumor. The amount of 6D6 IgG2a antibody still associated with the tumor after 2 days following IV injection was 10 times higher than that of 5B5 IgM, and was still high enough to localize the tumor after 5 days. Imaging experiments confirmed the ability of 6D6 IgG2a to detect the presence of tumor cells. The targeting kinetics determined by computer analysis of camera images indicated a rapid targeting of antibodies in tumor with a maximal concentration after 4-6 h; after 48 h the background was quite low and the 6D6 IgG2a appeared to be specifically localized in the tumor. PMID- 6567476 TI - Thymus function in patients with resectable lung carcinoma. AB - A series of 43 patients (median age 57 years, range 39-73) underwent biopsy of the thymic area during resection for primary lung cancer (16 with negative nodes and 27 with positive nodes). In 22 cases in which study of lymphocyte subpopulations was possible T6 precursor thymocytes were found (mean 57%). T4 and T8 cells were present in proportions of 53% and 47%, respectively, equally distributed between T6 and T3 cells. A well-defined lobular structure was found in 11 cases and active thymic tissue with poorly defined lobules in 21 cases. There was no correlation of active thymus tissue either with age or with lymph node status. It is hypothesized that thymic tissue undergoes regeneration in response to tumor development, 50% of thymocytes being of the suppressor type in early tumors. Thymic structure in advanced cancer has not yet been studied. PMID- 6567477 TI - Antitumor activity with nontoxic doses of protein A. AB - This report confirms our previous observation that IV inoculation of purified protein A causes regression of rat mammary adenocarcinomas. In treated tumors, we have obtained histological evidence of changes indicating tumor cell destruction. Protein A treatment does not cause reduction in the body weight or organ weights of rats; nor does it cause any decrease in activity of the enzymes of the microsomal mixed function oxidase system in the liver. Protein A stimulates peripheral white cell counts in normal rats, but not in tumor-bearing rats. We found that protein A infusion reduced (P less than 0.0005) the level of circulating plasma immune complex concentration. A homing study with 125I-labeled protein A indicated that liver, spleen, and kidney tissues are the major sites of protein A accumulation. Therefore, protein A seemed to exert its antitumor effects without causing any generalized toxicity to the system. It is postulated that the action of protein A may be related to its ability to cause a drastic reduction in circulating plasma immune complex concentration, thus potentiating the immune reactivity of the host observed earlier. PMID- 6567478 TI - Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of the immunoadjuvant peptidoglycan monomer PGM in mice bearing MCa mammary carcinoma. AB - The antitumor and antimetastatic activities of the water-soluble peptidoglycan monomer GlnNAc-Mur-NAc-L-Ala-D-iso-Gln-meso-diamminopimelic acid (omega-NH2)-D Ala-D-Ala (PGM), which has immunostimulant effects, have been evaluated in CBA mice bearing MCa mammary carcinoma. The antineoplastic effects of PGM depend strictly on the dosage and treatment schedule used. Though a significant inhibition of the primary tumor growth is observed over a wide range of dosage, only the IV administration of daily doses of 50 mg/kg/day on days 1, 5, 10, 15 inhibits spontaneous lung metastasis formation and in parallel prolongs the survival time of the treated mice. The magnitude of the antimetastatic effects of PGM depends on the degree of dissemination of the tumor, and is greater when the number of metastatic foci is low. Examination of the therapeutic potential of PGM in combination with surgery has further indicated that the timing of administration plays an important role in the overall effectiveness of this substance. A 5-day interval is necessary between two consecutive injections for the induction of significant increases of the survival times. PMID- 6567479 TI - Monocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in cancer patients. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) mediated by peripheral blood monocytes was determined in 120 patients who had gastrointestinal tract (GIT), lung and breast cancer, melanoma, or Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Results were expressed in terms of maximum cytotoxicity and cytotoxicity at E:T = 1:10 and were compared with the results obtained in 63 normal subjects. There was a significant decrease in maximal cytotoxicity for both the GIT cancer and the melanoma patient groups, but not for any of the other groups. These differences were not confirmed when results were expressed at low effector: target cell ratios, e.g., cytotoxicity at E:T = 1:10. The relationship between monocyte ADCC and disease extent was examined in those groups with sufficient numbers. Monocyte ADCC was higher in patients with GIT cancer of limited extent than in patients with extensive GIT cancer and in the control group. PMID- 6567480 TI - Functional characterization of the microcirculation in tumors. AB - This review describes some aspects of tumor vessels and the influence of vasoactive agents on tumor blood flow, particularly the characteristic microcirculation of tumors with regard to its selective increase in blood flow. Elevation of blood pressure by infusion of angiotensin II produced a severalfold increase in tumor blood flow. The increase was selective and specific to the tumor vessels as long as the mean arterial blood pressure was kept under 150 mm Hg. Pressure elevation by angiotensin II also selectively increased tumor oxygen tension and influx of lymph flow from the primary transplanted lesion to the lymph node metastatic lesion. Newly devised techniques for analyzing microhemodynamics of tumor vessels showed that the velocity of tumor blood flow, the vascular area in tumor tissue, and the hydrostatic pressure difference between the tumor vessel and extravascular tissue were markedly enhanced. Thus, the extravasation of material into tumor tissues can be increased by the enhancement of blood flow. This demonstration allowed the development of a new approach to cancer chemotherapy, in which the delivery to tumor tissue of systemically administered anticancer drugs can be selectively enhanced. PMID- 6567481 TI - The role of cancer cell motility in invasion. PMID- 6567482 TI - The propagation of cancer, a process of tissue remodeling. Studies in histophysiologic gradient culture. AB - Effective study of the malignant phenotype at the tissue level requires model systems that are intelligible both to cell biologists and to pathologists, and that also observe the spatial imperatives intrinsic to tissues in nature. Malignant cells commonly appear in multicellular units, and growth of tumor tissue is seen as an increase in the number of cells and multicellular units. The supporting stroma frequently has an abnormal appearance, and this component of the tissue also increases in mass as the tumor enlarges and spreads. The direction of invasion is influenced by the direction of available metabolites. Histophysiologic gradient culture complies with nature's spatial rationale, since at the substrate-parenchymal interface three functions coincide. These are anchorage, initiation of epithelial renewal, and complete exchange of metabolites. Our model system provides a setting for reconstructing and manipulating many features of the malignant phenotype seen in cancer tissues in nature, such as abnormalities in the sequence of maturation of stratified epithelium, hyperplasias, dysplasias, interaction between different types of epithelium, aggregate formation, tumor angiogenesis, and neoplastic blockade. PMID- 6567483 TI - Tissue-specific expression of the rat pancreatic elastase I gene in transgenic mice. AB - The gene for rat pancreatic elastase I is selectively expressed to high levels in the rat exocrine pancreas. When the cloned rat elastase I gene with 7 kb upstream and 5 kb downstream flanking sequences was introduced into mice by microinjection into fertilized eggs, the gene was expressed in a pancreas-specific manner. In four of five transgenic mice, the level of rat elastase I mRNA in the pancreas was equal to or greater than the normal rat level (10,000 mRNAs per cell) and correlated with the number of integrated gene copies. In nonpancreatic tissues the levels were at least 10(3)-fold lower, except for expression in the liver of one mouse. Thus transfer of a 23 kb genomic DNA segment containing the rat elastase I gene to a foreign chromosomal location in the mouse can give rise to qualitatively and quantitatively normal expression. PMID- 6567484 TI - Recognition of cap structure in splicing in vitro of mRNA precursors. AB - Substrate RNAs are only efficiently spliced in HeLa whole-cell extract when they possess capped 5' termini. This cap requirement is observed with substrate RNAs prepared by transcription with either mammalian RNA polymerase II or bacterial RNA polymerase. Addition of less than 10 microM of cap analogs such as m7G(5')ppp(5')N or m7GTP strongly inhibits splicing of capped RNAs. This observation, as well as experiments following the fate of substrate RNA, indicates that the dependence of splicing on a cap structure is not due to an effect on RNA stability. More interestingly, cap analogs inhibit splicing when added at the start of the reaction but not at later times of incubation. This suggests that the cap recognition might be an important step in the formation of a specific ribonucleoprotein complex required for splicing. PMID- 6567485 TI - Purification of human serum prekallikrein, some properties of the purified proenzyme and its stability. PMID- 6567486 TI - Accountability--the essence of professionalism. PMID- 6567487 TI - Differentiation of the elastase-type protease of platelets from other elastases. AB - Elastase activities were determined near neutral pH on several specific substrates using platelet-derived preparations mixed with decreasing amounts of leukocytes. Activities were extrapolated to zero leukocyte content enabling the estimation of intrinsic platelet elastase activity. In contrast to human leukocyte elastase, metal chelating agents inhibited partly the elastase activity of the platelet extract and soybean trypsin inhibitor did not modify its activity. Serine active site titrants (phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride) as well as acetyl-di-L-alanyl-L-propyl-L-valine chloromethylketone completely abolished the activity of platelet lysates. The platelet protease was purified from Triton X-100 platelet lysates. No cross-reactivity could be demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis with either porcine pancreatic elastase or human leukocyte elastase using monospecific antisera. Applying gel electrophoresis, most of the elastase activity of the platelet protease migrated towards the anode, whereas the pancreatic and leukocyte elastases migrated towards the cathode. The anionic character of the platelet enzyme might explain its capacity to degrade better elastin treated with cationic detergents in contradistinction to other elastases which act better on anionic detergent-treated elastins. PMID- 6567488 TI - Radiographic evaluation of the modified Bristow procedure for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder. AB - Concerning the radiological evaluation of the modified Bristow procedure in the operative treatment of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder, several aspects are of importance. In the first place, the position of the coracoid transplant and the screw used to fix it with should be underneath the equator of the humeral head and within 1 cm of the glenoid rim. Secondly, bony union appears to take place in most instances in which the screw has enough length to reach the posterior cortex of the scapular neck. However, when the screw is too short, in most cases a fibrous union develops. These features can be demonstrated on three routine radiological examinations: the anatomical anterior-posterior view, the axial projection with internally rotated humerus and the axial view with the arm in external rotation. PMID- 6567489 TI - Ultrasound of the normal neonatal gallbladder. AB - Prospective real-time ultrasonographic examination of the gallbladders of 45 neonates yielded gallbladder images that ranged from 9 to 54 mm in length (mean 30, SD 9.2) and 3 to 15 mm in diameter (mean 8, SD 2.9). Previous reports of gallbladder sonography in neonates are reviewed. Ultrasound is valuable for identifying gallstones, establishing whether a large gallbladder is the cause of a right upper quadrant mass, and following the course of a distended gallbladder. The role of sonography in diagnosing neonatal acalculous cholecystitis is less clear. PMID- 6567490 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography of arteriovenous fistulas and shunts for hemodialysis. AB - Surgical reconstruction of vascular access in hemodialysis patients requires solid information on the site and type of the shunt failure. In 21 cases (16 patients) analysis of angioaccess failure included digital subtraction angiography. With this technique, information on anatomy and rheological pattern enabled us to plan specific surgical procedures during which preoperative diagnoses were confirmed. PMID- 6567491 TI - Ethanol embolization of a renal tumor, complicated by colonic infarction. AB - Since 1981 ethanol has been used to ablate renal tumors. Although initially was stated that no danger exists of accidental embolization of other arteries recently 2 patients were described with colonic infarction following renal ablation. We present a similar case, in which emergency surgery was performed to resect a necrotized part of the colon, and a colostomy was constructed. Recommendations in order to prevent this complication are discussed. PMID- 6567492 TI - Computed tomography diagnosis of spinal cord compression secondary to epidural extramedullary hematopoiesis. PMID- 6567493 TI - Vertebral anomalies in monozygotic twins. AB - In an 8-year-old pair of monozygotic twins a T8 butterfly vertebra was found in one and a coronally cleft T8 vertebra in the other. Differential diagnostic possibilities include trauma, Scheuerman's disease, tuberculosis, and infiltrative disorders, such as Gaucher's disease and malignancies. The literature however, describes them as separate entities. A common congenital origin for both lesions is discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 6567494 TI - Sigmoid-appendiceal fistula in diverticular disease. AB - Sigmoid-appendiceal fistulae are unusual. A case in which such a fistula occurred secondary to diverticulitis is reported. PMID- 6567495 TI - Lipoma of the esophagus. AB - A case report is presented of a 64-year-old female with a very large pedunculated lipoma in the esophagus. These lipomas are relatively uncommon and in spite of their large size may cause very few symptoms. Often they are first recognized after regurgitation of the tumor mass in the mouth which may, in some cases, lead to asphyxia and death. Because of the danger of asphyxia, therapy by excision of the tumor soon after diagnosis appears to be essential. A classification of benign esophageal tumors is given and the role of radiology in diagnosis described. PMID- 6567496 TI - Late metastases of a hypernephroma to the thyroid and the pancreas. AB - A case of late metastasis of a hypernephroma to unusual localizations is presented. The radiological features are reviewed. In patients with a hypernephroma, the possibility of a late onset of metastasis has to be considered. PMID- 6567497 TI - Should CPNs be in the primary health care team? PMID- 6567498 TI - Breastfeeding: counsellors can help. PMID- 6567499 TI - Meals for special children. PMID- 6567500 TI - Eating should be fun. PMID- 6567501 TI - Incontinence: forty years of neglect. PMID- 6567502 TI - Research: where the action is. PMID- 6567503 TI - Nurse practitioners: the Canadian experience. PMID- 6567505 TI - Nursing management in critical care units. Developing your staff. PMID- 6567504 TI - Acute intermittent porphyria: a nursing challenge. PMID- 6567506 TI - Code blue record. PMID- 6567507 TI - Ventilator tubing stabilization for the tracheostomized patient. PMID- 6567508 TI - Clinical evaluation of the neonatal transport team. PMID- 6567509 TI - EKG of the month: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 6567510 TI - The atrial electrogram: its diagnostic use following cardiac surgery. PMID- 6567511 TI - Caring for a patient with pneumococcal pneumonia. PMID- 6567512 TI - Respiratory physiology. PMID- 6567513 TI - Using vasoactive infusions in pediatric critical care. PMID- 6567514 TI - Emergency infusion drugs: a quick reference tool. PMID- 6567515 TI - Good nursing practice. PMID- 6567516 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)--an update. PMID- 6567517 TI - Home study course: the clinical continuum of septic shock. PMID- 6567518 TI - High specificity of the cDNA-RNase assay to detect accurate splicing in vitro. AB - e previously developed a splicing assay (Keohavong et al., 1982) that we designated as a cDNA-RNase assay to analyze the ligation reaction between exons of premessenger RNA during in vivo or in vitro splicing. It was important to determine the specificity of this splicing assay, since the accuracy of in vitro splicing must always be demonstrated clearly. To do this, we constructed DNA probes derived from adenovirus E1A cDNA carrying deletions or insertions of 2-6 bases. After hybridizing them to the wild-type mRNA, the ability of single-strand specific RNases to detect small mismatches of the RNA-DNA hybrids was examined. The demonstration that an imprecision in the splicing reaction of as little as 2 nucleotides can be detected with an efficiency of 99% indicates the high specificity of the splicing assay and its usefulness for the verification of accurate splicing in in vitro systems. PMID- 6567519 TI - Burnout, or cop out? PMID- 6567520 TI - Improvement in long-term control of children performing blood glucose self monitoring. PMID- 6567521 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobin test as an educational and motivational tool. PMID- 6567522 TI - Teaching toward compliance: a patient's perspective. PMID- 6567523 TI - Development of a guide to recommended print materials for diabetes patient education. PMID- 6567524 TI - Adapting to international patient education. PMID- 6567525 TI - Traveling and the diabetic meal plan. PMID- 6567526 TI - New urine and glucose test products. PMID- 6567527 TI - Discriminant analysis of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas by age and serum proteins. AB - Immunonephelometric evaluations of 13 serum proteins were made in 71 patients with two types of lymphoproliferative diseases: Hodgkin's disease (32 patients) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (39 patients). The subjects were differentiated by discriminant analysis by means of age and three selected proteins: properdin factor B, IgM and ceruloplasmin. The results obtained permitted classification of 90% of the cases reported. PMID- 6567528 TI - Inulin-induced activation of factor B in whole serum: description of structural modifications in the Ba fragment. AB - The investigation of inulin-induced conversion of human factor B in serum by isoelectrofocusing revealed physiological modifications in the primary structure of the Ba fragment. Evidence has been obtained that a nascent Ba, generated by the hydrolytic action of the D component on B in serum, was a short-lived product and that a fast release of carboxy-terminal arginine and lysine residues occurred involving a serum carboxypeptidase B enzyme. PMID- 6567529 TI - [Prevention of hypertension]. PMID- 6567530 TI - [The premature child]. PMID- 6567531 TI - [Obstetric paresis and arm paralysis in young infants]. PMID- 6567532 TI - [Itsenko-Cushing's disease]. PMID- 6567533 TI - [Primary cancer of the fallopian tubes]. PMID- 6567534 TI - [Staged system for rendering obstetrical and gynecological care to the rural woman]. PMID- 6567535 TI - [Fungal lesions of the upper respiratory tract and ear]. PMID- 6567536 TI - [Spinal injuries in children]. PMID- 6567537 TI - [Renal colic]. PMID- 6567538 TI - [Prevention of brucellosis (material for talks)]. PMID- 6567539 TI - [Current antiabortion propaganda]. PMID- 6567540 TI - [Health inspection of pharmacies]. PMID- 6567541 TI - [Nutritional regimen for pregnant and nursing women]. PMID- 6567542 TI - [Errors and complications in applying a tourniquet to stop bleeding]. PMID- 6567543 TI - [Uterine inertia in an older primipara in a high-risk group and the occurrence of perinatal pathology]. PMID- 6567544 TI - [Acute dysentery]. PMID- 6567545 TI - [Peritonitis after cesarean section]. PMID- 6567546 TI - [Hematogenic osteomyelitis (clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatment)]. PMID- 6567547 TI - Coping with the holidays. PMID- 6567548 TI - Rales and rhonchi. Why do we use these terms? PMID- 6567549 TI - Legal issues in nursing: nursing judgment. PMID- 6567550 TI - Reflections on National Nurse Recognition Day. PMID- 6567551 TI - Amiodarone: clinical consideration. PMID- 6567552 TI - Caring: the key to recruitment and retention. PMID- 6567554 TI - Carolyne K. Davis: expanding the profession's influence. PMID- 6567553 TI - Dual preceptorship. PMID- 6567556 TI - View from the other side. PMID- 6567555 TI - Dilated cardiomyopathy part II. PMID- 6567557 TI - Focus on AACN. President's message: a new look for the CCRN examination. PMID- 6567558 TI - [Mamilloscopy in the diagnosis of diseases of the nipple and areola]. AB - Mamilloscopy is useful in identifying the mostly inflammatory lesions and dermatoses of the mamilla and areola and to follow up and supervise the course of treatment of these diseases. This can often help to avoid unnecessary tissue sampling. If there is any suspicion of tumourous changes, additive cytology is indicated as a matter of principle, since this combination of methods--in a similar manner as at the cervical portico--achieves optimum safety in diagnosis. However, in rare cases even this combined procedure will not clarify matters sufficiently. It is then that additional histological examination is imperative for a more precise diagnosis. Mamilloscopy can be a valuable tool in early diagnosis of Paget's disease because of the possibility of enlargement offered by the colposcope. PMID- 6567559 TI - [5 years' experiences with adjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer]. AB - In 515 patients with primary carcinoma of the breast T1a-3aN1a-bM0, the authors conducted simple mastectomy with radical lymphonodectomy of the axilla from 1976 onwards to the time of reporting. In 190 patients with affected lymph nodes, assisting chemotherapy was effected with a combination of three drugs, namely, trofosfamide, methotrexate and 5-fluoro-uracil for a period of 12 months postoperatively. Patients whose lymph nodes remained free were not subjected to follow-up treatment. For both groups of patients, the rates of relapses and survival times were established for an average follow-up time of 41 months (15 75). No significant differences in the rates of relapses and localisation were seen on comparing both groups (P = 0.27). In the patients with affected lymph nodes, local relapses were somewhat more frequent than with patients whose lymph nodes were not affected (11.1% vs. 9.8%); the same also applied to the occurrence of metastases distant from the primary tumour (12.1% vs. 7.4%). Significant differences in survival rates in patients with affected lymph nodes were seen only in the tumour stages T1/T2 (P = 0.001) and for the stages T2/T3 (P = 0.009). The menopausal status of the patients did not show any significant differences in respect of probability of survival for both groups (N-:P = 0.75; N+:P = 0.79). PMID- 6567560 TI - [Lowering the cesarean section rate by exclusion of cardiotocographically suspected acidosis using fetal blood gas analysis]. AB - In 871 deliveries out of a total of 3980 effected during 1980-1982 at the Winterthur Gynaecological Hospital, we found it necessary to perform one or several microanalyses of blood (blood gas analyses) sub partu. Among these, we found retrospectively that in 22 cases the microanalysis of the blood gas had prevented us from performing caesarean section which would have seemed necessary if we had relied on the cardiotocographical findings alone. Micro-analysis of blood gas made it possible to exclude the presence of pre-acidosis or acidosis which would have made Caesarean section imperative; in all these cases, normal delivery via the vagina was achieved, and in no case did this result in severe acidosis. All newborn had a 5-minute Apgar score of 7 and higher. We can conclude from these results, therefore, that the indication for an immediate termination of delivery via Caesarean section should not depend solely on a pathological cardiotocogram; the final decision should be arrived at only after micro-analyses of blood gas have confirmed the presence of foetal pre-acidosis or acidosis. PMID- 6567561 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of transurethral and suprapubic urinary drainage following gynecologic operations]. AB - In a retrospective study the authors compared transurethral and suprapubic urinary drainage in 158 women after vaginal hysterectomy with subsequent plastic surgery. It was found that suprapubic urinary drainage was superior to transurethral drainage, particularly with regard to the indwelling time and likelihood of infection. PMID- 6567562 TI - [Medical liability in the delayed use of cesarean section]. PMID- 6567563 TI - [Cost-carrying responsibility in unsuccessful extracorporeal fertilization]. AB - In-vitro fertilisation has been practised for a number of years, but the results have not always been successful. However, even unsuccessful attempts are expensive and have to be paid for. Legal proceedings had been initiated some time ago at the Provincial High Court at Nuremberg-Furth, West Germany, to determine whether a private insurance company would be compelled to bear the cost of an unsuccessful extracorporeal fertilisation of a women patient holding a sickness insurance policy. On 3 April 1984 the court took the stand--and passed a verdict to that effect--that this was an insurance case in accordance with the terms of insurance in so far as the patient's childlessness could be considered as an illness liable to sickness insurance compensation and that by now in-vitro fertilisation was generally recognised and accepted as a scientific therapeutic method. The judgement, which is not yet final, decreed that the insurance company was liable to bear the expenses of the unsuccessful fertilisation amounting to DM 8706,70. PMID- 6567564 TI - [Prevention of lip-maxilla-palate clefts]. AB - Cheilognathopalatoschisis is among the common isolated congenital malformations. Its occurrence is more frequent than random incidence would be, with high familial incidence. Preventive attempts have been guided by the concept that nutritive factors are involved in the realisation of these inhibitory malformations. A multivitamin substitution course initiated even before conception was found to be correlated with a significant reduction of recurrence rates in several studies. The statistical and practical implications and problems are discussed. This treatment can be recommended as an individual preventive measure in case of pregnancies with risk of cheilognathopalatoschisis, but it will not be helpful in familial incidence of median cleft palate. PMID- 6567565 TI - [Prenatal human life and unwanted pregnancy: our medical responsibility]. AB - In practical life, unwanted pregnancy and prenatal human life are often irreconcilable and hence paradoxical. This paradox is aggravated by the fact that the doctor is aware of the human qualities associated with prenatal human life, as formulated today by researchers in biology and psychology: Any human being "in statu nascendi" is endowed with all the requisite human qualities right from the beginning. Seen from the anthropological point of view, the meaning of biological evolution is a development towards increasing spiritualisation and freedom, liberation and ability to change and to undergo transformation. Mental functions of the foetus are present from the eighth week of pregnancy. Human individuality begins with conception and procreation. The multifacetted meaning of the term "unwantedness" is examined. It is the doctor's burden to bear the antagonism between the sensitivity of prenatal human life on the one hand and the rigid wall of denial represented by unwantedness on the other, and to build a bridge of responsibility between the two. PMID- 6567566 TI - [Abortion using health insurance]. AB - The author reports on current German court rulings on whether non-medically indicated abortions (although not prohibited by law and therefore not actionable) should be financed via the compulsory health insurance scheme or by the Federal Government. 1. The social welfare court at Dortmund ruled that current legislation governing the financing of welfare expenditure violates the Federal German constitution, and has, therefore, referred this matter to the Federal Constitutional Court. However, the Federal Constitutional Court turned down the referral and dismissed the case, since an application for declaring a Federal law null and void can be filed by the Federal Government or by a Federal Land Government or by at least one-third of the total number of members of the Federal German Parliament (Bundestag) only. This means that the current proceedings at the Dortmund social welfare court must continue. The plaintiff pleads to prohibit the compulsory health insurance scheme authorities from defraying the expenses for performing foeticide via legally permitted abortion without medical indication. 2. The Federal Land Government of Baden-Wurttemberg is the only Land Government of the Federal Republic of Germany that does not grant any financial aid towards performing non-medically indicated (albeit not legally actionable) abortions. Hence, the Baden-Wurttemberg Administrative Courts turned down the plea filed by a woman government servant towards paying such aid. The court decision was based on the judge's opinion that even the principle of equality before the law guaranteed by the Constitution would not compel the Land Government to emulate the example of the other Land Governments who are agreeable to bearing abortion costs. PMID- 6567567 TI - [FBA and/or CTG: fetal blood analysis and/or cardiotocography]. AB - "The Ranking and Value of Intrapartum Cardiotocography--A Contribution to the Efficiency of the Method", and "Overrating of Cardiotocography and Negative Clinical Effects", two round-table discussions on specialist congresses during 1982/1983, prompted a controversial discussion on the subject: Intensive Care during Pregnancy and Delivery via FBA (foetal blood analysis) and/or CTG (cardiotocography)? In two recently published papers originating from the working team of Professor Saling, Hammacher's score was used as measure for assessing the value of cardiotocography. Hence, the author has been both prompted and challenged to this editorial not only as the inaugurator, but also as "interpretative acrobat" of cardiotocography. In his opinion, the overrated use of FBA represents an additional risk to the foetus due to possible compressions of the umbilical cord--placenta circulation because of the artificial rupture of the membranes which is often necessary when performing FBA. He pleads for preserving the "padding" provided by the amniotic fluid, by employing external cardiotocography--monitoring via the reliable beat-to-beat autocorrelation technique--while retaining the amniotic sack. PMID- 6567568 TI - [Incidence of single and multiple births following in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 6567569 TI - Successful relocation of elderly residents. PMID- 6567570 TI - Preventing urinary tract infections. PMID- 6567571 TI - Daily and monthly diabetic flowsheets. PMID- 6567572 TI - A self care model for gerontological nursing. PMID- 6567573 TI - Art to honor memories. PMID- 6567574 TI - Nutrition. Food additives--protection or poison? PMID- 6567575 TI - 70+ and going strong. Chi-Chung Chang--scholar, economist, and head of the family. PMID- 6567576 TI - Drugs and the elderly. Preventing influenza and pneumonia. PMID- 6567577 TI - Simultaneous typing of C3 and Tf and of Gc and Bf on cellogel electrophoresis. AB - A method is described to type C3 and Tf on the same Cellogel strip (and Bf simultaneously on a parallel strip). A different method allows to type Gc and Bf on one Cellogel strip. These methods are rapid, easy and reliable, although agarose electrophoresis is a little more effective. PMID- 6567578 TI - Further study on a BF silent allele. AB - A family was found which indicated the existence of a silent allele (BF*QO) at the locus for complement factor B. Three generations with eight members were studied. Four individuals were considered to be heterozygous for B deficiency because of unusual segregation patterns of the BF electrophoretic variants and low levels of B. Haplotype study on the other HLA-linked markers supported the presumption. No unusual products were detected by immunoblotting after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). PMID- 6567579 TI - Overview of health and services in Taiwan, ROC. PMID- 6567580 TI - An ethical dilemma. PMID- 6567581 TI - Collaboration: couples working together to manage chronic illness. PMID- 6567582 TI - Questioning the mailed questionnaire as a valid instrument for research in nursing education. PMID- 6567583 TI - Pediatric dismissal protocol to aid the transition from hospital care to home care. PMID- 6567584 TI - The role of women in health care in Korea's social transition. PMID- 6567585 TI - The nurse consultant. PMID- 6567586 TI - Nurses need political experience. PMID- 6567587 TI - The use of rock music to assist adolescent sexual identity. PMID- 6567588 TI - The missing link in nursing education: sexuality. PMID- 6567589 TI - The spiritual dimension of holistic care. PMID- 6567590 TI - Student of nursing... student of life. PMID- 6567591 TI - Sexual activity in later life: a challenge issue for nurses. PMID- 6567592 TI - AIDS: acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6567593 TI - Explore your leadership potential (by the Nominating and Elections Committee). PMID- 6567594 TI - The importance of touch in nursing care. PMID- 6567595 TI - Nontraditional student survey results. PMID- 6567596 TI - Analysis of factor B in European mouse strains; a polymorphism not due to variation of carbohydrate content. PMID- 6567597 TI - Giardiasis: an evaluation of diagnostic methods. PMID- 6567598 TI - A study of the in vivo activity of liquid antacids. PMID- 6567599 TI - Effect of a single dose of regular and soluble aspirin on the gastric and duodenal mucosa. PMID- 6567600 TI - Comparative studies on the effect of a single oral dose of DDT or malathion on intestinal uptake of nutrients and brush border membrane enzymes in guinea pigs. PMID- 6567601 TI - Choledocholithiasis presenting as broncho biliary fistula. PMID- 6567602 TI - Ileal metastasis from a primary lung tumour. PMID- 6567603 TI - Aspirin and the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6567604 TI - Perforation of extrahepatic biliary tract producing bile peritonitis. PMID- 6567605 TI - Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B infection. PMID- 6567606 TI - Whipworm dysentery in an adult. PMID- 6567607 TI - Which is the best preparation for colonoscopy? PMID- 6567608 TI - Routine physical examinations for new employees? PMID- 6567609 TI - AIDS precautions for other high-risk groups? PMID- 6567610 TI - Intravenous fluid contamination, Aegean-style. PMID- 6567611 TI - Enterobacter sepsis in infants and children due to contaminated intravenous fluids. AB - Sixty-three cases of nosocomial sepsis occurring from April through October 1981, in a 500-bed pediatric hospital, were traced to bacterial contamination of intravenous fluid produced by a single manufacturer. Two species of uncommon blood stream pathogens, Enterobacter cloacae and Enterobacter agglomerans contaminated the fluid. Infections with these organisms might have contributed to the death of four patients; two who were immunosuppressed, one who was asplenic and one premature infant. Epidemiologic and laboratory investigations identified the site of contamination to be within the screw-caps of the bottles containing the intravenous fluid. Contamination occurred during insertion of the intravenous fluid administration set into the bottle. The "epidemic" terminated when the hospital discontinued the use of infusion fluids from that manufacturer. We conclude that intravenous fluids should be examined during outbreaks of nosocomial bacteremia due to unusual pathogens. PMID- 6567612 TI - Rotavirus infection in normal nursery: epidemic and surveillance. AB - Human rotavirus (HRV) epidemics have not been reported in normal full-term newborn nurseries in the US. This report describes an epidemic from April 27 to May 6, 1982 in which 23 infants were infected. Diagnosis was confirmed with Rotazyme (Abbott) in 82% (23/28) of the neonates screened. Five were asymptomatic; in the remaining 18 cases, the symptoms were usually mild and self limited. Transient shedding of the virus was found in 8% (4/52) of personnel screened, and only one of them was symptomatic. Control measures included the following: strict cohorting, closure of transitional nursery, enteric precautions and wiping of horizontal surfaces with 95% ethyl alcohol which has been shown to be an effective virucidal agent for rotavirus in laboratories. Follow-up in 80 of 108 contact neonates born during the epidemic showed only two mildly symptomatic cases after discharge. During an 11-month period of surveillance, 33% of neonates (1,688/5,054) born at Cook County Hospital were screened for excretion of virus in stools; only 3.6% of infants (61/1,688) were positive by Rotazyme and none were symptomatic. This report suggests that strict measures are helpful in control of HRV epidemic gastroenteritis and asymptomatic shedding need not be as high as the previously reported incidence of 40% to 50%. PMID- 6567613 TI - Evaluation of skin antisepsis prior to blood culture in neonates. AB - In our Intensive Care Nursery, coagulase-negative staphylococcus is the most frequent blood culture isolate. As skin antisepsis is critical in preventing blood culture contamination, we examined the efficacy of the chlorhexidine tincture (CH) used in our nursery for this purpose. Staphylococcus epidermidis colonized the forearms of 88% of infants tested, in a mean density of 10(4) organisms/cm2. Following a 60-second application of CH (0.5% in 70% ethanol), bacterial growth from forearm skin remained abundant in 15/38 infants (39.4%). Cleansing with 70% isopropyl alcohol, followed by CH as above, left abundant residual growth in only 1/37 infants (2.7%) (P less than 0.001). All 136 S. epidermidis tested were susceptible to CH (MIC less than 5 micrograms/ml) and 14 of 15 exposed to CH 0.02% were rapidly killed (greater than or equal to 98% fall in viable counts within 90 sec). We conclude that two-phase antisepsis using isopropanol followed by CH is a more effective preparation for blood culture in neonates than is CH alone. PMID- 6567614 TI - A combined program in operation. PMID- 6567615 TI - CDC recommendation clarified. PMID- 6567616 TI - Comments on "Nosocomial sexually transmitted diseases". PMID- 6567617 TI - Conjunctivitis in neonates. PMID- 6567618 TI - Permeability of the thermometer sheath when taking oral temperatures. AB - Oral mercury-in-glass thermometers are contaminated with each use and must be decontaminated prior to reuse. It has been shown that the application of a thermometer sheath prevents contamination of the rectal thermometer. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate sheathed thermometers for contamination after oral use on dentulous patients. One hundred sterile sheathed thermometers were distributed into four groups and subjected to in vitro and in vivo conditions. After clinical use 80% of the sheathed thermometers became contaminated, while not one of those exposed to microorganisms in vitro was contaminated. The cause for contamination was shown to be perforation of the sheath by the dentition. Thus the thermometer sheath is ineffective in preventing contamination of the mercury-in-glass thermometer when used for obtaining oral temperatures from dentulous patients. Sheathed mercury-in-glass thermometers should be decontaminated after each oral use. PMID- 6567620 TI - Developing criteria for the selection of packaging materials. PMID- 6567619 TI - Risks and benefits of vaccinations. AB - Any medical intervention is expected to prevent sickness and complications of a disease rather than to induce them. This is true for therapy as well as prophylaxis. Special formulas have been developed to calculate the risks and benefits of vaccinations simply but with sufficient accuracy. The risk ratio (Q) tells how many times the risk of contracting certain complications or even death from a disease is greater in unvaccinated than in vaccinated individuals. The risk difference (D) directly expresses the number of complications or deaths that may be prevented by a certain vaccination. It is even possible to evaluate the epidemiologic trend of a disease and to calculate or estimate the point of time when the risks of disease and vaccination are just balanced, ie, when a vaccination has lost its beneficial effect. Vaccinations against measles, poliomyelitis and tick borne encephalitis in Austria are highly beneficial. BCG vaccination is still beneficial on a low level in Austria as far as protection against tuberculosis is concerned. This effect will persist for the rest of this century. The benefit of pertussis vaccination depends on the local epidemiologic situation. It has expired for non-risk groups in Austria since 1976 but continues to persist in the US. PMID- 6567621 TI - Sharing nursing curriculum with other countries--the need for adaptation. PMID- 6567622 TI - Community care of psychiatric patients in India. PMID- 6567623 TI - The catholic nurse in today's world. PMID- 6567624 TI - Mothers' perceptions of health visiting. PMID- 6567625 TI - I am a mum... PMID- 6567626 TI - Teenage mothers: some views on health visitors. PMID- 6567627 TI - Asking 'how are you?' in health visitor clinics. PMID- 6567628 TI - The health visitor's view of consumer criticisms. PMID- 6567630 TI - The sexual abuse of children--part 2. PMID- 6567629 TI - The health visitor and the foreskin. PMID- 6567631 TI - The group experience: meeting the psychological needs of patients with ventricular tachycardia. AB - In summary, the group experience provides a forum where clients can share their problems, fears, concerns, and questions with their peers. The presence of knowledgeable staff serves to correct misconceptions when appropriate and to facilitate the group process. The principles of group therapy underlie group activities, which have resulted in mutual client support, camaraderie, and the meeting of social needs. Mutual support has been extended to spouses who share similar concerns. As informal group of family members has evolved and has been beneficial. The first step in future research will be directed to identifying characteristics of the group members, major issues of the ventricular tachycardia population, and changes in anxiety levels before and after group therapy. The second step will be to determine whether job satisfaction has been altered based on the nurses' participation in the assessment group and changes in their ability to accurately assess and intervene in patient behaviors. PMID- 6567632 TI - The automatic implantable defibrillator. PMID- 6567633 TI - Learning to live with controlled ventricular tachycardia: utilizing the Johnson model. AB - In view of the multifaceted needs of both patients and families, the role of the nurse lies in assessing system instability and in prioritizing efforts for stabilization within the hospital. Since the problems are so complex, it may be impossible to resolve all of them before discharge. Therefore, follow-up referrals to counseling services and visiting nurse associations are helpful. Of added benefit is an ongoing, supportive relationship with a physician and/or a nurse specialist who is familiar with the needs of these special patients and their families. The use of a behavioral systems model such as Johnson's assists the nurse in organizing assessments of patient and family needs and in planning nursing strategies to meet those needs. The patient's very realistic fears of dying coupled with the frequently occurring loss of cardiac function present an enormous challenge to the nurses who work with them. The close professional relationships that result from this process are extremely rewarding. PMID- 6567634 TI - Physical fitness and its relationship to postoperative recovery in abdominal hysterectomy patients. PMID- 6567635 TI - In vitro study of the effect of selected drugs used in carrier intravenous lines on sodium nitroprusside delivery. PMID- 6567636 TI - The effects of fluid resuscitation in the critically ill patient. PMID- 6567637 TI - Designing a competency-based orientation for critical care nurses. AB - A competency-based approach to staff nurse orientation can assist critical care units in more nearly achieving what orientation is really intended to accomplish. In so doing, entry level standards of nursing performance are founded, and critically ill patients and the public can be better assured of receiving the quality of nursing care that they deserve. PMID- 6567638 TI - Informed consent: the opinions of critical care nurses. PMID- 6567639 TI - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis presenting as bilateral, ill-defined pulmonary densities. PMID- 6567640 TI - Current concepts and management of the sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 6567642 TI - Complex trigeminy. PMID- 6567641 TI - The hyperacute phase of right ventricular infarction. AB - In summary, the hyperacute phase of RV infarction presents three possible patterns on the surface ECG (Fig. 3): the typical repolarization picture of hyperacute myocardial infarction, with slope elevation of the ST segment and tall T waves; rounded elevation of the ST segment, where the typical changes are "damped" by negative or posterolaterally directed, LV repolarizing forces; and ST elevation concave upward in the right chest leads, where anteriorly directed, underlying left ventricular ST segment and T wave vectors enhance the hyperacute picture. PMID- 6567643 TI - Pacemaker update 1984. Part IV. DDD pacemaker--electrocardiographic assessment and problem solving. AB - Knowledge of the programmed parameters of an artificial pacemaker is critical to the accurate assessment of pacemaker function, especially with the use of an AV universal (DDD) pacemaker. In addition, each manufacturer's idiosyncrasies regarding pacemaker function have to be appreciated to intelligently monitor the rhythm of a state-of-the-art pacemaker. PMID- 6567644 TI - The effect of backrest elevation on pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in patients after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6567645 TI - Isolation and characterization of a 33,000-dalton fragment of complement Factor B with catalytic and C3b binding activity. AB - Factor B is the zymogen of the catalytic site bearing subunit Bb of the C3/C5 convertase of the alternative pathway of complement. In this study, the location of the C3b binding site and the catalytic site within the Bb subunit were investigated. When human Factor B was treated with porcine elastase, fragments with respective molecular weights of 36,000, 35,000, 33,000, 31,000, and 25,000 were generated. Binding studies showed that only the 33,000-dalton fragment was capable of binding to C3b. The 33,000-dalton fragment was purified using fast protein liquid chromatography and found to be part of the Bb fragment upon testing with monoclonal antibody 15-6-19-1. Amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the 33,000-dalton fragment placed it in the C-terminal half of Bb. The fragment expressed esterolytic activity as evidenced by cleavage of the synthetic substrate N alpha-acetyl-glycyl-L-lysine methyl ester and restored alternative pathway activity in Factor B-depleted serum. Its hemolytic activity was approximately 60-fold lower than that of Factor B. Comparative binding studies in the presence of metal ions using zymosan-C3b showed that the 33,000 dalton fragment bound to C3b with higher affinity than Factor B. Addition of the fragment to human serum inhibited alternative pathway activation by rabbit erythrocytes due to its high affinity for C3b and its low hemolytic activity compared to Factor B. These results show that the C-terminal 33,000-dalton portion of Bb contains not only the enzymatic site of Bb but also a C3b binding site which confers hemolytic activity upon the fragment. The observation that the fragment inhibited alternative pathway activation suggests that a synthetic peptide may be constructed that exhibits negative regulator activity in the alternative pathway. PMID- 6567646 TI - Stroke and its rehabilitation: the perceived role of the nurse in medical and nursing literature. AB - Henderson (1980) claims that, the unique function of the nurse renders her 'rehabilitator par excellence'. This paper seeks to examine the perceived role of the nurse in the rehabilitation of stroke patients, to assess the extent to which the literature reflects Henderson's claim as a reality, or as a chimerical ideal. PMID- 6567647 TI - Geriatric rehabilitation on an acute-care medical unit. AB - This study examined a geriatric rehabilitation pilot project on an acute-care medical unit. Over a 6-week period, using a 35-item geriatric rating scale and a mental assessment tool, changes in behaviours of 23 patients admitted to the geriatric rehabilitation module were compared to changes in behaviours of 10 elderly patients on a regular medical unit. The patients' demographic characteristics, their nursing and medical diagnoses, and discharge patterns were reviewed. Significant changes in behaviours of patients on the rehabilitation model included: increased ability to care for themselves, to maintain balance, and to communicate with others; decreased restlessness at night; decreased confusion; decreased incidence of incontinence; and improved social skills. The paper describes the geriatric rehabilitation programme and discusses implications for nursing of elderly patients in acute-care hospitals. PMID- 6567648 TI - Assessing cognitive functioning of the elderly with the 'Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Tasks'. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity, and utility of the 'Inventory of Piaget's Developmental Tasks' (IPDT) with elderly persons. The IPDT is a paper-pencil assessment of levels of cognitive functioning. Seventy elderly adults responded to a battery of instruments. Reliability and validity estimates for the IPDT were acceptable. Data indicated that the IPDT has promise as a clinical assessment of cognitive functioning. Implications for patient teaching by nurses is discussed and suggestions for clinical use are made. PMID- 6567649 TI - An introduction to the evaluation of nursing care: a review of the literature. AB - A review of the literature, mainly since 1975, examining ways and means of assessing the quality and consistency of nursing care, and maintenance of high standards. Reference is made to audits, tests and peer reviews. PMID- 6567650 TI - A view toward hospitalization: the Mexican American experience. AB - Little information exists in the literature to assist the nurse in understanding people of ethnic minority group status who become hospitalized in an acute-care setting. Research on these populations has primarily centred on out-patient service utilization and on folk health practices, yet the process of becoming hospitalized seems far more disruptive and traumatic to the individual and the family than receiving health care at a clinic. Observations made on a large medical-surgical in-patient unit in the south-western United States indicated the specific concerns Mexican American patients experienced during their hospitalization. Seventy patients of Mexican descent were followed through their hospital stay. Seven sociocultural constructs influenced the hospital experience: social network, language proficiency, modesty, socio-economic status, role expectations, folk beliefs and practices, and the medical diagnosis. Economic and educational status were seen as the most significant factors preventing patients from this ethnic minority group from constructing their hospital experience in accordance with staff expectations. PMID- 6567651 TI - Nurse/patient dependency--a review of different approaches with particular reference to studies of the dependency of elderly patients. AB - The dependency of elderly patients is the outcome of interaction effects between the patient and his or her environment, and over a protracted stay in hospital, environmental factors can be as influential in determining a patient's dependency as the patient's medical or physical condition. Rigid institutional regimes and inadvertent reinforcement of dependent behaviours by nursing staff appear to play an important part in the development of institutionally induced dependency. Studies of patient dependency which assume that dependency arises largely from the physical or mental condition of the patient lack validity because the major source of variation in nursing activity is seen as an almost mechanistic response to patients' dependency. It is argued that, rather than patient dependency 'causing' nursing actions, nursing actions can cause patients to become more or less dependent. PMID- 6567652 TI - A proposed framework for evaluation of support courses in a nursing curriculum. AB - Evaluation of nursing educational programmes has received increased attention since the early 1970s. Many evaluation models have been proposed; they are intended for evaluation of the total educational programme, but provide little evidence on the relevancy of the support courses to nursing practice. This paper describes one nursing school's experience in evaluation of a support course. The nature and sources of problems and difficulties encountered during the evaluation process are also discussed. The authors propose a framework for evaluation of support courses in a nursing curriculum. This framework is an application of the Glaser, Stufflebeam and Stake models of programme evaluation. It is designed to assist nurse educators to strive for sound curriculum decisions. PMID- 6567653 TI - A study of short-term absence from work among a group of third year student nurses. AB - The objective of the study was to investigate short-term absence (STA) taken by a group of student nurses during the 3-year training period. The amount of, reasons given for, and attitudes towards such absence were considered. The information was attained by means of a questionnaire, interviews with selected students and analysis of data from hospital records. A group of 30 student nurses, approaching the end of their training, co-operated in the study. The methods used in the study are described and the findings which emerged are described and discussed. PMID- 6567654 TI - Nursing: past trends, future policies. AB - This paper looks at five historical trends in the field of macro-policy making for nursing. From these it postulates that nursing is, now, a pluralist structure with three main interest groups. Each interest group has its own view of reality and therefore its own goals and strategies, some of which are in conflict with those of the other groups. Furthermore, the goals of the nursing groups are also in conflict with those of the government health department. The paper proposes a typology for nursing which takes account of these conflicts, helps to identify the areas of conflict and makes a proposal for the future structure which would help to achieve a more harmonious framework in the NHS. PMID- 6567655 TI - Deans identify factors which inhibit and facilitate nursing research. AB - The author argues that nursing researchers benefit from an institutional climate which is appreciative of research and rewards for it. Factors which discourage and inhibit research productivity are identified and methods to overcome these barriers are identified. The paper is based on an inquiry among 102 deans of schools of nursing in the USA. PMID- 6567657 TI - Final document of the seminar for CICIAMS' golden jubilee. PMID- 6567656 TI - Insensitivity of ubiquinone biosynthesis in glioblastoma cells to an epileptogenic drug, U18666A. AB - To investigate the perturbation of ubiquinone biosynthesis by a hypocholesterolemic drug, 3 beta-(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5-en-17-one hydrochloride (U18666A), we measured the incorporation of radioactive mevalonate, methionine, tyrosine, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid into ubiquinone in glioblastoma cells. These four precursors unanimously showed that ubiquinone biosynthesis was not significantly altered by U18666A, which blocked cholesterol biosynthesis at steps beyond mevalonate formation. The fluctuation of the endogenous mevalonate level had little effect on ubiquinone biosynthesis, implying the relative stability of cellular ubiquinone biosynthesis. Furthermore, exogenously added mevalonate did not have an appreciable effect on ubiquinone biosynthesis. The major ubiquinone produced in rat glioblastoma cells was identified as ubiquinone 9. The mevalonate-derived products accumulated in the U18666A-treated cells differed significantly from those reported in a broken cell study, suggesting the existence of delicate mechanisms regulating the formation of cholesterol intermediates. PMID- 6567658 TI - Chemical dependency. Helping your staff. AB - Alcoholism and other forms of chemical dependency are the primary personal problems affecting employee job performance today. Nursing administrators can best assist nurses to receive help for their personal problems by doing what they do best, insisting upon quality job performance from each and every employee. By identifying poor job performance and insisting that it be corrected, the administrator can initiate a plan of action for the nurse. If job performance continues to deteriorate, mandating that the nurse obtain help for his or her problem as a condition of continued employment will usually generate the motivation for necessary change. By referring the individual to a professional experienced in employee assistance, peer assistance, or occupational health assessment techniques that include alcohol and drug screening, the administrator can assist the nurse in receiving the appropriate treatment individualized to his or her needs. If the nurse fails to comply and job performance remains a problem, appropriate disciplinary action can and should be taken. Recognize that about 15% of the employees handled in the manner described above will fail to respond. In these cases, termination is entirely appropriate. In addition, prosecution for drug theft and/or turning a nurse over to State Board for violation of the Nurse Practice Act should also occur if warranted by your documentation. While this approach may seem extremely harsh, it is not only sound management, but also good nursing to stop enabling behaviors which allow continuation of the personal problem. For some individuals, job loss or legal problems are the events necessary to break through the iceberg of denial that has been present for years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6567659 TI - Identifying the right nurse manager. An objective selection process. AB - Over the past 3 years, 15 successful nurse managers have been chosen using an objective selection process developed by the authors. A process to help the nurse executive answer the question, Am I choosing the right person for this job? is described. Through the use of an applicant assessment process, a candidate's leadership ability is revealed, and subjectivity in selection is considerably reduced. PMID- 6567660 TI - Mentor types and life cycles. PMID- 6567661 TI - Making the scientific ethical. PMID- 6567662 TI - Unifying education and service. What's the point? PMID- 6567663 TI - The multidisciplinary approach. When too many is too much. PMID- 6567664 TI - Sheltering abused women: a nursing perspective. PMID- 6567665 TI - Interview with Jerome Frank,Ph.D.,MD. Exploring concepts of influence, persuasion, and healing. PMID- 6567666 TI - Father-daughter incest. Issues in treatment and research. PMID- 6567667 TI - Ionized calcium versus total calcium in dairy cows. AB - Ionized and total calcium levels were determined in 29 Friesian and 5 Drakensberger cows. One Friesian cow had parturient paresis and specimens were taken before and after treatment. It is suggested that due to the easy reliable way in which ionized calcium levels can now be determined this investigation should replace total calcium estimations in dairy cows presenting with parturient paresis. Ionized calcium levels serve as a valuable diagnostic aid but are also important to assess the effectivity of treatment for this condition. PMID- 6567668 TI - Science and standards. The case of ANSI C95.1--1982. PMID- 6567669 TI - Continuous recording instrument for RF-exposure measurements in FM/TV broadcasting towers. AB - A continuously recording exposure meter has been developed for radio-frequency (RF) hazard measurements in FM/TV broadcasting towers for the frequency range 47 790 MHz. The instrument consists of an electrically-small dipole, loop probes and recording electronics. The dipole and loop are attached to the safety helmet; their distance from the head is approximately 7 cm. The dipole and loop respond to the tangential E field and radial H field, respectively. The error due to body proximity and one-dimensionality is 1 to 2 dB at 100 MHz and 2 to 3 dB at 200 MHz (for average power density measurements) if the probes move continuously and the measurement period is sufficiently long. Measurements in Finnish FM/TV towers showed that the average power density inside the tower increases with increasing power and decreasing antenna surface area. The highest levels have been found near UHF and FM antennas. For the FM band (100 MHz) the average H field exposures exceed the new ANSI standard value 10 W/m2, but remain in most cases below 100 W/m2. Local maxima may exceed 300 W/m2. PMID- 6567670 TI - Storage and microwave reheating effects on lipid oxidation of roast beef. AB - Sensory analysis and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) tests were conducted on beef (Longissimus muscle) which had been roasted in a conventional electric oven at 163 degrees C (325 degrees F), sliced and stored in either a vacuum package or in a casserole at 4 degrees C (40 degrees F), for two or for seven days, and then reheated in a conventional or in a microwave oven. Methods of reheating, microwave or conventional oven, did not influence sensory scores for warmed-over aroma or flavor or TBA values. Method of packaging influenced both sensory scores and TBA values whereas length of storage affected only TBA values. PMID- 6567671 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Branhamella catarrhalis isolated from respiratory tract infections]. AB - The efficacy of antibiotics including some newly developed penicillins and cephems on clinically isolated Branhamella catarrhalis was evaluated in vitro. Among 44 strains of B. catarrhalis which were isolated from expectorated sputum of patients with respiratory tract infections 36 strains were proved to produce beta-lactamase. MICs of penicillins for beta-lactamase positive strains ranged from less than or equal to 0.05 to 3.13 micrograms/ml, while those for beta lactamase negative strains were all less than 0.05 microgram/ml. MICs of cephems, on the other hand, ranged more variably, especially among beta-lactamase positive strains. The most effective cephem we tested was LMOX which could inhibit all the strains of B. catarrhalis at the concentration of 0.05 microgram/ml or less. Aminoglycosides as well as macrolides also showed sufficiently low MIC values. We therefore concluded that the confirmation of beta-lactamase production by B. catarrhalis seems to be indispensable for the determination of an antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6567672 TI - [Does the team work?]. PMID- 6567673 TI - [Team formation for active nursing practice]. PMID- 6567675 TI - [Stress felt by nurses in the United States: impression from "Nurses" and "Code Blue"]. PMID- 6567674 TI - [Team dynamics on teaching of clinical training]. PMID- 6567676 TI - [Rehabilitation of psychiatric nursing personnel: thoughts on the incident at Hotoku-kai Utsunomiya Hospital]. PMID- 6567677 TI - [The hospice and my wish]. PMID- 6567678 TI - [Home nursing. 7. The welfare bill for the aged in practice: the Hiratsuka Public Health Clinic, Kanagawa Prefecture, and its regional nursing activities]. PMID- 6567679 TI - [A chosen mother: life with a handicapped child. 9. Sweet smell of the child]. PMID- 6567680 TI - [Clinical description of pain. 5. Determination of the degree of pain]. PMID- 6567682 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 6. Acceptance of disability and role of the nursing personnel]. PMID- 6567681 TI - [At the physical therapy department for the aged. 5. The subjective world of the aged: definition of being "normal" and "natural"]. PMID- 6567683 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Nobu Madamubashi, creator of postwar nursing in Okinawa]. PMID- 6567684 TI - [Geriatric care in the United States. 9. Nursing care in nursing homes. 3. Difference between the United States and Japan in nursing care]. PMID- 6567685 TI - [Amazing popularity of disposable products in the United States and hospital organization designed for the benefit of patients]. PMID- 6567686 TI - [Nursing diagnosis and what is lacking in Japanese nursing]. PMID- 6567687 TI - [Re-evaluation of daily care. 33. Forced bed rest--suffering of the patient]. PMID- 6567689 TI - [Nurses' stress factors in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 6567688 TI - [Missile therapy of cancer]. PMID- 6567690 TI - [Analysis of factors and personality traits of nurses with burnout syndrome]. PMID- 6567691 TI - [Analysis of stress of clinical nurses]. PMID- 6567692 TI - [Concept and clinical significance of multiple organ failure (MOF)]. PMID- 6567693 TI - [Pathophysiology and diagnosis of MOF]. PMID- 6567694 TI - [Prophylactic management of multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6567695 TI - [Total management and treatment of multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6567696 TI - [Prognosis of patients with multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6567697 TI - [Nursing standards of MOF patients; observation points and prevention for MOF patients]. PMID- 6567698 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with extensive burns in multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6567699 TI - [Nursing care of the patient in MOF as a postoperative complication]. PMID- 6567700 TI - [Nursing care of the patient in multiple organ failure caused by multiple trauma]. PMID- 6567701 TI - [Nursing care of the patient in multiple organ failure caused by sepsis]. PMID- 6567702 TI - [Nursing care for the patient in shock with multiple organ failure]. PMID- 6567703 TI - [Nursing care of the patient in multiple organ failure induced by hepatic failure]. PMID- 6567704 TI - [Pain grade of the patient with indwelling balloon catheter]. PMID- 6567705 TI - [Nonsurgical lithotrypsy of urinary calculi]. PMID- 6567706 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome]. PMID- 6567707 TI - [Respiratory care with EMCO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation)]. PMID- 6567708 TI - [Lymphocyte injection for the treatment of lymphedema]. PMID- 6567709 TI - [Postoperative care of colostomy and ileostomy patients]. PMID- 6567710 TI - [Postoperative nursing care of the patient undergoing enterostomy surgery]. PMID- 6567712 TI - [Building rapport; through neurolinguistic programming]. PMID- 6567711 TI - [Analyzing vomiting factors in patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy]. PMID- 6567713 TI - [The function of the kallikrein-kinin system in obstructive jaundice patients]. PMID- 6567714 TI - How peers perceive the female adolescent smoker. AB - Data were collected on peers' perceptions of two fictional 17-year-old females; one a smoker and the other a nonsmoker. A sample of 212 high school seniors completed a form of the personality profile questionnaire which contained a biographical sketch of either Laurie the smoker or Laurie the nonsmoker. Subjects rated the fictional characters on 30 personality traits. Findings suggested that peers perceived the personality traits of the female adolescent smoker more negatively than the nonsmoking counterpart. Recommendations are made for the application of the findings to adolescent smoking prevention and cessation programs. PMID- 6567716 TI - Stepfamilies: a concern health education should address. AB - In this country there are more than 1 million children who find themselves in a stepfamily situation. Coping with the changes involved can be a difficult process. Health educators need to recognize the fact that many children are in this situation. Through the subunits included in the family life unit, young people can be taught how to deal with the issues involved. In so doing, health education will be addressing another major family life problem in our society. PMID- 6567715 TI - Great Sensations: a program to encourage heart healthy snacking by high school students. AB - The Great Sensations program consisted of three interrelated educational strategies--classroom instruction, parent outreach, and media campaign. These strategies were designed to teach inner-city high school students about salt and high blood pressure, and to encourage them to eat more low-salt snacks and fewer high-salt snacks. Eight classes at the experimental school were randomly assigned to class instruction or parent outreach in a factoral design. All students in the experimental school were exposed to the media campaign. Students at a nearby high school served as the comparison group. All but a few of the 490 students at the two schools were black. Students who received the classroom instruction reported lower Salty Snack selection and higher Target Snack selection at posttest and eight-week follow-up. Students receiving media only reported lower Salty Snack selection at posttest but this condition returned to baseline by eight weeks. The control group reported little change in snack selection at posttest and eight weeks. After six months, program effects were no longer evident for either experimental group. PMID- 6567717 TI - A program to prepare prospective school nurses. AB - In using case presentation as a means to integrate the three roles, a case example might be as follows: A child fell on the playground and cut his chin, which obviously needed stitches. The parents, because of their religious beliefs, were unwilling to accept medical assistance. To help prospective school nurses find a solution to this problem, they are first asked to use the nursing process to assess the child and the situation. Then, they are asked to discuss school policies and procedures related to this type of situation. Following these steps, students are asked to evaluate their value systems and how their values may affect their decision-making ability. Decisions they must make include determining the extent of the injury, conversing with the parents, deciding which school personnel need to be notified, and forming a final plan of care for the child. To complete requirements for initial certification, students submit names of school personnel, parents, students and their supervising nurse who, with the instructor, evaluate their final performance. Competencies are graded on a pass fail basis with an opportunity to rewrite if necessary. A letter grade for the course is based upon completion of course objectives and assignments. School nurses who have an appropriate educational background are in a unique position to make significant contributions to the school-age child, family, educational staff, and community. School Nursing I is designed to give prospective school nurses the background they need to carry out their responsibilities. PMID- 6567718 TI - A neurological disorders workshop for school nurses. AB - The Neurological Disorders Workshop was a continuing education experience for school nurses in central Vermont. It examined neurologically-related clinical problems commonly encountered by school nurses such as neurological screening, mental retardation, seizure disorders, motor system disorders, attention and behavior disorders, diagnostic screening tools, and referral sources. The six-day workshop (five consecutive days plus a follow up four months later) used didactic presentations, demonstrations, and practicum experiences. After the workshop, written evaluations were conducted. PMID- 6567720 TI - Health education in Texas. PMID- 6567719 TI - Michigan School Health Association celebrates golden anniversary. AB - The Michigan School Health Association celebrated its Golden Anniversary Nov. 10, 1983. As a group dedicated to the promotion of comprehensive school health programs, MSHA has provided members with publications and conferences, and it has encouraged American School Health Association membership. Its members are health educators, college professors, school nurses, affiliated organizations, and voluntary health agency representatives. With 50 years of experience, the Michigan School Health Association is continuing in its leadership role of promoting comprehensive school health programs. PMID- 6567721 TI - Comprehensive school health education as defined by the National Professional School Health Education Organizations. PMID- 6567722 TI - The ethics of public affirmation in the health education classroom. PMID- 6567723 TI - A report of 49 cases of dysmenorrhea treated by acupuncture. PMID- 6567724 TI - Activation of nucleus raphe magnus by acupuncture and enkephalinergic mechanism. PMID- 6567725 TI - Clinical and laboratory observation on the effect of glycyrrhizin in acute and chronic viral hepatitis. PMID- 6567726 TI - Effect of higenamine on action potential of Purkinje's cells and ventricular myocardial cells in dogs. PMID- 6567727 TI - Changes of serum tyrosine in Yin-deficient patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6567728 TI - Four cases of pancreatic pseudocyst cured by nonoperative treatment. PMID- 6567729 TI - The use of Chinese herbs folium ilicis chinensis decoction plus eucalyptus distillate for preoperative preparation of intestinal tract. PMID- 6567730 TI - Effects of Yang-promoting drugs on immunological functions of Yang-deficient animal model induced by prednisolone. PMID- 6567731 TI - Index for the standard nomenclature of Zhenjiu (acupuncture and moxibustion) points in alphabetic order. PMID- 6567733 TI - The effect of acupuncture in 300 cases of acute lumbar sprain. PMID- 6567732 TI - The use of needling Zusanli in fiberoptic gastroscopy. PMID- 6567734 TI - Observation on 52 cases of paralysis of common peroneal nerve treated by acupuncture and plum-blossom needling. PMID- 6567735 TI - [Nursing of hemodialysis patients struggling for life]. PMID- 6567736 TI - [Social rehabilitation of hemodialysis patients--a medical social worker's observation]. PMID- 6567737 TI - [Social rehabilitation supported by hemodialysis]. PMID- 6567738 TI - [Medical care and a religious thought]. PMID- 6567739 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of neurotic patients. Physiopathology of neurosis]. PMID- 6567740 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of neurotic patients. Diagnosis and treatment of neurosis]. PMID- 6567741 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of neurotic patients. Nursing process for patients with neurosis]. PMID- 6567742 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of neurotic patients. Nursing of a patient with late adolescent onset neurosis]. PMID- 6567743 TI - [Nursing process--nursing of neurotic patients. Discussion: re-evaluation of the concept of "suppressing the patient's behavior"]. PMID- 6567744 TI - [Changes in the blood pressure and pulse rates upon climbing up or down the stairs in various conditions--an experiment on normal subjects]. PMID- 6567745 TI - [Nursing of a child with Kawasaki disease during the convalescence stage]. PMID- 6567746 TI - [Significance of the attitude, language, and expressions between the patient and nursing personnel]. PMID- 6567747 TI - [Conference: learning in clinical training--application of human understanding to practice]. PMID- 6567748 TI - [Nursing of a postcholecystectomy patient--prevention of postoperative complications]. PMID- 6567749 TI - [Test yourself: nursing keypoints. Nursing of a patient with chronic renal failure and a visual disorder]. PMID- 6567750 TI - [The "life" extended by the development of hemodialysis]. PMID- 6567751 TI - [Assisted circulation (3): indications, results, and complications of IABP (intra aortic balloon pumping)]. PMID- 6567752 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with skin cancer. Physiopathology of skin cancer]. PMID- 6567753 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with skin cancer. Nursing of a patient with malignant melanoma who suspected the true nature of her illness]. PMID- 6567754 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of patients with skin cancer. Discussion: encouragement of the patient to express her anxiety]. PMID- 6567755 TI - [Problem behaviors in medication of ambulatory patients and approaches to their modification]. PMID- 6567756 TI - [On an operational theory called development of a nursing process (problem solving method)--practical limitations and resultant problems]. PMID- 6567757 TI - [Postoperative physical therapy of a breast cancer patient]. PMID- 6567758 TI - [A fatal case of herbicide poisoning: nursing of the patient and her family]. PMID- 6567759 TI - [Play and child development]. PMID- 6567760 TI - [Children who are incapable of play and their environment]. PMID- 6567761 TI - [Encouragement of play under limited conditions]. PMID- 6567762 TI - [Discovery of children's natural profiles through their play]. PMID- 6567764 TI - Infant feeding and allergy: fact and fiction. PMID- 6567763 TI - Characterizing the function of O beta-phosphoseryl-tRNA. PMID- 6567765 TI - About new style IUCD's. PMID- 6567766 TI - Head lice--a different future. PMID- 6567767 TI - The life and habits of the head louse. PMID- 6567769 TI - Pregnancy as a social phenomenon. PMID- 6567768 TI - Do antenatal clinics have to be cattle markets? PMID- 6567770 TI - On measuring the social consequences of obstetric technology. PMID- 6567772 TI - Patterns of care: joint presentation the "team approach" to midwifery care. PMID- 6567771 TI - Management--a manager's approach to the organisation of normal postnatal care. PMID- 6567773 TI - Midwifery team allocation. PMID- 6567774 TI - Transfer home--two aspects of transfer home of mother and baby. PMID- 6567775 TI - Community care--a service in jeopardy? PMID- 6567776 TI - Parliamentary report. PMID- 6567777 TI - The testing and comparison of the intra-uterine sound against other methods for calming babies. PMID- 6567779 TI - Hazards to patients during surgery. No. 1: pressure sores. PMID- 6567780 TI - People, movement and infection. PMID- 6567778 TI - Control and eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on a surgical unit. PMID- 6567781 TI - A visit to Switzerland. PMID- 6567782 TI - I am going to write a book. PMID- 6567784 TI - A timely move. PMID- 6567783 TI - Royal College of Nursing. In from the cold. PMID- 6567785 TI - Memorable date in our calendar. PMID- 6567786 TI - RCN Council chairman Ian Hargreaves guides members through its many responsibilities and actions. PMID- 6567788 TI - Don't care was made to care. Report of Maidstone Centre Study Day on positive approaches to care of elderly. PMID- 6567787 TI - National first for convenor stewards. PMID- 6567789 TI - All talk and little action. Report of RCN Gwynedd Centre computer conference. PMID- 6567790 TI - Scrutiny has 'serious implications' for nurses. College response to Rayner Report on accommodation. PMID- 6567792 TI - Forum founded. PMID- 6567791 TI - Royal College of Nursing: confidence. PMID- 6567793 TI - Vital to recall that authorities have not yet finalised proposals. PMID- 6567794 TI - ENB taking over control of careers service. PMID- 6567795 TI - Coping with the death of a close relative. PMID- 6567796 TI - Royal College of Nursing: a positive step. PMID- 6567797 TI - Biggest dilemma casualty nurses have had to face. PMID- 6567798 TI - How do you put a price on a nurse's work? PMID- 6567799 TI - Bloomsbury HA's positive policy of re-training and redeveloping of staff. PMID- 6567800 TI - Government sets out to show improvement but College maintains that NHS lagging behind demand. PMID- 6567802 TI - Are we prepared to make such decisions? PMID- 6567801 TI - Royal College of Nursing: unmet needs. PMID- 6567803 TI - Milestone for children. PMID- 6567804 TI - The gender gap philosophy: numbers count. PMID- 6567805 TI - Documental learning. PMID- 6567806 TI - The use of graduate assistants in nursing education. PMID- 6567808 TI - The accrediting community: its members and their interrelations. PMID- 6567807 TI - A theoretical model for clinical specialist practice. PMID- 6567809 TI - Financial considerations for career ladder programs. PMID- 6567810 TI - Changing expectations and innovations in the workplace--the clinical career ladder. PMID- 6567811 TI - On the scene: University of Michigan Hospitals. PMID- 6567812 TI - Clinical ladders? Yes! PMID- 6567813 TI - Mount Sinai's four-track career ladder program. PMID- 6567814 TI - The clinical nurse specialist in a clinical career ladder. PMID- 6567815 TI - Sharing: a greater need. PMID- 6567816 TI - Assessment under pressure: when your patient says, "My stomach hurts". PMID- 6567817 TI - Respiratory alkalosis: physiology, signs, symptoms. PMID- 6567819 TI - Check this chart ...before infusing two critical care drugs through the same I.V. line. PMID- 6567818 TI - The patient who complains. PMID- 6567820 TI - Give venous leg ulcers the boot. PMID- 6567821 TI - The pregnant trauma patient. PMID- 6567822 TI - Anticoagulants ...and what to teach your patient about them. PMID- 6567824 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing assessment and intervention, part I. PMID- 6567823 TI - Thoughts while dying. PMID- 6567825 TI - A practical guide for incontinence. PMID- 6567826 TI - Nursing care of the incontinent patient. PMID- 6567827 TI - Incontinence aids. PMID- 6567828 TI - Services for the incontinent patient. PMID- 6567830 TI - Asthma--a personal account. PMID- 6567829 TI - The role of the practice nurse in the management of asthma. PMID- 6567831 TI - Oxygen therapy. PMID- 6567832 TI - Respiratory problems and nursing intervention. PMID- 6567833 TI - Chronic bronchitis. PMID- 6567834 TI - Respiratory infections. PMID- 6567835 TI - Home ventilation. PMID- 6567836 TI - Bunions: an overview. PMID- 6567837 TI - Fracture repair: conflicts and consensus, selected abstracts: Part I. PMID- 6567838 TI - Lowering the uncertainties of arthritis with a nurse-led support group. PMID- 6567839 TI - The Arthritis Foundation. PMID- 6567840 TI - Help for the cerebral palsy patient. PMID- 6567841 TI - Preparation for the Luque procedure: patient education booklet. PMID- 6567842 TI - Literature review to establish nursing diagnosis cues for myelopathy patients. PMID- 6567843 TI - 3-Methylindole-induced pulmonary injury in lambs. A comparison with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). AB - Five to six month-old lambs of two different Norwegian breeds (Dala and Rygja) were dosed with 3-methyl indole (3MI) and DL-tryptophan (DL-T), and examined clinically, hematologically and post mortem. Results were compared with the findings in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a condition of acute dyspnea occurring in 5-6 month-old lambs (of Dala and Spael breeds) after they have been moved from mountain pastures onto lush aftermath in September. The results show that such young Norwegian lambs are susceptible to 3MI-dosing, and that the symptoms and lesions were similar to those described earlier in connection with 3MI-dosing in cattle and adult sheep. The results clearly demonstrate that 3-MI-induced pulmonary injury in lambs differs from ARDS as far as both symptoms, hematology and pathology are concerned. PMID- 6567844 TI - tRNA binding modifies the properties of the small ribosomal subunit of rat liver. AB - The binding of a specific tRNA (acylated or not) to the 40S subunits in the presence of the proper codon was shown to produce two striking effects on the subunits. First, the subunits were no longer able to dimerize at low ionic strength. Second, they became fully resistant to 1.25 M LiCl treatment: bound tRNA prevented subunit inactivation as measured by polyphenylalanine synthesis; it also prevented large sedimentation changes of subunits and ribosomal protein release induced by LiCl. The number of protected proteins far exceeded that of the proteins crosslinked with tRNA after irradiation at 254 nm (A.M. REBOUD, S. DUBOST and J.P. REBOUD (1983) FEBS Lett. 158, 285-288). These results strongly suggest that tRNA binding induces modifications of rRNA-protein interactions in large domains of the subunits. A weak interaction of tRNA with the 40S subunit was demonstrated in the absence of the codon. PMID- 6567845 TI - Evolution of an aggregate-based community health curriculum. PMID- 6567846 TI - Teaching leadership in nontraditional settings. PMID- 6567847 TI - An action research framework for primary health care. PMID- 6567848 TI - Team or primary nursing care? AB - This study was undertaken to help nursing administration make policy decisions regarding the initiation of primary care nursing and the need to hire RNS. The work involved an experimental design using 11 units in a 350-bed facility. The results show no significant differences between the two methods regarding quality, cost, job satisfaction, patient satisfaction, or patient education. Moreover, the 16-hour model produces more stress and more sick leave days than team nursing. It is also apparent that apart from salaries, the cost of nursing care is a function of the diagnoses of the patients in the hospital, which may account for some of the inconsistencies found in the literature. If the ratio of RN to non-RN staff had been increased, the results might have been different; however, Giovanetti's comparison study of primary and team nursing, which considered the same factors but used a 70-percent-RN staff, produced similar results. It appears that individual RN's dedication and preparation for patient care may be more important than the method used to organize that care. Research to determine how to select the most appropriate nurse for a specific role would be a more productive approach to assist policy determination in the future. PMID- 6567849 TI - A critique of the ANA Social Policy Statement. PMID- 6567850 TI - How to choose a thesis committee. PMID- 6567851 TI - Parents' perception of uncertainty concerning their hospitalized child. AB - The Parent Perception of Uncertainty Scale (PPUS) was developed to measure a perceptual variable believed to influence parents' response to their child's illness and hospitalization. This 31-item Likert-format scale was modified from the original form of the uncertainty scale. The PPUS was composed of four factors measuring the four dimensions of uncertainty consistent with theoretical predictions. Initial testing for reliability found the coefficient alphas and thetas to be adequate for a new scale. Validity testing with theoretically relevant external variables was partially supportive of predictions. Questions remain concerning the adequacy of Factor II. Further testing of the scale is indicated. PMID- 6567852 TI - Development and temperament in very low birth weight infants--the second year. AB - This article reports findings from the second year of a two-year longitudinal study designed to assess the VLBW infant in the areas of temperament, development, and the home environment. Data were obtained from 20 of the original 26 infants who participated in the study. During a home visit the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST), the Toddler Temperament Questionnaire (TTQ), and the Home Observation Measurement for Evaluation Inventory (HOME) were completed. Twenty percent of the toddlers were at-risk for developmental delay when assessed at the corrected gestational age. This compares to 42% who were deemed to be at-risk during the first year of life. No relationship was found between developmental-risk status and the quality of the home environment. The VLBW toddlers' temperaments were not significantly different from the standardization population. However, there were fewer easy toddlers than would be expected. During the second year the percentage of difficult children decreased from 38% to 10%. The VLBW toddler's behavioral style was characterized by arrhythmicity and low persistence. There was a moderate correlation between home environment and the toddler's activity level. High activity was negatively correlated with maternal involvement and provision of appropriate play things. The families of the 20 toddlers scored on the upper 25th percentile on the HOME Inventory. The high quality of the childrearing environment was stable over the two years. PMID- 6567853 TI - Nursing, maternal postures, and fetal position. AB - The objectives of this study were to (a) determine if a safe, simple, and economic nursing procedure--maternal posturing--would result in the rotation of a fetus in the posterior or transverse position to the optimal anterior position and (b) evaluate the relative effectiveness of a series of maternal postures for facilitating anterior fetal rotation. One hundred healthy women at term pregnancy were randomly assigned to four treatment and one control posture for a 10-minute period. At two nurse-midwifery clinics, one certified nurse-midwife postured the subjects and one midwife measured the dependent variable (fetal position) with Leopold's maneuvers. Hypotheses I-IV, which predicted that the four rotation postures would have a greater proportion of anterior fetal rotations than the control posture, were supported (p less than .000). Essentially all four postures were effective and there was little difference between the treatment postures. A second posturing was performed to determine if an additional 10 minutes in a treatment posture would result in an anterior fetal position. There was a greater proportion of anterior fetal rotations with the four rotation postures than the control posture. The Sims posture was used as a maintenance posture for anterior positions, and was successful when done on the opposite side of the fetal back. The theoretical explication of how maternal postures effect fetal rotation remains sound. PMID- 6567854 TI - Helping and nursing models. AB - The concept of helping has not been acknowledged as a central issue in either research or theory development in nursing. Nevertheless, assumptions about helping do exist in current conceptual models of nursing. In this paper, these assumptions are analyzed from the perspective of the most recent theoretical models of helping developed by Brickman, Rabinowitz, Karuza, Cohn, Coates, and Kidder. What nurses say about how nurses help and the implications of these findings for future theory development, research, and education in nursing are discussed. PMID- 6567855 TI - The research tradition of nursing: an emerging issue. AB - Authors have recently questioned the scientific method as the one appropriate model for nursing research. However, when nursing's research tradition is examined, one can see that it has not been limited solely to the scientific method. Both observational and experimental research have been used. The nursing research tradition, which has provided methods for answering questions relevant to the discipline in each historical period, continues to evolve to meet changing demands. The problem is not what research method to use but what research question to ask and how the question can be answered best. PMID- 6567856 TI - Job satisfaction among recent graduates of schools of nursing. AB - Using a randomly selected national sample and multiple regression analysis, the correlates of job satisfaction among recent graduates of nursing programs were investigated. Factor analysis was used to test the validity of Herzberg's theory of job satisfaction/dissatisfaction. For these 329 employed RNs, responsibility (the importance and challenge of the work) was the most important determinant of job satisfaction, and working conditions was the second strongest predictor. Graduates from diploma, associate degree, and baccalaureate programs did not differ in terms of job satisfaction. Support was given for the validity of Herzberg's dual-factor theory in relation to all five motivators included in the analysis (achievement, work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth) and for the hygiene salary. The validity of four other hygienes (supervision, working conditions, status, and security) was not established. The results imply that administrators need to appeal to nurses' needs for important challenging jobs and opportunities to grow and develop professionally. PMID- 6567857 TI - Core-12: a controlled study of the impact of 12-hour scheduling. PMID- 6567858 TI - Learning style preferences of baccalaureate nursing students. AB - The Kolb and Canfield models of learning style were used to determine the relationship of age, and age and professional nursing employment experience to learning style preferences of basic and RN students respectively, and the differences in learning style preferences of basic and RN students. The age of basic students, and age and work experience of RN students did not account for differences in students' preferences for learning as defined by the Kolb and Canfield models of learning style. There were significant differences in the learning style preferences between basic and RN students for the conditions and modes of learning as defined by the Canfield model. However, these differences did not coincide with those that had been inferred from adult learning theory. Based on the finding of significant differences between the two student groups for this model, some alternative propositions about the ways adults prefer to learn were proposed. PMID- 6567859 TI - A comparison of oral and rectal temperature measurement on patients receiving oxygen by mask. PMID- 6567860 TI - A statistical tale of significance. PMID- 6567861 TI - Some methodological issues in chronic illness research. PMID- 6567862 TI - The process of theory analysis. PMID- 6567863 TI - Stress-coping response to genitourinary carcinoma in men. AB - In this descriptive study of 30 men with chronic genitourinary cancer, subjects were found to have minimal emotional distress in response to a periodic diagnostic procedure (cystoscopy). State anxiety levels and critical thinking ability measured preprocedure were not significantly different from levels obtained six to eight weeks postprocedure in subjects with negative biopsy results. Routine hospitalization for diagnostic monitoring was found, during COPE interview (Weisman & Worden, 1976), to be less stressful than regular work or financial and family concerns. Subjects with higher concurrent life stress had higher state anxiety and achieved less resolution of problems. Although anxiety levels for the group were within normal limits, 33% of the sample were categorized as having high anxiety on at least one testing occasion. This high anxiety group had more severe behavioral responses, including feelings of depression, helplessness, and inability to set priorities. PMID- 6567864 TI - Mean arterial pressure readings: variations with positions and transducer level. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP) readings, measured at two reference points, the right atrium (RA) and the catheter site (CS), and in two body positions, supine and semi-Fowler's. Four MAP readings were taken on 29 CCU patients, 17 males and 12 females, with ages ranging from 33 to 93 (mean = 57.8; SD = 14.3). MAPs were obtained in the semi-Fowler's position-RA reference point (mean = 82.6), semi-Fowler's-CS reference point (mean = 90.3), supine-RA reference point (means = 82.2), and supine-CS reference point (mean = 84.03). All r values for pairs of readings were greater than .90 (p less than .001); therefore the readings are extremely comparable. However, when the comparability of readings is taken into account with MANOVA, the Hotelling's T2 is 58.06; the associated F is 17.97 (df = 3,26) with p less than .001. Therefore, in stable patients, MAP readings are comparable, but use of RA as the reference point for either position is the most preferable. A patient would not have to be lowered to the supine position for each MAP reading. However, in patients who are not stable, the significant differences among MAPs must be considered. The same position and the RA is preferable for all MAPs on these patients. PMID- 6567865 TI - Health policy and NIH: implications for nursing research. AB - Since their beginnings in the 1930s, categorical institutes funded for medical research have been controversial. Some individuals in administrative positions, such as the surgeon general, director of National Institutes of Health (NIH), and members of the Department of Health and Human Services, argue that separate institutes add administrative costs and are unnecessary because research can be done better in a less fragmented fashion. Some scientists express concern about intellectual freedom when research directions are legislatively dictated. Proponents of institutes, usually lay people, legislators, or scientists with specific research interests, contend that the problem warrants a national research effort since it is not handled within current structures. Two major foci of nursing research are on disease prevention and on improvement of the quality of care for the acutely and chronically ill, whereas the traditional priorities of NIH for basic research have been disease diagnosis and cure. Therefore, NIH support for nursing research has been negligible. To bring nursing into "the mainstream of scientific investigation," as recommended by a 1983 study conducted by the Institute of Medicine, an Institute of Nursing or an acceptable alternative within NIH seems advisable. PMID- 6567866 TI - Institutional sources of articles published in 13 nursing journals, 1978-1982. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify institutions in which scholarly productivity in nursing is occurring. All articles appearing in 13 nursing journals intended for a general nursing audience during 1978 through 1982 were tabulated according to institutional affiliation of author, geographic location of institution, and highest degree obtained by the author. More than half of the 3,792 articles appeared in American Journal of Nursing, Nursing, and RN, and 56.1% originated in the North Central and Mid-Atlantic areas. Nurses wrote 76.7% of the articles, and nurses with at least a master's degree wrote almost two thirds of those articles. There were 32 institutions in which at least 15 articles originated during the 5 years studied. Twenty-one of the 32 top-ranking institutions offer doctoral programs in nursing. The four top-ranking institutions, according to number of publications, are the Universities of Washington, Pennsylvania, California at San Francisco, and Michigan. PMID- 6567867 TI - On the consequences of overturning turnover: a study of performance and turnover. AB - The possibility that turnover may have a good side has been given increased attention in recent literature. The purpose of this investigation was to study whether turnover, defined as voluntary exit from employment, among newly hired nurses displaces poor performers. Routine performance ratings of 92 leavers and 184 stayers were compared for differences in overall ratings and for ratings on 10 job factor subscales. Results indicated that those who left employment were judged as significantly lower on overall ratings and on 7 of the 10 job factors on which overall ratings were based. The performance factor that best discriminated between leavers and stayers was the variable of interest and motivation, with those leaving being lower on the scale than the stayers. Further study of the performance-turnover relationship and study of other possible consequences of turnover are suggested. PMID- 6567868 TI - Analgesic medication for elderly people post-surgery. PMID- 6567869 TI - Monitoring intracranial pressure. PMID- 6567870 TI - Qualitative vs. quantitative research or qualitative and quantitative research? PMID- 6567871 TI - The ambulant catheterised patient in hospital. PMID- 6567872 TI - Intermittent bladder irrigation. PMID- 6567873 TI - Catheter-induced infection. PMID- 6567874 TI - Jobs--the amazing disappearing act. PMID- 6567875 TI - EC directives: freedom for whom? PMID- 6567876 TI - Forging a new partnership. Interview by Yasmin Alibhai. PMID- 6567877 TI - Vertical banded gastroplasty. PMID- 6567878 TI - Director of nursing services. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6567879 TI - Figuring it out with statistics. PMID- 6567881 TI - Paddy's progress. PMID- 6567880 TI - Running a well-man clinic. PMID- 6567882 TI - A minor surgical procedure? PMID- 6567883 TI - The road to reality. PMID- 6567884 TI - Bereavement in continuing care wards. PMID- 6567885 TI - Manpower planning. Six--towards a unified approach. PMID- 6567886 TI - Education: do you talk with patients? PMID- 6567887 TI - Handicapped children in the community. PMID- 6567888 TI - Care or cure? PMID- 6567889 TI - Systems of life No 117. Setting up the systems--17. Genital system. PMID- 6567890 TI - Politics. Jobs for the boys? PMID- 6567891 TI - Computers. Which micro? PMID- 6567892 TI - Television. The living body. PMID- 6567893 TI - The case against more training. PMID- 6567894 TI - Know your poison. PMID- 6567896 TI - The islands. Five. The Orkneys. PMID- 6567895 TI - Malaria. PMID- 6567897 TI - Role-play. One. Learning to relate. PMID- 6567898 TI - Stress and nutrition. PMID- 6567899 TI - Where teamwork takes on a new meaning. PMID- 6567900 TI - Manpower planning. Seven. Staffing a dialysis unit. PMID- 6567902 TI - [Reflections on the generic program in nursing education]. PMID- 6567901 TI - The great pretence. PMID- 6567903 TI - [Play in pediatric nursing]. PMID- 6567904 TI - [Application of principles from organizational psychology in nursing education]. PMID- 6567905 TI - [The influence of sexual level of knowledge in contraceptive devices and venereal diseases on pelvic infections]. PMID- 6567906 TI - Economic beliefs and nurses' wages: sorting fact from fantasy. PMID- 6567907 TI - The nursing shortage myth: living in the time of parenthesis. PMID- 6567908 TI - Management by objectives (MBO) (as applied to nursing service). AB - MBO can be viewed as a practical approach for the motivation of administrators and members within the organization. It requires a considerable amount of time and energy in addition to organizational support. Tosi and Carroll (1968) have demonstrated that, if properly used, MBO can affect the motivation and performance of individuals. As an approach within a system, it provides a major organizational advantage--improved planning! It is a process that compels the administrator to visualize parts in relation to the whole and helps all members of the organization to see important relationships. PMID- 6567909 TI - Nurse acuity systems: CASH vs. GRASP (a determination of nurse staff requirements). PMID- 6567910 TI - Factors that encourage nurses to remain in nursing. PMID- 6567911 TI - A quick cure for those hiring headaches. PMID- 6567912 TI - Nurses and hospice administration. PMID- 6567914 TI - Nursing interventions in postoperative pain. PMID- 6567913 TI - Unmasking the facts. PMID- 6567915 TI - Home team's sense of achievement. PMID- 6567916 TI - At home while visiting. PMID- 6567917 TI - Health education. 1. Prevention by example. PMID- 6567918 TI - Casualties in camouflage. PMID- 6567919 TI - Canada: management. Orem's story. PMID- 6567920 TI - Canada: profile. Women's issues. Interview by Cate Campbell. PMID- 6567921 TI - Canada: education. Recycling an SRN. PMID- 6567922 TI - Cervical cancer. 2. Screening for prevention. PMID- 6567923 TI - The community is a cauldron. PMID- 6567924 TI - Funding home care in a climate of cost containment. PMID- 6567925 TI - Community health diagnosis in nursing. PMID- 6567926 TI - The press image of community health nurses. PMID- 6567927 TI - Public health nursing education for primary health care. PMID- 6567928 TI - The development of mental health consultation to a foster care placement agency. PMID- 6567929 TI - Newer aspects of community nursing participation in public health programs. Sybil Palmer Bellos lecture. PMID- 6567930 TI - The relationship of perceived parental instrumentality and expressiveness to future time perspective of tenth-grade adolescents. PMID- 6567931 TI - Chains of impact from Reaganomics on primary care policies. PMID- 6567932 TI - Unemployment and health: issues in a primary care nursing practice. PMID- 6567933 TI - A model of community-focused nursing. PMID- 6567934 TI - The effects of education on self-care agency. PMID- 6567935 TI - Primary health care: an answer to the dilemmas of community nursing? PMID- 6567936 TI - A comparison of views of school nurses, teachers, and middle-school students regarding health information interests and concerns. PMID- 6567937 TI - The importance of influencing nursing students' attitudes toward older adults. PMID- 6567938 TI - Social support--meaning, measurement, and relevance to community health nursing practice. PMID- 6567940 TI - Networking. PMID- 6567939 TI - An experience in health planning for baccalaureate nursing students. PMID- 6567942 TI - The chronic pain syndrome: its evaluation and treatment. PMID- 6567941 TI - Effect of angiotensin, noradrenaline, vasopressin and aldosterone on urinary kallikrein excretion in the rat. AB - In male Wistar rats, under osmotic diuresis, the effect of angiotensin II, noradrenaline, vasopressin and aldosterone on urinary kallikrein excretion were evaluated. Angiotensin II did not modify but all the others drugs used increased significantly the urinary kallikrein excretion. In all the groups studied the urinary sodium excretion increased. No modifications were observed in urine flow, glomerular filtration rate, urine osmolality and potassium excretion. The urinary kallikrein excretion was always positively correlated with the urinary flow and urinary sodium excretion. No correlation was observed with the other parameters studied. These findings suggest that noradrenaline, vasopressin and aldosterone are important stimulators of the urinary kallikrein excretion. Probably, kallikrein is one of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of urinary sodium excretion. PMID- 6567943 TI - Sexuality and chronic pain. PMID- 6567944 TI - Nurse peer review: 'qualified privilege'. PMID- 6567945 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. MN: 'No position available': unemployment benefits. NY: Heat treatment--Pt. dies: neglect charged. PMID- 6567946 TI - Nurses dispense thorazine p.r.n.: constitutional issue. Case in point: Weiss v. Missouri Dept. of Mental Health (587 Supp. 1157--MO). PMID- 6567947 TI - A semantic differential measure of attitudes toward black American patients. AB - The development of an instrument measuring attitudes toward black American patients using a semantic differential technique is described. Subjects were 242 white senior students enrolled in baccalaureate degree, associate degree, and diploma nursing programs. The instrument consisted of 20 bipolar adjective scales for positive and negative racial stereotypes. A factor analysis resulted in five factors which accounted for the majority of the variance, with 30.2% for Factor I Evaluation. An alpha reliability of .84 for the same factor revealed a high level of internal consistency. To obtain an attitude score, the eight bipolar adjective scales comprising Factor I were summed and the scores obtained were in the neutral range. There were no significant differences among the attitudes of baccalaureate degree, associate degree, or diploma nursing students. Comparisons also were made between the perceptions of students toward black Americans and toward black American patients, with the latter perceived more favorably. PMID- 6567948 TI - Perceived uncertainty and stress in illness. AB - A structural model was proposed to explain the stress resulting from hospitalization for a medical problem. Perceived uncertainty about symptoms, treatment, and outcome was examined as a major predictor of stress. Other variables proposed in the model included seriousness of illness, age, education, and recency of rehospitalization. Testing of the model with hospitalized medical patients indicated support for the relationship of uncertainty to stress. Uncertainty also had the predicted mediating role between seriousness of illness and stress. The only other variable supporting the proposed model was age which related inversely to stress. Much of the unexplained variance in the model is attributed to the heterogeneity of diagnoses in the sample. Suggestions for future testing of the model are presented. PMID- 6567949 TI - Vying for a winning position: management style of the chronically ill. AB - The process used by hospitalized chronically ill persons to defend themselves against the demands of an unpredictable and progressive disease was explored. Intensive, unstructured interviews, constant comparative analysis, and theoretical sampling were the methods used. Vying for a winning position was conceptualized as an organizing principle to describe how patients framed the challenge their disease presented and the attitudes developed to meet that challenge. The major categories of the conceptualization included (a) how patients defined and explained their illness; (b) attitudes and behaviors developed in response to, and as a result of, the uncertainty of the disease process; and (c) the manner in which hospitalization expressed patient efforts to foster control and keep ahead of the disease. PMID- 6567950 TI - A reply to Collins and Fielder: the concept of theory. AB - The purpose of this article is to show that Collins and Fielder (1981) misinterpreted Beckstrand's (1978a, 1978b, 1980) thesis, and to criticize their argument against the idea that theory in nursing can be borrowed from the existing body of scientific and ethical knowledge. Collins and Fielder employed a question-begging definition of theory and distorted Beckstrand's claim in a way that made it easier to attack. In addition, emotional language and appeals to authority were frequently substituted for careful analysis of the issues. I agree that much of the theory needed in nursing cannot be borrowed even though it is likely to be scientific and ethical in form. As a result, I have tried to give some better reasons for believing that theory needed in nursing cannot be borrowed. In addition, many issues concerning the conception of theory in nursing are addressed in this article. PMID- 6567951 TI - Stress levels and health status of victims of a natural disaster. AB - Bereaved, property loss, and control groups (N = 155) were compared 11 months after the volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens using standardized instruments and structured interviews. It was hypothesized that the greater the loss the greater the stress and the poorer the health. Bereaved subjects reported significantly higher levels of stress and lower levels of mental health, but not physical health. Persons who lost their permanent homes reported high rates of stress, but did not report significantly higher levels of depression, somatization, or poorer physical health. Conceptual and methodological implications are discussed. PMID- 6567952 TI - Assessing curriculum implementation: a process for identifying salient variables. AB - The focus of this study was a process for selecting variables for assessing curriculum implementation. Three sets of variables, program characteristics, curriculum content, and curriculum emphasis, were measured to determine the degree to which program goals were implemented in 18 continuing education pediatric nurse practitioner programs. Program directors (19) responded to a questionnaire on the three sets of variables. Results from one-way analysis of variance (alpha = .05) and omega squared (omega 2) were used to identify variables from each of the three sets most likely to account for differences in curriculum implementation among the programs. Three of 11 program characteristics, 5 of 14 content domains, and 3 of 6 emphasis parameters were identified as salient variables for assessing student achievement and long-term curriculum outcomes. PMID- 6567953 TI - Evaluation of a presurgical group program given at two different times. AB - This study was designed to test the outcomes of a preoperative teaching program for cholecystectomy patients and to determine the appropriate time to offer the program. The hypotheses were: (a) Patients in a preadmission program will recover better than those in a program given the eve of surgery, and (b) patients in the control group will have a poorer recovery than those in the two experimental groups. The outcomes measured were state-anxiety, ventilatory function, well being, pain, functional ability, analgesics, and length of hospitalization. There were no significant differences between the three groups except in state-anxiety the eve of surgery which was higher in the control than in the two experimental groups. State-anxiety the eve of surgery and trait-anxiety were the most important variables affecting outcomes. There was a positive and significant linear relationship between pre- and postoperative state-anxiety. PMID- 6567954 TI - Effects of information on patient stereotyping. AB - The influence of information on nurse attitudes and behavior toward a member of a stereotyped group was investigated. Responsibility for the decision to be childless and the intelligence of the person making that decision were manipulated. Student nurses individually interacted with a hypothetical, childless, female patient, presented via audiotape, who was about to undergo surgery for sterilization. The patient was described (a) as seeking sterilization either voluntarily or because of medical necessity, and (b) as either retarded or not classified intellectually. It was hypothesized that the patient who freely chose childlessness would be viewed and treated less positively when thought to be of normal intelligence. When the patient was mildly retarded or seeking sterilization out of medical necessity, however, more positive attitudes and behavior were expected. Both of these hypotheses were supported. The results of this study support the importance of contextual variables on perceptions of patients. PMID- 6567955 TI - [Abdominal portal system (2). Natural portocaval anastomoses]. PMID- 6567957 TI - [Fractures of the nose]. PMID- 6567956 TI - [The hepatic pedicle. The cholecystectomy triangle]. PMID- 6567958 TI - [Sequelae of nose injuries]. PMID- 6567959 TI - [Congenital malformations of the nose]. PMID- 6567960 TI - [Anatomy and morphology of the nose]. PMID- 6567961 TI - [The circulating nurse in a general operating block]. PMID- 6567962 TI - [Tumors of the nose and of the nasal fossae]. PMID- 6567963 TI - [Repair of loss of substance of the nose]. PMID- 6567965 TI - [Rhinopoiesis: pre and postoperative nursing care]. PMID- 6567964 TI - [Rhinoplasty: pre and postoperative nursing care]. PMID- 6567966 TI - [Case report of a nose fracture]. PMID- 6567967 TI - [Pedagogic project for the education of nurse anesthetist assistants]. PMID- 6567968 TI - [Nasal physiology]. PMID- 6567969 TI - [Hospitalization of the coronary patient. Psychological aspects]. PMID- 6567970 TI - [Suturing of the duodenal ulcer. Nurse's role in the operating room]. PMID- 6567971 TI - [The R test: a new diagnostic and monitoring instrument in cardiology or a gadget?]. PMID- 6567972 TI - [Decontamination of the hands in surgery. Technic and critical study of a routine procedure]. PMID- 6567973 TI - [Bandages]. PMID- 6567974 TI - [Thyroid insufficiency]. PMID- 6567975 TI - [Clinical value of morphine via the oral route in the treatment of pain in cancer patients in the terminal stage]. PMID- 6567976 TI - [Nursing care for patients with potassium ion disturbances]. PMID- 6567977 TI - [The central unit for sterilization is not well understood]. PMID- 6567978 TI - [Intravenous treatment, phleboclysis: standardization project]. PMID- 6567979 TI - [Returning to our origins by building our future]. PMID- 6567980 TI - [Myocarditis]. PMID- 6567981 TI - [Organization of the kitchen. I]. PMID- 6567982 TI - [Anorexia nervosa. Nursing care]. PMID- 6567983 TI - [Nursing in the rural area]. PMID- 6567984 TI - [Family planning in rural and semirural areas. Valladolid]. PMID- 6567985 TI - [Nursing today in the Zaragoza Hospital]. PMID- 6567986 TI - [Nursing and the treatment--at home--of a heroin addict]. PMID- 6567987 TI - [Health education, smokers make a lot of smoke]. PMID- 6567988 TI - Patient's advocate. Letting a patient go. PMID- 6567989 TI - A disaster game that prepares you for the real thing. PMID- 6567990 TI - Turning orientation into a game. PMID- 6567991 TI - Ascites: when the liver can't cope. PMID- 6567992 TI - RN master care plan. The patient with liver failure. PMID- 6567994 TI - Emergency! Smoke inhalation: the invisible injury. PMID- 6567993 TI - Emergency! Dealing with burns. PMID- 6567995 TI - Strike! When nurses walk out. PMID- 6567996 TI - What to watch out for with lidocaine. PMID- 6567997 TI - Don't forget your preop patient's fears. PMID- 6567998 TI - Being male in a female profession. PMID- 6567999 TI - What an ESR can--and cannot--tell you. PMID- 6568001 TI - Taming the time-eating tiger. PMID- 6568000 TI - How careful charting saved my career. PMID- 6568002 TI - Patient's advocate. We make memories, too. PMID- 6568003 TI - RN master care plan: preventing electrolyte imbalances. PMID- 6568004 TI - What we learned from a no-code baby. PMID- 6568005 TI - The big shift to home health nursing. PMID- 6568006 TI - A day with a home health nurse. PMID- 6568007 TI - Dodging infectious hazards while you're pregnant. PMID- 6568008 TI - Emergency! Dealing with fractures. PMID- 6568009 TI - Calculate IV drip rates--with ease. PMID- 6568010 TI - What to watch for if your patient has a ventriculostomy. PMID- 6568011 TI - Understanding red cell morphology. PMID- 6568012 TI - RNs play major role in success of study. PMID- 6568014 TI - Medication errors. One in five done wrong. PMID- 6568013 TI - Breastfeeding: it's our responsibility. PMID- 6568015 TI - Government proposes changes to Act. PMID- 6568016 TI - Nurses can help sexual violence victims. PMID- 6568017 TI - Nursing degree bound? Getting into the system. PMID- 6568018 TI - Put it in writing. PMID- 6568019 TI - Human amyloid P component: an elastase inhibitor. AB - Amyloid deposits almost invariably contain a pentagonal-shaped protein (a so called pentraxin), termed amyloid P component (AP), in close apposition to the amyloid fibrils. AP is also detected alongside normal elastin fibres in skin and basement membrane. In the present studies, purified human AP was shown to inhibit the activity of porcine pancreatic elastase. The inhibition of elastolytic activity was not abolished by heating AP to 70 degrees C. Furthermore, two other human serum proteins used as controls did not inhibit elastase activity: albumin, which has a similarly acidic pI, and C-reactive protein, which is a pentraxin, sharing 50% sequence homology with AP. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that elastase treated with AP had a slower elastolytic rate than untreated elastase. The inhibitory effect of AP was reversed by high substrate (fivefold) concentration. These observations suggest that AP may function in vivo to protect elastin and amyloid fibrils from proteolytic cleavage. Indeed, this may in part account for the relative resistance of amyloid deposits to resorption and proteolysis. PMID- 6568020 TI - [Anxiety in children]. PMID- 6568021 TI - [Various ideas on the psychopathological approach to anxiety and anguish]. PMID- 6568022 TI - [Anxiety in children from the psychoanalytical viewpoint]. PMID- 6568023 TI - [A theoretical observation of the psychopathology of children]. PMID- 6568024 TI - [School anguish and the possibilities of child development in this context]. PMID- 6568025 TI - [Environments one does not meddle with. School anguish facing vulnerable children whose troubles aggravate]. PMID- 6568026 TI - [Manifestations of anguish in a child with speech and language retardation during orthophony sessions]. PMID- 6568027 TI - [Description of anxiety in a child during orthophonic management]. PMID- 6568028 TI - [Anguish of the 8th month]. PMID- 6568029 TI - [Soumea: therapeutic consultation and start of psychotherapy]. PMID- 6568030 TI - [Attempt at management of 2 brothers in a distressing situation]. PMID- 6568031 TI - [Anxiety of object loss or "the little escape artist"]. PMID- 6568032 TI - [How an indication for physical rehabilitation transforms itself into relational management towards psychomotor therapy]. PMID- 6568034 TI - [Alternative for sedation? Music via headset during surgery]. PMID- 6568033 TI - [Adrien, the little Oedipus-express (account of brief psychotherapy]. PMID- 6568035 TI - [When infants die during childbirth]. PMID- 6568036 TI - [Marriage and life together. Discussion groups under a health center's direction]. PMID- 6568037 TI - [Key person in key assignment. Chief elected representative--membership's spokesman. Interview by Bjorn Arild Ostby]. PMID- 6568038 TI - [Agreement on training]. PMID- 6568039 TI - [Better care for cancer patients]. PMID- 6568040 TI - [Proposal for a new practice model--around-the-clock continuous health visiting?]. PMID- 6568041 TI - [A good investment]. PMID- 6568042 TI - [Why not 4-hour days right away?]. PMID- 6568043 TI - [A different kind of ethics education]. PMID- 6568044 TI - [Meeting with midwife Sara in Kautokeino. Interview by Berit Fougner]. PMID- 6568045 TI - [National Institute for Public Health: hepatitis B on the wane?]. PMID- 6568046 TI - [New media in education: video recordings on children]. PMID- 6568047 TI - [A NSF (Norwegian Nurses' Association) responsibility: nursing profession in the education of nursing assistants]. PMID- 6568048 TI - [Professional nursing guidance. Help for self evaluation]. PMID- 6568050 TI - [Solidarity within your own group]. PMID- 6568049 TI - [Patients must have peace--whispering worse than noise?]. PMID- 6568051 TI - [Use of HESP (Health and Self-Care Deficiency Profile)--in the measuring of health status]. PMID- 6568052 TI - [Main point]. PMID- 6568053 TI - [The very intensive nursing and treatment unit in the Dr. S van Mesdag Hospital]. PMID- 6568054 TI - [Falling down and picking oneself up with the insulin pump]. PMID- 6568056 TI - The right to live, the right to die. PMID- 6568055 TI - [Medical information for nurses. The continent ileostomy]. PMID- 6568057 TI - Lights, camera, action! PMID- 6568058 TI - "So, you want to be in movies?". PMID- 6568060 TI - Communicating nursing research. Volume 17. Advancing nursing science: qualitative and quantitative approaches. PMID- 6568059 TI - [Acute pancreatitis: a critique of therapeutic methods]. PMID- 6568061 TI - Advancing nursing science: qualitative approaches. PMID- 6568062 TI - The moderating effect of social support upon depression. PMID- 6568063 TI - Subject mortality: is it inevitable? PMID- 6568064 TI - The relationship of social support to health in elderly people. PMID- 6568065 TI - Ethical issues in nursing research. PMID- 6568066 TI - Research in cultural diversity. PMID- 6568067 TI - Strategies for teaching nursing research: placement of research: does it make difference? PMID- 6568068 TI - Advancing nursing science: quantitative approaches. PMID- 6568069 TI - [Drew up insulin evening before]. PMID- 6568070 TI - [Patient mix up discovered by chance]. PMID- 6568071 TI - [Lisbeth Hockey, research pioneer: health services research will not become elitist. Interview by Monika Trozell]. PMID- 6568072 TI - [Equality in Katrineholm: men curious but dare not go along]. PMID- 6568074 TI - [Love's reverse side examined. It doesn't show who has chlamydia]. PMID- 6568073 TI - [Elisabeth Killander, nurse in pain group in Linkoping: distrust and prejudice prevent effective pain relieve. Interview by Inger Lernevall]. PMID- 6568075 TI - [Food in focus fosters women's research]. PMID- 6568076 TI - [It provides a better picture with lower radiation dosage]. PMID- 6568077 TI - [Customary with delegation of work tasks]. PMID- 6568078 TI - [No to grading of students in practice]. PMID- 6568079 TI - Genetic polymorphism of factor B (Bf) in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. AB - The genetic polymorphism of factor B (Bf) was investigated in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. Cellogel immunofixation electrophoresis was employed according to Martin and Ziegler (1981) with minor modifications. In 316 non-blood related Japanese, the Bf was: Bf S, 70.6%; Bf FS, 27.8%; and Bf F, 1.6%. No rare variants were observed. The gene frequencies of Bfs and BfF were 0.845 and 0.155, respectively. The gene frequencies in Okayama Prefecture were quite similar to those in other districts of Japan. Considering the phenotype distribution in Japan, the Bf system might be a useful marker for personal identification and in disputed paternity cases. PMID- 6568080 TI - Time to talk about licensure. PMID- 6568081 TI - The bitter end. PMID- 6568082 TI - Fire! PMID- 6568083 TI - Mechanical ventilation: bringing the patient into focus. PMID- 6568085 TI - Standard plans for care and discharge. PMID- 6568084 TI - Mechanical ventilation: the drug connection. PMID- 6568086 TI - On the outside, looking in. PMID- 6568088 TI - How accurate are your blood pressures? PMID- 6568087 TI - Evaluating disposable briefs. PMID- 6568089 TI - Sexuality and chronic pain. PMID- 6568090 TI - Initialitis. PMID- 6568091 TI - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis blepharitis. AB - Blepharoconjunctivitis caused by methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis occurred in two hospitalized patients, a 74-year-old man and a 19 year-old man. Both strains were resistant to multiple courses of topical antibiotic therapy. Successful treatment in both cases depended upon antibiotic sensitivity testing. These methicillin-resistant strains of S. epidermidis, like methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrated almost complete cross-resistance to cephalosporins despite apparent sensitivity on Kirby Bauer disk sensitivity testing. Topical vancomycin was curative in one case. In the other case, treatment with topical gentamicin, intravenous cefoperazone, and oral rifampin led to resolution of the symptoms. PMID- 6568092 TI - Tissue-specific control of glandular kallikreins. AB - Glandular kallikreins are kinin-generating serine proteases found in the salivary glands, pancreas, reproductive organs, and kidney and in their secretions. They are physico-chemically, enzymatically, and immunologically identical but it is not known whether they perform similar functions at these separate anatomical sites. A specific radioimmunoassay was used to measure immunoreactive kallikrein in these tissues of the rat after various stimuli. Salt depletion significantly increased kallikrein in the kidney from 2.35 +/- 0.17 to 4.11 +/- 0.27 microgram/g tissue (P less than 0.01, 16 DF) and in the salivary glands from 16.8 +/- 2.1 to 24.2 +/- 0.9 mg/g tissue (P less than 0.01, 16 DF), but did not change pancreatic kallikrein. Deoxycorticosterone (2.4 mg s.c. over 8 days) led to a doubling in kidney kallikrein, from 2.35 +/- 0.17 to 5.27 +/- 0.56 microgram/g tissue (P less than 0.01, 18 DF), without changing salivary gland or pancreatic kallikrein, whereas testosterone (240 micrograms/day s.c. over 15 days) significantly increased salivary gland kallikrein from 26.6 +/- 2.1 to 42.2 +/- 1.8 mg/g tissue (P less than 0.01, 18 DF) with no increase in kidney or pancreatic kallikrein. Accordingly, the glandular kallikreins in these tissues vary independently, which suggests they are under different electrolyte and endocrine control and may perform different physiological functions at each anatomical site. PMID- 6568093 TI - Total deafness from aminoglycoside overdosage: histopathologic case study. AB - A 57-year-old patient became totally deaf two days after receiving excessive doses of the aminoglycosidic antibiotic lividomycin parenterally for 14 days; she died four and a half months later. Her temporal bones were examined by microdissection, surface preparation, and serial sectioning of the modiolus. Loss of inner and outer cochlear hair cells was virtually complete. Refractile concretions were scattered along the atrophic stria vascularis, especially in the middle turn. The distal half of the radial cochlear nerve fibers in the osseous spiral lamina had degenerated, but closer to the modiolus they appeared to be intact. The spiral ganglion in the basal turn showed partial loss of neurons. Scanning electron microscopy revealed hair cell loss from the vestibular end organs, more severe in the ampullar cristae than in the utricular macula. The dark cells of the utricular wall appeared to be altered. PMID- 6568094 TI - Ophthalmology operating room standards and infection control concerns. AB - Postoperative infection is a rare complication of intraocular surgery. Although the incidence is low, the morbidity is high in terms of long-term sequelae. Because some ophthalmologists have requested separate operating rooms to reduce the risk of exogenous sources of infection, ophthalmology training program directors were surveyed to determine national standards of practice. Among the 100 centers responding, most were university affiliated (73%), had more than 500 bed hospitals (67%), and had fewer than 50 practicing ophthalmologists (92%). A single operating room was used in 50 centers and only 33 did not permit nonophthalmology cases in the ophthalmology operating rooms. Centers with a greater ophthalmology volume did not differ from low-volume centers in the scheduling of ophthalmology and nonopthalmology clean or infected cases. Program directors from larger centers, however, were more frequently of the opinion that a separate ophthalmology operating room was needed: 86.2% vs. 63.5% (p = 0.04). PMID- 6568095 TI - Comparison of three methods of maintaining a sterile injectate system during cardiac output determinations. AB - Current technique for determining cardiac output involves multiple manipulations of the injectate system and thereby raises the potential for serious infection. A randomized crossover study was undertaken to compare three methods for determining cardiac outputs, focusing on (1) ability to maintain sterile injectate, (2) operator time, and (3) cost effectiveness. The methods compared were the closed-loop injectate delivery, capped-syringe, and double-bag systems. Forty-five subjects were randomly assigned to one of three methods used, then "crossed over" to an alternate method. This resulted in six different groups: (1) 15 subjects assigned to closed loop first, then crossed over to double bag (eight) or capped syringe (seven), (2) 15 subjects assigned to double bag first, then crossed over to closed loop (seven) or capped syringe (eight), and (3) 15 subjects assigned to capped syringe first, then crossed over to double bag (seven) or closed loop (eight). Quantitative cultures of sample injectates served as indicators of contamination. The Wilcoxon signed rank analysis showed no statistical difference (p greater than 0.9) in patient or catheter characteristics between treatment groups. None of 30 cultures from the closed loop method yielded bacterial growth, compared to 6 of the 30 cultures positive from each of the other methods (p less than 0.0001). The closed-loop method also required less operator time and was more cost effective than the two alternate methods examined. PMID- 6568097 TI - Alveolar macrophage modulation of proteolysis by neutrophil elastase in extracellular matrix. AB - An extracellular connective tissue matrix, made up of components found in the pulmonary alveolar interstitium, was generated in vitro and used as a culture surface and substrate for proteolysis by human alveolar macrophages (AM) and neutrophil elastase (NE). The ability of human AM to modulate NE-mediated degradation of elastin and collagen in the surrounding matrix was studied to gain insights into the inflammatory process that accompanies the pathogenesis of emphysema in humans. Neutrophil elastase that had been internalized by AM showed a diminished but more prolonged time course of matrix proteolysis than did a similar amount of NE added to the matrix in the absence of AM. Collagen and elastin degradation were quantitated by release of hydroxylysine and desmosine, respectively, into the culture medium. Significantly more hydroxylysine and desmosine were released by AM that had internalized NE than by AM or by culture medium alone. When 14 X 10(6) AM were added to the extracellular matrix, followed 2 h later by addition of 2 micrograms of NE, collagen and elastin degradation measured at 24 h were not significantly different from that which occurred when matrix was incubated with NE in the absence of AM. Collagen degradation, determined in the same cultures during the period from 24 to 96 h, was significantly greater when matrix was incubated with both AM and NE. These findings suggest that AM can release previously internalized NE in an enzymatically active form and that AM may enhance collagen degradation in matrix that was also exposed to NE. PMID- 6568098 TI - Changing to keep nursing from the brink of extinction. PMID- 6568096 TI - Infection control practices in Canadian hospitals. PMID- 6568100 TI - Shock wave lithotripsy. Extracorporeal treatment of kidney stones. PMID- 6568099 TI - An implantable defibrillator. Help for ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6568101 TI - Intraoperative nursing: developing an elective. PMID- 6568102 TI - Isoflurane: the newest anesthetic agent. PMID- 6568103 TI - Implementing outcome standards. A planning strategy. PMID- 6568104 TI - Patient outcome standards for perioperative nursing. PMID- 6568105 TI - Outcome standards at work. A neurosurgical case study. PMID- 6568106 TI - In the game of politics, do not hesitate to say 'deal me in'. PMID- 6568107 TI - Nursing in Norway. Experiences of an OR nurse. PMID- 6568108 TI - Assessing and improving productivity in the operating room. PMID- 6568109 TI - Biological characterization of various forms of elongation factor 1 from rabbit reticulocytes. AB - Two forms of elongation factor 1 (EF-1) have been tested for a variety of biological functions. One form, EF-1H, is a high-molecular-weight aggregate (Mr greater than 500,000) containing four distinct polypeptides (alpha, beta, gamma, delta). The other form, EF-1 alpha, consists of a single polypeptide which is the same as the alpha subunit of EF-1H. Both EF-1 alpha and EF-1H function catalytically in binding Phe-tRNA to ribosomes, and in poly(U)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. The activity of EF-1 alpha is enhanced in polyphenylalanine synthesis by a complementary component, EF-1 beta delta. It is also shown that EF-1 beta delta can facilitate an exchange of EF-1 alpha-bound GDP for GTP. The EF-1 alpha dissociation constants for GDP and GTP were 0.47 and 0.55 microM respectively, while the EF-1H dissociation constants for GDP and GTP were 2.0 and 1.6 microM, respectively. Thus, while EF-1 alpha and EF-1H had approximately the same affinities for GDP and GTP, the EF-1 alpha dissociation constants were about fourfold lower than the EF-1H dissociation constants. Attempts to isolate complexes of EF-1 alpha or EF-1H with GTP and Phe-tRNA or with GTP, Phe-tRNA, and ribosomes were unsuccessful using either Millipore filters, gel filtration, or sucrose density gradients. The results presented in this report, along with studies from other laboratories, strengthen the hypothesis that the general mechanism of the elongation cycle is similar in eucaryotes and procaryotes. PMID- 6568110 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a previously healthy 14 year-old athlete. PMID- 6568111 TI - Effect of ethanol metabolism on initiation of protein synthesis in rat hepatocytes. AB - Rat liver parenchymal cells were incubated in the presence and absence of ethanol (80 mM). Polysomes were isolated and analysed on sucrose gradients. Ethanol was shown to inhibit the incorporation of 14C-valine into proteins, result in a shift in the distribution of polysomes towards smaller sizes, inhibit the formation of 40S initiation complexes, and diminish the concentration of glucose-6-phosphate in the hepatocytes. Addition of 4-methylpyrazole (0.5 mM) partially prevented the inhibition of protein synthesis and completely restored the polysomal distribution. It is concluded that ethanol inhibits protein synthesis partly by a mechanism linked to ethanol metabolism. This effect takes place at the level of initiation and may be mediated by a reduced gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6568112 TI - An enquiry into midwives' perception of their training. PMID- 6568113 TI - Preparation for political participation. PMID- 6568115 TI - College education for nurses: object lessons from North America. PMID- 6568114 TI - The nursing management of cancer pain. PMID- 6568116 TI - Nursing the impaired mother-infant relationship in puerperal depression. PMID- 6568117 TI - A resource unrecognized--creative management taps full potential of charge nurses. PMID- 6568118 TI - Information processing in nursing practice. PMID- 6568119 TI - Anxiety and conflict in pregnancy: relationship to maternal health status. PMID- 6568120 TI - Nursing research in Scotland: a critical review. PMID- 6568121 TI - Conservation of plant cytoplasmic tRNA structure. Nucleotide sequence of rape tRNAPhe. AB - The primary structure of rape seeds tRNAPhe has been determined. It is identical to that of wheat germ, pea and barley tRNAsPhe, and of the minor tRNAPhe species of yellow lupin seeds. PMID- 6568122 TI - Large-amplitude bending motions in phenylalanine transfer RNA. PMID- 6568123 TI - Tuberculosis control and occupational health services. PMID- 6568124 TI - [Computers in nursing; an introductory overview]. PMID- 6568125 TI - Community nursing. Towards primary health care. PMID- 6568126 TI - [Role expectation of area supervisors in a number of Transvaal provincial hospitals]. PMID- 6568127 TI - Breastfeeding in South Africa. Social and cultural aspects and strategies for promotion. PMID- 6568128 TI - The South African Nursing Association: quo vadis. PMID- 6568129 TI - [Interaction process analysis in nursing]. PMID- 6568130 TI - Communication in nursing. A learning exercise for teachers and students. PMID- 6568131 TI - Elastase-type activity of human serum. Its variation in chronic obstructive lung diseases and atherosclerosis. AB - Human serum was found to contain enzyme activities hydrolyzing succinyl trialanine paranitroanilide and 3H-kappa-elastin Sepharose substrates. Both types of activities could be partly abolished by serine active site titrants (phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride, diisopropylphosphorofluoridate) and partly by neutral chelating agents (EDTA; 1-10-phenanthroline). The combination of phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride and EDTA gave a complete inhibition of human serum elastase-type activities indicating the presence of at least two different types of elastases (serine and metalloproteases) in human serum. In nonsmokers, the average serum elastase-type activity on succinyl trialanine paranitroanilide was found equal to 78.1 ng/ml porcine pancreatic elastase equivalents and on 3H-kappa elastin sepharose beads equal to 688.8 ng/ml. No statistically significant differences were observed in elastase levels in the sera of individuals presenting clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis. The sera of patients suffering from chronic obstructive lung diseases contained, however, higher amounts of elastase-type activities, respectively equal to 237.2 ng/ml on succinyl trialanine paranitroanilide and 1,096 ng/ml on 3H-kappa-elastin Sepharose beads and was quantitatively significant when compared with control subjects. PMID- 6568132 TI - District nurses--still fighting to be heard. PMID- 6568133 TI - Look out, nurse! Watch your car. PMID- 6568134 TI - Look out, nurse! Personal alarms. PMID- 6568136 TI - The painful isolation of the district nurse. PMID- 6568135 TI - Look out, nurse! Cherish those plates of meat. PMID- 6568137 TI - Basics in self defense. PMID- 6568139 TI - Epidemiology: the buzz word for the future. PMID- 6568138 TI - Community psychiatry. Over to you! PMID- 6568140 TI - Health visiting: the accountability debate. PMID- 6568141 TI - Screening. A multitude of problems. PMID- 6568142 TI - Best foot forward. PMID- 6568143 TI - Cystic fibrosis: helping the family to cope. PMID- 6568144 TI - The elderly: a plan for Arthur and Mary. PMID- 6568145 TI - Transport: surviving the winter. PMID- 6568146 TI - In vitro activity of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid (BRL 28500, 'Timentin') against ticarcillin-resistant gram-negative rods. AB - A study was carried out to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of 211 clinical isolates of ticarcillin resistant (MICs greater than 128 micrograms/ml) Gram-negative rods to a combination of ticarcillin plus clavulanic acid. The combination demonstrated superior activity; 90% of the Proteus spp. and 50% of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were inhibited at a concentration of 64 micrograms/ml. It was 2 to 8-times more active than ticarcillin alone against E. coli, Proteus and Klebsiella spp. in half to three-quarters of the strains under test. This enhanced activity was only marginal, however, against Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Serratia and Pseudomonas spp. Against 161 ticarcillin sensitive strains the combination did not have any potentiation effect. PMID- 6568147 TI - Functions of the basal ganglia. PMID- 6568148 TI - The striatal mosaic and local control of dopamine. PMID- 6568149 TI - The neostriatum viewed orthogonally. AB - The work described in this paper suggests that: (1) the neostriatum (a tier of the forebrain) is functionally heterogeneous, i.e. different neostriatal regions mediate responses in different situations; (2) regional specialization may be attributed to selective cortico-neostriatal connections, as indicated by anatomical and neurobehavioural evidence and studies with 2-deoxyglucose; (3) cortical areas and their corresponding principal neostriatal regions are organized 'in series'; (4) small lesions which cause severe but specific 'cognitive' effects do not induce movement disorders; (5) the transmitter of the cortico-neostriatal connections is glutamate. This work and other evidence suggests that the forebrain consists of systems that each contain a 'specific' thalamic nucleus and its associated cortical area and neostriatal region. This view, with three additional assumptions, can tentatively explain not only experimental neurobehavioural results but also certain symptoms of diseases involving the neostriatum. PMID- 6568150 TI - Which motor disorder in Parkinson's disease indicates the true motor function of the basal ganglia? AB - Parkinson's disease in its earlier stages is argued to be the best available model for human basal ganglia dysfunction. The negative motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease are considered to give the greatest clue to normal function of this region of the brain. Particular attention is given to disorders of movement. These include delayed initiation and slowed execution of simple fast movements, due to abnormal specification of initial agonist activity. This might compromise predictive motor action, but this is shown to be preserved in Parkinson's disease. Disorders of more complex movements, such as repetitive, concurrent and sequential motor actions, are also abnormal in Parkinson's disease. These various defects are discussed in terms of a motor strategy involving the selection and sequencing of motor programmes to form a motor plan, and the initiation and execution of that motor plan. On the evidence available, it is suggested that patients with Parkinson's disease are unable to automatically execute learnt motor plans. PMID- 6568151 TI - Basal ganglia lesions and psychological analyses of the control of voluntary movement. AB - Psychological accounts of the voluntary control of movement recognize the contribution of perceptual and decision processes as well as processes such as motor memory and timing that are more obviously a part of motor control. A model including these and other components is outlined in relation to tracking, a task that has often been used to study human perceptual-motor performance. The need for experimental control in addressing such multi-process models is emphasized. A number of studies of perceptual-motor performance deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease are reviewed. The methods by which the studies relate the behavioural data to the hypothesized underlying processes may be broadly grouped according to whether they use a subtractive logic or take a decompositional approach. These studies suggest that the basal ganglia play a role in the activation of pre-planned movement. PMID- 6568152 TI - Pain in the critical care patient. PMID- 6568153 TI - Pediatric pain after cardiac surgery: pharmacologic management. PMID- 6568154 TI - Chest x-ray as an aid in troubleshooting Swan-Ganz catheter placement. PMID- 6568155 TI - Accuracy of oral temperatures in intubated patients. PMID- 6568156 TI - Implementing an ICU transfer tool. PMID- 6568158 TI - When the patient dies: dealing with the family's anger. PMID- 6568157 TI - Setting priorities in the O.R. PMID- 6568159 TI - [Open Center for Nutritional Recovery: an alternative for the treatment of children with severe and moderate malnutrition]. PMID- 6568160 TI - [Study of the type of food which children monitored in "CEDIUC" (Diagnostic Center of the Catholic University of Chile) received during the first 6 months of life]. PMID- 6568161 TI - [Type of food for 0-to-5-month-old infants and its relation to the number of health checkups of healthy children. Cautin and Norte clinics of Antofagasta, December 1982 to May 1983]. PMID- 6568162 TI - [Evaluation of the nursing care of patients hospitalized with acute diarrheal syndrome]. PMID- 6568163 TI - [Analysis of the diarrheal syndrome which is the cause of hospitalization of young children between 0 and 24 months in the Pediatric Service of the L. Guzman Hospital of the city of Antofagasta, 1982]. PMID- 6568164 TI - [Panoramic overview of digestive disorders in infancy in Latin America. Trends in infantile diarrheal syndrome]. PMID- 6568165 TI - [Strategies for lowering the incidence and prevalence of diarrheal diseases in children]. PMID- 6568166 TI - [Experience in nursing activities on the primary and secondary level of care to infants with diarrheal syndrome in Latin America]. PMID- 6568167 TI - [Knowledge as the basic determinant of the curriculum]. PMID- 6568168 TI - [Participation of the nurse in primary and secondary health care for children with diarrheal syndrome at the ambulatory, rural, urban and intrahospital level]. PMID- 6568169 TI - [Ideal primary and secondary care which should be given to children wih diarrheal syndrome within the existing health system in Chile, in rural stations, urban, hospital and community health centers]. PMID- 6568170 TI - [A theoretical model of primary nursing care to the Chilean aged]. PMID- 6568171 TI - [Parasitoses and their sequelae in the physical development of the school population of the Archipelago of Chiloe]. PMID- 6568172 TI - [The use of amiodarone and its nursing management in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in an intensive care unit]. PMID- 6568173 TI - [Influence of high-risk factors in child nutrition disorders]. PMID- 6568174 TI - [Health care of children with diarrheal problems at the level of urban clinics]. PMID- 6568176 TI - [Education in nursing]. PMID- 6568175 TI - [Reactivation of the Chilean Society of Public Health Nursing]. PMID- 6568177 TI - [Nursing care proportioned to hospitalized children admitted for diarrheal problems]. PMID- 6568178 TI - [Training for student nurses in reference to children with diarrheal problems]. PMID- 6568179 TI - Quantification of the different ribosomal phases during the translational elongation cycle in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. AB - The proportionality of different ribosomal phases during elongation was estimated in the highly effective rabbit reticulocyte lysate system by use of several complementary analytical methods. The stoichiometric amounts of ribosome-bound elongation factors EF-1 and EF-2 were determined as a measure of ribosomal A-site occupation. The results were correlated with the puromycin reactivity of the P site-located nascent polypeptide chains. Approximately 25% of the ribosomes were associated with EF-2, indicating that their A-sites contained peptidyl-tRNA. About 35% were associated with EF-1, signifying that their A-sites were occupied by aminoacyl-tRNA. The puromycin reactivity of the nascent chains was approximately 40%. From these data it is concluded that 75% of the peptidyl-tRNAs were located in the P-sites and that their puromycin reactivity was limited by the availability of ribosomal A-sites free for puromycin interaction. After guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-methylene]triphosphate blockage of the translation, the ribosomal content of elongation factors drastically changed. Under these conditions the proportion of EF-1-containing ribosomes increased to approximately 50% while EF-2-containing ribosomes decreased to 5%. Concomitantly, the puromycin reactivity increased to approximately 45%. In contrast to previous assumptions the experiments support the view that the elongation rate is limited by the availability of ribosomal A-sites for the selection of mRNA-cognate aminoacyl tRNAs. PMID- 6568180 TI - CTP can replace GTP in reactions catalyzed by eukaryotic peptide elongation factor 1. AB - In several reactions catalyzed by highly purified peptide elongation factor 1 from rabbit reticulocytes, GTP may be fully replaced by CTP but not by ATP or UTP. This holds true for the factor-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes, GTPase activity, GTP-dependent autophosphorylation of the factor protein and binding of cholesteryl 14-methylhexadecanoate by the factor. PMID- 6568181 TI - Increased translational fidelity caused by the antibiotic kasugamycin and ribosomal ambiguity in mutants harbouring the ksgA gene. AB - The aminoglycoside kasugamycin, which has previously been shown to inhibit initiation of protein biosynthesis in vitro, also affects translational accuracy in vitro. This is deduced from the observation that the drug decreases the incorporation of histidine relative to alanine into the coat protein of phage MS2, the gene of which is devoid of histidine codons. The read-through of the MS2 coat cistron, due to frameshifts in vitro, is also suppressed by the antibiotic. In contrast, streptomycin enhances histidine incorporation and read-through in this system. The effects of kasugamycin take place at concentrations that do not inhibit coat protein biosynthesis. Kasugamycin-resistant mutants (ksgA) lacking dimethylation of two adjacent adenosines in 16 S ribosomal RNA, show an increased leakiness of nonsense and frameshift mutants (in the absence of antibiotic). They are therefore phenotypically similar to previously described ribosomal ambiguity mutants (ram). PMID- 6568182 TI - [Characteristics of malignant tumors in children]. PMID- 6568183 TI - [Preinfarct state]. PMID- 6568184 TI - [Drowning]. PMID- 6568185 TI - [Prophylactic work with young children]. PMID- 6568186 TI - [Rational use of drug preparations in pediatric practice]. PMID- 6568187 TI - [Hygienic education of female milking machine operators]. PMID- 6568189 TI - [Work of the public health officer's side in communal hygiene]. PMID- 6568188 TI - [Mercury poisoning and its prevention]. PMID- 6568190 TI - [Premature rupture in placenta praevia]. PMID- 6568191 TI - [Septic shock as a complication of criminal abortion]. PMID- 6568192 TI - [Focal pneumonia in a stenocardia patient]. PMID- 6568193 TI - [Ambulatory apitherapy of lumbosacral radiculitis and sciatic neuritis]. PMID- 6568195 TI - [Diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 6568194 TI - [Check the speed of the tracing paper of your electrocardiograph]. PMID- 6568196 TI - [Echos from the meeting European Nursing Group]. PMID- 6568197 TI - CRM+ severe Fletcher factor deficiency associated with Graves' disease. AB - A 59-year-old male patient with Graves' disease and severe hereditary Fletcher factor deficiency is described. PKK clotting activity as well as the activity by a chromogenic substrate method (Chromozym PK) was less then 0.01 U/ml. In contrast to functional tests, the immunological assay (Laurell method) showed a PKK antigen concentration of 0.25 U/ml, indicating the presence of an abnormal nonfunctional PKK molecule (CRM+ variant). An inhibitor was excluded since the patient plasma did not inactivate partially purified PKK. Investigation of 11 family members revealed a reduction of the PKK clotting activity in 9 relatives of the patient. Since Graves' disease is considered an autoimmune disease, our case represents an example of an association of a severe hereditary deficiency of a contact factor and an autoimmune disease. PMID- 6568198 TI - Effect of neutrophil cathepsin G on elastin degradation by neutrophil elastase. AB - Human neutrophil cathepsin G was found to be unable to significantly stimulate the degradation of either bovine or human elastin by neutrophil elastase, using four different procedures to monitor digestion. A range of stimulations from 1.1 to 2.9-fold was found, with a 2.0-fold stimulation being the average found with the assays tested. These results contrast with those reported by Boudier et al. [(1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10256-10258] who reported a five- to seven-fold stimulation of elastolysis of human lung elastin by cathepsin G, when present at a 2:1 molar ratio relative to elastase. Significantly, we found little stimulation of elastolysis with either human or bovine lung elastin as substrate while Boudier et al. found stimulation only with the human elastin. Thus, it would appear that cathepsin G does not play a predominant role as an elastolytic enzyme; rather, its role in this case may be one of binding to non-productive sites on the elastin surface. PMID- 6568199 TI - Measurement of the rat urinary plasminogen activator (esterase A) by direct radioimmunoassay in urine and tissue. AB - Rat urinary esterase A, a plasminogen activator with kininogenase activity, was recently purified and characterized (J. Chao (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 4434 4439). A sensitive radioimmunoassay for esterase A has been developed. This assay uses a rabbit antiserum in a final dilution of 1:160 000 and the purified enzyme was labelled with 125I using a lactoperoxidase method. It detects 80 pg of immunoreactive material per tube. This antiserum has some cross-reactivity with rat urinary kallikrein (approximately 5%) but a previously characterized tissue kallikrein antiserum has negligible cross-reactivity with the urinary esterase A in the assays. Therefore, kallikrein levels are measured simultaneously in all samples to obtain accurate levels of immunoreactive esterase A. Dilutions of urine or tissue homogenates showed complete parallelism with esterase A standard curves. No cross-reactivity with dog, human or monkey urine was seen. The recovery of esterase A from rat urine was 99.7 +/- 3.5%. Intra- and between-assay errors were 6.5 and 11.2%, respectively. Immunoreactive esterase A was measured and compared with kallikrein levels in rat urine, kidney, pancreas, submandibular gland, descending colon and ileum. The urinary esterase A excretion rate was reduced significantly in rats on a high sodium, compared with a low sodium diet, but not significantly increased above control by the latter. Nonetheless, a significant correlation between urinary kallikrein and esterase A excretion rate was present. This radioimmunoassay can now be used to measure esterase A levels in urine and tissue as questions have arisen about its regulation and functional significance. PMID- 6568200 TI - Two new Bf S subtypes revealed by isoelectric focusing and immunofixation. AB - The genetic types of the properdin factor B were analyzed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels and subsequent immunofixation. Sera from 516 unrelated, healthy individuals from Southern Germany were examined. Two new subtypes of the Bf*S allele were observed. They were provisionally named Bf*Sb1 and Bf*Sb2(b = basic), since the position of their bands is located slightly towards the cathode. Whereas Bf Sb2 has, thus far, been found only in a single individual, Bf Sb1 was found in five unrelated persons and in a mother and her child indicating a simple codominant mode of inheritance. The combined frequency of the Bf*Sb alleles was calculated to be 0.0067. PMID- 6568201 TI - Monoclonal antibody to rat plasma kallikrein. AB - Monoclonal antibody (MAb) was obtained to rat plasma kallikrein after immunization of BALB/c mice with the purified enzyme. Spleen cells from immunized mice were fused to P-3 mouse myeloma cells. Four antibody secreting hybridomas were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) for production of antibody to rat plasma kallikrein. One hybrid was cloned by limiting dilution and expanded as ascites tumor by injection of 5 X 10(6) cells into the peritoneal cavity of male BALB/c mice primed with 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane. Antibodies at a dilution as great as 1:20,000 were detected in ascites fluid and sera of immunized animals. The lower limit of detection of kallikrein was 0.1 microgram/ml. Secreted antibodies bound specifically to rat and human plasma kallikrein, but did not show any immunological interaction with human urinary or porcine pancreatic kallikrein. The MAb provides the necessary component for an enzyme-linked plasma kallikrein immunoassay. PMID- 6568202 TI - [Danger in the hospital...in the recovery room]. PMID- 6568203 TI - [Nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 6568204 TI - [Mental deficiency and helping relationship]. PMID- 6568205 TI - [Apnea monitors: always reliable?]. PMID- 6568207 TI - [Point-blank. No to nuclear conflict!]. PMID- 6568206 TI - [Euthanasia: a question of death or life]. PMID- 6568208 TI - [A painful experience]. PMID- 6568209 TI - [Health records: source of conflict in occupational health?]. PMID- 6568210 TI - Development in nursing education. PMID- 6568211 TI - Blueprint for change: an overview of developments in nursing education in Australia. PMID- 6568212 TI - A broad overview of developments in nursing education and their implications for the delivery of nursing care. PMID- 6568214 TI - Nosocomial infection control in Latin America: we have to start now. PMID- 6568213 TI - Development of a nursing knowledge base in the life sciences: problems and prospects. AB - This paper reviews some of the issues concerning the role of the life sciences in nursing education. The unique contribution of the study of these sciences to the theory and practice of nursing is noted, but it is argued that progress in their application to the developing curriculum of nursing is hampered by the traditional adherence to the medical and biomedical emphasis in schools of nursing. It is suggested that the use of a new concept termed bionursing could provide a basis for the development of a distinctive link between the life sciences and their application to the practice of nursing. The author reports part of a study of the role of the life sciences in nursing which suggests that nurse educators are themselves concerned about the difficulty of linking the study of the life sciences directly to nursing theory and practice. PMID- 6568215 TI - A multivariate analysis of risk factors for acquiring bacteriuria in patients with indwelling urinary catheters for longer than 24 hours. AB - Data related to risk factors for catheter-acquired bacteriuria were collected prospectively on 112 patients consecutively catheterized for greater than 24 hours at the Hadassah University Hospital. Logistic regression analysis indicated that factors independently associated (p less than or equal to 0.05) with a higher risk of catheter-acquired bacteriuria were as follows: hospitalization in orthopedics or urology, ethnic origin (Arabs greater than Jews), insertion of a catheter after the sixth day of hospitalization, catheterization outside the operating theatres, lack of administration of systemic antibiotics, unsatisfactory catheter care, and prolonged duration (greater than or equal to 7 days) of catheterization before infection occurred. The risk associated with catheterization outside the operating theater could be explained by its correlate, that is, catheterization for incontinence/obstruction as opposed to output measurement. Life-table analyses demonstrated that the daily risk for acquiring bacteriuria during the first six days of catheterization was higher among patients ultimately catheterized for greater than or equal to 7 days than among those ultimately catheterized for less than 7 days (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6568216 TI - Brief report: bacteriological sampling of telephones and other hospital staff hand-contact objects. AB - In an acute-care general hospital, 114 telephones, intercoms, dictaphones, and bedpan flusher handles were sampled in patient-care areas for type of bacterial contamination. Nine of these (7%) demonstrated potentially pathogenic bacteria including Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. Inanimate, environmental, staff hand-contact objects were only lightly contaminated, did not represent a significant reservoir of gram-negative organisms, and therefore, would be unlikely to be a vehicle of transmission of gram-negative bacteria from the hands of one staff member to another under routine circumstances. Surveillance and disinfection of telephones and related hand-contact items in the hospital appear unnecessary. PMID- 6568217 TI - Hospital disinfectants for housekeeping: floors and tables. PMID- 6568218 TI - A perspective on controlling vaccine-preventable diseases among children in Liberia. PMID- 6568219 TI - Hearing and vision screening in preschool children. PMID- 6568220 TI - Vision testing and the school nurse. PMID- 6568221 TI - Speech problems in childhood. PMID- 6568223 TI - The independent social worker. PMID- 6568222 TI - Computers and their use in child health. PMID- 6568224 TI - [Statistical evaluation of andrologic-urologic consultation]. PMID- 6568225 TI - The effect of varying ratios of ticarcillin to clavulanic acid against gentamicin resistant and gentamicin-sensitive Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6568226 TI - Ovalbumin is an elastase substrate. AB - Ovalbumin is partially homologous in sequence with the proteinase inhibitors alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and anti-thrombin III. The region of sequence in ovalbumin which corresponds to the reactive sites of these proteinase inhibitors is susceptible to attack by subtilisin, elastase, thermolysin, bromelain, and Bacillus cereus protease. The esterase activity of elastase is not inhibited by ovalbumin, but ovalbumin is efficiently cleaved by elastase. In contrast with these proteases, trypsin does not cleave ovalbumin. PMID- 6568227 TI - Proteinases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa evoke mucin release by tracheal epithelium. AB - We have determined the potential of exoproducts from pathogenic bacteria to stimulate the release of high molecular weight mucins from goblet cells of airway epithelium in a rabbit tracheal explant system. Culture supernatants from proteolytic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens, but not supernatants from a number of non-proteolytic strains, released mucins from goblet cells. Highly purified elastase and alkaline proteinase from P. aeruginosa stimulated goblet cell mucin release in a dose-dependent fashion. Lipopolysaccharide, exotoxin A, and alginate of P. aeruginosa did not possess mucin release properties. Proteolytic activity was required for mucin release by P. aeruginosa elastase, but such release in goblet cells was not mediated by cyclic AMP. Morphologic studies suggested rapid release of mucins from goblet cells was response to elastase by a process resembling apocrine secretion. Several nonbacterial proteinases mimicked the effect of Pseudomonas proteases. These studies provide support for the hypothesis that bacterial and other play a role in the pathogenesis of mucus hypersecretion in acute and chronic lung infections. PMID- 6568229 TI - Clarifying the issue of baccalaureate education. PMID- 6568230 TI - Management of the enterocutaneous fistula (continuous education credit). PMID- 6568231 TI - Conducting clinical trials. PMID- 6568228 TI - Comparison of live human neutrophil and alveolar macrophage elastolytic activity in vitro. Relative resistance of macrophage elastolytic activity to serum and alveolar proteinase inhibitors. AB - Elastin is an extracellular matrix protein critical to the normal structure and function of human lung. Recently reported data indicate that live human alveolar macrophages can degrade purified elastin in vitro. In this study, we directly compared the elastolytic activity of alveolar macrophages with that of human neutrophils. In the absence of proteinase inhibitors, human neutrophils degrade much more elastin than do human alveolar macrophages. However, macrophages cultured in 10% human serum and in contact with purified 3H-elastin degraded 4.7 micrograms elastin/10(6) cells per 24 h, as compared to less than 1 microgram/10(6) cells/24 h for neutrophils. We observed a similar pattern when the two cells were cultured in human alveolar fluid. We determined that the relative resistance of macrophage elastolytic activity to serum or alveolar proteinase inhibitors was not simply due to phagocytosis of substrate by the larger macrophages. Live macrophages as well as neutrophils degrade 125I-elastin coupled to noningestible sepharose beads. Again in serum-free media, neutrophils degraded eight-fold more elastin than macrophages but only macrophages degraded sepharose-coupled elastin in the presence of 10% serum. Because of these findings, we compared the enzymatic mechanisms of elastin breakdown by macrophages with that of neutrophils. Macrophage elastolytic activity is largely (65-80%) due to a cysteine proteinase(s), at least part of which is Cathepsin B. Approximately half of the cysteine proteinase activity appeared to be expressed at or near the cell surface. These experiments defined two enzymatically distinct pathways of elastin breakdown by human inflammatory cells: the classic, neutrophil derived soluble elastase(s) that is sensitive to serum and alveolar proteinase inhibitors, and a macrophage-mediated pathway that is largely cell associated and relatively resistant to inhibitors. The function of the two pathways depends on the relative excess or deficiency of soluble inhibitors. At inflammatory sites rich in proteinase inhibitors, tissue macrophages may degrade more extracellular matrix elastin than neutrophils. In smokers without antiproteinase deficiency, pulmonary macrophages, which are known to be increased in number, may be the more important cause of elastin breakdown and emphysema. PMID- 6568232 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 6568233 TI - Continence-preserving operations for ulcerative colitis and multiple polyposis. PMID- 6568234 TI - On conducting research: definition of terms. PMID- 6568235 TI - Drugs: actions and reactions. Topical corticosteroids. PMID- 6568236 TI - Establishing a resource for care of the aged. PMID- 6568237 TI - Incontinence: an update on nursing care measures. PMID- 6568238 TI - Who is at risk? Hip fracture epidemiology report. PMID- 6568239 TI - Health promotion strategies for the aged. PMID- 6568240 TI - NIA: a national resource for the elderly and nursing. PMID- 6568241 TI - Aging in Palau. PMID- 6568242 TI - Debating euthanasia: an international perspective. PMID- 6568243 TI - Collaborating with the World Health Organization. PMID- 6568244 TI - Psychotropic medications and side effects in the elderly. PMID- 6568245 TI - Interview: "support elder independence" says 1984 ANA Gerontological Nurse of the Year. PMID- 6568246 TI - Aging in developing countries. PMID- 6568248 TI - Intrathecal morphine sulfate for intractable cancer pain. PMID- 6568247 TI - Lack of correlation of severity of lung disease with the phosphatidylcholine concentration in fetal lung fluid from premature lambs at 133-136 days gestational age. AB - Fetal lung fluid was collected following tracheotomy at the time of delivery of 40 premature lambs at 133-136 days gestational age. The concentration of phosphatidylcholine and saturated photophatidylcholine in fetal lung fluid was compared with the severity of lung disease of the lambs as assessed after 3 to 10 h of controlled mechanical ventilation with only peak inspiratory pressures varied to control the PCO2 values. Phosphatidylcholine concentration in fetal lung fluid did not correlate with the peak inspiratory pressures needed to ventilate the lambs, total lung compliance values, or the surfactant phosphatidylcholine pool sizes measured by alveolar wash after sacrifice. The ratio of saturated to total phosphatidylcholine was constant (0.55 +/- 0.02) and independent of concentration of phosphatidylcholine in the fetal lung fluid. The fetal lung fluid contained only about 0.7% of the final surfactant phosphatidylcholine pool released by the lambs to the alveoli after birth. Within a narrow gestational age range characterized by lung disease of widely varying severity, the phosphatidylcholine concentrations in fetal lung fluid were not predictive of the severity of lung disease. PMID- 6568249 TI - Evoked potentials: nursing perspectives. AB - An evoked potential is an electrical manifestation of the brain's response to an external stimulus. Evoked potential studies provide a sensitive, quantitative assessment of portions of the neurological system which may enhance clinical data but do not indicate specific diagnosis. Nurses, by enhancing self knowledge related to evoked potential studies, should be better able to present concise information to patient and families. The outcome will be a more knowledgeable and less anxious patient. PMID- 6568250 TI - Factors which influence neuropsychological recovery from severe head injury. PMID- 6568251 TI - Developing a brief neuropsychological mental status exam: a pilot study. PMID- 6568252 TI - The slow death: Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6568253 TI - Research in the clinical setting: potential barriers to implementation. AB - In summary, three major potential barriers to initiating and implementing clinical nursing research are: system/entry restraints, education, and priorities. Each of these three major barriers consist of a number of factors that require acknowledgement by the nurse researcher. Potential barriers that impede or discourage clinical nursing research must be overcome to facilitate nursing research in the practice setting. PMID- 6568254 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri and a long-term intracranial pressure monitoring device. PMID- 6568255 TI - Maternal Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Even though maternal Guillain-Barre syndrome is very rare, there may be approximately a 6 percent chance of its development in a pregnant woman. There are still many unanswered questions as to why it develops during pregnancy. Although limited information is available for assistance to victims of maternal Guillain-Barre syndrome, the study of these cases is continuing. PMID- 6568256 TI - Hydrocephalus: an overview and update. AB - Hydrocephalus is a chronic disease process and one of the most prevalent conditions in pediatric neurosurgery. At Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital, the neurosurgery department treats approximately 200 cases of hydrocephalus annually. This volume of patients has caused us to revise our diagnostic and operative protocols in order to more effectively meet the needs of our patients. At the current time, a shunting procedure is the most effective way to treat chronic long-term hydrocephalus. However, shunts are not without associated problems and it is these difficulties that have served as encouragement to continue our research into new and more improved methods of treatment. PMID- 6568257 TI - Cerebral arteriovenous malformations: update for neuroscience nurses. PMID- 6568258 TI - Problems and coping strategies identified by narcoleptic patients. PMID- 6568259 TI - Theoretical strategies and nursing interventions to promote psychosocial adaptation to spinal cord injuries and disability. PMID- 6568260 TI - Family crises following head injury: a network intervention strategy. PMID- 6568261 TI - Case report: electrophrenic respiration and discharge planning with a C1 quadriplegic. AB - The neuroscience aspects of care associated with a 365-day hospitalization of a 25-year-old, C1 quadriplegic are presented in the following article. The patient and his family have given permission to present specifics of his case and to use his name and photograph. This report does not consider all of the technical aspects of this patient's care. Our focus is on procedures and problems concomitant with phrenic stimulation and with discharge planning. PMID- 6568262 TI - Languages, DBMSs, and expert systems. Software for nurse decision making. AB - This article sheds some light on the task of selecting software for decision making by nurse administrators. The basics of software are described, defining and distinguishing software, firmware, programs, languages, and systems (including database management and expert systems). A discussion of evolving trends and a short discussion of how to go about selecting software systems to meet your needs are included. PMID- 6568263 TI - Getting on top of organizational change. Part 3. The corporate nurse executive. AB - Nurse executives are challenged by many external and internal forces to revitalize and restructure nursing department organization. As goals are set to meet these challenges, the underlying and always present theme of change becomes apparent. To help you become more effective as a change agent, a series of three articles concerning theories of change and organizational development, strategies for organizational change, and the role of the nurse administrator is presented. In this final article, the author discusses the emerging role of corporate nurse executives. PMID- 6568264 TI - "So you've never had a mentor ... not to worry". PMID- 6568265 TI - Increasing productivity through performance evaluation. AB - Four components form the base for a performance evaluation system. A discussion of management/organizational shortcomings creating performance problems is followed by a focus on the importance of an ongoing discussion of goals between the manager and the subordinate. Six components that impact performance are identified, and practical suggestions are given to increase motivation. A coaching analysis process, as well as counseling and disciplining models, define the steps for solving performance problems. PMID- 6568266 TI - Nurse-midwifery practice: evolution of standards. PMID- 6568267 TI - A decade of nurse-midwifery practice in a tertiary university-affiliated hospital. PMID- 6568268 TI - The use of castor oil to stimulate labor in patients with premature rupture of membranes. PMID- 6568269 TI - The preparation of young children for the birth of a sibling. PMID- 6568270 TI - The establishment of private nurse-midwifery practice in New York City. PMID- 6568271 TI - Effects of oral contraceptives on vitamins B6, B12, C, and folacin. PMID- 6568272 TI - A literature review on sexual abuse research. PMID- 6568274 TI - Rational use of antibiotics. PMID- 6568273 TI - Nurse-midwifery in a developing country: maternal and child health in Mozambique. PMID- 6568275 TI - Experimental study of the pathogenesis of choledochal cyst and pancreatitis, with special reference to the role of bile acids and pancreatic enzymes in the anomalous choledocho-pancreatico ductal junction. AB - To investigate the mechanisms initiating pancreatic enzyme activation followed by the development of a choledochal cyst and/or pancreatitis under anomalous choledocho-pancreatic ductal junction (ACPDJ), choledocho-pancreatic end-to-side ductal anastomosis was successfully performed in 40 puppies as an experimental model of ACPDJ. As a result, reflux of pancreatic juice into the common bile duct readily and continuously occurred, and all pancreatic enzymes in bile obtained from the common bile duct were activated. Total bile acids increased about 2 months after surgery, and the ratio of taurodeoxycholic acid to total bile acids increased within the first months after surgery. Various degrees of common bile duct dilatation developed in all puppies within 7 to 10 days after the surgery, and no further dilatation occurred in the subsequent period. Histological change in the pancreatic duct was less prominent than that in the common bile duct, but histologically proved chronic pancreatitis was found in three of 23 sacrificed dogs, in which there was strong evidence of free and massive regurgitation of the bile-pancreatic juice mixture between the bile and the pancreatic duct systems. These findings in this experimental study constitute the first step to prove that ACPDJ, which is often found in patients with choledochal cyst, is an important etiologic factor not only for choledochal cyst but also for pancreatitis, and bile acids play an important role in the mechanism of pancreatic enzyme activation under the condition of ACPDJ. PMID- 6568276 TI - Ins and outs of pancreatic enzymes and adjuvant therapies. PMID- 6568278 TI - A short study on the sodium concentration controller. PMID- 6568277 TI - Health-related problems of patients on hemodialysis. PMID- 6568279 TI - From manuscript to published paper. PMID- 6568281 TI - "Mystic moon". PMID- 6568280 TI - CAPD peritonitis data collection and analysis. PMID- 6568282 TI - Nutritional cornucopia. PMID- 6568283 TI - Right or wrong? How do we decide? A model for making ethical decisions. PMID- 6568284 TI - A tale of two organs. PMID- 6568285 TI - A review of the pathophysiologic basis of end stage renal disease. PMID- 6568286 TI - One unit's approach to patient education. PMID- 6568287 TI - [Enzymochemical studies on pancreatic elastase. II. Actions of hog pancreatic elastase I on fibronectin]. PMID- 6568288 TI - Advanced licensure: mistake or necessity? Setting standards for specialty practice. PMID- 6568289 TI - Diagnostic labeling. The rotten apple stigma. PMID- 6568290 TI - Amblyopia. PMID- 6568291 TI - Newer techniques in the evaluation of visual acuity in infants. PMID- 6568292 TI - Disorders of ocular motility in childhood. PMID- 6568293 TI - Interview: pediatric surgery makes headlines. PMID- 6568294 TI - Clinical tests for dry eyes. PMID- 6568295 TI - Chalazion. PMID- 6568296 TI - Using contact lenses through the growing years. PMID- 6568297 TI - [Diabetes in pregnancy and congenital anomalies]. PMID- 6568298 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of pregnant diabetes patients]. PMID- 6568299 TI - [Pregnancy and diabetes mellitus. Maternal care at the perinatal stage and care of the newborn infant]. PMID- 6568300 TI - [Nursing of diabetic patients during pregnancy and puerperium (1): blood sugar control during pregnancy]. PMID- 6568301 TI - [Nursing of diabetic patients during pregnancy and puerperium (2): nursing practice at our hospital]. PMID- 6568303 TI - [Report on 2 cases of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy]. PMID- 6568302 TI - [Assessment and nursing plans for diabetic patients during pregnancy and puerperium]. PMID- 6568304 TI - [Survey on a traditional special menu celebrating childbirth]. PMID- 6568305 TI - [Midwifery practice in Sweden. Continued care supported by active participation by midwives. Discussion]. PMID- 6568306 TI - [Establishment of the Yamaguchi Prefecture Maternal Health Association as the 24th subsection of the Japanese Association of Maternal Health]. PMID- 6568307 TI - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 7. Adrenal cortex hormones and their effects on fetal lung maturation]. PMID- 6568308 TI - [Introduction to obstetrical endocrinology. 19. Thyroid hormones]. PMID- 6568310 TI - [Artificial organs 10. Heart-lung machines]. PMID- 6568309 TI - [Topics at the 7th International Symposium of Perinatology. (3)]. PMID- 6568311 TI - [Nursing diagnosis. 19. Discussion: responsibility and self-assertiveness in nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 6568312 TI - [Re-evaluation of routine care. 34. Rest (2): nurses' responsibility in releasing patients from the forced rest]. PMID- 6568313 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families]. PMID- 6568314 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families with aged dementia patients. Nursing care required of families and the care families are unable to give: experiences as a family member for 10 years and as a volunteer for 3 years]. PMID- 6568315 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families. Experience of a former professional woman who resigned her position to care for her mother-in law who wandered habitually]. PMID- 6568316 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families. Practical theory of the care of aged dementia patients proposed by a husband who is caring for his wife]. PMID- 6568317 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families. Experience of a daughter nursing her aged, demented mother together with her mother-in-law]. PMID- 6568318 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families. The role of nursing personnel expected by patients' families at the onset of illness: experiences by nursing students in home nursing]. PMID- 6568319 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families. Learning experiences by families and nursing personnel and their dynamics]. PMID- 6568320 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families. Capacity of the family and an optimum form of the nursing system: through the experiences in nursing of Mr. Y from the onset of the illness to the final moment]. PMID- 6568321 TI - [Regional nursing care needed by aged dementia patients and their families: activities by the Chiba section of an organization to aid families. Effectiveness and limitations of home nursing in the acute stage of senile dementia]. PMID- 6568322 TI - [Attitude of nursing personnel toward the aged: a view on geriatric nursing through the experience with Mr. O]. PMID- 6568324 TI - [Physical therapy at a home for the aged: challenge to the conventional view on the aged]. PMID- 6568323 TI - [Physiology of pain: with special reference to the gate control theory]. PMID- 6568325 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation: establishment of team work in rehabilitation therapy]. PMID- 6568326 TI - [A comment by a nursing director: women's attitudes]. PMID- 6568327 TI - [A chosen mother: a life with a handicapped child. 10. "Heidi and Peter" of our family]. PMID- 6568329 TI - [Geriatric care in the United States. 10. Nurse specialists at clinics at Ann Arbor and Dallas]. PMID- 6568328 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Masumi Taira who is engaged in public health education in Okinawa]. PMID- 6568330 TI - [Environment surrounding nurses in the United States]. PMID- 6568331 TI - [Activities at the Seirei Mikatahara Hospital Hospice in the past 3 years: significance in the name change from "Ward 15" to "Hospice"]. PMID- 6568332 TI - [Technology and education in nursing]. PMID- 6568333 TI - [Need for philosophy in nursing education: setting focal points in teaching]. PMID- 6568334 TI - [Learning experiences in clinical nursing: a method of motivating students in self-discovery]. PMID- 6568335 TI - [On nursing education. 28. Training of capable nursing personnel for the coming generation]. PMID- 6568336 TI - [Methodology and goals in nursing education: solutions for problems at nursing scenes. 4. Instructional design]. PMID- 6568337 TI - [Response of public health nurses to public expectation. Re-evaluation of public health activities at Shizuoka Prefecture: the background requiring re evaluation]. PMID- 6568338 TI - [Process, outline and significance of incorporation of a theory of re-evaluation of public health activities in public health nursing training]. PMID- 6568339 TI - [Re-evaluation of a routine duty (health examination of 3-year-olds) in regional public health activities. 1. The process of the study of focal points and weighting the objects]. PMID- 6568340 TI - [Learning experience at a seminar on "re-evaluation of public health activities by focusing on the nursing scene"--re-evaluation of a conference to promote regional mental health at the area under a public health clinic]. PMID- 6568341 TI - [The theory of "re-evaluation" of public health activities and my personal view]. PMID- 6568343 TI - [Learning from the theory of re-evaluation of public health activities]. PMID- 6568342 TI - [Re-evaluation of public health activities and its future impact]. PMID- 6568344 TI - [Discussion. Consequences of the research on re-evaluation of public heath activities]. PMID- 6568345 TI - [Infection control in the operating room]. PMID- 6568346 TI - [Infection control in the intensive care unit]. PMID- 6568347 TI - [Control of airborne infections in the hospital]. PMID- 6568348 TI - [Job stress in nursing]. PMID- 6568349 TI - [R.E.A.C.T.: a new system for measuring postanesthesia recovery]. PMID- 6568350 TI - [Protecting your job]. PMID- 6568351 TI - [Nosocomial infections and nurse's role]. PMID- 6568352 TI - Integrating cardiovascular health education with an English curriculum in a secondary school. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the impact on cognitive and attitude retention of a cardiovascular (CV) health education unit that was integrated within high school English classes. The integrated program was an extension of previous research on the Cardiovascular School Health Curriculum that was developed by the National Heart and Blood Vessel Research and Demonstration Center, Baylor College of Medicine. The results of this study supported the hypotheses that CV health education can be successfully integrated within the English curriculum of secondary schools. This joint effort between health education and a liberal art assisted students in retaining important facts related to CV disease and in maintaining more positive attitudes toward their abilities to control their CV risks. PMID- 6568353 TI - Smoking behavior and the tobacco crop. AB - The purpose of the study was to measure the influence of the physical and economic presence of the tobacco crop on the smoking behavior and related attitudes of adolescents in tobacco raising regions. A stratified random sample of all grades five-12 from the schools in four Kentucky counties yielded a sample size of 1,322 students. A variable called Tobacco Crop Intensity (TCI), based on pounds of tobacco sold per population and land area, was defined. It was determined that the counties were polarized on this variable; two counties have a much more significant crop. Students from the pairs of counties were surveyed and compared. Results indicate that young people living in the counties with high intensity tobacco production or whose parents grow tobacco were twice as likely to smoke cigarettes; some of their attitudes and beliefs indicate a greater predisposition to cigarette smoking. Implications for government agricultural and educational policy are discussed. PMID- 6568354 TI - Weight control in adolescent girls: a comparison of the effectiveness of three approaches to follow-up. AB - The purpose of the project was to compare the effectiveness of three different types of follow-up of a weight control program in assisting adolescent girls to achieve and maintain ideal body weight. During the initial phase of the weight control program, subjects attended two sessions of approximately one hour each for eight weeks. One session each week included theory and practice of physical exercise. The other session was devoted to behavioral control of eating and diet therapy. After eight weeks, 18 subjects were divided randomly into three groups for follow-up: Group 1--monthly measurements and reinforcement of behavioral, diet, and exercise components of the weight control program; Group 2--monthly measurements; and Group 3--annual measurements. Fifteen subjects completed the 12 month follow-up program. Mean weight loss during follow-up of Group 1 was 3.65 kg, Group 2 was 1.90 kg, while Group 3 had a mean weight gain of 3.44 kg. The results suggest that regular follow-up may be a critical element in successful weight control programs for adolescent girls. PMID- 6568355 TI - Meeting the needs of the teen-age pregnant student: an in-school program that works. AB - The drop-out rate for pregnant students in the York (Pennsylvania) City School District is dramatically lower than the national average because the district recognized the need for meeting the unique problems of the pregnant student. In York, as in the rest of the nation, teen-age pregnancy was on the increase. Administrators of the district realized that a separately housed alternative education program would be too costly. In January 1979, the authors designed and implemented an in-school program called "Changing Roles." Five years later, that program has become an important factor in keeping the majority of pregnant students in school, at the same time, providing the girls the special information they need. In the 1982-83 school year, only 9.5% of the pregnant students dropped out of York City schools. This rate is far below the national drop-out rate of 80% to 90%. PMID- 6568356 TI - A new approach to health education inservice training. AB - Inservice training to promote health education is important and, for it to be truly effective, teachers must be intimately involved from the beginning. This article describes the operation of the Portal School Program at Arizona State University which is one method for promoting health education in elementary schools. The program is easy to implement and has been shown to be effective. The program uses a three-phase approach of development, dissemination, and review. It provides for the development of teacher designed health education materials, promotes the use of these materials in the classroom, and provides a mechanism for their review and refinement. PMID- 6568357 TI - Retention of emergency care knowledge. AB - This study provided data on the emergency care knowledge of students as measured by a pretest, posttest, and retention test. Fifty college students were the sample. The mean score for pretest was 62, posttest 86.75, and retention test 83.6. Pearson correlations were calculated for pretest, posttest, and retention test pairwisely. Data analyses revealed that all correlations were significantly greater than zero at the .05 level. A high relationship existed between students' posttest scores and retention test scores. ANOVA was used to gather information to determine if significant differences in students' first aid knowledge existed between the posttest and the retention test. Findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the emergency care knowledge scores of students when comparing the posttest to the retention test. PMID- 6568358 TI - Competencies of Florida school health educators. AB - This study examined and compared the importance of specific competencies for bachelor's level and master's level school health educators in Florida. A survey instrument utilizing a five-point scale was administered to 69 respondents to ascertain the importance of 135 competencies in the areas of administration, evaluation, general health knowledge, and communication. Results of the analysis of data indicate that bachelor's level health educators require competencies necessary for the direct delivery of health instruction, while master's level health educators need to possess specific competencies in administration and evaluation. PMID- 6568359 TI - Developing, implementing, and evaluating a wellness education program. AB - A Wellness Behavior Inventory and a wellness education program were developed and implemented to determine the effectiveness of the program in changing 10th grade students' attitudes and behaviors concerning wellness. Experimental (N = 24) and control (N = 24) groups completed the Attitudinal Inventory of Wellness and the Wellness Behavior Inventory developed by the researchers as a pretest, four week later as a posttest, and an additional four weeks later as a post-posttest. The experimental group participated in the four-week, 800-minute educational program between the pretest and posttest, while the control group received no intervening treatment. Groups were matched by age, IQ, and sex. The research concluded that the education program was effective in enhancing positive attitudes and behaviors toward wellness among selected 10th grade students. A follow-up study was conducted and an additional questionnaire was used to identify encouragers and/or discouragers for participants who continued to practice or not practice wellness behavior. PMID- 6568360 TI - School nurses: improve the reception and sharpen the image. AB - Many educators and community members misunderstand the present-day school nurses. These nurses' roles encompass a much broader range of health-related activities than did their predecessors' roles. Continued education and professional autonomy have enabled school nurses to direct their attention to primary and secondary prevention and to the maintenance of health. By utilizing a systems approach, school nurses can plan strategies that promote visibility and clarify their images. The outcome could result in better understanding and cooperation between the nurses and other school personnel, resulting in an ultimate benefit to children. The organization of a city school district's health service program and the functions of some of its team members are described. Pertinent statistics regarding the district and the nurses working within it are provided. Examples are given of typical school nurses experiences and responsibilities. Numerous suggestions are made for establishing networks with those persons having formal and informal power in order to achieve visibility and credibility. Some of the suggestions include participation at parent association meetings, presidents' council, teacher-faculty meetings, community council meetings and spreading the message via school and local newspapers. PMID- 6568362 TI - [Staffing in hospital]. PMID- 6568361 TI - 1984 Presidential election: issues of relevance to child and adolescent health. PMID- 6568363 TI - [Staffing of nurses according to the PPC method]. PMID- 6568364 TI - [Size of nursing unit and building of nursing team]. PMID- 6568365 TI - [Staffing form perspective of personality of each staff member]. PMID- 6568366 TI - [Discussion about human beings from the biological viewpoint]. PMID- 6568367 TI - [Introduction of theories into nursing administration (4)]. PMID- 6568368 TI - [Tiredness of nurses in shift work]. PMID- 6568369 TI - [Instruction of student's nursing care of the old patient]. PMID- 6568370 TI - [Method and effects in teaching "the technic of physical examination of the adult" to student nurses]. PMID- 6568371 TI - [Report of nurse students' practice in nursing homes]. PMID- 6568372 TI - [How I teach nursing diagnosis to student nurses]. PMID- 6568373 TI - [Discussion about human beings from the biological viewpoint]. PMID- 6568374 TI - [Introduction of theories on nursing administration (3)]. PMID- 6568375 TI - [Activity analysis of ward nurses during night duty; studies in the planning of hospital wards]. PMID- 6568376 TI - [Instruction of students' nursing practice of the aged patient]. PMID- 6568377 TI - [Method and effects of teaching "the technic of physical examination of the adult" to student nurses]. PMID- 6568378 TI - [Teaching-learning method of problem-solving process in nursing]. PMID- 6568379 TI - [When student nurses apply the instillation technic the first time, to what degree can they do it?]. PMID- 6568380 TI - The new reproductive possibilities: seeking a moral basis for concerted action in a pluralistic society. PMID- 6568381 TI - Functional evaluation of the elderly in guardianship proceedings. PMID- 6568382 TI - Legal issues in school nursing practice. PMID- 6568383 TI - [Cardial achalasia and pregnancy]. PMID- 6568384 TI - [Treatment characteristics of peptic ulcer in pregnant women]. PMID- 6568385 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of pancreatitis]. PMID- 6568386 TI - [Diagnosis of diseases of the rectum and large intestine]. PMID- 6568387 TI - [Duodenal intubation]. PMID- 6568388 TI - [Esophagogastroduodenoscopy]. PMID- 6568389 TI - [Current concepts of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6568390 TI - [Gout]. PMID- 6568391 TI - [Hemorrhagic vasculitis]. PMID- 6568392 TI - [Organization of the work of a functional diagnosis office in the polyclinic]. PMID- 6568394 TI - [Influenza vaccines]. PMID- 6568393 TI - [Care of middle-aged and elderly patients with cardiovascular failure]. PMID- 6568395 TI - [Side effects of salicylates]. PMID- 6568396 TI - [Chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6568397 TI - [Erosive-ulcerative lesions of the esophagus and stomach]. PMID- 6568398 TI - [Treatment and prevention of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6568399 TI - A short stroll through the posttranslational zoo. PMID- 6568400 TI - Sexual activity during pregnancy. PMID- 6568401 TI - When your patients ask more about the MRC vitamin study. PMID- 6568402 TI - The role of the school doctor in special schools. PMID- 6568403 TI - The NHS and local authorities: joint planning at the crossroads. Part 1. PMID- 6568404 TI - [A method of conformation calculations of large nucleic acid fragments. V. Conformation rearrangements of the modified T psi C-loop of phenylalanyl tRNA]. AB - A development of our method of group-group interactions for conformational calculations of large polynucleotide chains is described. The method takes into account the base-base interactions by means of H-bonds which form Watson-Crick, Hoogsteen and reverse Hoogsteen base-pairs. A variation of the dielectric constant on microscopic distances is considered. Calculations of conformational possibilities of the T psi C-loop in rabbit liver tRNAVal, which, in contrast to tRNAPhe, contains two adenosine A59 and A60 opposite to U54 and psi 55 is performed. In T psi C-loop of tRNAVal energetically favourable conformational rearrangements are possible. The T psi C-stem is extended by an additional A60 X U54 and A59 X psi55 Watson-Crick pair, and 3 nucleotides are present in the loop. There are 3 conformations of the T psi C-loop of tRNAVal with a long stem, which have various conformations of the 3 non-paired nucleotides. The relative energy of various conformations are defined to a considerable extent by screening the electrostatic interactions of phosphate groups. The agreement of conformational rearrangement calculations with experimental data is discussed. PMID- 6568405 TI - [Characteristic features of heat inactivation of leucyl-tRNA- synthetase from the rabbit liver in the presence of various tRNA conformers]. AB - The effect of biologically inactive and active tRNA conformers on heat inactivation of leucyl-tRNA synthetase was investigated. The data presented show that inactive tRNA conformers seem to form complexes with leucyl-tRNA synthetase, but the thermal stability of the enzyme involved in the complex with inactive and active tRNA conformers is rather different. PMID- 6568406 TI - [Primary structure of tRNALeuIAG from the mammary gland of the lactating cow]. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the tRNALeuIAG from a lactating cow mammary gland was determined by ultramicrospectrophotometrical method and rapid gel sequencing procedure. The chain length of this tRNA is 85 nucleotides, 15 of them including 6 psi, are modified nucleotides. The primary structure of tRNALeuIAG is absolutely identical to major species of leucyl tRNAIAG from bovine liver and differs in 21 positions from cow mammary gland tRNALeuCAG. PMID- 6568407 TI - [Spectral characteristics of muscle aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA- synthetases in normal animals and in an experimental model of prolonged starvation]. AB - Conformational differences between asparagyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases from normal (ARSn) and long-fasting (ARSf) rabbit's muscle were revealed by means of UV fluorescence and differential spectroscopy. The fluorescence spectra indicate more hydrophobic environment of tryptophan residues in the ARSf's at similar quantum yields. The differential absorption spectra reveal the distinctions between tryptophanyl microenvironments for ARS's of different amino acid specificity and for ARSn's and ARSf's of the same specificity. Lower accessibility of tryptophan residues in ARSn's in comparison with ARSf's was shown by selective fluorescence quenching with Cs+ and I- ions. The effect of long-wave shift of fluorescence spectra at the edge excitation was used for studies on microenvironment of chromophors and the rate of the dipole orientational relaxation of this microenvironment. PMID- 6568408 TI - [Isolation and purification of aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA-synthetases from muscles of normal and long-fasting rabbits. Structural characteristics and various kinetic parameters]. AB - Highly purified aspartyl- and valyl-tRNA synthetases were obtained by 6-stage purification from normal and long-fasting rabbit's muscles. The molecular masses of the enzymes are (120 +/- 10) X 10(3). These proteins consist of two subunits (alpha 2-type) with (60 +/- 10) X X 10(3) molecular mass as determined by electrophoresis in SDS polyacrylamide gel. The values of Km for ATP are similar for all the studied enzymes (4.25 divided by 6.48) M X 10(-3) but Km for amino acids differ: (1.22 divided by 3.3) M X 10(-4) for normal and (13.8 divided by 18.9) X M-4 for enzymes from long-fasting rabbits. The molecular activity of the latter increases 2.5-3 fold. PMID- 6568409 TI - [Synthesis of leucine codons and their use in the study of tRNALeu codon correspondence]. AB - The leucine codon--UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, CUG--was prepared via the phosphotriester approach. The purity of codon was confirmed by reverse phase chromatography in micro scale. The absence of migration of internucleotidic linkages was confirmed by hydrolysis with pancreatic RNase. Synthetic codon were used to study the codon response of six isoacceptor tRNALeu from the cow mammary gland. PMID- 6568411 TI - A planned programme for student nurses during allocation to operating theatres. PMID- 6568410 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of bovine and equine factor D. AB - Bovine and equine factor D were purified to apparent homogeneity as evidenced by a single protein staining band on 7.5-17.5% SDS-PAGE slab gels under both reducing and non-reducing conditions. An apparent mol. wt of 15,000 for bovine D and 22,500 for equine D were noted after SDS-PAGE gel analysis of both reduced and non-reduced preparations. A single polypeptide chain for both proteins was evidenced by the lack of any change in the electrophoretic mobility under each of these conditions. The bovine and equine D were enriched 3347- and 9447-fold, with a 20 and 29% yield of hemolytic activity, respectively. Functionally, both equine and bovine D would reconstitute a human reagent deficient in D (RD), while human or equine D would substitute for bovine D when using a bovine RD. Neither bovine, equine or human D would, however, reconstitute an equine RD. PMID- 6568412 TI - All you need to know about objectives--but didn't like to ask! PMID- 6568413 TI - Post basic training for nurses working in operating departments. PMID- 6568414 TI - Let your students be your guide. PMID- 6568415 TI - Hazards to patients during surgery No. 2. Thromboembolism. PMID- 6568416 TI - Mastermind in Portugal. PMID- 6568418 TI - Business chic: power & presence on the executive trail. PMID- 6568417 TI - American Chiefs and British Indians: impressions of working in Saudi Arabia. PMID- 6568420 TI - Intuition: the new management tool. PMID- 6568419 TI - Interview: nurses now have an "in" at the White House. PMID- 6568421 TI - Nurses & medications influencing purchasing, policy, & practice. PMID- 6568422 TI - Nursing life style. PMID- 6568423 TI - Mastering the delicate art of the interview. PMID- 6568424 TI - A can't-miss guide to public speaking. PMID- 6568425 TI - College supports the ombudman's call for extension of powers. PMID- 6568426 TI - Only a drop in the ocean of need in the fight against drug abuse. PMID- 6568427 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Far from easy. PMID- 6568428 TI - Inherent dangers in being recognized. PMID- 6568429 TI - It's good news and a considerable achievement. PMID- 6568430 TI - New advisory committee report provides DHSS with chance to put real resources into promotion of health. Government urged to pay more than lip service to health education. PMID- 6568432 TI - Wound care. PMID- 6568431 TI - Is there a future for psychiatric nurses? PMID- 6568433 TI - Second edition of UKCC Code published. PMID- 6568434 TI - Getting to grips with the future of leadership within the profession. Interview by Steve Ellis. PMID- 6568436 TI - Do we get the education we deserve? PMID- 6568435 TI - Royal College of Nursing: read this report. PMID- 6568437 TI - Unique opportunity. PMID- 6568438 TI - An epidemiological approach to problems in the community. PMID- 6568439 TI - President tells AGM 'Now is time for careful strategy'. PMID- 6568440 TI - Surveillance and the role of school nurses. PMID- 6568441 TI - Royal College of Nursing: on course. PMID- 6568442 TI - An overview of the US situation. PMID- 6568443 TI - Little is known or understood about Association. PMID- 6568444 TI - Students in Sweden. PMID- 6568445 TI - Nurses receive reassurances on Griffiths. PMID- 6568446 TI - Staff side recommends radical changes for teachers. PMID- 6568447 TI - The Griffiths report--what it means for nurses. PMID- 6568448 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Made it plain. PMID- 6568449 TI - Difficult for those in specialty to keep pace with techniques. PMID- 6568450 TI - Higher productivity at a high price. PMID- 6568451 TI - A radical view of nursing uniforms. PMID- 6568453 TI - Symposium on the implications for nursing of the Mental Health (Scotland) Act 1984. PMID- 6568452 TI - When the lights go out. PMID- 6568454 TI - Charles Huggins. M.D. PMID- 6568455 TI - Arthur J. Benvenuto. PMID- 6568456 TI - Ann Willis, R.N. PMID- 6568457 TI - Questionnaire results. I.V. nurse salaries, job functions, and cost-containment concerns. PMID- 6568458 TI - NITA's industry nurse classification. PMID- 6568459 TI - More on certification. PMID- 6568460 TI - A cost-effective guide for the prevention of chemical phlebitis caused by the pH of the pharmaceutical agent. PMID- 6568461 TI - The use of multilumen catheters in acute leukemia patients. PMID- 6568462 TI - Transfusion therapy for nurses. Part 1. PMID- 6568463 TI - Utilization of a standard form for the administration of cis-platinum in a community hospital. PMID- 6568464 TI - Considerations for neonatal I.V. therapy. PMID- 6568465 TI - A cost-effective approach to PRN device maintenance. PMID- 6568466 TI - Developing a patient assessment and teaching program for right atrial catheters. PMID- 6568467 TI - NIN passes Congress: the struggle to open the gates for nursing research. PMID- 6568468 TI - The nurse as policymaker: toward a free and equal health care system. PMID- 6568469 TI - Positioning to confront a changing community: repatterning of nursing care delivery and education. PMID- 6568471 TI - The human/companion animal bond: how nurses can use this therapeutic resource. PMID- 6568470 TI - A nursing station at a world's fair. PMID- 6568472 TI - A tape-recording and transcribing system to maintain patients' clinical records. PMID- 6568473 TI - Job expectations of senior nursing students. PMID- 6568474 TI - Teaching interpersonal communications. PMID- 6568475 TI - Exploring nursing educators' experience with student plagiarism. PMID- 6568476 TI - Using the competency laboratory to learn psychomotor skills. PMID- 6568477 TI - Nurses as policymakers: curriculum implications. PMID- 6568478 TI - Clinical recordkeeping using a personal computer. part 1. Preparations. PMID- 6568480 TI - Nursing ethics: the central concept of nursing education. PMID- 6568479 TI - Values education: opportunities and imperatives. PMID- 6568481 TI - High-risk nursing students. Part 2. Establishing a student retention program. PMID- 6568482 TI - A teacher's guide for using games and simulations. PMID- 6568484 TI - Career planning and professional development: a unique course for nursing students. PMID- 6568485 TI - Teaching graduates to harness State Board test anxiety. PMID- 6568483 TI - Library orientation for graduate nursing students: faculty responsibilities. PMID- 6568487 TI - Preventing sexual harassment. PMID- 6568486 TI - Faculty practice: what does it mean to you? PMID- 6568488 TI - A second look at psychomotor skills. PMID- 6568489 TI - Acetazolamide--the diverse diuretic. PMID- 6568490 TI - Check the doctor's order sheet before giving the first dose of a medication. PMID- 6568492 TI - Take a step toward making better I.V. needle selections. PMID- 6568491 TI - With good assessment skills you can construct a solid framework for patient care. PMID- 6568493 TI - Postinfusion phlebitis: physiology, signs, and symptoms. PMID- 6568494 TI - Building Tommy's future meant taking a new look at his past. PMID- 6568495 TI - Self-medication program improves compliance. PMID- 6568496 TI - Arm yourself against thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 6568497 TI - Some sound advice for managing a hearing-impaired patient. PMID- 6568498 TI - Flowcharts to facilitate caring for ostomy patients. Part 4: Discharge outcome assessment. PMID- 6568500 TI - Test your knowledge of nursing assessment and intervention, Part 2. PMID- 6568499 TI - The special challenge of empyemas. PMID- 6568501 TI - Too close to home. PMID- 6568502 TI - Following orders--and other obligations: 8 legal questions. PMID- 6568503 TI - Sarah's motto was "Better late than never". PMID- 6568504 TI - Handling problems: you're great with patients. But how about your staff? PMID- 6568505 TI - Shock. Detecting it soon enough to save your patient: 7 fast refreshers. PMID- 6568506 TI - What nurses should do when a patient says "No! I don't want treatment"! PMID- 6568507 TI - Trends and controversies in head-trauma care. PMID- 6568508 TI - Placebos: how much do you know about them? PMID- 6568510 TI - Comparable worth cases--Part II. PMID- 6568509 TI - Court case: a question of patient safety. PMID- 6568511 TI - Retaining nurses: a climate for accomplishment. PMID- 6568513 TI - Incident investigation: a complete guide. PMID- 6568512 TI - Help line: a patient communication system. PMID- 6568514 TI - Introducing nursing process into the ICU. PMID- 6568515 TI - Antineoplastic drug administration: is your technique safe? PMID- 6568516 TI - Ethics: nurse, am I going to live? PMID- 6568517 TI - A risk/falls program: code orange for success. PMID- 6568519 TI - Staff RN: a discharge planner for every patient. PMID- 6568518 TI - Expanded roles for psychiatric patients. PMID- 6568520 TI - CBE for first-line managers. PMID- 6568521 TI - Leadership under the microscope. PMID- 6568523 TI - Accountability in nursing practice. PMID- 6568522 TI - Who or why or which or what? PMID- 6568524 TI - Module 15: "high touch" techniques for managing the environment. PMID- 6568525 TI - Fighting fit. PMID- 6568526 TI - OH nursing in the USA. PMID- 6568527 TI - The silent risk of rifle shooting. PMID- 6568528 TI - Employing diabetics. PMID- 6568529 TI - Nothing but the truth.... PMID- 6568530 TI - Management of change. PMID- 6568531 TI - Facts not feelings. PMID- 6568532 TI - Acupuncture and its role in occupational health. PMID- 6568533 TI - A psychological profile of industrially injured workers. PMID- 6568534 TI - Alternative delivery systems: update for the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6568535 TI - Office workers and video display terminals: physical, psychological and ergonomic factors. PMID- 6568537 TI - Building for tomorrow: Presidential Address. PMID- 6568536 TI - High blood pressure control program--educational sessions: Part I. PMID- 6568538 TI - Nurses and alcohol/drug impairments. PMID- 6568539 TI - Incontinence in the elderly. Part one. The rehabilitative approach. PMID- 6568540 TI - Beating disease in the bush. Interview by Phil Cohen. PMID- 6568541 TI - Sex and disability. Two. 'Immaculate infection'. PMID- 6568543 TI - Do nurses need agony aunts? PMID- 6568545 TI - Role-play. Two. Planning and preparing. PMID- 6568544 TI - Stroke--a new beginning? PMID- 6568542 TI - The 'ya-boo' effect. PMID- 6568546 TI - Manpower planning. Eight. Muddle in the Midlands. PMID- 6568547 TI - Is it time to close psychiatric hospitals? PMID- 6568549 TI - The CPN and the elderly. 2. The nurse practitioner's view. PMID- 6568548 TI - The CPN and the elderly. 1. A manager's view. PMID- 6568550 TI - Interim hospital orders and remands. PMID- 6568551 TI - Teachers under threat. PMID- 6568552 TI - The ODA goes professional. PMID- 6568553 TI - Under new management. PMID- 6568555 TI - High flier. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6568554 TI - Glove puncture during operation. PMID- 6568556 TI - A question of ethics. PMID- 6568557 TI - Park Lane opens its doors. PMID- 6568558 TI - Keeping aware of the problems. PMID- 6568559 TI - Building the bridge between hospital and independence. PMID- 6568560 TI - Cause for complaint. Three. Death of a baby. PMID- 6568562 TI - On the right track. PMID- 6568563 TI - Models and theories. Two. The Roy adaptation model. PMID- 6568561 TI - Problems of the ward manager. Eight. A chaotic saturday afternoon. PMID- 6568564 TI - Manpower planning. Nine. The misappliance of science. PMID- 6568566 TI - Provision of information. PMID- 6568565 TI - Disciplining learners--what's the point? PMID- 6568567 TI - The educational myth. PMID- 6568568 TI - A systematic approach to nursing care--an introduction. PMID- 6568569 TI - Hospital to home conference. Safe journey home. PMID- 6568571 TI - Caring for the carers. Nurses have needs, too. One. PMID- 6568570 TI - Miner's strike. Strikers under stress. PMID- 6568572 TI - Nurses have needs, too. Two. Take time to care for yourselves. PMID- 6568574 TI - District nursing officer. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6568573 TI - Nurses have needs, too. Three. Nursing stress. PMID- 6568576 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6568577 TI - The needs of the patient: a glimpse of reality. PMID- 6568575 TI - Nursing computers--the Swedish experience. PMID- 6568578 TI - Symbols of servility. PMID- 6568579 TI - How nurse managers deal with unions. Industrial relations audit. One. PMID- 6568580 TI - Community care in America. The elderly of San Francisco. PMID- 6568581 TI - The brighter side of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6568582 TI - Systems of life No 118. Setting up the systems - 18. The external genitalia. PMID- 6568583 TI - Theatre of war: exercise Lionheart. PMID- 6568584 TI - Recruitment dive: Rayner scrutiny. PMID- 6568585 TI - Code of conduct: cracking the new code. PMID- 6568586 TI - Community psychiatry in Bloomsbury. One. Bloomsbury's set of problems. PMID- 6568588 TI - Fit for the job? PMID- 6568587 TI - Community psychiatry in Bloomsbury. Two. Adjusting to old age. PMID- 6568589 TI - Towards self-development. PMID- 6568590 TI - 'Eyes right'. PMID- 6568591 TI - Correcting hypospadias. PMID- 6568592 TI - Residential care: getting their act together. PMID- 6568593 TI - Dietary sodium and cardiac oedema. PMID- 6568594 TI - Drug therapy: a new approach to training. PMID- 6568595 TI - Caught and not taught? PMID- 6568596 TI - Psychology in nursing. Two. The health belief model. PMID- 6568597 TI - Industrial relations audit. Three. Nursing a grievance. PMID- 6568598 TI - Incontinence in the elderly. Part two. Treating the impairment. PMID- 6568599 TI - State of emergency: Brighton bomb. PMID- 6568600 TI - How vital are statistics? PMID- 6568601 TI - Restricted practices: trade union law. PMID- 6568602 TI - Sister-to-sister: African support group. Interview by Catharine Watson. PMID- 6568603 TI - Caring for a terminally ill patient at home. PMID- 6568604 TI - Commons sense: crying wolf? PMID- 6568605 TI - Computer calculation of inotrope infusion rates. PMID- 6568606 TI - Cause for complaint. Four. A difficult patient? PMID- 6568607 TI - Financial Information Project. One. The cost of community care. PMID- 6568608 TI - Community psychiatry in Bloomsbury. Three. Turning point for the homeless. PMID- 6568610 TI - Psychology in nursing. Three. Your health in your hands. PMID- 6568611 TI - Spotlight on children. Pyloric stenosis. PMID- 6568609 TI - Community psychiatry in Bloomsbury. Four. Caught before a crisis. PMID- 6568612 TI - Spotlight on children. The future is in our hands. PMID- 6568613 TI - Spotlight on children. Please be patient! PMID- 6568615 TI - Charting new directions in education. Interview by Andrew Cole. PMID- 6568614 TI - Signs of the times: AHRCO. PMID- 6568616 TI - Opening up the closed shop: trade unions. PMID- 6568617 TI - The nurse's tale: regional nursing officer. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6568618 TI - Realistic rehabilitation. PMID- 6568619 TI - Problems of the ward manager. Nine. Who decides on staff training? PMID- 6568620 TI - Acting out. PMID- 6568621 TI - Regulating skills in intravenous therapy. PMID- 6568622 TI - Enrolling for management. PMID- 6568623 TI - Financial information project. Two. The cost of theatre care. PMID- 6568625 TI - Playing it safe: top ten toys 1985. PMID- 6568624 TI - Psychology in nursing. Four. A question of attitude. PMID- 6568626 TI - Playing it safe. Three. Making a sensible choice. PMID- 6568627 TI - Puppets--not professionals? PMID- 6568629 TI - An offer you can't refuse? Volunteers. PMID- 6568628 TI - Why are we waiting? PMID- 6568630 TI - Out in the cold? Staff morale. PMID- 6568631 TI - Struck off. One. Fit to practise? PMID- 6568632 TI - Struck off. Two. Investigating complaints. PMID- 6568633 TI - Struck off. Three. A case of misconduct. PMID- 6568634 TI - Struck off. Four. Professional privilege. PMID- 6568635 TI - Out of sight. PMID- 6568636 TI - Care of the patient with an arterial catheter. PMID- 6568638 TI - Holding on to the patient. PMID- 6568637 TI - Learning therapist skills. PMID- 6568639 TI - Trial of a new bladder washout system. PMID- 6568640 TI - The nursing officer at work. One. Nurse or manager? PMID- 6568641 TI - Nursing mission: nightmare in the desert. PMID- 6568642 TI - Financial information project. Three. Nursing time is money. PMID- 6568643 TI - Health visiting. Professional leadership. Interview by A. Morton-Cooper. PMID- 6568644 TI - Health visiting. Going it alone. PMID- 6568645 TI - Health visiting. The missing link. PMID- 6568646 TI - Health visiting. New partners for parents. PMID- 6568647 TI - Health visiting. A new approach. PMID- 6568648 TI - Health visiting. Beating heart disease. PMID- 6568649 TI - The grass is always greener on the other side. PMID- 6568651 TI - When opportunity knocks... PMID- 6568650 TI - Health education 2. Preventing patients. PMID- 6568652 TI - Hospital review 1. An inside view. PMID- 6568653 TI - To each according to his needs. PMID- 6568654 TI - Democracy rules. PMID- 6568655 TI - Cervical cancer. 3. Treatment techniques. PMID- 6568656 TI - Nursing Mirror mental handicap forum. Home away from homes. PMID- 6568658 TI - Abusing the elderly. PMID- 6568657 TI - Your right at home. PMID- 6568659 TI - Health education 3. No man an island. PMID- 6568660 TI - Education. Pattern for unification. PMID- 6568661 TI - Cervical cancer 4. The nurse's role. PMID- 6568662 TI - Practice: the same, only different. PMID- 6568663 TI - A future with Griffiths. PMID- 6568664 TI - Catheter concepts. PMID- 6568665 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Wound management. PMID- 6568666 TI - Wound management at the surgical site. PMID- 6568667 TI - Sore point in the NHS. PMID- 6568668 TI - Hallowe'en: celebration of sorcery. PMID- 6568669 TI - Learning for laggards. PMID- 6568670 TI - The hospice movement. PMID- 6568671 TI - Circle of care. PMID- 6568672 TI - Don't rock the boat! PMID- 6568673 TI - Health Education 4. The Lamp to light the way. PMID- 6568674 TI - At the scene of an RTA. PMID- 6568675 TI - Cervical cancer 5. Health education. PMID- 6568676 TI - Spinal fusion. PMID- 6568678 TI - Sheffield steels itself for a community move. PMID- 6568677 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. The birth revolution. PMID- 6568679 TI - Focus on children. 1. Clinical: paediatric pain. PMID- 6568680 TI - Focus on children. 1. Research: prepared for parting. PMID- 6568681 TI - Focus on children. 1. Practice: enforced separation. PMID- 6568682 TI - Focus on children. 1. Nursing care study: Dale's modest progress. PMID- 6568683 TI - Hospital report. 4. Small, beautiful and important. PMID- 6568684 TI - Manners maketh managers. PMID- 6568686 TI - Private investigator. PMID- 6568685 TI - Who carries the drugs can? PMID- 6568687 TI - Health education. 5. How to live to be 100. PMID- 6568688 TI - Nursing Mirror psychiatry forum. Keeping in touch. PMID- 6568689 TI - Breast cancer. 1. Clinical: medical treatment. PMID- 6568690 TI - Breast cancer. 1. Practice: psychological aspects. PMID- 6568691 TI - Breast cancer. 1. Patients' page: "Breast off'. PMID- 6568692 TI - Focus on children. 2. Nursing care study: a parent's perspective. PMID- 6568693 TI - Focus on children. 2. Education: parent teachers. PMID- 6568694 TI - Counselling services. PMID- 6568695 TI - Why nursing needs you. PMID- 6568696 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Incontinence. PMID- 6568697 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Incontinence: all under control. PMID- 6568698 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Incontinence: challenging specialty. PMID- 6568700 TI - Focus on children. 3. Clinical: when the bough breaks. PMID- 6568699 TI - Nursing Mirror clinical forum. Incontinence: only when I cough. PMID- 6568701 TI - Images of a health visitor. PMID- 6568702 TI - Focus on children. 3. Nursing care study: Pierre Robin syndrome. PMID- 6568703 TI - Mental health education. PMID- 6568704 TI - Breast cancer. 2. Practice: healing the image. PMID- 6568705 TI - Help to prevent burnout. PMID- 6568707 TI - What certification is all about. PMID- 6568706 TI - The light in the ward. PMID- 6568708 TI - Nursing care plans: sexuality and treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 6568709 TI - Implantable vascular access devices. PMID- 6568710 TI - Assessment of pain in cancer inpatients using the McGill Pain Questionnaire. PMID- 6568711 TI - Vitamin therapy for advanced cancers. PMID- 6568712 TI - Important nurse caring behaviors perceived by patients with cancer. PMID- 6568713 TI - The 7- to 10-year-old child's conceptualization of death. PMID- 6568715 TI - Developing patient education material. PMID- 6568714 TI - What nurses need to know about home care. PMID- 6568716 TI - Proposed core curriculum for certification examination. PMID- 6568718 TI - [Activities of nurses]. PMID- 6568719 TI - [Learn the role]. PMID- 6568717 TI - Selecting an instrument to measure cancer-related pain. PMID- 6568720 TI - [Child nutrition at the preschool age]. PMID- 6568721 TI - [The profession must be cherished. Interview by Ewa Matusewicz]. PMID- 6568722 TI - [Intensive cardiological supervision]. PMID- 6568723 TI - [Gynecological operations (complications)]. PMID- 6568724 TI - [Development of malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 6568725 TI - E.R. nurse intoxicated: license revoked. PMID- 6568726 TI - Nurse's 'jest' taken seriously: litigation results. Case in point: Meuser v. Rocky Mountain Hosp. (685 P. 2d 776 - CO). PMID- 6568728 TI - [The use of scientific methods in nursing research]. PMID- 6568727 TI - Patients' word v. nurse's word: documentation. Case in point: Sheppard v. Kimbrough (318 S.E. 2d - SC). PMID- 6568729 TI - [Operational costs of 2 methods of urine collection for bacterial culture in women in a university hospital]. PMID- 6568730 TI - [Prevention of decubitus ulcer: evaluation of a training program]. PMID- 6568731 TI - [Aspects of nursing care activities in a residential pediatric unit]. PMID- 6568732 TI - [Pregnancy in adolescence: care by the nurse]. PMID- 6568733 TI - [Health education to a group of obese subjects]. PMID- 6568734 TI - [Experience in the integration of teaching and practice in the field of social pediatric development in a peripheral community of Sao Paulo, including practice, education and research]. PMID- 6568735 TI - [An experience of graduating nursing students providing primary health care in a first-grade school]. PMID- 6568736 TI - [The influence of leisure on individuals of the third age]. PMID- 6568737 TI - A rehabilitation clinic for the client and family. PMID- 6568738 TI - Joint inflexibility: its relationship to psychological rigidity. PMID- 6568739 TI - The reorganization of a rehabilitation nursing unit. PMID- 6568740 TI - Psychosocial implications of a neurogenic bladder. PMID- 6568742 TI - Implementation of a motor impairment protocol. PMID- 6568741 TI - Community care of the patient with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6568743 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: how does it influence sexuality? PMID- 6568745 TI - Having difficulty meeting your rehabilitation goals? Consider pet therapy. PMID- 6568744 TI - Preparing an abstract of a nursing study. PMID- 6568746 TI - Sudden death and sport. PMID- 6568748 TI - Development of a cardiac rehabilitation programme for children. PMID- 6568747 TI - Exercise testing for cardiorespiratory fitness. AB - The best available assessment of aerobic capacity is measurement of the consumption of oxygen at maximal dynamic effort. When carefully administered, this measurement is remarkably reproducible. Major sources of error in obtaining this measurement include improper gas collection apparatus, inaccurate flow meters, and failure to correct for water pressure in the expired gas. Obtaining a truly maximal effort in an objective manner is also a major limitation. The protocol used in the measurement is of minor importance although treadmill testing usually gives higher values than stationary bicycling. The cost and inconvenience of direct methods of measurement have made indirect methods attractive; however, these methods give less accurate quantifications of aerobic capacity and are not as useful to the athlete interested in gauging his or her improvement following a chronic exercise programme. Extrapolating data obtained from the laboratory to performance in specific athletic endeavours is tenuous. Of course, elite marathon runners will have high maximal oxygen consumption. But one cannot accurately predict how individual athletes will perform in their events; these measurements do not account for the psychological component so important in athletic performance. Perhaps the best use of the measurement of maximal oxygen consumption in athletes is in assessing the success of training programmes in a longitudinal manner. PMID- 6568749 TI - Relationship between muscle strength and muscle cross-sectional area. Implications for training. PMID- 6568751 TI - [Administration of drugs via intradermal route]. PMID- 6568752 TI - [Organization of the kitchen (II)]. PMID- 6568753 TI - [The placement of a PVC catheter under intracavitary ECG control]. PMID- 6568750 TI - Reversibility of amenorrhoea in athletes. PMID- 6568754 TI - [Computerized tomography]. PMID- 6568755 TI - [Home hemodialysis: evaluation of control]. PMID- 6568756 TI - [Epilepsy]. PMID- 6568757 TI - [The nurse and methods of communication]. PMID- 6568759 TI - [Activities of supervisors and nurses in patient care units]. PMID- 6568758 TI - [The most frequent cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 6568760 TI - [Serological tests in pregnant women]. PMID- 6568761 TI - [Transportation of patients]. PMID- 6568762 TI - [Before the setting in motion of specialties in nursing]. PMID- 6568763 TI - Emergency care in a small hospital. PMID- 6568764 TI - The physicians asked and the RNs answered. PMID- 6568765 TI - Returning to school? Energy management could help. PMID- 6568766 TI - RNABC adopts position on entry to practice. PMID- 6568767 TI - Can you spare a smile? PMID- 6568769 TI - Legally speaking. PMID- 6568768 TI - Educational opportunities for nurses. PMID- 6568770 TI - Community centres deliver primary health care. PMID- 6568772 TI - [Psychosocial problems in persons with incontinence and nursing care]. PMID- 6568771 TI - Location and partial characterization of the heparin-binding fragment of platelet thrombospondin. AB - Purified platelet thrombospondin (TS) was subjected to proteolysis with a number of proteases including factors IXa, Xa, thrombin, elastase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. All enzymes yielded fragments of TS which bound to heparin Sepharose. Only chymotrypsin cleavage produced a single species of heparin binding fragment, as analyzed by SDS-PAGE. This fragment had a chain molecular weight of 28,000, and contained no interchain disulfide bonds. Amino acid sequence analysis of the heparin-binding fragment and of TS revealed a single sequence, indicating that the fragment constitutes the amino-terminal domain of TS and that the three chains in TS are identical in this region. PMID- 6568773 TI - [Placebo method for the treatment of enuresis nocturna]. PMID- 6568774 TI - [The Standing Commission Nursing, quo vadis...?]. PMID- 6568775 TI - [Beyond the crumbled person. An observation on the oneness of man]. PMID- 6568776 TI - [Measuring someone else's foot by your own last. On paranoia as a symptom]. PMID- 6568777 TI - [Experiences with communication hours in wards with cancer patients]. PMID- 6568779 TI - Wound drainage: past, present, future. PMID- 6568778 TI - [Problems before and after laryngectomy]. PMID- 6568780 TI - Wound infection: do the gowns and drapes play a role? PMID- 6568781 TI - Justifying RNs in the OR. PMID- 6568782 TI - Video in the OR: communicating the OR story. PMID- 6568783 TI - Astro-surgery--2000A.D. PMID- 6568784 TI - Pacemaker insertion: the perioperative role. PMID- 6568785 TI - [Occurrence of ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus in Denmark]. PMID- 6568786 TI - Sensitivity of campylobacter isolates to clavulanate-potentiated amoxycillin. PMID- 6568787 TI - Factor D of the alternative pathway of bovine complement: isolation and characterization. AB - Factor D of the bovine alternative complement pathway has been purified by chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50, Sephacryl S-200 and hydroxylapatite. The isolated factor D (0.25 mg from 1 litre of bovine serum) had an apparent molecular weight of 27,500 and a pI of 7.2. In whole bovine serum the pI of factor D was also 7.2. The isolated protein caused the Mg++-dependent cleavage of bovine factor B in the presence of cobra venom factor (CVF) to generate a haemolytically active C3-convertase as shown by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and haemolytic diffusion plate assays. Bovine factor D and human factor D were interchangeable in restoring the alternative pathway haemolytic activities of both bovine RD and human RD (factor D deficient sera). The haemolytic activity of bovine serum factor D was completely inhibited by 20 mM diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) but only 25% inhibited by 1 mM DFP. Serum heated at 56 degrees C for 10 min completely lost factor D activity but purified factor D was relatively more heat stable. PMID- 6568788 TI - [The blood kallikrein-kinin system of acute myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6568789 TI - "What now--our baby is dead". PMID- 6568790 TI - Nursing with a challenging focus. PMID- 6568791 TI - My experience with loss. PMID- 6568793 TI - Key court cases. Where are they now? PMID- 6568792 TI - Importance of calcium in the renal hemodynamic changes induced by vanadate. PMID- 6568794 TI - Arthritis at an early age. PMID- 6568795 TI - Dentofacial reconstruction. PMID- 6568796 TI - Companions in suffering. PMID- 6568797 TI - Nursing diagnosis. Looking at the whole. PMID- 6568798 TI - Faculty burnout. PMID- 6568799 TI - Which nursing information system? PMID- 6568800 TI - A friend in need. PMID- 6568801 TI - Reagan vetoes NIH, Nurse Training Bills. PMID- 6568802 TI - Summary of action taken on health legislation. PMID- 6568803 TI - Strong consensus needed to reach nursing's goals. PMID- 6568804 TI - Board adopts governance structure for credentialing. PMID- 6568805 TI - Ethical dilemmas in health care explored at forum. PMID- 6568806 TI - Lung changes resulting from intraperitoneal injections of porcine pancreatic elastase in suckling rats. AB - We administered 1 mg of purified porcine elastase per 100 g body weight intraperitoneally twice weekly to male rats during the first 4 wk of life. This altered the structure of the lungs so that the proportion of alveolar duct air (the "core" of air internal to the mouths of alveoli in alveolar ducts) increased and the proportion of alveolar air decreased. The alveolar surface-to-volume ratio was decreased, and the lungs had too few alveoli. The lungs were also hyperexpandable, containing more air and saline per gram of lung tissue. No biochemical alterations were noted in elastin or collagen content in elastase treated animals. In a separate experiment, we showed that elastaselike activity appears in the blood 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of elastase and, although low, was still significantly raised 24 h after injection. We feel that elastase has interfered with lung growth and alveolar development by altering mainly the elastin in the collagen-elastin network. Intraperitoneal elastase injection at the time of active elastin synthesis and alveolar multiplication may be a suitable model to test the hypothesis that lungs injured in infancy may be more susceptible to damage in later life. PMID- 6568807 TI - Inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase in extracts of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Alveolar architecture is spared during most pneumococcal pneumonias, despite the presence in pneumonic exudate of many neutrophils containing a potent elastase. We explored the possibility that pneumococci might contain an inhibitor of this enzyme. We found that pneumococcal extracts prepared by sonication or by lysis with sodium deoxycholate contained 2 different inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase. Both inhibitors were specific for neutrophil elastase and did not affect pancreatic elastase or trypsin. Inhibitor I was partly purified by affinity chromatography and preparative acrylamide gel electrophoresis and shown to be a negatively charged, low molecular weight substance that inhibited competitively (Lineweaver-Burk analysis). Inhibition depended on ionic interaction with the cationic enzyme and could be blocked by 0.15 M NaCl. For this reason, the first agent seemed unlikely to play an important role in modulating neutrophil elastase activity in inflammatory exudates and was not studied further. The second agent (Inhibitor II) eluted in the high molecular weight fraction during Sephacryl S-300 chromatography. Gradient SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of partly purified Inhibitor II revealed an apparent molecular weight of 140,000 daltons. This agent inhibited noncompetitively and remained active in the presence of 0.15 M NaCl. Prolonged incubation with TPCK-trypsin resulted in cleavage of Inhibitor II into smaller fragments, which could be further dissociated by reduction with dithiothreitol. Inactivation of neutrophil elastase with N-acetyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-valyl chloromethyl ketone prevented complex formation between this enzyme and Inhibitor II, suggesting that an unblocked binding pocket in neutrophil elastase is required for its complexation to the noncompetitive pneumococcal inhibitor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6568808 TI - Improving patient compliance in pediatric outpatient surgery. PMID- 6568809 TI - Accreditation and approval processes: a professional approach to continuing education. PMID- 6568810 TI - Legal aspects of perioperative care extend to ambulatory surgery settings. PMID- 6568811 TI - The orthopedic patient. Identifying neurovascular injury. PMID- 6568812 TI - Peripheral vascular surgery. Postoperative assessment. PMID- 6568813 TI - The craniotomy patient. Identifying the patient's neurological status. AB - There are many indications for a craniotomy, and there are several possible complications. Despite this, the assessment of the craniotomy patient includes parameters common to many surgical patients and most neurological patients. PMID- 6568814 TI - Gastrointestinal assessment. Identifying significant problems. PMID- 6568815 TI - The thoracic patient. Physical assessment of the chest. AB - When evaluating the closed waterseal drainage system, the nurse should check water-seal for fluctuation, fluid level of 2 cm; presence of air leak volume, character, and rate of drainage development tubing for clots, kinks, and obstructions to drainage (dependent loops) suction control chamber for desired level of water column; continuous bubbling during entire respiratory cycle. PMID- 6568816 TI - The cardiac surgical patient. Guidelines for assessment. AB - The nurses' assessments form the basis for clinical decision making. Table 2 is an example of how decisions can be made using assessment data. The emphasis is on the decision-making process rather than on specific therapeutic methods. PMID- 6568817 TI - The head and neck patient. A team approach to rehabilitation. PMID- 6568818 TI - Learning to practice ethically synonymous with being a professional. PMID- 6568819 TI - Communicating with surgeons, once you learn the language, is possible most of the time. PMID- 6568820 TI - Good news and bad news in the marketing age. PMID- 6568821 TI - The influence of isotonic saline administration on the urinary excretion of kallikrein in rats. AB - Acute saline loading is known to increase kallikrein excretion. To clarify whether this is a specific stimulatory effect or rather a non-specific wash-out, pentobarbital anesthetized rats were loaded thrice (5 min infusions) at 40 min intervals with a volume of 150 mM NaCl equal to 5% of their body wt. The effect of such a load on the central venous pressure was studied in a separate group of rats. Control animals did not receive the infusions. Kallikrein excretion (amidolytic assay) increased with the first, but decreased with the subsequent saline administrations. The rise observed after the first load lost significance when kallikrein excretion was related to that of creatinine. The reduction observed after the second and third infusions remained significant even when expressed per mg of creatinine. Thus, saline load induced kallikrein "stimulation" is due to a non-specific wash-out. Similar transient enhancements of central venous pressure were observed after each of the three loads. This, together with the unchanged creatinine excretion (except for the rise seen after the first load) indicate that the lack of kallikrein stimulation after the second and third loads was not due to the appearance of heart failure. Saline loaded rats had a renal kallikrein activity at the end of the experiment which did not differ from that of controls. Plasma aldosterone concentration was reduced in saline infused rats, and it correlated with the kallikrein excretion when both, NaCl loaded and control rats, were taken into account. PMID- 6568823 TI - Reconsidering the "market model" in obstetrics. Part I. PMID- 6568822 TI - Evidence by in vivo and in vitro studies that binding of pycnogenols to elastin affects its rate of degradation by elastases. AB - Procyanidol oligomers and (+) catechin bound to insoluble elastin markedly affect its rate of degradation by elastases. Insoluble elastin pretreated with procyanidol oligomers (PCO) was resistant to the hydrolysis induced by both porcine pancreatic and human leukocyte elastases. The quantitative adsorption of pancreatic elastase was similar on either untreated or PCO-treated elastin suggesting that the binding of this compound to elastin increases the non productive catalytic sites of elastase molecules. (+) Catechin-insoluble elastin complexes were partially resistant to the degradation induced by human leukocyte elastase but were hydrolysed at the same rate as untreated samples by a constant amount of pancreatic elastase. In addition, the coacervation profile of kappa elastin peptides as a function of temperature is greatly modified in presence of these flavonoids. We conclusively evidenced that PCOs bind to skin elastic fibres when injected intradermally into young rabbits. As a result, these elastic fibres were found more resistant to the hydrolytic action of porcine pancreatic elastase when injected to the same site. These in vivo studies further emphasized the potential effect of these compounds in preventing elastin degradation by elastase(s) as occurred in inflammatory processes. PMID- 6568824 TI - Effective smoking intervention during pregnancy. PMID- 6568825 TI - Smoking and pregnancy--a new look. PMID- 6568826 TI - Postpartum depression: a review. PMID- 6568827 TI - Research on psychosocial factors and postpartum depression: a critique. PMID- 6568828 TI - 1984 hospital survey of circumcision rates in the United States. PMID- 6568829 TI - The whys, whats and hows of holistic health. PMID- 6568830 TI - Alternative healing in the classroom. PMID- 6568831 TI - Ethical decision-making: the principal of autonomy. PMID- 6568833 TI - Balancing the mind and body. PMID- 6568832 TI - Position statement: specialization in nursing practice. PMID- 6568834 TI - Changing practice through therapeutic touch. PMID- 6568835 TI - Homeopathy. PMID- 6568836 TI - East meets West. PMID- 6568837 TI - Shaping tomorrow's health care. Clinical sessions earn top ratings. PMID- 6568838 TI - Airborne ambulances. PMID- 6568839 TI - But does it make beds? PMID- 6568840 TI - Computers ease staff nurses' load. PMID- 6568841 TI - Rehabilitation--the care controversy. PMID- 6568843 TI - Adoption of innovations. Nursing and computer use. PMID- 6568842 TI - Whistleblowing. PMID- 6568844 TI - Coping strategies of the violent family: the case of incest. PMID- 6568845 TI - Parents of drug & alcohol abusing young persons. PMID- 6568846 TI - Peer counselling--teens talking to teens. PMID- 6568847 TI - Early detection of the suicidal adolescent. PMID- 6568848 TI - Working with adolescents in sexuality groups. PMID- 6568849 TI - Nurse heal thyself: your work could be killing you. PMID- 6568851 TI - Lactose intolerance. PMID- 6568850 TI - Pediatric IVs: a special challenge. PMID- 6568852 TI - Community health nursing and children's day care. PMID- 6568853 TI - Family-centered care for the child with diabetes. PMID- 6568854 TI - Exploring health promotion for adolescents. PMID- 6568855 TI - Nurses in a day hospital evaluate their care. PMID- 6568856 TI - Demystifying arterial blood gases. PMID- 6568857 TI - The Nursing Profession Act: an achievement for Alberta nurses. PMID- 6568858 TI - Reflections on the Nursing Profession Act. PMID- 6568860 TI - Holistic health--a uniting force for nurses. PMID- 6568859 TI - The separation of conjoined twins--an OR nursing perspectives. PMID- 6568861 TI - Parkinson's disease--helping the patient with a movement disorder. PMID- 6568862 TI - Acupressure: a self-help technique for relieving headache pain. PMID- 6568863 TI - Transcultural nursing: an essential knowledge and practice field for today. PMID- 6568864 TI - Preparing a field hospital for a "mass" gathering. PMID- 6568865 TI - Impact of hereditary melanoma on families. PMID- 6568866 TI - Isolated regional limb hyperthermic perfusion as treatment for melanoma. PMID- 6568867 TI - Cancer in the elderly: early detection. PMID- 6568868 TI - Cancer recurrence: personal meaning, communication, and marital adjustment. PMID- 6568869 TI - Alopecia: effect on cancer patients' body image. PMID- 6568870 TI - Hospital corporate liability for bad faith failure to settle. PMID- 6568871 TI - Inhibition of tumor growth in mice treated with synthetic muramyl dipeptide. AB - Treatment with synthetic MDP inhibited growth of transplantable, chemically induced tumors in syngeneic mice. The tumor-inhibitory effect was dependent on the schedule of MDP administration. Growth of SC transplants of a nonmetastasizing, MC-induced fibrosarcoma, MC11, was inhibited by local treatment with 200 micrograms and 1,000 micrograms MDP given SC 5-7 weeks before challenge. Treatment with lower (10 micrograms and 100 micrograms) doses of MDP and shorter (1-4 weeks) time intervals was not effective. Single doses of MDP (10-1,000 micrograms) 1-3 weeks after challenge had no effect. Growth of IV-inoculated, metastasizing AAT-induced hepatoma A was inhibited by IV injections of 20 micrograms MDP given 1 and 2 days prior to the challenge. Significant increases in the survival of hepatoma-bearing mice were observed only after injections of MDP incorporated in multilamellar liposomes. PMID- 6568872 TI - Selective macrophage activation by muramyldipeptide bound to monoclonal antibodies specific for mouse tumor cells. AB - IgM monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor cells which do not mediate antibody-dependent macrophage cytotoxicity (ADMC) even when they are cytotoxic in the presence of complement, have been shown to render macrophages tumoricidal when they carry an immunomodulating agent, i.e., muramyldipeptide (MDP). This statement is based on experiments using two IgM monoclonal antibodies selected for their ability to bind L1210 leukemia cells (F2-10-23-IgM) and 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma cells (6B6-IgM) specifically, as shown by flow cytofluorometry analysis. The MDP-IgM conjugates, containing 45 MDP molecules per IgM molecule, were prepared by allowing MDP-hydroxy-succinimide ester to react with IgM monoclonal antibodies. The MDP-IgM conjugates are shown to bind to relevant tumor cells and to induce the activation of thioglycolate-elicited peritoneal mouse macrophages leading to 80% growth inhibition of target cells at optimum concentrations of bound MDP. These concentrations of bound MDP were 10 times lower than the concentration of free MDP, giving a maximum activation that is limited to 20% growth inhibition. No macrophage activation was evidenced when tumor cells were incubated in the presence of irrelevant MDP-IgM conjugates and macrophages or when macrophages were preincubated in the presence of MDP-IgM conjugates and then incubated in the presence of relevant or irrelevant tumor cells but in the absence of the MDP-IgM conjugates. The reported results are discussed with reference to the mechanism of activation of macrophage by muramyldipeptide and to the usefulness of such MDP-IgM conjugates as potential antitumor agents in cancer therapy. PMID- 6568873 TI - Activation by a new synthetic acyltripeptide and its analogs entrapped in liposomes of rat alveolar macrophages to the tumor cytotoxic state. AB - FK-565 (heptanoyl-gamma-D-Glu-(L-meso-a, epsilon-A2pm (L)-D-AlaOH) is a synthetic acyltripeptide closely resembling cell wall peptidoglycan peptides of Streptomyces in structure. Alveolar macrophages (AM) lavaged from lungs of F344 rats were activated by in vitro treatment with FK-565 and its derivatives at concentrations of 1-50 micrograms/ml medium, and the activated AM killed syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma cells. When FK-565 and related compounds were encapsulated in multilamellar (MLV) liposomes composed of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine, dose-response experiments showed that they were about 800 times more effective than the free compounds in activating AM. Liposome encapsulated FK-565 and its analogs caused significant activation of AM within 4 h. These data indicated that acyltripeptide and its analogs encapsulated in liposomes are more efficient than the free compounds in rendering AM tumoricidal. PMID- 6568874 TI - Purified mouse mammary tumor and lymphoid cells in immune assays. AB - Tumor and lymphoid cell components from primary mammary adenocarcinomas of C3H/He mice were isolated simultaneously by velocity gradients. Viable tumor cells were obtained in sufficient numbers to test their in vivo and in vitro growth. Isolated tumor cells grew in 97% of inoculated syngeneic animals. In six assays with different tumors the effects of tumor-associated lymphoid cells (TAL) on in vivo tumor growth varied, enhancing in three and delaying in two experiments. Isolated tumor cells from animals with enhancing TAL grew faster in nonirradiated mice, whereas tumor cells from animals with inhibitory TAL grew better in irradiated animals. Isolated tumor cells also proliferated in cell culture, where they averaged 35% primary plating efficiency. Separated tumor cells were used in short-term 51Cr-release assays with TAL, tumor-bearer lymph node and spleen effectors. Cytotoxicity was detected in only five of 25 assays. In no case was there killing by lymphocyte populations from normal animals. In the present report we describe a technique for the isolation of viable tumor and lymphoid cells from murine adenocarcinomas that allows study of interactions between these populations from the original tumor-bearing host. PMID- 6568875 TI - Effects of isolated tumor lymphocytes alone and with adherent cells. AB - The effect on the growth of gradient-isolated mouse mammary tumor cells of different populations of lymphoid cells were evaluated in microcytotoxicity assays. Variable effects were obtained with tumor-bearer lymph node and spleen cells: in some experiments growth stimulation occurred, whereas in others inhibition was observed. Mixed effector populations gave more regular results: adherent spleen cells added to lymph node or spleen lymphocytes inhibited tumor cell growth in six of nine experiments; inhibition occurred when either of the effector populations in the mixture was derived from the tumor-bearing mouse. Tumor-associated lymphoid cells (TAL) stimulated growth of the tumor cells in five of seven experiments. However, TAL inhibited tumor growth when combined with adherent spleen cells from tumor-bearing animals. In contrast with the peripheral lymphoid cells, admixture of control adherent cells from normal animals with TAL did not inhibit growth. No natural killer effect was seen in these growth inhibition assays. These data indicate that lymphoid populations capable of inhibiting tumor cell growth can be found in tumor-bearing animals, but such combination of active cells are not present in the tumor site. PMID- 6568877 TI - Clinical utility of daily patient weights in the coronary care unit. PMID- 6568876 TI - Different metastatic modes of malignant melanoma implanted in the ear of young and old mice. AB - An attempt has been made to determine (a) whether aging plays an important role in resistance against metastasis and (b) whether dithiothreitol, an effective in vitro mitogenic potentiator of splenic cells of young and old mice, can modulate the occurrence of pulmonary metastasis. B16-F10 melanoma cells were injected into the outer ear of young and old female C57BL/6 mice; and the growth of the primary tumor, the palpable size of the cervical lymph node, and the number of lung metastases were then determined at various intervals. The ear was amputated when the primary tumor reached 4 mm in mean diameter. The following results were obtained. (a) The growth rate of the primary tumor in young mice is comparable to that in old mice. (b) Enlargement of the cervical lymph node occurs earlier in old than in young mice. (c) Old mice are more vulnerable to pulmonary metastases, but small metastasized pulmonary colonies are more prominent in old than in young mice. (d) Dithiothreitol (100 micrograms) injected every 2 days after the inoculation of tumor cells is effective in reducing the incidence of pulmonary metastases in old mice. PMID- 6568879 TI - The RNA lariat: a new ring to the splicing of mRNA precursors. PMID- 6568878 TI - Effects of progestins and antiprogestins on mitochondria in uterine glandular cells in the rat. A quantitative investigation. AB - The administration of progesterone to ovariectomized rats induces an increase in the volume density (Vv) of the mitochondria and the appearance of giant mitochondria in the uterine glandular cells. This experimental model, including a stereological analysis, allowed us to investigate and quantify a direct effect of progesterone on a well-defined cellular structure without the intervention of estrogen in a priming phase. Synthetic compounds, promegestone, gestrinone and RU 38486, were tested in this model either in place of progesterone or simultaneously with progesterone. The potent progestomimetic activity of promegestone was confirmed by the proliferation of giant mitochondria and a high Vv value for the mitochondria, the two other compounds being inactive even at higher doses. At lower doses, gestrinone and RU 38486 partially inhibit the action of progesterone and at higher doses they both show a complete antagonist effect by preventing the development of the mitochondria. PMID- 6568880 TI - [Experience in rescuing a patient suffering bitter cold and hunger for 19 days]. PMID- 6568882 TI - [Nursing for patients with respiratory failure after serious trauma]. PMID- 6568881 TI - [Patients with compartment syndrome: clinical observation and care]. PMID- 6568883 TI - [Nursing for a child with a huge umbilical hernia]. PMID- 6568884 TI - [Care of patients with complete auriculo-ventricular block following open heart surgery]. PMID- 6568886 TI - [Nursing for patients with multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6568885 TI - [Nursing for patients with serious hepatitis and hepatic coma]. PMID- 6568887 TI - [An introduction to endomyocardial biopsy]. PMID- 6568888 TI - [Medical care for children with congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 6568889 TI - [Psychological problems of inpatients]. PMID- 6568890 TI - [Care for patients undergoing laryngopharyngectomy and gastro-pharyngostomy]. PMID- 6568891 TI - [Atropine in patients with eye diseases]. PMID- 6568892 TI - [Method of withdrawing medication into the syringe]. PMID- 6568893 TI - [Management of extravasation injury after intravenous injection]. PMID- 6568894 TI - [Study on the time of taking body temperature]. PMID- 6568895 TI - [Nursing on night duty]. PMID- 6568896 TI - [Genetics and genetic diseases (III)]. PMID- 6568897 TI - [Germicidal effects of ultraviolet rays]. PMID- 6568898 TI - [Experience in saving 8 patients with ventricular tachycardia]. PMID- 6568899 TI - [Nursing for patients with schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6568901 TI - [Care of patients with Behcet's syndrome-caused serious ulcer of the legs]. PMID- 6568900 TI - [Dietary therapy for diabetics]. PMID- 6568902 TI - [Pre- and postoperative nursing care for patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6568904 TI - [Experience in care of burn patients undergoing tracheotomy]. PMID- 6568903 TI - [Functional exercises of the upper limbs after radical mastectomy]. PMID- 6568905 TI - [Experience in cooperative surgical treatment of aortic aneurysms]. PMID- 6568907 TI - [Use of high osmotic saline enema in pediatric surgery]. PMID- 6568906 TI - [Nursing for children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6568908 TI - [Nursing for newborns with nasogastric tube]. PMID- 6568909 TI - [Nursing for cancer patients receiving hematoporphyrin-laser therapy]. PMID- 6568910 TI - [Nursing for a patient with embolism of the cavernous sinus]. PMID- 6568911 TI - [How to observe symptoms]. PMID- 6568913 TI - [Devoting my lifetime to nursing work]. PMID- 6568912 TI - [Some problems in catheterization and their management]. PMID- 6568914 TI - [My experience after being a responsible nurse]. PMID- 6568915 TI - [Genetics and genetic diseases (IV)]. PMID- 6568917 TI - [Computers in nursing]. PMID- 6568916 TI - [An introduction to computers]. PMID- 6568918 TI - Oculopharyngeal dystrophy: clinicopathological study of an Australian family. AB - A family is presented in which 12 members over 3 generations have been affected by oculopharyngeal dystrophy. The clinical features of 7 affected members are described. All developed ptosis in middle age and dysphagia later in the clinical course. Four had mild bilateral facial weakness and mild proximal weakness. Extra ocular movements were normal in all. A deltoid muscle biopsy from a 71-year-old affected male showed nonspecific myopathic features (random variation in muscle fibre size and atrophy of type 2A and 2B fibres). The skeletal muscles and striated musculature of the pharynx and upper oesophagus of a 75-year-old affected female examined at postmortem showed histological myopathic changes (loss of muscle fibres, variation in size of fibres with scattered small angular and rounded 'giant' muscle fibres, proliferation and central migration of sarcolemmal nuclei, increase in fat and fibrous tissue and occasional fibres undergoing segmental degeneration). This appearance was consistent with a muscular dystrophy of chronic type. Detailed neuropathological examination of the brain stem nuclei was normal. The spinal cord showed an unusual hydromyelia affecting C7 to T4 segments. PMID- 6568920 TI - A case of Lhermitte-Duclos disease. AB - A 34-year-old patient has an 18-year history of cerebellar disturbance. She has histology typical of Lhermitte-Duclos disease. Her father and son have large heads, and it is possible that they may be asymptomatic cases of the disease, as first described by Ambler et al. (1969). PMID- 6568919 TI - Hemimasticatory and hemifacial spasm: a common pathophysiology? AB - The case is described of a 60-year-old woman with a 4-year history of left hemimasticatory spasm. Detailed electrophysiological studies are compared with those from 6 patients with typical idiopathic hemifacial spasm. On the basis of comparable patterns of EMG activity in the 2 conditions, it is concluded that they may have both a common pathophysiology and a peripheral site of involvement. PMID- 6568921 TI - Parenchymal brain lesions in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. AB - The gross and histological features of 189 parenchymal brain lesions in 57 spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone rats are described. There were 127 lesions many of them cystic, showing evidence of old haemorrhage. Of these, 71 also showed recent haemorrhage and there were 26 lesions showing recent haemorrhage only. There were 21 small focal lesions with necrosis and scarring but without any old or recent haemorrhage and 15 other lesions showing focal oedema with microcysts. Undoubted histological evidence of recent ischaemic necrosis was not seen. In this animal model which spontaneously develops severe hypertension, the brain lesions are predominantly the result of leakage of blood components from small vessels. PMID- 6568922 TI - Embolisation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. AB - Seven patients with inoperable cerebral arteriovenous malformations have been treated with embolisation using Silastic spheres and plugs. Indications for using this technique were intractable migraine, episodes of cerebral ischaemia ('steal' syndromes), intracranial haemorrhage, and partial or generalised epilepsy. All 7 patients had been treated medically for between 5 and 25 years with unsatisfactory control of symptoms. Four of the 7 patients obtained some improvement which appeared related to the reduction in flow through the malformation. Although there are risks associated with embolisation, it would seem to be a worthwhile procedure in selected cases. PMID- 6568923 TI - Experimental demyelinating optic neuropathy: a model for combined morphological and electrophysiological studies. AB - A model is described for the morphological and electrophysiological study of demyelinative optic neuropathy in the rat. Cortical visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to flash stimuli were recorded before and after the intraneural microinjection of lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC) and galacto-cerebroside (Gal-C) antiserum. Progress was monitored by calculating the interocular latency differences (ILD) for the N40 and P60 components of the rat VEP, thus allowing a longitudinal evaluation of optic nerve function. Histological examination of the visual pathway using light and electron microscopy was performed at intervals through the course of the study. LPC produced a less selective lesion than did Gal-C antiserum. In lesions induced by the latter there was relatively little accompanying anoxal degeneration and subsequent remyelination was prominent. Control serum did not result in demyelination. This model should permit accurate electrophysiological and morphological correlations to be made during the developing and the reparative phases of demyelinative optic neuropathy and the assessment of potential therapeutic manoeuvres. PMID- 6568924 TI - Senile dementia and hydrocephalus due to carotid dolichoectasia. AB - A 65-year-old hypertensive man presented with progressive dementia, and bilateral lower limb weakness. Computerised tomography revealed carotid arterial dolichoectasia and hydrocephalus. This uncommon entity may constitute another form of surgically treatable dementia in the elderly. PMID- 6568925 TI - Carotid plaques and retinal emboli: a clinical, angiographic and morphological study. AB - The angiographic criteria for the significance of a carotid lesion and the contribution of embolic versus haemodynamic factors in stroke pathogenesis are currently unresolved. This study evaluated correlations between the clinical features, presence of retinal emboli, angiographic appearance of the carotid bifurcation and morphology of the surgically excised plaque in 32 consecutive patients with symptomatic carotid lesions. Retinal emboli were found in 22% of patients, including some without a history of amaurosis fugax. The carotid plaques were complicated by ulceration, intraplaque haemorrhage and/or intraluminal debris in 91% of cases. The degree of carotid stenosis seen at operation correlated well with the angiographic estimate. Plaque complications could not be accurately predicted angiographically, however. The high frequency of plaque complications, and the presence of retinal emboli, suggested that embolisation was the likely pathogenetic mechanism of stroke in most of these patients. PMID- 6568926 TI - Demographics of an epileptic population. AB - The demographic data of 100 people with epilepsy were compared with established information concerning the community in which they lived. No real difference was identified. PMID- 6568927 TI - Comparison of diagnostic tests in myasthenia gravis. AB - Results of 3 tests, intravenous edrophonium chloride, EMG, and acetylcholine receptor antibody testing, were compared in patients with generalised and ocular myasthenia gravis. None of the 3 tests was positive in any patient with a diagnosis other than myasthenia. However, equivocal results were obtained with edrophonium and EMG testing in some patients with myasthenia gravis and in patients with other diseases. It is concluded from this survey that antibody and edrophonium testing were equally efficient in detecting generalised myasthenia gravis. Edrophonium testing was superior in ocular myasthenia gravis. Although the yields from each test varied, all 3 tests were needed for the evaluation of some myasthenia gravis patients as each test may provide additional information. PMID- 6568928 TI - Hormonal influence on water permeability across the blood-brain barrier. AB - We have shown that steroid manipulations may influence the rate of flux of water across the blood-brain barrier. Such changes are regionally variable and are best seen in the cerebral cortex. Administration of dexamethasone produced decreased water permeability while withdrawal of dexamethasone and ethinyloestradiol resulted in increased permeability. Increased water content in cerebral cortex was demonstrated after steroid withdrawal and ethinyloestradiol administration. We believe that these experimental findings may have relevance in the clinical situation and may help in understanding the pathogenesis of some types of brain oedema. One such example is benign intracranial hypertension where brain swelling is seen typically in young obese females and is also associated with the contraceptive pill, pregnancy and corticosteroid withdrawal. PMID- 6568929 TI - Myelopathy associated with decompression sickness: a report of six cases. AB - Four scuba divers and 2 professional deep sea divers developed spinal cord symptoms due to decompression sickness. Symptoms developed during or immediately after ascent in 4 cases and were delayed in 2. In 2 cases new symptoms appeared during a jet flight. In 4 cases paraparesis was associated with a sensory level in the mid or low dorsal region indicating the thoracic cord as the major site of involvement. In the other 2 cases the clinical findings were suggestive of combined lesions in the lower cervical and lumbar cord. Therapeutic recompression led to improvement in each case. Three cases who were re-examined after intervals of 3 to 7 years each showed residual corticospinal and minor sensory signs. One of these cases met with a violent death 3.5 years after the acute episode; examination of the cord showed multifocal white matter degeneration in the posterior and lateral columns between C7 and T4 with secondary ascending and descending tract degeneration. The mechanism of spinal cord damage in decompression sickness is discussed. PMID- 6568930 TI - Concentric sclerosis. PMID- 6568931 TI - Amoebic meningitis also occurs in NSW. AB - The clinical, pathological and laboratory findings of a 3-year-old boy with proven primary amoebic meningo-encephalitis are described. The EEG showed changes of acute cortical necrosis lateralised to one temporal lobe and was similar to that described with Herpes simplex encephalitis. CT scan findings indicated acute cortical inflammation and basal arachnoiditis. The disease should be suspected in the context of acute pyogenic meningitis when no organisms are isolated. Treatment with amphotericin-B, miconazole and rifampicin has been effective in previously reported patients. PMID- 6568932 TI - Hypopituitarism with arachnoid cyst. AB - Arachnoid cysts, most characteristically situated in the middle cranial fossa, have been described at other situations, in the posterior fossa and in the interpeduncular region. A case of primary amenorrhoea, obesity, with short stature, proved to be associated with a huge arachnoid cyst involving the L. middle and anterior cranial fossae; and pituitary fossa, producing panhypopituitarism with right faciobrachial paresis, normal visual fields and visual acuity. No evidence of progress of the lesion has been found after 3 years of observation, and further conservative management with regular CT scanning and oestrogen replacements is proposed. PMID- 6568933 TI - Diffuse infiltrating astrocytoma (gliomatosis cerebri) with twenty-two-year history. AB - The case is described of a man, aged 46 at his time of death, who suffered from focal motor, adversive and generalised seizures for 22 years. He developed a progressive dementia over the last 2 years of his life. Investigation, including angiography and air encephalography early in the course of the illness and repeated CT head scans later, failed to demonstrate any neoplasm. Death occurred abruptly, due to cerebellar tonsillar herniation. At postmortem an extensive diffuse low grade fibrillary astrocytoma infiltrated both cerebral hemispheres, the corpus callosum, central grey matter, midbrain and pons. Thus, there was gliomatosis cerebri. Attention is drawn to the exceptional length of the history in this case, the difficulties which may arise in displaying diffusely infiltrating low grade astrocytomas radiologically and to the rare occurrence of gliomatosis cerebri. PMID- 6568934 TI - Symptomatic hydrocephalus due to an elongated and ectatic basilar artery. AB - A patient with symptomatic hydrocephalus, due to an elongated and ectatic basilar artery and involving the third ventricle, is described. Characteristic CT scan features are outlined and were sufficient to confirm the diagnosis without resort to pneumoencephalography or angiography. The intraventricular CSF pressure was normal and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt resulted in significant sustained improvement of her balance and higher mental functions, coincident with CT scan evidence of return of ventricular size to normal. Other neurological presentations of an elongated and ectatic basilar artery include single or multiple cranial nerve involvement, a cerebellopontine-angle syndrome or chiasmal compression with visual failure. PMID- 6568935 TI - Dexamethasone: pharmacokinetics in neurological patients. AB - A high performance liquid chromatographic assay has been used to measure the time courses of plasma dexamethasone concentrations in patients with various neurological disorders being treated with this steroid. The pharmacokinetics of the drug in these circumstances differed from the kinetics in healthy volunteers. In particular whole body clearances were higher, causing a substantially impaired mean oral bioavailability of the drug with considerable interindividual variation in bioavailability. The clearance of dexamethasone was increased by concurrent phenytoin therapy, and dexamethasone and phenytoin are often given together in neurosurgical practice. The previously unrecognized bioavailability limitation of oral dexamethasone may explain individual instances of apparent steroid-resistant neurological disease, and suggests the desirability of monitoring plasma dexamethasone levels when using the steroid therapeutically. Some preliminary evidence has been obtained suggesting that it may be possible to avoid adrenal suppression from long-term high-dosage dexamethasone therapy, if plasma dexamethasone levels can be allowed to fall to zero between consecutive dexamethasone doses. PMID- 6568936 TI - Rubral tremor: clinical features and treatment of three cases. AB - Rubral tremor is characterized by a slow coarse tremor at rest that is exacerbated by postural adjustments and by guided voluntary movements. Some authorities have questioned whether it should be regarded as a distinct clinical entity. We observed three cases of rubral tremor following stroke and studied the movements by videotape recordings. The tremors were very similar in the three cases, and all showed plastic rigidity and dystonic posturing of the affected limbs. Rehabilitation difficulties out of proportion to the motor deficit were present, but all three patients responded favourably to treatment with levodopa carbidopa. Lesions of the superior cerebellar peduncle, midbrain tegmentum or posterior part of the thalamus may cause this peculiar tremor, and it is probable that lesions of the red nucleus itself are not crucial for its production. The similarity of the clinical features and management problems of these cases suggests that it is valuable to regard rubral tremor as a specific clinical syndrome. PMID- 6568937 TI - Psychometric and cranial CT study in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Twenty-two adults with myotonic dystrophy were assessed for evidence of intellectual impairment and cranial CT abnormalities. Psychometric evaluation demonstrated significantly lower verbal and performance IQs in the MD subjects than in matched normal controls. The reduced performance IQ was not simply related to loss of fine motor skills. No significant differences were found in memory and personality assessments between the MD and control groups. Lateral ventricular surface area was measured on CT scans using a semiautomated image analysis technique and was found to have a positive correlation with age in a control group of 45 normal scans (r = 0.833, P less than 0.001). This correlation was lacking in the MD group of subjects (r = 0.345, P greater than 0.05), in eight of whom the ventricular surface area was above the upper limit for age found in the control group. Asymptomatic areas of focal atrophy were found in two subjects. There was no correlation between ventricular size and severity or duration of the disease or verbal or performance IQ. PMID- 6568938 TI - Scapuloperoneal myopathy. AB - Two members of a family are described with muscle weakness and wasting affecting distal muscles of the lower limbs and muscles of the shoulder girdles. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is suggested with involvement of a 39-year old female and her 15-year-old daughter. The disease in the mother has taken a relatively benign course with slow progression while the daughter has a short history of mild weakness. In both, the symptoms in the legs developed first, with foot-drop and a gait disturbance, and shoulder girdle weakness developed at a later stage. The facial muscles were mildly affected in the mother only. Results of electromyography and muscle biopsy in both these cases support a diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. The scapuloperoneal pattern of muscle involvement occurs in a number of pathological and genetic entities. The differential diagnosis includes scapuloperoneal syndrome with distal sensory loss in the limbs (Davidenkow's syndrome). The nosology of this disorder is discussed in relation to the cases presented. PMID- 6568939 TI - Brainstem auditory evoked responses and quantitative saccade studies in multiple sclerosis: a comparative evaluation. AB - Brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) and quantitative saccadic eye movement studies provide information on the integrity of pathways traversing the brainstem. To compare the relative yield of abnormalities with the two techniques, the findings in a group of 46 patients with clinically definite, probable or suspected multiple sclerosis, in whom both procedures were performed, were analysed. BAERs were abnormal in 18 cases (39%), the abnormalities being subclinical in 10 (22%). One or more saccade parameters (reaction time, velocity, accuracy) were abnormal in 31 cases (67%), the abnormalities being subclinical in 19 (41%). When the results of both procedures were taken into account, the overall incidence of abnormalities was 76% and the overall incidence of subclinical abnormalities was 52%. Abnormalities were found with both techniques in 15 cases and with neither technique in 12 cases. Sixteen cases with normal BAERs had an abnormal saccade study, but only three cases with a normal saccade study had abnormal BAERs. It is concluded that BAERs and quantitative saccade studies have a complementary role in the investigation of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6568940 TI - Neuropathological findings in a case of coexistent progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease. AB - A 66-year-old man was investigated for increasing forgetfulness and frequent falls. Following appropriate investigations, the cause was presumed to be senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. He was reviewed one year later and found to have impaired vertical gaze and a hoarse voice. Progressive dementia, nuchal rigidity, anarthria, and sphincteric incontinence developed subsequently. A diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy was made. He died four years after the initial assessment. Neuropathological examination revealed changes characteristic of progressive supranuclear palsy, and suggestive of Alzheimer's disease. Globose tangles, granulovacuolar bodies and gliosis were present in the midbrain, the pons, the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, and the globus pallidus. Senile plaques and occasional neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar bodies were found in the hippocampus, amygdala, and temporal cortex. The coexistence of two disease processes resulting in dementia is discussed. PMID- 6568941 TI - Central pontine myelinolysis with widespread extrapontine lesions: a report of two cases. AB - Two cases of central pontine myelinolysis with extensive extrapontine lesions are described. Both occurred in patients with longstanding quadriplegia in whom severe hyponatraemia, occurring in a setting of respiratory infection, was rapidly corrected with hypertonic saline. The extrapontine lesions resembled those described in extrapontine myelinolysis, but the possibility that an anoxic ischaemic component may have contributed is discussed. The clinical data in these two cases are consistent with the mounting body of clinical and experimental evidence that disturbances of sodium balance may be an important cause of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. PMID- 6568943 TI - F-response studies: computer analysis and recovery cycle. AB - A computerized technique has been used for the analysis of F responses in normal subjects. Differences between the dominant and non-dominant upper limb have been found in some subjects and potentiation of the F response by the Jendrassik manoeuvre has been demonstrated. The recovery cycle of the F response has been studied in human subjects and in the rat and has been found to be similar to that of the H reflex. Such studies may be useful for studying alpha motor neurone excitability. PMID- 6568944 TI - Vasoactivity of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with brain swelling. AB - The triggering mechanisms of diffuse cerebral swelling are poorly understood. The findings in this study are in keeping with the hypothesis that chemicals released by brain trauma into the CSF promote vasodilatation. Other proposals have included brainstem stimulation with increased cerebral blood flow and defective autoregulation. A number of factors may be operative. PMID- 6568945 TI - Experience with continuous ambulatory EEG monitoring. AB - The value of continuous ambulatory EEG monitoring in the management of patients with seizures was assessed. Eighty-seven patients were studied over a two-year period, and 198 recordings were made. In six patients data from the monitor record changed management significantly by suggesting a diagnosis other than that made clinically and by routine EEG. In a further 33 patients data strongly supporting the clinical diagnoses were obtained. In 47 patients no positive diagnostic data were obtained, and in one patient the data could not be reconciled with the clinical picture. The ambulatory EEG was particularly useful for detecting nocturnal fits, such as tonic seizures, and for differentiating genuine seizures from pseudoseizures. Limitations of the instrument include the presence of only four channels and some distortion and degradation of the EEG signal. In spite of these problems, the instrument was found to be a valuable aid in the evaluation of patients with seizures. PMID- 6568942 TI - The plasticity of the Purkinje cell. AB - Dendritic plasticity in man is analysed on the example of the Purkinje cell. The conspicuous and easily demonstrable dendrites of this cell lend themselves particularly to such a study. Abnormalities of the dendritic tree have been observed in a variety of conditions, some of them originating in early infancy, others acquired in later life, all of them associated with a substantial loss of granule cells. While differences between the various diseases undoubtedly exist, the basic pattern remains remarkably constant. Three types of dendritic abnormality may be present: (i) persistence or neoformation of somal dendrites; (ii) expansion and malorientation of primary apical dendrites (the staghorn deformity); and (iii) bizarre ramification of secondary and tertiary dendrites, sometimes associated with expansions known as cactus, stellate or sunray figures. It is suggested that all these features should be interpreted as a response of the Purkinje cell to partial deafferentation and not as congenital malformations. In addition, dislocation of the Purkinje cell into the molecular layer is frequently seen in this group of cases. This may be ascribed to loss of tethering of the cell by its afferent fibres. PMID- 6568946 TI - Convulsive status epilepsy: is there a role for thiopentone-induced narcosis? AB - Convulsive status epilepsy is a medical emergency with significant mortality and morbidity. This retrospective survey reports the use of non-anaesthetic doses of thiopentone, given either by intravenous or rectal infusion. The regime was effective in controlling convulsive status without significant complications. It is suggested that this regime can be used safely when standard doses of diazepam (or clonazepam), and/or phenytoin, fail to effect immediate control of convulsive status, and before anaesthetic agents are administered. PMID- 6568948 TI - Fatal migraine. AB - A 58-year-old woman, with a past history of classic migraine since youth, suddenly experienced blurred vision and flexor spasms of her left hand, followed by a right hemicrania and photophobia, similar to previous attacks of migraine. Within a few hours a progressive left hemiplegia and paralysis of left conjugate gaze developed. Severe right hemicrania continued. CT brain scans showed a progressing large right parietotemporal infarct. Her level of consciousness declined and she died ten days after admission to hospital. The autopsy showed a large infarct in the area of supply of the right middle cerebral artery, associated with oedema and with a shift of midline structures to the left, with cingulate and right hippocampal herniation. There was secondary midbrain haemorrhage. Recent secondary haemorrhagic infarction was present in the left calcarine cortex. The carotid arteries in the neck showed only minimal atheromatous change and were patent; the cerebral arteries were remarkably free of atheroma, but the right middle cerebral artery contained red thrombus. Histologically the cerebral infarction antedated the middle cerebral artery thrombus by several days, supporting arterial spasm as the cause of infarction. The thrombosis was considered to be a secondary phenomenon. PMID- 6568947 TI - An analysis of the decision-making process in the management of malignant gliomas. AB - The decision to offer surgery or deep X-ray therapy to patients diagnosed as having malignant gliomas on CT scans is often problematical. Decision-tree analysis is used to make the underlying assumptions explicit in either strategy. Using biopsy and CT data obtained from our own experience, and survival figures from the literature, we are able to demonstrate that the decision is to a large extent related to value judgement. Specifically this relates to the assessment of the utility of long-term survival versus the immediate mortality and morbidity of biopsy in addition to possible difficulties in accepting long-term uncertainty of diagnosis if a biopsy is not performed. PMID- 6568949 TI - Neurovascular disturbances in headache patients. AB - The prevalence of icecream headache, icepick-like pains and premonitory symptoms (changes in mood, appetite and alertness one to 24 hours before headache onset) was studied in 530 patients referred for neurological assessment of headache. Pain in the head after icecream or cold drinks was reported by 37% of patients, more often by those whose headaches were associated with focal neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal disturbances. The affected region coincided with that of the customary headache in 33% of patients questioned. Icepick-like pains were reported by 39% of patients and were restricted to the distribution of the customary headache in 40% of these. Premonitory symptoms were noted by 30% of patients, particularly those with focal neurological symptoms before or during the attack. Premonitory symptoms may form part of a diffuse cerebral or hypothalamic disturbance preceding headache, while the prevalence of icecream headache and icepick-like pains suggests that pain pathways and neurovascular reflexes to sensory stimulation are hyperexcitable even between headache episodes. These phenomena favour a neurological origin of migrainous headache. PMID- 6568951 TI - Skeletal changes in preterm infants: personal experience. AB - The incidence of skeletal changes in preterm low-birth-weight infants is rising. This is probably related to today's higher survival rate of these babies. The late positivity of biochemical data and the lack of clinical prognostic signs justify the role of radiology in such pathology. Radiology, however, although useful in detecting rachitic changes, seems to be less sensitive to minimal osteoporotic modifications, for which densitometric studies should be preferred. The authors report their personal experience in 8 cases of skeletal pathology in preterm infants and suggest a radiological follow-up of the skeleton from the 5th to the 12th week of life, whenever a densitometric method is not available. PMID- 6568950 TI - Functional deficiency of complement factor D in a monozygous twin. AB - An adult twin with recurrent bacterial infections was found to have a partial functional deficiency of complement factor D. Full restoration of alternative pathway activity and zymosan- or cobra venom factor-induced consumption of C3 and B was found after reconstitution of patient's serum with purified D. Family studies revealed normal D levels in the mother, a brother and another sister. After gel filtration of patient's sera only little D activity could be detected in the fractions, and trypsin activation of the fractions also did not uncover detectable precursor D activity. PMID- 6568953 TI - Primary melanoma of the anorectal region. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of primary melanoma of the anorectal region are presented. The radiological patterns affords no basis for differentiation from hemorrhoids and polyps. Only close teamwork between radiologist and pathologist permits correct and timely treatment. PMID- 6568952 TI - Accuracy or inaccuracy of spleen mass measurements from radionuclide images. AB - In a retrospective study, scintigraphic spleen size was compared with actual spleen weight. Using the formula W = pi/7 h (h2 + 3ab), the normal weight was calculated too large and splenic enlargement was calculated too small. Other scintigraphic parameters seem to be just as unreliable. We suggest to judge scintigraphic spleen mass as normal and only be enlarged in obvious situations. PMID- 6568954 TI - Multiple staphylococcal pneumatoceles in an adult. AB - A 33-year-old male with staphylococcal pneumonia who presented radiographically with multiple thin-walled pulmonary cavities (pneumatoceles) is reported. The cavities rapidly altered following treatment with antibiotics and the patient clinically improved. PMID- 6568955 TI - Bilateral symmetrical clavicular periosteal reactions in a child. AB - A case of bilateral symmetrical periosteal reactions of the lateral halves of the clavicles in a child with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is presented. The appearances correspond with no previously recorded condition. The differential diagnosis most likely lies between aborted Salmonella osteomyelitis or a form fruste of subacute symmetrical osteomyelitis. PMID- 6568956 TI - A Brodie's abscess caused by Salmonella give. AB - This report describes a typical Brodie's abscess caused by a Salmonella subspecies in an otherwise healthy individual. The rarity of the causative agent of this infection is stressed. PMID- 6568957 TI - Supporting the carers: ignore them at your peril. PMID- 6568959 TI - Arrhythmia quiz. Tachycardia. PMID- 6568958 TI - Pressure sores fact sheet. PMID- 6568960 TI - The legal liabilities of critical care. A case of negligence? PMID- 6568961 TI - Biological rhythms: implications for critical care. PMID- 6568962 TI - Viewing the patient's psychosocial needs. PMID- 6568964 TI - Home study program. Nursing care of the patient with a burn injury. PMID- 6568963 TI - Cerebral vasospasm: pathophysiology and nursing care. PMID- 6568965 TI - Nursing care of the patient with a burn injury. PMID- 6568967 TI - Amphotericin B (Fungizone). PMID- 6568966 TI - Shock management. Part I. Fluid volume replacement. PMID- 6568968 TI - Manual and home oxygen therapy for infants: a discharge planning guide. PMID- 6568969 TI - Self-scheduling in the intensive care unit. PMID- 6568970 TI - Human cataract formation. PMID- 6568971 TI - Cytoskeletal proteins of the ageing human lens. AB - The cytoskeletal proteins of the human lens were studied by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and immunologically. Spectrin, vimentin and actin were identified in the superficial fibre cells of human lenses even to age 87 years. These proteins are lost from the deeper cortical and nuclear fibre cells, where a broad zone of water-insoluble proteins of Mr 36 000-45 000 emerges even in the transparent normal lens. Age-related changes in the water-soluble fraction include the increased prominence of W 56 and W 36 proteins in the cortex and of W 38 in the nucleus. PMID- 6568972 TI - Interaction of crystallins with the cytoskeletal-plasma membrane complex of the bovine lens. AB - The isolated lenticular plasma membrane-cytoskeleton complex, when analysed by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, shows reproducibly a significant amount of crystallins, mainly alpha-crystallin. Evidence is provided that purified plasma membranes from the bovine lens also associate selectively with a limited number of newly synthesized polypeptides on cell-free translation of calf lens polyribosomes and addition of the membranes to the incubation medium. This capability is retained by purified lens membrane junctions. The polypeptides that are selected comprise alpha-crystallin chains (in particular alpha A2-crystallin), actin, vimentin and beta B1a-crystallin. Sequence analysis revealed that the latter has in its N-terminal extension a characteristic Pro-Ala track. The designation 'PAPA-arm' is proposed for this N-terminal region, comprising the alternating Pro-Ala sequence, that has previously also been found in rabbit myosin and might be responsible for anchoring beta B1a-crystallin to lens membranes. PMID- 6568973 TI - Crystallin genes: templates for lens transparency. AB - Analysis of recombinant DNAs provides new information on the basis of crystallin evolution and diversity. All crystallin genes contain introns. Two similar, tandemly linked chicken delta-crystallin genes, which probably arose by gene duplication, contain at least 16-17 introns. In the beta-crystallins three introns are situated between exons encoding the structural motifs of the protein, thus relating gene and protein structure. The structurally similar beta- and gamma-crystallins are coded by separate gene families which apparently arose by successive duplications of a common ancestral gene. The N-termini (5' end of gene) of the beta-crystallins appear to have diverged, while the 3' ends have been conserved. In the single murine alpha A-crystallin gene, coding information (the insert exon) for the alpha Ains peptide is contained within an intron. Alternative RNA splicing of this gene gives both the alpha A2 and the alpha Ains crystallin mRNAs. Thus, molecular genetics is providing a deeper appreciation of evolutionary events and is serving to redefine the crystallins in terms of their genes. Since the crystallins are so abundant in the lens, greater understanding of their polypeptide and gene structure should contribute to our understanding of and ability to treat cataract. PMID- 6568975 TI - The molecular structures and interactions of bovine and human gamma-crystallins. AB - Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of bovine gamma II-crystallin has provided the basis for building molecular models using computer graphics of two human gamma-crystallins, the sequences of which have recently been determined. The tertiary structures of these gamma-crystallins are predicted to be highly conserved. They have extensive networks of interacting charges on their surfaces, which may contribute to their thermodynamic stability and partially define the degree of water retention in the lens. The human crystallins appear to be more hydrophobic than the bovine molecule. All have arrangements of cysteine thiols which may be important as electron sinks and reserve redox potential in the normal lens but which may contribute to protein aggregation in cataract. PMID- 6568976 TI - The molecular basis of cataract formation. AB - The theoretical and experimental basis for the transparency and opacification of the lens is reviewed. The microscopic mechanisms so far established which produce cataract are discussed. The use of quasielastic light scattering spectroscopy to measure in vivo the diffusivity of proteins and to sensitively detect the earliest stages of cataract formation is described. PMID- 6568974 TI - The crystallin gene families. AB - Recent work from our laboratory on the structure and the genetic organization of the lens beta- and gamma-crystallin gene families is reviewed briefly. In the rat six different gamma-crystallin genes are present which all have an identical distribution of exons and introns, namely a small intron after the third translation codon and a larger one within the coding region for the connecting peptide which links the two domains of the gamma-crystallins. We find five rat genes physically linked and located on a DNA segment of only 50 kilobases, whereas the sixth gene is more distant. The polypeptide sequences, as deduced from DNA sequence analysis, of these six rat and two human gamma-crystallin genes are compared and discussed in terms of structural and evolutionary aspects. The gene coding for rat beta B1a-crystallin appears to be a single-copy gene of much larger size than the gamma-crystallin genes. The beta B1 gene is not physically linked to the other beta-crystallin genes, even though the various beta genes are evolutionarily related and in that sense constitute a gene family. In contrast to the gamma-crystallin genes, the beta B1 gene has an intron not only between the domain sequence but also between the motif sequences. In addition, the exon coding for the N-terminal extension of the protein is separated by an intron from the first protein motif sequence. We anticipate that structural and genetic investigations on lens crystallin genes and their expression might provide a framework for revealing the basis of (some) hereditary disorders in the visual system. PMID- 6568977 TI - Non-invasive techniques in the study of cataract development at the metabolic and protein molecular level. AB - Metabolic changes may precede changes in lens protein structure and cataract opacification. Since many of the effects associated with cataract are oxidative in nature, changes in the redox state may be caused by alterations in the level of various metabolic intermediates such as ATP and NAD(P)H. Abnormal levels of H2O2 have been found in the aqueous fluid of cataract patients. Lenses have been treated with 1 mM-H2O2 in organ culture as a cataract model. H2O2 in this system uncouples Na+, K+-ATPase. This metabolic stress has been further evaluated non invasively by 31P NMR to show that H2O2 can reduce ATP levels without any immediate effects on visual transparency. However, further treatment by this oxidant leads to definitive visual changes in lens clarity. These changes may be due to further changes in structural lens proteins caused by denaturation and aggregation induced by H2O2. The effects of H2O2 on isolated lens proteins is being examined in molecular detail by NMR to ascertain how the lens proteins become denatured in solution. The relevance of the H2O2 model to cataract formation can only be evaluated by using several non-invasive techniques beyond NMR, and then critically comparing the model systems with human cataract tissue samples. PMID- 6568978 TI - Epidemiological and other studies in the assessment of factors contributing to cataractogenesis. AB - Some problems of cataract epidemiology are briefly reviewed. Studies of the incidence and prevalence of cataract, and of economic status, measure social need but cannot, by themselves, point to possible causes. Information on geographical or regional distributions and medical, clinical and occupational studies permit the formulation of socially, medically or experimentally testable hypotheses concerning specific contributory factors. We have found several such factors to be significantly associated with cataract; they appear to be risk factors. Some risk factors are associated with subclinical deviations from the range of normal concentrations of certain plasma constituents, whereas clinically or experimentally acute deviations are known to be rapidly cataractogenic. Other risk factors include medical conditions and certain drugs. Although individuals may have several risk factors, controls have significantly fewer than cataract patients of the same age. This difference in the number of risk factors is also age-related, as is the degree of divergence from the normal range in the concentrations of several plasma constituents. PMID- 6568979 TI - Classification of human cataractous change by the American Cooperative Cataract Research Group method. AB - The American Cooperative Cataract Research Group (CCRG) has adopted a system of classifying cataractous changes in excised human cataracts that is based on separate and independent photographic documentation of opacification and nuclear colour. The classification data can be simplified according to the needs of the scientist in his or her effort to measure clinically or scientifically significant associations between laboratory measures and cataractous change. The association between nuclear colour and the extent of cortical opacification and the intensity of nuclear opacification has been studied and found to be insignificant. These results justify the recommendation that nuclear colour be abandoned as the single index of severity of any type of senile cataractous change. The adaptability of this system to in vivo use in epidemiological and other studies of the natural history of cataractous change is discussed. Its limitations are outlined. The system may offer a basis for international cooperation in cataract classification. PMID- 6568980 TI - Oxidation and cataract. AB - Previous work has established that oxidation of the constituents of the human lens is an early event in the development of cataract. In old pre-cataractous lenses, oxidation of the fibre membrane polypeptides is observed. Non-disulphide linked aggregates possibly generated by photo-oxidation are also found. With the development of cataract the oxidation becomes more extensive, affecting many of the proteins of the tissue. High molecular weight, disulphide-linked aggregates are formed, involving cytosol and membrane components. Membrane rupture accompanies the process. Hydrogen peroxide has been found in elevated levels in the aqueous fluid of some cataract patients. H2O2 will cause cataract and has been shown to affect Na+,K+-ATPase. Analyses of available data suggest that (1) oxidation of membrane components may be an initiating event in cataract, and (2) the oxidizing agent may come from the exterior environment of the tissue. The problems involved in proving this hypothesis are discussed and an approach to testing the hypothesis is suggested. PMID- 6568981 TI - Metabolism and function of glutathione in the lens. AB - The mammalian lens contains an unusually high concentration of glutathione (GSH), the highest level being in the epithelium. GSH is present largely in the reduced state. The high concentration of GSH in a normal lens and the decreased concentration in most types of cataracts have led to many hypotheses on its role in cataract formation. These hypotheses are considered in the light of current evidence. GSH is synthesized and degraded in the lens. Both processes require ATP, derived largely from glycolysis. Carbohydrate metabolism is also involved in the maintenance of GSH in the reduced state. There is a direct link between the rate of formation of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and the stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt through the generation of NADPH. One possible function of GSH in the lens is to maintain the thiol (SH) groups of proteins in the reduced state, thus preventing formation of high molecular weight (HMW) protein aggregates. The formation of HMW proteins in X-ray-induced cataracts through disulphide bond formation and the involvement of SH oxidation in HMW proteins isolated from human cataractous lenses suggest a role for GSH in protecting protein SH groups. GSH in the lens may also protect critical SH groups involved in regulating cation transport and permeability. Studies with mammalian lenses indicate that lowering the lens GSH concentration leads to increased permeability to cations and inactivation of Na+,K+-ATPase. A consequence of the changes in ion distribution is the inhibition of protein synthesis, which may explain the cessation of growth in cataractous lenses. GSH may also protect against oxidative damage to the lens. GSH metabolism is intimately involved in detoxification of H2O2, normally present in the aqueous humour. Lenses with impaired shunt activity or inhibited glutathione reductase are more susceptible to oxidative damage by peroxide. This may contribute to the formation of cataract. PMID- 6568982 TI - Cataracts and photochemical damage in the lens. AB - The possibility is considered that ultraviolet radiation, from sunlight and other ambient sources, is a major causative factor in certain human cataracts. Epidemiological and experimental data from the literature are reviewed and new experimental results on exposure of rat lenses to UV laser radiation in vitro are presented. This UV irradiation of lenses is shown to cause: (i) photochemical alteration of tryptophan residues in lens proteins, resulting in loss of tryptophan fluorescence, (ii) new ultraviolet absorption bands attributable to photo-oxidation products of lens proteins, and (iii) cross-linking of polypeptides in lens proteins, detected by sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It is noted that the UV radiation-induced lens changes reported are quite similar to the changes found when normal human lenses develop cataracts. In order to establish the degree to which UV-exposed lenses resemble naturally occurring cataracts, a comprehensive comparison of anatomical, histological and biochemical parameters for normal, cataractous and UV-exposed human lenses is proposed. PMID- 6568983 TI - [Diphtheria]. PMID- 6568984 TI - [Protecting tuberculosis patients against influenza]. PMID- 6568985 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome]. PMID- 6568986 TI - [Hearing disorder in children]. PMID- 6568987 TI - [Anti-inflammatory agents]. PMID- 6568988 TI - [Mycotoxicosis]. PMID- 6568989 TI - [Health education of the population in the basics of rural public health and welfare organization]. PMID- 6568990 TI - [Sex education of youth]. PMID- 6568991 TI - [Threatened uterine rupture along the scar after a cesarean section]. PMID- 6568992 TI - [Renal colic in an ischemic heart disease patient]. PMID- 6568993 TI - [Puerperal mastitis]. PMID- 6568994 TI - [Polyneuropathy in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6568995 TI - A spirit of renaissance. PMID- 6568996 TI - Contract learning--an effective teaching-learning strategy. PMID- 6568997 TI - Delegate Marilyn Goldwater. PMID- 6568998 TI - Fat embolism syndrome: pathophysiology and current treatment. PMID- 6569000 TI - The arrhythmia detection accuracy of telemetry monitor technicians. PMID- 6568999 TI - Legal issues in nursing. Duty to the patient. PMID- 6569001 TI - Coming of age. PMID- 6569002 TI - A special invitation. PMID- 6569003 TI - Psychiatric nursing and field research. PMID- 6569004 TI - Professionalism: can we achieve it collectively? PMID- 6569005 TI - General information about the impaired nurse program. PMID- 6569006 TI - [Psychosocial situation of married couples prior to artificial insemination with donor sperm]. AB - 57 couples who attended our outpatient department for artificial insemination with donor sperm (AID) had a detailed semistandardized interview prior to treatment. The Giessen Test was used as personality test, as well as a questionnaire concerning the sexual and partner relationship. We found that it was the woman who had to bear the major part of the intrapsychic burden and who primarily suffered because of the problem which was actually caused by male sterility. However, 54 of 57 couples had no psychological difficulties to overcome the sterility problem. These couples developed individual and partnership strategies to deal with the burden of unwanted childlessness. They preferred AID rather than adoption, because for the woman this alternative offers the chance of real parenthood. AID seems to provide a medico-technical solution for couples with sterility problems: the reproductive process at the biological level was regarded as distinctly separated from their future role as parents which they considered to be a social task. PMID- 6569007 TI - [Relation of age at menarche and fertility period to body composition as related to surface area. A hypothesis]. AB - From the potassium-40 values, the body weight, and the height of 4112 girls and women aged 8 to 65 years, we derive an association between menstruation and body cell mass/surface area quotient. In girls reaching a body weight of 47.8 kg, i.e. the body weight during the menarche according to Frisch and Revelle, the body cell mass/surface area quotient is 16.8 kg/m2 and remains such during the time of regular menstruations. PMID- 6569008 TI - [Pregnancy, labor and the puerperium in women prisoners]. AB - In 43 imprisoned women in Berlin, the authors investigated the situation in which imprisoned women find themselves when they are pregnant, with particular reference to pregnancy, delivery and puerperium. A control group of 172 women was examined parallel to this study. It was evident that the imprisoned women had significantly more complications with regard to the course of their pregnancy and delivery, including the condition of the newborn. An analysis of the individual data yielded, for the majority of the women, a worsening of their primarily poor social and mental condition, i.e. an aggravation caused by the imprisonment. It was the aim of this study to formulate, first of all, appropriate suggestions for lowering infantile and maternal morbidity in this risk group. One of the factors examined in this connection was a possible overall change in law enforcement (imprisonment) practice (for example, suspension of imprisonment according to paragraph 455/455a, 3 of the Federal German Code of Criminal Procedure, 1981, or rescission of imprisonment). Secondly, the authors recommend more intensive care during pregnancy and delivery, taking into account the experiences collected and presented in this article. PMID- 6569009 TI - [Assessment of damage to the child in acute CO poisoning in pregnancy]. AB - Diaplacental transition of CO is discussed in two cases of lethal CO intoxication of pregnant women. Foetal CO-Hb has a time lag of several hours against maternal CO-Hb. In highly acute CO intoxications noxious foetal CO intoxication may not occur in spite of high maternal CO concentrations. However, there is a possibility of foetal hypoxia based on maternal hypoxaemia. In cases of subacute CO exposure for several hours, higher CO concentrations may be found in the foetal blood than in the maternal blood. Oxygen therapy of such CO intoxication cases must continue for a certain time after the mother had been detoxicated, because foetal CO elimination lags behind that of the mother. Subacute CO intoxications with sublethal CO-Hb concentrations may cause foetal damage and intra-uterine death as a consequence of CO-Hb, cellular toxic CO-effects and the hypoxia caused by maternal hypoxaemia. Medical decision for interruption of pregnancy as a consequence of foetal indication should be taken after due consideration of the legal problems involved in such action. PMID- 6569010 TI - [Malaria relapse in the puerperium]. AB - During the last six years we observed four malaria relapses shortly after delivery. In three cases the relapse occurred subsequent to Caesarean section, and in one case shortly after normal uncomplicated delivery. Case histories revealed that these women had previously stayed in the tropical or subtropical zones. The longest period without relapse was five years, the shortest interval four months. In all cases, microscopic examination revealed a relapse of Malaria tertiana. All the patients were cured within a short time by administration of chloroquine; the clinical signs disappeared. If, in fever of unknown origin, malaria is suspected, diagnosis and therapy will be an easy matter. Good anamnesis will provide a pointer to appropriate therapeutic action. PMID- 6569011 TI - [16-Phenoxy-prostaglandin-E2 for inducing abortion in intact and complicated pregnancy]. AB - The prostaglandins used so far in early pregnancy exercise distressingly strong side effects (Table 5). These side effects are closely correlated with the effectiveness of the prostaglandins. 16-phenoxy-prostaglandin-E2 (SHB 286) was employed in 476 women for inducing abortion in intact and disturbed pregnancy and for priming before performing a planned abruptio. During the priming of 64 women before inducing abortion, this was induced in 59% of the women already by a single intramuscular application of 500 micrograms SHB 286-depending on parity, whereas in the remaining cases it was possible to avoid dilatation of the cervix or to substantially facilitate dilatation technique. For inducing abortion during the second trimenon, SHB 286 was applied extra-amnially in 15 cases, intra amnially in 24, intravenously in 56 and intramuscularly in 99 cases. The dosage was lowest on extra-amnial administration (50 micrograms on the average), and highest on intramuscular application with a mean of 1760 micrograms. The time until induced abortion set in was between 16 hours (intra-amnial application) and 12 hours (intravenous application). The rate of abortions was more than 90% on intra-amnial, intravenous and intramuscular application, and 80% on extra-amnial application. In case of missed abortion and hydatid mole, SHB 286 was applied systemically only. In missed abortion the mean dosage up to expulsion was 1700 micrograms on intravenous administration, whereas it was 1126 micrograms only if given intramuscularly. The dosage for inducing abortion was 8 hours by the IV route and 10 hours by the IM route.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6569012 TI - [The physician's duty to explain the possibility of damage to the ureter during abdominal hysterectomy]. AB - The Federal German High Court (Bundesgerichtshof) ruled on 28 February 1984 (File No. VI ZR 70/82) that it would never be possible to completely exclude the possibility of an injury to adjacent organs in case of abdominal hysterectomy even with all due care. Hence, injury to the ureter during such surgery could not be considered as a case of malpractice. However, the physician, as now ruled by the said Court, is obliged to inform his patient beforehand of the possible risk of an injury to the ureter. This does not necessarily imply to list all possible risks in all possible variants. It will be sufficient to give the patient a general idea, even though in rough outlines, of the severity of the impending surgical intervention and of the complications possibly and specifically connected with this particular operation. PMID- 6569014 TI - The politic nurse-midwife and the shaping of health policy. PMID- 6569016 TI - The "FNS demonstration"--where has it led? PMID- 6569015 TI - Nurse-midwifery education--present and future perspectives at FNS. PMID- 6569013 TI - Values of serum carcinoembryonic antigen and elastase 1 in diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and elastase 1 in the serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay, respectively, in 224 healthy subjects, 49 patients with pancreatitis, 53 patients with pancreatic carcinoma and 129 patients with cancer in other organs. The CEA concentrations in the serum were significantly higher in patients with pancreatic carcinoma than in those with pancreatitis, but this concentration was not a satisfactory indicator of pancreatic carcinoma localised to allow irradication by resection as it was raised in only 47% of the patients. High CEA concentrations were also slightly, but not significantly, more frequent in patients with cancer of the pancreatic body or tail, and unresectable cancer or cancer of more than 6.0 cm in longest diameter than in those with cancer of the pancreatic head, resectable cancer or cancer of less than 6.0 cm diameter. Serum elastase 1 was raised in only 42% of the patients with pancreatic carcinoma and could not be used to distinguish patients with pancreatic carcinoma from those with pancreatitis. In contrast with CEA, however, its concentration was abnormally high significantly more frequently in patients with cancer of less than 6.0 cm in longest diameter than in those with larger tumours. It was also raised slightly, but not significantly, more frequently in those with cancer of the pancreatic head and in patients with resectable cancer than in those with unresectable cancer. A combination of these two tests raised the diagnostic rate of pancreatic carcinoma to 77% without a remarkable decrease in the specificity for pancreatic carcinoma. In particular, it raised the diagnostic rates of cases of cancer of the pancreatic head, resectable cancer and cancers of less than 3.0 cm and 3.0-6.0 cm in longest diameter. Therefore, a combination of measurements of CEA and elastase 1 in the serum is very useful for early detection of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6569017 TI - The art of nurse-midwifery. PMID- 6569018 TI - Birth centers and the art of midwifery. PMID- 6569020 TI - If the nightmare comes true: what to do if you flunk your State Boards. PMID- 6569019 TI - Career pathing (or, finding a job). PMID- 6569022 TI - [Cryoglobulins]. PMID- 6569021 TI - Nursing careerists. PMID- 6569023 TI - [Antidepressive agents]. PMID- 6569024 TI - [Menetrier's disease]. PMID- 6569025 TI - [Humanization at the hospital]. PMID- 6569026 TI - [British system of beds for part time and holiday use]. PMID- 6569027 TI - [Responding to suffering with love]. PMID- 6569028 TI - [Lithium: third revolution in the history of psychiatric diseases]. PMID- 6569029 TI - [Continuous evaluation and autonomy of the student]. PMID- 6569030 TI - [The deployment of multiple health services]. PMID- 6569031 TI - [The health record: source of conflict in occupational medicine]. PMID- 6569032 TI - Factors influencing comprehension of information for informed consent: ethical implications for nursing research. AB - Empirical studies on comprehension of information for informed consent show that research subjects often do not understand major portions of that to which they have consented. This raises the ethical question of whether or not the consent process has accomplished its purpose--the protection of the individual's right to self-determination. This article focuses on the following factors derived from the research literature that influence comprehension of information for informed consent: the nature of information, method of presentation of information, demographic factors, and personal factors. From these factors and methodological considerations, ethical implications for nursing research are addressed. PMID- 6569033 TI - Factors affecting the nurse as a teacher and practicer of breast self examination. AB - The purpose of this study was to compare the knowledge, attitudes, confidence and practice of breast self-examination of a group of hospital-employed nurses and non-nurses, in an attempt to understand the factors which influence why nurses do not teach or practice breast self-examination more significantly. A 41-item questionnaire administered to 380 female hospital employees compared data on demographics, risk factors, practice, knowledge, perceived susceptibility and reasons for and against practice. The findings show significant differences in knowledge levels and confidence between the nurse and non-nurse group. The differences between the two groups in frequency of practice, however, are extremely small. The significance of these findings to nursing education is discussed. PMID- 6569035 TI - Health for all elderly people by the year 2000. PMID- 6569036 TI - Turkey faces the challenge of Alma-Ata. AB - Turkey is a country poised between East and West. The new Republic, under Kemal Ataturk, faced enormous problems. Not least among them were the problems of population and of health. Enormous strides were made--and continue to be made. But problems remain. Doctors and nurses, trained in metropolitan areas are reluctant to serve where they are most needed in the remote rural areas. Nevertheless, the challenge of Alma-Ata is being bravely faced and primary health care is making progress. PMID- 6569037 TI - Meaning in suffering. AB - This article deals with the dual suffering of clients and nurses when facing situations which appear to have no meaning. It demonstrates the need for the nurse to develop a personal philosophy which may be used to help both herself and her client. PMID- 6569034 TI - Abnormal illness behaviour: the nursing contribution. AB - Patients who suffer from physical symptoms with no apparent organic pathology often receive inappropriate care in the general hospital. Many terms have been used to describe such patients, often derogatory. More careful assessment, systematic description and treatments are required from all staff. In this study a sample (N = 79) of patients with various 'hysterical' complaints, other than pain, were interviewed, and completed a set of psychological instruments to detect any personality or mood disturbance. These data were also collected from two comparison groups from a psychiatric clinic (34) and a neurological setting (36). The main purpose of this study, to identify differences between these groups, was achieved. Patients in the main sample were found to have a high frequency of affective disturbance, being moderately anxious and depressed. Most understood that their problems may have been psychological but had an unrealistic view of their coping strategies and life problems. Nurses in both general and psychiatric settings could have an immensely important role in both identifying such patients and their needs and in providing appropriate guidance and treatments. PMID- 6569038 TI - Family nurse practitioner. AB - The values of nursing must not get lost in the dominant medical culture. If they do, you justly risk the epithet of junior doctor. Patients do not need junior doctors. They need the knowledge and skills of both medicine and nursing. Dr. Barbara Bates, co-author of a test for family nurse practitioners, delivered at Cornell University a most important statement. This article touches on the history of the nurse practitioner movement and enlarges on its application in the West Indies. PMID- 6569039 TI - No one is realistic about family planning. PMID- 6569040 TI - Community participation in rural health care. AB - Shortage of health professionals in rural health is a reality with which health care providers in Cameroon are battling and will continue for some time to come. In the meantime, while attempts are being made to solve the problem by increase in the training of health personnel there are alternative approaches which offer some solutions. One of these approaches is community participation. This can take several forms, some of which we shall describe in this paper. In the context of this paper we consider community health in its wide sense of disease prevention and disease treatment. PMID- 6569041 TI - WHO's first research unit: immunology. AB - The Advisory Committee on Medical Research has just celebrated its 25th anniversary. The first research unit concerned itself with immunology and it provides an excellent example of the foresight of ACMR. Immunological tests are now an integral part of all branches of medicine. All nurses need to have an awareness of the rapid growth of immunology, from its roots in microbiology to its present status as a scientific discipline. PMID- 6569042 TI - Story of a strike. AB - In the summer of 1983 the Finnish Nurses Federation, a nursing organization in membership with the Union of Health Professionals (TEHY) and within the Confederation of Salaried Employees (TVK) of Finland found themselves in dispute with the employers (KSV). A limited strike, supported by all political parties and the majority of members of parliament. The strike resulted in an increase in salaries. This is an account of events. PMID- 6569043 TI - Thoughts on the future become this year's plans. PMID- 6569044 TI - Depression in women. The postpartum experience. PMID- 6569045 TI - The relation of stressful life events to gender. PMID- 6569046 TI - Substance abuse in women. Etiology and prevention. PMID- 6569047 TI - Mothering and the young child. PMID- 6569048 TI - The antecedents and prevention of unwanted pregnancy. PMID- 6569049 TI - Public health nursing: a crisis in definition, role, and function. PMID- 6569050 TI - Bowel management protocol. PMID- 6569051 TI - Incidence of leakage from indwelling urinary catheters in homebound patients. PMID- 6569052 TI - Community health nursing defined within a systems framework. PMID- 6569053 TI - The health needs of small company employees. A descriptive study. PMID- 6569054 TI - Mother Care: cost effective program in maternal-infant care. PMID- 6569055 TI - Nursing research at a VNA. PMID- 6569056 TI - The concepts of coping and vulnerability as applied to children with chronic conditions. PMID- 6569057 TI - Care of the infant with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease receiving prostaglandin E1. PMID- 6569058 TI - The development of a teaching model for patients with hemophilia and their families. PMID- 6569059 TI - Caring for the child with dermatomyositis. PMID- 6569060 TI - The participation of fathers in their children's hospitalization. PMID- 6569061 TI - The use of play in the nutritional support of hospitalized children. PMID- 6569062 TI - Overview of credentialing: focus on professional certification for pediatric/maternal-child health nurses. PMID- 6569063 TI - Prevalence and laboratory identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in community hospitals. AB - The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in community hospitals in northern Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan was found to be one case in 82,565 patients. The percentage of S. aureus isolates resistant to methicillin was less than 0.2% (5 of 2,835). In this study, conducted from 1 June 1982 to 31 May 1983, a laboratory-controlled methodology was used. PMID- 6569064 TI - Hypocholesterolemic effects of mevinolin in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - We have evaluated the hypolipidemic effects of mevinolin, a competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis in 13 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Patients were maintained on a low-cholesterol diet and received sequentially increasing doses of 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg of mevinolin twice daily for a period of 1 mo on each dose. Plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased by 19.8% on the 5 mg twice daily dose (P less than 0.05 vs. base line), 28.4% on 10 mg of mevinolin twice daily (P less than 0.05 vs. 5 mg twice daily), 35% on 20 mg of mevinolin twice daily (P less than 0.05 vs. 10 mg twice daily), and 37.7% on 40 mg of mevinolin twice daily (not statistically different from 20 mg twice daily). Concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol remained stable on all doses of mevinolin whereas plasma triglyceride levels fell significantly on the 20 mg (-30.7%) and 40 mg (-34.3%) twice daily doses of mevinolin. Mevinolin was well tolerated and all patients completed the study period. Side effects during the period of study were limited to transient insomnia and headaches in two patients, transient increases in alkaline phosphatase in three patients, and a modest but sustained increase in alkaline phosphatase in a fourth patient. These results indicate that mevinolin is an effective hypolipidemic agent in patients with heterozygous FH but that the optimal doses in these patients are greater than those previously reported in normal volunteers. If long-term safety can be satisfactorily established, mevinolin offers considerable promise in the therapy of heterozygous FH. PMID- 6569065 TI - Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by bovine mammary gland macrophages and intracellular protection from antibiotic action in vitro and in vivo. AB - Macrophages isolated from the involuted bovine mammary gland were cultured in vitro. Phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus occurred rapidly, but intracellular killing of bacteria was slow. Many intracellular staphylococci survived for up to 4 d exposure to extracellular cloxacillin and emerged from within the macrophages to multiply extracellularly when the antibiotic was inactivated. Rifampicin was significantly more efficient than cloxacillin in killing intracellular S. aureus after 18 h incubation, but it too failed to sterilize the cultures within 3 d. Staphylococci, which had remained viable within macrophages during 20 h incubation with extracellular cloxacillin, showed an increased sensitivity to dilute lysostaphin on subsequent exposure. A 3 d course of intramammary therapy with cloxacillin, commencing simultaneously with an infecting inoculum of approximately 10(8) colony forming units (c.f.u.) S. aureus, apparently eliminated the infection from one quarter of the udders of each of three lactating cows, but bacteria were re-isolated from two cows after a delay of several days. However, when other quarters of the same cows were infected with approximately 10(8) c.f.u. S. aureus which had been phagocytosed by autologous mammary macrophages, similar simultaneous antibiotic therapy failed to affect these infections. The in vitro and in vivo findings indicate the significance of intracellular survival of S. aureus as a factor contributing to failure of antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6569066 TI - [Effects of salt loading on urinary excretion of kallikrein in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension]. PMID- 6569068 TI - Seeds for peace. PMID- 6569069 TI - Community health nurse of the year. PMID- 6569067 TI - Binding of vanadate to human serum transferrin. AB - Human serum transferrin specifically and reversibly binds 2 equiv of vanadate at the two metal-binding sites of the protein. The vanadium(V)-transferrin complex can be formed either by the addition of vanadate to apotransferrin or by the air oxidation of the vanadyl(IV)-transferrin complex. The formation of the vanadium complex can be blocked by loading the apotransferrin with iron(III), and bound vanadium can be displaced from the protein by the subsequent addition of either gallium(III) or iron(III). The binding constant for the second equiv of vanadate is 10(6.5) in 0.1 M hepes, pH 7.4 at 25 degrees C. The binding constant for the first equiv of vanadate is probably very similar, although no quantitative value could be determined. Although transferrin reacts with the vanadate anion, studies on the transferrin model compound ethylenebis(o-hydroxyphenylglycine) indicate that at pH 9.5, the vanadium is binding at the metal-binding site as a dioxovanadium(V) cation coordinated to two phenolic residues at each binding site. This bound cation appears to be protonated over the pH range 9.5-6.5, as shown by changes in the difference uv spectrum of the transferrin complex, to produce an oxohydroxo species. Further decreases in the pH lead to dissociation of the vanadium-transferrin complex. PMID- 6569070 TI - Multiple sclerosis and self-help: new roles for nursing. PMID- 6569071 TI - Efficacy of cranberry juice and ascorbic acid in acidifying the urine in multiple sclerosis subjects. PMID- 6569072 TI - Locus of control and the use of strategies to promote self-care. PMID- 6569073 TI - Preventing sexual abuse of children: a model school education program. PMID- 6569074 TI - Social development of preschool children in home care and day care settings. PMID- 6569075 TI - That first home visit. PMID- 6569076 TI - Genetic components and counseling in renal disorders. PMID- 6569077 TI - The heart and circulatory system--a review. PMID- 6569078 TI - Cultural assessment ... how well do we know our patients. PMID- 6569079 TI - Utilization of Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory: primary nursing as a method of increasing job satisfaction for nurses. PMID- 6569080 TI - Learning to live with dialysis: Part I. PMID- 6569082 TI - Using metaphor in psychotherapy. PMID- 6569081 TI - Guidelines for care of the hospitalized CAPD patient. PMID- 6569084 TI - Intellectual traditions in psychiatric mental nursing: a review of selected textbooks. PMID- 6569083 TI - The outpatient comes home: the family's response to deinstitutionalization. PMID- 6569085 TI - The world of psychosocial nursing. Connie Holleran: Executive Director International Council of Nurses. PMID- 6569086 TI - Elastase activity in serum and synovial fluid of patients with connective tissue disorders. AB - Sera and synovial fluids (SF) from patients with connective tissue disorders had significantly lower levels of elastase than sera from healthy controls. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had significantly lower elastase activity in SF compared with serum. Elastase activity in serial serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus undergoing plasmapheresis showed some relationship with the clinical condition but little correlation with levels of circulating immune complexes. It was concluded that free elastase in the serum or SF was unlikely to be of much pathological significance in connective tissue disease. PMID- 6569087 TI - [A study on the disc sensitivity test for amoxicillin]. AB - Susceptibilities of 101 strains of 25 bacterial species or subspecies to amoxicillin (AMPC) were determined by the 2-fold agar dilution method in parallel with the diameter of inhibition zone by the single-disc method, under the experimental conditions established by Kanazawa. The experiments demonstrated significant correlation between the MIC by the dilution method and the diameter of inhibition zone in each of conventional assay of the over-night (about 16 hours) incubation, delayed assay (about 24 hours incubation), and rapid assay (after 3 approximately 4 or 5 approximately 6 hours incubation), thus confirming applicability of the single-disc assay for AMPC. Analysis of the data obtained by using AMPC disc containing 30 micrograms revealed the primary regression equation to be: D (diameter, mm) = 27.1-9.9 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in conventional assay, D = 32.2-12.8 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in delayed assay, D = 19.8-6.2 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3 approximately 4 hours rapid assay, and D = 24.0-7.8 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5 approximately 6 hours rapid assay, and particularly for beta lactamase producing Staphylococci, D = 23.7-8.1 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in conventional assay, D = 16.7-9.0 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 3 approximately 4 hours rapid assay, and D = 20.7-9.2 log MIC (micrograms/ml) in 5 approximately 6 hours rapid assay, respectively. The range of variations in MICs estimated from the diameter of inhibition zone by the disc test was then calculated in comparison with that in MIC determined by the 2-fold agar dilution assays, as reference for the experimental errors which may be involved in the estimation of MIC of AMPC by the single-disc assay. PMID- 6569088 TI - [Significance of reconstruction of a nursing scene using the process record: a method for self-evaluation]. PMID- 6569089 TI - [Re-evaluation of midwifery nursing using a process record]. PMID- 6569090 TI - [Comments on the report by Ms. Naniwa on reconstruction of a nursing scene by process records]. PMID- 6569091 TI - [Perinatal care and patients' postures during delivery]. PMID- 6569092 TI - [On legislative revisions of the nursing system]. PMID- 6569093 TI - [Evaluation of shampooing in the early puerperal period]. PMID- 6569094 TI - [Use of Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment in planning care for patients and newborns]. PMID- 6569095 TI - [My point of view: the real purpose of training in breast feeding]. PMID- 6569096 TI - [Learning from veteran midwives. 1. Ms. Fumi Takizawa of Tsuruga City: a 50-year career in midwifery. Interview by H. Suganuma]. PMID- 6569097 TI - [A thought on the scene of midwifery education]. PMID- 6569098 TI - [Clinical pharmacology for midwives. 8. Chronotocology. 1]. PMID- 6569099 TI - [Report on the 7th International Symposium of Perinatology]. PMID- 6569100 TI - [Nursing diagnosis. 20. Thoughts on nursing diagnosis]. PMID- 6569101 TI - [Reevaluation of daily care. 35. Reconsideration of the meaning of visitors to patients and their families]. PMID- 6569102 TI - [Care of decubitus ulcer as a basic model of nursing]. PMID- 6569103 TI - [Importance of basic nursing in the care of the aged patient with decubitus ulcer]. PMID- 6569104 TI - [Nursing of aged patients with severe decubitus ulcers]. PMID- 6569105 TI - [Prevention of decubitus ulcer in postoperative patients who are incapable of position change]. PMID- 6569106 TI - [Questions on the care of decubitus ulcer of a patient in the terminal stage of cancer]. PMID- 6569107 TI - [Care of refractory decubitus ulcers in patients with spinal cord injuries]. PMID- 6569108 TI - [Care of decubitus ulcer at home by visiting nurses]. PMID- 6569109 TI - [Survey on decubitus ulcer: a survey through the member hospitals and clinics of the Japanese Association of Private Medicine]. PMID- 6569111 TI - [Home nursing. 9. The past year's experience in the care of an aged couple]. PMID- 6569110 TI - [Bedside nursing. A summer camp for hemophilia patients and their families: evaluation of the role of nursing based on the results of the test on self education]. PMID- 6569112 TI - [Monologue by a nursing director: charm of small islands]. PMID- 6569113 TI - [A chosen mother: life with a handicapped child. 11]. PMID- 6569114 TI - [Clinical study of pain. 7. Psychology of pain. 1]. PMID- 6569115 TI - [Physical training at a home for the aged. 7. A question on the professional nature of the service and the daily activities of patients]. PMID- 6569116 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 8. Practice of continued nursing]. PMID- 6569117 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 10. The roots and overview of family planning]. PMID- 6569118 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Yoshiko Chinen who is engaged in the care of leprosy patients in Okinawa]. PMID- 6569119 TI - [Care of the aged in the United States. 11. Home hospice programs at Dallas, Nyack, and San Francisco]. PMID- 6569120 TI - [Nursing management in the United States]. PMID- 6569121 TI - [Artificial organs. 12--On the latest technology. The future of artificial organs: an interview with Dr. Tetsuzo Akutsu, Assistant director of the National Center for cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6569122 TI - [Nursing diagnosis. 21. Learning from many valuable publications]. PMID- 6569123 TI - ["Check it up": pain--reevaluation of routine care. 36. Understanding of pain suffered by others: difficulty in unconditional acceptance of pain]. PMID- 6569124 TI - [Causes for sudden increases in the incidence of lung cancer and its prevention]. PMID- 6569125 TI - [Pathology and treatment of lung cancer]. PMID- 6569126 TI - [Involvement of nurses in the dying process of patients--nursing of a distressed patient with lung cancer who was aware of the nature of his illness]. PMID- 6569127 TI - [The last 2 years of my father's life--his struggle with lung cancer]. PMID- 6569128 TI - [Nursing interactions with lung-cancer patients. A review of interactions with an aged patient who reported acute respiratory difficulties and sought relief from pain]. PMID- 6569129 TI - [Interactions with lung-cancer patients. Nursing of a patient with interstitial pneumonia caused by radiotherapy]. PMID- 6569130 TI - [Interactions with lung cancer patients. Nursing of a patient with postoperative recurrence of cancer and physical pain]. PMID- 6569131 TI - [Male nurses--their activities and ideas. Discussion]. PMID- 6569133 TI - [A monologue by a nursing supervisor. Interaction with water]. PMID- 6569132 TI - [Report on home nursing. 10. Health care services for the aged and the practice of home nursing]. PMID- 6569134 TI - [A chosen mother: life with a handicapped child. 12. A positive attitude toward the future]. PMID- 6569135 TI - [Clinical description of pain. 8. Psychology of pain. (2)]. PMID- 6569136 TI - [From the physical therapy section of a home for the aged. 8. Individuals, families, and society: the "bedridden" state and human relations]. PMID- 6569137 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 11. Nursing as a profession]. PMID- 6569138 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Keiko Ishimori, a head nurse, Yodogawa Christian Hospital Hospice]. PMID- 6569139 TI - [Observations on the care of the aged in the United States. 12. Management of demented patients: at Ann Arbor, Costa Mesa, and Chicago]. PMID- 6569140 TI - [The nursing system in the United States: hospitals without personal attendants]. PMID- 6569141 TI - [Intracranial hemorrhages and their management]. PMID- 6569142 TI - [Treatment of traumatic massive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6569143 TI - [Genital bleeding and its management]. PMID- 6569144 TI - [Control of bleeding during surgery]. PMID- 6569146 TI - [Care of hemorrhagic shock]. PMID- 6569145 TI - [Hemorrhagic diathesis of DIC and its management]. PMID- 6569147 TI - [Current management of hemorrhagic disorders]. PMID- 6569148 TI - [Nursing standards for patients with excessive bleeding]. PMID- 6569149 TI - [Management of blood in the emergency department]. PMID- 6569150 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with bleeding in the terminal stage]. PMID- 6569151 TI - [The effect of continuous infusion of calcium to the CRF patient in hypotension and nursing care]. PMID- 6569152 TI - [Treatment of shock due to acute burn]. PMID- 6569153 TI - [Laser therapy of nasal allergy]. PMID- 6569154 TI - [Surgical therapy of obesity]. PMID- 6569155 TI - [Campylobacter infection]. PMID- 6569156 TI - [Management of skin trouble in ostomy care]. PMID- 6569157 TI - [Complications in enterostomy patients: classification, etiology and treatment]. PMID- 6569158 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in the acute myocardial patient at positioning]. PMID- 6569160 TI - [Commentary; the process of instrument development for a tool to measure social support]. PMID- 6569161 TI - [Commentary; the developing process of the Japanese translation of the "Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire"]. PMID- 6569159 TI - [Crisis influence to the patient in sudden blindness]. PMID- 6569162 TI - [Commentary; on the instrument in psychology]. PMID- 6569163 TI - [Improving the quality of nursing research in practice]. PMID- 6569164 TI - [On the influence of the patient's physical factors upon nursing behavior]. PMID- 6569165 TI - [The influence of patient's physical factors upon nursing behavior. Discussion]. PMID- 6569167 TI - [Where should isolation stop?]. PMID- 6569166 TI - [An instrument for theory and research development using behavioral system models for nursing: the cancer patient (II)]. PMID- 6569168 TI - [The approach to English monographs. Unraveling the arrangement of data]. PMID- 6569169 TI - [Main field of my research activities (I). Psychological preparation for minor surgery in childhood]. PMID- 6569170 TI - [On the teaching process and dropout by nursing students: the depth of interactions between instructors and students]. PMID- 6569171 TI - [Modern characteristics of students and educational interactions with instructors]. PMID- 6569172 TI - [Need for emotional involvement in clinical training]. PMID- 6569173 TI - [Suggestions on the teaching method in the use of literature in nursing education]. PMID- 6569175 TI - [Designing a nursing curriculum with a certain latitude: a report from the third meeting of the New Nursing Curriculum Committee, Medical Technology Colleges, National Universities]. PMID- 6569174 TI - [Report on the seminar on the question of "life and death."]. PMID- 6569176 TI - [Research on nursing technology: operating room nursing (7). Recovery room nursing: respiratory care (2)]. PMID- 6569177 TI - [On nursing education. 29. Hospital-affiliated nursing schools in the United States]. PMID- 6569178 TI - [Methodology and objectives in nursing education: for solutions to problems in teaching. Statement of educational objectives]. PMID- 6569179 TI - [Children who do not know Florence Nightingale: teaching of nursing history at a nursing school]. PMID- 6569180 TI - [On continuing nursing education: discussion]. PMID- 6569181 TI - [Usefulness of study subjects in basic nursing education: evaluation by students and future expectation]. PMID- 6569182 TI - [Theoretical analysis of shaving: an attempt at scientific design of teaching]. PMID- 6569183 TI - [On nursing education. 30. Nursing education at universities]. PMID- 6569184 TI - [Methods and problems in nursing education: solution of problems at the educational scene. 6. Two types of surveys: clarification of emotional goals]. PMID- 6569185 TI - Comparison of kinins derived from rat stomach tissue and produced by catheptic enzyme in rat stomach. AB - Four uterine-contractile substances (a, b, c and d) and three uterine-contractile substances (a', c' and d') were obtained from the reaction mixture of rat plasma kininogen with the kinin-forming enzyme in rat stomach and the homogenate of the rat stomach with 0.2% acetic acid, respectively. By high performance liquid chromatography with a Zorbax ODS reversed-phase column, the retention times of materials a, c and d were found to be equal to those of materials a', c' and d', and they were not equal to those of kallidin, methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin (MLBK) and bradykinin (BK). The retention time of material b was equal to that of BK. The uterine-contractile activities of the materials a, b, c, d, a', c' and d' were all abolished by chymotrypsin, but not by trypsin treatment. These materials all relaxed the isolated rat duodenum in the presence of atropine, dibenamine, diphenhydramine and propranolol, and they produced a fall in rabbit blood pressure after administration of atropine, dibenamine and propranolol. The content ratios of a: b: c: d and a': c': d' were 4: 4: 67: 25 and 65: 19: 16, respectively, as calculated from the uterine-contractile activities of these materials. PMID- 6569186 TI - [Pleasure in encounters with people]. PMID- 6569187 TI - [Unforgettable people and incidents--recording of details not expressed by figures]. PMID- 6569188 TI - [Togetherness with the local inhabitants]. PMID- 6569189 TI - [Rating the self-regulatory nature of an organization in the evaluation of its activities--the use of ordinary data in the evaluation]. PMID- 6569190 TI - [Encounters at the Saturday meetings]. PMID- 6569191 TI - [Public health nursing activities--a boy called M]. PMID- 6569192 TI - [10 years of public health activities in Tsushima]. PMID- 6569193 TI - [Family relationship affecting the psychophysical conditions of aged, bedridden patients at home]. PMID- 6569194 TI - [Determination of health needs by home visiting and regional public health activity plans based on the data derived from the visits]. PMID- 6569195 TI - [Re-evaluation of a routine activity (physical examination of 3-year-olds) in regional health services. 2. Results of realistic evaluation and a learning experience]. PMID- 6569196 TI - [Effects of health instructions in ambulatory care of asthmatic children: with special reference to changes in patients' behaviors in accepting medical care]. PMID- 6569198 TI - [Nursing of aged patients who are living alone--experiences in home nursing]. PMID- 6569197 TI - [Organization and evaluation of the "group for weight reduction with fun", an effective health education program for improvement of life styles]. PMID- 6569199 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Public health nursing activities with a focus on people. Achievements by Ms. Harue Mizuta (Shiga Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569200 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). An example of true professionalism. Ms. Mitsue Nishio (Wakayama Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569201 TI - [Postwar achievement of public nurses (2). An organization called "Aiiku Committee" for citizens' participation. Ms. Natsuko Konishi (Okayama Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569202 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Individual care of citizens as the starting point of the service. Ms. Asae Kaname (Kagawa Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569203 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Unconditional trust by inhabitants. Ms. Kiyoko Uchiyama (Tokushima Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569204 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Affection toward the people as the basis of the service. Ms. Sjogeko Yoshioka (Kochi Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569205 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Overwhelming passion and pride in the profession. Ms. Satsuki Maeda (Kochi Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569206 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Constant interest in learning Ms. Sayo Yamada (Saga Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569207 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Service with an open dialogue with people. Ms. Mitsu Takashiro (Nagasaki Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569208 TI - [Postwar achievement of public health nurses (2). Unlimited possibilities of the profession. Ms. Yoshiko Wada (Miyazaki Prefecture)]. PMID- 6569209 TI - [Proposal to establish a "natural history of care" in public health nursing with a focus on the nursing scene: a supplementary concept to the "natural history of diseases"]. PMID- 6569210 TI - [Current status of a nursing course at a 2-year college]. PMID- 6569211 TI - [Future problems in public health nursing education (2). Advantages and disadvantages of a public health nursing course in a 2-year college]. PMID- 6569212 TI - [Effect of elastase and its inhibitors on the mechanism of development of various pulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6569213 TI - Sexual and psychological implications of gynecologic malignancy. AB - The sexual implications of gynecologic malignancy are best understood by asking, and answering, the following three questions. What is the psychological effect on the woman? What is the physiological effect on the woman? What is the psychological effect on the partner? The psychological effect of the cancer on the woman is primarily determined by whether the malignancy is primary, recurrent, or terminal; the primary physiological determinants are whether the treatment is with surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. The partner can be affected psychologically by all six of the variables. Preoperative knowledge of the woman's sexual history may influence subsequent treatments. PMID- 6569215 TI - Puerperal change. PMID- 6569214 TI - Intensity of jogging. Relationship with menstrual/reproductive variables. AB - The relationship between intensity of jogging and various menstrual/reproductive factors in women were investigated. Data were collected by questionnaire from 319 women who participated in a running event that included both a 6.2-mile (10 K) run and a 26.2-mile marathon in northeastern Ohio. Findings reaffirmed the notion that scant menstrual flow, skipped menses, and menstrual irregularity are significantly related to the intensity of jogging; age at menarche, infertility, and uterine prolapse were not. Thirty-two percent of the women felt that jogging decreased their menstrual discomfort, and 44% reported better jogging performance right after or between menstrual periods. PMID- 6569216 TI - Premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 6569217 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 13]. PMID- 6569218 TI - [Nursing diagnosis (3)]. PMID- 6569219 TI - [Concepts for the future: competition and substitution]. PMID- 6569220 TI - [Comprehensive care built around nursing can keep the elderly at home]. PMID- 6569221 TI - [Nursing legislation--to know more about the laws concerning public health nurses, midwives and nurses--Medical and Health Workers' Committee, Sub-committee on PHNs, Nurses and midwives]. PMID- 6569222 TI - [Study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing]. PMID- 6569223 TI - [Health problems of school children and role of the school nurse]. PMID- 6569224 TI - [School nursing--what is expected of a school health nurse. Round-table talk: current status of school nursing]. PMID- 6569225 TI - [School health at a private junior/senior high school with dormitory]. PMID- 6569226 TI - [School health as a part of community health services]. PMID- 6569227 TI - [School nurse--how do we differ from our US colleagues?]. PMID- 6569228 TI - [Developing role of school nursing]. PMID- 6569229 TI - [Developing role of school nursing]. PMID- 6569230 TI - [Teaching poetry at nursing school--for imagination training. 8]. PMID- 6569231 TI - [Aiko Ohira, a practicing midwife who opened a mother-baby counseling room to promote breast feeding]. PMID- 6569232 TI - [Spotlight: Azusa Miyako, a midwifery student who tries to explore sexual problems for females]. PMID- 6569233 TI - [Medical topics: sexual maturity and melatonin; Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 6569234 TI - [Life at the Minnesota University School of Nursing. 14]. PMID- 6569236 TI - [Study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan]. PMID- 6569235 TI - [Nursing diagnosis (4)]. PMID- 6569237 TI - [The activities & prospects of nurses as primary health care providers for community health in Korea]. PMID- 6569238 TI - [Working as a volunteer in a Canadian hospital]. PMID- 6569239 TI - [Teaching poetry at the nursing school--for better imagination. 9]. PMID- 6569241 TI - [Life at Minnesota University School of Nursing. 15]. PMID- 6569240 TI - [Nursing as image. From patient and family's point of view: have better understanding of patients]. PMID- 6569242 TI - [Nursing diagnosis (5)]. PMID- 6569243 TI - [Nursing legislation: administrative disposition]. PMID- 6569244 TI - [Nursing as image. From nurse's husband's point of view: nurse as mother and wife]. PMID- 6569246 TI - [Nursing as image. From nurses' point of view: nursing for assisting, encouraging and comforting]. PMID- 6569245 TI - [Study on the social status of nurses in the modern history of nursing in Japan]. PMID- 6569247 TI - [Nursing as image. From co-workers point of view: helping hands]. PMID- 6569248 TI - [Nursing as image. From patient and family's point of view: be an attractive person]. PMID- 6569249 TI - [Nursing as image. From co-workers point of view: nurses as partners]. PMID- 6569250 TI - [Nursing as image. From people's point of view: writer]. PMID- 6569251 TI - [Nursing as image. From people's point of view: journalism]. PMID- 6569252 TI - [Nursing as image. From people's point of view: critics]. PMID- 6569253 TI - [Nursing as image. From people's point of view: sociologist]. PMID- 6569254 TI - [Nursing as a metaphor]. PMID- 6569256 TI - [Spotlight: Maya Yamazaki, winner of a literary magazine award for her nonfiction on visiting nursing activity]. PMID- 6569255 TI - [Teaching poetry at nursing school--for better imagination. 10]. PMID- 6569257 TI - Emotional aspects of the nurse/client relationship; implications for preparing students in sexual knowledge and attitude. PMID- 6569258 TI - Self care agency and spouses/companions of alcoholics. PMID- 6569259 TI - Enhancing hospital nurses' response to challenge by matching with work environments. PMID- 6569260 TI - Locus of control perceptions of nurse employees of community health agencies and hospitals. PMID- 6569261 TI - Nurses sue hospital to get jobs back. PMID- 6569262 TI - No peers in my sphere. PMID- 6569263 TI - [The blood kallikrein-kinin system after pancreatoduodenal resections]. PMID- 6569265 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration: staffing]. PMID- 6569264 TI - [Kallikrein-kinin, fibrinolytic and coagulation systems of the blood of patients with salmonellosis treated with indomethacin]. PMID- 6569266 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration: calculation of nursing personnel]. PMID- 6569267 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration: personnel rating]. PMID- 6569268 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration: job analysis]. PMID- 6569269 TI - [Health assessment of the infant]. PMID- 6569270 TI - [Seminar on nursing administration: personnel policy]. PMID- 6569271 TI - [Health assessment of pregnancy]. PMID- 6569272 TI - [A study on the nursing educational system and nursing curriculum]. PMID- 6569273 TI - A nutrition curriculum for health education: its effect on students' knowledge, attitude, and behavior. AB - The objective of the study was to determine the effect of nutrition instruction, using the curriculum guides, Nutrition In A Changing World, A Curriculum for Junior High Health, and A Curriculum for Senior High Health, on improving the nutrition knowledge, selected food/nutrition attitudes, and dietary behavior of students enrolled in secondary level health courses. Three groups of students were utilized including one experimental and two control groups at each level (junior high and senior high). The experimental group was pretested, taught the nutrition curriculum, and posttested. One control group was posttested only to measure the effect of the pretest on posttest performance. A second control group was pretested and posttested. Neither control group received nutrition instruction until after the study was completed. The three instruments used to collect data were a nutrition knowledge test, a food/nutrition attitude instrument, and a food frequency form. The results indicate that, at all grade levels, the experimental group had significantly improved knowledge scores. Little change in attitude scale scores was noted in grades seven and eight, while ninth grade experimental students scored significantly higher on the posttest for all attitude scales. Little improvement was seen in the posttest food frequency scores. PMID- 6569274 TI - Managing maladaptive behavior in ill children through family interventions. AB - The stress associated with a child's illness may result in a variety of maladaptive reactions. The family is in a position to support or sabotage the best efforts of the health care professional. The school nurse as part of a team including counselors, teachers, and administrators can assist the family in following treatment directives and in gaining control over stress-related behavioral problems. Criteria to enable discrimination between functional and dysfunctional families and brief interventions for use with functional families are described. PMID- 6569275 TI - Facilitating a self-care practicum experience in consumer health education. AB - There has been an increasing public interest in health care issues such as wellness, self-care, and the importance of taking personal responsibility for one's health. In addition to learning preventive health lifestyle measures, this growing consumer interest involves decisions regarding the purchase and use of health products and health services. There is a significant need for effective consumer health education in the schools that focuses not only on transmission of information, but on the development of decision-making skills and on opportunities for practical application. This paper describes an approach to facilitate the development of a self-care practicum experience in consumer health instruction, making use of the resources and expertise of both the school health educator and the school nurse. The approach describes how a planned practicum can move consumer instruction from an information-receiving experience to a participatory experience that facilitates the development of consumer decision making skills. PMID- 6569276 TI - Microcomputers in health education: characteristics of quality instructional software. AB - The potential effectiveness of microcomputer-assisted instruction is based on the availability of quality instructional programs. The following article outlines important characteristics of high quality instructional software. If health educators are discriminating consumers of instructional software they will serve as a significant market force promoting the development of high quality educational programs. PMID- 6569277 TI - A survey of elementary school health education in West Virginia. AB - The Elementary School Health Education Survey was conducted to determine the health knowledge, health practices, and awareness of the consequences of health behavior of selected elementary school students in West Virginia. An 80-item, multiple-choice inventory was developed to collect student data, and a questionnaire-checklist was employed for each classroom teacher whose students participated in the survey. The survey involved 1,441 students from 85 classrooms in 35 schools. The results indicated a need for mandated health instruction as part of the elementary school curriculum and a need for graduate course work in Health Education for elementary school teachers. PMID- 6569278 TI - An exploration of health counseling and goal attainment scaling in health education programs. AB - This paper presents findings of an experimental study to test the effects of health counseling with seventh and eighth grade students (N = 32). Goal attainment scaling was used to monitor changes in health behavior during a 10 week period with each student meeting with a health counselor five times during the study. A pretest/posttest, repeated measures design with experimental and control groups was used to evaluate the influence of health counseling. The results revealed a significant increase in goal attainment scaling scores (F = 4.96). Health behaviors influenced were exercise and nutrition. There also was a significant increase in self-esteem (F = 8.42) and home-esteem (F = 4.24). The utilization of health counseling appears to be an attractive educational strategy to enhance the effectiveness of classroom instruction. PMID- 6569279 TI - The Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, student health fair: an impetus for learning. AB - Earle Brown School, Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, was the site of a health fair. Students, teachers, parents, agencies, and health professionals worked cooperatively to provide health information activities and screening opportunities for fair participants. Brooklyn Center's Health Fair created an awareness of health promotion for the entire community. The purpose was to present the district's newly revised school health education curriculum to stimulate positive community focus on health. Student involvement was integral in every facet of the fair from planning events to presenting health information. A sense of pride and ownership developed as students assumed responsibility for carrying out activities. Enthusiasm for participation was evident as 50% of the 1,300 students within the district were active in the fair. An enhanced self concept on the part of the students was facilitated through active participation, and increased awareness of positive health behaviors and healthy lifestyles resulted. A spirit of cooperation between school, community, and agencies was strengthened leading to continued support for the goals of the new school health curriculum. PMID- 6569280 TI - American health education as seen from England. PMID- 6569281 TI - Factors related to the health knowledge and health behavior of disadvantaged black youth. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between various factors and the health knowledge and health behavior of disadvantaged black youth. Disadvantaged black male and female youths, age 12 to 17, were surveyed regarding their health knowledge, health locus of control, and health practices. Results of the data analyses using an ANOVA revealed significant differences for scores on the health knowledge test due to sex, age, and health locus of control. Females had higher test means than males, older students had higher knowledge scores than did younger students, and internally-oriented students had higher knowledge scores than did externally-oriented students. No significant interaction was found. An ANOVA on behavior scores revealed a sex by locus of control interaction. Male externals had much lower behavior scores than female externals. A significant interaction also was found between age and health locus of control. Older externals had significantly higher behavior scores than younger externals. Implications for health educators and nurse educators are discussed. PMID- 6569282 TI - A study of the consumer health interests of selected college students. AB - This study was part of a more extensive project begun in 1981 to update the "Student Self-Appraisal Inventory of Interests and Estimated Knowledge in Major Health Education Areas." Items included in this study were obtained from the original health interest inventory, from a review of health education literature published between 1976-1981 in health education texts and in the Journal of School Health and Health Education, and from comments received from a panel of 16 health education specialists. This project reports on the components of study specifically related to consumer health education. The data were collected from 296 subjects enrolled in elective personal health classes at a southeastern university during spring, 1983, using the revised Health Interest Inventory. PMID- 6569283 TI - Operationalizing the concept of sexuality comfort: applications for sexuality educators. AB - Thirty-two high school and college educators participated in a study designed to operationalize the concept of sexuality comfort. Research questions asked were: "What is the nature of sexuality comfort?" and "Can the concept, of sexuality comfort be defined operationally?" An interview guide developed with input from an expert panel of health/sexuality educators and semanticists facilitated data collection. Data were categorized and tabulated through a systematic process. This coding process, performed by independent coders, yielded 97.2% reliability. Based on the results, an operational definition of sexuality comfort was delineated. Because an operational definition is one which tells what to do to experience the thing defined, the operational definition of sexuality comfort has immediate practical applications to preparation programs for prospective sexuality educators as well as those currently working in the field. PMID- 6569284 TI - Normative beliefs of school children concerning regular exercise. AB - The main purpose of the study was to examine societal norms toward exercise as perceived by school children. To this end, the normative beliefs of specific referents (parents, teachers, and friends) and the motivation to comply with the beliefs of these specific referents were measured in 698 students of both sexes attending grades seven-nine. Results indicated major changes in both normative beliefs and motivation to comply with "significant others" as the children move from grade seven to nine. There also were substantial differences between the results for active and sedentary children. Teachers seem to provide a stable norm, less influenced by the age, sex, and level of physical activity of the student. PMID- 6569285 TI - The delivery of primary health care in American public schools, 1890-1980. AB - There is considerable concern in the United States today about the health of this nation's school children. Various plans, including the direct delivery of primary health care in the public schools, are being suggested. School health care in the United States traditionally has stressed health inspection, assessment, and first aid. However, school health programs that delivered primary health care, including dental care, always have existed, though they represented a distinctly minority tradition. Since the 1960s, the number and scope of these programs have expanded. At the present time new approaches to delivering primary health care in the public schools are being attempted. Other proposals are emerging from the federal government and from private foundations. PMID- 6569286 TI - Organizational and health manifestations of teacher stress: a preliminary report on the Buffalo Teacher Stress Intervention Project. AB - In an attempt to develop long-term stress management contingencies, four Buffalo City Elementary Schools were assessed on perceptions of organizational stress, personal manifestations, and health status. Relationships that were observed supported theoretical concepts of organizational stress, and supported the need for intervention within teacher populations. Organizational and promotional strategies to enhance participant involvement are discussed. PMID- 6569287 TI - Pulmonary rehabilitation--phase I: a multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 6569288 TI - Legal issues of nursing practice. PMID- 6569289 TI - Buying a computer. Part II. PMID- 6569291 TI - [Introduction of theories into nursing administration (5)]. PMID- 6569290 TI - [Dialogue of a biologist and a cultural anthropologist]. PMID- 6569292 TI - [Progressive learning of nursing of DM patients]. PMID- 6569293 TI - [Survey on leisure of nursing students in junior college]. PMID- 6569294 TI - [Planning of hospital wards from the perspective of nursing]. PMID- 6569295 TI - [Planning of wards in hospital]. PMID- 6569296 TI - [Nurse's expectation about the planning of hospital wards]. PMID- 6569297 TI - [The forms of hospital wards and their problems]. PMID- 6569298 TI - [Human factors approach for improvement of hospitals]. PMID- 6569299 TI - [Student nurses' image of the aged]. PMID- 6569300 TI - One latency-age child's coping with hospitalization. AB - The hospitalized, chronically ill child in this study was able to secure gratification and emotional support from her environment, was able to use her cognitive ability to solve problems and gather needed information, and was able to utilize defense mechanisms to ward off anxiety until she could develop her coping strategy. The successful application of her coping strategy enabled her to achieve a degree of mastery in some of the hospitalization experiences. Throughout the hospitalization and treatment of this child there was no day during which she used her coping methods in the same sequential pattern. Instead, the coping methods varied with the stressful situation. The variety of coping methods used, the flexibility exercised, and ability to secure gratification assisted this child in coping and achieving mastery. PMID- 6569301 TI - Genetics in basic nursing program curricula: a national survey. PMID- 6569302 TI - Cultural group indicators of pain in children. PMID- 6569303 TI - President's address at the MNA Convention. PMID- 6569304 TI - Nurses in politics: personal versus professional. PMID- 6569305 TI - Shaping a "real" television image: responses and recommendations from nurses to NBC. PMID- 6569306 TI - President's report as presented to the 1984 House of Delegates. PMID- 6569307 TI - Cancer--do we care about prevention? PMID- 6569308 TI - The NHS and local authorities: joint planning at the crossroads. 2. PMID- 6569309 TI - Why teach sociology to midwives? PMID- 6569311 TI - When your patients ask about the introduction of solids. PMID- 6569310 TI - Childhood obesity. PMID- 6569312 TI - The postnatal period, stress & the postnatal period. PMID- 6569313 TI - The "third day blues". PMID- 6569314 TI - A joint presentation: postnatal depression. PMID- 6569315 TI - A joint presentation: stress and the mother. PMID- 6569316 TI - Yesterday, today & tomorrow, in postnatal care. Dame Rosalind Paget Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6569317 TI - Progress in the '80s. PMID- 6569318 TI - Placentophagy. PMID- 6569319 TI - Anderson addresses House at MNA 71st annual convention. PMID- 6569320 TI - Assertion training for chronic mental patients: implications for nursing practice. PMID- 6569321 TI - The deck is stacked--who is dealing. PMID- 6569322 TI - Sometimes nurses need help too! PMID- 6569323 TI - [Tolerable and intolerable side effects of antibiotic therapy]. AB - Frequently side effects of drugs are the reason for hospital admission. According to various studies 8-35% of drugs have side effects, which may be more acceptable in the context of serious disease than milder illnesses or situations where drugs are not really necessary. Side effects are seen independently of dosage, often with dosages too low to be effective. Since antibiotic therapy is widely used in children side effects are often seen. There are allergic or immunoreactive reactions of the immediate and delayed type, metabolic and neural or neurohormonal disturbances, built-up of resistant organisms or selection of unusual bacteria, finally there is local damage due to the technique of application here not discussed in detail. The antibiotics are classified according to the type and frequency of side effects: Cephalosporine and Penicillin - allergic and neurotoxic reactions. Tetracycline - chelating agent, photosensitivity. Chloramphenicol - bone marrow depression. Aminoglycoside - oto- and nephrotoxicity. Macrolid antibiotics e.g. streptomycin - cholostasis. Lincomycin - enterocolitis. Sulfonamides - allergic reactions. How compliance with consequent irregularity of drug intake frequently causes ineffectiveness of therapy, the most common side effect. PMID- 6569325 TI - Formula for success: a company of nurse entrepreneurs. PMID- 6569324 TI - Yuppie governance: the impending boomer boomerang. PMID- 6569326 TI - Nursing economics: PSROs to PROs. PMID- 6569327 TI - Professional membership recruitment: a marketing approach. PMID- 6569328 TI - Exploring the concept of enterprise. PMID- 6569329 TI - Program budgeting in home care agencies. PMID- 6569330 TI - Confidentiality in health care: a decrepit concept? PMID- 6569332 TI - Status of recent nursing litigation. PMID- 6569331 TI - Year-end tax planning strategies. PMID- 6569333 TI - Resumes: opening the door. PMID- 6569334 TI - ENB show decreases in nurses training as health visitors. Fears for future of community care. PMID- 6569335 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Commitment. PMID- 6569336 TI - Accountability and health visiting--bedevilled by confusions and conflict. PMID- 6569337 TI - Briggs went wrong in not recognising the nurse was capable of change. PMID- 6569338 TI - Commons debates the Warnock Report. PMID- 6569339 TI - Evidence to the Review Body. PMID- 6569340 TI - Staff side evidence presses for 'a substantial uplift in the general level of salaries'. PMID- 6569342 TI - College evidence calls for 'immediate and significant pay increases'. PMID- 6569341 TI - Staff side evidence argues that a twenty per cent rise is needed to bridge the gap. PMID- 6569343 TI - The individual accountability of the nurse for the standard and outcome of her decision making. PMID- 6569344 TI - Chinese guests impressed by training. PMID- 6569346 TI - Nurses' pay case clearly set out. PMID- 6569345 TI - College welcomes UKCC stance. PMID- 6569347 TI - Managers express deep concern about the future of psychiatric nursing following Griffiths Report. PMID- 6569348 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Fair chance. PMID- 6569350 TI - What we can do with general management. PMID- 6569349 TI - A clearer picture of the views held by this year's student representative. PMID- 6569351 TI - College 'looks forward to meeting' new chairman of the NHS Management Board. PMID- 6569352 TI - 'Health promotion at work'--OH conference. PMID- 6569353 TI - Royal College of Nursing. Useful present. PMID- 6569354 TI - Nurses may be the natural successors of health service administrators. PMID- 6569355 TI - Where is the simple idea that will make us care about the elderly. PMID- 6569356 TI - Cervical screening. PMID- 6569357 TI - The invaluable role pets play. PMID- 6569359 TI - Racial inequality and the probability of occupation-related injury or illness. AB - Public policies aimed at reducing occupational injury and illness are uncoordinated--and often at odds--with those aimed at reducing racial inequality in employment. Several dimensions of discrimination and job quality are examined empirically; the average black worker is at a 37 to 52 percent greater health risk than is the average white worker. Health policy and industrial relations policy must be coordinated if equality is to be achieved. PMID- 6569358 TI - Nursing intervention in grief resolution. PMID- 6569360 TI - Consensus management in the British National Health Service: implications for the United States? AB - Most operational services within the reorganized British National Health Service are managed by local teams: medical specialist, general practitioner, nurse, administrator, and finance officer. Decision by consensus has worked well to integrate services in a complex and fiscally constrained system. As larger and more formal systems of health care emerge in the United States, the British experience may be relevant. PMID- 6569361 TI - Funding for FY 1985: authorization bill dies, but appropriations are up. PMID- 6569363 TI - Planning and implementing computer learning in a department of nursing. PMID- 6569362 TI - Development of a computer resources facility. PMID- 6569364 TI - A computer program to test drug dosage calculation abilities. PMID- 6569365 TI - Clinical continuing education for nurse educators and administrators. PMID- 6569366 TI - The bridge course: transition to professional practice. PMID- 6569367 TI - Accreditation: one measure of quality. PMID- 6569368 TI - Students' questions about sexuality: implications for nurse educators. PMID- 6569369 TI - Six easy steps to publishing. PMID- 6569371 TI - Animal-assisted therapy. PMID- 6569370 TI - The teaching of psychomotor skills in nursing. PMID- 6569372 TI - Essential resources for developing a doctoral program in nursing. PMID- 6569373 TI - Pain--some principles of management. PMID- 6569374 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis--a systemic disease. PMID- 6569375 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis--fundamental nursing care. PMID- 6569376 TI - Juvenile arthritis--the 'whole child' approach. PMID- 6569377 TI - Occupational therapy and the nurse. PMID- 6569378 TI - Social and emotional aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6569379 TI - Patient education and self-management. PMID- 6569380 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis--a personal account. PMID- 6569382 TI - Physiotherapeutic measures. PMID- 6569381 TI - Maintaining mobility and independence. PMID- 6569383 TI - Pain--a different approach. PMID- 6569384 TI - [Health care for the public. A new approach is required]. PMID- 6569385 TI - [Nursing leadership. Foundations of the movement towards primary health care]. PMID- 6569386 TI - [Health: child's play]. PMID- 6569387 TI - "Health for all in the year 2000". Is it really our business? PMID- 6569388 TI - [A question of survival]. PMID- 6569389 TI - Continuing follow up of patients in a psychiatric setting. PMID- 6569390 TI - [The people have something to say...]. PMID- 6569391 TI - [Group action: a solution to social injustice]. PMID- 6569392 TI - [Primary health care in the workplace]. PMID- 6569393 TI - [Standards and criteria of competence in community health. One stage cleared]. PMID- 6569394 TI - [Primary health care...an idea to interpret]. PMID- 6569395 TI - RN advocate and the law. PMID- 6569396 TI - Incidents: acuity counts, too. PMID- 6569397 TI - Incident reporting: the cornerstone of risk management. PMID- 6569398 TI - Do patients learn what nurses say they teach? PMID- 6569399 TI - Care plan for retaining the new nurse. PMID- 6569400 TI - Costing and charging: pricing care in OB. PMID- 6569401 TI - Employee discharge: it depends.... PMID- 6569402 TI - Pinning the tale on the NLRB. PMID- 6569403 TI - Screening for colorectal cancer. PMID- 6569404 TI - Who cares? PMID- 6569405 TI - Becoming fitter at work. PMID- 6569406 TI - Incapacity as a ground for dismissal. PMID- 6569407 TI - Management of change--2. PMID- 6569408 TI - Stress, working women, and an occupational stress model. PMID- 6569409 TI - Update: collaborative efforts between AAOHN and the National Cancer Institute. PMID- 6569410 TI - Design and implementation of a respiratory protection program. PMID- 6569411 TI - Healthy and unhealthy grief behaviors. PMID- 6569412 TI - High blood pressure control program--educational sessions: part II. PMID- 6569413 TI - An introduction to the principles of occupational ergonomics. PMID- 6569414 TI - Nutrition education at the workplace. PMID- 6569415 TI - Nursing ethics: dramatic issues and pragmatic concerns. PMID- 6569416 TI - What psychiatric and mental health nursing should be. PMID- 6569417 TI - Lebanon: a country in crisis. PMID- 6569418 TI - Nursing power: the political experience. PMID- 6569419 TI - Survey of potential doctoral students. PMID- 6569420 TI - Testimony before the Joint Interim Committee on Sunset Review relating to the Oregon State Board of Nursing. PMID- 6569421 TI - Reimbursement: a health care issue. PMID- 6569422 TI - Nurses encounter occupational hazards, too. PMID- 6569423 TI - Labor and delivery nurse identifies own risks. PMID- 6569424 TI - "1984 was a year of new beginnings," says PNA President in address to members. PMID- 6569425 TI - Nursing: a symbol of strength. PMID- 6569426 TI - Nursing care of the patient treated with continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty. PMID- 6569427 TI - Teenage thinking: implications for health care. PMID- 6569428 TI - PPA: an innocent over-the-counter drug? PMID- 6569429 TI - Stress reduction procedures for the school-age hospitalized leukemic child. PMID- 6569430 TI - Fluoride: too much or too little? PMID- 6569431 TI - State boards of nursing and medicine: views of NPs. PMID- 6569432 TI - Developing a nursing diagnosis classification system for PNPs. PMID- 6569433 TI - Identifying the sexually abused child. PMID- 6569434 TI - Pediatric drug information: new OTC drugs. PMID- 6569435 TI - Pediatric management problems: hemophilia A. PMID- 6569437 TI - Practice management: prepaid health care: niche or noose? PMID- 6569436 TI - Legal restrictions as a barrier to nurse practitioner role development. PMID- 6569438 TI - [Clinical evaluation of measurement of serum elastase 1 levels in pancreatic diseases. Including comparison with endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram]. PMID- 6569439 TI - Hospice: the nursing perspective. PMID- 6569441 TI - Hospice bereavement program: trends and issues. PMID- 6569440 TI - Volunteers. PMID- 6569442 TI - Current issues and future directions. PMID- 6569443 TI - Case example: home-health-agency-based hospice. PMID- 6569444 TI - Organization and administration. PMID- 6569445 TI - Case example: a community based hospice. PMID- 6569446 TI - Case example: merger of hospice and VNA. PMID- 6569447 TI - Case example: hospital-based hospice. PMID- 6569448 TI - The hospice team. PMID- 6569449 TI - Staffing and stress management. PMID- 6569450 TI - The role of the nurse. PMID- 6569452 TI - Fashioning the future. PMID- 6569451 TI - Lysine tRNA and cell division: a G1 cell cycle mutant is temperature sensitive for the modification of tRNA5Lys to tRNA4Lys. AB - Ts-694 is a temperature sensitive mutant of hamster cells which is blocked in the G1 phase of the cell cycle at the restrictive temperature of 39 degrees. A comparison of the Lys-tRNA isoacceptors by RPC-5 chromatography showed a decrease in tRNA5Lys and an increase in tRNA4Lys at 39 degrees. This was identical to the changes seen in confluent cultures at the permissive temperature of 33 degrees. These Lys-tRNA changes were not seen in ts-694 cells blocked in G1 by isoleucine deficiency, nor in two other G1 ts mutants at the restrictive temperature. Cells trapped in S phase by a thymidine block also contained decreased levels of tRNA4Lys when raised to 39 degrees. Both tRNA4Lys levels and cell division increased when the cells were returned to the permissive temperature. An in vitro assay was established for the modification of tRNA5Lys to tRNA4Lys with tRNA6Lys and tRNA2Lys as intermediates. The first reaction is the synthesis of tRNA6Lys which involves the introduction of a modified uridine at the third position of the anticodon. Extracts of 694 cells grown at 33 degrees were able to modify rat liver [3H] tRNA5Lys to tRNA6Lys and tRNA4Lys in vitro when assayed at 25 degrees but not at 39 degrees. Extracts of Balb/c 3T3 cells, however, were more active at 39 degrees than at 25 degrees showing that the normal enzyme is not temperature sensitive. Ts-694 cell tRNA, isolated from cells grown at 33 degrees was aminoacylated at both 25 degrees and 39 degrees with rat liver synthetases. tRNA4Lys was present at both temperatures indicating that ts-694 cells do not contain a temperature sensitive tRNA4Lys. PMID- 6569453 TI - Evaluation of family functioning: development and validation of a scale which measures family competence in matters of health (EFF). PMID- 6569454 TI - Cognitive dissonance: denial, self concepts and the alcoholic stereotype. PMID- 6569455 TI - Nontraditional clinical sites in baccalaureate nursing education. PMID- 6569456 TI - Research problems: objectivity. PMID- 6569457 TI - A stand on delivery. PMID- 6569458 TI - Big sister is watching you. PMID- 6569459 TI - Ten days of protest. PMID- 6569460 TI - Psychology in nursing. One. Striking it right. PMID- 6569461 TI - Endothelial sarcoma. PMID- 6569462 TI - Lessons for nurse tutors. PMID- 6569463 TI - The value of male nurses in maternity care. PMID- 6569464 TI - Nurses have needs too. Four. Helping nurses cope. Interview by Jill Moore. PMID- 6569465 TI - Nurses have needs, too. Five. Mind that child! PMID- 6569466 TI - Nurses have needs, too. Six. Oasis on Mondays. PMID- 6569467 TI - Why heart monitors need explaining. PMID- 6569468 TI - Industrial relations audit. Two. Disciplinary problems. PMID- 6569469 TI - Sources of good staff support. PMID- 6569470 TI - Systems of life No 119. Setting up the systems - 19. The adrenal (suprarenal) glands. PMID- 6569471 TI - Children's rights--and wrongs. PMID- 6569472 TI - The forgotten famine. PMID- 6569473 TI - Pre-menstrual tension: the nurse and the curse. PMID- 6569474 TI - Episiotomy in normal delivery. One. PMID- 6569475 TI - Back on the front line. PMID- 6569476 TI - Accounting for care. PMID- 6569477 TI - Living with death. PMID- 6569478 TI - Standards of care: you are what you wear. PMID- 6569480 TI - Education: learning through clinical practice. PMID- 6569479 TI - Health begins at school. PMID- 6569481 TI - The nursing officer at work. Two. Tried and tested. PMID- 6569482 TI - Mental Health Nursing Journal of the Psychiatric Nurses Association. Sitting target: special issue on drug abuse. PMID- 6569483 TI - Mental health nursing. Responding to problem drug users. PMID- 6569484 TI - Mental health nursing. Care in the community. PMID- 6569485 TI - Mental health nursing. Changes in drug dependency. PMID- 6569486 TI - Mental health nursing. Nursing our destiny. PMID- 6569487 TI - Incontinence in the elderly. Part three. Preventing the disability. PMID- 6569488 TI - Abbeystead: when disaster strikes. PMID- 6569489 TI - Health statistics: true confessions? PMID- 6569490 TI - Drug abuse: getting off and staying off. PMID- 6569492 TI - What's in a name? PMID- 6569491 TI - How drugs act. One. How drugs are absorbed and reach their destination. PMID- 6569493 TI - Cause for complaint. Five. Delay in A & E. PMID- 6569494 TI - Towards rapid tissue healing. PMID- 6569495 TI - Asian women's therapy. PMID- 6569496 TI - Talking among themselves. PMID- 6569497 TI - Quality circles. One. Something for everyone. PMID- 6569498 TI - Episiotomy in normal delivery. Two. Management of the perineum. PMID- 6569499 TI - A place for parents. PMID- 6569500 TI - Burn-out on the beat. PMID- 6569501 TI - Abolishing the myths about AIDS. PMID- 6569502 TI - Getting in training. PMID- 6569503 TI - Health department nursing officer. Interview by Laurence Dopson. PMID- 6569504 TI - Health services in Belfast. One. In a divided city. PMID- 6569505 TI - Health services in Belfast. Two. All in a day's work. PMID- 6569506 TI - Treating a colostomy wound. PMID- 6569507 TI - Quality circles. Two. Developing quality of care. PMID- 6569508 TI - Problems of the ward manager. Ten. An unexpected death. PMID- 6569509 TI - A short answer to long-term care. PMID- 6569510 TI - NT meets Nurse Nightshade. PMID- 6569511 TI - How drugs act. Two. Elimination and cumulation. PMID- 6569514 TI - Putting it into practice. PMID- 6569512 TI - M-C-Q tests: the past, the present and the furore. PMID- 6569513 TI - A setback for psychiatric nurse training? PMID- 6569515 TI - Sheffield: step forward or back? PMID- 6569516 TI - Quality assurance. Quality that counts. PMID- 6569517 TI - A chain of care. PMID- 6569518 TI - What price professionalism? The importance of being a nurse. PMID- 6569519 TI - Coping with sexuality. One. Unspoken anxieties. PMID- 6569520 TI - Coping with sexuality. Two. 'In a private place'. PMID- 6569521 TI - Models and theories. Four. Rogers' unitary field model. PMID- 6569522 TI - Health services in Belfast. Three. Home from home. PMID- 6569524 TI - How drugs act. Three. Side-effects. PMID- 6569523 TI - Health services in Belfast. Four. A move for the better. PMID- 6569525 TI - Quality circles. Three. A team approach to care. PMID- 6569526 TI - An 11-year follow-up of drug clinic attenders. PMID- 6569527 TI - The medical, personal, and social costs of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Not all arthritics are affected by the same outcomes nor are they affected to the same degree. For some, disability, either physical or psychological, is the most troublesome. For others, their inability to lead a more active life is the main concern. The nurse caring for the arthritic patient can play an important role in diminishing the potential negative impact of these disease consequences. With education and counseling, she can provide the patient with an intelligent understanding of the disease. Anxiety can be reduced if the patient is aware of disease characteristics and possible outcomes. Disability and pain can be minimized, personal and social adjustments can be made in a supportive environment, and realistic expectations can lead to an increased quality of life. PMID- 6569528 TI - The role of the nurse with arthritis patients on drug therapy. PMID- 6569529 TI - Exercise and mobility in arthritis. PMID- 6569530 TI - Living with and adjusting to arthritis. AB - Caring for a patient with arthritis involves recognizing the individuality of each person and dealing with the changing course of the disease. Each day these people wake up with the realization that there is never a "day off" from arthritis. The patient must maintain responsibility for herself and her disease. It is essential that the health care team see the need for continuous encouragement, education, and flexibility in planning and altering the therapeutic regimen. Accommodation for the individual nature of the patient and her disease is essential. PMID- 6569531 TI - Arthritis self-management. A five-year history of a patient education program. AB - There are several lessons to be learned from the ASM experience. First, and most outstanding, is the willingness of large numbers of people across the United States to participate in both the ASM course and the research. Second, we have found that lay leaders can be trained to offer a rather complex arthritis course. They have proved to be reliable and, most important, are acceptable to the public and most health professionals. When their acceptance has been questioned, it is usually by persons with little or no experience with either the course or the lay leaders. Third, a national organization, in this case the Arthritis Foundation, has been able to disseminate the course widely and, to some extent, to conduct evaluations. From the national evaluation experience, we have learned that local areas are much more interested in service than evaluation and almost too readily accept an unproven yet hopeful arthritis education program. However, this acceptance of a new innovation before thorough testing is no different than that seen with other new medical technologies from medication to coronary bypass. Finally and most intriguing, we have found that such standard arthritis treatments as exercise and relaxation seem to directly contribute only slightly to the reductions in pain experienced by ASM participants. This unexpected lack of correlation has led us to begin studying other mediating factors such as self efficacy, depression or both.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6569532 TI - Comprehensive management of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Many concerns and difficult challenges are presented by JRA, particularly by the more severe forms of the disease. However, the child, family, school, and multidisciplinary team of health professionals can collaborate to better understand and meet these challenges. Often, in the process, important life lessons are learned and perspectives are gained which ultimately strengthen the child and family. PMID- 6569533 TI - Arthritis as an iatrogenic disease. PMID- 6569534 TI - Nursing: standing still is going back. PMID- 6569535 TI - Emerging nurse: her limitations to serve. PMID- 6569536 TI - Breast milk and its value. PMID- 6569537 TI - The Nursing Journal of India: a study of trends. PMID- 6569538 TI - Preparing mothers for breast-feeding. PMID- 6569539 TI - The future of nursing. PMID- 6569540 TI - Stress management. PMID- 6569541 TI - Practise what they preach. PMID- 6569542 TI - DNA journal 4. Denver diary. PMID- 6569544 TI - The enemy within. PMID- 6569543 TI - Method in their ways. PMID- 6569545 TI - In search of a fuller life. PMID- 6569546 TI - Leg work. PMID- 6569547 TI - Dreams of black pudding. Interview by Sandra Ryder. PMID- 6569548 TI - Research: another chapter. PMID- 6569550 TI - Buying time. PMID- 6569549 TI - Name that price. PMID- 6569551 TI - Focus on children 4: practice. All for one and one for all. PMID- 6569552 TI - Teenage turmoil. PMID- 6569553 TI - Firm-jawed or dewy-eyed? PMID- 6569554 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Advances in care. PMID- 6569555 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. The case for transitional care. PMID- 6569557 TI - Can anybody help me? PMID- 6569556 TI - 'What have I done wrong now'? PMID- 6569558 TI - The end of the rope. PMID- 6569559 TI - The humane face of nursing. PMID- 6569560 TI - Recruiting to a price. PMID- 6569561 TI - Cancer in old age. PMID- 6569562 TI - The Marsden experience. PMID- 6569564 TI - Beware--nursing can change you. PMID- 6569563 TI - Mouthcare. PMID- 6569565 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses' Association 5. More than lip service. PMID- 6569566 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses' Association 5. Community experience. PMID- 6569567 TI - Community Mental Handicap Nurses' Association 5. Improving early learning. PMID- 6569568 TI - Nurses in trouble. PMID- 6569570 TI - Creating awareness. PMID- 6569569 TI - Nurses in need. PMID- 6569571 TI - Working late or overtime. PMID- 6569572 TI - Money for their lives. PMID- 6569573 TI - Serum Hepatitis. PMID- 6569574 TI - Soap opera. PMID- 6569575 TI - Advanced nursing practice. The Burford experience. PMID- 6569576 TI - Kid's stuff. PMID- 6569577 TI - Sterile pursuit. PMID- 6569578 TI - Tidings of comfort and joy. PMID- 6569579 TI - Do we need general managers? PMID- 6569580 TI - A breakthrough in relationships. PMID- 6569581 TI - Staff development. PMID- 6569582 TI - 1984--the beginning of the end? PMID- 6569583 TI - Advanced nursing practice. The nurse agent. PMID- 6569584 TI - The shape of board to come. PMID- 6569585 TI - Side by side by district. PMID- 6569586 TI - Community health nursing revisited: a conversation with Virginia Henderson. Interview by Sherry L. Shamansky. PMID- 6569587 TI - Self-care for patients with breast cancer to prevent side effects of chemotherapy: a concern for public health nursing. PMID- 6569588 TI - Community as client--a multivariate model for analysis of community and aggregate health risk. PMID- 6569589 TI - Gerontologic primary care: a community-centered experience for nursing students. PMID- 6569590 TI - Cultivating settings for community health nursing research. PMID- 6569591 TI - A.N.A. to renew efforts for Federal health proposals. PMID- 6569592 TI - Is nursing a profession? PMID- 6569593 TI - Spiritual elements of professional care in acute, chronic and terminal illness. PMID- 6569594 TI - The present status of nursing students. PMID- 6569595 TI - Nurses as advocates: the Quezon Institute experience. PMID- 6569596 TI - A primer on the TB problem and the QI (Quezon Institute) phase-out. PMID- 6569597 TI - Nurses' campaign for professional assertiveness. PMID- 6569599 TI - Care of the M.I. patient in shock. PMID- 6569598 TI - Philippine nurses in Florida: what is their practice after U.S. licensure? PMID- 6569600 TI - Nursing education: prospects and retrospect. PMID- 6569601 TI - An assessment of government schools and colleges of nursing in the Philippines: 1980-1981. PMID- 6569602 TI - Getting essential drugs to the people. PMID- 6569603 TI - The Filipino nurse in the midst of social, economic and political realities. PMID- 6569604 TI - Breast cancer. PMID- 6569605 TI - Nursing care of the patient with breast reconstruction postmastectomy. PMID- 6569607 TI - Benign breast disease. PMID- 6569606 TI - Current state of the art in breast reconstruction. PMID- 6569608 TI - Fibrocystic disease diets. PMID- 6569609 TI - Marketing mammary reconstruction after radical mastectomy. PMID- 6569610 TI - Businesses join marketing fight against breast cancer. PMID- 6569611 TI - Symposium on clinical neurology. PMID- 6569612 TI - Disorders of sleep and wakefulness. AB - This article provides information on the background and development of "sleep disorders medicine" and sleep disorders centers and a discussion of obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, sleep-related periodic leg movements, and the use and misuse of hypnotic medication. PMID- 6569613 TI - Minor head injury. AB - The evaluation and treatment of minor head injuries are reviewed, with particular emphasis on those problems of head injury commonly seen by family physicians. Clinical history, physical examination, and radiologic studies that are of value in diagnosing minor head injuries are highlighted. PMID- 6569614 TI - The neurologic complications of cardiovascular disease. AB - Many cardiac disorders masquerade as neurologic problems. Differential diagnosis is discussed, as well as common neurologic presentations of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke syndromes arising from emboli, the multitude of disorders that results in loss of consciousness, and neurologic symptoms and signs caused by cardiac drugs. PMID- 6569615 TI - Evaluation of the comatose patient. AB - This article has emphasized a basic approach to coma. First, the patient must have airway, breathing, and circulation protected. If the etiology of coma is in doubt, a broad metabolic screen is necessary. Table 5 demonstrates the major differences between structural and metabolic coma. Usually, history alone is sufficient to make an accurate diagnosis. If history or neurologic examination suggests a structural cause for the coma, then a cranial CT scan is mandatory. An electroencephalogram is often helpful, particularly in metabolic coma, and at times may even show structural abnormalities not demonstrated by CT scan. Rapid assessment and treatment is critical because coma is the clinical manifestation of brain failure, and often irreversible injury will occur if treatment is slow or incorrect. PMID- 6569616 TI - Headache. Modern concepts of diagnosis and management. AB - Headache is a common problem for both patient and physician, but appropriate evaluation can usually lead to correct diagnosis and therapy. A simple new method of treatment described in the article can help 90 per cent of patients with chronic headache. PMID- 6569617 TI - The terminally ill--the nurse and freedom of speech. PMID- 6569618 TI - Director of nursing seeks return to O.R.: terminated. Case in point: Leikvold v. Valley View Comm. Hosp. (688 P. 2d 17- p AZ). PMID- 6569619 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. MN: R.N.'s deposition postponed: tactical advantage. IA: nurse falls on ice: landlord sued. PMID- 6569620 TI - Nurse self-injects valium: license revoked. Case in point: Stevens v. Blake (456 So. 2d 795 - AL). PMID- 6569621 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus resistant to cloxacillin: treatment with fosfomycin rifampicin]. PMID- 6569622 TI - [Hepatic segmentation. Introduction to hepatectomies]. PMID- 6569623 TI - [Small intestine. Colon. Introduction to digestive stomas (1)]. PMID- 6569624 TI - [Malignant melanoma and anesthesia]. PMID- 6569625 TI - [Treatment of lymphatic invasion: intra-arterial chemotherapy and curettage]. PMID- 6569626 TI - [Treatment of malignant melanoma through 3 case reports]. PMID- 6569627 TI - [Technics, care and monitoring of deep venous pathways]. PMID- 6569628 TI - [Malignant melanoma, general presentation]. PMID- 6569629 TI - [External use of sugar]. PMID- 6569630 TI - [Preoperative anxiety]. PMID- 6569631 TI - [The training period of student nurses in the operating room. Application of the theory of educational objectives (1)]. PMID- 6569632 TI - [The training period of student nurses in the operating room. Application of the theory of educational objectives (2)]. PMID- 6569634 TI - [Small intestine. Colon. Introduction to digestive system stomas (2)]. PMID- 6569633 TI - [Tests for the assessment of the extensiveness of malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6569635 TI - [Sigmoid colon. Volvulus, diverticular sigmoiditis]. PMID- 6569636 TI - [Preparation of the patient with colonic cancer]. PMID- 6569637 TI - [Anesthesia and recovery in colonic surgery]. PMID- 6569638 TI - [Colonic cancer. Surgical technics]. PMID- 6569639 TI - [Role of the scrub nurse and the circulating nurse]. PMID- 6569640 TI - [Colonic cancer: postoperative nursing care]. PMID- 6569642 TI - [Convalescence of ostomates undergoing chemotherapy]. PMID- 6569641 TI - [Epidemiology of colonic cancer]. PMID- 6569643 TI - [Case report of colonic adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6569644 TI - [A visit to Intermedica 84]. PMID- 6569646 TI - [Glances: Cyril]. PMID- 6569645 TI - [Natural history, diagnosis, evolution, prognosis of colonic cancer]. PMID- 6569647 TI - [Who should teach nurses?]. PMID- 6569648 TI - [Management of a female patient exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero]. PMID- 6569649 TI - [Aortic dissection: signs, diagnosis, treatment]. PMID- 6569651 TI - [Sahel 84: the trucks of hope]. PMID- 6569650 TI - [Orthostatic arterial hypotension]. PMID- 6569652 TI - [After Geronte, ISIS. From geriatric care to the evaluation of work management in a multidisciplinary team]. PMID- 6569653 TI - [Death to lice]. PMID- 6569654 TI - [Hospital gowns]. PMID- 6569655 TI - [Aid to families of alcoholics]. PMID- 6569656 TI - [The old and the new: exercising the nursing profession]. PMID- 6569657 TI - [Nursing specialties and promotions]. PMID- 6569658 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency: definition, management]. PMID- 6569659 TI - [Vascular access in hemodialysis]. PMID- 6569660 TI - [Do it yourself!]. PMID- 6569661 TI - [Doppler echocardiography: principles and value]. PMID- 6569662 TI - [Thoracic injuries]. PMID- 6569663 TI - [Disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6569664 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6569666 TI - A day in the life of a refresher course grad. PMID- 6569665 TI - Nursing and computers. PMID- 6569667 TI - Community health nursing paper released. PMID- 6569668 TI - Keeping the promise: what happens when a nurse doesn't? PMID- 6569669 TI - Community nursing. PMID- 6569670 TI - Providing special patients with special care. PMID- 6569671 TI - Networking to improve continuity of care. PMID- 6569672 TI - Laboratory evaluation of current disinfectants for leg bags. PMID- 6569673 TI - A path to independence. PMID- 6569674 TI - Beds used to treat patients with pressure sores: an assessment. PMID- 6569675 TI - Nutritional care plan for SCI patients. PMID- 6569676 TI - The spinal cord injury nurse practitioner in a non-spinal cord injury center. PMID- 6569677 TI - New injury group: an aid to psychosocial adjustment. PMID- 6569678 TI - Dealing with the difficult patient. PMID- 6569679 TI - Evaluation of neurogenic bladder in SCI: role of urodynamics. PMID- 6569680 TI - [Migraine]. PMID- 6569681 TI - [Alveolar echinococcosis. A "regional" hepatic disease]. PMID- 6569682 TI - [Management of patients with alveolar echinococcosis]. PMID- 6569684 TI - [Hepatobiliary complications of female hormonal contraception]. PMID- 6569683 TI - [Calculating a severity index and a treatment index. Comparison of cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 6569685 TI - [Testimony of a patient recovering from hepatic coma. The professional-patient relations throughout the hospitalization]. PMID- 6569686 TI - [Role of the nurse in hemodynamic tests and monitoring at the bedside]. PMID- 6569687 TI - [Hepatic coma]. PMID- 6569688 TI - [How to become a general practice nurse(1)]. PMID- 6569689 TI - [The career of a professional nurse]. PMID- 6569690 TI - [Higher education in nursing care]. PMID- 6569691 TI - [Round table: the development of the function of education in nursing care]. PMID- 6569692 TI - [Professional laws and professional nursing practice. Decree 84-689 of 17 July 1984]. PMID- 6569693 TI - [After the state diploma]. PMID- 6569694 TI - [Enemas]. PMID- 6569695 TI - [Drugs: molecular pharmacology, sites of action and drug receptors]. PMID- 6569696 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of drugs]. PMID- 6569697 TI - [The origins of drugs]. PMID- 6569698 TI - [Drug dosage forms]. PMID- 6569699 TI - [Drug, time and eating]. PMID- 6569700 TI - [10th National Hearing on Public Hospitalization (1-15 December 1983). Hygiene, policy of drug therapy in the hospital]. PMID- 6569701 TI - [Intra- and extra-hospital relations]. PMID- 6569703 TI - [Vitamin B1]. PMID- 6569702 TI - [Birth, life, death of a drug]. PMID- 6569704 TI - [Phlebitis. Clinical forms and treatment]. PMID- 6569705 TI - [Psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 6569706 TI - [V. Henderson, H. Peplau, their concepts of nursing]. PMID- 6569707 TI - [Mr. Provost's speech]. PMID- 6569708 TI - [My concept of nursing. A concept which varies according to culture]. PMID- 6569709 TI - [Importance and specificity of the relation of the nurse helper]. PMID- 6569710 TI - [My concept of nursing. An open model for the development of clinical judgement]. PMID- 6569711 TI - [Moxadil]. PMID- 6569712 TI - [The workshops]. PMID- 6569713 TI - [The institutional takeover of the body]. PMID- 6569714 TI - [The re-creation group]. PMID- 6569715 TI - [The day hospital: 10 years' experience]. PMID- 6569716 TI - [Development of care of an elderly person by 3 branches of the psychiatric department]. PMID- 6569717 TI - [The psychiatric-nursing profession, sick of psychiatry. Does the necessary cure exist? Yes]. PMID- 6569718 TI - [Elements of psychology of the bedridden patient]. PMID- 6569720 TI - [The day hospital or space for reconstruction]. PMID- 6569721 TI - [And occupational therapy?]. PMID- 6569722 TI - [Atropine]. PMID- 6569719 TI - [From the difficulty of developing a psychiatric administration to the need for public health administration in mental health matters]. PMID- 6569723 TI - [Coronary insufficiency in the aged subject]. PMID- 6569724 TI - [Heart rhythm disorders in the aged subject]. PMID- 6569725 TI - [Monitoring and care of an elderly hospitalized patient]. PMID- 6569726 TI - [Fundamental bases of cardiac aging]. PMID- 6569727 TI - [Case report: heart insufficiency in a 75-year-old-patient]. PMID- 6569728 TI - [Prevention of cardiopathies in elderly subjects: prevention of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6569729 TI - [Prevention of cardiopathies in elderly subjects: valvular cardiopathies in elderly subjects and prevention of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6569730 TI - [Prevention of cardiopathies in elderly subjects: detection and treatment of arterial hypertension in adults]. PMID- 6569731 TI - [Prevention of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6569732 TI - [Alcohol is bad for the heart]. PMID- 6569733 TI - [Cardiac insufficiency in the aged subject]. PMID- 6569735 TI - [Ocular chlamydiosis]. PMID- 6569734 TI - [Ocular leprosy]. PMID- 6569736 TI - [Purulent ophthalmia in a newborn infant]. PMID- 6569737 TI - [Health education: current tasks, current approaches]. PMID- 6569738 TI - [Ocular manifestations of avitaminoses]. PMID- 6569739 TI - [Methergin]. PMID- 6569740 TI - [Extrauterine pregnancy: alarm signs]. PMID- 6569741 TI - [How the diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy is made in 1984]. PMID- 6569742 TI - [The treatment of extrauterine pregnancy: place of conservative surgery]. PMID- 6569743 TI - [Celioscopic treatment of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6569744 TI - [Obstetrical future of women treated for extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6569745 TI - [Current epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6569746 TI - [Round table: childhood dietetics]. PMID- 6569747 TI - [Waking up her parents at night: an example of child therapy]. PMID- 6569748 TI - [Matriculation ZQ 06 "mother and son" or maternity in a penitentiary environment]. PMID- 6569749 TI - [Anatomic forms of extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6569750 TI - [Intrauterine devices and extrauterine pregnancy]. PMID- 6569751 TI - [Penicillin G. Precautions for use, nurses' monitoring. Review]. PMID- 6569752 TI - [Urinary stress incontinence]. PMID- 6569753 TI - [Surgical treatment of vaginal prolapse]. PMID- 6569754 TI - [Pre and postoperative care in prolapse surgery]. PMID- 6569755 TI - [Clinical examination of a woman with prolapse]. PMID- 6569756 TI - [Working in a day care center]. PMID- 6569757 TI - [Complementary tests in prolapse]. PMID- 6569758 TI - [Disorders of the kallikrein-kinin, renin-angiotensin and sympathetic-adrenal systems in chronic kidney failure patients during hemodialysis treatment]. AB - Blood plasma renin activity, blood adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, and the kallikrein-kinin system were studied in 48 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). Thirty-five patients with normal blood pressure and controlled hypertension (group I) showed a decrease in blood plasma renin and kallikrein kinin system deficiency. In 13 patients with uncontrollable hypertension (group II), the renin-angiotensin and sympathoadrenal systems were found to be activated in the presence of the kallikrein-kinin system deficiency. Disorders of normal interrelations between the renin-angiotensin, sympathoadrenal and kallikrein kinin systems in patients with CRF are determined to a significant degree by upset regulation of the metabolism of biologically active substances by the lungs in connection with the occurrence of microemboli in the pulmonary circulation during hemodialysis. PMID- 6569759 TI - Alzheimer's disease: the need for support and resources. PMID- 6569760 TI - Adaptation to stress. PMID- 6569761 TI - Hansen's disease: update for health care providers. PMID- 6569762 TI - The synthesis of subendothelial matrix by bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture. AB - Bovine aortic endothelial cells cultured on collagenous or plastic substrata continuously synthesize and deposit a subendothelial matrix, independently of whether the cells are in the logarithmic or the stationary phase of growth. This subendothelial matrix contains fibrillar and amorphous elements comparable with those observed in the subendothelium in vivo. Deposition of subendothelial matrix on a collagen gel substratum both started earlier and progressed at approximately double the rate than that on denatured collagen. The relative composition of the subendothelial matrix was assessed by sequential incubation with trypsin, elastase and collagenase (Jones et al., 1979). The subendothelial matrix deposited on collagen gels by early confluent cultures and late post-confluent cultures differed in their enzyme sensitivity. These age-related changes in the enzyme sensitivity of the subendothelial matrix were characteristic for each cloned cell population examined. Comparable variations in the composition of the subendothelial matrix were not observed when the cells were cultured on plastic or gelatin-coated dishes; the subendothelial matrix deposited on these two substrata contained considerably more trypsin-sensitive material and less elastase and collagenase-sensitive material than the matrix deposited on native collagen gels. Age-related changes in the enzyme sensitivity of the subendothelial matrix deposited on collagen gels was found to be a function of the time elapsed since confluence and it was not related to the time elapsed since plating or to the number of cells present. PMID- 6569763 TI - Positioning postoperative orthopedic patients. PMID- 6569764 TI - Troubleshooting power equipment in arthroscopic surgery. PMID- 6569766 TI - An OR nurse wears two hats--nursing and politics. PMID- 6569765 TI - Instrument organization, orthopedic style. PMID- 6569767 TI - Once upon a time.... PMID- 6569768 TI - Orthopedic innovations: porous coated hip implant. PMID- 6569769 TI - OR nursing concerns in pediatric neurosurgery. PMID- 6569770 TI - Trends in orthopedic surgery. PMID- 6569771 TI - Trends in ophthalmic surgery. PMID- 6569772 TI - The right to refuse. PMID- 6569773 TI - Trends in neurosurgery. PMID- 6569774 TI - Trends in laser therapy. PMID- 6569775 TI - Trends in OR nursing management. PMID- 6569776 TI - Trends in OR computers. PMID- 6569777 TI - An unclaimed blessing. PMID- 6569778 TI - Inserting right atrial indwelling catheters. PMID- 6569779 TI - [Microcirculation and the function of the blood kallikrin-kinin system in chronic suppurative bronchitis patients with bronchiectasis]. PMID- 6569780 TI - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6569781 TI - Interview with Dr. Rosemary Crow. Interview by Evelyn Guillemin, Nancy Grant. PMID- 6569782 TI - Continuing education in nursing--a consumer's guide. PMID- 6569783 TI - Standards of practice for the perinatal nurse specialist. PMID- 6569784 TI - Standards for professional nursing education. PMID- 6569785 TI - Issues in professional nursing practice. 2. Specialization in nursing practice. PMID- 6569786 TI - Issues in professional nursing practice. 3. Theory and research as basic to nursing practice. PMID- 6569787 TI - Tuberculin skin testing of hospital employees: infection, "boosting," and two step testing. AB - The prevalence of tuberculous infection (i.e., reactions greater than or equal to 10 mm to 5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative; Mantoux skin test) was determined among employees of 10 hospitals located throughout the United States. The risk of infection was strongly associated with age and race/ethnicity; nonwhites and older individuals were at higher risk. The prevalence of infection among hospitals varied threefold, from 7.0% to 21.4%. After adjusting for differences in the characteristics of employee groups (e.g., age, race/ethnicity, and sex), twofold differences among hospitals were still observed. The occurrence of "boosting" on retest was also studied. Among the different hospitals, the rate varied from 0% to nearly 10%. Race/ethnicity and age were the characteristics most closely associated with boosting. From our data and other data in the literature, we conclude that all hospitals should use two step testing at least on a pilot basis. Our calculations suggest that two-step testing for employees over 35 years of age could be cost effective if the booster rate is greater than 1% of the employees retested. PMID- 6569788 TI - Surveillance for the detection of nosocomial infections and the potential for nosocomial outbreaks. I. Microbiology culture surveillance is an effective method of detecting nosocomial infection. AB - A study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a laboratory-based surveillance system using numbers of positive cultures in our institution. A randomized retrospective review of 575 medical-surgical patient charts revealed 70 nosocomial infections in 41 patients. Review of microbiology records indicated positive cultures for 71%, cultures obtained but inadequate for 6%, no culture necessary for 7%, and no culture obtained for 16%. Patients over 60 years old were significantly more likely to have a nosocomial infection cultured than were younger patients (p less than 0.025). There was no significant difference in rate of nosocomial infections classified by clinical service, site of infection, or length of stay in the hospital. By randomly selecting 100 positive cultures and reviewing the charts of the affected patients, we found that 48% represented nosocomial infections. Thus laboratory-based surveillance was 84% sensitive and 48% specific for detecting nosocomial infections. PMID- 6569789 TI - Profile of infection control practitioners in Canadian hospitals. PMID- 6569791 TI - Infection control: nursing home liability. AB - It is apparent that there have been many advances in knowledge and techniques in the area of infection control and prevention. In addition to the common law duty of property owners toward business invitees and applicable governmental regulations, we can expect the courts to look to these developments for guidance in measuring the conduct of nursing homes and their employees in infection cases. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance to the nursing home industry that appropriate attention and resources be devoted to infection control in order to accomplish adequate prevention and control, and in order to avoid civil liability. PMID- 6569790 TI - Influenza A/Philippines/2/82 outbreak in a nursing home: limitations of influenza vaccination in the aged. AB - The failure of the 1982-1983 influenza vaccine to protect elderly NHCU residents from clinical infection with influenza A/Philippines/2/82 resulted primarily from antigenic drift of the epidemic strain, inasmuch as the attack rates in the vaccinated and nonvaccinated patients were not significantly different. This experience supports the decision to replace A/Bangkok/1/79 with A/Philippines/2/82 virus antigen in the 1983-1984 influenza vaccine. PMID- 6569792 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery: historical background, rationale, and relationship to prospective payment. PMID- 6569793 TI - Nurse practitioners step in to keep pace with growing day surgery. PMID- 6569794 TI - Home study program. Hydrocephalus in infants and children. PMID- 6569795 TI - Hydrocephalus. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting in infants and children. PMID- 6569796 TI - A teaching plan. Ventriculoperitoneal shunting procedure. PMID- 6569797 TI - Communicating in the OR. Part II: Listening. PMID- 6569798 TI - Perioperative nursing goes to college. PMID- 6569799 TI - Proposed recommended practices. Radiation safety in the operating room (including lasers). PMID- 6569800 TI - Ethics. A perspective on the proper use of placebos in research and therapy. PMID- 6569801 TI - Adjunct to draping of head and neck. PMID- 6569803 TI - Career structure--background. PMID- 6569804 TI - Chronic pain: a disease in itself. PMID- 6569802 TI - Bridging--a continuing challenge. PMID- 6569805 TI - Early recognition of at-risk factors in potential child abuse. PMID- 6569806 TI - Assertiveness through communication. Nursing and the nurse: a changing profile. PMID- 6569807 TI - "Most heinous of crimes". Part II. PMID- 6569808 TI - Dosage forms and correct usage. Part one. The Royal Melbourne Hospital Pharmacy Department. PMID- 6569810 TI - Can nursing pass the public health buck? PMID- 6569809 TI - Nursing and the scientific revolution. PMID- 6569811 TI - Brain death. PMID- 6569812 TI - Legal position of euthanasia: an expert opinion. PMID- 6569813 TI - Drugs: dosage forms and correct usage. Part two. The Royal Melbourne Hospital Pharmacy Department. PMID- 6569814 TI - Effect of infant temperament and prone position on motor development. PMID- 6569815 TI - Quality antenatal care? PMID- 6569816 TI - The place of oral history in nursing history. PMID- 6569817 TI - A case for university-based distance teaching in nursing. PMID- 6569818 TI - Personal health assessment--a trend of the 80s. PMID- 6569819 TI - Coca-paste smoking in some Latin American countries: a severe and unabated form of addiction. AB - Coca paste is an intermediary product in the chemical extraction of cocaine from coca leaves. Abusers smoke coca paste in a dried form, which contains from 40 to 91 per cent cocaine. Over the past 10 years, this pattern of drug abuse has attained epidemic proportions in some Latin American countries, particularly in Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Addiction to coca paste develops in a few months and has serious health, social and economic consequences. The problem is particularly acute in Latin American countries because of the high doses of coca paste involved. The smoking of coca paste causes four distinct successive phases of mental disorder: euphoria, dysphoria, hallucinosis and paranoid psychosis. It can produce severe intoxication, prolonged or relapsing psychosis and, in some cases, death. Cocaine has been found in the blood of coca-leaf chewers, coca-paste smokers and users of cocaine hydrochloride. Excessive coca-paste smoking is often resistant to therapeutic interventions and there is a high rate of relapse after treatment and rehabilitation. PMID- 6569820 TI - A laboratory approach to the control of cocaine in Bolivia. AB - Of the 4,196 samples of drugs seized and analysed at the Toxicology Laboratory of the National Bureau for the Control of Dangerous Substances during the period 1975-1982, 3,768 samples (89.8 per cent) contained coca paste, cocaine hydrochloride or related substances. Most of the samples analysed contained coca paste and came from La Paz, Santa Cruz and Cochabamba. With a slight exception in 1980, the number of samples increased steadily over an eight-year period. The increase in the number of seizures of cocaine-related substances was a result of the growth in the illicit production of these substances, which began to assume larger dimensions in 1976. In many areas, coca-paste and cocaine-related problems are growing out of all proportion. The smoking of cigarettes that contain a mixture of tobacco and coca paste, popularly known as pitillos, is the most common form of drug abuse. PMID- 6569821 TI - Illicit traffic and abuse of cocaine. AB - There has been an increasing availability and abuse of cocaine in Canada in recent years. Cocaine abuse has spread from the affluent adult sectors of society to middle-income groups and the young, involving large sections of the population. The increase in illicit demand for, and the social acceptability of, cocaine has led to an increase in illicit cocaine supply. The availability of cocaine on the illicit market has been sustained by a vast over-production of the raw materials needed to produce cocaine in coca-growing areas of South America and the activities of sophisticated trafficking organizations with large operations and profits. As a result, cocaine prices at the wholesale level in South America and Canada are declining, and at the retail level in Canada have remained relatively stable or have slightly decreased. It has been estimated that more than one half of the amount of cocaine on the illicit market in Canada was illegally produced in Colombia, but the main quantities of the raw materials used for such production originated in Bolivia and Peru. Cocaine is smuggled into Canada primarily by commercial air transport, arriving at the three principal ports of entry, namely Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver, from whence it is distributed to other parts of the country. As drug law enforcement efforts increase in one area, traffickers shift their illicit operations to other areas in an attempt to escape detection. Current evidence suggests that both the availability and abuse of cocaine in Canada are likely to increase in the coming years. PMID- 6569822 TI - Counter-attack on cocaine trafficking: the strategy of drug law enforcement. AB - In the past cocaine was abused by the affluent and the famous members of society while at present it is widely abused by people in all social strata. Both abuse and availability of cocaine are increasing in the United States of America. Cocaine traffickers possess enormous assets, financial resources and means of transport that enable them to remain in operation. The incidence of violent activities, including homicides, is higher among cocaine traffickers than among traffickers in other drugs. Certain cocaine-related criminal groups are routinely engaged in wanton violence. Cocaine trafficking is closely connected with various sorts of crime, corruption and subversive activities. Suppression of cocaine traffic is among the most important priorities of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). Coca plant eradication is regarded as the most effective weapon against cocaine trafficking. DEA special agents, in co-operation with their counterparts from concerned countries, are conducting intelligence exchange, international cocaine investigations and training programmes in cocaine source areas. The United States Government has focused on coordination of efforts of various concerned agencies at the federal, state and local levels to combat drug abuse and trafficking. The Department of Justice has mandated the establishment of law enforcement coordinating councils throughout the United States to ensure appropriate utilization of prosecution resources and to co ordinate criminal investigative efforts. Task forces against organized crime are established in 12 key areas of the country. Control of precursors and essential chemicals that are used clandestine drug manufacturing is one among other measures currently being undertaken by the Government to suppress trafficking in cocaine and other drugs. PMID- 6569823 TI - Study of the concentration of the herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid in coca leaves and paste obtained from plants treated with this herbicide. AB - The herbicide (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-acetic acid (2,4-D) is considered to be the most cost-effective for eradicating illicit coca plants. Since coca leaves are chewed by the natives of coca producing areas, and, since coca paste and cocaine are widely abused, a study was undertaken to determine whether 2,4-D is translocated into the leaves and transferred to coca paste when coca plants are treated with this herbicide. The study concluded that basal treatment of coca plants with 2,4-D ester resulted in translocation of 2,4-D into the leaves, and this herbicide was detected in high concentrations one week after treatment. Coca paste prepared from leaves obtained from basally treated plants did not contain 2,4-D. Foliage spraying resulted in extremely high concentrations of 2,4-D in the leaves, with significantly high concentrations of the herbicide found one week after spraying. Trace amounts of 2,4-D were detected in coca paste prepared from plants sprayed by the foliage method. PMID- 6569824 TI - A model experiment in the study of cocaine base smoking. Isolation of methyl 4-(3 pyridyl) butyrate from cocaine pyrolysate. AB - Cocaine base was pyrolysed at 600 degrees C in a nitrogen atmosphere and methyl 4 (3-pyridyl) butyrate was isolated as one of the main components from the cocaine pyrolysate. The structure of the compound was determined by spectral means as well as by comparison with a synthetic sample. PMID- 6569825 TI - Basement membranes and cell movement. PMID- 6569826 TI - Basement membranes and cell movement. Introduction. PMID- 6569827 TI - Peptide fragments of laminin and fibronectin promote migration (haptotaxis and chemotaxis) of metastatic cells. AB - The migration of tumour cells through basement membranes and extracellular matrices is an integral component of tumour invasion and metastasis. Laminin (LMN) and fibronectin (FN) at 1-100 micrograms/ml promote the directed migration of metastatic murine melanoma cells 40-70-fold greater than controls in modified Boyden chambers. Antibodies abrogated the migration of cells in response to the respective protein. Preincubation of melanoma cells with plasma FN had no effect on subsequent migration to LMN or FN. The migration of these cells was largely related to substratum-attached molecules and increasing adhesion gradients of cells; this has been termed haptotaxis. Peptide fragments of both FN and LMN were isolated by affinity chromatography with monoclonal antibodies, heparin or other constituents. FN has two unique domains, 80-125 K and 66 K, which promote the adhesion of tumour cells, whereas only one appeared to be responsible for promoting migration. Peptides of LMN, isolated with heparin and monoclonal antibody, define a cell migration-promoting activity within the 200 K chains of LMN. Serum spreading factor and epinectin, the latter an adhesion molecule derived from squamous epithelial tumour cells, are also capable of promoting the migration of malignant cells. Thus, directed migration of metastatic tumour cells may be promoted with peptide fragments of adhesion molecules and blocked with the respective antibody. PMID- 6569829 TI - Basement membranes and cell migration. PMID- 6569828 TI - Remodelling of the basement membrane: morphogenesis and maturation. AB - We have analysed the reciprocal interactions between mouse embryo submandibular epithelium and mesenchyme which result in branching morphogenesis of the epithelium. The interactions modify the composition and metabolism of the basal and reticular laminae which comprise the basement membrane lying between these tissues. The mesenchyme remodels the basement membrane by depositing a type I collagen-rich matrix on the basal lamina and by producing a neutral hyaluronidase, which degrades hyaluronate and chondroitin sulphate, components of this basal lamina. By analogy with mouse mammary epithelial cells, the submandibular epithelial cells have a heparan sulphate-rich proteoglycan on their cell surfaces which is anchored to the cells. The extracellular domain of this integral membrane proteoglycan binds to interstitial collagen. Interfering with the collagen-proteoglycan interaction appears to reduce the morphological stability of the cells. Together with other processes, including epithelial cell proliferation, this remodelling leads to branching epithelial morphogenesis. Basement membrane remodelling may be a general process for regulating cell behaviour during development and is one of the mechanisms of morphogenetic tissue interaction. Remodelling may also cause maturation of basement membranes from a dynamic state of high turnover in the embryo to their persistence and stability in the adult organism. PMID- 6569830 TI - Regulation of autoantibody responses to glomerular basement membrane in man and experimental animals. AB - Autoantibodies reacting with the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) are a rare cause of severe nephritis in man. Their development is HLA-DR-associated and their pathogenicity has been demonstrated by transfer experiments. Their production is spontaneously self-limiting over a period of years but irreversible renal failure usually occurs within weeks or months in the untreated patient. A regimen of intensive plasma exchange together with cytotoxic drugs and steroids induces a rapid and permanent arrest of antibody synthesis; this is associated with recovery of renal function, provided that target organ injury is not irreversible when treatment is initiated. To understand the homeostatic mechanisms engaged by the therapeutic regimen we have studied an experimental model of autoimmune nephritis in the Brown Norway rat, where autoantibody mediated injury to the GBM is induced by mercuric chloride. Suppressor cells and humoral factors (putatively anti-idiotypic antibodies) were found to regulate autoantibody production, and cyclophosphamide can prevent its reinduction. To identify the autoantigenic component in human GBM we have produced a mouse monoclonal antibody which recognizes the same components as are recognized by autoantibodies from all 35 patients tested. This monoclonal antibody can be used to study the autoregulatory components from human blood which we have found to be important in the animal model. PMID- 6569831 TI - Reichert's membrane as a model for studying the biosynthesis and assembly of basement membrane components. AB - The major components of Reichert's membrane (laminin, type IV procollagen, entactin and heparan sulphate proteoglycan) are all synthesized by the parietal endoderm cells of the mouse embryo. Fibronectin is found mainly on the trophoblast side of Reichert's membrane and does not appear to be a major structural component. Parietal endoderm cells are thought to differentiate and migrate as individual cells from the margins of the epithelial visceral endoderm layer. They may interact with the type IV collagen in Reichert's membrane via a surface-associated protein of Mr = 47000 known as 'colligin'. Parietal endoderm cells are a rich source of mRNAs for basement membrane components and have been used to prepare a cDNA library in the expression vectors pUC8 and pUC9 from which cDNAs for type IV collagen and laminin B chains have been isolated. PMID- 6569832 TI - Fibronectin: a versatile gene for a versatile protein. AB - We have isolated cDNA and genomic clones for rat fibronectins. A single gene gives rise to three different mRNA species by alternative splicing at a complex intron-exon boundary within the coding region. The fibronectins encoded by these three mRNAs differ by the insertion of different protein segments in the C terminal heparin-binding domain. The amino acid sequences of the cell-, heparin- and fibrin-binding domains in the C-terminal third of fibronectin were deduced from the DNA sequences. The cell- and heparin-binding regions each consist of several similar repeating sequences known as type III homologies, while the fibrin-binding region comprises three repeats of a different type (type I homologies). The sequences suggest several hypotheses for the structure-function relationships of these domains of fibronectin; these hypotheses are now being tested. Determination of intron-exon boundaries within the fibronectin gene is beginning to reveal the modular structure of the gene and its relation to the repeating structure of fibronectin. PMID- 6569834 TI - Mucus and mucosa. PMID- 6569833 TI - Interactions of mammalian cells with collagen. AB - Isolated stationary cells recognize and adhere to immobilized extracellular matrix (ECM) components. These processes are mediated by specific receptor-ligand types of interaction. The formation of cell-ECM contacts influences subsequent cellular behaviour, such as the promotion of cell survival, epithelial cell polarization, and cell differentiation. The binding reaction between cells and collagen is discussed in this paper in terms of findings from studies with two cell systems, adult rat hepatocytes and rat cardiac myocytes. Isolated adult rat hepatocytes adhere to or bind laminin, fibronectin, heparan sulphate and collagen. We have characterized the interaction of hepatocytes with collagen and have isolated a glycoprotein fraction from rat liver membranes that contains collagen-binding components. The ability of rat cardiac myocytes to recognize ECM components depends on the state of cell maturation. Myocytes isolated from neonatal rats adhere to the interstitial collagens (types I-III), to collagen types IV and V, to fibronectin and to laminin. In contrast, myocytes isolated from adult rats bind effectively only to collagen type IV and laminin and bind much less effectively to fibronectin. Furthermore, antibodies raised against neonatal myocyte membranes inhibit the adhesion of both neonatal myocytes and hepatocytes to interstitial collagens, but antibodies raised against adult myocyte membranes lack these effects. These observations indicate that similar collagen-binding molecules are present on such diverse cells as hepatocytes and neonatal myocytes and that these components might be lost during cell maturation. PMID- 6569835 TI - Fluid transport across airway epithelia. AB - Active ion transport across the surface epithelium of dog trachea results in fluid transport. The direction and amount of fluid transported may depend on a balance between active chloride secretion and active sodium absorption. In contrast, fluid movement across submucosal gland epithelium does not seem to depend on active salt transport. Instead, water may be drawn into the duct lumen by simple osmosis after the release of the osmotically active contents of secretory granules. Cell culture may provide a means of studying the secretory properties of the individual cell types of airway epithelia. We have produced primary monolayer cultures of cells from dog tracheal epithelium which retain the differentiated salt and water transport of the original tissue. PMID- 6569836 TI - Terminal glycosylation in human cervical mucin. AB - L-Fucose and N-acetylneuraminic (sialic) acid occupy terminal positions on the oligosaccharide side-chains of human cervical mucin but the addition of both these monosaccharides to the same carbohydrate acceptor residue is kinetically unfavourable. The following evidence suggests that the levels of L-fucose are more sensitive to regulation than those of N-acetylneuraminic acid: (1) tissue levels of sialyltransferase (EC 2.4.99.1) activity are 20-30 times greater than those of fucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.68); (2) both glycosyltransferases are susceptible to inhibition by their nucleotide products but a comparison of the Ki and the apparent Km of these enzymes shows that modulation of fucosyltransferase is more probable; (3) Postsecretory removal of L-fucose from cervical mucin is probably due to the high levels of mucus-associated alpha-L-fucosidase. Furthermore the activity of this enzyme is probably modulated by the pH gradient within the cervix. Mucin glycosylation can be visualized by autoradiography using [3H]L-fucose applied to cervical explants in organ culture. Mucus production during this process is not sensitive to exogenous ovarian steroid hormones, though in other aspects the secretory process appears normal. It is proposed that the cyclicity of mucus rheology is not directly influenced by an action of these hormones on mucin synthesis or hydration. PMID- 6569837 TI - Comparative studies of mucus and mucin physicochemistry. AB - The transport of mucus on a ciliated epithelium, and the penetration of sperm through cervical mucus, have been shown to be functions of the rheological, principally viscoelastic, properties of the secretion. These physicochemical properties, in turn, are largely determined by the composition and concentration of mucin glycoproteins, which are the principal macromolecular components of the secretion. These functions and properties of various types of mucous secretions are discussed, emphasizing both similarities and differences. Background and data are presented supporting these concepts, based on studies of human cervical and middle ear mucus, as well as bovine cervical and canine tracheal mucus. A major determinant of differences in function between mucus samples appears to be the carbohydrate composition of the mucin, after corrections are made for environmental factors such as pH, ionic strength and mucin concentration Mucin behaviour also depends on specific solutes in the secretion, such as Ca2+. Although significant differences in mucus properties and function exist, it is hypothesized that these developed as variations of the major function common to all mucous secretions, which is to maintain and control the water balance of epithelial mucosa. PMID- 6569838 TI - Hydration kinetics of exocytosed mucins in cultured secretory cells of the rabbit trachea: a new model. AB - Experiments have been done to test the idea that mucins undergo postexocytotic swelling. Previous work led to the hypothesis that the glycoprotein network of the mucus gel is probably held together by entanglements and low energy bonds, rather than by interchain covalent bonding. Since glycoproteins and other proteins in the mucus are polyions, it was further proposed that mucus must be capable of swelling, with its swelling properties depending on the pH and ionic strength of the medium hydrating the mucus. Experiments using oestrous cervical mucus from cows as a model confirmed this prediction. Observations on tissue cultures of respiratory secretory cells reported here show that freshly secreted mucins also undergo swelling during and after exocytosis. This evidence supports the hypothesis that the rheological properties of mucus may be physiologically regulated by hydration via control of the transepithelial movement of water, ions and soluble proteins, rather than by variations in the degree of covalent cross linking between glycoprotein chains as proposed earlier. PMID- 6569839 TI - Acute and chronic models for hypersecretion of intestinal mucin. AB - Mucin secretion was examined in three functional models relevant to human disease, using rat small intestinal rings or in situ loops, [3H]glucosamine precursor labelling, gel chromatography and a specific radioimmunoassay for mucin. As a model for acute bacterial secretory diarrhoea, tissues were exposed to cholera toxin for up to 4 h. Both stored and newly synthesized radioactive glycoproteins were secreted in amounts twofold to threefold above control levels. Immunoreactive mucin secretion increased fivefold to eightfold. Other agents known to raise cAMP levels did not stimulate mucin secretion, suggesting that cholera may release mucin by a non-cAMP-dependent mechanism. Sepharose 2B chromatography indicated that secreted mucin was smaller in size than intracellular mucin and had compositional differences suggestive of 'immaturity' or protein contamination. In chronically (seven days) reserpinized rats, used as a model of glycoprotein abnormalities relevant to cystic fibrosis, mucin secretion increased twofold to threefold, but the most prominent abnormality was a marked increase in [3H]glucosamine incorporation into all tissue glycoproteins. On purification, the intracellular mucin of reserpine-treated rats had the same composition as mucin from control rats, but the former was smaller in size and had a higher specific radioactivity. Mucin hypersecretion in reserpinized rats may therefore be secondary to a primary and chronic hyperstimulation of mucin biosynthesis. A model of intestinal 'anaphylaxis' or immune-mediated diarrhoea was created in Hooded Lister rats by immunizing with egg albumin (10 micrograms) and challenging with the same antigen in intestinal loops 14 days later. After 4 h, total protein, DNA and brush border sucrase were increased in the lumen. Enhancement of mucin secretion did not occur, however, and therefore does not seem to be a particular feature of the pathophysiology of this model. PMID- 6569841 TI - Bactericidal activity of five combinations of penicillin G with aminoglycosides against Streptococcus faecium. AB - Combinations of penicillin G and five aminoglycosides were tested against 7 strains of S. faecium. For all the strains that had a low-level of resistance to streptomycin, the combination of penicillin G with streptomycin was synergistic. Penicillin combined with either kanamycin or netilmicin was ineffective against all strains. The combination of penicillin and amikacin was synergistic against only one of the aminoglycoside-susceptible strains and ineffective against all the other strains. Penicillin G with gentamicin was the only combination synergistic against all strains. The clinical implications of these findings for the treatment of bacterial endocarditis caused by S. faecium are discussed. PMID- 6569840 TI - A simple and sensitive method for determination of human urinary kallikrein activity (kininogenase activity), using human low molecular weight kininogen. AB - Human low molecular weight kininogen was partially purified and applied to the measurement of human glandular kallikrein as a substrate. The prepared human low molecular weight kininogen did not contain any significant amounts of kinin generating or destroying enzymes. When ethanol was added to the assay tube to stop the enzyme reaction, the substrate was almost completely removed from the incubation solution. Moreover, less than 1.25% ethanol had no effect on the kinin radioimmunoassay. These data suggest that the measurement of generated kinin can be done directly after the addition of ethanol. In this assay system, control tubes were unnecessary since the small volume of the urine samples (0.5 to 2.0 nl) contained negligible amounts of endogenous kinin. In a comparison of the availability as a substrate for human urinary kallikrein among human, dog and bovine low molecular weight kininogens, the enzyme activity was 5 or 100 times as high in the human substrate as in the dog and bovine substrates, suggesting that a human substrate is best for the human enzyme. A significant correlation was found between our previous method using bovine substrate and this method for human urinary kallikrein activity. In both methods, urinary kallikrein excretions were significantly lower in patients with essential hypertension and higher in those with primary aldosteronism, respectively. This simple, specific and sensitive kininogenase assay system seems to be very useful for investigating the physiological or pathophysiological role of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in hypertensive and renal diseases. PMID- 6569842 TI - Aromatic tetra-amidines: synthesis of halo-derivatives and their antiproteolytic activity. AB - Mono-halo derivatives of 1,3-di-(p-amidinophenoxy)-2,2-bis-(p amidinophenoxymethyl)p ropane (TAPP-H) have been synthesized and their inhibitory effect on the bovine trypsin, bovine thrombin and porcine pancreatic kallikrein catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitroanilides of amino acids was investigated, at pH 8.1 and 37 degrees, in parallel with that of TAPP-H and benzamidine. The addition of a halogen (Cl, Br or I) at position 2 of each benzamidine moiety of TAPP-H is accompanied by an increase of the inhibitory effect. This is especially evident in the case of porcine pancreatic kallikrein inhibition by TAPP-Cl. The structural basis of the different inhibitory effect of TAPP-H, TAPP-halo derivatives and benzamidine on the catalyzed hydrolysis of the proteinases examined are discussed and the role of Asp-189 in bovine trypsin, Asp-189 and Glu 149 or Asp-192 in bovine thrombin and Asp-189 and Asp-A148 or Glu-150 in porcine pancreatic kallikrein is focused. PMID- 6569844 TI - [Extragenital injuries in rape]. AB - The documentation of extragenital injuries to verify violent cohabitation has considerable forensic relevance. 1,875 police files in Hamburg were investigated. Injuries were analysed under the following aspects: kinds, localisations and patterns. According to the most frequent conduct of the doer (manual fixation of the victim and beats in 60% of all cases), consequences of contused violence (i.e. effusions of blood, contusions, dehiscences) were found in 50% of all cases. Injuries due to semi-sharp violence, wounds of genitals or signs of choke were relatively rare (15-3-3%). An isolated state of genital organs is of minor importance. The most frequent localisations of injuries were face and arms, less frequently legs and back. Injuries as result of manual fixation, defence or abutment formed the main patterns. "Banal" hurts were also found. In numerous cases, the outer appearance of the lesions enabled conclusions regarding the instrument used (i.e. double wales after beats with a stick). Self-inflicted injuries can mostly be discerned by their kind and localisation. Rape without any injuries is conceivable as the result of missing defence in the presence of severe threat. Psychic alterations were found in 20% of the cases, half of them continuing for a long time. The medical examination of the suspected man must include the search of signs of a fight (scratch marks, bites), localised at the hands, face and neck (besides ascertainment of traces, for example, smears of semen and smegma, i.e. from the glans penis). Extent and thoroughness of medical examinations as presently practised are discussed critically. The manner in which these examinations are conducted, is considered to be the main cause of a "secondary victimisation" of the raped woman. PMID- 6569843 TI - [Diagnostic value of increased lactate dehydrogenase activity in vaginal secretions for the early detection of diseases requiring treatment of the female genitals and breast]. AB - The Diagnostic Validity of Enhanced Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in the Vaginal Secretion for Early Diagnosis of Diseases of the Female Genitals and the Mamma in Need of Treatment. An impregnated hygiene tampon (Gynaegnost) was used, which by a colour reaction permits the determination of augmented activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in vaginal secretion. The diagnostic validity of the results of the findings by this method in the detection of diseases of the female genitals and the mamma needing treatment was examined in two clinical diagnostic studies. The first study including 486 patients chiefly suffering from manifest carcinoma was aimed at solving a deliberately limited question. In patients with carcinoma stages I to IV of the most important genital locations augmented LDH activity (correct positive results) was found in about 90%. A second study comprised 1955 women entering into outpatient gynaecological services for preventive examination; the definition of this series was difficult. Three categories of diagnostic groups can be determined by the results of this study. In the first category with the most important subgroup "routine examination without specification of a pathological finding" less than 20% "false" positive test results by the indicator were observed. A second category with inflammatory diseases (colpitis, endometritis) showed positive results in about one-third of the examinations. The third category comprised a minor number of malignant tumors roughly with a percentage of positive results corresponding to that of the first study. Augmented LDH activity in vaginal secretion is a diagnostic criterion which detects not only cancer; it is similar to the test of occult blood in faeces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6569845 TI - [Definition of intrauterine growth retardation]. AB - In order to answer the question as to the limit of intrauterine foetal growth retardation, we compared three weight values at birth: two standard deviations below the mean, namely the fifth and tenth percentiles. The comparisons were made on the intrapartum and early neonatal mortality rates of 19,256 infants born during 1980 in "La Paz" Maternity Hospital of Madrid. Our results show that we have to consider as newborn with a growth retardation those infants whose weight at birth is lower than the fifth percentile for their gestational age and sex. In this group of infants, the intrapartum and early neonatal mortality rates are significantly higher than among newborn with a superior weight. At the same time, we found that the mortality among newborn with a weight between the fifth and tenth percentile was not significantly higher than that observed among infants with a weight at birth greater than the tenth percentile. PMID- 6569846 TI - [Observations on the temporal sequence of reported pregnancy risks]. AB - A prospective study was conducted with 383 pregnant women concerning the occurrence in respect of time, the duration, and the mutual interactions of pregnancy risks. 35 per cent of the women with hemorrhages during early pregnancy later had premature labour pain (p less than 0.01). The relative risk of premature labour is greater by the factor 2.2 in pregnant women with hemorrhages during early pregnancy than in women without haemorrhages. There was no difference between the investigated groups in respect of onset and duration of these two risk factors. 54 per cent of the pregnant women in whom circular sature of the cervix according to Shirodkar had been performed, also had premature labour pain (p less than 0.001). After the performance of the Shirodkar suture, premature labour followed in 40% of the pregnant women during the further course of pregnancy, corresponding to a relative risk of 2.3 compared with the group without Shirodkar. Premature labour with subsequent Shirodkar cerclage occurred earlier (21st week) and lasted for a longer time (13 weeks) than with the reverse sequence or if premature labour occurred alone. If cervical insufficiency occurred first, followed by premature labour, the time of birth was definitely much earlier (36 weeks) than with the controls. There was no evident connection between the risks "infections of urinary tract" and "premature labour". On the other hand, 32 per cent of the pregnant women with urinary tract infections suffered an EPH gestosis, corresponding to a relative risk of 2 (p less than 0.001). The results show that clear and specific pointers towards the possible occurrence of other risks can be derived from the presence of certain pregnancy risks based on specific findings. PMID- 6569847 TI - [Value of cervix cerclage]. AB - Between 1965 and 1980 we performed 512 Shirodkar operations. Mean age of the patients was 28.4 years. The most frequent diagnosis was incompetence of the internal cervical os, which accounted for 74% of the operations, the remaining 26% being prophylactic. Sutures were performed between the 12th and the 18th week of gestation and 76.3% of these patients had normal births (mean gestation time 39 weeks). Without Shirodkar operations, out of 748 pregnancies studied, 23.1% resulted in normal birth; whilst with Shirodkar 90.5% of 462 pregnancies were successfully delivered at term. PMID- 6569848 TI - [Multivariate analysis of the clinical care of underweight patients]. AB - In a patient group of "underweight" persons, a total of 20 factors of the pregnant status, of the course of pregnancy and birth, as well as of the perinatal birth result, were tested by means of univariate analysis of variance and multivariate analysis of discriminance. Despite marked complexity of the influencing parameters and their interactions, it is shown that it will be approximately sufficient to pay attention to a few parameters to arrive at a comparable objectivation of overall clinical results. It is also evident that conclusions valid for direct obstetric and perinatal medical work cannot be arrived at from retrospective analysis alone. PMID- 6569849 TI - [Legal issues in sterilization using tubal coagulation]. PMID- 6569850 TI - Properties of the arginine esterases from Bitis nasicornis (horned adder) venom. AB - Five forms of arginine esterase (DE-2 to DE-6) were purified from Bitis nasicornis venom by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, followed by ion exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose and DEAE-sepharose. They contain 17.6 to 23.1% of carbohydrate, 242 to 244 amino acids including 14 half-cystine residues and have molecular masses of about 38 kDa. The enzymes have a high esterolytic activity towards N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester but show no proteolytic activity against Azocoll and no clotting activity against fibrinogen. Their sequences of the first 19 amino-terminal residues are the same, but their carbohydrate content shows some variation. Furthermore, sequence studies on the N-terminal regions of the arginine esterases from B. nasicornis venom indicate that they share a significant degree of sequence homology with the kallikrein-like enzymes of Crotalus adamanteus and C. atrox venoms and also with porcine pancreatic kallikrein. Studies on tryptic glycopeptides of the arginine esterases show that carbohydrate occurs at the N-terminal region of the molecule and also towards the center. PMID- 6569852 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine failure in a splenectomized child. PMID- 6569851 TI - The combination of pivmecillinam and pivampicillin in the treatment of enteric fever. AB - Thirty-nine patients with acute enteric fever received the fixed-dose oral combination of pivmecillinam/pivampicillin. Thirty-seven (95%) subjects responded satisfactorily. No relapses or persistent faecal excretion of salmonellae were seen in the 29 patients followed up for 2 to 19 weeks. The treatment was well tolerated, no side-effects being recorded. In vitro studies revealed a synergistic interaction between mecillinam and ampicillin against isolates of Salmonella paratyphi A. PMID- 6569853 TI - Infection control--into the next decade. PMID- 6569854 TI - Peritonitis from automated peritoneal dialysis. AB - Three consecutive patients undergoing automated peritoneal dialysis developed peritonitis with a nonfermenting gram-negative rod. The same organism was recovered from the dialysate produced by the machine and from its tap water supply. This is the first such outbreak in which the causative organism was also recovered from the tap water supply to the machine. The organism persisted in the machine following standard 3% formaldehyde disinfection, but was eradicated by 10% formaldehyde disinfection. PMID- 6569855 TI - Wound infection after simple suture at the emergency ward. AB - Of 386 consecutive patients whose wounds were sutured at the emergency ward of the Soroka Medical Center, 228 returned for a follow-up visit during which pus was observed in 40 sutured wounds. Most of the patients were males, 50% lived in the city, and 13% were Beduin. Fifty percent of the wounds were dressed prior to admission. All wounds were rinsed prior to suture, 78% in a cetrimide chlorhexidine HC1 solution and in 71% an irrigation with a povidone-iodine solution was performed. The physicians who performed the procedure were graded by their medical experience; 43% of the sutures were performed by interns, 32% by junior residents, 19% by senior residents and 6% by a specialist. Silk thread was the most commonly used suture material (79%). Wounds were classified according to size, depth and state of the margins of the wound. It was noted whether an excision was performed and the type of treatment that was prescribed after the procedure. None of the above-mentioned criteria identified a group as high-risk. Experienced physicians sutured the more serious wounds, but their infection rate did not differ significantly from other physicians. PMID- 6569856 TI - A hospital contingency plan for exotic communicable diseases. AB - The exotic communicable diseases are highly virulent, transmissible, conditions which occur most often in tropical areas. Since the late 1960s, there have been occasions when these diseases have been exported to the US and Canada. Advance planning will facilitate the care of patients infected with these diseases in health care facilities. Hospitals should develop a contingency plan which addresses the management of patients that present themselves to the emergency department as well as patients diagnosed after admission. The plan should address such topics as the isolation room, protective clothing, disinfection of the environment and equipment as well as the management of waste and handling of corpses. A well thought out plan will prevent subsequent transmission of infection to attending personnel, other patients and the surrounding community. PMID- 6569857 TI - Nosocomial mycobacterial pseudoinfection in a Georgia hospital. AB - Nosocomial pseudoepidemics may be detected when clustering of pseudoinfections occur or when artificial clusters of real infection are observed. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were reportedly isolated from specimens obtained from seven patients at one hospital from October 1980 to January 1981. Because the patients' clinical illnesses were not uniformly consistent with mycobacterial disease, we hypothesized that pseudoinfections had occurred and searched for a common source of contamination. The investigation suggested that specimen contamination was associated with one microbiology laboratory technician: 6 of 22 (27%) specimens processed by that person were positive compared with 1 of 103 (1%) specimens processed by the other five technicians. However, a specific mechanism of contamination was not identified. Nosocomial pseudoepidemics associated with false infections should be suspected and investigated when clinical features and laboratory findings do not agree. PMID- 6569858 TI - The cephalosporin antibiotic agents--II. First- and second-generation agents. PMID- 6569859 TI - Employee work restrictions for infection control. PMID- 6569860 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (A.I.D.S.) in home care: maximizing helpfulness and minimizing hysteria. PMID- 6569861 TI - Recognizing the effect of social support on compliance to medical regimen in the elderly chronically ill. PMID- 6569863 TI - Student programs benefit nursing service agencies. PMID- 6569862 TI - Nursing kinship at the borders of Europe. PMID- 6569864 TI - Maternal and child health care in Ecuador: obstacles and solutions. PMID- 6569866 TI - Siblings at birth: professional philosophy and preparation. PMID- 6569865 TI - Preventing congenital tragedy: an opportunity for nursing. PMID- 6569867 TI - Nursing management of vaginal agenesis. PMID- 6569868 TI - Breast self-exams: are health professionals doing their part? PMID- 6569869 TI - Discrepancies between nursing practices and mastectomy clientele needs. PMID- 6569870 TI - Emotional and sexual sequelae following hysterectomy. PMID- 6569871 TI - Legal column: are Missouri nurses practicing medicine without a license? PMID- 6569872 TI - In-vitro effects of vancomycin and rifampicin, alone and in combination, against methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococci. AB - The in-vitro inhibitory and bactericidal activities of vancomycin and rifampicin were tested against several Staphylococcus strains recently isolated from clinical material. All strains were first tested for their susceptibility to methicillin, and typed by lyogroup. With vancomycin, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) fell within a narrow range (0.62-2.5 mg/l), and significant differences were not observed both among different lyogroups and between methicillin-sensitive (M-S) and methicillin-resistant (M-R) strains. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of vancomycin either equalled or exceeded by twofold the MICs. With rifampicin, MICs were found to be distributed over a wide range (0.002 to greater than 5 mg/l), and susceptibility appeared to be less in M R than in M-S isolates. Although MICs greater than or equal to mg/l were only observed in three of the six lyogroups, data appeared insufficient to substantiate definite interspecies differences in staphylococcal susceptibility to rifampicin. MBCs of rifampicin either equalled or exceeded by two- to eightfold the MICs. In-vitro interactions between vancomycin and rifampicin, were investigated both by checkerboard and time-kill tests. By both methods, indifference was observed with the great majority of isolates. Synergism was a rare event, and antagonism was never observed. PMID- 6569874 TI - Nursing care: professional progress. AB - Nursing in the United Kingdom is currently taking decisions that will enable it to attain mature professional practice--or fail to. It is argued that professions are designed to serve vulnerable people competently and that competent nursing is not reliably achieved by the untrained or those in training. Competent nursing requires qualified nurses who can work in partnership with patients and help them manage their own health and an educational system which facilitates both the initial and continuing mastery of nursing knowledge and skills. Aspects of learning, including the clinical environment, are discussed. The contractual relationship between nurses and doctors is discussed and the need to develop competence in inter-professional work. Developments in clinical nursing since 1970 are reviewed including beliefs about nursing, models for practice, the organization of nursing, the development of clinical research and the demand for new knowledge and skills from qualified nurses. It is concluded that much of the essential thinking about the nature of professional nursing has been successfully achieved and that nursing in the United Kingdom should now take the decisions and actions to achieve a professional education and professional nursing practice. PMID- 6569873 TI - Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by microdilution and disk elution susceptibility systems. AB - To determine whether methicillin-resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus from different geographic areas are detected reliably by various commercially available microdilution broth and disk elution systems, 73 such isolates obtained from hospitals in 13 cities were tested by a reference method (agar dilution) and by the Microscan, API 3600S, Autobac I, and MS-2 systems. Both Eugonic broth and Low Thymidine Eugonic broth were used in the evaluation of the Autobac I, and two versions of the MS-2 were used. The proportions of isolates categorized as MR by the various methods were: agar dilution method, 99%; Microscan, 100% (if the suggested cut-off of the manufacturer was used); API 3600S, 96%; Autobac I, 84 to 93%; and MS-2, 54 to 68%. With the MS-2 system, isolates from Jackson, Miss., were classified as susceptible to methicillin more often than were strains from other cities. With the Autobac I (Eugonic broth), only 55% of isolates from Houston, Tex., were classified as MR, whereas 89% of isolates from all other cities were correctly classified as MR. With the API 3600S, strains from some cities were categorized as nafcillin susceptible, whereas strains from other cities were classified as resistant to nafcillin. The results of this study suggest that future evaluations of antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems should include MR strains of S. aureus from several geographic areas. PMID- 6569875 TI - Towards inclusive notions of 'patient' and 'nurse'. AB - Nursing is commonly characterized by the process of caring in the context of nurse-patient interactions in clinical and non-clinical settings. This interactive context of nursing however should not be seen to only involve encounters of an interpersonal nature but also must be extended to include interactions set in a social-relational context. (The growing realization that most health problems in our society cannot be fully understood as only an individual phenomena lends support to this notion.) Continuity and quality of time are described as being important aspects of nursing, which make possible a holistic and unified approach to care that is quite unique to nursing. A patient centred approach to nursing is contrasted with an illness/disease-based approach. Growing recognition of the positive outcomes of an approach to nursing which is responsive to patients (rather than primarily focused on illness/disease) suggests that patterns of nursing care should be more closely aligned with this model. The authors believe this can be accomplished through a supportive emotional atmosphere of interpersonal and social-relational involvement. The modes by which nurses will be accountable to the community will then necessarily need to reflect this broader, more inclusive context. PMID- 6569876 TI - Altruism is not enough: barriers in the development of nursing as a profession. AB - This paper discusses the goals and strategies used by nurses to achieve professional status. It describes the several interest groups in nursing and identifies the plurality of their goals and the sometimes conflicting strategies used by them. The paper illustrates the constraints experienced by the Royal College of Nursing in policy making and proposes a pluralist structure as a basis for future planning. PMID- 6569877 TI - An analysis of the concept of trust. AB - In the nursing literature trust has been identified as a foundation for a therapeutic relationship between nurse and health care consumer. It is through such a relationship that nurses can help effect needed changes in an individual's patterns of health behaviour. Several authors have described when trust is occurring, but few have attempted to define trust. In this paper trust is analysed, its critical attributes identified, and a theoretical definition given. Model, borderline, related, contrary, and illegitimate cases of trust are constructed. Antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents are also presented. The writer also makes recommendations regarding further study. PMID- 6569878 TI - Autogenic regulation training and sickness absence amongst student nurses in general training. AB - Sickness absence has been a long-standing concern of the nursing profession. In this paper, sickness is construed as illness or the form a complaint takes. Absence is formulated as a form of coping. A longitudinal study using an experimental and control group design was carried out with student nurses using autogenic regulation training (ART). Comparisons of the relationship between ART and sickness absence records were recorded for: total days off; certificated and uncertificated days off; uncertificated days off; certificated days off; total blocks and total wards; first and second ward allocations; and average time sick. It is argued that ART helped significantly to reduce overall sickness absence in the experimental group when compared with the control group subjects. Reasons for this are discussed and issues for further research are raised. It is concluded from the present study that ART has a contribution to make in preparing student nurses to cope with the demands of nursing and sickness absence. PMID- 6569880 TI - Strengthening family 'interference'. AB - This paper examines the phenomenon of family 'interference' in the health care of a sick member from a new angle. The 'interfering' behaviours are located within the context of the family's evolving relationships with health care providers. The authors argue that the behaviours are an understandable product of the family's disillusionment and dissatisfaction with their health care relationships. As such, these interfering behaviours represent the family's most productive means of positively influencing their sick member's experience with illness. In addition, they set the stage for negotiation to take place between the family and health care providers which leads to mutually satisfying care. When interference is appreciated within the context of health care relationships, it becomes obvious that some of our traditional nursing responses are counterproductive. This paper offers suggestions for making interference work, as well as theoretical questions to the nursing practitioner. PMID- 6569879 TI - Mother-child relationship--FIRST score. AB - This paper describes the use of the MCR FIRST score. The score has evolved as a method of measuring certain aspects of a mother's caring for her newborn baby. The factors included are feeding, interest, response, speech and touch, and these have been combined into a numerical score. The results for 100 mothers who were assessed on days 1, 3 and 5 postpartum are presented. The MCR FIRST score is distinguished by its simplicity of use in clinical work and may be helpful in recognizing potential impairment of mother-child relationships during the early postpartum period. PMID- 6569881 TI - Educational achievement of nurses who completed the nursing education and the nursing administration certificate courses of the Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1958-1975. AB - This paper describes the educational activity of a group of 149 nurse teachers and administrators following completion of the nursing education and nursing administration certificate courses of the University of Edinburgh (1958-1975). The data were obtained by a postal questionnaire and three particular types of courses reported by the respondents are discussed. Emphasis is given to the analysis involving degree courses as this was a prominent educational activity, especially among nurse teachers. The conclusion discusses the potential of an all graduate nurse teacher group and suggests some implications for the nursing profession. PMID- 6569882 TI - Nursing careers: findings of a follow-up survey of graduates of the nursing education and administration certificate courses of the Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh, 1958-1975. AB - The paper discusses the findings of a survey of the career progress of graduates of certificate courses in nursing administration and education, between 1958 and 1975, at the Department of Nursing Studies, University of Edinburgh. Five sections are presented: age, sex, career patterns, educational attainments and scholarly work. Issues arising within these sections are discussed. PMID- 6569883 TI - Procedure for determination of participation of aminoacyl-tRNA in label distribution in studies on protein degradation in vivo. AB - The determination of radioactive amino acid incorporation into proteins is important in measurements of protein degradation. Aminoacyl-tRNAs participating in label distribution may interfere during these measurements. To check this possibility, a separate procedure with ion-exchange paper DE 81 allowing the percentage of radioactivity in aminoacyl-tRNA to be determined was developed. After application of microliter amounts of Trametes versicolor mycelium extracts on DE 81 paper circles, stepwise elution with buffers of different pH's and ionic strengths was carried out. This enabled labelled proteins to be separated from labelled aminoacyl-tRNAs and unbound amino acids. PMID- 6569884 TI - Collecting data on abuse of the elderly. PMID- 6569885 TI - Assessing elder abuse: a study. PMID- 6569886 TI - Teaching the investigation of elder abuse. PMID- 6569887 TI - The unseen abuse: why financial maltreatment of the elderly goes unrecognized. PMID- 6569888 TI - Drugs and the elderly: an area of concern. PMID- 6569889 TI - Clients in crisis. When should the nurse step in? PMID- 6569890 TI - The use of art therapy with sexually abused children. PMID- 6569891 TI - Do Asians need less medication? PMID- 6569892 TI - Three generations of men in psychosocial nursing. PMID- 6569893 TI - Territorial behavior among the institutionalized. A nursing perspective. PMID- 6569894 TI - A perimeter algorithm applied to lung pathology. AB - A new image analyser, the NS 2000, explores the image using 256 photodiodes and, according to an adjustable threshold, converts it into a set of digital points of logical level 0 or 1. The method of fitting squares of increasing size consists of checking the presence of a square of a given size and of a given logical value throughout the image studied and gives the areas of successive erosions of the image. Using the parameters provided by the device one can obtain the total boundary BA per unit area for the phase studied, which is proportional to the number of squares having points of the two logical levels. Errors in length measurement as a function of orientation and for isotropic structures are compared to other automatic perimeter algorithms and to manual square grid measurement. Using the parameters provided by the device for the quantitative evaluation of lesions of elastase induced emphysema in hamster lungs, the values obtained for internal surface area (ISA) of alveoli, are lower by about 40% in elastase treated hamsters when compared to normal controls. This difference is highly significant (P less than 0.001) and the results obtained by the described method are in good agreement with those obtained by the classical manual procedure. Efficiency, defined as the precision of the estimate per unit measurement time on a given set of sample units (pictures in this paper), is given for both NS 2000 and manual procedures. The results obtained show comparable values but the automatic procedure includes a statistical treatment and it is significantly faster on histological sections than on micrographs, which was not the case with the manual method. PMID- 6569895 TI - [Evaluation of urinary kallikrein assay using various chromogenic peptide substrates (II)]. PMID- 6569896 TI - [Proposal of a "model for humanistic recognition process" for the phenomena constituting a common basis for understanding of public health activities: for practical application of the third viewpoint]. PMID- 6569897 TI - [Partial revision of the National Health Program]. PMID- 6569898 TI - [Legislative trend against public health clinics--a precarious future of the supplementary budget proposed for maintenance of public health clinics]. PMID- 6569899 TI - [The focal point in the analysis and nursing technology with consideration of the family as a unit: development of family assistance methodology in the process of solving health problems]. PMID- 6569900 TI - Effects of vanadate on mechanical and electrical activities in guinea-pig taenia coli. AB - Effects of vanadate (NH4VO3 and Na3 VO4: VAN) on electrical and mechanical activities and cellular Na content in guinea-pig taenia coli were examined. VAN (1-5 X 10(-4) M) transiently increased membrane potential and decreased muscle tension. Several minutes later, muscle tension increased following membrane depolarization and increase in spike frequency. The initial relaxing effect of VAN was not affected by ouabain, phentolamine and propranolol, and the contractile effect was not affected by atropine and tetrodotoxin. The VAN-induced contraction was dependent on external Ca and was abolished by verapamil. VAN also induced a contraction in depolarized taenia, which was augmented when external Ca concentration was lowered. VAN (10(-3) M) did not change cellular Na content. It is suggested that VAN-induced relaxation is due to the decrease in membrane electrical activities whereas contraction is attributable to the increased electrical activities followed by Ca influx and also to nonelectrical mechanism followed by mobilization of cellular Ca. These changes do not seem to be related to Na pump activity. PMID- 6569901 TI - [A study of invasive factor in bladder cancer--elastase-like activity as a marker of bladder cancer invasiveness]. PMID- 6569903 TI - [When is a patient brain dead?]. PMID- 6569902 TI - [Adaptive role of the interaction between the neuroendocrine and cardiovascular systems in myocardial infarction]. AB - The state of the sympathicoadrenal, and the kallikrein-kinin systems of the blood as well as that of the hormones of the adrenal cortex was studied simultaneously with the central hemodynamic parameters in 62 patients with macrofocal myocardial infarction. A correlation was established between some parameters of the neuroendocrine system and the indices of the central hemodynamics which is important for the specification of the adaptational role of hormones in acute myocardial infarction and also for the prognosis and selection of the treatment. PMID- 6569904 TI - [The cry for help. Keeping the crisis open--experiences with suicide prevention and crisis intervention]. PMID- 6569905 TI - [Nursing aspects of meal distribution]. PMID- 6569907 TI - [Rape is murder of the spirit]. PMID- 6569906 TI - [Aldehydes and toxicity]. PMID- 6569908 TI - [Intensive care--progress or torture chamber?]. PMID- 6569909 TI - [The psychological situation of nursing personnel in intensive care units. Observations and experiences]. PMID- 6569910 TI - [Basis, clinical aspects and therapy of Parkinson's syndrome]. PMID- 6569911 TI - [Physiological aspects of endurance training]. PMID- 6569912 TI - [In the children's hospital]. PMID- 6569914 TI - [Stoma dialogue]. PMID- 6569913 TI - [From the viewpoint of the hospital physician. 7 years after the reform of Paragraph 218]. PMID- 6569915 TI - [Patient at risk: pressure points]. PMID- 6569916 TI - [Humaneness, inhumanity in the hospital?]. PMID- 6569917 TI - [Cardiac pacing (1): theoretical basis of a pacemaker]. PMID- 6569918 TI - [Nursing process. Nursing of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency: physiopathology of chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6569919 TI - [Nursing process. Nursing of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6569920 TI - [Nursing process. Nursing of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Nursing process for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6569921 TI - [Nursing process. Nursing of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Nursing of a patient with chronic respiratory insufficiency and associated anxiety]. PMID- 6569922 TI - [Nursing process. Nursing of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Extent of nursing to ease the problems of psychological stress. Discussion]. PMID- 6569923 TI - [Psychological process of a patient with poor prognosis--an experience with a patient with atypical leukemia]. PMID- 6569924 TI - [Modified orientation for recreation--an attempt in clinical training on a psychiatric ward]. PMID- 6569925 TI - [Nursing of a patient who has lost vocalization function--on assistance before and after pharyngectomy]. PMID- 6569926 TI - [Survey on the status of socially rehabilitated patients with enterostomy]. PMID- 6569927 TI - [Conference: learning through clinical training. Nursing action to remove the factors obstructing the desire for recovery]. PMID- 6569928 TI - [Introduction to case studies. Experience in easing the anxiety of patients facing surgery--case study of a patient with uterine myoma]. PMID- 6569929 TI - [Test yourself: keypoints in nursing. Nursing of a child with Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6569930 TI - [My concept of patients altered by personal experience with hospitalization. A gap between the medical personnel and patient created by language]. PMID- 6569931 TI - [My concept of patients altered by personal experience with hospitalization. Good patients and bad patients]. PMID- 6569932 TI - [My concept of patients altered by personal experience with hospitalization. Assistance inherent in spontaneous behaviors of nurses]. PMID- 6569933 TI - [My concept of patients altered by personal experience with hospitalization. The gravity of anxiety of hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6569934 TI - [Cardiac pacing (2): pacemaker devices]. PMID- 6569935 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with congenital heart diseases. Physiopathology of congenital heart diseases--with special reference to heart diseases in infants and young children]. PMID- 6569936 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with congenital heart diseases. Diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases--with special reference to heart diseases in infants and young children]. PMID- 6569937 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with congenital heart diseases. Nursing process for children with congenital heart diseases]. PMID- 6569938 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of children with congenital heart diseases. Discussion: sharing of information on the patient with his mother in professional nursing associated with medical treatment]. PMID- 6569939 TI - [Nursing study: a learning experience through psychological assistance of the patient]. PMID- 6569940 TI - [On the rehabilitation table used at an orthopedic ward]. PMID- 6569942 TI - [Operational theory in the development of the nursing process (problem-solving technic)--practical limitations and resultant problems]. PMID- 6569941 TI - [Conference: lessons in clinical training. Understanding of the needs of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 6569943 TI - [Introduction to case studies. Nursing of a child following removal of a vocal cord polyp--a learning experience through communication with the child who was not allowed to vocalize]. PMID- 6569944 TI - [Test yourself: keypoints in nursing. Continued nursing of ambulatory, regional, and hospitalized diabetic patients]. PMID- 6569945 TI - [Creation of an "area with healthy population" and nursing: importance of knowing individual inhabitants rather than individual patients]. PMID- 6569946 TI - [Creation of an "area with healthy population" and nursing: importance of recognizing nursing capacity of individuals--nuclear families and the aging society]. PMID- 6569947 TI - [Creation of an "area with healthy population" and nursing: healthy, enriched life for each child--activities of an outpatient clinic for the creation of an area with healthy population]. PMID- 6569948 TI - [Creation of an "area with healthy population" and nursing: the attitude of participants supporting volunteer activities]. PMID- 6569949 TI - [Cardiac pacing (3): indication for a pacemaker]. PMID- 6569950 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of alcoholic patients. Physiopathology of alcoholism]. PMID- 6569951 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of alcoholic patients. Treatment of alcoholism]. PMID- 6569952 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of alcoholic patients. Nursing process for alcoholic patients]. PMID- 6569953 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of alcoholic patients. Approach to a patient who decided to withdraw from alcohol on the 4th hospitalization]. PMID- 6569954 TI - [Nursing process: nursing of alcoholic patients. Discussion: factors responsible for changes in the patient's view on human relationship]. PMID- 6569955 TI - [Help extended to the family member caring for a patient in the terminal stage of cancer--psychological help for the patient's husband]. PMID- 6569956 TI - [Observation of a patient through a record by POS]. PMID- 6569957 TI - [Reduction of time required in removing soap and moisture after bathing]. PMID- 6569958 TI - [Expression of nursing philosophy in the smallest detail of nursing actions. A conference]. PMID- 6569959 TI - [Case study. Nursing of an aged patient with heterotopic testicular tumor associated with lung cancer. Easing of anxiety of the patient]. PMID- 6569960 TI - [Test yourself. Nursing keypoints. Nursing of an aged patient following femoral neck fracture]. PMID- 6569961 TI - [Creation of a night atmosphere ideal for the patient]. PMID- 6569963 TI - [Patients' domain in the ward at night]. PMID- 6569962 TI - [Self-expression by patients aided by the tranquility of the night]. PMID- 6569964 TI - [Glandular kallikrein in chronic recurrent parotitis]. AB - Salivary kallikrein was measured in the parotid saliva of 11 patients suffering from chronic recurrent parotitis and 15 healthy control persons. While in the control group kallikrein levels from 1-4 U/l could be registrated, the results obtained from patients were significantly elevated and varied between 23,45 U/l and 89,41 U/l. Release of kallikrein from destroyed duct cells is suggested to be the origin of the elevated salivary levels of this enzyme in chronic recurrent parotitis. A leakage of glandular kallikrein into the interstitial fluid and thereby release of kallidin from kininogen is discussed as a possible mechanism in the development of this disease. PMID- 6569965 TI - [Meningococcal infection]. PMID- 6569966 TI - [Neuroses in children]. PMID- 6569967 TI - [Stuttering]. PMID- 6569968 TI - [Subclavian catheterization in children]. PMID- 6569969 TI - [Congenital heart defects in young children]. PMID- 6569970 TI - [Daily regimen for children in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6569972 TI - [Infant feeding in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6569971 TI - [Swimming for young children--an effective method of hardiness training]. PMID- 6569973 TI - [Neuropsychic development of the child in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6569974 TI - [Inoculation work with infants]. PMID- 6569975 TI - [Organization of nutrition in kindergartens]. PMID- 6569976 TI - [First aid for the drowning child]. PMID- 6569977 TI - [New legislation on increase in the pensions]. PMID- 6569978 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 6569979 TI - The effect of asbestos-cement, cement and asbestos dusts on the lungs of rats. AB - Experimental coniosis was induced by intratracheal administration to rats of 25 mg or 50 mg of Portland cement, asbestos-cement, as well as chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos. The rats were sacrificed 90, 165 and 180 days after dust administration. The weight of wet lungs and hydroxyproline content in lungs were determined. Statistically significant lower values of fibrogenic effects indices following cement dust administration, as compared to those indices for the other dusts, were found. On the other hand, no significant differences were found between fibrogenic effects indices for asbestos-cement containing approx. 13% of asbestos and pure asbestos dusts (chrysotile or crocidolite). Furthermore, it seems that the duration of dust action is more important than the dust dose in the development of fibrogenic asbestosis. PMID- 6569980 TI - Oliver's story. PMID- 6569981 TI - Expectations of breast feeding. PMID- 6569982 TI - The changing aspect of midwifery teaching. PMID- 6569983 TI - Reviewing the situation: opening address. PMID- 6569984 TI - Three years on! President's address. PMID- 6569985 TI - A view of the Mastermind Final. PMID- 6569986 TI - Hazards to patients during surgery. No. 3. Diathermy injuries. PMID- 6569988 TI - Where do they keep things? A two-week induction programme. PMID- 6569987 TI - A Scottish experience. PMID- 6569990 TI - Calling all candidates: the conference call as a screening tool. PMID- 6569989 TI - Soft tissue release tendo Achilles. A case study. PMID- 6569992 TI - Five easy steps from do-it-yourselfer to delegator. PMID- 6569991 TI - Making every minute count. PMID- 6569993 TI - Toward a more profitable nursing image. PMID- 6569994 TI - The write stuff: business letters made simple. PMID- 6569995 TI - Z-theory nursing. PMID- 6569996 TI - On the road. Secrets of successful business travel. PMID- 6569997 TI - After extensive consultation... RCN response to Warnock goes to DHSS. PMID- 6569998 TI - RCN calls for specialist nurses in each DHA. College evidence to inquiry on misuse of drugs. PMID- 6569999 TI - Royal College of Nursing: more to health. PMID- 6570000 TI - Restructuring of units with no debate is destined to damage interests of patients. PMID- 6570001 TI - The future seems full of challenges. PMID- 6570002 TI - Occupational asthma. PMID- 6570003 TI - Exposure to mercury vapor. PMID- 6570004 TI - Personal view: accepting responsibility. PMID- 6570005 TI - OH teaching: a Canadian experience. PMID- 6570006 TI - Caring for cytotoxic drug handlers. PMID- 6570007 TI - Serum hepatitis--the occupational risk. PMID- 6570008 TI - Ten years on. PMID- 6570009 TI - When fewer jobs means more work. PMID- 6570010 TI - The effects of chemicals on health--1. PMID- 6570011 TI - Patient care guides. Practical information for public health nurses. PMID- 6570012 TI - Poly(U)-dependent polyphenylalanine and polytyrosine synthesis in vitro by a tRNATyr variant with an enzymatically altered anticodon, G-A-A. AB - A variant of T. utilis tRNATyr containing a base substitution (psi----A) in the middle position of the anticodon has been constructed by enzymatic procedures in vitro. This variant is unique in that it can accept both tyrosine and phenylalanine. This tRNA was shown to be active in transferring both tyrosine and phenylalanine into polypeptides in a cell-free, poly (U)-directed translation system from yeast. This result gives further support to the adapter hypothesis since tyrosine, attached to the variant tRNATyr with an anticodon G-A-A, is incorporated into polypeptides in response to poly (U) message. PMID- 6570013 TI - Systems of life No 120. Setting up the systems-20. The cardiovascular system. PMID- 6570014 TI - In the mind's eye. PMID- 6570015 TI - Twenty-five years on. Interview by Harriet Gaze. PMID- 6570016 TI - Griffiths on the shop floor. PMID- 6570017 TI - Till divorce us do part. PMID- 6570018 TI - Quality circles. Four. The American experience. PMID- 6570019 TI - How drugs act. Four. Intolerance, idiosyncrasy and hypersensitivity. PMID- 6570020 TI - Dying with dignity? Reiterating age-old truths. PMID- 6570021 TI - To kill or not to kill? PMID- 6570022 TI - A life saved. PMID- 6570023 TI - Nursing in support of PHC: let us think about traditional medicine. PMID- 6570024 TI - Family planning; a nurse's concern. PMID- 6570025 TI - Crisis counselling. PMID- 6570026 TI - The anatomy of the breast and the physiology of breast feeding. PMID- 6570027 TI - Nurses speak up for better health. PMID- 6570028 TI - Nurses speak up for better health--II. A 'wholistic' approach. PMID- 6570029 TI - Acute diarrhoeal diseases: a malady in children. PMID- 6570030 TI - Jaundice: hazard to nurses. PMID- 6570031 TI - Getting breast-feeding started. PMID- 6570032 TI - A room with a view. PMID- 6570035 TI - Why is health so valuable? PMID- 6570033 TI - Let's talk before resentment sets in. PMID- 6570036 TI - Happy families. PMID- 6570037 TI - Nurse teachers. Facing an appalling dilemma.